Full text of Employment and Earnings : July 1977
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Employment and Earnings
July 1977
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol. 24 No. 7
In this issue:
Introduction of labor force data
by person-family relationship
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the
Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special
Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce), Employment and Training Administration, State Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of
Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative
statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies
is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State
agencies are listed on the inside back cover.
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Employment and Earnings
Vol. 24 No. 7 July 1977
Editors: Chester L Green, Gloria P. Green, Marcy Freedman
Editors' Note
Publication of State and area annual averages (usually published in the May issue) has been delayed due
to processing problems.
CONTENTS
Page
List of statistical tables
2
Employment and unemployment developments, June 1977
5
Labor force data by person-family relationship
7
Charts
10
Statistical tables:
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
22
Quarterly averages
60
Establishment data:
Employment
69
Hours and earnings
93
Labor turnover
121
State and area unemployment data
130
Seasonally adjusted series—
Household data
45
Quarterly averages
52
Establishment data:
Employment
78
Hours and earnings
112
Productivity
113
Labor turnover
126
Explanatory notes
135
CALENDAR OF FEATURES
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and
Earnings, special features appear in most of the issues, as shown below:
Household data
Annual averages
Revised seasonally adjusted series
'Quarterly averages:
Seasonally adjusted data
Persons not in labor force
Persons of Spanish origin
Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans
Poverty-nonpoverty area data
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Industry detail (final)
Women employment (National)
National data adjusted to new benchmarks
Revised seasonatty adjusted series
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
(1)
X
X
(D
(2)
(2)
State and area annual averages
X
Area definitions
X
The issue that introduces new benchmarks varies. The October 1975 issue marks the introduction of March 1974
benchmarks. Interim revisions of selected series appear in the February 1977 issue.
2
Revised data introduced December 1976 and February 1977.
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5: Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by race and sex
A- 8: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by
16 years and over, 1947 to date
16 years and over
by sex, age, and race
by sex, age, and race
16-21 years of age
sex, age, and race
^2
23
24
26
28
29
29
30
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A- 9:
A-10:
A-11:
A-12:
A-13:
A-14:
A-15:
A-16:
Unemployed persons by sex and age
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
A-17: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
Characteristics of the Employed
A-20:
A-21:
A-22:
A-23:
A-24:
A-25:
A-26:
A-27:
A-28:
A-29:
Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers-by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-30: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
36
37
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds
A-31: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
44
A-32: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
44
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-33: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
A-34: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
A-35: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-36: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-37: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-38: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-39: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-40: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-41: Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-42: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-43: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
20 to 34 years of age
45
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
51
QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-44: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race,
seasonally adjusted
A-45: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally
adjusted
A-46: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-47: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-48: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-49: R ates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-50: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A_51: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-52: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally
adjusted
52
53
54
55
56
56
57
57
58
Persons Not In Labor Force
A-53: Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work,
sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
A-54: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age and sex
A-55: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age, race, and sex
A-56: Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by
age, race, sex, and detailed reason
A-57: Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving
last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
A-58: Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
59
60
61
61
62
62
Persons of Spanish Origin
A-59: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population and the white, black,
and Spanish origin components by sex and age
63
Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-60: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years of age
A-61: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years by age and race
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-62: Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by
sex, age, and race
A-63: Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
A-64: Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by sex, age, and race
64
65
66
67
67
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
BBBB-
1:
2:
3:
4:
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1919 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry *
Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date,
monthly data seasonally adjusted
B- 5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
B- 6: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
B- 7: Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, 1973 to date
Monthly data in February, May, August, and November issues; annual averages in March issue.
gg
70
78
79
80
81
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA-Continued
Page
Employment—State and Area
B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division
82
Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1955 to date
C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government
C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars
C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8: Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
C- 9: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
C-10: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted
C-12: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate
93
94
108
108
109
110
112
112
113
113
114
••
115
Hours and Earnings—State and Area
C-13: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas
116
Labor Turnover—National
D- 1 : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1965 to date
D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry
121
122
D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1965 to date, seasonally adjusted
126
Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
..
127
•••
130
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E- 1: Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
Employment and Unemployment Developments,
June 1977
Both employment and unemployment increased in June.
The overall rate of unemployment was 7.1 percent, up
slightly from the 6.9-percent rate in May but still below the
levels prevailing early in the year.
Total employment-—as measured by the monthly survey
of households—continued to expand markedly, with an increase of 270,000 in June to 90.7 million. Employment has
advanced by 2.9 million over the past 8 months; this strong
growth brought the employment-population ratio close to
the record highs of early 1974.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by
the m o n t h l y survey of establishments—increased
by 135,000 in June to 82.1 million. Although not as large
as household survey employment gains, establishment survey job growth has also been substantial since October—
2.2 million.
Unemployment
After adjustment for seasonality, unemployment rose by
210,000 in June to 7.0 million. The overall unemployment
rate edged up from 6.9 percent in May to 7.1 percent in
June, after declining almost continuously from the 1976
high of 8.0 percent recorded in November. Most of the June
increase took place among adult women, whose jobless rate
rose from 6.6 to 7.2 percent; this returned their rate to the
February-March levels. There was also a small increase in
joblessness among teenagers, likewise a return to levels prevailing earlier this year. The unemployment rate for adult
men, on the other hand, declined from 5.3 percent in May
to 5.0 percent, the same as the April rate. Whereas unemployment rates for the three major age-sex groups posted
over-the-month movements, the rates for full-time workers
and job losers held about steady at levels that were a full
percentage point below those at the end of 1976.
The number of persons looking for work for 15 or more
weeks—the long-term unemployed—dropped by 100,000
to 1.7 million in June. Their number has been reduced by
775,000 since the end of last year. In contrast, there was a
sizeable May-June increase in the number of those unemployed for less than 5 weeks (275,000). The average (mean)
duration of unemployment moved down from 14.9 to
14.4 weeks over the month, about the same as the April
level and 21/2 weeks lower than a year ago.
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose for the eighth consecutive month,
increasing by 270,000 in June to 90.7 million, seasonally
adjusted. Adult men and teenagers accounted for the
over-the-month gain, which took place entirely among
workers in nonagricultural industries. Employment has
advanced by 3.2 million over the past 12 months, more than
70 percent of which has occurred in 1977.
The employment-population ratio—the proportion of
the total noninstitutional population that is employed—
sustained its recent steady rise and, at 57.2 percent, was
just 0.2 percentage point below the alltime high last
reached in March 1974.
As usually occurs at this time of year, the civilian labor
force rose markedly from May to June. The increase this
June was greater than normal, and, after adjustment for
seasonality, there was a gain of 480,000 in the labor force
to 97.6 million. Since last June, the labor force has grown
by 2.9 million, a particularly large over-the-year gain; adult
women accounted for 1.4 million of the increase, while
the adult male labor force rose by 1.0 million.
The civilian labor force participation rate—the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population either working or seeking work—rose to a new high of 62.5 percent in
June, nearly a full percentage point above the year-earlier
level.
Discouraged workers
Discouraged workers are persons who report that they
want work but are not looking for jobs because they believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the
labor market test—that is, they are not engaged in active
job search—they are classified as not in the labor force
rather than as unemployed. These data are published on a
quarterly basis.
While movements in discouraged workers generally
parallel those in unemployment, there was a rise of
130,000 in their number in the second quarter at the
same time that unemployment declined by 250,000. At
nearly 1.1 million, the discouraged total was the highest
since the third quarter of 1975. About 730,000 (or nearly
70 percent) of them indicated job-market factors as their
reason for not seeking work, an increase of 80,000 over
the quarter. (See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by
135,000 in June to 82.1 million, seasonally adjusted.
Over-the-month employment gains took place in 52 percent
of the industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index of
nonagricultural payroll employment.
Paralleling the developments in total employment (household data), the number of payroll jobs has risen for 8 consecutive months. Payroll employment has grown by 2.7
million over the past year, with nearly two-thirds of the increase occurring since December.
The largest May-June increase was in services, where
employment rose by 75,000; this was in marked contrast
to developments of the prior 3 months, when manufacturing was the largest single contributor to the employment
growth. There were also over-the-month gains in government and contract construction. Manufacturing employment, which has shown strong gains since last October,
edged down in June. All of the decline occurred in the nondurable goods sector, primarily in food processing.
Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged
down 0.1 hour to 36.2 hours in June, seasonally adjusted.
With the exception of last January's weather-induced decline in average hours, the workweek has remained at the
36.2-36.3 level since last November. The manufacturing
workweek increased slightly in June, while factory overtime remained at 3.4 hours; both were up by half an hour
since October.
The index of aggregate hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonagricultural payrolls declined
by 0.3 percent in June to 115.7 (1967=100). Despite the
drop, the index was 3.7 percent above the year-ago level.
The manufacturing index moved up 0.2 percent in June to
98.6 and was up 4.2 percent over the past year.
Hourly and weekly earnings
Both average hourly and weekly earnings of production
or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls were little changed in June on a seasonally-adjusted
basis. Hourly and weekly earnings were, respectively, 7.4
and 7.7 percent higher than a year earlier.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.20 in June, up 1 cent from May and 35 cents
from a year earlier. Average weekly earnings were $189.28,
an increase of $1.92 over the month and $12.74 from the
June 1976 level.
The hourly earnings index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effects of
changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and lowwage industries—was 196.9 (1967=100) in June, 0.3 percent higher than in May. The index was 6.8 percent above
June a year ago. During the 12-month period ended in May,
the Hourly Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasing
power rose 0.1 percent.
Labor Force Data by Person-Family Relationship
* Deborah Pisetzner Klein
Regular publication of data which interrelate the employment status of various family members begins with this
issue of Employment and Earnings and will continue on a
quarterly basis. The accompanying table 1 shows the unemployed by family status and by the presence or absence of
an employed person in the family; table 2 shows similar data
for the employed.
The data underlying these tables are derived from the
Current Population Survey through a special tabular package that was initiated in January 1976. Somewhat similar
data have been available for March of each year since the
1950's and have been published in the Special Labor Force
Report Series on Marital and Family Characteristics of the
Labor Force. l This historical series documents the growth
in the number of multi-worker families, a trend which has
increased the likelihood that an unemployed person lives
in a family with a working relative. For example, over the
past 20 years the proportion of unemployed husbands
whose families included at least one employed member
has increased by around 10 percentage points to about
50 percent.
The new data series make it possible to analyze on a
more current basis the employment situation of individuals
in the context of their families. Despite publicized trends
in unconventional living arrangements, the great majority
of people continue to live in families. Knowledge of the
employment patterns within the context of a family structure provides another dimension to labor force analysis and
may provide new insights for policymakers.
The data in the tables answer questions often asked:
What proportion of the unemployed are in families where
someone else is employed? What proportion of the employed provide the only paycheck for their families? The
data also clarify what may be some common misconceptions. We can see, for example, that currently less than
half of all husbands are the only "breadwinners" in their
families; that about 10 percent of all employed wives are
the only earners in their families; and that about 15 percent of all unemployed wives have no one employed in
their families.
Overall, it is clear from table 1 that most unemployed
persons Wye in families where someone else holds down a
job. But the specific proportions vary by particular family
member; thus, for example, unemployed women who head
families are not very likely to have an employed relative
living with them. On the other hand, unemployed relatives
in husband-wife families—generally teenagers and young
adults—almost always live in a family that includes an
employed member. There are, however, about 1 million
unemployed persons who do not live in families.
Unemployed black workers are less likely than unemployed white workers to live in a family which includes
an employed relative. One-third of all unemployed blacks,
compared with only about one-tenth of all unemployed
whites, live in families headed by a woman. Femaleheaded families include relatively fewer individuals of working age than husband-wife families. Thus, individuals in
such families are less likely to have an employed relative.
Furthermore, unemployed blacks in families headed by a
woman are even less likely to have an employed relative
than unemployed whites in similar families. By contrast, in
husband-wife families there is little difference by race in the
proportions of the unemployed with employed relatives.
By comparing the data in the two tables we can see that
the employment status of one family member is not totally
independent of that of other family members. For each
family relationship category, employed individuals are
somewhat more likely than unemployed individuals to
live with an employed relative. For example, the proportion of employed husbands who live in a family in
which someone else is employed is greater than the proportion of unemployed husbands who live in a family
that includes an employed person. This is because many
characteristics, such as relative education and skill levels,
tend to be similar for all members of an individual family.
Moreover, all members of families living in areas of high
unemployment will tend to experience greater than average difficulty in obtaining a job.
* Deborah Pisetzner Klein is an economist in the Division of
Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 March 1975 data were published in Special Labor Force
Report 183. March 1976 data appear in B. Johnson and H. Hayghe,
Labor Force Participation of Married Women, Monthly Labor
Review, June 1977.
Table 1. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members, quarterly averages,
not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
II
1977
II
1976
Percent of unemployed:
Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship
Total
With at least
With at least one person in
one employed family emperson in
ployed full
family
time
With no
employed
person in
family
Total
With no
employed
person in
family
With at least
With at least one person in
one employed family emperson in
ployed full
family
time
TOTAL
Unemployed total
1
Unemployed in families
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families
6,950
37.9
62.1
55.7
6,724
38.1
61.9
55.7
6,057
1,607
1,312
2,093
28.7
50.0
16.0
9.2
71.3
50.0
84.0
90.8
63.9
38.1
78.0
86.5
5,852
1,386
1,299
2,051
28.9
51.7
14.0
11.0
71.1
48.3
86.0
89.0
63.9
38.4
80.6
85.1
370
675
893
83.2
33.5
16.8
66.5
11.4
56.3
376
740
872
81.6
35.1
18.4
64.9
10.9
50.8
—
5,548
4,825
1,356
1,107
1,739
36.5
27.0
50.5
16.0
8.2
63.5
73.0
49.5
84.0
91.8
57.1
65.7
37.6
78.6
88.0
5,298
4,583
1,174
1,079
1,672
36.7
26.9
52.6
12.9
10.1
63.3
73.1
47.4
87.1
89.9
227
396
723
80.6
29.0
19.4
71.0
11.9
58.8
228
430
715
72.8
32.3
27.2
67.7
57.2
66.2
37.5
82.6
86.1
15.4
53.0
—
1,279
44.2
55.8
49.1
1,283
43.1
56.9
49.5
1,116
219
173
315
36.0
48.9
15.6
13.7
64.0
51.1
84.4
86.3
56.3
38.8
74.6
80.6
1,146
173
195
338
36.3
45.7
16.9
15.4
63.7
54.3
83.1
84.6
55.4
42.8
73.3
80.2
140
269
163
87.1
38.3
12.9
61.7
—
10.7
53.9
—
141
299
137
95.7
39.1
--
4.3
60.9
--
4.3
47.2
—
White
Unemployed total
.
..
Unemployed, in families *
Husbands2
:
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women whd head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families3
..
.
.
...
...
Black4
Unemployed in families1
Husbinds2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
In primary families only.
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
famllle):.
3
3
Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
4
Table 2. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members,
quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
II
1977
II
1976
Percent of employed:
Percent of employed:
With another
person in
With no other With another
employed peremployed perper- employed
per- family emson in family son in family ployed full
time
Family relationship
Total
With no other With another
employed per- employed person in family son in family
With another
person in
family employed full
time
TOTAL
87,440
76,873
38,722
19,927
11,643
38.8
52.1
59.3
40.2
85.7
89.6
90,327
78,866
39,043
20,634
12,195
37.9
28.9
42.5
9.0
6.2
53.0
30.3
44.2
9.8
6.8
61.2
69.7
55.8
90.2
93.2
62.1
Employed, in families 1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
71. 1
57. 5
91. 0
93. 8
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families3
3,790
2,791
10,567
69.0
30.5
31.0
69.5
22.0
59.2
3,983
3,011
11,461
68.2
29.6
31. 8
70. 4
60.7
41.8
86.4
90.1
21.8
60.2
78,004
68,755
35,315
17,821
10,614
2,846
2,159
9,249
38.4
30.1
44.8
9.3
6.5
67.0
31.1
61.6
69.9
55.2
90.7
93.5
33.0
68.9
52.2
59.3
39.3
86.4
89.9
22.8
59.1
80,580
37.5
62.5
53.2
70,504
35,556
18,496
11,165'
28.6
43.0
8.6
2,938
2,349
10,076
65.9
29.7
71.4
57.0
91.4
94.1
34.1
70.3
60.8
41.0
86.9
90.5
23.0
60.1
8,085
7,016
2,887
1,809
833
902
585
1,069
41.6
32.7
37.7
14.1
10.6
75.8
30.9
58.4
67.3
62.3
85.9
89.4
24.2
69.1
50.7
58.5
50.1
79.4
84.5
18.7
59.0
8,370
7,208
2,948
1,824
819
1,000
617
1,162
41.8
32.4
37.2
12.3
9.8
75.0
29.8
58.2
50.5
67.6
62.8
87.7
90.2
25.0
70.2
58.7
50.4
82.0
85.2
18.2
59.5
Employed, total
White
Employed, total
Employed, in families 1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families3
,
5.9
Black4
Employed, total
Employed, in families 1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families . . .
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families 3
See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 2, table 1.
See footnote 3, table 1.
See footnote 4, table 1.
9
CHARTS
1.
Labor force and employment, 1958-77
2.
Major unemployment indicators, 1958-77
3.
Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1958-77
4.
Total employment by sex and age, 1958-77
5.
Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1958-77
6.
Payroll employment in goods- and service-producing industries, 1958-77
7.
Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1958-77
8.
Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77
9.
10.
10
11
11
12
13
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
20
20
21
21
Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1958-77
Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1958-77
11.
Unemployment rates by race, 1958-77
12.
Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1958-77
13.
Duration of unemployment, 1958-77
14.
Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77
15.
Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77
16.
Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1958-77
17.
Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1958-77
Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
"IHOUSflNOS
i (iRrtnn
t00000
/
/
9S00O
To lallab orfor
85000
r
s
80000
y y
y
y
( m/
90000
y
"
:
:
••
-
•
"
/
/
\
r"
:
100000
95000
90000
6E00Q
/"'
80000
/*'*
75000
75000
y
70000
70000
«-/*•
,/•<< Civilian labo force
6S000
1
alemi
jloyment
y
€5000
/ - "
60000
60000
onagrIcultu ral
e nploj ment
55000
55000
t968
1858
I960
1901
1962
1963
1964
I96S
1966
1967
1966
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1976
1976
1977
SOURCE: Table A-33
10
50000
Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
II.0 I
100
9-0
Percent of labor force time lost
8.0
*\~
/A
//
/
Unemployment rate
all civilian workers
Unemployment rate, //
household heads AJI
^ L
married men
1460
19S8
t960
iflSl
1062
1983
1964 1966
1966
1 V
1961
I960
1969
1910 19*71 1812
1913 1914 1916
IB16 1911
SOURCE: Table A-36.
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
90.0i
les, 20 yea rs an( over
/Mi
80.0
n
To al, al work ers^
Bot
K^A
A A
yvv.
s, 16 19 y< ars
i sexc
.,
so.o
A-
V
.-^^
AY
/
40.0
^./-Nr'
Fe nales , 20 years i nd over
---
i
-,•,•!
1966
1969
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1968
1966
1961
.U.iJiMil
1916
1911
SOURCE: Table A-33.
11
Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
iHOUSflNOS
•
-
50000
50000
^ ^ >
Ma es,2( years andc ver
45000
45000
- / • "
AOKnn
40000
^y
/
^
4 0000
:
37S00
37500
:
35000
35000
r
32500
32500
•
/'*
27500
27500
emal »s,20 years ando r e r ^ ^
ocnnn
/
/
W
-VS"
20000
/ * "
20000
"V
17500
17500
15000
15000
19Tfin
nenn
" V
• v -
Both sexes ,16-1 )year
— . — " • •
2500
0
2500
1968
1969
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1966
1966
1961
1968
1911
SOURC E: Tab!eA-33
12
0
Chart 5. Employment—population
PERCENT
85-0
ratios by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
Males, 20 years and over
80.0
TB.O
70.0
Total, all workers
EO.O
50.0
- Both sexes, 16-19 years -
>—^tort
Females, 20 years and over
30.0
30.0
1966
1968
161
191
1966
1969
1910 1811
IS12 (919 1914 1916
1816
1*11
SOURCE: Table A-33.
Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods/- and service-producing industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS
89000
RflTJO SCALE
890D0
79000
Total nonagricultural payro I employment s
59000
49000
Service-producing Industries.
„.
39000
33000
23000
Goods-producing industries.
19000
1968
1868
t»6Q
1861
1962
1963 1964 1966
1866
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
19C1
1868 1868 1910
1811
1812 1813 l»l*
1816
1916 1811
SOURCE: Table B-5.
19003
Chart ,7-j Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
RflTIO SCflLE-THOUSflNDS
23100
SCflLE
23900
2/500
Manu actur n g
^
i.
»•
_
•
20500
>
18000
18000
.—-
15500 \ ^
"i
..«—••"'
Whc lesalt andr Btail t radeN
13000
1300Q
,
— -
-—
10600
S arvice
-^'
10500
^H
8000
15500
8000
andk >cal g werni lent
State
_^...uli.l.t
1868
1369
tS60
1961
1962
1363
1964
UJUJMAW
1966
1966
1967
1968
5500
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1 74
1976
RflTiO SCflLE-THOUSflNDS
S150
1976
1977
RflTIO SPflLE
— ] 51S0
Transports ion and public ut titles
4150
Contract construction
3150
I /
- Finance, insurance
.and real estate
2650
_^~
Federal government
J
1968
1369
I960
1961
1862
1963
1964
196S
1966
1967
196B
1369
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
t976
1976
RflTIO SCflLE
900
RflTlO SCflLE-THOUSflNDS
900
1 '
650
(
800
\
:V
A
V
1
/
r /IfI
f
1969
1960
1861
196£
1963
1964
1966
1966
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
100
/
Mil ting
1968
TSO
/
A
\
V
700
14
850
\
800
750
2l50
137'
1967
1988
1969
1970
1
1971
1972
1973
1974
650
1976
1976
1977
SOURCE: Table B-5.
Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time
in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS
70000
Ai///-f ime
sc/?e
67500
6T00
/
;
/
65000
6501)
62500
62500
/
60000
60000
/
57500
-
67500
/
/
55000
55000
/
52500
52500
y
500Q0
r
47500
A
47500
*
iHOUSflNOS
Pa/T-f ime
sc/?e t/i//e
/
toooo
10000
V orker >onv >lunu rypai Mime sche lules
(V
AA
7500
A
r
y
7500
J
6000
5000
\
2500
V
A^
2500
V
"V
Wo leers < npar time forec jnom creaj ons
o
f
o
->r-'.r'• i
SOURCE: Table A-42.
Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations
(Seasonally adjusted)
White-collar workers
SCALE
18150
RflTIO
RflTIO SI*
18750 r ~
16250
16250.^—
Cler cal workers
13150
tlfiO
U250
w 4r
^ Professional and technical workers
,750
,.-/*••
Managers and administrators,
except farm
6250
3950
8750
1118
I SIS
I960
1981
1962
1961
1064
I860
1866
1861
1868
1868
1910
1811
1813
(813
1814
6250
1816
1816
3750
1811
Blue-collar workers
RflTIO SCALE-THOUSANDS
13000
10500
RflfJO SCALE
13000
tts>
Craf and kindred work
10600
Operatives, except transport
8000
ESOO
5500
Nonfarm laborers
Transport equipment operatives - ^ x A ^ " ^ ^ - ^^-> /*~»
1968
1958
I860
1881
1862
1863
1864
1866
XSB1
1868
1868
1910
1811
1812
1913
1914
1816
1916
Service workers
RATIO-SCALE THOUSANDS
13300
1866
1811
RATIO SCALE
13300
/
12300
/
: 12300
:
11300
11300
10300
\
8300
/
8300
V
7300
1868
1968
19€Q
1861
1962
1983
1964
1866
1966
1961
1968
1969
1910
1911
NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the rectification of occupations
introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in
December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes.
81fi
1918
18T
SOURCE: Table A-42.
Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5)
20.0
n.5
12.6
12.5
10-0
1MB
I960
1060
1861
1982
1963
{064
1966
1066
1967
1866
1968
1970
1871
1812
1973
1074
1076
1976
1077
Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0
20.0
•
^
V
y
Black and other
^
^
v—^
/ • \
;
y
White
196B
16S0
I960
1061
1062
1863
1064
1066
1066
1967
i860
I960
1970
1971
1972
1973
1074
1076
t976
1077
Ratio of black-to-white unemployment rate
RATIO
3.00
3-00
2.50
I .SO
" I -50
10SB
10S9
1960
1961
1962
1063
1064
IKS
1088
1067
1086
1089
1970
1871
1072
1073
1074
107fi
1976
1077
SOURCE: Table A-35.
17
Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
(Seasonally adjusted)
White-collar workers
I
Clerical workers
5.0
2.5
Managers and administrators, except farm
....I , I , I , I ,..;,! , I .... I , j .
196B
1668
I960
1801
1862
1363
1864
1866
1866
1961
196B
1868
1970
1871
1872
1973
1914
1816
191«
1811
PERCENT
20.0
20.0
Blue-collar workers
n.s
n.s
15-0
12.S
10.0
Transport equipment operatives
5.0
2.5
o.o - u ^
1968
1860
1861
1882
1863
1864
1886
I860
1967
1866
1888
1970
1971
1812
1873
1914
1816
1916
1811
o.o
10. o
7.5
2.5
196B
1868
I960
1961
1982
1983
1864
1866
1866
1961
186B
1989
1910
1871
1872
1973
1974
1976
1916
1911
SOURCE: Table A-36.
18
Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)
Number of workers unemployed
RATIO SCALE-ThOUSflNOS
10250
RATIO 5CflLE
10250
7750
1150
5250
5250
2150
IS6B
I860
1060
1061
96")
1866
I860
1870
1071
14
10'
1076
1876
1077
Percent of civilian labor force
PERCENT
10.0i
h
1.5
5.0
2.5
188B
1080
I860
1061
1062
1019
1064
1066
1066
1867
1066
1080
1970
1071
1072
1073
Ifl74
1076
1976
1977
Average duration of unemployment
HEEKS
20.0
•
i/
ISO
\
12.5
f
/
K
V
10.0
V:
15-0
V
•
ulululu
1068
I860
I860
1061
1862
1669
1964
1066
1066
1967
1066
1068
1970
1871
1072
1073
1974
1076
1976
1877
SOURCE: Table A-37.
19
Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
HOURS
49 c
vianul acturi
AA.
V
40.0
»,<Ts
\
/
40.0
r
^
Tot* Ipriv itees abllsl ment
37.5
37.6
-
V..-'-'
95.0
Illl
1816
I860
1661
1862
1963
1864
18S6
1866
1967
1968
Overtime hours in
H0URS
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1974
1978
:
35.0
1976 1977
manufacturing
c n
9 K
7
1988
1
wr
or"
/
y
/
y
IIS6
I860
1661
196t
1681
1884
1986
1866
1967
1968
1868
1970
1971
1872
1974
1973
1976
1976 1977
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
S O U R C E : Table C-7.
Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
gen nn
250 00
/;
225.00
/
200.00
/
175-00
/
ISO. 00
y
Manu! aoturl
225-00
200.00
'•
/
175-00
Ay
s r""
150.00
125.00
125.CO
***
100.00
100.00
\
Total jrlvat
75-00
75-00
1968
1868
1960
1881
186!
1969
1864
1866
1886
1867
1868
1666
1970
1971
1872
[873
1974
1876
1976
1877
1
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months'anrprellmlnary.
20
SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-8
50 .00
Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings
(Seasonally adjusted)
&0LUR5
SOD -00
200.00
J
ns.oo
y
t50.00
150.00
Gross earnings n ourrent doll
125 00
125.00
Gross earnings
100.00
100-00
Spendable earnings
In 1967 dollars'
•76.00
Spendable earr ings In current dollars,
50.QO LlulolJ..!
J I,.I..LI»I..I.J
,1
IJ68 1969 I960 1961 1962 1983 1964 t9SB
1966 10S7
I96B
1969 1910 1011 1912 1913
1914 1976 1976
191*7
1
Worker with three dependents.
NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.
SOURCE: Table C-8.
Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
(Seasonally adjusted)
PER 100 EMPLOYEES
7.5
Acc< ssion
A
\
/"^
J
:
A,
2.5
New hires
1968
19S9 1960 1961 1882 1963 1964 1966 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1912 1913 1914 1916 V916
1917
PER 100 EMPLOYEES
4.0
2.0
2.0
IS68
1969 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary.
1966 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1916 1916
0.0
1S77
SOURCE: Table D-3.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over;1947 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Year and month
Total
noninstitutional
population
Total labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Mnt in
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
2,311
2,276
3,637
3,288
2,055
3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3
42,477
42,447
42,708
42,787
42,604
labor
force
Annual averages
TOTAL
103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721
60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117
58.9
59.4
59.6
'59.9
60.4
59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017
57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961
7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726
49,148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235
108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811
65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409
60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343
69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031
60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2
66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459
64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746
5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200
58,123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546
2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714
4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7
45 336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312
122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180
73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893
59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
5.5
5.7
3.8
49,539
50,583
51,394
52 058
52 288
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596
80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929
60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0
77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113
74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120
3,844
3,817
3 606
3,462
3,387
70,527
72,103
74 296
75,165
75,732
2,975
2,817
2 832
4,088
4,993
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9
52,527
53,291
53 602
54,280
55,666
19721
1973
1974
1975
1976
145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048
88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917
61.0
61.4
61.8
61.8
62.1
86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773
81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485
3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297
78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188
4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
l
1957
1958
1959
1960 *
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1
5.2
4.5
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2
1976:
155,925
156,142
156,367
156,595
156,788
157,006
157,176
96,841
97,329
97,498
97,387
97,449
98,020
98,106
62.1
62.3
62.4
62.2
62.2
62.4
62.4
94,704
95,189
95,351
95,242
95,302
95,871
95,960
87,533
87,783
87,834
87,794
87,738
88,220
88,441
3,313
3,333
3,372
3,278
3,310
3,248
3,257
84,220
84,450
84,462
84,516
84,428
84,972
85,184
7,171
7.406
7,517
7,448
7,564
7,651
7,519
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8
59,084
58,813
58,869
59,209
59,340
58,986
59,071
157,381
157,584
157,782
157,986
158,228
158,456
97,649
98,282
98,677
98,892
99,286
99,770
62.0
62.4
62.5
62.6
62.7
63.0
95,516
96,145
96,539
96,760
97,158
97,641
88,558
88,962
89,475
90,023
90,408
90,679
3,090
3,090
3,116
3,260
3,386
3,338
85,468
85,872
86,359
86,763
87,022
87,341
6,958
7,183
7,064
6,737
6,750
6,962
7.3
7.5
7.3
7.0
6.9
7.1
59,732
59,302
59,104
59,094
58,943"
58,686
1977:
March.
April
Mav.
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments
in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under Household Data section
of Explanatory Notes.
22
3
Because seasonality, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Total
noninstiYear, month, and sex
Unemployed
Employed
tutional
Percent
popula-
of
tion
popula-
Not in
Total
tion
Nonagri-
Percent
labor
Agri-
cultural
of
force
culture
indus-
labor
force
tries
MALES
Annual averages
64,316
65,345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72,253
73,494
74,739
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,706
58,397
81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79,
79.
79.
78.
78.1
48,987
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359
47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
52,391
3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716
44,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,675
1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4,385
3,968
3.1
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0
11,919
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2
1976:
June•
July
August
September
October
November
December
,
.
74,671
74,774
74,881
74,990
75,095
75,198
75,325
58,293
58,560
58,602
58,641
58,791
58,929
58,987
78.1
78.3
78.7
78.2
78.3
78.4
78.3
56,263
56,527
56,564
56,606
56,754
56,887
56,951
52,332
52,507
52,596
52,546
52,576
52,643
52,799
2,754
2,773
2,768
2,691
2,688
2,625
2,624
49,578
49,734
49,828
49,855
49,888
50,018
50,175
3,931
4,020
3,968
4,060
4,178
4,244
4,152
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.5
7.3
16,378
16,214
16,279
16,349
16,304
16,269
16,338
75,422
75,519
75,610
75,706
75,823
75,932
58,654
58,976
59,007
59,060
59,346
59,581
77.8
78.1
78.0
78.0
78.3
78.5
56,632
56,950
56,982
57,041
57,331
57,567
52,918
53,046
53,270
53,575
53,722
53,987
2,548
2,546
2,544
2,626
2,724
2,698
50,370
50,500
50,726
50,949
50,998
51,289
3,714
3,904
3,712
3,466
3,609
3,580
6.6
6.9
6.5
6.1
6.3
6.2
16,768
16,543
16,603
16,646
16,477
16,351
69,003
70,217
71,476
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
79,954
81,309
,395
,242
,551
,560
,132
,320
,561
,892
,087
,520
41.2
41.6
42.7
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47.4
28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
38,414
26,893
27,807
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33,553
35,095
26,212
27,147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
31,827
32,825
32,973
34,513
1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,320
5.2
4.8
4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
40,608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
1977:
January
February
March
April
May
June
,
FEMALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 l
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
Annual averages
,
680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
579
582
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2
1976:
June
July
August....
September.
October...
November..
December..
81,254
81,368
81,486
81,605
81,694
81,808
81,851
38,548
38,769
38,896
38,745
38,657
39,093
39,118
47.4
47.6
47.7
47.5
47.3
47.8
47.8
38,441
38,662
38,787
38,636
38,548
38,984
39,009
35,201
35,276
35,238
35,248
35,162
35,577
35,642
559
560
604
587
622
623
633
34,642
34,716
34,634
34,661
34,540
34,594
35,009
3,240
3,386
3,549
3,388
3,386
3,407
3,367
8.4
8.8
9.1
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.6
42,706
42,599
42,590
42,860
43,037
42,715
42,733
81,959
82,065
82,172
82,280
82,405
82,524
38,995
39,306
39,671
39,832
39,940
40,190
47.6
47.9
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.7
38,884
39,195
39,557
39,719
39,827
40,074
35,640
35,916
36,205
36,448
36,686
36,692
542
544
572
634
662
640
35,098
35,372
35,633
35,814
36,024
36,052
3,244
3,279
3,352
3,271
3,141
3,382
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.2
7.9
8.4
42,964
42,759
42,501
42,448
42,465
42,334
1977:
January...
February..
March
April
May
June
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments
in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under Household Data section
of Explanatory Notes.
2
Because seasonality, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.
OQ
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Total labor force
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Sex, age, and race
Percent
of
population
Total
60,905
10,090
6,333
2,724
3,609
80.2
79.4
74.5
64.2
84.8
58,892
9,389
6,007
2,696
3,311
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
52,744
9,026
36,675
8,330
7,227
5,706
5,156
5,202
5,055
90.6
90.8
94.5
95.6
96.3
95.9
95.4
93.5
89.3
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
7,042
4,338
2,704
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
55,095
7,743
4,787
2,020
2,767
3,797
1,646
1,220
676
544
51,056
8,280
35,735
7,954
6,986
5,512
5,064
5,170
5,048
48,554
7,399
34,306
7,443
6,717
5,336
4,891
5,036
4,884
74.0
83.5
62.6
7,041
4,337
2,704
1,829
1,075
754
19.9
29.3
13.7
54,285
8,881
5,603
2,407
3,196
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Going
Unable
to
Total
Keeping
house
6.4
17.5
20.3
25.1
16.4
15,027
2,620
2,168
1,522
646
305
27
27
17
10
1,661
1,255
1,023
745
279
1,908
39
18
5
13
11,152
1,299
1,100
755
345
2,502
881
1,428
512
269
176
174
134
165
4.9
10.6
4.0
6.4
3.9
3.2
3.4
2.6
3.3
5,503
911
2,118
386
275
241
251
362
603
127
7
64
6
20
2
3
10
23
637
441
194
114
33
22
16
8
2
1,401
65
773
56
89
85
110
184
250
3,339
398
1,085
211
133
133
122
160
;
328
6,848
4,223
2,625
193
114
79
2.7
2.6
2.9
2,474
860
1,614
56
29
27
2
2
561
295
267
1,855
535
1,320
1,829
1,075
754
1,754
1,015
739
75
60
15
4.1
5.6
2.0
7,355
2,591
4,765
151
46
106
490
169
321
6,713
2,375
4,338
80.9
81.9
77.4
66.9
87.8
52,631
8,311
5,335
2,383
2,951
49,656
7,064
4,397
1,865
2,532
2,975
1,246
938
519
419
5.7
15.0
17.6
21.8
14.2
12,813
1,969
1,634
1,192
443
235
20
20
15
5
1,226
916
742
561
181
1,543
27
9
1
8
9,809
1,007
864
615
248
47,023
7,911
32,662
13,790
9,641
9,230
91.2
92.1
95.1
96.4
96.1
92.2
45,638
7,317
31,873
13,278
9,399
9,196
43,674
6,655
30,730
12,644
9,132
8,953
1,964
661
1,143
634
267
242
4.3
9.0
3.6
4.8
2.8
2.6
4,555
683
1,698
520
395
783
95
4
47
20
5
22
483
328
153
116
32
6
51
618
111
165
341
2,833
300
879
273
192
414
6,450
3,963
2,488
1,659
74.8
84.3
63.4
20.0
6,449
3,961
2,488
1,659
6,289
3,871
2,418
1,586
160
90
70
73
2.5
2.3
2.8
4.4
2,174
737
1,437
6,624
44
22
21
120
2
2
475
251
224
391
1,654
462
1,192
6,112
6,620
1,208
730
317
413
74.9
65.0
57.7
49.0
67.0
6,261
1,079
673
313
360
5,438
679
390
155
235
822
399
283
158
125
13.1
37.0
42.0
50.4
34.7
2,213
651
534
330
204
70
7
7
3
4
435
339
281
184
98
365
12
9
4
5
1,343
292
237
140
97
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,721
1,115
4,014
1,766
1,220
1,027
85.8
83.0
90.6
92.6
92.6
85.0
5,418
963
3,863
1,663
1,177
1,023
4,880
744
3,577
1,516
1,095
967
538
219
286
147
82
56
9.9
22.8
7.4
8.9
7.0
5.5
947
228
420
141
97
181
32
2
16
6
154
113
41
31
5
4
258
15
157
33
30
93
505
98
206
70
62
74
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
592
375
217
170
66.3
75.3
55.1
18.9
592
375
217
170
560
352
208
168
32
23
9
2
5.5
6.2
4.1
1.3
300
123
177
732
12
7
6
31
86
43
43
99
201
73
128
601
Number
Employed
to
school
Other
reasons
MALES
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
24
11
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Total labor force
Civilian labor force
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Sex, age, and race
Nun-
Percent
of
population
Total
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Employed
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
FEMALES
40,358
7,901
4,998
2,089
2,909
48.9
63.4
60.0
50.7
69.1
40,243
7,853
4,980
2,088
2,892
36,587
6,318
3,833
1,517
2,316
3,655
1,535
1,147
571
576
9,1
19.5
23.0
27.4
19.9
42,165
4,555
3,327
2,028
1,299
34,243
1,760
954
379
575
1,854
1,426
1,185
830
355
960
19
9
3
6
5,108
1,350
1,178
816
363
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
34,331
6,827
23,240
5,377
4,250
3,688
3,336
3,368
3,222
56.1
68.8
57.3
60.5
55.2
58.8
58.4
57.3
52.5
34,234 31,780
5,956
6,764
23,206 21,744
4,906
5,353
3,974
4,244
3,462
3,686
3,160
3,335
3,197
3,367
3,046
3,222
2,454
808
1,462
448
270
223
175
171
176
7,2
11.9
6,3
8.4
6.4
6.1
5.2
5.1
5.5
26,813
3,094
17,338
3,504
3,453
2,582
2,376
2,509
2,915
23,705
2,297
15,775
3,147
3,197
2,372
2,171
2,300
2,587
659
410
241
118
50
29
17
17
10
421
21
229
20
21
26
46
41
74
2,028
366
1,094
218
183
155
141
151
245
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
4,264
2,685
1,579
1,029
657
372
40.1
47.0
32.0
7.9
14.2
4.4
4,264
2,685
1,579
1,029
657
111
4,080
2,570
1,510
975
623
352
184
115
69
54
34
20
4.3
4,3
4,4
5.2
5.2
5.3
6,382
3,028
3,353
12,025
3,971
8,054
5,635
2,732
2,902
9,583
3,351
6,232
8
4
4
10
4
5
171
83
88
530
71
459
568
209
359
1,902
545
1,357
34,993
6,952
4,423
1,848
2,575
48.5
66.0
62.9
53,3
72.2
34,899
6,912
4,407
1,847
2,560
32,092
5,762
3,545
1,413
2,132
2,807
1,151
862
434
428
8.0
16.6
19.6
23.5
16.7
37,179
3,587
2,611
1,619
993
30,598
1,406
757
299
458
1,387
1,053
873
624
248
765
17
7
2
5
4,429
1,113
975
693
282
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
29,649
5,894
19,936
8,160
6,003
5,773
55.6
69.8
56.6
57.1
58.0
54.5
29,571
5,844
19,909
8,136
6,001
5,772
27,681
5,247
18,775
7,596
5,694
5,484
1,890
596
1,135
540
306
288
6.4
10.2
5.7
6.6
5.1
5.0
23,631
2,546
15,310
6,133
4,348
4,828
21,040
1,932
13,987
5,606
4,008
4,373
505
306
194
133
41
19
324
19
166
35
43
87
1,762
289
964
359
256
349
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
3,818
2,412
1,407
921
39.8
47.0
31.6
7.8
3,818
2,412
1,407
921
3,659
2,412
1,346
867
159
99
61
54
4.2
4.1
4.3
5.8
5,776
2,725
3,051
10,936
5,121
2,478
2,643
8,801
6
2
4
9
139
65
74
434
509
179
330
1,692
5,366
949
576
241
335
51.8
49.5
44.6
37.1
52.2
5,344
941
573
241
332
4,495
557
288
104
184
849
384
285
137
148
15.9
40.8
49.7
56.9
44.5
4,987
967
716
409
307
3,645
355
197
80
117
467
374
312
206
107
195
2
2
1
1
679
237
204
123
81
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
4,682
933
3,304
1,467
1,020
817
59.5
63.0
62.0
64.1
62.6
57.8
4,663
920
3,297
1,461
1,020
816
4,099
708
2,970
1,284
928
758
564
212
328
177
92
59
12.1
23.0
9,9
12.1
9.0
7.2
3,182
548
2,029
823
609
597
2,665
364
1,787
738
535
514
154
104
48
36
5
7
97
2
63
7
28
29
266
77
130
42
41
47
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
446
273
172
108
42.4
47.4
36.3
9.0
445
273
172
108
421
257
164
108
25
16
9
5.5
5.9
4.9
.1
606
303
303
1,089
514
254
259
782
2
2
32
18
14
96
59
30
29
210
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4.
Labor force by sex, age, and race
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Sex,age, and race
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
59,559
6,018
2,524
3,494
60,905
6,333
2,724
2,609
79.8
70.9
59.7
82.0
80.2
74.5
64.2
84.8
57,528
5,678
2,497
3,181
58,892
6,007
2,696
3,311
79.2
69.7
59.4
80.6
79.7
73.5
63.9
83.7
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
8,782
35,974
15,014
10,583
10,378
9,026
36,675
15,557
10,862
10,257
90.1
94.3
95.7
95.0
91.7
90.8
94.5
8,280
35,735
89.3
94.2
90.1
94.4
95.9
95.7
91.4
8,029
35,040
14,407
10,293
10,339
14,941
10,576
10,218
95.6
94.8
91.7
95.8
95.6
91.4
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,960
4,215
2,746
1,824
7,042
4,338
2,704
1,829
74.4
83.3
64.0
20.4
74.0
83.5
62.6
19.9
6,959
4,213
2,746
1,824
7,041
4,337
2,704
1,829
74.4
83.3
64.0
20.4
74.0
83.4
62.6
19.9
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
53,200
5,358
2,244
3,113
54,285
5,603
2,407
3,196
80.5
74.1
62.6
85.3
80.9
77.4
66.9
87.8
51,510
5,070
2,220
2,850
52,631
5,335
2,383
2,951
80.0
73.0
62.3
84.2
80.4
76.5
66.7
87.0
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
7,693
32,119
13,338
9,418
9,363
7,911
32,662
13,790
9,641
9,230
91.2
94.9
96.3
95.5
92.5
92.1
95.1
96.4
96.1
92.2
7,087
31,325
12,826
9,171
9,328
7,317
31,873
13,278
9,399
9,196
90.5
94.8
96.1
95.4
92.5
91.5
94.9
96.2
96.0
92.1
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,395
3,857
2,538
1,635
6,450
3,963
2,488
1,659
75.4
84.2
65.2
20.3
74.8
84.3
63.4
6,393
3,855
2,538
6,449
3,961
2,488
75.4
84.2
65.2
74.8
84.3
63.4
20.0
1,635
1,659
20.3
20.0
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
6,358
6,620
74.9
57.7
49.0
67.0
6,261
730
317
413
73.8
52.6
43.5
62.1
6,018
660
280
381
608
277
331
673
313
360
72.8
50.5
43.3
58.8
73.9
55.7
48.6
63.8
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1,089
3,855
1,676
1,165
1,014
1,115
4,014
1,766
1,220
1,027
83.6
89.5
91.9
90.5
84.7
83.0
90.6
92.6
92.6
85.0
942
963
3,714
1,581
1,122
1,011
3,863
1,663
1,177
1,023
81.5
89.1
91.4
90.2
84.7
80.9
90.2
92.2
92.4
84.9
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
566
358
208
188
592
375
217
170
64.7
74.9
52.4
21.6
66.3
75.3
55.1
18.9
566
358
208
188
592
375
217
170
64.7
74.9
52.4
21.6
66.3
75.3
55.1
18.9
MALES
White
Black and other
26
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Sex,age, and race
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
38,693
4,749
2,006
2,742
40,358
4,998
2,089
2,909
47.6
57.1
48.9
65.2
48.9
60.0
50.7
69.1
38,586
4,729
2,006
2,723
40,243
4,980
2,088
2,892
47.6
57.0
48.9
65.1
48.8
59.9
50.7
69.0
20 to 24 years . .
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
6,507
22,192
8,897
6,701
6,594
6,827
23,240
9,627
7,024
6,590
67.0
55.6
55.5
57.0
54.3
68.8
57.3
58.1
58.6
54.9
6,448
22,164
8,873
6,698
6,593
6,764
23,206
9,597
7,020
6,589
66.8
55.5
55.4
57.0
54.3
68.6
57.2
58.0
58.6
54.8
55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,214
2,648
1,566
1,031
4,264
2,685
1,579
1,029
40.2
47.5
31.9
8.0
40.1
47.0
32.0
7.9
4,214
2,648
1,566
1,031
4,264
2,685
1,579
1,029
40.2
47.5
31.9
8.0
40.1
47.0
32.0
16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
33,583
4,239
1,781
2,458
34,993
4,423
1,848
2,575
47.2
60.3
51.5
68.8
48.5
62.9
53.3
72.2
33,495
4,222
1,781
2,441
34,899
4,407
1,847
2,560
47.1
60.2
51.5
68.7
48,4
62.8
53.3
72.1
20 to 24 years . .
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,612
19,016
7,497
5f7l2
5,807
5,894
19,936
8,160
6,003
5,773
67.7
54.7
54.1
56.2
54.1
69.8
56.6
57.1
58.0
54.5
5,564
18,993
7,477
5,709
5,806
5,844
19,909
8,136
6,001
5,772
67.6
54.7
54.1
56.2
54.1
69.7
56.5
57.0
58.0
54.5
55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,808
2,398
1,410
908
3,818
2,412
1,407
921
40.3
47.8
31.8
7.8
39.8
47.0
31.6
7.8
3,808
2,398
1,410
908
3,818
2,412
1,407
921
40.3
47.8
31.8
7.8
39.8
47.0
31.6
7.8
16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,110
510
225
285
5,366
576
241
335
50.8
39.9
34.9
45.0
51.8
44.6
37.1
52.2
5,091
507
225
282
5,344
573
241
332
50.7
39.8
34.9
44.8
51.7
44.5
37.1
52.0
20 to 24 years . ,
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
896
3,177
1,400
990
787
933
3,304
1,467
1,020
817
62.6
61.4
63.9
62.4
56.4
63,0
62.0
64.1
62.6
57.8
884
3,173
1,396
989
787
920
3,297
1,461
1,020
816
62.3
61.4
63.9
62.4
56.4
62.7
61.9
64.0
62.6
57.8
55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
405
249
156
123
446
273
172
108
39.4
44.9
33.0
10.6
42.4
47.4
36.3
9.0
405
249
156
123
445
273
172
108
39.4
44.9
33.0
10.6
42.4
47.4
36.3
9.0
7.9
Black and other
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5.
Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Civilian labor force
Employed
Sex and aga
Unemployed
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Total
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Total
16 years and over
18 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 10 years
10,020
1,107
498
609
8,503
567
222
345
222
32
20
12
8,281
535
202
333
1,517
540
276
264
15.1
48.7
55.4
43.3
6,289
1,118
670
449
20 to 24 years
26 to 64 years
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1,635
6,095
2,660
1,874
1,561
1,238
5,566
2,368
1,727
1,471
38
106
34
26
46
1,200
5,461
2,335
1,702
1,425
397
528
292
147
89
24.3
8.7
11.0
7.8
5.7
669
2,062
747
610
706
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
925
579
346
258
875
544
332
256
35
22
13
12
841
522
319
243
49
35
14
3
5.3
6.1
4.1
1.1
819
390
429
1,620
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,366
606
284
322
4,628
342
139
203
175
26
14
12
4,452
315
125
190
738
264
145
120
13.8
43.6
51.0
37.2
1,974
481
304
177
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
827
3,264
1,393
996
875
630
3,018
1,262
923
833
21
86
29
25
34
609
2,933
1,233
900
800
197
246
131
73
42
23.8
7.5
9.4
7.3
4.8
192
383
114
93
176
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
514
324
190
155
485
304
181
152
30
19
11
12
455
285
170
140
29
20
9
3
5.6
6.1
4.6
1.6
282
119
163
636
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
4,654
501
214
287
3,875
226
83
143
47
5
5
0
3,829
220
77
143
779
275
131
144
16.7
55.0
61.3
50.2
4,316
637
366
272
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
808
2,831
1,268
878
686
607
2,549
1,107
804
638
17
20
5
2
13
591
2,528
1,102
802
625
200
283
161
74
48
24.8
10.0
12.7
8.4
7.0
477
1,680
634
516
530
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
411
255
156
104
390
239
151
103
5
3
2
__
386
237
149
103
21
15
6
__
5.0
6.0
3.5
__
537
271
266
984
Females
NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
28
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-6.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and race
Females, 20 years and over
Males, 2 0 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
155,925
98,251
63.0
96,114
88,460
3,780
84,680
7,655
8.0
57,674
158,456
101,264
63.9
99,135
91,682
3,820
87,862
7,453
7.5
57,192
66,182
53,541
80.9
51,851
48,871
2,588
46,283
2,980
5.7
12,641
67,431
54,573
80.9
52,885
50,308
2,536
47,772
2,577
4.9
12,858
72,944
33,944
46.5
33,857
31,429
596
30,833
2,428
7.2
39,000
74,198
35,360
47.7
35,263
32,755
32,064
2,508
7.1
38,838
16,799
10,767
64.1
10,407
8,160
596
7,564
2,247
21.6
6,032
16,827
11,331
67.3
10,987
8,620
594
8,025
2,367
21.5
5,495
137,251
86,783
63.2
85,005
78,987
3,490
75,496
6,018
7.1
50,468
139,270
89,278
64.1
87,530
81,749
3,543
78,206
5,781
6.6
49,992
58,825
47,843
81.3
46,440
44,051
2,384
41,666
2,390
5.1
10,983
59,861
48,682
81.3
47,297
45,260
2,350
42,910
2,037
4.3
11,179
64,158
29,244
45.7
29,272
27,365
548
26,817
1,907
65,137
30,570
46.9
30,492
28,548
635
27,913
1,944
6.4
34,567
14,267
9,597
67.3
9,292
7,571
558
7,013
1,721
18.5
4,670
14,272
10,02 6
70.3
9,742
7,941
558
7,383
1,800
18.5
4,246
18,674
11,468
61.4
11,110
9,473
289
9,184
1,637
14.7
7,206
19,186
11,986
62.5
11,605
9,933
277
9,656
1,671
14.4
7,200
7,356
5,698
77.5
5,410
4,821
204
4,617
590
10.9
1,658
7,570
5,891
77.8
5,588
5,048
186
4,862
540
9.7
8,786
4,600
52.4
4,585
9,061
4,790
52.9
4,771
4,207
55
4,151
564
11.8
4,271
2,532
1,170
46.2
1,115
589
37
551
526
47.2
1,362
2,555
1,305
51.1
1,246
678
36
642
567
45.5
1,250
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
690
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
6.5
34,814
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
A-7.
