Full text of Employment and Earnings : July 1989
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
July 1989
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
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in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
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Jan.
Industry detail (final)
Mar.
Women employees (final)
Mar.
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors
Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
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Jan., Feb.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin.
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Communications on material in this publication should
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ISSN 0013-6840
Jan.
Jan.
June
Revised historical national data
Supplement 1
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual averages
1
The latest supplement was published in August 1988.
May
Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36 No. 7 July 1989
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, June 1989
New seasonal adjustment factors for household data series
2
5
7
Statistical tables:
HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
8
77
115
Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data
11
55
78
96
118
140
147
Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes
38
45
90
137
144
153
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
AAAAAAA-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date..
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age . . . .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
18
19
20
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
...
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
.......
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment .
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used...
...
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .
. 21
22
.23
,24
, 25
.25
. 26
. 27
.28
28
Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex . .
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation ..
....
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status .
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status ..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.
. 29
. 30
.31
. 32
,33
33
34
.34
35
.36
37
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
....
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
...
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .. .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
.38
39
40
41
42
42
43
,43
44
44
QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-42.
A-43.
A-44.
A-45.
A-46.
A-47.
A-48.
A-49.
A-50.
A-51.
A-52.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin,
seasonally adjusted
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
45
46
47
49
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-53.
A-54.
A-55.
A-56.
A-57.
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted .
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age,
race, and Hispanic origin
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to
seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race .
54
55
56
57
58
Race and Hispanic-Origin Data
A-58.
A-59.
A-60.
A-61.
A-62.
A-63.
A-64.
A-65.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and
economic categories
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin.
59
. 60
.61
62
.63
.63
.64
. 64
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-66.
A-67.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin .
65
65
Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data
A-68.
A-69.
A-70.
A-71.
A-72.
A-73.
A-74.
A-75.
Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin .
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median
weekly earnings
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics .
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex .
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-76.
A-77.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban,
and rural areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
and Hispanic origin.
74
76
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
Employment-National
BBBB-
1.
2.
3.
4.
B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted.
.77
78
89
90
91
92
.93
Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
96
Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date . . .
..............
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls . .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted . . .
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .
..
..
115
C- 2.
....
118
134
135
136
137
138
....
139
Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.
Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.
140
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates
144
145
146
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.
Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas.
...
147
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, June 1989
Unemployment was little changed in June, and employment
rose moderately. The overall unemployment rate was 5.2
percent and the civilian worker rate was 5.3 percent; they
had been 5.1 and 5.2 percent, respectively, in May.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by the
survey of business establishments—increased by 180,000 in
June, seasonally adjusted, about in line with recent gains.
However, the number of jobs in the goods-producing sector
declined by 50,000. Total civilian employment—as measured
by the survey of households—rose by 325,000 over the
month.
population that is employed—reached a new high of 63.1
percent. Over the past year, employment has risen by 2.5
million. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force increased by 490,000 in June to
a seasonally adjusted level of 124.1 million. The labor force
participation rate, at 66.6 percent, was at a record high. Over
the year, the civilian labor force has risen by 2.5 million,
1.5 million of which occurred among adult women and 1.2
million among adult men. (See table A-33.)
Unemployment
The quarterly estimate of discouraged workers—persons
who want to work but have not looked for jobs because they
believe they cannot find any—was about unchanged in the
April-June period, at a seasonally adjusted level of 870,000.
Blacks accounted for 37 percent of discouraged workers,
even though they make up only 11 percent of the civilian
working-age population. (See table A-53.)
The number of unemployed persons, 6.6 million, and the
civilian worker unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were little
changed in June, after seasonal adjustment. Both series were
also at about the same levels as a year earlier. (See table
A-33.)
The jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent), adult women
(4.9 percent), teenagers (15.6 percent), whites (4.5 percent),
and Hispanics (8.1 percent) were essentially unchanged from
the previous month. There was an increase in the rate for
young adult workers (20-24 year-olds), from 7.7 to 8.9
percent. Black workers (11.9 percent) also experienced an
increase in their unemployment rate, as there was a rise in
joblessness among young black women. (See tables A-33,
A-34, and A-38.)
The median duration of unemployment, at 5.5 weeks, was
about unchanged from the previous month and was down
only slightly over the year. Average (mean) duration of
unemployment declined seven-tenths of a week in June to
a seasonally adjusted level of 11.1 weeks. This measure has
fallen by more than 2 weeks over the past year, largely due
to a decline in the number of long-term unemployed. The
number of newly unemployed persons, those jobless for less
than 5 weeks, rose to 3.3 million in June, after having held
at 3.0 or 3.1 million for most of the last year and a half.
Paralleling this was an increase of 200,000 in unemployed
reentrants to the labor force. (See tables A-40 and A-41.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment increased by 325,000 in June to a
seasonally adjusted level of 117.5 million, as the
employment-population ratio—the proportion of the
Discouraged workers
Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 180,000
in June to a level of 108.5 million, seasonally adjusted. This
gain was about the same as the increase for the previous
month, as revised, and occurred entirely within the serviceproducing sector. (See table B-4.)
In the goods sector, employment decreased by 50,000 in
June, returning the job total to its January level.
Manufacturing employment fell for the third consecutive
month and was 50,000 below the March level. Employment
in auto manufacturing was down by 15,000, as production
was cut back because of large inventories. Employment in
the electrical equipment industry continued its downward
trend; since November, the industry has lost 30,000 jobs.
There were also small but widespread over-the-month
declines in other industries, particularly in the durable goods
sector. One exception to this pattern of job loss was the
machinery industry, where employment has continued to
increase in each month of 1989, although at a slower pace
than in 1988.
The number of mining jobs fell over the month, as about
10,000 workers were off payrolls for the entire reference
period due to labor-management disputes. Construction
employment was little changed for the second straight month.
The service-producing sector continued to show job gains.
Employment in the services industry itself rose by 160,000
in June, with business and health services both posting large
increases. Employment in the transportation industry, which
had increased on a consistent basis for the last 3 years, rose
by another 20,000. Insurance and real estate jobs continued
to rise. After exhibiting strong-to-moderate growth during
1988 and early this year, employment levels were little
changed in both wholesale and retail trade.
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
at 127.8 (1977 = 100), increased by 0.2 percent, after
seasonal adjustment. The index for manufacturing declined
0.3 percent to 96.2, due to the drop in both the hours and
employment levels. (See table C-6.)
Weekly hours
Both the average hourly and weekly earnings of private
production or nonsupervisory workers were about unchanged
in June, after seasonal adjustment. Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings inched down by 1 cent
to $9.58 and average weekly earnings increased by $1.57
to $332.43. Average hourly earnings rose 3.8 percent over
the past year. (See tables C-l and C-7.)
Average weekly hours for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 34.6 hours
in June, seasonally adjusted, were unchanged over the month.
The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.1 hour to 40.9
in June, while factory overtime (3.8 hours) was unchanged.
(See table C-5.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month
Release date
Reference month
Release date
July
August 4
October
November 3
August
September 1
November
December 8
September
October 6
December
January 5
New Seasonal Adjustment Factors
for Household Data Series
* Robert J. Mclntire
Semiannually, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the
factors to be used during the following 6 months for seasonal
adjustment of the major labor force series. Table 1 presents
these seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major labor force
components for July-December 1989. The factors which
were used for these components during the first 6 months
of 1989 were published in the January 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings. The 12 seasonally adjusted series
which result from the application of these factors are used
in the computation of the seasonally adjusted figures for the
national unemployment level and for the overall and civilian
employment and labor force levels and unemployment rates.
The overall measures include the resident Armed Forces in
the employed segment of the labor force, but seasonal factors are not calculated for the resident Armed Forces data
since they are considered to have no seasonal component.
The new seasonal factors have been extrapolated using the
X-l 1 ARIMA program with data through June 1989 for each
series. The ARIMA models used were the same as those used
at the beginning of the year for the extrapolation of the factors for January through June; they were identified in the
January issue of this publication. The historical seasonally
adjusted data, including the first 6 months of 1989, will not
be revised until the beginning of 1990. More detailed information on the adjustment method, the procedures for aggregation, and the revision of historical data is included in the
January 1989 issue in the article entitled "Revision of
Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series."
* Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Data Development
Staff in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
Data for any of the several hundred seasonally adjusted
labor force series and the July-December 1989 factors for
any of the other independently adjusted series (there are about
200 in addition to the 12 major components) may be obtained
from BLS upon request. Requests for data or inquiries concerning the seasonal adjustment methodology or the availability of machine-readable files of labor force data should
be addressed to the Data Development Staff, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.
Table 1. Current seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major
civilian labor force components, July-December 1989
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1.087
1.185
1.698
1.739
1.070
1.059
1.398
1.449
1.034
1.000
.998
.812
1.040
1.058
.867
.760
.983
1.006
.710
.682
.927
.914
.602
.722
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . . 1.010
Women, 20 years and over . .987
1.010 1.006
.988 .999
1.005
1.011
1.002
1.013
.998
1.010
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over . . . .956
Women, 20 years and over . 1.038
.919 .875
1.073 1.070
.898
1.009
.965
.975
.992
.903
Procedure and series
Multiplicative Adjustment
(Divide factor into
original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over .
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years . .
Additive Adjustment
(Subtract factor from
original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
867
735
643
532
-155
-176
-170
-107
-137
-132
-142
-31
Unemployment:
Men, 16 tc 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years . . .
144
115
-20
-3
-44
4
-37
-28
-42
-24
-58
-110
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month
Noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Resident
Armed
Forces
Unemployed
Civilian
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
..
..
..
..
..
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
I9601 .
1961 ..
19621 .
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..
119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573
71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972
60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8
67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140
1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..
139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460
84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559
61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0
80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421
2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322
108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2
100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677
1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
..
..
..
..
..
.,
.
.
.,
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
186,247
186,402
186,522
186,666
186,801
186,949
187,098
123,209
123,331
123,692
123,688
123,778
124,215
124,259
66.2
66.2
66.3
66.3
66.3
66.4
66.4
116,686
116,707
116,895
117,074
117,260
117,652
117,705
1,685
1,673
1,692
1,704
1,687
1,705
1,696
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009
3,121
3,060
3,142
3,176
3,238
3,238
3,193
111,880
111,974
112,061
112,194
112,335
112,709
112,816
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
63,038
63,071
62,830
62,978
63,023
62,734
62,839
1989:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
187,340
187,461
187,581
187,708
187,854
187,995
125,124
124,865
124,948
125,343
125,283
125,768
66.8
66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.9
118,407
118,537
118,820
118,797
118,888
119,207
1,696
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,673
1,666
116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
3,300
3,223
3,206
3,104
3,112
3,096
113,411
113,630
113,930
114,009
114,102
114,445
6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
62,216
62,596
62,633
62,365
62,571
62,228
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Civilian
Resident
Armed
Forces
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1
1978
1979
78,107
79,509
61,151
62,215
78.3
78.2
58,010
59,096
1,531
1,489
56,479
57,607
2,718
2,686
53,761
54,921
3,142
3,120
5.1
5.0
16,956
17,293
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474
77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820
1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
89,367
89,445
89,504
89,577
89,637
89,716
89,792
68,436
68,461
68,685
68,604
68,569
68,686
68,638
76.6
76.5
76.7
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.4
64,894
64,941
64,931
65,015
64,976
65,074
65,055
1,523
1,512
1,529
1,540
1,526
1,542
1,534
63,371
63,429
63,402
63,475
63,450
63,532
63,521
2,448
2,475
2,491
2,488
2,544
2,533
2,477
60,923
60,954
60,911
60,987
60,906
60,999
61,044
3,542
3,520
3,754
3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
20,931
20,984
20,819
20,973
21,068
21,030
21,154
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
89,914
89,973
90,032
90,094
90,167
90,237
69,032
69,113
69,190
69,360
76.8
76.8
76.9
77.0
76.7
77.0
65,322
65,572
65,920
65,767
65,713
66,110
1,532
1,521
1,521
1,521
1,511
1,501
63,790
64,051
64,399
64,246
64,202
64,609
2,501
2,509
2,497
2,440
2,447
2,455
61,289
61,542
61,902
61,806
61,755
62,154
3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401
3,397
5.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.9
20,882
20,860
20,842
20,734
21,053
20,730
69,507
Annual averages
1
WOMEN
1978
1979
85,434
86,951
42,731
44,343
50.0
51.0
41,325
100
108
39,569
41,217
669
661
38,900
40,556
3,061
3,018
7.2
6.8
42,703
42,608
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918
45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904
51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6
42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858
124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
1985
19861
1987
1988
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
June
July
August
September...
October
November...
December...
96,957
97,018
97,089
97,164
97,234
97,306
54,773
54,870
55,007
55,084
55,209
55,529
55,621
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8
57.1
57.2
51,792
51,766
51,964
52,059
52,284
52,578
52,650
162
161
163
164
161
163
162
51,630
51,605
51,801
51,895
52,123
52,415
52,488
673
585
651
688
694
705
716
50,957
51,020
51,150
51,207
51,429
51,710
51,772
2,981
3,104
3,043
3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
42,107
42,087
42,011
42,005
41,955
41,705
41,685
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
97,427
97,488
97,550
97,614
97,687
97,758
56,091
55,752
55,758
55,983
56,169
56,261
57.6
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5
57.6
53,085
52,965
52,900
53,029
53,175
53,097
164
163
163
163
162
165
52,921
52,802
52,737
52,866
53,013
52,932
799
713
709
663
666
641
52,122
52,089
52,028
52,203
52,347
52,290
3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994
3,164
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
41,336
41,736
41,792
41,631
41,518
41,497
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployment rates
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Unemployed
Total
Men
Women
Annual averages
1955...
1956...
1957...
1958...
1959...
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
I960 1
1961 ...
19621 .
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
7,637
8,273
10,678
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
1963..
1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
1970..
1971 ..
1
1972
19731
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
19781
1979..
1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983..
1984..
1985..
1
1986
1987..
1988..
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..
184,562
184,729
184,830
184,962
185,114
185,244
185,402
121,524
121,658
122,000
121,984
122,091
122,510
122,563
65.8
65.9
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.1
66.1
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
185,644
185,777
185,897
186,024
186,181
186,329
123,428
123,181
123,264
123,659
123,610
124,102
66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.6
116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
1989:
January ...
February
March
April
May
June
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
10
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
June 989
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Unemployed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
186,329
14,211
6,850
7,361
18,090
103,455
42,868
21,146
21,722
35,879
19,280
16,600
24,709
13,432
11,278
21,419
10,666
10,753
29,152
10,037
7,772
11,343
125,569
9,326
3,758
5,568
14,984
85,905
35,817
17,548
18,269
30,280
16,124
14,156
19,808
11,081
8,727
11,891
7,080
4,812
3,461
2,041
884
536
67.4
65.6
54.9
75.6
82.8
83.0
83.6
83.0
84.1
84.4
83.6
85.3
80.2
82.5
77.4
55.5
66.4
44.8
11.9
20.3
11.4
4.7
118,719
7,639
2,925
4,714
13,612
82,581
34,012
16,617
17,395
29,310
15,563
13,747
19,260
10,774
8,485
11,509
6,855
4,654
3,378
1,986
860
88,736
7,144
3,502
3,642
8,771
50,607
21,124
10,381
10,743
17,511
9,447
8,064
11,972
6,520
5,453
10,084
5,080
5,005
12,129
4,569
3,367
4,193
69,213
4,888
2,028
2,861
7,922
47,502
20,027
9,732
10,295
16,550
8,930
7,620
10,925
6,021
4,904
6,839
4,043
2,796
2,062
1,149
78.0
68.4
57.9
78.5
90.3
93.9
94.8
93.7
95.8
94.5
94.5
94.5
91.3
92.3
89.9
67.8
79.6
55.9
17.0
25.1
16.6
8.4
65,729
4,040
1,570
2,471
7,220
45,819
19,115
9,251
9,864
16,054
8,645
7,409
10,651
5,872
4,779
6,635
3,921
2,715
2,014
1,119
3,484
848
458
390
702
1,682
912
274
149
125
204
123
81
48
30
2.5
2.5
545
14
2.5
350
4
1.1
97,593
7,067
3,348
3,719
9,319
52,848
21,744
10,765
10,979
18,368
9,833
8,536
12,736
6,912
5,825
11,334
5,586
5,748
17,023
5,468
4,405
7,150
56,356
4,438
1,730
2,707
7,062
38,404
15,790
7,816
7,974
13,731
7,194
6,536
8,883
5,060
3,823
5,053
3,036
2,016
1,399
892
325
182
57.7
62.8
51.7
72.8
75.8
72.7
72.6
72.6
72.6
74.8
73.2
76.6
69.7
73.2
65.6
44.6
54.4
35.1
8.2
16.3
7.4
52,990
3,599
1,355
2,243
6,392
36,762
14,898
7,366
7,531
13,256
6,918
6,338
8,608
4,902
3,706
4,874
2,934
1,940
1,364
867
315
182
3,365
839
375
464
670
1,642
893
450
6.0
18.9
21.7
17.1
9.5
4.3
5.7
5.8
5.6
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.8
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Unable
to
work
Going
to
school
Other
reasons
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
532
6,850
1,687
833
5.5
549
18.1
22.2
15.3
9.2
3.9
5.0
5.3
4.8
3.2
3.5
2.9
2.8
307
242
2.8
2.8
382
225
3.2
3.2
3.3
854
1,372
3,324
1,805
931
874
971
562
410
158
83
56
24
4
2.4
2.7
2.7
.7
3,613
40
16
24
64
1,415
347
168
178
468
217
251
600
280
319
782
379
403
1,313
318
60,760
4,885
3,092
1,793
3,106
17,551
7,051
3,598
3,453
5,599
3,156
2,443
4,901
2,350
2,550
9,527
3,587
5,941
25,691
7,995
6,889
10,807
27,248
500
171
329
1,492
11,945
5,008
2,448
2,560
3,816
2,187
1,619
3,121
1,486
1,635
4,452
1,898
2,554
8,860
2,808
2,392
3,659
3,736
2,208
1,428
780
111
731
472
330
142
5
748
19,523
2,256
1,474
782
849
3,106
1,098
649
448
961
518
443
1,047
499
548
3,245
1,036
2,209
10,067
3,420
2,808
3,839
504
38
19
19
29
169
54
23
31
61
41
20
53
33
20
76
33
43
193
67
1,784
1,110
708
1,927
28
11
16
40
900
254
117
43
-1
2
41,237
2,629
1,618
1,012
2,257
14,445
5,954
2,949
3,005
4,638
2,638
2,000
3,853
1,851
2,002
6,282
2,550
3,732
15,624
4,575
4,081
6,968
26,744
462
152
310
1,463
11,776
4,954
2,425
2,529
3,755
2,156
1,599
3,067
1,453
1,615
4,375
1,865
2,511
8,667
2,741
2,349
3,576
222
124
99
37
24
12
13
6
7
7
2
247
26,163
2,137
1,476
661
773
3,460
1,224
650
573
1,093
618
475
1,144
561
583
4,281
1,304
2,978
15,511
4,866
4,251
6,394
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
559
354
481
431
496
285
212
5.0
17.3
22.6
13.6
8.9
3.5
4.6
4.9
4.2
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.3
2.6
83
402
377
287
209
168
41
74
48
26
5
3
2
7
4
3
3
1
137
297
142
155
349
172
176
447
216
230
514
176
114
223
15,307
1,080
735
344
404
1,751
581
341
240
530
286
243
640
291
349
2,715
783
1,932
9,358
3,175
2,652
3,531
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
2.5
443
474
277
198
275
158
117
179
102
76
35
26
10
-
2.5
2.9
3.1
.1
1,952
1,098
720
378
401
444
264
162
101
148
76
73
31
21
10
6
2
3
4
1
1
3
1,686
12
5
7
24
515
93
51
41
171
75
96
251
108
143
335
162
173
800
142
133
525
10,855
1,057
740
317
369
1,709
643
309
333
563
332
232
504
270
234
1,566
521
1,045
6,153
1,691
1,599
2,863
11
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Unable
to
work
Going
to
school
Other
reasons
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
159,297
11,564
5,503
6,061
14,881
87,957
35,967
17,710
18,257
30,718
16,372
14,346
21,271
11,556
9,715
18,746
9,260
9,487
26,151
8,894
6,999
10,257
107,762
7,931
3,184
4,747
12,590
73,528
30,297
14,871
15,426
26,055
13,781
12,274
17,176
9,608
7,568
10,573
6,261
4,312
3,141
1,865
788
489
67.6
68.6
57.9
78.3
84.6
83.6
84.2
84.0
84.5
84.8
84.2
85.6
80.7
83.1
77.9
56.4
67.6
45.5
12.0
21.0
11.3
4.8
102,869
6,768
2,596
4,172
11,652
71,104
29,051
14,223
14,827
25,288
13,358
11,931
16,765
9,383
7,381
10,280
6,091
4,189
3,066
1,815
767
484
4,893
1,163
588
575
938
2,424
1,246
647
598
767
423
344
411
225
187
292
170
123
75
50
22
4
4.5
14.7
18.5
12.1
7.5
3.3
4.1
4.4
3.9
2.9
4.8
2.8
2.4
2.3
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.8
.8
51,535
3,633
2,319
1,314
2,291
14,428
5,670
2,838
2,832
4,663
2,591
2,072
4,095
1,948
2,147
8,173
2,999
5,174
23,009
7,031
6,210
9,768
23,545
373
131
242
1,154
10,136
4,188
2,028
2,160
3,249
1,880
1,420
2,698
1,286
1,471
3,875
1,619
2,255
8,008
2,458
2,164
3,387
2,711
1,616
1,043
573
543
533
340
233
107
157
78
78
36
22
13
13
6
7
5
2
-1
3
2,714
32
13
19
34
1,053
246
118
128
377
175
204
429
208
221
595
298
298
1,000
226
193
580
22,564
1,612
1,132
480
560
2,707
896
459
438
880
496
384
931
442
489
3,690
1,075
2,615
13,996
4,343
3,855
5,797
76,450
5,833
2,815
3,018
7,284
43,549
17,916
8,791
9,125
15,208
8,135
7,073
10,425
5,679
4,746
8,900
4,447
4,453
10,885
4,063
3,038
3,783
60,126
4,141
1,705
2,437
6,717
41,244
17,158
8,344
8,814
14,460
7,749
6,711
9,627
5,300
4,327
6,139
3,594
2,545
1,884
1,056
508
321
78.6
71.0
60.5
80.8
92.2
94.7
95.8
94.9
96.6
95.1
95.3
94.9
92.3
93.3
91.2
69.0
80.8
57.2
17.3
26.0
16.7
8.5
57,581
3,546
1,378
2,168
6,217
39,991
16,493
7,993
8,499
14,074
7,546
6,528
9,424
5,196
4,228
5,989
3,505
2,483
1,839
1,029
493
317
2,545
595
326
269
501
1,254
665
350
314
386
203
183
203
104
99
150
88
62
45
27
15
4
4.2
14.4
19.2
11.0
7.5
3.0
3.9
4.2
3.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
3.0
1.2
16,324
1,692
1,111
581
567
2,304
758
447
312
748
386
362
798
379
419
2,761
854
1,907
9,000
3,008
2,530
3,462
368
35
20
15
11
108
41
20
21
35
20
15
31
20
11
57
22
35
158
47
38
73
1,289
809
511
298
264
207
151
122
30
49
30
19
7
3
3
7
4
4
2
1
-1
1
1,456
22
10
12
21
671
180
81
99
240
111
130
251
131
120
352
173
179
391
131
93
166
13,210
826
571
256
271
1,318
386
224
162
423
225
198
510
224
285
2,345
655
1,690
8,450
2,828
2,400
3,222
82,847
5,731
2,688
3,043
7,597
44,408
18,051
8,919
9,132
15,511
8,237
7,273
10,846
5,877
4,969
9,846
4,812
5,034
15,266
4,831
3,961
6,474
47,636
3,789
1,479
2,310
5,872
32,284
13,139
6,527
6,612
11,595
6,032
5,563
7,549
4,308
3,241
4,434
2,667
1,767
1,257
809
280
168
57.5
66.1
55.0
75.9
77.3
72.7
72.8
73.2
72.4
74.8
73.2
76.5
69.6
73.3
65.2
45.0
55.4
35.1
8.2
16.7
7.1
2.6
45,288
3,221
1,218
2,004
5,435
31,113
12,558
6,230
6,328
11,214
5,812
5,403
7,341
4,187
3,153
4,292
2,586
1,706
1,227
786
274
167
2,348
568
262
306
437
1,170
581
297
284
381
220
161
208
121
88
142
82
61
30
23
7
-
4.9
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.4
3.6
4.4
4.6
4.3
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.4
2.9
2.5
.1
35,211
1,942
1,208
733
1,725
12,124
4,912
2,391
2,520
3,915
2,205
1,710
3,297
1,569
1,728
5,412
2,145
3,267
14,009
4,023
3,680
6,306
23,177
338
111
221
1,143
10,028
4,147
2,008
2,139
3,214
1,823
1,391
2,667
1,254
1,413
3,818
1,597
2,220
7,851
2,411
2,126
3,314
1,422
808
532
275
279
326
189
111
11
108
48
59
30
19
10
6
3
3
4
1
1,258
10
3
7
13
382
66
37
29
137
64
74
179
77
101
243
125
119
609
95
100
414
9,354
786
562
224
289
1,389
510
235
276
456
271
186
422
218
204
1,345
420
925
5,546
1,515
1,455
2,575
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....
12
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
21,012
2,175
1,092
1,083
2,485
11,777
5,310
2,677
2,633
3,883
2,194
1,689
2,584
1,376
1,208
2,124
1,103
1,020
2,451
901
1,551
13,751
1,168
465
702
1,883
9,453
4,299
2,112
2,188
3,197
1,772
1,425
1,957
1,073
884
991
622
369
256
137
118
65.4
53.7
42.6
64.8
75.8
80.3
81.0
78.9
83.1
82.3
80.8
84.4
75.7
78.0
73.2
46.7
56.4
36.2
10.4
15.2
7.6
12,023
690
248
442
1,493
8,664
3,798
1,866
1,932
3,019
1,654
1,365
1,848
1,005
841
927
587
340
248
133
116
1,728
478
218
260
390
789
501
245
256
178
118
61
110
67
43
65
35
29
8
5
3
12.6
40.9
46.8
37.0
20.7
8.3
11.7
11.6
11.7
5.6
6.7
4.3
5.6
6.2
4.9
6.5
5.7
7.9
2.9
3.6
2.5
7,261
1,008
627
381
602
2,324
1,010
565
445
686
423
264
627
303
324
1,132
481
651
2,195
763
1,432
2,795
108
33
74
275
1,267
580
302
278
385
244
141
302
141
160
451
218
232
694
268
426
694
458
311
147
130
105
65
49
16
40
34
834
7
3
4
30
338
94
49
44
83
39
44
161
69
93
170
68
102
289
88
201
2,941
435
280
155
168
615
271
165
106
179
105
75
165
93
71
512
195
317
1,211
407
805
9,436
1,073
550
523
1,133
5,282
2,405
1,212
1,193
1,732
979
752
1,145
611
534
959
500
459
988
394
595
6,878
638
273
365
935
4,647
2,155
1,060
1,095
1,557
868
689
935
507
428
527
341
185
132
66
66
72.9
59.5
49.6
69.8
82.5
88.0
89.6
87.4
91.6
89.9
88.6
91.6
81.6
82.9
80.1
54.9
68.3
40.3
13.4
16.8
11.1
6,059
406
154
252
757
4,278
1,942
952
990
1,465
801
665
872
467
404
487
317
170
130
64
819
232
119
113
178
367
213
107
105
92
67
25
63
39
24
40
24
16
2
3
11.9
36.4
43.6
31.0
19.1
7.9
9.9
10.1
9.6
5.9
7.7
3.6
6.8
7.7
5.6
7.5
7.0
8.4
1.8
2,558
436
277
158
198
636
250
152
98
175
112
63
211
105
106
432
158
274
856
327
529
113
3
-1
3
17
50
10
3
7
22
17
5
18
9
8
14
6
6
29
16
13
314
233
158
75
53
28
11
11
443
5
2
4
20
215
71
35
35
50
28
22
94
41
54
84
36
48
119
42
76
1,690
194
119
75
109
344
158
103
56
85
52
34
101
56
44
335
115
220
708
269
440
11,576
1,102
542
560
1,352
6,495
2,905
1,465
1,440
2,151
1,215
937
1,439
765
674
1,165
604
561
1,463
507
956
6,873
530
193
337
946
4,806
2,145
1,052
1,093
1,640
904
736
1,022
566
456
465
281
184
124
71
52
59.4
48.1
35.6
60.2
70.1
74.0
73.8
71.8
75.9
76.2
74.4
78.5
71.1
74.0
67.7
39.9
46.5
32.8
8.5
14.1
5.5
5,964
284
94
190
736
4,386
1,856
914
942
1,553
653
700
976
538
437
440
269
171
119
69
50
909
246
99
147
211
422
288
138
151
86
51
36
46
28
19
25
11
14
5
2
3
13.2
46.4
51.4
43.6
22.3
8.8
13.4
13.1
13.8
5.3
5.6
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.1
5.4
4.0
7.4
4.2
(1)
4,703
572
349
223
404
1,688
760
413
347
512
311
201
416
198
218
700
323
377
1,339
436
903
2,682
105
34
71
258
1,217
570
299
271
363
227
136
284
132
152
437
212
226
665
252
413
391
2
1
1,250
241
161
80
59
271
113
62
50
94
53
41
64
37
27
177
80
97
503
138
365
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
18
15
3
0
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ..,
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
O
379
225
153
72
77
77
54
38
16
22
19
3
1
1
10
123
23
14
9
33
11
22
67
28
39
86
32
54
170
46
125
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ....
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ....
50 to 54 years ....
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years .......
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.
27,031
2,647
1,347
1,301
3,209
15,501
6,902
3,437
3,465
5,161
2,908
2,253
3,438
1,876
1,563
2,673
1,406
1,266
3,002
1,142
774
1,086
17,806
1,396
574
822
2,395
12,378
5,521
2,677
1,555
4,225
2,344
1,882
2,632
1,472
1,160
1,318
819
500
320
177
95
47
65.9
52.7
42.6
63.2
74.6
79.9
80.0
77.9
44.9
81.9
80.6
83.5
76.6
78.5
74.2
49.3
58.2
39.5
10.6
15.5
12.3
4.3
15,850
871
329
542
1,961
11,478
4,962
2,393
2,568
4,022
2,205
1,816
2,495
1,391
1,105
1,228
763
465
312
171
93
47
197
21
11
9
18
119
47
30
17
43
19
23
29
11
18
15
13
2
25
12
11
3
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.
12,286
1,311
686
625
1,487
7,060
3,209
1,591
1,618
2,303
1,313
991
1,548
841
707
1,184
632
552
1,244
505
329
410
9,087
747
323
424
1,205
6,257
2,869
1,388
1,481
2,090
1,181
909
1,298
720
578
700
450
250
177
93
51
33
74.0
57.0
47.1
67.9
81.0
88.6
89.4
87.2
91.6
90.7
89.9
91.8
83.9
85.7
81.7
59.1
71.1
45.4
14.3
18.5
15.5
8.0
8,148
494
192
302
1,003
5,829
2,622
1,257
1,365
1,980
1,099
880
1,227
676
552
647
415
231
175
90
51
33
14,746
1,336
660
676
1,722
8,441
3,693
1,846
1,847
2,858
1,595
1,262
1,890
1,035
856
1,488
774
714
1,757
637
445
676
8,720
648
251
398
1,190
6,121
2,651
1,289
1,362
2,135
1,163
973
1,334
752
582
618
369
249
142
84
44
14
59.1
48.5
38.0
58.8
69.1
72.5
71.8
69.8
73.8
74.7
72.9
77.0
70.6
72.7
68.0
41.6
47.7
34.9
8.1
13.1
9.9
2.1
7,702
377
138
239
957
5,649
2,340
1,136
1,203
2,042
1,106
936
1,268
715
553
582
348
234
137
81
42
14
Age and sex
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Not in
labor
force
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
15,653
851
318
532
1,943
11,360
4,915
2,363
2,551
3,979
2,186
1,793
2,466
1,380
1,086
1,213
750
463
286
160
82
44
1,956
524
245
280
434
899
559
284
276
203
137
66
137
82
55
90
55
35
8
5
3
11.0
37.6
42.6
34.0
18.1
7.3
10.1
10.6
17.8
4.8
5.8
3.5
5.2
5.6
4.7
6.8
6.7
7.0
2.5
2.8
3.2
9,225
1,252
773
479
814
3,123
1,381
760
621
936
565
371
806
402
403
1,354
588
766
2,682
965
678
1,039
167
19
11
7
11
106
43
30
13
39
16
22
24
9
15
10
8
2
23
11
9
3
7,980
476
181
295
993
5,723
2,579
1,227
1,352
1,941
1,083
858
1,203
667
536
637
407
229
152
80
42
30
939
253
131
122
201
428
247
131
117
110
81
29
71
45
26
53
35
19
3
3
10.3
33.9
40.6
28.7
16.7
6.8
8.6
9.4
7.9
5.3
6.9
3.2
5.5
6.2
4.5
7.6
7.7
7.5
1.6
3.2
3,199
564
363
201
282
802
339
203
136
213
132
81
249
120
129
484
183
302
1,067
412
278
377
30
2
7,672
375
138
237
950
5,637
2,336
1,136
1,199
2,038
1,103
935
1,263
713
550
576
343
234
134
80
40
14
1,017
271
113
158
233
471
312
153
159
93
56
37
67
37
29
37
21
16
5
2
3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
TOTAL
0
1
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ....
40 to 44 years ....
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ....
50 to 54 years ....
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
14
2
7
13
11.7
41.8
45.2
39.8
19.6
7.7
11.8
11.9
11.7
4.4
4.9
3.8
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.9
5.6
6.4
3.6
2.8
6,026
688
409
278
532
2,321
1,042
557
485
723
433
290
556
282
274
870
405
465
1,615
553
400
662
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
184,562
123,028
66.7
116,209
3,546
112,663
6,819
5.5
61,534
186,329
125,569
67.4
118,719
3,494
115,226
6,850
5.5
60,760
80,526
63,134
78.4
60,350
2,416
57,934
2,784
4.4
17,392
81,592
64,325
78.8
61,688
2,439
59,249
2,636
4.1
17,267
89,502
50,420
56.3
47,972
704
47,268
2,448
4.9
39,082
90,526
51,918
57.4
49,392
684
48,708
2,526
4.9
38,608
14,534
9,474
65.2
7,887
425
7,461
1,588
16.8
5,060
14,211
9,326
65.6
7,639
371
7,268
1,687
18.1
4,885
158,166
106,015
67.0
101,069
3,304
97,764
4,946
4.7
52,151
159,297
107,762
67.6
102,869
3,296
99,573
4,893
4.5
51,535
69,862
55,085
78.8
53,016
2,217
50,800
2,069
3.8
14,777
70,618
55,985
79.3
54,035
2,290
51,744
1,950
3.5
14,632
76,434
42,742
55.9
41,018
681
40,337
1,724
4.0
33,692
77,116
43,847
56.9
42,067
656
41,411
1,780
4.1
33,269
11,870
8,188
69.0
7,034
406
6,628
1,154
14.1
3,682
11,564
7,931
68.6
6,768
350
6,418
1,163
14.7
3,633
20,683
13,231
64.0
11,597
184
11,413
1,634
12.4
7,452
21,012
13,751
65.4
12,023
146
11,877
1,728
12.6
7,261
8,212
6,128
74.6
5,518
149
5,370
610
10.0
2,084
8,363
6,240
74.6
5,653
108
5,545
588
9.4
2,122
10,289
6,043
58.7
5,405
20
5,385
638
10.6
4,246
10,474
6,343
60.6
5,680
21
5,659
663
10.5
4,131
2,182
1,061
48.6
673
15
658
387
36.5
1,122
2,175
1,168
53.7
690
18
672
478
40.9
1,008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Part
time1
Full
time1
Looking
for
full-time
work
Total
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
6,837
4,385
2,452
3,824
2,169
1,656
55.9
49.5
67.5
3,282
1,762
1,520
1,041
362
678
2,241
1,400
841
543
407
136
241
160
81
302
247
55
14.2
18.8
8.2
High school
College
Full-time students ...
Part-time students...
3,381
3,456
2,457
1,000
1,522
2,302
1,448
854
45.0
66.6
58.9
85.4
1,188
2,094
1,308
786
166
875
433
442
1,022
1,219
875
344
334
208
140
68
133
108
74
35
202
100
66
34
22.0
9.0
9.7
8.0
Men, 16 to 24 years.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
3,385
2,219
1,167
1,900
1,111
789
56.1
50.1
67.6
1,613
887
726
575
232
343
1,038
655
383
288
224
63
125
91
34
163
133
29
15.1
20.2
8.0
High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .
1,767
1,618
1,200
418
825
1,076
712
364
46.7
66.5
59.3
87.1
617
996
651
345
113
462
264
198
505
533
386
147
207
80
61
19
84
41
34
7
124
39
27
12
25.1
7.5
8.6
5.3
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
3,452
2,167
1,285
1,924
1,057
867
55.7
48.8
67.5
1,669
875
794
466
130
336
1,203
745
458
255
182
73
116
69
47
139
114
25
13.3
17.3
8.4
High school
College
Full-time students....
Part-time students ...
1,614
1,838
1,257
581
697
1,226
736
490
43.2
66.7
58.6
84.3
570
1,098
657
441
53
413
168
244
517
686
489
197
127
128
79
49
49
67
40
27
78
61
39
22
18.2
10.5
10.7
10.0
5,375
3,429
1,947
3,197
1,816
1,380
59.5
53.0
70.9
2,814
1,535
1,280
890
311
579
1,924
1,223
701
382
282
101
158
100
59
224
182
42
12.0
15.5
7.3
Men
Women.
2,681
2,694
1,607
1,590
59.9
59.0
1,401
1,413
495
395
906
1,018
206
176
84
74
122
102
12.8
11.1
High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students..
2,597
2,779
1,941
838
1,260
1,937
1,222
715
48.5
69.7
62.9
85.3
1,029
1,786
1,118
668
134
756
384
372
895
1,029
734
296
231
151
104
47
83
75
54
21
148
76
49
26
18.4
7.8
8.5
6.6
1,022
730
292
434
263
171
42.4
36.1
58.3
304
161
143
109
37
72
195
124
71
130
102
28
68
48
20
62
55
7
29.9
38.9
16.1
Men
Women .
477
545
197
237
41.3
43.5
129
175
58
51
71
124
68
62
34
34
34
28
34.3
26.3
High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.
606
416
299
118
189
244
142
102
31.3
58.7
47.5
87.0
108
195
113
82
26
83
29
54
83
112
84
28
81
49
29
20
38
30
17
13
43
19
12
7
42.8
20.0
20.1
19.8
773
571
202
343
207
136
44.5
36.3
67.5
271
140
131
199
124
76
25
21
4
48
47
1
21.2
32.5
3.9
Men
Women.
377
396
177
167
46.9
42.2
132
139
103
96
17
8
28
20
25.4
16.7
High school
College
Full-time students ...
Part-time students...
511
262
173
88
165
178
94
84
32.4
68.1
54.2
95.4
110
160
87
74
101
72
30
20
5
4
1
35
13
3
10
33.2
9.9
7.4
12.8
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic oriQin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
16
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time1
Part
time1
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25,464
9,826
15,639
20,486
7,158
13,329
80.5
72.8
85.2
17,970
5,877
12,093
13,550
3,244
10,306
4,420
2,633
1,787
2,517
1,281
1,236
2,008
916
1,092
508
365
144
12.3
17.9
9.3
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
8,371
10,160
5,168
1,766
5,478
8,634
4,735
1,640
65.4
85.0
91.6
92.9
4,347
7,707
4,379
1,536
2,450
6,296
3,446
1,358
1,897
1,411
934
178
1,131
927
355
104
815
813
280
101
316
114
75
3
20.6
10.7
7.5
6.3
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
12,529
4,925
7,604
10,910
3,777
7,133
87.1
76.7
93.8
9,648
3,153
6,495
7,692
1,918
5,774
1,956
1,235
721
1,262
624
638
1,070
483
587
192
141
51
11.6
16.5
9.0
4,381
4,901
2,476
772
3,302
4,532
2,349
727
75.4
92.5
94.9
94.2
2,700
4,085
2,173
1,733
3,539
1,805
614
967
546
368
75
602
447
176
38
474
412
146
38
128
34
29
18.2
9.9
7.5
5.2
12,935
4,900
8,035
9,576
3,381
6,196
74.0
69.0
77.1
8,322
2,724
5,598
5,858
1,326
4,532
2,464
1,398
1,066
1,255
657
598
938
433
505
316
224
92
13.1
19.4
9.6
3,990
5,260
2,692
994
2,175
4,102
2,386
913
54.5
78.0
88.6
91.9
1,647
3,622
2,206
847
716
2,757
1,641
744
930
865
566
103
529
480
180
341
400
134
63
188
80
46
3
24.3
11.7
7.5
7.2
21,069
8,135
12,934
17,323
6,114
11,209
82.2
75.2
86.7
15,605
5,233
10,372
11,881
2,935
8,946
3,724
2,298
1,426
1,718
881
837
1,356
615
740
363
266
97
9.9
14.4
7.5
10,436
10,634
9,252
8,072
88.7
75.9
8,362
7,243
6,771
5,110
1,591
2,133
890
740
616
149
213
9.6
10.3
6,817
8,394
4,308
1,549
4,628
7,272
3,978
1,446
67.9
86.6
92.3
93.4
3,842
6,680
3,731
1,352
2,190
5,531
2,964
1,196
1,652
1,150
766
155
785
592
247
94
554
520
190
91
231
71
57
3
17.0
8.1
6.2
6.5
3,639
1,446
2,193
2,617
904
1,713
71.9
62.6
78.1
1,879
529
1,350
1,297
255
1,042
583
274
309
738
376
362
603
284
319
135
92
44
28.2
41.5
21.2
Men
Women
1,729
1,909
1,376
1,241
79.6
65.0
1,034
846
711
585
322
260
343
395
301
301
41
94
24.9
31.8
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,335
1,517
659
127
718
1,185
593
121
53.8
78.1
90.0
95.2
393
873
501
112
182
654
366
95
211
219
136
17
325
312
92
9
247
273
74
78
39
18
45.3
26.3
15.5
7.5
2,577
817
1,760
1,922
523
1,399
74.6
64.0
79.5
1,655
400
1,255
1,398
275
1,123
257
126
132
267
123
144
226
108
119
40
15
25
13.9
23.5
10.3
Men
Women
1,343
1,235
1,175
747
87.5
60.5
1,044
611
903
494
141
117
131
136
117
110
14
26
11.1
18.2
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,319
922
268
863
756
243
60
65.4
81.9
90.7
705
658
237
55
578
573
196
51
127
85
41
4
158
133
83
6
5
25
15
18.3
12.9
2.5
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
June
1988
June
1989
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
7,902
5,942
701
2,178
3,063
1,960
7,928
5,530
489
1,760
3,281
2,398
7,249
5,665
668
2,058
2,939
1,584
7,299
5,303
471
1,667
3,165
1,996
7,011
5,467
613
1,994
2,860
1,544
7,053
5,121
425
1,600
3,096
1,932
238
198
55
64
79
40
246
182
46
67
69
64
3.3
3.5
8.2
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.4
3.4
9.8
4.0
2.2
3.2
20,367
9,079
6,799
4,489
21,418
9,357
7,404
4,657
19,190
8,596
6,434
4,160
20,290
8,964
6,986
4,340
18,469
8,232
6,202
4,035
19,594
8,607
6,786
4,201
721
364
232
125
357
200
139
3.8
4.2
3.6
3.0
3.4
4.0
2.9
3.2
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
18
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
June 1989
Unemployed
Employed
Part time
Full time
Sex, age, and race
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time
Total
Voluntary1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
99,539
3,606
804
2,802
95,933
10,984
84,949
73,703
11,246
97,801
3,386
749
2,637
94,415
10,712
83,703
72,633
11,070
1,738
220
55
165
1,518
272
1,246
1,070
176
19,180
4,032
2,121
1,911
15,147
2,628
12,519
8,879
3,640
15,505
3,056
1,677
1,379
12,449
1,929
10,520
7,233
3,287
3,675
976
444
532
2,698
699
1,999
1,646
353
5,578
1,076
442
633
4,503
1,174
3,328
2,976
352
1,271
612
390
221
660
198
461
348
113
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
59,606
2,150
57,456
6,116
51,340
44,208
7,132
58,651
2,024
56,627
5,949
50,678
43,645
7,033
955
126
829
167
662
563
99
6,123
1,891
4,232
1,103
3,129
1,612
1,517
4,550
1,386
3,164
743
2,421
1,054
1,367
1,573
505
1,068
360
708
558
150
3,000
574
2,426
621
1,805
1,613
192
484
274
210
81
130
70
60
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
39,933
1,456
38,477
4,868
33,608
29,495
4,114
39,150
1,362
37,788
4,763
33,024
28,988
4,036
783
94
689
105
584
507
78
13,057
2,142
10,915
1,524
9,391
7,266
2,125
10,955
1,670
9,285
1,185
8,099
6,179
1,921
2,102
472
1,630
339
1,292
1,087
204
2,578
502
2,077
553
1,524
1,364
160
787
338
449
118
332
278
53
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
52,417
1,916
50,501
5,351
45,151
38,724
6,427
51,649
1,827
49,822
5,231
44,591
38,252
6,339
768
89
679
120
560
472
88
5,164
1,631
3,534
866
2,668
1,266
1,402
3,984
1,228
2,756
620
2,135
858
1,277
1,180
403
778
246
533
408
125
2,166
378
1,788
446
1,342
1,195
147
379
217
162
55
107
59
48
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
33,684
1,331
32,352
4,174
28,179
24,577
3,601
33,034
1,246
31,788
4,087
27,701
24,160
3,541
650
85
564
87
478
417
60
11,604
1,891
9,714
1,261
8,454
6,536
1,918
9,890
1,464
8,427
999
7,429
5,684
1,745
1,714
427
1,287
262
1,025
852
173
1,757
337
1,421
353
1,067
938
129
591
231
360
84
276
232
43
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,339
195
5,144
575
4,569
4,041
529
5,178
158
5,020
532
4,489
3,969
520
161
37
124
43
80
72
720
212
508
183
327
240
87
383
124
259
79
181
116
65
337
88
249
104
146
124
22
725
179
546
156
390
360
30
95
53
42
22
20
8
12
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,853
97
4,755
539
4,217
3,833
384
4,743
92
4,650
523
4,127
3,753
374
110
5
105
16
90
80
10
1,112
187
925
197
728
552
176
780
151
630
127
502
356
146
332
36
295
70
226
196
30
734
153
582
182
400
379
21
174
93
81
29
53
43
10
White
Black
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according
to whether they usually work full or part time.
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Family relationship
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Percent
of
Number
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
101,672
68.1
95,998
5,674
5.6
47,528
22,049
3,357
2,496
19,626
Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force
40,444
26,122
886
13,435
78.7
92.3
90.3
60.8
39,443
25,581
800
13,061
1,001
541
86
374
2.5
2.1
9.7
2.8
10,918
2,170
95
8,653
163
55
5
103
136
72
2
63
935
323
16
596
9,684
1,721
73
7,891
Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force
29,274
26,382
627
2,266
57.0
66.9
62.6
20.8
28,292
25,581
541
2,170
982
800
86
95
3.4
3.0
13.7
4.2
22,088
13,061
374
8,653
17,316
11,441
322
5,553
212
171
6
35
416
144
2
271
4,144
1,306
45
2,793
Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
15,028
6,191
5,276
3,561
72.2
67.0
85.2
66.3
13,212
5,219
4,737
3,256
1,816
972
539
305
12.1
15.7
10.2
8.6
5,772
3,047
914
1,811
764
145
96
523
1,949
1,432
433
84
365
22
27
316
2,694
1,448
358
888
Women who maintain families
6,771
62.8
6,220
551
8.1
4,005
2,683
129
252
941
Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
6,015
1,803
1,645
2,569
65.8
60.5
79.5
62.6
4,965
1,292
1,408
2,265
1,051
510
237
304
17.5
28.3
14.4
11.8
3,133
1,178
423
1,532
713
110
166
437
739
548
133
58
385
13
16
356
1,297
507
109
681
Men who maintain families
2,182
76.8
2,083
99
4.5
660
50
23
85
502
Relatives in families maintained by men ...,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1,959
365
520
1,074
67.3
60.9
87.8
62.4
1,783
320
474
989
176
45
46
85
9.0
12.4
8.8
7.9
952
234
72
646
360
34
30
296
169
127
15
27
58
3
3
52
365
71
23
271
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women
20
who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
June
1988
June
1989
3,365
1,072
693
1,601
5.8
3.6
6.3
9.8
6.0
3.5
6.4
10.5
2,272
867
460
945
2,348
876
503
969
4.9
3.3
5.5
7.7
4.9
3.3
5.7
8.0
11.9
5.5
10.8
20.0
822
156
175
491
909
153
175
581
12.6
6.5
10.1
20.5
13.2
6.3
9.3
22.5
3.9
2.9
6.1
6.7
3.4
2.5
5.7
6.0
1,776
891
594
291
1,856
897
628
331
4.1
3.3
6.0
4.8
4.1
3.2
6.0
5.3
1,450
807
270
372
3.4
2.7
4.9
5.8
2.9
2.2
4.8
5.1
1,267
739
404
124
1,343
732
454
156
3.5
3.1
5.1
2.7
3.5
2.9
5.4
3.3
409
154
106
149
7.8
4.9
12.9
7.7
5.0
11.0
11.7
448
122
171
154
451
126
162
163
8.6
5.6
10.1
11.8
8.4
5.6
8.9
12.3
June
1988
June
1989
5.0
2.6
5.9
9.9
3,191
1,059
655
1,477
4.5
2.8
5.0
8.4
4.2
2.4
5.0
8.3
819
175
106
539
12.1
5.0
12.9
20.5
2,130
1,159
402
568
1,934
1,003
388
543
White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,638
969
268
402
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
408
147
126
135
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,628
1,234
3,484
1,115
410
1,960
5.3
2.9
6.1
10.2
416
1,978
White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,674
1,034
280
1,360
2,545
889
293
1,363
Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
812
156
128
528
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Unemployment
rates
10.9
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates
Men
Total
Total
Women
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
6,850
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.8
6.0
601
309
292
620
313
307
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.3
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.5
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,478
93
664
721
1,443
95
610
737
4.0
2.7
4.6
3.8
3.8
2.5
4.1
3.8
3.2
2.2
3.3
3.5
2.6
1.7
2.3
3.6
4.5
3.2
5.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
5.9
3.9
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,162
59
70
1,034
1,162
58
59
1,046
7.0
5.9
3.4
7.6
6.9
5.8
2.9
7.6
6.5
O2.5
8.0
6.8
3.9
2.4
8.2
7.3
5.9
8.4
7.5
7.0
5.9
5.9
7.1
711
150
361
200
735
162
391
183
4.8
3.2
6.3
4.7
4.9
3.4
6.7
4.2
4.8
3.2
6.3
4.6
4.8
3.4
6.7
3.7
4.8
3.0
6.0
4.9
5.8
5.4
6.3
5.9
1,409
592
282
535
165
370
1,505
647
266
592
113
478
7.2
6.6
5.4
9.7
15.8
8.3
7.6
7.3
5.2
10.4
11.3
10.1
7.2
6.0
5.7
10.1
16.2
8.4
7.1
5.9
5.1
10.3
11.3
10.1
7.1
7.5
2.6
7.8
(1)
7.6
9.2
9.2
6.5
10.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing
212
209
5.0
5.1
4.7
4.8
6.6
6.7
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1,212
875
219
118
1,143
827
197
120
_
_
_
_
_
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
22
June
1988
June
1989
6,819
O
10.3
_
_
_
_
_
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
Unemployment rates
Men
Total
Total
Women
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
6,850
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.8
6.0
4,822
4,863
5.2
5.2
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.6
59
564
30
556
7.3
8.5
4.0
8.2
8.5
8.7
3.7
8.4
1.8
6.2
5.4
6.7
1,016
568
74
24
14
35
78
108
89
106
55
51
24
15
448
1,076
578
40
40
24
20
83
87
114
127
76
4.6
4.4
9.8
3.2
2.3
4.2
6.0
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.5
3.5
3.2
2.9
4.9
7.8
4.0
6.0
2.5
3.7
2.3
5.2
7.4
4.8
4.4
5.1
5.9
3.4
2.3
6.3
3.3
5.2
4.5
6.0
3.3
2.7
4.7
5.3
6.9
4.9
8.7
3.0
4.4
2.3
5.9
7.0
4.1
4.0
9.8
1.0
1.9
4.4
6.1
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.5
2.8
4.1
7.3
5.2
6.4
1.1
1.8
2.3
4.8
6.3
3.8
3.6
5.6
5.1
2.4
2.2
4.6
2.6
3.9
3.8
5.0
2.9
2.2
3.1
4.1
5.5
3.5
10.5
1.9
3.2
1.4
6.1
4.3
5.6
5.3
9.8
8.5
3.7
2.9
5.8
5.8
5.3
5.4
9.2
2.4
2.9
3.1
5.9
8.8
2.6
5.8
7.9
6.1
2.4
5.9
9.4
6.8
6.5
2.5
8.0
7.7
2.5
12.8
4.0
5.0
2.8
6.1
4.5
6.4
2.6
5.3
3.9
6.9
4.4
5.4
2.8
6.1
3.7
6.7
2.7
4.7
3.1
6.6
3.7
4.5
2.4
5.6
4.0
6.1
2.8
5.5
4.1
6.6
4.0
5.2
2.1
5.1
3.3
5.7
2.7
4.8
2.5
6.4
4.9
6.5
3.4
6.6
5.6
6.7
2.5
5.1
3.8
7.1
5.1
6.1
4.1
7.2
4.7
7.6
2.7
4.7
3.3
6.9
6.7
2.3
7.3
2.5
6.6
2.2
6.4
2.4
7.0
2.4
10.7
2.6
June
1988
June
1989
6,819
142
32
78
21
72
29
47
29
265
189
77
1,410
195
1,215
193
1,314
533
781
133
652
1,212
51
17
26
498
137
36
109
25
85
33
46
29
287
211
75
1,471
167
1,304
201
1,241
436
805
143
701
1,143
11.5
5.2
6.8
7.1
10.0
4.9
3.3
6.1
7.1
9.8
6.6
8.1
6.0
5.9
4.1
5.7
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment
June
1988
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
White
Black
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
1,687
139
21
118
167
554
827
4,946
2,132
592
1,540
679
1,321
813
4,893
1,920
577
1,343
714
1,540
719
1,634
636
117
519
182
473
344
1,728
574
85
489
188
586
380
100.0
12.3
3.6
8.7
8.8
23.8
55.1
100.0
8.2
1.2
7.0
9.9
32.8
49.0
100.0
43.1
12.0
31.1
13.7
26.7
16.4
100.0
39.2
11.8
27.4
14.6
31.5
14.7
100.0
38.9
7.1
31.8
11.1
28.9
21.0
100.0
33.2
4.9
28.3
10.9
33.9
22.0
2.1
1.5
4.0
9.2
1.5
1.8
5.9
8.9
2.1
.6
1.2
.8
1.7
.7
1.4
.7
4.8
1.4
3.6
2.6
4.2
1.4
4.3
2.8
June
1988
June
1988
June
1989
6,819
2,848
726
2,122
884
1,876
1,210
6,850
2,563
679
1,884
947
2,197
1,143
2,784
1,755
417
1,338
368
543
117
2,636
1,523
405
1,118
360
626
127
2,448
897
252
645
377
955
218
2,526
900
253
647
420
1,016
190
1,588
196
57
139
139
378
875
100.0
41.7
10.6
31.1
13.0
27.5
17.8
100.0
37.4
9.9
27.5
13.8
32.1
16.7
100.0
63.1
15.0
48.1
13.2
19.5
4.2
100.0
57.8
15.4
42.4
13.6
23.8
4.8
100.0
36.7
10.3
26.4
15.4
39.0
8.9
100.0
35.6
10.0
25.6
16.6
40.2
7.5
2.3
.7
1.5
1.0
2.0
.8
1.7
.9
2.8
.6
.9
.2
2.3
.6
1.0
.2
1.8
.7
1.9
.4
1.7
.8
2.0
.4
June
1989
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
24
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
June 1989
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 weeks
and over
6,850
100.0
57.0
24.8
18.2
9.4
8.7
2,563
679
1,884
947
2,197
1,143
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.3
58.5
37.8
55.5
64.3
75.0
29.4
25.2
30.9
29.9
21.5
16.9
27.3
16.3
31.3
14.6
14.2
8.2
14.5
9.9
16.2
8.1
7.0
3.6
12.8
6.4
15.1
6.4
7.2
4.5
2,636
100.0
45.4
27.0
27.6
13.4
14.2
1,523
405
1,118
360
626
127
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.5
52.3
34.9
48.8
56.4
52.9
29.2
26.3
30.2
29.1
21.4
23.4
31.4
21.4
35.0
22.1
22.2
23.6
15.2
12.8
16.1
12.3
10.3
9.2
16.2
8.6
18.9
9.8
11.9
14.5
2,526
100.0
54.3
28.7
17.0
9.6
7.4
900
253
647
420
1,016
190
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.2
67.1
36.7
55.4
59.3
67.6
32.1
24.8
35.0
32.3
25.9
19.3
22.6
8.1
28.3
12.3
14.7
13.1
13.9
5.6
17.2
7.2
7.7
4.4
8.7
2.5
11.2
5.1
7.1
8.7
1,687
100.0
79.2
15.6
5.1
3.0
2.2
139
21
118
167
554
827
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.0
14.6
13.4
11.0
0
0
0
O
12.9
3.9
4.2
4.6
11.7
1.5
1.9
2.6
71.3
70.4
82.5
80.1
15.9
25.7
13.3
15.3
2.3
O
1.2
2.4
2.3
2.0
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over .
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
6,819
6,850
100.0
100.0
5,613
5,578
100.0
100.0
3,661
1,631
1,213
417
1,527
732
795
313
483
3,905
1,701
1,281
420
1,243
644
599
232
367
53.7
23.9
17.8
6.1
22.4
10.7
11.7
4.6
7.1
57.0
24.8
18.7
6.1
18.2
9.4
8.7
3.4
5.4
2,747
1,436
1,058
378
1,429
670
759
301
458
2,924
1,479
1,093
386
1,176
610
566
223
343
48.9
25.6
18.8
6.7
25.5
11.9
13.5
5.4
8.2
52.4
26.5
19.6
6.9
21.1
10.9
10.1
4.0
6.1
12.5
4.7
10.5
4.4
13.8
5.3
11.7
4.8
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.
Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
June 1989
Unemployed
less than
5 weeks
Unemployed
15 weeks
and over
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,850
1,687
1,372
1,805
971
549
382
83
3,905
1,337
879
911
402
206
139
30
1,701
264
318
514
300
171
102
33
644
50
108
194
138
75
73
6
599
37
68
186
131
96
68
14
10.5
4.8
7.6
11.8
14.2
17.6
19.5
15.9
4.4
3.2
3.9
5.0
6.9
8.2
10.3
7.3
53.7
75.6
58.9
46.7
40.8
34.3
40.6
53.3
57.0
79.2
64.1
50.5
41.4
37.6
36.2
36.3
22.4
5.9
16.3
26.3
35.2
38.7
38.6
14.8
18.2
5.1
12.8
21.0
27.7
31.2
37.0
24.2
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,484
848
702
912
496
274
204
48
1,844
647
445
420
176
74
63
19
865
152
154
267
145
76
56
16
375
23
66
109
11
53
45
1
400
26
37
117
99
70
40
11
12.4
5.3
7.8
14.0
17.9
23.9
20.5
4.7
3.3
3.9
5.9
9.1
12.2
12.0
48.8
75.8
50.0
42.7
33.8
27.3
35.7
52.9
76.3
63.4
46.0
35.4
27.0
30.8
27.5
5.5
21.3
34.6
40.5
47.9
41.2
22.2
5.7
14.7
24.7
35.5
45.2
41.9
0
0
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,365
839
670
893
474
275
179
35
2,061
690
434
491
226
133
76
11
836
111
164
248
155
95
47
17
269
27
41
85
61
21
28
5
199
11
31
69
32
26
28
3
8.5
4.3
7.3
9.5
10.4
11.3
18.4
O
0
0
O
4.1
3.0
3.9
4.5
5.4
5.3
7.0
61.2
82.2
64.8
55.0
47.7
48.3
42.4
16.6
6.4
11.4
16.6
29.5
27.0
34.3
13.9
4.5
10.8
17.3
19.6
17.2
31.4
0
0
59.3
75.4
67.5
51.5
48.3
43.2
49.0
0
0
0
55.4
49.5
62.4
57.0
52.2
62.2
21.4
27.1
14.7
17.9
22.5
12.9
0
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,893
2,545
2,348
2,789
1,329
1,460
1,229
644
585
486
293
193
389
279
110
10.2
12.4
7.9
4.4
4.8
4.0
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,728
819
909
995
459
536
404
185
220
135
65
71
194
111
82
11.5
12.7
10.4
4.3
4.5
4.2
48.3
45.8
50.8
57.6
56.0
59.0
25.4
30.3
20.5
19.0
21.5
16.8
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,115
410
1,960
489
135
1,220
278
134
453
180
53
142
168
88
145
16.2
18.0
9.1
7.0
9.2
4.0
36.6
38.0
58.7
43.9
32.9
62.2
38.8
38.2
18.2
31.2
34.5
14.6
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,072
693
1,601
598
325
1,138
278
247
312
124
66
79
71
55
74
9.5
10.9
6.9
4.5
5.5
3.5
55.4
50.0
66.2
55.9
46.9
71.0
18.5
23.3
12.2
18.2
17.5
9.5
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
26
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Occupation and industry
Total
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
June June June June
1988 1989 1988 1989
June 1989
OCCUPATION
620
1,443
1,162
735
1,505
209
313
818
702
319
749
131
197
374
259
215
408
43
66
170
91
111
154
9
45
81
110
91
194
25
10.5
8.8
10.3
14.5
13.5
10.3
5.0
4.4
4.1
6.4
5.1
4.0
52.2
51.1
55.8
45.4
41.8
60.7
50.4
56.7
60.4
43.4
49.8
62.7
25.5
22.3
20.1
26.2
32.2
20.6
17.9
17.4
17.3
27.4
23.1
16.6
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
143
565
1,078
580
498
326
1,476
1,731
202
95
242
466
237
229
144
910
990
101
28
158
345
184
161
87
318
464
62
4
89
138
80
58
48
136
140
22
16
76
130
79
50
47
113
135
18
9.6
14.0
13.3
15.0
11.3
14.7
9.7
10.2
9.8
3.8
6.6
6.3
6.8
5.8
6.7
4.1
4.6
5.0
54.4
52.4
39.2
35.7
43.7
41.1
52.6
53.3
49.6
66.5
42.8
43.2
40.8
46.0
44.2
61.6
57.2
49.8
21.7
23.2
36.3
38.7
33.2
29.8
20.9
21.6
29.4
14.1
29.2
24.9
27.5
21.8
29.0
16.8
15.9
19.5
No previous work experience
1,143
857
193
41
52
6.7
3.3
73.7
75.0
9.5
8.2
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY1
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
June 1989
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
Employer
directly
Placed
or
answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
Other
Average
number of
methods
used
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,850
1,687
1,372
1,805
971
549
382
83
5,991
1,627
1,232
1,517
825
427
295
67
19.3
12.0
19.8
22.3
26.1
24.8
15.6
7.2
3.1
7.1
7.7
8.8
12.4
13.2
71.0
76.3
72.6
71.1
65.2
65.6
60.7
37.8
26.8
38.6
42.8
47.2
40.7
42.0
19.5
17.1
17.5
20.5
25.9
16.9
19.7
5.6
5.0
4.4
4.8
6.9
8.7
10.2
O
O
O
O
O
O
1.60
1.40
1.60
1.69
1.80
1.69
1.61
(1)
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,484
848
702
912
496
274
204
48
2,984
821
618
718
413
212
162
39
20.1
14.0
20.4
22.7
26.4
26.4
15.4
6.7
3.4
6.1
7.4
8.2
11.3
9.3
70.9
73.6
72.5
70.8
71.9
65.1
58.0
37.0
26.8
38.5
44.0
42.9
37.3
42.6
22.4
18.6
21.2
23.1
32.2
24.1
17.3
7.0
6.5
4.7
6.1
6.8
13.7
16.0
1.64
1.43
1.63
1.74
1.88
1.78
1.59
O
O
0
O
O
O
O
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,365
839
670
893
474
275
179
35
3,007
806
614
799
411
215
133
28
18.6
10.2
19.2
22.0
25.8
23.7
15.8
7.7
2.6
8.1
8.0
9.5
13.5
18.8
71.1
79.2
72.8
71.3
58.4
66.0
63.9
38.5
26.8
38.6
41.7
51.6
44.7
41.4
16.6
15.8
14.0
18.1
19.5
10.2
22.6
4.2
3.6
4.1
3.6
7.1
4.2
3.0
1.57
1.38
1.57
1.65
1.72
1.62
1.65
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
White, 16 years and over..