4,064
48
4,016
521
11.4
4,185
1,679
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
June 197"1
Employment status
Both
sexes
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force
White
Total
Black and other
Both
sexes
Males
Females
Both
sexes
Males
Females
25,166
12,710
12,456
21,390
10,851
10,540
17,991
71.5
17,242
14,062
10,090
79.4
9,389
7,743
7,901
63.4
7,853
6,318
15,834
74.0
15,223
12,826
8,881
81.9
8,311
7,064
6,952
66.0
6,912
5,762
Males
Females
3,775
1,859
1,916
2,157
1,208
949
57.1
65.0
1,079
679
39
640
399
37.0
316
83
651
49.5
941
557
13
544
384
40.8
293
91
967
94
52
__
52
2,019
1,236
807
641
166
755
601
153
52
13,255
3,181
18.4
2,382
7,102
1,646
17.5
1,268
6,152
1,535
19.5
1,115
12,071
2,397
15.7
1,773
6,463
1,246
15.0
5,608
1,151
16.6
1,184
798
378
420
624
951
295
822
329
609
174
7,175
2,620
4,555
5,557
1,969
3,587
1,618
1,202
619
412
24
388
207
33.4
112
95
1,255
583
404
7
396
1,019
726
30
696
530
374
23
351
293
28.7
144
149
1,968
156
29.4
85
71
916
183
90
1
89
93
89
38
1
37
179
30.7
78
101
1,426
488
352
7
344
137
28.0
50.8
46
48
713
57.3
44.7
26
25
339
19
23
374
7,270
5,915
14,204
12,100
724
11,376
2,104
14.8
1,629
7,780
6,690
579
6,111
1,090
14.0
866
22 5
1,054
1,836
1,146
51
1,094
690
37.6
564
127
905
990
846
504
13
492
342
783
38.8
MAJOR ACTIVITY: GOING TO SCHOOL
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force
816
31
785
386
32.1
189
197
2,681
58
79
1,053
51
42
MAJOR ACTIVITY: OTHER
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force
16,040
13,246
776
12,470
2,795
17.4
2,193
602
4,493
8,770
7,331
617
6,714
1,439
16.4
1,156
283
1,365
159
5,756
1,356
18.6
1,037
319
475
3,129
3,588
6,424
5,410
146
5,264
1,014
15.8
763
250
2,535
641
38
603
348
35.2
290
58
311
40.4
274
68
594
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Unemployed
(looking for
Race, sex, and age
Total
Fulltime
schedules1
Part
Employed
full-time work)
Total
time for
Number
reasons
(looking for
part-time work)
part time 1
Percent of
economic
on voluntary
Percent of
Number
full-time
part-time
labor force
labor force
TOTAL
Both sexes 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
86,231
13,085
7,597
2,639
4,957
78,634
13,465
65,169
53,558
11,611
75,918
8,925
4,553
1,240
3,314
71,364
11,181
60,183
49,409
10,774
4,193
1,778
1,355
6,120
2,382
1,689
653
701
746
942
2,838
4,431
1,472
2,959
2,566
393
54 943
7,490
4,420
50,523
7,679
42,844
35,053
7,791
49,546
5,302
2,821
46,725
6,464
40,261
32,921
7,340
2,119
31,288
5,596
3,176
28,111
5,785
22,326
18,506
3,820
26,371
3,622
1,732
24,639
4,717
19,922
16,487
3,434
2,074
49,126
6,616
3,920
45,206
6,781
38,425
31,286
7,139
811
2,027
1,583
443
7.1
18.2
22.2
28.3
19.0
5.6
10.9
4.5
4.8
3.4
12,904
4,157
3,390
2,145
1,245
9,514
1,579
7,935
5,383
2,552
11,571
3,359
2,711
1,644
1,068
8,860
1,363
7,497
5,058
2,439
1,333
3,430
1,521
1,261
2,168
519
798
679
501
177
654
217
437
325
112
1,414
2,383
4.7
3,949
1,899
1,587
2,362
421
993
761
794
10.3
601
514
1,589
1,369
219
3.7
3.9
1,761
1,654
683
623
378
326
194
86
108
59
2.8
1,079
1,031
48
2,842
1,115
9.1
19.9
25.0
8,142
1,838
1,450
6,691
3,278
1,268
920
704
895
232
6.0
16.9
20.2
7.3
678
11.7
978
848
1,034
822
212
1,370
1,196
175
6.1
6.5
4.6
6,174
4,701
1,473
5,843
4,435
1,408
44,794
4,875
2,627
42,167
5,833
36,334
29,573
6,762
1,764
2,568
790
610
951
683
1,154
1,885
3,505
1,695
1,414
2,091
3,098
1,400
1,159
1,939
353
801
614
596
535
470
1,556
1,469
587
543
188
1,289
1,099
190
295
255
152
66
86
44
2.7
969
926
43
26,831
4,895
2,777
24,054
4,973
19,081
15,625
3,457
22,929
3,300
1,608
21,321
4,145
17,176
14,061
3,115
1,752
773
589
1,163
2,150
822
579
1,570
8,067
2,017
1,630
6,438
7,411
1,689
1,347
6,064
657
329
283
374
332
831
645
495
8.0
16.8
20.9
6.5
10.0
871
770
1,075
918
5.6
5.9
186
156
4.5
5,567
4,285
1,283
5,294
4,068
1,225
101
273
216
5,817
4,752
355
710
331
113
428
194
5,317
4,558
898
631
3,927
3,348
578
316
212
498
199
299
270
6.8
7.2
205
173
271
65
206
96
121
102
229
44
185
80
83
71
42
21
21
16
55 years and over
4,419
3,767
652
130
94
260
68
192
148
12.2
36.2
42.4
444
874
500
45
29
4.4
110
104
5
Females, 16 years and over
4,456
3,442
322
692
731
157
322
124
86
61
261
58
203
177
26
293
214
478
183
295
278
17
15.5
41.8
53.7
11.8
22.5
888
701
399
240
174
714
107
607
416
190
149
103
627
78
549
366
183
91
70
86
29
57
50
7
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over
8.2
14.4
6.1
8.6
4.4
9.1
2,048
20 to 24 years
13.2
19.9
20.5
18.6
19.6
390
794
5.5
6.0
4.4
813
1,424
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
858
650
6.9
13.7
420
353
460
130
330
8,955
2,258
1,803
7,152
Females 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
10.3
19.2
20.0
23.4
14.3
266
64
6.4
13.3
5.3
5.7
4.3
White
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over . . . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
...
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females 16 vears and nvpr
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over .
..
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
..
5.2
14.4
17.4
4.2
8.8
3.4
3.5
407
56
11.6
17.4
18.0
7.3
12.2
5.5
7.5
4.4
8.1
16.3
17.4
5.8
11.6
4.9
5.0
4.4
Black and other
Males 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
.
.
...
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
.
.
. .
4,057
3,319
813
572
3,244
2,881
2,747
2,426
364
319
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.
30
2
9.4
22.1
9.1
9.6
4.7
Percent not shown where base is less than 75.000.
25.4
40.7
40.9
15.5
(2)
10.2
16.7
4.5
17.7
37.9
40.5
12.1
27.2
9.4
12.0
3.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age
Females
Males
Age
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1 977
June
1976
June
1977
4,140
3,797
7.2
6.4
3,515
3,655
9.1
9.1
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,160
610
551
2,980
995
1,985
846
390
370
281
166
114
98
1,220
676
544
2,577
881
1,696
781
349
298
193
114
79
75
20.4
24.4
17.3
5.7
12.4
4.5
5.9
3.8
3.6
4.0
3.9
4.2
5.4
20.3
25.1
16.4
4.9
10.6
3.8
5.2
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.9
4.1
1,087
579
508
2,428
796
1,632
713
380
299
197
128
69
44
1,147
571
576
2,508
808
1,700
111
398
347
184
115
69
54
23.0
28.9
18.7
7.2
12.3
6.0
8.0
5.7
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.3
23.0
27.4
19.9
7.1
11.9
6.0
7.5
5.7
5.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
5.2
Household heads, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
2,004
354
1,296
354
1,620
273
1,089
258
4.4
8.3
4.0
4.2
3.5
6.4
3.3
3.0
586
116
387
83
605
124
376
105
6.9
9.7
7.5
3.8
6.7
9.5
6.8
4.8
Total, 16 years and over
A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Males
Marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
7.2
6.4
3,515
3,655
9.1
9.1
4.0
8.3
3.1
8.0
14.9
1,431
522
1,562
1,398
544
1,713
6.7
7.5
15.2
6.4
7.4
15.4
6.4
5.7
2,744
2,807
8.2
8.0
3.6
7.3
14.3
2.8
7.6
13.0
1,210
378
1,155
1,172
410
1,225
6.3
6.7
13.1
6.0
6.8
12.9
14.4
13.1
771
849
15.1
15.9
211
73
538
7.5
12.3
29.0
5.8
9.7
28.6
221
144
406
227
134
488
9.8
10.6
27.6
9.6
9.9
30.0
2,882
2,502
5.8
4.9
2,384
2,454
7.3
7.2
1,461
301
1,119
1,159
321
1,022
3.8
8.3
13.4
3.0
8.3
11.3
1,338
484
563
1,305
501
649
6.5
7.7
9.5
6.2
7.4
10.1
2,311
1,964
5.2
4.3
1,864
1,890
6.6
6.4
1,216
215
880
953
248
764
3.5
7.3
12.2
2.7
7.9
9.8
1,131
343
391
1,084
369
438
6.1
6.8
7.9
5.8
6.8
8.2
571
538
10.9
9.9
520
564
11.7
12.1
245
86
239
206
73
258
7.3
12.3
20.6
5.9
10.2
21.2
207
142
172
221
132
211
9.4
11.2
17.2
9.6
10.3
19.7
June
1977
Total, 16 years and over
4,140
3,797
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,578
323
2,238
1,245
326
2,226
3,274
2,975
1,316
231
1,728
1,034
253
1,688
865
822
262
92
510
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over . . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
June
1977
June
1976
White, 16 years and over
Females
June
1976
16.2
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-11.
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Occupation
Total
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindled workers
Carpenters and other construction craft
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1
Total
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
7,655
2,147
461
295
317
1,074
2,881
766
390
376
1,219
252
644
202
442
1,216
77
1,138
121
1,290
1,065
166
60
7,453
2,080
473
262
325
1,019
2,477
627
307
320
1,060
204
586
155
431
1,224
76
1,148
139
1,532
1,225
205
102
8.0
4,7
3.5
3.1
5.4
6.5
8.8
6.3
10.0
4.5
10,5
7.0
11.9
18,8
10,2
9.2
6.5
9.4
3,6
Females
June
1977
7,5
4.5
3.5
2,7
5,4
6,0
7,3
4,9
7.5
3.7
9.2
5.4
10.2
13.3
9,4
8,8
6.3
9.0
4,1
June
1976
June
1977
7,2
3,7
2.8
2.8
3.9
7,3
8,1
6.2
10.0
4.2
9.0
7.1
12.1
18.9
10.3
9,0
6,4
3,1
2,5
2.1
3.8
5.8
6.6
4.8
7,5
3.5
7,9
5,2
10.1
13.7
9,1
8,0
9.0
2.9
8.0
3,8
CD
June
1976
9.1
5,7
4.3
4.2
7.3
6.2
11.8
7.5
(1)
7,2
12,8
5,5
9,5
June
1977
9,1
5,8
4.8
4,6
7.4
6,1
10,5
6,4
CD
5,8
11.1
9.0
11.2
CD
CD
9.6
9,3
6,7
9.7
6.9
11,9
9,3
6,3
9.8
5,5
June
1976
June
1977
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry
Total
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment . . .
Instruments and related products . . . .
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries . . .
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
32
Total
June
1976
June
1977
100.0
69.8
,4
8.2
20.7
11,8
.7
,5
100.0
65.8
.5
6.9
17,7
9.2
,4
.7
.7
.8
1.1
1.5
1,7
1.2
.5
.7
.4
.8
8,5
2,4
.8
2,0
,5
.9
.5
.7
.6
2,8
.2
1.8
.8
20 3
.6
1.1
1.8
1.9
1.8
2,0
,9
1.0
,4
1.0
8,8
2,0
1,3
1,8
,8
,9
,9
,5
,8
3,2
,4
2,2
,6
20,1
2.7
14,6
6,0
8,6
2,0
11,3
16.9
2.5
15.1
6.4
8.7
2.2
11.5
20,5
June
1976
8,0
7,7
3.7
13.7
7.4
7.1
7.7
7,4
6.2
5.9
8.7
6.3
6,4
7,4
6.6
8.5
6,5
10,5
7,7
8.5
9,9
9.4
8.6
5.1
5,7
6.2
8.3
5,1
4.7
7.4
2.4
8.7
4,5
7,3
5,5
9,5
9,1
3.6
June
1977
7.5
6.9
4.2
10.5
6.1
5.4
4.0
9.9
6.8
4.1
5.5
4.7
5,7
4.0
3.1
5.4
4.9
9,6
7.2
9.3
6.1
10,9
5.4
5.2
3.4
7.7
7.4
4.2
2.6
5.8
2,8
8.2
3.9
7.0
5.5
8.9
9.1
3.5
June
1976
7.2
7.2
3.8
14.1
6.2
6.4
7.3
8.1
6.6
5.8
8.5
5.9
4.2
7.1
6.6
7.6
3.3
6.8
5.8
6.3
7.1
8.7
8.2
3.9
3.5
4.2
7.2
5.1
4.8
7.6
1.4
7.4
4,4
7.2
5,1
8.9
7.5
3.2
June
1977
6.4
6.0
3.3
10.4
4.9
4.8
4.2
10.1
7.6
4.2
5.5
4.6
4.1
3.5
2.8
4.4
4.0
6.8
5.1
6.2
6.7
7.1
3.3
5.7
2.8
5.6
3.1
3.7
2.8
5,3
1.9
6.7
3.0
6.6
4.0
8.7
8.9
2.8
9.1
9.1
8.5
8.2
3.3
7.0
12.5
10.0
9.6
10.0
5.8
4.3
7.2
9.4
8.2
9.5
9.4
6.7
12.2
11.5
17.3
10.6
13.7
13.0
9.6
9.9
7.1
11.7
10.0
10.4
4.9
(1)
6.5
4.1
10.2
4.6
7.4
5.6
10.0
15.4
4.2
CD
8.8
7.1
3,0
9.4
3.7
3.9
5.7
5.0
8.0
6.7
4.3
10.0
6.3
13.2
10.3
16.6
5.5
11.8
11.7
4.3
5.3
11.6
12.6
5.7
CD
8.0
4,5
10.0
4.6
7.3
6.2
9.0
9.7
4.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment
Males, 20 years
and over
Females, 20 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19 years
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
7,655
3 286
7,453
2 687
2,980
1 951
2,577
1 493
2,428
1,010
2,508
914
2,247
325
White
Black and other
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
2,367 6,018
281 2,643
5,781
2,169
1,637
643
1,671
519
111
408
120
584
448
June
1977
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands
Job losers
On layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
.
.
956
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.5
11.9
43.9
11.9
32.0
11.9
28.3
15.9
37.5
39.3
31.0
3.4
9.8
7.9
6.6
27.7
13.4
30.4
18.7
31.4
24.4
7.6
7.2
32.9
20.2
35.0
26.8
7.1
3.1
.8
2.0
1.1
6.6
2.4
.9
2.0
1.2
14.7
14.4
5.8
1.1
4.8
3.0
4.5
1.0
5.0
3.9
64
217
155
707
716
566
1,927
1,603
1,061
1,224
839
894
2,339
1,532
321
616
92
300
643
141
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.9
11.0
31.9
11.0
29.3
16.8
36.1
65.4
16.3
49.1
10.8
20.7
57.9
13.2
44.7
11.6
24.9
41.6
11.6
30.0
16.2
36.7
36.4
10.9
25.5
17.5
39.5
3.1
5.5
5.5
6.6
8.0
3.4
.9
2.3
1.3
7.5
2.7
.9
2.4
1.5
5.7
3.7
.6
1.2
.2
4.9
2.8
.6
1.2
.3
7.2
3.0
1.2
2.6
.4
7.1
2.6
1.2
2.8
.5
487
340
1,464
1,152
• •
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
774
1,755
1,084
76
249
124
737
2,244
1,286
677
2,011
Total unemployed, percent
distribution
Job losers
On lavoff
714
1,706
129
514
125
538
330
273
641
439
990
166
282
728
393
891
133
845
2,441
..
9.1
27.0
12.0
31.4
20.6
5.5
2.7
9.2
6.6
32.8
47.2
29.9
51.7
21.6
21.5
11.1
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate^
Job leaver rate
Reentrant rate
New entrant rate^
1
..
3.1
1.2
7.1
2.6
1.4
6.4
10.2
11.1
Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]
June 1977
7,453
100.0
24.7
15 to 26
weeks
10.9
2,687
37.3
55.6
31.2
54.3
59.4
67.8
24.4
20.4
25.8
18.7
23.9
20.7
38.3
24.0
43.1
27.0
16.0
12.1
17.3
10.9
22.3
11.9
25.8
16.1
16.7
11.5
8.8
4.9
7.9
6.6
of persons
....
5 to 14
weeks
22.8
5 weeks
52.6
Thousands
Total, 16 years and over
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
Percent
Less than
15 weeks
and over
27 weeks
and over
13.8
Job leavers
894
Reentrants
2,339
1,532
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2,577
100.0
41.6
21.5
36.9
14.1
22.8
1,493
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.6
52.2
28.1
53.5
51.0
57.7
22.6
19.9
23.4
16.6
21.8
17.6
43.8
27.8
48.5
29.9
27.2
24.6
16.9
11.4
18.6
12.0
11.8
--
26.9
16.4
29.9
17.9
15.4
24.6
13.7
19.4
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
677
2,011
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over
....
Job losers
340
On layoff
1,152
1,300
Other job losers
Job leavers
643
141
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over
..
Job losers
.
Both sexes, 16 t o 19 years . . .
Other job losers
Job leavers . . .
Reentrants
New entrants
48.2
26.3
25.4
914
37.2
56.8
28.9
49.9
55.7
60.0
27.3
20.9
30.1
19.2
28.9
24.6
35.5
22.3
41.0
30.9
15.5
15.6
16.1
13.9
17.0
11.4
24.0
19.5
990
166
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.9
5.4
10.2
2,367
100.0
69.0
20.5
10.4
6.4
4.1
281
64
217
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.3
CD
54.1
68.8
72.1
70.0
24.9
(1)
26.1
20.8
18.8
20.6
17.8
(1)
19.7
10.4
10.3
(1)
11.0
7.5
641
439
New entrants
Job losers
On layoff
100.0
273
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants . .
2,508
11.7
155
707
1,224
9.1
9.5
7.8
6.1
5.5
8.4
6.6
CD
8.7
2.6
3.0
4.0
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
June 1977
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Average
Sex, age, and race
Total
Total
Public
Private
employ-
employ-
Employer
ment
ment
directly
agency
agency
Placed
number of
Friends
Other
methods
unem-
job-
ployed
seekers
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,453
2,367
1,689
1,498
748
645
377
129
6,516
2,207
1,484
1,290
613
520
285
117
26.7
19.3
31.4
31.7
31.6
26.2
28.4
22.2
6.7
3.9
8.3
9.0
9.3
7.1
5.3
4.3
73.1
78.9
73.5
71.8
68.7
58.8
68.8
66.7
28.5
23.2
32,
32,
31,
27,
26,
25.6
13.1
12.3
12.9
13.9
12.4
15.0
12.6
19.7
7.1
5.4
5.6
7.1
8.0
13.3
15.1
5.1
1.55
1.43
1.64
1.66
1.61
1.48
1.57
1.44
Males, 16 years and over. . ,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,797
1,220
881
781
349
298
193
75
3,289
1,138
757
658
282
237
145
72
29.2
19.2
33.6
38.0
41.1
27.4
26.2
CD
7.1
3.5
7.0
12.9
11.3
5.5
6.2
(1)
73.3
79.5
77.0
70.1
66.7
57.8
64.8
CD
26.7
20.0
31.4
32.2
34.4
22.4
22.8
CD
15.3
13.7
16.2
16.3
13.8
18.1
13.8
CD
9.1
6.1
6.9
8.1
13.1
21.1
22.8
1.61
1.42
1.72
1.78
1.80
1.52
1.57
CD
Females, 16 years and over,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
,
3,655
1,147
808
398
347
184
54
3,227
1,069
727
632
331
283
141
45
24.2
19.5
29.2
25.2
23.6
25.1
30.5
72.8
78.4
69.9
73.7
70.4
60.1
73.0
CD
30.3
26.6
34.0
32.8
29.0
32.2
29.8
CD
11.0
10.9
9.4
11.4
11.2
12.7
11.3
5.0
4.7
4.1
6.2
3.9
6.7
7.1
CD
6.3
4.2
9.6
4.9
7.6
8.5
4.3
(1)
CD
CD
1.50
1.44
1.56
1.54
1.46
1.45
1.56
CD
White
Males
Females
5,781
2,975
2,807
4,978
2,557
2,421
24.2
27.5
20.8
6.3
6.6
5.9
74.3
73.8
74.9
30.6
28.4
32.8
13.1
15.4
10.8
6.9
9.2
4.4
1.55
1.61
1.50
Black and other
Males
Females
1,671
822
849
1,538
732
806
34.8
35.1
34.4
8.1
9.0
7.3
69.1
71.9
66.6
21.8
20.8
22.7
13.1
15.0
11.5
7.8
8.9
6.8
1.55
1.61
1.49
1
111
answered
ads
or
relatives
CD
used
waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It
should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or
A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
June 1977
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed
7,453
2,687
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
Total
jobseekers
6,516
2,004
894
881
2,339
. 1,532
2,150
1,481
3,797
1,667
3,289
1,288
Job leavers
379
Reentrants
1,012
739
370
918
712
3,655
1,020
3,227
716
Job leavers
..
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 16 years and over
Job losers
New entrants
Females, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
....
...
.
....
New entrants
NOTE: See note, table A-15.
34
515
510
1,327
1,231
793
769
Public
employment
agency
26.7
34.0
31.8
22.9
19.2
29.2
34.2
34.1
25.9
21.8
24.2
33.8
30.0
20.6
16.9
Private
employment
agency
6.7
8.5
7.2
6.5
4.3
7.1
9.2
6.8
6.4
4.5
6.3
7.1
7.5
6.6
4.2
Employer
directly
Placed
or answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
Other
7.1
9.5
73.1
71.1
70.8
71.1
79.9
28.5
33.2
32.6
28.2
20.2
13.1
14.6
10.9
12.9
12.7
73.3
70.3
73.0
71.5
81.5
26.7
31.8
28.4
26.5
17.0
15.3
16.0
13.2
16.1
14.0
9.1
11.5
72.8
72.5
69.4
71.0
78.4
30.3
35.8
35.5
29.5
23.1
11.0
12.2
5.0
6.0
9.2
2.5
5.8
4.7
10.6
11.4
4.9
7.1
5.1
8.1
9.0
5.5
Average
number of
methods
used
1.55
1.71
1.58
1.49
1.41
1.61
1.73
1.64
1.55
1.44
1.50
1.67
1.54
1.44
1.39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Household heads
Total
June
1977
June
1976
Total
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
.
.
. . . .
Average (mean) duration
A-18.
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
7,655
7,453
100.0
100,0
2,590
2,226
100.0
100.0
3,497
1,861
1,381
480
2,297
905
1,392
734
658
3,917
1,699
1,252
447
1,836
809
1,028
509
519
45.7
24.3
18.0
6.3
30.0
11.8
18.2
9.6
8.6
52.6
22.8
16.8
6.0
24.6
10.9
13.8
6.8
7.0
848
660
496
164
1,082
363
720
392
327
850
552
365
187
824
329
495
256
239
32.7
25.5
19.2
6.3
41.8
14.0
27.8
15.1
12.6
38.2
24.8
16.4
8.4
37.0
14.8
22.2
11.5
10.7
15.1
12.9
20.4
18.3
Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Thousands of persons
Average
(mean)
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
15 to 26
27 weeks
duration,
weeks
and over
in weeks
June 1977
Less than 5 weeks as a
15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed
percent of unemployed
in group
in group
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
52.6
65.9
69.0
54.4
42.9
40.5
40.4
31.4
30.8
30.0
15.2
12.0
29.2
37.2
41.4
44.6
48.0
53.9
24.6
12.9
10.4
22.7
30.8
36.2
39.2
42.5
46.7
Total, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,453
3,181
2,367
1,689
1,498
748
645
377
129
3,917
2,095
1,634
919
642
303
260
118
40
1,699
675
486
386
394
174
132
98
29
809
218
151
192
204
103
101
38
19
1,028
192
96
192
257
168
151
123
41
24.0
45.7
60.6
64.
47.
37.
31.
30.
29.9
23.4
Males, 16 years and over . . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,797
1,646
1,220
881
781
349
298
193
75
1,884
1,058
810
476
295
120
100
54
27
828
337
276
153
191
74
65
55
16
451
120
88
109
123
53
51
18
8
634
131
46
143
171
102
82
66
24
14.6
8.9
7.0
13.4
18.4
22.4
21.1
24.8
23.4
42.2
58.3
62.5
44.6
32.0
28.8
24.6
29.1
22.1
49.6
64.3
66.4
54.1
37.8
34.3
33.7
28.1
36.5
33.9
17.8
14.5
32.6
42.0
48.1
47.0
49.7
57.3
28.6
15.2
11.0
28.6
37.7
44.6
44.7
43.6
42.5
Females, 16 years and over . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,655
1,535
1,147
808
717
398
347
184
54
2,034
1,037
824
443
347
183
160
64
12
871
338
210
233
203
100
67
44
13
357
98
63
83
81
SO
50
19
11
394
62
50
49
86
66
69
57
17
11.2
6.9
6.6
9.2
12.5
14.4
16.7
21.6
25.0
49.8
63.2
66.7
50.8
43.3
34.2
36.9
31.1
(1)
55.6
67.6
71.8
54.9
48.4
46.0
46.1
34.9
(1)
25.4
12.4
9.4
25.0
31.6
34.5
41.7
45.7
(1)
20.5
10.4
9.8
16.3
23.3
29.0
34.4
41.4
(1)
White
Males
Females
5,781
2,975
2,807
3,039
1,480
1,559
1,298
646
652
613
337
276
832
513
319
13.0
14.7
11.3
44.8
41.4
48.8
52.6
49.7
55.5
30.7
34.3
26.5
25.0
28.6
21.2
Black and other
Males
Females
1,671
822
849
878
404
475
401
183
219
196
114
81
196
121
74
12.5
14.3
10.8
48.9
45.0
53.3
52.6
49.1
55.9
27.3
32.5
21.6
23.4
28.7
18.3
Males:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
1,245
326
2,226
465
107
1,311
272
91
465
190
52
210
318
76
241
19.7
18.4
11.1
28.8
29.3
53.5
37.3
32.9
58.9
44.6
47.1
24.5
40.8
39.1
20.2
Females:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
1,398
544
1,713
714
216
1,104
345
154
372
137
83
137
202
91
100
13.0
15.7
8.3
41.5
36.4
61.9
51.1
39.6
64,4
33.3
33.0
15.6
24.3
32.0
13.9
1
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
12.9
7.9
6.8
11.4
15.6
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks
June 1977
Less than 5 weeks
as a percent of
unemployed in group
15 weeks and over
as a percent of
unemployed in group
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales workers
Clerical workers
2,080
735
325
1,019
951
328
161
462
540
166
79
296
277
105
48
124
312
137
38
137
14.2
16.0
12.3
13.4
40.6
38.0
44.2
41.4
45.7
44.6
49.4
45.4
32.8
37.6
22.8
32.3
28.3
32.8
26.5
25.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
2,477
627
1,060
204
586
1,169
286
498
90
295
526
130
257
32
106
332
84
137
27
85
450
127
168
56
99
15.5
16.0
14.3
19.1
16.0
36.5
32.4
36.5
32.6
43.0
47.2
45.7
47.0
44.0
50.4
38.2
41.8
38.1
41.2
32.8
31.6
33
28.7
40.3
31.5
Service workers
1,224
675
284
110
155
11.7
50.8
55.1
26.3
21.7
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
161
537
1,320
686
635
92
246
580
294
286
36
104
331
147
184
17
74
183
106
77
15
113
227
138
88
9.9
17.1
15.1
17.0
13.2
61.4
35.8
33.1
30.6
36.6
57.5
45.8
43.9
42.8
45.1
18.5
37.6
42.7
46.2
38.0
20.1
34.7
31.0
35.7
26.0
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
247
1,522
1,792
50
385
416
51
212
246
36
34
196
174
31
318
75
101
35.0
43.2
47.1
45.2
68.0
45.2
47.9
53.2
46.1
67.8
34.6
26.8
23.5
37.2
1,532
16.7
13.2
12.5
17.3
8.2
41.0
31.9
26.8
29.4
No previous work experience
112
729
954
100
1,038
11.7
11.5
INDUSTRY1
1
217
50
Includes wage and salary workers only.
A-20. Employed persons by sex and age
[In thousands]
Total
Age and type of industry
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
88,460
8,160
3,314
4,846
12,686
54,206
21,721
16,221
16,264
10,695
6,567
4,128
2,713
91,682
8,620
3,537
5,083
13,355
56,051
23,040
16,849
16,162
10,928
6,793
4,135
2,729
53,389
4,518
1,887
2,631
7,034
33,433
13,561
9,903
9,969
6,678
4,047
2,631
1,726
55,095
4,787
2,020
2,767
7,399
34,307
14,160
10,227
9,920
6,848
4,223
2,625
1,754
35,071
3,642
1,427
2,215
5,652
20,773
8,160
6,319
6,294
4,017
2,520
1,497
987
36,587
3,833
1,517
2,316
5,956
21,744
8,880
6,622
6,242
4,080
2,570
1,510
975
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
84,680
7,564
2,967
4,597
12,226
52,418
21,138
15,701
15,579
10,130
6,262
3,868
2,343
87,862
8,025
3,183
4,842
12,873
54,221
22,403
16,286
15,532
10,374
6,455
3,919
2,369
50,317
4,034
1,603
2,431
6,652
32,027
13,082
9,506
9,439
6,212
3,799
2,413
1,393
52,083
4,312
1,753
2,559
7,020
32,935
13,669
9,816
9,450
6,390
3,947
2,443
1,426
34,363
3,530
1,364
2,166
5,574
20,391
8,056
6,195
6,140
3,918
2,463
1,455
950
35,778
3,714
1,430
2,284
5,852
21,287
8,734
6,470
6,083
3,984
2,508
1,476
942
3,780
596
347
249
460
1,789
583
521
685
566
305
260
370
3,820
594
354
240
482
1,830
637
563
630
554
338
216
360
3,072
484
284
200
382
1,406
479
397
530
467
248
218
333
3,011
475
267
208
379
1,371
491
410
470
458
276
182
328
708
112
63
50
78
383
104
124
155
99
57
42
37
809
119
87
32
104
457
146
152
159
96
62
34
32
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
36
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-21.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
[In thousands]
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years
Occupation
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
88,460
91,682
48,871
50,308
31,429
32,755
4,518
4,787
3,642
3,833
White-collar workers
43,221
44,422
20,582
21,029
20,230
20,930
671
659
1,739
1,803
Professional and technical
12,901
2,351
2,792
7,758
13,161
2,480
2,591
8,090
7,435
824
812
5,799
7,588
881
742
5,965
5,277
1,499
1,967
1,811
5,368
1,556
1,832
1,980
82
82
101
17
5
79
107
29
13
65
105
24
13
68
9,220
7,389
897
933
9,560
7,688
970
902
7,193
5,762
634
797
7,381
5,964
661
756
1,949
1,557
255
136
2,104
1,651
305
148
59
51
7
1
53
53
2
19
20
22
22
1
5,545
3,076
2,469
5,752
3,166
2,585
2,921
974
1,947
3,020
1,036
1,984
1,954
1,534
420
2,047
1,533
514
251
180
71
241
183
58
419
388
31
443
414
29
Other clerical workers
15,555
4,509
11,046
15,949
4,454
11,495
3,033
65
2,968
3,040
63
2,977
11,050
4,058
6,992
11,412
4,055
7,357
279
3
276
263
8
255
1,193
382
811
1,234
328
906
Blue-collar workers
29,968
31,324
22,376
23,181
4,726
4,992
2,471
2,694
396
457
Craft and kindred workers
11,474
1,079
2,420
2,953
1,147
12,105
1,250
2,536
3,166
1,235
10,463
1,004
2,269
2,787
1,083
10,978
1,173
2,346
2,951
1,162
527
3
21
28
36
589
9
32
40
44
430
70
129
137
25
490
67
151
172
28
53
1
1
2
3
49
1,472
2,403
1,486
2,431
1,335
1,984
1,333
2,013
123
316
143
321
4
66
65
10
37
3
33
10,360
4,620
3,325
2,415
10,482
4,553
3,455
2,474
5,715
2,955
1,302
1,458
5,621
2,824
1,336
1,461
3,708
1,375
1,776
557
3,858
1,442
1,840
576
684
216
118
350
719
201
136
382
253
76
129
48
284
85
143
56
3,371
2,834
536
3,558
3,022
536
3,012
2,524
488
3,132
2,647
485
175
167
199
183
16
174
135
40
204
172
32
9
9
23
20
2
4,764
873
1,105
2,787
5,179
1,008
1,189
2,982
3,185
670
827
1,688
3,450
735
879
1,836
317
6
134
176
346
20
128
198
1,182
190
137
855
1,281
247
173
861
81
7
6
68
102
6
9
87
12,048
12,688
3,661
3,911
5,996
6,272
975
1,025
1,416
1,479
1,118
10,930
3,935
1,304
5,691
1,137
11,551
4,240
1,370
5,941
18
3,644
699
1,195
1,750
11
3,901
782
1,248
1,871
810
5,186
1,932
75
3,179c
860
5,412
2,039
93
3,280
10
965
562
29
374
14
1,011
578
22
411
280
1,136
743
4
389
252
1,227
841
6
380
94
TOTAL
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade
.
Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries
Clerical workers
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries
....
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
7
3
3
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
All other
Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries
Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other
Nonfarm laborers
Construction
Manufacturing
Other industries
Service workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household . . .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
3,222
3,248
2,252
2,187
477
560
401
408
92
Farmers and farm managers
1,619
1,566
1,504
1,455
93
87
19
24
4
Farm laborers and supervisors
1,602
1,156
446
1,682
1,195
487
748
690
58
732
669
63
384
126
258
472
186
286
382
274
108
385
272
113
88
66
22
Farm workers
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers
94
69
25
c = corrected
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
[Percent distribution]
Occupation and race
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
88,460
100.0
91,682
100.0
53,389
100.0
55,095
100.0
35,071
100.0
36,587
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
48.9
14.6
10.4
6.3
17.6
48.5
14.4
10.4
6.3
17.4
39.8
14.1
13.6
5.9
6.2
39.4
14.0
13.5
5.9
6.0
62.2
15.4
5.6
6.8
34.9
62.1
15.0
5.8
6.8
34.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
33.9
13.0
11.7
3.8
5.4
34.2
13.2
11.4
3.9
5.6
46.5
20.4
12.0
6.0
8.2
47.0
20.8
11.5
6.1
8.6
14.6
1.7
11.3
.5
1.1
14.9
1.7
11.3
.6
1.2
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
13.6
1.3
12.4
13.8
1.2
12.6
8.7
.1
8.6
9.0
.2
8.9
21.1
3.1
18.0
21.2
3.0
18.1
3.6
1.8
1.8
3.5
1.7
1.8
5.0
2.9
2.1
4.7
2.7
2.0
1.6
.3
1.3
1.8
.2
1.5
78,987
100.0
81,749
100.0
48,236
100.0
49,656
100.0
30,751
100.0
32,092
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
50.7
15.0
11.2
6.7
17.7
50.2
14.8
11.1
6.7
17.6
41.4
14.6
14.5
6.3
6.0
41.0
14.5
14.2
6.3
5.9
65.2
15.7
6.0
7.4
36.1
64.5
15.2
6.2
7.3
35.7
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
33.3
13.4
11.2
3.7
5.0
33.5
13.7
11.0
3.7
5.1
45.6
20.9
11.5
5.6
7.5
45.9
21.4
11.2
5.6
7.7
14.1
1.7
10.7
.5
1.1
14.3
1.8
10.6
.6
1.2
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
12.2
.9
11.3
12.6
.9
11.7
7.9
(1)
7.8
8.2
(1)
8.2
19.1
2.2
16.9
19.4
2.2
17.2
3.8
2.0
1.8
3.7
1.9
1.8
5.1
3.0
2.1
4.9
2.9
2.0
1.7
.3
1.3
1.9
.3
1.6
9,473
100.0
9,933
100.0
5,153
100.0
5,438
100.0
4,320
100.0
4,495
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
33.7
10.9
4.0
2.5
16.2
34.0
10.6
5.1
2.8
15.5
24.6
8.9
5.1
2.7
7.9
24.5
8.6
6.8
2.6
6.5
44.5
13.2
2.8
2.4
26.1
45.6
13.0
3.1
3.1
26.4
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
38.4
9.0
15.9
5.0
8.5
39.5
8.9
15.3
5.6
9.8
55.2
15.6
16.3
9.0
14.3
56.3
15.0
14.7
9.9
16.8
18.4
1.1
15.4
.4
1.6
19.3
1.5
16.1
.4
1.3
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
25.3
4.4
20.9
24.1
4.2
19.9
16.5
.1
16.4
16.0
.2
15.8
35.8
9.5
33.9
9.1
24.8
2.6
.7
1.9
2.4
.4
2.0
3.7
1.4
2.3
3.3
.6
2.6
TOTAL
Total employed (thousands) .
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
White
Total employed (thousands) .
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . .
Farm laborers and supervisors .
Black and other
Total employed (thousands)
Percent
26.3
Farm workers
,
Farmers and farm managers .
Farm laborers and supervisors ,
1.3
1.3
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
38
1.3
.2
1.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]
June 1977
Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self
employed
Unpaid
family
workers
Wage and
salary
workers
Self
employed
Unpaid
family
workers
65,184
6,870
2,581
4,289
10,929
16,511
11,643
10,772
7,019
4,324
2,695
1,438
6,111
79
42
37
304
1,388
1,383
1,423
1,079
622
457
456
536
49
24
25
32
88
138
127
75
45
30
28
1,607
407
240
167
333
287
200
184
128
86
42
69
1,695
48
17
30
91
277
284
361
371
217
154
263
519
140
96
44
58
73
79
85
55
35
19
29
7,624
311
128
183
625
2,226
1,552
1,628
1,105
743
362
176
39,694
3,783
1,484
2,298
6,156
10,460
7,245
6,747
4,439
2,730
1,710
865
4,438
52
26
26
201
962
1,011
1,055
814
456
358
342
79
31
15
16
14
5
4
5
8
3
5
10
1,243
319
177
143
258
228
146
123
104
71
33
63
1,587
41
13
29
88
253
263
338
348
201
147
255
181
114
78
37
32
9
1
10
6
4
2
9
6,977
317
107
209
869
2,048
1,430
1,388
824
570
255
101
25,489
3,087
1,097
1,990
4,773
6,052
4,399
4,026
2,580
1,595
985
573
1,673
27
16
11
103
425
372
368
264
166
99
113
457
17
9
9
18
82
134
121
67
42
25
17
364
88
64
24
75
58
53
61
24
14
10
5
108
6
5
1
3
24
20
24
23
16
7
8
337
25
18
7
26
64
79
75
49
32
17
20
Total
Private
household
workers
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
81,215
7,898
3,117
4,781
12,536
20,927
14,764
13,983
9,220
5,788
3,433
1,885
1,430
400
300
100
113
142
139
194
272
151
121
170
14,601
628
236
393
1,494
4,274
2,982
3,016
1,929
1,313
616
277
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
47,566
4,228
1,712
2,517
6,805
12,701
8,801
8,389
5,568
3,487
2,081
1,074
248
134
99
35
24
15
4
14
24
15
9
32
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
33,648
3,670
1,406
2,264
5,731
8,226
5,964
5,594
3,652
2,300
1,352
811
1,182
266
201
64
89
127
135
179
248
136
112
138
Government
Other
A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]
June 1977
Blue-collar workers
White-collar workers
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
Total
employed
3,820
827
5,943
20,692
12,365
8,327
5,768
19,062
3,696
15,366
5,062
25,483
1,451
24,032
5,025
Professional and
technical
workers
68
122
164
2,065
1,356
708
441
345
113
231
233
8,776
14
8,762
950
Managers
and
adminisstrators,
except
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
52
72
626
1,355
817
538
520
3,622
755
2,867
952
1,750
4
1
20
421
160
261
31
4,032
865
3,166
1,086
155
1,750
609
155
1
76
79
340
2,334
1,386
947
1,299
3,225
783
2,442
2,325
4,559
16
4,543
1,712
Craft
and
kindred
workers
45
201
3,295
4,042
2,679
1,363
1,250
1,486
302
1,184
110
1,369
1,369
309
Operatives,
except
transport
11
273
235
8,007
4,552
3,455
159
1,028
200
828
9
715
4
711
45
Transport
equipment
operatives
33
41
223
856
414
442
1,374
716
384
333
13
238
10
228
64
Service workers
Nonfarm
laborers
268
19
1,008
1,189
769
419
511
1,159
265
894
89
711
218
493
224
Private
household
workers
1,137
1,137
Other
service
workers
16
17
32
424
231
193
181
3,450
29
3,421
246
6,075
54
6,021
1,110
Farm
workers
3,248
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
[In thousands]
Nonagricultural industries
All
Wage and salary workers 1
industries
Reason not working
Paid absences2
Total
...
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute .
All other reasons .
Males
Vacation
Illness
All other reason$3
Females . .
Vacation
Illness
All other reason*3
1
Unpaid absences?
June
1977
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
June
1977
June
1976
6,082
3,724
1,320
26
130
881
6,917
4,516
1,414
47
101
839
5,992
3,691
1,289
22
130
861
6,794
4,471
1,369
31
101
823
3,012
2,358
473
3,721
3,001
528
2,571
1,172
726
2,566
1,257
720
181
192
673
589
3,020
1,757
763
500
3,489
2,162
854
473
2,948
1,732
733
483
3,391
2,132
817
442
1,726
1,314
315
97
2,132
1,648
365
119
1,001
329
368
304
989
360
382
248
3,062
1,967
558
537
3,428
2,354
560
514
3,044
1,959
556
529
3,403
2,340
552
511
1,286
1,044
158
83
1,587
1,351
164
72
1,571
844
358
369
1,577
897
339
341
June
1976
3Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
Excludes private household.
2
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories
are included in all other reasons.
A-26. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
June 1977
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Hours of work
All
Industries
Nonagricultural
industries
NonagriAgri-
All
culture
industries
cultural
industries
Agriculture
84,765
81,067
3,698
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours
18,824
741
3,480
9,438
5,165
17,841
687
3,295
8,896
4,963
985
54
186
542
203
22.2
.9
4.1
11.1
6.1
22.0
26.6
11.0
14.7
6.1
5.5
35 hours and over
65,940
6,252
36,451
23,237
9,167
7,440
6,630
63,229
6,078
35,894
21,257
8,888
7,038
5,331
2,714
175
558
1,981
278
403
1,300
77.8
7.4
43.0
27.4
10.8
8.8
7.8
78.0
73.4
39.4
43.5
39.0
42.9
47.9
56.0
Total at work
35-39 hours
4 0 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 4 8 hours
4 9 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules
40
.8
4.1
1.5
5.0
7.5
4.7
44.3
26.2
11.0
15.1
53.6
8.7
6.6
10.9
35.2
7.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27. Persons at work 1 - 3 4 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 3 5 hours
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want or unavailable for full-time work
Vacation
Illness
.
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
.
.
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
A-28.
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
12,885
17,840
5,651
12,189
2,662
652
3,938
1,474
83
336
130
1,915
1,416
868
83
336
130
2,522
606
-—
-1,915
4,235
1,433
531
13,902
7,676
1,173
1,408
239
30
50
1,367
1,956
1,492
9,667
7,676
-158
—
—
—
1,367
464
23.2
25.3
19.1
19.3
20.7
21.1
23.2
25.3
19.3
19.3
610
2,069
527
1,959
1,083
3,880
570
2,016
513
1,864
Total
Usually
work
full time
18,825
5,940
4,193
1,611
89
347
138
2,009
1,531
959
89,
347
138
14,631
8,074
1,195
1,450
320
30
50
1,433
2,078
4,408
1,547
20.6
21.1
1,137
4,028
Usually
work
part time
2,009
10,223
8,074
1,195
1,266
320
30
50
184
—
1,173
1,250
239
30
50
Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
Full- or part-time status
Total
at
work
Industry
On full-tinle schedules
On part tme
for economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
or less
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
81,067
3,938
9,667
67,462
46,205
8,888
12,369
39.0
42.9
74,860
3,593
8,651
62,616
44,155
8,290
10,171
38.8
42.4
4,669
336
183
4,150
2,983
487
680
39.7
42.1
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,051
11,416
7,635
510
182
327
535
224
311
18,006
11,010
6,997
12,363
7,477
4,885
2,956
1,854
1,103
2,687
1,679
1,009
41.3
41.9
40.5
42.4
42.6
42.3
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
5,008
16,078
4,429
131
1,216
75
236
3,331
376
4,641
11,531
3,978
3,221
7,230
3,013
554
1,925
391
866
2,376
574
41.7
37.1
39.3
43.3
43.6
41.6
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
20,194
1,361
18,833
4,698
1,219
276
943
93
3,762
683
3,079
207
15,213
402
14,811
4,398
11,515
249
11,266
3,410
1,472
55
1,417
410
2,226
98
2,128
578
35.9
22.7
36.9
40.5
41.7
44.7
41.6
41.9
5,671
536
315
30
826
190
4,530
316
1,894
156
557
41
2,079
119
42.7
37.6
49.0
48.7
Total 1
. . . .
.
.
Wage and salary workers
Construction
. . .
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1
. . .
1ncludes mining not shown separately.
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-29.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
On full-time schedules
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Total
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
Average
On
hours,
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
41 hours
total
or less
or more
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over.
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
81,067
12,702
7,713
3,052
4,661
73,354
12,189
61,165
35,500
23,565
2,099
3,938
1,664
1,264
588
676
2,674
767
1,907
1,146
674
85
9,667
2,976
2,407
1,440
967
7,260
1,176
6,084
2,954
2,164
967
67,462
8,062
4,042
1,024
3,018
63,420
10,246
53,174
31,400
20,727
1,047
46,205
6,016
3,044
791
2,253
43,161
7,413
35,748
20,685
14,337
726
21,257
2,046
998
233
765
20,259
2,833
17,426
10,715
6,390
321
39.0
33.2
30.2
24.8
33.7
39.9
38.6
40.2
40.7
40.4
30.1
42.9
41.3
41.0
40.5
41.2
43.0
41.9
43.2
43.4
43.0
43.7
48,692
6,831
4,149
1,688
2,461
44,543
6,730
37,813
21,950
14,590
1,273
1,956
844
645
337
308
1,311
394
917
567
304
47
2,784
1,323
1,091
698
393
1,693
445
1,248
364
357
527
43,952
4,664
2,413
653
1,760
41,539
5,891
35,648
21,019
13,929
699
26,889
3,203
1,707
500
1,207
25,181
3,738
21,443
12,195
8,787
459
17,063
1,461
706
153
553
16,358
2,153
14,205
8,824
5,142
240
42.0
35.0
32.0
26.3
35.9
42.9
40.7
43.3
44.0
43.3
31.3
44.4
42.5
42.0
40.8
42.4
44.5
43.4
44.7
45.0
44.4
43.4
32. 375
5; 871
3^ 564
1 364
2 200
28 811
5. 459
23; 352
13 550
976
826
1,982
820
619
251
368
1,362
373
989
579
371
38
6,883
1,652
1,316
742
574
5,566
731
4,835
2,589
1,807
440
23,510
3,399
1,629
371
1,258
21,883
4,355
17,528
10,382
6,798
348
19,318
2,815
1,337
291
1,046
17,983
3,675
14,308
8,490
5,550
267
4,192
584
292
80
212
3,900
680
3,220
1,892
1,248
81
34.6
31.1
28.1
23.0
31.3
35.4
36.0
35.3
35.5
35.6
28.2
40.2
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.5
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.1
40.4
44.3
72,111
43,762
28,350
3,301
1,631
1,671
8,783
2,511
6,272
60,027
39,620
20,407
40,300
23,701
16,599
19,727
15,919
3,808
39.2
42.3
34.5
43.1
44.6
40.3
8,956
4,931
4,025
636
327
311
884
273
611
7,436
4,331
3,103
5,906
3,187
2,718
1,530
1,144
385
37.5
39.4
35.1
41,
42,
39.5
34,083
3,375
11,234
669
165
1,122
1,002
156
1,627
32,412
3,054
8,485
19,183
1,886
5,817
13,229
1,168
2,668
43.6
41.9
37.1
44.8
44.2
43.0
17,558
6,194
8,622
778
314
889
4,136
905
1,841
12,644
4,975
5,892
10,466
3,961
4,891
2,178
1,014
1,001
34.3
36.8
33.6
40.0
40.7
40.1
RACE
White ,
Males
Females . . .
Black and other
Males
Females
MARITAL STATUS
Males:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Females:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
42
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
On full-time schedules
Occupational group and sex
On part time
Total at work
for economic
reasons
On voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
41 to 48
49 hours
or less
hours
or more
Average
Average hours,
hours, total
workers on full-
at work
time schedules
TOTAL
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
34,512
9,970
8,504
3,937
12,101
23,469
6,852
4,098
2,260
10,261
3,987
1,117
1,187
609
1,073
7,056
2,001
3,219
1,068
505
4,987
1,144
404
1,150
2,289
29,243
11,352
9,795
3,221
4,875
1,631
460
488
169
514
1,600
341
432
197
631
26,012
10,551
8,875
2,855
3,730
17,472
6,924
6,306
1,553
2,688
11,737
1,080
10,657
1,223
3,187
7,327
5,465
212
524
344
213
1,012
2,663
6,982
5,250
20,258
7,017
7,004
3,118
3,119
322
126
55
64
1,011
355
168
258
76
231
18,925
6,536
6,781
2,796
2,812
24,216
10,758
5,951
3,052
4,456
1,260
427
210
147
476
1,100
250
178
124
548
4,608
24
4,584
398
5
392
20,360
4,338
1,976
2,270
11,776
767
39.6
39.7
46.0
37.8
36.3
43.1
42.7
47.5
44.5
39.9
4,130
1,663
1,489
442
536
4,410
1,964
1,080
860
506
40.3
41.6
40.1
42.9
36.2
42.8
43.2
42.0
45.9
41.7
820
45
775
1,042
33.7
24.2
34.7
42.4
45.0
42.3
10,509
4,082
2,964
1,382
2,081
2,624
798
966
471
5,792
1,656
2,851
943
389
342
43.9
42.6
47.5
43.0
39.6
45.7
44.4
48.4
45.7
41.7
21,856
10,081
5,563
2,781
3,432
14,131
6,589
3,587
1,508
2,448
3,540
1,579
1,038
429
494
4,185
1,913
938
844
490
41.1
41.8
41.9
43.7
36.4
43.4
43.2
43.3
46.0
41.8
727
9
718
3,483
10
3,474
2,392
7
2,387
442
1
440
649
2
647
38.0
24.8
38.1
44.0
44.8
44.0
798
115
3,976
12,959
2,769
1,135
875
8,180
1,264
319
346
236
893
2,058
15,586
3,434
1,724
1,140
9,289
1,363
16
237
429
221
139
684
368
126
425
35.3
35.1
40.7
30.7
35.4
40.0
39.5
43.8
41.3
39.4
5,026
594
3,844
169
419
371
35
278
22
38
500
91
254
73
83
4,155
468
3,312
74
298
3,339
333
2,719
45
239
590
84
450
13
43
226
51
143
16
16
36.8
37.3
37.4
28.8
34.0
40.0
41.7
39.7
41.0
40.1
7,129
1,056
6,073
825
2,460
515
1,945
3,844
334
3,510
3,072
207
2,865
379
393
44
335
83
310
30.9
24.2
32.1
40.9
45.0
40.5
40,618
11,355
8,980
5,388
14,895
1,119
241
72
301
86
957
Males
White-collar workers
.
Professional and technical
.
.
.
.
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
. . .
. . . .
Private household
Other service workers
Females
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
....
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
.
.
207
618
789
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31.
Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands]
June 1977
White
Total
Employment status
Black and other
Both sexes
Males
Females
Both sexes
Males
Females
Both sexes
Males
Females
Civilian noninstitutional population
8,297
4,222
4,076
6,983
3,562
3,421
1,314
660
654
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
2,541
1,954
1,474
1,152
1,067
802
2,247
1,826
1,315
1,074
933
751
294
128
160
78
134
50
372
280
873
322
92
709
265
336
1,490
587
421
257
817
240
79
673
181
36
92
166
22
56
82
14
36
84
23.1
21.9
24.8
18.7
18.3
19.4
56.5
51.3
63.0
5,756
272
2,399
8
3,078
2,748
16
1,233
2
1,497
3,009
256
1,167
5
1,581
4,736
211
1,911
6
2,608
2,248
9
978
2
1,258
2,489
201
933
4
1,350
1,020
61
489
2
469
500
6
255
520
54
234
2
230
All other reasons
A-32.
•
1,582
239
Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
June 1977
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Characteristics
Both sexes
Males
Females
Females
CLASS O F WORKER
Total
1,954
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,582
1,468
612
95
761
89
25
372
235
31
106
1,152
873778
188
68
522
74
21
280
175
28
77
802
100.0
100.0
100.0
709
689
424
27
238
16
4
92
59
4
29
81.0
75.1
31.3
4.9
38.9
4.6
1.3
19.0
12.0
1.6
5.4
75.7
67.5
16.3
5.9
45.3
6.4
1.8
24.3
15.2
2.4
6.8
88.5
86.0
52.9
3.4
29.7
2.0
.5
11.5
7.4
.5
3.6
OCCUPATION
Total
1,954
1,152
802
100.0
100.0
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . ,
Sales workers
Clerical workers
355
21
5
243
87
248
12
4
198
33
107
8
1
45
53
18.2
1.1
.3
12.4
4.5
21.4
1.0
.3
17.2
2.9
13.3
1.0
.1
5.6
6.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
494
39
67
10
379
443
36
51
6
350
51
3
16
4
29
25.3
2.0
3.4
.5
19.4
38.5
3.1
4.4
.5
30.4
6.5
.4
2.0
.5
3.6
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
783
446
337
223
33
190
560
413
147
40.1
22.8
17.2
19.4
2.9
16.5
69.8
51.5
18.3
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
321
7
314
238
7
231
83
16.4
.4
16.1
20.7
.6
20.1
10.3
44
83
10.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
1976
Employment status
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
Mar.
May
June
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population 1 ....
Armed Forces l
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
157,782
2,138
155,643
96,539
62.0
89,475
56.7
3,116
86,359
7,064
7.3
59,104
157,986
2,132
155,854
96,760
62.1
90,023
57.0
3,260
86,763
6,737
7.0
59,094
158,228
2,128
156,101
97,158
62.2
90,408
57.1
3,386
87,022
6,750
6.9
58,943
158,456
2,129
156,327
97,641
62.5
90,679
57.2
3,338
87,341
6,962
7.1
58,686
66,835
65,140
52,078
79.9
48,859
73.1
2,273
46,586
3,219
6.2
13,062
66,930 67,025 67,114
65,250 65,342 65,423
51,842 52,092 52,061
79.6
79.7
79.5
48,961 49,091 49,267
73.4
73.2
73.2
2,208
2,230
2,209
46,752 46,861 47,059
2,794
3,001
2,881
5.4
5.8
5.6
13,408 13,250 13,362
67,209
65,522
52,089
79.5
49,465
73.6
2,280
47,185
2,624
5.0
13,433
67,324
65,641
52,282
79.6
49,531
73.6
2,373
47,158
2,751
5.3
13,359
67,431
65,743
52,497
79.9
49,859
73.9
2,372
47,487
2,638
5.0
13,246
73,535
73,445
34,938
47.6
32,340
44.0
573
31,767
2,598
7.4
38,507
73,642
73,550
34,740
47.2
32,331
43.9
488
31,843
2,409
6.9
38,810
73,852
73,757
35,295
47.9
32,750
44.3
496
32,254
2,545
7.2
38,462
73,958
73,863
35,455
48.0
32,985
44.6
577
32,408
2,470
7.0
38,408
74,081
73,987
35,634
48.2
33,288
44.9
597
32,691
2,346
6.6
38,353
74,198
74,101
35,675
48.1
33,116
44.6
564
32,552
2,559
7.2
38,426
155,925
2,137
153,788
94,704
61.6
87,533
56.1
3,313
84,220
7,171
7.6
59,084
156,142
2,140
154,002
95,189
61.8
87,783
56.2
3,333
84,450
7,406
7.8
58,813
156,367
2,147
154,220
95,351
61.8
87,834
56.2
3,372
84,462
7,517
7.9
58,869
156,595
2,145
154,451
95,242
61.7
87,794
56.1
3,278
84,516
7,448
7.8
59,209
156,788
2,147
154,642
95,302
61.6
87,738
56.0
3,310
84,428
7,564
7.9
59,340
157,006
2,149
154,857
95,871
61.9
88,220
56.2
3,248
84,972
7,651
8.0
58,986
157,176
2,146
155,031
95,960
61.9
88,441
56.3
3,257
85,184
7,519
7.8
59,071
66,182
64,492
51,492
79.8
48,443
73.2
2,422
46,021
3,049
5.9
13,000
66,279
64,586
51,675
80.0
48,544
73.2
2,429
46,115
3,131
6.1
12,911
66,384
64,688
51,698
79.9
48,638
73.3
2,393
46,245
3,060
5.9
12,990
66,491
64,796
51,851
80.0
48,701
73.2
2,341
46,360
3,150
6.1
12,945
66,598
64,902
51,912
80.0
48,684
73.1
2,334
46,350
3,228
6.2
12,990
66,699
65,001
52,066
80.1
48,773
73.1
2,283
46,490
3,293
6.3
12,935
72,944
72,857
34,278
47.0
31,801
43.6
487
31,314
2,477
7.2
38,579
73,053
72,966
34,487
47.3
31,853
43.6
486
31,367
2,634
7.6
38,479
73,168
73,078
34,562
47.3
31,883
43.6
532
31,351
2,679
7.8
38,516
73,286
73,196
34,540
hi .2
31,906
43.5
520
31,386
2,634
7.6
38,656
73,378
73,288
34,444
47.0
31,811
43.4
553
31,258
2,633
7.6
38,844
73,491
73,401
34,848
47.5
32,208
43.8
558
31,650
2,640
7.6
38,553
157,381
2,133
155,248
95,516
61.5
88,558
56.3
3,090
85,468
6,958
7.3
59,732
157,584
2,137
155,447
96,145
61.9
88,962
56.5
3,090
85,872
7,183
7.5
59,302
Males, 20 y e a n and over
Total noninstitutional population l
Civilian noninstitutional population ' .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 2 0 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1 . ...
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Agriculture
Nonagribultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
73,746
73,654
34,982
47.5
32,477
44.0
485
31,992
2,505
7.2
38,672
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population x . . . .
Civilian noninstitutional population l .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
16,799 16,811 16,815 16,819 16,812 16,816 16,806 16,810 16,813 16,816 16,819 16,823 16,827
16,439 16,450 16,454 16,458 16,452 16,455 16,446 16,448 16,451 16,464 16,468 16,473 16,483
9,242
9,469
9,216
9,183
9,071
8,934
8,946
8,944
8,957
8,851
8,934
9,091
9,027
57.4
55.8
56.1
56.0
55.1
54.3
54.4
54.4
54.4
53.8
55.3
54.3
54.9
7,704
7,458
7,573
7,589
7,394
7,266
7,242
7,243
7,187
7,313
7,239
7,386
7,289
45.8
44.4
45.1
45.0
43.2
44.0
43.1
43.0
43.1
43.5
42.7
43.4
43.9
402
412
416
403
375
393
411
423
407
404
417
447
418
7,302
7,173
7,046
7,170
7,019
6,873
6,831
6,820 6,832
6,885
6,770
6,866
6,968
1,765
1,653
1,725
1,643
1,677
1,668
1,702
1,718
1,703
1,664
1,778
1,641
1,645
18.6
18.8
17.9
17.8
18.5
18.7
19.0
19.2
19.0
18.8
19.6
18.2
18.4
7,014
7,231
7,252
7,281
7,502
7,380
7,514
7,498
7,506
7,607
7,363
7,423
7,505
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal
variations.
NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A-43 will not necessarily
add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Full- and part-time employment
status
1977
1976
June
July
Aug
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
80,684 81,006
74,854 75,128
5,878
5,830
7.3
7.2
81,177 80,977 81,297 81,786 82,048 81,730 81,946 82,074 82,229 82,738 83,306
75,092 74,879 75,135 75,601 75,923 76,223 76,295 76,606 76,886 77,349 77,905
5,401
5,468
5,343
5,389
5,651
6,185
6,125
5,507
6,162
6,098
6,085
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.5
6.9
7.6
6.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,993
12,707
1,286
9.2
14,181
12,681
1,500
10.6
14,351 14,340 14,059 14,046
12,922 12,963 12,610 12,577
1,469
1,377
1,449
1,429
10.5
9.6
10.3
10.0
13,912 13,980
12,546 12,549
1,431
1,366
10.2
9.8
14,265
12,736
1,529
10.7
14,426
12,820
1,606
11.1
14,587
13,146
1,441
9.9
14,435
13,006
1,429
9.9
14,192
12,668
1,524
10.7
NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35.
Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
1976
Characteristics
June
July
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
83,796
78,091
5,705
6.8
84,254
78,295
5,959
7.1
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46,143
43,666
2,477
5.4
46,287
43,726
2,561
5.5
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,639
27,693
1,946
6.6
29,834 29,922
27,750 27,806
2,116
2,084
7.1
7.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,014
6,732
1,282
16.0
8,126
6,733
1,393
17.1
Aug.
Sept.
Apr.
May
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
June
84,403 84,313
78,370 78,276
6,037
6,033
7.2
7.1
84,511
78,384
6,127
7.2
84,816
78,647
6,169
7.3
84,854
78,828
6,026
7.1
84,616
78,923
5,693
6.7
85,086
79,365
5,721
6.7
85,482
79,832
5,650
6.6
85,642 85,937
80,249 80,603
5,393 5,334
6.2
6.3
86,268
80,813
5,455
6.3
46,355 46,489
43,831 43,844
2,645
2,524
5.7
5.4
46,561
43,926
2,635
5.7
46,667
43,996
2,671
5.7
46,624
44,044
2,580
5.5
46,347
44,035
2,312
5.0
46,605
44,159
2,446
5.2
46,584
44,299
2,285
4.9
46,600 46,769
44,434 44,563
2,166 2,206
4.6
4.7
46,967
44,856
2,111
4.5
29,876
27,805
2,071
6.9
29,914
27,775
2,139
7.2
30,138
28,017
2,121
7.0
30,211
28,143
2,068
6.8
30,071
28,170
1,901
6.3
30,261
28,328
1,933
6.4
30,588
28,604
1,984
6.5
30,663 30,838
28,781 29,021
1,882 1,817
6.1
5.9
30,879
28,895
1,984
6.4
7,948
6,627
1,321
16.6
8,036
6,683
1,353
16.8
8,011
6,634
1,377
17.2
8,019
6,641
1,378
17.2
8,198
6,718
1,480
18.1
8,220
6,878
1,342
16.3
8,310
6,929
1,381
16.6
8,330
7,019
1,311
15.7
8,422
7,062
1,360
16.1
10,844 10,868 10,979 10,906
9,508
9,484
9,464
9,388
1,398
1,495
1,404
1,456
12.8
13.6
13.4
12.9
10,910
9,444
1,466
13.4
11,114
9,618
1,496
13.5
11,109
9,623
1,486
13.4
11,030 11,163
9,697
9,648
1,466
1,382
13.1
12.5
11,104
9,690
1,414
12.7
11,071 11,171
9,711 9,730
1,360 1,441
12.3
12.9
11,325
9,833
1,492
13.2
WHITE
8,133
6,819
1,314
16.2
8,379
7,034
1,345
16.1
BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,376
4,794
582
10.8
5,355
4,789
566
10.6
5,376
4,822
554
10.3
5,371
4,847
524
9.8
5,388
4,802
586
10.9
5,437
4,806
631
11.6
5,457
4,838
619
11.3
5,464
4,907
557
10.2
5,523
4,976
547
9.9
5,506
4,991
515
9.4
5,432
4,972
460
8.5
5,502
4,959
543
9.9
5,551
5,018
533
9.6
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
4,599
4,073
526
11.4
4,600
4,074
526
11.4
4,632
4,079
553
11.9
4,639
4,108
531
11.4
4,602
4,072
530
11.5
4,728
4,209
519
11.0
4,714
4,173
541
11.5
4,674
4,171
503
10.8
4,758
4,167
591
12.4
4,725
4,176
549
11.6
4,775
4,188
587
12.3
4,811
4,245
566
11.8
4,784
4,215
569
11.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
869
521
348
40.0
913
601
312
34.2
971
583
388
40.0
896
553
343
38.3
920
570
350
38.0
949
603
346
36.5
938
612
326
34.8
892
570
322
36.1
882
554
328
37.2
873
523
350
40.1
864
551
313
36.2
858
526
332
38.7
990
600
390
39.4
46
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36.
Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
1976
1977
Selected categories
Sept.
Aug.
June
July
7.6
5.9
7.8
6.1
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
7.9
6.2
8.0
6.3
7.8
6.2
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
7.0
5.0
May
June
Characteristics
Total (all civilian workers)
Males 20 years and over
Females 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
.
.
White
Black and other
.
. . . .
. . .
Household heads
Married men
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over^
Labor force time lost
7.8
6.1
7.9
5.9
7.3
5.6
7.5
5.8
7.3
5.4
7.2
6.9
5.3
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.4
6.9
7.2
7.0
6.6
7.1
5.0
7.2
18.4
18.2
19.6
18.8
19.0
19.2
19.0
18.7
18.5
18.8
17.8
17.9
18.6
6.8
13.4
5.1
7.1
12.9
5.3
7.1
13.6
5.2
7.2
12.8
5.4
7.2
13.4
5.4
7.3
13.5
5.3
7.1
13.4
5.1
7.5
9.6
7.5
9.8
6.7
13.1
4.9
4.1
6.9
10.7
2.3
7.9
6.6
12.7
4.6
3.7
6.7
11.1
2.0
7.8
6.3
12.3
4.4
3.6
6.5
6.2
12.9
4.5
3.6
6.5
9.9
9.9
6.3
13.2
4.3
3.4
6.5
10.7
1.9
7.4
1.9
7.5
1.8
7.5
3.0
2.7
5.2
5.7
4.3
7.2
7.6
7.6
2.4
8.4
10.3
2.5
8.6
10.5
2.6
8.6
2.6
8.4
6.7
12.5
4.8
3.8
6.7
10.2
2.4
8.0
3.1
3.5
5.8
3.0
3.2
5.6
3.2
3.0
5.4
3.4
3.1
5.7
3.3
3.1
5.0
3.3
3.0
5.7
3.3
2.8
5.6
3.1
3.4
5.5
3.2
2.9
5.1
2.9
2.8
5.5
6.6
7.0
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.5
6.0
5.7
9.7
7.2
11.1
8.2
13.4
9.8
7.0
11.3
8.1
14.5
9.8
6.9
11.5
8.0
14.6
9.8
6.8
11.6
8.3
14.0
9.7
7.0
11.3
8.2
13.5
9.6
7.0
11.0
8.1
13.9
6.1
6.5
6.0
4.9
5.6
9.2
7.2
12.9
9.6
7.7
12.8
9.2
6.9
13.2
9.3
6.0
12.6
8.9
6.7
12.5
10.9
8.6
4.3
8.5
3.6
8.7
4.0
9.4
4.2
9.3
5.1
9.0
6.1
8.6
4.8
8.4
6.7
7.9
5.4
8.1
4.8
9.0
4.4
8.2
4.8
7.3
7.5
2.3
7.9
10.6
2.4
8.1
10.0
2.5
8.4
3.0
3.1
5.3
3.1
3.4
5.4
6.2
9.3
7.0
10.7
7.2
12.8
8.6
4.2
9.2
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators except farm
....
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farrp workers
5.6
9.4
5.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction
.
.
.
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
.
..
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.2
7.9
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.0
7.1
6.9
16.3
17.0
16.5
15.7
15.1
15.4
14.1
14.9
15.2
14.2
12.0
13.0
12.6
7.6
7.4
7.8
7.5
8.1
7.7
8.1
7.6
8.2
8.0
8.2
7.7
8.2
6.9
6.5
7.1
7.0
6.6
6.1
6.7
6.0
6.2
5.7
6.3
5.6
7.9
5.0
8.4
6.3
8.4
5.2
8.6
6.4
8.7
4.8
8.9
6.6
8.9
5.4
8.9
6.4
5.6
8.9
6.7
5.7
9.0
6.8
8.0
8.6
5.2
8.2
6.8
4.7
8.4
6.2
4.6
8.7
6.2
5.1
8.4
6.4
4.4
7.8
6.1
4.3
8.3
6.6
4.1
7.9
6.0
11.0
11.8
10.4
11.2
11.5
13.2
14.0
12.6
13.4
13.2
12.3
11.5
11.0
1
Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
2
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons
A-37.
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers In thousands]
1976
1977
Weeks of unemployment
Duration
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
2,730
2,215
2,173
902
1,271
2,931
2,093
2,247
1,058
1,189
2,867
2,433
2,341
1,127
1,214
2,852
2,426
2,311
1,118
1,193
2,952
2,367
2,360
1,094
1,266
2,759
2,494
2,517
1,188
1,329
2,765
2,319
2,514
1,130
1,384
16.9
15.6
15.4
15.4
15.3
15.5
100.0
38.4
31.1
30.5
12.7
17.9
100.0
40.3
28.8
30.9
14.6
16.4
100.0
37.5
31.8
30.6
14.7
15.9
100.0
37.6
32.0
30.5
14.7
15.7
100.0
38.4
30.8
30.7
14.2
16.5
100.0
35.5
32.1
32.4
15.3
17.1
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
2,762
2,083
2,283
1,038
1,245
2,804
2,107
2,182
947
1,235
3,005
2,098
1,923
111
1,146
3,100
1,857
1,816
715
1,101
2,782
2,093
1,836
800
1,036
3,058
2,023
1,737
798
939
15.6
15.5
14.7
14.0
14.3
14.9
14.4
100.0
36.4
30.5
33.1
14.9
18.2
100.0
38.7
29.2
32.0
14.6
17.5
100.0
39.5
29.7
30.8
13.4
17.4
100.0
42.8
29.9
27 .4
11.1
16.3
100.0
45.8
100.0
41.5
31.2
27.4
11.9
15.4
100.0
44.9
29.7
25.5
11.7
13.8
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over .
. ..
21A
26.8
10.6
16.3
47
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38.
Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1977
1976
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
June
July
Aug.
7.6
7.8
7.9
18.4
21.2
16.2
11.5
5.4
5.6
4.7
18.2
20.8
15.9
11.4
5.9
6.0
4.9
7.0
Jan.
Dec.
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8
7.3
7.5
7.3
7.0
6.9
7.1
19.6
22.1
18.0
11.9
5.6
5.9
4.8
18.8
20.6
17.5
11.7
5.8
5.9
4.8
19.0
21.3
17.5
12.6
5.7
6.0
4.6
19.2
21.6
17.6
12.7
5.6
5.9
4.6
19.0
20.7
17.7
12.5
5.5
5.9
4.2
18.7
21.1
17.0
11.4
5.1
5.3
4.1
18.5
19.8
17.5
12.0
5.2
5.3
4.8
18.8
22.2
16.6
11.4
5.1
5.2
4.3
17.8
19.2
16.8
10.8
4.9
5.1
4.1
17.9
20.4
16.3
10.7
4.8
5.1
4.0
18.6
21.3
16.5
10.5
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.5
7.3
6.6
6.9
6.5
6.1
6.3
6.2
18.5
21.3
16.4
11.6
4.9
5.0
4.7
18.3
20.8
16.6
12.0
5.1
5.2
4.2
18.7
21.5
16.8
11.8
5.0
5.1
4.6
19.1
21.3
17.3
11.7
5.2
5.2
4.6
19.6
22.3
17.7
12.7
5.1
5.3
4.4
19.7
22.2
18.1
12.6
5.2
5.4
4.4
19.1
21.0
17.4
12.9
5.0
5.2
3.9
17.4
19.5
16.1
11.3
4.6
4.7
4.0
18.6
19.3
17.9
12.1
4.6
4.6
4.7
18.7
22.2
16.1
11.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
17.0
17.9
16.0
10.5
4.1
4.3
3.7
17.0
18.7
16.0
10.6
4.2
4.4
3.9
18.6
22.7
15.5
9.9
4.1
4.3
3.3
8.4
8.8
9.1
8.7
8.6
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.2
7.9
8.4
18.9
22.2
17.1
11.7
6.1
6.6
4.2
18.8
20.8
17.7
11.2
6.0
6.5
4.6
19.0
22.5
16.6
10.9
5.7
6.1
4.3
18.7
19.7
17.5
11.0
6.3
6.7
4.6
18.4
19.8
17.6
11.8
6.7
7.1
5.2
20.6
22.9
19.4
11.9
6.7
7.1
5.2
18.3
20.1
17.3
12.4
6.6
7.1
4.9
18.5
20.8
17.1
12.8
6.4
6.7
5.1
18.9
20.2
18.0
11.9
6.4
6.9
4.7
20.1
23.0
18.1
11.4
5.9
6.2
4.3
18.4
20.4
16.9
11.9
6.1
6.3
4.9
Mar.
May
Nov.
18.0
20.8
15.2
10.6
7.1
7.2
5.9
Feb.
Apr.
Oct.
18.3
21.1
15.9
11.4
6.3
6.7
4.7
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Sept.
June
5.0
5.3
3.8
A-39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
INumbers in thousands]
1977
1976
Reason for unemployment
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
3,580
1,031
2,549
3,758
1,142
2,616
3,790
1,191
2,599
3,727
1,222
2,505
3,756
1,107
2,649
3,802
1,067
2,735
3,736
1,057
2,679
3,207 3,396
791 1,001
2,416 2,395
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
.
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants .
New entrants
.
3,143 2,953
754
865
2,278 2,199
3,038 2,927
827
749
2,289 2,100
895
957
994
934
936
858
831
932
852
919
846
944
954
.
1,813
1,879
1,941
1,912
1,927
2,061
1,957
1,991
1,963
1,993
794
955
926
894
920
942
905
936
2,013
1,003
2,001
831
972
893
1,889
1,077
...
100.0
50.3
14.5
35.8
12.6
25.5
11.7
100.0
50.9
15.5
35.4
13.0
25.4
10.7
100.0 100.0 100.0
49.3 49.7
50.0
15.5
16.3 14.7
33.8
33.4
35.3
12.9
12.5
12.5
25.3
25.5
25.6
12.4
12.3 11.9
100.0
49.8
14.0
35.8
11.2
27.0
12.0
100.0
50.0
14.2
35.9
11.1
26.2
12.6
100.0 100.0
45.6
47.5
11.2
14.0
34.3 33.5
13.2
11.9
28.3
27.5
12.9
13.1
100.0
44.4
12.2
32.2
13.0
28.4
14.2
100.0
43.6
11.1
32.5
12.5
29.5
14.4
3.8
.9
1.9
.9
3.9
1.0
2.0
.8
4.0
.9
2.1
1.0
3.9
.9
2.0
1.0
3.3
1.0
2.1
1.0
3.1
.9
2.1
1.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
J o b losers
.
O n lavoff
O t h e r j o b losers
•
J o b leavers
Reentrants
. ..
.
New entrants . . .
.
....
.
.
.
. . . .
100.0 100.0
44.2
42.7
10.9
12.1
33.2
30.7
13.7
13.9
29.0
27.6
13.0
15.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
J o b leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
.
.
48
.
4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
3.9
1.0
2.0
1.0
3.9
1.0
2.0
.9
3.4
1.0
2.1
.9
3.5
.9
2.0
1.0
3.1
1.0
2.1
.9
3.0
1.0
1.9
1.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
1976
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and
over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
....
..
..
....
....
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
.
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
....
Females, 16 years and
over
..
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 vears and over
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
87,533
7,289
2,863
4,391
12,343
67,892
54,485
13,419
87,783
7,386
2,994
4,386
12,457
67,911
54,502
13,410
«7, 834
7, 313
2, 970
4, 346
12, 301
68, 140
S4, 68?
13, 506
87, 794
7, 187
2, 916
4j 319
1 ? j 321
68, 317
S4j 7S1
13, 566
87, 738
7, 243
2, 861
4j 380
1?, ?79
68, ?S7
688
13, 599
88,220
7,239
2,882
4,356
12,378
68,533
54,873
13,644
88,441
7,242
2,914
4,332
12,459
68,762
55,059
13,702
88, 558
7, 266
2, 906
4, 396
12, 598
68, 759
• > • > , 239
13, 564
88,962
7,394
3,017
4,402
12,634
68,980
55,511
13,538
89,475
7,458
2,972
4,461
12,706
69,336
55,787
13,530
90,023
7,573
3,092
4,527
12,710
69,744
56,010
13,698
90,408
7,589
3,044
4,499
12,758
70,082
56,233
13,780
90,679
7,704
3,056
4,605
12,986
70,014
56,356
13,671
52,332
52,507
52, 596
52, 546
52, 576
52,643
52,799
52, 918
53,046
53,270
53,575
53,722
53,987
3,889
1,531
2,330
6,720
41,722
33,324
8,391
3,963
1,641
2,316
6,766
41,743
33,337
8,402
3 , 958
1, 652
2, 308
6, 726
41, 828
33, 392
8, 442
3 , 845
1, 587
2, 298
6, 778
4 1 , 955
3 3 , 468
8, 464
3 , 892
1, 588
2, 301
6, 787
41, 922
33, 505
8, 461
3,870
1,577
2,289
6,832
41,931
33,478
8,460
3,940
1,622
2,316
6,879
42,016
33,529
8,500
3 , 957
1, 588
2, 381
6, 975
41, 993
33, 594
8, 449
3,955
1,617
2,358
6,951
42,160
33,799
8,384
4,003
1,613
2,384
6,988
42,298
33,908
8,395
4,110
1,714
2,433
6,958
42,500
34,029
8,461
4,191
1,734
2,481
6,929
42,639
34,070
8,543
4,128
1,640
2,451
7,069
42,809
34,190
8,592
35,201
35,276
35, 238
35, 248
35, 162
35,577
35,642
35, 640
35,916
36,205
36,448
36,686
36,692
3,400
1,332
2,061
5,623
26,170
21,161
5,028
3,423
1,353
2,070
5,691
26,168
21,165
5,008
3 , 355
1, 318
2, 038
5, 575
26, 312
21, 290
5, 064
3 , 342
1, 329
2, 021
5, 543
26, 362
2 1 , 283
5, 102
3 , 351
1, 273
2, 079
5, 492
26, 335
21, 183
5, 138
3,369
1,305
2,067
5,546
26,602
21,395
5,184
3,302
1,292
2,016
5,580
26,746
21,530
5,202
3 , 309
1, 318
2, 015
5, 623
26, 766
21, 645
5, 115
3,439
1,400
2,044
5,683
26,820
21,712
5,154
3,455
1,359
2,077
5,718
27,038
21,879
5,135
3,463
1,378
2,094
5,752
27,244
21,981
5,237
3,398
1,310
2,081
5,829
27,443
22,163
5,237
3,576
1,416
2,154
5,917
27,205
22,166
5,079
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
May
June
A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1976
1977
Sex and age
June
Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
...
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years • •
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over . . .
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
..
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
7,171
7,406
7,564
7,651
7,183
7,064
6,737
6,750
6,962
1,664
758
913
1,639
4,180
3,448
688
1,703
lib
930
1,767
4,106
3,470
652
1,718
792
930
1,802
4,102
3,438
664
7,519
1,702
760
930
1,779
4,027
3,449
608
6,958
1,641
786
832
1,598
4,229
3,495
685
7,517
1,778
843
956
1,657
4,075
3,438
688
7,448
1,645
771
846
1,606
3,909
3,254
657
1,668
777
901
1,617
3,681
3,090
583
1,677
746
931
1,722
3,766
3,088
679
1,725
847
886
1,638
3,689
3,086
608
1,643
736
916
1,545
3,580
3,039
579
1,653
779
873
1,533
3,565
3,006
580
1,765
829
907
1,516
3,667
3,137
533
3,931
4,020
3,968
4,060
4,178
4,244
4,152
3,714
3,904
3,712
3,466
3,609
3,580
882
415
456
882
2,158
1,742
411
889
430
461
921
2,221
1,847
372
908
452
467
903
2,189
1,813
408
910
429
481
899
2,282
1,830
410
950
455
496
990
2,236
1,862
385
951
449
505
987
2,281
1,902
387
933
432
487
1,022
2,194
1,853
349
833
384
457
892
2,002
1,656
354
903
387
515
958
2,034
1,616
414
918
459
842
374
858
399
942
481
459
879
1,919
1,534
385
465
819
1,835
1,517
328
459
823
1,892
1,563
343
449
781
1,843
1,548
289
3,240
3,386
3,549
3,388
3,386
3,407
3,367
3,244
3,279
3,352
3,271
3,141
3,382
763
356
390
724
1,751
1,512
246
752
356
371
677
2,008
1,648
313
870
391
489
754
1,886
1,625
280
754
329
432
740
1,898
1,618
278
835
393
444
725
1,679
1,434
229
774
359
416
764
1,732
1,472
265
807
388
427
759
1,770
1,552
223
801
362
451
726
1,745
1,522
251
795
380
414
710
1,673
1,443
237
823
348
458
735
1,824
1,589
244
753
321
434
777
1,870
1,608
267
767
343
425
815
1,821
1,536
277
769
328
443
757
1,833
1,596
259
49
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1976
1977
Selected categories
June
Total employed
Household heads
Married men, spouse present
..
Married women, spouse present
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
87,533 87,783
87,834
87,794
87,738
88,220
88,441
88,588
88,962
89,475
90,023
90,408
90,679
51,132 51,038
38,122 38,146
20,334 20,353
51,120 51,185
38,179 38,140
20,402 20,470
51,159
37,989
20,384
51,356
37,895
20,482
51,525
37,998
20,498
51,710 51,729
38,195 38,159
20,511 20,756
51,970
38,294
20,963
52,230
38,536
21,076
52,314
38,509
20,962
52,437
38,582
20,831
43,583 43,503
13,363 13,291
43,731
13,471
44,023
13,581
44,2&7
13,427
44,297
13,597
44,648
13,544
44,521
13,444
44,451 44,495
13,408 13,439
44,851
13,591
44,766
13,483
44,798
13,638
9,230
5,467
15,523
29,132
11,268
10,257
9,226
5,442
15,544
29,100
11,329
10,131
9,309
5,504
15,447
28,912
11,286
10,015
9,446
5,555
15,441
28,745
11,340
9,820
9,436
5,551
15,793
28,921
11,352
9,885
9,491
5,597
15,612
29,001
11,353
9,970
9,564
5,815
15,725
29,150
11,302
10,231
9,613
5,633
15,831
29,634
11,626
10,341
9,502
5,815
15,726
29,917
11,668
10,341
9,434
9,543
5,765
5,617
15,896 16,061
30,025 30,193
11,709 11,896
10,574 10,394
9,400
5,695
16,188
30,423
11,894
10,530
9,570
5,673
15,917
30,432
11,891
10,378
3,365
4,242
12,058
2,826
3,275
4,365
12,178
2,861
3,266
4,345
12,265
2,913
3,275
4,310
12,165
2,772
3,297
4,387
11,972
2,829
3,258
4,420
12,026
2,743
3,283
4,334
11,880
2,791
3,358
4,309
11,874
2,624
3,448
3,487
4,255
4,450
12,017 12,272
2,652
2,663
3,482
4,421
12,254
2,779
3,552
4,447
12,372
2,904
3,551
4,612
12,697
2,838
1,317
1,671
342
1,306
1,686
336
1,339
1,700
352
1,309
1,608
344
1,310
1,671
343
1,285
1,627
342
1,380
1,530
340
1,246
1,490
354
1,282
1,513
319
1,310
1,548
366
1,325
1,655
393
1,381
1,595
378
78,117
1,389
14,899
61,829
5,642
453
78,250 78,423
1,433
1,384
14,942 15,262
61,875 61,777
5,661
5,640
447
444
78,440
1,400
15,143
61,897
5,701
433
78,498
1,377
14,998
62,123
5,632
448
78,766
1,448
15,045
62,273
5,771
449
78,957 79,205 79,520 79,869
1,384
1,391
1,317
1,313
14,967 15,013 14,913 14,923
62,606 62,801 63,290 63,633
5,798
5,854
5,853
5,919
460
536
516
419
79,331
64,858
3,150
1,326
1,824
79,257
65,261
3,136
1,311
1,825
78,991
64,687
3,178
1,350
1,828
79,796
64,965
3,376
1,378
1,998
79,469
64,955
3,448
1,339
2,109
79,940
65,385
3,545
1,289
2,256
80,369
65,846
3,454
1,234
2,220
79,832 80,837
65,700 66,144
3,320 3,438
1,112
1,335
2,208
2,103
10,796 11,323
10,860
11,126
11,455
11,066
11,010
11,069
Occupation
White-collar workers
Professional and technical...
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers . .
Operatives, except transport .
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
Major industry and class
of worker
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers .
Unpaid family workers
1,280
1,511
338
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private households . ,
Government
Other
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
80,306 80,429 80,814
1,320
1,388
1,305
14,960 15,075 14,961
64,026 64,049 64,465
6,050
5,954
5,997
518
550
499
Persons at work
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons .
Usually work full time . . . .
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic
reasons
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
50
10,812
81,330 81,005
66,659 66,436
3,276
3,174
1,212
1,167
2,064
2,007
81,771 81,618
67,219 67,126
3,368
3,290
1,341
1,314
1,976
2,027
11,395
11,262
11,395
11,124
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status
Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1977
May
1977
June
1977
6,857
6,486
6,045
441
6.8
6,861
6,501
6,021
474
7.3
6,865
6,508
6,019
489
7.5
6,819
6,500
6,004
496
7.6
1,085
977
823
154
15.8
1,080
949
787
162
17.1
1,077
956
818
138
14.4
1,073
921
796
125
13.6
1,058
937
767
170
18.1
3,301
3,138
2,900
238
7.6
3,109
2,945
2,748
194
6.7
3,077
2,906
2,713
193
6.6
3,044
2,893
2,671
222
7.7
3,012
2,872
2,647
225
7.8
3,062
2,923
2,715
208
7.1
2,699
2,643
2,532
111
4.2
2,297
2,244
2,128
116
5.2
2,660
2,590
2,488
102
3.9
2,700
2,631
2,545
86
3.3
2,740
2,652
2,538
114
4.3
2,780
2,715
2,576
139
5.1
2,699
2,640
2,522
118
4.5
17,432
15,526
14,438
1,088
7.0
17,556
16,294
15,132
1,162
7.1
16,715
15,011
13,820
1,191
7.9
17,191
15,674
14,327
1,347
8.6
17,264
15,717
14,483
1,234
7.9
17,347
16,645
15,510
1,135
6.8
17,432
15,646
14,527
1,119
7.2
17,556
15,870
14,780
1,090
6.9
7,910
7,061
6,247
814
11.5
8,104
6,736
6,055
681
10.1
8,133
7,327
6,614
713
9.7
7,910
6,650
5,946
704
10.6
8,036
6,956
6,151
805
11.6
8,056
6,932
6,211
721
10.4
8,080
6,850
6,161
689
10.1
8,104
6,831
6,135
696
10.2
8,133
6,909
6,293
616
8.9
5,035
4,742
4,448
294
6.2
5,328
4,968
4,713
255
5.1
5,276
5,017
4,712
305
6.1
5,035
4,733
4,427
306
6.5
5,239
4,952
4,589
363
7.3
5,268
5,029
4,676
353
7.0
5,298
4,977
4,691
286
5.7
5,328
4,990
4,722
268
5.4
5,276
5,006
4,689
317
6.3
3,770
3,621
3,455
166
4.6
4,000
3,822
3,670
152
4.0
4,147
3,950
3,806
144
3.6
3,770
3,628
3,447
181
5.0
3,916
3,766
3,587
179
4.8
3,940
3,756
3,596
160
4.3
3,969
3,818
3,658
160
4.2
4,000
3,825
3,670
155
4.1
4,147
3,955
3,798
157
4.0
June
1976
May
1977
June
1977
June
1976
Feb.
1977
Mar.
1977
6,677
6,363
5,836
527
8.3
6,865
6,479
6,011
468
7.2
6,819
6,532
6,046
486
7.4
6,677
6,333
5,796
537
8.5
6,854
6,512
6,059
453
7.0
1*079
967
786
181
18.7
1,073
918
801
117
12.7
1,058
953
785
168
17.6
1,079
951
768
183
19.2
3,301
3,150
2,913
237
7.5
3,012
2,858
2,639
219
7.7
3,062
2,936
2,729
207
7.1
2,297
2,246
2,137
109
4.9
2,780
2,703
2,571
132
4.9
16,715
15,424
14,150
1,274
8.3
VETERANS1
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
'.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7,1975.
2
Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
51
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1976
1975
1974
1977
Employment status
II
III
II
IV
III
IV
II
III
IV
II
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population *
Armed Forces l
1
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total p o p u l a t i o n . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural Industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
150,500 151,141 151,809 152,440 153,056 153,820 154,477 155,115 155,717 156,368 156,990 157,582
2,136
2,144
2,147
2,141
2,144
2,159
2,180
2,185
2,196
2,212
2,228
2,219
148,272 148,923 149,596 150,244 150,872 151,640 152,319 152,971 153,576 154,224 154,843 155,446
96,067
95,711
94,544
95,261
93,644
93,026
93,103
90,697 91,274 91,661 91,865 92,531
61.8
61.8
61.6
61.8
61.2
61.1
61.3
61.3
61.1
61.3
61.3
61.2
86,043 86,139 85,577 84,392 84,406 85,028 85,247 86,514 87,501 87,804 88,133 88,998
56.5
56.1
56.2
56.2
55.8
55.2
55.3
55.1
55.4
56.4
57.0
57.2
3,099
3,272
3,328
3,348
3,239
3,320
3,453
3,393
3,308
3,388
3,430
3,479
82,564 82,709 82,190 81,084 81,013 81,576 81,928 83,275 84,153 84,476 84,861 85,900
7,068
7,578
7,457
7,043
7,130
7,855
7,998
8,126
7,473
6,083
5,136
4,653
7.4
7.8
7.9
7.4
7.6
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.1
6.6
5.6
5.1
158,223
2,130
156,094
97,186
62.3
90,370
57.1
3,328
87,042
6,816
7.0
Males, 2 0 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total p o p u l a t i o n . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
63,800 64,073
61,998 62,285
50,218 50,356
80.8
81.0
48,495 48,438
75.6
76.0
2,496
2,494
46,001 45,942
1,918
1,723
3.8
3.4
64,372
62,599
50,612
80.9
48,186
74.9
2,462
45,724
2,426
4.8
64,642
62,911
50,552
80.4
47,399
73.3
2,431
44,968
3,153
6.2
64,904 65,238
63,181 63,510
50,826 51,097
80.5
80.4
47,253 47,511
72.8
72.8
2,451
2,425
44,829 45,061
3,586
3,573
7.0
7.0
65,543
63,828
51,038
80.0
47,526
72.5
2,381
45,145
3,512
6.9
65,827 66,090
64,139 64,400
51,012 51,401
79.8
79.5
48,074 48,480
73.4
73.0
2,414
2,331
45,743 46,066
2,921
2,938
5.7
5.8
66,385
64,690
51,741
80.0
48,628
73.3
2,388
46,240
3,114
6.0
66,711
65,014
52,019
80.0
48,772
73.1
2,297
46,475
3,247
6.2
67,023
65,338
51,998
79.6
49,106
73.3
2,216
46,891
2,892
5.6
67,321
65,635
52,289
79:7
49,618
73.7
2,342
47,277
2,671
5.1
Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
71,904 72,214
71,831 72,140
33,105 33,314
46.2
46.1
30,477 30,683
42.5
42.4
2,631
2,628
7.9
7.9
72,535
72,456
33,746
46.6
31,261
43.1
2,485
7.4
72,839 73,169
72,754 73,080
34,097 34,530
47.2
46.9
31,673 31,881
43.6
43.5
2,649
2,424
7.7
7.1
73,468
73,378
34,743
47.3
32,120
43.7
2,624
7.6
73,746
73,653
35,006
47.5
32,519
44.1
2,486
7.1
74,079
73,984
35,588
48.1
33,130
44.7
2,458
6.9
16,720
16,351
8,751
53.5
7,038
42.1
1,712
19.6
16,754
16,376
8,886
54.3
7,179
42.8
1,706
19.2
16,788
16,422
9,046
55.1
7,348
43.8
1,698
18.8
16,815
16,454
8,990
54.6
7,295
43.4
1,694
18.8
16,812
16,451
8,949
54.4
7,241
43.1
1,708
19.1
16,813
16,454
9,063
55.1
7,373
43.9
1,690
18.6
16,823
16,475
9,309
56.5
7,622
45.3
1,687
18.1
133,006 133,520 134,051 134,556 135,046 135,585 136,104 136,611 137,087 137,602 138,105 138,574
131,110 131,640 132,187 132,718 133,219 133,764 134,301 134,822 135,303 135,823 136,326 136,812
80,395 80,917 81,318 81,469 82,055 82,418 82,505 82,884 83,644 84,323 84,727 85,061
62.2
62.2
62.1
61.8
61.5
61.4
61.6
61.6
61.5
61.5
61.4
61..
76,66. 76,796 76,439 75,394 75,402 75,925 76,115 77,166 77,993 78,314 78,620 79,373
57.3
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.5
55.9
56.0
55.8
57.5
56.0
57.
57.0
5,688
6,107
6,010
5,651
5,718
6,390
6,493
6,653
4,121
6,075
4,879
3,731
6.7
7.2
6.8
7.1
6.9
7.7
7.9
8.1
5.1
6.0
4.6
7.5
139,084
137,333
85,949
62.6
80,555
57.9
5,394
6.3
19,008
18,634
11,099
59.6
9,678
50.9
1,421
12.8
19,139
18,761
11,189
59.6
9,758
51.0
1,431
12.8
70,292 70,593 70,913
70,244 70,545 70,856
31,713 32,131 32,159
45.5
45.1
45.4
30,123 30,346 30,074
43.0
42.4
42.9
1,786
2,085
1,590
5.6
6.5
5.0
71,226 71,531
71,165 71,465
32,522 32,891
45.7
46.0
29,929 30,128
42.0
42.1
2,593
2,763
8.0
8.4
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
16,40
16,030
8,766
54.
7,426
45.3
1,340
15.3
16,471
16,093
8,787
54.6
7,355
44.7
1,432
16.3
16,524
16,141
8,890
55.1
7,318
44.3
1,572
17.7
16,572
16,168
8,791
54.4
7,064
42.6
1,727
19.6
16,621
16,226
8,814
54.3
7,025
42.3
1,789
20.3
16,679
16,298
8,824
54.1
7,040
42.2
1,784
20.2
White
Total noninstitutional population 1 . . . .
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total p o p u l a t i o n . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Black and other
Total noninstitutional p o p u l a t i o n 1 . . . .
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total p o p u l a t i o n . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
17,49- 17,621
17,163 17,282
10,269 10,343
59.8
59. i
9,336
9,34.
53.0
53.
1,008
925
9.0
9.7
17,758
17,410
10,390
59.
9,179
51.7
1,21:
11.7
17,884 18,010
17,526 17,652
10,393 10,457
59.
59.3
8,973
9,000
49.8
50.3
1,484
1,393
14.2
13.4
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations.
18,23
17,876
10,617
59.4
9,121
50.0
1,496
14.1
18,374
18,01
10,65
59.1
9,179
50.0
1,478
13.9
18,504 18,631
18,148 18,273
10,773 10,855
59.4
59.4
9,454
9,360
50.7
50.6
1,413
1,401
13.1
12.9
18,766
18,401
10,918
59.3
9,485
50.5
1,432
13.1
18,885
18,517
11,044
59.6
9,562
50.6
1,483
13.4
N O T E : Detail for the household data shown in tables A-44 through A-53 and A-60 will not
necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
52
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1974
Full- and part-time employment
status, sex, and age
II
III
1975
IV
II
III
1976
II
IV
III
1977
IV
II
FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . .
77,598
74,011
3,588
4.6
77,989 78,438
74,006 73,603
3,983 4,835
5.1
6.2
78,564 79,021 79,289 79,652 80,025 80,657
72,485 72,299 72,684 73,175 74,308 74,981
6,079
6,722 6,605 6,477
5,717 5,676
7.7
8.5
8.3
7.1
8.1
7.0
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
47,793
46,224
1,569
3.3
47,872 48,091
46,124 45,848
1,749 2,243
3.7
4.7
48,011
45,064
2,946
6.1
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
24,835
23,572
1,263
5.1
25,193 25,315
23,797 23,633
1,397 1,682
5.5
6.6
...
4,970
4,215
755
15.2
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . ,
13,123
12,039
1,085
8.3
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
2,417
2,261
156
6.4
2,485
2,312
173
7.0
2,524
2,343
181
7.2
2,535
2,332
202
8.0
2,602
2,365
237
9.1
2,641
2,415
227
8.6
2,495
2,271
224
9.0
2,543
2,309
233
9.2
2,597
2,357
240
9.3
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
6,867
6,523
344
5.0
6,925 6,837
6,545 6,438
381
399
5.5
5.8
6,827
6,357
471
6.9
7,001
6,516
485
6.9
7,147 6,989
6,682 6,523
465
465
6.5
6.7
7,151
6,699
452
6.3
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
3,839
3,254
585
15.2
3,821
3,227
594
15.5
3,945
3,235
709
18.0
3,927 4,061 3,976
3,236 3,356 3,267
691
708
704
17.6
17.8
17.3
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
81,053 81,710
75,033 75,553
6,020 6,157
7.5
7.4
81,917
76,375
5,542
6.8
82,758
77,380
5,378
6.5
48,207 48,492 48,562
44,880 45,118 45,262
3,327 3,374 3,299
6.9
7.0
6.8
48,479 48,792 49,209 49,442
45,774 46,110 46,291 46,409
2,705 2,682
2,918 3,033
5.6
5.5
5.9
6.1
49,325
46,675
2,650
5.4
49,588
47,147
2,441
4.9
25,732
23,619
2,113
8.2
25,887 25,961 26,330
23,590 23,805 24,158
2,297 2,157 2,173
8.3
8.9
8.3
26,636 26,901
24,615 24,920
2,021 1,982
7.6
7.4
27,031 27,401
24,902 25,258
2,129 2,143
7.8
7.9
27,616
25,661
1,955
7.1
28,040
26,053
1,987
7.1
4,924 5,031
4,086 4,122
838
909
17.0
18.1
4,821
3,801
1,020
21.2
4,926 4,836 4,760
3,828 3,762 3,755
1,098 1,074 1,005
22.3
21.1
22.2
4,911 4,964
3,920 3,951
991 1,013
20.2
20.4
4,867
3,886
981
20.2
4,975
4,038
937
18.8
5,130
4,180
950
18.5
13,231 13,250
12,083 12,006
1,148 1,245
8.7
9.4
13,307
11,924
1,382
10.4
13,530 13,849 13,400
12,117 12,453 12,062
1,413 1,396 1,398
10.4
10.4
10.1
13,659 13,903
12,254 12,518
1,405 1,386
10.3
10.0
14,291 14,006
12,855 12,578
1,435 1,428
10.2
10.0
14,224
12,702
1,522
10.7
14,405
12,940
1,465
10.2
2,547
2,337
210
8.2
2,585
2,371
214
8.3
2,696
2,452
243
9.0
2,683
2,450
233
8.7
7,186
6,725
461
6.4
7,485
6,974
511
6.8
7,392
6,857
485
6.6
7,434
6,913
521
7.0
7,559
7,064
495
6.5
3,965 4,120
3,246 3,436
720
684
18.1
16.6
4,259
3,544
715
16.8
4,079
3,350
729
17.9
4,094
3,336
758
18.5
4,162
3,425
737
17.7
3,889
3,225
664
17.1
4,813
3,841
973
20.2
1
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
53
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
1976
1975
1974
Characteristics
II
III
II
I
IV
III
IV
III
II
3
IV
II
I
WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8 0 , 395
7 6 , 664
3 , 731
8 0 , 917
7 6 , 796
4 , 121
8 1 318
76 439
4 879
8 1 , 469
7 5 , 394
6 , 075
82 055
75 402
6 653
82 418
75 925
6 493
82 ,505
76 ,115
6 ,390
82 884
77 166
5 718
83 644
77 993
5 651
84 ,323
78 ,314
6 ,010
84 727
78 620
6 107
4.6
5.1
6.0
7.5
8.1
7.9
7.7
6.9
6.8
7.1
7.2
6.7
6.3
4 5 , 062
4 3 , 658
1 , 404
4 5 , 220
4 3 , 636
1 , 584
45 ,465
43 ,483
1 ,982
4 5 , 340
4 2 , 752
2 , 589
45 ,646
42 ,690
2 ,956
45 ,797
42 ,839
2 ,958
45 ,777
42 ,912
2 ,864
45 738
43 368
2 ,369
46 ,058
43 ,675
2 ,384
46 ,377
43 ,800
2 ,577
46 ,617
43 ,989
2 ,629
46 ,512
44 ,164
2 ,348
46 ,779
44 ,618
2 ,161
3.1
3.5
4.4
5.7
6.5
6.5
6.3
5.2
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.0
4.6
27, 507
26 231
1 , 276
4.6
27, 863
26, 437
1 , 426
5.1
27 ,917
26 ,244
28 ,552
26 ,296
28 ,717
26 ,624
28 ,917
26 ,765
29 ,202
27 ,228
29 ,485
27 ,555
29 ,877
27 ,787
30 ,088
27 ,978
2 ,256
2 ,093
2 ,151
1 ,973
1 ,930
2 ,090
2 ,109
1 ,939
1 ,894
6.0
28, 263
26 144
2, 119
7.5
7.9
7.3
7.4
6.8
6.5
7.0
7.0
6.4
6.2
7 826
7 834
7 ,857
6 723
1 111
7 ,936
6 ,712
1 ,224
7 866
6 775
1 051
6 499
1 368
6 ,416
1 ,441
]L3.4
JL4.2
7 ,905
6 ,462
1 ,442
18.2
7 ,812
6 ,437
1 ,375
17.6
7 ,944
6 ,569
1 ,375
17.3
8 ,101
6 ,763
1 ,338
:16.5
8 ,069
6 ,726
1 ,343
16.6
8 ,022
6 ,653
1 ,369
17.1
8 ,243
6 ,842
1 ,401
17.0
8 ,377
7 ,038
1 ,339
16.0
10 ,617
9 ,121
1 ,496
10 ,657
9 ,179
1 ,478
10 ,773
9 ,360
1 ,413
10 ,855
9 ,454
1 ,401
10 ,918
9 ,485
1 ,432
11 ,044
9 ,562
1 ,483
14.1
13.9
13.1
12.9
13.1
13.4
12.8
12.8
5 ,309
4 ,668
641
5 ,285
4 ,642
642
5 ,254
4 ,689
565
5 ,346
4 ,804
542
5 ,367
4 ,819
548
5 ,427
4 ,815
612
5 ,495
4 ,983
4 ,790
85 061 85 ,949
79 ,373 80 ,555
5 ,394
5 ,688
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed . .
Unemployment rate
1 ,673
15.4
]L7.4
18.3
10 ,390
9 ,179
1 ,212
10 ,393
9 ,000
1 ,393
10 ,457
8 ,973
11.7
L3.4
30 ,307 30 ,793
28 ,367 28 ,899
BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11 ,099 11 ,189
9 ,678 9 ,758
1 ,421 1 ,431
10 ,269
9 ,344
925
9.0
10 ,343
9 336
1 ,008
9.7
5 ,159
4 ,839
320
6.2
5 ,138
4 ,797
340
6.6
5 ,168
4 ,728
439
8.5
5 ,183
4 ,624
559
10.8
12.0
12.1
12.2
10.7
10.1
10.2
11.3
5 ,498
4 ,958
540
9.8
4 ,187
3 ,869
4 ,250
3 ,903
4 ,267
3 ,842
4 ,276
3 ,805
4 ,327
4 ,369
3 ,853
4 ,430
3 ,932
4 ,571
4 ,059
4 ,591
4 ,087
4 ,624
4 ,087
4 ,681
4 ,151
4 ,719
4 ,171
512
503
530
548
1 ,484
14.2
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54
425
471
5 ,186
4 ,565
621
3 ,811
516
515
498
537
512
9.3
4 ,216
574
318
7.6
347
8.2
10.0
11.0
11.9
11.8
11.2
11.2
11.0
11.6
11.3
11.6
12.0
923
635
287
31.1
956
635
320
33,5
956
608
348
36.4
934
572
362
38.8
944
597
347
36.7
939
600
340
36.2
943
605
338
35.9
948
612
336
35.4
919
563
356
38.8
927
579
348
37.5
936
595
341
36.4
882
549
333
37.8
904
559
345
38.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
1977
1976
1975
1974
Selected categories
II
III
IV
I
II
5.1
3.4
5.6
3.8
6.6
4.8
8.1
6.2
8.8
III
IV
I
II
8.4
6.9
7 .9
7.6
5.8
7.4
5.7
19.2
18.8
II
IV
I
7.8
6.0
7.9
6.2
7.4
7.0
5.6
7.1
5.1
6.9
18.8
19.1
III
CHARACTERISTICS
Total (all civilian workers) . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes 16-19 years
5.0
5.6
6.5
8.0
15.3
16.3
17.7
19.6
7.0
Q
/
20.3
8.6
7.0
7 .9
20.2
19.6
18.6
18.1
6.7
White
.
Black and other
4.6
5.1
6.0
7.5
7.9
7.7
6.9
6.8
7.1
7.2
9.0
9.7
11.7
13.4
14.2
14.1
13.9
13.1
12.9
13.1
13.4
12.8
6.3
12.8
Household heads, total
3.0
2.5
2.3
3.3
2.9
2.7
5,4
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.0
4.9
5.3
5.3
4.9
5.3
6.7
4.0
5.0
5.4
8.9
7.7
9.9
5.6
5.2
9.3
7.5
10.2
5.1
5.0
9.9
8.1
10.4
6.0
4.1
8.5
7.7
9.9
5.5
4.0
8.7
6.8
9.2
4.6
4.3
8.6
7.9
10.6
5.4
4.4
8.7
7.7
10.3
5.3
8.0
7.1
9.3
4.2
4.7
8.5
7.3
9,4
5.3
4.4
3.9
3.5
5.2
5.3
6.6
3.4
7.1
6.5
8.1
4.8
4.3
3.8
7.1
6.7
9.0
4.7
2.3
4.6
2.8
5.1
7.7
10.4
8.5
10.4
8.3
10.1
8.1
10.4
7.1
10.3
7.0
10.0
7.4
10.0
7.5
10.2
3.5
6.5
8.3
10.7
1.0
5.6
1.0
6.2
3.5
6.2
9,4
1.3
7.2
3.9
6.8
8.7
2.0
8.9
2.8
9.4
3.1
9.1
3.1
9.0
2.7
8.2
2.2
8.0
2.4
8.3
2.6
8.5
2.2
7.9
10.2
1.8
7.5
2.1
2.3
2.5
3.0
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.1
6.0
Males
With relatives
Without relatives
Females
.