Men
Women
4,893
2,545
2,348
4,166
2,114
2,051
18.7
19.8
17.5
7.1
6.2
8.0
71.6
72.2
71.0
40.0
38.8
41.4
19.6
22.3
16.7
6.1
7.1
5.0
1.63
1.66
1.60
Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women
1,728
819
909
1,624
767
858
20.0
19.8
20.0
7.5
7.6
7.3
71.2
70.9
71.6
31.1
30.8
31.4
19.1
22.6
16.0
4.2
6.0
2.7
1.53
1.58
1.49
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
June 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
5,991
1,880
938
2,058
1,115
19.3
23.4
22.2
18.3
12.0
3,484
1,598
447
905
534
2,984
3,365
965
500
3,007
695
500
1,292
609
1,221
591
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,850
2,563
947
2,197
1,143
Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,186
438
836
524
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Other
7.2
8.4
7.6
8.0
3.3
71.0
72.0
68.7
69.0
74.8
37.8
42.5
46.3
35.8
26.3
19.5
23.4
16.1
18.2
18.2
5.6
5.5
4.4
7.2
3.6
1.60
1.75
1.65
1.57
1.38
20.1
23.1
20.5
18.4
15.8
6.7
7.8
5.0
8.6
2.5
70.9
74.1
68.7
66.4
72.3
37.0
41.3
47.9
33.1
24.0
22.4
25.2
20.3
21.8
18.5
7.0
6.7
4.1
10.0
5.0
1.64
1.78
1.67
1.58
1.38
18.6
22.4
23.8
18.2
8.8
7.7
9.4
10.0
7.6
4.2
71.1
68.2
68.6
70.9
77.0
38.5
44.5
44.6
37.4
28.3
16.6
20.1
12.4
15.8
17.9
4.2
3.3
4.6
5.3
2.4
1.57
1.68
1.64
1.55
1.39
1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
28
Average
number of
methods
used
Placed
or
answered
ads
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age
Women
Men
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
116,209
7,887
3,192
4,695
13,772
79,974
33,499
28,075
18,400
11,323
6,844
4,479
3,253
118,719
7,639
2,925
4,714
13,612
82,581
34,012
29,310
19,260
11,509
6,855
4,654
3,378
64,473
4,122
1,688
2,435
7,288
44,475
18,686
15,505
10,284
6,580
3,965
2,615
2,007
65,729
4,040
1,570
2,471
7,220
45,819
19,115
16,054
10,651
6,635
3,921
2,715
2,014
51,736
3,764
1,504
2,260
6,484
35,498
14,813
12,570
8,116
4,743
2,879
1,864
1,247
52,990
3,599
1,355
2,243
6,392
36,762
14,898
13,256
8,608
4,874
2,934
1,940
1,364
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,546
425
212
214
442
1,856
834
580
442
472
250
222
350
3,494
371
201
170
417
1,943
786
682
476
445
225
221
317
2,760
345
169
175
350
1,411
654
427
330
359
186
173
295
2,756
316
178
138
349
1,472
631
474
367
351
175
176
268
785
81
43
38
91
445
181
153
112
113
64
49
55
738
54
23
32
68
473
156
208
109
95
49
45
49
112,663
7,461
2,980
4,481
13,331
78,117
32,665
27,495
17,958
10,850
6,594
4,256
2,903
115,226
7,268
2,724
4,544
13,195
80,638
33,226
28,628
18,784
11,064
6,630
4,434
3,061
61,712
3,778
1,519
2,259
6,938
43,064
18,033
15,078
9,954
6,220
3,779
2,442
1,711
62,973
3,724
1,392
2,332
6,872
44,348
18,484
15,580
10,284
6,284
3,745
2,539
1,746
50,951
3,683
1,461
2,222
6,393
35,054
14,632
12,417
8,004
4,630
2,815
1,814
1,192
52,252
3,544
1,333
2,212
6,324
36,290
14,742
13,048
8,500
4,779
2,885
1,895
1,315
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
June
1988
Total
June
1989
16 years
and over
June
1988
June
1989
Women
20 years
and over
June
1988
June
1989
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
116,209 118,719 64,473 65,729 60,350 61,688 51,736 52,990 47,972 49,392
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
29,181 30,070 16,165 16,609 16,029 16,494 13,016 13,461 12,860 13,312
14,569 14,902 8,765 9,011 8,709 8,965 5,804 5,891 5,741 5,852
249
216
249
222
333
608
358
329
358
555
10,151 10,324 6,523 6,617 6,483 6,577 3,628 3,708 3,580 3,679
1,909 2,036 1,897 2,030 1,954 1,933 1,944 1,924
3,862 3,970
7,400 7,598 7,321 7,529 7,212 7,570 7,119 7,460
14,612 15,168
174
141
174
143
1,929 1,747 1,755 1,745 1,752
1,889
284
260
284
261
814
771
530
510
510
531
110
115
111
295
115
309
309
420
410
295
122
153
122
153
737
638
859
791
638
738
1,936
1,942 1,800
337
2,304
362 1,801
362
333
2,138
251
243
256
246
367
354
356
625
602
369
871 2,413 2,553 2,383 2,505
907
890
3,320 3,444
885
180
159
180
600
159
603
605
785
759
600
3,931 3,987 2,010 2,040 1,960 1,997 1,921 1,947 1,864 1,899
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
35,310 36,661 12,380 12,959 11,626 12,155 22,930 23,702 20,970 21,862
1,763
1,787 1,553
3,388 3,774
1,570
1,986
1,818
1,949
1,758
964 1,032
1,266
1,208
967 1,039
227
241
224
235
244
1,184
225
1,096
249
230
866
911
835
935
1,324
487
1,083
365
499
711
372
687
824
813
13,885 14,288
7,047
6,675 6,838 7,108 5,676 5,984
7,180 6,591
3,813
3,697
1,322
1,236
1,353
2,443
2,460 2,405 2,434 1,254
2,428
2,459
1,041
1,007
1,070
1,056
1,330
1,403
1,357 1,365
1,566
1,507
313
256
323
268
1,222
1,237
1,243
1,239
6,406
6,164
1,674 4,226 4,305 3,145 3,254
1,559
2,101
1,938
76
58
55
33
57
34
24
15
24
20
3,793 3,278 3,531 14,523 14,807 13,741 14,115
18,038 18,599 3,515
416
434
416
438
340
292
339
292
708
778
544
550
574
582
293
278
320
339
913
875
113
102
73 4,735 4,686 4,506 4,503
4,762
75
4,848
201
183
228 2,184 2,228 2,144 2,179
2,464
2,384
236
332
560
301
341
528
319
539
572
913
879
8,273 8,839 2,008 2,278 1,847 2,079 6,265 6,561 5,806 6,141
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
15,390 15,688
942
941
6,129
41
1,944
1,676
4,412
1,969
234
1,726
483
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,087 14,192
4,574
4,582
5,400 5,419
4,200
4,105
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
30
5,318
51
1,563
3,704
1,472
217
1,664
352
9,261
900
294
8,067
3,165
1,771
1,344
1,788
9,312
888
307
8,118
3,296
1,765
1,219
1,838
7,963
688
238
7,036
2,439
1,684
1,246
1,667
8,064
747
256
7,062
2,545
1,668
1,142
1,707
12,855 12,992 12,487 12,587
4,457
4,436 4,346 4,307
5,267 5,308 5,062 5,070
3,132
3,249 3,078 3,211
1,231
124
133
974
1,200
138
111
951
1,203
123
130
950
1,160
138
101
921
18,238 18,218 13,617 13,569 12,279 12,361
4,633
4,741
8,346 8,229 4,976
4,829
6,843 6,768 4,009
3,886 3,840 3,754
2,434
2,502
3,746 3,722 2,577
2,516
1,432 1,370 1,338 1,319
3,097 3,045
1,462
1,503
879
967
900
943
4,861
4,902
4,330
4,481
4,305
4,454
3,602 3,500 3,216
3,034
3,075
3,138
1,361
1,300
1,296
1,265
1,231
1,316
5,128
4,990
4,159
3,232 3,398
4,287
893
876
690
718
833
849
4,236
4,113
3,326 3,437 2,543 2,680
4,622
3,370
2,834
1,169
1,665
536
421
386
35
831
43
787
4,649
3,401
2,882
1,206
1,676
519
407
363
44
841
43
798
4,391
3,273
2,754
1,136
1,618
519
396
365
31
721
41
680
4,408
3,287
2,790
1,179
1,611
497
398
356
42
723
36
687
676
210
466
665
222
443
586
206
380
586
218
368
1,970
12,479 12,801
5,134 5,481
2,004 1,999
3,069 3,057
2,271 2,264
4,003
1,314
2,689
3,890
1,289
2,600
3,327
1,104
2,223
6,375
54
1,638
4,683
2,185
234
1,838
425
3,225
1,068
2,158
5,069
31
1,583
3,455
1,283
220
1,547
405
2,860
1,085
1,776
2,774
1,056
1,718
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women
Men
Total
Occupation and race
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
116,209
100.0
118,719
100.0
64,473
100.0
65,729
100.0
51,736
100.0
52,990
100.0
25.1
12.5
12.6
30.4
2.9
25.3
12.6
12.8
30.9
3.2
12.0
15.7
25.1
13.6
11.5
19.2
2.8
25.3
13.7
11.6
19.7
3.0
10.9
5.8
25.2
11.2
25.4
11.1
14.3
44.7
3.4
13.2
.8
9.5
1.6
10.8
12.0
15.3
6.9
4.1
4.3
3.3
2.6
6.8
19.9
21.1
7.7
7.0
6.5
5.2
101,069
100.0
102,869
100.0
26.1
13.2
13.0
30.8
2.8
12.5
15.4
11.9
.7
1.6
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
11.9
15.5
10.9
5.5
13.9
44.3
3.0
13.2
28.1
13.4
27.9
17.6
1.7
.6
4.9
17.9
1.7
.6
15.6
2.4
8.9
6.5
.8
1.6
1.3
15.3
2.3
8.8
6.4
.8
1.6
1.3
56,663
100.0
57,581
100.0
44,406
100.0
45,288
100.0
26.1
14.3
11.8
19.5
2.8
11.6
5.2
26.4
14.5
11.9
26.3
11.6
8.4
.1
2.4
5.9
20.6
20.2
7.4
6.6
6.2
5.3
19.8
3.1
11.4
5.3
8.7
.1
2.3
26.2
11.7
14.5
45.2
2.9
13.8
28.4
16.5
1.5
.5
15.0
6.8
4.1
4.2
3.6
26.4
13.2
13.1
31.2
3.2
12.6
15.5
12.1
.7
1.6
9.9
12.3
14.5
6.5
3.9
4.1
3.5
6.3
20.3
19.6
7.1
6.4
6.1
5.1
14.4
2.4
8.4
6.0
.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
.6
14.4
2.1
8.1
5.8
.8
1.5
1.4
11,597
100.0
12,023
100.0
5,894
100.0
6,059
100.0
5,703
100.0
5,964
100.0
15.5
7.0
8.5
26.4
3.0
6.6
16.8
24.1
1.8
2.8
19.4
9.3
22.5
10.7
6.2
5.6
2.3
15.6
6.7
8.9
28.3
2.7
8.0
17.6
22.2
1.8
2.6
17.8
9.6
13.5
6.6
6.9
15.5
3.0
4.7
12.8
6.4
17.6
7.5
10.2
37.6
3.0
8.5
26.1
18.4
7.1
16.1
.1
4.4
14.0
16.5
22.5
9.8
6.0
6.7
1.8
31.6
31.8
10.8
11.3
9.5
4.1
9.8
10.9
11.1
3.3
13.2
.8
1.7
10.7
12.1
15.7
7.2
4.2
4.3
3.4
.1
9.7
.1
2.5
7.1
19.8
20.6
7.3
6.8
6.5
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
9.7
12.6
14.7
45.6
3.3
14.0
28.4
16.4
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
7.8
19.3
.2
4.4
14.7
6.4
17.2
1.9
6.4
9.0
18.5
29.0
3.4
1.3
24.3
2.2
13.1
10.6
1.0
1.5
.4
11.4
39.6
3.6
9.6
26.3
26.0
3.6
.8
21.7
2.6
13.0
9.9
1.0
2.1
.3
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
June 1989
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex
Wage and salary workers
Total
Private
household Government
workers
Other
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
106,357
7,184
2,691
4,492
12,881
31,358
25,858
16,899
9,763
5,914
3,849
2,414
1,220
190
111
79
153
252
171
166
170
95
75
119
16,881
405
158
247
1,118
4,080
5,196
3,563
2,105
1,268
837
415
88,256
6,588
2,422
4,166
11,610
27,027
20,491
13,171
7,489
4,552
2,937
1,880
8,613
74
24
49
301
1,824
2,700
1,824
1,270
696
574
621
255
11
9
2
13
43
70
61
31
20
11
26
1,818
282
153
129
349
488
324
178
137
68
69
60
1,504
50
27
23
49
278
316
276
297
148
150
237
172
38
22
17
19
20
41
22
11
9
2
20
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
57,275
3,669
1,378
2,291
6,669
17,331
13,834
9,093
5,381
3,244
2,136
1,299
201
42
25
16
29
59
21
18
22
7
15
9
8,036
213
88
125
489
1,977
2,376
1,729
1,037
611
426
216
49,038
3,414
1,264
2,150
6,151
15,295
11,437
7,346
4,321
2,626
1,695
1,073
5,661
49
8
40
195
1,147
1,743
1,189
901
499
403
437
38
7
6
1
8
6
2
2
3
3
10
1,450
243
134
109
290
393
225
145
105
52
53
49
1,234
44
27
17
45
233
238
217
246
124
123
211
71
29
18
11
13
5
10
6
-
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
49,082
3,515
1,314
2,201
6,212
14,027
12,024
7,806
4,383
2,670
1,713
1,116
1,019
148
86
63
124
192
150
148
147
87
60
110
8,845
192
70
122
629
2,103
2,820
1,834
1,068
657
411
199
39,218
3,174
1,158
2,016
5,459
11,732
9,054
5,824
3,168
1,926
1,242
807
2,952
25
16
9
106
678
957
635
368
197
171
184
218
4
3
2
5
37
68
59
28
17
11
16
368
39
19
20
58
95
99
33
32
16
16
11
270
6
6
4
45
78
59
51
24
27
26
100
9
4
5
6
15
31
16
12
9
3
11
32
9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
June 1989
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
Total
Executive,
TechniemAdminisadminiscians
ployed
trative Private
Profestrative,
Other
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
including hold
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial
3,494
773
8,251
21,943
12,913
9,030
85
112
1,032
2,495
1,458
1,038
70
54
149
1,902
1,315
586
8,120
24,575
4,689
19,886
935
2,085
519
1,565
464
448
77
371
8,099
37,887
1,226
36,661
23,589
5,577
2,081
4,823
11
4,811
2,624
1,253
190
11,113
11
11,102
9,682
777
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
and
equipment
ators,
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
helpers,
blers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors
29
5
74
707
276
431
116
99
495
2,541
1,408
1,133
9
7
34
329
191
139
56
245
4,698
4,187
2,889
1,297
11
40
84
6,768
3,722
3,045
48
138
608
894
458
437
20
26
994
1,258
612
646
3,027
1
38
79
73
6
271
385
125 10,231
44 1,851
81 8,380
2,182
2,367
824
1,543
263
4,633
50
4,583
1,271
1,519
302
1,217
149
309
146
162
1,709
945
480
464
478
1,855
375
1,480
13
59
20
39
1,848
979
2
977
131
30
3,247
6,113
16
6,097
4,257
1,439
268
7,882
93
7,787
4,250
1,319
148
1,819
13
1,807
387
250
15
839
17
449
6
443
231
53
15
405
15
390
105
76
95
508
109
399
96
70
21
46
45
782
510
271
175
2,015
6
2,009
1,600
293
942
942
839
225
15
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1
Total
Reason not working and sex
June
1988
Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons
7,758
5,280
1,321
23
26
1,108
June
1989
7,951
5,383
1,246
115
45
1,161
Paid absences
June
1988
June
1989
7,623
5,220
1,306
14
25
1,057
7,877
5,356
1,231
97
45
1,148
Unpaid absences
June
1988
June
1989
June
1988
June
1989
4,235
3,420
544
4,280
3,407
558
2,729
1,470
633
3,010
1,646
595
271
315
626
770
Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
3,395
2,193
689
514
3,469
2,277
621
571
3,298
2,155
676
466
3,409
2,255
607
546
1,976
1,588
285
102
1,989
1,600
274
115
956
410
303
242
1,096
504
278
313
Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
4,363
3,087
632
645
4,483
3,106
626
751
4,325
3,064
630
631
4,468
3,101
623
744
2,260
1,832
258
169
2,292
1,807
284
200
1,773
1,060
329
384
1,915
1,140
316
458
1
Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2
3
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
June 1989
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours .
30 to 34 hours
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
. . .
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours .
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours . ..
60 hours and over ..
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
110,768
3,420
107,348
100.0
100.0
100.0
25,068
870
3,940
12,627
7,631
926
51
223
436
216
24,139
818
3,717
12,190
7,414
22.6
.8
3.6
11.4
6.9
27.1
1.5
6.5
12.7
6.3
22.5
.8
3.5
11.4
6.9
85,702
7,290
44,842
33,570
11,510
12,622
9,438
2,494
128
666
1,700
225
513
962
83,209
7,162
44,176
31,871
11,286
12,109
8,476
77.4
6.6
40.5
30.3
10.4
11.4
8.5
72.9
3.7
19.5
49.7
6.6
15.0
28.1
77.5
6.7
41.2
29.7
10.5
11.3
7.9
39.8
43.8
45.3
52.4
39.6
43.5
-
A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
34
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
25,068
7,656
17,411
24,139
7,369
16,771
5,413
2,223
50
321
106
2,713
1,738
1,261
50
321
106
-
3,675
962
_
5,199
2,105
50
314
104
2,625
1,668
1,199
50
314
104
-
3,531
906
-
19,655
10,860
2,093
1,321
746
17
150
1,888
2,578
5,919
2,093
1,172
746
17
150
_
1,740
13,736
10,860
149
_
5,701
2,058
1,152
628
17
150
1,696
13,240
10,504
136
-
_
1,888
838
18,941
10,504
2,058
1,288
628
17
150
1,833
2,462
22.1
21.6
24.3
25.4
21.1
20.0
22.2
21.6
24.2
25.5
21.3
20.0
1,778
5,853
784
2,844
994
3,009
1,719
5,695
746
2,775
973
2,920
_
2,713
2,625
1,833
766
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Industry
Total, 16 years and over
Total
at
work
On part
time
for
economic
reasons
40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
107,348
5,199
13,240
88,909
57,038
11,286
20,585
39.6
43.5
99,015
4,768
11,777
82,470
54,194
10,720
17,556
39.4
43.1
662
24
16
622
344
73
205
44.8
46.5
6,427
439
270
5,718
3,800
682
1,236
40.3
42.6
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
20,561
12,157
8,403
497
166
331
611
256
354
19,453
11,735
7,718
12,245
7,298
4,947
3,229
1,925
1,304
3,979
2,512
1,467
42.2
42.7
41.5
43.4
43.5
43.2
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
7,250
21,504
7,129
177
1,786
134
383
4,374
707
6,690
15,344
6.288
4,193
9,361
4,327
843
2,224
758
1,654
3,759
1,203
42.5
37.5
39.8
44.2
43.9
42.4
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
30,253
1,172
29,081
5,230
1,657
244
1,413
54
5,151
438
4,713
267
23,445
490
22,955
4,909
16,291
287
16,004
3,632
2,415
60
2,355
497
4,739
143
4,596
780
37.5
28.5
37.9
40.8
42.6
46.2
42.5
42.2
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,078
255
421
9
1,373
90
6,284
156
2,754
91
561
5
2,969
60
41.6
37.0
48.3
46.1
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Total
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
or less
41 hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
107,348
6,917
2,540
4,377
100,431
12,681
87,750
57,465
27,527
2,759
5,199
1,147
475
673
4,052
941
3,111
2,055
948
106
13,240
2,692
1,452
1,239
10,548
1,771
8,777
4,696
2,782
1,300
88,909
3,078
613
2,465
85,831
9,969
75,862
50,714
23,797
1,353
57,038
2,428
497
1,930
54,611
6,961
47,650
31,268
15,411
973
31,871
650
116
535
31,220
3,008
28,212
19,446
8,386
380
39.6
28.8
23.1
32.1
40.3
38.1
40.7
41.2
40.6
29.5
43.5
40.4
39.2
40.7
43.6
42.3
43.8
43.8
43.7
42.4
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
59,564
3,557
1,317
2,240
56,007
6,655
49,351
32,252
15,525
1,574
2,366
592
266
325
1,775
504
1,270
888
325
58
3,782
1,171
654
518
2,610
668
1,943
675
613
655
53,416
1,794
397
1,397
51,622
5,483
46,138
30,689
14,587
861
30,380
1,363
314
1,050
29,018
3,474
25,543
16,570
8,395
579
23,036
431
83
347
22,604
2,009
20,595
14,119
6,192
282
42.5
30.3
24.8
33.6
43.3
40.0
43.7
44.4
43.6
31.5
45.0
40.8
39.4
41.2
45.1
43.7
45.3
45.5
45.1
43.4
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
47,784
3,359
1,223
2,137
44,425
6,026
38,399
25,213
12,001
1,185
2,832
556
208
347
2,277
436
1,840
1,168
623
49
9,458
1,521
799
722
7,938
1,103
6,835
4,020
2,169
645
35,494
1,282
216
1,068
34,210
4,487
29,724
20,025
9,209
491
26,659
1,063
183
881
25,594
3,489
22,106
14,698
7,016
392
8,835
219
33
187
8,616
998
7,618
5,327
2,193
99
35.9
27.2
21.3
30.5
36.6
36.0
36.7
37.2
36.6
26.9
41.3
39.9
38.9
40.1
41.3
40.7
41.4
41.5
41.4
40.7
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
92,640
51,962
40,677
4,139
1,821
2,318
11,797
3,308
8,490
76,704
46,833
29,869
47,799
25,754
22,045
28,905
21,079
7,824
39.8
42.9
35.8
43.8
45.3
41.4
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
11,130
5,637
5,492
904
468
436
1,031
315
716
9,195
4,854
4,340
7,082
3,469
3,613
2,113
1,385
727
38.0
39.8
36.3
41.5
42.8
40.2
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
37,176
6,013
16,375
818
255
1,293
1,314
275
2,192
35,044
5,483
12,890
18,932
3,077
8,374
16,112
2,406
4,516
44.1
43.1
38.6
45.5
45.2
43.4
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
25,661
9,376
12,746
1,140
537
1,154
5,654
1,124
2,680
18,867
7,715
8,912
14,415
5,535
6,709
4,452
2,180
2,203
35.5
38.3
35.0
41.0
42.0
41.3
RACE
MARITAL STATUS
36
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 1989
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules
O n full-timei schedules
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
O n part
time for
economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part
time
106,991
5,117
27,150
14,103
13,047
34,608
3,573
13,550
17,485
14,632
900
1,810
11,922
13,453
17,149
7,821
4,486
4,842
Total
at
work
Total
40
hours
or less
13,184
88,690
56,819
11,242
20,629
39.6
43.5
512
158
355
1,418
83
822
513
1,563
155
81
1,327
542
1,082
362
193
527
2,205
663
1,542
5,758
337
2,571
2,850
3,554
345
139
3,070
489
1.179
292
245
642
24,432
13,282
11,150
27,431
3,153
10,156
14,122
9,515
400
1,590
7,525
12,422
14,889
7,167
4,048
3,674
13,639
6,820
6,819
18,813
2,165
5,470
11,178
6,859
234
922
5,704
7,725
9,783
5,050
2,114
2,619
2,981
1,693
1,288
3,302
470
1,331
1,500
990
50
269
670
1,845
2,125
1,065
561
499
7,813
4,770
3,043
5,316
517
3,355
1,444
1,666
116
399
1,151
2,853
2,981
1,052
1,374
555
42.5
44.6
40.2
38.1
39.9
39.2
36.9
34.8
29.4
42.3
34.1
41.9
40.4
40.7
43.8
36.9
45.0
46.1
43.7
42.6
42.3
45.4
40.8
42.6
46.2
45.5
41.8
43.6
43.2
42.2
46.3
41.8
59,130
2,295
3,698
53,137
30,146
7,269
15,722
42.6
45.0
15,520
8,588
6,932
12,408
1,881
6,909
3,618
6,023
49
1,523
4,451
12,312
12,866
4,619
4,175
4,072
218
76
141
342
42
206
94
513
3
74
437
500
722
137
167
419
613
225
388
1,085
101
614
369
885
5
81
799
360
755
109
156
490
14,689
8,287
6,402
10,982
1,738
6,089
3,155
4,626
41
1,369
3,215
11,452
11,389
4,373
3,852
3,164
7,055
3,652
3,403
5,875
1,105
2,621
2,149
3,111
20
774
2,317
6,996
7,109
2,911
1,985
2,212
1,788
1,038
750
1,572
250
858
463
532
_
225
307
1,727
1,650
680
534
437
5,846
3,597
2,249
3,535
384
2,609
542
983
21
371
591
2,729
2,630
781
1,333
515
45.3
46.6
43.7
42.7
42.0
44.4
39.8
38.6
(2)
43.5
36.8
42.2
41.4
42.0
44.5
37.5
46.8
47.5
45.8
45.6
43.8
47.6
42.7
44.0
(2)
46.0
42.9
43.8
43.9
43.0
46.4
42.0
47,862
2,822
9,487
35,552
26,673
3,973
4,907
35.9
41.3
11,630
5.515
6,115
22,199
1,692
6,641
13,867
8,608
851
286
7,471
1,141
4,283
3,202
311
770
295
81
213
1,077,
41
616
419
1,050
152
7
890
42
359
225
27
108
1,592
438
1,154
4,673
236
1,957
2,480
2,669
340
58
2,271
129
424
183
89
152
9,743
4,995
4,748
16,449
1,414
4,068
10,968
4,889
359
221
4,310
971
3,500
2,794
196
510
6,583
3,168
3,416
12,938
1,060
2,849
9,029
3,748
214
148
3,387
728
2,675
2,139
128
408
1,192
654
538
1,730
221
472
1,037
458
50
44
363
118
474
385
27
62
1,967
1.173
794
1,781
133
746
902
683
95
28
560
124
351
270
41
40
38.7
41.5
36.2
35.5
37.5
33.7
36.2
32.1
28.2
36.4
32.4
38.3
37.6
38.8
34.7
34.0
42.3
43.6
41.0
40.7
40.6
42.0
40.2
41.4
45.0
42.4
41.0
41.3
41.0
40.9
43.4
40.6
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
1989
Employment status and sex
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
186,247
123,209
66.2
116,686
62.7
1,685
115,001
3,121
111,880
6,523
5.3
63,038
186,402
123,331
66.2
116,707
62.6
1,673
115,034
3,060
111,974
6,624
5.4
63,071
186,522
123,692
66.3
116,895
62.7
1,692
115,203
3,142
112,061
6,797
5.5
62,830
186,666
123,688
66.3
117,074
62.7
1,704
115,370
3,176
112,194
6,614
5.3
62,978
186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112,335
6,518
5.3
63,023
186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734
187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009
3,193
112,816
6,554
5.3
62,839
187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62,216
187,461
124,865
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596
187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633
187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365
187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571
187,995
125,768
66.9
119,207
63.4
1,666
117,541
3,096
114,445
6,561
5.2
62,228
89,367
68,436
76.6
64,894
72.6
1,523
63,371
3,542
5.2
20,931
89,445
68,461
76.5
64,941
72.6
1,512
63,429
3,520
5.1
20,984
89,504
68,685
76.7
64,931
72.5
1,529
63,402
3,754
5.5
20,819
89,577
68,604
76.6
65,015
72.6
1,540
63,475
3,589
5.2
20,973
89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2
21,068
89,716
68,686
76.6
65,074
72.5
1,542
63,532
3,612
5.3
21,030
89,792
68,638
76.4
65,055
72.5
1,534
63,521
3,583
5.2
21,154
89,914
69,032
76.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4
20,882
89,973
69,113
76.8
65,572
72.9
1,521
64,051
3,540
5.1
20,860
90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1,521
64,399
3,270
4.7
20,842
90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
64,246
3,593
5.2
20,734
90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9
21,053
90,237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9
20,730
96,880
54,773
56.5
51,792
53.5
162
51,630
2,981
5.4
42,107
96,957
54,870
56.6
51,766
53.4
161
51,605
3,104
5.7
42,087
97,018
55,007
56.7
51,964
53.6
163
51,801
3,043
5.5
42,011
97,089
55,084
56.7
52,059
53.6
164
51,895
3,025
5.5
42,005
97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3
41,955
97,234
55,529
57.1
52,578
54.1
163
52,415
2,951
5.3
41,705
97,306
55,621
57.2
52,650
54.1
162
52,488
2,971
5.3
41,685
97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52,921
3,006
5.4
41,336
97,488
55,752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2,787
5.0
41,736
97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
5.1
41,792
97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52,866
2,953
5.3
41,631
97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
41,518
97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6
41,497
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
38
Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1988
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1989
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
184,562 184,729 184,830 184,962 185,114 185,244 185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181 186,329
121,524 121,658 122,000 121,984 122,091 122,510 122,563 123,428 123,181 123,264 123,659 123,610 124,102
66.6
66.5
66.4
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.1
66.0
66.1
66.0
66.0
65.9
65.8
115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541
63.0
63.1
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.9
62.6
62.4
62.6
62.3
62.3
62.4
62.3
6,546 6,395 6,561
6,328 6,128
6,563 6,554 6,716
6,518
6,523 6,624 6,797 6,614
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
80,526
62,669
77.8
59,780
74.2
2,231
57,549
2,889
4.6
17,857
80,608
62,729
77.8
59,897
74.3
2,252
57,645
2,832
4.5
17,879
80,669
62,916
78.0
59,839
74.2
2,273
57,566
3,077
4.9
17,753
80,751
62,884
77.9
59,979
74.3
2,249
57,730
2,905
4.6
17,867
80,851
62,915
77.8
60,004
74.2
2,315
57,689
2,911
4.6
17,936
80,924
62,995
77.8
59,999
74.1
2,313
57,686
2,996
4.8
17,929
81,001
63,002
77.8
60,049
74.1
2,292
57,757
2,953
4.7
17,999
81,162
63,358
78.1
60,420
74.4
2,277
58,143
2,938
4.6
17,804
81,256
63,490
78.1
60,636
74.6
2,320
58,316
2,853
4.5
17,766
81,333
63,557
78.1
60,869
74.8
2,317
58,552
2,688
4.2
17,776
81,413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6
17,704
81,524
63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3
18,021
81,592
63,831
78.2
61,093
74.9
2,256
58,837
2,737
4.3
17,761
89,502
50,690
56.6
48,205
53.9
626
47,579
2,485
4.9
38,812
89,588
50,807
56.7
48,242
53.8
549
47,693
2,565
5.0
38,781
89,670
50,959
56.8
48,492
54.1
609
47,883
2,467
4.8
38,711
89,735
50,991
56.8
48,535
54.1
638
47,897
2,456
4.8
38,744
89,807
51,201
57.0
48,788
54.3
640
48,148
2,413
4.7
38,606
89,887
51,558
57.4
49,113
54.6
640
48,473
2,445
4.7
38,329
89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7
38,367
90,072
51,998
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7
38,074
90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
48,849
2,306
4.5
38,332
90,242
51,851
57.5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6
38,391
90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929
2,448
4.7
38,326
90,432
52,171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8
38,261
90,526
52,231
57.7
49,661
54.9
610
49,051
2,570
4.9
38,295
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,534 14,533 14,491 14,477 14,456 14,433 14,447 14,410 14,367 14,323 14,293 14,224 14,211
7,856 7,958 7,936 8,040
7,871
8,109
8,165
8,125
8,122
7,975 7,957 7,974 8,071
56.6
55.8
55.7
54.9
54.8
56.0
56.2
55.2
55.1
55.2
56.0
55.9
56.1
6,726 6,786
7,016
6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812
6,895 6,872 6,856 6,781
47.8
47.3
47.7
47.4
46.7
46.8
47.4
47.0
47.4
46.9
47.4
47.4
48.3
230
237
200
224
307
237
259
264
255
285
283
260
289
6,466 6,559 6,575 6,526 6,556
6,752 6,636 6,612
6,567 6,498 6,550 6,540 6,441
1,254
1,146
1,210
1,073
1,179
1,194
1,149
1,168
1,323
1,122
1,253
1,227
1,253
15.6
14.4
15.2
13.7
16.4
14.1
15.4
14.1
14.8
14.8
15.0
15.1
15.5
6,476 6,473 6,339 6,496 6,467 6,335 6,288 6,171
6,366 6,368 6,481
6,369 6,411
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1988
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1989
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
58,166 58,279 58,340 58,422 58,524 58,603 58,705 58,865 58,947 59,020 59,098 59,200 59,297
04,716 04,651 05,013 05,036 05,051 05,395 05,411 06,106 05,798 05,988 06,312 06,164 06,455
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.8
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.2
66.3
66.3
66.1
99,902 99,761 99,907 00,058 00,199 00,543 00,567 01,183 01,278 01,554 01,458 01,465 01,693
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.9
63.7
63.7
63.4
63.4
63.2
63.1
63.0
63.2
63.2
4,699 4,762
4,854
4,434
4,521
4,844 4,923
4,852
4,814 4,890 5,106
4,978 4,852
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54,658 54,712 54,864 54,839 54,861 54,922 54,898 55,213 55,308 55,382 55,448 55,249 55,557
78.7
78.3
78.7
78.6
78.6
78.5
78.2
78.4
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.2
52,475 52,557 52,487 52,579 52,612 52,624 52,636 53,007 53,197 53,387 53,246 53,248 53,500
75.8
75.5
75.5
75.8
75.6
75.4
75.0
75.0
75.1
75.1
75.0
75.2
75.1
2,057
2,202 2,001
1,995
2,111
2,205
2,249
2,183 2,155
2,298 2,262
2,377 2,260
3.7
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
42,955 42,958 43,149 43,191 43,298 43,625 43,644 43,936 43,770 43,780 44,016 44,084 44,050
57.1
57.2
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2
56.4
56.9
56.5
56.4
56.2
56.2
41,201 41,124 41,378 41,413 41,583 41,889 41,930 42,201 42,177 42,115 42,207 42,282 42,236
54.8
54.9
54.8
54.7
54.8
54.9
54.6
54.1
54.6
54.2
54.1
53.8
53.9
1,814
1,803
1,810
1,665
1,593
1,734
1,714
1,778
1,736
1,715
1,771
1,834
1,754
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
7,103
59.8
6,226
52.5
877
12.3
13.2
11.4
6,981
58.9
6,080
51.3
901
12.9
14.3
11.4
7,000
59.2
6,042
51.1
958
13.7
13.9
13.5
7,006
59.4
6,066
51.4
940
13.4
14.5
12.3
6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3
6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3
6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8
6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7
6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.
6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.
10.
6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5
6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.;
6,848
59.2
5,957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20,683 20,715 20,736 20,762 20,786 20,811 20,842 20,877 20,905 20,930 20,956 20,986 21,012
13,066 13,283 13,236 13,201 13,290 13,330 13,405 13,477 13,476 13,425 13,287 13,444 13,600
64.7
64.1
63.4
64.1
64.5
64.6
64.3
64.1
64.1
63.8
63.2
63.6
63.9
11,543 11,761 11,733 11,758 11,807 11,831 11,856 11,860 11,873 11,961 11,846 11,968 11,982
57.0
57.0
56.5
57.1
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.8
56.8
55.8
56.6
56.6
56.8
1,618
1,476
1,442
1,464
1,603
1,617
1,549
1,499
1,523
1,522
1,443
1,503
1,483
11.9
11.0
10.8
10.9
11.9
12.0
11.6
11.7
11.;
11.4
10.9
11.5
11.;
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,084
74.1
5,480
66.7
604
9.9
6,080
73.9
5,495
66.8
585
9.6
6,131
74.5
5,539
67.3
59;
9.7
6,117
74.
5,563
67.
554
9.1
6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6
6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8
6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0
6,226
75.0
5,576
67.
650
10.4
6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5
6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8
6,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
61
10.0
6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4
6,200
74.1
5,619
67.2
581
9.4
6,09'
59.3
5,449
53.0
648
10.6
6,286
61.0
5,640
54.
646
10.3
6,188
60.0
5,571
54.0
617
10.0
6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7
6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8
6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
61
9.8
6,316
60.9
5,654
54.!
66;
10.5
6,369
61.
5,706
54.9
663
10.4
6,349
61.0
5,69"
54/
651
10J
6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1
6,227
59.6
5,67
54.3
550
8.8
6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5
6,405
61.2
5,732
54.7
674
10.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
40
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1988
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1989
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
885
40.6
614
28.1
271
30.6
31.5
29.6
917
42.0
626
28.7
291
31.7
31.2
32.4
917
42.0
623
28.5
294
32.1
32.1
32.0
910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9
899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6
904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9
910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3
881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0
928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6
880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8
889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2
897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4
994
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,306 13,344 13,381 13,419 13,458 13,495 13,533 13,564 13,606 13,649 13,690 13,731 13,772
9,009 8,997 8,963 9,061 9,075 9,148 9,133 9,205 9,219 9,210 9,262 9,428 9,272
67.7
67.0
67.4
67.4
67.9
67.8
67.5
67.5
68.7
67.8
67.3
67.7
67.5
8,222 8,265 8,214 8,378 8,368 8,419 8,441 8,434 8,596 8,607 8,495 8,686 8,524
61.4
61.8
62.2
61.9
62.4
62.4
62.4
62.2
61.9
63.2
63.3
62.1
63.1
787
749
707
729
732
692
771
683
748
624
742
767
603
8.7
8.4
7.8
8.0
8.1
7.6
8.4
7.5
6.8
8.1
7.9
8.3
6.5
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989
1988
Category
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,,113 117,215 117,541
40,493 40,518 40,511 40,513 40,504 40,407 40,483 40,925 40,928 41,083 40,890 40,902 41,102
28,678 28,669 28,809 28,836 28,890 28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412 29,569 29,656 29,739 29,481
6,243 6,331 6,403
6,130 6,170 6,280 6,253 6,344 6,375 6,399 6,416 6,385
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricuitural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
.'
1,583
1,375
161
1,572
1,362
149
1,607
1,411
158
1,612
1,421
137
1,661
1,405
177
1,672
1,450
125
1,698
1,349
149
1,684
1,387
189
1,645
1,419
150
1,656
1,403
138
1,554
1,419
124
1,610
1,358
127
1,550
1,412
126
102,953
17,049
85,904
1,146
84,758
8,536
297
103,189
17,031
86,158
1,132
85,026
8,531
251
103,207
17,111
86,096
1,128
84,968
8.508
241
103,501
17,145
86,356
1,119
85,237
8,570
230
103,733
17,240
86,493
1,152
85,341
8,479
232
103,770
17,387
86,383
1,209
85,174
8,619
300
103,904
17,423
86,481
1,210
85,271
8,602
266
104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298
104,797
17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285
104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332
104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281
105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
8,516
322
105,519
17,261
88,259
1,140
87,118
8,570
241
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,302 5,341 5,192 5,097 4,963 5,061 5,321 5,097 4,981 4,968 5,143 4,837 4,957
2,346 2,471 2,315 2,266 2,220 2,279 2,549 2,302 2,303 2,232 2,373 2,296 2,318
2,586 2,538 2,473 2,389 2,399 2,375 2,410 2,352 2,333 2,393 2,425 2,343 2,289
14,612 15,026 14,999 15,270 15,161 15,446 15,363 15,401 15,126 15,561 15,498 15,316 15,416
Nonagricuitural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,073 5,102 4,972 4,862 4,727 4,819 5,033 4,837 4,697 4,709 4,930 4,609 4,801
2,183 2,334 2,171 2,102 2,095 2,116 2,377 2,144 2,105 2,048 2,243 2,102 2,190
2,504 2,493 2,408 2,317 2,319 2,288 2,307 2,283 2,272 2,317 2,369 2,301 2,236
14,180 14,606 14,564 14,819 14,679 14,986 14,928 14,970 14,688 15,127 15,060 14,976 14,977
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989
1988
Sex and age
June
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
Mar.
May
June
115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541
20,338 20,137 20,123
6,895 6,872
7,016
2,797 2,700 2,671
4,203 4,182 4,148
13,322 13,242 13,251
94,683 94,979 95,145
80,111 80,456 80,608
14,556 14,514 14,583
20,050 19,930 19,877 19,852
6,856 6,781 6,835 6,795
2,669 2,689 2,770 2,686
4,090 4,045 4,150
4,195
13,194 13,149 13,042 13,057
95,332 95,619 96,062 96,151
80,697 80,950 81,242 81,399
14,664 14,690 14,790 14,771
19,741 19,797 19,996 19,899
6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812
2,563 2,639 2,639
2,602
4,163 4,186 4,177
4,125
12,993 13,095 13,213 13,088
96,988 97,020 97,125 97,167
82,036 82,160 82,165 82,204
14,924 14,803 14,933 14,928
19,784 19,959
6,726 6,786
2,593 2,526
4,221
4,123
13,059 13,173
97,384 97,602
82,436 82,721
14,948 14,863
63,371 63,429 63,402 63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051 64,399 64,246 64,202 64,609
10,550
3,591
1,415
2,171
6,959
52,818
44,287
8,529
10,441 10,475 10,401 10,303 10,379 10,288 10,198 10,377 10,530 10,385 10,243 10,412
3,530 3,489 3,403 3,515
3,532 3,563 3,496 3,446 3,533 3,472 3,370 3,415
1,392 1,395 1,397 1,404 1,433 1,385 1,270 1,298 1,377 1,338 1,304 1,296
2,133 2,126 2,106 2,040 2,105 2,135 2,088 2,134 2,179 2,149 2,089 2,206
6,909 6,912 6,905 6,857 6,846 6,816 6,828 6,962 7,000 6,896 6,839 6,897
53,016 52,983 53,072 53,136 53,152 53,227 53,573 53,659 53,897 53,842 53,949 54,222
44,509 44,471 44,577 44,669 44,712 44,779 45,001 45,091 45,278 45,163 45,398 45,619
8,524 8,514 8,502 8,482 8,436 8,470 8,563 8,536 8,603 8,643 8,543 8,589
51,630 51,605 51,801
51,895
9,648
3,309
9,649
3,360
9,788
3,425
9,696
3,363
52,123 52,415 52,488 52,921 52,802 52,737 52,866 53,013 52,932
9,627
3,335
1,285
2,050
9,498
3,302
1,337
1,940
9,564
3,323
9,543
3,378
9,420
3,287
1,265
1,332
1,301
1,272
1,276
1,308
1,382
2,029
2,037
2,01
2,089
2,022
2,049
2,032
6,241 6,165 6,133
6,363 6,333 6,339 6,289 6,292 6,196
41,865 41,963 42,162 42,260 42,483 42,910 42,924 43,415 43,361
35,824 35,947 36,137 36,120 36,281 36,530 36,620 37,035 37,069
6,027 5,990 6,069 6,162 6,208 6,354 6,301 6,361 6,267
9,466 9,515 9,541 9,547
3,253 3,323 3,322 3,271
1,262 1,301 1,289 1,230
2,007 2,028 2,034 2,015
6,213 6,192 6,219 6,276
43,228 43,325 43,434 43,379
36,886 37,042 37,039 37,102
6,331 6,285 6,404 6,274
A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989
1988
Sex and age
June
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
42
July
Aug.
Sept.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
6,518
6,563
6,554
6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
2,457
1,253
650
615
1,204
4,179
3,733
436
2,429
1,194
559
629
1,235
4,061
3,651
419
2,363
1,122
520
599
1,241
4,193
3,739
433
2,421
1,179
535
637
1,242
4,125
3,687
457
2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474
2,316
1,168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466
2,182
1,073
477
597
1,109
3,921
3,542
396
2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3,761
451
2,303
1,210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,628
453
2,544
1,254
535
737
1,290
4,036
3,503
515
3,754
3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583
3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401
3,397
1,331
688
307
359
643
2,191
1,936
278
1,351
677
301
362
674
2,417
2,088
298
1,329
684
367
329
645
2,270
2,014
255
1,376
682
318
360
694
2,195
1,946
266
1,274
616
300
314
658
2,331
2,050
275
1,280
630
290
333
650
2,296
1,999
286
1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269
1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303
1,128
582
258
330
546
2,136
1,890
246
1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,076
283
1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258
1,358
660
323
347
698
2,057
1,768
270
2,981
3,104
3,043
3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971
3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994
3,164
1,092
496
226
279
596
1,887
1,714
172
1,134
539
264
269
595
1,952
1,766
179
1,125
576
304
298
549
1,917
1,740
177
1,128
569
283
286
559
1,909
1,719
181
1,053
512
241
269
541
1,866
1,705
153
1,089
506
220
285
583
1,862
1,689
158
1,141
549
245
304
592
1,829
1,688
171
1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205
1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164
1,054
491
219
267
563
1,784
1,652
151
1,106
505
189
299
601
1,847
1,685
169
1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195
1,186
594
212
390
592
1,979
1,735
245
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
2,394
1,149
527
642
1,245
4,146
3,675
450
2,465
1,227
571
628
1,238
4,143
3,702
457
2,476
1,253
605
660
1,223
4,334
3,828
475
3,542
3,520
1,302
653
301
363
649
2,259
1,961
278
Oct.
June
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1989
1988
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
June
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
11.3
15.6
17.5
May
10.5
14.1
15.9
13.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.0
10.9
15.1
17.5
13.1
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1
11.0
15.4
18.5
13.7
8.4
4.4
4.5
3.2
10.9
15.5
19.6
12.8
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.9
10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
2.8
10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8
10.9
14.8
16.6
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0
11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1
10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1
9.8
13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7
3.9
4.1
2.6
10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9
10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2
2.9
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
11.0
15.4
17.5
14.3
8.5
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.3
16.3
18.1
14.4
8.5
4.0
4.2
3.2
11.4
16.0
17.7
14.5
8.9
4.4
4.5
3.4
11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.9
11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0
10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2
11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.3
12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0
11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4
9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.8
10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2
11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9
11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6
9.2
3.7
3.7
3.0
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
10.0
12.6
14.1
12.1
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.8
10.5
13.8
16.8
11.6
8.6
4.4
4.7
2.9
10.4
14.8
19.2
12.8
8.0
4.3
4.6
2.8
10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0
8.2
4.3
4.5
2.9
9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4
10.3
13.3
14.1
12.8
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4
10.7
14.2
15.8
13.1
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.6
10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1
4.1
4.3
3.1
9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0
8.0
3.9
4.2
2.5
10.0
13.1
14.8
11.7
8.3
4.0
4.3
2.3
10.4
13.2
12.7
12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6
9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0
11.0
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3
15.4
14.7
16.2
8.6
4.4
4.5
3.8
A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1989
1988
Category
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
5.4
4.6
4.9
14.1
5.4
4.5
5.0
15.1
5.6
4.9
5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0
5.4
4.8
4.7
14.1
5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8
5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4
5.1
4.5
4.5
14.8
5.0
4.2
4.6
13.7
5.3
4.6
4.7
14.4
5.2
4.3
4.8
15.2
5.3
4.3
4.9
15.4
5.4
4.6
4.8
15.5
4.6
10.3
11.7
8.7
4.7
10.1
11.5
8.1
4.9
10.0
11.4
8.4
4.7
9.5
10.9
7.5
4.6
9.8
11.2
7.8
4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0
4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6
4.6
10.6
12.0
8.4
4.3
10.6
11.9
6.8
4.2
9.8
10.9
6.5
4.6
9.6
10.8
8.3
4.4
9.5
11.0
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
3.2
3.9
7.9
3.1
4.0
8.5
3.4
4.0
7.5
3.1
3.8
8.1
3.1
3.7
7.9
3.3
3.8
7.7
3.1
3.7
8.2
3.1
3.6
8.0
3.1
3.4
8.0
2.9
3.5
7.9
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2
5.0
7.7
1.3
6.3
5.0
8.0
1.3
6.4
5.3
7.4
1.3
6.4
5.1
7.4
1.3
6.3
5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1
5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2
5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3
5.0
7.9
1.2
6.2
4.8
7.3
1.1
5.9
5.4
6.2
6.8
10.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.1
6.0
4.6
2.9
10.0
5.4
6.3
5.4
10.4
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.0
3.6
6.2
4.5
3.0
5.6
6.7
7.0
5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8
5.4
6.4
8.8
5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3
5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8
5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5
5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9
CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
4.8
15.6
7.9
4.5
10.3
11.9
8.1
3.2
4.0
7.6
2.9
3.8
8.3
2.8
3.8
7.9
4.8
6.2
1.1
5.8
5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0
4.8
6.9
1.1
5.9
4.8
7.7
1.0
6.1
5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9
5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5
5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3
5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2
11.0
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
10.7
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.1
3.8
6.4
4.4
2.9
11.0
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6
10.2
11.0
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
1989
Weeks of unemployment
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
3,093
1,910
1,543
749
794
2,985
2,041
1,619
826
793
3,158
1,956
1,636
831
805
3,116
1,896
1,568
775
793
3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766
3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715
3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737
3,181
2,081
1,512
757
755
3,247
1,865
1,304
665
639
3,055
1,821
1,310
648
663
3,090
2,034
1,426
689
737
3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611
3,309
1,999
1,258
659
599
13.2
5.9
13.5
6.2
13.5
5.9
13.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
12.6
5.6
12.8
5.8
12.7
5.7
12.1
5.3
12.4
5.4
12.7
5.4
11.8
5.3
11.1
5.5
100.0
47.3
29.2
23.6
11.4
12.1
100.0
44.9
30.7
24.4
12.4
11.9
100.0
46.8
29.0
24.2
12.3
11.9
100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1
100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9
100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9
100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2
100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1
100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0
100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7
100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3
100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6
100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0
9.1
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989
1988
Reasons for unemployment
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
3,070
861
2,209
953
1,747
800
3,085
853
2,232
923
1,883
799
3,112
880
2,232
986
1,843
800
3,079
833
2,246
985
1,767
761
2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747
3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799
3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799
3,121
827
2,294
985
1,835
780
2,876
774
2,102
985
1,740
765
2,831
808
2,023
885
1,730
713
2,984
847
2,137
978
1,894
671
2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1,852
683
2,765
806
1,958
1,023
2,051
742
100.0
46.7
13.1
33.6
14.5
26.6
12.2
100.0
46.1
12.8
33.4
13.8
28.1
11.9
100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.6
27.3
11.9
100.0
46.7
12.6
34.1
14.9
26.8
11.5
100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6
100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2
100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1
100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6
100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0
100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6
100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3
100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7
100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.2
11.3
2.5
.8
1.4
.7
2.5
.8
1.5
.7
2.6
.8
1.5
.7
2.5
.8
1.4
.6
2.5
.8
1.5
.6
2.3
.8
1.4
.6
2.3
.7
1.4
.6
2.4
.8
1.5
.5
2.2
.9
1.5
.6
2.2
.8
1.7
.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed ...:
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
44
2.4
.8
1.4
.6
2.5
.8
1.4
.7
2.5
.8
1.4
.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-42. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
1986
1989
1988
Employment status and sex
IV
IV
IV
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
182,008
119,383
65.6
110,944
61.0
1,687
109,257
3,165
106,091
8,439
7.1
62,626
182,530
119,900
65.7
111,662
61.2
1,695
109,967
3,134
106,833
8,238
6.9
62,630
183,115
120,298
65.7
112,178
61.3
1,750
110,428
3,163
107,264
8,120
6.8
62,817
183,743
120,826
65.8
112,974
61.5
1,741
111,233
3,191
108,042
7,852
6.5
62,917
184,253
121,441
65.9
113,926
61.8
1,726
112,200
3,263
108,937
7,514
6.2
62,813
184,749
121,779
65.9
114,576
62.0
1,733
112,843
3,186
109,657
7,203
5.9
62,970
185,216
122,301
66.0
115,224
62.2
1,749
113,475
3,193
110,282
7,077
5.8
62,915
185,707
122,786
66.1
115,893
62.4
1,740
114,152
3,212
110,940
6,893
5.6
62,922
186,099
123,062
66.1
116,398
62.5
1,710
114,688
3,139
111,549
6,664
5.4
63,037
186,530
123,570
66.2
116,892
62.7
1,690
115,202
3,126
112,076
6,678
5.4
62,959
186,949
124,084
66.4
117,539
62.9
1,696
115,843
3,223
112,620
6,545
5.3
62,865
187,461
124,979
66.7
118,588
63.3
1,688
116,900
3,243
113,657
6,391
5.1
62,482
187,852
125,464
66.8
118,964
63.3
1,674
117,289
3,104
114,185
6,501
5.2
62,388
87,201
66,695
76.7
62,280
71.4
1,533
60,747
4,615
6.9
20,306
87,463
67,036
76.6
62,459
71.4
1,540
60,920
4,577
6.8
20,426
87,775
67,322
76.7
62,796
71.5
1,592
61,204
4,526
6.7
20,453
88,101
67,608
76.7
63,249
71.8
1,583
61,666
4,358
6.4
20,494
88,358
67,711
76.6
63,503
71.9
1,567
61,937
4,208
6.2
20,647
88,605
67,765
76.5
63,815
72.0
1,572
62,243
3,950
5.8
20,840
88,843
68,005
76.5
64,168
72.2
1,587
62,581
3,837
5.6
20,839
89,100
68,234
76.6
64,475
72.4
1,579
62,895
3,759
5.5
20,866
89,293
68,436
76.6
64,811
72.6
1,548
63,262
3,625
5.3
20,858
89,509
68,583
76.6
64,962
72.6
1,527
63,435
3,621
5.3
20,926
89,715
68,631
76.5
65,035
72.5
1,534
63,501
3,596
5.2
21,084
89,973
69,112
76.8
65,605
72.9
1,525
64,080
3,507
5.1
20,861
90,166
69,327
76.9
65,863
73.0
1,511
64,352
3,464
5.0
20,839
94,807
52,487
55.4
48,664
51.3
154
48,509
3,824
7.3
42,320
95,067
52,864
55.6
49,202
51.8
155
49,047
3,661
6.9
42,204
95,341
52,976
55.6
49,382
51.8
158
49,224
3,594
6.8
42,365
95,642
53,219
55.6
49,725
52.0
158
49,567
3,494
6.6
42,423
95,896
53,730
56.0
50,423
52.6
160
50,263
3,307
6.2
42,166
96,144
54,014
56.2
50,760
52.8
161
50,600
3,253
6.0
42,130
96,372
54,296
56.3
51,056
53.0
161
50,894
3,241
6.0
42,076
96,608
54,552
56.5
51,418
53.2
161
51,257
3,134
5.7
42,056
96,806
54,626
56.4
51,588
53.3
162
51,426
3,039
5.6
42,180
97,022
54,987
56.7
51,930
53.5
163
51,767
3,057
5.6
42,035
97,234
55,453
57.0
52,504
54.0
162
52,342
2,949
5.3
41,781
97,488
55,867
57.3
52,983
54.3
163
52,820
2,884
5.2
41,621
97,686
56,137
57.5
53,100
54.4
163
52,937
3,037
5.4
41,549
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-42 through A-53 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-43.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986
Employment status,
sex, and age
1987
IV
1989
1988
IV
IV
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
180,321 180,835 181,365 182,002 182,527 183,016 183,467 183,967 184,389 184,840 185,253 185,773 186,178
117,695 118,205 118,548 119,085 119,714 120,046 120,552 121,045 121,352 121,881 122,388 123,291 123,790
66.5
66.4
65.8
65.9
66.1
65.8
65.6
65.4
65.7
65.6
65.4
65.4
65.3
109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289
63.0
62.2
62.1
61.7
61.1
62.9
60.9
60.8
62.3
62.5
61.9
61.5
60.6
6,501
7,203
7,852 7,514
7,077 6,893 6,664 6,678 6,545 6,391
8,439 8,238 8,120
5.5
5.7
6.0
6.6
5.3
6.8
7.0
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.9
6.3
7.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
78,393
61,193
78.1
57,405
73.2
2,301
55,103
3,788
6.2
17,200
78,647
61,364
78.0
57,575
73.2
2,252
55,323
3,789
6.2
17,283
78,883
61,670
78.2
57,885
73.4
2,297
55,589
3,785
6.1
17,213
79,217
61,908
78.1
58,316
73.6
2,316
56,000
3,592
5.8
17,309
79,466
62,068
78.1
58,613
73.8
2,386
56,227
3,455
5.6
17,398
79,678
62,083
77.9
58,828
73.8
2,314
56,514
3,255
5.2
17,595
79,898
62,270
77.9
59,147
74.0
2,298
56,849
3,123
5.0
17,628
80,194
62,522
78.0
59,448
74.1
2,280
57,168
3,074
4.9
17,672
80,418
62,721
78.0
59,756
74.3
2,243
57,514
2,965
4.7
17,697
80,676
62,843
77.9
59,905
74.3
2,258
57,647
2,938
4.7
17,833
80,925
62,971
77.8
60,017
74.2
2,307
57,711
2,953
4.7
17,954
81,251
63,468
78.1
60,642
74.6
2,305
58,337
2,827
4.5
17,783
81,510
63,681
78.1
60,883
74.7
2,264
58,619
2,798
4.4
17,829
87,449
48,471
55.4
45,345
51.9
591
44,754
3,125
6.4
38,978
87,699
48,921
55.8
45,916
52.4
628
45,288
3,005
6.1
38,778
87,935
48,993
55.7
46,062
52.4
622
45,440
2,931
6.0
38,942
88,236
49,255
55.8
46,403
52.6
611
45,791
2,852
5.8
38,981
88,468
49,688
56.2
46,986
53.1
615
46,371
2,702
5.4
38,780
88,701
49,962
56.3
47,295
53.3
622
46,673
2,667
5.3
38,739
88,925
50,214
56.5
47,605
53.5
635
46,970
2,609
5.2
38,711
89,183
50,501
56.6
47,963
53.8
639
47,323
2,538
5.0
38,682
89,397
50,604
56.6
48,122
53.8
628
47,494
2,483
4.9
38,793
89,664
50,919
56.8
48,423
54.0
599
47,824
2,496
4.9
38,745
89,883
51,449
57.2
49,022
54.5
642
48,380
2,427
4.7
38,434
90,155
51,890
57.6
49,514
54.9
682
48,832
2,376
4.6
38,265
90,425
52,131
57.7
49,632
54.9
618
49,014
2,499
4.8
38,294
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,479 14,489 14,547 14,548 14,593 14,638 14,644 14,590 14,574 14,500 14,445 14,367 14,243
7,969 7,933 7,978
8,069 8,022 8,026 8,119
7,922 7,959 8,001
8,032 7,920 7,885
56.0
55.2
55.2
56.0
55.1
55.0
54.7
55.5
54.7
55.1
54.5
54.5
54.2
6,874 6,804 6,745 6,774
6,507 6,476 6,481
6,720 6,723 6,742 6,810
6,514
6,601
47.6
46.9
47.1
47.4
45.9
46.7
44.8
44.7
44.9
46.2
45.2
45.9
44.5
222
256
274
269
249
273
269
263
263
254
293
260
245
6,552
6,489
6,529
6,605
6,234 6,222 6,236 6,251
6,339 6,470 6,463 6,448 6,541
1,203
1,188
1,165
1,244
1,525
1,408
1,444
1,281
1,216
1,358
1,281
1,345
1,404
15.1
15.0
14.6
15.3
16.0
17.1
17.8
19.0
15.2
18.2
16.0
16.7
17.8
6,476 6,434 6,265
6,447 6,569 6,662 6,626 6,634 6,637 6,575 6,568 6,548 6,381
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
2
46
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1987
1986
1988
IV
1989
IV
IV
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
155,245 155,609 155,982 156,435 156,806 157,145 157,448 157,772 158,048 158,347 158,611 158,944 159,198
101,620 102,135 102,413 102,735 103,224 103,386 103,758 104,255 104,555 104,900 105,286 105,964 106,310
66.8
66.7
66.4
66.2
66.2
65.7
66.1
65.9
65.8
65.7
65.6
65.5
65.8
95,337 96,027 96,345 96,900 97,642 98,084 98,527 99,204 99,691 99,909 100,436 101,338 101,539
63.8
63.8
63.3
63.1
61.7
63.1
62.9
62.6
62.4
62.3
61.8
61.4
61.9
6,109
5,050 4,864 4,991 4,849 4,626 4,772
5,302 5,231
6,067 5,835 5,581
6,283
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.4
6.0
4.7
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.7
5.9
6.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
53,564 53,691 53,959 54,120 54,205 54,191 54,365 54,546 54,678 54,805 54,894 55,301 55,418
78.5
78.6
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.2
78.5
78.5
78.6
78.4
50,673 50,832 51,068 51,350 51,570 51,718 51,956 52,231 52,465 52,541 52,624 53,197 53,331
75.6
75.6
75.0
75.1
75.2
75.0
74.8
74.7
74.6
74.4
74.2
74.2
74.5
2,087
2,473 2,409 2,315 2,212 2,264 2,270 2,104
2,891
2,770 2,635
2,859 2,891
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.9
5.4
4.6
5.1
5.4
5.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
41,140 41,586 41,577 41,734 42,113 42,327 42,474 42,764 42,926 43,099 43,522 43,829 44,050
57.2
57.0
56.7
56.3
56.2
56.1
55.8
55.7
55.6
55.2
54.8
55.1
55.3
38,860 39,401 39,465 39,712 40,181 40,446 40,626 40,967 41,186 41,305 41,801 42,164 42,241
54.8
54.8
54.5
54.0
53.7
53.0
51.8
53.9
53.4
53.3
52.5
52.3
52.4
1,809
1,664
1,722
1,794
1,740
1,797
1,881
1,932
2,280 2,185
1,848
2,022
2,112
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.0
4.2
4.2
5.5
4.4
4.8
5.1
5.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
6,916
58.2
5,803
48.9
1,112
16.1
17.1
15.0
6,858
57.7
5,793
48.8
1,065
15.5
16.2
14.8
6,876
57.8
5,812
48.9
1,065
15.5
16.0
15.0
6,882
57.7
5,838
49.0
1,043
15.2
16.3
13.9
6,905
57.8
5,891
49.3
1,014
14.7
16.2
13.1
6,868
57.4
5,920
49.5
948
13.8
14.4
13.1
6,918
58.0
5,944
49.8
974
14.1
14.9
13.2
6,945
58.4
6,006
50.5
938
13.5
14.2
12.8
6,952
58.5
6,040
50.9
912
13.1
13.9
12.3
6,996
59.1
6,063
51.2
933
13.3
14.2
12.4
6,870
58.5
6,012
51.2
858
12.5
13.4
11.5
6,835
58.6
5,977
51.3
858
12.5
14.2
10.7
6,842
59.1
5,966
51.5
876
12.8
13.8
11.8
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
19,945 20,028 20,120 20,218 20,310 20,398 20,481 20,568 20,651 20,737 20,813 20,904 20,985
12,753 12,600 12,709 12,836 12,883 13,076 13,167 13,137 13,090 13,240 13,342 13,459 13,444
64.1
64.4
64.1
63.8
63.4
63.9
63.9
62.9
64.3
64.1
63.4
63.5
63.2
10,873 10,751 10,893 11,053 11,201 11,426 11,546 11,512 11,530 11,751 11,831 11,898 11,932
56.9
56.9
56.8
56.7
54.7
54.1
53.7
55.8
56.0
56.4
56.0
55.1
54.5
1,512
1,510
1,561
1,783
1,816
1,849
1,489
1,559
1,626
1,621
1,650
1,682
1,880
11.2
11.6
11.9
14.7
14.7
11.3
11.2
12.4
12.3
12.6
13.1
13.9
14.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,928
75.1
5,169
65.5
758
12.8
5,904
74.5
5,116
64.6
788
13.3
5,962
74.9
5,196
65.3
766
12.8
5,979
74.7
5,278
65.9
702
11.7
6,007
74.7
5,322
66.1
685
11.4
6,053
74.9
5,397
66.8
656
10.8
6,050
74.5
5,431
66.9
619
10.2
6,117
75.0
5,461
66.9
656
10.7
6,114
74.6
5,486
66.9
628
10.3
6,109
74.2
5,532
67.2
577
9.4
6,161
74.5
5,557
67.2
603
9.8
6,218
74.8
5,582
67.1
637
10.2
6,193
74.2
5,598
67.0
595
9.6
5,886
59.3
5,143
51.8
743
12.6
5,854
58.7
5,132
51.5
723
12.3
5,902
58.9
5,161
51.5
741
12.5
5,984
59.5
5,227
52.0
756
12.6
6,007
59.5
5,324
52.7
683
11.4
6,108
60.2
5,402
53.2
706
11.6
6,180
60.6
5,499
54.0
681
11.0
6,161
60.2
5,497
53.7
663
10.8
6,103
59.4
5,449
53.0
654
10.7
6,216
60.2
5,595
54.2
621
10.0
6,277
60.6
5,646
54.5
631
10.1
6,344
60.9
5,714
54.9
630
9.9
6,324
60.5
5,716
54.6
608
9.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
47
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1987
1986
1988
IV
1989
IV
IV
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
939
44.0
561
26.3
378
40.3
39.9
40.7
842
39.4
503
23.6
339
40.2
40.4
40.1
844
39.4
535
25.0
309
36.6
37.0
36.2
873
40.6
548
25.5
325
37.2
36.0
38.6
40.2
555
25.7
315
36.2
36.3
36.1
915
42.2
627
28.9
288
31.5
32.8
30.0
937
43.1
616
28.4
321
34.2
33.0
35.5
859
39.5
553
25.5
306
35.6
37.4
33.8
873
40.0
595
27.3
278
31.8
31.0
32.8
915
41.9
623
28.5
292
31.9
31.7
32.1
904
41.5
628
28.8
276
30.5
31.6
29.3
896
41.2
602
27.7
294
32.8
32.8
32.8
927
42.6
617
28.4
309
33.4
35.2
31.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
12,290 12,397 12,504 12,692 12,809 12,926 13,043 13,153 13,268 13,382 13,495 13,606 13,731
9,321
9,212
9,007 9,119
8,013
8,252 8,400 8,501
8,172
8,528 8,724 8,889 8,914
67.9
67.7
67.6
67.3
67.6
66.2
66.0
65.9
65.2
67.2
66.9
66.0
66.4
8,546 8,568
8,286 8,409
8,127
7,581
7,418
7,278
7,166
8,176
7,763 7,830 7,981
62.4
62.8
62.3
61.9
59.7
59.3
58.7
58.3
61.3
62.2
61.2
60.6
60.6
752
666
709
721
834
787
713
743
738
819
894
847
698
8.1
7.2
7.8
8.0
8.0
8.7
10.1
10.9
10.6
8.8
8.5
8.2
9.8
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2
48
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
1986
Full- and part- time status, sex,
and age
1989
1988
IV
IV
IV
EMPLOYED
91,267
54,945
53,609
36,357
35,351
2,307
93,886
56,164
54,755
37,729
36,602
2,528
94,527
56,452
55,035
38,014
36,922
2,570
95,069
56,838
55,372
38,271
37,178
2,520
95,345
56,948
55,460
38,453
37,318
2,567
95,866
57,028
55,545
38,852
37,769
2,552
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
90,142
54,510
53,105
35,633
34,542
2,495
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
19,098 19,030 19,175 19,246 19,603 19,449 19,632 19,670 19,549 19,771 20,021 20,208 20,121
6,224 6,174 6,286 6,264 6,387 6,346 6,440 6,412 6,399 6,515 6,499 6,504 6,528
4,288 4,185 4,285 4,285 4,362 4,337 4,393 4,410 4,372 4,459 4,471 4,499 4,566
12,862 12,896 12,895 12,949 13,212 13,143 13,194 13,219 13,153 13,293 13,522 13,667 13,597
10,798 10,763 10,731 10,851 11,012 10,926 11,026 11,048 10,949 11,053 11,283 11,439 11,386
4,011 4,082 4,160 4,110 4,229 4,186 4,213 4,212 4,228 4,260 4,268 4,270 4,169
90,899
54,744
53,386
36,135
35,123
2,390
92,009
55,388
54,026
36,611
35,560
2,423
92,576
55,532
54,244
37,046
35,979
2,354
93,336
55,910
54,501
37,449
36,331
2,504
96,723
57,537
56,122
39,120
38,085
2,517
97,102
57,801
56,300
39,327
38,251
2,551
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6,852
3,985
3,530
2,882
2,546
776
6,698
3,918
3,533
2,763
2,436
730
6,608
3,890
3,528
2,700
2,394
687
6,348
3,773
3,355
2,583
2,300
693
6,064
3,610
3,223
2,466
2,186
655
5,791
3,405
3,036
2,393
2,130
625
5,658
3,288
2,923
2,390
2,092
642
5,516
3,159
2,860
2,305
2,037
620
5,305
3,089
2,746
2,229
1,982
577
5,333
3,120
2,753
2,232
1,990
590
5,255
3,093
2,739
2,196
1,935
582
5,116
2,914
2,619
2,120
1,898
598
5,160
2,928
2,572
2,247
1,988
600
Looking for part-time work ...