With relatives
Without relatives
. .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost
4.1
O
8.1
Q
5.0
OCCUPATION
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
..
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
4.6
3.2
3.0
5.6
1.7
4.1
1.8
4.0
2.3
5.0
2,9
5.6
3.1
6.0
3.1
5.6
3.0
6.0
2.9
5.5
3.0
5.1
3.4
5.6
4.3
4.8
6.8
4.5
5.0
8.6
5.6
10.9
6.2
11,1
7.4
14.4
6.9
12.6
8.9
16.0
6.6
12.1
8.8
14.9
6.6
11.2
8.0
13.3
6.3
9.3
6.8
10.4
6.5
9.0
6.7
10.4
6.6
9.8
7.0
11.3
6.2
9.7
7.0
11.3
6.2
7.5
8.4
9.2
9.2
7.9
6.7
8.1
8.2
9.3
7.2
10.6
12.0
14.8
16.4
15.9
15.7
13.8
13.2
14.2
13.8
13.0
6.4
6,9
7.9
8.5
8.9
9.0
8.8
8.4
8.6
9.2
8.3
2.8
2.6
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.9
4.2
4.4
4.0
5.1
5.6
5.9
3.8
7.1
4.9
9.3
6.2
2.5
8.3
4.9
6.3
8.5
6.2
4.3
3.1
2.8
5.3
5.8
7.8
5.4
9.2
6.1
12.0
8.5
4.7
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
5,2
9.7
4.9
4.5
5.3
3.0
6.2
4.3
3.0
7.1
5.8
7.0
8.8
9.7
9.3
9.0
7.9
7.6
10.9
13.6
16.8
10.6
10.6
10.6
20.1
11.9
12.3
11.3
19.1
11.2
12.0
10.0
17,5
10.1
10.5
15.8
15.3
5.5
8.3
6.1
8.8
5.7
8.8
9.6
5.2
9.1
7.8
7.9
7.7
4.7
8.6
7.5
7.4
7.7
4.7
8.3
6.3
3.6
10.1
6.7
4.1
10.1
6.5
4.1
10.2
6.9
4.2
11.0
6.5
4.4
11.0
6.3
4.5
11.6
5.8
5.2
6.6
3.4
6.5
7.7
7.5
8.1
3.8
7.3
4.7
3.0
7.5
5.2
3.3
7.8
Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons
8.1
8.1
7.4
14.9
14.8
8.0
7.6
8.7
5.1
8.8
8.2
7.9
8.7
5.5
8.7
6.9
6.5
7.4
4.8
8.5
6.5
4.3
11.1
6.8
4.4
12.9
6.3
4.3
13.1
16.4
7.0
12.5
6.4
5.7
7.3
4.3
8.0
6.2
4.1
11.6
as percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
55
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-48.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
1974
1977
1976
Weeks of unemployment
II
III
III
II
I
IV
I
IV
II
III
IV
II
I
Duration
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
.. .
Average (mean) duration in weeks
2,409
1,418
2,592
1,583
868
519
349
947
574
373
9.7
9.7
9.9
100.0
51.3
30.2
18.5
11.1
7.4
100.0
50.6
30.9
18.5
11.2
7.3
100.0
48,1
32.2
19.6
12.1
7.5
2,921
1,956
1,190
733
456
2,825
2,393
2,464
1,137
1,326
15.5
2,857
2,096
2,129
1,284
15.9
2,883
2,317
2,300
1,101
1,199
15.5
100.0
40.7
29.1
30.2
11.8
18.4
100.0
38.4
30.9
30.7
14.7
16.0
100.0
36.8
31.2
32.1
14.8
17.3
100.0
40.3
29.6
30.1
13.0
17.1
2,824
2,355
2,875
1,427
1,448
15.5
2,758
2,340
2,888
1,288
1,600
16.4
2,634
1,957
2,546
1,001
1,545
16.4
2,838
2,032
2,106
11.3
2,934
2,569
2,553
1,462
1,091
13.9
100.0
41.3
34.4
24.3
14.8
9.5
100.0
36.4
31.9
31.7
18.1
13.5
100.0
35.1
29.2
35.7
17.7
18.0
100.0
34.5
29.3
36.2
16.1
20.0
100.0
36.9
27.4
35.7
14.0
21.6
3,071
2,557
1,803
1,098
705
822
2,980
1,991
1,796
111
1,025
921
1,209
14.7
14.5
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-49.
..
100.0
44.0
29.4
26.5
11.4
15.1
Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1974
Sex and age
II
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years . . .
55 years and over
56
III
1975
IV
II
1976
III
IV
1977
II
III
IV
II
5.1
5.6
6.6
8.1
8.8
8.6
8.4
7.6
7.4
7.8
7.9
7.4
7.0
15.3
17.6
13.5
8.3
3.2
3.4
2.6
16.3
18.3
14.9
9.3
3.6
3.7
3.1
17.7
19.9
16.0
10.6
4.5
4.7
3.4
19.6
21.2
18.5
13.1
5.7
6.0
4.4
20.3
21.2
19.5
14.0
6.4
6.8
4.9
20.2
22.0
18.9
13.8
6.2
6.5
4.8
19.6
21.0
18.5
13.7
6.1
6.3
5.0
19.2
20.9
18.1
12.2
5.3
5.4
4.6
18.8
21.3
17.0
11.6
5.2
5.4
4.5
18.8
21.2
17.1
11.7
5.8
6.0
4.8
19.1
21.2
17.6
12.6
5.6
5.9
4.5
18.6
21.0
17.0
11.6
5.1
5.3
4.4
18.1
20.3
16.5
10.7
4.9
5.2
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.9
7.4
8.2
8.2
7.9
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.4
6.6
6.2
14.8
17.8
12.4
7.8
2.7
2.8
2.4
15.8
18.5
13.9
8.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
17.4
20.0
15.3
10.5
3.8
4.0
3.1
19.7
21.3
18.5
13.5
5.0
5.2
4.2
20.8
21.9
19.9
14.8
5.7
6.0
4.6
20.4
22.4
19.0
15.0
5.7
6.0
4.6
19.4
20.6
18.6
14.3
5.6
5.8
4.8
19.4
21.1
18.3
12.3
4.6
4.7
4.5
19.3
21.7
17.5
11.4
4.7
4.7
4.5
18.7
21.2
16.9
11.8
5.1
5.2
4.5
19.5
21.8
17.7
12.8
5.1
5.3
4.2
18.2
20.3
16.7
11.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
17.5
19.8
15.8
10.4
6.2
6.8
7.8
9.2
9.6
9.2
9.2
8.6
8.3
8.9
8.7
8.4
8.2
15.8
17.3
14.7
8.9
4.2
4.4
3.1
16.9
17.9
16.1
9.9
4.6
4.8
3.3
18.0
19.8
16.7
10.6
5.6
5.9
4.1
19.5
21.2
18.4
12.6
6.9
7.4
4.8
19.6
20.4
19.1
13.0
7.4
8.0
5.3
20.0
21.5
18.8
12.3
7.0
7.4
5.0
19.7
21.5
18.4
12.9
6.8
7.2
5.4
19.0
20.5
18.0
12.1
6.3
6.6
4.8
18.2
20.8
16.4
11.7
6.1
6.5
4.6
19.0
21.2
17.4
11.4
6.8
7.1
5.4
18.6
20.4
17.4
12.4
6.5
6.9
4.9
19.1
21.9
17.3
11.7
6.0
6.4
4.4
18.8
21.0
17.3
11.0
6.0
6.4
4.5
4.5
3.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1974
Reason for unemployment
1976
1975
1977
II
III
1,913
2,167
590
716
1,323
1,451
2,866
1,065
1,801
730
762
788
770
828
805
848
822
876
962
875
901
915
1,391
1,523
1,626
1,809
1,925
1,842
1,895
1,885
1,809
1,911
1,982
1,989
1,961
621
685
756
777
773
851
847
858
860
892
919
948
981
41.1
12.7
28.4
15.7
29.9
13.3
42.2
13.9
28.2
14.8
29.6
13.3
47.5
17.6
29.8
13.1
26.9
12.5
54.4
21.5
32.9
10.5
24.6
10.6
56.8
23.2
33.6
10.1
23.6
9.5
57.0
22.0
35.1
9.9
22.6
10.5
54.3
19.1
35.1
10.8
24.1
10.8
49.7
13.8
35.9
11.6
26.6
12.1
49.8
14.1
35.7
12.4
25.6
12.2
50.0
15.8
34.2
12.8
25.4
11.9
49.9
14.3
35.6
11.6
26.3
12.2
45.8
12.5
33.3
12.7
28.1
13.4
43.5
11.4
32.2
13.4
28.7
14.4
2 1
.8
1.5
.7
24
.8
1.7
.8
3 1
.9
1.8
.8
44
.8
2.0
.8
5 0
.9
2.1
.8
5 0
.9
2.0
.9
46
.9
2.0
.9
3 8
.9
2.0
.9
.9
1.9
.9
1.0
2.0
.9
.9
2.1
1.0
.9
2.1
1.0
.9
2.0
1.0
III
II
I
IV
IV
I
II
III
II
I
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
4,003 4,637 4,645
1,586 1,894 1,789
2,418 2,743 2,856
4,257
1,500
2,757
3,758 3,765 3,249
886
995 1,185 1,077
2,521 2,573 2,688 2,363
3,524 3,516
979
2,546
2,973
111
2,196
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
On layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
1974
1976
1977
Sex and age
II
Total, 16 years and
16 to 19 vears
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . . .
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 vears
• •
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . . .
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . . .
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
86,043
86,139
84,392
84,406
85,028
85,247
86,514
87,501 87,804
88,133
88,998
90,370
7,426
3,079
4,337
11,917
66,705
52,922
13,749
7,355 7,318
7,064
3,085 3,043 2,959
4,273 4,117
4,269
11,909 11,903 11,617
66,854 66,359 65,725
53,183 52,813 52,203
13,680 13,557 13,535
7,025
2,891
4,128
11,573
52,267
13,516
7,040
2,878
4,186
11,696
66,281
52,817
13,484
7,038
2,891
4,147
11,665
66,540
53,111
13,443
7,179
2,916
4,261
12,033
67,321
53,873
13,468
7,348
2,935
4,398
12,328
67,826
54,389
13,404
7,295
2,960
4,350
12,360
68,123
54,645
13,494
7,241
2,886
4,356
12,372
68,517
54,873
13,648
7,373
2,965
4,420
12,646
69,025
55,512
13,544
7,622
3,064
4,544
12,818
69,947
56,200
13,716
52,599
4,104
1,730
2,364
6,649
41,850
33,114
8,725
52,474 52,188 51,219
4,036
4,002 3,820
1,721
1,698
1,633
2,321 2,302
2,198
6,586
6,593
6,364
41,824 41,617 41,032
33,138 32,956 32,471
8,681 8,674 8,561
51,041
3,787
1,601
2,182
6,286
40,974
32,462
8,502
51,309
3,798
1,587
2,229
6,341
41,156
32,661
8,489
51,323 51,936
3,797 3,863
1,585
1,581
2,206
2,277
6,366 6,612
41,175 41,464
32,803 33,137
8,390 8,329
52,406 52,550
3,926 3,922
1,592
1,627
2,323 2,307
6,761 6,757
41,725 41,842
33,355 33,399
8,360 8,436
52,673
3,901
1,596
2,302
6,833
41,956
33,504
8,474
53,078
3,972
1,606
2,374
6,971
42,150
33,767
8,409
53,761
4,143
1,696
2,434
6,985
42,649
34,096
8,532
33,445
33,665 33,389
33,172
33,365
33,719
33,924
35,094
35,254
35,460
35,920
36,609
3,322
1,349
1,973
5,268
24,854
19,807
5,024
3,316
1,345
1,971
5,317
24,742
19,857
4,883
3,244
1,326
1,919
5,252
24,693
19,732
4,974
3,237
1,291
1,946
5,287
24,837
19,806
5,014
3,242
1,291
1,957
5,354
25,125
20,156
4,995
3,241 3,317
1,306
1,335
1,941
1,984
5,299 5,422
25,366 25,857
20,307 20,736
5,053 5,139
3,422 3,373
1,343
1,333
2,075
2,043
5,568 5,603
26,100 26,281
21,034 21,246
5,044 5,058
3,341
1,290
2,054
5,539
26,561
21,369
5,175
3,401
1,359
2,045
5,675
26,875
21,745
5,135
3,479
1,368
2,110
5,833
27,297
22,103
5,184
3,319
1,364
1,948
5,316
25,030
20,045
4,998
85,577
65,811
34,578
57
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1976
1975
1974
Selected categories
II
Total employed
....
Household heads
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present . . .
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
8 6 , 043
8 6 , 139
8 5 , 577
8 4 , 392
8 4 , 406
8 5 , 028
8 5 , 247
8 6 , 514
8 7 , 501
8 7 , 804
8 8 , 133
8 8 , 998
90,370
5 0 , 900
3 9 , 042
19, 601
5 0 , 894
3 8 , 844
19, 756
5 0 , 614
3 8 , 584
19, 593
4 9 , 882
3 7 , 892
19, 367
4 9 , 912
3 7 , 860
19, 434
5 0 , 258
3 7 , 933
19, 608
5 0 , 276
3 7 , 832
19, 816
5 0 , 795
3 8 , 032
20, 058
5 1 , 151
3 8 , 181
20, 249
5 1 , 114
3 8 , 155
20, 408
5 1 , 347
3 7 , 961
20, 455
5 1 , 803
3 8 , 216
20, 743
52,327
38,542
20,956
4 1 , 770
1 2 , 356
4 1 , 827
1 2 , 461
4 1 , 873
1 2 , 335
4 1 , 884
1 2 , 511
42, 181
1 2 , 713
42, 435
1 2 , 870
42, 412
1 2 , 909
43, 096
1 3 , 138
43, 590
1 3 , 222
43, 752
1 3 , 448
44, 384
1 3 , 523
44, 489
1 3 , 430
44,805
13,571
9 , 082
5 , 382
950
?9} 910
1 1 , 527
10, 762
8, 818
5, 418
I S 130
?9, 808
1 1 , 510
10, 667
8 , 830
5 , 433
1 5 , 276
?9, ?61
1 1 , 351
10, 270
8 , 777
5 , 447
1 5 , 149
?8, 0?1
10, 905
9, 699
8 , 849
5 , 508
1 5 , 112
2 7 , 776
10, 902
9, 530
8 , 948
5 , 500
1 5 , 117
2 7 , 869
10, 974
9, 544
8 , 989
5 , 387
1 5 , 128
2 8 , 167
1 1 , 098
9, 770
9 , 169
5 , 344
1 5 , 446
2 8 , 789
1 1 , 218
10, 119
9 , 274
5 , 488
1 5 , 606
2 9 , 105
1 1 , 239
10, 213
9 , 327
5 , 500
1 5 , 477
2 8 , 919
1 1 , 318
9, 989
9 , 497
5 , 654
1 5 , 710
2 9 , 024
1 1 , 336
10, 029
9 , 553
5 , 668
1 5 , 818
2 9 , 859
1 1 , 668
10, 422
9,468
5,711
16,055
30,349
11,894
10,434
3, 788
4 , 334
H i 338
3 , 068
3, 334
4 , 297
11 J467
9, 962
3, 246
4 , 394
1 1 , 500
2 , 941
3, 248
4 , 169
1 1 J 616
?, 880
3, 209
4 , 135
11 545
?, 955
3, 221
4 , 130
1 1 , 658
3, 001
3, 199
4 , 100
1 1 , 807
?, 874
3, 213
4 , 239
1 1 , 853
2, 790
3, 320
4 , 334
1 2 , 007
2, 861
3, 272
4 , 340
1 2 , 203
2 , 849
3, 279
4 , 380
1 1 , 959
2, 788
3, 431
4 338
12 054
2 646
3,528
4,493
12,441
2,840
1 319
1 ,746
409
1 317
1 729
375
1 348
1 675
363
1 230
1 ,720
374
1 ,252
1 ,737
395
1 340
1 719
398
1 ,275
1 ,685
356
1 ,310
1 611
319
1 323
1 ,659
354
1 318
1 665
344
1 ,325
1 ,609
342
1 ,269
1 ,505
337
1,339
1,599
379
76 ,395
1 ,414
14 ,032
60 ,949
5 ,674
490
76 509
1 379
14 033
6 1 ,098
5 ,702
479
76 060
1 305
14 156
60 ,599
5 ,676
485
74 ,996
1 ,340
14 ,341
59 ,314
5 ,546
494
74 ,929
1 ,386
14 ,475
59 ,068
5 ,609
460
75 ,488
1 ,338
14 ,651
59 ,499
5 ,624
458
75 ,763
1 ,327
14 ,645
59 ,791
5 ,722
502
77 ,073
1 ,277
14 ,857
60 ,940
5 ,683
480
78 ,003
1 ,343
14 ,854
61 ,806
5 ,673
460
78 371
1 ,406
l b ,11b
6 1 ,850
5 ,667
441
78 ,740
1 ,40J
l b ,003
62 ,334
5 ,734
4b2
79 ,531
1 ,340
14 ,9bU
63 ,241
b ,8/b
4yo
80,516
64 ,?0?
2 ,497
1 ,170
1 ,327
64 ,452
2 ,722
1 ,?75
1 ,447
63 ,421
3 ,162
1 ,605
1 ,557
62 ,093
3 ,639
1 ,874
1 ,766
61 ,968
3 ,635
1 ,704
1 ,931
62 ,009
3 ,348
1 ,499
1 ,849
63 ,164
3 ,321
1 ,403
1 ,918
64 ,367
3 ,237
1 ,283
1 ,954
64 ,529
3 ,210
1 ,357
1 ,853
64 ,971
3 ,230
1 ,346
1 ,884
65 ,395
3 ,482
1 ,287
2 ,195
66 ,168
3 ,34b
1 ,220
2 ,125
66,927
3,277
1,274
2,003
10 ,362
10 ,584
10 ,500
10 ,445
10 ,626
10 ,740
10 ,574
10 ,731
10 ,901
11 ,147
11 ,048
11 ,154
11,260
Occupation
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Service workers
Farm workers
Major industry and class
of worker
Agriculture:
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers . . . .
Private households
Government
Other
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,338
14,999
64,180
6,000
522
Persons at work
Nonagricultural industries:
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons . . . .
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic
reasons . .
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
58
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race,
seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1974
Characteristic
[I
III
1976
1975
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
El
1977
III
]
:v
II
I
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
. . ..
Do not want job now
Current activity:
Going to school
III, disabled
Keeping house
Retired . . .
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1 . .
57 ,575
53 ,245
57 649 57 ,935
52 988 53 ,333
58,378
52,885
58, 341
53, 414
58,614
53,575
59,215
54,050
59,327
53,831
59 ,032
53 ,938
58,963
54,715
59 132
53 991
59, 379
53, 792
58, 908
53, 190
5 ,850
4 ,741
32 ,053
7 ,386
6 ,072 6 ,139
4 824 4 ,875
31 804 31 ,594
403 7 ,528
6,146
4,944
31,171
7,660
2,964
5,211
6 , 344
4 , 816
3 1 , 494
6,404
4,671
31,272
7,822
3,407
5,354
6,387
4,739
31,387
8,277
3,260
5,256
6,360
4,710
30,970
8,304
3,487
5,388
6 ,249
4 ,675
3 1 ,055
8 ,470
6,879
4,875
30,688
8,785
3J491
4,339
6 ,338
4 603
30 338
6 , 101
4 , 739
3 0 , 555
8 , 717
6 , 137
4 , 482
3 0 , 237
9, 012
5 436
5, 663
5, 762
1,151
491
1,024
827
568
259
1 559
1,
1 , 445
1 ,273
1 , 266
992
762
230
929
644
285
830
1 , 304
1 , 061
726
335
847
985
1 , 229
1 , 122
I 884
,197
4 ,393
4 607
4 ,671
1 ,221
,215
1 ,188
1 334
1 ,039
1 033
640
437
203
932
16,177
16,443
16 ,274
16,280
16 ,304
16, 637
16, 492
14,626
1,702
14 ,680
1 ,658
15,244
1,297
14 ,777
1 ,671
14, 849
14, 647
1 , 576
14,563
1,707
1 , 715
1 , 770
15,590
15, 594
13,766
1,610
14, 031
868
14 ,892
15 097 15 ,128
13 ,448
1 ,341
13 ,417 13 ,712
1 ,476 1 ,453
323
14,280
1,739
927
943
686
15,707
869
901
8 828
3 884
903
123
809
314
628
423
205
1,446
651
1,182
1,064
868
196
710
U88
5 ,426
1,422
718
1,222
940
649
291
1,086
1,508
675
1,073
1,171
957
214
652
1029
825
570
255
594
657
3', 104
5 j 084
1,
1 , 070
*-ffl
1,115
977
803
174
1 ,529
763
1 ,227
903
617
286
1 ,004
627
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get job
Other reasons1
610
254
235
670
293
226
649
276
277
Ilk
275
336
699
277
373
783
308
392
751
338
340
716
325
366
767
333
308
574
199
281
746
269
341
786
307
283
745
357
316
242
286
250
226
227
257
277
294
249
243
315
339
352
42 ,684
42 ,552 42 ,808
42,789
42, 747
42,907
43,039
42,884
42 ,758
42,683
42 ,828
42, 742
42, 416
39 ,797
3 ,052
39 ,571 39 ,621
3 ,131 3 ,217
39,119
3,601
39, 383
39,295
3,615
39,487
3,549
39,205
3,686
39 ,257
3 ,768
39,471
3,042
39 ,215
3 ,765
38, 943
38, 543
3, 508
3, 948
3, 992
Females
Total not in labor force
....
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
. .
Ill health disability
Home responsibilities
578
340
664
417
572
376
673
376
698
348
726
366
784
387
706
393
762
430
577
292
813
358
760
385
699
473
1 039
1 , 033
1 ,029
1,182
728
642
1 , 070
1,115
637
626
1,222
574
792
1,024
546
604
1 , 273
1 , 266
1 , 304
749
642
1,073
780
670
1 ,227
548
692
651
670
647
890
745
770
50 715
50, 723 50 ,869
51,249
5 1 , 165
51,346
51,797
51,939
51 ,659
51,500
5 1 , 599
5 1 , 751
5 1 , 384
47 ,331
3 386
47, 193 47 ,180
3, 544 3 ,644
46,963
4,012
47, 389
3, 906
47,447
4,103
47,885
3,976
47,680
4,092
47 701
4 098
48,170
3,403
47, 499
4, 175
47, 364
4 , 313
47, 125
4 , 360
1 , 109
445
1 , 034
1 , 206
508
1 , 045
675
1 , 007
405
690
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
402
615
595
755
White
Total not in labor force
....
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
908
432
1 , 026
515
911
498
1,110
1 , 090
457
1,120
1,151
1,087
484
483
520
500
1 ,119
529
934
354
802
500
796
475
831
630
930
785
856
782
886
845
839
697
920
700
943
694
809
601
743
732
774
703
721
768
769
886
813
705
755
986
665
831
948
741
892
Black and other
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1
....
6 ,894
6, 939
7 ,020
7,133
7, 195
7,259
7,360
7,375
7 ,418
7,483
7, 473
7, 535
7, 572
5 ,872
987
5, 905
1 , 080
6 ,014
1 ,015
5,909
1,182
5, 998
1 , 144
6,078
1,268
6,128
1,261
6,085
1,271
6 ,072
1 ,311
6,552
966
6, 227
1 , 241
6, 202
1 , 343
6, 082
1 , 395
282
158
248
304
195
275
291
145
219
336
171
276
305
168
234
373
197
234
355
195
304
341
227
306
410
237
289
232
137
249
408
180
270
342
192
279
413
163
285
137
162
160
147
201
159
281
118
308
130
336
129
292
115
233
163
204
171
226
122
250
132
280
249
287
246
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of home responsibilities.
59
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
20-24
16-19
Reasons for not seeking work
1976
life
25-59
life
life
life
life
life
life
life
Total
Total not In labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a Job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities . . . .
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors . . . .
Personal factors
Other reasons1
59,186
53,377
59,042
52,807
7,315
5,385
7,095
5,116
4,698
3,701
4,685
3,631
23,444
21,076
23,089
20,482
23,729
23,215
24,136
23,581
5,505
4,736
31,189
8,531
3,417
5,549
4,539
30,359
9,082
3,278
3,880
41
3,703
46
1,167
112
609
592
2,022
1,318
134
1,814
3
362
430
2,318
16,565
142
1,620
509
2,247
15,928
150
1,648
27
2,266
11,992
8,388
542
19
2,114
12,024
8,930
494
5,809
6,198
1,055
2,368
2,606
514
554
412
59
238
119
82
38
169
411
43
249
166
130
35
186
111
471
771
454
372
85
495
196
510
840
433
81
544
142
62
175
77
98
135
7
178
39
211
85
127
119
855
775
401
1,930
1,980
997
1,495
36
88
155
119
36
156
1,479
2,083
709
1,160
904
648
257
953
2,092
766
1,234
1,039
759
280
1,067
16,186
16,399
3,182
3,049
1,294
1,338
3,036
3,079
8,674
8,934
14,194
14,287
2,264
2,119
927
949
2,570
2,565
8,432
8,654
2,719
2,670
218
6,734
1,853
2,669
2,554
260
7,044
1,760
1,830
20
11
1,728
20
24
625
50
12
700
67
404
347
239
1,992
2,112
918
929
1,088
319
326
259
1,094
342
316
360
747
21
87
63
43,000
42,643
39,183
38,519
2,786
2,066
30,970
1,797
1,564
2,879
1,985
30,099
2,038
1,518
2,050
22
598
3,817
4,085
995
390
1,160
578
694
998
424
1,234
723
706
748
15
88
68
92
34
105
145
109
35
217
516
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance . . . .
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get job . . .
Other reasons '
259
239
3
179
1,347
53
127
785
1,292
59
138
837
5
1,254
142
6,606
427
2
1,176
178
6,902
396
367
389
466
514
242
280
750
11
53
115
251
30
36
50
234
23
56
76
90
187
109
80
110
216
90
98
80
95
67
92
117
71
4,133
4,046
3,404
3,347
20,408
20,009
15,055
15,202
3,122
2,995
2,776
2,682
18,505
17,912
14,781
14,928
270
953
15,869
10
810
22
1,011
11,850
1,782
116
17
938
11,847
2,028
98
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance . . . .
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities . .
Think cannot get job . . .
Other reasons
1,974
26
568
543
62
2,010
617
67
1,814
452
427
162
184
171
971
16,513
15
835
1,011
1,051
628
665
1,903
2,096
274
275
729
23
105
92
102
160
28
238
84
118
111
20
249
109
110
88
283
771
346
415
86
296
840
427
447
63
62
80
69
7
86
39
95
48
1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54, A-55, and A-57 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.
60
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
{In thousands]
Age in years
Total
Reasons for not seeking work
Fem ales
Males
25-59
16-24
60 and over
II
1977
II
1976
1977
9,652
9,331
20,584
20,228
7,463
7,154
18,827
18,227
3,952
138
2,120
362
1,857
15,112
133
1,366
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
21,515
21,895
13,786
13,940
37,965
37,515
21,071
21,404
12,289
12,291
35,075
34,489
398
1,796
14,513
147
1,372
25
1,882
11,057
7,625
482
15
1,749
11,067
8,117
458
2,218
2,193
190
6,149
1,539
2,104
2,104
220
6,415
1,448
2,218
1,679
28,232
1,609
1,338
2,259
1,577
27,483
1,849
1,319
1,757
2,001
444
491
1,497
1,649
2,890
3,026
1,429
69
205
200
274
127
302
591
338
399
141
388
694
327
451
117
44
157
126
7
144
35
189
116
834
230
825
289
231
202
244
291
756
243
854
445
592
754
313
934
472
553
2,361
2,449
2,857
2,860
2,214
2,280
2,400
2,459
5,034
5,129
1,625
1,593
2,247
2,255
2,142
2,217
1,906
1,997
4,107
4,069
998
19
378
1,073
228
200
68
462
1,456
10
252
112
449
1,414
2
276
568
387
2,738
189
226
620
407
2,615
189
199
II
1976
II
1977
51,751
51,455
47,364
46,780
4,436
3,872
28,422
7,758
2,877
4,363
3,681
27,703
8,264
2,767
4,048
133
2,253
1,027
939
4,387
4,675
2,189
2,177
1,590
473
854
676
794
1,579
602
934
716
844
1,464
54
219
180
272
7,434
7,588
6,013
6,066
1,071
864
2,767
774
540
1,185
857
2,655
815
514
1,421
1,522
736
856
610
605
442
41
108
94
51
458
9
150
111
128
51
168
179
117
95
53
122
147
190
93
II
1976
WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1 . . . .
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
BLACK AND OTHER
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1 . . . .
Think cannot get job . . . . .
Other reasons
492
236
306
229
158
513
164
300
322
223
41
283
2
383
935
764
59
4
366
958
813
36
72
63
26
19
17
10
503
477
29
585
314
34
5
22
2
565
450
40
626
315
494
462
927
253
89
269
52
96
56
72
69
239
147
306
133
102
1,060
244
112
300
250
154
Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."
A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and
detailed reason
[In thousands]
2nd Quarter 1977
Age in years
Detailed reason for not seeking work
Total
16-19
60 and
over
20-24
Black and
White
other
TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap
155
64
61
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
465
294
19
2
14
17
2
16
58
92
38
15
31
35
119
2
6
142
42
42
13
22
19
272
42
263
202
161
43
227
66
84
4
72
75
9
11
2
2
7
4
22
13
2
17
4
51
Males
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
137
27
39
51
21
88
49
63
15
8
19
20
57
6
71
11
2
11
47
53
10
14
29
39
2
10
23
328
32
54
231
36
30
221
142
23
67
4
35
18
4
25
15
21
175
170
153
60
61
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Ageirl years
Most recent work experience and
reason for leaving job
Total
16-24
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
Total, not in labor force .
Never worked
,
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months ,
Percent distribution by reason . .
School, home responsibilities .
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
,
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons
,
59,185
10,172
28,286
11,444
9,283
100.0
38.2
9.5
8.9
21.0
7.8
6.1
7.0
22.4
59,042
9,844
28,388
11,250
9,521
100.0
40.0
8.3
8.1
20.3
8.4
6.2
5.7
23.2
12,013
5,203
354
2,095
4,362
100.0
51.8
2.4
Males, not in labor force . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months .
Percent distribution by reason .
School, home responsibilities ,
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
,
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons
16,186
2,323
6,677
3,774
3,412
100.0
29.1
12.2
15.7
19.0
7.4
6.3
5.3
23.9
16,399
2,140
7,002
3,814
3,443
100.0
31.3
11.9
14.6
18.1
9.1
5.5
3.5
24.0
4,476
2,022
41
509
1,902
100.0
46.3
2.7
Females, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago . . . .
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .
School, home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .
Slack work
End of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
43,000
7,848
21,609
7,671
5,872
100.0
43.5
7.9
4.8
22.2
8.1
6.1
8.0
21.6
42,643
7,704
21,386
7,436
6,078
100.0
45.0
6.3
4.5
21.5
8.0
6.5
7.0
22.7
7,537
3,181
312
1,586
2,459
100.0
56.0
2.3
II
1977
„.,
18.8
8.0
4.1
6.8
26.9
20.0
9.3
4.0
6.6
31.0
17*9
6.9
4.1
6.9
23.7
Black and
other
Whue
60 and over
25-59
II
1977
1976
II
1977
II'
1976
1977
1976
II
1977
11,780 23,444
5,016 2,330
297 12,092
1,980 5,517
4,484 3,505
100.0 100.0
51.0
35.1
2.4
15.6
2.8
19.0
24.3
9.2
8.0
5.0
8.6
4.8
7.7
27.6
22.3
23,088
2,298
11,607
5,469
3,713
100.0
39.3
13.0
2.5
23.0
7.6
8.4
7.0
22.2
23,729
2,639
15,840
3,834
1,415
100.0
4.3
16.1
51.1
19.6
6.9
6.6
6.1
8.9
24,174
2,529
16,483
3,800
1,324
100.0
5.0
15.2
51.6
17.0
8.0
3.8
5.2
11.2
51,751
8,345
25,358
10,027
8,021
100.0
39.3
8.4
9.7
20.2
7.5
5.9
6.7
22.5
51,455
7,893
25,416
9,865
8,280
100.0
40.5
8.4
8.8
19.4
7.8
5.8
5.9
22.9
7,434
1,826
2,928
1,418
1,263
100.0
31.8
16.3
3.6
26.4
9.7
7.8
8.9
21.9
7,588
1,951
2,972
1,384
1,241
100.0
36.8
8.1
4.0
26.1
12.6
8.8
4.7
25.0
4,387 3,035
1,909
229
22 1,061
481 1,069
1,974
676
100.0 100.0
47.2
14.2
2.5
33.5
.._
7.0
19.9
19.4
11.4
2.8
4.9
12.7
3.9
3.6
30.4
25.9
3,079
190
1,143
1,037
707
100.0
18.4
29.7
9.5
17.8
4.0
9.3
4.5
24.7
8,674
72
5,574
2,195
832
100.0
1.9
16.9
58.9
16.2
6.7
6.3
3.2
6.0
8,934
42
5,836
2,294
760
100.0
2.0
20.0
57.6
13.6
7.8
3.6
2.2
6.8
13,786
1,749
5,857
3,268
2,912
100.0
29.5
11.1
17.5
17.8
7.1
5.8
4.9
24.2
13,940
1,541
6,075
3,382
2,941
100.0
32.0
12.1
15.8
17.0
8.5
5.2
3.3
23.1
2,400
574
820
506
500
100.0
27.2
19.0
5.4
26.2
9.6
9.2
7.4
22.2
2,459
599
927
431
502
100.0
27.4
10.7
7.8
24.3
12.3
7.6
4.4
29.8
7,394 20,408
3,109 2,101
274
274
1,500 4,447
2,509 2,828
100.0 100.0
40.1
54.0
2.4
11.4
1.8
18.2
25.4
7.5
9.3
5.1
7.6
5.7
8.5
21.4
25.5
20,009
2,110
11,031
4,431
3,005
100.0
44.2
9.1
.9
24.3
8.4
8.2
7.6
21.6
15,055
2,567
10,463
1,639
584
100.0
7.7
14.9
40.0
24.4
7.0
7.0
10.3
13.0
15,241
2,487
10,648
1,505
563
100.0
9.1
8.7
43.5
21.8
8.5
4.1
9.2
16.9
37,965
6,596
19,501
6,759
5,109
100.0
44.8
6.9
5.2
21.5
7.8
6.0
7.8
21.5
37,515
6,352
19,341
6,483
5,339
100.0
45.2
6.3
4.9
20.7
7.3
6.1
7.3
22.9
5,034
1,252
2,108
912
763
100.0
34.8
14.6
2.4
26.5
9.8
6.8
9.8
21.8
5,129
1,352
2,045
953
739
100.0
43.2
6.2
1.5
27.3
12.9
9.6
4.9
21.8
II
1976
II
II
A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
to seeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Black and
other
Total
16-24
Work-seeking intentions and work history
25-59
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
50,686
8,499
1,789
1,082
1,958
3,670
49,946
9,057
1,799
1,153
2,009
4,096
7,286
4,727
1,704
52
683
2,289
6,780 20,170
3,274
4,999
1,690
85
914
66
1,058
769
1,216
2,474
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Females
13,287
2,899
757
119
549
1,474
13,382
3,017
711
129
529
1,648
2,409
2,068
742
10
236
1,080
2,220
2,166
702
4
258
1,201
Do not intend to seek work . . ,
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
37,399
5,601
1,033
962
1,409
2,196
36,564
6,040
1,088
1,024
1,480
2,448
4,877
2,659
963
41
447
1,208
4,560
2,833
988
62
511
1,272
II
1977
II
1976
60 and over
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
19,550
3,536
99
955
1,055
1,430
23,231
498
117
2.7
165
23,615
522
11
132
185
195
44,944
6,807
1,347
919
1,536
3,005
44,301
7,154
1,251
935
1,537
3,431
5,742
1,692
443
162
423
665
5,645
1,904
550
218
472
665
2,451
583
15
64
214
292
2,482
596
8
80
176
331
8,427
248
8,679
255
46
100
103
44
95
115
11,511
2,275
563
86
431
1,195
11,539
2,401
495
94
427
1,385
1,776
624
194
33
118
279
1,843
616
217
35
102
263
17,717
2,691
71
851
845
924
17,067
2,940
90
873
880
1,096
14,804
250
14,935 33,433 32,762
4,753
267
4,532
11
784
756
88
841
833
89
1,110
1,105
79
2,046
1,810
3,966
1,068
249
129
305
386
3,802
1,288
333
183
370
402
Total
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Males
62
71
117
62
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population and the white, black,
and Spanish origin components by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Spanish origin2
Black 1
White
Employment status
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
153,576
156,094
135,303
137,333
15,909
94,390
61.5
87,440
3,489
83,951
6,950
7.4
59,186
97,051
62.2
90,327
3,480
86,848
6,724
6.9
59,042
83,552
61.8
78,004
3,217
74,787
5,548
6.6
51,751
85,878
62.5
80,580
3,221
77,359
5,298
6.2
51,455
9,364
58.9
8,085
224
7,861
1,279
13.7
6,545
64,400
65,635
57,348
58,385
51,396
79.8
48,4992,478
46,021
2,897
5.6
13,004
52,285
79.7
49,636
2,406
47,230
2,649
5.1
13,350
46,046
80.3
43,691
2,270
41,422
2,355
5.1
11,302
46,786
80.1
44,648
2,220
42,428
2,138
4.6
11,599
72,754
73,984
64,006
33,887
46.6
31,578
535
31,044
2,308
6.8
38,868
35,386
47.8
33,045
614
32,431
2,342
6.6
38,597
16,422
9,107
55.5
II
1976
II
1977
16,264
6,696
7,042
9,653
59.4
8,370
218
8,152
1,283
13.3
6,611
4,040
60.3
3,590
197
3,393
450
11.1
2,656
4,308
61.2
3,881
232
3,654
422
9.8
2,734
6,073
6,233
2,689
2,866
4,575
75.3
4,084
173
3,911
491
10.7
1,499
4,698
75.4
4,248
157
4,091
450
9.6
1,535
2,247
83.6
2,057
143
1,914
190
8.5
441
2,410
84.1
2,227
152
2,075
184
7.6
455
64,965
7,575
7,810
3,139
3,233
29,327
45.8
27,494
494
27,000
1,832
6.2
34,679
30,631
47.2
28,831
569
28,263
1,799
5.9
34,334
3,969
52.4
3,539
34
3,505
430
10.8
3,606
4,148
53.1
3,664
36
3,627
485
11.7
3,662
1,393
44.4
1,233
32
1,201
160
11.5
1,746
1,450
44.8
1,312
52
1,259
138
9.5
1,783
16,475
13,950
13,983
2,261
2,221
868
943
9,380
56.9
8,180
58.6
8,461
60.5
820
36.3
807
36.3
400
46.1
447
47.4
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
348
300
459
462
7,100
6,819
7,646
7,363
28
432
454
22
25
18
459
476
Percent of population
320
279
434
444
6,668
7,187
6,365
6,886
Employment
100
99
348
358
1,361
1,734
1,361
1,744
Agriculture
24.9
22.3
43.1
16.1
18.5
43.7
16.6
19.2
Nonagricultural industries
469
5,521
496
1,441
1,415
5,770
7,095
7,315
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black
means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the
and other" population group.
1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
2
Data on persons of Spanish origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which
63
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally
adjusted
Employment status
1977
1976
1975
II
1976
II
1977
6,668
6,301
5,820
481
7.6
6,848
6,494
6,006
488
7.5
6,423 6,488
6,030 6,106
5,457 5,522
585
573
9.6
9.5
6,584
6,186
5,575
610
9.9
6,640
6,223
5,746
478
7.7
6,668
6,312
5,832
480
7.6
6,710
6,335
5,808
527
8.3
6,797
6,427
5,880
547
8.5
6,853
6,495
6,033
462
7.1
6,848
6,503
6,017
486
7.5
1,088
946
792
154
16.3
1,069
933
793
140
15.0
1,187 1,146
1,042 1,003
812
822
191
220
19.0
21.1
1,128
967
756
211
21.8
1,101
926
765
161
17.4
1,088
951
793
158
16.6
1,071
931
758
173
18.6
1,083
957
789
168
17.5
1,084
963
804
159
16.5
1,069
938
794
144
15.4
3,328
3,158
2,934
224
7.1
3,039
2,896
2,673
223
7.7
3,486 3,471
3,285 3,286
3,041 3,009,
277
245
8.4
7.4
3,463
3,292
3,002
290
8.8
3,421
3,240
3,015
225
6.9
3,328
3,160
2,940
220
7.0
3,250
3,063
2,840
223
7.3
3,186
3,017
2,763
254
8.4
3,109
2,941
2,732
209
7.1
3,039
2,896
2,678
218
7.5
2,252
2,197
2,094
103
4.7
2,740
2,665
2,540
125
4.7
1,750 1,871
1,703 1,817
1,594 1,701
109
116
6.4
6.4
1,993
1,927
1,818
109
5.7
2,118
2,057
1,965
2,252
2,201
2,099
103
4.7
2,389
2,341
2,210
131
5.6
2,528
2,453
2,328
125
5.1
2,660
2,590
2,497
94
3.6
2,740
2,669
2,545
124
4.6
16,640
15,026
13,814
1,212
8.1
17,445
15,746
14,612
1,134
7.2
15,767 16,006
14,190 14,395
12,748 12,911
1,442 1,484
10.3
10.
16,200
14,520
13,110
1,410
9.7
16,419
14,747
13,499
1,248
8.5
16,640
15,000
13,811
1,189
7.9
16,849
15,180
13,884
1,296
8.5
16,999
15,474
14,066
1,408
9.1
17,191
15,617
14,336
1,281
8.2
17,445
.6,054
.4,939
1,115
6.9
7,885
6,733
5,983
750
11.1
8,106
6,904
6,209
695
10.1
7,526 7,639
6,343 6,433
5,470 5,518
915
873
14.2
13.8
7,723
6,465
5,613
852
13.2
7,819
6,621
5,856
765
11.6
7,885
6,693
5,975
718
10.7
7,951
6,716
5,985
731
10.9
7,982
6,881
6,045
835
12.1
8,037
6,931
6,179
752
10.8
8,106
6,863
6,196
667
9.7
4,972
4,669
4,385
284
6.1
5,301
4,982
4,701
281
5.6
4,368 4,493
4,133 4,243
3,785 3,882
348
361
8.
8.5
4,626
4,355
4,030
326
7.5
4,775
4,487
4,191
296
6.6
4,972
4,678
4,385
293
6.3
5,120
4,843
4,465
378
7.8
5,173
4,88:
4,51:
370
7.6
5,240
4,943
4,580
363
7.3
5,301
4,991
4,701
290
3,783
3,624
3,446
178
4.9
4,038
3,860
3,702
158
4.1
3,874
3,87
3,715 3,720
3,493 3,512
208
222
5.6
6.0
3,851
3,700
3,468
232
6.3
3,825
3,638
3,452
187
5.1
3,783
3,630
3,452
178
4.9
3,778
3,621
3,434
187
5.
3,844
3,711
3,50
202
5.4
3,914
3,743
3,577
165
4.4
4,038
3,866
3,709
157
4.1
II
III
III
IV
IV
II
VETERANS 1
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 . ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
92
4.5
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 3
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5.8
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
64
Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years by age and race
[Numbers in thousands]
Nonveterans
Veterans •
Employment status
1Slack and other
White
II
IHack and other
White
II
1976
1977
1977
1976
1977
681
606
511
95
7C6
630
531
99
688
617
520
97
14,482
13,184
12,212
14,960
13,522
12,332
1,190
1976
1977
1977
5,987
5,695
5,309
6,147
5,864
5,379
6,160
5,877
5,486
386
6.8
485
8.3
391
6.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
925
816
698
118
921
834
669
165
887
786
690
96
163
130
94
36
163
133
99
34
182
147
103
44
6,895
5,941
5,338
14.5
19.8
12.2
27.7
25.6
3,013
2,875
2,683
2,812
2,683
2,467
2,757
2,638
2,450
192
6.7
216
8.1
188
7.1
315
283
251
32
2,049
2,004
1,928
2,414
2,347
2,243
2,516
2,453
2,346
76
3.8
104
4.4
107
4.4
1976
II
1977
1977
2,231
1,874
1,574
2,282
1,926
1,671
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
15,163
13,820
12,941
2,158
1,842
1,602
879
6.4
240
300
255
8.8
13.0
16.0
13.2
7,023
5,938
5,269
1,006
603
791
613
178
111
619
152
29.9
10.1
11.3
543
8.9
990
792
645
147
1,014
669
7,100
6,133
5,590
18.6
22.5
19.7
297
266
221
45
282
258
223
35
4,335
4,104
2,877
4,560
4,324
3,972
4,600
4,352
4,132
16.9
13.6
352
8.1
220
5.1
680
599
514
85
11.3
227
5.5
637
565
508
57
10.1
14.2
701
630
569
61
9.7
203
193
166
27
246
231
211
20
8.7
224
212
194
18
8.5
3,252
3,139
2,997
3,377
3,260
3,091
3,463
3,335
3,219
142
169
5.2
116
3.5
531
485
449
36
7.4
537
484
447
37
7.6
575
525
483
42
8.0
972
7.4
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 t o 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
14.0
4.5
See footnote 1, table A-60.
65
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Employment status
Total
Farm
Central cities
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
104,876 106,097 45,143
65,582 66,837 27,252
60.4
63.0
62.5
60,505 62,069 24,810
4,768 2,442
5,077
9.0
7.1
7.7
39,294 39,261 17,891
45,206
27,338
60.5
25,040
2,297
8.4
17,868
59,733
38,330
64.2
35,695
2,635
6.9
21,403
60,891
39,499
64.9
37,029
2,471
6.3
21,393
48,701
28,808
59.2
26,935
1,873
6.5
19,892
49,996
30,215
60.4
28,258
1,956
6-5
19,782
4,863
3,069
63.1
3,006
63
2.1
1,795
4,756
2,976
62.6
2,912
65
2.2
1,780
43,838
25,739
58.7
23,929
1,810
7.0
18,097
45,240
27,239
60.2
25,346
1,891
6.9
18,002
43,846
35,488
80.9
33,314
2,174
6.1
8,358
44,501 18,521
35,960 14,415
80.8
77.8
34,039 13,294
1,921 1,121
7.8
5.3
8,541 4,106
18,609
14,445
77.6
13,454
991
6.9
4,165
25,325
21,073
83.2
20,020
1,053
5.0
4,252
25,892
21,515
83.1
20,585
930
4.3
4,376
20,555
15,909
77.4
15,185
723
4.5
4,646
21,134
16,325
77.2
15,597
728
4.5
4,809
2,196
1,872
85.2
1,854
18
.9
324
2,171
1,798
82.8
1,783
15
.8
373
18,359
14,037
76.5
13,331
705
5.0
4,322
18,963
14,527
76.6
13,814
713
4.9
4,436
49,859
23,867
47.9
22,234
1,633
6.8
25,992
50,553 22,148
24,606 10,556
47.7
48.7
22,953 9,788
767
1,653
7.3
6.7
25,947 11,592
22,146
10,625
48.0
9,862
763
7.2
11,521
27,711
13,311
48.0
12,446
866
6.5
14,399
28,407
13,981
49.2
13,391
890
6.4
14,426
22,895
10,019
43.8
9,345
675
6.7
12,876
23,431
10,780
46.0
10,091
688
6.4
12,651
2,075
850
41.0
828
21
2.5
1,225
2,037
839
41.2
808
32
3.8
1,198
20,820
9,169
44.0
8,517
654
7.1
11,651
21,394
9,941
46.5
9,283
656
6.6
11,453
11,171
6,226
55.7
4,957
1,269
20.4
4,944
11,043
6,270
56.8
5,076
1,194
19.0
4,773
4,474
2,282
51.0
1,729
552
24.2
2,192
4,451
2,268
51.0
1,724
544
24.0
2,184
6,697
3,944
58.9
3,228
717
18.2
2,752
6,592
4,002
60.7
3,352
650
16.2
2,589
5,251
2,880
54.9
2,405
475
16.5
2,371
5,432
3,110
57.3
2,570
540
17.4
2,321
593
347
58.5
323
24
6.9
246
548
339
61.9
321
18
5.3
209
4,658
2,533
54.4
2,082
451
17.8
2,125
4,884
2,771
56.7
2,249
522
18.8
2,112
90,830
57,107
62.9
53,136
3,971
7.0
33,723
91,760
58,220
63.4
54,580
3,640
6.3
33,540
34,820
21,214
60.9
19,591
1,623
7.7
13,606
34,769
21,258
61.1
19,806
1,452
6.8
13,510
56,010
35,893
64.1
33,545
2,348
6.5
20,117
56,991
36,962
64.9
34,774
2,188
5.9
20,030
44,473
26,445
59.5
24,868
1,576
6.0
18,028
45,572
27,658
60.7
26,000
1,658
6.0
17,914
4,565
2,908
63.7
2,850
57
2.0
1,657
4,469
2,821
63.1
2,764
57
2.0
1,648
39,908
23,537
59.0
22,018
1,519
6.5
16,371
41,103
24,837
60.4
23,236
1,601
6.4
16,266
14,045
8,475
60.3
7,370
1,105
13.0
5,571
14,337 10,323
8,617 6,039
58.5
60.1
7,489 5,220
1,127
818
13.1
13.5
5,721 4,284
10,437
6,079
58.2
5,233
845
13.9
4,358
3,722
2,436
65.4
2,150
287
11.8
1,287
3,900
2,538
65.1
2,256
282
11.1
1,363
4,228
2,363
55.9
2,067
297
12.5
1,864
4,424
2,557
57.8
2,258
298
11.7
1,867
299
161
53.9
155
6
3.5
138
287
156
54.3
148
8
5.0
131
3,929
2,202
56.0
1,912
291
13.2
1,726
4,137
2,401
58.0
2,110
290
12.1
1,736
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
Total
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Fcrowiw, 20 ymrt Mrtl w t r
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
66
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-63. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)
Employment status
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Total United States
Poverty
Nonpoverty
Poverty
Nonpoverty
Poverty
areas
areas
areas
areas
areas
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
Nonpoverty
areas
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
Total
Civilian noninstitutional
29,107
population
Civilian labor force
15,774
54.2
Percent of population . . .
Employed
14,316
Unemployed
1,457
Unemployment rate
9.2
Not in labor force
13,333
28,937
15,923
55.0
14,506
1,417
8.9
13,014
124,469
78,616
63.2
73,124
5,492
7.0
45,853
127,156
81,128
63.8
75,821
5,307
6.5
46,028
11,755
6,132
52.2
5,302
830
13.5
5,623
11,480
6,019
52.4
5,251
768
12.8
5,461
93,120
59,449
63.8
55,203
4,247
7.1
33,671
94,617
60,818
64.3
56,818
4,000
6.6
33,800
17,352
9,641
55.6
9,014
627
6.5
7,710
17,457
9,904
56.7
9,255
649
6.6
7,553
31,349
19,167
61.1
17,921
1,246
6.5
12,182
32,539
20,310
62.4
19,004
1,307
6.4
12,229
20,528
11,368
55.4
10,593
775
6.8
9,160
20,442
11,519
56.3
10,754
765
6.6
8,923
114,775
72,184
62.9
67,411
4,773
6.6
42,591
116,891
74,359
63.6
69,826
4,533
6.1
42,531
6,112
3,268
53.5
2,932
336
10.3
2,844
5,987
3,255
54.4
2,945
310
9.5
2,731
84,718
53,839
63.6
50,203
3,636
6.8
30,879
85,773
54,965
64.1
51,634
3,330
6.1
30,809
14,416
8,100
56.2
7,660
440
5.4
6,316
14,455
8,263
57.2
7,808
455
5.5
6,192
30,057
18,345
61.0
17,208
1,137
6.2
11,712
31,117
19,395
62.3
18,192
1,203
6.2
11,723
8,579
4,406
51.4
3,724
682
15.5
4,173
8,495
4,404
51.8
3,752
652
14.8
4,091
9,694
6,432
66.4
5,713
720
11.2
3,262
10,266
6,769
65.9
5,995
773
11.4
3,497
5,643
2,864
50.8
2,370
494
17.2
2,779
5,493
2,764
50.3
2,306
458
16.6
2,729
8,402
5,610
66.8
4,999
611
10.9
2,792
8,844
5,853
66.2
5,183
670
11.4
2,991
2,935
1,541
52.5
1,354
188
12.2
1,394
3,002
1,641
54.7
1,446
194
11.8
1,361
1,292
822
63.6
713
109
13.2
470
1,422
916
64.4
812
104
11.3
506
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
A-64. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Sex, age, and race
Metropolitan areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
Poverty
Nonpoverty
Poverty
Nonpoverty
Poverty
areas
areas
areas
areas
areas
Nonpoverty
areas
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
II
1976
II
1977
9.2
7.1
8.1
25.5
8.9
6.7
8.3
24.1
7.0
5.4
6.6
17.9
6.5
4.8
6.3
17.4
13.5
11.7
10.2
36.3
12.8
10.8
10.5
34.2
7.1
5.6
6.5
18.7
6.6
4.8
6.3
17.6
6.5
4.3
6.6
18.7
6.6
4.3
6.9
18.4
6.5
4.7
6.8
15.4
6.4
4.6
6.1
16.9
6.8
5.5
6.3
16.5
6.6
5.2
6.1
17.5
6.6
5.1
6.2
16.7
6.1
4.5
5.8
15.9
10.3
9.4
8.6
22.2
9.5
9.0
7.7
20.1
6.8
5.3
6.2
17.4
6.1
4.5
5.8
15.7
5.4
3.9
5.4
14.3
5.5
3.7
5.4
16.6
6.2
4.5
6.5
14.7
6.2
4.4
5.9
16.3
15.5
11.9
11.8
46.9
14.8
11.1
13.2
41.7
11.2
9.0
9.5
36.0
11.4
8.1
10.3
39.6
17.2
14.8
11.8
50.2
16.6
13.1
13.2
10.9
8.9
9.0
36.7
11.4
8.1
10.2
41.4
12.2
6.7
12.0
40.4
11.8
7.8
13.2
27.9
13.2
9.4
13.1
32.6
11.3
8.0
10.7
30.7
Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
49.9
6V
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date
[In thousands]
Serv ice-prod uci ng
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
Mining
Contract
construction
1,021
1919
1920
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930.;...
27, 088
27, 350
28,778
29,819
29,976
30, 000
31,339
29,424
12,813
12,745
12,474
12,896
12,723
12, 603
13,286
11,943
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976,
June
July
Aug . . .
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
26,649
23,628
23,711
25,953
27,053
29,082
31,026
29,209
30,618
32,376
36,554
40, 125
42,452
41,883
40, 394
41,674
43,881
44,891
43,778
45.222
873
10,257
731
8,632
744
8,950
883
10,246
897
10,878
946
11,918
12,921 1,015
891
11,386
854
12,282
925
13,204
1,214
15,939
18,442
20, 094
19,314
17,492
17,226
18,482
18,745
17,536
18,475
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
901
1,790
I, 170
L, 567
1,094
1,132
1,661
L, 982
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
712
77,051
79, 443
80,142
79, 242
. 79,555
80,277
80,572
80,943
81,099
19,925
20, 164
21, 038
19,717
20,476
21, 064
20,925
19,474
20,367
20, 393
19,814
20,405
20, 593
20,958
21,880
23, 116
23,268
23, 693
24,311
23, 507
22,820
23, 546
24,727
24,697
22,603
23, 332
23, 662
23,446
23,806
24,027
23,804
23,781
23,480
79,473
79,734
80,547
Mar
Apr. . . . . 81,332
May P. .. 82,029
June*.., 82, 868
23,005
23,063
23,461
23,846
24,171
24,660
47,849
48,825
50,232
49,022
50,675
52, 408
52,894
51,363
53, 313
54, 234
54, 042
55, 596
56,702
58,331
60,815
63,955
65,857
67,951
70,442
70, 920
71,222
73, 714
76,896
78,413
1 Q ( 7 71:
17
Jan
Feb
p = preliminary.
1, 133
1,239
1,089
1, 185
1, 114
1,050
1,087
1,009
Manufacturing
10,659
10,658
9,939
1,446
1, 555 10, 156
1,608 10,001
9,947
1,606
1, 497 10,702
9,562
1,372
848
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance,
Wholesale
trade
insurance.
and real
estate
Total
3,711
3,998
3,826
3,942
3,895
3,828
3,916
3,685
4, 514
4,467
5, 576
5,784
5,908
5,874
6, 123
5,797
16,392 3,254
14,275
14,605
16,304
16,923
17,253
17,397
18,053
17,481
Rstail
netan
trade
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
],475
2,676
2,603
2,800
2,846
2,915
2,995
3, 065
3, 148
3, 183
2,931
2,873
3, 058
3, 142
3,326
3, 518
3,473
3,517
3,681
996
2,704
2,666
2,601
2,647
2,728
2,842
2,923
3, 054
3,090
3,206
3,921
4, 084
4, 148
4, 163
4, 241
4,719
5, 050
5,206
5, 264
5,382
4,660
5,483
6, 080
6,043
5, 944
5,595
5,474
5,650
5,856
6,026
1, 340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
1,928
3, 320
3, 270
3, 174
3, 116
3, 137
3,341
3, 582
3,787
3,948
4,098
5, 576
5,730
5, 867
6, 002
6, 274
6, 536
6,749
6,806
7, 130
2,669 7,423
6,389
6,609
6,645
6,751
6,914
7, 277
7,616
7,839
8, 083
8,353
2,302
2,420
2, 305
2, 188
2, 187
2,209
2,217
2, 191
2,233
2,270
4,087
4, 188
4,340
4, 563
4,727
5,069
5,399
5,648
5,850
6,083
7,664
8, 028
8,325
8,709
9, 087
3, 100 9, 551
3,225 10, 099
3,381 10, 622
3, 562 11,228
3,687 11,621
3, 802 11, 903
3, 943 12,392
4,091 13,021
4, 208 13,617
4,223 14, 006
4,316 14, 644
4,344 14,815
4,368 14,825
4,368 14,869
4,347 14,813
4,355 14,849
4,368 14,858
4,385 14,861
8,594
8,890
9,225
9, 596
10, 074
10, 792
11,398
11, 845
12,202
12,561
12, 887
13,340
13,739
14, 177
14, 720
14, 948
15,033
14,340
14,230
14,660
15,104
15,268
15,261
2,279
2, 340
2,358
2, 348
2, 378
2, 564
2,719
2, 737
2,758
2,731
2,696
2, 684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2, 758
2,775
2, 754
2, 717
2, 711
2,720
2,725
6, 315
6, 550
6,868
7,248
8,679
9, 109
9,444
9,830
10, 192
10,656
11,075
11,453
11,973
12,215
12,275
11,565
11,476
11,943
12,393
12,548
12, 536
14,740
14,887
15,028
15,182
15,296
15,495
15,059
15, 246
15,315
15,290
15,342
15,219
2, 697
2, 705
2, 714
2,716
2,728
2, 759
12,362
12,541
12,601
12,574
12,614
12,460
1,684
1,754
4,742
4,996
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15, 545
15,582
14,441
15,241
20,614
21,683
22,359
22,569
22,902
24,448
25,399
26,146
26,242
26,747
3,274
3,460
3, 647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4, 166
4, 189
4,001
4,034
7,210
7, 118
6,982
7,058
7,314
8,376
8,955
9,272
9,264
9,386
1,873 5, 338
1,821 5,297
1,741 5,241
1,762 5,296
1,862 5,452
2, 190 6, 186
2,361 6, 595
2,489 6,783
2,487 6,778
2,518 6,868
1,549
1, 538
1,502
1,476
1,497
1,697
1,754
1,829
1,857
1,919
27,924
28,660
29,195
29,306
30, 199
31,344
31,969
31,890
32,945
33,840
4,226
4,248
4,290
4, 084
4, 141
4, 244
4,241
3,976
4,011
4, 004
9,742
10, 004
10,247
10,235
10,535
10,858
10,886
10,750
11, 127
11,391
2,606
2, 687
2,727
2,739
2,796
2,884
2,893
2,848
2,946
3,004
7, 136
7, 317
7, 520
7,496
7,740
7, 974
7,992
7,902
8, 182
8,388
1,991
2,069
2, 146
2,234
2,335
2,429
2,477
2, 519
2,594
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
623
609
625
644
694
745
783
795
804
766
804
804
807
805
2,603 16,393
2,634 16,632
2,623 17,549
2,612 16,314
2,802 16,882
2,999 17,243
2,923 17, 174
2,778 15,945
2,960 16,675
2,885 16,796
2,816 16,326
2,902 16,853
2,963 16,995
3,050 17,274
3, 186 18,062
3,275 19,214
3,208 19,447
3, 306 19,781
3, 525 20, 167
3, 536 19,349
3, 639 18,572
3,831 19,090
4, 015 20, 068
3,957 20, 046
3, 512 18,347
3, 594 18, 956
3, 750 19, 117
3, 281 18,821
3, 869 19,171
3, 815 19,408
3, 815 19,185
3, 742 19,232
3,547 19,128
34,229
35, 190
36, 108
37, 373
38,936
40,839
42,589
44,258
46, 130
47, 412
48,401
50, 167
52,169
53,715
54, 448
56, 111
56,480
55,796
55, 749
56,250
56,768
57,162
57, 619
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4, 151
4,261
4,311
4,435
4, 504
4,457
4, 517
4, 644
4,696
4,498
4, 509
4, 531
4, 540
4,528
4,560
4,538
4,546
4,553
11,337 2,993
11,566 3, 056
11,778 3, 104
12,160 3, 189
12,716 3, 312
13,245 3,437
13,606 3, 525
14,099 3,611
14,704 3,733
15,040 3,816
15, 352 3,823
15,975 3,943
16,674 4, 107
17,017 4,223
17, 000 4, 177
17, 694 4,263
17,757 4,280
17,723 4, 297
17,754 4, 302
17,870 4, 300
17,922 4, 322
18,122 4,321
18,559 4, 326
8, 344
8, 511
8, 675
8,971
9,404
9,808
10, 081
10,488
10.971
11,225
11,529
12,032
12,568
12,794
12,824
13,431
13,477
13,426
13,452
13,570
13,600
13,801
14,233
806
807
827
838
843
874
3, 198
3,251
3,451
3,681
3,859
4,069
56,468
56, 671
57, 086
57,486
57,858
58,208
4,499
4,494
4, 522
4,538
4,576
4,624
17,791
17,653
17,799
18,026
18,167
18,332
4,297
4, 291
4,310
4,332
4, 351
4,407
13,494
13,362
13,489
13,694
-13,816
13,925
2, 169
2, 165
2,333
19,001
19,005
19,183
19,327
19,469
19,717
_
_
_
560
559
565
652
753
826
833
829
905
1,407
1,341
1,295
1,319
1,335
1,388
1,432
1,425
1,462
1, 502
_
_
—
_
3,264
3,225
3,166
3,299
3,481
3,668
3,756
3,883
3,995
4,202
5,284
4,683
4,755
5,281
5,431
5,809
6,265
6, 179
6,426
6,750
L, 145
L, 112
L, 055
L, 150
1,294
_
_
_
_
_
State
and
local
2, 532
2,622
2,816
2,672
2,750
2,786
2,973
3, 134
2,863
2,936
3, 038
-
Federal
533
526
14,996
14,761
15,707
16,175
17, 164
18, 105
17,823
18,336
19,173
_
Total
2,263
2, 362
2,869
3, 046
3, 168
3,265
3,440
3,376
1, 111
1, 175
1,233
1, 305
1, 367
1,435
1, 509
8, 170
6,931
7,397
8, 501
9,069
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278
10,985
970
809
862
912
Government
Services
2, 731
2,800
2,877
2,957
3,023
4,379
4,391
4,422
4,450
4,477
4,538
7,696
8, 227
N O T E : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers 1
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
TOTAL . . .
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
May
1976
June
1976
79,424
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
19771
June
1977p
67,649
52,887
53,637
54,222
54,795
55,597
874
587
604
632
634
661
96.7
26.1
36.6
70.4
20.8
26.4
72.7
21.4
26.8
74.8
20.5
28.1
74.7
21.0
28. 1
233.3
229.3
390.2
170.1
220.1
230.5
226.5
184.5
181.1
239.5
82.4
157.1
188.3
184.9
248.0
86.2
161.8
192.4
189.0
271.4
84.5
186.9
189.0
185.4
2 74. 1
85.4
188.7
92.8
33.7
95.2
34.7
93.0
33.7
96.5
35.7
2,851
2,989
2,912
3,075
829.3
876.1
861.0
911.0
608.6
277.3
331.3
658.7
302.2
356.5
586.9
254.0
332.9
653.7
299.7
354.0
Apr.
1977
May ,
1977
June
1977 1
80,142
81,332
82,029
82,868
64,277
65,109
66,042
66,687
775
7 95
838
843
91.4
25.7
34.8
94.0
26.3
35.2
96.9
25.5
36.5
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
11.12
12
COALMINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
215.4
211.5
13
131,2
138
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields
Oil and gas field services
350.7
162.6
188.1
219.6
215.7
361.2
168.1
193.1
14
142
144
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
117.0
41.1
35.6
119.8
42.1
37.0
117.6
40.8
36.3
121.4
42.8
37.9
3,598
3,750
3,681
3,859
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
15
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS . . .
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, nee
17
171
172
173
174
176
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Roofing and sheet metal work
MANUFACTURING
394.6
171.9
222.7
4,069
1,064.7 1,117.3 1,101.9 1,152.6
738.9
324.2
414.7
793.0
349.6
443.4
728.0
309.2
418.8
802.9
356.7
446.2
1,794.6 1,840.1 1,850.9 1,903.7
444.7
428.2
420.7
436.5
144.3
136.6
128.7
138.1
324.4
325.9
323.9
319.4
222.8
198.2
192.7
214.8
136.8
126.8
132.0
125.7
1,413.1 1,454.0 1,463.7 1,510.3
328.2
335.1
316.6
322.0
114.6
120.1
109.8
116.9
248.4
252.
252.2
255.6
186.7
194.8
165.6
172.0
105.7
110.1
100.2
101.6
18,872
19,117
19,327
19,469
19,717
11,034
11,162
11,348
11,446
11,591
7,838
7,955
7,979
8,023
8,126
19
192
1925
1929
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
Ammunition, except for small arms
Complete guided missiles
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
157.9
102.3
85.0
17.3
157.5
101.6
84.2
17.4
155.5
99.9
82.0
17.9
156.0
100.0
81.9
18.1
154.6
98.1
24
241
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
2441,2
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors .
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .
Millwork, plywood and related products
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products
600.1
72.8
206.9
175.8
201.7
90.5
73.4
22.8
18.3
95.9
622.8
78.1
214.5
182.5
209.0
94.1
75.0
23.1
18.6
98.1
626.1
69.3
214.2
182
218
99
76
21
17.4
102.6
637.8
72.4
216.5
183.9
223.2
100.6
76.8
21.8
17.6
103o9
661.0
77.7
221.9
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
3,263
13,774
13,893
7,890
7,994
8, 118
8,211
8,334
5,681
5,780
5,775
5,812
5,900
71.3
35.7
23.4
12.3
71.1
35.3
22.8
12.5
70.8
35.5
22.5
13.0
71.2
35.8
22.6
13.2
71.2
35.1
502.5
523.7
532.0
543.2
566.6
183.1
155.4
167.3
74.3
65.3
20.0
16.1
77.1
190.2
161.7
173.6
77.6
66.8
20.5
16.4
79.1
190.7
162.1
181.8
81.1
68.3
19.1
15.4
84.4
192.8
163.8
186.
82.
68.6
19.3
15.
85.8
198.6
13,571
14,023
14,234
DURABLE GOODS
See footnotes at end of table.
70
233.1
22.5
105.8
195.7
20.0
87.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977p
June
May
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977 p
June
1977P
355.6
181. 8
102.3
33.6
37.4
52.0
45.9
493. 8
355. 5
182. 3
103. 9
33. 7
38. 0
53.6
46.7
501. 0
363.6
184. 1
105.3
32. 7
41.0
52. 8
43.6
503. 8
365. 7
186. 8
105.2
33.0
41. 5
53. 1
43.5
512. 1
3 70.3
403,5
301.4
159.5
84.7
25. 7
29.5
38. 7
33.9
405. 7
300. 8
159.5
86.3
25. 8
30.0
40.3
34.6
411. 7
307.6
160.9
86.7
25.2
33.3
422. 1
313.5
31. 5
414.6
309.6
163.5
86. 7
25.5
33.9
39.3
31.8
62 8.0
16.5
132.0
77.2
54. 8
29.9
47. 8
21.3.
44. 1
190.3
131. 8
24. 1
640. 8
16. 8
134. 9
79.2
55. 7
30. 7
49.3
22. 1
43. 7
194.9
134.2
24.5
643.6
15. 8
136.6
78. 8
57.8
29. 5
49.6
22.2
40.3
195.6
136.7
23. 8
653.5
16.2
136. 5
78.5
58.0
29.6
50. 8
23.0
40. 3
202.2
138.2
23.9
668.3
500.6
13.2
114.2
68. 1
46. 1
23. 7
38.6
17. 8
37.3
147.4
99.3
17. 1
512. 1
13.6
116.6
69.7
46.9
24.4
39.8
18.5
37. 1
151. 8
101.2
17. 5
512.2
12. 7
118.6
70. 1
48.5
23.3
39. 7
18.4
33.6
152.0
103.5
16.7
521.7
13.0
119.2
70.6
48.6
23.3
40.9
19. 1
33.7
157.4
105.0
17. 1
535.2
939. 0
428.9
373.5
956.9
438. 5
943.5
955. 1
435. 7
3 80.0
180. 1
118.2
16.7
45.2
63. 8
27. 7
149.3
28.5
46.5
60. 1
68.4
969.3
(*)
May
1976
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
253,9
32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326
327
328,9
3291
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391
34
341
342
3421.3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446,9
345
3451
3452
346
347
348
349
3494,8
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS . . .
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, ana* plaster products . . . .
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawmg
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating . .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products
Iron and steel forgings
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, including saws . .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metafdoors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . . . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural and miscellaneous metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products . . . .
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products . . .
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings
,490.9
1,194. 5 1,215. 1 1,205.
547. 1
557.9 549.
474.6
483.9 477.
217.
216. 1
221. 8
141.
137.3
142.2
21. 1
20.7
19.
57, 7
58. 9
56.
84.4
85.2
85.
33.0
32.5
34.
195.6
197.4
199.
35.8
36.3
36.
60.5
61. 7
63.
79.6
79.4
79.
80. 1
78.5
81.
45. 1
44. 1
45.
34.4
35.0
35.
72. 8
72. 7
72.
47.5
47.3
46.
,385. 1 1,400.
63. 6
64.
166. 1
168.
70.2
70.
95.9
97.
69. 1
69.
32.0
32.
3 7. 1
37.
444. 6
450.
96.4
97.
49.6
72.
137. 6
137.
84.7
86.
55.4
56.
97.5
99.
45.0
45.
52.5
53.
230.
229. 6
90. 7
91.
59.5
60.
164.4
166.
108. 8
109.
1,423.4
60. 6
173.3
70.0
103.3
73. 8
33.3
40. 5
454. 9
94. 1
74. 5
136.6
91. 5
58.2
104.2
50.3
53.9
232.2
94. 1
60.4
169.9
111.4
44.4
138.0
30.4
52.2
209.5
140.4
1,218.4 1,233. 8
557. 1
(*)
483. 9
220.2
142. 3
20. 5
57.4
84.5
34.4
201.4
37. 1
64.4
79.7
82.4
46.0
36.4
72. 8
46. 1
224.3
85. 8
202. 1
83.7
74.2
177.9
115. 1
17.2
45.6
64.4
26.2
145.4
27.3
44.0
59.8
64.8
37. 1
27.7
57.6
37. 8
381. 8
182. 7
119.3
16.6
46. 8
65.2
26.6
146.9
27.9
44.9
59.7
66. 1
37.9
28.2
57.5
37. 7
39.3
429. 1
373. 9
177. 6
117. 7
15.3
44. 6
64.3
27.4
147.7
28.2
45.6
59.9
67.6
38.5
29. 1
57.2
36. 7
38.9
29.5
57. 8
36. 8
1,439.6 1,460.0 1,045.4 1,058. 0 1,076.5 1,091.4
62.5
55. 0
51.6
56.2
61. 8
52.6
176.7
128. 8
135. 1
130. 1
174. 5
136.3
53.6
53.9
54.0
70. 5
54.5
75.2
81.2
76. 1
104. 0
81. 8
50. 7
55. 1
51.5
74.4
55.3
75.0
24.3
25. 8
24.5
33. 8
26. 1
26.4
29.3
27.0
40.6
29.2
316.6
313.2
461.4
322.6
470.2 307.6
67.5
66. 1
68. 7
94. 1
66. 1
37.3
55. 5
54. 1
77.3
58.0
89.3
88.3
89.0
137. 3
89.2
60. 8
66.9
62.6
92.9
67.9
37.9
38.8
39. 8
59. 8
41.4
105.6
75.4
76.7
82.2
104. 7
82.3
36. 8
37.5
41.3
50.4
41.4
38.6
39.2
40. 9
54.3
40. 9
187.2
187.4
189.2
238.9
236. 1
193.0
74.3
96.5
74. 7
95.4
78.2
76.9
60.3
47.3
47. 8
59.9
46.5
46.8
174.3
120.4
119. 1
171.4
124. 6
123.0
75.3
74. 8
112. 8
77. 7
76.5
32.6
120.9
24. 1
42.4
163. 6
106. 7
184. 0
64.9
150. 8
69.3
58.9
,108.5
53.4
138.0
55.5
330. 0
83.2
195.4
79.2
46. 6
127.2
See footnotes at end of table.
71
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
June
1976
Apr.
1J77
jffip
June DP
1977
May
1976
June
1976
May
197'
19771
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
35
351
3511
3519
352
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
3537
354
3541
3544
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3564
3566
357
3573
358
3585
36
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674,9
369
3694
37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3722
3723,9
373
3731
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery . . . .
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails . . . .
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery .
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines
Refrigeration machinery
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical..
2,063.7 2,081.8 2, 152.1 2, 162.6 2, 186.2 1,336.6 1,345.5
72.7
111.8
72.9
114.6
112.7
112.4
(*)
42.4
22.9
22.9
42.5
43.3
42.9
49.8
50.0
69.4
72.1
69.4
69.5
105.3
106. 1
147.8
147.6
149.2
149.8
217.8
344.8
340.3
349.6
338.6
216.9
336.5
116.7
179.3
176.5
181.5
180.6
116.5
48.1
70.6
70.1
69.0
68.4
47.7
49.5
28.6
49.2
47.0
46.1
28.1
33.4
18.2
32.8
29.2
28.9
18.4
223.7
325.1
305.8
326.9
307.9
222.7
(*)
38.3
61.7
61.6
58.7
59.3
38. 1
97.2
132.7
131.7
120.7
121.1
96.9
57.4
37.6
56.6
53.6
53.4
38.2
50.6
75.1
72.8
75.2
74.1
49.5
112.
1
176.3
176.9
178.9
176.1
175.9
112.1
26.6
41.6
41.5
41.0
40.9
26.6
22.3
30.2
30.1
31.3
22.3
31.4
14.4
26.2
26.2
25.0
15.1
24.4
186.3
295.8
295.1
283.5
185.9
299.1
285.9
48.4
84.7
84.1
81.2
48.9
81.4
40.5
57.0
41.0
56.9
53.9
53.6
21.9
34.4
34.8
21.4
33.8
34.4
34.1
47.7
47.3
32.5
46.3
48.3
116.5
3H.4
315.8
114.6
286.8
312.9
291.4
73.4
71.9
241.0
215.1
238.6
218.8
116.6
113.5
172.5
173.8
173.1
162.6
166.5
81.3
83.2
121.8
122.6
113.7
116.3
194.5
270.3
274.0
267.1
250.4
191.9
253.5
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES..
Electric test and distributing equipment . . .
Electric measuring instruments
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
1,822.3 1,842.3 1,901.8 1,914.3
200.8
201.1
196.0
193.8
74.2
74.6
71.2
70.0
49.8
50.3
50.6
50.2
76.2
76.8
74.2
73.6
222.0
224.3
211.5
215.5
107.8
109.0
105.8
107.7
70.7
65.5
71.1
66.9
176.1
167.1
179.3
169.9
38.0
38.3
39.1
39.0
27.7
24.4
28.4
25.0
52.3
48.2
49.0
52.7
205.8
196.5
195.0
206.0
37.5
37.6
37.2
36.7
66.3
66.2
63.9
63.9
102.3
101.9
95.4
94.4
132.5
129.9
130.5
129.6
431.5
430.3
419.5
418.1
141.8
142.9
131.4
130.8
288.5
288.6
288.1
287.3
384.6
387.0
372.4
366.6
42.2
42.8
41.6
41.4
342.4
344.2
330.8
325.2
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
,
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts . .
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing .
Ship building and repairing
1,755.2
826.3
357.7
48.5
39.2
395.6
21.3
485.3
261.5
132.1
91.7
215.0
167.3
See footnotes at end of table.
72
140.6
72.4
142.0
73.8
152.0
79.1
152.9
80.2
,760.8 1,800.5 1,814.6
892.9
879.8
866.
368.9
364.1
357.
47.8
47.6
48.
41.5
40.7
39.
409.0
402.1
399.
25.3
25.7
21.
484.8
483.2
483.0
260.4
259.7
260.3
133.2
131.5
131.6
92.0
91.2
91. 1
227.7
227.6
215.
175.3
175.4
168.1
,392.6 1 ,404.7 1,421.8
74.0
71.8
(*)
22.3
22.2
51.7
49.6
103.3
103.6
219.4
228.6
224.8
113.4
116.8
49.2
50.1
28.8
29.2
21.7
22.2
240.3
239.1
(*)
40.0
40.1
106.8
106.2
41.0
40.4
52.5
52.4
111. 4
112.1
112. 1
26.1
26.6
21.8
21.7
15.4
15.4
19*5.4
193.1
192.5
51.3
50.5
42.2
42.1
21.9
22.4
33.5
33.1
131.8
130.8
127.6
87.2
84.9
121.4
121.0
120.7
87.3
87.3
211.
1
207.2
203.9
,931.6 1,204.8 1,221.4 1,263.4
202.4
136.3
130.9
129.1
45.5
42.3
41.7
36.8
36,4
36.0
54.0
52.2
51.4
153.8
159.0
150,8
226. 1
80.8
81.1
79.7
43.8
42.6
46.6
132.8
130.4
180.6
139.0
30.2
29.5
29.5
19.7
19.1
22.0
38.5
38.0
41.6
152.0
150.4
206.7
157. 7
33.5
33.1
32.7
50.9
49.4
49.3
73.3
69.5
68.4
92.7
95.0
93.9
(*)
208.4
214.3
206.9
(*)
85.1
94.5
84.1
123.3
119.8
122.8
239.8
235.2
246.2
392.7
27.3
27.2
26.9
212.5
208.0
219.3
154.8
108. 1
57.1
108.7
58.0
118.2
63.5
,274.5 1,288.7
136.6
138.7
45.3
36.7
54.6
162.2
160.7
82.3
46.6
142.8
141.7
30.6
22.6
41.9
15~8.4
157.8
33.4
50.6
73.8
95.6
216.1
95.8
120.3
247.3
251.9
27.2
220.1
118.7
64.6
120.3
,826.9 1,249.7 1,253.6 1,277.9 1,290,1 1,298.0
677.4
696.8
673.6
685.8
(*)
(*)
267.5
277.0
273.2
267. 1
36.7
38.2
38.2
36.8
31.4
30.1
29.8
32.2
324.6
325. 1
322. 6
330.7
16.5
19.9
15.
20.1
249.4
487. 1
246.3
248.4
251.4
247.9
124. 3
122.7
125
122.9
68.1
70.7
71.2
69.9
55.5
54.4
55.2
55. 1
179.2
180.5
226. 1
171.9
180.0
172
137. 1
136.8
132.9
132.5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
All employei
SIC
Code
Industry
May
J3.1A.
June
1976
Apr.
1977
Production workers
May
19771
June
19771
June,,
1977P
Tune
L976
Apr.
1977
May p„
1977
39.4
30.7
121.7
39.4
29.7
125.2
43.2
33.8
130.4
43.4
34.8
131.7
311. 1
28.9
75.4
45.3
30.1
43.6
30.9
73.4
64.8
25.0
315.1
28.7
76.5
45.6
30.9
44. 1
31.3
73.6
67.1
25. 1
319.3
27.6
77.2
49.3
27.9
45.8
31.9
78.3
66.6
23.8
322.6
27.7
79.6
49.3
30.3
46.5
32.3
78.6
66.7
23.5
327.3
325.9
40.5
93.5
47.7
45.8
24.3
45.3
122.3
20.9
330.8
40.4
97.3
51.6
45.7
24.4
44.9
123.8
20.5
317.9
39.7
90.6
43.6
47.0
24.0
40.7
122.9
19.3
321.7
40.1
93.2
46.7
46.5
24.3
40.9
123.2
19.4
325.6
40.6
May
1976
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
3732
374
375,9
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT-Continued
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
47. 7
42.3
150.3
47.6
41.2
154.4
52.2
45.9
162.4
52.4
47.1
163.7
38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices . . .
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
510.6
59. 1
117.9
76. 1
41.8
64.0
42. 1
109.0
129.4
31.2
515.3
59.1
119.0
76.4
42.6
64.8
42.6
109.8
131.4
31.2
522.2
58.9
119.4
80.2
39.2
68.3
44.2
115.0
130. 1
30.5
526. 1
58.8
121
80
41
69
44
115.9
130.3
30.3
531.6
39
391
394
3941-3
3949
395
396
393,9
393
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls, and play vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts
425.6
54.6
121.3
64.5
56.8
34.7
55.3
159.7
25. 1
430.8
54.4
125.4
68.8
56.6
34.7
55.0
161.3
24.6
416.5
54.7
117.8
59.4
58.4
33.5
50.7
159.8
23.7
419.3
54.8
120.3
62.3
58.0
33.7
50.7
159.8
23.7
424.5
55.2
1,652.0
345.2
167.2
65.5
112.5
195.3
24. 3
124.3
265.6
44.8
110.8
66.2
142.
25.
74.4
240.5
200.0
40.5
30.7
73.6
54.4
216.3
41.2
131.9
142. 5
1, 707.4
353.3
170. 1
66.5
,671.6
357.5
169.9
67.9
119.7
193.8
23.2
124.4
254.5
42.5
110. 1
63.2
145.5
28.2
72.8
239.6
200.6
39.0
26.8
74.9
53.5
231.5
51.9
135.8
147.5
,701.5
(*)
67.7
45.9
10.4
67.7
45.8
10.3
66.8
44.7
9.4
63.2
42.5
9.3
63.0
971.9
174.0
122.5
22.9
27.3
262.6
38. 1
35.4
77.5
40.0
981.3
176.3
123.9
23.1
27.7
266.8
38.5
35.9
79.9
40.7
978.4
172.8
121.0
23.5
26.1
266.7
37.9
35.5
80
40.7
984.5
173.2
121. 1
23.5
26.0
269.9
37.9
35.8
82.0
41.3
995.
173.9
121.8
23.7
26.0
274.
f24.0
~70.2
117.2
(*)
161.9
81.7
47.2
^79.8
(*)
124.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2024
2026
203
2031,6
2032,3
2037
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
206
207
2071
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned, cured, and frozen foods
Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods
Canned food, except sea foods
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages
Malt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products . . .
21
211
212
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES .
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Cigarettes
Cigars
,664,5
355.0
169.9
67.3
116. 7
117.8
199.2
191. 7
25.5
"22.4
123.4
125.8
257.5
290. 1
47.5
43.8
127.6
107.9
66.3
65.7
143.4
145.9
26.2
28.3
75. 1
73.3
244. 1
238.4
202.6
198.4
41.5
40.0
30.4
26.1
76.0
75.2
54.5
55. 1
227.5
230.0
50.1
49. 1
132.8
136.5
146.4
141.7
197.2
147.0
" (*)
~75.6
238.2
T49.0
, 108.4
282.3
134. 1
46.0
102.2
102.1
13.3
53.9
216.3
38.9
85.7
57.8
99.0
18. 1
48.9
137.7
105.9
31.8
22.2
55.6
42.2
100.8
27.3
48.7
92.4
55.0
37.6
9.1
849.5
158.3
109.5
19.1
23.8
226.3
33.5
31.6
65.9
35.0
157.1 1, 114.9 1, 122.0
291.6
290.1
294.3
135.8
136.4
135.9
48.4
47.3
49.3
107.4
106.4
109. 1
105. 1
99.9
101.3
12.1
14.2
12.6
52.7
54.8
53.3
207.0
239.4
205.6
41.6
37.9
37.1
82.0
101.9
85.0
56.7
57.8
54.6
100.5
99.9
100.9
19.2
18.4
19.2
48.2
49.7
48. 1
137.4
140.9
138.3
105.3
108. 1
107. 1
32.1
32.8
31.2
19.0
21.8
19.7
57.8
57.1
56.8
42.7
42.9
41.8
107.5
111.6
109.9
35.7
35.3
37.2
47.6
50.6
49.0
94.2
91.2
95.2
145.9
(*)
104.2
102.5
" (*)
"57.8
Tl4.0
~96.2
49.4
33.4
8.0
49.4
9.0
53.2
35.7
8. 1
858.2
160.6
110.7
19.3
24.2
230.6
33.9
32.0
68.4
35.7
853.9
156.4
108.5
19.7
22.8
229.7
33.5
31.6
68.5
35.2
859.3
156.6
108.8
19.8
22.7
869.9
157.5
109.3
19.9
22.6
237.5
54.8
37.4
232.6
33.6
31.9
70.1
35.7
See footnotes at end of table.
73
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May P
1977
June P
1977
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
May
June
1Q77P
1Q77
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
226
227
228
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS-Continued
Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
235
236
2361
237,8
239
2391,2
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers . . . .
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Corsets and allied garments
Hats, caps, and millinery
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Miscellaneous fabricated texile products
Housefurnishings
26
261,2,6
263
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Miscellaneous converted paper products
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
27
271
272
273
275
2751
2752
278
274,6,7,9
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, except lithographic
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Other publishing and printing ind
28
281
2812
2818
2819
282
2821
2823,4
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
287
2871,2
286,9
2892
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial chemicals
Alkalies and chlorine
Industrial organic chemicals, nee . .
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Synthetic fibers
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
Paints and allied products
Agricultural chemicals
Fertilizers, complete and mixing only
Other chemical products
Explosives
29
291
295,9
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products
See footnotes at end of table.
74
83.0
59.8
155.3
64.5
83. 9
60.3
155.8
63. 5
81.6
63.4
156.0
71.4
47.5
142. 7
51.2
69.3
50.5
142. 8
54.2
, 136.4 1, 148. 2
79.9
79.0
333.5
339.6
390.8
107. 1
105.4
77. 1
76.4
78.6
78. 1
378. 7
347. 4
347. 6
44. 8
44.4
152.0
154. 4
52.0
48. 5
98.8
100. 1
102.0
87.8
87. 0
67,
67.0
20.0
19,
13.8
14. 0
70.5
68.9
79. 0
29.2
28.8
59.9
58.7
184. 5
148.9
148. 1
64. 0
63.2
, 103.4
76.8
326.7
98.9
75.7
79.3
329.4
42.6
82.0
63.9
83.3
157.2
67.7;
159.4
68.1
1, 318.8 1, 331. 0 1, 286.2 1, 294.4
87.5
88.2
90.8
89.8
385. 1
381.3
393. 8
387.2
114.0
115.7
122.2
120.5
86.4
86.8
88. 1
87.2
96. 6
97.3
94. 7
94. 1
378.0
375. 7
396.3
396.6
48. 6
48.8
50. 7
50.3
170.0
164.8
170. 2
172.9
47.7
50.4
60. 6
57. 1
111. 7
111. 7
114. 8
116. 3
100. 6
101.3
103. 3
102.2
76.9
77.4
78.3
77. 1
23. 7
23.9
25.0
25. 1
16.5
16.4
16. 1
15.9
75. 6
77. 3
81.5
80.0
30.5
31.3
32.3
32.0
67.7
68.5
69. 1
67.8
181. 9
179. 0
180. 1
179.3
75. 7
75.3
76. 3
75.5
, 311.5
89. 6
672. 3
198.2
68.8
196.0
42.7
209.3
59.2
101. 1
30.8
684. 7
202. 1
70. 8
198.9
42.7
212.9
60. 1
103. 1
31.4
67.3
689.4
200.9
70.9
205. 6
695.9
202.5
71. 1
207. 6
44. 8
214. 7
59.5
104. 9
32.6
709.4
207. 7
72.2
70.7
47. 1
142.2
52.5
151. 1
39. 0
96.7
85. 6
66.7
18. 9
14. 5
64. 5
27.4
58. 1
147.8
62.9
69. 6
70.9
50.9
143. 8
54.5
146.0
54.9
, 111. 3 1, 126.8
77.7
79. 1
330. 6
336. 3
100.3
76.3
80. 0
327. 1
329.9
42. 7
146. 3
41.5
96.6
85.9
86.4
66.8
19. 1
14. 5
66.3
67.7
28.3
58.6
150. 6
152.5
63.3
522.3
155.9
56.4
143.3
34. 0
166.7
49.2
76. 6
26.2
517. 6
153.6
55.6
144. 8
35.5
163.6
47.6
75,8
26. 1
523.8
155.2
55.8
146. 7
35.7
166. 1
47.7
77. 1
27.0
536.6
151. 6
54.9
140. 7
34.2
162.6
47.7
74.8
25. 5
1, 076. 1 1, 077. 8 1, 100. 5 1, 104.2 1, 109. 5
394. 2
390.7
383.2
380.2
389. 1
71. 3
68.6
69.3
71.3
91.3
91.2
88. 1
89.4
365.4
364.7
358. 1
356.9
365.8
204. 8
204. 9
203. 8
202. 0
149. 1
143. 1
145. 7
149.9
51. 0
52.3
51. 1
50.2
51. 5
133. 1
135.5
129.9
128.9
134. 1
629.0
166.3
18.5
48.7
269.0
154. 0
107. 1
40. 8
85. 7
629. 6
167.2
18.2
47.2
268.3
155. 9
104.8
41.9
86.8
638.8
165.9
20. 1
49. 1
273.5
155.4
109. 6
41.5
88.7
640.2
166.2
20. 1
48.9
273.6
155.5
109. 7
42. 0
641.7
166.6
1, 028.0 1, 036.2 1, 053.2
342.5
337. 1
333. 0
20.6
21. 7
21.5
140.9
139.9
138.4
108. 6
108. 1
113. 7
205.0
205. 0
205. 3
86.9
88.5
89. 1
105.0
106.7
102. 6
169.8
166.8
173. 6
135.2
132.9
138. 6
118.4
116.4
122.2
35.2
35.0
39.9
49. 7
48.5
48.6
68.0
66.8
69.4
56.6
59.4
60.8
33.7
36.3
37. 1
81.3
80.6
79.4
15.2
15.0
13.8
587.6
178.7
15.7
60. 6
60. 8
137. 1
54. 5
74.6
83. 1
64. 1
67.4
22.5
27.8
36.0
37.6
25.7
47.7
9.6
591. 5
181. 1
16.0
61.6
60. 6
136.4
55.6
72.7
84.8
65.2
68.9
22.5
28.9
37.2
34.8
23.2
48.3
9. 7
605.7
184. 6
15. 1
64.9
62. 0
138.4
56.0
72.0
87.9
67.9
72.2
26.0
28.6
36.7
39. 0
26. 1
46.9
9. 1
608.4
185.5
15. 1
65.3
62.5
139. 6
56.4
72.8
87. 6
67.6
72.6
26. 1
28.7
37.4
38.3
25.8
47.4
9.2
616.3
188.4
131.9
97.4
34.5
133.9
98.8
35. 1
134.5
99. 1
35.4
137. 8
101.2
36.6
142. 4
104. 6
37.8
202.8
156. 1
46. 7
205. 7
158.3
47.4
44.5
212. 0
59.3
103.5
31.7
210.9
218.6
, 056.8 1, 066.2
343. 7
347. 8
20. 7
141. 6
114. 3
206.8
_(*)
89.8
103.4
173.7
138.8
122.4
40. 0
48. 6
70.2
60.4
37. 0
79.6
13.8
206.4
158. 5
209.8
160.4
47.9
49.4
175.4
124.3
72.0
57.4
81. 1
213. 6
162.8
50.8
509.8
89.4
159. 1
56.7
150.9
169.9
273. 1
42.5
90.9
89.9
74.5
38.8
35.4
48.5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
Production workers
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
19773
June .
1977 ]
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977
June
1977
682.8
125.0
173.9
430.5
27.3
124.1
16.7
279.1
439.5
28.4
126.4
16.6
284.7
524.5
90.9
135.4
18.3
298.2
529.3
91.6
136.2
18.8
301.5
537.4
93.3
136.6
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
30
301
302,3,6
302
307
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC. .
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Rubber footwear
Miscellaneous plastics products
568.7
58.2
159.5
20.2
351.0
580.0
60. 1
162.6
20.3
357.3
667.7
122.3
172.3
21.1
373. 1
673.6
123. 1
173.3
21.8
377.2
31
311
314
312,3,5-7,9
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Other leather products
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
280.0
25.2
176.8
78.0
18.4
35.2
282.7
25.0
177.4
80.3
19.0
36.4
266.3
23.5
165.4
77.4
18.5
34.4
268.8
23.6
167.6
77.6
18.8
34. 1
272.3
24.2
168.8
79.3
242.4
21.9
155.3
65.2
14.6
29.7
245.0
21.7
155.9
67.4
15.3
30.8
228. 1
20.1
144.2
63.8
14.8
28.2
230.6
20.2
146.6
63.8
14.8
28.0
233.7
20.6
147.8
65.3
4,494
4,531
4, 538
4, 576
4, 624
3,847
3,882
3,862
3,896
3, 942
62.5
62.8
63.7
62.9
34.4
36.7
34.8
35.8
957.7
887.0
70.7
987. 7
915.
71.8
980.0
902.4
11.6
986.9
910.1
76.8
12. 1
12.6
12.0
12.0
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
383.9
40
4011
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads2
526.6
488. 1
531.8
494.4
531.0
493. 7
537.9
499.9
41
411
412
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
274.8
68.0
78.0
38.4
265.7
68. 1
11.1
40.4
266.7
68.5
74.2
38.4
271.3
67.9
72.8
39.4
42
421,3
422
45
451,2
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
Air transportation
46
44,47
44
47
PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
OTHER TRANSPORTATION AND SERVICES
WATER TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
1,077.0 1, 106. 1 1, 108.0 1,116.1
993.8 1,021.6 1,017.0 1, 025.8
90.3
91.0
84.5
83.2
369.8
377.0
375.6
367.0
339.9
335.2
341.4
332.6
16.5
16.4
17.0
16.4
354.3
354.5
346.5
348.4
206.3
198.7
192.5
201.7
155.8
154.0
148.0
146.7
48
481
482
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Telegraph communication^
Radio and television broadcasting
1, 149.6 1, 143.3 1, 156.5 1, 162.6
947.8
942.5
936.1
943. 8
18.1
17.1
17.9
17.2
16O_5
160.9
154.9
156.3
883.8
716.7
12.6
124.3
875.9
708.3
12.6
125.
885.2
711.9
14.9
127.6
890.1
716.4
15.0
127. 6
49
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARYSERVICES
Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems
Water, steam, and sanitary systems
740.4
317.5
156.6
194.5
71.8
613.4
262.0
130.6
164.3
56.5
618.1
261.7
133.9
164.5
58.0
608.9
259.0
128.0
160.8
61.1
611.4
260.4
129. 1
160.3
61.6
491
492
493
494-7
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . .
50
501
502
503
504
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . .
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Dry goods and apparel
Groceries and related products
Electrical goods
Hardware; plumbing and heating equipment . .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous wholesalers
52-59
53
531
532
533
RETAIL TRADE
Retail General Merchandise
Department stores
Mail order houses
Variety stores
54
541-3
FOOD STORES
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores
734.3
316.8
158.6
192.7
66.2
742.7
317.2
161.9
196.0
67.6
737.5
316.1
155.8
194.4
71.2
307.5
17,606 17, 7 57 18,02 6 18,167
4, 351
4,280
4, 332
4, 228
393.1
384.2
389.5
379.6
244. 1
242.2
243.6
240.2
158.7
157.4
159.3
156.5
613.3
623.6
613.5
605.3
325.8
318.6
323. 1
317.3
192.5
186.7
191.9
183.9
925.2
890.3
918.7
883.2
1,355.7 1,368.7 1,382.2 1,389.6
18,332
4,407
15,564 15,705 15,900 16, 030 16, 158
3, 595 3, 638
3, 578
3,544
3,496
321.8
318.4
314.2
309.8
193.5
193. 1
193.3
190.9
122.0
122.6
122.9
121.9
531.4
528.6
543.6
526.7
274. 6 274.6
269.2
267.9
159.4
159. 1
154.7
152.9
765.0
759.0
734.2
727.5
1,
140. 1
1, 111.7 1,123. 1 1, 132.5
13,477 13,694 13,816
2,452.1 2,449.5 2,467.5
1,660.6 1,672.9 1,687.0
105.2
108.8
105.8
306.5
302,1
302.5
2,053.8 2,087.8 2 , 0 9 2 . 9
1,869.2 1,894.2 1,899.6
13,925
12,068 12,161 12,322 12,435
2,243.5 2,252.7 2,252.0 2,270.8
1,526.6 1, 534. 0 1,550.9 1,565.3
99.7
101.4
103.1
100.3
285.2
282..5
284.4
281.4
1 , 9 0 0 . 9 1,901.6 1,928.5 1 9 , 3 3 . 6
1 , 7 3 0 . 8 1,731.0 1,749.2 1 , 7 5 4 . 7
13,378
2,445.5
1,653.3
110,9
304.3
2,052.1
1,868.6
12,520
See footnotes at end of table.
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers 1
All employees
SIC
Code
Industry
May
1977
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
794.1
137.9
296.8
124.8
162.1
790.1
139.0
293.8
124.0
161. 1
808.8
139.6
292.4
125.1
176.6
808.9
139.8
292.9
127. 1
174.0
540.5
526.3
530.9
323.1
319.9
323.7
, 665.7 3, 728.6 3,828.0
921.2 3,979.7
,893.8
639.7
644.2
629.9
757.6 1,765.4
, 741.2
805.5
789.4
781.6
339.2
340.4
332.8
620.7
627.8
626.8
519.4 ,574.6
,522.7
476.3
476.0
473.1
78.6
82.8
79.8
141.2
151.4
143.4
98.6
95.7
97.2
542.7
324.4
893.5
010.6
651.8
775.2
808.3
345.0
621.9
583.6
482.3
82.2
151.0
96.1
4,450
4,477
June
1977P
May
1976
June
1976
695.0
120.0
261.6
113.6
135.8
691. 1
120.9
259.3
112.5
134.9
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
1977P
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADEContinued
56
561
562
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
,
57
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
OTHER RETAIL TRADE .
Building materials and farm equipment
Automotive dealers and service stations
Motor vehicle dealers
Other automotive and accessory dealers . . . . .
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous retail stores
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Book and stationery stores
Farm and garden supply stores
Fuel and ice dealers
571
58
52,55,59
52
55
551,2
553,9
554
59
591
594
596
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE*
60
61
612
614
62
63
631
632
633
64
65
655
656
66,67
4,278
Banking
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
Security, commodity brokers and services . . . .
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Rjeal estate
Subdividers and developers
Operative builders
Other finance, insurance, and real estate
SERVICES
70
701
72
721
722
73
731
732
734
76
78
781
782,3
80
806
81
82
821
822
892
Hotels* and other lodging places
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels
Personal services
Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios
Miscellaneous business services
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Services to buildings
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture filming and distributing
Motion picture theaters and services
Medical and other health services
Hospitals,
Legal services
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Nonprofit research agencies
See footnotes at end of table.
76
,289.7 1,303.8
457.2
462.2
182.4
185.8
193.4
193.7
176.9
176.9
, 106.5 1, 114.0
514.9
519.0
121
121.7
410
412.5
340
340.5
791
829.1
120
124.3
57.6
55.4
117.4
116.2
14,654
,
4,344
046.9
880.1
828.5
352.2
43.0
2, 088.4
124.2
81.1
410.4
216.8
202.8
60.9
141.9
404.8
372.6
357.8
306.0
423.3
709.7
888.2
404.8
148.0
14,815
15,182
15,296
699.4
120.7
254.5
113.4
145.0
456.1
444.7
453.9
449.1
274.7
272.5
276. 1
273.3
3,422. 1 3,482.2 3,573.6 3, 632. 1
3,361.3 3,384.1 3,414.9 3,443.1
556.5
538. 1
551.7
544.4
672.7
670.6
660.0
652.3
292.5
288.4
286.0
280.8
4,538
421.9
67.9
425.2
66.0
422.7
70.2
426.6
69.7
81.9
80.8
83.3
80.8
3,260
3,323
3,385
3,408
1,015.8
350. 1
146.5
1,328. 1
,323
492.5
488
203.3
200
202.8
202
181. 1
182
, 138 1, 141.3
518.0
517.9
123.7
123.8
430. 1 432.6
358.7
360.0
844.7
859.3
116.8
123.2
63.3
64.4
114.5
114.8
1, 104.0 1,050.8 1,063.3
862.2
848.7
917.6
808. 7
805
830.2
347
356.6
349. 1
38
43.0
39.3
2, 126.0 2,206.0 2 , 2 2 3 . 4
132.8
125.5
132.6
86. 1
86.7
81.9
423.8
426. 1
412.3
226.8
228.4
217.9
198.0
200.9
211.6
59.1
60.8
64.6
140. 1
147.0
138.9
4,461.2 4, 648.3 4, 676.5
2 , 3 9 9 . 3 2,466.0 2,474.9
391.4
378. 1
394.6
1, 189.6 1, 364. 0 1,338.8
444.9
408.9 443.0
703
731.0
612.8
952.9
952.9
901.1
439.8
433.2
412.0
162.2
160.6
151.8
699.3
120.6
253.8
111.6
148.0
15,495
3,461
,028.9 1,032.1 1,034.9
376.6
355.2
379.2
160.2
161.8
149.8
144.0
745. 7
295.2
99.9
301.0
144.1
752. 7
298.6
100. 1
303.9
148.8
771.7
294.2
101.6
321.1
148.3
773.7
294.0
101.5
322.8
13,207
13,360
13,638
13,729
815.2
852.9
784.3
795.9
3~15.3
37.6
319.0
37.4
3T0.6
34.7
3T2.7
35.1
44.3
48.5
48.3
50. 1
2, 166.4 2, 192.5 2,244.8 2,245.3
13,878
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
GOVERNMENT
91
92,93
Production workers1
>Ml employees
SIC
Code
5
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Executive
Department of Defense
Postal Service
Other agencies . .
Legislative
Judicial
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977
D
P
J u n e Pn
1977
15,147
15,033
15,290
15,342
15,219
2,735
2,728
2,716
2,758
2, 686.0 2 , 7 0 7 . 8 2, 664.0 2 , 6 7 5 . 8
930.2
917.4
936. 7
920.0
672. 8
670. 6
650. 7
652. 9
1 , 0 8 5 . 2 1,098. 3 1,095. 9 1, 102.9
38.1
39.4
39.3
39.8
12. 3
12. 3
11. 1
11. 1
2,759
12,412
12,275
12,574
12,614
92
State government
State education
Other State government
3 , 2 5 7 . 4 3, 168.4 3 , 3 8 5 . 9 3 , 3 6 4 . 5
1 , 4 0 2 . 4 1,273.7 1,473. 6 1,446. 3
1, 8 5 5 . 0 1,894.7 1,912.3 1,918.2
93
Local government . . .
Local education
Other local government
9, 154.7 9, 106.3 9, 187.8 9 , 2 4 9 . 7
5 , 2 1 5 . 1 5 , 0 3 7 . 9 5 , 3 0 0 . 6 5 335.3
3,939.6 4,068.4 3,887.2 3,914.4
1
Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in contract construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Beginning January 1976, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$10,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers.
May
1976
-
-
-
-
June
1976
-
Apr.
1977
-
—
—
12,460
M a y Pn
1977
-
-
-
J u n e P„
1977
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
4
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this
division.
5
Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only
and exclude Central intelligence and National Security Agencies.