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,556
629
246
927
565
745
1,553
641
257
902
575
721
1,514
618
255
902
547
712
1,525
607
249
915
559
717
1,422
591
218
836
505
699
1,415
568
221
848
531
663
1,421
556
198
866
524
699
1,396
563
226
828
508
662
1,331
530
206
811
490
635
1,353
545
188
808
505
661
1,286
518
211
772
494
580
1,293
527
220
758
482
591
1,317
533
215
791
501
600
NOTE: Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at
work part time are distributed according to whether they usually work full
or part time; unemployed persons are classified according to whether
they are seeking full- or part-time jobs.
49
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986
1987
1989
1988
Category
IV
IV
IV
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289
39,613 39,698 39,878 40,036 40,087 40,316 40,611 40,471 40,435 40,514 40,465 40,979 40,964
26,966 27,349 27,485 27,793 28,231 28,196 28,228 28,589 28,694 28,771 28,979 29,523 29,625
6,074 6,234 6,373 6,352 6,325
6,154
6,173
6,108
5,870 5,950 5,936 6,013
5,801
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,512
1,482
166
1,539
1,433
168
1,589
1,419
170
1,626
1,406
147
1,638
1,451
162
1,639
1,411
149
1,622
1,427
150
1,626
1,418
137
1,596
1,377
156
1,597
1,398
148
1,677
1,401
150
1,662
1,403
159
1,571
1,396
126
98,065
16,315
81,750
1,271
80,479
7,723
238
98,572
16,464
82,108
1,257
80,851
7,984
264
98,941
16,357
82,584
1,193
81,391
8,081
259
99,668
16,526
83,142
1,225
81,917
8,170
259
100,462
16,722
83,739
1,216
82,523
8,144
267
101,174
16,901
84,273
1,179
83,094
8,210
269
101,781
17,047
84,735
1,216
83,519
8,274
245
102,417
16,998
85,419
1,160
84,259
8,326
241
102,553
17,002
85,551
1,137
84,414
8,640
290
103,299
17,096
86,203
1,126
85,077
8,536
241
103,802
17,350
86,452
1,190
85,262
8,567
266
104,763
17,362
87,401
1,165
86,236
8,626
305
105,250
17,224
88,026
1,128
86,898
8,586
281
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,791
2,573
2,873
13,922
5,210
5,352 5,131
5,337 5,353 5,414
5,505 5,628 5,511
2,292 2,351
2,387 2,402
2,388
2,339
2,457 2,491
2,421
2,486 2,467
2,670 2,590
2,733 2,678 2,631
2,723 2,801
13,939 14,043 14,177 14,443 14,451 14,554 14,618 14,791 15,098
5,115
2,349
2,395
15,323
5,015
2,279
2,359
15,363
4,979
2,329
2,352
15,410
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,530 5,271
2,425 2,306
2,776 2,661
13,498 13,525
4,860 4,747
4,979
4,901
2,099
2,196
2,20i
2,150
2,291
2,305
2,402 2,406
14,332 14,663 14,864 14,928
4,780
2,179
2,302
15,005
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
5,369 5,227 5,066
2,230 2,156
2,340
2,647 2,597
2,701
13,60, 13,719 13,953
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
50
5,066 5,136
2,210
2,206
2,575
2,551
13,989 14,093
5,100
2,245
2,504
14,163
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986
1987
1988
1989
Sex and age
IV
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
20,288
6,507
2,643
3,861
13,781
88,943
74,551
14,376
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
20,209
6,476
2,619
3,826
13,734
89,781
75,392
14,420
20,188
6,481
2,679
3,821
13,707
90,223
75,953
14,278
20,186
6,514
2,696
3,836
13,672
91,068
76,647
14,397
20,149
6,601
2,689
3,906
13,548
92,021
77,551
14,462
20,231
6,720
2,797
3,900
13,512
92,649
78,164
'14,519
20,101
6,723
2,758
3,975
13,378
93,355
78,715
14,643
20,150
6,742
2,730
4,015
13,409
94,004
79,379
14,601
20,077
6,810
2,725
4,080
13,267
94,575
79,987
14,576
20,103
6,874
2,680
4,175
13,229
95,152
80,587
14,587
19,886
6,804
2,715
4,095
13,083
95,944
81,197
14,750
19,845
6,745
2,601
4,158
13,100
97,044
82,120
14,887
19,881
6,774
2,586
4,174
13,106
97,384
82,454
14,913
60,747 60,920 61,204 61,666 61,937 62,243 62,581 62,895 63,262 63,435 63,501 64,080 64,352
10,554 10,540 10,529 10,509 10,395 10,473 10,391 10,424 10,458 10,439 10,323 10,368 10,347
3,343 3,3451 3,319 3,350 3,324 3,415 3,434 3,447 3,506 3,530 3,484 3,438 3,469
1,375
1,353
1,369
1,367 1,408 1,410
1,384
1,409 1,400
1,407 1,315
1,313
1,395
1,967
1,973
1,969
1,953
1,987 2,039 2,036 2,103 2,122 2,093 2,134 2,148
1,972
7,212 7,195 7,211 7,159 7,071 7,058 6,957 6,977 6,952 6,909 6,840 6,930 6,877
50,171 50,389 50,673 51,173 51,521 51,788 52,184 52,473 52,786 53,024 53,172 53,710 54,004
41,723 42,029 42,276 42,666 42,982 43,293 43,602 43,944 44,256 44,519 44,720 45,123 45,393
8,439 8,369 8,411 8,497 8,531
8,507 8,593 8,517 8,517 8,513 8,463 8,567 8,592
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289
,
48,509 49,047 49,224 49,567 50,263 50,600 50,894 51,257 51,426 51,767 52,342 52,820 52,937
9,733 9,669 9,658 9,677 9,754 9,759 9,710 9,726 9,619 9,664 9,563 9,477 9,534
3,164 3,131 3,162 3,164 3,277 3,305 3,289 3,294 3,304 3,344 3,320 3,306 3,305
1,268
1,266
1,310
1,311
1,322
1,389
1,349
1,321
1,324
1,285 1,308
1,286 1,273
1,893
1,853
1,852
1,864 1,952 1,913 1,936
1,979
1,977 2,053 2,002 2,024 2,026
6,569 6,539 6,496 6,513 6,477 6,454 6,421
6,432 6,315 6,320 6,243 6,170 6,229
38,773 39,392 39,550 39,895 40,500 40,861 41,171 41,531 41,789 42,128 42,772 43,335 43,379
32,828 33,362 33,677 33,981 34,569 34,871 35,113 35,435 35,732 36,068 36,477 36,997 37,061
5,937 6,052 5,867 5,900 5,931 6,012 6,050 6,084 6,059 6,074 6,288 6,320 6,321
A-48. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
II
Total 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men 16 years and over
16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
8,439
III
8,238
IV
8,120
I
II
7,852
7,514
1989
1988
1987
1986
Sex and age
III
7,203
IV
I
II
iff
I
II
7,077
6,893
6,664
6,678
6,545
6,381
6,501
2,475
1,216
2,466
1,244
2,404
1,165
2,387
1,188
2,397
1,203
538
543
651
499
3,106
1,444
3,011
1,404
2.995
1,408
2,859
1,358
2,703
1,281
2,631
1,345
2,600
1,281
689
841
661
773
648
755
672
743
664
695
604
673
653
688
598
689
548
667
609
634
1,676
5,233
4,677
563
1,662
5,143
4,560
582
1,607
5,093
4,525
562
1,586
4,872
4,398
480
1,501
4,645
4,141
505
1,422
4,509
4,018
488
1,286
4,427
3,936
491
1,319
4,306
3,830
481
1,259
4,181
3,712
469
4,615
4,577
4,526
4,358
4,208
3,950
3,837
3,759
1,746
827
363
1,701
788
363
1,621
741
334
1,612
767
363
1,562
753
372
1,450
695
328
1,403
714
348
3,201
1 525
IV
702
1,194
4,100
3,631
1,222
4,219
3,754
456
622
1,239
4,126
3,692
436
1,199
4,016
3,578
445
3,625
3,621
3,596
3,507
3,464
1,397
685
320
1,325
660
297
1,337
683
325
1,310
643
303
1,308
680
302
1,289
365
665
350
654
336
667
388
627
473
666
299
368
623
470
919
411
914
405
880
413
846
386
810
358
755
362
689
375
712
2,864
2,524
343
2,888
2,520
368
2,891
2,521
363
2,754
2,451
306
2,638
2,315
322
2,511
2,206
305
2,419
2,124
294
2,371
2,066
309
2,292
2,002
288
2,293
2,013
277
2,274
1,998
276
2,209
1,940
272
2,167
1,896
3,824
3,661
3,594
3,494
3,307
3,253
3,241
3,134
3,039
3,057
2,949
2,884
3,037
1,079
1,109
270
1,455
1,405
1,390
1,382
1,296
1,253
1,228
1,203
1,150
1,129
1,094
698
325
371
757
656
298
362
749
663
314
350
727
642
308
331
741
605
292
310
691
586
276
315
667
632
305
327
597
596
278
314
607
556
250
302
594
561
284
284
568
522
235
286
572
508
242
263
571
538
200
333
571
2,369
2,153
220
2,255
2,040
213
2,203
2,003
199
2,118
1,947
174
2,008
1,826
183
1,998
1,811
183
2,008
1,812
197
1,935
1,764
172
1,889
1,710
182
1,926
1,742
179
1,852
1,694
161
1,807
1,638
173
1,934
1,734
203
51
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-49. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1986
1987
1988
1989
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.5
13.6
13.3
19.0
20.7
18.2
20.2
13.0
17.8
19.5
16.5
12.9
17.8
19.9
16.2
12.4
17.1
19.8
15.1
10.0
4.8
5.1
3.4
11.8
16.0
17.8
14.7
9.5
4.6
4.9
3.2
11.6
16.7
19.1
14.8
8.8
4.5
4.8
3.2
11.4
16.0
18.0
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.2
11.0
15.2
16.7
14.0
8.7
4.2
4.4
3.1
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5.3
5.2
5.3
10.9
10.8
15.3
14.6
16.5
10.8
15.1
16.2
14.4
8.3
4.0
4.2
3.1
17.9
16.8
10.8
5.6
5.9
3.8
10.8
5.4
5.7
3.9
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8
10.4
5.1
5.4
3.2
2.9
10.7
15.0
17.3
13.5
8.4
4.0
4.2
2.9
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.1
12.2
11.9
17.2
19.8
15.1
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.3
11.8
16.6
18.5
15.6
9.3
4.3
4.5
3.5
11.2
15.8
14.8
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.3
11.4
16.2
18.9
14.2
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.2
11.3
15.6
17.7
13.8
4.1
4.3
3.2
11.2
16.5
18.7
15.4
8.3
4.0
4.1
3.1
11.1
16.1
18.6
14.6
8.3
3.9
4.0
3.0
18.5
13.2
8.5
4.2
4.5
3.0
13.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
13.9
13.3
18.3
19.6
17.1
10.9
5.4
5.6
4.1
13.3
18.6
20.8
17.3
10.6
5.1
5.4
3.5
13.1
18.5
21.4
16.5
10.3
3.9
19.1
21.2
17.2
11.3
5.4
5.7
4.2
4.9
5.1
3.6
16.9
18.9
15.3
9.7
4.6
4.8
3.5
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.4
12.6
17.3
19.3
15.9
10.1
5.3
5.6
3.3
12.5
16.9
19.0
15.1
10.2
5.0
5.4
2.9
11.2
16.1
18.4
14.4
8.5
4.6
4.9
3.2
11.0
15.3
17.4
13.7
8.6
4.5
4.7
2.7
10.7
14.4
15.9
13.2
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.9
10.5
14.4
18.1
12.2
8.2
4.4
4.6
10.3
13.6
15.3
12.5
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.5
10.2
13.3
15.8
11.5
8.5
4.0
4.2
2.7
10.4
14.0
13.6
14.1
8.4
4.3
4.5
3.1
14.2
19.8
20.9
19.3
11.3
5.4
5.7
Women, 16 years and over
5.5
13.0
12.7
18.1
20.4
16.4
17.3
19.1
16.3
10.3
10.3
5.4
5.8
6.2
3.6
5.8
3.4
11.7
11.4
15.6
15.1
18.1
13.7
16.6
14.1
9.4
4.7
4.9
9.6
4.7
5.0
3.0
2.9
17.5
2.9
8.9
A-50. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1989
1988
1987
1986
Category
III
IV
I
II
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
7.2
6.2
6.4
19.0
7.0
6.2
6.1
18.2
6.8
6.1
6.0
17.8
6.6
5.8
5.8
17.8
6.3
5.6
5.4
17.1
6.0
5.2
5.3
16.0
5.9
5.0
5.2
16.7
5.7
4.9
5.0
16.0
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.2
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.3
5.3
4.7
4.7
14.6
5.2
4.5
4.6
15.0
5.3
4.4
4.8
15.1
6.2
13.4
14.7
10.6
6.0
13.1
14.7
10.9
5.9
12.7
14.3
10.1
5.7
12.4
13.9
9.8
5.4
11.7
13.1
8.7
5.1
11.3
12.6
8.2
5.0
11.0
12.3
8.5
4.8
11.1
12.4
8.0
4.7
10.6
11.9
8.8
4.8
9.9
11.2
8.0
4.6
9.9
11.3
7.8
4.4
10.3
11.6
7.2
4.5
9.8
11.2
8.1
Married men spouse present
Married women spouse present
Women who maintain families
4.4
5.4
9.8
4.4
5.1
9.8
4.4
4.9
9.6
4.1
4.6
9.7
4.1
4.3
9.4
3.8
4.2
9.1
3.5
4.2
8.6
3.4
4.0
8.2
3.2
3.9
8.2
3.2
3.9
8.0
3.2
3.7
7.9
3.0
3.5
8.0
3.0
3.9
7.9
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemoloved 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2
6.8
9.3
1.9
8.1
6.6
9.2
1.9
7.9
6.5
9.0
1.9
7.7
6.2
9.0
1.8
7.4
5.9
8.2
1.7
7.2
5.6
8.2
1.6
6.8
5.5
8.2
1.5
6.7
5.3
8.0
1.4
6.6
5.1
7.6
1.3
6.3
5.1
7.6
1.3
6.4
5.0
7.2
1.2
6.2
4.9
7.1
1.1
6.0
4.9
7.3
1.1
6.0
7.2
8.6
13.6
12.6
7.2
71
7.4
6.5
5.3
7.9
5.7
3.6
14.4
7.0
8.5
15.9
12.9
7.0
67
7.4
6.3
5.1
7.6
5.6
3.3
12.3
6.9
8.9
14.7
14.1
7.2
7.0
7.5
6.0
4.7
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.2
6.6
8.0
12.3
12.1
6.7
6.5
6.9
5.9
4.5
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.1
6.3
7.5
10.8
12.0
6.1
6.0
6.3
5.7
4.6
7.1
4.9
3.5
9.2
6.0
7.0
8.2
11.5
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.5
4.3
6.7
4.8
3.4
9.9
5.8
6.7
7.8
10.9
5.4
5.1
6.0
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
11.2
5.7
6.7
7.9
11.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.2
3.9
6.4
4.6
2.9
11.0
5.5
6.4
8.1
10.5
5.2
4.8
5.8
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.5
2.9
11.1
5.5
6.5
7.0
10.2
5.4
5.0
5.9
5.0
3.7
6.2
4.4
2.9
10.9
5.4
6.4
8.5
10.3
5.2
5.0
5.5
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.6
9.4
5.3
6.1
7.0
9.9
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.9
3.9
5.8
4.4
2.7
9.1
5.3
6.0
4.6
9.7
5.0
4.6
5.6
5.0
4.1
5.8
4.6
2.9
10.6
CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men 20 vears and over
Women 20 years and over
Both sexes 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
INDUSTRY
Nonagriculturai private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable aoods
SGrvics-Droducina industriGS
TransDortation and oublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Aaricultural waae and salarv workers
1
2
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
52
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-51. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986
1988
1987
1989
Weeks of unemployment
IV
IV
IV
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
3,542
2,684
2,227
1,022
1,204
3,423
2,521
2,288
1,081
1,207
3,362
2,543
2,204
1,022
1,182
3,382
2,409
2,109
979
1,131
3,208
2,185
2,085
1,002
1,083
3,193
2,102
1,892
891
1,001
3,205
2,060
1,804
872
932
3,091
2,122
1,718
844
874
3,086
1,982
1,580
765
815
3,086
1,964
1,608
811
797
3,068
1,936
1,517
778
739
3,161
1,922
1,375
690
686
3,147
2,016
1,332
683
649
14.9
6.9
15.4
7.1
15.1
7.1
14.8
6.7
14.9
6.7
14.2
6.3
14.1
6.1
14.0
6.3
13.5
5.9
13.5
5.9
12.9
5.7
12.4
5.5
11.9
5.4
100.0
41.9
31.8
26.3
12.1
14.2
100.0
41.6
30.6
27.8
13.1
14.7
100.0
41.5
31.4
27.2
12.6
14.6
100.0
42.8
30.5
26.7
12.4
14.3
100.0
42.9
29.2
27.9
13.4
14.5
100.0
44.4
29.2
26.3
12.4
13.9
100.0
45.3
29.1
25.5
12.3
13.2
100.0
44.6
30.6
24.8
12.2
12.6
100.0
46.4
29.8
23.8
11.5
12.3
100.0
46.4
29.5
24.1
12.2
12.0
100.0
47.0
29.7
23.3
11.9
11.3
100.0
48.9
29.8
21.3
10.7
10.6
100.0
48.4
31.0
20.5
10.5
10.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-52. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
1986
1989
1988
Reasons for unemployment
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
4,167
1,105
3,062
1,043
2,180
1,056
4,005
1,058
2,946
1,009
2,181
1,051
3,951
1,066
2,885
1,037
2,103
1,003
3,847
1,018
2,829
968
2,059
994
3,634
946
2,688
953
1,998
921
3,409
871
2,538
991
1,926
873
3,313
898
2,415
949
1,914
893
3,165
877
2,288
1,025
1,872
865
3,080
837
2,243
960
1,785
832
3,092
855
2,237
965
1,831
787
3,016
826
2,190
982
1,746
782
2,942
803
2,140
952
1,768
753
2,824
815
2,010
1,038
1,933
699
100.0
49.3
13.1
36.3
12.4
25.8
12.5
100.0
48.6
12.8
35.7
12.2
26.4
12.7
100.0
48.8
13.2
35.6
12.8
26.0
12.4
100.0
48.9
12.9
35.9
12.3
26.2
12.6
100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
12.7
26.6
12.3
100.0
47.4
12.1
35.3
13.8
26.8
12.1
100.0
46.9
12.7
34.2
13.4
27.1
12.6
100.0
45.7
12.7
33.0
14.8
27.0
12.5
100.0
46.3
12.6
33.7
14.4
26.8
12.5
100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
14.5
27.4
11.8
100.0
46.2
12.7
33.6
15.0
26.8
12.0
100.0
45.9
12.5
33.4
14.8
27.6
11.7
100.0
43.5
12.5
30.9
16.0
29.8
10.8
3.5
3.4
1.9
.9
1.8
.9
3.3
.9
1.8
.8
3.2
.8
1.7
.8
3.0
.8
1.7
.8
2.8
.8
1.6
.7
2.7
.8
1.6
.7
2.6
.8
1.5
.7
2.5
.8
1.5
.7
2.5
.8
1.5
.6
2.5
.8
1.4
.6
2.4
.8
1.4
.6
2.3
.8
1.6
.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
53
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53.
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
1986
1989
1988
Reason, sex, and race
IV
IV
IV
TOTAL
Total not in labor force ..
62,626 62,630 62,817 62,917 62,813 62,970 62,915 62,922 63,037 62,959 62,865 62,482 62,388
Do not want a job now .
Current activity.
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
56,846 56,695 56,987 57,062 57,048 57,324 57,357 57,490 57,630 58,202 57,491 57,310 57,046
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now .
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
6,475 6,121 6,343 6,423 6,388 6,317 6,436 6,350 6,329 7,022 6,229 6,365 6,292
4,064 4,088 3,907 4,147 4,207 4,431 4,397 4,292 4,482 4,453 4,730 4,528 4,782
26,529 26,120 26,069 26,205 25,553 25,563 25,578 25,304 25,339 25,331 24,588 24,550 24,062
15,319 15,840 16,025 15,870 16,259 16,341 16,456 16,869 16,797 16,825 17,251 17,179 17,407
4,458 4,525 4,643 4,416 4,641 4,672 4,490 4,675 4,683 4,571 4,693 4,688 4,503
5,856
5,931
5,848
5,775
5,885
5,788
5,455
5,484
5,318
5,276
5,418
5,313
5,331
1,381
865
1,297
1,130
776
354
1,183
1,511
905
1,200
1,160
753
407
1,155
1,415
769
1,357
1,150
828
322
1,158
1,364
854
1,240
1,107
735
373
1,209
1,479
906
1,326
1,053
706
347
1,122
1,516
838
1,265
1,026
652
374
1,142
1,371
849
1,237
913
587
326
1,085
1,327
849
1,193
990
667
323
1,125
1,286
832
1,209
914
600
314
1,076
1,387
794
1,128
941
599
341
1,026
1,412
750
1,145
951
597
354
1,160
1,279
910
1,177
855
562
293
1,093
1,274
965
1,151
869
519
350
1,072
20,306 20,426 20,453 20,494 20,647 20,840 20,839 20,866 20,858 20,926 21,084 20,861 20,839
18,418 18,270 18,424 18,478 18,623 18,869 18,868 19,012 18,888 19,100 19,062 19,085 18,929
1,952
2,066
2,000
1,996
2,081
2,044
1,902
1,966
1,889
1,920
1,985
1,946
1,932
656
456
410
431
793
440
431
401
666
361
499
473
680
415
452
450
753
464
437
427
742
407
445
449
719
417
364
403
654
410
440
462
677
367
414
431
669
379
447
425
716
351
446
473
632
420
410
484
639
471
410
412
Women
Total not in labor force ...
42,320 42,204 42,365 42,423 42,166 42,130 42,076 42,056 42,180 42,035 41,781 41,621 41,549
Do not want a job now.
38,428 38,425 38,563 38,583 38,425 38,455 38,488 38,478 38,742 39,103 38,428 38,225 38,118
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities...
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now .
3,904
3,865
3,848
3,779
3,804
3,744
3,553
3,518
3,429
3,356
3,433
3,367
3,399
725
409
1,297
720
752
717
466
1,200
729
753
749
408
1,357
651
684
685
439
1,240
655
760
726
442
1,326
615
695
774
431
1,265
581
693
652
432
1,237
549
68;
673
439
1,193
551
663
609
466
1,209
500
645
718
415
1,128
494
601
697
399
1,145
505
688
646
491
1,177
445
609
635
494
1,151
460
660
53,625 53,474 53,569 53,700 53,582 53,759 53,690 53,517 53,493 53,447 53,32! 52,980 52,888
49,41
49,185 49,353 49,445 49,291 49,496 49,594 49,547 49,651 49,728 49,381 49,280 49,060
4,329
4,287
4,209
4,187
4,362
4,277
4,012
4,01;
3,886
3,691
3,854
3,844
3,835
974
610
1,004
758
984
1,013
630
900
827
916
955
54!
98;
801
929
955
615
924
745
948
1,108
687
954
718
895
1,058
645
950
679
94!
962
651
901
611
887
954
640
848
670
900
917
639
846
596
888
908
556
806
600
821
911
511
828
676
928
885
704
793
570
89;
906
684
835
527
882
7,19:
7,428
7,411
7,382
7,427
7,322
7,314
7,431
7,561
7,497
7,471
7,445
7,542
Do not want a job now.
5,908
6,02;
6,036
5,976
6,151
6,083
6,090
6,115
6,340
6,227
6,18;
6,134
6,303
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
1,32
1,390
1,394
1,388
1,323
1,20
1,211
1,301
1,267
1,241
1,259
1,315
1,325
411
240
271
271
19'
373
197
304
29
223
344
227
290
327
201
326
196
314
31
173
335
173
299
244
161
346
19
308
264
185
32
18
315
276
162
316
21
270
290
147
374
206
272
210
19'
335
206
343
253
178
316
261
266
323
160
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
Black
Total not in labor force .
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
1
350
218
269
30
183
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
54
32;
158
279
294
154
"home responsibilities."
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Age
Total
Reason and sex
1988
II
1989
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 59
years
60 years
and over
II
1988
1989
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
1988
1989
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
63,034
62,398
6,413
6,145
3,950
3,782
21,279
20,930
31,392
31,541
57,444
56,811
4,930
4,754
3,122
2,980
18,588
18,062
30,800
31,015
5,831
4,587
25,522
16,889
4,614
5,770
4,895
24,217
17,501
4,428
3,841
58
319
3,732
28
312
1,221
168
1,264
88
1,251
1,243
712
682
482
385
747
2,246
12,492
433
2,670
745
2,512
11,737
468
2,600
20
2,113
11,461
16,454
752
29
2,266
10,925
17,036
759
5,590
5,584
1,483
1,392
2,689
2,866
593
524
801
294
44
187
116
70
46
160
228
564
857
472
373
99
568
291
735
823
452
316
135
565
7
197
57
164
60
104
168
8
175
51
135
49
86
155
1,698
842
1,175
842
561
281
1,032
1,658
969
1,120
798
488
310
1,039
1,132
27
61
99
48
50
164
1,066
15
58
95
52
42
158
827
331
55
201
108
80
28
132
20,729
20,707
3,068
2,929
1,297
1,246
4,224
4,274
12,140
12,258
18,636
18,565
2,272
2,181
1,006
916
3,486
3,431
11,876
12,039
2,760
2,382
413
10,501
2,580
2,808
2,457
372
10,679
2,248
1,832
32
18
1,836
16
20
636
103
673
53
21
390
309
169
294
1,310
138
326
1,418
291
1,366
107
348
1,319
1
936
240
10,176
523
8
1,023
225
10,332
451
2,093
2,141
797
Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ....
Other reasons1
16
251
749
330
740
845
263
220
165
26
73
66
73
251
200
216
377
196
173
3
90
74
96
5
71
51
93
914
376
379
424
869
482
374
417
658
11
66
62
600
8
56
85
292
178
25
39
50
42,305
41,691
3,345
3,216
2,653
2,536
17,055
16,656
19,252
19,283
38,808
38,246
2,659
2,572
2,118
2,067
15,105
14,634
18,923
18,978
3,071
2,205
25,110
6,388
2,034
2,962
2,438
23,845
6,822
2,179
2,010
27
1,895
12
292
586
65
591
37
1,236
1,222
231
456
937
12,352
107
1,253
454
1,146
11,630
122
1,282
19
1,177
11,220
6,279
228
21
1,243
10,702
6,704
308
217
3,498
3,442
1,948
2,022
330
305
535
153
30
201
69
82
471
129
17
187
43
95
154
314
857
271
352
191
359
823
257
392
4
108
57
89
72
2
104
51
86
62
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
301
373
321
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Other reasons
784
467
1,175
463
609
788
488
1,120
424
622
• Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54 and A-55 may not add to not-in-labor-
643
685
474
16
61
32
102
466
7
58
39
73
force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.
55
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Age
Total
Reason, race, and Hispanic origin
II
1988
II
1989
16 to 24
years
II
1988
Sex
60 years
and over
25 to 59
years
II
1988
Women
II
1989
II
1989
II
1989
II
1988
53,415 52,798 7,702
7,463
17,594 17,210 28,120 28,125 17,373 17,270 36,041 35,527
49,344 48,751
6,047
5,874
15,658 15,177 27,641 27,696 15,804 15,708 33,542 33,042
3,797
156
3,794
87
15,198 15,686 1,213
3,546
3,631
881
4,071 4,048
1,653
1,240
1,243
681 1,079
636
787
795
67
485
554
161
854
843
107
239
1,200
19
580
28
511
1,672
1,810
1,730 1,918
10,932 10,192 10,485 9,906
417 14,798 15,269
398
667
683
2,087 2,070
II
1989
II
1988
Men
1989
II
1988
WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1
4,328
4,401
3,560 3,817
22,629 21,300
2,074
1,906
325
9,523
1,976
2,116 2,254 2,285
1,654 1,854
1,963
294 22,304 21,006
9,563 5,675 6,123
1,774
1,772 1,655
793
1,937
2,030
481
427
1,570
1,562
2,500
2,485
157
413
594
320
453
205
518
596
257
454
7
155
39
129
151
6
129
40
116
136
660
309
657
336
260
341
206
363
583
326
795
294
502
583
345
787
279
491
1,588
1,027
34
151
114
262
BLACK
7,580
7,569 2,118
1,929
2,730
2,820
2,733
2,821
2,656
2,726
4,924
4,843
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
6,288
6,266 1,539
1,417
2,122
2,112
2,628
2,740
2,237
2,242
4,051
4,026
1,006
929
913
61
304
876
30
2,119
1,453
781
925
967
2,173
1,493
708
92
452
1,069
29
480
50
520
1,058
42
442
417
747
1,425
39
417
820
1,452
51
447
421
64
828
477
448
450
58
917
369
559
508
2,055
626
303
477
518
2,116
576
339
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1
1,292
1,302
576
Total not in labor force
295
261
216
606
708
107
80
418
485
874
818
43
137
224
111
91
193
192
171
83
47
14
34
12
2
36
10
13
19
207
60
167
126
89
62
145
147
166
140
336
142
90
173
128
284
130
103
373
200
336
231
152
340
254
284
274
150
331
14
96
86
49
514
269
25
82
90
48
4,360
4,415
1,114
1,138
2,119
2,098
1,128
1,179
1,214
1,248
3,146
3,167
3,786
3,870
906
919
1,774
1,779
1,107
1,165
1,029
1,087
2,757
2,782
542
331
2,037
560
316
575
400
2,026
538
331
477
42
504
7
280
304
66
183
1,323
7
195
64
266
1,227
23
199
106
433
554
14
5
125
494
515
26
256
187
63
343
180
259
235
60
353
180
286
143
1,974
218
136
315
165
1,966
185
151
107
104
574
545
345
318
22
185
162
390
385
207
134
10
14
17
32
217
118
10
27
41
21
85
28
80
26
43
29
24
32
85
64
134
58
49
67
28
142
69
79
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1
170
92
134
101
77
146
54
142
93
110
1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
56
13
35
71
116
78
45
28
3:
116
52
90
13
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-56. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
2nd Quarter 1989
Race and Hispanic origin
Age
Reason and sex
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 59
years
60 years
and over
White
Black
Hispanic
origin
TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
95
144
71
13
20
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
269
219
39
13
46
64
41
10
10
35
10
14
73
48
68
16
2
74
79
51
14
62
21
22
13
45
25
166
150
19
30
144
138
111
66
44
14
4
37
31
33
6
17
4
-
35
28
28
11
32
13
131
92
19
10
33
20
71
53
8
10
70
44
54
34
20
1
49
80
30
3
10
3
1
18
6
10
36
19
35
16
2
39
51
23
4
30
8
22
10
139
126
20
2
12
6
96
97
12
21
74
94
57
32
24
13
1
Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
57
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within
the next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
Age
Total
16 to 24
years
Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex
1988
1989
Race
25 to 59
years
60 years
and over
II
1989
Black
1989
II
1988
54,717 54,078 6,240
8,316 8,319 4,122
1,582 1,447 1,473
1,114 1,081
69
1,752 1,851
438
3,869 3,940 2,143
5,901
4,025
1,242
65
508
2,209
17,608 17,177 30,869 31,000 47,017 46,439 5,997
524
3,670 3,752
541
6,397 6,358 1,583
434
960
195
111
1,065
9
237
834
767
831
194
850
182
400
173
1,408
166 1,271
1,142 1,176
513
157
184 3,231
1,568 1,547
3,222
5,974
1,596
377
287
358
574
17,729 17,620 2,486
2,999 3,086 1,879
695
708
658
26
219
223
153
585
534
1,535 1,624 1,005
2,278
1,896
623
18
183
1,070
3,311 11,914 12,030 15,027 14,907 2,122
962
534
225
228 2,346 2,363
34
211
428
472
1
140
65
30
142
178
61
314
86
90
443
420
89
75
475
203
1,349
78 1,276
2,133
593
192
71
106
224
36,988 36,458 3,753
5,317 5,233 2,244
778
874
788
43
890
862
286
1,219
1,266
2,333 2,316 1,138
3,621
2,131
619
48
326
1,139
14,281 13,865 18,954 18,970 31,990 31,532 3,875
3,995 1,049
313 4,051
299
2,773 2,790
162
224
532
9
98
593
129
694
206
121
719
625
653
86
310
863
845
965
851
78
84
310
1,112 1,073
1,873
105 1,955
3,840
1,003
185
216
251
350
1988
1989
II
1988
White
1988
1989
1988
1989
TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
3,329
895
12
134
294
456
Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
58
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-58. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Employment status, sex, and age
II
1988
II
1989
1988
II
1989
159,198
106,401
66.8
101,741
3,102
98,639
4,660
4.4
52,798
20,651
13,071
63.3
11,477
181
11,296
1,594
12.2
7,580
20,985
13,415
63.9
11,868
147
11,721
1,547
11.5
7,569
13,268
8,908
67.1
8,131
380
7,751
111
8.7
4,360
13,731
9,316
67.8
8,571
409
8,161
745
8.0
4,415
75,778
58,404
77.1
55,763
2,406
53,358
2,641
4.5
17,373
76,395
59,124
77.4
56,613
2,441
54,172
2,511
4.2
17,270
9,272
6,616
71.4
5,815
161
5,654
801
12.1
2,656
9,423
6,696
71.1
5,908
122
5,785
789
11.8
2,726
6,575
5,361
81.5
4,903
322
4,581
458
8.5
1,214
6,794
5,546
81.6
5,159
373
4,786
387
7.0
1,248
81,510
63,732
78.2
61,006
2,367
58,639
2,726
4.3
17,778
69,789
54,739
78.4
52,605
2,144
50,461
2,135
3.9
15,050
70,560
55,486
78.6
53,474
2,216
51,259
2,011
3.6
15,074
8,197
6,131
74.8
5,483
151
5,333
648
10.6
2,065
8,351
6,209
74.4
5,595
114
5,481
615
9.9
2,141
5,893
4,979
84.5
4,621
291
4,330
358
7.2
914
6,094
5,143
84.4
4,841
346
4,495
302
5.9
951
96,644
54,339
56.2
51,333
724
50,609
3,006
5.5
42,305
97,523
55,832
57.2
52,831
696
52,135
3,001
5.4
41,691
82,270
46,228
56.2
44,111
695
43,416
2,117
4.6
36,041
82,804
47,277
57.1
45,128
661
44,467
2,149
4.5
35,527
11,380
6,455
56.7
5,662
20
5,642
793
12.3
4,924
11,562
6,719
58.1
5,960
25
5,936
758
11.3
4,843
6,693
3,547
53.0
3,229
58
3,170
318
9.0
3,146
6,937
3,770
54.3
3,412
36
3,376
358
9.5
3,167
89,397
50,437
56.4
48,051
662
47,389
2,386
4.7
38,960
90,425
51,951
57.5
49,551
651
48,900
2,400
4.6
38,475
76,382
42,811
56.0
41,153
636
40,517
1,658
3.9
33,571
77,060
43,947
57.0
42,227
616
41,611
1,720
3.9
33,114
10,274
6,055
58.9
5,410
16
5,394
645
10.7
4,219
10,460
6,270
59.9
5,670
24
5,646
600
9.6
4,190
6,023
3,238
53.8
3,005
57
2,948
233
7.2
2,785
6,250
3,490
55.8
3,198
32
3,165
292
8.4
2,760
14,574
8,161
56.0
6,861
338
6,523
1,300
15.9
6,413
14,243
8,098
56.9
6,812
281
6,531
1,286
15.9
6,145
11,877
7,082
59.6
6,116
320
5,796
966
13.6
4,795
11,578
6,968
60.2
6,040
270
5,770
929
13.3
4,610
2,180
885
40.6
583
14
569
302
34.1
1,296
2,174
936
43.1
603
9
593
333
35.6
1,238
1,352
691
51.1
506
33
474
185
26.8
661
1,387
683
49.2
531
31
501
151
22.2
704
II
1988
1988
1989
184,389
121,355
65.8
114,778
3,343
111,435
6,577
5.4
63,034
186,178
123,780
66.5
117,368
3,298
114,070
6,412
5.2
62,398
158,048
104,633
66.2
99,875
3,101
96,774
4,758
4.5
53,415
87,745
67,016
76.4
63,445
2,619
60,826
3,571
5.3
20,729
88,655
67,948
76.6
64,538
2,602
61,936
3,411
5.0
20,707
80,418
62,757
78.0
59,866
2,344
57,523
2,891
4.6
17,661
1989
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force ..
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
(
59
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59. Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rlcan, and Cuban origin by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
1989
1988
1989
II
1988
II
1989
13,268
8,908
67.1
8,131
380
7,751
777
8.7
4,360
13,731
9.316
67.8
8,571
409
8,161
745
8.0
4,415
7,907
5,526
69.9
4,972
348
4,625
554
10.0
2,381
8,170
5,674
69.4
5,193
365
4,828
482
8.5
2,496
1,658
917
55.3
849
6
843
68
7.4
741
1,524
876
57.5
799
6
793
77
8.8
648
870
581
66.8
563
3
560
19
3.2
288
912
593
65.0
560
6
553
33
5.6
319
6,575
5,361
81.5
4,903
322
4,581
458
8.5
1,214
6,794
5,546
81.6
5,159
373
4,786
387
7.0
1,248
4,107
3,455
84.1
3,135
294
2,841
321
9.3
651
4,178
3,460
82.8
3,206
332
2,874
254
7.3
718
738
538
72.9
499
6
494
39
7.2
200
678
514
75.8
475
5
470
39
7.6
164
429
343
80.0
332
2
329
11
3.1
87
430
344
80.0
324
6
318
19
5.7
86
5,893
4,979
84.5
4,621
291
4,330
358
7.2
914
6,094
5,143
84.4
4,841
346
4,495
302
5.9
951
3,642
3,171
87.1
2.924
268
2,656
247
7.8
471
3,697
3,161
85.5
2,978
312
2,667
183
5.8
536
660
505
76.5
474
6
469
30
6.0
156
599
483
80.6
452
5
447
31
6.4
116
405
334
82.5
324
2
321
10
3.1
70
409
334
81.7
314
5
309
19
5.8
75
6,693
3,547
53.0
3,229
58
3,170
318
9.0
3,146
6,937
3,770
54.3
3,412
36
3,376
358
9.5
3,167
3,800
2,071
54.5
1,838
54
1,784
233
11.2
1,730
3,992
2,215
55.5
1,987
33
1,954
228
10.3
1,778
920
379
41.2
350
1
349
29
7.7
541
846
^362
42.8
324
1
323
38
10.5
484
440
239
54.3
231
482
249
51.7
236
1
235
14
5.5
232
6,023
3,238
53.8
3,005
57
2,948
233
7.2
2,785
6,250
3,490
55.8
3,198
32
3,165
292
8.4
2,760
3,367
1,850
54.9
1,678
52
1,625
173
9.3
1,516
3,535
2,008
56.8
1,830
30
1,800
178
8.9
1,527
818
349
42.7
331
1
331
18
5.2
468
769
336
43.7
303
418
229
54.8
222
303
33
9.8
433
222
6
2.7
189
456
242
53.1
230
1
229
13
5.3
213
1,352
691
51.1
506
33
474
185
26.8
661
1,387
683
49.2
531
31
501
151
22.2
704
898
504
56.1
370
27
343
134
26.6
394
938
506
53.9
385
23
362
120
23.8
433
180
63
35.0
43
156
57
36.5
44
1
43
13
47
19
47
17
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
231
8
3.2
202
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
,
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
60
2
43
20
31.4
117
0
99
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
ft
ft
17
16
17
2
15
1
0
29
ft
30
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
II
1988
II
1989
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Category
II
1988
II
1989
99,875 101,741
55,763 56,613
44,111 45,128
11,477
5,815
5,662
11,868
5,908
5,960
8,131
4,903
3,229
8,571
5,159
3,412
1988
1989
II
1988
1989
CHARACTERISTIC
114,778 117,368
63,445 64,538
51,333 52,831
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
29,177
14,337
14,840
30,422
14,906
15,515
26,412
13,132
13,280
27,497
13,644
13,853
1,802
767
1,035
1,861
804
1,057
1,047
588
460
1,182
625
557
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
35,150
3,409
13,655
18,087
36,095
3,654
14,038
18,403
30,972
2,917
12,455
15,600
31,560
3,132
12,717
15,711
3,082
325
784
1,973
3,333
344
898
2,092
2,041
142
742
1,157
2,027
158
700
1,169
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
15,251
893
1,897
12,461
15,442
887
1,926
12,629
11,986
669
1,526
9,791
12,189
632
1,575
9,981
2,735
201
333
2,201
2,694
229
322
2,143
1,477
135
104
1,237
1,669
135
103
1,431
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,833
4,552
5,184
4,096
13,768
4,593
5,091
4,084
12,490
4,111
4,759
3,620
12,351
4,152
4,609
3,590
1,034
342
353
339
1,078
343
393
342
1,168
363
446
360
1,146
297
431
417
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,658
8,063
4,784
4,811
111
4,034
18,047
8,266
4,852
4,929
787
4,142
14,645
6,601
4,027
4,017
652
3,365
14,816
6,752
4,059
4,005
645
3,361
2,556
1,192
686
679
112
567
2,691
1,198
701
792
125
667
1,962
1,052
301
609
120
490
2,074
1,189
325
560
114
446
3,709
3,595
3,369
3,327
268
210
436
472
1,745
1,414
185
1,715
1,433
150
1,559
1,361
181
1,570
1,383
149
149
32
122
25
340
40
368
41
102,488 105,179
16,999 17,218
85,488 87,962
1,157
1,165
84,323 86,805
8,603
8,649
289
298
88,515
13,828
74,687
879
73,808
7,984
275
90,418
13,973
76,444
829
75,616
7,957
264
10,914
2,611
8,303
258
8,045
378
4
11,342
2,624
8,718
298
8,420
373
6
7,224
908
6,316
157
6,158
502
25
7,627
922
6,705
155
6,550
518
16
81,169
4,147
14,558
82,636
3,961
15,144
9,518
806
1,152
9,833
833
1,203
6,756
597
778
7,156
609
806
Farming, forestry, and fishing
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS1
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
93,510
5,103
16,165
95,579
4,940
16,849
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
61
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61.
Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
Category
1988
1989
1988
1989
8,131
4,903
3,229
8,571
5,159
3,412
4,972
3,135
1,838
5,193
3,206
1,987
849
499
350
799
475
324
563
332
231
560
324
236
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
\ Professional specialty
1,047
588
460
1,182
625
557
489
272
216
551
283
268
121
71
50
129
72
58
145
93
53
155
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
2,041
142
742
2,027
158
700
1,098
84
1,169
265
15
48
202
242
22
52
168
195
9
65
120
189
11
70
1,157
1,085
69
409
606
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
1,477
135
104
882
82
59
742
964
54
60
1,237
1,669
135
103
1,431
851
147
2
18
127
144
4
24
116
52
2
4
47
76
4
8
63
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
1,168
363
446
360
1,146
297
431
417
790
234
309
247
775
181
304
290
108
43
36
29
94
32
33
29
70
26
26
18
56
12
27
17
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..
1,962
1,052
301
609
120
490
2,074
1,189
325
560
114
446
1,327
694
190
443
103
341
1,397
807
190
400
86
314
200
108
44
48
3
45
180
111
28
41
5
35
48
20
30
2
28
79
36
21
22
6
16
436
472
400
409
340
40
368
41
316
32
331
34
7,224
908
6,316
157
4,343
554
3,789
6,158
502
25
7,627
922
6,705
155
6,550
518
16
4,567
562
4,004
66
3,938
252
6,756
597
778
7,156
609
806
4,046
451
476
1988
1989
1988
1989
CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
391
623
102
53
108
10
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
99
3,690
275
6
766
128
638
4
634
26
2
488
59
430
2
428
59
12
486
56
430
5
425
67
10
807
126
681
2
679
34
2
4,236
446
512
752
35
62
716
19
65
501
22
41
493
23
44
2
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons .
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
62
2
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total
White
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1988
Hispanic origin
Black
II
1989
II
1989
1988
1989
114,778
117,368
99,875
101,741
11,477
11,868
8,131
8,571
6,861
2,734
4,128
13,258
94,659
80,061
14,598
6,812
2,594
4,218
13,091
97,465
82,532
14,933
6,116
2,455
3,661
11,565
82,193
69,156
13,037
6,040
2,309
3,730
11,201
84,500
71,126
13,373
583
213
370
1,321
9,573
8,320
1,252
603
207
396
1,465
9,800
8,605
1,195
506
189
317
1,374
6,251
5,598
653
531
165
366
1,363
6,677
5,962
714
63,445
64,538
55,763
56,613
5,815
5,908
4,903
5,159
3,579
1,446
2,133
6,991
52,875
44,331
8,544
3,532
1,356
2,175
6,913
54,093
45,473
8,620
3,159
1,290
1,869
6,124
46,481
38,803
7,678
3,139
1,216
1,923
5,934
47,540
39,749
7,791
331
121
210
678
4,805
4,117
687
313
107
205
748
4,846
4,218
628
282
93
189
831
3,789
3,415
374
317
100
218
825
4,017
3,591
426
51,333
52,831
44,111
45,128
5,662
5,960
3,229
3,412
290
99
191
716
4,954
4,387
567
224
96
128
543
2,461
2,183
278
214
65
149
538
2,659
2,371
288
3,280
1,237
2,043
6,179
43,372
37,059
6,313
3,283
1,288
1,995
6,267
41,784
35,730
6,054
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
2,958
1,166
1,792
5,441
35,712
30,353
5,359
2,901
1,093
1,807
5,267
36,960
31,377
5,582
1988
252
92
159
643
4,768
4,203
565
1988
1989
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-63. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)
White
Total
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black
Hispanic origin
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
5.4
5.2
4.5
4.4
12.2
11.5
8.7
8.0
15.9
18.7
14.0
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.0
15.9
18.2
14.4
8.6
3.8
4.0
3.0
13.6
16.3
11.8
6.9
3.4
3.6
2.7
13.3
16.1
11.5
7.1
3.3
3.4
2.6
34.1
38.7
31.1
22.9
8.6
9.1
5.3
35.6
37.4
34.6
18.5
8.3
8.7
5.3
26.8
32.1
23.2
10.5
6.5
6.3
7.5
22.2
27.9
19.3
9.4
6.4
6.4
5.9
5.3
5.0
4.5
4.2
12.1
11.8
8.5
7.0
16.0
18.3
14.3
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.2
16.2
19.3
14.2
8.4
3.7
3.9
3.0
13.8
16.0
12.2
6.9
3.5
3.6
2.9
13.7
17.0
11.5
7.0
3.2
3.3
2.6
31.7
36.4
28.7
23.3
8.4
9.0
5.1
35.8
39.2
33.9
17.7
8.6
9.0
5.8
26.2
32.9
22.3
10.2
6.5
6.2
9.0
21.2
27.5
18.0
7.6
5.5
5.4
6.8
5.5
5.4
4.6
4.5
12.3
11.3
9.0
9.5
15.9
19.0
13.7
9.0
4.1
4.3
2.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.8
4.0
4.2
2.9
13.4
16.5
11.3
7.0
3.4
3.5
2.4
12.9
15.1
11.5
7.1
3.4
3.6
2.7
37.0
41.4
34.1
22.4
8.8
9.2
5.5
35.4
35.2
35.5
19.2
8.0
8.4
4.7
27.5
31.3
24.5
10.9
6.4
6.5
5.4
23.5
28.5
21.0
11.9
7.6
8.0
4.6
63
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-64. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Weeks of unemployment
White
Black
Hispanic origin
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
1988
II
1989
6,577
3,159
1,712
1,706
862
844
6,412
3,230
1,738
1,443
771
672
4,758
2,364
1,212
1,182
607
575
4,660
2,363
1,275
1,022
576
446
1,594
690
437
468
224
244
1,547
776
399
372
172
200
777
399
211
167
90
76
745
403
211
130
73
58
13.7
5.5
12.1
5.0
13.1
5.1
11.8
4.9
15.8
6.8
13.0
5.0
11.7
4.9
10.5
4.6
100.0
48.0
26.0
25.9
13.1
12.8
100.0
50.4
27.1
22.5
12.0
10.5
100.0
49.7
25.5
24.8
12.8
12.1
100.0
50.7
27.4
21.9
12.4
9.6
100.0
43.3
27.4
29.3
14.0
15.3
100.0
50.1
25.8
24.1
11.1
12.9
100.0
51.4
27.2
21.5
11.6
9.8
100.0
54.1
28.3
17.5
9.8
7.7
II
1988
1989
DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-65. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Reasons for unemployment
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
II
1988
II
1989
6,577
2,961
736
2,225
866
1,785
965
6,412
2,718
716
2,002
934
1,932
828
4,758
2,185
603
1,582
671
1,265
637
4,660
2,028
602
1,426
728
1,377
527
1,594
687
114
574
174
451
282
1,547
610
100
511
168
490
278
777
395
77
318
94
161
127
745
355
71
284
93
199
97
100.0
45.0
11.2
33.8
13.2
27.1
14.7
100.0
42.4
11.2
31.2
14.6
30.1
12.9
100.0
45.9
12.7
33.2
14.1
26.6
13.4
100.0
43.5
12.9
30.6
15.6
29.5
11.3
100.0
43.1
7.1
36.0
10.9
28.3
17.7
100.0
39.5
6.4
33.0
10.9
31.7
18.0
100.0
50.9
10.0
41.0
12.1
20.7
16.4
100.0
47.7
9.5
38.1
12.5
26.8
13.1
2.4
.7
1.5
.8
2.2
.8
1.6
.7
2.1
.6
1.2
.6
1.9
.7
1.3
.5
5.3
1.3
3.4
2.2
4.5
1.3
3.7
2.1
4.4
1.1
1.8
1.4
3.8
1.0
2.1
1.0
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
J o b leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
.
.
.
.
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemDloved
Job losers
On layoff
Other iob losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
64
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-66. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
II
1988
1989
II
1988
1989
1989
1988
1988
II
1989
1988
1989
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
7,898
5,967
723
2,216
3,028
1,931
7,924
5,563
508
1,796
3,259
2,361
7,276
5,691
684
2,102
2,905
1,585
7,247
5,284
471
1,694
3,118
1,964
6,992
5,453
626
2,023
2,803
1,539
7,001
5,092
434
1,620
3,037
1,910
284
238
58
78
102
46
246
192
37
74
81
54
3.9
4.2
8.4
3.7
3.5
2.9
3.4
3.6
7.8
4.4
2.6
2.7
20,286
9,040
6,756
4,490
21,340
9,336
7,355
4,649
19,110
8,543
6,398
4,169
20,202
8,909
6,961
4,332
18,341
8,171
6,161
4,009
19,436
8,537
6,710
4,188
769
372
237
159
766
371
251
144
4.0
4.4
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.2
3.6
3.3
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age
Black
White
Nonveterans
Hispanic origin
II
1988
1989
II
1988
1989
582
520
485
34
6.6
537
490
453
37
7.5
270
264
247
17
6.5
223
197
188
9
4.6
113
71
60
50
10
16.0
52
50
44
6
28
22
21
1
O
184
10
5.1
184
165
145
19
11.7
241
223
214
9
4.2
282
266
258
8
3.1
1988
1989
5,288
5,081
4,887
194
3.8
4,945
4,716
4,563
597
569
528
41
7.3
433
408
381
27
6.6
1,944
1,572
1,492
1,438
54
3.6
228
1,867
1,802
65
3.5
2,747
2,645
2,557
88
3.3
2,941
2,817
2,744
72
2.6
White
II
1988
Black
II
1989
Hispanic origin
1988
1989
1988
II
1989
2,044
1,820
2,169
1,776
1,937
1,634
168
1,934
1,768
166
1,539
95
9.2
8.6
5.8
1,793
1,696
97
5.4
779
720
TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
153
3.2
17,425 18,284
16,566 17,466
15,992 16,897
574
569
3.5
3.3
1,652
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
102
87
15
14.6
0
7,811
7,450
7,161
289
3.9
7,964
7,668
7,401
268
3.5
932
838
761
77
9.2
981
885
797
87
9.9
680
40
5.5
864
813
773
40
5.0
95
92
86
7
7.5
68
64
61
3
4.5
5,802
5,538
5,363
175
3.2
6,329
6,035
673
604
551
53
8.7
731
655
604
51
7.9
558
518
487
31
6.0
605
546
512
35
6.3
123
122
117
4
3.4
127
111
106
5
4.2
3,812
3,578
3,467
111
3.1
3,991
3,763
3,650
439
378
340
38
10.2
457
394
367
27
6.8
440
396
371
24
6.1
467
433
411
22
5.2
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
194
5,847
188
3.1
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
113
3.0
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Detail for the above race
and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.
65
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-68. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
II
1988
1989
With unemployment:
With unemployment:
Percent of families:
Percent of families:
Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
families
Total
With at
Total
With no With at
least one families
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
person in
in
employed
family
family
full time
Total
With no
employed
person
in
family
With at
With at
least one
least one
person in
employed
family
person in
employed
family
full time
TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of
age .
age .
age .
64,249
31,485
50,767
23,955
10,540
6,327
2,943
27.7
31.1
18.0
17.6
51.0
63.1
38.1
54.6
72.3
68.9
82.0
82.4
49.0
36.9
61.9
45.4
63.2
59.9
73.3
73.4
39.0
27.8
51.6
37.7
64,995
31,248
51,305
23,752
23.8
25.7
17.4
16.9
47.5
58.5
33.3
45.6
76.2
74.3
82.6
83.1
52.5
41.5
66.7
54.4
66.7
64.9
73.8
74.1
41.0
31.2
54.5
43.0
55,725
25,979
59.6
52.1
79.7
79.7
44.5
30.5
50.0
O
51.6
44.6
71.6
71.4
36.3
23.2
41.8
O
7,291
4,132
98
49
40.4
47.9
20.3
20.3
55.5
69.5
50.0
O
565
392
411
305
114
70
30.5
32.2
22.4
22.0
56.5
67.1
69.5
67.8
77.6
78.0
43.5
32.9
58.0
56.8
66.2
65.8
4,717
2,958
3,308
2,124
1,036
713
373
121
4,951
2,962
3,370
2,058
1,269
773
312
age .
1,202
130
Total families
With children under 18 years of age .
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of age .,
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of age .
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of age .
55,317
26,323
45,910
21,286
3,677
2,165
2,801
10,801
6,378
2,889
1,119
4,926
2,817
3,374
1,938
1,278
770
274
108
27.3
30.7
17.3
17.4
50.4
60.3
42.3
58.3
72.7
69.3
82.7
82.6
49.6
39.7
57.7
41.7
64.2
61.9
74.4
75.2
40.5
32.2
50.0
34.3
3,639
23.8
25.9
17.4
17.3
45.7
55.5
36.6
46.6
76.2
74.1
82.6
82.7
54.3
44.5
63.4
53.4
68.3
66.9
75.0
75.6
44.8
37.0
55.7
46.6
1,127
664
497
287
554
347
76
30
38.7
45.6
16.7
17.1
56.3
66.0
53.9
61.3
54.4
83.3
82.9
43.7
34.0
46.1
O
51.3
46.1
71.7
74.1
34.7
26.5
38.2
O
578
394
30.3
32.2
20.9
22.0
69.7
64.0
63.2
74.3
73.6
33.9
32.6
O
O
White
7,124
4,113
2,284
1,680
678
407
198
924
79
7,095
4,087
3,458
1,111
1,822
301
551
341
46,150
20,978
7,336
4,139
2,238
862
2,065
2,757
1,581
699
411
183
73
Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of age .
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of age .
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of age .
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of age .
3,102
2,026
535
239
690
462
3,609
1,838
3,166
2,072
517
222
O
Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of age .
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of age .
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of age .
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of age .
1
4,489
2,903
3,165
2,082
971
690
354
131
39
16
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
66
0
0
0
O
31.3
25.7
1
()
O
416
296
124
86
38
12
58.9
64.0
O
O
67.8
79.1
78.0
41.1
36.0
0
O
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-69. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
II
1989
1988
Percent of unemployed:
Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
With no
employed
person in
family
With at
least one
employed
person in
family
With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time
Total
With no
employed
person in
family
With at
least one
employed
person in
family
With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time
TOTAL
1
Total unemployed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
29.7
37.2
43.7
15.2
14.0
9.7
70.3
62.8
56.3
84.8
86.0
90.3
61.9
48.9
42.5
78.0
79.9
85.2
534
441
862
114
59
176
82.2
89.7
32.8
74.3
(2)
31.5
17.8
10.3
67.2
25.7
(2)
68.5
10.6
4.5
56.8
19.9
(2)
61.9
64.6
48.3
43.8
77.1
76.5
86.0
3,780
885
508
830
485
1,164
26.3
38.7
44.8
14.5
13.2
9.1
73.7
61.3
55.2
85.5
86.8
90.9
65.7
48.1
41.3
79.0
81.1
86.4
19.9
12.5
69.6
42.3
(2)
77.6
12.2
5.2
56.7
26.5
(2)
69.6
289
227
429
65
32
119
75.5
85.9
29.4
24.5
14.1
70.6
71.5
(2)
27.7
28.5
(2)
72.3
14.7
6.1
61.3
19.5
(2)
67.1
40.8
39.0
41.6
28.6
28.7
12.1
59.2
61.0
58.4
71.4
71.3
87.9
50.9
51.7
48.1
61.0
60.9
82.8
1,314
156
98
128
39.5
30.0
40.1
21.0
19.4
11.9
60.5
70.0
59.9
79.0
80.6
88.1
51.1
52.8
46.8
68.8
71.8
81.3
85.4
89.2
33.4
14.6
10.8
66.6
7.1
3.7
56.7
90.4
93.8
36.4
9.6
6.2
63.6
5.3
2.8
52.2
62
30.7
69.3
56.9
233
206
420
41
23
42
646
152
115
107
79
206
32.7
38.5
40.8
22.2
24.4
14.5
67.3
61.5
59.2
77.8
75.6
85.5
55.9
42.8
38.9
66.7
61.8
77.9
617
124
32.1
51.1
59.2
13.4
17.7
9.8
67.9
48.9
40.8
86.6
82.3
90.2
62.2
43.3
34.3
78.8
76.0
85.0
38.1
61.9
56.6
70.3
63.5
60.1
82.4
82.3
90.3
61.1
48.4
43.9
74.9
74.5
85.3
5,267
1,088
636
1,535
29.7
36.5
39.9
17.6
17.7
9.7
534
462
880
149
75
201
83.2
88.6
31.6
64.0
87.4
25.5
16.8
11.4
68.4
36.0
12.6
74.5
9.4
4.4
56.9
25.5
1.2
65.4
3,894
966
591
781
484
1,224
25.9
36.0
39.5
15.7
15.9
9.0
74.1
64.0
60.5
84.3
84.1
91.0
264
226
445
92
41
121
80.1
87.5
30.4
57.7
(2)
22.4
1,336
143
107
142
105
269
257
226
414
50
5,409
1,151
728
960
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
618
998
592
1,496
White
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
31
87
293
Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
42
38
94
23
11
23
1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife or, other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns
43.4
56.6
44.3
86
139
99
186
59
50
68
20
5
20
used in aggregating the data.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
67
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent of employed:
Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
With no
other
employed
person in
family
With
another
employed
person in
family
With
another
person in
family
employed
full time
Total
With no
other
employed
person in
family
With
another
employed
person in
family
With
another
person in
family
employed
full time
TOTAL
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ....
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ....