* Not available.
p=preliminary.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division,
1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
Mining
Contract
construction
Service-producing
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Total
Wholesale
Retail
trade
1919
1920
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
41. 1
41.5
43.7
45.3
45. 5
45.6
47.6
44.7
55. 1
54.8
53.6
55.4
54.7
54.2
57. 1
51.3
184.8
202. 1
177.7
193.3
181.7
171. 3
177. 3
164.6
31.8
26.4
45. 1
48. 5
50. 1
50. 1
46.7
42.8
54.8
54.8
51. 1
52.2
51.4
51. I
55.0
49.2
33. 5
34.3
38.3
39.7
40. 5
40.8
42.4
41.0
87. 1
93.8
89.8
92.5
91.4
89.8
91.9
86. 5
33.2
32.8
41. 0
42. 5
43.4
43.2
45. 0
42.6
34.4
36.4
38.2
40. 5
42.4
44. 5
46.8
45.7
40.5
35.9
36.0
39.4
41. 1
44.2
47. 1
44.4
46.5
49.2
44. 1
37. 1
38.5
44. 0
46.8
51.2
55.5
48.9
52.8
56.7
142.4
119.2
121. 4
144. 0
146. 3
154.3
165. 6
145.4
139. 3
150.9
37.8
30.2
25.2
26.9
28.4
35.7
34.7
32.9
35.8
42.0
35.6
38.0
43.7
40. 3
76.4
66. 1
62.7
64.5
65.4
69.8
73.6
67.2
68.9
71. 3
38.8
34.4
50. 5
55.5
48.5
52.9
56.5
38.5
35.2
34.7
36.9
38. 0
40.3
42.5
41.8
43. 1
45. 0
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
55.5
60.9
64. 5
63.6
61.3
63.3
66.6
68.2
66. 5
68.7
68. 5
79.3
86.4
83.0
75.2
74. 0
79.4
80.6
75.4
79.4
156. 1
161.8
150.9
145. 5
136.4
140. 6
155. 8
162.2
151.7
147. 0
55.8
67.6
48.8
34. 1
35. 3
51.8
61.8
67.6
67. 5
72.7
67.8
78.6
90.5
89. 1
79.8
75.6
79.9
80. 1
74.3
78.4
48.4
50.9
76.8
81.2
85.6
89.9
91.7
95.3
97.8
98.3
93.9
53. 0
52.3
51. 3
51.9
53.8
61.6
65. 8
68. 1
68. 1
94. 7
69. 0
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
72.7
74. 1
76.3
74.4
76.9
79.6
80.3
78.0
81.0
82.4
85.6
86.7
90.4
84.7
88.0
151. 5
146. 5
141. 3
129.0
129.2
134. 1
135. 1
122. 5
119.4
116.2
81. 1
82. 1
81.8
81.4
87. 3
93.5
91. 1
86.6
92.3
89.9
84.3
85. 5
90. 2
83.9
86.8
88. 7
88.3
82.0
85.7
86.4
65.6
67.3
68.6
68.8
70.9
73.6
75. 1
74.9
77.4
79.5
87.8
84. 0
90. 5
86.7
87.4
88.8
92.9
98.8
80.4
82.6
84.8
87.8
91.4
82. 1
1961
84.4
1962
86. 1
1963
88.6
1964
92.3
1965
97. 1
1966
100. 0
1967
103.2
1968
1969*.... 107.0
107.7
1970
108. 1
1971
1972
111.9
1973
116.8
1974
119. 1
1975
117,.0
1976 .... 120. 6
June . . .120. 5
120.7
July
120. 9
Aug. . . .
Sept. . . .121. 4
Oct
121.2
Nov. . . .121.6
Dec. ... 122.0
1977:
Jan. . . .122. 3
Feb. ... 122.7
123.6
Mar
Apr. . . .124.0
MayP... 124.4
June r . . 124. 6
90. 5
89.9
83.7
87. 5
87.6
85.2
87.7
88.5
90. 1
94. 0
109.6
106. 0
103. 6
103.4
103. 1
102. 3
100. 0
98.9
101. 0
101.6
92.4
95. 1
99.3
46.6
100. 0
101.8
104. 5
101.0
98. 1
101.2
106.3
106. 1
97.1
100.3
100.4
100. 3
100.2
100.8
100. 2
100. 9
101. 0
102.0
105. 1
113.2
121.5
127.7
127.4
129.0
122.7
130.2
130.5
131.3
131.8
102. 1
100. 0
103. 1
109.9
110.2
113.4
119.4
125.2
123. 3
109.5
112.0
112. 0
112. 5
111.6
111. 1
111.7
112.8
112.4
101.4
101. 9
103.2
104. 1
104. 5
104. 6
133.3
134, 3
137.4
138.2
137.7
140. 1
111. 0 98.8
113.6
98.9
117.2
99.8
119.8 100.4
120.5 100.8
121. 5 100.7
99.3
99.3
100. 0
101. 7
103. 7
99. 5
95. 5
98.2
103.2
103. 1
94.3
97.5
97.6
97.4
97.6
98.2
97.4
98. 0
98.2
52. 5
53. 0
53.8
57.4
59.6
61.4
61.6
62.8
99.2
99.7
100.7
95.8
97.2
99.6
99. 5
93.3
94. 1
94.0
78
19.6
19.3
29.2
30.2
31. 5
28.6
28.3
27.8
28.9
30. 5
32.2
33. 0
34. 1
35. 1
36.9
20.6
20.6
20.8
24. 0
27.7
30.4
30.6
30. 5
33. 3
36.6
31.2
30.7
30.0
30. 5
31.4
32.7
33.7
35.2
35.6
36.9
49. 3
38. 3
37. 7
36.6
35.9
36. 1
38. 5
41. 3
43.6
45. 5
47.2
53.0
52. 5
52.0
52. 5
54. 1
61.4
65.4
67. 3
67.2
68. 1
48. 0
47.7
46.6
45. 8
46. 4
52.6
54. 4
56. 7
57. 6
59. 5
38.8
40.4
41. 1
41.2
42. 0
46. 7
50. 0
51. 5
52. 1
53. 3
40.9
48. 1
53. 3
53. 0
52. 1
49. 1
48. 0
49. 6
51.4
52.9
81.4
106.8
107.7
103. 3
73.9
76.2
77.4
77.7
79.3
81.8
82. 1
80.8
83.6
85.2
70.8
72.6
74.6
74. 4
76.8
79.
79.
78.
81.
61.7
64.2
66. 5
69. 3
72.4
75. 3
76.8
78. 1
80.4
82.8
55.2
56.7
58. 1
59.4
62. 1
84.7
66.8
67.4
70.6
73. 5
56. 1
58. 0
58. 3
59.2
60.7
63.8
66.8
68.8
70.9
73. 3
84. 9
82.8
84.4
86. 1
84.7
86.8
75.9
75.4
79. 5
78. 0
89.2
82.4
80.9
89.0
93.3
91.7
94.0
86.2
90. 0
94.6
100. 0
105.2
111.2
115. 1
117.9
122.7
128.9
134.8
138.7
145.0
144.3
144.8
145.6
146. 1
146.4
147.3
147.9
100.0
103.9
107. 1
110.2
113. 1
117.0
120.5
124.4
129. 1
131. 1
131.2
131. 1
131.4
131.2
131.5
131.9
132. 0
148. 6
149-2
150.0
150.3
150.6
151.
131.7
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.6
132.8
97. 5
97. 3
100. 0
103.9
108.3
111.3
113.6
117.8
122.5
126. 1
127. 8
131.7
131. 5
131. 9
132.2
132.6
132.7
13279
133. 5
100. 0
102.4
105.9
108.3
108. 5
111.9
116.5
119.8
118.5
120.9
120. 7
121. 2
121.2
121. 5
121.8
121.7
122.1
100. 0
104. 0
108.8
111.3
114.4
119.4
124.7
126.9
127.2
133.2
133.0
133.6
133.8
134. 5
134. 2
134. 1
134.8
96.1
100.0
104.8
110.4
114.3
117.9
122.3
126.9
130.5
130.9
133.8
133.4
133.7
133.7
134. 5
135.2
135.8
136.5
133.8
134. 1
134.8
134.9
135.3
135. 5
106.8
106. 9
107.2
107.4
107. 6
107. 3
132.2
132.8
133.7
133.8
134.0
134.0
122.6
123.0
123.5
124.0
124.3
124.3
135.5
136.2
137.2
137.2
137.3
137.4
137.1
137.4
138. 1
138.4
138.9
139.3
p = preliminary.
. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an
23. 5
22.8
24.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
26.9
27.6
53. 1
51.7
49.4
50. 0
52.8
62. 1
67.0
70.6
70.6
71. 4
83.2
86.7
88. 1
90. 5
93.7
State
and
local
22.4
23.4
28.4
30. 2
31.4
32. 3
34. 1
33.4
47.0
49.6
42.7
83. 3
91.6
91.7
85.0
91.6
86.6
92.7
89.4
94.7
93. 5
97.4
97.3
100.0 100. 0
101.2 103.6
104. 1 108. 1
105.7 110. 5
104.6 112.8
106.0 117.4
109.0 122.5
110.2 125. 1
105.6 124.9
105.8 130.0
105.2 129.8
105.8 130.4
105.6 130.6
106.3 131. 1
105.7 131.0
106. 1 130. 9
106. 9 131.5
95.9
Federal
47.8
49.8
38.8
39.9
71.6
73. 5
75. 3
75.2
77.4
79.8
80. 0
79. 0
81.8
83.7
Total
43.6
41.6
40.2
40.9
41.4
43. 0
44.4
44. 2
45.3
46.6
34. V
46. 0
45.4
47.2
49.6
Government
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
29. 0
28.4
30. 3
31. 1
32.9
34.8
34.4
34.8
36.4
64.7
82.9
69.6
68. 5
70. 2
70. 9
89. 0
84.8
80. 5
80.4
81.2
81. 5
80. 6
82. 1
83. 5
84.2
83.8
86. 1
86. 7
86.4
88.4
94.7
87. 5
94. 3
100. 0
100.7
101.4
100.4
99.2
98.7
97.9
100.2
101. 1
100.5
100.3
100. 1
100.5
100.3
100.4
100.6
100. 0
100. 1
100. 1
100.2
100. 0
100. 1
100.4
47. 1
48.3
50. 0
52. 6
54. 5
58.4
62.2
65. 1
67.4
70. 1
72. 8
75. 5
79. 1
83. 5
88. 7
94.8
100. 0
105. 0
108.8
113. 3
1*17.4
122.8
127.6
132. 0
13 8.0
140.7
140.9
140. 9
141. 1
140.8
141.2
141.7
142. 0
141.6
141. 5
141.8
142. 0
142.8
143.0
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultrual total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Industry division and group
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
June
781
3,592
1976
Sept.
Oct.
Nov. Dec
Jan.
Feb.
1977
Mar. Apr.
May p June p
791
752
798
800
805
808
817
823
842
847
844
859
3,608 3,579 3,565 3,582 3, 619 3,605 3,561 3,645 3,759 3,842 3,867 3,898
18,948 18,945 18,979 19, 100 18,941 19,065 19,095 19,211 19,233 19,404 19,528 19,599 19,575
11,059
158
601
493
628
200
3 90
069
837
743
513
427
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products
7,925
1,718
75
973
1,320
678
1, 077
1,029
202
577
276
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
Aug.
79,368 79,513 79,618 79,918 79,819 80,106 80,344 80,561 80,824 81,395 81,686 81, 921 82,056
23,357 23,344 23,310 23,463 23,323 23,489 23,508 23,589 23,701 24,005 24,217 24,310 24,332
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures . . :
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
SERVICE-PRODUCING
July
11,034 11,083 11,146 11,018 11,128 11,158 11,236
157
156
156
156
156
156
155
605
613
621
626
605
625
613
495
486
491
493
490
494
491
630
628
636
629
631
631
630
216
215
,
186
,182
1,206
,183
1, 194
404
394
396
,404
1,387
,413
1,387
115 2,078
106
090
, 107 125
2,084
848 1,849
860
843
863
874
1,815
749
737
766
,737 1,695
790
1,728
514
510
517
512
521
512
511
413
415
418
424
420
420
415
7,911
1,719
80
970
1,299
680
1,082
1,037
201
572
271
7,896 7, 954
1,715 1,711
78
76
971
969
1,281
1,292
681
679
1,082 1,086
1,040 1,035
202
202
643
572
268
267
7,923
1,706
76
961
1,273
677
1,087
1,032
202
645
2 64
7,937
7,937
7, 975
1,711 1,710
75
75
960
957
1,276 1,271
680
680
1,089 1,089
1,038 1,041
203
204
642
647
263
2 63
1,721
74
958
1,278
684
1,090
1,044
205
656
265
11,230 11,370 11,423 11 ,473 11,483
157
156
158
156
155
639
633
638
626
638
507
503
509
497
511
651
641
652
620
655
208
217 1,218
1,178 1, 199
,433
447 1,448
1,416 1,432
150
2, 134 2, 142
167 2, 173
888
906
919
930 1,926
766
808
808
806 1,809
524
526
526
527
529
425
424
425
422
421
8,003 8,034 8, 105 8, 126 8,092
1,727 1, 734 1,743 1,732 1,712
73
68
73
71
70
964
973
981
987
989
1,280 1,283 1,291 1,297 1,301
688
688
702
697
703
1,095 1,097 1, 102 1, 108 1, 108
1,050 1,051 1,060 1,063 1,059
205
207
211
210
209
656
666
680
685
679
2 65
267
2 67
268
265
56,011 56, 169 56,308 56,455 56,496 56, 617 56,836 56,972 57,123 57,390 57,469 5 7 , 6 i r 57,724
4,482 4,508 4,501 4,528 4,506
4,519 4,553 4,549 4,553 4,568 4,575 4,585 4,574
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . 17, 664 17,737 17,764 17,839 17,824 17,808 17,898 17,981 18,067
18,189 18,203 18,226 18,237
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Medical and other health services
Educational services
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
4,254 L 4,271 4,272 4,283 4,292 4,291 4,304 4,323 4,334 4,354 4,371 4,382 4,381
13,410 13,466 13,492 13,556 13,532 13,517 13,594 13,658 13,733 13,835 13,832 13,844
13,856
4,301 4,312 4,312
14,610
1,044
822
4,439
1,248
4, 664 14,751
1,060 1,061
823
823
4,417 4,476
1,248 1,252
4,338 4,359 4,381 4,403 4,423 4,431 4,453 4,463 4,481 4,493
14,798
1,068
817
4, 505
1,266
14,819
1,069
814
4,519
1,283
14,873 14,936
1,071 1,090
808
809
4,648 4,577
1,277 1,271
.5,010 15,068 15,149 5, 182 15,205 15,281
1,099 1,084 1,090 1,092 1,073
808
807
809
805
809
4,584 4,603 4,629 4,658 4,681
1,269 1,282 1,288 1,290 1,286
14,954 4,948 14,980 14,952 14,988 15,036 15,046 15,009 15, 004 15,031 15,046 15,114 15,139
2,728 2,723 2,732 2,728 2,730 2, 734 2,720 2,721 2,721 2, 725 2,719 2,723 2,729
12,226 2,225 12,248 12,224 12,258 12,302 12,326 2,288 12,283 12,306 2,327 2,391 12,410
p = preliminary.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1976
Industry division and group
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
June
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical equipment and supplies .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
Sept.
1977
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May^
June**
17, 101 17,085 17,029 17,180 17, 032 17,172 17, 15817, 190 17, 287 17,568 17, 771 17,867 17, 871
592
599
2, 844 2,868
561
605
605
612
2, 841
2,826
2,852
2,885
613
609
2, 854 2,780
637
640
2, 860 2,973
3,065
617
635
647
3,084 3, 105
13,665 13,618 13,627 13,749 13,575 13,675 13,691 13,801 13, 810 13, 958 14,066 14, 148 14,119
7, 905 7,878
71
72
507
504
401
405
503
501
952
943
049 1,045
336 1,347
218 1, 199
236 1,219
313
314
328
320
,760
, 172
62
850
138
517
630
587
130
436
238
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . . .
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
Aug.
53, 007 53, 104 53, 151 53,474 53, 309 53,498 53,672 53,813 54, 965 54,534 54, 771 54,920 54,934
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
July
5,740
1, 177
67
847
1, 115
516
630
591
130
433
234
7,911 7,975
71
70
507
515
398
408
499
503
956
959
1,051 1,062
1,350 1,370
1,222 1,224
1,228 1,230
311
312
318
322
7, 833
69
515
403
501
934
1, 044
1, 329
1, 224
186
311
317
7,929
69
522
403
506
926
1,051
1,357
1,232
1,236
312
315
5, 716 5,772 5,742 5,746
1, 168 1, 164 1, 159 1, 161
65
63
63
63
845 , 848
835
838
1, 109 1, 100 1, 091 1,093
514
515
512
515
629
632
632
632
595
590
588
589
130
131
132
130
432
502
501
504
229
226
224
229
7, 955
70
528
406
500
923
1, 059
1, 358
1, 231
1, 251
315
314
736
156
62
833
089
514
631
590
132
505
224
8,026
70
529
403
501
923
1, 069
1,373
1,237
1,278
318
325
8,011
70
531
408
488
917
1, 071
1, 378
1, 250
1,251
320
327
8, 128
69
538
413
510
938
1,083
1,384
1,265
1,281
321
326
8, 177 8,239
72
73
543
544
418
420
519
521
944
954
1, 085 1,098
1, 387 1,410
1,277 1,289
1,284 1,281
322
324
326
325
8,240
72
545
421
523
955
1,099
1,412
1, 285
1,280
325
323
5,775 5, 799 5,830 5, 889 5,909 5,879
1, 169 1, 175 1, 183 1, 190 1, 181 1, 161
60
56
56
56
60
60
856
864
861
848
835
840
1,096 1, 098 1, 100 1, 108 1, 114 1, 117
530
531
524
517
517
517
642
643
639
635
635
631
612
613
608
601
602
594
138
138
138
135
132
133
540
534
537
525
514
513
230
227
229
229
227
227
35,906 36,019 36,122 36,294 36,277 36,326 36,514 36,623 36,778 36,966 37,000 37,053 37,063
3, 840
3,859
3, 854 3,877
3, 856 3,861
3, 900 3,882
3,878
3,890
3, 897 3,908
3,899
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . 15, 623 15,668 15,700 15,771 15,761 15,734 15,792 15,876 15,974 16,071 16,077 16,100 16,074
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES .
3,572 3,584 3,602 3,618 3,628 3,616
3,523 3,532 3,534 3,547 3,554 3,553 3,56
12,207 12,181 12, 230 12,304 12, 390 12,469 12,459 12,472 12,458
12,224
12,
166
12,136
12, 100
3,280
3,289
3,309
3, 325 3,345
3, 364 3,374
3, 382 3,396
3,402
3,411
3,417
13, 163 13,204 13,279 13,337 13, 335 13,386 13,458 13,491 13,544 13,609 13, 624 13,634 13,673
1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
80
3,288
p= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, 1974 to date
Year and month
Over 1 -month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1974
January
February
March
58.7
55.8
48.0
61, . 6
55,. 2
54,. 7
64.8
56.4
54.7
63. 1
59.6
54.9
April
May
June
54.7
54.7
54.4
52., 3
57., 0
50,, 9
51. 5
50.3
44. 5
50.0
40. 1
28.2
July
August
September
49.1
42.2
32.6
44,, 2
36., 0
35., 5
35.8
32. 0
21.8
26.7
22. 1
20.6
October
November
December
35. 5
19.8
19.8
26. 2
21. 8
12. 8
15. 7
16. 0
13.7
18.6
16.6
14. 0
January
February
March
16.9
16.9
27.3
12. 5
14. 0
22. 7
13.7
12.8
18.9
16.3
17.4
17.2
April
May
June
44.2
51.2
39.8
34. 6
43. 6
47. 7
29. 1
40.7
59.0
20. 3
25.6
40. 1
July
August
September
57.3
72.4
81.4
55. 5
75. 0
78. 8
63.4
66.6
72.4
50.3
61.9
71. 5
October
November
December
64.0
59.6
69.2
70. 6
69. 2
75. 0
78.8
79.4
77.6
75.9
79. 1
81.4
January
February
March
76.7
74.4
77.9
82. 0
84. 3
84. 9
82.8
83. 1
77.0
84.6
82.8
79.4
April
May
June
77.9
63.4
47. 1
81. 1
70. 6
57. 0
77.0
71. 5
70. 9
73. 5
July
August
September
52.9
49. 1
68.9
47. 4
65. 1
54. 9
55.2
55.2
61.9
75. 3
74. 1
78. 2
October
November . . . , .
39.0
64.2
68.3
59. 9
53. 8
75. 9
70.1
69.8
76.7
76.5
7 5 . Op
71.5
61.6
79.7
76. 7
84. 6
86. 0
88.4
87. 2p
84. Op
79. 1
65. 4p
51. 7p
82. 6p
7 3 . 8p
1975
1976
79.7
79.4
75. 3p
1977
January
February
March
,
April
May
June
July
August
September
,
,
October
November
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industrial.
p = preliminary.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division
(In thousands)
Total
State and area
ALABAMA
Birmingham .
Huntsville . . .
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa . .
Manufacturing
Contract construction
Mining
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
May
1976
Apr. May
1977 1977P
May
1976
Apr. May
1977 1977P
May
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
1 . 1 9 9 . 0 1,244.7
319.6
327.3
104.7
104.9
133.6
134.1
89.1
89.9
45.6
48.5
1,249.8
326.4
13.9
8.4
(1)
(I)
( 1)
.7
15.1
8.7
(1)
(I)
(1)
.3
15.0
8.6
(1)
(1)
( I)
•8
68.9
19.8
3.7
3.1
69.4
20.2
3.5
10.4
5.6
3.1
71.7
20.9
3.6
10.5
5.8
3.2
336.2
66.4
29. 1
26.3
13.7
9.3
351.7
67.1
30.6
26.6
14.2
10.5
350.8
65.4
30.6
26.3
14.2
10.5
May
1976
105.5
134.3
90.2
48.5
11.3
6.2
ALASKA
176.5
154.1
153.9
3.6
5.0
4.9
33.0
18.9
18.8
10.5
10.2
9.7
8 ARIZONA
Phoenix.
Tucson .
761.2
450.3
148.4
786.9
470.4
152.4
787.1
470.9
151.6
24.0
•5
7.3
25.4
.5
8.2
25.4
.5
41.5
23.6
9.2
45.8
27.0
9.5
46.8
27.7
9.7
105.1
76.7
12.3
109.8
81.1
12.9
110.4
81.5
13.0
661.4
52.4
59.9
636.6
55.1
62.4
5.0
(I)
.5
(1)
(1)
5.1
(I)
.5
(1)
(1)
34.1
2.6
2.4
7.9
1.2
35.2
2.9
2.5
9.4
1.1
36.5
3.0
2.6
9.5
1.1
206.5
162.1
27.1
4.7
(1)
.5
(1)
( 1)
195.5
15.5
21.9
156.6
26.4
693.3
55.2
62.9
162.8
26.9
208.4
16.7
23.4
30.2
34.4
1.9
8.5
.7
11.1
.1
2.0
2.3
.3
35.5
1.9
8.7
.7
11.5
.1
2.1
2.3
.3
.6
.8
2.3
.1
1.0
.4
.1
.2
35.7
2.0
8.8
.7
996.2
630.8
19.4
7.9
21.3
8.8
1,241.7 1,247.1 1 , 2 5 7 . 3
145-3
146.3
146.0
342.9
345.7
341.8
55.3
55.9
53,0
172.8
171.7
174.0
92.8
91.1
91.3
82.9
81.9
78.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
<3>
(3)
(3)
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale ,
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
8 , 0 9 1 . 0 8 , 3 3 2 . 4 8,467.1
16 CALIFORNIA
598.2
633.6
638.4
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove..
106.9
109.7
HO.5
Bakersfield
154.7
158.6
161.3
Fresno
3
,
0
8
7
.
5
3,201.1 3,217.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach
71.0
76.5
76.0
Modesto
117.6
119.7
118.9
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
345.5
354.9
352.6
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario .
346. \
37 9.P
343.5
Sacramento
75.9
78.8
77.4
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
493.3
513.9
509.4
San Diego
I t 356.6 1,376.3
.384.6
San Francisco-Oakland
48 9 • Q
503.1
508.3
San Jose k
101.4
105.0
1 04. 8
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria—Lompoc .
68.9
70.3
71.5
Santa Rosa
103.7
103.2
106.5
Stockton
86.6
84.6
86.8
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
33 COLORADO*
Denver-Boulder
34
35 CONNECTICUT .
Bridgeport
37
Hartford
38
New Britain.
39
New Haven-West Haven
40
Stamford
Waterbury.
41
42 DELAWARE .
Wilmington .
43
981.2
621.5
235.9
206.3
988.9
627.2
234.6
2 05.7
236.0
206.9
.6
.8
2.2
.1
1.0
.4
.1
.2
a.?
11.4
.1
2.1
2.3
.3
.6
.8
2.3
.1
i.O
.4
.1
.2
28.8
5.7
16.6
23.1
30.0
5.8
5.9
312.5 345 .0 360.9 1,634.7 1 , 6 6 7 . 9 1,680.7
27.7 3 6 . 4
164.3
164.8
37.9
159.8
4.3
8.9
8.8
4.6
.4.6
8.5
21.6
20.9
8.5
7.9
7.7
20.5
819.8
812.4
98-2 101.3
789. 0
95.6
16.9
4.8
4.5
15.9
15.1
4.3
17.8
4.7
4.6
17.9
17.7
4.7
53.6
53.7
13.4 13.1 13.9
53.1
23.3
23.5
22.7
14.5 14.2 15.3
9.7
2.9
2.9
9.8
8.3
2.6
28.5
72.6
29.2
72.8
72.4
26.4
182.1
59.6
58.0
184.2
184.7
58.0
162.7
17.5 1 8 . 0
164.8
159.7
17.0
14.3
3.5
3.5
14.4
13.6
3.4
3.9
3.7
9. 8
3.6
9.8
9.8
4.0
18.2
3.7
17.9
18.8
3.7
3.2
2.7
2.9
8.6
8.3
7.9
21.8
8.9
55.5
36.4
54.2
36.5
56.6
38.3
138.0
93.4
141.2
96.6
142.1
96.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
13)
13)
( 3)
(31
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(31
(3)
(3)
41.3
3.9
11.0
1.8
5.6
3.2
2.5
37.2
3.6
8.5
1.8
4.6
3.1
I .8
40.8
3.8
9.6
2.0
4.9
3.3
2.1
396.0
57.3
84.5
24.5
43.7
28.3
30.3
397.6
58.7
82.5
26.1
42.9
27.7
33.2
399.1
59.0
83.0
26.4
43.0
27.7
33.4
(I)
< 1)
(II
(1)
(I)
(1)
14.5
12.3
13.9
12.5
14.2
12.6
68.4
64.7
67.4
63.4
68.1
63.8
17.4
71.7
17.5
70.5
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA . . . . .
577.3
575.1
575.2
It 364.7 1 , 3 7 3 . 2 1 , 3 8 3 . 7
(i)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
17.8
72.9
15.6
49.1
15.5
49.3
49.8
46 FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
2,776.6 2 , 9 0 7 . 0 2,878.9
?38.8
243.6
247.4
258.2
260.9
259.8
585.7
589.7
593.6
213.1
215.2
216.6
87. P
91.2
89.8
423.3
424.8
428.7
143.2
149.1
151.7
9.2
( 1)
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
U)
( 1)
9.3
( I)
(I)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
9 . 5 159.9 175.1 177.4
15.7
(1)
17.4
17.6
14.5
(1)
14.9
14.8
22.9
(1)
23.3
22.8
11.4
(1)
11.7
11.7
(I)
6.5
6.9
6.8
(I)
28-0
26.8
27.2
( 1)
9.5
9.7
9.7
346. 1
25.5
29.8
84.9
25.7
13.8
58.1
17.4
354.5
26.8
28.7
86.0
26.1
13.6
57.9
19.2
356.7
27.3
29.3
86.7
26.0
13.9
58.4
19.4
1 , 9 1 1 . 3 1*917.3
791.2
792.4
105.8
109.6
108.6
75.3
75.2
75.8
92.8
93.9
93.8
6.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
( 1)
7.2
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
7.2
(I)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
84.1
31.9
6.1
4.5
5.1
4.8
94.9
33.1
7.3
4.0
6.1
5.0
97.7
33.6
7.7
4.1
6.1
5.1
477.4
124.8
34.1
19.9
16.4
15.8
487.8
128.2
35.0
20.3
16.3
16.1
490.4
128.4
35.4
20.6
16.5
16.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
23.9
20.3
22.3
18.9
22.4
19.1
24.1
17.5
23.7
17.4
24.2
18.0
45
GEORGIA
Atlanta 1
Augusta 4
Columbus..
Macon
Savannah 4
60 HAWAII l
Honolulu2
See footnotes at end of table.
82
1,840.5
767.6
75.6
79.0
79.1
342.4
288.0
347.6
292.4
347.9
292.8
15.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
MAY
MAY
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
1976
1977 1977P
61.7
23.6
65.
24.
2.
10.
4.
I.
MAY
MAY
1977P
1976
APS. MAY
1977 1977P
252.8
78.7
19.8
32.8
20.7
253.6
78.8
20.0
32.9
20.8
51.9
20.3
53.9
20.8
54.2
20.9
7.8
6.0
5.1
8.5
9.1
9.0
1.5
2.8
6.2
5.2
1.5
7.8
6.3
5.3
1.6
MAY
19 76
APR.
1977
243.3
76.7
19.7
32.3
20.6
Government
Services
MAY
AP* X%
MAY
MAY
APR.
MAY
1976
1977
1977P
1976
1977
1977 P
.8
.9
.4
.3
.7
.8
250.0
49.0
32.0
21.4
23.2
16.0
255.6
50.3
30.7
21.8
23.2
16.6
257. 0
1
2
7
8
2
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
173.1
55.4
15.2
26.1
16.2
180
56
15
26
16
5
.3
.9
.2
.1
.8
.1
181
56
15
26
16
4
4
6
3
2
65.7
24.7
2
8
4.2
1.8
16.1
14. 7
15.8
28.6
26.4
26.1
6.9
7.3
7.4
29.7
25 . 4
75 . 1
48.1
46.2
46. 1
39.3
23.5
40. 1
24. 1
40. 1
?4.2
43.9
33.9
5.9
S.9
6.0
143.5
86.3
29.9
148 . 4
90 . 7
30 . 3
147 .3
8 9 .7
30 . 4
180.8
88.1
42.5
185.2
90.4
43.9
184. 5
7.5
188.7
123.0
33.5
43.7
33.7
7. 6
188.5
122.9
33.6
42.4
32.6
7.6
184.6
119.0
33.7
2
38.5
148.0
12.3
13.5
37.5
27.7
1 .9
29.5
1 .9
94.0
128.2
10.5
2.2
7.0
9.7
126.7
10.3
2.1
1.9
2.2
12.0
12.0
27.9
5.4
5.4
11.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
4.0
97 . 5
7 .4
10 • 3
28 . 5
4 .0
129. 0 11
2.9
3.2
146.5
12.9
13.4
37.2
29.7
9
3
2.2
10.?
4.1
1.8
37.4
3.1
3.2
11.1
3.3
38.
2.
3.
11.
3.
460.4 471.
18i7
6.5
8.7
2.4
10.2
1
11.1
141.3
12.0
12.9
36.6
4
3.4
5.4
7
19. 5
6. 8
8. 7
4.7
98
7
10
28
4
.1
.5
.3
.5
.0
7.2
33.1
5.7
7.1
33.9
6.2
50.
30.
21.
23.
16.
8
90. 4 9
4 3 . 3 10
10.
7.
34.
5.
4
7
0
9
12
13
14
15
476.2 1,860.3 1,913.7 I ,948.5 46 7.6 487.1 489.6 l t 6 0 4 . 2 1,6 79 . 1 1 , 6 9 1 . 1 1,716.9 1,782.9 1 , 7 8 4 . 4 16
119 . 9
120 . 0
103. 0 17
19.6
98.0
102.4
114.0
155.6 37.6 35.2 35.5
145.5
154.0
3 1 . 5 18
18 • 2
3.9
18 . 2
3.9
3.9
6.9
30.7
31.5
17.4
27.7
27.1
27.2
4 2 . 0 19
42.1
497.8
17.5
495. 3 20
1 7 . 5 21
'.7
.3
.4
.3
.4
2 84 . 7
106 . 5
24 . 9
13 . 3
20 .2
15 . 8
41.1
486.9
16.4
36.2
90.7
130.4
22.0
131.3
297.9
76.9
27.7
18.4
26.5
35.3
36.5
93.5
134.6
27.2
133.5
305.0
78.1
28.0
18.9
27.0
37.1
3 6 . 6 22
9 3 . 7 23
135. 4 24
2 2 . 3 25
134. 9 26
305. 5 27
7 8 . 2 28
2 8 . 1 29
1 9 . 1 30
2 7 . 2 31
3 7 , 0 32
41.2
737.7
18.7
28.0
84.1
78.4
19.3
118.4
309.3
100.1
25.3
17.4
24.0
15.9
8.2
8.0
7.8
42.1
743.7 187.7 194.9 195.7
2.1
2.0
2.1
18.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
78.5
84.7 13.3 13.7 13.7
78.8 14.8 15.8 16.0
3.3
3.3
3. 3
20.1
119.1 26.1 27.5 27.8
311.4 115.6 117.1 117.2
101.3 19.9 20.7 20.8
4.4
4.4
4.4
25.3
3.9
3.7
3.7
17.7
4.1
4.1
4.1
24.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
16.2
28.2
638.7
13.1
20.0
70.7
56.2
15.2
99.9
276.3
101.6
24.2
13.0
19.3
14.9
29 . 1
672 ,4
13 . 4
20 . 7
73 . 3
59 . 4
15 . 1
104 .5
283 • 2
105 .3
24 . 9
13 . 1
19 . 9
15 . 6
29
673
13
20
73
59
15
105
3.4
3.4
7.5
4.0
3. 4
3 .3
7 0
4 1
3.4
3.4
7.2
4. 1
40.0
706.9
16.8
28.0
82.5
73.9
19.5
113.7
302.4
96.7
23.7
16.6
23.8
15.8
59.3
40.0
6 1 ,6
41 2
*62.0
41.6
233.4
155.1
234.9
155.0
236.4
155.4
58.7
44.0
60.6
45.0
60.9
45.1
193.9
126.4
194 . 3
125 . 6
196 . 0
126 .3
727.5
118.3
220.3
118.4
2 20. 4 33
118. 2 34
54.0
53.5
255.0
29.7
71.7
257.5
29.1
73.8
760.9
29.7
74.3
87.0
38.9
B9.4
5.9
237 .7
2 5 .0
63 . 6
8.5
41 . 1
20 .9
15 . 6
177.9
17.6
50.9
177.9
17.7
50.9
175. 8 35
5.9
230.4
26.2
61.2
2 35 . 1
6.0
23.7
3.2
2.9
52 .9
5 5
12 . 8
1 .3
13 . 7
3.1
2 ,9
10.8
73. R
10.6
10.9
1 7 . 7 36
5 0 . 8 37
6 . 8 38
2 3. 5 39
1 0 . 6 40
1 0 . 8 41
12.0
10.5
8.9
171.6 176. 2 177.3
3.2
4.5
18.9
17.0
4.4
3.
4
19,
17.
4,
23.
3
7
5
5
3
3.3
4.7
19.7
17.7
4.5
23.9
6
2?.7
119.5 119. 3 119.7
13.0 1 8 . 6 18.6
5.5
12.6
5.5
17.9
9.7
6.0
2.8
9.7
6.1
7.9
40.9
20.3
14.6
10.9
10.0
11.0
10.0
11.0
10.0
38.7
33.6
38 . 0
33 . 1
38 c
33 • 7
39.7
32.7
41.1
34. 0
4 1 . 0 42
3 3 . 8 43
33.3
78.4
37.5
78.3
37.5
79.1
146.9
319.3
149 . 1
325 . 2
149 • 2
327 .0
268.0
518.2
265.7
517.7
267. 2 44
520. 3 45
761.3
70.1
69.9
ISO.7
60.2
71,0
121.0
40.3
745.2 187.7 190.8 191.3
67.4 18 .8 20.9 21.0
70.0 26.5 76.4 26.5
149.0 43.0 44.3 43.9
59.7 13.9 14.2 14.2
648
59
48
146
56
631 m 3
57 .4
48 . 3
144 . 1
29.2
10.7
16 . 0
95 • 2
38 . 3
55 .7
16
93 • G
36 .3
557.3
38.6
50.4
84.0
36.2
24.5
70.4
25.0
579.7
39.1
50.6
84.5
36.1
24.4
70.8
26.2
580. 5 46
119.1
39.5
615.9
56.9
47.4
143.1
55.2
15.4
91.3
35.3
415.5
214.2
18.2
15.6
17.2
17.3
432.3
221.6
18.3
15.3
16.3
18.2
433.4
2?2.0
18.3
15.5
16.3
18.2
98.2 100.0 100.1
56.5
57.4 57.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.7
4.6
4.5
5.4
5.3
5.A
3.7
3.7
3.fl
275.3
143.2
13.1
292 .<
147 .2
13 . i
10 • t
15 . <
13 • C
367.5
128.3
26.7
17.9
30.1
13.7
376.1
133.9
26.7
17.9
30.0
375. 1 54
134. 0 55
14.5
12.4
292 . 5
147 . 1
13 • 6
10 a
15 • 6
13 . i
14.3
26. 7 56
17. 8 57
3 0 . 0 58
14.
59
86.0
73.3
87.0
74.1
86.8
74.0
73.4
60.5
76 . 7
63 • 1
77 . (
85.9
73.7
8 7.8
75.2
8 7 . 2 60
74.
61
49.9
1.3
9.1
9.3
9.4
36.5
20.7
14.9
37.0
21.0
3.0
36.6
20.5
14.6
15.1
1.5
9.6
6.0
2.7
12 . 1
10 .6
12.0
10.6
51.7
42.5
51.1
42.1
51.2
42.4
29.0
65.1
29 . 0
65 , 4
?9.i
65.*5
64.9
262.9
65.9
266.8
66.1
269.1
180.1
13.8
21.2
57.9
11.6
137 .8
13 , 4
187.0
13.5
21 . 2
21.2
58 . 5 5 8 . 8
11.7
11 . 7
26.7
6.7
719.9
69.5
68.4
149.9
59.1
19 .9
120.0
38.6
11 5. ft 120 . 4 120.3
6 9 .8
70.0
68,7
4.1
4 .1
4.0
3.0
3• 0
2.9
4.2
4 .2
4.2
8.6
.6
8.1
3.2
L
7
t" • C
26.3
6.7
2 5,6
21.5
&
5
T . 3
26 . 9
6 .7
25 . 7
21 . 7
?5.9
2ll 8
c
24 . 3
63 . 2
3.4
40 . 6
20 . 1
15 . 3
13.8
1.3
14.0
.3
.1
23.5
21.2
51.3 51.5
1.6
1 .6
29.7
11.3
24.4
22. C
29.5
11.3
24.4
22.G
8.1
9.9
.5
.7
.2
•3
•6
63 •-
6.7
9.9
6.8
4
7
9
2
4
71. 3
39.
50.
83.
36.
24.
47
48
49
50
51
52
26. 2 53
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
{In thousands)
Mining
Total
Manufacturing
Contract construction
State and area
DAHO
Boise City
MAY
1 9 76
1977
MAY
1977P
1976
288.4
65.6
300.6
68.4
304.8
69.1
3.2
(1)
,565.0
48.0
66.9
(*)
,034.3
153.6
53.0
144.6
114.4
79.1
26.7
(3)
(3)
<*>
4.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
LLINOIS
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul . . .
Chicago-Gary
Chicago SMSA ?
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline .
Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
45.7
67.2
(*)
2. 99 8 . 5
151 .5
51.3
145.5
111.0
78.3
NDIANA
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago ?
Indianapolis
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,013.6
112.7
155.8
236.0
464.4
47.7
101.0
56.8
IOWA2
Cedar Rapids2
DesMoines2
Dubuque 2
Sioux City2
Waterloo-Cedar Falls2..
1,021.6
75.1
155.5
40.1
50.1
57.9
830.6
75.5
171.9
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
,533
47
67
i
,043
153
54
143
114
77
MAY
1976
1977
MAY
977P
MAY
1976
1977
MAY
1977P
3.1
(1)
16.5
5.1
17.4
5.1
19.1
5.3
50.7
6.6
52.6
6.8
52.3
6.9
27.2
(3)
(3)
(*)
4.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
175.3
1.2
2.9
<*)
108.0
5.7
3.4
8.5
3.3
3.9
164.1
1.1
2.8
<*)
103.8
5.4
3.4
8.3
3.2
4.2
76.4
1.3
3.0
(*)
09.6
5.5
3.6
8.7
3.6
4.4
1,189.4 1,213.7
7.4
6.5
6.2
6.2
<•)
(*)
819.9
799.4
48. 0
50.2
17.7
19.2
50.8
49.5
51.9
49.3
6.6
8.2
,217.1
7.5
6.2
(*)
828.2
49.9
18.2
49.2
51.2
8.3
APR. MAY
1977 1977P
3.5
(1)
27.0
(3)
(3)
<*)
4.3
(3)
(3)
( ?>
13)
(3)
2,044.6 2 , 0 6 2 . 4
113.8
112.3
160.7
158.7
241.9
237.5
475.5
471.7
49.4
49.3
103.4
103.4
57.5
57.2
8.8
2.4
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
1.1
7.3
2. 3
(1)
(1)
( 1)
<1>
(1)
1.1
8.1
2.4
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
l.l
81.8
5.3
6.6
12.7
17.2
1.6
4.0
2.1
77.3
4.8
6.1
12.8
16.6
1.8
4.1
1.3
82. 5
5.1
6.4
13.5
17.6
1.3
4.2
2.1
682.6
3 6.5
54.8
97.6
120.3
15.0
29.9
15.4
697.0
36.4
57.6
.99.1
122.2
15.0
32.4
15.0
702.1
36.9
58.3
101.1
122.9
15.0
31.9
15.3
r033.2
75.4
158.8
40.7
48.7
59.1
1,036.5
75.8
156.1
40.9
47.5
59.3
2.8
(1)
<1>
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
2.3
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
3.0
< 1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
46.6
3.2
7.0
1.2
3.0
2.1
44.9
2.9
6.7
1.0
3.8
2.1
41.3
2.9
3.8
l.l
2.2
2.0
231.4
27.3
21.9
16.2
12.7
20.3
237.9
27.7
23.9
16.4
10.4
21 M
238.2
27.6
22.9
16.3
10.6
21.1
851.8
79.0
175.0
857.5
79.4
176.1
10.5
.2
1.7
11.1
.2
1.7
U.I
.2
1.8
42.0
3.2
9.1
42.7
3.3
10.0
44.6
3.4
10.5
162.9
7.9
51.9
167.0
11.4
52.3
167.2
11.4
52.2
56.4
6.9
16.0
58.9
6.7
15.5
60.5
7.1
16.4
273.9
28.8
105.5
276.8
29.9
105.6
278.0
28.6
106.6
102.8 116 .1
22.3
23.5
4.9
4.8
3.4
* 3.3
26.4
27.1
7.6
7.0
16.0
22.9
5.3
3.5
26.9
7.7
191.1
23.6
10.7
7.3
52.6
25.4
192.1
24.6
9.4
7.3
52.2
26.7
195.0
24.7
11.1
7.3
52.5
26.9
KENTUCKY
Lexington—Fayette . . .
Louisville
Itll3.2
126.9
358.4
1,129.6 1,137.7
134.2
135.1
367.4
363.6
46.9
(1)
( 1)
46.9
(1)
(1)
47.0
(1)
(1)
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,288.5
170.7
51.1
43.9
434.5
126.1
1,308.3
173.7
50.2
43.2
436.8
130.1
1,312.9
173.5
52.0
43.6
438.2
130.6
61 . 8
1.0
1.6
.4
14.3
4.6
63.3
1.0
1.6
.4
14.3
4.8
63.9
1.0
1.6
.4
14.9
5.0
374.9
31.6
80.8
378.0
32.9
32/0
385.7
33.2
83.1
(1)
1)
1)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
22.1
1.?
4.1
18.8
1 .1
3.6
21.9
1.2
4.1
101.6
12.0
16.1
103.3
12.6
15.7
104.0
12.7
15.6
42 MARYLAND
43 Baltimore . .
i t 507.3
354.7
1,524.1
862.6
1,538.3
869.4
1.7
( 1)
.7
1)
1.7
( 1)
92.0
43.9
92.7
44.5
95.7
46. 5
232.3
162.9
234.1
163.4
235.6
164.3
44 MASSACHUSETTS
45 Boston
46
Brockton
47
Fall River
48
Lawrence-Haverhill
49
Lowell
50 New Bedford
,
51 Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
52 Worcester
2, 3 1 3 . 9 2 , 3 4 9 . 7
I , 2 b 7 . 7 1,267.5
50.8
49.6
51.8
51.3
95.8
96.0
62.?
6?.O
61.1
59.4
215.3
210.9
147.6
145.3
2,362.9
1,2 73.3
51.0
52.1
96.8
62.8
61.5
217.2
147.6
( 1)
( 1)
1)
1)
(1)
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
( 1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
< 1)
( 1)
(1)
(II
( 1)
(1)
(1)
74.4
42.6
1.5
1.5
2.6
2.3
1.5
5.4
4.0
68.1
38.3
1 .4
1.4
2.3
Z.2
1.5
4.9
3.6
71.4
40.2
1.5
1.4
2.5
2.4
1.6
5.3
3.8
594.6
255.0
11.6
20.9
37.4
21.0
24.0
61.4
43.0
606.2
257.9
11.9
20.6
36.6
21.2
24.9
62.9
44.9
609.5
258.5
12.0
?0.6
37.1
21.5
24.9
64.5
45 .0
101.4
2.5
1.5
1.0
47.1
4.0
9.0
1.6
4.0
4.9
2.1
114.3
2.3
1.2
1.2
54.9
5.5
8.8
1.1
3.6
4.4
2.5
(*)
<*)
(*>
<*)
<*)
(*>
(*>
(*)
(*)
<*)
(•)
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
3,263
53 MICHIGAN
il6
54 Ann Arbor
55 Battle Creek
63
56 Bay City
33
57
Detroit
1 » 62 5
58 Flint
179
59 Grand Rapids
22 8
60 Jackson
4R
61
Kalamazoo-Portage
99
62
Lansing-East Lansing
172
63 Muskegon-Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts
58
See footnotes at end of table.
84
,356.2
125.0
63.3
33.6
,655.3
187.3
234.8
49.8
103.3
177.2
59.2
(*)
<*)
*)
*>
*)
(1)
(1)
C I)
<n
13.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
{ I)
(I)
11.7
( I)
(1)
( 1)
1.2
(1)
< 1)
(1)
(D
< 1)
( 1)
<*)
(*>
(*)
(*)
<*)
(*>
i*)
(*)
(*>
<*>
<*)
1,059.
36.
23.
10.
545.
76,
76,
13,
33,
37.
21.
,036.0
39.4
22.4
10.3
559.1
81.3
80.9
15.6
34.8
40.6
22.1
(*)
<*)
(*>
<*)
(*1
<*)
(*)
<*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
^ Y
1976
17.1
3.9
273.6
3.0
2.5
(*)
Wholesale and retail trade
1977 1977P
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
17.9
19.2
72.5
4.2
4.3
17.8
76.8
18.3
^*Y
275.5 277.6
3.0
2.6
(*)
3.0
2.5
(*)
187.3 196.0 137.4
7.6
4.0
7.6
4.4
5.0
7.5
4.2
7.7
4.9
5.2
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
7.5
4.2
7.8
4.9
5.3
101.2 102.1 102.8
1977P
WAY
1976
APR. MAY
1977 1977P
77.6
18. 5
15.1
5.1
16.5
16.6
5.5
5.5
MAY
1,033.2 1,041.7 1,050.3 255.9 260.9 262.3
10.9
6.7
10.9
6.7
10.3
6.4
2.0
14.3
2.0
2.0
14.4
15.0
6.9
6.8
21.3
21.5
6.2
8.3
256.5
15.3
40.7
259.3
15.4
41.2
47.5
48.2
48.8
3.5
3.6
3.6
17.4
17.7
17.S
184.5
12.9
30.8
1.1
2.5
1.6
1.1
2.5
l.l
2.5
10.1
8.3
8.3
11.8
12.5
56.4
57.3
53.3
41.5
7.0
8.9
208.1
17.1
38.1
41.4
7.0
3.8
206.6
17.0
37.9
40.0
7.1
3.7
202.7
17.0
37.8
5.5
8.7
5.6
9.0
5.6
9.0
60.7
62.3
62.4
5.7
5.9
5.9
22.6
22.6
239.2
31.5
82.5
43.9
S.O
2 36.3
31.2
31.2
43.7
5.9
233.4
23.4
79.7
43.3
5.3
22.2
19.4
20.1
20.2
293.1
32.9
11.4
11.1
111.2
32.9
293.6
33.0
11.4
ir.3
111.8
33.2
61.1
60.8
61.0
9.4
2.?
3.0
9.5
2.3
3.1
9.6
2.3
3.2
26.6
26.7
26.7
5.7
5.9
S.I
3.0
2.3
8.4
3.0
2.3
3.5
3.0
2.3
4 4.3
45.0
45. 0
9.3
9.4
9.3
298.6
33.5
11.2
11.2
110.3
31.7
17.5
18.0
78.4
80.3
3?.l
14.5
1.2
5.2
7.2
7.5
7.6
5.0
l.l
4.9
20.9
22.2
22.5
1.3
6.3
73.6
54.5
7 3.6
54.8
79.3
55. ?
359.7
193.4
364.7
196.0
367.8
197.2
80.0
48.7
113.? 111.3 I l l . 4
66. 5
68.5
66.6
3.7
3.7
3 .5
519.0
292.3
13.8
10.4
19.6
13.5
11.8
44.5
31.6
527.9
2 93.8
14.1
11.0
19.5
13.5
11.9
44.0
31.9
6 7 2.2
16.4
10.5
685.3
17.2
10.6
(*
8.4
8.4
(*
326.1
35.2
53.8
325.5
36.5
54.4
K
•ft
3.5
6.5
6.6
21.1
8.2
11.8
12.5
i*
3.5
6.3
1.4
4.7
1.9
8.0
• *
9.0
1.4
4.7
1.9
11.9
12.5
•*
27.2
1.5
5.5
1.8
1.6
3.5
2.2
6.2
9.5
4.4
3.?
4.2
3.0
27.7
291.4
21.0
23.8
31.2
74.3
1.6
3.5
2.2
6.?
9.3
4.3
3.2
4.0
2.8
201.6 21
9.3
33.1
288.5
20.6
23.6
31.0
73.6
1.6
3.5
2.2
79.1
201.6
9.1
3 2.:,
32.8
285.3
20.6
23.4
30.tt
72.6
10.4
31.6
200.3
7.9
3.9
9.2
7.9
10.3
*
188.9
13.2
32.7
91.6
3.9
10.?
*
335.7
12.0
15.5
29.6
84.2
10.9
11.8
10.7
91.0
3.9
8.9
7.7
253.9
15.5
40.4
is
338.6
12.0
15.4
29.3
34.2
10.8
11.8
11.7
90.7
3.6
2.2
2.1
1.9
327.2
12.1
15.3
29.9
82.4
10.6
11.9
10.6
448.?
?6.4
37.3
44.3
114.6
11.6
. ?4.3
13.9
54.9
2.1
2.1
1.9
411.6
25.7
442.2
26.2
36.8
43.3
113.5
11.5
24.1
13.9
3.6
146.1 1V4.7
732.1
11.5
29.2
436.0
25.9
36.8
43.3
111,1
10.5
23.8
13.6
54.5
3.7
726.3
11.2
30.0
<*)
420.6
25.7
5.3
16.2
12.2
26.0
23.9
15.9
13.1
9.6
3.S
2. 7
823.7
7.2
32.0
22.6
15.5
54.6
6. 5
818.3
7.2
802.3
7.2
9.6
(*)
1.9
5.0
3.9
6.9
65.8
16.5
590.9
20.5
1.9
5.0
3.9
3 .3
65.0
15.9
9.6
<•)
(*>
1.9
4.3
4.0
1.9
3.5
3.0
51.1
12.0
588.8
20.5
•9.4
24.7
16.2
13.3
(*)
10.2
14.3
28. 8
1.9
3.4
3.0
2.7
8.7
6.6
50.1
12.0
48.3
11.2
9.3
<*)
(*)
10.1
14.1
28.3
1.9
3.5
3.0
2.6
APR.
1977
MAY
577.5
20.9
<*)
10.0
14.0
23.2
1S.1
I .?
MAY
1976
APfl.
1977
742.9 19 4.0 196.7 197. P
6.3
6.3
6.3
38.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
10.3
32.6
6.6
6.8
6.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
22.9
6.6
6.5
6.5
15.2
m
6.1
99.6 100.5 100.3
1977P
1976
MAY
737.8
37.8
10.4
32.1
22.7
15.2
(*)
707.3
37.3
6.1
6.0
Government
Services
9.7
9.7
13.5
31.6
10.6
19.8
32.2
10.8
9. 1
1 .6
I .7
9.0
8.6
186.3
13.1
32.3
8.310.2
9.1
25.0
16.4
14.0
10.3
(*)
5.2
14.4
12.0
25.4
MAY
1977P
66.8
16.6
1
2
730.5
3
11.5
4
29. 1 5
(*)
6
423.2
7
25.7
8
5.2
9
14.5 10
12.2 11
25.5 12
9.4
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
27.3 23
3.5
6.6
10.6
24
25
26
9.1
9.3
10.3
10.6
142.1
14.0
32.0
147.6
14.2
31.8
148.9
14.3
32.1
174.0
20.8
22.1
178.1
20.3
23.5
177.8 27
20.4 28
23.5 29
178.4
22.9
65.0
181.2
24.6
66.8
182.6
24.2
67.7
220.2
28.9
50.6
223.5
30.9
51.7
224. 1 30
30.9 31
51.3 32
219.6
25.1
225.0
25.0
225.1
25.0
253.9
47.7
256.9
48.8
257.5 33
48.8 34
8.9
8.S
6.8
8.7
6.7
8.6
6.7
3.8
9.6
8.9
8.9
5.9
90.2
?1.3
91.8
22.1
91.7
22.0
69.1
20.6
68.7
20.7
68.7 37
20.6 38
14.9
14.9
63.0
64.3
65.8
77.2
78.9
79.0 39
1.4
6.7
1.4
6.8
5.3
6.2
6.1
2.9
3.0
15.7
15.7
16.1
12.7
13.2
12.8 41
80.4
48.9
81.2
49.3
288.5
158.9
2 93.7
162.1
297.9
163.5
.3 74.5
192.4
378.2
192.9
379.1 42
193.4 43
533.1 135.4 135.7 136.0
295.3 92.8
94.0 94.3
1.7
1.8
1.8
14.0
2.3
?.3
2.3
11.1
3.4
3.5
19.8
3.5
1.9
1.9
1.9
13.7
1.7
1.3
11.9
1.8
10.9
10.8
10.6
44.3
3.1
8.0
8.0
32.2
511.1
324.1
527.9
325.3
530.9
328.0
366.2
192.4
372.6
191.1
370.6 44
190.5 45
7.9
8.5
8.4
3.7
8.6
3.9
9.6
5.8
9.5
5.9
9.4
5.9
13.8
13.9
14.1
9.7
9.9
9.9
15.7
10.6
16.6
10.5
16.3
10.4
10.0
37.5
27.5
10.4
39.4
28.7
10.6
39.4
28.4
7.7
8.0
3.0
42.7
24.3
44.6
23.3
44.1
23.7
136.4 137.6
539.0
16.9
10.7
563.9
17.6
11.1
*)
595.1
39.4
1?.3
612.6
42.3
12.4
5. 1
252.9
27.9
29.6
( *
[ V
; *
3.3
3.5
1.0
3.5
3.5
78.6
l.l
80.2
5.1
3.3
1.5
3.3
7.8
1.6
5.3
8.5
1.5
3.4
n.2
1.7
<*
(*
(*
(*
(*
( *
(*
(*
(«
<
•
*
6.0
5.6
5.1
293.7
23.8
42.4
302.3
24.6
43.1
*
251.6
28.1
29.5
*
8.6
8.6
*
19.4
6 3.3
10.5
21.0
63.5
10.5
8.4
8.9
17.1
23.6
17.4
24.1
8.8
8.6
8.7
8.9
3.0
35
36
40
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
!*
*
57
58
59
60
61
62
* ) 63
*
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Manufacturing
Contract construction
Mining
State and area
MICHIGAN-Continued
Saginaw
2 MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI 2 ...
Kansas City .2
St. Joseph 2 .
St. Louis 2 ..
Springfield2.
4
19 76
1977
MAY
1977P
8 1.0
34.2
(*)
1,528.7
56.7
917.1
,531.1
54.2
926.2
,562.4
54.8
941.3
730.7
122.?
751.5
124.3
MA Y
1976
1977
MAY
1977P
VAY
1976
APR. KAY
1977 1977P
MAY
1977P
1976
1977
31. 8
34.3
315.8
7.7
323.2
6.9
206.6
320.2
7.0
210.0
(*)
(1)
( *)
2.3
2.2
15.2
(1)
(1)
14.3
(1)
ID
15.5
( 1)
(1)
68.1
2.2
33.9
53.6
1.6
31 .2
61.7
1.9
35.2
757.2
124.4
6.9
1.0
7.6
1.0
7.3
1.0
39.6
6.8
43.2
7.1
44.5
7.4
220. 1
18.1
223.6
18.3
226.2
18.4
1,753.3 1,779.9 1 , 7 8 5 . 6
552.7
548.0
554.0
35.7
36.1
36.1
908.8
915.7
915.0
71.9
73.3
73.3
8.3
.6
(3)
2.6
.2
8.1
.T
< 3)
2.7
.1
S.2
. 7
( 3)
2.8
.1
68.1
25.4
1.7
40.9
2.5
68.5
17.0
1 .9
36 .4
415.4
110.5
9.6
240.4
3.1
70.2
17.5
1.9
36.8
2.8
428.1
113.8
9.9
248.4
16.3
425.9
114.0
10.0
245. 3
16.5
{ 1)
I*)
17.5
212.1
12 MONTANA . . .
13
Billings 1 . . . .
Great Falls 4 ..
243.3
38.4
26.3
248.5
42.3
29.6
251.3
42.6
29.9
5.8
(1)
(I)
5.5
(I)
(1 )
5.7
( 1)
(1)
13.7
2.2
1.7
11.9
2.1
1.7
12.9
2.0
1.3
22.7
3.3
1.7
23.1
3.8
1.9
23.8
3 .9
1.9
NEBRASKA"
Lincoln 4 .
Omaha *
577.1
88.8
239.8
581.3
92.7
241.7
582.9
92.8
244.2
i .7
(3)
( 3)
2.0
(3)
( 3)
1.9
(3)
(3)
32.0
4.5
11.9
26.8
3.8
11.0
27.5
3.8
11 .4
11.4
33.0
89.1
13.4
35.6
89.5
13.4
35.8
NEVADA
Las Vegas .
Reno
153.3
79.7
293.3
161.2
83.6
299.6
164.2
85.2
3.6
.2
.3
3.6
.2
.4
3.7
.2
.4
15.0
8.6
4.4
16.0
8.8
4.9
16.5
9.1
5.0
12.9
5.2
5.4
13.6
5.4
5.5
13.7
5.4
5.6
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester .
Nashua
310.6
60.2
45.8
321.1
63.0
47.5
328.1
64.2
48.3
.5
(3)
( 3)
.4
<3)
( 3)
• 5
(3)
(3)
14.4
2.7
1.5
14.6
2.7
2.0
16.4
3. I
2.2
94.3
17.5
20.9
97.9
18.2
21.5
98 .7
18.5
21.9
3.0
95.7
3.1
12.9
89.7
2.9
12.8
4.1
5.9
8.4
29.4
5.1
2.7
1.4
12.2
4.6
6.0
3.3
26.8
5.0
2.9
1 .1
97.5
3.2
12.1
13.9
5.2
6.6
8.7
27.3
6.5
2.9
l.l
755.0
8.6
6 4.3
105.6
74.7
21.0
81. 7
23 8. 7
65.4
36. 8
18.6
25.7
10.0
26.9
10.7
23.3
11.3
30. 0
16.2
NEW JERSEY
....
2, 737.9 2 , 7 6 5 . 2 2,805.6
Atlantic City
66.5
65.7
63.3
Camden . 6 . . . .
296.6
294.0
294.3
7
Hackensack
364.9
355.?
362.3
Jersey City 7
229.1
230.3
225.5
Long Branch-Asbury Park
143.4
137.3
1 39.9
New Burns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville 1
246.1
244.2
243.4
7
Newark
866.2
855.4
8 50.0
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic Z
182.5
173.7
L80.1
Trenton
155.-5
148.8
155.3
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
51.9
51.5
51.8
36
NEW MEXICO .
Albuquerque
NEW YORK
Albany—Schenectady—Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County 8
Nassau-Suffolk 9
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 7 . .
New York SMSA 9
New York City ^
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County 1 0 . ,
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 10
390.7
155.8
86
409.7
163.0
6,781 ,P 6*720.7
309.7
314.5
108.3
107.8
490.8
48 8.5
35.6
37.9
316.5
316. 9
804.6
802.8
6, 220.8
4 , 3 9 5 . 3 4,351.3
3 , 5 9 ? . 5 3,546.8
3 , 2 0 3 . 3 3,157.9
86.4
86.5
347.5
387.4
71.4
72.6
240.2
233.6
109.4
111.4
306.7
305.7
NORTH CAROLINA4
2,042.2
Asheville4
61.1
4
Charlotte-Gastonia
278.2
4
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Pt .
J40.2
Raleigh-Durham4
216.2
See footnotes at end of table.
403.7
161.0
2,099.7
62.3
283.4
347.4
222.0
2,104.2
6?.7
285.5
346.3
?19. 7
2.8
.1
(1)
• L
11)
..1
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.9
(I)
( I)
.9
( 1)
( 1)
( L)
(1)
( 1)
1.0
(1)
( 1)
( 1 )
(n
20.8
( 1)
22.3
(1)
23.3
(1)
191.6 171.1
9 .0
11.0
3.9
4.1
17.2
17.3
1 .2
1.7
9.1
8.7
27.7
32.8
175.0 160.4
115.2 104.2
82.4
76.5
67.0
63.1
2.6
2.8
10.7
10.7
2.0
1 .4
9.5
8.3
3.1
2.7
12.7
11 .4
7.4
( 1)
(1)
{1 )
{ L)
(1)
( 1)
3.4
2.1
2.0
L.7
(1)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
7.0
( 1)
( I)
(1 )
( 1)
(1 )
( 1)
3.3
1.9
1. 3
1.6
(I)
( 1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(*)
(*)
<*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
4.5
(1)
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
4.9
(L)
( 1)
(1)
( II
5 . 0 105.0
3.2
(1)
14.6
( L)
(1)
15.2
(1)
10.8
(**
(*)
<*)
(*)
( *t
<*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
<*)
11.7
101.5
3.3
13.8
15.0
10.8
<*
(*
(A
(*
(*
(*
(*
<*
(*
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*>
(*)
(*>
(*)
(•)
104.5
3.5
14.6
15.5
11.1
750
7
65
105
69
22
80
238
64
37
19
759.2
8.1
66.0
105.5
72.9
22.5
81 .9
240.1
65.1
37.5
18.9
31.0
15.3
31.5
16.0
1 , 4 4 1 . 3 1,440.0
60.9
62. 1
39.6
38.9
143.9
142.1
11.4
12.4
126.7
126. 1
145.8
144.6
1,335.2 i t 3 2 7 . 7
769.4
769.0
623.6
624.5
543.4
546. 0
28.2
28.0
145.1
143.7
14.5
14.1
56.0
55.1
29.6
30.4
64.4
63.3
<•)
(*)
{*)
<*>
<*)
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
{*)
780.8
19.8
81.5
137.4
35.8
781.9
20.1
81.9
137.6
35.4
753.3
20.1
79.5
136.3
35.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
Wholesale and retail trade
public utilities
MAY
A o ?, .
1976
197 7 1977P
3.9
3.9
<*)
30.0
91. 7
93 .3
6.5
6.0
6.1
57.1
53.6
59.0
34.5
7 .4
35.1
35.3
7.6
7.6
123.7 123.0 124. 7
30.2
49.3
50.5
2.4
Finance, insurance,
2.3
64. 3
64.7
5.1
5.?
5.3
19.0
19.9
2.9
1.3
3.3
2.0
MAY
1977P
1976
1977
16.2
16.7
386.4
14.9
230.4
390.5
14.6
2 34.4
399.2
14.8
238.4
141.2
28.2
147.1
28.3
407.4
141.0
404. 9
142.7
8.7
2.3
63.5
MAY
19 76
9.0
APR . VAY
1977 1977P
2.0
56.9
57.9
58.4
293.2
11.7
185.5
300.9
11.4
188.5
303.4
11.4
190.2
282.9
11.7
146.6
281.1
11.7
145.6
287.0 2
11.8 3
148.1 4
148.4
?8.3
28.6
29.5
29.6
9.5
9.7
9.7
103.3
23.7
106.0
24.2
107.0
24.2
156.6
27.6
159.2
28.1
158.4 5
2 7.8 6
407.9
144.0
93.6
36.5
1 .6
48.6
94.0
37.2
1 .6
49.0
94.4
37.3
315.8
105.5
322.4
105.0
325.8
105.9
321.0
84.0
330.9
81.8
328.5 7
83.1 8
49.1
2.7
2.9
10.5
1.8
1.6
9.0
62.8
13.4
61.0
13.9
62.1
14.1
2.0
8.0
8.8
8.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
2.9
175.2
14.1
133.0
10.8
134.0
11.3
134.4 10
11.3 11
11.0
11.0
46.9
47.6
47.4
66.9
68.5
68.4 12
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
7.4
5.4
8.5
7.0
8.6
7.0
7.4
6.1
8.5
6.1
8 . 4 13
6 . 3 14
105.9
15.5
51.9
108.6
15.7
50.2
109.5
15.7
51.5
122.5
26.2
40.7
121.8
27.1
4 3.0
122.3 15
26.9 16
43.5 17
115.5
72.4
27.6
121.4
75.9
29.2
124.8
77.7
30.0
47.7
20.4
14.5
49.0
21.9
13.9
49.3 18
21.9 19
14. 0 20
57.7
11.0
58.6
11.7
60.3
11.8
50.2
51.3
51.6 21
6.3
6.7
6.9
4.6
7.1
4.5
7 . 2 22
4 . 5 23
37.1
6.3
21.3
19.3
20.5
20.5
13.4
10.2
6. 1
13.6
10.4
6. 1
56.3
30.9
17.7
59.4
32.4
19.1
61.0
33.1
19.5
11.1
11.9
12.0
9.7
5.6
5.9
4.2
6.4
4.5
6.4
4.6
12. 1
12.2
12.3
I .3
9.2
9.5
72.4
15.2
9. 5
15.9
3.9
70.4
1^.9
15.7
3.9
1.8
67.0
14.2
14.9
3.7
1.8
4.2
1.5
4.5
1.5
4.5
1.6
175.5 175.5 177.4
611.5
17.6
78.0
104.5
42.2
34.4
54.3
166.8
40.4
23.3
5.S
5.4
15.7
64.0
16.2
62.?
6.7
5.2
3.0
6.9
5.1
2.9
23.6
2 4.2
24.4
8.6
9.2
9.2
426.9 422.3
14.6
14.6
4.1
4.2
26.9
74.7
1.3
1.3
10. 1
14.9
453.4
319.3
?84.9
263. 3
9. 5
3 5.2
4 4 6. 6
314.7
27 9.5
218. 8
2.9
2.9
12.7
12.0
3.4
3.4
13.5
13.6
3.9
3.8
1 7.5
16.7
96.0
5.2
2.9
••'-
•
*
97. 4
3.4
3.4
25.5
19.6
2 6.1
19.8
?6.?
19.7
9.3
9.3
<5 . 8
507.4
16.3
52.9
68 .4
28.4
35.1
33.2
169.1
28.3
?8.8
8.0
8.1
2.4
2.4
2.5
7.4
7.6
7.6
90.7
40.4
92.5
41.4
94.7
42.2
16.9
17.2
17.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
73.4
35.3
77.2
37.6
78.4
37.8
109.6
36.3
i t 467,4 1,477.4
61.5
61.0
14.9
15. 5
89 . 3
88.3
(*>
(*)
*)
)
96. 9
499.1
14.3
53.0
67.8
28.6
33.4
33.0
167.6
28.1
38.5
6.8
8.1
)
3.2
637.3 137.6 142.2 142.9
4.6
17.5
4.4
4.6
13.9
80.4
14.2
14.2
14. 1 14.3
104.8 13.9
41.5
8.6
a.9
8.8
6.1
35.4
5.4
6.2
8.4
8.6
8.4
53.5
58.9 59.3
164.1 58.5
8.6
9.0
9.0
40.1
5.9
6.2
23.4
6.0
6.0
468.3
13.4
54.9
33.4
42.5
32.1
43.2
136.4
24.4
38.9
10.6
( «) 1*400.6 1,391.0
61.5
60.4
( *)
19.4
19.0
*)
107.1
110.2
*)
8.2
8.2
(. )
58.8
59.3
[* )
209.6
213.5
1,3 32.8 1,325.6
924.6
923. 8
715 .0
710.2
I*)
625.4
619.6
*' )
{ - )
14.7
14.4
74.9
75.6
* )
15.3
15.1
* )
53.8
53.3
(* )
20.5
2 0.8
*)
v)
72.7
71.0
39 3.1
12.5
67.0
6 7.3
4 2.6
404.4
I?.8
67.2
69.0
42.8
;*
569.5 575.0
13.8
13.3
;*
•
[ *
', *
I *
[ *
*
*
3.5
3.5
20.4
21.1
1.0
1.0
13.7
43.9
572.1
47 3.9
429.9
411 .4
14.3
44. 1
577.0
477.6
433.5
414.7
2.5
2.5
15.2
15.6
.'<
ix
* )
a
," 1
2.3
2.1
14.3
14.4
5.0
5.3
(*1
15.9
16.3
405.2
12.8
67.4
69.1
42. c
82.0
82.9
82.8
2.3
2.7
2.7
17.1
14.7
13.2
18.2
15.8
13.7
18.3
15.5
13. *i
1*1
f V
( *
9
5.8
6.3
14.5
17.0
29.4
5. 5
15.2
63. 0
6. 7
(*)
175.3
14.4
37.0
L4.2
17.0
?9.6
(*)
1 76.6
13.8
1.6
6.1
626.2
16.7
79.3
104.4
41.2
34.6
5?.9
1 63.3
40.0
23.3
1
79.1
20.0
3. 4
15.1
13.2
29.1
11.6
1977P
2.0
206. 7
20.3
3.3
11.3
MAY
78.7
205.6
2 0.0
3.3
AP*.
1977
2.0
203.2
19.3
3.4
MAY
1976
7 7.?
35.4
17.5
1977P
11.9
153.6
20.6
60.2
21.7
11.'»
MAY
(*)
154.7
20.5
60.2
5.9
AP°.
1977
3.8
152.2
19.2
61 .3
41.2
6.0
MAY
1976
3.5
(*)
41.4
6. 1
?1.4
VI . 3
Government
Services
and real estate
* )
X)
491.5
15.2
54.8
61.9
29.1
32.9
32.3
160.7
28.1
36.0
6.4
6.4
59.3
59.9
172.3
170.3
1,344.1 1,356.2
1,032.5 1,032.7
860.5
0 62.2
7 69.8
768.8
15.4
15.3
70.2
70.3
15.7
15.5
47.7
45.5
19.0
18.9
73.9
74.8
278.7
10.2
40.7
45.4
43.9
2 39.9
10.4
42.1
47.2
47.0
*)
&)
430.9
13.5
56.4
41.0
42.9
32.1
44.2
142.3
26.8
41.5
10.8
111.9
37.7
111.7 35
37.8 36
6.2
30.7
37.9
166.6
166.0
x: J 1,043.3 1,024.0
758.3
727.2
* )
*)
591.6
561.2
* )
487.9
518.7
20.6
20.3
': * )
58.3
*)
59.3
19.5
19.2
* )
46.9
46.9
* )
28.5
29.2
; t- j
50.5
51.2
*)
*)
289.6
10.3
42.5
47.3
45.7
329.6
24
479.1
13.6
56. 1
40.9
42.7
32.1
44.6
142.0
26.9
41.6
10.6
1,277.0 1,237.0
90.5
89.6
22.8
22.6
86.0
84.3
6.3
5.6
338.4
(*)
<•)
<*)
<*>
{*)
(*)
(* )
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
m
(*)
(•)
(*)
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
337.8 54
9.6
9.9
9 . 9 55
33.3
41.7
60.5
34.5
43.2
62.1
34.6 56
42.2 57
61.0 58
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mininfl
State and mrmm
1 NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moornead
2
4
f>
fi
7
R
q
10
11
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Toledo
Youngstown—Warren
MAY
1977P
2.7
16. 3
15. 5
15. 8
15. 0
14.8
(3)
3. 9
3. 3
5. 0
5. 0
5.0
MAY
1976
215. 5
56. 0
219. 6
56. 8
224. 4
57. 8
?.4
2.6
(3)
(3)
4 , 1 1 5 . 2 4 , 1 8 7 . 7 4 , 226. 7
256. 5
254. 4
242. 0
149. 8
148. 3
146. 5
554. 2
548. 7
544. 0
678. 4
867. 4
872. 6
468. 4
467. I
455. 0
339. 4
341. I
333. 4
295. 2
293. 1
285. 6
208. 4
206. 5
205. 8
28.3
28.6
.3
.8
.3
.3
.4
1.4
.7
.4
.5
.3
.3
44.9
48.5
10.6
16.3
49.0
10.7
16.5
44. 7
15. 4
1? O K L A H O M A
.
13
Oklahoma City
14
Tulsa
975. 0
335. ?
?50. 6
IS O R E G O N
Eugene-Springfield
16
17
Jackson County .
1R
Portland
19
Salem
869. ft
888. 9
899. 3
89. 1
92. 3
94. 5
458. ?
468. 6
473. 4
•4
.7
.4
.6
9.9
16.1
1.5
1.4
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
MAY
18. I
3, 8
2 8 . 3 157. 2 150. 2 157. 4 1 , 2 9 0 . 2 1 , 3 2 4 . 9 1 , 333.0
83. 9
6. 7
73. 9
6. 3
.3
84.0
7. 0
54. 5
54. 7
5. 6
5. 4
55.3
•8
5. 5
.4
158.2
156. 4
1-55. 9
2 2 . 8 22. 0 2 2 . 8
29. 0
271.0
269. 5
266. 6
27. 9
1.4
30. 0
97. 3
93. 2
17. 0
17. 3
17. 8
97.0
.1
10. 9
11. 4
.4
108.4
107. 4
103. 3
11 . 6
8
7
.
0
84. 5
.5
11. 8
86.7
U . 2 12. 0
81.9
81. 3
82. 0
6. 0
6. 2
6. 6
.3
45. 0
45. 3
154. 0
161. 0
14. 7
17. 5
15. 1
18. 4
15. 4
40. 6
52. 3
44. 1
53. 2
1.4
(1)
35. 3
3. 5
35. 6
4. 3
36. 0
4. 6
187. 4
191. 1
19. 3
19. 7
(1)
<1)
19 .4
17 .9
3, 6
18. 0
3. 3
7. 0
91. 6
7. 3
93. 8
10. 7
10. 3
. . .
71. 6
7 3 .?
73. 5
4 , 510. 5 4 5 0 2 , 6 4 , 5?9. 5
258. 2
2 56. 4
256. 5
5? 6
51, 8
50. 7
1 , 505. ft 1 , 4 9 5 , ,7 I t 506. 5
1 1 0 ,?
1 1 1 .?
108. ft
?05, 5
205 .0
203. ?
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Delaware Valley 1 1
Erie
Harrisburg
( 1)
( 1)
48.6
( 1)
(1)
( 11
49.0
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
9.2
Johnstown
89. ?
89 ,3
Lancaster
135. X
136, ?
(1)
228
231 3
\ ,799. 4 1 »790
806, 5
795
896
9 0 4 .7
129. ?
131
81 .9
8 1 .1
124 .7
121 .5
44 , 4
44, 0
140 .1
133 ,ft
1.4
(1)
(1)
Northeast Pennsylvania
.
Philadelphia SMSA
. . .
l2
. . .
Philadelphia City
1977
MAY
1977P
965. 4
332. 3
248. 0
21
7?
73
74
75
78
77
78
79
30
11
3?
33
34
3*>
36
MAY
1976
APP.
1977
930. R
316. 4
243. ft
?n
APP. MAY
19 77 1977P
APR.
1976
APR. MAY
197 7 1977P
MAY
1976
1.4
Manufacturing
Contract construction
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton 1 . 3
WilkevBerre-Hazleton
14
Williamsport
York
37 R H O D E I S L A N D
38
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket
39 SOUTH C A R O L I N A
Charleston—North Charleston
40
41
Columbia
42
Greenville—Spartanburg
43 SOUTH D A K O T A 2
44
Rapid City 2
45
Sioux Falls 2
46 TENNESSEE?
47
Chattanooga.4
48
Knoxville 4 . . :
4Q
Memphis 4
50
Nashville-Davidson 4 .
11.8
(I)
( 1)
82 6
1 ? 1 .ft
43. 4
140 ,4
< 1)
( 1)
1)
1.2
(1)
(1)
12 . 1
11 . 8
12 . 6
12. 5
12 .1
12. 9
122. 3
137. 3
123, 8
138. 3
124.0
138.6
1.8
( 1)
61 .4
61 .0
61 .0
371 ,7
374 .5
9 .6
6 .8
10 . 2
6 .9
10 .4
6 .9
17. 0
2 3 ,2
17. 7
23 . 1
( 1)
13 .2
12 .5
12 .6
101, 7
101 .0
378.2
18.0
23.0
100.9
2.6
2.6
9 .3
8 .6
9 .3
21 .7
20 .5
20.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
? .0
2 •6
2 .0
2 .7
1 .9
3 .2
2. 3
6 .3
2. 3
7 .0
2.3
6.9
9.5
1.1
1.7
.2
8.8
1.1
1.7
.1
9.0
1.0
1.8
( 1)
78 . 2
6 .5
Tl . 0
15 • 4
17 . 8
80 . 5
6 .6
12 . 1
15 . 9
17 . 9
486. 1
( 1)
72 . 6
5 .7
8 .9
14 . 5
16 . 9
370 .0
382 .0
373. 0
385 3
1 043 .0 1 , 0 7 6 . 5
124 .9
122
1 4 9 ->>
156 . 0
1 , 083 8
125 .8
155 • 8
L.8
1 ,
1)
(1)
M)
232 .9
234 . 0
2 34 . 2
1 )
( 1)
216 .8
212 5
213,. 8
25 5
45 ,9
24 .7
46 . 7
25 . 0
47 .?
2.6
(3)
(3)
.?
.1
.4
.8
.8
1 ,619
163
18?
331
3?5
.3
.9
.8
.1
.3
1, 63? .1
Ift4 , 6
184 . 4
331 .4
3?5 . 1
( 1)
( 1)
1.3
(1)
.2
(1)
4 ,683 . 0 4 , 8 05 . 5 4 8 ? 9 . 7 136.4 147.9 149.5 3 2 1 . 1 3 2 6 . 1 3 2 7 . 3
51 T E X A S
4 .7
4 .5
4 .1
( 1)
(1)
67 . 7
( 1)
67 . 3
65 .7
5?
Amarillo
.
8 .8
8 .6
8 .4
(1)
(1)
(1)
181 . 0
174 . 9
180 . 7
Austin
53
14 . 1
14 .2
(1)
15 .5
135 . 3
(1)
133 . 8
137 .2
(1)
54
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange . . .
3.7
.
9
11 .3
10
10 . 8
3.9
103 . ?
10? a 9
3.8
102 .7
Corpus Christi
55
49 • 6
49 . 3
48 . 9
13.0
12.5
13.0
1 »114 . 8 1 t l 5 l . 8 1 »157 . 1
56
Dallas-Fort Worth
6
6 .5
.
6
.
3
(
1
)
6
.
?
.
1
1
3
7
.
?
( 11
( 1)
136
57
El Paso
139
8 .1
8.2
6 .8
69 . 9
(1)
69 .1
(1)
6 6 .1
(1)
58
Galveston—Texas City
4 7 . 1 47.4 115 . 7 1 2 0 • 0 1 2 3 • 1
45.1
1 ,090 . 6 1 , 138 . 0 1 r 146 . 4
59
Houston
4 .5
4 .3
4.7
( 1)
( 1)
80 . 5
( 1)
76 .3
80 . 7
60
Lubbock
18 . 5
18 . ?
33? . 9
1 . 7 18 . 7
1.8
1 .8
331 . 4
61
32 8 • ft
3•1
3 .0
( 1)
2 .8
6?
Waco
(1)
( 1)
62 . ?
61 .8
60
2• 8
2 •8
63
2.2
2.2
2.1
46 . 8
46 .6
Wichita Falls
2 •6
45 .2
See footnotes at end of table.
88
7.4
96.1
10.9
( 1)
8
1 ,575
160
176
324
313
193.7
20.2
4 9 . 3 184. 4 176. 6 184. 3 1 t 3 3 2 . 9 1 , 3 3 1 . 1 1 , 335.3
108.8
108. 0
107. 5
8. 7
8. 2
9. 7
( 1)
13.4
13. 2
13. 2
1 .7
2, 1
(1)
2 ,0
379.7
377. 3
49. 7
379. 3
48 .0
53. 3
(1)
(1)
43. 0
43.2
41. 7
3 .0
3. 3
3. 5
(1)
(1)
38.3
38. 8
9 .2
9. 6
38. 9
9 3
(1)
(1)
22. 3
3. 1
22.2
22. 6
3 .0
9.5
2. 9
9.3
54. 7
54.9
6 9
6 .9
53. 9
6 • 5
(1)
(1)
70.5
71. 0
72. 5
12 . 0
12, 4
1.2
12. 1
1.2
445.7
443. 4
59 . 8
61. 8
443. 6
( 1) 66 . 2
(1)
16. 7
158.8
160, 3
157. 9
18. 3
16 . 0
(1)
(11
246.0
250. 7
244. 2
44, 5
42 . 3
43 3
11.6 1 1 . 6
50. 7
48. 5
4 .4
4 .2
50.3
4 .5
(1)
(1)
26. 7
26.4
25. 8
2 .5
2. 6
( 1)
2, 7
(1)
40. 0
8, 5
42. 1
8 .3
39.5
8 .1
l.l
1 .1
17. 2
16.2
17. 4
1. 2
1. 2
(1)
1 .2
(1)
57, 9
57.8
57. 3
6. 3
6 .2
6. 6
(1)
(1)
379 .6
366
..
90. 1
135. 7
2 29. 9
.6
, 4 1 , 802, 9
801. 8
.1
902 .1
•8
131, 2
.2
3. 7
162.4
44.8
53.2
.0
.6
.6
.1
.1
505.5
57.0
50.4
59.4
80.1
856 . 7
8 .9
16 . 8
871 .9
8 .8
18 . 5
878.1
41 .9
12 .4
38 .5
11 .9
244 . 6
32 . 3
12 . 0
186 . 6
10 . 4
40 . 4
14 . 0
c
7 . •?
251 . 5
29 . 7
11 . 7
187 . 4
11 • 4
40 • 8
14 . 4
7 .7
56 . 9
48 .6
56, 7
76 . 0
501
56
50
59
80
8.7
18.6
39.8
11.9
252.2
30.3
11.9
187.5
11.7
41.2
14.5
7.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
1976
APR . MAY
1977 1977P
13.1
13.4
3.5
3.5
Finance, insurance,
Wholesale and retail trade
APR.
1977
MAY
MAY
APR.
1976
1977P
1976
1977 1977P
13.7
3. 6
60.6
16.9
62.9
17.6
64.0
17.9
9.0
3.2
210.4 2 1 3 . 5 215.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
MAY
MAY
6.7
7.2
30.4
45.5
21.8
11.9
18.5
2 9.9
45.3
?2.6
12.4
19.0
29.9
45.5
22.8
12.4
19.3
9.6
892.6
54.7
31.3
124.1
196.2
109.0
69.6
64.3
43.4
7.1
1976
APR.
1977
9.7
3.4
41.0
11.6
909.7
55.9
31.9
127.5
199.6
110.7
70.7
66.5
44.6
919.5 175.9 179.0 179.6
8.7
56.7
8.7
8.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
32.3
23.5 28.7
128.4 28.8
44.8 44.7
201.3 43.7
31.6 31.8
30.6
111.8
71.5 11.0
11.3 11.3
9.1
9.4
67.4
9.5
6.4
6.6
6.6
45.1
9.5
9.6
56.9
19.5
18.6
58.3
20.1
18.9
58.4
20.1
19.1
221.0
78.8
58.9
230.8
82.3
58.2
234.9
82.4
59.0
46.2
50.9
53.0
53.3
214.9
51.1
4.6
4.8
208.3
21.8
212.3
4.7
22.8
23.3
4.1
30.5
2.4
32.7
2.5
32.9
2.5
116.7
14.9
118.5
15.5
119.6
15.7
33.1
255.8 2 5 4 . 6 254.7
13.0
12.8
12.8
8.1
7.7
8.0
8 1 . 1 82.3
32.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
14.5
14.7
14.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.1
6. 2
11.9
11.5
11.5
96.2
96.5
96.6
55.6
55.8
55.8
57.2
57.0 57.2
6.5
6.5
6.4
913.3
44.2
10.8
311.2
21.1
40.9
16.1
29.0
47.8
389.3
152.2
193.7
24.2
913.9
45.6
11.9
308.3
20.6
41.2
16.8
?8.9
47.4
387.6
150.0
198.3
24.3
1 Q
9.6
3.4
Government
Services
and real estate
MAY
MAY
1977P
1976
APR.
1977
42.4
12.2
42.6
12.2
57.3
11.9
58.2
11.8
714.3
42.7
25.2
101.6
163.6
86.0
61.2
52.3
33.0
738.3
44.0
26.1
105.5
167.1
38.6
63.5
54.6
33.9
747.2
44.3
26.1
107.0
167.8
88.5
62.7
55.3
34.1
646.4
41.1
17.0
80.1
120.3
95.9
64.4
44.0
24.6
643.0
41.3
17.2
78.4
116.9
98.7
62.9
44.8
24.2
646.6 3
41.8 4
17.3 5
78.9 6
117.7 7
98.7 8
63.0 9
44.6 10
24.7 11
MAY
MAY
MAY
1977P
58.8
11.9
1
2
48.2
21.4
13.3
43.6
21.6
13.3
152.8
53.1
45.6
160.0
55.9
46.8
161.4
56.6
47.6
210.3
78.6
24.7
213.6
80.4
26.2
215.0
80.6
26.5
12
13
14
54.2
4.4
55.3
4.5
149.9
14.9
154.6
15.3
156.6
16.3
185.2
20.8
186.7
20.7
188.1
20.8
15
16
35.3
4.2
35.7
4.2
90.0
11.2
94.6
11.7
94.9
11.7
76.9
24.7
75.8
24.9
76.2
25.2
17
18
19
917.9 210.3 213.7 215.6
7.8
7.6
7.8
46.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
12.0
9
7
.
1
97.4
310.5 96.9
4
.5
4
.
5
4
.
2
20.9
41.2 10.9 11.3 11.4
3.7
3.7
3.3
17.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
28.9
9.1
8.9
8.7
47.7
390.8 110.7 111.2 111.6
150.8 65.3 6 4 . 1 64.4
199.2 40.8 4 1 . 4 41.7
5.4
5.3
5.1
24.2
"X ft
-» A
1 7f •Q
O •\J
5.U
1
7
3. 1
5.1
4.9
25.4
5.1
834.1
37.9
852.9
38.3
857.0
38.3
731.1
36.6
710.8
35.7
715.4
35.7
20.5
12.9
4.0
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
7.8
8.1
8.1
7.8
7.5
7.5
338.1
18.0
34.0
14.9
21.3
39.5
392.8
198.8
177.8
21.0
16.0
17.3
346.1
18.5
34.5
14.5
21.5
39.5
399.2
2 03.7
130.4
21.2
7.5
16 • 5
16.7
7.8
245.7
14.9
54.7
14.5
14.3
37.5
300.6
155.3
129.4
19.4
10.9
20.1
236.6
15.3
55.3
14.0
13.9
37.2
292.7
147.6
121.6
18.9
11.3
19.2
241.6
15.3
55.1
14.1
13.1
37.1
298.2
152.6
120.8
19.0
11.4
19.1
19.2
20.3
345.3
18.7
35.4
14.7
21.5
40.4
398.2
202.9
181.1
21.6
16. 8
17.0
7.7
20.5
17.6
16.8
16.9
33
34
35
36
O
6.0
2.0
6.4
5.9
2.0
6.2
5.9
2.0
5.2
in . o
17
If.* 7
25.0
8.5
28.3
25.2
29.3
29.3
1.8
3.2
1.8
3.4
1.8
3.4
13.6
13.6
13.8
13.4
13.7
13.3
74.4
75.2
74.5
76.8
75.6
77.8
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.1
18.3
18.2
69.0
67.9
71.0
69.6
71.3
70.0
57.4
54.0
56.9
53.7
57.5
54.2
37
38
42.5
45.1
45.7
187.8
200.8
202.2
39.5
40.4
40.7
134.3
141.5
142.6
204.0
211.4
211.6
7 7
f . c.
39
£O . L
Coif
8.4
32.7
41.8
32.5
41.7
12.0
12.2
9.4
30.1
41.6
11.0
9.2
7 ?
8.4
9.4
8.0
8.1
12.3
12.1
12.2
55.7
55.0
55.7
1.6
4.2
1.4
4.3
1.4
4.3
7.2
7.1
7.5
13.2
13.7
13.7
9.1
1.2
2.2
9.3
1.2
2.4
337.7
29.3
347.8
30.7
351.7
30.8
69.2
8.4
J I . f
.in «o
JOiH
A . I7
O
87.2
71.4
18.1
19.7
7
'A
i » J
8.2
73.2
73. 5
74.5
6.3
6.4
6.4
21.4
16.1
21.8
16.7
22.1
16.8
8.6
It
87.2
70.1
"X
8.7
1
A
87.1
71.5
in
6.5
5.4
9.8
5.7
6.5
5.6
9.8
5.8
74.4
76.7
77.2
9.6
9.4
5.6
9.4
5.5
31.0
81.7
5.5
73.7
4.4
14.1
3.0
2.2
4.6
4.5
14.4
14.6
3.0
2.3
3.0
2.3
19.9
36.1
27.7
25.6
302.0
33.7
11.7
266.0
23.2
81.7
13.7
11.3
20.4
36.1
27.9
26.3
314.9
33.9
12.1
283.4
24.7
81.6
14.2
11.6
20.5
36.3
27.9
26.5
317.2
34.1
12.4
286.0
24.5
81.8
14.3
11.7
1 o
0
O Q
/>
5.8
5.8
lo . 5
1O 1
l*f. I
8.2
22.3
31.7
22.8
32.6
9.6
47.9
47.3
1.2
5.4
5.1
. 2.4
10.2
11.1
11.1
72.7
8.1
73.3
8.1
246.1
24.9
18.4
19.9
18.4
19.7
241.8
24.4
26.1
62.9
59.5
247.7
25.1
27.6
65.0
63.4
285.1
28.0
39.4
63.8
55.5
291.2
29.6
39. 0
65.0
55.8
2 89.9
29.6
39. 3
63.2
55.8
806.5
12.2
28.5
20.0
16.3
197.2
22.0
848.4
12.5
30.2
20.3
17.0
206.3
21.7
10.5
222.9
14.3
62.2
13.0
853.6
12.6
30.4
20.4
17.2
206.9
22.0
847.6
874.5
11.4
72.0
18.2
874.3 51
11.5 2
71.8 53
18.? 54
22.3 55
155.0 56
28.6 7
16.7 58
132.5 9
17.1 60
90. 1 1
10.7 62
11.1 63
i f\
r .U
7
r . f\
U
2 9 2 . 6 297.3 298. 7 I,167.5 1,174.3 I t 182.3 254.6 265.1 265.9
6.3
5.5
9.2
5.7
c
5.6
3.1
9.7
4.8
4.8
3.2
9.7
5.0
81.6
85.4
6.4
4.2
6.3
4.5
61.3
64.0
64.1
3.7
3.8
3.8
21.1
3.5
2.0
22.4
22.7
3.6
2.1
5.0
3.5
2.1
3.2
9.7
5.0
5.0
86.0
~6.3
4.5
9.9
211.3
13.6
61.7
12.6
6.7
27. 5
64.2
63.5
6.3
1 9 . c.
21.1
"S Q A.
32.5
47.7
27.5
39.4
50.1
?8.6
46.9
58.2
57.2
5.1
5.8
6.7
5.6
5.5
10.7
224.1
14.4
62.3
13.0
6.8
.20.0
11.2
69.9
18.1
22.7
153.6
28.9
16.0
125.9
16.3
89.1
10.7
10.8
22.3
154.7
28.5
16.6
132.2
17.1
90.0
10.7
11.1
39. 4 40
50.1
28.9
41
42
57.0
43
5.6 44
5 . 6 45
46
47
•8
49
50
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
State and area
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
VERMONT
Burlington I 5 .
Springfield 1 $ . .
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
VIRGINIA
Bristol
Lynchburg
Newport News—Hampton
,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth.
16
Northern Virginia
Richmond
Roanoke
14 WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everettz
15
16
Spokane2
17
Tacoma2
18 WEST VIRGINIA .
Charleston
19
Huntington-Ashland .
20
Parkersburg-Marietta.
21
22
Wheeling
23 WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh
24
Green Bay
25
Kenosha
26
27
La Crosse
28
Madison
29
Milwaukee
30
Racine
31 WYOMING .
Casper . . .
32
Cheyenne
33
1
MAY
1976
A PP.
1977
MAY
1977P
1976
APP .
1977 1977P
MAY
1976
APR. MAY
1977 1977C
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
MAY
1977P
'1-59.3
331.4
475.1
343. 1
480.2
347.2
13.2
6.1
14.6
6.9
14.4
7.0
27.9
19.3
25.2
17.3
26.0
17.9
69.2
46.5
73.3
49.1
74.5
49.7
166.0
43.8
12.2
170.3
44.6
12.4
173.9
46.2
12.7
.7
.7
.7
7.8
7.3
9.1
40.9
9.7
5.0
42.1
10.4
5.2
42.6
1,880.3 1,R94.4
25.1
25.1
62.0
62.5
137.0
137.4
252.6
255.1
365.1
368.7
288.2
21.7
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
.3
.4
.2
383.7
8.7
26.6
32.2
25.9
13.4
51.5
21.6
391.6
8.6
27.2
33.3
27.0
13.6
50.7
21.3
391.9
8.6
27.5
33.3
27. 2
14.0
50.8
20.8
248.4
,843.9
24.9
60.8
133.9
251.7
36 3.4
287.8
97.6
1*235.4
576.7
104.9
118.8
97.5
%7!4
1,265.4 1,281.6
6 05.8
(*)
107.4
108.1
123.0
124.4
2.0
( 1)
( 1)
69.7
606.5
607.6
105.8
98.1
52.0
102.2
613.4
102.7
96.5
96.6
51.6
51.2
65.2
64.3
64.2
1*720.1 1,746.7 1,781.3
107.5
108.0
108.7
66.9
41.9
35.5
144.4
606.8
68.5
40.8
37.3
148.4
599.8
63.1
64.9
15 5.1
27.6
24.1
159.1
28.7
23.8
69.6
41.5
37.8
149.7
615.9
65.6
164.9
29.5
24.3
90
2.0
(1)
( II
2 2 . 3 114.6 114.5 118.9
1.0
1.0
(1)
1.0
2.8
2.9
(1)
3.0
7.0
7.0
( 1)
7.1
15.4 15.8 16.4
(1)
• 3 24.7 23.1 24.1
16.1 16.7 17.4
.3
5.6
5.6
.2
5.3
2.0
(*>
( 1)
m
6.3
.8
.4
8.4
2.6
( U
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
< 1)
( 1)
19.8
4.9
(1)
Combined with services.
Based on 1967 Standard Industrial Classification.
3
Combined with construction.
4
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to 1976 benchmark;
not strictly comparable with previously published data.
5
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area.
6
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
7
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
8
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
1
° Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1
* Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
12
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Philadelphia County.
2
22.2
< 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
. 3
.3
.2
71.5
6.1
.8
.4
8.4
71.5
6.2
.8
.4
8.2
2.3
( 1)
(1 )
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
( I)
( 1)
(II
( 1)
(I)
22.3
5.1
(I)
23.2
5.2
( 1)
10.5
5.2
60.6
(*)
5.3
6.2
242.1
117.2
14.0
20.0
122.0
14.8
5.1
27.1
5.1
6.1
18.9
253.9
(*)
15.0
19.1
32.9
6.7
5.9
2.5
2.9-
35.9
5.9
5.5
2.1
2.3
38.7
6.0
5.5
2.2
2.3
122.8
19.0
28.5
16. 1
13.7
126.2
19.0
28.3
16.8
14.2
126.4
19.1
28.2
16.1
14.3
65.9
5.0
3.2
1.0
1.2
5.9
74.2
4.8
3.7
1.0
1.6
6.5
21.7
1.8
507.2
40.4
19. 6
18.2
9,0
17.1
20.0
1.5
67.2
4.6
3.4
1.0
1.3
6.1
19.5
1.6
197.3
26.7
510.5
40.4
19.7
16.9
8.8
17.3
193.8
27.1
515.8
40.8
20.0
17.2
9.0
17.4
197.1
27.2
15.1
2.4
1.5
14.9
2.3
1.5
16.1
2.6
1.7
8.1
1.6
1.5
8.0
1.7
1.4
8.1
1.7
1.4
56.6
24.3
5.6
57.9
13
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County.
14
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne
County.
1s
Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
16
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p= preliminary.
* Not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuhural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
8.4
2.0
.7
APR.
1977
MAY
1977P
MAY
1976
113.3
85.5
115.3
87.0
20.3
17.0
21.6
17.6
22.0
13.0
75.5
53.3
79.8
55.2
79.9
55.7
114.8
84.5
118.7
88.9
119.1
89.0
2
34.4
9.6
1.9
35.1
10.0
1.9
35.6
10.2
1.9
6.8
-
6.9
-
7.0
36.4
9.3
2.2
38.6
9.7
2.3
38.5
10.0
2.4
31.1
-
31.3
-
31.9
-
3
4
5
383.8
6.0
10.0
24.5
60.0
86.3
65.9
386.8
6.1
9.6
24.7
60.5
37.2
66.5
389.9
6.0
9.6
25.0
61.6
87.9
67.3
85.8
.8
2.7
4.1
13.0
21.4
21 .9
8 8.9
.9
2.7
4.4
12.9
22. 1
27 .8
89.3
.9
?.7
4.4
13.0
2?-5
22.7
314.2
3.3
8.0
25.2
44.6
82.6
50.3
1 7 A
1 (. 0
325.3
3.4
8.5
25.7
44.1
34.3
50.4
433.9
4.2
8.1
36.5
74.8
109.1
63.9
17a
t / . 0
3 28.8
3.5
8.6
26.0
44.7
85.7
50.9
17
q
1 » .7
442.8
4.2
8.6
37.6
74.5
108.5
63.0
14
1
l ^ . l
444.1
4,2
8.6
37.3
74.3
108.6
63. 1
14 1
A t» 1
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
2 36.2
114.0
24.4
26.3
238.5
(*)
24.5
26.3
277.8
107.9
19.8
29.2
281.6
108.0
20.0
29.8
283.5
(*)
19.9
30. 1
14
15
8.6
2.0
.7
28.6
22.6
8.2
2.1
.3
MAY
1976
110.4
82.5
27.9
22.2
103.7
106.2 108.?
. 9
. 9
.9
?.5
2.5
2.6
4
.
3
4. 3
4.4
17.8
17.9
18.0
?5.6
25.5
25.6
17.8
17.8
13.0
IT '"I
9 9
9 9
I J,J
APR.
19 77
MAY
A P R .
1977 1977P
29.0
22.9
MftY
1977P
and real estate
M!\Y
1977P
MAY
19 76
1977
Government
Services
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
MAY
1976
Finance, insurance,
Wholesale and retail trade
J -1 C
C. J . J
T-l
-
C
1 -a o
MAY
1977P
1
72.8
40.3
7.3
5.4
74. 9
42.6
7.4
5.5
75.0
(*)
7.4
5.6
289.0
138.1
?8.3
2 8.8
2 94.1
149.3
29.1
30.8
297.6
(*)
29.4
31.5
67.6
40. 1
6.3
5.6
70.3
42.3
6.6
5.6
70.5
6.6
5.6
227.5
108.8
23.6
24.7
39.2
8.8
9.?
2.3
3.6
4 0.2
8.4
9.1
2.3
3.6
40.5
8.5
9.0
2.3
3.6
117.2
23.3
19.8
11.3
13.4
119.3
23.1
19.9
11.4
13.5
120.0
23.2
19.9
11.4
13.5
18.5
4.4
3.3
I .7
2.4
18.4
4.5
3.4
1.7
2.4
18.6
4.5
3.3
1.8
2.4
84.6
17.2
13.5
8.1
11.9
86.3
17.0
13.1
7.7
12.2
87.0
17.1
13.3
7.7
12.2
121.6
20.1
17.2
9.6
8.9
109.9
18.1
16.7
9.2
7.8
110.7
18.2
16.6
9.4
7.6
18
19
20
21
22
81.8
4.0
4.6
1.4
2.1
5.3
30.0
2.1
83.0
3.9
4.3
1.4
2.1
5.?
30.9
2.3
84.0
4.0
4.4
1.4
2.1
5.0
31.1
?.3
388.0
22.1
15.8
7.9
9.4
30.4
133.4
12.4
397.7
21.5
16.2
7.8
407.2
21.8
16.5
8.1
10.0
32.7
134.9
12.8
76.9
4.1
2.0
.8
.9
9.2
33.0
1 .7
78.6
4.3
2.2
.8
79.1
4.3
2.2
.8
.9
9.6
33.5
1.7
9.7
33.5
1.8
304.1
17.3
12.0
6.7
7.5
25.0
116.5
10.1
3 20.5
17.5
12.9
7.0
8.1
25.9
120.9
10.7
325.3
17.8
12.9
7.0
8.1
26.1
122.2
11.0
293.5
15.2
9.8
5.9
5.3
51.5
76.6
8.5
286.9
15.3
9.8
5.9
6.1
52.0
68.4
8.8
293.3
15.3
9.9
6.0
6.1
52.2
75.5
8.9
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
12.9
2.1
3.3
12.9
2.1
3.3
13.4
2.2
3.4
34.7
6.9
5.4
36.5
7.6
5.8
5.0
I .1
5.6
1 .3
1.3
1.3
5.6
1.3
1.3
22.5
4.0
4.1
22.4
4.2
3.9
23.7
4.3
4.0
37.0
4.6
7.0
37.3
4.6
6.7
38.3
4.6
6.7
31
32
33
9.9
32.3
132.7
12.5
35.2
7.4
5. 7
{*)
.9
16
17
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1955 to date
Year and
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959.2
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
July
Aue
SeDt
Oct
Nov
Dec
1977:
Feb
Mar
Apr. . . . .
May P . . . .
June . . . . .
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
Weekly
earnings
hours
Total private 1
Weekly
earnings
39.6
39.3
38.8
38. 5
39. 0
38. 6
38. 6
38.7
38. 8
38. 7
38. 8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37. 7
37. 1
37. 0
37. 1
37. 1
36. 6
36. 1
36. 2
36.4
36.6
36.6
36. 2
36.2
36. 1
36.4
$1.71
1.80
1. 89
1.95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 14
2.22
2. 28
2.36
2.45
2.56
2.68
2. 85
3. 04
3. 22
3.44
3. 67
3.92
4.22
4.54
4. 87
4.85
4.86
4.89
4.96
4.98
5.00
5.02
$89.54
95.06
98. 65
96. 08
103.68
105.44
106.92
110.43
114.40
117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142. 71
155.23
164.40
172.14
187.43
201.03
220. 90
249.57
274. 78
270.50
272.85
259.15
289.08
287.33
288.63
293.23
179.48
182. 73
35.4
35.9
36.0
36.0
36. 1
36.4
5.07
5.09
5. 11
5. 15
5.19
5.20
286.62
292.71
296.29
298.52
298.52
301.44
Transportation and
public utilities
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959.2
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
1977:
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May?
JuneP
1
-
$118.37
125. 14
128.13
131. 22
138.85
148. 15
155.93
169.24
187.92
204. 62
218. 29
234.43
257. 75
256.80
259.69
265.02
265.06
265.20
267.33
269.33
264.65
270.95
267.73
271.32
273.20
274.32
-
41. 1
41.3
41.2
40. 5
40.6
40.7
40.5
40.2
40. 5
40.6
40. 2
39.6
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.4
40. 1
40.0
40.2
40.5
39.5
40.2
39.9
39.9
40.0
40.4
-
$2.88
3. 03
3. 11
3. 24
3.42
2.64
3.85
4.21
4.64
5. 04
5. 43
5.92
6.46
6.42
6.46
6.56
6.61
6.63
6.65
6.65
6.70
6.74
6.71
6.80
6.83
6.79
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
72.01
74.28
76. 53
79.02
81. 76
43. 0
42.7
42.4
42. 5
42.5
42.4
42.3
42. 8
42.8
42.7
41.2
43.8
43.8
43.6
43. 7
103.78
108.41
113.04
118.08
122.47
127.19
132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
195.45
211.67
222.51
235.69
249. 08
265.35
2 84.93
288.04
291.07
292.21
287.41
299.87
289.25
289.98
37.1
37.5
37. 0
36.8
37. 0
36. 7
36. 9
37. 0
37. 3
37. 2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37. 3
37.9
37. 3
37. 2
36. 9
37.0
36.9
36.6
37. 1
37.9
37.9
37.9
36.8
38.2
36.8
36.8
42.4
43.3
43.7
43.9
43.9
44.2
6.76
6.76
6.78
6.80
6.80
6.82
269.84
288.41
289.62
291.56
296.25
295.37
33.9
36.6
36.8
37.0
37.5
37.2
42.6
42.6
39.4
39.1
38.7
38.6
38.8
38. 6
38. 3
38. 2
38.1
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$J. 40
L.47
L.54
L.60
L. 66
L. 7 1
,76
L. 8 3
L.89
37.9
111.04
118.33
126.75
133.39
133.51
136.62
136.51
135.74
135.20
135.46
137.97
2.03
2. 13
2. 24
2.40
2.55
2.71
2.86
3. 01
3. 20
3. 47
3.75
3.97
3.95
3.96
3.98
4.04
4.06
4.08
4.07
136. 78
138.60
139.02
140.01
140.77
142.46
32.8
33.0
33. 1
33. 1
33.2
33.6
4.17
4.20
4.20
4.23
4.24
4.24
$63.92
65.68
67.53
70. 12
72.74
75. 14
77. 12
80. 94
84.38
85.79
88. 91
92. 13
95.46
101.75
108.70
113.34
120.66
126.88
132.10
140.19
150.75
159.58
158.84
160.01
162.36
160.67
161.85
161.04
162.58
166.34
165.88
165.07
166.16
167.63
166.16
37.6
36.9
36.7
37. 1
37.3
37. 2
36.9
37 3
37.5
37.3
37.2
37.3
37. 0
37.0
37. 1
36.8
36.9
37. I
36.9
36. 7
36.5
36.6
36.6
36.7
36.9
36.6
36.7
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Manufacturing
$2.45 $75.70
78.78
2. 57
2. 71
8 1 . 59
2.82
82.71
2. 93
88. 26
3. 08
89. 72
92. 34
3. 20
96.56
3. 31
3.41
99. 63
3. 55 102.97
3. 70 107.53
3.89 112.34
4. 11 114.90
4.41 122.51
4 . 79 129.51
5 . 2 4 133.73
5 . 6 9 142.44
6. 03 154.69
6 . 3 7 166.06
6 . 7 5 176.40
189.51
7. 68 207.60
7.60 208.06
7.68 208.00
7. 71 208.40
7.81 212.93
7. 85 211.20
7. 86 215.20
7.88 220.05
40.7
40.4
39. 8
39.2
40. 3
39.7
59.8
40.4
40. 5
40.7
41. 2
41.3
40.6
40. 7
40. 6
39. 8
39.9
40. 6
40.7
40.0
39.4
40. 0
40.4
40.0
40.0
40. 1
40.0
40.3
40.6
$1.86
1.95
2. 05
2. 11
2. 19
2. 26
2. 32
2.39
2.46
2. 53
2.61
2.72
2.83
3. 01
3. 19
3.36
3. 57
3. 81
4.08
4.41
4.81
5.19
5.15
5. 20
5. 21
5. 31
5.28
5.34
5.42
212.94
216.66
220.30
220.80
224.07
227.51
39.0
39.9
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.7
5.46
5.43
5.48
5.52
5.56
5.59
7.96
7.88
7.87
7.88
7.90
7.94
Finance, insurance , and
real estate
37.7
37. 1
36. 5
36. 0
35.6
35.3
35. 1
35. 1
34.7
34. 1
33.8
33.6
33.8
34.5
34.3
33.6
33.3
33.2
33.9
86.40
90.78
95.66
100.39
105.65
$90.90
96.38
100. 27
$2.20
2.33
2.46
2.47
2.56
2. 61
2. 64
2. 70
2. 75
2. 81
2. 92
3.05
3. 19
3. 35
3.61
3. 85
4. 06
4.41
4.73
5.21
5. 90
6.42
6.32
6.39
6.29
6.60
6.56
6.62
6.71
40.7
40. 8
40. 1
38.9
40. 5
40. 4
40. 5
40.9
41.6
41.9
42. 3
42.7
$55.16
57.48
59.60
61.76
64.41
66. 01
67.41
69. 91
Weekly
hours
Contract construction
Wholesale and
retail trade
2Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.