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
93,120
38,669
22.139
27.670
14.840
12,454
22.2
29.3
31.2
8.1
4.6
6.8
77.8
70.7
68.8
91.9
95.4
93.2
66.8
52.8
47.4
87.1
91.3
88.9
94,730
39,255
22,067
28,643
15,043
12,046
21.7
28.3
30.4
8.1
4.2
6.4
78.3
71.7
69.6
91.9
95.8
93.6
67.2
53.5
48.1
87.1
92.1
90.0
5,965
3,862
4,561
2,128
1,010
1.672
63.5
79.8
24.2
52.1
79.1
14.9
36.5
20.2
75.8
47.9
20.9
85.1
24.1
9.1
67.0
37.0
10.6
78.2
6,221
3,981
4,718
2,103
952
1,744
61.9
78.6
23.7
51.3
78.2
15.7
38.1
21.4
76.3
48.7
21.8
84.3
25.0
9.6
66.9
37.9
12.0
77.0
81,492
35,028
19,846
24,719
13,046
11,089
21.6
29.7
31.9
7.9
4.2
6.7
78.4
70.3
68.1
92.1
95.8
93.3
67.1
51.7
45.6
87.5
91.8
89.2
82,443
35,366
19,649
25.423
13,149
10,650
20.9
30.9
7.7
3.7
6.2
79.1
71.3
69.1
92.3
96.3
93.8
67.6
52.5
46.4
87.6
92.7
90.3
4,247
2,712
3,383
1,708
812
1.317
61.2
78.7
24.1
51.1
78.2
14.4
38.8
21.3
75.9
48.9
21.8
85.6
25.6
9.3
67.2
38.0
11.0
79.2
4,418
2,770
3,537
1,696
760
1,353
58.8
77.0
23.8
50.4
77.4
14.1
41.2
23.0
76.2
49.6
22.6
85.9
27.0
9.8
67.1
38.4
12.4
79.7
8,789
2,568
1,588
2,056
1.241
955
28.6
23.9
22.9
11.0
7.7
8.5
71.4
76.1
77.1
89.0
92.3
91.5
62.7
65.9
66.8
83.1
87.1
85.7
9,115
2,651
1,605
2,197
1,272
959
28.9
22.9
23.1
12.5
9.4
71.1
77.1
76.9
87.5
91.5
90.6
62.1
64.9
65.0
81.9
87.2
86.1
1.551
1,052
1,045
337
173
111
70.2
82.3
25.4
57.2
82.9
17.9
29.8
17.7
74.6
42.8
17.1
82.1
19.4
8.8
64.9
33.1
8.7
73.7
1,644
70.5
82.9
23.1
58.8
82.1
24.3
29.5
17.1
76.9
41.2
17.9
75.7
19.6
8.9
66.4
6.570
2,554
1,824
1,594
998
1,033
25.2
37.5
41.3
8.3
7.1
6.3
74.8
62.5
58.7
91.7
92.9
93.7
64.6
48.6
43.2
84.7
86.5
85.7
7,084
2,735
1,904
1,747
1,116
1,042
23.3
35.7
37.8
7.1
5.0
5.2
76.7
64.3
62.2
92.9
95.0
94.8
67.2
50.7
47.5
86.9
88.4
89.9
446
296
366
279
110
297
65.0
78.2
23.1
40.2
69.7
4.4
35.0
21.8
76.9
59.8
30.3
95.6
27.0
13.8
64.0
52.3
25.5
89.9
512
341
451
286
100
312
56.1
69.5
16.1
38.0
71.0
9.1
43.9
30.5
83.9
62.0
29.0
90.9
31.9
19.9
74.9
56.3
21.8
83.4
White
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
28.7
Black
1
Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ...
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ...
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
1.117
1,056
319
170
291
8.5
31.7
8.4
65.2
Hispanic origin
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns
68
used in aggregating the data.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-71. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic
origin
Type of family, number of
earners, race, and
Hispanic origin
Number of families
1988
1989
42,637
33,839
12,400
9,532
2,121
43,198
34,052
12,175
9,293
2,180
Median weekly earnings
1988
1989
$597
$622
698
419
492
244
234
850
866
781
557
501
340
269
279
231
570
491
342
720
TOTAL
1
Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners
947
998
2,087
2,119
1,209
2,245
2,107
1,192
910
916
668
418
490
232
236
809
820
804
466
507
330
258
267
224
559
493
379
713
36,570
30,173
11,207
8,743
1,814
18,966
16,766
4,725
1,671
36,640
30,095
10,766
8,349
1,806
19,328
17,208
4,959
1,586
616
676
433
498
237
813
823
349
505
647
708
434
501
245
857
872
363
510
4,828
2,734
5,145
2,859
859
565
230
971
609
296
1,875
1,682
1,740
1,888
1,697
1,858
354
428
432
583
292
324
202
736
766
278
410
439
586
307
374
234
765
778
285
385
3,351
2,571
1,081
3,331
2,447
447
489
304
311
259
662
690
291
392
451
508
294
314
209
681
707
327
403
747
703
21,439
18,976
1,806
21,876
19,501
1,736
465
192
505
135
6,679
4,592
3,645
7,039
4,794
3,796
White
Total families with earners1
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Black
1
Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total families with earners1
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
person maintaining the family is either self-employed or
in the Armed Forces.
903
127
970
826
105
1,490
1,237
1,477
1,230
479
301
588
295
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
69
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-72. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings
Type of family and relationship
of unemployed members to wage
and salary earners
Number of families
Median weekly earnings
II
1988
1989
2,405
2,405
$455
$473
Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other eamer(s)
Other earner(s) only
680
93
67
67
627
89
62
62
252
272
0
0
0
0
(2)
0
Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other earner(s) ...
Other earner(s) only
708
102
13
792
663
106
24
398
356
709
419
399
692
0
0
Other member(s) unemployed ...
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners
1,017
406
577
34
986
342
620
23
696
598
111
691
526
868
0
0
567
78
489
536
107
428
283
0
310
307
193
334
158
109
321
378
Married-couple families1
1
Families maintained by women .
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed..
1
Families maintained by men
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
person maintaining the family is either self-employed or
70
592
II
1988
II
1989
in the Armed Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY DATA
A-73.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Median weekly earnings
II
1988
II
1989
Total, 16 years and over
82,731
84,359
$382
$398
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
48,211
6,817
41,394
49,046
6,695
42,350
445
259
487
467
267
498
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
34,520
5,306
29,213
35,314
5,231
30,082
314
230
333
324
239
349
31,127
17,903
4,583
1,682
31,190
18,525
4,750
1,652
499
323
308
405
512
338
317
415
6,637
4,431
8,759
7,609
6,530
4,210
9,667
7,836
263
244
412
344
273
257
433
356
White
Men
Women
71,025
42,053
28,972
72,022
42,628
29,393
391
462
317
407
479
329
Black
Men
Women
9,234
4,794
4,441
9,510
4,873
4,637
315
349
287
324
362
302
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
6,256
4,011
2,244
6,634
4,190
2,443
292
308
263
289
304
263
II
1988
II
1989
SEX AND AGE
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1
.
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
' The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.
71
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-74. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
II
1988
II
1989
Total, 16 years and over
18,413
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Median weekly earnings
II
1988
1989
19,150
$104
$110
5,849
3,313
2,536
5,994
3,342
2,652
97
83
123
103
87
131
12,563
4,064
8,499
13,157
4,060
9,097
108
78
127
113
85
133
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
1,557
6,583
974
154
1,568
6,799
1,044
140
122
130
112
126
138
136
120
136
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1
3,131
3,491
1,006
1,515
3,151
3,556
1,135
1,758
81
75
122
111
86
82
117
116
White
Men
Women
16,033
4,891
11,141
16,714
5,063
11,651
105
97
109
110
102
114
Black
Men
Women
1,788
710
1,077
1,889
710
1,180
99
95
102
105
100
108
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1,225
438
787
1,246
497
749
101
105
98
110
117
107
SEX AND AGE
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
72
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will
not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are
not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY DATA
A-75.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Occupation and sex
1988
II
1989
22,558
11,284
11,274
25,447
3,076
8,054
14,318
8,620
331
1,803
6,486
11,270
3,998
3,773
3,499
15,089
7,554
3,899
3,635
1,375
$543
533
550
345
447
385
317
243
129
400
226
430
448
416
423
317
309
386
273
221
$581
582
580
358
478
389
327
253
150
435
234
461
465
452
462
319
310
397
286
245
11,807
6,178
5,629
9,263
1,661
4,524
3,079
4,372
14
1,579
2,779
10,375
3,935
3,612
2,828
11,054
4,527
3,652
2,875
1,340
12,398
6,612
5,786
9,378
1,675
4,626
3,077
4,404
38
1,572
2,795
10,423
3,860
3,717
2,847
11,237
4,420
3,689
3,128
1,204
662
682
643
475
504
491
421
287
685
689
682
485
548
496
427
299
406
252
445
449
417
472
355
371
392
285
228
453
257
475
465
454
500
361
381
403
291
250
9,739
4,415
5,324
15,692
1,282
3,206
11,204
4,308
313
155
3,840
956
170
59
726
3,646
2,861
232
553
178
10,160
4,672
5,488
16,069
1,400
3,428
11,241
4,215
292
232
3,691
847
137
57
653
3,852
3,134
211
507
171
459
419
483
304
383
268
303
210
126
340
213
311
396
(')
293
236
237
274
218
186
490
466
505
314
408
275
313
217
146
337
220
305
473
1988
1989
21,546
10,592
10,954
24,955
2,943
7,730
14,283
8,680
327
1,734
6,618
11,331
4,105
3,672
3,554
14,700
7,388
3,885
3,428
1,518
TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
O
O
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
O
290
251
248
287
251
213
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
73
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural areas
by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
United States
Metropolitan areas
Central
cities
Total
Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Suburbs
1988
II
1989
1988
II
1989
144,589
97,391
67.4
92,449
4,942
5.1
47,198
57,216
36,926
64.5
34,403
2,523
6.8
20,290
57,102
37,022
64.8
34,516
2,506
6.8
20,080
86,296
58,916
68.3
56,397
2,519
4.3
27,380
87,488
60,370
69.0
57,933
2,436
4.0
27,118
62,539
49,432
79.0
47,208
2,223
4.5
13,107
63,302
50,099
79.1
47,988
2,111
4.2
13,204
24,616
18,898
76.8
17,749
1,149
6.1
5,718
24,582
18,777
76.4
17,668
1,109
5.9
5,805
37,923
30,534
80.5
29,460
1,074
3.5
7,389
38,720
31,322
80.9
30,320
1,002
3.2
7,398
90,425
51,951
57.5
49,551
2,400
4.6
38,475
69,672
40,076
57.5
38,257
1,818
4.5
29,596
70,311
41,082
58.4
39,232
1,849
4.5
29,229
28,333
15,857
56.0
14,926
931
5.9
12,476
28,396
16,089
56.7
15,138
951
5.9
12,307
41,339
24,218
58.6
23,331
887
3.7
17,121
41,915
24,992
59.6
24,094
898
3.6
16,923
14,574
8,161
56.0
6,861
1,300
15.9
6,413
14,243
8,098
56.9
6,812
1,286
15.9
6,145
11,301
6,335
56.1
5,335
1,000
15.8
4,966
10,976
6,211
56.6
5,229
982
15.8
4,765
4,267
2,171
50.9
1,729
443
20.4
2,096
4,123
2,155
52.3
1,710
446
20.7
1,968
7,034
4,164
59.2
3,606
557
13.4
2,870
6,853
4,055
59.2
3,519
536
13.2
2,797
158,048
104,633
66.2
99,875
4,758
4.5
53,415
159,198
106,401
66.8
101,741
4,660
4.4
52,798
121,454
81,524
67.1
77,957
3,567
4.4
39,930
121,971
82,569
67.7
79,072
3,497
4.2
39,402
42,778
27,902
65.2
26,427
1,475
5.3
14,876
42,474
27,839
65.5
26,365
1,474
5.3
14,636
78,676
53,621
68.2
51,529
2,092
3.9
25,055
79,497
54,731
68.8
52,707
2,023
3.7
24,766
20,651
13,071
63.3
11,477
1,594
12.2
7,580
20,985
13,415
63.9
11,868
1,547
11.5
7,569
17,090
11,069
64.8
9,762
1,307
11.8
6,021
17,400
11,308
65.0
10,018
1,290
11.4
6,092
11,924
7,377
61.9
6,418
959
13.0
4,547
12,049
7,479
62.1
6,534
945
12.6
4,570
5,166
3,692
71.5
3,344
348
9.4
1,474
5,350
3,829
71.6
3,484
344
9.0
1,522
13,268
8,908
67.1
8,131
111
8.7
4,360
13,731
9,316
67.8
8,571
745
8.0
4,415
12,372
8,280
66.9
7,583
697
8.4
4,093
12,687
8,607
67.8
7,929
678
7.9
4,080
7,231
4,686
64.8
4,251
435
9.3
2,545
7,440
4,832
64.9
4,398
435
9.0
2,608
5,142
3,594
69.9
3,332
262
7.3
1,548
5,247
3,775
71.9
3,531
244
6.5
1,472
1988
1988
1989
184,389
121,355
65.8
114,778
6,577
5.4
63,034
186,178
123,780
66.5
117,368
6,412
5.2
62,398
143,512
95,843
66.8
90,801
5,042
5.3
47,670
80,418
62,757
78.0
59,866
2,891
4.6
17,661
81,510
63,732
78.2
61,006
2,726
4.3
17,778
89,397
50,437
56.4
48,051
2,386
4.7
38,960
1989
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
74
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural
areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonfarm
Farm
Total
Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
II
1988
1988
Rural
areas
Urban
areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
II
1989
1988
1989
1988
1989
II
1988
II
1989
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
40,877
25,513
62.4
23,978
1,535
6.0
15,364
41,588
26,389
63.5
24,919
1,470
5.6
15,200
2,920
2,055
70.4
2,017
37
1.8
865
2,705
1,888
69.8
1,852
36
1.9
816
37,957
23,458
61.8
21,960
1,498
6.4
14,499
38,884
24,501
63.0
23,067
1,434
5.9
14,383
135,653
89,853
66.2
84,882
4,971
5.5
45,801
136,205
90,877
66.7
85,993
4,884
5.4
45,328
48,736
31,503
64.6
29,897
1,606
5.1
17,233
49,972
32,903
65.8
31,375
1,528
4.6
17,069
17,865
13,314
74.5
12,646
668
5.0
4,551
18,195
13,626
74.9
13,011
615
4.5
4,570
1,394
1,170
84.0
1,156
15
1.3
223
1,300
1,080
83.1
1,069
11
1.0
220
16,471
12,144
73.7
11,491
653
5.4
4,328
16,896
12,546
74.3
11,942
604
4.8
4,350
58,594
45,949
78.4
43,739
2,211
4.8
12,645
59,075
46,286
78.4
44,193
2,092
4.5
12,789
21,810
16,796
77.0
16,116
680
4.1
5,013
22,423
17,439
77.8
16,805
634
3.6
4,984
19,739
10,373
52.5
9,805
568
5.5
9,366
20,126
10,876
54.0
10,326
550
5.1
9,250
1,262
714
56.6
705
9
1.3
548
1,195
679
56.8
666
13
1.9
516
18,477
9,659
52.3
9,100
559
5.8
8,819
18,931
10,197
53.9
9,659
538
5.3
8,733
66,628
38,088
57.2
36,288
1,800
4.7
28,539
67,038
38,891
58.0
37,041
1,850
4.8
28,148
22,783
12,360
54.3
11,774
586
4.7
10,423
23,399
13,067
55.8
12,517
550
4.2
10,332
3,273
1,826
55.8
1,526
300
16.4
1,447
3,267
1,887
57.8
1,583
304
16.1
1,380
264
170
64.5
157
13
7.7
94
209
129
61.6
117
12
9.5
80
3,009
1,656
55.0
1,369
287
17.3
1,353
3,058
1,758
57.5
1,466
292
16.6
1,300
10,432
5,815
55.7
4,855
961
16.5
4,616
10,092
5,700
56.5
4,759
942
16.5
4,391
4,143
2,346
56.6
2,007
339
14.5
1,797
4,151
2,397
57.8
2,053
344
14.4
1,754
36,594
23,109
63.2
21,918
1,191
5.2
13,485
37,227
23,831
64.0
22,669
1,163
4.9
13,396
2,839
2,002
70.5
1,969
33
1.7
837
2,654
1,857
70.0
1,823
34
1.8
797
33,755
21,107
62.5
19,949
1,158
5.5
12,648
34,573
21,974
63.6
20,846
1,129
5.1
12,599
112,898
75,230
66.6
71,837
3,392
4.5
37,669
112,807
75,679
67.1
72,321
3,358
4.4
37,128
45,149
29,403
65.1
28,037
1,366
4.6
15,746
46,391
30,722
66.2
29,420
1,302
4.2
15,669
3,561
2,003
56.2
1,715
288
14.4
1,559
3,585
2,107
58.8
1,850
258
12.2
1,478
63
42
66.3
38
3
1
()
21
3,499
1,961
56.0
1,677
284
14.5
1,538
3,552
2,086
58.7
1,830
256
12.3
1,466
17,722
11,344
64.0
9,941
1,402
12.4
6,378
18,106
11,661
64.4
10,302
1,359
11.7
6,445
2,930
1,728
59.0
1,536
192
11.1
1,202
2,878
1,754
60.9
1,566
188
10.7
1,124
628
70.2
548
80
12.7
267
1,044
709
67.9
642
67
9.4
335
10
851
594
69.7
515
78
13.2
258
1,010
685
67.8
618
67
9.7
325
12,256
8,194
66.9
7,489
705
8.6
4,061
12,591
8,520
67.7
7,834
686
8.1
4,072
1,013
714
70.5
643
71
10.0
299
1,140
796
69.9
737
59
7.4
343
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
24
10
included in both the white and black population groups. These data are based on
1980 census designations and are not comparable to data published through the
first quarter of 1984.
75
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-77. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, race, and
Hispanic origin
Poverty
areas
Nonpoverty
areas
1988
1989
1988
27,536
15,640
56.8
13,953
1,688
10.8
9.5
9.7
27.4
26.3
28.6
11,896
27,400
15,720
57.4
14,126
1,594
10.1
8.5
9.0
28.7
26.6
31.1
11,681
156,854
105,715
67.4
100,826
4,890
4.6
3.9
4.0
14.2
14.4
14.1
51,138
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Total United States
1989
Poverty
areas
II
1988
1989
Nonpoverty
areas
1988
1989
Nonpoverty
areas
Poverty
areas
1988
1989
1988
1989
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force
158,777 18,174 18,049 125,338 126,541
108,060 10,244 10,230 85,598 87,161
68.3
56.7
68.9
56.4
68.1
9,079 81,760 83,370
9,041
103,243
3,838 3,791
4,818
1,204
1,151
4.5
4.5
4.3
11.8
11.2
3.7
3.8
3.6
9.6
10.8
4.0
3.8
3.9
9.9
10.3
13.8
14.2
13.9
30.0
28.4
14.6
14.7
14.6
28.7
28.8
13.0
13.8
13.1
31.3
28.0
50,717
7,818 39,740 39,380
7,930
9,362
5,396
57.6
4,912
484
9.0
7.3
8.4
25.4
21.9
29.9
3,966
9,352
5,489
58.7
5,046
443
8.1
6.6
7.2
26.1
22.6
30.6
3,862
31,515
20,117
63.8
19,066
1,052
5.2
4.4
4.7
14.2
13.2
15.3
11,398
32,237
20,899
64.8
19,873
1,027
4.9
4.0
4.5
13.8
14.7
12.9
11,337
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force
16,562 16,603 141,486 142,595
9,761 94,927 96,640
9,705
67.1
58.6
67.8
58.8
8,938 9,002 90,936 92,739
767
3,901
759 3,991
7.9
4.2
4.0
7.8
7.1
3.6
3.3
6.6
6.7
3.6
3.6
7.2
20.8
12.9
12.6
20.6
20.4
13.1
13.1
19.3
21.2
12.7
11.9
22.1
6,856 6,843 46,559 45,955
9,782
5,661
57.9
5,147
514
9.1
8.4
7.6
22.2
23.1
21.2
4,121
9,733
5,652
58.1
5,145
507
9.0
7.4
8.6
22.6
22.5
22.8
4,081
111,672
75,863
67.9
72,810
3,053
4.0
3.4
3.4
12.8
13.3
12.4
35,810
112,238
76,917
68.5
73,927
2,990
3.9
3.2
3.4
12.4
12.8
11.9
35,321
6,780
4,044
59.6
3,791
253
6.3
5.3
5.5
18.6
16.6
21.3
2,736
6,870
4,109
59.8
3,857
251
6.1
5.5
5.3
17.2
14.6
20.8
2,762
29,814
19,065
63.9
18,126
938
4.9
4.1
4.4
13.1
12.5
13.8
10,749
30,357
19,723
65.0
18,811
911
4.6
3.6
4.3
13.2
14.2
12.0
10,634
9,907
5,357
54.1
4,510
847
15.8
14.2
14.0
39.6
37.1
42.5
4,550
9,707 10,745 11,277
8,054
5,361
7,715
55.2
71.4
71.8
4,580
6,967
7,288
747
781
767
9.7
14.6
9.5
8.2
12.8
8.1
8.2
11.8
8.0
30.4
42.0
30.6
28.2
39.0
33.4
33.1
45.1
27.5
3,030 3,223
4,347
7,643
4,176
54.6
3,524
651
15.6
14.9
13.3
37.8
37.5
38.3
3,468
7,521
4,139
55.0
3,527
612
14.8
14.0
11.5
40.9
37.8
44.1
3,381
9,447
6,893
73.0
6,238
655
9.5
7.9
8.2
29.1
27.8
30.7
2,554
9,879
7,168
72.6
6,491
677
9.4
7.8
8.1
31.2
34.6
27.2
2,711
2,263
1,181
52.2
985
196
16.6
12.2
16.9
45.7
2,187
1,221
55.9
1,053
168
13.8
9.0
13.0
45.4
1,298
821
63.3
730
92
11.2
10.0
8.1
1,398
886
63.4
797
89
10.1
10.0
7.6
26.4
O
O
O
O
4,660
2,791
59.9
2,460
332
11.9
10.1
10.7
28.5
26.:
31.;
1,868
4,609
2,723
59.1
2,421
302
11.1
8.2
12.3
25.8
25.9
25.7
1,886
9,122
6,593
72.3
6,150
443
6.7
4.9
7.0
20.2
19.3
21.7
2,529
4,303
2,554
59.4
2,256
298
11.7
10.0
10.4
28.1
25.2
31.6
1,749
4,230
2,487
58.8
2,211
275
11.1
8.0
12.4
25.9
26.2
25.5
1,743
8,070
5,726
71.0
5,327
399
7.0
5.6
5.3
25.2
26.0
24.2
2,344
8,457
6,121
72.4
5,717
403
6.6
4.7
7.0
19.9
19.5
20.7
2,336
357
237
66.5
204
33
14.1
11.1
13.7
O
O
O
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force
1,082
965
0
0
O
O
O
477
512
379
236
62.3
209
27
11.5
9.9
11.9
539
391
72.5
344
47
11.9
9.5
11.1
665
472
71.0
433
40
8.4
7.5
6.3
0
O
0
O
0
O
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force
• Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
76
8,608
6,117
71.1
5,672
445
7.3
5.8
5.7
25.9
26.1
25.6
2,492
119
143
148
O
0
0
193
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. These
data are based on 1980 census designations and are not comparable to data
published through the first quarter of 1984.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Construction
Service-producing
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate
Government
Federal
State
Local
Annual averages
1937
1938
1939
31,011
29,194
30,603
27,255
25,311
26,608
12,936
11,401
12,297
1,015
891
854
1,127
1,070
1,165
10,794
9,440
10,278
18,075
17,793
18,306
3,134
2,863
2,936
1940
1941
1942
32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754
28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897
13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565
925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194
10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584
74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212
25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
111
717
721
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
4,664
1,417
1,410
1,447
3,503
3,458
3,502
V)
1,762
0
(1)
o905
(1)
(1)
3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001
1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602
4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662
1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828
3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240
996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
0
O
O
O
O
01
()
(1)
O
O
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082
6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(1)
(')
O
O
O
,168
,250
,328
,415
,484
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907
8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798
2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
,536
,607
,668
,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125
20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403
64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335
5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548
5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029
15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110
5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676
17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063
9,765
9,619
9,901
10,100
10,339
0
O
0
o1
(1)
()
o1
(1)
()
01
()
o
o
(')1
()
f)
(1)
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1988:
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December.
1989:
January
February ...
March
April
MayP
Junep
1
105,561
105,768
105,954
106,207
106,475
106,824
107,097
88,199
88,418
88,578
88,736
88,991
89,299
89,574
25,265
25,323
25,303
25,313
25,384
25,460
25,513
726
725
725
719
717
712
711
5,139
5,150
5,153
5,163
5,162
5,191
5,213
19,400
19,448
19,425
19,431
19,505
19,557
19,589
80,296
80,445
80,651
80,894
81,091
81,364
81,584
5,542
5,557
5,572
5,581
5,596
5,616
5,634
6,027
6,038
6,051
6,071
6,086
6,104
6,125
19,096
19,139
19,182
19,188
19,229
19,282
19,328
6,672
6,678
6,686
6,695
6,710
6,726
6,744
25,597
25,683
25,784
25,888
25,986
26,111
26,230
2,956
2,958
2,967
2,985
2,986
2,983
2,981
4,062
4,071
4,079
4,088
4,081
4,085
4,085
10,344
10,321
10,330
10,398
10,417
10,457
10,457
107,442
107,711
107,888
108,101
108,308
108,488
89,897
90,124
90,291
90,475
90,625
90,773
25,626
25,629
25,646
25,671
25,661
25,610
711
711
714
720
722
710
5,267
5,270
5,252
5,279
5,278
5,270
19,648
19,648
19,680
19,672
19,661
19,630
81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,647
82,878
5,654
5,667
5,666
5,682
5,700
5,721
6,146
6,171
6,197
6,206
6,222
6,229
19,407
19,460
19,488
19,489
19,524
19,525
6,746
6,763
6,774
6,776
6,790
6,801
26,318
26,434
26,520
26,651
26,728
26,887
2,978
2,982
2,982
2,982
2,998
2,998
4,084
4,095
4,102
4,111
4,117
4,134
10,483
10,510
10,513
10,533
10,568
10,583
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989 P
Mining.
722
730
711
719
50.3
8.1
13.7
51.5
8.3
13.3
59.5
9.0
13.9
511
517
61.2
9.3
14.0
38.7
6.5
10.7
39.7
6.8
10.3
47.2
7.4
11.0
48.5
7.6
11.1
121.9
120.1
122.5
120.7
117.5
115.6
117.9
116.0
270.8
100.9
169.9
273.5
101.5
172.0
258.7
97.5
161.2
260.1
97.1
163.0
88.8
33.5
90.9
34.1
87.7
32.8
90.6
33.9
4,022
4,207
3,960
4,149
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
149.6
147.6
150.7
148.6
143.2
141.0
144.0
141.8
13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
406.8
201.1
205.7
409.7
201.8
207.9
394.0
196.1
197.9
395.3
196.0
199.3
115.6
42.3
36.5
16.7
117.9
43.0
37.7
16.8
114.7
41.5
35.2
17.7
118.1
42.6
37.1
17.8
5,141
5,341
5,121
5,320
14
142
144
147
Construction .
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .
16
161
162
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
714
396.3
5,481
1,362.7 1,423.0 1,331.7 1,381.4 1,431.3
731.3 768.0 716.2 746.0
45.3
45.2
47.9
49.8
590.2
583.5 605.2 570.2
796.3
275.4
520.9
821.2
291.1
530.1
775.3
236.4
538.9
823.4
266.2
557.2
2,982.4 3,096.9 3,013.8 3,114.7
661.3 671.2
642.5 662.1
170.4
172.9
183.2
179.9
532.3 549.7 540.7 549.5
489.7 513.0 492.9 511.4
197.1
192.7
198.8
198.3
208.0 214.7
206.1
214.7
June
1989P
Durable goods.
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
995.4 1,053.3
521.9
557.2
23.7
22.4
472.4
451.1
955.4 1,002.4
500.1
527.9
19.6
19.9
435.7 454.6
672.4
231.2
441.2
642.6
191.4
451.2
695.3
246.4
448.9
512
4,293
689.2
220.3
468.9
2,354.2 2,458.4 2,361.9 2,457.0
473.9 490.2 486.7 495.7
155.2
140.9
145.0
150.4
412.3 427.6 415.6 423.2
444.2 421.5 439.7
422.1
155.8
153.4
154.1
149.1
171.2
164.7
170.8
163.3
19,308 19,510 19,580 19,612 19,741
Manufacturing
May
1989 P
527
10
101
102
78
Apr.
1989
520
Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.
See footnotes at end of table.
June
1988
87,861 89,033 89,975 90,716 91,634 71,133 72,161 72,751 73,425 74,232
Total private.
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
May
1988
105,533 106,459 107,944 108,742 109,418
Total .
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals ....
June
1989P
13,186 13,336
13,362 13,390 13,488
11,395 11,497 11,573 11,584 11,627
7,612
7,683
7,727
7,739
7,769
757.8
83.1
206.6
167.7
35.2
268.9
107.4
72.4
24.7
35.1
43.8
69.5
48.6
85.9
634.8
70.6
182.1
148.2
30.8
221.7
85.9
57.9
21.1
34.1
37.7
52.5
37.0
70.2
650.9
77.3
181.0
147.0
31.0
227.6
90.6
58.8
21.5
33.2
38.5
54.9
38.6
71.6
628.4
67.3
180.6
146.4
31.1
220 A
86.7
57.8
21.5
31.5
37.1
52.7
39.5
70.6
638.2
73.3
182.2
147.8
31.3
222.1
88.3
57.8
21.5
31.5
37.2
53.4
40.2
70.0
651.6
761.2
85.7
206.4
168.0
34.9
269.0
106.4
72.2
24.1
37.5
44.2
69.9
45.8
86.0
779.3
93.1
205.6
167.1
35.0
275.8
111.7
73.3
24.5
36.7
45.1
72.4
47.4
87.3
768.0
89.3
208.3
169.0
35.6
271.3
109.1
72.6
24.8
35.0
43.8
70.0
49.4
85.3
783.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1972
SIC
PnHo
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
33
331
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
Production workers
Allemployees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
526.7
309.0
138.5
98.6
28.5
30.0
69.5
32.6
78.6
37.0
527.2
306.6
138.2
100.1
26.4
30.1
70.5
33.3
79.2
37.6
536.0
313.1
138.6
102.1
28.5
30.5
71.3
34.8
79.1
37.7
531.6
310.2
137.7
101.8
26.8
30.3
69.5
34.8
79.1
38.0
530.0
604.3
15.4
86.2
44.5
41.7
53.8
19.7
39.0
37.3
221.2
20.9
74.0
106.5
117.8
21.7
613.0
15.8
87.2
45.3
41.9
54.8
20.0
39.5
37.8
224.3
21.2
75.0
108.1
119.6
22.1
603.3
16.4
83.6
41.8
41.8
55.7
19.3
38.4
38.2
214.7
19.3
75.3
100.2
121.2
22.6
609.9
16.3
84.2
42.5
41.7
55.8
19.4
38.6
38.4
219.7
19.9
75.7
104.3
121.7
22.8
619.5
8.8
9.1
8.9
8.9
26.1
26.3
26.6
26.8
769.9
277.5
209.0
24.7
136.6
84.6
777.2
279.0
209.6
25.1
138.9
85.9
788.7
275.2
206.2
24.9
145.7
87.9
786.8
275.3
206.2
24.8
144.9
87.6
-
-
791.2
276.7
_
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
419.2
260.8
121.0
82.6
23.2
22.9
52.2
25.1
56.6
24.5
420.3
259.2
120.9
83.9
21.1
23.3
53.1
25.8
57.1
25.1
427.0
264.9
121.2
85.6
23.3
23.4
52.2
27.4
57.1
25.4
424.4
262.3
120.4
85.4
21.6
23.3
52.2
27.2
57.0
25.7
422.8
471.0
12.0
74.5
40.3
34.2
40.0
15.1
30.5
30.0
171.6
13.8
56.3
86.2
86.3
15.0
478.9
12.4
75.7
41.2
34.5
41.0
15.4
30.8
30.4
174.0
14.0
57.0
87.5
88.2
15.4
469.4
13.3
72.3
38.0
34.3
42.9
14.6
29.9
30.5
164.6
12.5
57.4
79.5
89.1
16.0
475.2
13.2
72.8
38.7
34.1
42.8
14.7
30.0
30.6
169.3
13.0
57.7
83.3
89.4
16.2
483.3
6.6
-
6.8
-
6.7
-
6.7
-
589.6
215.3
163.4
18.9
109.5
69.3
595.8
216.7
164.0
19.1
111.5
70.4
603.7
212.8
161.0
18.8
116.3
72.3
601.5
212.6
160.6
18.7
115.5
71.9
9.3
9.6
9.8
9.8
7.0
7.1
7.4
7.4
28.2
43.6
25.8
179.9
23.5
28.2
76.4
87.4
53.9
28.6
43.9
26.0
181.3
23.6
28.1
77.5
88.7
54.8
31.9
45.3
26.9
182.6
23.5
28.4
78.2
92.3
55.1
31.3
45.4
27.0
182.0
23.5
28.4
77.6
91.7
54.8
21.9
32.3
19.4
129.3
18.0
19.7
55.3
70.1
44.0
22.4
32.4
19.5
130.4
18.1
19.6
56.2
71.3
44.9
25.2
33.9
20.7
131.1
18.0
19.2
57.2
74.1
45.0
24.6
34.1
20.9
130.4
18.0
19.1
56.6
73.5
44.7
_
_
604.9
213.0
_
1,423.9 1,438.6 1,449.5 1,450.6 1,454.6 1,061.2 1,073.6 1,076.5 1,077.5 1,082.1
53.7
52.9
53.4
_
45.6
52.3
45.0
46.1
45.5
41.7
36.9
41.4
43.1
42.8
37.4
36.0
36.2
140.7 140.5 136.6 136.1
104.6 104.6 101.3 100.6
46.0
47.7
35.0
46.2
47.5
33.8
34.8
33.5
78.9
82.0
82.0
62.1
79.2
59.8
62.2
59.4
60.0
59.7
58.7
42.2
59.8
43.3
43.1
43.5
25.9
26.1
24.9
24.8
18.1
19.6
18.1
19.3
21.4
14.0
21.3
20.8
14.6
21.0
14.0
14.4
303.4 309.4 308.0 309.8
424.3 431.4 432.2 434.2
78.9
77.1
54.7
78.5
76.3
56.3
55.7
56.6
83.3
81.7
85.8
83.1
63.4
61.2
59.2
60.8
100.9 102.6 107.3 107.4
67.4
72.7
68.7
72.6
_
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.8
74.9
74.2
75.1
74.3
33.0
32.6
31.7
33.2
24.1
23.6
24.1
23.8
-
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
1972
SIC
Code
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
221.6
74.4
54.7
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
228.5
31.8
103.0
81.1
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
80
99.6
49.5
50.1
348
3483
3479
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ...
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee
See footnotes at end of table.
May
1988
120.3
78.0
42.3
76.8
42.8
3471
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
Production workers1
All employees
June
1988
100.6
50.1
50.5
230.8
32.1
103.6
82.4
122.4
79.4
43.0
77.0
42.9
222.5
75.2
54.2
Apr.
1989
101.9
50.6
51.3
237.1
33.6
106.9
84.0
129.1
83.4
45.7
73.1
40.7
227.4
78.1
55.8
May
1989P
101.4
50.1
51.3
236.3
33.4
106.3
83.9
129.9
83.8
46.1
72.3
40.1
227.5
78.4
55.6
June
1989P
May
1988
76.0
40.5
35.5
182.4
24.4
87.4
61.3
96.7
63.1
33.6
48.0
24.0
162.3
50.5
42.1
June
1988
77.0
41.1
35.9
184.9
24.7
88.2
62.6
98.2
64.1
34.1
47.9
23.8
162.4
50.7
41.6
Apr.
1989
77.9
41.3
36.6
189.7
25.9
90.6
63.7
102.6
66.7
35.9
43.8
21.4
164.9
52.4
42.5
May
1989P
77.3
40.8
36.5
189.2
25.7
90.0
63.9
103.2
66.9
36.3
43.5
21.2
164.9
52.6
42.6
June
1989P
_
2,070.3 2,087.1 2,148.4 2,152.6 2,162.1 1,246.8 1,254.0 1,303.1 1,307.7 1,312
_
97.9
98.3
92.2
93.2
61.3
65.0
64.3
61.9
27.4
27.8
24.4
24.6
14.0
16.4
16.0
14.3
70.5
70.5
67.8
68.6
47.3
48.3
47.6
48.6
105.4 104.4 111.7 110.4
74.9
80.1
81.5
73.8
80.3
80.3
75.4
76.3
51.2
56.8
51.9
56.7
226.2 230.0 236.6 238.0
138.6
145.6
140.0
146.7
86.6
86.0
81.9
84.3
51.5
51.7
54.1
53.6
16.3
42.0
34.3
27.0
16.5
42.0
34.7
27.3
310.2
312.6
48.8
18.5
146.9
57.8
22.6
48.8
18.2
146.6
56.7
22.5
169.3
34.7
20.8
28.4
247.4
43.8
42.3
22.4
30.8
16.8
18.1
470.4
414.6
185.8
129.5
263.4
31.0
232.4
171.0
34.8
21.0
28.7
249.2
44.1
42.7
22.7
30.8
16.9
18.3
474.9
418.9
186.8
130.3
265.0
31.0
234.0
16.7
42.5
36.2
28.2
334.7
53.2
19.4
157.2
61.8
23.5
179.2
36.0
21.2
29.5
256.2
46.0
43.7
22.4
31.5
17.7
18.9
473.7
418.7
188.
131.5
270.1
30.5
239.6
16.7
42.7
36.2
28.6
335.6
53.6
19.4
157.5
61.7
23.7
179.5
36.2
21.2
29.5
256.8
46.2
43.8
22.6
31.5
17.7
18.9
473.8
418.8
189.8
133.0
270.4
30.;
240.;
10.0
25.3
18.3
18.6
221.6
30.8
11.7
112.0
40.1
16.4
101.1
20.9
13.9
17.0
159.6
25.4
32.9
13.1
19.8
11.6
12.3
155.8
128.7
134.0
96.0
199.9
24.8
175.1
10.1
25.2
18.7
18.9
223.5
31.0
11.8
112.4
40.8
16.4
102.5
21.1
14.0
17.3
160.9
25.7
33.2
13.3
19.7
11.6
12.4
155.7
129.1
134.8
96.7
200.9
24.8
176.1
10.3
25.1
19.8
19.5
242.0
34.8
12.6
121.2
44.0
16.9
107.4
21.7
14.0
17.3
166.6
26.7
34.2
12.9
21.0
12.4
13.0
154.7
129.1
135.8
97.8
205.2
24.1
181.1
10.4
25.2
19.9
19.6
243.3
35.2
12.6
121.7
44.2
17.0
107.5
21.9
14.0
17.4
166.7
26.7
34.4
12.9
21.1
12.3
12.9
155.5
129.6
137.1
98.9
205.8
24.0
181.8
_
_
_
2,056.2 2,074.8 2,047.8 2,040.5 2,044.9 1,212.9 1,223.9 1,205.8 1,199.5 1,204
_
105.4 105.9 108.4 107.1
76.6
75.6
75.8
75.6
_
53.6
52.7
52.5
53.0
37.9
38.4
37.8
38.0
53.4
54.8
52.7
54.1
37.7
38.0
38.2
37.6
182.8
9O.i
58.7
137.0
29.4
22.8
36.4
185.1
91.4
59.4
138.i
29.;
22.8
36.8
186.3
90.8
60.8
137.8
29.
22.3
37.1
187.3
91.1
61.
137.9
28.6
22.,
37.
127.8
70.6
34.4
109.2
23.8
18.4
28.5
129.5
71.6
34.8
110.6
24.0
18.5
28.7
130.6
71.4
36.2
110.4
23.7
18.1
29.3
131.5
71.8
36.6
110.7
23.4
18.1
29.4
_
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
OOUc
Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Production workers
All employees
May
1988
197.2
27.0
78.8
15.9
26.6
82.3
60.4
567.1
111.6
455.5
630.9
39.0
259.5
256.1
153.5
27.6
68.4
June
1988
198.1
27.1
78.8
16.2
26.9
84.0
61.6
568.9
111.9
457.0
639.3
39.7
263.7
258.4
155.3
28.3
68.9
Apr.
1989
201.0
26.5
78.2
17.1
28.1
92.4
68.6
543.6
104.8
438.8
621.6
38.6
257.7
251.6
156.7
27.9
69.6
May
1989P
June
1989P
199.1
26.5
78.0
16.9
27.1
92.3
68.4
541.0
103.1
437.9
620.0
38.6
257.7
250.1
155.8
27.1
69.8
May
1988
143.3
23.2
52.1
11.6
20.0
56.8
40.2
237.8
66.2
171.6
354.7
25.2
102.1
171.3
107.7
20.8
52.3
June
1988
143.7
23.2
51.8
12.0
20.2
57.6
40.6
238.3
66.8
171.5
359.1
25.3
104.1
172.7
109.3
21.5
52.8
Apr.
1989
145.3
22.6
51.0
12.8
20.9
65.6
47.3
220.6
62.3
158.3
346.1
24.7
96.3
170.3
110.6
21.0
53.5
May
1989P
June
1989P
143.5
22.6
50.7
12.6
19.9
64.9
46.8
218.7
61.8
156.9
345.0
24.6
96.4
169.5
109.6
20.3
53.7
2,056.8 2,060.0 2,075.1 2,075.6 2,064.5 1,287.6 1,287.1 1,301.7 1,301.6 1,287.8
859.3 863.2 876.7 879.6 869.6 669.7 672.9 683.1
685.6 675.8
_
_
359.6 359.0 364.8 369.6
270.0 269.2 273.7 278.1
43.9
44.3
43.8
34.2
44.2
34.1
34.7
34.2
405.4 408.6 415.9
325.7 328.3 334.0 332.7
414.5
31.1
30.6
30.9
30.5
24.0
24.7
24.5
24.3
692.4 695.2 697.9 698.8
336.8 337.7 340.3 340.3
364.5 367.2 375.6 377.5
160.0
166.1
165.9
161.6
150.1
150.4
155.0
155.3
76.4
75.9
76.0
75.7
171.9
100.4
171.2
173.0
172.6
100.1
98.5
98.5
191.5
199.6
189.4
196.7
149.4
152.5
143.6
141.5
120.1
126.4
92.4
119.4
124.0
83.7
89.6
82.9
71.4
72.7
60.1
70.0
73.2
59.8
59.9
58.6
38.3
31.0
38.7
31.6
23.1
22.6
28.6
28.9
211.1
211.6 207.7 207.5
62.4
62.5
61.9
63.0
152.7
154.1
152.3
153.8
42.1
42.8
42.3
42.5
49.4
48.2
50.8
51.2
35.0
33.9
34.6
32.6
20.5
21.4
21.4
19.5
16.8
16.3
16.8
15.2
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ....
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
741.7
93.4
258.6
48.2
58.1
106.7
29.5
198.5
98.3
86.0
39.2
111.2
11.3
751.7
94.5
260.6
48.3
59.2
107.2
29.8
201.5
99.6
87.3
39.7
114.2
11.4
775.7
99.6
269.5
49.4
63.0
108.6
30.7
209.9
104.6
90.4
39.1
115.5
11.4
777.3
99.4
270.1
49.6
62.9
109.1
30.5
210.7
104.9
90.7
39.5
115.8
11.3
782.1
_
408.4
42.2
147.4
31.5
31.1
53.9
14.9
120.9
57.1
55.7
26.8
47.9
8.3
414.6
42.6
149.1
31.6
32.0
54.2
15.2
122.7
58.0
56.4
27.1
49.5
8.4
427.6
46.1
154.5
33.2
33.9
54.9
16.2
126.2
61.1
56.8
26.6
49.4
8.6
429.7
46.3
155.0
33.3
33.9
55.2
16.3
126.8
61.3
57.0
27.2
49.6
8.5
432.2
_
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles..
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
384.0
53.1
37.8
13.1
103.6
44.8
58.8
34.2
40.5
21.0
139.5
60.7
388.2
53.4
38.0
13.2
104.4
45.3
59.1
34.6
41.4
21.5
141.2
61.1
390.2
53.6
38.7
13.4
105.6
44.6
61.0
34.3
41.0
22.2
142.3
62.4
391.5
53.7
38.7
13.4
105.3
44.8
60.5
34.5
42.2
23.1
142.4
62.0
393.8
_
280.5
37.0
26.2
11.0
78.0
32.8
45.2
24.2
31.1
16.1
99.2
41.7
283.8
37.5
26.6
11.0
78.1
32.8
45.3
24.6
32.3
16.6
100.3
42.2
283.5
38.0
27.3
11.0
77.7
31.3
46.4
23.8
32.0
17.1
101.0
43.1
283.5
38.0
27.3
11.0
77.0
31.3
45.7
24.0
33.0
17.8
100.5
42.3
286.5
_
See footnotes at end of table.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ...,
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers1
All employees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
7,913 8,013 8,007 8,028 8,114 5,574 5,653 5,635 5,651 5,719
1,592.8 1,638.8 1,600.4 1,615.3 1,659.7 1,122.0 1,163.3 1,133.1 1,145.5 1,184.3
395.5 401.4 409.7 413.1
340.2 347.4 350.2
334.6
116.8
139.4 140.1 142.2 142.9
117.2 118.8 119.5
58.5
60.3
59.8
82.8
82.0
81.2
79.8
60.9
140.4 143.3 147.8 149.1
162.4 164.2
157.7
155.0
96.5 100.0
95.6
156.1 157.9
162.8
158.5
97.1
31.7
31.6
33.0
41.5
41.8
41.5
42.9
31.8
37.7
37.5
38.4
74.7
74.5
77.3
76.3
37.7
183.3 201.6 183.3 186.7
228.2 246.7 227.5 231.6
15.2
23.3
21.8
15.5
23.1
22.1
16.5
16.6
56.4
64.5
73.2
70.7
79.2
59.9
57.4
71.1
42.5
47.0
39.1
38.5
45.4
44.6
53.2
48.9
84.8
86.4
86.9
86.7
123.0 125.0 124.7 124.6
14.6
15.1
15.0
15.1
22.0
21.9
21.4
22.0
26.5
27.1
26.5
26.7
42.2
43.0
42.4
41.9
201.2 203.4 198.1 200.4
122.1
124.0 120.7 122.8
88.1
87.0
89.4
157.1 158.4 153.6 156.1
89.4
34.0
33.7
34.6
44.5
45.0
33.4
44.3
44.1
69.6
70.4
71.1
70.8
91.4
91.6
89.7
92.0
14.8
13.2
14.1
12.9
17.5
18.5
17.2
19.1
41.1
43.5
42.6
43.8
51.6
53.6
53.2
50.1
23.5
23.7
23.2
23.0
31.7
31.8
32.2
31.9
86.1
83.4
88.4
84.8
201.9 205.8 196.9 198.9
26.0
24.7
25.7
24.9
42.2
41.0
40.8
42.2
38.5
36.9
40.1
37.5
118.2
115.8
111.7 113.0
121.5
162.9 170.4 163.8 165.0
128.4 121.9 123.2
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
51.8
40.1
52.3
41.1
51.4
39.9
49.2
38.5
49.7
38.1
30.1
38.6
31.0
37.4
29.3
35.2
27.8
35.1
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool.
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
732.7
102.0
88.8
19.1
24.0
213.0
33.6
36.5
71.6
26.4
25.6
60.6
25.3
21.6
59.8
109.1
81.8
14.9
56.3
734.7
100.8
89.5
19.1
24.0
727.7
96.4
91.0
19.6
24.5
211.3
33.7
36.9
70.0
25.4
26.6
61.5
25.7
21.7
61.4
106.1
79.9
14.4
55.9
728.1
96.2
90.4
19.6
24.4
731.5
634.6
92.5
78.6
15.6
20.5
188.3
30.8
32.9
63.9
22.3
22.4
50.3
21.0
17.4
47.5
97.5
73.9
13.1
43.8
636.9
91.3
79.2
15.7
20.6
189.2
31.1
33.0
64.2
22.3
22.5
50.3
20.9
17.4
48.7
97.9
74.4
13.1
44.0
629.7
86.6
80.8
15.9
20.9
186.6
30.4
33.5
62.4
21.6
23.2
50.7
21.1
17.6
50.0
94.9
72.1
12.7
43.3
630.2
86.2
80.2
15.9
20.9
187.3
30.3
33.6
63.2
21.1
23.6
50.7
21.0
17.6
50.1
95.4
72.2
13.0
43.5
633.9
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2327
1,099.; 1,103.8 1,100.3 1,098.6 1,102.8
57.1
59.0
58.
57.5
302.8 304.9 300.9 301.3
77.3
75.0
75.0
77.7
50.9
50.0
50.3
51.1
91.4
92.2
91.4
92.5
349.8 349.6 342.0
338.5
44.4
43.0
45.1
42.7
78.4
77.0
79.0
75.5
37.2
37.8
38.3
38.6
184.
189.8 187.
181.7
924.4
50.3
261.2
66.1
44.4
80.0
292.6
36.8
65.2
30.4
160.
928.5
51.0
263.1
66.7
44.5
80.8
929.6
48.9
260.7
64.4
43.6
80.
287.0
35.6
64.;
31.5
155.7
927.4
49.4
931.8
See footnotes at end of table.
82
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
214.3
33.9
36.7
72.1
26.4
25.8
60.6
25.3
21.5
60.4
109.4
82.1
15.0
56.6
212.1
33.5
37.0
70.8
25.1
27.0
61.5
25.6
21.8
61.5
106.2
79.9
14.6
56.2
291.6
37.2
65.7
31.4
157.3
260.7
64.3
43.
81.0
283.3
35.3
62.
32.1
153.;
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
P n f 4p
UUUc
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Production workers
All employees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
71.6
57.6
14.0
58.4
22.8
43.0
198.2
25.5
51.9
42.1
72.0
58.0
14.0
59.2
22.8
43.4
198.3
25.6
51.9
42.3
70.8
56.9
13.9
56.5
22.2
44t2
210.1
25.8
55.8
44.8
70.3
56.4
13.9
57.0
22.6
44.5
210.4
26.3
55.7
44.6
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
.... 2654 •
690.1
194.3
172.8
52.7
237.0
59.6
26.9
52.1
206.1
45.7
111.8
22.6
700.8
198.3
176.7
53.6
240.5
60.3
27.2
52.7
208.4
46.0
112.7
23.2
692.1
191.9
171.8
52.4
238.3
60.1
26.8
52.9
209.5
46.4
113.6
22.3
694.5
193.1
172.8
52.7
238.7
59.8
26.8
52.8
210.0
46.7
113.6
22.6
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
59.0
49.3
9.7
49.1
19.9
35.7
162.9
21.0
43.9
34.8
59.4
49.7
9.7
50.0
20.0
35.9
163.7
21.0
44.0
35.2
58.8
49.0
9.8
47.3
19.3
36.5
175.2
21.5
46.9
38.2
58.2
48.5
9.7
47.8
19.6
36.8
175.6
21.9
46.9
38.0
703.1
-
521.2
147.7
130.7
39.9
173.5
36.7
20.6
40.7
160.1
36.3
84.1
19.4
530.8
151.6
134.4
40.6
176.6
37.1
20.8
41.3
162.0
36.6
84.9
19.9
520.4
145.5
129.6
40.1
172.9
34.7
20.8
41.4
161.9
36.9
85.3
18.7
523.0
146.9
130.9
40.3
173.2
34.4
20.8
41.1
162.6
37.3
85.3
19.0
531.6
_
1,553.7 1,562.3 1,602.2 1,601.5 1,611.3
_
475.4
473.4 476.4 474.8
134.5
128.9
128.4
134.7
116.7
123.5
115.7
123.0
91.1
91.3
86.3
85.7
30.4
32.2
30.0
31.9
82.1
79.5
82.9
78.7
572.3
553.3
552.0
571.6
176.0
170.2
169.5
176.0
356.2 367.9
355.1
367.5
49.2
49.2
49.0
49.0
76.9
80.3
76.0
80.9
57.4
60.4
60.5
57.0
871.3
170.6
46.7
63.0
38.9
24.1
40.8
402.9
121.0
260.0
33.6
60.3
42.0
873.8
170.9
46.2
63.1
38.7
24.4
41.0
403.6
122.1
259.9
33.7
61.1
42.3
893.0
168.0
47.4
66.2
40.6
25.6
42.7
416.0
127.0
266.2
33.5
62.3
44.5
891.8
167.9
47.9
65.8
40.4
25.4
41.9
415.4
126.7
266.1
33.3
62.9
44.2
895.2
_
1,058.5 1,073.5 1,086.4 1,092.2 1,100.8
_
133.9
134.6
133.9
132.3
90.4
91.0
90.1
90.5
179.1
184.0
176.1
186.2
83.7
86.4
86.0
81.7
66.9
68.8
66.0
70.3
240.4
228.4 232.4 239.5
191.6
198.1
197.3
188.7
162.4
161.4
161.9
158.9
44.4
43.4
43.7
43.5
43.9
46.3
46.3
43.6
71.7
73.6
72.6
71.6
64.5
63.3
62.9
63.5
149.2
146.6
149.5
145.3
30.6
30.0
30.6
29.6
118.6
116.6
115.7
118.9
53.0
54.7
54.3
53.3
101.1
101.2
102.1
100.7
593.4
66.8
48.7
115.3
48.3
46.5
101.5
82.6
102.4
27.1
25.2
50.1
31.1
84.1
18.3
65.8
34.4
57.8
602.4
67.6
49.2
117.1
49.2
47.4
102.7
83.1
105.4
27.8
25.4
52.2
32.2
84.8
18.5
66.3
33.9
58.7
608.1
68.3
48.0
120.4
50.9
48.7
104.0
85.0
102.2
27.1
26.4
48.7
31.6
87.0
18.9
68.1
34.5
60.1
612.8
68.9
48.1
122.3
51.3
50.1
104.9
86.2
102.9
27.0
26.5
49.4
31.7
87.5
18.9
68.6
34.6
60.0
617.5
_
106.0
77.7
21.5
107.7
78.6
22.2
104.2
77.2
19.9
106.5
77.4
21.8
109.2
_
162.4
122.1
28.1
164.6
123.2
28.8
160.6
121.6
26.2
162.8
121.8
28.1
165.6
-
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
30
301
302
827.5
83.5
12.4
835.7
84.6
12.0
844.5
84.8
11.0
843.5
85.3
10.9
303,4
306
307
25.6
100.8
605.2
26.2
101.5
611.4
27.8
101.1
619.8
27.7
100.8
618.8
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
144.7
13.6
84.2
37.0
29.1
11.0
17.1
146.2
13.7
85.3
37.5
29.6
11.3
16.9
141.8
14.3
80.9
35.8
27.8
11.7
15.7
142.3
14.4
80.6
35.5
27.8
11.8
16.1
5,522
5,579
5,649
3,312
3,349
Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation .
19.5
78.5
481.5
20.7
77.9
490.1
20.9
77.7
488.6
143.8
119.8
11.3
72.1
29.9
25.8
7.6
13.3
120.6
11.4
72.6
30.1
26.1
7.9
13.1
117.5
12.0
69.0
29.0
24.6
8.4
12.1
117.9
12.1
68.7
28.8
24.6
8.5
12.5
119.6
5,699
5,759
4,585
4,636
4,707
4,752
4,798
3,443
3,488
3,530
300.2
108.0
288.5
109.5
314.6
116.7
315.9
117.9
25.8
26.0
26.4
26.4
298.5
255.0
Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
325.4
118.4
36.1
28.4
114.8
313.1
119.8
35.4
29.0
101.0
341.8
128.2
35.9
29.5
116.8
343.5
129.4
34.8
29.5
117.5
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services
44
445
446
173.2
27.8
93.8
180.3
29.7
98.7
173.5
28.6
95.3
181.7
30.1
101.6
Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .
45
451,2
458
639.4
553.0
86.4
645.3
558.2
87.1
658.0
563.5
94.5
667.9
572.9
95.0
Pipe lines, except natural gas .
46
18.1
18.8
18.2
18.3
Transportation services.
Freight forwarding
47
471
314.0
68.2
317.1
69.0
337.3
75.1
340.2
75.1
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.
84
50
501
5012
5013
June
1989P
19.0
77.5
476.7
297.0
253.7
Wholesale trade
May
1989P
660.6
64.5
8.9
305.0
264.4
49
491
492
493
495
Apr.
1989
661.6
63.9
9.0
301.8
262.1
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
June
1988
650.4
61.0
9.9
40
4011
48
481
483
4832
4833
May
1988
643.1
59.7
10.2
Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2
Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting
June
1989P
845.2
1,339.4 1,368.2 1,410.9 1,429.0
1,249.0 1,277.2 1,312.2 1,330.9
90.4
98.7
91.0
98.1
1,539.6 1,569.5 1,616.8 1,637.7
1,431.2 1,460.8 1,498.9 1,520.4
108.7
108.4
117.3
117.9
2,206 2,211
2,230
2,210
1,280.0 1,286.6 1,276.0 1,277.6
897.5 902.8 882.4 882.4
244.3
243.1
238.6 239.3
121.8
120.8
119.2
118.5
122.5
122.3
120.1
120.1
660.8
12.5
13.1
12.9
12.9
967.3
660.2
196.0
971.9
663.1
196.9
971.2
652.3
201.0
972.6
652.5
202.2
736.2
346.0
129.6
159.2
78.9
748.0
349.7
133.0
161.0
81.2
733.8
342.9
129.5
157.1
81.6
736.4
343.8
130.3
157.0
82.3
2,229
930.4
453.0
164.0
193.9
91.
943.4
457.6
167.5
195.8
93.5
929.7
448.6
164.9
192.8
94.1
932.9
449.5
165.9
193.3
94.6
5,998
6,062
6,186
6,217
6,265
4,831
4,891
4,976
5,006
3,545
430.3
119.2
280.7
3,579
435.1
120.3
284.5
3,669
436.9
124.1
282.;
3,685
437.8
123.4
283.8
3,706
2,829
345.0
2,861
349.2
2,931
353.2
2,944
354.3
5,051
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1972
SIC
Code
502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
155.1
155.8
152.2
150.8
72.6
72.7
70.7
70.0
83.1
81.5
82.5
80.8
235.8
225.2 229.4 232.1
119.4
121.8
120.9
117.1
114.0
111.2
110.0
108.1
97.7
95.2
89.6
88.7
146.4
145.7
140.6
139.1
522.4
520.6
503.8
500.4
272.4 273.3
259.2 261.3
68.9
69.0
66.5
66.2
180.2
179.2
176.0
175.0
276.9 280.7 283.4 284.5
98.0
97.9
98.8
97.6
117.7
118.1
113.7
112.6
1,513.8 1,524.6 1,563.6 1,569.1
556.2
557.8
549.2 548.7
85.5
85.0
81.8
81.0
124.7
123.0
121.3
119.4
347.8
332.1 335.4 344.9
144.7
145.9
138.2
137.3
179.3
179.4
173.8
172.1
236.3
235.3
220.0 223.3
112.0
111.0
104.3
101.9
2,453
217.3
177.8
189.3
814.3
260.3
64,4
102.8
124.9
201.0
82.9
118.1
150.4
95.4
55.0
453.2
156.7
2,483
220.1
180.2
191.6
830.5
262.2
65.3
107.4
126.8
202.7
84.1
118.6
153.3
98.3
55.0
452.8
154.1
19,040 19,263
Retail trade
Production workers
All employees
799.6
438.3
162.0
807.3
448.4
164.7
2,517
225.7
186.8
197.1
827.4
270.0
66.7
100.4
130.1
207.2
87.0
120.2
151.4
95.9
55.5
470.2
163.9
2,532
226.4
186.5
198.4
835.1
271.8
66.7
103.4
131.1
208.2
87.5
120.7
152.8
97.2
55.6
473.9
166.4
121.3
_
184.7
_
_
73.0
110.4
382.7
_
788.9
431.4
168.5
June
1988
122.7
_
188.1
_
_
73.7
111.4
386.3
_
Apr.
1989
125.8
_
189.5
_
_
75.9
115.4
398.6
_
May
1989P
June
1989P
125.4
_
_
193.2
_
_
78.4
116.0
398.2
_
_
_
_
_
229.7
223.8 227.1
230.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,210.6 1,221.4 1,253.0 1,257.8
_
-
2,559
-
_
19,275 19,524 19,701
774.2
423.5
165.8
May
1988
_
177.9
-
_
180.6
-
_
190.1
-
_
190.4
-
2,002
175.9
149.2
145.0
688.2
-
2,030
178.4
151.0
147.2
705.4
-
2,045
182.0
157.0
152.1
694.7
-
2,062
182.8
156.5
153.4
704.3
_
_
92.6
157.4
_
_
123.7
_
_
368.9
-
_
94.3
158.9
_
_
126.3
_
_
367.5
-
_
93.6
162.5
_
_
123.6
_
_
381.7
-
_
94.8
163.4
_
_
125.2
_
_
385.1
-
16,871 17,080 17,028 17,268
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,384.3 2,399.5 2,404.9 2,417.1 2,419.4 2,210.4 2,220.4 2,209.5 2,225.0
1,843.9 1,850.1 1,834.5 1,846.2
1,974.5 1,985.8 1,987.3 1,994.9
233.6 235.8
217.1 217.0 214.2 215.8
238.0 237.8
186.4
184.0
175.9
149.4
171.8
160.8
153.3
163.0
-
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3,052.9 3,099.8 3,197.0 3,225.9 3,259.5 2,805.5 2,851.3 2,940.8 2,968.5
2,700.3 2,743.1 2,829.4 2,851.0
2,495.0 2,536.4 2,616.7 2,638.1
_
55.7
57.6
54.7
54.6
_
_
_
_
32.3
30.5
27.8
26.5
175.1
175.3
173.5
156.8
173.3
157.9
156.9
157.8
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
2,078.3 2,103.0 2,148.4 2,161.2 2,173.3 1,737.6 1,760.1 1,796.3 1,807.1
1,018.5 1,027.1 1,046.5 1,044.8
852.5 868.5
844.3
867.8
335.4 347.9 352.4
267.2 271.8 279.8 282.6
329.5
632.2 637.6 643.5
625.8
548.3
541.8
554.5
559.8
664.6
369.0
134.2
672.5
378.7
137.2
640.6
356.0
137.3
17,428
656.0
364.5
139.9
_
_
See footnotes at end of table.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
1972
SIC
Code
56
561
562
566
566
Production workers1
All employees
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
1,144.0 1,156.5 1,164.4 1,169.7
106.2
105.7
107.9
107.9
412.8 416.2
405.7 409.1
273.0 269.3 270.8
265.1
227.0 227.7
220.2 220 A
793.3
457.1
281.5
90.2
246$
172.8
73.2
795.0
459.8
283.0
89.0
246.2
172.8
73.4
802.2
469.8
290.2
77.8
254.6
177.8
76.8
804.5
470.8
290.2
77.6
256.1
178.2
77.9
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
966.7
88.1
341.9
230.2
183.4
978.8
87.9
345.3
238.1
183.3
978.7
85.2
345.6
232.1
188.9
981.6
85.4
347.9
233.3
189.1
649.6
371.4
651.4
374.6
656.5
382.5
658.8
383.8
77.2
201.0
75.4
201.4
64.7
209.3
64.8
210.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733
Eating and drinking places .
58
6,385.6 6,493.1 6,316.0 6,459.7 6,576.9 5,817.5 5,923.4 5,739.9 5,877.6
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ,
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599
2,401.6 2,408.9 2,468.2 2,497.2
592.8 594.3 599.5 602.5
124.2
123.1
123.6
121.9
821.5 835.8 869.8 874.3
158.8
158.6
147.4
144.9
90.2
91.6
81.7
83.4
85.2
85.0
82.0
81.6
160.3
159.0
152.2
152.1
187.2
181.1
185.8
173.8
65.4
62.0
62.1
64.5
286.2 283.8 265.4 261.3
130.5
140.1
140.6
127.4
85.4
86.0
86.7
86.1
115.6
117.0
107.4
107.2
394.2 385.5 409.5 435.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
6,739
6,749
6,790
6,871
3,277
3,308
3,302
3,311
3,339
1,727.0 1,747.5 1,752.9 1,762.3
1,549.5 1,567.4 1,557.4 1,563.5
312.5
317.0 313.4 314.1
365.3
359.1
363.7 363.8
80.3
80.4
78.5
80.3
60
602
6022
6023,4
603
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616
895.4
402.4
231.6
165.5
251.8
56.8
160.5
901.3
403.9
232.5
166.0
255.5
57.5
160.5
902.9
402.3
232.7
164.4
264.4
65.3
148.5
904.7
403.1
233.2
164.7
265.0
65.9
148.6
Security, commodity brokers, and services.
Security brokers and dealers
62
621
449.3
354.3
451.9
356.0
436.5
339.1
435.1
337.7
Holding and other investment offices .
67
205.0
206.8
209.7
209.3
2,073
2,087
2,117
2,123
Insurance .
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance.
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance
63
631
632
633
636
Insurance agents, brokers, and service..
64
See footnotes at end of table.
86
2,019.3 2,021.7 2,065.6 2,093.1
505.7 507.0
508.0
510.5
6,652
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks
1,437.5 1,445.9 1,459.7 1,463.4
575.4 575.9
576.4 578.1
214.9 217.8
231.0 232.1
538.9 541.9
543.3 544.5
58.5
58
58.4
57.9
635.6
640.6
657.1
659.7
June
1989 P
685.0
696.5
722.4
726.5
255.9
254.0
234.5
230.5
89.0
320.7
89.1
310.4
97.6
334.7
96.0
360.2
4,832
4,905
4,877
4,912
1,234.4 1,250.6 1,244.8 1,251.9
1,104.8 1,118.7 1,102.8 1,107.7
666.3
305.2
672.0
306.8
673.9
304.2
675.3
305.0
194.5
198.0
205.7
205.9
962.7
346.4
173.8
361.3
969.0
348.0
175.9
363.0
969.0
344.1
186.8
354.6
969.7
343.6
187.6
354.2
2,134
4,991
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc
May
1988
1,302
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
65
651
653
655
Combined real estate, insurance, etc
66
Production workers1
All employees
June
1988
1,344
Apr.
1989
1,330
May
1989P
1,356
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
1,398
1,292.0 1,334.0 1,320.9 1,347.0
557.7
575.7
575.5 582.5
531.4
550.4
540.2 548.4
171.7
176.3
173.4
184.2
9.7
9.6
9.0
9.0
25,478 25,809 26,704 26,835 27,102 22,286 22,579 23,330 23,431 23,671
Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
70
701
1,534.5 1,638.0 1,569.9 1,597.0
1,492.5 1,578.4 1,525.7 1,550.0
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
72
721
722
723
726
1,163.9 1,166.3 1,234.7 1,185.5
412.3 415.8 410.6 415.0
57.4
56.8
59.0
56.9
365.7 366.2 368.2 368.0
81.4
79.1
80.5
81.4
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services
73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374
5,515.6 5,594.8 5,719.5 5,760.8 5,829.7 4,734.1 4,803.2 4,874.5 4,906.5
231.4 233.8 253.4 254.9
171.6
173.8
187.0
187.7
167.0
168.7
184.0
184.4
91.3
92.2
93.9
95.7
206.7 207.5
238.2 238.6
780.8 790.7 806.1
812.1
707.4 716.5 730.0 736.2
1,366.6 1,393.4 1,338.0 1,348.7
220.0 220.9 218.5 216.3
1,044.9 1,068.1 1,016.3 1,029.2
659.7 670.3 751.4 750.5
513.1
521.8 584.0 580.4
342.8 345.6
300.3
306.1
248.3
252.2 283.7 280.8
739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
2,168.5 2,196.2 2,225.6 2,246.9
211.6 214.9 217.1
217.8
536.3 541.5 550.6 553.9
464.2 463.6 469.4 473.0
260.4 267.2 270.8 275.4
81.4
79.4
81.0
82.6
Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories
June
1989P
1,330.0 1,413.6 1,353.8 1,379.1
367.0
370.3
364.8
368.5
326.1
326.5
327.9
328.2
Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops
75
751
753
830.6
163.7
480.2
840.3
165.2
487.2
891.8
179.7
515.6
894.1
182.6
517.7
689.3
696.9
734.3
735.6
396.5
402.3
421.5
423.7
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
345.4
107.6
348.6
109.6
355.6
117.9
357.1
119.7
284.5
285.5
288.4
290.0
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
78
781
783
236.9
107.9
111.2
250.9
113.7
118.5
262.4
139.5
105.6
267.5
141.5
108.3
196.0
82.7
210.3
88.3
222.0
114.4
226.3
115.5
Amusement and recreation services
79
951.4 1,044.8
946.6 1,007.7
812.2
897.3
823.2
878.8
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities
80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
7,067.7
1,099.4
484.2
1,304.9
903.9
401.0
3,266.8
3,023.0
91.8
152.0
147.0
259.2
7,150.0
1,112.0
487.7
1,320.5
913.9
406.6
3,304.6
3,057.8
92.5
154.3
148.7
264.0
7,512.8
1,185.2
507.9
1,363.5
943.8
419.7
3,441.6
3,182.7
96.0
162.9
166.1
304.5
7,552.8 7,639.6 6,279.9 6,356.5 6,675.7 6,707.6
1,193.9
900.8 913.4 970.9 978.0
508.2
426.3 427.7 443.6 443.2
1,369.2
1,177.8 1,192.6 1,232.3 1,236.6
948.8
420.4
3,456.1
2,983.7 3,020.0 3,146.4 3,159.7
3,196.1
96.5
163.5
167.6
308.7
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Legal services
1972
SIC
Code
81
Production workers1
All employees
May
1988
835.2
June
1988
869.7
Apr.
1989
880.4
May
1989P
882.1
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools .
82
821
822
824
1,564.9 1,421.4 1,712.3 1,664.7
409.2 410.7
405.9 387.1
966.7 837.9 1,064.7 1,015.4
90.2
91.1
105.3
105.3
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care
83
832
833
836
1,616.0 1,606.3 1,722.2 1,737.6
334.9 337.8 349.5 351.3
247.9 258.5 240.2
242.3
385.9 394.1
417.1
421.7
Museums, botanical and zoological gardens.
84
Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations ,
86
861
863
864
1,727.3 1,753.0 1,746.0 1,755.7
99.6
100.0
101.3
98.2
137.8
137.0
133.2
134.3
378.0 398.0 391.0
398.8
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Noncommercial research organizations.
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .
89
891
892
893
1,373.0 1,388.5 1,458.6 1,442.5
717.6
732.3 742.5 750.7
133.5
144.3
136.4
144.0
490.4 487.7
513.7
537.9
52.6
17,672
Government
4
2,969
Federal Government .
4
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
17,426 17,969
2,986
2,982
699.0
June
1988
730.6
Apr.
1989
733.6
May
1989P
June
1989P
734.0
54.1
1,104.7 1,120.3 1,168.6 1,152.7
598.9
612.8
613.5
620.3
375.9
374.6
415.5
393.1
18,026 17,784
3,004
3731
121.6
73.9
121.8
74.0
123.6
74.5
123.7
74.3
806
43.3
424.4
247.2
42.8
426.3
248.8
38.4
430.5
247.9
38.4
433.7
248.9
806
82
3,943 4,222
4,118
4,179
445.3 446.4 448.4 447.7
1,673.7 1,461.1 1,745.8 1,685.4
3,028
4,014
1,469.8 1,496.3 1,502.1 1,512.2
806
82
10,585 10,497 10,765 10,843 10,742
486.4 492.9 491.6 493.4
624.7 640.4 642.3
619.1
6,023.2 5,752.2 6,136.7 6,168.1
3,132.4 3,281.2 3,158.7 3,190.0
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
52.5
May
1988
2,909.9 2,925.6 2,922.8
967.1
966.9
967.3
829.8 839.9
827.3
1,115.7 1,128.7 1,115.6
39.4
38.1
37.5
20.9
20.7
21.3
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies .
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
53.8
June
1989P
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Mar.
1988
Apr.
1988
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989
48,593
48,852
50,075
50,371
50,646
Total private
39,437
39,706
40,757
41,003
41,271
Goods-producing
6,934
6,961
7,091
7,106
7,121
95
96
96
97
97
525
535
554
558
568
6,314
6,330
6,441
6,451
6,456
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
3,037
121
164
118
103
320
456
860
397
321
177
3,050
123
164
120
104
321
458
861
399
322
178
3,101
124
167
122
107
328
472
861
407
337
177
3,099
124
167
122
108
327
472
856
407
337
179
3,104
125
168
123
108
327
473
854
409
338
181
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,277
499
17
353
877
166
668
305
23
284
85
3,280
499
17
352
874
167
672
306
23
286
85
3,340
511
19
351
876
169
698
317
25
292
83
3,352
509
18
353
880
169
701
319
26
293
83
3,352
509
17
353
879
170
704
320
26
292
83
41,659
41,891
42,984
43,265
43,525
Transportation and public utilities ...
1,571
1,580
1,624
1,622
1,628
Wholesale trade
1,772
1,774
1,851
1,859
1,867
Retail trade
9,820
9,931
10,009
10,067
10,182
Finance, insurance, and real estate
4,130
4,138
4,217
4,232
4,239
15,210
15,322
15,965
16,117
16,234
9,156
1,057
2,033
6,066
9,146
1,057
2,039
6,050
9,318
1,058
2,074
6,186
9,368
1,061
2,083
6,224
9,375
1,063
2,086
6,226
Industry
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.
*
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1989
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Mayp
Junep
107,442
107,711
107,888
108,101
108,308
108,488
89,897
90,124
90,291
90,475
90,625
90,773
25,513
25,626
25,629
25,646
25,671
25,661
25,610
711
394
711
393
711
394
714
397
720
400
722
400
710
397
5,191
1,375
5,213
1,380
5,267
1,404
5,270
1,398
5,252
1,380
5,279
1,377
5,278
1,386
5,270
1,386
19,505
19,557
19,589
19,648
19,648
19,680
19,672
19,661
19,630
11,509
770
531
603
783
277
1,442
2,110
2,073
2,055
865
758
384
11,545
775
532
605
784
277
1,445
2,120
2,075
2,060
867
762
387
11,565
780
532
607
785
276
1,449
2,126
2,067
2,063
867
767
389
11,605
784
532
607
786
276
1,458
2,134
2,065
2,079
882
770
390
11,594
778
534
608
786
276
1,458
2,138
2,062
2,067
871
772
391
11,604
111
535
607
788
276
1,457
2,143
2,060
2,071
869
776
390
11,600
112
537
606
788
275
1,454
2,144
2,058
2,073
875
111
391
11,591
770
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,148
2,051
2,074
876
779
392
11,561
766
532
607
788
275
1,447
2,151
2,043
2,058
861
778
391
7,967
1,627
55
726
1,085
693
1,573
1,072
162
830
144
7,996
1,644
55
726
1,083
695
1,577
1,074
162
836
144
8,012
1,648
56
725
1,088
695
1,581
1,075
162
839
143
8,024
1,646
56
724
1,090
696
1,588
1,079
162
840
143
8,043
1,650
56
728
1,092
696
1,595
1,084
160
839
143
8,054
1,650
56
728
1,096
696
1,595
1,085
161
843
144
8,076
1,655
56
729
1,101
697
1,600
1,088
161
845
144
8,072
1,657
54
728
1,098
696
1,601
1,090
162
843
143
8,070
1,655
53
727
1,094
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142
8,069
1,655
53
728
1,092
696
1,608
1,093
163
839
142
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
105,561
105,768
105,954
106,207
106,475
106,824
107,097
88,199
88,418
88,578
88,736
88,991
89,299
89,574
25,265
25,323
25,303
25,313
25,384
25,460
726
411
725
410
725
408
719
404
717
400
712
396
5,139
1,378
5,150
1,372
5,153
1,372
5,163
1,374
5,162
1,363
19,400
19,448
19,425
19,431
11,431
762
529
600
773
278
1,432
2,077
2,072
2,053
855
748
385
11,475
762
531
602
780
278
1,438
2,092
2,072
2,058
862
751
389
11,462
761
529
600
776
277
1,435
2,094
2,073
2,052
859
755
387
11,464
763
530
600
779
277
1,436
2,098
2,072
2,044
859
756
386
7,969
1,633
56
731
1,093
694
1,560
1,066
162
830
144
7,973
1,628
55
730
1,091
695
1,564
1,068
162
836
144
7,963
1,629
55
723
1,085
694
1,568
1,071
162
832
144
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
80,296
80,445
80,651
80,894
81,091
81,364
81,584
81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,647
82,878
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
5,542
3,326
2,216
5,557
3,340
2,217
5,572
3,353
2,219
5,581
3,365
2,216
5,596
3,381
2,215
5,616
3,402
2,214
5,634
3,421
2,213
5,654
3,439
2,215
5,667
3,453
2,214
5,666
3,452
2,214
5,682
3,467
2,215
5,700
3,485
2,215
5,721
3,505
2,216
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,027
3,561
2,466
6,038
3,569
2,469
6,051
3,578
2,473
6,071
3,590
2,481
6,086
3,599
2,487
6,104
3,612
2,492
6,125
3,626
2,499
6,146
3,638
2,508
6,171
3,657
2,514
6,197
3,676
2,521
6,206
3,676
2,530
6,222
3,685
2,537
6,229
3,688
2,541
19,096
2,459
3,090
2,082
6,283
19,139
2,457
3,105
2,096
6,284
19,182
2,454
3,117
2,107
6,302
19,188
2,452
3,122
2,115
6,296
19,229
2,447
3,149
2,124
6,314
19,282
2,452
3,165
2,131
6,322
19,328
2,460
3,182
2,136
6,328
19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323
19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332
19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322
19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335
19,524
2,492
3,242
2,157
6,345
19,525
2,479
3,250
2,152
6,367
6,672
3,286
2,081
1,305
6,678
3,284
2,084
1,310
6,686
3,285
2,087
1,314
6,695
3,288
2,092
1,315
6,710
3,293
2,098
1,319
6,726
3,299
2,102
1,325
6,744
3,307
2,110
1,327
6,746
3,308
2,109
1,329
6,763
3,311
2,116
1,336
6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341
6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345
6,790
3,318
2,123
1,349
6,801
3,316
2,128
1,357
Services
Business services
Health services
25,597
5,567
7,123
25,683
5,595
7,153
25,784
5,617
7,187
25,888
5,651
7,228
25,986
5,667
7,267
26,111
5,682
7,313
26,230
5,715
7,359
26,318
5,707
7,396
26,434
5,729
7,442
26,520
5,736
7,488
26,651
5,760
7,528
26,728
5,778
7,568
26,887
5,801
7,609
Government
Federal
State
Local
17,362
2,956
4,062
10,344
17,350
2,958
4,071
10,321
17,376
2,967
4,079
10,330
17,471
2,985
4,088
10,398
17,484
2,986
4,081
10,417
17,525
2,983
4,085
10,457
17,523
2,981
4,085
10,457
17,545
2,978
4,084
10,483
17,587
2,982
4,095
10,510
17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513
17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533
17,683
2,998
4,117
10,568
17,715
2,998
4,134
10,583
Service-producing
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
90
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1989
Industry
Apr.
Total
Total private
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
48,741 48,871 49,119 49,207 49,338 49,488 49,586 49,799 49,963 50,130 50,302 50,414 50,515
39,863 39,966 40,191 40,296 40,393 40,503 40,602 40,776 40,943 41,093 41,239 41,340 41,418
6,999
7,018
7,035
7,053
7,049
7,054
7,069
7,095
7,112
7,141
7,152
7,159
7,161
96
96
97
97
98
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
540
545
548
551
554
555
555
557
561
566
571
571
573
6,363
6,377
6,390
6,405
6,397
6,402
6,417
6,441
6,454
6,478
6,484
6,491
6,491
Durable goods
Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
3,054
124
164
120
104
321
457
865
399
322
178
3,062
124
164
121
104
323
458
865
401
324
178
3,073
125
164
121
106
324
460
868
401
326
178
3,084
125
165
122
106
326
463
868
401
328
180
3,084
125
164
122
106
325
464
868
401
330
179
3,082
125
165
121
106
325
465
867
399
330
179
3,087
125
165
122
106
325
467
868
401
331
177
3,097
127
165
122
106
327
469
869
402
332
178
3,103
127
165
123
107
327
469
866
405
335
179
3,113
127
166
123
108
330
471
864
407
337
180
3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181
3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180
3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,309
527
18
353
870
168
670
308
3,315
527
18
352
871
169
672
309
3,317
526
18
352
869
169
675
311
3,321
525
18
(
351
867
170
678
312
3,313
520
18
349
863
170
681
313
3,320
524
18
349
863
171
682
314
3,330
531
18
349
862
171
685
315
3,344
535
18
350
867
171
688
315
3,351
532
19
350
869
171
692
316
3,365
536
18
352
871
171
697
318
3,373
537
19
352
874
171
698
319
3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321
3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322
O
O
O
291
84
292
84
292
84
292
85
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
O
285
86
O
287
86
288
85
290
289
85
O
289
85
O
289
85
O
O
O
O
O
293
84
O
292
84
86
Service-producing
41,742 41,853 42,084
42,289 42,434 42,517 42,704 42,851 42,989 43,150 43,255 43,354
42,154
Transportation and public utilities ...
1,580
1,585
1,597
1,604
1,604
1,608
1,614
1,621
1,626
1,630
1,629
1,628
1,811
1,820
1,827
1,835
1,845
1,854
1,862
1,866
1,876
1,598
Wholesale trade
1,783
1,793
1,801
1,808
Retail trade
10,171 10,179 10,190 10,213 10,238 10,287 10,318 10,336 10,337
10,088 10,116 10,137
10,149
Finance, insurance, and real estate
4,146
4,149
4,178
4,164
4,188
4,199
4,212
4,222
4,227
4,242
4,249
4,247
4,169
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
15,267 15,305 15,457
8,878
1,058
1,978
5,842
8,905
1,056
1,982
5,867
8,928
1,054
1,989
5,885
' This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
15,580 15,658 15,709 15,807 15,905 15,958 16,035 16,101 16,169
15,519
8,911
1,055
1,998
5,858
8,945
1,059
2,003
5,883
8,985
1,065
2,015
5,905
8,984
1,067
2,009
5,908
9,023
1,066
2,013
5,944
9,020
1,065
2,013
5,942
9,037
1,063
2,012
5,962
9,063
1,064
2,017
5,982
9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990
9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted
1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
(In thousands)
1988
1989
Industry
June
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
71,408 71,593 71,723 71,825 72,021 72,273 72,494 72,774 72,949 73,101
Apr.
Mayp
June'
73,204 73,314 73,446
17,791
17,844
17,815
17,813
17,865
17,929
17,963
18,065
18,048
18,052
524
523
522
518
515
511
510
510
510
514
519
520
508
4,017
4,026
4,023
4,032
4,026
4,053
4,068
4,132
4,112
4,096
4,104
4,108
4,096
13,365 13,385
13,423
13,426
13,442
13,430
13,429
13,401
13,250 13,295
13,270 13,263 13,324
18,053 18,057 18,005
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,630
635
423
467
593
213
1,067
1,247
1,224
1,281
665
412
281
7,672
635
425
469
599
214
1,073
1,261
1,226
1,287
674
414
283
7,658
634
422
468
595
216
1,070
1,260
1,227
1,284
673
416
282
7,653
635
424
466
597
217
1,069
1,261
1,227
1,276
671
417
281
7,690
641
425
469
600
216
1,076
1,270
1,228
1,283
676
419
279
7,717
645
426
470
601
217
1,079
1,279
1,233
1,283
676
421
280
7,730
647
426
472
602
216
1,082
1,285
1,224
1,285
676
425
282
7,758
652
426
473
603
215
1,089
1,292
1,222
1,294
687
424
283
7,749
648
427
474
602
215
1,087
1,298
1,218
1,286
677
425
284
7,749
646
428
472
603
213
1,086
1,298
1,214
1,292
675
427
283
7,744
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
680
428
284
7,738
640
428
470
601
210
1,079
1,304
1,207
1,295
682
430
284
7,716
636
425
471
602
209
1,076
1,306
1,205
1,281
668
430
284
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,620
1,161
42
633
919
525
873
597
105
646
119
5,623
1,157
41
634
917
526
874
598
106
651
119
5,612
1,158
41
626
912
525
877
600
106
649
118
5,610
1,156
40
629
912
523
878
600
106
647
119
5,634
1,169
41
629
912
524
881
602
106
652
118
5,648
1,173
42
628
916
525
883
602
106
655
118
5,655
1,172
42
628
919
525
886
604
105
656
118
5,665
1,175
41
630
922
524
887
607
104
656
119
5,677
1,177
41
630
926
524
888
608
105
659
119
5,693
1,182
41
630
930
525
891
610
105
660
119
5,686
1,184
40
630
927
524
889
609
105
660
118
5,691
1,185
38
630
924
525
891
614
106
660
118
5,685
1,183
38
630
922
525
894
612
107
656
118
Service-producing
53,617 53,749 53,908 54,012 54,156 54,344 54,531 54,709 54,901 55,049 55,151 55,257 55,441
Transportation and public utilities
4,604
4,618
4,631
4,635
4,653
4,671
4,691
4,704
4,718
4,718
4,735
4,752
Wholesale trade
4,857
4,867
4,876
4,890
4,903
4,917
4,931
4,948
4,970
4,990
4,996
5,006
5,016
16,925 16,959 17,001
16,997
17,017
17,066 17,106
17,171
17,215
17,244
17,235
17,268
17,273
4,856
4,858
4,866
4,879
4,886
4,893
4,900
4,902
4,917
4,927
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
4,845
4,850
22,386 22,455 22,544 22,632 22,717 22,817 22,924 23,000 23,105 23,197 23,283 23,314 23,460
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
92
4,873
4,765
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries1
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Nov.
Oct.
Dec.
Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979
63.5
62.5
63.9
60.5
64.3
61.0
70.3
70.2
64.8
67.9
70.1
52.7
68.6
64.6
61.6
63.8
67.6
61.3
64.5
61.6
55.7
61.3
62.2
53.2
65.9
62.0
50.7
61.3
64.3
61.3
67.0
70.9
54.2
67.9
66 6
53.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
54.6
58.5
37.2
55.0
67.8
58.5
55.4
55.6
60.7
68.3
53.4
52.7
47.3
47.9
70.6
52.3
53.7
59.3
63.5
60.5
49.7
54.0
40.1
60.2
65.2
60.2
53.2
61.0
63.0
61.0
37.4
64.5
41.5
65.6
67.8
53.2
56.3
61.9
62.8
58.2
40.8
57.0
49.3
66.3
63.3
58.5
55.2
58.6
61.3
56.3
38.0
53.3
38.1
66.5
67.2
51.4
50.7
59.7
67.2
P54.3
42.3
57.7
42.8
67.2
59.6
57.6
54.7
65.3
63.6
59.0
51.3
39.1
68.9
61.9
60.7
56.3
60.6
58.0
55.7
45.8
44.7
70.1
57.2
53.6
57.9
63.0
55.4
63.8
42.3
36.2
66.6
62.9
56.3
54.6
67 8
63.9
59.3
40.3
40 1
67.6
59.3
56.6
58.0
64 5
68.2
58.6
36.0
43 6
64.6
57.7
59 7
6i.7
60 7
64 6
p
Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979
70.2
71.9
69.5
74.5
73.8
71.8
76.4
76.9
65.8
79.2
76.9
66.2
74.8
74.9
62.0
72.1
71.1
64.0
69.3
69.2
58.9
72.1
65.8
53.3
70.5
68.3
57.6
73.5
73 5
58.6
73.6
74 8
62.2
72.5
76 2
56 2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
56.6
59.5
31.2
48.4
74.9
58.3
57.7
60.7
64.8
71.6
51.4
55.6
34.8
57.0
75.5
58.3
53.0
62.0
65.6
70.1
42.0
58.9
37.7
62.6
78.2
55.6
54.4
66.6
69.5
64.5
38.3
64.6
41.5
71.9
72.8
59.0
55.4
65.2
70.2
P 61.9
35.5
63.3
40.3
72.1
73.6
55.4
53.3
65.8
71.1
59.0
37.4
60.7
40.3
74.4
68.8
57.6
51.4
65.9
71.9
42.8
57.0
34.8
72.6
67.8
56.6
52.9
67.8
71.2
50.9
52.4
38.3
77.2
65.5
58.7
58.7
71.1
64.2
65.3
43.3
35.4
77.2
64.6
58.5
57.0
71.2
65.3
66.9
40.0
35.8
74.6
62.2
56.9
59.7
72.3
70.1
68.5
34.0
34 0
71.6
61.9
59.5
62.0
70.9
73.4
64 3
30.9
46 6
73 6
61.6
59 3
62.0
65.9
74 6
p
Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979
79.1
77.8
74.6
81.8
81.4
73.9
78.7
81.2
71.2
78.4
79.8
66.8
78.1
78.7
63.2
79.7
76.2
57.9
76.2
73.6
62.9
76.2
76.9
59.5
77.5
75.6
57.7
76.6
76 8
58.6
78.1
76 1
60.9
78.4
77 8
57 7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
48 6
66.5
28.5
55 2
78.7
58.7
55.6
67.3
69.9
75.1
44.7
65.2
29.7
62.2
78.9
59.7
56.6
65.8
70.2
P 69.9
41.1
62.9
33.0
67.3
80.2
58.2
52.7
64.8
71.5
P66.2
37.4
64.9
38.8
71.1
77.1
57.6
52.9
66.8
73.9
37.1
61.3
37.2
76.4
74.4
58.6
53.4
67.6
73.9
37.5
58.0
36.8
78.2
72.6
57.6
56.0
69.5
69.1
44.4
50.3
34.5
79.4
70.1
57.6
55.6
71.3
70.2
51.9
43.0
33.8
79.5
68.6
56.2
57.0
73.5
74.6
61.2
39.0
34.8
78.2
64.9
59.5
62.3
73.2
73.5
70 9
32.2
38.1
77 2
63.9
59.7
61.6
71.5
73.9
68 9
32.5
39.1
78 1
61.6
58.3
62.9
71.8
74.5
66 2
28 7
43.1
111
62 6
55.6
63.2
72 2
75.8
Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979
79.2
81.9
75.9
80.1
82.2
75.4
81.8
81.8
74.8
81.9
81.9
72.1
84.8
83.0
68.2
84.7
82.8
66.0
84.5
83.4
66.0
83.4
81.4
63.6
83.7
81.7
59.7
83.0
75.8
57.6
82.5
78.1
52.0
82.1
75 5
48.7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
47.0
71.2
32.4
57.0
81.7
59.5
54.4
66.6
76.2
46.4
68.3
31.1
61.9
79.5
59.2
54.6
68.2
76.1
46.8
68.1
29.7
66.5
78.7
59.2
53.9
68.2
74.8
45.3
61.3
30.4
72.8
77.1
56.9
55.6
71.8
74.6
43.7
53.4
30.4
75.8
76.2
56.6
55.2
71.9
75.8
43.8
48.0
31.4
77.2
74.1
58.5
56.3
72.5
74.9
43.6
42.3
35.0
76.8
73.1
55.9
57.2
72.2
78.1
42.8
38.8
35.1
80.7
70.2
55.9
59.3
74.1
75.5
44.3
36.4
38.8
80.4
69.1
56.7
60.0
75.4
75.5
50.6
33.1
43.4
81.4
65.2
55.6
62.0
72.5
74.8
57.2
34.1
46.7
83.0
63.8
55.2
61.3
73.8
75.2
62.2
32.2
51.4
81.9
61.5
53.7
63.6
76 9
73 1
p
p
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted-Continued
(Percent)
Manufacturing payrolls, 143 industries1
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979
66.0
63.1
60.3
59.9
64.5
55.0
68.4
63.8
58.9
70.9
65.6
50.4
67.0
61.0
55.7
59.6
62.4
61.7
60.3
56.0
50.0
54.3
58.5
45.0
62.1
57.1
41.1
57.4
62.8
57.4
63.1
66.3
46.8
70 2
69.1
47.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
48.6
53.2
27.0
53.2
61.7
46.5
48.9
44.3
58.5
62.4
46.1
45.0
39.4
48.6
70.6
40.4
45.0
53.9
56.0
53.5
47.5
55.0
28.0
55.3
64.5
44.0
43.6
54.3
55.0
53.2
28.4
63.1
31.9
67.0
63.8
37.6
43.6
55.7
59.9
49.6
24.8
61.3
36.2
67.4
54.6
41.5
46.5
55.3
58.5
p
46.8
27.0
56.7
26.6
59.9
61.0
39.4
43.3
54.3
61.7
P48.6
28.7
56.0
34.4
68.8
56.0
47.9
38.7
62.8
59.6
58.2
42.2
28.4
64.9
52.8
48.6
51.1
59.9
51.1
55.0
39.4
35.5
68.1
42.9
37.9
48.6
63.8
49.3
63.1
30.5
26.6
70.9
52.8
44.3
45.0
59.9
62.8
61.7
29 4
26.2
62.4
44 7
44.0
50.7
65 6
64.9
53.9
23 4
39 4
62.1
48 6
50.7
52.8
56 4
58.5
Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979
70 6
77.0
64.9
77.0
72.3
62.8
78.7
72.3
59.6
78.7
69.9
59.9
72.0
69.1
58.5
66.7
62.8
59.2
62.4
61.3
50.0
64.9
58.2
36.5
62.4
62.4
44.0
67.7
67.0
43.6
69 1
70.9
52.5
76 2
73 4
42.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
44.7
51.8
17.0
46.1
71.6
43 6
45.0
52.1
63.1
67.4
40.4
50.4
19.1
53.9
71.6
37.9
40.8
51.4
61.0
63.8
28.4
56.4
21.3
61.7
75.2
32.6
38.3
59.6
62.4
55.7
20.2
64.5
22.0
71.3
65.6
33.0
38.7
61.3
64.9
P 51.4
18.4
66.7
22.0
70.9
65.2
31.2
39.4
58.5
67.4
47.5
19.5
64.9
22.3
73.8
58.9
37.6
37.2
62.8
67.0
27.7
55.0
18.1
70.6
57.1
40.8
37.2
67.0
64.5
39.7
42.6
18.8
76.2
50.7
37.9
44.0
71.6
58.2
64.2
28.0
20.6
77.0
47.5
38.3
46.5
68.4
62.1
67.7
25.5
18.4
74.1
42.9
36.5
47.5
70.6
66.7
67.4
17.7
17.7
72.0
45.7
42.9
52.5
67.7
71.3
61.3
17.4
33 3
67.4
44.7
46 8
49.3
64.5
70 9
p
Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979
81.6
77.7
68 4
81.9
79.8
66.3
79.1
78.0
62.1
77.3
72.3
58.2
75.2
73.0
52.1
74.8
68.8
43.6
67.7
63.5
48.2
68.4
68.1
41.5
70.9
69.9
39.7
75.2
71.3
40.1
80.5
67.0
42.6
111
69.9
42 9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
33.0
65 2
10.3
46.8
75.2
35.5
37.6
57.4
66.3
69.5
27.0
62.8
10.6
59.6
72.3
34.8
38.7
56.7
66.3
58.2
23.4
62.8
13.5
64.9
72.7
29.4
35.5
55.3
67.7
P 54.3
16.7
68.1
20.6
67.0
70.2
31.9
33.3
62.4
69.5
17.4
61.7
15.6
75.5
62.1
33.3
34.0
64.9
66.7
19.1
55.3
15.2
76.2
58.2
33.0
38.3
67.0
64.2
26.2
40.1
12.4
78.7
54.6
31.9
37.9
67.4
66.0
39.7
29.1
12.1
77.3
52.5
32.6
41.1
70.6
70.9
52.8
22.3
14.5
76.2
48.6
38.3
45.4
71.3
68.8
70.6
17.0
18.1
73.8
44.7
40.1
49.6
69.5
69.9
67.4
184
21.3
75.9
39.4
38.3
50.4
69.5
71.6
65.2
124
27 3
74.8
41.8
37.6
51 1
68.1
74 1
p
Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979
77.0
75.2
67.0
77.7
77.7
64.2
75.9
76.2
62.4
76.6
77.0
57.4
81.2
77.0
51.8
82.6
77.0
48.6
84.0
75.2
48.9
81.9
70.6
47.5
83.3
70.9
42.2
80.5
65.6
36.5
78.0
69.1
29.1
77.3
64 9
24.8
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
20.6
72.0
12.1
43.3
77.0
31.6
30.9
55.3
73.8
22.3
69.1
12.4
50.0
72.3
30.9
30.1
58.5
70.2
23.8
69.1
9.2
56.0
68.1
30.1
34.8
58.5
70.9
25.2
52.8
11.3
66.0
66.0
28.4
34.8
63.5
71.6
23.0
40.4
8.2
71.6
62.4
27.7
36.2
66.3
72.0
22.3
35.1
9.9
75.5
61.0
28.4
39.0
67.4
69.9
21.3
27.7
13.5
76.2
57.8
29.1
38.3
71.6
70.9
22.7
21.6
14.2
78.4
54.6
29.8
39.7
72.7
69.1
23.8
17.7
15.2
78.0
50.4
32.6
42.9
71.6
71.6
30.5
15.2
21.6
78.7
44.0
30.9
46.1
69.1
70.2
45.7
13.8
25.5
80.1
40.1
32.6
48.6
68.4
P69.9
59 6
12.4
33.7
76.2
33 7
29 8
50.0
72.3
p
65.6
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an
94
equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are
subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Constructior
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
1,549.7
400.0
127.9
165.2
129.0
60.3
1,566.9
406.6
133.0
166.4
130.3
63.0
1.572.8
407.8
133.9
166.8
130.2
62.5
11.1
5.2
.1
.7
.1
2.6
11.3
5.0
.1
.7
.1
2.7
11.3
4.9
.1
.7
.1
2.7
78.7
24.7
5.6
10.3
8.6
3.0
74.3
24.6
5.8
10.2
7.9
2.9
75.3
25.3
6.0
10.4
8.0
2.9
212.8
213.3
220.9
9.5
10.3
10.3
8.9
7.2
8.4
1,419.6
937.1
248.4
1,443.1
947.1
253.1
1,442.5
946.5
252.7
12.0
.7
1.8
12.0
.8
2.0
12.1
.8
2.0
93.5
64.5
17.0
89.2
60.4
16.4
90.1
60.7
16.8
861.5
50.5
78.6
236.5
32.9
883.0
52.0
76.6
241.5
33.7
887.6
51.8
76.4
243.3
33.7
4.3
34.0
1.8
2.7
10.1
1.6
32.4
1.7
2.6
9.9
1.7
33.8
1.7
2.6
10.3
1.8
12,048.0
1,129.7
162.2
207.6
4,101.6
106.6
837.1
212.7
627.6
566.7
909.9
941.4
816.4
146.3
128.4
146.2
129.6
12,344.1
1,149.7
161.0
211.1
4,180.3
112.4
866.3
219.8
641.2
591.3
946.7
952.3
821.9
148.8
128.8
146.8
132.8
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
1,419.5
108.0
805.5
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
May
1989*
Apr.
1989
May
1988
4.2
(1)
May
1989P
4.2
(1)
(1)
.9
.4
1.0
.4
May
1988
.9
.4
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
(1)
(1)
(1)
12,385.8
1,154.8
161.9
212.5
4,185.9
112.4
870.1
221.3
643.4
594.0
951.1
957.2
824.7
149.0
129.4
148.0
134.3
42.8
1.4
14.4
.7
9.9
(1)
3.3
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6
41.5
1.3
14.1
.5
9.5
(1)
3.5
2.8
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6
41.7
1.3
14.1
.6
9.6
(1)
3.6
2.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.7
599.4
66.6
9.8
12.1
147.1
7.2
50.0
13.7
52.9
32.9
56.3
34.7
33.3
6.5
8.7
8.4
9.5
624.1
66.9
8.9
11.8
152.4
7.9
50.5
14.0
54.8
33.9
60.5
35.6
32.9
6.8
8.2
8.3
10.4
632.0
68.2
9.1
12.1
153.4
8.0
51.3
14.5
55.3
35.2
61.5
36.0
33.2
6.9
8.7
8.4
10.5
1,438.7
108.4
801.1
1,441.9
109.3
807.0
20.5
.3
12.9
20.1
.3
11.8
20.1
.3
11.8
59.8
3.5
33.6
54.6
3.4
28.4
57.3
3.6
29.7
1,674.9
203.3
486.4
65.6
259.4
125.9
86.5
1,689.5
203.4
489.7
66.2
263.3
126.0
88.5
1,699.0
204.7
491.3
66.8
265.2
126.4
88.7
1.5
82.3
9.4
21.0
5.2
13.7
5.4
4.7
74.5
9.0
20.9
4.4
14.2
5.5
5.0
77.6
9.4
21.4
4.7
14.7
5.6
5.1
329.6
283.0
340.7
290.3
342.2
290.7
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
21.6
18.7
21.7
18.3
21.6
18.6
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
671.4
2,157.6
684.5
2,223.6
685.5
2,235.7
.1
1.2
.1
1.1
.1
1.2
13.5
140.8
13.2
147.0
13.1
148.5
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
5,061.2
117.3
481.5
115.1
407.9
151.3
852.4
502.0
125.7
109.8
114.3
830.8
338.5
5,274.5
121.9
497.4
125.1
419.8
158.5
872.6
517.9
126.5
114.7
117.5
860.6
367.7
5,267.5
121.5
494.9
124.4
421.5
158.1
874.0
518.8
126.8
114.7
117.6
861.3
363.5
9.5
347.3
8.4
36.7
12.3
26.8
9.1
40.4
37.1
8.6
10.0
5.8
57.5
29.5
346.3
8.3
36.3
14.1
27.5
9.2
38.8
37.1
8.2
10.4
5.7
56.6
30.7
347.0
8.4
36.5
13.9
27.7
9.1
38.2
36.9
8.3
10.4
5.6
56.7
30.1
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
,
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
96
1.6
(1)
1.5
(1)
.4
.3
(1)
(1)
.4
.5
()
()
(1)
(1)
.3
.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.0
(1)
(1)
1.0
(1)
.3
(1)
.7
.6
(1)
.9
.4
(1)
(1)
.3
.6
.6
O
.4
.4
1
9.4
9.1
(1)
.4
(1)
.4
.4
0
1
(1)
(1)
O
(1)
.3
(1)
(1)
.8
.8
(1)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
378.4
56.8
32.2
25.6
19.0
10.1
Apr.
1989
385.3
58.6
33.3
24.7
18.7
10.3
May
1989?
385.6
58.5
33.2
24.9
18.7
10.2
May
1988
79.1
32.0
2.9
10.2
5.1
2.0
Apr.
1989
May
1989"
79.4
31.9
2.9
10.2
5.1
2.0
79.6
31.9
3.0
10.1
5.1
2.0
May
1988
337.2
97.4
24.3
43.7
29.2
12.4
Apr.
1989
343.2
100.3
25.2
44.3
29.5
12.8
May
1989P
344.2
100.6
25.4
44.4
29.4
12.8
14.3
12.9
14.0
17.2
18.5
22.1
42.4
41.6
43.2
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
190.0
138.7
30.4
190.0
139.0
29.5
189.5
138.9
29.0
72.4
50.2
9.1
72.6
50.6
9.1
72.2
50.4
9.3
346.7
235.5
56.5
360.0
243.5
58.1
360.3
243.6
58.3
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
226.3
12.8
27.8
33.5
6.4
234.4
13.0
26.4
35.3
6.7
234.1
13.0
25.9
35.3
6.5
51.3
4.8
4.1
16.6
2.5
51.3
4.7
4.3
17.5
2.6
51.7
4.8
4.2
17.6
2.6
194.5
11.6
15.9
56.8
7.1
197.1
12.0
15.3
57.1
7.2
199.1
12.0
15.4
57.5
7.3
2,139.5
255.8
10.6
21.8
904.1
21.9
107.9
29.9
81.8
41.2
126.7
80.3
270.1
22.1
19.5
23.7
12.0
2,160.8
257.4
10.4
22.1
902.7
24.2
109.2
30.4
81.7
42.1
131.4
80.9
273.8
22.0
19.7
23.1
12.0
2,161.8
257.7
10.4
22.3
900.9
23.8
109.6
30.4
82.1
42.0
131.6
80.5
273.7
21.7
19.7
23.6
12.2
584.4
34.1
7.1
11.3
203.7
4.4
55.2
11.0
30.3
24.6
35.3
76.8
21.6
5.0
5.8
8.6
4.5
590.0
34.1
7.3
11.5
204.7
4.6
57.6
11.7
30.5
25.8
35.7
76.6
21.4
5.0
5.8
9.0
4.5
593.4
34.1
7.4
11.5
205.0
4.6
58.2
11.8
30.5
26.0
35.8
76.9
21.5
5.0
5.8
9.1
4.6
2,837.4
277.1
38.6
53.5
946.0
27.8
202.7
52.6
156.7
135.7
219.4
208.8
159.8
34.7
32.5
33.8
31.2
2,907.1
286.3
37.8
52.7
966.4
29.0
211.4
54.6
157.1
139.5
228.2
211.1
159.6
35.3
32.9
34.1
32.3
2,923.0
287.4
38.1
53.0
969.9
29.3
212.0
55.1
158.0
140.4
229.5
214.3
160.4
35.4
32.9
34.5
32.7
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
188.0
29.3
94.5
189.3
28.9
95.3
190.5
28.9
95.6
91.1
2.3
67.1
90.3
2.3
65.5
90.4
2.3
65.7
345.5
22.9
196.6
352.6
22.8
197.2
353.4
23.4
198.2
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
375.3
57.5
90.8
18.6
47.5
22.8
23.8
372.2
56.4
89.3
19.0
47.3
22.3
24.2
370.8
56.2
89.4
19.0
47.4
21.8
23.5
72.7
8.2
18.8
3.1
17.8
5.5
3.2
72.6
8.3
19.0
3.2
18.2
5.5
3.1
73.1
8.4
19.2
3.2
18.1
5.6
3.1
376.2
47.0
103.0
13.5
60.0
29.6
16.7
385.4
46.4
104.6
13.9
60.8
29.3
17.0
388.4
46.9
104.9
14.0
61.3
29.6
17.3
Delaware
Wilmington
69.5
59.2
72.1
61.6
71.8
61.2
13.9
14.7
14.2
15.2
14.1
15.1
72.0
59.6
73.8
60.2
74.4
60.1
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
16.5
87.4
16.1
86.5
16.1
86.6
25.3
103.7
25.6
109.9
25.5
110.5
65.2
427.7
66.2
434.5
66.9
437.4
541.5
12.0
46.2
5.8
38.2
29.2
93.2
57.5
11.2
8.5
4.9
96.3
35.2
545.3
12.0
47.0
6.4
39.4
30.4
93.0
56.9
11.3
8.8
5.0
97.0
34.1
545.9
12.0
46.9
6.6
39.2
30.3
93.1
56.8
11.3
8.9
4.9
97.6
34.0
260.6
3.6
23.3
5.1
27.4
5.6
70.3
25.5
6.5
3.4
2.9
39.1
12.5
255.6
3.7
23.3
5.2
27.6
6.1
63.5
26.1
6.6
3.4
2.8
39.1
12.8
256.9
3.7
23.3
5.2
27.7
6.1
64.5
26.4
6.7
3.4
2.8
39.3
12.8
1,376.3
35.2
143.9
34.2
112.2
35.5
232.4
129.6
31.9
32.2
23.9
228.0
90.6
1,448.4
37.3
150.0
36.9
115.6
37.0
239.5
134.6
32.0
34.4
24.7
240.1
101.8
1,442.8
36.9
148.9
36.7
116.6
37.0
240.2
134.2
32.2
34.4
24.8
239.7
100.1
Alaska
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
'..
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.
97
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
May
1988
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
285.8
93.8
29.6
38.2
27.5
8.6
Apr.
1989
287.5
95.9
31.2
39.3
28.7
9.3
69.9
28.4
3.7
8.0
7.5
2.1
71.1
27.8
3.8
7.9
7.6
2.1
71.3
27.9
3.8
7.8
7.7
2.1
10.6
10.6
10.6
43.2
42.9
371.9
249.7
70.4
May
1989P
288.8
95.9
31.4
39.4
28.6
9.0
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
309.5
61.7
29.5
28.5
32.0
19.5
314.8
62.5
30.7
29.0
32.7
20.9
43.8
66.7
69.3
68.5
370.5
248.3
69.9
248.7
128.0
53.8
255.3
129.7
55.8
255.6
130.2
55.8
316.7
62.8
31.0
29.1
32.6
20.8
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
94.0
74.7
12.4
92.1
73.4
11.8
92.2
73.6
11.6
362.3
244.8
67.4
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
37.8
1.5
2.7
15.8
1.4
38.0
1.5
2.6
15.9
1.4
38.0
1.5
2.6
15.9
1.3
162.4
7.8
16.4
56.3
6.4
170.1
8.1
16.3
58.0
6.6
171.0
8.1
16.5
58.8
6.7
151.0
10.2
8.0
47.0
7.5
155.5
11.0
8.2
47.4
7.5
155.6
10.7
8.3
47.5
7.5
810.2
92.5
6.4
12.1
284.8
4.4
55.7
11.2
27.4
35.1
63.8
111.2
32.4
8.6
8.4
8.8
4.6
821.4
90.7
6.5
11.8
287.1
4.2
56.2
11.1
28.3
37.0
64.8
110.2
32.6
8.7
8.4
8.5
4.6
824.1
90.6
6.5
11.8
287.5
4.2
56.3
11.3
28.5
37.0
65.0
110.2
32.7
8.7
8.4
8.5
4.6
3,065.4
280.8
34.2
48.2
1,093.5
22.6
198.5
50.7
148.9
122.9
242.1
291.4
211.2
39.8
29.3
30.6
29.1
3,172.8
289.5
33.5
51.3
1,129.2
23.4
209.2
53.5
154.8
132.0
254.4
298.0
213.7
40.9
29.0
31.1
30.1
3,176.3
291.2
33.8
51.6
1,129.5
23.4
209.7
53.5
154.1
131.4
255.7
298.9
214.9
41.1
29.1
31.2
30.6
1,968.9
121.4
41.1
47.9
512.5
18.3
163.8
40.7
128.3
173.6
165.5
137.3
87.9
28.1
23.5
32.2
38.1
2,026.4
123.5
42.5
49.4
528.3
19.1
168.7
41.7
132.7
180.4
170.9
139.0
87.8
28.6
24.1
32.6
38.3
2,033.5
124.3
42.5
49.6
530.1
19.1
169.4
41.8
133.6
181.4
171.2
139.5
88.2
28.7
24.1
32.6
38.4
95.2
4.0
63.3
93.5
4.0
61.8
93.7
4.1
62.2
348.2
22.9
209.9
361.2
23.5
211.3
358.4
23.4
213.8
271.2
22.8
127.6
277.1
23.2
129.8
278.1
23.3
130.0
153.4
12.8
76.5
4.2
16.1
13.8
4.5
154.3
13.3
76.0
4.5
16.8
14.4
4.6
154.7
13.3
76.0
4.6
16.9
14.4
4.7
406.0
48.4
113.4
14.0
71.2
37.5
21.0
415.5
50.0
116.0
14.4
73.2
37.8
21.7
420.0
50.5
116.6
14.5
73.8
38.2
22.1
207.4
20.0
62.6
7.0
32.7
10.8
12.6
213.5
20.0
63.5
6.8
32.4
10.8
12.9
212.9
20.0
63.4
6.8
32.6
10.8
12.9
28.8
25.5
32.3
28.0
32.7
28.3
75.8
67.0
78.3
68.3
79.0
68.4
47.9
38.1
48.2
38.5
48.5
38.8
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
34.8
126.2
34.8
130.0
34.8
130.5
242.2
697.4
254.0
731.3
253.4
733.8
273.9
573.2
274.5
583.1
275.6
587.1
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
363.2
6.4
39.8
7.9
38.8
5.6
70.5
33.2
5.6
8.4
5.0
65.2
28.5
372.0
6.3
39.7
8.7
39.2
5.7
72.4
33.6
5.6
8.6
5.0
65.9
29.1
372.5
6.3
39.7
8.7
39.2
5.7
72.7
33.7
5.6
8.5
5.0
66.1
29.0
1,386.9
32.6
130.5
32.4
104.0
45.0
232.9
161.4
31.9
33.5
23.6
239.1
99.2
1,481.8
34.1
136.2
35.7
108.6
48.0
244.6
169.4
32.5
34.8
24.0
252.1
112.3
1,473.8
33.9
134.3
34.9
109.0
48.0
244.0
170.4
32.4
34.8
24.1
252.1
110.5
776.3
19.1
60.8
17.3
59.9
21.2
111.7
57.6
29.6
13.7
47.9
104.9
42.9
815.7
20.2
64.6
18.0
61.3
22.0
119.9
60.1
30.0
14.3
50.0
109.0
46.8
819.1
20.3
65.0
18.3
61.5
21.8
120.3
60.3
30.0
14.3
50.1
109.0
46.9
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.
98
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
<jonstruction
State and area
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
May
May
1988
Apr.
1989
1989P
2,865.8
65.0
1,414.5
159.4
95.1
120.7
104.8
2,925.9
66.0
1,428.8
159.0
95.3
123.2
105.5
2,930.7
66.4
1,434.7
159.3
95.6
123.5
105.9
Apr.
1989
May
1988
May
1989*
8.9
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
(1)
(1)
(1)
150.4
2.4
70.6
10.2
5.2
5.0
6.3
1
1
(1)
(1)
22.6
17.9
26.0
19.9
26.3
20.1
8.9
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1
8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1
140.6
2.3
66.6
10.4
4.9
5.0
6.2
142.3
2.3
67.9
10.4
5.0
5.2
6.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
477.3
378.9
490.4
386.6
492.7
388.5
()
(1)
Idaho
Boise City
347.8
91.9
355.3
95.6
359.7
97.2
3.8
(2)
(*)
(*)
14.0
4.8
13.7
4.7
15.0
5.0
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
5,073.6
142.8
58.8
88.9
3,103.1
156.3
51.7
98.7
33.4
198.3
139.7
130.2
99.9
5,136.1
146.3
62.4
89.7
3,137.7
157.7
52.8
99.3
33.9
203.4
142.5
130.2
100.1
5,154.1
147.4
62.6
89.9
3,155.2
157.4
52.7
99.6
34.1
204.8
143.5
130.7
100.7
21.5
(1)
20.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
20.2
(1)
(1)
207.0
7.0
1.7
2.5
130.5
4.8
2.6
5.5
1.3
9.4
5.9
4.5
2.9
198.8
7.8
1.8
2.5
129.0
4.7
2.7
5.7
1.3
10.4
6.1
4.2
2.9
209.1
8.1
1.9
2.6
135.2
4.9
2.7
5.7
1.3
11.0
6.4
4.4
3.0
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,405.2
49.0
53.4
103.6
128.5
191.7
229.6
626.9
62.5
53.0
115.9
54.0
2,455.7
50.2
57.6
106.1
132.0
196.8
237.1
642.4
67.1
53.7
118.7
55.5
2,482.5
50.4
57.4
106.8
133.0
198.7
239.4
651.4
64.3
53.5
120.0
55.1
110.7
1.4
2.3
2.9
7.4
9.5
12.7
32.3
3.0
2.1
5.4
2.0
113.2
1.5
2.9
2.9
7.3
9.8
13.8
34.0
3.4
2.0
6.5
2.1
119.8
1.6
3.1
3.0
7.6
10.3
14.7
35.5
3.7
2.1
7.0
2.5
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,165.0
88.9
214.3
42.2
51.4
63.9
1,191.4
90.8
219.4
42.9
53.0
66.1
1,201.2
91.6
221.6
42.9
53.1
66.5
2.3
.1
(1)
38.7
3.1
7.2
1.2
1.8
1.9
37.1
2.9
6.5
1.1
1.7
2.3
41.3
3.0
7.0
1.1
1.7
2.5
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
1,037.7
89.9
235.3
1,057.8
92.0
240.7
1,060.9
91.1
242.7
2.2
1.9
10.0
(1)
2.0
43.2
3.4
10.0
40.6
2.9
9.5
42.1
3.0
9.9
Kentucky
Lexlngton-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,375.1
192.6
453.6
34.0
1,389.7
197.1
455.8
34.1
1,396.7
197.9
458.0
34.6
36.9
.3
.8
.7
34.2
.2
1.1
.5
34.4
.2
1.2
.6
63.5
11.7
21.6
2.1
61.0
11.6
20.6
1.9
62.2
11.8
20.8
2.0
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,502.5
45.4
222.4
54.1
84.4
55.1
517.6
131.4
1,513.6
45.2
223.1
54.2
86.3
54.0
519.7
128.0
1,519.4
45.5
222.7
54.3
86.3
53.8
520.5
128.9
56.4
.2
1.0
5.8
11.2
.4
15.1
3.3
57.1
.2
1.0
6.0
11.4
.4
15.2
3.0
56.9
.2
1.0
5.8
11.4
.4
15.1
3.0
84.3
2.3
25.7
1.8
3.0
2.4
22.1
6.5
89.6
1.9
24.5
1.8
3.8
2.2
23.1
6.4
89.7
2.0
24.5
1.8
3.7
2.3
23.1
6.5
518.7
41.1
127.5
517.8
40.7
131.1
524.5
41.2
133.2
.2
34.8
2.4
9.1
31.8
2.2
8.7
34.1
2.2
9.3
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
()
V)
3.3
0)
3.7
(1)
2.3
2.2
0
2.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
0
(1)
(1)
0)
0)
(11)
()
(1)
8.6
8.4
8.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(*)
{*>
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.0
1.9
2.1
(*)
(*)
.9
.9
.9
(*)
.4
I2)
2.4
.1
1
()
.3
2.2
.1
.3
1
0
()
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
10.8
(1)
9.9
(1)
.2
.2
(1)
(1)
1
0)
( )
i2)
0
0)
See footnotes at end of table.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
575.4
14.9
186.4
36.0
20.3
18.7
17.5
562.5
14.9
174.0
36.2
21.1
18.7
17.5
565.5
15.1
176.5
36.2
21.1
18.6
17.6
180.9
1.7
119.4
4.8
3.6
5.2
9.5
180.0
1.9
115.5
4.4
3.6
5.3
9.8
181.0
1.9
116.1
4.4
3.6
5.3
10.2
728.5
14.2
396.3
35.1
21.0
28.3
25.9
764.8
14.5
408.0
35.1
20.6
28.1
26.0
763.5
14.6
410.2
35.2
20.8
28.3
26.1
Hawaii
Honolulu
22.3
16.7
21.9
16.3
22.1
16.6
37.8
30.9
39.3
32.3
39.6
32.5
128.2
100.3
128.3
100.1
129.0
100.6
Idaho
Boise City
57.5
12.7
58.2
13.9
59.5
14.1
18.4
5.2
18.6
5.4
18.7
5.4
86.1
23.1
88.0
24.2
89.1
24.7
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
971.4
38.3
5.6
8.5
563.1
32.5
13.6
19.1
5.2
44.2
33.2
45.3
4.0
980.4
38.4
7.8
8.9
565.5
32.8
13.8
19.3
5.5
44.3
35.1
45.6
3.7
981.0
38.3
8.1
9.0
564.7
32.8
13.7
19.4
5.6
44.4
35.6
45.6
3.6
299.1
3.0
2.7
2.3
186.8
8.0
5.0
8.3
1.3
7.0
6.9
5.0
4.9
301.6
2.9
2.7
2.3
188.3
8.1
5.2
8.3
1.3
7.1
7.1
5.0
5.0
302.4
2.9
2.7
2.3
188.8
8.1
5.2
8.3
1.3
7.2
7.1
5.1
5.0
1,247.5
38.4
13.3
20.1
775.0
42.8
11.3
22.9
8.4
54.4
33.7
28.5
22.5
1,282.2
39.5
13.2
20.2
777.9
43.2
11.7
22.9
8.5
57.7
33.8
28.6
22.0
1,287.0
40.0
13.2
20.3
783.9
43.2
11.7
22.9
8.5
57.9
33.9
28.6
22.3
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
631.4
17.3
9.3
56.7
30.7
52.1
56.3
106.2
12.2
11.0
24.1
10.2
636.8
17.1
10.4
57.9
31.5
53.6
57.2
106.7
12.4
11.2
23.4
10.1
637.1
17.1
10.6
58.0
31.7
53.5
57.2
106.9
12.4
11.2
23.3
10.1
123.9
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.7
15.6
39.2
1.9
2.4
5.2
2.9
127.8
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
13.0
15.6
40.4
1.9
2.4
5.4
3.1
129.0
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
13.2
15.7
40.8
1.9
2.4
5.4
3.2
571.5
11.3
12.1
18.8
33.6
47.4
54.5
161.7
13.0
12.9
29.8
14.8
579.2
11.6
12.6
19.1
34.5
48.4
56.8
164.7
13.1
13.1
30.5
14.9
588.2
11.7
12.5
19.4
34.8
49.1
57.5
166.9
13.2
13.3
30.9
15.0
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
226.7
23.1
25.8
12.1
9.7
14.7
232.9
23.7
26.2
12.4
10.5
15.3
233.8
23.7
26.3
12.4
10.5
15.4
54.0
5.4
12.5
1.7
3.1
1.7
55.2
5.5
12.5
1.8
3.4
1.8
55.4
5.6
12.5
1.8
3.3
1.9
295.7
21.3
55.1
9.7
13.5
15.2
303.4
21.6
56.9
9.8
13.7
15.6
306.6
21.7
57.7
10.0
13.8
15.8
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
181.3
9.3
61.2
184.1
9.4
63.7
185.0
9.3
63.9
64.7
6.7
10.9
65.1
6.6
11.4
65.8
6.7
11.6
258.1
21.4
54.4
258.7
22.1
54.0
260.7
22.1
54.5
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
273.3
31.5
88.1
5.8
280.8
34.3
87.3
6.2
281.5
34.6
87.1
6.3
72.7
8.2
28.4
2.1
74.9
8.2
29.0
2.1
75.1
8.2
29.2
2.1
327.3
42.1
112.9
8.7
331.3
43.2
110.4
8.7
331.3
43.1
111.1
8.7
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
170.0
3.2
19.1
4.7
7.1
7.5
43.9
18.0
171.1
3.4
19.4
4.4
6.9
7.6
43.2
17.5
171.8
3.4
19.5
4.5
6.8
7.1
43.6
17.3
106.1
2.1
10.5
6.2
5.7
2.9
43.9
6.0
108.3
2.1
10.4
6.2
6.2
2.8
44.3
8.1
108.4
2.1
10.4
6.3
6.2
2.8
44.2
8.0
358.8
11.0
52.0
13.7
23.0
14.1
134.2
31.7
360.6
10.4
53.2
13.6
23.4
13.4
134.6
31.3
362.8
10.6
53.7
13.7
23.4
13.3
134.4
31.4
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
106.2
10.6
17.2
106.2
10.0
17.5
105.6
10.1
17.4
20.8
1.5
5.5
21.3
1.4
5.1
21.6
1.4
5.3
128.0
9.9
37.6
124.0
10.2
39.0
127.2
10.4
39.5
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
100
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989"
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
160.6
1.9
102.4
5.9
6.6
7.5
4.5
163.8
2.0
104.6
5.5
6.6
7.9
4.5
163.7
2.0
105.1
5.5
6.5
8.0
4.5
565.8
10.1
333.2
32.9
17.4
22.7
24.9
591.1
10.4
348.5
33.0
17.6
23.7
24.9
590.0
10.3
347.1
33.3
17.5
23.6
24.9
495.3
19.6
204.7
34.1
20.9
33.0
16.2
514.3
20.0
210.0
33.9
20.8
34.3
16.6
515.9
20.1
210.5
33.9
20.8
34.4
16.5
Hawaii
Honolulu
34.5
29.1
35.6
30.0
35.6
29.9
131.0
99.2
136.6
101.9
136.6
102.0
100.9
84.8
102.7
86.1
103.5
86.8
Idaho
Boise City
19.3
7.7
19.1
7.6
19.3
7.6
71.5
20.5
76.0
21.5
75.8
22.0
77.7
17.9
78.0
18.3
78.5
18.4
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
369.3
8.5
10.0
3.4
269.1
8.2
2.2
3.7
1.5
7.0
7.4
5.1
8.0
369.1
8.8
10.0
3.5
270.7
8.1
2.1
3.7
1.5
7.0
7.5
5.4
8.1
370.5
8.8
10.0
3.5
271.2
8.2
2.1
3.7
1.5
7.1
7.5
5.4
8.1
1,220.9
31.5
13.1
16.3
810.3
32.9
11.4
22.0
9.0
45.5
36.2
29.3
25.1
1,242.7
33.0
13.4
16.8
832.1
33.2
11.7
22.1
9.2
44.7
36.6
29.4
25.6
1,248.0
33.3
13.4
16.8
836.3
33.0
11.6
22.2
9.2
45.0
36.6
29.7
25.6
736.9
16.0
12.4
35.8
366.0
27.1
5.6
16.9
6.7
30.4
16.4
12.5
32.4
741.2
15.9
13.5
35.5
372.0
27.6
5.6
17.3
6.6
32.2
16.3
12.0
32.8
735.9
16.0
13.3
35.4
372.9
27.2
5.7
17.4
6.7
32.2
16.4
11.9
33.1
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
119.3
1.6
1.9
2.6
5.2
12.4
8.3
48.2
3.1
1.6
6.1
2.0
122.5
1.7
2.1
2.7
5.3
12.7
8.4
48.9
3.3
1.7
6.2
2.0
124.0
1.7
2.2
2.8
5.3
13.0
8.5
49.3
3.3
1.7
6.3
2.0
479.0
10.1
8.6
13.9
30.4
39.2
50.8
145.4
11.1
11.1
33.5
11.6
494.6
10.5
9.5
14.5
31.7
40.6
53.0
149.6
11.8
11.1
35.0
11.9
502.2
10.3
9.6
14.7
31.8
41.0
53.4
153.6
11.9
11.3
35.3
12.0
360.9
6.0
17.4
5.9
12.4
18.4
31.4
93.0
18.1
11.9
11.8
10.2
373.4
6.4
18.3
6.0
13.1
18.7
32.3
97.2
21.1
12.2
11.8
11.0
373.7
6.5
17.7
6.0
13.1
18.6
32.4
97.6
17.9
11.6
11.9
10.0
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
65.6
4.7
28.5
1.4
2.5
2.9
67.3
4.9
30.5
1.4
2.6
2.9
67.8
4.9
30.6
1.5
2.6
2.9
263.2
20.8
54.4
12.4
14.3
14.6
273.3
22.2
55.9
12.9
14.5
14.9
272.9
22.4
56.5
12.6
14.6
14.8
218.7
10.4
30.6
3.6
6.5
12.8
220.0
9.9
30.7
3.4
6.6
13.2
221.1
10.2
30.8
3.4
6.6
13.1
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
58.3
6.4
11.1
57.8
6.6
10.8
58.4
6.6
10.8
212.0
20.8
56.6
220.5
20.9
59.0
221.8
20.7
59.4
209.3
21.8
28.9
221.1
23.4
30.4
217.1
22.6
30.6
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
59.2
9.2
27.2
1.4
58.3
9.3
26.4
1.3
58.4
9.3
26.4
1.4
294.3
43.8
112.9
7.9
300.0
42.9
117.6
7.9
303.2
43.2
118.9
8.0
247.9
45.8
61.7
5.3
249.2
47.4
63.4
5.5
250.6
47.5
63.3
5.5
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
82.8
2.6
13.6
2.2
3.6
4.4
33.8
6.8
80.7
2.5
13.6
2.2
3.5
4.3
33.3
6.2
80.3
2.5
13.6
2.1
3.5
4.2
33.2
6.2
328.3
11.3
45.9
9.1
18.3
11.7
138.2
31.7
328.8
11.5
46.2
9.4
18.5
12.1
139.0
30.2
332.3
11.5
45.7
9.4
18.6
12.3
139.7
31.0
315.8
12.7
54.6
10.6
12.5
11.7
86.4
25.4
317.4
13.2
54.8
10.6
12.6
11.2
87.0
25.3
317.2
13.2
54.3
10.7
12.7
11.4
87.2
25.5
Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
25.3
2.2
12.2
25.4
2.3
11.9
25.4
2.3
12.0
112.4
10.5
30.5
113.7
10.5
31.9
115.2
10.8
32.7
91.0
4.0
15.4
95.2
4.1
17.0
95.1
4.0
17.0
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Constructor
State and area
Apr.
1989
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,092.9
1,113.7
465.7
746.8
2,113.1
1,123.8
472.0
763.1
2,126.0
1,131.0
473.7
766.3
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,128.6
1,756.5
73.6
56.3
42.2
167.2
110.4
68.3
42.3
242.6
208.1
3,140.2
1,766.8
75.5
56.4
42.1
167.0
111.0
69.2
42.6
244.4
215.8
3,160.8
1,776.6
75.9
57.0
42.7
167.7
111.9
69.8
43.5
245.1
216.4
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
3,806.6
169.8
58.0
65.6
1,889.5
163.8
329.3
52.4
106.5
212.2
57.9
154.6
3,852.7
178.3
59.1
67.2
1,927.2
167.3
337.0
54.3
110.8
213.4
57.0
155.8
3,883.1
176.3
59.1
67.8
1,945.8
168.9
340.4
54.8
109.5
217.1
57.9
157.6
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,028.1
92.5
1,319.3
59.4
73.4
2,058.7
91.9
1,343.6
61.7
74.5
2,089.1
93.4
1,359.7
62.2
75.7
897.0
181.2
912.3
184.8
915.1
185.6
6.4
.9
2,249.6
756.4
1,142.5
113.1
2,272.3
767.5
1,153.4
115.1
2,280.6
768.4
1,156.0
115.0
Montana
279.3
279.0
283.5
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
693.2
118.1
309.0
710.8
121.6
318.7
715.4
121.9
320.8
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
534.3
304.7
136.9
563.4
325.2
140.8
570.6
328.5
142.5
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester
523.8
85.3
95.7
111.4
527.1
86.3
94.4
111.6
533.5
86.4
95.2
113.7
3,649.4
168.7
674.4
432.3
244.2
527.1
329.3
956.1
198.3
57.3
3,669.1
168.6
681.6
441.4
247.6
541.1
331.8
962.7
199.4
58.4
3,683.8
174.8
683.8
443.2
247.0
542.0
337.6
963.7
199.7
59.1
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.
102
May
1988
1.7
.3
May
1989P
1.7
.3
1.7
.3
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
160.5
75.7
19.3
67.5
159.3
75.3
19.3
67.9
159.9
76.1
19.4
68.4
144.4
72.6
4.2
3.2
2.6
7.9
5.9
3.5
2.7
10.3
10.6
138.6
71.9
4.3
3.5
2.7
7.6
5.9
3.8
2.6
10.6
10.6
142.8
75.4
4.5
3.7
2.9
8.1
6.3
4.0
2.9
11.2
10.9
134.6
6.4
1.8
1.5
62.7
5.3
16.2
1.4
3.4
6.2
2.3
7.4
127.1
5.4
1.8
1.5
60.8
5.0
17.2
1.6
3.5
5.8
2.4
6.5
138.4
5.6
1.9
1.6
66.5
5.4
17.6
1.6
3.6
6.2
2.6
7.0
7.4
4.9
80.5
3.6
53.2
2.1
3.6
72.3
2.9
49.6
1.9
3.6
81.0
3.4
54.2
2.0
4.0
5.8
.9
5.9
.9
35.8
8.5
34.5
8.4
34.9
8.4
5.3
.6
3.3
.1
5.2
.6
3.1
.1
5.3
.6
3.2
.1
96.3
33.9
55.6
4.8
89.2
32.0
50.2
4.4
90.9
32.4
50.1
4.6
6.0
6.3
6.3
8.9
8.3
8.9
1.6
(1)
(1)
.6
.5
1.6
.9
(1)
01
()
(')
0
0
.2
(1)
.1
.1
.1
10.6
10.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
.9
0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
.2
.1
.1
.1
10.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8
1
(1)
1.3
1.0
(1)
.1
.1
.1
(1)
.5
0)
.2
(1)
0
1.2
.9
(1)
0
May
1988
.8
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
0)
0)
7.1
4.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6.9
4.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
1.7
.2
.2
.2
25.3
4.4
12.2
25.9
4.1
11.8
27.3
4.2
12.4
10.5
.2
1.2
12.6
.2
1.4
12.9
.2
1.4
35.1
21.7
7.3
41.0
26.7
8.0
42.3
27.2
8.2
.7
37.3
5.9
4.9
6.3
32.3
6.0
4.4
5.4
34.3
6.2
4.5
5.7
174.2
10.7
33.1
24.2
7.2
24.5
21.7
39.6
5.5
2.4
174.6
11.0
33.3
24.0
7.5
24.4
23.0
39.3
5.6
2.2
178.3
11.6
34.2
24.7
7.8
25.2
23.6
40.5
5.7
2.4
1.6
(1)
(1)
.7
ft
.1
.2
.7
ft
2.3
(1)
(1)
.1
.1
2.4
(1)
.1
.1
1
()
.7
()
.6
0
.7
(1)
.4
.2
.1
1
()
(1)
2.5
.2
.1
.7
.1
.1
(1)
1
(1)
ft
.4
.7
0
0
.7
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
IDublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989^
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
207.2
132.6
44.6
35.6
205.3
129.9
45.4
36.4
205.5
129.7
45.5
36.7
95.4
54.8
27.8
27.0
95.1
55.2
27.7
27.6
94.5
55.2
27.7
27.7
531.9
272.7
95.6
199.2
535.3
273.9
95.2
202.0
540.2
276.6
96.3
203.1
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
586.7
271.9
11.0
15.9
12.0
50.6
36.8
19.2
11.1
51.2
44.7
576.5
267.4
11.1
15.2
12.3
47.7
36.2
18.0
10.9
50.4
45.7
575.9
267.5
11.1
15.1
12.3
47.3
36.1
18.1
10.9
50.3
45.8
134.5
77.3
5.2
2.0
1.7
7.0
4.9
3.1
1.1
9.8
9.5
134.3
76.3
5.0
1.9
1.6
7.2
5.0
3.0
1.2
10.4
9.7
136.1
77.0
5.0
2.0
1.5
7.3
5.4
3.1
1.2
10.5
9.8
730.9
389.8
22.3
14.3
10.3
36.9
23.5
16.4
9.7
57.1
49.9
725.0
385.9
22.6
14.4
10.3
37.9
24.1
16.7
10.1
57.8
52.1
732.6
387.1
22.8
14.5
10.4
38.4
24.1
16.8
10.3
58.4
52.2
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
948.9
38.8
15.5
22.1
454.7
49.2
98.2
13.3
30.5
33.4
17.3
43.1
953.0
38.7
15.3
22.6
468.2
51.2
99.4
14.0
30.4
32.6
16.4
43.3
952.3
38.8
15.4
22.4
468.2
51.3
99.9
14.0
30.6
32.5
16.4
43.4
155.8
4.4
1.8
2.3
88.9
4.1
11.5
4.1
3.2
5.5
2.4
6.9
153.1
4.0
1.8
2.3
86.3
4.1
11.9
4.2
3.3
5.3
2.3
6.9
154.2
3.9
1.8
2.4
86.7
4.1
12.1
4.2
3.3
5.4
2.3
7.0
884.7
30.9
11.8
13.9
445.2
43.4
85.2
11.7
24.2
44.5
13.3
36.4
899.4
32.8
12.2
14.5
456.4
44.4
87.7
12.3
25.7
46.6
13.4
35.9
914.5
33.4
12.4
14.8
463.7
45.1
89.4
12.4
26.0
47.5
13.6
36.7
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
389.4
7.5
262.6
10.7
12.9
396.4
8.0
267.3
11.3
13.4
397.2
8.1
267.4
11.3
13.5
101.9
5.9
70.0
1.7
3.6
104.0
5.7
72.2
1.7
3.7
105.3
5.8
72.9
1.7
3.7
508.4
22.7
327.1
12.1
21.8
515.3
22.2
334.1
12.5
22.2
523.2
22.6
337.3
12.7
22.6
Mississippi
Jackson
238.2
21.0
242.4
21.1
242.6
21.3
44.0
13.2
44.3
13.3
44.5
13.4
190.6
42.7
194.5
43.4
196.2
43.9
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
427.7
111.5
221.1
21.6
433.8
110.3
227.0
21.2
434.3
110.2
226.9
21.2
147.2
61.3
74.0
6.8
148.0
62.5
74.5
7.0
148.7
62.5
75.0
7.1
552.2
196.4
277.0
31.9
554.4
197.6
278.9
32.2
558.7
198.6
280.4
32.4
Montana
20.6
20.6
21.1
19.3
19.3
19.6
72.7
72.4
73.5
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
93.6
14.2
34.3
97.7
15.3
35.0
97.7
15.1
35.4
44.7
6.2
23.9
47.1
6.6
25.9
47.3
6.6
25.9
177.8
26.6
78.2
183.2
27.3
79.7
183.9
27.2
80.2
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
24.7
9.3
8.6
26.1
10.2
8.9
26.3
10.3
9.0
28.8
16.3
9.3
30.1
17.1
9.6
30.2
17.0
9.7
108.0
63.8
30.6
113.4
66.7
32.7
115.0
67.4
33.1
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....
117.9
12.1
36.2
20.6
117.9
11.6
35.9
20.5
117.4
11.5
35.9
20.5
17.9
5.3
2.6
3.0
17.6
5.5
2.6
3.1
17.9
5.5
2.7
3.2
133.0
23.6
22.6
28.5
135.3
23.7
21.4
28.9
136.8
23.5
21.5
30.0
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
666.8
8.8
158.7
72.2
45.4
115.0
29.5
175.5
31.2
14.8
659.1
8.4
156.1
72.3
44.7
116.5
29.7
172.6
30.9
15.1
661.2
8.5
156.3
72.5
45.5
116.2
29.5
171.8
30.8
15.3
242.8
6.6
28.3
19.3
32.8
43.3
17.8
80.2
6.6
2.4
243.1
6.7
28.2
20.3
33.6
44.6
18.6
79.0
6.6
2.2
242.9
6.6
28.2
20.2
33.4
44.8
18.7
79.0
6.7
2.3
868.1
37.4
190.9
115.5
61.4
125.1
87.8
195.3
31.2
11.7
866.6
35.9
192.3
118.0
62.0
127.7
85.9
195.4
32.2
12.4
873.3
39.5
192.4
117.8
61.7
127.3
87.9
196.9
32.3
12.5
See footnotes at end of table.
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
129.1
76.4
45.2
43.1
131.0
77.3
45.3
44.6
131.4
77.4
45.4
44.6
563.0
294.0
142.0
216.4
571.3
300.9
146.4
221.3
575.9
302.7
146.7
221.7
404.1
207.2
91.2
157.4
414.1
211.0
92.7
162.8
416.9
213.0
92.7
163.6
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
224.6
153.9
3.3
3.1
1.7
6.7
4.0
2.6
2.0
15.8
14.5
232.0
158.7
3.4
3.4
1.7
6.9
4.1
2.5
1.9
15.6
15.3
233.4
159.6
3.4
3.4
1.7
7.1
4.1
2.6
2.0
15.8
15.4
894.9
582.2
15.6
10.8
8.9
35.9
21.3
13.7
10.7
59.2
53.5
923.6
598.0
16.7
11.0
8.6
37.3
21.8
14.4
10.9
61.2
56.8
929.4
600.1
16.7
11.2
9.0
37.7
22.0
14.6
11.2
60.7
56.8
411.0
207.9
12.0
7.0
5.0
22.2
13.8
9.8
4.9
39.1
25.3
409.0
207.7
12.4
7.0
4.9
22.4
13.7
10.8
4.9
38.3
25.5
409.3
208.9
12.4
7.1
4.9
21.8
13.7
10.6
4.9
38.1
25.4
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
185.8
4.6
3.4
2.5
109.9
6.0
15.1
1.9
4.8
12.4
1.4
6.2
186.6
5.0
3.5
2.5
109.5
5.9
15.5
1.9
5.1
12.9
1.3
6.2
188.2
5.0
3.5
2.5
110.2
5.9
15.6
1.9
5.1
13.1
1.4
6.3
852.3
34.4
11.8
14.3
480.0
31.9
70.1
9.7
24.1
40.3
11.8
33.0
874.9
37.9
12.5
14.8
491.1
33.0
72.5
10.1
24.5
41.6
12.0
35.3
879.4
38.9
12.0
15.0
494.2
33.1
72.2
10.1
24.7
41.6
12.2
35.6
633.9
50.2
11.8
8.7
247.3
23.9
32.7
10.0
16.2
69.5
9.2
21.5
647.9
54.4
12.1
8.9
254.1
23.6
32.6
10.1
18.3
68.2
9.1
21.4
645.3
50.6
12.1
8.9
255.5
23.9
33.4
10.3
16.1
70.4
9.3
21.4
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
119.2
3.1
92.8
1.5
2.2
120.3
3.2
94.3
1.5
2.2
121.3
3.1
95.1
1.5
2.3
490.4
22.5
331.8
24.9
15.9
505.5
22.4
341.9
26.2
15.7
512.1
22.8
346.0
26.4
15.9
331.2
22.4
181.2
6.4
13.3
338.0
22.7
183.7
6.5
13.6
341.6
22.8
186.1
6.6
13.6
38.8
14.6
39.0
14.7
39.1
14.7
145.6
40.1
150.2
41.9
150.7
42.1
197.6
40.3
201.6
41.2
201.2
40.8
135.9
58.1
76.0
5.1
135.6
58.0
74.9
5.3
135.8
58.1
75.2
5.3
526.1
179.3
292.2
28.3
536.9
185.8
300.2
29.8
539.0
186.8
301.5
29.3
358.9
115.3
143.3
14.5
369.2
120.7
144.6
15.1
367.9
119.2
143.7
15.0
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
13.3
13.4
13.5
66.7
67.4
68.6
71.8
71.3
72.0
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
47.9
8.3
28.7
48.8
8.4
29.4
49.1
8.4
29.6
158.6
26.3
84.8
165.1
28.0
89.5
166.1
28.4
89.7
143.6
32.1
46.7
141.4
31.9
47.2
142.4
32.0
47.4
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
24.4
15.0
6.9
25.9
16.4
7.0
26.2
16.6
7.1
234.7
143.9
55.7
242.7
151.3
55.7
245.6
153.2
56.3
68.1
34.5
17.3
71.6
36.6
17.5
72.1
36.6
17.7
N6W nampsnir©
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....
32.3
8.2
3.7
6.8
32.5
8.4
3.6
7.0
33.0
8.4
3.7
7.1
115.5
21.5
18.3
20.7
118.6
22.1
19.1
20.6
121.3
22.2
19.4
21.1
69.2
8.7
7.3
25.3
72.2
9.0
7.3
26.0
72.1
9.1
7.4
26.0
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
234.0
7.6
39.1
24.6
13.2
36.8
18.3
78.2
9.7
3.4
239.7
7.6
40.5
25.6
13.5
38.6
18.9
79.9
10.0
3.5
240.6
7.5
40.9
25.9
13.6
38.7
18.9
79.9
10.0
3.5
906.1
71.9
154.8
104.4
42.9
109.4
92.0
249.9
58.2
10.4
920.9
73.8
160.5
107.2
43.7
114.2
92.2
254.5
58.0
10.7
924.4
75.7
160.9
108.1
43.4
114.6
95.4
254.5
58.6
10.8
555.1
25.6
69.4
72.0
41.3
72.3
62.1
136.7
55.9
11.8
562.7
25.1
70.5
73.9
42.6
74.5
63.3
141.3
56.1
11.9
560.6
25.3
70.7
73.9
41.6
74.5
63.4
140.4
55.6
11.9
See footnotes at end of table.
104
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
(Construction
Mining
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Apr.
1989
May
1988
539.5
235.3
41.0
54.6
550.7
239.6
42.1
55.2
553.3
240.3
42.3
55.8
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,178.0
413.4
123.4
446.4
39.7
1,145.4
4,128.9
3,597.7
82.6
105.2
120.5
477.4
100.3
303.8
124.8
412.4
8,233.1
420.3
123.3
445.7
41.3
1,149.2
4,138.8
3,609.7
82.2
106.3
121.8
486.7
100.6
308.4
126.9
410.0
8,279.5
423.9
123.6
452.4
41.9
1,155.9
4,144.3
3,612.0
84.3
107.4
121.6
490.8
101.4
308.9
127.8
412.3
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
2,965.8
80.7
593.7
483.0
391.6
3,012.6
81.8
604.4
483.8
402.4
3,019.6
83.2
606.7
483.7
400.0
259.3
37.6
73.2
30.5
257.3
38.6
74.7
30.8
260.8
38.8
75.8
31.1
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
4,692.3
273.8
159.7
700.1
902.7
677.6
436.3
285.0
195.6
4,761.0
279.0
162.7
722.3
917.2
695.8
447.4
292.4
197.0
4,816.2
282.1
166.8
730.5
926.8
703.1
450.0
295.2
200.2
19.2
.6
.9
.4
.9
.9
.4
.3
.7
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,136.1
21.8
34.2
410.6
296.5
1,139.9
21.2
34.0
406.7
299.3
1,147.7
20.9
34.4
407.3
300.5
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
1,146.6
110.0
577.3
99.7
1,179.9
113.1
593.8
101.4
1,192.5
114.0
600.1
102.5
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
5,048.6
279.4
51.5
49.7
113.9
300.6
79.5
185.2
2,173.1
778.1
872.4
5,095.3
282.1
51.6
48.8
115.8
303.2
79.8
188.7
2,187.5
784.8
882.4
5,109.8
284.9
52.0
49.3
116.8
306.2
80.7
189.9
2,186.2
780.6
886.1
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
15.3
.2
.1
.1
15.3
.1
.1
.1
6.1
.5
May
1988
May
1989?
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
15.2
.1
.1
.1
30.7
14.9
2.2
2.6
29.2
14.6
2.3
2.4
29.9
14.9
2.3
2.5
6.2
.6
332.8
19.7
5.5
15.7
1.7
60.1
152.3
120.5
3.1
5.6
7.0
18.4
4.7
14.5
3.5
25.6
348.3
21.4
5.8
17.1
1.8
61.4
154.6
122.1
3.5
5.8
7.1
19.8
4.9
15.2
4.1
26.0
6.0
.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
340.1
20.7
5.7
17.3
1.6
61.3
152.9
119.9
3.3
5.6
7.0
18.7
4.9
15.0
4.2
26.5
4.8
.1
.4
.3
.3
5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3
5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3
165.7
4.4
36.7
25.0
22.3
157.8
4.4
36.2
23.3
20.9
160.9
4.6
37.0
23.8
21.3
3.7
.2
3.9
.2
10.8
1.7
3.3
1.3
8.2
1.2
3.0
1.1
10.1
1.5
3.5
1.3
19.0
.6
.9
.5
1.0
.9
.4
.3
.7
19.2
.6
.9
.5
1.0
.9
.4
.3
.7
182.8
9.7
6.1
31.1
27.6
28.2
17.6
10.4
7.7
184.7
9.6
6.2
33.0
26.5
29.4
18.5
11.3
7.6
196.7
10.4
6.9
34.5
28.3
31.2
19.8
12.1
8.5
44.5
1.2
.3
12.0
14.0
44.1
1.1
.3
10.4
14.5
43.8
1.0
.3
10.1
14.5
35.2
.8
1.2
12.7
9.9
34.1
.7
1.1
10.8
8.6
34.2
.7
1.1
10.9
8.5
1.3
.2
.4
.1
1.4
.2
.4
.1
1.5
.2
.5
.1
39.2
3.3
20.6
3.5
41.7
3.7
22.2
3.7
43.5
3.9
23.1
3.8
28.0
.6
231.1
13.9
2.3
2.1
3.4
13.3
2.8
11.3
105.4
17.4
40.0
231.4
14.0
2.1
1.4
3.1
12.9
2.6
11.7
105.1
17.6
37.1
237.3
14.2
2.3
1.4
3.5
13.3
2.8
11.9
107.4
17.5
38.6
1
1
()
1
()
.3
()
.2
1
0
(1)
(1)
(*)
.2
1.0
.5
(1)
(1)
(*)
(1)
(1)
(*)
4.3
.2
1
0)
(1)
()
(1)
29.2
.6
(*)
(*)
27.8
.6
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.1
(*)
.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.0
(*)
4.6
.7
(*)
1
()
(1)
.2
1.0
.5
.7
.8
(*)
.2
(1)
()
.2
1.1
.6
.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.0
(*)
4.5
4.4
See footnotes at end of table.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
39.2
20.3
3.7
1.6
40.4
20.6
3.6
1.6
40.7
20.5
3.6
1.6
29.2
12.7
1.5
1.2
28.7
12.7
1.4
1.0
28.6
12.7
1.4
1.1
129.3
59.9
8.8
10.6
132.2
60.9
9.1
10.9
134.1
61.7
9.2
11.1
1,207.7
47.1
38.4
77.0
8.5
170.6
449.4
367.2
24.0
15.5
30.3
134.5
15.4
53.2
24.6
65.1
1,190.7
47.3
37.0
77.2
9.1
164.8
436.2
357.2
23.8
15.1
30.0
137.9
15.4
53.7
25.3
61.7
1,192.0
47.6
36.5
77.3
9.2
164.2
436.9
357.7
23.7
15.3
30.0
137.9
15.4
54.1
25.0
62.0
409.9
16.3
4.3
21.7
1.4
49.1
242.6
217.2
3.9
5.9
3.4
14.4
4.5
18.5
4.3
20.2
409.5
16.5
4.3
21.1
1.4
49.2
240.3
214.5
3.8
6.1
3.8
14.7
4.4
18.5
4.2
20.7
412.1
16.7
4.3
21.3
1.4
49.4
240.9
215.0
4.0
6.2
3.8
14.8
4.4
18.6
4.3
20.8
1,710.9
87.9
26.0
111.0
10.5
304.9
755.1
631.0
19.1
27.9
22.2
101.8
23.4
71.7
27.0
96.2
1,715.1
91.4
26.7
110.2
10.6
306.6
755.6
631.8
19.1
28.7
22.3
102.3
23.7
73.2
27.1
95.6
1,730.8
92.1
26.9
113.7
10.8
309.4
758.8
634.1
19.4
29.1
22.4
103.5
24.0
73.7
27.2
96.3
863.7
18.7
155.7
154.5
58.4
867.0
18.8
155.2
151.6
61.7
866.1
19.1
155.2
150.4
61.5
146.5
3.8
48.5
27.3
17.6
148.5
3.8
46.9
26.8
17.2
149.1
3.9
47.1
26.7
17.2
676.5
19.6
144.9
109.8
84.2
686.7
19.7
148.9
110.1
84.5
691.9
20.0
150.1
110.8
84.3
16.1
2.1
4.9
1.8
16.0
2.1
4.9
1.7
16.1
2.2
5.1
1.7
16.7
2.7
4.5
1.6
17.1
2.7
4.7
1.6
17.1
2.7
4.8
1.6
69.0
9.9
21.4
8.5
68.6
10.3
21.8
8.8
69.3
10.3
22.1
8.8
1,100.5
65.8
44.6
143.7
200.6
101.8
104.6
62.1
50.7
1,107.1
66.1
45.5
145.8
204.9
102.9
104.8
61.3
50.1
1,107.9
66.0
45.8
146.4
204.9
102.9
104.7
61.4
50.1
211.5
12.8
5.7
37.6
41.2
29.4
16.7
13.1
7.5
212.8
13.0
5.9
40.0
41.2
30.5
17.2
13.0
7.8
214.5
13.1
6.0
40.4
41.4
30.6
17.4
13.1
7.8
1,126.7
67.1
39.5
178.0
219.5
172.1
99.1
70.2
49.7
1,149.5
69.8
40.7
185.6
222.6
177.8
100.8
72.4
51.0
1,165.5
70.7
41.3
187.6
225.5
179.8
102.2
73.4
51.9
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
162.2
1.6
3.4
48.6
49.4
163.2
1.5
3.7
49.3
49.3
163.9
1.5
3.7
49.4
49.3
62.0
2.2
1.3
19.3
23.3
62.0
2.0
1.3
19.7
24.0
62.6
2.0
1.3
20.0
24.2
273.9
6.4
8.5
101.4
71.2
275.2
6.1
8.3
100.8
70.2
280.2
6.1
8.5
101.6
71.0
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
211.4
20.9
98.3
13.5
209.6
20.6
98.9
13.5
210.9
20.6
99.4
13.7
59.8
4.2
35.3
2.9
62.8
4.4
36.3
3.0
62.7
4.4
36.4
3.0
285.7
27.2
150.0
22.5
299.0
27.9
155.6
22.9
303.4
28.2
157.8
23.1
1,054.4
77.5
11.2
9.6
35.0
51.3
13.5
60.0
368.5
93.8
124.7
1,054.0
77.5
10.8
9.3
35.5
51.2
13.7
59.4
364.1
92.1
126.2
1,053.7
77.0
10.9
9.3
35.7
51.4
13.8
59.3
363.6
91.5
126.6
254.1
14.4
4.5
5.0
3.7
18.8
5.2
7.4
101.0
44.1
48.6
253.8
14.0
4.6
4.8
3.5
18.6
5.3
7.5
101.6
42.8
47.7
254.0
14.0
4.6
4.9
3.5
18.8
5.3
7.6
99.7
40.8
48.1
1,153.1
61.0
13.2
11.4
25.1
67.7
16.9
44.0
502.0
151.6
220.5
1,151.3
61.2
13.5
11.4
26.1
67.9
17.3
45.2
508.4
156.0
223.5
1,158.4
62.2
13.6
11.4
26.5
68.4
17.6
45.6
507.1
156.3
226.5
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .,
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
106
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989p
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989"
27.0
14.9
1.7
2.0
27.5
15.2
1.7
1.9
27.5
15.3
1.8
1.9
127.3
65.9
6.3
14.4
131.2
67.1
6.7
14.6
132.0
67.1
6.7
15.0
141.5
46.5
16.7
22.1
146.2
48.4
17.2
22.7
145.3
48.0
17.2
22.5
793.4
23.9
4.3
28.0
1.4
77.6
575.7
541.3
2.0
4.6
4.8
22.5
5.2
20.1
7.1
28.5
794.9 H
24.8
4.4
28.8
1.4
79.3
568.5
533.3
2.0
4.6
5.2
22.8
5.3
20.2
7.4
29.2
795.1
25.1
4.4
28.9
1.4
79.1
568.2
532.8
2.1
4.7
5.2
22.9
5.4
20.3
7.5
29.3
2,257.9
103.5
23.1
115.6
9.8
295.5
1,268.7
1,120.2
17.4
22.4
28.0
117.1
25.2
72.7
27.0
118.3
2,317.9
105.9
23.7
117.5
10.1
301.0
1,295.8
1,145.2
17.5
22.4
28.8
121.5
25.9
75.4
28.5
119.7
2,326.6
106.3
23.8
118.4
10.2
304.6
1,295.2
1,143.8
18.2
22.7
28.5
122.0
26.0
74.1
28.6
120.3
1,451.9
113.5
21.6
75.4
6.6
186.1
683.5
600.3
12.8
23.2
24.8
67.5
21.7
52.3
30.4
57.4
1,466.3
114.2
21.6
75.0
7.0
188.1
689.0
606.7
12.8
23.7
24.7
68.4
21.2
52.8
30.7
57.2
1,468.4
114.1
21.8
75.3
7.1
187.5
688.6
606.0
13.3
23.6
24.6
69.1
21.3
52.5
30.9
57.4
129.3
2.7
37.4
24.0
23.2
131.3
2.6
37.4
24.6
23.3
131.6
2.6
37.5
24.8
23.2
520.2
19.3
106.6
89.5
97.8
543.9
20.2
112.5
90.8
102.1
546.3
20.5
113.1
91.2
102.4
459.1
12.1
63.5
52.6
87.8
472.4
12.2
66.9
56.3
92.4
468.7
12.4
66.3
55.7
89.8
12.4
1.6
4.4
1.1
12.1
1.5
4.4
1.1
12.1
1.5
4.5
1.1
63.7
10.7
20.2
6.8
65.1
11.7
21.2
6.9
65.1
11.6
21.1
6.9
66.3
8.7
14.5
9.4
66.5
8.9
14.7
9.6
67.1
8.8
14.7
9.7
249.0
10.7
6.4
41.9
56.3
57.9
18.0
12.3
8.3
253.1
10.7
6.3
43.0
58.0
59.0
18.2
12.6
8.3
254.6
10.8
6.3
43.3
58.4
59.3
18.2
12.7
8.3
1,092.8
62.1
37.1
177.9
239.6
162.2
105.3
72.7
45.6
1,125.5
63.4
38.0
183.0
248.2
168.3
111.3
76.3
47.2
1,139.2
64.3
38.4
186.0
249.7
170.8
110.7
77.1
48.0
709.9
45.0
19.5
89.4
117.0
125.1
74.5
44.0
25.3
709.3
45.8
19.2
91.5
114.8
127.0
76.2
45.1
24.4
718.7
46.2
21.1
92.0
117.5
127.6
76.5
45.2
24.9
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
59.0
1.0
1.5
24.2
17.3
57.9
1.0
1.5
23.7
17.5
58.2
1.0
1.5
23.9
17.5
247.9
5.1
6.1
95.6
74.3
249.5
5.3
6.1
93.8
78.2
250.3
5.2
6.1
92.6
78.4
251.4
3.5
11.9
96.8
37.1
253.9
3.5
11.7
98.2
37.0
254.5
3.4
11.9
98.8
37.1
Oregon
73.3
5.1
48.4
5.7
74.8
5.4
49.3
5.8
75.3
5.4
49.9
5.9
257.7
25.1
143.2
20.6
272.3
26.6
148.8
21.2
274.5
26.8
149.9
21.4
218.2
24.0
81.1
30.9
218.3
24.3
82.3
31.2
220.7
24.5
83.1
31.5
292.4
12.7
1.9
1.6
5.3
18.2
4.7
7.1
161.9
71.4
52.1
295.5
12.7
2.0
1.6
5.5
20.0
4.5
7.4
162.6
70.9
53.4
297.4
12.7
2.1
1.6
5.4
20.1
4.5
7.4
162.3
70.5
54.1
1,329.3
68.8
11.1
11.9
27.2
64.3
20.4
39.0
629.4
256.0
275.0
1,372.3
71.5
11.1
12.3
27.7
65.5
20.3
41.0
641.5
264.5
281.5
1,375.1
73.1
11.2
12.6
27.7
67.0
20.4
41.4
641.9
262.8
278.9
705.0
30.5
7.3
8.1
14.0
66.7
12.9
16.0
303.8
143.8
106.9
709.2
30.6
7.5
8.0
14.2
66.8
13.0
16.1
303.2
140.9
108.5
705.9
31.1
7.3
8.1
14.3
66.9
13.2
16.3
303.2
141.2
108.9
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Constructor
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
ft
ft
ft
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
150.2
299.3
51.1
176.3
153.5
302.2
51.8
179.4
154.6
303.4
52.1
180.3
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
457.6
132.1
321.7
458.6
132.2
325.9
461.4
133.1
327.4
1,457.7
193.8
232.3
320.4
1,499.9
196.1
234.4
326.0
1,511.9
198.4
236.4
327.5
267.6
35.3
68.2
263.8
34.8
68.7
268.6
36.0
69.6
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,074.2
196.4
163.4
260.8
432.6
485.0
2,078.8
199.5
167.0
258.6
441.4
484.1
2,086.2
198.8
167.1
260.6
441.9
483.2
6.9
.7
.4
1.7
.1
.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
6,649.5
48.8
78.5
355.6
133.3
58.7
68.1
49.3
125.8
1,345.6
194.6
527.4
72.6
1,427.2
70.5
37.7
66.6
93.4
93.5
44.6
43.2
36.5
500.9
38.2
44.7
60.9
27.8
78.8
50.9
6,754.7
49.4
76.9
355.0
134.0
60.9
70.5
51.8
126.0
1,345.6
195.7
535.9
72.2
1,465.6
72.4
39.4
65.8
94.7
98.9
44.2
42.5
36.6
510.6
37.2
45.4
61.0
27.6
80.3
50.4
6,771.7
49.3
76.8
354.9
134.9
61.8
70.1
51.5
126.4
1,350.1
196.6
537.5
72.5
1,469.7
72.7
39.5
66.0
94.9
98.2
44.1
42.4
36.8
513.9
37.2
45.7
61.0
27.8
80.4
50.6
185.2
2.1
1.3
.7
1.8
2.2
.1
.6
4.0
18.7
.1
3.7
.6
65.3
.1
1.9
3.8
.4
.9
10.2
6.0
.5
2.4
.1
.1
2.0
1.7
.1
2.1
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
657.7
77.8
455.1
678.0
85.7
465.1
683.3
84.4
469.5
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
250.9
33.3
77.9
253.4
34.8
77.5
254.1
34.8
77.3
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
108
.5
.5
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
20.6
6.1
15.5
21.5
6.5
16.2
21.9
6.6
16.4
1.9
92.3
13.4
14.1
22.8
92.9
13.1
14.2
22.5
94.4
13.5
14.4
23.2
2.6
.2
9.8
2.0
2.8
8.1
1.6
2.6
9.6
1.9
2.8
6.7
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7
6.7
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7
96.0
8.5
7.1
12.4
18.3
27.7
90.3
8.3
7.1
11.7
18.5
26.5
92.6
8.3
7.2
11.7
18.8
27.5
176.7
1.9
1.3
.7
1.9
1.9
.1
.6
4.4
17.4
.1
4.1
.5
66.3
.1
1.9
3.5
.4
.9
9.6
5.6
.5
2.0
.1
.1
1.9
1.3
.1
1.8
175.8
1.9
1.4
.7
1.9
1.9
.1
.6
4.3
17.4
.1
4.0
.5
66.5
.1
1.9
3.5
.4
.9
9.6
5.6
.5
2.0
.1
.1
1.9
1.3
.1
1.8
330.7
1.9
3.8
14.3
8.4
6.4
2.0
1.8
8.3
57.0
9.0
22.9
4.4
86.7
3.4
1.2
3.5
3.2
4.0
1.3
2.0
1.6
25.2
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.6
3.5
2.1
310.8
1.9
3.7
13.0
8.8
7.6
2.2
2.0
8.4
50.0
8.7
22.6
4.9
88.1
3.7
1.2
2.9
2.9
4.2
1.4
1.8
1.3
22.6
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.5
3.5
2.1
313.3
2.0
3.8
13.1
8.9
7.9
2.2
1.9
8.9
50.7
8.6
22.5
4.9
88.9
3.7
1.2
2.9
2.9
4.2
1.4
1.7
1.4
22.6
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.4
3.5
2.0
7.7
25.2
2.7
17.7
23.6
2.7
16.8
25.4
3.0
17.8
17.3
2.0
4.3
18.2
1.8
4.3
19.3
1.8
4.5
ft
1.8
1.9
2.7
.3
1
2.6
.2
()
()
7.6
(1)
2.7
(1)
2.5
.7
.2
1
1
()
8.6
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
()
0.6
ft
0)
(11)
()
0)
May
1989?
.5
0.6
.2
.2
.1
(1)
(1)
Apr.
1989
7.2
14.1
2.1
9.5
0.7
ft
May
1988
2.6
.5
.2
1
()
.6
.2
1
()
7.3
14.1
2.2
9.6
7.6
14.8
2.3
9.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
Dublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
47.6
71.9
16.7
60.8
48.4
72.1
16.0
61.9
48.7
71.9
16.2
62.0
6.7
16.3
1.8
7.9
6.8
16.3
2.0
7.9
6.8
16.5
2.0
7.9
33.1
67.8
11.3
42.4
33.9
67.9
11.6
42.6
34.3
68.4
11.6
42.7
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
114.3
51.0
71.6
113.3
49.3
70.8
113.3
49.5
70.6
16.2
3.5
12.6
15.9
3.8
12.4
16.3
3.8
12.7
103.4
33.2
70.1
103.3
32.6
70.4
104.1
33.1
71.0
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
383.5
21.0
29.2
102.5
382.6
21.5
30.1
102.3
383.6
21.6
30.3
102.4
62.0
10.8
10.3
12.0
64.6
11.9
10.4
12.6
65.1
12.2
10.5
12.6
328.7
46.6
51.1
73.8
342.6
45.0
50.3
75.6
347.6
45.8
50.9
76.0
30.9
3.1
8.4
29.9
3.3
8.0
30.3
3.2
8.1
13.6
2.0
5.2
13.7
1.9
5.3
13.8
2.0
5.3
69.5
10.3
18.5
69.1
10.3
18.7
70.3
10.7
19.0
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
508.2
47.2
52.4
53.0
55.3
89.3
510.1
47.9
54.5
52.1
54.8
90.5
510.2
47.6
54.5
52.3
54.5
90.9
108.4
9.1
6.2
10.3
40.4
24.4
109.9
9.3
6.3
10.2
41.5
24.2
109.6
9.1
6.3
10.2
41.6
24.2
489.4
45.6
36.6
65.3
117.0
118.9
489.3
45.6
36.4
65.6
119.0
116.8
491.0
45.5
36.7
66.3
119.7
115.9
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
957.1
4.8
10.0
40.5
25.8
15.4
9.9
3.3
11.4
223.4
40.6
119.5
8.1
153.8
7.9
1.7
16.1
7.1
12.5
2.6
4.1
5.5
48.0
11.5
7.1
10.5
3.1
14.6
8.2
964.0
4.9
9.1
40.9
25.4
15.8
10.1
3.3
11.6
221.5
39.8
120.9
8.5
157.3
8.5
1.8
15.5
7.5
14.0
2.5
4.0
5.5
47.6
11.0
7.4
10.7
3.0
15.0
8.0
967.6
5.0
9.0
41.1
25.6
16.0
10.1
3.5
11.5
221.5
40.0
121.1
8.5
157.4
8.6
1.9
15.6
7.7
13.9
2.4
4.0
5.5
48.2
11.1
7.4
10.7
3.1
15.3
8.2
388.2
2.4
5.6
10.6
9.4
2.7
3.1
1.6
6.5
90.8
10.7
30.1
4.8
99.8
2.7
4.8
3.0
4.7
2.9
2.3
2.1
3.2
19.0
2.0
1.8
2.6
1.4
3.3
2.6
397.5
2.3
5.5
10.4
9.7
2.6
3.0
1.5
6.4
93.7
10.7
31.2
4.7
100.1
2.7
5.2
3.1
4.9
3.1
2.3
2.1
2.9
18.9
1.9
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.4
2.5
398.3
2.3
5.5
10.4
9.6
2.7
3.0
1.5
6.4
94.3
10.7
31.7
4.7
100.4
2.7
5.2
3.1
4.8
3.2
2.3
2.1
2.9
19.1
1.9
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.4
2.5
1,651.1
13.4
22.3
77.1
32.5
10.9
17.8
10.8
31.3
344.3
46.0
136.9
14.4
353.9
16.4
11.0
16.9
28.1
29.1
9.8
12.5
9.0
125.8
7.9
10.5
16.1
7.5
18.6
11.9
1,655.2
13.6
22.5
75.7
32.4
11.1
18.4
10.8
31.2
346.3
47.3
137.7
14.3
362.7
16.4
11.7
17.1
27.8
30.9
9.8
12.6
9.2
128.2
7.9
10.6
16.0
7.6
18.8
12.1
1,660.1
13.5
22.3
75.8
32.9
11.2
18.4
10.7
31.2
347.1
47.8
138.4
14.4
365.0
16.4
11.8
17.2
27.9
30.1
9.9
12.6
9.3
129.1
7.8
10.7
16.1
7.8
18.9
12.1
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
98.2
13.3
63.8
100.7
14.3
65.9
102.0
14.4
66.0
38.9
2.9
29.7
39.3
2.7
30.5
39.7
2.8
30.6
153.6
16.2
111.1
160.2
17.5
115.1
162.2
18.0
116.4
Vermont
Barre-Montpetier
Burlington
49.7
4.7
16.9
49.1
5.0
16.2
48.9
5.0
16.1
10.3
.9
3.2
10.4
.9
3.4
10.5
.9
3.4
58.8
7.2
18.7
59.9
7.5
18.5
59.9
7.6
18.6
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
109
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
8.1
13.1
2.4
4.9
8.5
13.7
2.4
5.0
8.6
13.7
2.5
5.0
30.2
73.4
10.0
31.8
31.1
74.6
10.5
33.2
31.2
75.1
10.4
33.4
17.3
42.0
6.8
18.5
17.5
42.9
7.1
18.7
17.4
42.4
7.1
18.9
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
26.4
3.8
22.0
26.5
4.0
23.0
26.6
3.9
23.1
117.1
24.0
86.1
117.4
25.5
88.0
118.5
25.7
88.5
59.4
10.3
43.7
60.5
10.3
45.0
60.5
10.3
45.0
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
65.1
8.8
17.9
11.9
67.4
8.8
18.2
11.9
67.8
8.9
18.3
11.9
259.2
40.1
45.2
56.4
272.7
42.4
45.6
57.6
275.9
42.7
46.1
58.0
265.1
53.0
64.2
40.7
275.2
53.3
65.2
43.2
275.6
53.6
65.5
43.1
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
14.4
1.6
6.4
14.9
1.5
6.7
15.0
1.5
6.7
65.5
8.9
19.5
65.1
8.6
19.7
65.7
8.9
19.9
61.2
7.2
7.5
60.6
7.4
7.7
61.4
7.5
7.7
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
103.7
12.4
5.3
9.9
24.7
34.5
105.4
12.8
5.5
10.1
25.5
34.4
106.1
12.8
5.5
10.1
25.6
34.4
432.1
38.0
30.5
57.0
106.0
121.6
438.7
39.6
32.4
58.1
108.7
120.8
442.3
39.7
32.5
59.1
109.0
119.5
329.7
34.8
24.9
51.3
70.8
67.8
328.4
35.3
24.3
49.1
73.3
70.2
327.7
35.1
23.9
49.2
72.7
70.1
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
439.4
2.4
4.4
24.5
5.3
2.0
3.7
1.6
7.0
130.2
8.8
26.8
4.4
100.7
2.8
1.7
2.7
5.4
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
39.1
1.7
1.8
3.4
1.6
5.0
2.3
439.4
2.5
4.1
23.9
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.7
6.9
126.0
8.5
26.9
4.2
99.7
3.0
1.4
2.7
5.6
3.7
2.2
1.7
1.8
39.8
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.8
2.3
440.3
2.5
4.1
23.9
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.7
6.9
126.6
8.4
27.0
4.2
99.9
3.0
1.4
2.7
5.6
3.7
2.2
1.7
1.8
39.7
1.7
1.9
3.3
1.6
4.8
2.3
1,514.0
13.1
16.7
84.5
29.7
8.1
14.8
8.9
29.3
329.6
38.8
118.4
14.0
379.1
15.8
6.2
12.0
22.8
15.4
9.6
7.0
8.0
125.1
8.8
9.4
14.7
6.0
21.0
11.9
1,582.7
13.3
17.0
86.2
30.1
8.5
16.2
9.6
29.2
337.2
39.3
122.6
14.1
394.0
16.5
6.4
12.4
23.6
16.3
9.8
7.2
8.1
129.5
8.5
9.6
14.9
6.2
21.7
11.8
1,587.7
13.0
17.1
86.5
30.3
8.6
15.8
9.3
29.1
338.8
39.4
122.9
14.3
395.6
16.6
6.3
12.4
23.7
16.3
9.7
7.2
8.1
130.5
8.5
9.6
14.9
6.1
21.5
11.9
1,183.8
8.7
14.4
103.4
20.4
11.0
16.8
20.7
28.0
151.6
40.6
69.1
21.9
187.9
21.4
9.2
8.6
21.7
25.0
6.5
7.8
6.9
116.3
4.5
12.3
9.5
4.9
12.7
9.8
1,228.4
9.0
13.7
104.2
20.6
11.5
17.0
22.3
27.9
153.5
41.4
69.9
21.0
197.4
21.5
9.8
8.6
22.0
25.8
6.6
7.5
7.3
122.0
4.4
12.3
9.6
5.0
13.0
9.8
1,228.6
9.1
13.6
103.4
20.6
11.6
17.0
22.3
28.1
153.7
41.6
69.9
21.0
196.0
21.6
9.8
8.6
21.9
25.9
6.6
7.5
7.3
122.7
4.4
12.5
9.6
5.1
12.9
9.8
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
33.3
2.3
27.2
33.2
2.2
26.8
33.3
2.3
26.9
152.8
26.2
106.7
164.4
32.3
110.6
162.4
29.5
111.5
147.1
14.2
96.2
149.0
14.0
96.9
150.6
14.4
97.7
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.4
3.0
3.6
13.0
3.1
3.6
13.1
3.1
3.6
59.5
7.1
18.9
59.9
7.9
18.8
59.4
7.9
18.6
42.2
8.2
12.3
42.4
8.4
12.6
42.4
8.3
12.4
See footnotes at end of table.
110
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
(Donstructior l
Mining
State and area
Apr.
1989
Apr.
1989
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
2,773.5
32.3
66.7
41.3
71.9
567.6
740.2
450.3
122.4
2,862.3
33.2
67.9
42.5
73.1
566.1
776.3
464.7
123.6
2,885.0
33.2
68.4
42.7
73.7
573.8
784.2
466.2
124.4
15.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.9
.1
14.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.5
1.1
.1
14.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.1
.1
195.1
.9
3.9
2.2
3.7
38.4
60.1
30.3
7.8
203.9
.9
3.8
2.4
3.4
37.9
66.0
31.8
8.0
209.1
.9
3.8
2.6
3.5
39.4
67.0
32.4
8.2
Washington
Seattle
1,934.1
977.4
2,011.3
1,028.5
2,033.3
1,039.0
3.3
.6
3.4
.6
3.5
.6
94.7
50.2
99.4
51.0
103.8
52.6
621.3
108.5
105.4
60.3
60.9
610.6
108.0
105.5
60.5
59.0
618.0
108.7
106.3
60.9
60.1
34.0
2.0
1.4
.6
2.4
33.6
2.0
1.4
.6
2.6
33.7
1.9
1.5
.6
2.6
26.1
4.3
3.6
3.0
2.0
25.4
4.0
3.2
2.5
1.8
28.1
4.3
3.4
2.8
2.0
2,147.9
150.0
57.1
95.9
56.9
42.4
54.7
204.9
714.7
72.6
48.0
2,178.5
153.0
58.1
98.2
57.4
39.0
57.0
208.8
730.2
74.2
49.5
2,206.9
154.0
58.9
99.0
57.2
43.2
57.9
210.5
735.6
75.1
50.7
2.8
72.1
6.9
1.6
3.2
1.3
1.3
1.8
7.0
22.2
1.8
1.8
70.2
7.0
1.6
3.2
1.3
1.5
2.1
5.6
22.4
1.9
2.0
76.9
7.4
1.6
3.4
1.4
1.8
2.3
6.2
23.2
2.0
2.1
185.8
189.8
17.9
10.5
9.4
10.2
.8
40.4
(1)
(1)
3.8
29.6
42.2
4.0
29.9
42.8
(1)
(1)
3.8
30.9
2.1
2.1
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
185.6
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
807.0
52.1
57.7
52.5
497.8
821.8
52.1
59.1
53.7
507.4
824.8
52.4
59.2
53.4
508.3
41.4
41.7
41.5
Virgin Islands
May
1988
2.4
01
(1)
(1)
()
O
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
O
2.5
0)
(1)
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
(1)
()
17.8
.8
(1)
(1)
.8
(1)
(1)
.1
.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
(11)
()
0)
(11)
()
01
(1)
()
(1)
18.5
(1)
(1)
.1
.4
(1)
May
1988
May
1989?
(1)
.1
.4
2.4
(1)
May
1989P
See footnotes at end of table.
Ill
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
425.7
11.1
8.7
16.4
22.8
68.5
35.5
62.3
19.7
425.2
11.0
8.6
16.6
22.6
67.1
34.1
62.1
19.5
424.9
10.9
8.6
16.7
22.7
67.3
34.0
61.7
19.6
143.9
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.7
26.3
51.5
23.8
8.5
146.0
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
26.0
56.6
23.5
8.3
146.5
1.1
2.3
.9
2.4
26.2
57.2
23.5
8.3
628.4
8.1
13.1
9.0
16.1
140.3
163.4
108.5
33.3
648.3
8.7
13.7
9.6
16.9
139.4
166.4
111.0
33.7
655.4
8.7
13.9
9.7
17.1
141.6
167.7
112.3
34.0
Washington
Seattle
337.4
195.0
352.3
211.0
357.3
213.4
100.6
60.6
104.1
64.0
104.7
64.4
470.3
235.1
490.3
245.5
496.8
249.1
86.7
10.7
19.4
13.8
7.2
86.5
11.2
20.1
14.0
7.3
86.9
11.2
20.3
14.0
7.4
36.8
8.5
7.9
2.1
3.3
37.1
8.9
7.8
2.2
3.4
37.4
9.1
7.9
2.2
3.4
142.6
28.3
27.0
14.2
16.6
143.6
28.3
27.1
14.4
16.1
145.4
28.7
27.3
14.4
16.3
542.9
51.8
11.3
24.2
18.2
14.2
11.2
23.8
172.2
25.6
13.4
549.8
52.7
11.6
25.4
17.6
9.7
10.8
24.9
176.3
26.3
13.7
553.5
52.5
11.8
25.4
17.3
13.3
10.7
24.9
176.5
26.3
14.1
97.9
5.4
3.0
7.4
2.2
1.6
2.3
7.1
35.1
2.3
2.8
99.5
5.7
3.1
7.4
2.2
1.4
2.3
7.2
35.4
2.2
2.8
100.5
5.8
3.3
7.6
2.1
1.5
2.3
7.3
35.7
2.3
2.9
505.0
31.9
15.7
24.5
14.0
9.4
15.3
45.7
162.2
16.3
11.9
507.7
32.2
15.4
24.5
14.1
9.9
16.3
46.8
165.3
16.2
12.3
517.7
32.8
15.5
24.7
14.4
10.1
16.7
47.2
167.4
16.7
12.7
8.7
8.9
9.1
13.3
13.7
13.7
40.9
41.4
42.1
155.0
16.4
20.8
9.8
64.8
160.2
16.5
21.4
10.2
67.4
159.5
16.5
21.3
10.1
67.0
18.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
14.6
17.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
14.1
17.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
13.9
146.0
10.9
7.9
8.6
100.8
145.5
10.8
7.5
8.9
100.4
150.0
11.3
7.9
9.2
102.5
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.6
9.6
9.5
9.4
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
112
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
May
1968
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
149.7
Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
virgin isianas
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.
May
1989P
154.5
48.3
38.4
8.3
153.9
1.3
3.3
1.3
4.2
26.6
50.7
40.2
8.6
8.6
109.4
69.8
113.0
71.8
24.2
6.2
3.7
2.3
2.7
114.9
7.2
1.8
3.2
1.6
1.1
1.5
18.1
50.0
2.3
3.5
1.2
3.3
1.3
3.9
26.9
1.3
3.3
1.3
4.3
26.7
May
1988
Apr.
1989
667.2
4.6
706.3
4.8
12.9
6.1
13.2
6.2
14.0
13.3
136.6
May
1989?
714.0
4.8
13.3
6.1
238.9
95.1
28.9
138.3
256.3
98.2
30.1
14.2
141.4
258.7
98.1
30.2
113.9
72.2
446.2
229.9
466.8
244.0
24.1
6.3
3.8
2.4
2.8
24.2
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.7
130.7
25.4
22.2
13.6
15.7
117.7
7.3
1.8
3.4
1.7
1.2
1.6
18.5
51.9
2.3
3.6
118.5
7.4
1.9
3.5
1.6
1.2
1.6
18.5
51.9
2.3
3.7
479.4
29.3
12.6
22.1
12.4
8.5
14.9
45.6
188.8
16.2
8.4
51.1
40.7
May
1988
547.6
5.2
22.4
5.2
9.3
Apr.
1989
564.7
5.3
22.9
5.4
May
1989?
566.4
5.4
23.1
5.3
91.0
15.8
9.4
130.6
145.7
96.8
15.3
469.5
245.1
372.2
136.2
382.0
140.6
383.8
141.6
133.4
26.5
23.0
14.3
15.8
135.2
26.4
23.2
14.4
16.1
140.2
23.1
20.2
10.7
11.0
126.9
20.8
19.1
10.1
9.2
127.1
489.7
30.1
13.2
22.9
13.0
8.8
15.9
46.9
195.1
16.9
8.7
494.0
30.1
13.3
22.9
12.8
8.8
16.0
47.1
196.1
17.0
8.8
333.3
17.3
11.1
11.3
7.1
6.3
7.7
57.4
83.9
8.1
6.2
341.4
17.7
11.4
11.4
7.4
6.5
8.0
58.7
83.5
8.4
6.4
343.0
17.7
130.5
142.0
9.4
131.0
147.9
96.4
15.4
20.9
18.9
10.1
9.6
11.5
11.4
7.5
6.5
8.3
59.1
84.5
8.5
6.4
7.2
7.3
7.2
32.5
32.1
33.2
54.0
55.2
56.4
36.2
35.9
36.0
120.4
124.1
123.8
(1)
10.0
90.3
290.0
15.9
19.1
17.0
295.8
16.1
19.2
17.2
172.4
176.3
295.0
16.1
19.2
16.6
175.5
9.8
13.0
13.3
13.3
O
1
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Apr.
O
()
0)
28.8
28.6
28.6
9.9
86.4
1.9
2.0
2.0
9.6
10.2
0)
9.7
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988 benchmarks.
113
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Mining
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
Hourly
earnings
Construction
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1989:
January
February ...
March
April
Mayp
Junep
34.9
35.1
35.0
34.8
34.9
34.7
34.9
$9.23
9.24
9.24
9.40
9.45
9.46
9.46
$322.13
324.32
323.40
327.12
329.81
328.26
330.15
42.5
42.4
42.0
42.2
42.6
41.9.
42.8
$12.61
12.72
12.69
12.82
12.79
12.89
13.03
$535.93
539.33
532.98
541.00
544.85
540.09
557.68
38.7
38.6
38.6
38.4
39.1
37.8
37.3
$12.89
12.96
12.99
13.16
13.17
13.08
13.19
$498.84
500.26
501.41
505.34
514.95
494.42
491.99
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.8
34.5
34.7
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.62
9.59
9.58
329.13
327.57
328.86
334.78
330.86
332.43
42.2
41.7
42.0
42.8
42.1
42.3
13.20
13.22
13.15
13.19
13.14
13.10
557.04
551.27
552.30
564.53
553.19
554.13
36.5
36.2
37.4
37.9
37.7
37.9
13.26
13.21
13.26
13.30
13.29
13.27
483.99
478.20
495.92
504.07
501.03
502.93
See footnotes at end of table.
115
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40
Hourly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40 1
40.2
$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3 05
3 23
$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122 31
129 85
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4 39
4.73
5.03
5 39
5.88
6.39
137.26
144 18
151.69
160.34
170 33
183.05
194.66
209 13
228.14
247.93
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
6 96
7.56
8.09
8 55
8.89
9.16
9 35
9.60
9.94
267 96
291.06
309.85
329 18
342.27
351.74
358 11
365 76
378.71
Annual averages
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
.
.
..
..
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
Februarv
March
April
Mayp
Junep
41.2
40.7
40.9
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.7
$10.16
10.17
10.13
10.25
10.25
10.31
10.37
$9.70
9.73
9.67
9.75
9.76
9.82
9.88
$418.59
413.92
414.32
423.33
423.33
427.87
432.43
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.3
39.5
$12.27
12.32
12.35
12.40
12.42
12.46
12.42
$484.67
490.34
490.30
489.80
490.59
489.68
490.59
38.1
38.3
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.0
38.2
$9.88
9.95
9.91
10.04
10.10
10.07
10.14
$376 43
381.09
376.58
382.52
385 82
382.66
387.35
41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.0
10.37
10.38
10.41
10.41
10.42
10.44
9.91
9.92
9.94
9.95
9.98
9.98
425.17
423.50
426.81
426.81
426.18
428.04
39.3
39.1
39.2
39.8
39.4
39.8
12.47
12.50
12.46
12.51
12.50
12.48
490.07
488.75
488.43
497.90
492.50
496.70
37.9
37.8
37.9
38.2
37.9
38.1
10.23
10.23
10.21
10.36
10 27
10.28
387.72
386.69
386 96
395.75
389 23
391.67
See footnotes at end of table.
116
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
Hourly
earnings
Services
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47
Annual averages
rMonthly data, not seasonally
1988:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
Mayp
Junep
29.4
30.0
29.8
29.1
29.1
28.8
29.6
$6.27
6.28
6.26
6.38
6.39
6.43
6.43
$184.34
188.40
186.55
185.66
185.95
185.18
190.33
35.8
36.1
35.7
35.8
36.0
35.7
35.8
$8.97
9.03
9.03
9.14
9.29
9.27
9.32
$321.13
325.98
322.37
327.21
334.44
330.94
333.66
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.5
32.6
$8.79
8.80
8.81
9.00
9.09
9.11
9.16
$287.43
290.40
288.97
292.50
297.24
296.08
298.62
28.4
28.3
28.5
28.9
28.8
29.2
6.48
6.47
6.48
6.52
6.49
6.49
184.03
183.10
184.68
188.43
186.91
189.51
36.1
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6
35.8
9.46
9.47
9.43
9.59
9.47
9.44
341.51
339.03
337.59
348.12
337.13
337.95
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.4
32.6
9.25
9.28
9.29
9.34
9.31
9.25
301.55
300.67
301.00
306.35
301.64
301.55
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
adjusted
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.
117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private .
Mining
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
34.6
34.9
34.8
34.5
34.7
42.2
42.5
42.8
42.1
42.3
Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .
10
101
102
42.1
40.2
43.7
42.3
41.5
43.1
42.6
43.8
44.2
42.2
42.9
44.3
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
41.5
41.5
42.0
42.1
43.2
43.3
42.7
42.7
13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
41.2
40.2
41.7
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.7
42.7
41.0
40.6
41.0
40.4
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
46.5
47.7
46.9
48.4
45.9
47.5
45.8
47.3
14
142
Average overtime hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.9
38.3
38.7
37.9
37.7
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction ...
15
152
153
154
37.6
36.7
39.1
38.5
38.0
37.1
38.5
39.0
37.5
36.5
38.3
38.5
37.1
36.2
38.0
38.2
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .
16
161
162
42.6
44.0
41.8
43.3
45.3
42.2
41.4
41.2
41.5
41.2
41.7
40.9
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ..
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
37.3
38.5
36.1
38.7
35.4
35.8
34.2
37.8
39.0
36.8
38.8
35.6
35.6
35.6
37.1
38.5
36.0
38.6
35.2
34.7
34.2
37.0
38.7
35.6
38.8
34.8
34.7
32.7
41.0
41.2
41.0
40.9
41.0
41.7
42.0
41.7
41.5
41.6
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.8
Construction .
Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
37.9
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
40.5
40.6
41.5
41.9
39.7
40.0
40.5
39.0
41.0
40.8
39.4
39.9
39.4
40.3
40.9
41.1
41.7
42.1
40.1
40.6
40.9
39.8
41.0
41.6
39.4
40.6
40.1
40.5
40.5
41.8
41.6
42.0
40.0
40.2
39.4
39.5
40.5
44.1
38.8
37.7
37.6
39.9
40.1
40.6
41.7
42.0
40.3
39.6
38.8
39.0
40.3
42.4
38.8
38.0
38.2
39.6
40.5
3.7
4.6
4.4
4.7
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.8
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.9
4.2
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.8
5.1
3.6
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.6
5.2
4.2
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.3
3.2
3.6
6.0
3.5
2.0
1.9
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
4.4
3.1
3.0
2.1
2.9
3.5
4.9
3.5
1.9
1.8
2.7
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
39.1
38.6
39.3
36.8
40.4
39.5
40.0
40.4
40.3
37.9
39.4
39.0
39.3
37.9
40.3
40.6
39.9
41.4
39.7
39.4
39.3
38.9
39.8
37.5
40.7
38.5
39.7
39.6
40.7
38.6
39.0
38.7
39.5
37.1
40.3
38.7
39.0
39.2
40.7
38.2
39.4
2.4
2.2
2.6
1.3
3.1
3.1
2.3
3.9
2.9
2.1
2.6
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.7
3.5
2.4
4.7
2.9
2.8
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.6
3.3
2.1
2.4
3.7
3.2
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.5
1.4
2.4
2.4
2.0
3.5
3.0
2.0
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
32
321
322
42.8
46.5
41.7
42.8
45.4
41.0
42.6
44.8
42.3
42.4
44.6
42.3
5.3
8.2
4.4
5.4
7.5
4.4
5.1
6.6
4.6
5.1
6.0
4.5
See footnotes at end of table.
118
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private
Mining
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
$9.26
$9.23
$9.62
$9.59
$9.58 $320.40 $322.13 $334.78 $330.86 $332.43
12.60
12.61
13.19
13.14
13.10 531.72
535.93
564.53
553.19
554.13
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
13.05
13.41
11.56
13.25
14.55
11.68
13.68
14.18
11.56
13.62
13.80
11.51
549.41
539.08
505.17
560.48
603.83
503.41
582.77
621.08
510.95
574.76
592.02
509.89
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
15.78
15.83
15.86
15.91
16.17
16.23
16.23
16.29
654.87
656.95
666.12
669.81
698.54
702.76
693.02
695.58
13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
11.73
14.42
10.19
11.68
14.35
10.09
12.45
15.11
10.78
12.36
15.07
10.73
483.28
579.68
424.92
483.55
594.09
416.72
519.17
645.20
441.98
501.82
617.87
433.49
10.87
10.33
10.91
10.40
11.15
10.64
11.14
10.69
505.46
492.74
511.68
503.36
511.79
505.40
510.21
505.64
12.91
12.89
13.30
13.29
13.27 494.45
498.84
504.07
501.03
15
152
153
154
12.13
11.48
11.06
12.91
12.03
11.34
11.05
12.86
12.54
11.95
11.85
13.22
12.53
11.93
11.85
13.22
456.09
421.32
432.45
497.04
457.14
420.71
425.43
501.54
470.25
436.18
453.86
508.97
464.86
431.87
450.30
505.00
16
161
162
12.34
12.09
12.47
12.39
12.32
12.43
12.87
12.36
13.08
12.94
12.52
13.14
525.68
531.96
521.25
536.49
558.10
524.55
532.82
509.23
542.82
533.13
522.08
537.43
17
171
172
13.43
13.75
12.76
14.73
13.73
12.82
11.88
13.43
13.72
12.64
14.76
13.69
12.82
11.83
13.73
14.21
12.84
14.70
13.90
13.14
12.06
13.71
14.22
12.91
14.69
13.93
13.16
11.97
500.94
529.38
460.64
570.05
486.04
458.96
406.30
507.65
535.08
465.15
572.69
487.36
456.39
421.15
509.38
547.09
462.24
567.42
489.28
455.96
412.45
507.27
550.31
459.60
569.97
484.76
456.65
391.42
10.14
10.16
10.41
10.42
10.44 415.7^ 418.59
426.81
426.18
428.04
10.68
10.70
10.93
10.94
10.97 445.36
449.40
455.78
454.01
456.35
8.54
10.59
8.71
9.04
7.00
8.58
8.84
7.95
7.02
10.12
6.39
8.08
8.22
7.37
8.60
8.78
11.13
8.93
9.25
7.33
8.71
8.91
8.14
7.28
10.13
6.51
8.27
8.31
7.62
345.87
429.95
361.47
378.78
277.90
343.20
358.02
310.05
287.82
412.90
251.77
322.39
323.87
297.01
351.74
443.06
364.04
381.85
281.90
349.57
359.51
319.99
286.59
424.32
249.80
328.05
329.62
300.11
354.78
459.38
373.57
391.44
292.00
350.95
349.87
322.32
294.84
451.58
252.59
310.27
312.83
302.84
352.08
451.88
372.38
388.50
295.40
344.92
345.71
317.46
293.38
429.51
252.59
314.26
317.44
301.75
359.24
7.41
8.76
10.99
8.98
9.32
7.30
8.73
8.88
8.16
7.28
10.24
6.51
8.23
8.32
7.59
8.87
10.78
" 8.73
9.07
7.03
8.61
8.79
8.04
6.99
10.20
6.34
8.08
8.22
7.89
7.25
6.81
7.90
7.12
7.74
8.91
8.34
9.43
8.20
7.93
7.30
6.81
7.91
7.37
7.76
8.98
8.48
9.34
8.27
8.12
7.48
7.02
8.23
7.35
7.81
9.10
8.82
9.65
8.41
8.15
7.52
7.07
8.23
7.58
7.88
9.17
8.77
9.58
8.44
8.21
308.50
279.85
267.63
290.72
287.65
305.73
356.40
336.94
380.03
310.78
312.44
284.70
267.63
299.79
297.01
315.06
358.30
351.07
370.80
325.84
319.12
290.97
279.40
308.63
299.15
300.69
361.27
349.27
392.76
324.63
317.85
291.02
279.27
305.33
305.47
304.96
357.63
343.78
389.91
322.41
323.47
10.44
14.92
11.66
10.47
15.02
11.69
10.71
15.17
12.03
10.70
15.10
12.05
10.73 446.83
448.12
681.91
479.29
456.25
679.62
508.87
453.68
673.46
503.69
453.88
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
Crushed and broken stone
502.93
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
173
174
175
176
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
32
321
322
2515
252
253
254
259
693.78
486.22
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
,
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
1972
SIC
Code
See footnotes at end of table.
120
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.7
6.1
4.2
5.7
4.6
4.8
6.2
6.7
7.7
5.7
4.1
4.5
5.3
5.6
5.8
4.3
5.2
5.5
4.2
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.9
4.8
7.4
5.3
4.1
4.1
5.2
5.6
5.8
4.2
5.0
5.2
3.5
4.8
4.7
4.9
5.8
4.9
7.7
5.2
3.7
3.7
41.5
44.2
44.2
41.1
41.0
40.7
40.5
41.2
39.5
41.2
41.4
40.5
42.3
40.3
40.9
42.3
40.9
43.9
42.5
42.7
43.5
40.5
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.4
40.7
40.8
41.7
39.1
41.6
4.0
5.3
5.3
3.4
2.8
3.7
3.2
3.1
2.7
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.9
2.9
3.4
5.3
4.6
6.1
5.4
4.7
6.8
3.9
3.5
3.5
3,6
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.8
3.3
4.2
5.8
6.0
3.6
3.1
3.7
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.8
5.0
3.3
4.4
3.0
3.5
5.4
4.5
6.5
5.6
5.1
7.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.3
2.5
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.8
5.6
5.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.9
2.7
3.6
4.2
2.8
4.1
3.0
4.3
5.0
4.1
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.5
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.1
3.7
5.7
5.4
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.4
2.4
3.5
4.0
2.7
3.8
3.0
4.4
4.6
3.6
5.8
4.5
4.6
5.1
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.9
2.8
2.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
42.3
43.1
42.4
43.3
41.7
42.1
42.5
4.2
4.9
4.7
5.0
3.8
4.6
4.4
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.8
4.8
4.3
3.7
5.1
3.2
4.4
5.0
4.2
4.1
4.8
3.9
3.9
4.5
43.6
43.9
44.2
43.0
43.8
44.2
42.1
43.8
43.3
43.8
43.5
42.8
45.0
43.6
42.1
42.8
43.7
44.5
44.7
43.9
43.5
43.9
42.0
43.1
43.4
43.8
43.8
43.7
45.3
43.4
42.0
42.8
43.2
43.6
44.0
41.6
42.9
43.1
43.1
42.4
43.4
43.5
43.7
43.0
44.8
42.8
42.0
42.4
43.1
43.6
43.9
41.8
42.8
42.9
41.7
42.4
42.9
43.2
43.5
43.4
45.1
42.8
41.5
42.0
41.8
43.9
44.0
41.5
40.9
41.4
40.3
40.6
39.4
40.9
41.8
40.4
42.2
39.5
40.5
43.2
42.3
44.2
43.5
43.4
45.6
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.4
40.7
41.5
42.1
40.6
42.2
44.8
45.1
41.9
41.4
41.8
40.9
40.7
40.5
41.3
42.3
40.6
42.9
39.9
40.3
43.4
42.3
44.7
43.7
43.4
45.9
40.8
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.7
40.4
42.1
43.0
41.5
41.7
43.8
44.1
41.0
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.8
39.5
41.0
41.6
40.1
42.2
40.3
40.7
42.8
41.6
44.2
42.9
43.7
44.2
40.6
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.9
41.7
41.2
42.1
39.5
42.4
44.2
42.7
44.6
42.7
43.7
42.7
44.2
44.0
44.2
42.3
43.4
42.5
43.3
42.9
43.4
42.1
42.8
3511
May
1989P
5.4
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.3
4.3
5.6
4.6
4.7
5.9
5.3
7.7
5.6
3.9
4.2
33
331
3312
3317
332
3519
352
3523
Apr.
1989
43.1
43.6
42.2
41.4
41.6
41.8
41.4
40.4
43.5
43.9
43.4
42.9
42.2
42.7
42.7
35
351
June
1988
5.3
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.1
6.8
6.8
6.2
7.2
4.5
4.0
5.3
42.6
41.9
41.5
42.5
41.9
40.9
43.6
44.4
43.5
42.7
42.4
43.3
43.0
3361
May
1988
5.5
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.9
3.3
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.8
4.7
3.9
6.3
40.8
41.2
41.9
42.5
42.1
40.1
44.7
46.6
43.4
44.7
42.6
43.8
42.5
3351
3353
3357
336
June
1989P
5.3
3.3
3.5
3.3
4.4
2.9
7.4
8.1
6.3
8.0
4.7
3.8
3.9
42.1
41.2
41.8
42.8
42.0
39.8
44.3
45.7
43.5
44.2
42.5
43.5
43.1
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
Average overtime hours
5.5
3.2
3.5
3.5
4.2
3.1
7.1
7.6
6.2
7.5
4.8
3.6
4.7
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Average weekly hours
June
1989"
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
1972
SIC
Code
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
..... 3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$12.08
11.16
9.11
13.13
8.87
9.31
10.18
9.25
$12.18
11.12
9.13
$12.64
11.35
$12.54
11.48
9.31
13.54
9.14
9.05
9.19
11.05
13.03
9.36
13.66
8.89
9.28
10.25
9.50
9.54
10.50
10.50
9.68
9.32
9.14
9.66
9.42
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
$508.57 $496.94 $538.46 $529.19
459.79 458.14 475.57 475.27
388.44
380.80
387.30
382.55
561.96 553.78 580.55 565.97
372.54 374.27 382.97 378.40
370.54 372.13 388.55 385.42
450.97 458.18 457.80 456.75
422.73 434.31 428.90 424.95
393.68 398.85 409.77 411.87
493.94 486.35 484.77
487.08
452.41
449.01
450.28
447.53
436.31 436.25 442.53 437.68
459.02 445.40 480.74 479.95
9.49
11.30
10.22
10.65
10.57
9.96
10.48
11.39
10.67
11.18
10.25
11.24
12.12
13.95
14.70
10.92
10.96
11.46
11.83
10.23
13.18
13.53
11.60
10.77
13.95
11.74
9.57
9.74
12.14
13.95
14.70
11.01
10.98
11.52
11.75
10.22
13.21
13.57
11.66
10.96
14.02
11.82
9.58
9.78
12.26
14.06
14.81
10.83
11.14
11.66
12.15
10.27
13.65
13.96
11.79
11.08
14.00
11.94
9.72
9.92
12.25
14.05
14.80
10.82
11.10
11.64
12.14
10.32
13.57
13.86
11.78
11.06
14.24
11.84
9.71
9.93
$12.27
13.98
528.43
612.41
649.74
469.56
480.05
506.53
498.04
448.07
570.69
592.61
504.60
460.96
627.75
511.86
402.90
416.87
530.52
620.78
657.09
483.34
477.63
505.73
493.50
440.48
573.31
594.37
510.71
478.95
635.11
512.99
402.36
418.58
529.63
613.02
651.64
450.53
477.91
502.55
523.67
435.45
592.41
607.26
515.22
476.44
627.20
511.03
408.24
420.61
527.98
612.58
649.72
452.28
475.08
499.36
506.24
437.57
582.15
598.75
512.43
480.00
642.22
506.75
402.97
417.06
$528.84
609.53
10.25
13.41
14.27
10.15
9.30
10.55
10.29
13.51
14.32
10.20
9.28
10.63
10.48
10.50
10.49
13.73
10.40
9.58
10.78
10.43
428.45
588.70
627.88
421.23
380.37
9.31
9.37
8.93
9.43
9.42
9.06
431.95
340.23
434.24
605.25
645.83
427.38
384.19
444.33
383.23
363.45
369.36
395.65
434.42
326.42
441.44
394.61
359.88
434.00
392.12
482.76
544.50
561.60
651.78
385.97
338.66
337.01
341.14
470.79
442.78
397.00
443.33
347.77
437.02
601.81
646.95
426.40
392.78
438.75
384.74
381.22
366.96
403.44
433.47
333.63
440.57
407.84
377.29
438.70
398.11
485.32
539.68
578.15
629.85
393.01
349.83
346.93
354.77
483.95
474.13
397.58
440.37
342.86
435.75
60C.87
647.97
428.67
391.55
442.00
381.51
373.27
367.35
405.41
431.39
332.91
442.04
410.66
381.60
433.58
393.87
478.51
535.08
566.63
620.31
392.04
350.58
349.35
353.50
480.24
463.17
396.17
438.68
337.82
436.38
13.74
14.67
463.86
602.45
592.25
604.78
424.87
467.15
468.42
605.10
605.00
604.21
424.69
463.95
478.55
604.90
608.32
603.26
434.47
478.50
477.14
601.68
599.11
601.87
437.85
480.36
481.95
11.02
10.53
10.03
8.87
9.04
9.54
10.19
8.03
10.25
9.85
8.89
10.04
9.31
10.83
12.41
12.88
14.17
9.42
8.19
8.19
8.18
11.27
10.88
9.40
10.26
8.38
10.94
13.63
13.87
13.56
9.95
10.69
9.12
9.58
10.27
8.04
10.29
9.12
9.29
10.64
14.66
9.55
9.89
8.93
10.00
9.27
9.33
10.25
10.25
9.63
10.90
12.59
13.27
14.26
9.27
9.57
10.98
12.58
9.43
9.65
10.46
10.31
8.38
10.97
13.69
13.75
13.67
10.04
10.69
13.23
14.25
9.68
8.45
8.68
9.68
8.53
8.50
8.58
11.60
11.38
9.71
10.52
8.64
11.26
13.97
14.18
13.90
10.32
11.18
11.28
13.96
14.13
13.90
10.50
11.41
8.38
8.59
11.55
11.37
375.19
360.12
9.30
9.84
10.42
8.22
10.45
10.19
9.84
10.42
8.32
10.44
10.12
10.80
12.46
12.94
14.20
9.46
8.20
8.16
8.28
11.29
10.96
436.7?'
10.86
356.18
390.19
425.94
324.41
432.55
389.08
360.05
433.73
393.81
478.69
539.84
558.99
646.15
382.45
334.97
334.15
335.38
466.58
442.82
390.10
11.34
See footnotes at end of table.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
122
1972
SIC
Code
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
43.2
43.8
41.6
45.3
42.5
41.0
42.9
42.4
43.8
43.4
41.8
43.0
42.2
42.2
42.3
40.3
42.9
43.7
44.4
42.8
41.2
43.7
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.9
42.6
41.8
42.8
41.6
43.4
44.5
41.1
44.3
43.0
41.3
43.3
42.8
44.1
43.9
42.3
42.4
42.4
42.1
42.6
40.1
42.9
43.8
44.1
42.0
42.0
43.4
41.8
41.5
41.6
42.4
43.0
42.1
43.2
41.9
42.5
43.0
42.0
41.7
43.6
40.9
43.6
44.2
44.1
44.1
42.4
43.1
42.3
42.3
42.8
39.1
42.7
42.4
43.7
43.5
41.1
42.7
42.7
41.8
41.9
41.6
42.2
42.1
43.2
41.9
42.3
42.6
42.0
41.3
43.3
40.8
43.3
44.3
43.5
43.7
42.2
41.9
42.1
41.8
42.6
38.7
42.3
42.5
43.6
43.6
40.7
41.8
41.5
41.5
41.6
42.2
42.9
41.8
42.1
41.7
40.7
41.7
41.3
42.1
41.6
41.5
40.9
39.3
40.5
40.1
39.3
40.0
40.3
39.5
40.3
38.4
41.3
41.1
40.8
42.5
40.2
40.4
41.3
40.2
40.5
41.9
41.2
42.6
41.1
42.3
42.5
42.2
42.6
42.5
41.9
39.7
39.8
39.9
39.4
40.4
41.0
39.7
40.9
38.7
41.3
40.8
41.0
42.7
40.4
40.5
41.6
40.1
40.8
42.6
41.8
43.6
40.7
41.4
41.8
41.1
41.8
41.9
40.3
39.6
39.8
40.9
40.2
40.0
41.4
39.9
40.2
37.2
39.9
39.8
41.1
41.8
40.8
40.3
40.4
40.0
40.8
41.9
41.6
42.3
40.4
41.4
41.7
41.2
41.5
41.8
40.1
39.7
39.4
41.1
40.5
39.8
40.5
39.7
40.0
37.8
39.3
38.6
40.6
41.1
40.4
39.8
41.1
39.4
40.2
41.7
42.3
41.8
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
40.7
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
4.2
3.8
3.9
6.6
4.4
2.7
5.0
4.1
5.2
5.6
4.5
3.8
4.5
4.1
3.6
4.8
4.5
4.4
6.1
4.8
2.8
5.3
4.6
2.8
2.7
3.7
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.7
6.3
4.5
3.4
5.0
4.3
5.3
5.8
4.4
3.3
4.8
4.1
3.8
5.1
4.8
4.7
6.2
4.8
3.2
5.6
5.1
3.2
3.2
4.1
4.3
4.4
5.1
4.3
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.2
5.5
2.9
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.1
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.2
5.7
4.3
2.9
5.1
4.7
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.7
5.2
3.1
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.9
4.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.8
4.3
2.4
4.2
4.1
2.6
2.6
3.8
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.4
3.0
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.2
2.3
2.5
3.7
1.9
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.3
1.8
3.3
2.7
2.5
3.2
2.2
3.2
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.8
2.7
4.9
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.4
5.1
2.8
2.9
4.5
2.0
2.9
3.2
3.6
2.9
2.7
1.7
3.2
2.7
2.5
3.0
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
4.1
3.3
5.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.7
4.0
2.5
2.8
3.5
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.6
3.0
1.4
3.3
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.3
3.8
2.1
2.7
3.4
2.6
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
1.6
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.9
3.4
3.4
2.9
3.2
3.1
4.0
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
....
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1972
SIC
Code
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$11.06 $11.08 $11.33 $11.31
12.64
12.67
12.33
12.29
11.25
11.21
11.40
11.38
11.03
11.08
10.81
10.91
10.32
10.33
9.96
9.82
10.02
9.98
9.91
9.83
11.70
11.72
11.31
11.31
11.64
11.60
11.30
11.20
12.09
12.12
11.74
11.81
12.49
12.52
12.08
12.11
10.58
10.62
10.10
10.15
9.33
9.35
8.92
8.81
11.47
11.48
11.13
11.06
11.51
11.53
11.08
11.07
9.63
9.56
9.09
9.10
12.38
12.48
12.23
12.12
10.87
10.82
10.63
10.61
11.40
11.37
11.33
11.25
11.33
11.27
11.17
11.15
10.55
10.51
10.55
10.48
9.62
9.61
9.38
9.39
11.15
11.15
10.59
10.52
10.41
10.32
10.54
10.58
11.06
11.01
10.72
10.65
11.05
10.98
10.69
10.67
10.70
10.69
10.64
10.63
10.93
10.91
10.86
10.86
10.98
10.97
10.58
10.58
13.16
13.15
12.85
12.76
10.69
10.67
10.25
10.27
10.12
9.35
9.20
9.50
10.06
10.06
9.90
10.15
'11.63
11.81
7.47
9.51
10.65
9.13
9.24
7.05
9.50
9.88
12.06
11.54
12.27
9.14
11.30
11.05
8.20
10.73
11.02
11.47
10.15
9.36
9.17
9.54
10.07
10.08
9.88
10.10
11.75
11.71
7.47
9.57
10.63
9.27
9.24
7.08
9.34
9.78
12.12
11.71
12.29
9.21
11.37
11.19
8.24
10.75
11.05
11.49
10.31
9.41
9.21
9.62
10.09
10.10
9.86
10.22
11.89
12.12
7.49
9.73
10.96
9.53
9.33
7.16
9.60
9.99
12.29
11.65
12.54
9.48
11.99
11.54
8.44
11.01
11.56
11.86
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$477.79
538.30
473.41
494.22
417.35
403.03
485.20
474.88
517.28
525.57
424.27
378.83
466.73
467.15
384.93
488.44
455.17
491.63
495.06
448.54
386.87
459.72
439.07
437.72
440.67
445.40
462.64
442.24
546.13
427.23
$480.87
548.69
468.54
478.88
428.28
409.28
489.72
483.64
517.73
530.31
427.23
378.21
471.91
466.47
387.23
490.42
456.03
496.25
492.60
443.10
393.96
459.61
440.57
444.88
444.70
451.14
466.98
445.42
555.12
429.48
$481.53
544.81
470.82
462.04
450.39
408.18
510.99
512.72
534.49
552.13
450.29
402.12
485.18
486.87
409.17
487.97
462.01
482.09
492.50
457.19
394.97
476.11
440.66
460.22
460.06
444.70
460.40
461.84
568.08
447.07
$478.41
538.46
472.50
455.54
446.86
408.82
506.61
515.65
525.92
545.81
446.48
391.77
483.31
481.95
410.24
479.11
459.80
484.50
493.99
459.98
391.53
466.07
432.02
458.99
459.68
451.54
468.90
458.96
554.04
445.77
417.17
395.93
389.73
402.59
428.98
428.40
413.97
400.97
467.65
467.23
294.32
386.63
435.83
368.02
377.92
274.00
385.74
399.02
496.92
500.02
496.52
373.01
472.99
448.72
336.19
457.95
461.89
500.96
419.62
389.57
384.98
395.38
421.76
423.19
397.36
404.71
473.22
495.71
301.10
389.20
453.74
380.25
375.07
266.35
383.04
397.60
505.12
486.97
511.63
382.04
484.40
461.60
344.35
461.32
480.90
501.68
417.33
389.57
382.81
397.17
417.91
419.25
396.59
404.54
469.25
497.72
305.78
388.85
443.88
379.53
370.80
277.83
377.28
389.86
502.22
478.40
511.46
379.29
494.84
457.43
340.90
457.87
491.95
491.57
10.33 $10.35 411.88
9.41
389.90
379.96
9.18
399.95
9.64
418.50
10.07
417.49
10.03
404.91
9.89
398.90
10.19
471.02
11.91
473.58
12.11
293.57
7.55
380.40
9.77
429.20
10.96
360.64
9.56
372.37
9.27
270.72
7.35
392.35
9.60
406.07
10.10
492.05
12.37
490.45
11.64
493.25
12.66
369.26
9.53
466.69
12.04
444.21
11.61
332.10
8.48
449.59
10.98
454.02
11.63
488.62
11.76
June
1989P
$421.25
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989 P
43.0
44.2
44.0
43.0
44.7
41.5
42.2
41.8
42.0
43.1
40.6
40.8
40.2
42.7
42.6
42.4
39.8
38.8
43.0
43.7
43.9
43.6
44.0
40.3
43.0
42.8
43.1
43.1
40.9
41.4
40.3
42.7
42.4
42.3
40.1
39.0
42.7
43.3
43.3
43.1
43.7
40.3
42.7
42.7
41.9
43.2
40.9
41.5
40.0
42.0
42.7
43.1
39.4
38.3
42.6
43.2
376
3761
379
3792
43.0
44.2
44.3
43.2
44.6
40.3
42.0
41.6
41.7
43.0
40.6
41.0
40.0
42.2
42.8
42.7
39.6
38.8
4.8
5.7
5.6
4.9
6.1
2.7
4.3
3.9
4.1
5.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
4.1
4.2
2.7
1.7
4.9
5.8
5.9
4.1
6.2
3.8
4.4
3.8
4.5
5.2
2.9
3.1
2.7
4.0
4.1
4.2
2.6
2.0
4.9
5.3
5.4
3.9
5.6
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.1
2.3
4.4
4.7
4.6
3.8
5.2
2.3
4.9
4.8
4.6
5.2
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.4
4.0
4.1
2.3
1.7
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
41.2
41.5
41.3
39.4
43.8
40.5
42.6
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.3
41.9
38.8
41.4
41.6
41.6
39.7
44.2
40.6
43.6
40.9
41.1
40.4
39.8
42.6
40.4
41.3
42.1
40.9
39.8
42.4
40.6
42.6
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.2
43.9
39.1
40.9
41.6
40.7
39.8
43.0
40.0
42.6
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.4
42.6
39.1
41.1
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.1
3.7
2.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.9
1.2
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.1
3.9
2.5
3.7
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.8
4.0
2.1
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.1
3.4
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.7
1.2
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.0
3.8
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.3
1.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
39.1
37.6
36.5
40.6
39.1
37.4
40.3
40.1
38.1
37.3
39.5
39.6
39.4
37.2
35.9
39.9
39.5
37.7
40.8
40.4
38.6
37.3
40.0
39.9
39.6
38.2
38.0
39.5
39.9
38.4
40.9
40.3
38.8
37.7
39.9
39.4
39.3
38.2
37.9
39.3
39.7
38.0
40.9
40.0
36.9
34.4
40.1
40.0
39.1
2.3
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.3
1.3
3.1
2.6
1.8
1.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.4
2.3
2.2
1.2
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.3
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.4
1.3
3.1
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.4
1.2
3.2
2.4
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.8
39.9
40.0
39.8
41.4
40.9
38.1
41.1
39.6
41.9
39.1
39.4
40.5
37.0
43.9
45.7
42.6
40.5
39.5
42.9
40.1
40.3
40.5
41.4
41.7
39.4
41.4
39.9
42.0
38.6
40.1
38.7
37.4
44.2
46.3
43.2
40.2
39.2
42.7
40.1
40.0
39.6
40.8
40.4
38.3
41.2
40.1
41.7
39.3
41.1
38.7
39.1
43.7
43.9
42.6
39.0
38.6
40.2
40.1
40.5
40.8
41.6
41.8
39.9
41.0
39.3
41.7
39.1
42.0
40.0
37.0
43.7
45.4
42.3
39.7
39.0
41.6
40.2
40.7
3.4
3.8
4.0
4.9
4.7
3.0
4.1
3.5
4.4
3.1
4.3
3.7
2.3
5.5
5.8
5.3
4.1
4.4
3.5
3.6
4.2
4.4
5.2
5.0
3.5
4.5
3.6
4.7
3.7
4.3
4.2
3.5
5.8
6.6
5.8
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.7
4.5
4.1
2.9
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.8
3.3
3.0
5.6
5.4
5.7
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.9
5.0
3.5
4.3
3.5
4.5
3.1
4.6
3.3
2.1
5.5
5.7
5.6
4.0
4.3
3.2
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.
124
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
June
1989 P
3.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
$13.26 $13.30 $13.60 $13.57 $13.67 $570.18
14.03 14.09 14.20 14.15 14.25 620.13
16.12 16.23 16.42 16.25
714.12
11.87 11.77 11.60 11.66
512.78
13.11 13.18 13.19 13.19
584.71
9.46
9.25
9.24
372.78
9.40
13.48 13.47 14.09 14.05
566.16
f)
(2)
O
(2)
$568.79
$13.64 $13.74 $14.17 $14.20
537.50
12.50 12.56 12.95 12.92
416.96
10.27 10.23 10.41 10.40
472.73
11.53 11.51 11.64 11.60
332.00
8.30
8.64
8.65
8.28
501.34
11.88 11.94 12.76 12.58
555.54
12.98 13.06 13.59 13.61
O
O
O
O
$10.12 $10.04 $10.27 $10.32
9.15
8.64
8.65
9.07
10.20 407.88
9.18
9.31
9.00
7.65
13.41
7.46
11.36
9.92
9.28
9.50
10.14
11.16
9.25
9.38
9.10
7.66
13.44
7.46
458.16
398.96
360.12
410.84
398.12
449.86
364.08
375.65
347.99
301.85
574.03
283.24
7.96
8.61
8.75
7.94
7.22
6.97
7.39
7.80
6.69
6.22
8.73
9.04
8.21
8.85
8.89
8.17
7.47
7.39
7.52
8.03
6.99
6.55
8.98
9.21
8.26
8.82
8.82
8.20
7.54
7.42
7.61
8.10
7.05
6.62
9.00
9.33
8.27 311.63
9.40
9.11
7.62
8.54
9.10
6.34
9.76
9.65
9.32
9.68
9.34
7.74
9.90
11.11
10.17
11.38
9.66
9.14
9.38
9.83
9.68
9.29
9.35
9.79
9.96
9.38
9.57
10.04
10.56
8.88
10.75
8.84
11.18
9.14
8.55
7.49
13.70
7.30
9.10
8.53
7.48
13.48
7.27
7.97
8.62
8.76
7.92
7.29
7.03
7.46
7.81
6.64
6.13
8.72
9.08
9.38
9.14
7.62
8.53
9.07
6.34
9.78
9.26
10.13
8.54
10.59
8.60
7.82
9.21
10.15
8.39
10.59
8.44
7.54
11.18
10.75
8.67
10.17
11.20
10.16
10.25
10.30
10.19
10.83
8.59
10.27
7.69
8.48
9.14
6.55
10.05
9.30
10.52
8.75
10.71
8.84
7.98
11.25
10.91
8.79
10.41
10.39
10.46
8.66
9.15
6.51
10.10
9.40
10.56
8.77
10.58
8.81
7.93
11.31
10.85
8.75
10.45
10.42
10.53
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
$571.90 $584.80 $579.44 $582.34
622.78 620.54 612.70 615.60
714.12 720.84 703.63
506.11 505.76 502.55
589.15 580.36 576.40
383.46 381.24 378.82
568.43 605.87 599.94
$577.08 $610.73
541.34 558.15
415.34 425.77
469.61 481.90
332.86 348.19
509.84 544.85
556.36 576.22
$594.98
558.14
425.36
481.40
346.00
528.36
581.15
$400.75 $399.59 $411.83 $406.61
335.23 335.62 353.73 350.45
10.17
9.90
11.04
June
1988
409.86
462.18
402.69
368.81
413.27
397.47
468.70
361.56
374.01
344.61
297.70
574.25
293.71
420.02
479.10
407.36
373.32
405.77
407.62
476.27
373.63
378.92
364.50
307.53
588.70
291.69
415.95
472.58
403.74
369.34
408.50
405.60
475.42
372.78
376.14
367.64
309.46
572.54
291.69
419.22
313.62
320.29
314.13
316.81
285.19
262.77
301.51
315.12
258.23
232.01
349.20
360.70
325.12
338.07
337.82
322.72
298.05
283.78
307.57
323.61
271.21
246.94
358.30
362.87
324.62
336.92
334.28
322.26
299.34
281.96
311.25
324.00
260.15
227.73
360.90
373.20
323.36
324.11
319.74
321.55
285.04
262.92
300.64
313.18
252.98
228.65
344.44
359.57
9.70 374.26
9.38 365.60
303.28
353.14
370.96
241.55
401.96
366.70
424.45
333.91
417.25
348.30
289.34
490.80
491.28
369.34
411.89
401.32
437.15
376.94
367.13
308.61
353.56
379.47
249.80
404.06
367.48
426.30
323.85
424.66
326.63
282.00
495.04
501.43
371.09
412.85
401.80
439.81
386.97
372.80
304.52
345.98
369.26
250.87
414.06
372.93
438.68
343.88
440.18
342.11
312.02
491.63
478.95
374.45
405.99
401.05
420.49
388.17
378.27
315.79
360.26
382.47
259.75
414.10
369.42
440.35
342.91
444.36
352.40
293.41
494.25
492.59
370.13
414.87
406.38
438.05
389.94
381.77
See footnotes at end of table.
125
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
2.3
3.2
1.9
4.9
4.3
6.5
3.9
3.3
3.0
4.5
2.3
5.0
4.6
6.5
4.5
3.8
2.8
3.8
2.2
5.1
3.9
5.8
3.5
3.6
3.1
3.8
2.8
5.1
4.2
6.2
4.1
4.1
May
1989P
209
39.3
40.4
38.1
42.3
40.9
43.2
40.7
37.4
39.9
40.4
39.0
42.8
41.4
43.0
41.3
38.0
39.4
42.2
37.8
43.4
41.4
43.6
40.5
38.4
40.2
42.8
39.0
43.1
41.8
43.6
41.3
38.6
Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes
21
211
39.4
39.5
39.8
40.0
38.1
38.4
39.5
39.9
38.7
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.1
1.8
1.9
2.3
2.6
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
40.7
40.0
41.3
41.3
40.9
39.5
38.2
38.7
39.2
38.6
41.1
41.7
41.7
42.2
42.2
40.5
40.7
39.0
43.1
41.0
40.2
41.9
41.2
41.5
40.1
37.7
39.3
40.3
40.0
40.7
41.7
41.8
42.0
42.9
40.3
40.6
38.6
43.0
41.2
41.6
41.3
41.3
42.3
40.2
38.6
39.5
39.9
40.0
42.0
43.3
43.3
43.2
41.6
41.0
41.4
39.3
41.7
41.2
41.8
41.6
40.9
41.7
40.2
38.2
39.0
40.4
40.4
41.6
42.8
42.8
42.9
41.7
40.9
41.2
39.6
41.8
41.6
3.6
3.9
3.9
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.6
1.6
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.7
3.4
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.5
3.8
4.0
4.5
3.4
3.4
3.0
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.4
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.9
4.6
3.9
4.1
2.9
4.7
4.1
4.6
4.2
3.3
4.1
3.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.3
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.0
4.3
2.5
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.2
3.2
3.6
3.6
2.3
3.0
4.0
2.4
4.5
5.1
4.8
5.2
4.4
4.1
4.4
2.6
3.9
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
37.3
37.3
37.4
37.8
37.0
36.6
35.6
36.7
35.1
37.0
35.3
37.9
38.3
35.8
37.9
36.4
38.4
39.2
36.3
38.2
42.8
37.1
36.2
37.1
37.2
36.4
36.8
35.7
36.0
35.1
36.0
35.9
37.6
37.8
36.4
36.3
35.0
37.9
39.5
39.3
38.7
42.0
37.0
36.2
36.9
37.1
36.1
36.6
35.7
35.9
35.0
36.7
35.7
37.6
37.9
36.0
36.7
35.8
38.2
39.1
38.4
38.7
40.9
37.3
2396
36.8
36.7
36.6
37.0
36.6
35.3
35.8
35.7
35.7
36.3
35.7
37.1
37.2
36.6
36.8
35.4
38.3
38.6
36.1
37.6
41.5
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.1
2.5
1.4
1.1
2.2
2.5
1.2
1.6
4.9
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.4
1.9
2.9
1.5
2.1
6.4
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
3.1
2.5
2.5
5.5
1.8
1.0
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.0
1.7
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.3
2.9
2.4
2.5
4.6
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
43.1
45.5
45.6
45.1
41.4
43.1
41.0
41.1
42.2
41.4
42.6
43.6
43.1
45.0
45.2
44.5
41.5
43.0
40.6
41.2
42.6
42.0
43.1
43.8
43.1
45.4
45.6
44.2
41.5
43.7
40.6
40.5
42.4
42.0
43.0
41.8
43.1
45.5
45.7
44.4
41.5
42.9
41.2
41.0
42.3
41.9
42.8
42.4
43.1
4.9
6.4
6.5
8.4
3.6
3.8
2.7
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.9
6.3
6.4
7.6
3.7
4.0
2.5
4.0
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.8
4.9
6.5
6.6
6.4
3.6
4.1
2.8
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.9
6.7
6.8
6.7
3.6
3.9
2.8
3.9
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.8
See footnotes at end of table.
126
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
229
2361
238
239
2391
2392
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
.
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
206
2061-3
2065
207
$9.56
10.96
8.43
9.38
208
2082
2086
12.15
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$9.96
11.66
209
16.76
9.60
8.57
$9.53
11.27
8.35
9.45
12.16
17.06
9.66
8.51
21
211
15.38
17.52
15.92
17.97
15.87
18.13
7.31
7.63
7.92
7.95
6.72
6.61
6.50
6.35
6.33
6.39
7.44
7.72
7.73
7.99
7.64
7.02
6.99
7.26
8.28
7.33
7.64
7.98
8.04
6.79
6.60
6.46
6.35
6.33
6.39
7.43
7.77
7.78
8.07
7.66
6.99
6.98
7.13
8.35
7.60
7.96
8.22
8.41
7.12
6.85
6.78
6.66
6.39
6.82
7.75
8.06
8.04
8.39
7.84
7.33
7.33
7.34
8.59
7.62
7.94
8.25
8.44
7.11
6.86
6.74
6.69
6.44
6.78
7.71
8.11
8.07
8.48
7.91
7.36
7.37
7.37
8.60
6.10
6.78
5.56
5.39
5.42
5.59
5.86
5.11
6.21
6.54
5.75
5.68
5.53
6.48
5.41
5.41
5.93
7.50
5.98
6.23
11.67
6.32
7.05
5.77
5.67
5.59
5.69
6.05
5.26
6.48
6.30
6.01
5.90
5.75
6.71
5.64
5.67
6.11
7.62
6.29
6.35
11.81
11.66
11.83
14.58
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
239
2391
2392
2396
6.07
6.76
5.56
5.44
5.38
5.58
5.83
5.11
6.15
6.49
5.74
5.67
5.49
6.62
5.37
5.35
5.90
7.40
5.97
6.16
11.34
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
11.66
14.27
14.31
14.62
10.11
11.30
9.63
9.36
9.92
10.30
10.04
9.72
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
14.36
14.41
14.37
10.07
11.24
9.53
9.38
9.98
10.34
10.15
9.70
8.77
9.64
12.81
17.89
10.26
8.68
14.61
14.51
10.30
11.48
9.72
9.43
10.09
10.50
10.26
9.93
$9.96
11.54
8.87
9.73
12.74
17.76
10.25
8.72
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
$375.71
442.78
321.18
396.77
496.94
724.03
390.72
320.52
$380.25
455.31
325.65
404.46
503.42
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989 P
323.38
$392.42 $400.39
492.05 493.91
331.51 345.93
418.38 419.36
530.33 532.53
780.00 774.34
415.53 423.33
333.31 336.59
633.62
718.80
604.65
696.19
637.14
728.97
$643.58
7.64 297.52
305.20
327.10
328.34
274.85
261.10
248.30
245.75
248.14
246.65
305.78
321.92
322.34
337.18
322.41
284.31
284.49
283.14
356.87
300.53
307.13
334.36
331.25
281.79
264.66
243.54
249.56
255.10
255.60
302.40
324.01
325.20
338.94
328.61
281.70
283.39
275.22
359.05
313.12
331.14
339.49
347.33
301.18
275.37
261.71
263.07
254.96
272.80
325.50
349.00
348.13
362.45
326.14
300.53
303.46
288.46
358.20
313.94
331.89
343.20
345.20
296.49
275.77
257.47
260.91
260.18
273.91
320.74
347.11
345.40
363.79
329.85
301.02
303.64
291.85
359.48
317.82
6.32
7.05
5.79
5.71
5.60
5.74
6.04
5.27
6.55
6.33
5.95
5.95
5.78
6.82
5.59
5.63
6.13
7.61
6.30
6.40
11.73
6.35 223.38
248.09
203.50
201.28
196.91
196.97
208.71
182.43
219.56
235.59
204.92
210.36
204.23
242.29
197.62
189.39
225.97
285.64
215.52
231.62
470.61
227.53
252.89
207.94
203.74
200.54
204.59
208.62
187.54
217.97
241.98
202.98
215.27
211.80
231.98
205.04
196.92
227.71
294.00
217.07
237.99
499.48
234.47
255.21
214.07
210.92
203.48
209.39
215.99
189.36
227.45
226.80
215.76
221.84
217.35
244.24
204.73
198.45
231.57
300.99
247.20
245.75
496.02
233.84
255.21
213.65
211.84
202.16
210.08
215.63
189.19
229.25
232.31
212.42
223.72
219.06
245.52
205.15
201.55
234.17
297.55
241.92
247.68
479.76
236.86
11.89
14.63
14.63
14.66
10.32
11.51
9.64
9.52
10.17
10.58
10.34
10.02
11.93 502.55
649.29
652.54
659.36
418.55
487.03
394.83
384.70
418.62
426.42
427.70
423.79
502.55
646.20
651.33
639.47
417.91
483.32
386.92
386.46
425.15
434.28
437.47
424.86
509.87
661.93
666.22
641.34
427.45
501.68
394.63
381.92
427.82
441.00
441.18
415.07
512.46
665.67
668.59
650.90
428.28
493.78
397.17
390.32
430.19
443.30
442.55
424.85
514.18
16.13 $16.63 605.97
18.27
692.04
733.58
398.96
See footnotes at end of table.
127
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989 P
37.5
33.2
38.0
39.5
38.7
40.8
35.7
38.6
38.7
38.5
41.3
38.7
38.3
37.6
33.6
37.7
38.6
38.1
39.3
35.6
38.6
38.7
38.5
42.1
38.8
38.9
37.8
33.0
37.8
39.6
39.4
39.9
36.3
39.2
39.1
39.1
40.8
38.4
38.9
37.4
33.0
37.6
39.4
38.9
40.1
36.0
38.6
38.6
38.4
41.0
38.3
38.1
37.5
2.8
1.3
3.2
3.7
3.1
4.7
1.9
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.8
2.8
3.7
2.7
1.4
3.0
2.9
2.2
3.8
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
4.5
2.7
4.3
2.9
1.2
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.4
1.8
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.9
2.7
1.3
2.6
3.3
2.9
4.0
1.9
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.4
2.8
3.5
42.4
43.1
43.3
43.5
43.9
43.0
41.3
41.1
40.4
44.2
41.5
37.8
42.3
43.7
42.4
44.1
43.7
42.1
42.5
43.0
42.7
43.1
43.9
42.9
41.8
41.2
39.9
42.3
40.8
38.1
41.4
45.3
44.1
45.6
44.5
42.1
42.2
42.8
42.5
42.9
43.3
42.9
41.1
40.6
39.6
41.7
40.4
38.1
42.0
44.5
44.4
44.5
43.2
42.1
42.3
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.4
2.9
2.9
3.1
4.6
3.0
2.3
4.0
5.1
4.4
5.3
5.2
3.7
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.9
5.1
4.6
3.0
3.0
3.6
5.0
3.6
2.9
4.2
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.6
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.3
4.6
3.5
3.5
2.7
4.5
2.9
1.5
3.4
6.0
5.5
6.1
5.9
3.6
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.9
5.1
4.6
3.5
3.4
2.4
4.4
2.4
1.3
3.7
5.5
5.3
5.6
4.9
3.6
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2861,9
287
289
42.1
42.6
42.6
43.1
43.5
42.8
40.9
40.7
39.9
43.7
41.1
37.2
42.2
43.7
41.7
44.2
43.3
42.1
Petroleum and coal products ..,
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
44.1
43.8
46.6
45.1
45.0
47.0
44.3
44.7
44.0
43.7
44.0
43.9
43.3
5.4
4.8
8.6
5.9
5.3
9.0
5.8
5.9
6.2
5.7
5.7
6.7
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
41.7
45.2
39.7
41.8
44.7
39.3
41.5
44.7
40.1
41.5
45.8
40.4
41.6
4.2
6.1
1.6
4.3
6.3
1.4
4.0
6.0
1.7
3.8
5.9
1.8
303,4
306
307
44.0
41.6
41.2
44.4
42.0
41.3
42.4
41.1
41.1
42.7
40.4
41.1
4.2
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.1
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.0
3.7
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .
31
37.6
41.2
37.3
37.4
37.1
39.7
35.6
37.9
41.3
37.8
37.4
38.2
39.7
36.2
37.8
41.6
37.4
37.3
37.5
39.9
35.6
37.6
42.0
37.2
38.0
35.9
39.5
35.8
38.7
1.9
4.1
1.6
.9
2.1
2.8
2.0
2.1
4.0
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.5
1.5
1.8
4.3
1.4
1.1
2.0
2.3
1.4
1.8
4.6
1.3
1.2
1.5
2.5
1.6
39.1
39.5
39.8
39.4
39.8
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
4011
45.0
45.1
47.0
46.0
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
41
411
413
34.4
38.5
39.4
34.7
38.8
41.0
34.2
38.3
40.2
34.3
38.2
39.9
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
38.0
37.9
38.3
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.2
38.2
39.1
38.3
38.3
39.0
Pipe lines, except natural gas .
46
40.9
41.9
42.4
41.4
See footnotes at end of table.
128
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
.2861,9
287
289
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
$10.43 $10.43 $10.73 $10.76 $10.72 $391.13
10.71
346.94
10.73
10.46
10.45
11.37
11.44
10.90
412.30
10.85
9.37
9.32
367.75
9.39
9.31
8.97
8.94
8.96
8.95
346.37
9.87
9.99
10.09
9.85
401.88
9.82
347.36
10.22
10.05
9.73
10.65 10.98
412.63
11.02
10.69
10.74
10.68
10.30
398.61
10.30
416.57
10.73
10.82
11.12
11.10
11.14
10.92
451.00
11.22
11.20
8.29
321.60
8.31
8.69
8.60
491.39
12.83 12.83
13.44
13.50
June
1988
Apr.
1989
$392.17
351.46
410.93
359.75
341.38
387.89
349.59
411.09
398.61
413.11
468.99
321.65
499.09
$405.59
353.43
432.43
371.84
352.24
402.59
364.82
430.42
417.59
434.01
456.96
330.24
525.15
$402.42 $402.00
354.09
427.51
369.18
348.93
400.60
367.92
425.37
414.56
427.01
460.02
332.83
512.06
May
1989P
June
1989P
12.58
13.74
13.77
13.02
13.81
12.45
12.01
11.71
11.02
14.39
10.29
9.29
11.21
14.99
14.80
15.04
11.94
11.40
12.60
13.82
13.87
13.04
13.75
12.48
11.97
11.74
10.98
14.34
10.35
9.23
11.17
15.02
14.93
15.05
12.22
11.50
12.92
14.17
14.22
13.27
14.24
12.49
12.32
12.22
11.14
14.83
10.32
9.34
11.58
15.43
15.19
15.49
12.35
11.78
12.99
14.18
14.26
13.31
14.24
12.63
12.49
12.46
11.13
14.96
10.21
9.36
11.61
15.58
15.38
15.63
12.43
11.86
13.06 529.62
585.32
586.60
561.16
600.74
532.86
491.21
476.60
439.70
628.84
422.92
345.59
473.06
655.06
617.16
664.77
517.00
479.94
534.24
595.64
600.57
567.24
603.63
536.64
494.36
482.51
443.59
633.83
429.53
348.89
472.49
656.37
633.03
663.71
534.01
484.15
549.10
609.31
607.19
571.94
625.14
535.82
514.98
503.46
444.49
627.31
421.06
355.85
479.41
698.98
669.88
706.34
549.58
495.94
548.18
606.90
606.05
571.00
616.59
541.83
513.34
505.88
440.75
623.83
412.48
356.62
487.62
693.31
682.87
695.54
536.98
499.31
552.44
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
14.86
16.14
11.53
14.96
16.26
11.53
15.50
16.76
11.81
15.36
16.63
12.12
15.19 655.33
706.93
537.30
674.70
731.70
541.91
686.65
749.17
519.64
671.23
731.72
532.07
657.73
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
9.07
14.20
6.29
9.10
14.24
6.38
9.35
15.01
6.42
9.40
14.97
6.60
9.41 378.22
641.84
249.71
380.38
636.53
250.73
388.03
670.95
257.44
390.10
685.63
266.64
391.46
303,4
306
307
9.25
8.76
8.47
9.23
8.77
8.50
9.35
8.83
8.68
9.42
8.81
8.72
407.00
364.42
348.96
409.81
368.34
351.05
396.44
362.91
356.75
402.23
355.92
358.39
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
6.26
8.49
5.94
6.25
5.67
6.27
6.11
6.26
8.44
5.95
6.28
5.69
6.34
6.00
6.55
8.71
6.26
6.69
5.91
6.60
5.83
6.57
8.68
6.26
6.68
5.92
6.65
5.93
6.53 235.38
349.79
221.56
233.75
210.36
248.92
217.52
237.25
348.57
224.91
234.87
217.36
251.70
217.20
247.59
362.34
234.12
249.54
221.63
263.34
207.55
247.03
364.56
232.87
253.84
212.53
262.68
212.29
252.71
12.28
12.27
12.51
12.50
12.48 480.15
484.67
497.90
492.50
496.70
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
4011
15.11
15.06
15.33
15.35
679.95
679.21
720.51
706.10
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
41
411
413
8.35
8.99
11.18
8.42
9.03
11.21
8.70
9.57
11.53
8.70
9.52
11.39
287.24
346.12
440.49
292.17
350.36
459.61
297.54
366.53
463.51
298.41
363.66
454.46
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
11.00
11.15
8.86
10.94
11.10
8.82
11.30
11.47
9.19
11.32
11.47
9.31
418.00
422.59
339.34
422.28
428.46
341.33
431.66
438.15
359.33
433.56
439.30
363.09
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
15.90
15.58
16.33
16.07
650.31
652.80
692.39
665.30
See footnotes at end of table.
129
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
48
481
483
39.6
41.1
35.4
39.9
41.4
35.7
39.2
40.6
35.5
39.0
40.6
34.8
49
41.2
41.3
40.4
41.2
42.8
41.5
41.4
41.1
42.0
42.3
41.9
42.1
41.9
42.2
41.6
41.8
42.1
41.3
41.9
42.0
38.0
38.1
38.2
37.9
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
38.4
38.0
37.2
39.5
35.4
40.3
38.0
38.1
38.7
37.7
38.6
38.1
37.3
40.0
35.7
40.5
38.0
38.7
38.9
38.0
38.7
37.6
37.7
39.7
35.6
40.6
38.4
38.7
39.2
38.5
38.4
37.2
37.2
39.5
34.9
40.4
38.0
38.5
38.8
38.3
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....
51
37.4
36.7
36.5
36.4
37.7
39.7
38.4
35.8
37.4
37.5
37.0
36.8
36.7
37.9
40.0
38.5
36.3
36.9
37.4
37.3
36.8
36.0
37.7
39.9
38.6
36.2
37.0
37.3
36.7
37.2
35.7
37.6
39.7
38.2
36.0
37.1
28.9
29.4
28.9
28.8
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores
52
521
525
36.6
38.2
32.8
37.0
38.9
33.3
36.2
38.0
32.1
36.3
38.1
32.0
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .
53
531
533
539
27.4
27.1
29.0
28.8
28.0
27.7
29.3
30.1
27.1
26.8
27.8
28.7
27.3
27.1
27.9
28.3
Food stores
Grocery stores ...
Retail bakeries ...
54
541
546
29.9
30.0
28.3
30.7
30.9
28.9
29.7
29.8
29.2
29.8
29.9
29.4
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
36.4
37.2
38.4
34.1
36.8
37.5
38.9
34.7
36.3
37.2
38.5
33.8
35.8
36.7
38.0
33.3
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
26.4
28.4
24.7
26.3
27.9
27.1
29.3
25.3
27.2
28.7
26.7
28.5
24.8
26.8
28.7
26.6
28.2
24.7
26.4
28.6
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
32.6
33.2
33.1
31.3
32.8
33.4
33.6
31.6
32.9
33.5
33.5
31.6
32.6
33.3
33.1
31.2
Eating and drinking places4 ...
58
25.7
26.0
25.6
25.4
See footnotes at end of table.
130
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
38.1
29.2
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
1972
SIC
Pnrlo
48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
$12.62 $12.68 $13.01 $13.05
13.69
13.30
13.70
13.29
12.18
12.04
11.55
11.28
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$499.75 $505.93 $509.99 $508.95
546.22 550.62 556.22 555.81
399.31 412.34 427.42 423.86
14.21
14.40
13.32
16.65
10.86
14.08
14.22
13.16
16.54
10.94
14.70
14.93
13.58
17.24
11.30
14.68
14.97
13.51
17.29
11.16
585.45
594.72
538.13
685.98
464.81
584.32
588.71
540.88
694.68
462.76
615.93
628.55
569.00
727.53
470.08
613.62
630.24
557.96
724.45
468.72
9.90
9.88
10.36
10.27 $10.28 376.20
376.43
395.75
389.23
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
10.11
9.18
9.47
9.53
9.83
10.59
10.56
9.54
10.76
7.92
10.09
9.15
9.46
9.56
9.80
10.55
10.48
9.48
10.76
7.96
10.61
9.68
9.64
10.02
9.63
10.90
11.06
9.99
11.37
8.41
10.52
9.55
9.65
9.98
9.69
10.87
10.95
9.87
11.28
8.28
388.22
348.84
352.28
376.44
347.98
426.78
401.28
363.47
416.41
298.58
389.47
348.62
352.86
382.40
349.86
427.28
398.24
366.88
418.56
302.48
410.61
363.97
363.43
397.79
342.83
442.54
424.70
386.61
445.70
323.79
403.97
355.26
358.98
394.21
338.18
439.15
416.10
380.00
437.66
317.12
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
9.59
10.33
11.14
9.50
9.73
12.18
9.72
11.16
7.79
9.57
10.22
11.06
9.46
9.71
12.22
9.70
11.11
7.78
9.98
10.93
11.53
9.96
10.11
12.60
9.96
11.54
8.16
9.90
10.81
11.19
9.91
10.06
12.37
9.85
11.50
8.14
358.67
379.11
406.61
345.80
366.82
483.55
373.25
399.53
291.35
358.88
378.14
407.01
347.18
368.01
488.80
373.45
403.29
287.08
373.25
407.69
424.30
358.56
381.15
502.74
384.46
417.75
301.92
369.27
396.73
416.27
353.79
378.26
491.09
376.27
414.00
301.99
6.28
6.27
6.52
6.49
181.49
184.34
188.43
186.91
Retail trade
June
1989P
6.49
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
7.31
7.72
6.20
7.33 _
7.67
6.19
7.64
8.05
6.35
7.61
8.01
6.36
267.55
294.90
203.36
271.21
298.36
206.13
276.57
305.90
203.84
276.24
305.18
203.52
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
6.49
6.79
4.96
5.31
6.50
6.81
4.93
5.26
6.74
7.01
5.30
5.66
6.72
7.00
5.22
5.64
177.83
184.01
143.84
152.93
182.00
188.64
144.45
158.33
182.65
187.87
147.34
162.44
183.46
189.70
145.64
159.61
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
7.00
7.11
5.99
6.94
7.04
5.99
7.17
7.28
5.97
7.13
7.24
6.04
209.30
213.30
169.52
213.06
217.54
173.11
212.95
216.94
174.32
212.47
216.48
177.58
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
8.32
10.22
7.02
5.75
8.29
10.22
6.98
5.72
8.60
10.49
7.46
5.94
8.51
10.33
7.47
5.94
302.85
380.18
269.57
196.08
305.07
383.25
271.52
198.48
312.18
390.23
287.21
200.77
304.66
379.11
283.86
197.80
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
5.78
7.13
5.45
5.59
5.93
5.78
7.06
5.44
5.66
5.94
5.96
7.35
5.62
5.92
6.02
5.96
7.46
5.60
5.85
6.03
152.59
202.49
134.62
147.02
165.45
156.64
206.86
137.63
153.95
170.48
159.13
209.48
139.38
158.66
172.77
158.54
210.37
138.32
154.44
172.46
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
7.78
7.89
7.70
7.60
7.81
7.93
7.81
7.59
8.10
8.15
8.21
7.97
8.19
8.18
8.24
8.19
253.63
261.95
254.87
237.88
256.17
264.86
262.42
239.84
266.49
273.03
275.04
251.85
266.99
272.39
272.74
255.53
Eating and drinking places4
58
4.53
4.53
4.69
4.71
116.42
117.78
120.06
119.63
$391.67
189.51
_
See footnotes at end of table.
131
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
59
591
594
596
598
599
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Average weekly hours
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
29.0
32.0
38.1
31.9
29.6
27.0
28.2
32.5
38.1
31.6
29.9
27.0
28.2
32.7
37.6
33.5
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6
29.7
27.3
28.2
31.8
37.7
32.4
30.0
27.7
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks.
60
602
35.4
35.3
35.6
35.5
36.2
36.2
35.4
35.4
Credit agencies other than banks .
Savings and loan associations....
Personal credit institutions
61
612
614
36.1
35.7
36.1
36.3
35.9
36.5
37.1
36.3
36.6
36.3
35.9
36.2
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and hearth insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance...
63
631
632
633
37.1
36.6
37.5
37.2
37.1
36.6
37.6
37.1
37.4
37.2
38.1
37.2
37.1
37.0
37.8
36.9
32.4
32.7
32.8
32.4
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 4 .
701
31.5
31.6
31.5
30.9
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4
721
723
34.5
30.2
34.4
30.1
34.2
30.3
34.6
30.0
Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
33.7
36.4
29.2
37.9
34.0
37.0
29.4
37.8
33.9
37.2
30.0
38.1
33.5
36.8
29.7
37.2
Auto repair, services, and garages.
Automotive repair shops
75
753
36.2
37.5
36.5
38.1
36.6
38.0
36.2
37.7
Miscellaneous repair services .
76
38.1
38.4
37.9
38.1
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .
78
781
27.9
36.8
28.7
36.9
28.6
35.4
28.1
35.0
Amusement and recreation services .
79
27.9
28.8
27.7
27.4
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities ...
Hospitals
80
801
802
805
806
32.2
31.1
28.0
31.5
33.8
32.4
31.2
28.4
31.7
34.1
32.5
31.7
28.9
31.9
33.8
32.2
31.2
28.6
31.5
33.8
Legal services
81
34.3
34.7
35.2
34.6
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
891
893
37.6
38.9
36.2
38.0
39.4
36.5
39.5
39.4
40.6
37.6
38.8
36.2
See footnotes at end of table.
132
Average overtime hours
June
1989P
35.8
32.6
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
59
591
594
596
598
599
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
$194.54
170.35
173.71
236.27
342.32
212.87
$196.50
173.13
177.19
240.32
343.28
212.45
$200.98
173.61
180.20
250.25
356.62
218.67
$202.12
173.07
179.35
253.75
350.06
228.14
May
1989P
$6.55
6.24
6.16
7.43
9.08
6.57
$6.55
6.25
6.11
7.51
9.01
6.66
$6.79
6.43
6.39
7.70
9.36
6.92
$6.76
6.41
6.36
7.76
9.31
6.81
9.08
8.97
9.59
9.47
$9.44 325.06
321.13
348.12
337.13
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
60
602
7.89
7.58
7.81
7.51
8.30
7.92
8.21
7.84
279.31
267.57
278.04
266.61
300.46
286.70
290.63
277.54
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
61
612
614
8.22
7.72
7.75
8.18
7.66
7.71
8.63
8.11
8.21
8.55
8.02
8.11
296.74
275.60
279.78
296.93
274.99
281.42
320.17
294.39
300.49
310.37
287.92
293.58
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
633
10.15
9.61
9.88
10.65
10.13
9.58
9.78
10.67
10.62
9.98
10.34
11.31
10.58
9.96
10.23
11.30
376.57
351.73
370.50
396.18
375.82
350.63
367.73
395.86
397.19
371.26
393.95
420.73
392.52
368.52
386.69
416.97
8.85
8.79
9.34
9.31
9.25 286.74
287.43
306.35
301.64
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4
701
6.43
6.38
6.61
6.64
202.55
201.61
208.22
205.18
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
721
723
6.31
6.81
6.33
6.92
6.53
6.77
6.56
6.87
217.70
205.66
217.75
208.29
223.33
205.13
226.98
206.10
Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
9.06
12.41
6.87
13.03
9.03
12.15
6.95
13.00
9.60
13.30
7.09
14.03
9.54
12.96
7.14
13.99
305.32
451.72
200.60
493.84
307.02
449.55
204.33
491.40
325.44
494.76
212.70
534.54
319.59
476.93
212.06
520.43
Auto repair, services, and garages
75
753
8.04
8.79
8.07
8.81
8.34
9.22
8.37
9.22
291.05
329.63
294.56
335.66
305.24
350.36
302.99
347.59
76
9.58
9.51
9.86
9.89
365.00
365.18
373.69
376.81
78
781
11.24
15.43
10.90
15.21
12.32
15.72
12.51
15.99
313.60
567.82
312.83
561.25
352.35
556.49
351.53
559.65
79
7.45
6.88
8.08
7.81
207.86
198.14
223.82
213.99
80
801
802
805
806
9.14
8.78
8.90
6.26
10.40
9.15
8.72
8.85
6.30
10.43
9.68
9.24
9.38
6.67
11.03
9.70
9.22
9.38
6.72
11.04
294.31
273.06
249.20
197.19
351.52
296.46
272.06
251.34
199.71
355.66
314.60
292.91
271.08
212.77
372.81
312.34
287.66
268.27
211.68
373.15
81
12.73
12.68
13.44
13.21
436.64
440.00
473.09
457.07
89
891
893
12.58
13.37
10.94
12.43
13.17
10.82
13.09
14.09
11.21
13.10
13.95
11.28
473.01
520.09
396.03
472.34
518.90
394.93
517.06
555.15
455.13
492.56
541.26
408.34
June
1989P
$337.95
301.55
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.
5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.
133
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-
C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Apr.
1988
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Apr.
1988
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$13.96
$14.04
$14.74
$14.66
$13.39
$13.40
$14.09
$14.09
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
14.43
14.50
15.17
15.10
13.65
13.67
14.51
14.52
= preliminary.
134
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
* Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
' = preliminary.
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
$9.70
$9.70
$9.95
$9.98
$9.98
10.19
8.17
7.65
9.83
10.44
8.39
7.88
10.10
10.47
10.48
12.56
9.57
7.74
10.19
8.21
7.67
9.86
11.42
9.79
10.43
9.76
12.59
9.56
7.71
9.00
8.73
9.00
8.66
14.91
7.00
5.94
15.37
7.00
5.95
11.03
10.07
11.41
9.78
10.42
9.76
11.03
10.05
12.01
14.00
8.64
6.10
12.01
14.04
8.66
6.09
May
1989P
9.95
8.41
7.92
10.09
11.55
10.05
10.75
9.99
12.87
12.90
9.85
7.98
9.85
8.02
9.25
8.90
15.51
7.24
6.17
9.28
8.90
15.67
7.26
6.17
11.54
10.02
10.72
11.20
11.25
10.33
10.39
12.39
12.31
14.55
8.92
6.40
14.43
8.98
6.42
June
1989 P
O
O
0
0
O
O
O
$9.28
()
ft
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.
135
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
INDUSTRY
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
June
1989P
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
$9.26
4.85
$9.23
4.82
$9.62
4.81
$9.59
All
$9.58
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.60
6.60
12.61
6.58
13.19
6.60
13.14
6.53
$13.10
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.91
6.77
12.89
6.73
13.30
6.65
13.29
6.61
$13.27
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
10.14
5.31
10.16
5.30
10.41
5.21
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.28
6.44
12.27
6.40
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.90
5.19
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
May
1988
June
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
June
1989P
$320.40 $322.13 $334.78 $330.86 $332.43
167.92 168.13 167.39 164.53
531.72
278.68
535.93
279.71
564.53
282.27
553.19
275.08
$554.13
0
494.45
259.15
498.84
260.35
504.07
252.04
501.03
249.14
$502.93
10.42
5.18
$10.44
(2)
415.74
217.89
418.59
218.47
426.81
213.41
426.18
211.92
$428.04
12.51
6.26
12.50
6.22
$12.48
480.15
251.65
484.67
252.96
497.90
248.95
492.50
244.90
$496.70
9.88
5.16
10.36
5.18
10.27
5.11
$10.28
376.20
197.17
376.43
196.47
395.75
197.88
389.23
193.55
$391.67
6.28
3.29
6.27
3.27
6.52
3.26
6.49
3.23
$6.49
181.49
95.12
184.34
96.21
188.43
94.22
186.91
92.94
$189.51
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.08
4.76
8.97
4.68
9.59
4.80
9.47
4.71
$9.44
325.06
170.37
321.13
167.60
348.12
174.06
337.13
167.64
$337.95
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
8.85
4.64
8.79
4.59
9.34
4.67
9.31
4.63
$9.25
(2)
286.74
150.28
287.43
150.02
306.35
153.18
301.64
150.00
$301.55
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
n
= preliminary.
136
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1988
1989
Industry
June
Total private
34.7
July
34.8
Aug.
34.6
Sept.
34.7
Oct.
34.8
O
Mining
Nov.
Dec,
34.7
34.7
O
0
Jan.
34.8
Feb.
34.6
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
34.7
34.9
O
O
Mayp
Junep
34.6
34.6
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.2
42.0
42.6
41.0
42.9
43.9
41.4
39.4
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.4
39.6
42.2
43.5
44.0
41.9
42.8
41.0
42.7
42.9
41.7
39.3
41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.1
39.2
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.9
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.3
41.1
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.1
39.6
42.3
43.9
44.5
42.0
42.7
40.9
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.2
41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.7
44.2
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.1
43.9
41.8
39.1
41.2
3.9
41.9
4.2
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.5
41.0
43.1
44.1
41.6
39.3
41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.5
39.5
41.0
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5
41.3
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8
41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.2
39.5
40.9
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.9
39.4
41.9
43.1
43.4
41.4
42.4
40.6
42.5
42.9
41.1
39.1
40.1
3.6
40.3
40.2
3.7
40.4
40.1
3.6
40.3
0
40.2
3.6
40.6
2
()
41.0
37.0
43.1
37.9
42.3
40.1
3.6
40.1
(2)
40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
40.1
3.8
40.4
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
40.2
3.7
40.6
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.2
()
41.7
40.2
3.7
40.7
(2)
41.4
37.0
43.2
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.5
37.9
37.1
37.2
40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
40.8
37.1
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7
38.6
40.4
3.8
40.7
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7
40.2
3.7
40.4
(2)
41.0
40.0
3.6
40.2
0
40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
41.0
37.1
43.2
38.1
42.3
39.4
39.4
39.3
38.0
38.1
37.9
29.1
29.3
29.0
32.5
32.7
32.5
40.8
37.0
43.2
38.0
42.4
2
41.0
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.2
(2)
41.6
37.5
O
41.7
37.5
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6
37.8
39.4
37.3
37.7
(2)
41.7
38.0
39.3
39.4
39.6
38.1
38.0
38.1
38.1
29.2
29.0
29.1
29.1
32.7
32.5
32.7
32.7
29.1
32.6
(2)
41.7
(2)
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.4
39.4
38.1
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
Apr.
O
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Mar.
39.4
38.1
28.9
32.5
41.6
(2)
41.7
37.6
43.4
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.6
38.0
38.3
37.4
39.4
40.1
39.6
38.1
38.3
37.9
28.9
29.1
28.9
32.6
32.8
32.5
(2)
41.5
39.6
38.0
28.9
32.4
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.
137
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1989
1988
Industry
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Mayp
Total private
124.8
125.6
125.1
125.6
126.3
126.3
126.8
127.4
127.2
127.6
128.7
127.6
127.8
Goods-producing
101.8
102.0
101.5
101.8
102.4
102.8
102.3
103.0
102.9
102.9
103.5
102.4
102.2
83.0
83.5
81.6
81.1
81.2
80.0
80.2
79.9
80.1
81.1
83.4
81.8
80.1
138.7
137.9
137.8
138.1
139.4
141.1
139.4
141.2
140.5
140.3
141.0
138.1
138.5
95.5
95.9
95.5
95.7
96.2
96.5
96.2
96.7
96.7
96.7
97.2
96.5
96.2
93.7
104.0
94.2
93.7
94.6
106.3
112.3
90.6
68.9
94.9
105.9
94.6
106.2
95.2
107.0
112.6
113.8
105.3
114.3
91.0
69.0
54.0
92.5
92.1
101.4
91.0
92.1
92.5
100.2
91.4
69.1
53.8
93.0
93.0
100.2
105.9
114.6
91.0
94.4
103.5
112.9
101.0
95.0
104.5
113.7
90.9
68.7
53.4
92.8
93.7
99.9
101.0
91.1
115.6
95.2
103.6
111.0
89.8
68.0
54.0
94.1
103.7
112.6
89.6
68.9
54.2
94.9
104.5
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
111.8
90.0
67.9
54.6
112.9
90.0
68.5
54.5
91.1
90.7
91.5
54.1
91.8
91.2
91.9
100.6
100.6
89.1
113.1
99.9
91.5
113.1
85.3
85.7
85.4
100.0
92.3
113.7
84.8
101.0
100.8
98.2
100.8
75.7
80.7
84.6
98.4
100.7
77.0
81.3
98.2
100.4
74.3
80.6
84.2
101.7
91.3
90.0
100.6
100.2
90.9
111.8
91.6
91.4
100.8
100.2
102.1
136.1
84.5
102.3
136.2
98.5
83.7
98.4
84.5
117.6
118.6
98.0
100.5
77.5
80.2
83.8
102.1
136.7
98.5
84.1
117.9
54.8
54.9
137.6
137.2
98.7
100.3
93.6
114.8
84.8
89.9
114.5
84.7
98.6
101.7
75.1
80.6
98.8
102.6
76.5
80.5
84.4
98.4
101.5
76.7
83.8
101.9
137.3
101.9
137.3
137.4
99.4
92.5
93.4
98.8
101.5
91.7
115.0
68.6
52.4
92.2
93.9
99.7
101.2
91.1
116.4
86.4
86.1
87.1
98.9
101.5
73.4
80.6
84.9
99.3
102.2
99.5
102.9
69.6
100.1
103.8
73.0
101.7
138.3
101.9
81.0
85.4
102.3
138.5
100.4
82.2
82.1
86.8
102.4
138.2
74.1
80.4
85.5
113.1
89.5
68.2
52.3
91.7
93.9
98.5
100.3
90.3
116.1
86.4
89.7
68.2
51.8
90.7
93.8
98.1
99.2
88.7
115.8
85.5
99.6
103.6
69.6
81.5
85.3
102.3
137.8
99.5
103.7
66.5
81.5
84.9
102.1
139.0
82.7
119.3
118.6
119.5
138.4
100.0
83.3
120.0
55.3
54.6
55.2
56.1
57.0
56.1
56.0
54.7
55.5
138.8
139.6
139.2
140.3
140.9
140.6
141.2
142.6
141.5
141.9
113.7
114.1
114.6
114.7
115.5
116.4
116.2
116.2
118.6
117.6
117.9
123.3
122.8
123.8
124.2
124.2
124.9
125.3
125.9
126.4
127.2
126.1
126.7
126.5
125.5
125.9
126.5
126.0
126.7
127.2
126.7
126.9
127.7
127.1
127.1
140.9
141.6
142.1
140.8
141.8
143.8
141.9
142.5
163.2
164.3
166.4
166.1
167.3
168.9
167.6
168.1
84.1
117.8
118.5
54.9
55.4
138.7
138.1
113.4
113.7
122.7
125.4
160.9
79.5
84.2
102.1
91.8
115.3
85.9
68.9
53.6
93.9
103.4
112.3
99.9
81.2
99.0
83.5
141.5
162.4
140.1
162.1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.
138
100.8
92.7
114.8
84.0
99.5
84.1
140.2
68.8
53.1
90.5
Junef
140.6
164.0
141.2
165.8
100.8
83.1
119.9
100.9
82.9
119.9
119.6
100.7
81.8
118.9
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, ail seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988
1989
Industry
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb
Mar.
Apr.
$9.54
$9.61
Mayp
June1
Average) hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4
$9.27
$9.31
$9.32
$9.37
$9.43
$9.42
$9.45
$9.49
$9.52
$9.61
$9.62
(2)
0
(2)
(2)
0
(2)
0
O
(2)
O
0
0
0
$12.97 $13.05 $13.03 $13.07 $13.08 $13.10 $13.15 $13.18 $13.22 $13.26 $13.33 $13.33 $13.35
10.42
10.40
10.40
10.37
10.33
10.31
10.30
10.25 10.29
10.21
10.18
10.18
10.45
9.92
9.92
9.89
9.87
9.85
9.83
9.80
9.78
9.75
9.72
9.71
9.97
9.99
12.52
12.48 12.50
12.45
12.36
12.39
12.41
12.37
12.37
12.35
12.32
12.55 12.54
10.19
10.11
10.06
10.03 10.14
9.95
9.98
9.90
10.18
10.21
10.36
10.27
10.30
6.45
6.44
6.43
6.40
6.38
6.36
6.33
6.32
6.30
6.47
6.51
6.49
6.52
9.54
9.36
9.35
9.40
9.35
9.26
9.35
9.18
9.09
9.11
9.01
9.44
9.49
9.34
9.32
9.24
9.19
9.15
9.10
9.05
9.07
9.00
8.95
8.93
8.87
9.33
4.84
4.84
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.82
4.82
4.81
4.81
4.80
4.80
4.77
Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .
321.67 323.99 322.47 325.14 328.16 326.87 327.92 330.25 329.39 331.04 335.39 332.51 332.85
167.89 168.39 166.82 167.68 168.55 167.28 167.39 167.55 166.44 166.44 167.53 165.18
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
?
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.
139
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
Average hourly earnings
May
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Average weekly earnings
May
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
$377.07
382.12
437.41
$375.33
375.44
439.67
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.2
40.5
41.4
$8.97
9.10
10.58
$9.13
9.23
10.54
$9.11
9.27
10.62
$370.46
373.10
431.66
Alaska
36.6
48.4
45.8
13.60
12.55
12.86
497.76
607.42
588.99
Arizona
41.4
40.9
40.7
9.77
9.86
404.48
403.27
402.52
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
41.1
40.4
41.0
40.7
43.5
40.6
41.6
41.2
41.1
44.2
40.9
42.8
40.3
41.0
43.6
8.10
7.14
8.75
8.48
10.69
8.20
7.34
8.66
8.59
10.75
8.16
7.32
8.64
8.68
10.63
332.91
288.46
358.75
345.14
465.02
332.92
305.34
356.79
353.05
475.15
333.74
313.30
348.19
355.88
463.47
Colorado
Denver
40.8
40.9
39.7
39.6
40.1
40.4
10.21
10.54
10.53
10.98
10.66
11.10
416.57
431.09
418.04
437.00
427.47
448.44
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
41.5
42.2
42.6
42.3
40.5
40.6
43.5
42.0
42.3
42.2
42.9
41.0
42.5
43.1
41.8
42.4
42.2
42.0
40.4
42.7
42.9
10.80
11.17
11.20
11.07
10.23
12.00
9.50
11.15
11.50
11.83
11.47
10.56
12.37
10.02
11.16
11.50
11.89
11.50
10.62
12.25
10.08
448.20
471.37
477.12
468.26
414.32
487.20
413.25
468.30
486.45
499.23
492.06
432.96
525.73
431.86
466.49
487.60
501.76
483.00
429.05
523.08
432.43
Delaware
Wilmington
39.5
39.9
40.1
40.3
40.1
41.0
10.63
13.21
10.77
12.95
10.79
12.85
419.89
527.08
431.88
521.89
432.68
526.85
District of Columbia:
Washington MSA
38.8
40.1
39.4
11.21
11.81
11.78
434.95
473.58
464.13
40.9
41.4
40.5
39.6
41.0
42.7
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.1
39.8
39.4
41.3
42.6
40.6
41.1
40.6
41.0
40.4
39.0
40.7
42.8
40.5
40.6
8.32
8.23
9.17
7.11
8.66
10.67
7.95
9.16
8.63
8.62
9.41
7.37
9.50
10.85
8.58
9.44
8.64
8.58
9.29
7.41
9.63
11.02
8.59
9.39
340.29
340.72
371.39
281.56
355.06
455.61
323.57
372.81
350.38
354.28
374.52
290.38
392.35
462.21
348.35
387.98
350.78
351.78
375.32
288.99
391.94
471.66
347.90
381.23
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
41.1
41.5
48.6
40.7
40.7
47.9
40.5
40.8
47.5
10.28
11.33
8.72
10.05
11.68
8.74
10.15
11.64
357.16
426.62
550.64
354.90
409.04
559.47
353.97
414.12
552.90
Hawaii
39.2
39.3
39.7
40.8
39.1
39.7
9.81
9.85
10.23
10.44
10.27
10.44
384.55
387.11
406.13
425.95
401.56
414.47
37.7
38.9
38.3
9.70
9.94
9.97
365.69
386.67
381.85
41.7
41.8
39.7
39.4
42.3
40.0
41.3
41.3
40.5
40.6
45.9
42.9
41.5
41.6
41.9
44.5
38.4
41.7
39.8
43.2
41.4
42.3
40.9
43.3
42.2
40.1
41.5
41.3
40.3
38.4
41.5
40.9
42.6
42.1
41.6
40.5
43.8
42.2
39.8
11.03
10.45
11.43
9.08
10.75
12.57
14.11
12.06
10.60
11.39
13.45
11.79
11.70
11.19
10.39
12.66
9.53
10.79
12.48
14.66
12.34
11.14
11.71
13.80
11.91
11.44
11.19
10.45
11.58
9.50
10.83
12.61
14.58
12.42
11.04
11.65
13.79
11.92
11.44
459.95
436.81
453.77
357.75
454.73
502.80
582.74
498.08
429.30
462.43
617.36
505.79
485.55
465.50
435.34
563.37
365.95
449.94
496.70
633.31
510.88
471.22
478.94
597.54
502.60
458.74
464.39
431.59
466.67
364.80
449.45
515.75
621.11
522.88
459.26
471.83
604.00
503.02
455.31
41.9
41.1
41.0
11.43
11.58
11.56
478.92
475.94
473.96
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
California
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.
140
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
May
1988
Apr.
May
1989P
$10.88
12.44
11.80
11.78
8.31
$439.71
478.40
504.06
489.63
305.24
$441.57
473.93
488.46
486.00
284.09
$441.73
492.62
474.36
465.31
287.53
10.45
11.27
11.33
10.51
11.19
11.32
410.06
498.33
424.51
421.14
491.37
472.46
427.76
492.36
481.10
10.11
10.26
11.72
10.27
10.75
11.80
10.25
10.73
11.66
408.44
404.24
489.90
414.91
424.63
483.80
413.08
423.84
480.39
42.3
42.2
40.5
42.6
10.86
12.81
10.31
11.47
11.04
12.82
10.75
10.99
10.94
13.04
10.59
10.74
453.95
540.58
416.52
465.68
459.26
552.54
438.60
437.40
462.76
550.29
428.90
457.52
40.2
39.2
39.6
40.2
39.1
40.0
9.24
7.97
9.59
9.69
8.11
10.22
9.76
8.17
10.28
381.61
330.76
394.15
389.54
317.91
404.71
392.35
319.45
411.20
41.2
41.2
41.4
41.5
41.1
41.4
10.47
11.22
10.88
11.39
10.83
11.34
431.36
462.26
450.43
472.69
445.11
469.48
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
40.7
41.5
42.6
40.4
40.9
40.5
42.4
41.5
40.8
40.5
42.3
41.3
10.12
10.93
9.73
10.33
10.60
11.32
9.91
10.76
10.65
11.33
9.94
10.84
411.88
453.60
414.50
417.33
433.54
458.46
420.18
446.54
434.52
458.87
420.46
447.69
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
43.7
46.4
41.8
44.9
43.4
41.2
42.9
42.6
44.4
41.0
44.3
43.7
45.2
42.2
44.4
46.4
41.0
42.5
42.6
42.7
40.9
44.2
43.3
45.3
42.4
43.9
45.6
41.2
41.9
42.4
42.0
40.9
44.1
13.54
14.72
13.84
14.50
16.69
11.32
9.98
12.32
15.02
11.97
15.21
13.66
14.35
14.18
14.60
17.25
11.69
10.79
13.04
14.88
12.35
15.42
13.63
14.32
14.25
14.50
17.51
11.63
10.87
12.93
14.80
12.39
15.27
591.70
683.01
578.51
651.05
724.35
466.38
428.14
524.83
490.77
673.80
596.94
648.62
598.40
648.24
800.40
479.29
458.57
555.50
635.38
505.11
681.56
590.18
648.70
604.20
636.55
798.46
479.16
455.45
548.23
621.60
506.75
673.41
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
40.2
39.3
40.5
39.3
40.4
37.8
40.6
37.2
40.0
39.3
40.3
37.8
10.58
11.15
11.19
9.74
10.80
11.31
11.42
9.92
10.81
11.31
11.42
9.87
425.32
438.20
453.20
382.78
436.32
427.52
463.65
369.02
432.40
444.48
460.23
373.09
Mississippi
Jackson
40.0
40.4
39.7
40.4
39.6
40.3
7.83
8.88
8.00
8.92
8.02
8.98
313.20
358.75
317.60
360.37
317.59
361.89
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
40.8
40.8
41.2
39.4
40.8
40.3
41.3
40.2
40.8
40.2
41.5
39.4
10.13
11.43
11.76
8.42
10.43
11.54
12.21
8.66
10.44
11.56
12.18
8.72
413.30
466.34
484.51
331.75
425.54
465.06
504.27
348.13
425.95
464.71
505.47
343.57
Montana
39.1
41.4
39.4
10.65
10.90
10.83
416.42
451.26
426.70
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
40.7
40.5
41.6
40.2
38.8
41.1
40.3
39.4
41.9
9.45
9.92
10.15
9.52
9.99
10.26
9.55
9.96
10.28
384.62
401.76
422.24
382.70
387.61
421.69
384.87
392.42
430.73
Nevada
Las Vegas
39.6
39.8
41.1
42.6
41.6
43.2
10.00
12.35
10.22
12.73
10.27
12.41
396.00
491.53
420.04
542.30
427.23
536.11
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester
40.6
40.2
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.1
42.3
41.0
40.6
39.9
41.7
41.7
9.61
9.96
11.57
9.30
10.15
10.35
12.12
9.74
10.14
10.37
11.99
9.80
390.17
400.39
475.53
383.16
415.14
415.04
512.68
399.34
411.68
413.76
499.98
408.66
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
41.6
40.0
41.9
41.6
36.6
41.0
39.2
41.5
40.5
33.7
40.6
39.6
40.2
39.5
34.6
$10.57
11.96
12.03
11.77
8.34
$10.77
12.09
11.77
12.00
8.43
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
40.6
44.1
40.2
40.3
43.6
41.7
40.7
44.0
42.5
10.10
11.30
10.56
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
40.4
39.4
41.8
40.4
39.5
41.0
40.3
39.5
41.2
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
41.8
42.2
40.4
40.6
41.6
43.1
40.8
39.8
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
41.3
41.5
41.1
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
May
1989P
See footnotes at end of table.
141
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls In States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
May
Apr.
1989
40.9
$10.81
$11.24
40.1
40.2
40.2
40.4
8.83
9.22
39.8
40.7
40.0
42.9
41.7
39.4
37.1
36.9
42.4
39.1
40.9
42.5
35.3
42.2
41.1
39.8
40.2
40.5
40.4
42.5
42.4
40.0
37.9
37.6
41.6
37.2
39.8
42.7
38.8
41.8
40.5
40.2
39.9
41.4
40.0
42.3
42.1
39.7
37.5
37.1
41.7
37.8
39.6
42.6
38.5
41.3
40.5
40.4
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
40.2
41.2
40.3
39.7
41.3
40.5
42.1
41.0
39.3
41.1
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
39.1
38.1
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Average weekly earnings
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
$11.28
$442.13
$459.72
$461.35
8.74
9.29
8.69
9.30
358.50
377.10
350.47
373.46
349.34
375.72
10.36
10.82
9.51
12.31
9.90
10.99
9.75
9.48
13.33
8.09
9.91
12.37
11.30
11.78
9.69
11.45
10.64
11.08
9.87
12.73
10.11
11.64
9.86
9.70
13.90
8.90
10.61
12.52
10.51
12.11
9.81
11.09
10.64
10.66
9.89
12.71
9.94
11.60
9.93
9.79
13.95
8.81
10.67
12.43
10.32
12.11
9.79
11.06
412.33
440.37
380.40
528.10
412.83
433.01
361.73
349.81
565.19
316.32
405.32
525.73
398.89
497.12
398.26
455.71
427.73
448.74
398.75
541.03
428.66
465.60
373.69
364.72
578.24
331.08
422.28
534.60
407.79
506.20
397.31
445.82
424.54
441.32
395.60
537.63
418.47
460.52
372.38
363.21
581.72
333.02
422.53
529.52
397.32
500.14
396.50
446.82
40.6
41.7
40.8
39.5
41.2
8.08
8.13
8.36
8.99
9.11
8.38
8.32
8.75
9.13
9.24
8.39
8.38
8.75
9.17
9.34
324.82
334.96
336.91
356.90
376.24
339.39
350.27
358.75
358.81
379.76
340.63
349.45
357.00
362.22
384.81
38.9
39.8
40.0
38.0
8.43
8.40
8.68
8.63
8.90
8.64
329.61
320.04
337.65
343.47
356.00
328.32
43.0
43.3
43.2
42.1
43.4
41.4
43.7
42.4
43.7
42.7
42.3
42.2
42.8
43.3
41.5
43.1
42.9
42.6
42.8
42.6
42.0
42.6
43.1
41.5
42.8
44.3
43.2
12.01
11.66
11.39
11.06
11.83
11.60
12.61
13.04
13.58
12.21
11.47
11.76
11.48
11.99
11.92
12.88
13.09
13.76
12.24
11.46
11.78
11.40
11.98
11.97
12.82
13.38
13.83
516.43
504.88
492.05
465.63
513.42
480.24
551.06
552.90
593.45
521.37
485.18
496.27
491.34
519.17
494.68
555.13
561.56
586.18
523.87
488.20
494.76
485.64
516.34
496.76
548.70
592.73
597.46
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
41.1
41.0
41.2
41.5
43.8
41.3
41.4
42.0
41.7
10.29
11.59
10.78
10.78
11.88
10.90
10.52
11.36
10.89
422.92
475.19
444.14
447.37
520.34
450.17
435.53
477.12
454.11
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
38.6
39.5
39.0
36.9
40.4
41.5
40.4
38.7
39.6
40.5
39.9
38.1
10.73
10.62
10.91
9.37
10.83
10.72
10.91
9.73
10.83
10.68
10.90
9.75
414.18
419.49
425.49
345.75
437.53
444.88
440.76
376.55
428.87
432.54
434.91
371.48
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
40.8
40.3
40.0
42.6
42.7
39.1
39.5
39.9
40.2
41.9
40.6
39.9
39.8
43.5
42.0
40.0
39.2
40.3
40.3
41.9
40.5
39.1
40.0
43.2
42.5
39.3
39.7
40.1
40.3
41.6
10.19
10.39
8.66
10.68
10.39
9.40
8.40
9.97
11.19
11.20
10.50
10.63
9.17
10.69
10.66
9.76
8.36
10.58
11.64
11.31
10.52
10.54
9.24
10.97
10.73
9.87
8.34
10.56
11.64
11.27
415.75
418.72
346.40
454.97
443.65
367.54
331.80
397.80
449.84
469.28
426.30
424.14
364.97
465.02
447.72
390.40
327.71
426.37
469.09
473.89
426.06
412.11
369.60
473.90
456.03
387.89
331.10
423.46
469.09
468.83
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
40.9
40.9
New Mexico
Albuquerque
40.6
40.9
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
See footnotes at end of table.
142
May
1988
May
1989P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
40.7
38.5
40.7
42.6
40.2
38.4
39.4
41.3
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
39.5
40.2
39.2
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
Average hourly earnings
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
40.8
38.6
40.1
41.4
$10.64
8.85
8.86
9.74
$11.15
39.2
40.1
38.9
39.1
40.1
38.8
8.45
8.08
8.50
41.2
40.9
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.4
41.2
40.9
41.1
41.1
41.2
40.8
South Dakota
Sioux Falls
41.9
45.1
42.9
43.7
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
41.4
40.8
43.0
41.0
42.3
41.5
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
Average weekly earnings
May
Apr.
May
$11.02
9.15
9.40
10.12
$433.05
340.73
360.60
414.92
$448.23
350.21
371.94
418.78
$449.62
353.19
376.94
418.97
9.02
8.66
8.67
9.03
8.68
333.78
324.82
333.20
353.58
347.27
337.26
353.07
348.07
337.17
8.27
9.13
8.31
8.23
8.57
9.32
8.71
8.49
8.59
9.34
8.74
8.53
340.72
373.42
341.54
338.25
353.08
385.85
358.85
347.24
353.05
383.87
360.09
348.02
41.7
43.2
7.98
8.16
8.25
8.67
8.21
8.63
334.36
368.02
353.93
378.88
342.36
372.82
40.8
41.3
41.4
39.4
42.4
41.6
41.6
41.3
39.1
42.3
41.6
8.21
9.43
9.04
9.02
10.28
9.18
8.21
9.64
9.01
9.37
10.63
9.27
8.26
9.95
9.00
9.36
10.76
368.05
334.97
405.49
370.64
381.55
426.62
374.54
339.07
399.10
354.99
397.29
442.21
379.14
343.62
410.94
351.90
395.93
447.62
41.4
41.6
41.5
43.8
41.3
42.0
42.1
41.6
43.0
40.1
41.7
41.9
40.7
43.3
41.6
9.92
9.74
10.58
11.22
7.52
10.17
9.98
10.98
11.73
7.54
10.14
10.05
10.88
11.75
7.55
410.69
405.18
439.07
491.44
310.58
427.14
420.16
456.77
504.39
302.35
422.84
421.10
442.82
508.78
314.08
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
39.8
40.1
39.3
40.1
39.2
40.1
9.87
9.91
10.00
10.03
10.09
10.03
392.83
397.39
393.00
402.20
395.53
402.20
Vermont
Burlington
40.8
41.8
41.0
41.0
40.6
39.1
9.21
9.56
9.91
10.26
10.31
375.77
399.61
406.31
420.66
405.19
403.12
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
40.8
43.2
40.9
42.1
39.7
40.1
41.4
40.2
41.1
40.2
41.9
41.5
41.9
40.2
41.0
40.1
41.1
40.9
41.9
41.5
40.5
39.7
40.1
40.4
9.35
7.88
7.77
8.60
8.68
10.38
12.08
9.29
9.52
8.10
7.95
8.61
9.16
11.07
12.32
9.65
9.52
7.99
7.96
8.65
9.18
10.95
12.07
9.53
381.48
340.42
317.79
362.06
344.60
416.24
500.11
373.46
391.27
325.62
333.11
357.32
383.80
445.01
505.12
386.97
391.27
326.79
333.52
358.98
371.79
434.72
484.01
385.01
9.12
9.44
10.14
Washington
40.5
40.6
41.0
11.66
12.22
12.07
472.23
496.13
494.87
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
40.9
43.5
41.0
43.1
41.3
41.0
44.5
41.7
41.8
40.4
41.4
43.3
41.2
42.4
40.8
10.72
13.42
12.36
12.59
11.71
11.04
13.95
12.43
12.88
12.25
11.08
14.12
12.53
12.93
12.23
438.45
583.77
506.76
542.63
483.62
452.64
620.78
518.33
538.38
494.90
458.71
611.40
516.24
548.23
498.98
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
41.4
42.9
40.2
41.2
42.3
41.9
39.0
40.4
40.8
40.7
42.8
41.4
44.0
41.6
40.4
42.4
40.3
39.3
41.2
40.9
39.5
42.4
41.2
43.6
41.3
40.1
42.9
39.0
40.3
40.6
40.6
38.7
42.1
10.69
11.24
10.80
11.54
13.05
13.04
9.19
10.13
11.61
10.84
10.09
10.72
11.66
10.50
11.52
13.27
12.40
9.69
10.15
11.51
10.89
10.23
10.77
11.76
10.47
11.73
13.46
12.42
10.03
10.20
11.56
11.01
10.12
442.57
482.20
434.16
475.45
552.02
546.38
358.41
409.25
473.69
441.19
431.85
443.81
513.04
436.80
465.41
562.65
499.72
380.82
418.18
470.76
430.16
433.75
443.72
512.74
432.41
470.37
577.43
484.38
404.21
414.12
469.34
426.09
426.05
Wyoming
37.2
38.9
38.3
9.95
10.27
10.26
370.14
399.50
392.96
Puerto Rico
39.0
39.9
39.1
5.50
5.66
5.61
214.50
225.83
219.35
Virgin Islands
40.4
41.6
41.5
9.59
10.40
10.42
387.44
432.64
432.43
1
Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
p
publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March
benchmarks.
143
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers In nonagricultural establishments by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
June 1988
to
June 1989"
Apr. 1989
to
May 1989r
May 1989
to
June 1989P
200,960
2.3
-0.6
0.1
165,191
165,569
2.4
1,605
10,413
42,075
25,090
16,985
11,808
12,373
29,467
12,791
46,086
1,574
10,197
41,873
24,944
16,928
11,743
12,244
29,318
12,612
45,632
1,561
10,267
41,812
24,879
16,934
11,819
12,303
29,309
12,679
45,819
-2.9
.5
.9
.5
-1.9
-.9
.7
35,487
35,667
35,391
1.7
Apr.
1989r
May
1989r
June
1989P
202,104
200,858
166,618
1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,
144
Percent change
1.4
4.0
3.4
1.6
1.8
4.6
-2.1
-.5
-.6
-.3
-.5
-1.0
-.5
-1.4
-1.0
-.1
-.3
.0
.7
.5
.0
.5
.4
.5
-.8
nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977=100)
Quarterly index
Annual average
1986
Item
1987
1987
1988
1989
1988
III
IV
II
III
IV
IV
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5
112.2
139.4
124.3
199.4
102.1
177.8
172.0
175.7
110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.6
167.3
166.6
167.0
109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.1
169.6
163.7
167.5
109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.4
170.5
165.6
168.7
110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.1
170.8
168.7
170.1
111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.3
171.1
171.5
171.2
111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
101.9
173.5
168.9
171.9
112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
101.9
173.5
170.0
172.3
111.8
138.8
124.1
198.1
102.0
177.1
170.4
174.7
112.3
139.8
124.5
201.1
102.4
179.0
172.7
176.8
112.0
140.9
125.8
203.2
102.3
181.4
174.6
179.0
112.5
142.7
126.8
205.9
102.3
183.0
176.1
180.5
109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5
110.6
139.9
126.6
198.0
101.4
179.1
173.9
177.3
108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0
107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.7
172.1
164.9
169.5
107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
100.9
172.9
167.2
170.9
108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.5
173.0
169.8
171.9
109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.7
173.3
173.0
173.2
109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0
110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.3
175.7
171.6
174.2
110.1
139.2
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.6
171.8
176.2
110.7
140.5
126.9
199.4
101.5
180.2
173.9
178.0
110.9
142.1
128.1
201.9
101.7
182.0
177.9
180.6
110.6
142.9
129.2
204.6
101.7
185.0
176.6
182.0
132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
99.7
141.7
136.2
138.1
101.4
193.5
99.1
142.1
128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.4
143.4
128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8
130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.7
143.1
131.7
128.7
132.8
131.1
97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0
133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
98.9
141.3
134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.3
142.1
135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.8
137.2
139.3
101.5
194.4
99.0
141.6
137.8
141.1
102.4
196.8
99.1
142.9
138.5
142.0
102.6
198.8
98.8
143.6
138.5
136.0
133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0
135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.1
136.4
136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.1
135.3
138.1
134.2
98.2
185.2
98.8
133.7
143.2
145.0
101.3
191.7
98.2
133.9
97.2
184.4
98.7
133.5
139.1
136.5
98.2
185.3
98.3
133.2
140.0
139.9
99.9
186.2
97.8
133.0
141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.7
134.1
142.7
144.0
100.9
190.1
97.9
133.3
144.2
146.4
101.5
192.3
97.9
133.4
144.6
148.3
102.6
194.8
98.1
134.7
145.2
149.0
102.6
196.9
97.9
135.7
122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4
125.8
127.8
101.6
196.8
100.8
156.5
119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.7
156.0
119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.7
156.5
120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.8
156.4
122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.5
155.0
123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5
123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.8
155.8
123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.6
156.0
124.8
126.4
101.3
195.7
100.8
156.8
126.9
128.8
101.5
197.9
100.8
156.0
127.5
130.3
102.2
200.2
100.8
157.0
128.5
131.7
102.5
202.0
100.4
157.2
111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8
112.8
141.7
125.6
193.1
98.9
175.0
171.1
186.5
132.2
169.9
109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.5
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2
110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.0
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1
110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.0
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9
110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.6
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4
112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1
112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.0
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7
113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
98.9
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9
112.9
141.2
125.0
191.9
98.8
173.8
170.0
185.1
132.6
168.8
112.7
142.0
126.1
194.5
99.0
176.4
172.6
187.8
129.6
170.8
112.7
143.6
127.4
196.6
99.0
178.3
174.4
189.6
133.9
172.9
112.4
144.1
128.2
199.1
99.0
181.1
177.2
192.7
123.4
174.2
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
NOTE: Beginning in August, the hours measures used in the
productivity and costs series will be based on hours at work. Until this
time, data based on hours paid have been used. The difference between
hours paid and hours at work is hours of paid vacation, holidays, and sick
leave. The new series will be carried back to 1947.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
145
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year
Previous quarter
Item
IV
1987
1988
1988
III
1988
IV
1988
1989
IV
1987
I
1988
II
1988
III
1988
IV
1988
1989
0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4
3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.0
.2
2.5
1.0
-3.4
2.4
6.0
4.8
.3
8.5
1.0
5.8
1.7
2.8
1.1
6.2
1.4
4.4
5.3
4.7
-1.0
3.3
4.3
4.3
-.2
5.4
4.7
5.1
1.7
5.1
3.4
5.4
.0
3.6
3.4
3.6
1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6
2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1
1.1
5.0
3.9
4.8
.9
3.7
1.0
2.7
0.6
4.1
3.5
5.2
1.0
4.6
.7
3.2
0.2
3.5
3.3
4.7
.4
4.6
3.4
4.1
-0.3
3.4
3.7
5.2
.4
5.5
3.6
4.8
3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
-.1
.1
1.6
.6
-2.4
4.0
6.6
4.2
-.3
6.8
.7
4.7
2.0
3.5
1.5
5.7
.9
3.7
4.8
4.1
1.0
4.8
3.7
5.2
.7
4.1
9.6
6.0
-1.1
2.2
3.4
5.4
.0
6.6
-3.0
3.2
1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.3
2.1
3.6
2.6
2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.4
1.6
2.6
1.9
1.4
5.6
4.1
4.6
.7
3.2
1.2
2.5
1.0
4.7
3.8
5.0
.8
4.0
.5
2.8
1.0
4.5
3.5
4.7
.3
3.6
4.1
3.8
-.2
3.6
3.8
5.1
.3
5.3
2.9
4.5
3.7
5.8
2.0
3.0
-1.5
-.7
5.2
7.1
1.8
4.8
.0
-.5
1.6
5.1
3.5
5.1
.6
3.5
2.1
6.1
2.1
-1.5
.8
3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
1.8
2.2
-1.3
2.0
3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7
3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7
2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3
3.3
6.2
2.8
3.8
-.3
.5
3.4
5.6
2.2
4.6
.2
1.1
3.1
5.2
2.0
4.2
-.5
1.0
2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7
3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.4
3.2
3.8
7.7
3.8
1.4
-3.0
-2.3
4.3
6.8
2.4
4.7
.0
.5
1.2
5.3
4.1
5.3
.8
4.0
1.6
1.8
.3
4.4
-.9
2.8
1.1
-3.2
-2.5
3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9
3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2
3.6
7.2
3.4
3.8
-.3
.1
3.3
6.0
2.7
4.6
.3
1.3
2.7
5.4
2.6
4.0
-.8
1.2
-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2
-1.4
3.4
2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.7
3.2
2.7
-.5
5.2
.6
2.0
6.8
7.7
3.1
4.4
1.3
3.6
-.1
-2.0
2.0
4.8
2.7
4.7
.2
2.6
-1.7
.5
3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.8
-.5
3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3
2.0
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.1
2.7
4.6
1.8
3.7
-.4
1.0
3.5
5.0
1.4
4.3
.0
.8
3.7
4.9
1.1
4.5
-.2
.8
-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5
4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.6
-1.0
-1.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
-.3
5.3
5.9
3.7
.3
4.8
-.8
2.5
3.3
5.5
.8
6.3
6.4
6.1
-8.9
4.8
.2
4.5
4.2
4.6
.1
4.2
4.3
3.8
14.1
5.0
-1.3
1.4
2.7
5.2
-.2
6.6
6.5
6.8
-27.8
3.0
1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4
-.9
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6
3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.2
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2
1.8
5.9
4.1
4.1
.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.1
.4
4.3
3.9
4.5
.5
4.3
3.7
4.3
.0
3.7
3.8
3.3
4.3
3.7
-.9
2.8
3.7
4.9
.1
5.6
5.8
5.1
-6.9
4.4
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8
Manufacturing
1.3
7.5
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
2.8
.7
4.1
-1.8
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
3.7
6.1
2.3
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
.9
4.6
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
;
-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3
NOTE: Beginning in August, the hours measures used in the
productivity and costs series will be based on hours at work. Until this
time, data based on hours paid have been used. The difference between
146
.3
3.7
4.0
2.7
-5.0
2.8
hours paid and hours at work is hours of paid vacation, holidays, and sick
leave. The new series will be carried back to 1947.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
119.2
23.1
5.7
16.5
8.3
3.9
6.5
5.4
4.6
8.2
6.1
5.0
6.7
5.6
4.5
8.6
5.8
5.0
6.3
5.2
4.2
7.9
6.0
5.3
20.1
18.6
10.0
8.5
7.7
109.0
54.2
16.9
91.9
46.7
15.0
80.7
40.4
12.9
6.6
5.2
5.4
5.4
4.4
4.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
1,176.1
63.9
94.6
278.2
39.1
92.8
2.6
5.9
18.5
3.2
101.3
2.8
8.3
20.8
3.6
94.3
2.7
7.9
20.2
3.4
8.3
4.3
6.3
7.0
8.7
8.7
4.4
8.9
7.6
9.4
8.0
4.2
8.4
7.3
8.6
14,051.5
1,358.3
227.4
305.6
4,098.9
151.9
1,081.5
358.2
950.4
717.5
1,147.1
875.6
833.5
178.0
191.6
193.5
193.4
14,259.3
1,373.7
231.2
309.9
4,141.9
164.0
1,097.3
362.8
966.0
726.9
1,159.7
889.4
842.2
181.1
194.1
203.0
197.3
810.0
44.8
25.3
37.6
212.4
23.7
55.7
18.5
59.7
42.1
52.9
34.9
37.2
8.4
10.1
21.2
11.5
723.6
40.7
24.3
32.8
177.7
20.7
47.3
16.0
53.7
37.0
44.8
29.8
33.1
7.4
9.1
19.7
10.5
735.5
42.1
22.3
30.1
191.3
21.7
49.7
17.2
57.2
37.6
47.5
31.1
33.9
7.7
8.9
19.7
10.5
5.8
3.3
11.0
12.1
5.2
14.6
5.2
5.3
6.3
6.0
4.7
4.0
4.5
4.7
5.2
10.4
6.0
5.1
3.0
10.7
10.7
4.3
13.6
4.4
4.5
5.7
5.2
3.9
3.4
4.0
4.2
4.7
10.2
5.4
5.2
3.1
9.6
9.7
4.6
13.2
4.5
4.7
5.9
5.2
4.1
3.5
4.0
4.2
4.6
9.7
5.3
1,687.9
130.5
878.5
1,633.1
125.8
836.2
1,640.0
127.0
845.7
105.2
5.7
50.0
110.7
6.7
50.9
99.5
5.9
47.6
6.2
4.4
5.7
6.8
5.3
6.1
6.1
4.7
5.6
1,772.8
234.8
430.9
72.8
278.5
117.3
100.4
1,779.9
234.6
432.1
73.6
281.1
116.5
102.6
1,782.3
234.8
431.7
73.7
282.9
116.2
102.3
42.8
7.0
9.4
1.8
6.4
2.0
3.0
51.3
8.7
11.0
2.5
7.5
2.5
3.8
51.7
8.8
11.3
2.4
7.9
2.4
3.8
2.4
3.0
2.2
2.4
2.3
1.7
3.0
2.9
3.7
2.5
3.3
2.7
2.1
3.7
2.9
3.7
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.0
3.7
348.0
300.3
355.6
305.4
357.1
304.7
9.7
10.0
10.4
9.3
10.6
9.5
2.8
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.1
District of Columbia
Washington
333.5
2,191.4
327.4
2,230.0
325.1
2,239.5
16.1
63.9
20.1
60.4
17.8
61.1
4.8
2.9
6.1
2.7
5.5
2.7
Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
6,114.6
153.2
634.9
139.7
459.2
184.0
940.7
580.6
149.8
122.8
130.0
999.9
402.4
6,196.7
155.6
639.4
147.3
458.5
186.4
950.3
585.3
146.1
124.3
130.5
1,002.6
429.8
6,247.2
155.3
641.6
146.8
462.9
189.4
959.2
591.5
148.4
124.8
131.3
1,014.5
427.5
288.7
6.6
25.9
4.8
23.5
8.9
48.3
26.4
8.8
3.5
5.2
43.3
17.9
316.4
8.6
31.2
5.6
24.8
9.1
57.7
27.1
9.0
4.4
4.9
47.0
21.6
386.5
9.4
37.6
6.1
29.5
11.1
68.4
35.4
10.9
5.1
6.3
57.2
27.4
4.7
4.3
4.1
3.4
5.1
4.8
5.1
4.5
5.8
2.9
4.0
4.3
4.4
5.1
5.5
4.9
3.8
5.4
4.9
6.1
4.6
6.1
3.6
3.7
4.7
5.0
6.2
6.1
5.9
4.2
6.4
5.8
7.1
6.0
7.3
4.1
4.8
5.6
6.4
May
1988
Apr.
1989
1,872.8
434.7
131.5
207.6
136.5
69.1
1,892.1
440.8
134.8
209.1
136.9
71.7
1,906.9
444.3
137.1
209.6
138.2
72.3
121.7
23.7
6.1
17.1
8.3
3.5
126.1
24.8
6.0
18.0
7.9
3.6
241.9
236.0
240.2
24.1
1,659.4
1,033.0
313.6
1,705.1
1,056.1
323.6
1,742.0
1,079.6
330.2
1,121.7
60.9
93.0
263.0
37.1
1,159.1
63.2
93.9
274.0
38.7
13,980.7
1,344.9
230.9
310.2
4,078.4
162.1
1,060.5
351.6
944.1
698.4
1,113.8
876.4
836.0
179.6
192.7
203.7
191.0
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Delaware
Wilmington
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
May
1989P
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989?
See footnotes at end of table.
147
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
Apr.
1989
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989P
167.4
3.2
74.4
9.5
5.2
6.8
5.5
6.1
4.3
5.3
6.7
6.8
6.1
7.2
5.5
4.2
5.2
5.4
5.4
4.7
5.4
5.2
4.2
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.1
4.9
17.1
11.0
16.6
11.0
3.4
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.2
2.9
28.1
4.1
26.1
3.7
24.2
3.8
5.9
3.9
5.4
3.3
5.0
3.4
5,877.8
187.2
71.5
91.7
3,239.5
179.8
59.1
197.6
45.3
289.1
159.4
147.6
110.2
392.4
8.8
3.6
3.5
205.8
13.0
5.2
14.8
4.3
11.6
10.5
10.7
5.3
336.9
8.7
3.4
3.5
171.8
10.6
4.2
12.3
3.6
10.5
8.9
8.7
5.0
348.0
9.2
3.4
3.5
182.6
10.8
4.2
13.1
3.5
10.7
9.2
8.5
5.1
6.9
5.0
5.4
4.0
6.6
7.3
9.0
7.7
9.8
4.2
6.8
7.3
4.9
5.7
4.7
4.6
3.8
5.3
5.9
7.0
6.3
8.0
3.6
5.6
5.9
4.5
5.9
4.9
4.7
3.8
5.6
6.0
7.1
6.6
7.7
3.7
5.7
5.7
4.6
2,877.3
60.5
65.5
99.9
146.6
204.1
263.4
691.3
68.7
62.2
134.8
61.0
2,935.7
61.7
66.6
102.4
148.2
207.0
267.4
707.3
70.2
62.5
137.1
60.9
137.1
3.3
2.1
3.3
8.9
8.8
15.6
28.3
2.2
3.2
5.7
3.6
114.9
2.4
1.6
3.3
6.9
7.1
12.3
22.9
1.7
2.6
5.0
2.7
117.0
2.9
4.1
6.5
6.9
12.0
23.9
2.1
2.6
5.0
2.6
4.8
5.5
3.5
3.4
6.2
4.4
5.8
4.2
3.2
5.2
4.4
6.0
4.0
4.0
2.4
3.3
4.7
3.5
4.7
3.3
2.4
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.0
4.6
3.2
4.0
4.4
3.3
4.5
3.4
3.0
4.1
3.7
4.2
1,502.5
95.3
229.4
44.2
60.2
70.6
1,530.8
97.4
236.9
45.0
60.7
72.9
1,530.0
97.1
236.0
44.6
60.2
72.2
65.5
3.5
8.2
2.3
3.3
4.3
58.0
3.1
7.9
2.3
2.3
3.5
54.8
3.2
7.9
2.2
2.1
3.3
4.4
3.7
3.6
5.3
5.4
6.1
3.8
3.2
3.3
5.1
3.8
4.8
3.6
3.3
3.4
4.9
3.5
4.5
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
1,272.3
91.5
251.8
1,292.5
94.1
259.7
1,283.7
92.6
258.4
59.0
4.0
12.7
50.9
3.7
10.4
52.1
4.0
10.6
4.6
4.3
5.0
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.1
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,735.8
197.6
510.3
44.4
1,721.8
201.3
509.7
43.7
1,737.8
202.9
514.5
44.5
146.0
9.5
33.0
4.0
117.1
8.4
27.1
2.8
114.7
7.6
27.8
3.1
8.4
4.8
6.5
9.1
6.8
4.1
5.3
6.4
6.6
3.7
5.4
7.1
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,933.7
60.3
272.7
71.6
99.3
69.5
600.5
164.6
1,907.8
59.9
269.3
70.5
99.7
67.6
596.0
158.9
1,895.5
59.8
266.8
69.7
99.3
66.9
592.2
157.9
210.0
6.0
24.2
8.3
9.6
7.1
58.1
17.3
183.0
5.7
20.9
7.1
8.3
6.2
50.4
15.8
178.0
5.6
21.1
6.4
8.2
5.9
50.2
15.0
10.9
9.9
8.9
11.7
9.6
10.2
9.7
10.5
9.6
9.5
7.8
10.0
8.3
9.2
8.4
9.9
9.4
9.3
7.9
9.1
8.3
8.8
8.5
9.5
591.0
41.8
126.2
599.1
41.7
129.5
601.5
41.4
128.9
21.6
1.6
2.5
25.9
2.1
2.9
23.0
2.0
2.5
3.6
3.8
2.0
4.3
5.0
2.2
3.8
4.8
1.9
May
1988
Apr.
1989
1989P
3,186.4
75.1
1,507.1
183.7
102.9
132.1
115.1
3,228.9
76.5
1,520.5
182.7
101.8
133.4
113.2
3,222.1
76.5
1,522.0
182.2
101.7
133.7
113.1
193.9
3.2
80.5
12.4
7.0
8.1
8.3
176.1
3.2
79.1
10.0
5.5
6.2
6.1
Hawaii
Honolulu
515.5
383.5
514.0
379.0
521.0
384.3
17.5
11.7
Idaho
Boise City
477.5
104.4
485.8
111.5
488.3
111.0
Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
,
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
5,699.7
176.0
68.0
88.9
3,137.8
179.4
57.9
192.2
43.9
273.4
153.6
146.5
107.2
5,880.5
185.5
72.8
92.3
3,230.6
181.7
59.5
197.0
45.1
287.2
159.4
149.1
110.4
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,837.6
59.7
61.3
97.6
143.8
199.1
266.6
675.4
68.3
61.5
131.5
59.8
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuaue
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
148
May
1988
May
1989P
• * . 1
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Apr.
1989
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
Maryland
Baltimore
2,451.7
1,177.7
2,497.3
1,193.6
2,509.9
1,200.4
114.7
60.2
94.2
49.5
Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,103.1
1,539.0
96.7
75.6
47.9
186.8
151.1
84.1
39.6
248.3
219.6
3,178.4
1,568.2
100.7
77.2
48.0
190.0
155.6
87.8
40.5
253.7
230.8
3,169.5
1,562.7
100.2
76.5
47.9
189.0
155.2
87.5
40.6
252.0
229.2
83.7
36.1
3.2
3.3
1.4
6.4
4.3
3.4
1.6
6.6
5.6
Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,525.2
160.8
63.6
78.6
2,173.3
192.3
356.2
63.8
114.9
242.5
67.8
181.2
4,537.0
165.2
64.0
79.1
2,172.4
184.4
361.3
65.4
118.3
241.9
66.3
180.4
4,578.2
163.9
63.9
80.0
2,200.9
185.5
362.6
65.8
116.6
244.0
67.3
181.3
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,315.1
106.8
1,372.0
59.7
95.8
2,300.2
106.3
1,371.1
60.2
95.8
Mississippi
Jackson
1,123.3
196.0
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
94.9
50.0
4.7
5.1
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.2
117.8
49.0
4.3
4.5
2.4
8.8
6.2
4.8
2.1
9.4
8.0
107.9
45.9
4.0
3.7
2.3
8.6
6.1
4.3
1.6
8.7
7.3
2.7
2.3
3.3
4.3
3.0
3.4
2.8
4.0
4.0
2.7
2.5
3.7
3.1
4.3
5.8
5.0
4.6
4.0
5.5
5.1
3.7
3.4
3.4
2.9
4.0
4.8
4.8
4.6
3.9
4.9
4.1
3.5
3.2
296.2
5.5
4.0
4.6
146.1
26.0
15.5
3.8
4.6
11.4
5.2
11.7
277.8
4.9
3.8
4.8
128.3
16.1
16.3
3.9
5.1
11.3
5.2
11.1
293.1
5.5
4.2
5.4
142.8
16.7
16.7
4.1
5.3
11.5
5.8
11.5
6.5
3.4
6.2
5.9
6.7
13.5
4.3
6.0
4.0
4.7
7.6
6.4
6.1
3.0
6.0
6.1
5.9
8.7
4.5
5.9
4.3
4.7
7.8
6.1
6.4
3.3
6.6
6.8
6.5
9.0
4.6
6.3
4.5
4.7
8.6
6.4
2,312.5
106.9
1,380.2
60.6
94.5
85.8
6.5
44.0
1.6
3.6
108.9
6.9
52.6
1.8
5.8
100.2
6.4
53.1
1.8
4.7
3.7
6.0
3.2
2.6
3.8
4.7
6.5
3.8
3.1
6.0
4.3
6.0
3.8
2.9
5.0
1,145.2
199.9
1,157.0
201.9
73.3
9.1
90.6
10.7
93.9
11.2
6.5
4.7
7.9
5.3
8.1
5.6
2,599.1
839.9
1,250.1
123.0
2,601.0
851.9
1,257.3
126.1
2,606.4
845.2
1,256.2
124.7
149.6
45.0
77.1
5.4
133.8
40.5
64.9
5.3
130.6
39.8
65.8
5.3
5.8
5.4
6.2
4.4
5.1
4.8
5.2
4.2
5.0
4.7
5.2
4.3
Montana
400.9
398.6
402.5
28.9
24.1
22.1
7.2
6.1
5.5
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
813.1
126.7
323.7
816.9
127.5
328.4
813.2
127.0
326.1
26.9
4.2
11.7
23.2
2.9
10.5
20.6
2.9
9.7
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.8
2.3
3.2
2.5
2.3
3.0
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
584.9
340.9
140.4
607.7
358.6
142.2
610.9
359.8
143.0
31.2
19.4
6.6
31.7
19.1
6.8
30.3
18.3
6.5
5.3
5.7
4.7
5.2
5.3
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.6
New Hampshire
,
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...
601.0
85.3
100.2
133.6
607.2
85.8
99.1
132.5
617.3
86.4
100.1
134.4
13.8
1.6
2.7
2.2
16.6
2.0
2.8
2.6
17.7
2.3
3.1
2.7
2.3
1.9
2.7
1.7
2.7
2.3
2.8
2.0
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.0
3,965.5
175.8
717.5
269.4
559.4
476.0
951.7
172.4
57.8
3,960.2
174.8
717.4
268.3
567.1
473.9
948.2
171.8
58.0
3,972.1
179.0
719.5
265.9
568.6
481.9
946.8
171.9
58.2
148.8
9.0
22.8
18.3
14.9
15.0
37.2
4.5
4.0
142.5
8.6
23.2
16.2
13.8
15.1
36.3
4.8
3.9
120.0
6.7
19.9
13.5
12.0
12.8
30.1
4.0
3.1
3.8
5.1
3.2
6.8
2.7
3.1
3.9
2.6
7.0
3.6
4.9
3.2
6.0
2.4
3.2
3.8
2.8
6.7
3.0
3.8
2.8
5.1
2.1
2.7
3.2
2.3
5.4
684.7
263.0
55.8
66.1
683.7
262.1
54.9
64.8
691.3
263.8
56.7
66.3
56.7
16.0
4.2
3.7
48.0
14.1
3.8
2.7
44.6
12.9
3.7
2.7
8.3
6.1
7.6
5.6
7.0
5.4
7.0
4.2
6.5
4.9
6.5
4.0
New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
May
1988
May
1989*
See footnotes at end of table.
149
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Apr.
1989
1989P
447.6
17.7
6.5
27.6
2.0
61.3
216.2
190.0
6.8
4.6
21.6
16.1
7.4
4.1
3.6
3.6
4.9
3.9
3.1
4.4
4.8
3.2
2.7
3.7
4.3
4.5
5.6
4.8
5.5
6.7
4.9
4.3
5.7
6.0
5.4
3.7
4.6
5.6
6.6
5.2
4.1
5.1
6.1
4.5
4.3
5.5
5.9
5.0
3.5
4.2
5.1
5.4
136.0
3.0
22.9
19.3
11.1
117.7
2.3
20.4
18.0
11.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.5
4.0
3.3
3.5
3.6
2.7
3.4
2.5
3.1
3.4
2.8
15.1
2.1
2.3
1.6
14.3
1.8
2.7
1.4
12.2
1.6
2.2
1.3
4.6
4.6
2.7
4.5
4.5
4.1
3.1
4.1
3.7
3.6
2.6
3.7
5,419.1
331.9
194.6
788.3
941.8
731.0
478.8
318.7
225.3
303.1
18.6
12.5
40.4
50.7
33.0
22.0
16.9
15.0
272.7
16.7
11.0
31.7
41.4
31.6
21.5
16.9
13.8
276.5
16.6
11.3
34.2
41.8
32.2
22.2
17.2
13.6
5.8
5.8
6.6
5.3
5.5
4.7
4.8
5.5
6.8
5.1
5.1
5.7
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
5.4
6.2
5.1
5.0
5.8
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.6
5.4
6.0
1,501.6
27.5
48.1
485.9
335.6
1,513.5
27.6
48.8
488.7
339.0
107.2
1.8
3.1
28.6
26.9
86.8
1.2
2.4
24.1
19.7
90.0
1.3
2.5
24.2
21.5
7.0
6.2
6.2
5.8
8.0
5.8
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.9
5.9
4.7
5.0
5.0
6.3
1,398.7
140.6
636.4
129.7
1,456.2
147.2
666.7
135.8
1,452.1
146.7
664.0
135.1
84.6
7.8
32.0
8.2
81.8
7.5
28.5
8.1
75.8
7.0
26.8
7.3
6.0
5.6
5.0
6.3
5.6
5.1
4.3
6.0
5.2
4.8
4.0
5.4
5,661.2
319.8
58.2
59.5
127.7
314.1
92.7
215.3
2,380.5
943.5
170.2
349.2
57.5
214.3
5,840.1
331.4
60.0
59.2
132.4
324.7
95.1
223.9
2,432.9
974.8
177.4
360.5
60.6
222.8
5.854.3
334.2
59.7
59.4
132.5
328.6
96.2
225.9
2,425.6
973.6
179.1
361.9
60.9
224.3
280.8
13.1
4.0
5.5
7.7
12.2
6.5
7.5
99.7
51.6
8.3
19.6
2.8
9.2
234.4
12.4
3.4
4.1
6.4
9.9
5.6
5.7
82.2
41.8
6.6
16.7
3.4
7.5
255.9
13.9
3.4
4.1
6.4
12.5
6.1
6.8
85.8
42.9
8.0
18.6
3.5
8.9
5.0
4.1
6.8
9.2
6.1
3.9
7.0
3.5
4.2
5.5
4.9
5.6
4.9
4.3
4.0
3.7
5.6
6.9
4.9
3.1
5.9
2.5
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.6
5.6
3.4
4.4
4.1
5.7
6.9
4.8
3.8
6.4
3.0
3.5
4.4
4.5
5.2
5.7
4.0
522.8
165.5
340.9
536.4
169.3
351.4
534.3
168.5
349.1
16.5
6.0
10.5
22.1
8.2
14.0
22.3
8.1
14.3
3.2
3.6
3.1
4.1
4.9
4.0
4.2
4.8
4.1
1,690.1
231.9
237.7
336.3
1,718.4
235.3
243.1
347.0
1,724.9
239.7
244.1
347.8
81.3
9.7
8.3
12.0
68.8
7.8
7.7
10.8
63.8
8.0
6.8
9.9
4.8
4.2
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
2.8
361.3
39.5
74.0
358.2
38.9
73.7
366.8
40.2
74.6
13.5
1.5
2.9
12.6
1.4
2.2
13.7
1.6
2.3
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.5
3.7
3.0
3.7
3.9
3.1
May
1989?
New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,284.2
410.3
124.1
437.6
40.7
1,393.3
3,801.5
3,141.0
129.6
125.7
487.4
306.8
132.0
8,646.5
431.8
129.3
455.6
43.7
1,445.8
3,943.2
3,261.9
136.9
131.3
513.5
322.7
140.6
8,587.0
428.6
127.9
455.0
43.6
1,440.4
3,906.1
3,228.3
136.6
129.7
511.0
318.5
138.4
341.0
14.6
4.5
21.4
1.6
42.8
167.2
149.3
4.1
3.4
17.9
13.3
6.0
480.1
20.6
7.1
30.4
2.1
61.5
222.8
195.4
7.3
4.9
23.8
18.1
9.3
North Carolina1
Asheville
Chariotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
3,307.6
87.7
625.9
520.2
392.7
3,424.0
90.4
656.0
534.0
414.3
3,441.4
91.7
657.2
535.6
412.7
109.9
2.9
18.7
14.6
9.9
328.6
44.6
84.2
35.2
321.1
45.1
84.6
34.7
328.7
46.0
86.1
35.6
Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,269.0
322.4
188.7
757.6
922.0
702.5
461.6
306.4
220.2
5,357.2
328.6
191.7
776.6
934.6
722.6
475.2
315.3
222.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,524.2
28.7
49.2
494.9
337.4
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
150
May
Apr.
1989
Apr.
1989
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
May
May
1988
May
1988
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
1988
1989P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
1988
Apr.
May
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989*
May
1988
Apr.
May
1989P
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville
2,351.0
213.7
215.4
285.8
440.7
525.3
2,357.6
216.2
215.0
282.5
449.1
518.3
2,345.3
218.0
215.2
281.5
446.5
513.8
125.7
11.7
11.4
14.0
21.6
21.7
126.6
13.2
9.7
16.2
22.2
21.3
128.0
11.9
11.1
15.6
23.8
21.6
5.3
5.5
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.1
5.4
6.1
4.5
5.7
4.9
4.1
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.3
4.2
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
8,300.0
53.2
8,242.0
53.5
8,233.2
53.1
602.1
3.6
96.9
420.6
161.6
96.7
420.0
161.3
83.4
83.9
5.8
26.5
16.9
6.8
12.7
575.9
3.7
5.7
23.7
489.4
3.1
4.7
21.1
13.6
5.3
10.3
2.5
12.1
7.0
6.8
5.8
5.6
9.6
7.1
11.9
4.5
8.9
5.6
10.3
5.8
7.4
6.2
8.0
13.6
9.4
5.0
16.7
6.1
8.5
5.7
7.4
6.5
8.2
7.0
6.6
5.7
5.9
5.9
5.9
4.9
5.0
8.4
6.3
4.6
3.2
7.3
6.7
5.8
6.1
10.4
8.2
13.0
4.4
9.9
5.8
10.2
6.3
8.9
7.0
7.6
12.7
8.5
5.4
14.9
6.0
7.5
6.0
8.0
6.2
8.7
7.5
7.1
7.1
6.2
10.5
4.1
7.7
4.8
9.0
4.9
6.9
5.3
6.6
10.2
7.8
4.3
13.2
5.7
7.6
5.2
6.5
5.1
7.0
6.4
5.5
5.0
5.7
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
99.7
430.6
163.3
82.0
97.5
58.2
161.9
1,459.2
240.6
99.3
60.3
98.5
60.5
158.2
1,430.8
157.5
239.2
688.5
683.0
109.9
105.6
1,610.7
1,622.9
95.6
94.0
46.7
79.3
113.9
49.0
1,432.5
84.4
238.3
682.8
24.6
43.6
9.8
106.1
1,623.3
95.4
47.6
78.8
112.8
158.7
48.4
78.0
113.2
51.3
44.9
49.5
57.5
75.0
36.3
51.7
44.7
605.0
47.4
57.5
74.6
35.6
92.5
57.7
92.1
56.4
47.1
57.6
74.3
35.6
91.9
56.6
744.8
151.5
49.4
53.6
45.3
609.3
2.6
16.1
154.1
48.5
607.1
15.6
5.9
11.8
2.7
14.1
80.0
24.7
39.4
7.9
5.6
2.6
6.6
3.6
100.0
7.6
6.7
7.4
5.6
26.5
2.9
4.4
2.5
44.6
3.1
4.7
5.2
2.3
5.2
3.3
113.5
7.2
5.9
6.8
6.2
22.6
3.0
4.0
2.7
48.7
3.1
5.0
68.5
21.5
33.7
7.3
85.9
6.3
4.9
6.1
4.8
20.3
2.8
3.9
2.3
39.5
2.4
4.1
4.7
2.0
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
488.7
768.1
108.0
501.1
767.5
105.1
501.7
37.2
4.2
22.8
39.0
4.7
24.2
39.4
4.4
24.6
5.0
4.2
4.7
5.1
4.4
4.8
5.1
4.2
4.9
Vermont
Burlington
294.6
75.6
301.5
75.6
303.7
75.9
7.6
1.4
12.8
2.0
10.8
2.1
2.6
1.8
4.2
2.6
3.6
2.8
3,107.3
67.8
52.7
71.3
3,105.2
68.3
53.0
70.6
608.1
450.7
121.0
110.3
1.5
3.4
3.3
25.1
14.4
4.6
101.0
106.3
2.0
3.1
2.7
122.8
3,084.7
67.5
52.3
70.0
603.4
451.9
120.5
3.8
14.8
3.8
3.5
2.2
6.4
4.6
4.1
3.2
3.7
3.3
2.3
5.6
3.4
4.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
2.9
5.8
3.9
4.1
3.3
3.2
2,279.2
1,010.9
2,392.8
1,076.8
2,440.1
1,099.4
135.8
49.1
142.6
48.9
132.2
49.1
6.0
4.9
6.0
4.5
5.4
4.5
754.9
756.1
116.5
126.5
118.4
766.1
120.2
129.0
73.0
72.8
77.4
10.2
6.1
61.4
8.1
8.5
4.4
4.8
62.0
8.3
8.7
4.6
4.5
10.2
8.8
8.6
7.1
8.3
8.1
6.8
6.7
6.1
6.7
8.1
6.9
6.8
6.4
6.2
2,619.8
111.1
7.4
3.3
4.2
3.6
4.6
2.2
5.3
26.8
4.3
2.9
114.7
7.3
2.9
4.7
4.6
4.9
2.2
5.6
30.6
4.6
2.9
4.0
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.1
3.1
2.5
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.4
3.8
4.8
8.6
3.7
2.3
3.5
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.2
6.1
8.9
3.6
2.5
3.9
5.0
4.5
13.2
13.6
5.6
5.9
6.0
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
98.9
615.0
444.8
70.8
73.1
2,572.5
170.7
73.4
106.5
73.7
56.0
57.1
222.8
758.3
89.1
127.3
72.1
71.9
2,607.0
174.5
74.6
109.4
74.5
54.3
59.7
226.2
Wausau
61.7
774.1
91.8
63.2
Wyoming
232.5
222.8
1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1988 have been
10.9
5.0
778.5
92.6
64.2
103.8
6.4
2.9
4.4
3.3
2.3
1.8
5.6
28.3
3.7
2.6
224.5
13.1
174.4
74.6
109.7
74.7
55.0
60.2
226.6
1.5
3.0
2.4
23.9
14.6
24.8
benchmarked to 1988 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1989 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.
151
Explanatory Notes
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
153
employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
154
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.
Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
155
specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
156
time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-
worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-
gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The
157
count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-SI-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
158
Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
Explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
159
from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo160
bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.
Number of sample
areas
68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1
Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
Households visited but
not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.
each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.
further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
161
and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
162
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview programand some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,
January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
163
Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .
Monthly
level
Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)
275
293
136
212
224
140
173
186
93
151
163
95
211
212
83
155
160
87
88
92
59
94
102
66
94
104
68
73
79
71
59
64
44
51
57
47
76
76
45
50
54
48
36
33
30
40
38
33
errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more
Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic
Characteristic
Monthly level
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .
0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06
Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.
164
Standard error of—
.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76
.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85
.39
.43
Monthly level
Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .
Consecutivemonth change
0.32
0.36
.49
.59
.55
.66
.72
.68
.82
.76
.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42
.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47
.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16
.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.
reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that
Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment
Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment
50 ..
100 .
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.
15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
Total or
white
Black
Total or
white
Black
11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-
12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195
12
17
37
51
70
92
104.
109
108
74
1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error
Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
-
12
16
32
35
-
Total
nr
i vjidi ui
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.
165
Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment
Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000.
140,000 .
1
13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-
Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
Black
13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_
Black, 16 to
19 years
Total or white
Black
9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160
9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_
14
20
38
41
Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years
14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
14
19
37
39
See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering
the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.
a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
2
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:
(216,000)
X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-
166
+
or about 259,000.
(221,000)
-2(.30) (216,000)
(221,000),
Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
50
2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04
3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06
4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09
6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13
8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15
9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17
9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20
10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21
11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21
30
35
50
13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05
3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07
5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10
7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15
10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage o\ monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000
1 or 99
2 or 98
5 or 95
10 or 90
15 or 85
20 or 80
2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04
3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06
5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09
7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12
8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15
9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17
25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18
30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19
35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20
50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21
NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.
167
Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor
Factor
Characteristic
Characteristic
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
4
Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only. . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.
1.05
1.50
1.26
1.26
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18
1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00
Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
1.01
1.21
.97
.97
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.24
Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.89
.83
.74
0.80
.80
.80
0.72
.58
.46
0.70
.70
.70
1.30
1.30
1.40
.88
.82
.74
.88
.88
.88
.67
.57
.46
.70
.70
.60
1.40
1.40
.76
.69
.88
.88
.50
.39
.65
.54
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.
168
Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women
Men
Total
Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers
10 .
50 .
75 . .
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . . .
1,000.
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000.
75,000
100,000
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343
Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255
Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-
Total
White
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
_
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
-
Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
_
Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
-
169
Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.
industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.
Federal-State cooperation
Industry employment
Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
170
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 143 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and
values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-( 100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
171
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a ' 'gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
172
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the 'iink relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-
ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All employees.
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.
Average weekly hours .
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2
Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours.
Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.
Average hourly earnings .
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.
Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Average weekly hours .
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment
Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours .
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.
Average hourly earnings .
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Average weekly earnings.
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by
a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
173
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-
sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988
Industry
Total .
Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry
Total .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services....
Government
174
Percent
difference
Benchmark
Estimate
103,835
104,161
-0.3
711
4,686
19,171
723
4,787
19,302
-1.7
-2.2
-.7
5,437
5,926
18,551
5,473
6,016
18,612
-.7
-1.5
-.3
6,594
25,103
17,656
6,599
24,978
17,671
-.1
.5
-.1
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State . .
Local
'
Sample coverage1
Benchmarks
(thousands)
Mi imhar r*\f
INUi i IU"I Ul
103,835
262,856
38,922
37
711
4,686
19,171
3,361
24,924
49,889
276
917
9,483
39
20
49
5,437
5,926
18,551
214,091
22,810
49,015
22,482
1,062
3,704
46
18
20
6,594
25,103
19,711
58,713
2,126
5,795
32
23
2,964
(3)
4,151 4,883
10,541
15,459
2,964
3,406
6,707
100
82
64
establishments
Employees
Number Percent of
(thou- benchmarks
sands)
1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count o1'
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.
Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
1
Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours
error2
Average
hourly
earnings
0.2
.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3
0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-
0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-
The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2
relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =
V
(standard deviation)2
+
(bias)2
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings
Size of employment estimate
50,000
100,000.
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000
Relative error2
(in percent)
Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000
2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5
4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9
3
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
175
Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.
Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry
Monthly
level
Month-to-month
change
Total .
88,900
89,500
Total private .
61,300
58,900
Goods-producing industries.
21,200
19,800
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
4,400
3,800
4,200
3,300
Construction
General building contractors.
14,400
4,900
15,100
5,100
Manufacturing.
18,200
18,300
13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300
12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300
3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800
3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800
8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800
8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700
4,500
1,600
2,100
4,000
1,400
2,000
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .
Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products .
Month-to-month
change
2,600
1,200
2,800
1,200
1,600
1,700
1,600
1,600
85,400
85,700
14,600
16,600
13,000
16,000
6,500
6,100
8,700
5,800
5,000
7,700
5,300
4,400
Retail trade
General merchandise stores . ..
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places .
38,600
22,800
6,800
34,400
20,400
6,000
4,200
10,100
5,100
9,500
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .
8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000
7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000
Services
Business services.
Health services.
36,600
11,700
10,200
34,900
10,700
10,000
Government.
Federal.
State
Local .
59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600
53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500
Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade..
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.
176
Monthly
level
Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfmancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-
puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfmancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).
State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table
D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of
Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties and cities and other
small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report
* 'Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published
monthly through GPO and is available in microfiche form
only, on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
177
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, ''Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics.''
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (Ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the UI claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
178
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS t^ the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Sub-State monthly labor force and unemployment estimates
in over 2,600 labor market areas (LMA's) are prepared in
several stages.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State ui laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA'S
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical
relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)
are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures.The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning in
June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to paralled that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be
computed based upon data through September and introduced
with the publication of data for October. Revisions of
historical data for the most recent 5 years will continue to
be made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions,
and published in a Supplement to Employment and Earnings.
The BLS is also working on an extension to X-ll ARIMA
to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this
research proves successful, this extension will be introduced
for the computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be
published in November 1989.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
179
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For
total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by
summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
180
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series
based on the experience through March 1989, new seasonal
adjustment factors for April-September, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office
Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region
REGION I-BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327
REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212)337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI—DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415)995-5605
IV
ALABAMA
X
ALASKA
BLS
Region
VIII
Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
VII
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX
IX ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
I
VI ARKANSAS
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, EmployII
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
V!
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VIII COLORADO
Division of Labor and Employment, 3rd Fl.,
II
1330 Fox St., Denver 80204
I
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
IV
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
VIII
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
V
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
VI
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
X
32399-0674
III
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
II
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
V. ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
I
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
IV
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
VIII
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
IV
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
VI
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
VIII
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
MAINE
I
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
III
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
II
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
X
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
III
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
V
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
VIII
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104
MONTANA
Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
PUERTO RICO
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th FL, 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602
NEBRASKA
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