Average
Weekly
earnings
earnings
Hourly
Mining
$67.72
70.74
73. 33
75. 08
78. 78
80. 67
82. 60
85.91
88.46
9 1 . 33
95. 06
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
119.46
127.28
136.16
145.43
154.45
163.89
176. 29
176.54
177. 88
178. 97
179.55
180.28
180.50
182.73
183.96
185.40
187.36
189.28
Weekly
hours
$1.79
M.89
1. 99
2. 05
2. 12
2. 20
2. 25
2.31
2. 37
2.44
2. 51
2.59
2.72
2. 88
3. 06
3. 24
3.44
3. 66
3.89
4. 24
4. 66
5. 00
4.96
5.00
5.02
5.09
5.08
5. 14
5.21
5.25
5.24
5.27
5.31
5.34
5. 37
Services
$1.70
1.78
1.84
1.89
1.95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 17
2.25
2.30 $69.84
2.39
73.60
2.47
77. 04
80 38
2. 58
2.75
83. 97
2.93
90. 57
3.08
96.66
3.27 103.28
3.42 110. 14
3. 58 117.64
3. 82 127 46
4. 13 137.23
4.36 146.06
4.34 145.82
4.36 146.88
4.40 146.88
4.39 148.07
4.41 148.74
4.40 149.97
4.43 150.97
4.52
4.52
4.51
4.54
4.58
4.54
Hourly earnings
excl. overtime
153. 18
153.97
153.85
154.51
155.51
155.78
-
-
36.0
35.9
35.5
35 1
34.7
34.7
34.4
34.2
34. 1
34. 0
33 9
33.8
33.5
33.6
34.0
34.0
33.5
33.5
33.4
33.4
$1.94
2. 05
2. 17
2 29
2.42
2.61
2.81
3.02
3. 23
3. 46
3 76
4. 06
4.36
4.34
4.32
4.32
4.42
4.44
4.49
4.52
33.3
33.4
33.3
33.3
33. 3
33. 5
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.64
4.67
4.65
3
Prior to January 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average
hourly earnings. (See Explanatory Note.)
p = preliminary,
QQ
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Industry
May
1976
TOTAL PRIVATE
142
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
COALMINING
B i t u m i n o u s coal a n d lignite m i n i n g . . . .
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields . .
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT
FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
15
16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
176
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS .
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
. . . .
Heavy construction, nee
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS .
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Roofing and sheetmetal work
..
..
..
..
MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,26-31
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977F
1977*
$174.36 $176. 54 $185.40 $187.36 $189.28
MINING
10
101
102
11,12
12
13
131,2
138
14
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
sic
Code
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1077?
$4.83
$4.85
$5. 15
6.35
6.62
7. 00
6.80
7.81
7.84
5.66
6.55
5.25
6.32
6. 65
6.96
6.92
7.73
7.75
5.65
6. 52
5.25
6.80
7. 12
7.46
7.29
8.30
8.34
6. 13
7. 11
5.74
6. 80
6.21
7.65
7. 25
8.31
8.34
6. 15
7.06
5.79
5.33
5. 13
5.38
5.21
5.69
5.50
5.76
5.65
$5.19
June P
1977
$5.20
269.88
279.36
295.40
282.88
309.28
309.68
250.74
265.93
242.03
270. 50
286.62
301.37
292.02
303.02
303.80
251.99
264.06
245.70
298. 52
296.19
314.81
290. 14
343.62
346. 11
281.98
299.33
274.37
298.52
299.22
324.36
283.48
338.22
338.60
284. 13
297.93
278.50
235.05
226.75
240,49
235.49
256.05
249.70
260.35
258.77
283.09
271. 18
278.78
269-74
286.21
292.07
309.04
260.87
337.42
264.42
234.65
288.04 291.56
272.69 285. 07
294.47 279. 60
289.93 276.34
297.94 282.96
293,72 300.35
309.08 318.75
254. 10 266.90
339.98 343.73
268.47 273. 17
244. 50 245. 93
296.25
288.51
290.39
290.22
290.80
304.41
327.47
277.99
350.43
276.42
245. 67
295.37
7.61
7.45
7.04
6.71
7.32
7.98
8.09
7. 39
8.81
7.80
7.22
7. 60
7. 39
7. 13
6.79
7.43
7.96
8.07
7.26
8.90
7.85
7. 17
7.88
7.81
6.99
6.74
7.20
8.32
8. 50
7.85
9.29
8. 13
7.43
7.90
7.84
7. 10
6.91
7.27
8.34
8.55
7.92
9.32
8. 13
7.49
7.94
5. 15
5.52
5.56
5.59
301.44
6. 82
205.82
208. 06
220.80
224.07
227.51
5. 12
DURABLE GOODS
224.54
227,28
239.32
243.95
248.17
5.49
5. 53
5.88
5.95
5.98
NONDURABLE GOODS..
180.85
182.03
195. 11
196. 11
199.69
4. 59
4.62
4.99
4. 99
5.03
DURABLE GOODS
19
192
1925
1929
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
Ammunition, except for small arms
Complete guided missiles
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee .
228.73
229.65
249- 77
192.15
232.37
234.43
258.34
191.18
251.74
255. 56
284.78
205.20
253.79
259.03
288.23
209.60
250. 50
260. 53
5.62
5.77
6.26
4.84
5.64
5.76
6.24
4. 84
6. 14
6.31
6.98
5. 13
6.19
6. 38
7. 03
5.24
6. 08
6.37
24
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
2441,2
,249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
186.24
184.54
192.40
192.56
182.75
206.59
142.09
137.31
158.36
151.70
142.85
136.42
147.63
159.22
174.76
188.02
168.58
193.26
192.46
201.20
197.15
183.68
218.40
143.39
139.79
158.79
154.44
144.74
138.25
149.20
162.92
182.34
191.52
171.16
197.60
196. 66
206.23
204. 57
191. 78
226.46
141.31
140. 12
163. 10
159. 56
149.25
141. 37
156.16
170.63
189.68
197.10
181.89
201. 10
200. 57
209- 71
208.87
196.11
231.55
143.52
141.57
165. 15
162.82
152. 00
145. 13
158.98
169.00
196.17
201.88
183.38
203. 50
201.96
4.61
4.49
4.67
4.79
4.65
4.99
3. 57
3.45
3.91
3.93
3.72
3.48
3.99
4.28
4.38
4.76
4. 39
4.76
4.66
4.86
4.88
4.65
5.25
3.63
3. 53
3.95
3.96
3.74
3. 50
4.00
4.31
4. 48
4.80
4.40
4.94
4.82
5. 03
5.14
4.93
5.47
3.68
3.63
4. 15
4.21
3.98
3.73
4.29
4. 55
4.79
5. 08
4.70
4.99
4.88
5. 09
5. 17
4. 99
5. 50
3. 68
3.63
4. 16
4.24
4. 00
3.75
4. 32
4. 58
4.82
5. 15
4.69
5. 00
4.89
218.29
290.25
218.69
228.80
204.51
304.61
173.46
161.70
175. 56
221.01
302.33
220. 04
228.11
207.36
307.86
173.45
160.90
175.05
234.32
314.20
241.79
251.47
227.51
318.36
186. 59
167.28
195.62
239. 67
313. 20
243.21
257.04
223.28
338.78
189. 15
169.74
197.41
243.49
5.26
6.75
5.36
5. 54
5. 10
7.27
4.20
3.85
4.49
5. 30
6.84
5.38
5. 55
5. 12
7.33
4. 21
3.84
4. 50
5.66
7.29
5.97
6.24
5.59
7.58
4. 54
4. 07
4.94
5.72
7.25
6. 02
6.30
5.61
7.99
4. 58
4. 13
4.96
5.77
225. 65
230.99
242.85
248.40
252.44
5.26
5.31
5. 57
5. 62
5.66
210.33
207.60
211. 15
203.94
220.46
209-97
225.64
218.40
230.33
5. 13
5. 19
5. 15
5. 15
5.43
5.37
• 5.49
5.46
5. 55
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general .
Millwork, plywood and related products
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . .
Miscellaneous wood products
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
253,9
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture . . .
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures
32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326
STONE. CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster
products
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral
products
Abrasive products
327
328,9
3291
See footnotes at end of table.
94
(*)
(*)
167.63
165.29
153. 97
(*)
246.24
345.72
(*)
(*)
4. 17
4.26
4.02
(*)
6. 05
8. 04
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Industry
Code
TOTAL PRIVATE
101
102
11,12
12
13
131,2
138
14
142
162
17
171
172
173
174
176
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
June
1977^
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977?
36.4
36. 0
36. 1
36.4
43.9
41.6
42.2
39.8
41. 4
41. 5
46.0
42. 1
47.8
43. 9
41. 5
42.4
39. 1
40. 7
40. 6
46.2
42. 2
48. 1
44.2
44. 1
44.2
44.7
45.2
45.0
45.4
45.2
45.8
37.2
36.4
39.6
40.2
39. 1
36.6
38.2
35.3
38.3
33.9
32. 5
37. 9
36.9
41.3
42.7
40. 1
36.9
38.3
35.0
38.2
34.2
34. 1
37. 0
36.5
40.0
41.0
39.3
36.1
37. 5
34.0
37.0
33.6
33. 1
37. 5
36.8
40.9
42.0
40.0
36.5
38.3
35. 1
37.6
34. 0
32.8
37.2
40.2
40. 4
40.0
40.3
40.7
3. 1
3.2
3. 1
3.3
3. 5
DURABLE GOODS
40. 9
41. 1
40. 7
41. 0
41. 5
3.3
3.4
3.3
3. 5
3.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
39.4
39.4
39. 1
39.3
39.7
3. 0
3. 0
2.9
3.0
3. 1
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
COAL MINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining . .
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS .EXCEPT
FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, nee
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning . .
Painting, paper hanging, decorating . .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering . .
Roofing and sheet metal work
DURABLE GOODS
19
192
1925
1929
ORDANCE AND ACCESSORIES
Ammunition, except for small arms . . .
Complete guided missiles
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
40.7
39.8
39.9
39.7
41.2
40.7
41.4
39.5
41. 0
40. 5
40.8
40. 0
41. 0
40.6
41. 0
40. 0
41.2
40. 9
2.2
1.6
2.6
1.9
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.2
24
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
2441,2
40.4
41. 1
41.2
40.2
39.3
41.4
39.8
39.8
40. 5
40.6
41.3
41. 4
40.4
39.5
41.6
39.5
39.6
40.2
40. 0
40. 8
41. 0
39.8
38.9
41.4
38.4
38.6
39.3
40. 3
41. 1
41.2
40. 4
39.3
42. 1
39.0
40. 7
41.3
3.6
4.2
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.3
3.9
4.4
(*)
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.7
(*)
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.8
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general .
Millwork, plywood and related products
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . .
Miscellaneous wood products
40.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
253,9
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture . . .
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures
38. 6
38.4
39.2
37. 0
37.2
39-9
39.5
38.4
39. 0
38.7
39.5
37.3
37.8
40.7
39.9
38. 9
37.9
37.5
37. 9
36.4
37. 5
39.6
38.8
38.7
38.4
38. 0
38.7
36.8
36.9
40. 7
39.2
39. 1
38.8
38.3
2.0
2.0
2. 3
2. 1
2. 0
2.4
1.8
1.7
2_. 0
2.2
2. 1
2.7
1.9
2.4
1. 5
2.9
2. 7
2. 0
2.3
1.8
1. 5
3. 1
2.2
1. 5
32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum and plaster
products
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral
products
Abrasive products
41. 5
43.0
40.8
41.3
40. 1
41.9
41.3
42.0
39- 1
41.7
44.2
41. 9
43. 2
40. 4
40.8
39.8
42.4
41. 3
41. 1
39.8
42.2
40. 9
41. 1
40. 5
42. 0
41.2
41.9
38.9
41.4
43. 1
40. 5
40.3
40.7
42. 0
41. 1
41. 1
39.6
40.7
4.2
6. 1
4.2
4. 3
5.6
4. 0
4.5
6.9
4. 1
4.7
6.4
3.9
43.0
(*)
3. 0
3. 1
3_. 7
3. 0
3.2
3_. 8
3.6
3.9
3.9
2. 9
3.8
2.0
2. 0
2. 1
2. 1
42. 9
43. 5
43.6
44.2
44. 6
5.8
6. 1
6.2
6.9
41. 0
40. 0
41. 0
39.6
40.6
39. 1
41. 1
40.0
41.5
3.3
3.2
3. 6
3.8
327
328,9
June
1Q77P
42.8
43. 1
43.3
42.2
39-2
3 9.2
44.6
40. 5
46.8
MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,26-31
June
1976
36. 1
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
15
16
161
May
1976
42. 5
42.2
42.2
41.6
39.6
39.5
44. 3
40. 6
46. 1
MINING
10
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
sic
3291
See footnotes at end of table.
39. 0
39.7
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings
sic
Industry
Code
May
1976
Apr.
1977
June
1976
May
1977^
Average hourly earnings
June
1977 P
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
June
1977 P
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446,9
345
3451
3452
346
347
348
349
3494,8
F A B R I C A T E D M E T A L PRODUCTS
35
351
3511
3519
352
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
3537
354
3541
3544
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3564
3566
357
3573
358
3585
359
M A C H I N E R Y , EXCEPT E L E C T R I C A L
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
A l u m i n u m rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
A l u m i n u m castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products
Iron and steel forgings
Metal cans
Cultery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
...
Sheet metal work
Architectural and misc. metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous fabricated metal p r o d u c t s . . . .
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery .
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry rriachines
Refrigeration machinery
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical
See footnotes at end of table.
96
$298.91 $305. 95
337.79 346. 88
345.28 355. 06
265. 12 271. 75
275.78 282. 31
272.45 271. 96
233.45 243. 76
292.16 290. 46
320.17 321. 68
274.99 277. 77
278.52 279. 40
289.82 296. 67
267.34 267. 34
224.92 231. 69
230.68 240. 51
216.94 219. 37
277.02 286. 47
290. 07 304. 37
229.64 234. 36
319.74 329. 75
213.09 217. 42
203.81 206. 55
219.42 224. 52
202.64 201. 33
200.85 202. 93
203.31 199. 58
219.38 224. 47
232.93 239. 44
174.15 175. 28
237.58 244. 22
225.76 230. 11
209.88 214. 27
233. 10 233. 52
219.03 214. 73
247.46 252. 62
266.49 276. 55
185. 14 189. 74
195.69 198. 28
229.45 234. 58
233.86 238. 88
$27 5.26
304. 36
310.42
2 50. 31
262. 70
2 55. 58
216. 94
273. 06
305.42
251. 01
255. 58
259. 06
251. 26
211. 53
218. 41
202. 31
263. 16
281. 67
221. 40
314. 94
210. 60
192. 96
223. 04
192. 00
192. 23
191. 75
212. 38
226. 87
169. 03
228. 02
218. 80
199. 98
214. 04
202. 95
224. 88
257. 84
177. 68
191. 50
213. 91
219. 22
$279. 60
312. 36
318. 57
257. 92
271. 57
266. 93
220.44
272. 48
304. 30
2 54. 82
258. 39
266. 48
252. 42
212. 63
217. 62
205. 93
255. 27
272. 92
224. 67
323. 44
210. 31
193. 44
221. 82
190. 72
189. 03
192. 30
214. 25
232. 69
169. 81
228. 17
220. 25
201. 78
218. 30
207. 09
228. 72
265. 17
179. 38
188. 60
215. 54
222. 89
233. 29
263. 74
241. 08
273. 78
246. 04
242. 00
255. 42
229. 32
230. 18
212. 65
235. 66
266. 83
249. 55
275. 12
247. 86
246. 64
260. 95
233. 20
233. 65
218. 00
243 78
244 11
267 50
218 43
217 48
216 48
227 26
180 63
222 35
229 .80
231 18
239 90
211 .70
231 .65
218.09
227.52
207.57
208.18
231.02
245 78
246 03
269 57
221 95
218 80
218 12
230 45
183 19
226 32
231 .74
234.19
242 .43
220. 18
232.72
220.92
229.87
209.50
211.45
232.55
249.48
280.28
259.10
289.81
261.62
265. 10
282.69
256.88
234.77
238.21
270. 50
283.08
294.80
245.44
231.38
228.83
236.61
188.00
243.00
246.63
252.66
254.41
225.44
242. 57
220.86
226.05
215.05
212.91
243.36
252. 95
284. 09
248. 57
300. 03
262. 22
266. 98
285. 71
255.77
233. 45
246. 74
271. 78
284. 85
296. 12
246. 69
$308.58
(*)
(*)
—
—
289.57
.—
282.28
—
—
—
231.01
—
—
241.28
344. 58
216.24
_
(*)
228~63
237" 44
218.23
248.81
5.41
6.44
7.07
5.92
5.93
6. 11
5.94
5.21
5.34
5.02
6.45
6.87
5.40
7. 03
5.20
4.80
5.48
4.80
4.83
4.77
5.27
5.52
4.29
5.63
5.47
4. 95
5. 17
4.95
5.38
z
6.11
_
4.42
4. 74
5.23
5.36
295.67
191.63
203. 18
236.65
257.69
(*)
—
(*)
—
—
—
(*)
—
—
—
231 60
234 27 236.81
243. 17
—
—
191 75
—
248 24
249 48 252.76
—
255 31
—
256 06
233 38
—
244 82
—
223 85
(*)
230.05
220 02
$6. 73
7. 59
7.78
6.12
6.33
6.52
221.60
—
252.28
5.69
6.48
5.88
6.76
6.06
5.99
6.45
5.46
5.56
5.37
5.86
5.84
6.25
5.42
5.41
5.28
5.57
4.46
5 41
5.66
5.68
5.88
5 24
5 65
5 23
5 43
5 10
5.09
5.54
$6.77
7.60
7.77
6.20
6.42
6.64
5.47
6.55
7.28
6.01
5.94
6.27
6.01
5.25
5.36
5. 11
6.43
6.84
5.45
7.14
5. 18
4.80
5.45
4.78
4.81
4.76
5.29
5.58
4.31
5.62
5.52
4.97
5.21
4.99
5.42
6.21
4.44
4.68
5.27
5.41
5.72
6.54
5.97
6.81
6.09
6.06
6.54
5. 50
5.63
5.45
5.88
5.90
6.24
5.44
5.47
5.32
5.58
4.49
' 5.52
5.68
5.74
5.87
5.28
5.69
5.26
5.46
5. 16
5. 17
5. 55
$7. 22
8. 12
8.30
6. 53
6. 71
6.88
5.91
7.04
7.79
6.44
6. 33
6.74
6.32
5. 54
5.64
5.41
6.84
7.27
5,67
7. 30
5.21
5.07
5.30
5. 13
5. 19
5.07
5.54
5.78
4. 50
6. 03
5.63
5.30
5. 55
5.24
5,85
6.58
4.64
4.88
5.61
5.69
6.07
7.06
6.51
7. 30
6.35
6.45
6.98
5.96
5.84
5.81
6. 32
6. 39
6. 70
5.90
5 77
5. 65
5 93
4 70
6 00
6 03
6 03
6 16
5 65
5 96
5 40
5 50
5 50
5 53
5.85
$7. 39
8.44
8. 66
6.58
6.77
6.92
5.96
$7.40
(*)
—
(*)
—
—
7.05
7.77
6.49
6.35
6.82
6.35
5.61
5.74
5.43
6.97
7,46
5.73
7. 41
5.29
5. 10
5.41
5. 11
5. 19
5,04
5. 57
5.84
4.46
6.06
5.71
5.33
5.60
5.25
5.93
7.08
6.68
6786
4.72
4.98
5.73
4.72
4. 92
5.68
5.77
6.11
7.12
6.49
7. 39
6.38
6.48
7.02
5.99
5.75
5.96
6. 35
6.43
6. 73
5.93
5.79
5.70
5 96
4. 77
6.04
6 07
6 05
6 20
5 72
6 03
5 42
5 53
5 57
5 61
5.91
—
6.58
—
—
—
5. 58
—
—
(*)
—
5.80
7.54
5.30
1*)
£59
5T60
6.15
(*)
(*)
—
—
—
(*)
_
—
—
5.72
—
—
—
6. 12
—
—
—
—
(*)
—
5.54
—
5.95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagriculturaf payrolls, by industry—Continued
1
Average weekly hours
sic
Code
Industry
Average overtime hours
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May P
1977
June
1977^
40.9
40. 1
41.3
41. 1
41. 0
41.6
42.3
40.2
40.3
41.6
41. 8
42.4
43.5
41.4
41. 1
41.0
41.3
41. 7
39.3
40.9
41.2
41.4
42. 8
44.0
43.5
42. 1
41.3
41.9
40.4
41. 1
40. 8
41.7
(*)
42.0
40.5
40.6
40.3
39.7
39.9
41.4
41.6
41. 6
40.6
41. 1
39.6
39.5
41. 5
4 1. 1
42.7
44. 0
43.0
42.3
40. 6
40. 9
40. 1
40. 5
39.9
41.0
44.8
40.5
40.2
40. 7
40. 0
39. 8
40.2
40.3
41. 1
39.4
40. 5
40.0
40.4
41.4
41.0
41. 8
42.2
40.2
40.4
40.9
40.9
41.3
45.3
40.6
40.3
40.7
39.9
39.3
40.4
40. 5
41.7
39.4
40.6
39.9
40.6
41.9
41.5
42.2
42.7
40.4
40.3
40.9
41.2
40.5
43.8
40.9
40.2
41.4
39.5
38.7
40. 1
39.6
40.3
38.7
39.4
40. 1
39.6
42.0
41. 8
42.3
40.5
39.9
40. 1
40.9
41. 1
40.9
44.5
41. 1
40.5
41. 5
39.4
39. 1
39.6
40.3
41.0
39.3
40.3
40.3
40.2
41.7
40.9
42.6
41.4
40.2
40.3
41.3
41.4
41.0
40. 7
41.0
40. 5
40.6
40.4
39.6
42.0
41.4
39.6
41.6
41. 8
42. 8
40.3
40.2
41.0
40. 8
40.5
41. 1
40.6
40. 7
40. 8
40.4
41.0
41. 7
41.9
40. 7
40.9
41.7
41.2
40. 8
41.8
40.4
40. 7
41. 1
39.7
39.8
39.7
41.2
41. 1
40. 5
43. 1
40.2
41. 0
42. 8
44. 3
44. 0
41.6
40. 1
40. 5
41.4
39.9
38.3
40.6
41. 1
41.2
40. 7
42.7
40.6
41.4
42. 8
44. 3
44. 0
41.6
40. 0
41. 1
40. 8
40. 2
41. 1
41. 1
42.2
41.3
40. 8
40. 6
41.3
41.6
39.5
38. 9
42. 1
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
3. 5
2. 5
2.4
4.3
4.8
3.7
3.0
2.9
4.6
5.3
3.6
2.9
2. 8
4. 1
4.6
3. 7
2. 8
2.7
4.3
4. 7
40.9
3.4
4. 1
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.4
42.9
4.8
5. 1
5.3
5._3
41.4
5.4
4.4
3.2
5.3
5.0
3.4
6.5
4.6
3.2
6.4
4.6
3.8
(*)
4. 1
3.3
3.7
4.3
41.6
45.7
40. 8
3.4
4.7
2.8
3.5
5. 1
3.0
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
2.8
3. 1
2.9
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.9
2. 8
2.6
2.4
2.7
42.4
3.5
3.9
4.3
4.5
43.1
40.6
40.8
41.3
4.7
3.3
3.0
3.0
5. 1
3.6
2.8
3.0
4.5
3.1
2,7
3.2
4.7
3.5
2.8
3.3
41.9
(*)
3.0
3.4
3. 1
3.6
3.3
2.5
3.5
2.6
(*)
2.6
2.4
1. 7
2.7
2.6
1.9
3.5
2.7
2.2
3.3
2.9
2. 2
(*)
4.0
3.3
3.9
3.5
4.9
4.6
5.0
4. 8
2.9
3.2
3.9
4. 0
41.4
2. 8
2. 8
2.8
3.3
41.3
2.6
2.8
2. 7
2.9
2. 7
3.6
3.2
4.0
3.8
3.3
4.2
3. 8
2.9
2.4
3. 0
2.9
2. 7
2.6
2.6
2. 7
2.5
2. 5
3.9
2.6
2.6
3.8
2. 1
2.2
3.9
2.4
2.4
4.2
June DP
1977
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnance and basic steel products . . .
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum castings
34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3448,9
345
3461
3462
346
347
348
349
3494.8
F A B R I C A T E D M E T A L PRODUCTS
36
351
3611
3519
362
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
3537
354
3541
3544
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3564
3566
357
3573
358
3585
359
M A C H I N E R Y , EXCEPT E L E C T R I C A L
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products
....
Iron and steel forgings
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, Incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
....
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
....
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
..
Sheet metal work
Architectural and misc. metal work . . . .
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous fabricated metal product!
...
..
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery . . .
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails . . .
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types . . . .
Special dies, tools, jig and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans . . .
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Seruice industry machines
Refrigeration machinery
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical .
39. 9
40. 9
41.5
39.2
40. 1
42.4
43.2
42.4
43. 1
42.4
42.3
40.6
40.9
40.3
40. 8
41.0
42. 5
40. 7
39.9
42.4
41. 5
40. 0
41. 8
41.7
43. 2
40. 8
40.0
41.0
41.3
40. 8
41. 0
40. 8
40. 8
41.3
41. 7
40.9
42. 0
42. 1
40. 6
40.9
41.9
39. 9
40. 0
40. 5
40. 9
41. 9
41.3
39.9
40.7
40. 9
41. 1
39. 1
38.5
41.6
(*)
40.9
(*)
40. 0
42.4
See footnotes at end of table.
97
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
sic
Industry
Code
ft*
Apr.
1977
M a y DP
1977
June-.
1977 P
M a y Po
1977
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
$4.82
4.99
5.00
4.68
5.20
4.87
4.94
4.65
4.79
5.07
5.53
4.12
4.59
4.60
4.88
4.37
4.43
5.49
5.56
5.45
4. 05
5.14
3.91
5.59
6. 10
$4.84
4.99
4.96
4.71
5.22
4.86
4.92
4.64
4.79
5.04
5.53
4.13
4.58
4.60
4.89
4.35
4.54
5.51
5.57
5.47
4.08
5.15
3.94
5.60
6.08
$5.20
5.37
5.22
5.09
5.69
5.27
5.39
4.93
5.16
5.36
6.07
4.41
4.89
5.19
4.94
4.71
4.78
5.99
6.13
5.88
4.37
5.52
4.22
5.97
6.55
$5.26
5.39
5.25
5.05
5.74
5.31
5.44
4.95
5.21
5.33
6.17
4.44
4.92
5.23
4.97
4.74
4.77
6.02
6.15
5.91
4.41
5.56
4.27
6.20
6.95
$5.29
(*)
June DP
1977
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
36
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674,9
369
3694
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES .
Electric test and distributing equipment....
Electric measuring instruments
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equip, and supplies..
Engine electrical equipment
$193.76 $195.05
200.10 200.10
203.50 199.89
186.26 190.76
208.00 207.23
196.26 195.37
200.07 197.78
184.14 184.21
192.08 190,16
201.79 199.58
218.44 216.22
163.98 162.72
185.44 184.12
188.60 189.06
195.20 194.62
176.55 174.44
175.87 179.33
221.25 224.26
225.74 228.93
218.55 220.44
160.79 162.79
204.06 210.64
155.23 156.81
230.87 234.64
353.15 258.40
$207.48 $210.93 $214.77
214.26 215.06
(*)
£07.23 207.90
_
205.64 204.02
_
226.46 227.88
211.85 215.06 218.00
_
218.83 221.95
_
191.28 193.55
202.27 204.75 208.55
_
207.87
218.69
_
221.56 232.61
171.55 172.27
193.16 195.82
(*)
209.68 213.91
190.68 192.84
186.52 189. 13
181.64 180.78
(*)
246. 19 248.63
(*)
256.85 257.69
237.55 241.72
173.49 175.96 178.09
221.35 227.96
167.11 169.95
243.58 252.96
(*)
269.86 282.87
275.40
312.76
327.15
352.27
225.74
310.10
196.39
260.53
268.06
257.58
246.51
221.20
235.03
175.08
261.89
179.08
279.06
319.69
343.91
359.92
227.42
309.84
197.06
259.26
266. 18
257.44
247.10
222.88
236.01
176.67
255.57
177.76
294.42
339.79
356.98
361.20
244.82
339.13
210.67
279.07
287.58
277.70
262.29
232.07
247.98
181.70
273.02
183.91
303.45
351.90
377.35
390.39
245.22
344.43
211.20
284.81
292.86
280.85
271.36
231.27
(*)
183.46
(*)
184.47
308.30
(*)
_
_
_
_
_
284.69
_
_
_
(*)
375,9
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT**
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts * *
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
195.77
206.04
190.54
193.19
186.22
172.46
156.42
170.34
257.23
157.17
195.62
205.84
189.48
195.21
181.40
171.20
154.84
172.73
254.52
155.20
204.40
220.86
201.60
208.28
190.00
181.49
164.51
174.92
267.62
162.68
207.66
223.02
206.45
212.38
195.86
184.46
165.75
178.82
267.86
162.68
209.71
_
208.18
_
_
(*)
39
391
MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES . . . .
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts
154.41
164.19
141.30
132.33
150.90
157.56
132.00
168.78
156.00
154.41
164.09
141.31
133.41
14Q.77
157.56
134. 17
168.00
156.80
166.10
172.93
152.87
144. 02
161.11
171.17
147.82
178.55
164.44
168.52
174.86
154.41
144.78
163.88
174.12
148.21
181.96
166.80
169.81
(*)"
196.00
198.90
243.98
238.55
121.72
197.78
200.10
242.90
243.17
125.18
208.30
206.66
258.08
251.93
122.46
210.01
209.33
259.97
254.64
125.60
213.06
(*)
37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3722
3723,9
373
3731
3732
374
394
3941-3
3949
393,9
393
_
_
- '
181.94
(*)
_
_
_
—
181.57
—
_
5.33
_
5.24
_
_
_
(*)
_
_
(*)
(*)
4.43
-
6.48
7.06
7.27
7.97
5.56
7.00
5.01
6.37
6.57
6.36
5.94
5.60
5.95
4.41
6.63
4.40
6.52
7.12
7.38
8.07
5.52
7.01
5.04
6.37
6.54
6.42
5.94
5. 60
5.93
4.45
6.57
4.40
7.01
7.74
8.04
8.40
6.06
7.69
5.28
6.79
6.98
6.84
6.29
5.89
6.31
4.60
7.11
4.74
7.09
7.82
8.15
8.58
6.10
7.74
5.28
6.83
7.04
6.85
6.37
5.93
(*)
4.68
(*)
4.73
7.12
(*)
_
_
_
_
_
6.86
_
_
_
(*)
4.81
5.05
4.67
4.77
4.52
4.29
3.94
4.28
6.11
3.90
4.83
5.07
4.69
4.82
4.49
4.28
3.94
4.34
6.06
3.88
5.11
5.40
4.99
5.13
4.75
4.56
4.24
4.52
6.48
4.15
5.14
5.40
5.06
5.18
4.86
4.60
4.25
4.55
6.47
4.15
5.14
_
5.09
4.56
(*)
-
3.99
4.21
3.67
3.51
3.83
3.90
3.52
4.35
4.00
3.99
4.24
3.68
3.52
3.85
3.90
3.54
4.33
4.00
4.27
4.48
3.95
3.78
4.11
4.29
3.80
4.59
4.26
4.31
4.53
3.99
3.80
4.17
4.31
3.81
4.63
4.31
4.31
(*)
_
_
_
_
—
4.62
—
4. 90
5.01
5.98
5.89
3.22
4.92
4.99
5.91
5.06
3.26
5.26
5.34
6.31
6.33
3.44
5.29
5.34
6.31
6.35
3.46
5.30
(*)
_
_
-
_
(*)
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2015
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats . . . .
Poultry dressing plants
See footnotes at end of table.
98
—
—
_
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
sic
Industry
Average overtime hours
May
197'
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
40.6
(*)
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.4
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.0
1.7
2.4
2.4
1.9
40,9
2.4
2.6
1.7
2.1
2.5
2.7
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.8
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.1
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.3
1.6
2.0
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.5
1.7
2.1
1.8
1.8
2.3
1.8
2.6
2~ 1
2.2
1.7
2.3
3.3
2~3
2.4
2.2
2.4
3.6
270
1.9
1.0
2.0
3.7
273
2.3
1.8
2.4
3.6
4.5
6.0
6.4
4.7
6.4
7.4
4.6
6.2
6.2
5.2
7.1
8. 1
6.1
6.1
6.6
6.7
2~6
2.2
2.8
3.3
2.9
2~7
2.2
2.8
3.5
2.8
27 7
2.1
3.1
3.7
3.3
2.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
1.8
3.2
1.3
2.9
1.8
2.7
(*)
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.9
2.5
3.4
2.5
2.2
2.3
3.1
2.0
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.9
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.3
1.7
1.5
2.0
2.4
1.7
2.3
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.0
1.6
2.2
2.3
1.7
2.1
2.5
1.8
1.9
2.2
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.4
2.0
2.3
1.7
3.2
1.7
2.2
1.6
2.2
1.7
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.7
2.1
1.4
2.3
1.8
2.0
1.3
3.7
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.6
3.5
4.3
3.6
3.5
4.1
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES .
Electric test and distributing equipment
Electric measuring instruments
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equip, and supplies. .
Engine electrical equipment
40.2
40.1
40.7
39.8
40.0
40.3
40.5
39.6
40.1
39.8
39.5
39.8
40.4
41.0
40.0
40.4
39.7
40.3
40. 6
40.1
39.7
39.7
39.7
41.3
41.5
40.3
40.1
40.3
40.5
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.7
39.7
39.6
39.1
39.4
40.2
41.1
39.8
40.1
39.5
40.7
41.1
40.3
39.9
40.9
39.8
41.9
42.5
39.9
39.9
39.7
40.4
39.8
40.2
40.6
38.8
39.2
40.8
36.5
38.9
39.5
40.4
38.6
39.6
38.0
41.1
41.9
40.4
39.7
40.1
39.6
40.8
41.2
40.1
39.9
39.6
40.4
39.7
40.5
40.8
39.1
39.3
39.0
37.7
38.8
39.8
40.9
38.8
39.9
37.9
41.3
41.9
40.9
39.9
41.0
39.8
40.8
40.7
42.5
44.3
45. 0
44.2
40.6
44.3
39.2
40.9
40.8
40.5
41.5
39.5
39.5
39.7
39.5
40.7
42.8
44. 9
46.6
44.6
41.2
44.2
39.1
40.7
40.7
40.1
41.6
39.8
39.8
39.7
38.9
40.4
42.0
43.9
44.4
43.0
40.4
44.1
39.9
41.1
41.2
40.6
41.7
39.4
39.3
39.5
38.4
38.8
42.8
45.0
46.3
45.5
40.2
44.5
40.0
41.7
41.6
41.0
42.6
39.0
(*)
39.2
(*)
39.0
43.3
(*)
375,9
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices . .
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watch cases
40.7
40.8
40.8
40.5
41.2
40.2
39.7
39.8
42.1
40.3
40.5
40.6
40.4
40.5
40.4
40.0
39.3
39.8
42.0
40.0
40.0
40.9
40.4
40.6
40.0
39.8
38.8
38.7
41.3
39.2
40.4
41.3
40.8
41.0
40.3
40.1
39.0
39.3
41.4
39.2
40.8
39
MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES . . .
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts
38.7
39.0
38.5
37.7
3 9.4
40.4
37.5
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.7
38.4
37.9
38.9
40.4
37.9
38.8
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.7
38.1
39.2
39.9
38.9
38.9
38.6
39.1
38.6
38.7
38.1
39.3
40.4
38.9
39.3
38.7
39.4
(*)
40.0
39.7
40.8
40.5
37.8
40.2
40.1
41.1
40.8
38.4
39.6
38.7
40.9
39.8
35.6
39.7
39.2
41.2
40.1
36.3
40.2
(*)
Code
June
DURABLE GOODS-Continued
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674,9
369
3694
37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3722
3723,9
373
3731
3732
374
391
394
3941-3
3949
395
396
393,9
393
39.8
40.2
("*)
41.5
(*)
40.9
("*)
39.9
(*)
39.3
372
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2015
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
See footnotes at end of table.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—'Continued
Average weekly earnings
sic
Code
Industry
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
Average hourly earnings
1977^
May
1976
June
1976
$4.86
83
06
4.24
3.85
4.51
3.94
5.22
.34
.41
. 10
.09
, 13
.53
4.44
4.29
5.64
7.57
4.42
4.75
$4.90
4. 88
5. 11
4. 19
3.84
4.38
93
24
44
42
16
15
18
63
46
30
83
78
4.44
4.77
$5. 10
5. 13
5. 17
4.56
4.06
4.93
4.23
5. 56
5. 82
4.77
5.38
5.34
5.49
6. 07
4.76
4.56
6.31
8.29
4.71
5. 08
$5. 12
5.02
5.21
4.57
4. 07
4.90
4.26
55
77
79
45
42
55
01
80
61
6.33
8.28
4.76
5. 11
$5. 10
5.58
6.45
3.34
5.68
3. 88
4.00
1977
May p
1977P
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
202
2024
2026
203
2031,6
2032,3
2037
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
206
207
2071
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued
Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned, cured, and frozen foods
Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods . . .
Canned food, except sea foods
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls . . .
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages
Malt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products .
21
211
212
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES .
Cigarettes
Cigars
195.45
222.68
121.06
199.79
230.44
118.67
211.30
249.10
122.54
212.04
246.39
123.58
218.68
5.13
5.86
3. 12
5.23
5.97
3. 19
5.59
6.42
3.33
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
226
227
228
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Textile finishing, except wool . . .
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
144.59
150.54
151.66
153.46
138.38
133.86
117.87
122. 11
135.20
119.13
159.83
146.69
136.35
158.30
146.11
152.15
152.40
156.29
138.23
133.82
120.46
121.79
135.23
118.63
160.66
154.46
137.83
159.90
155. 19
160.00
165.24
160.34
144.14
139.03
123.71
126.14
135.79
125.63
175.56
167.20
148.88
169.68
156.33
161.99
164.41
161.96
144.51
142.32
126.38
130.94
139.09
126.63
170.98
166.03
149.14
174.70
158.30
162.80
3.57
3.61
3.69
3.68
3.40
3.45
3. 16
3. 18
3.53
3. 16
3. 87
3.64
3.35
3.88
3.59
3.64
3.69
3.73
3.43
3.44
3. 17
3. 18
3.54
3. 13
3. 89
3.74
3.37
3.90
87
99
07
93
64
63
38
40
67
35
17
00
64
4.20
3.86
3.98
4.01
3.96
3.64
3.64
3.37
3.41
.67
3.
3..35
4., 14
4..02
.62
3.
4. 23
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
235
236
2361
237,8
239
2391,2
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear....
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats . . . .
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee . . . .
Women's and children's undergarments . . . .
Women's and children's underwear
Corsets and allied garments
Hats, caps, and millinery
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products . . .
Housefurnishings
121.00
146.65
112.91
111.37
114.82
111.60
115.20
110.20
113.63
129.81
112.75
112.89
109.32
124.81
113.63
112.22
109.43
125.22
147.46
116.25
122.06
153.41
112.55
110.33
115.13
110.63
117.23
113.55
113.53
134.34
114.37
114.50
110.83
126.98
112.65
113.52
110.49
123.50
147.07
115.69
124.95
154.88
113.05
107.80
111. 11
115.16
120.52
117.57
119.64
131.78
118.68
118. 17
114.20
131.67
112.68
114.43
111.49
127.45
153.85
119.82
126.38
157.76
114.95
109.90
114.08
115.97
119.85
119.00
117.57
132.68
118.34
120.41
116.02
136.16
112.17
115.76
115.02
130.66
157.38
123.46
130.68
(*)
(*)
3.38
4.04
3. 06
3.01
3. 12
3. 00
3.47
3.27
3.54
3.91
3.24
3. 11
3.02
3.41
3.03
3. 10
3.10
3.44
3.84
3. 10
3.40
4. 18
3.05
2.99
3. 12
2.99
3.51
3.33
3.57
4. 01
3.24
3. 12
3.02
3.46
3.02
3. 11
3. 13
3.44
3.85
3. 11
3.57
4.40
. 23
, 18
.23
,19
.63
.52
.67
4. 08
3.46
3.31
3. 19
3.73
3.,13
.26
3.
3..26
.55
3.
4..07
3.31
3.57
4. 37
3. 22
3. 14
3.25
3. 16
3.61
3.50
3.64
4. 07
3.43
3.29
3. 17
3.71
3.09
3.27
3.24
3.57
4. 12
3.31
3.63
(*)
(*)
26
261,2,6
263
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Miscellaneous converted paper products . . . .
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
225.68
264.33
266.20
198.58
186.76
199.89
189.72
210.31
193.77
229.61
269.34
272.45
200.31
192.51
202.52
193.34
212.80
195.00
247.81
295.55
302.62
209.90
203. 86
217. 15
202.28
231. 84
204.40
247.66
292.58
299.71
211.23
202.95
221.45
204.82
236.43
210.94
253.58
299.70
5.79
6.51
6.77
5. 80
6.56
6.69
5.19
4.95
5.26
5.02
5.55
4.94
5.87
6.66
4.65
5.08
4.57
5.39
6.08
6. 15
4.85
4.65
4. 88
4.67
5. 14
4.61
See footnotes at end of table.
1OO
&201.20 $206.29 $216.24 $217.
207.
192.23 203.50 206.74
227.48 228.
214.54
216.15
166.
168.72
160.70
156.71
136.
136.01
130.90
136.70
182.
182.90
177.24
165.13
154.
162.43
150.51
146.59
238.
239.64
223.94
228.46
261.
247.52 267.72
237.10
205.
194.48 205.11
187.87
213.
208.74
204.34
199.92
212.
206.66
203.43
198.51
216.
213.56
203.66
206.16
242.
244.62
231.15
235.33
188.
187.07
174.49
175.72
177.
176.02
166.45
167.70
258.
254.29
239.61
230.11
363.
363.10
339.21
339.89
188.
182.75
178.93
175.92
212.
210.82
199.50 202.73
$219.81
243.72
(*)
(*)
266.24
211.36
(*)
165.64
(*)
(*)
172.22
152.99
(*)
(*)
122.76
(*)
(*)
(*)
214.95
225?99
4. 89
5.59
(*7
(*7
6.40
5. 13
(*)
4.04
(*)
(*)
4. 14
3.1)6
(*)
(*)
3.30
(*)
(*)
5.23
5.~33
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
sic
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
tw?
tWr
Industry
Code
ftffp
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued
202
2024
2026
203
Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned, cured, and frozen foods
2031,6
Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods . . .
2032,3
Canned food, except sea foods
2037
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
Frozen fruits and vegetables
,
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls . .
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
206
Sugar
207
Confectionery and related products
2071
208
2082
2086
209
21
Confectionery products
Malt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products .
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES .
211
Cigarettes
Cigars
22
,
Beverages
212
221
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
222
Weaving mills, synthetics
223
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
224
Narrow fabric mills
225
Knitting mills
2251
Women's hosiery, except socks
2252
Hosiery, nee
2253
2254
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
226
Textile finishing, except wool
227
Floor covering mills
228
Yarn and thread mills
229
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
,
...
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
2321
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear. . .
2327
Men's and boys' separate trousers
2328
233
2331
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
2335
Women's and misses' dresses
2337
Women's and misses' suits and coats . . .
2339
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee . . .
234
2341
2342
Women's and children's undergarments . . .
Women's and children's underwear
Corsets and allied garments
235
Hats, caps, and millinery
236
Children's outerwear
2361
....
Children's dresses and blouses
237,8
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
239
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products . .
2391,2
26
Housefurnishings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
261,2,6
Paper and pulp mills
263
Paperboard mills
264
Miscellaneous converted paper products .
2643
265
2651,2
2653
2654
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes .
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
41.4
39.8
42.4
37.9
34.0
39.3
38.2
42.9
44.4
42.6
39.2
39.0
39.7
41.8
39.3
38.8
40.8
44.9
39.8
42.0
42. 1
41.7
42.3
37.4
35.6
37.7
37.3
43.6
45.5
44.0
39.6
39.5
39.8
41.8
39.4
39.0
41. 1
43.6
40.3
42.5
42.4
40.3
44.0
37.0
33.5
37.1
38.4
43. 1
46.0
43.0
38.8
38.7
38.9
40.3
39.3
38.6
40.3
43.8
38.8
41.5
42.4
41.3
43.8
36.5
33.5
37.2
36.3
43.0
45.4
42.8
39.2
39.2
39.0
40.3
39.2
38.4
40.8
43.9
39.5
41.5
38.1
38.0
38.8
38.2
38.6
37.2
37.8
38.8
36.8
40.5
41.7
41. 1
41.7
40.7
38.8
37.3
38.4
38.3
37.7
41.3
40.3
40.7
40.8
40.7
41.8
41.3
41.9
40.3
38.9
38.0
38.3
38.2
37.9
41.3
41.3
40.9
41.0
35.8
36.3
36.9
37.0
36.8
37.2
33.2
33.7
32. 1
33.2
34.8
36.3
36.2
36.6
37.5
36.2
35.3
36.4
38.4
37.5
42.5
44.5
44. 0
41.2
40.6
41.3
40. 8
41.4
42.4
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.3
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.4
43.6
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.4
"(*)
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.5
"(*)
3.2
2.3
3.4
2.3
2. 1
2.3
2.0
2.5
4~1.6
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.3
41.2
4.4
4.9
4.2
4. 1
38.0
38.2
37.0
38.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1. 5
1.7
2.0
.6
1.8
2. 1
.7
40. 1
40. 1
40.6
40.8
39.6
38.3
36.6
37.1
37.0
37.5
42. 1
41.8
40.9
40.4
40.5
40.7
41.0
40.9
39.7
39.1
37.5
38.4
37.9
37.8
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.8
40.7
(*)
41.0
(*)
(*)
3.6
4.5
3.9
3.9
3,7
2. 8
3.6
4.4
3.8
4. 1
3.6
2. 7
3.3
3.5
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.1
3. 1
41.6
4.0
3.4
3.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.4
4.5
3.6
3.5
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.2
35.9
36.7
36.9
36.9
36.9
37.0
33.4
34. 1
31.8
33.5
35.3
36.7
36.7
36.7
37. 3
36.5
35.3
35.9
38.2
37.2
35.0
35.2
35.0
33.9
34.4
36.1
33.2
33.4
32.6
32.3
34.3
35.7
35.8
35.3
36.0
35. 1
34.2
35.9
37.8
36.2
35.4
36.1
35.7
35.0
35.1
36.7
33.2
34.0
32.3
32.6
34.5
36.6
36.6
36.7
36.3
35.4
35.5
36.6
38.2
37.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.2
1. 4
1. 2
1. 0
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.2
1. 2
1.2
1.0
1. 0
.7
.8
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.1
.7
1.0
.7
.9
1.4
1.2
1. 1
1.3
.9
.7
1.3
.7
.8
.9
37.2
.9
1. 1
1. 1
1.3
1. 1
1.2
_(*)
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.5
1. 1
.9
1.2
1.2
(*)
1.3
2. 1
1.0
2. 1
.7
1. 7
1.2
1.9
42.6
44.3
44.3
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.4
41.4
42.3
42.8
45.4
44.7
40.6
41.1
41.6
40.7
42.0
41.8
42.7
44.6
44. 8
40.7
41.0
42. 1
40.8
42.6
42.7
43.2
45.0
(*)
41. 1
4.7
6.2
3.5
4.7
6.2
6.5
3.5
4.6
6.3
7.2
3. 1
4.6
6.0
6.9
3. 1
42.4
3. 7
3. 8
3.4
3.8
4. 1
4.2
4.0
4.4
43.1
41.8
(*)
36.0
(*)
(*)
6.6
See footnotes at end of table.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
sic
Industry
Code
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977
June c
1977
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May p
1977P
Juna*
1977^
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
27
271
272
273
275
2751
2752
278
274,6,7,9
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals . .
,
BOOKS
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, except
lithographic
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Other publishing and printing ind . .
$212.
213.
222.
191.
220.
$211.88 $223.65 $225.38 $227.33
216.32 224.74 223.42
(*)
215.05 235.74 236.74
190.46 201.68 208.46
217.32 231.21 233.53 235.68
214.
229.
169.
216.
209.83
228.86
169.69
217.88
223.29
244.44
180.50
226.86
223.27
248.82
184.16
231.21
184.47
235.98
$5.66
6.27
5.83
4.86
5.67
$5.65
6.27
5.75
4.96
5.63
$5.98
6.61
6.22
5.08
5.99
$6.01
6.61
6.23
5. 16
6.05
5.51
5.98
4.36
5.64
5.45
5.96
4.34
5.63
5.83
6.30
4.64
5.97
5.86
6.38
4.71
5.99
$6.03
(*)
6.09
4.67
6.02
28
281
2812
2818
2819
282
2821
2823,4
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
287
2871,2
286,9
2892
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial chemicals
Alkalies and chlorine
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee.
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Synthetic fibers
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
Paints and allied products
Agricultural chemicals
Fertilizers, complete and mixing only
Other chemical products
Explosives
240.86
271.55
261.46
303.30
252.34
236.14
259.42
213.73
222.50
217.06
225.33
294.42
187.38
227.39
215.56
201.71
222.89
212.80
242.94
273.65
275.20
302.60
255.03
2 38.78
260.89
215.74
224.00
218.94
226.55
298.91
186.91
225.72
217.75
203.52
224.13
220.71
262.71
299.90
317.58
329.95
283.33
257.88
276.62
234.36
236.47
230.45
241.40
318.02
191.88
236.87
242.44
231.54
243.60
231.54
262.29 266.07
298.70 304.31
320.29
321.73
285.69
256.06
J*)
277.34
230.92
238. 14 240. 17
231.95
245.22 248. 87
321.14
197.00
240.95
(*)
242.30
(_*)
227.76
238.05 242.86
231.24
5.79
6.45
6.27
7.07
6. 11
5.69
5.95
5.33
5.44
5.32
5.55
7.01
4.72
5.44
06
68
41
5.32
5.84
6.50
6.40
7. 12
6.19
5.74
5.97
5.38
5.45
5.34
5.58
7. 10
4.72
5.40
5.16
4.80
5.44
5.37
6.27
7.04
7.42
7.62
6.73
6. 14
6.33
73
81
69
99
59
92
82
51
10
80
5.62
6.29
7.03
7.38
7.57
6.77
6. 17
6.42
5.73
5.88
5.77
6.04
61
00
82
57
20
5.75
5.64
6.35
7. 11
29
291
295,9
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products . . .
300.04
323.95
232.09
300.04
322.76
236.85
328.79
361.24
239.25
327.59
358.70
241.96
331.87
360.82
(*)
11
75
36
7. 11
7.74
5.42
7.70
8.46
5.59
7.69
8.44
5.64
7.70
8.47
(*)
30
301
302,3,6
302
307
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Rubber footwear
Miscellaneous plastics products
176.58
250.40
185.54
125.17
165.22
177.39
249.79
186.24
124.49
166.03
207.46
322.99
203.09
130.31
174.76
207.14
313.40
203.59
131.04
176.84
211.46
(*)
(*)
4.36
5.73
4.57
3.42
4. 11
4.38
5.69
4.61
3.42
4. 13
5.06
13
99
58
4.38
5.04
6.98
4.99
3.59
4.41
5. 12
*)
*)
31
311
314
312,3,5-7,9
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Other leather products
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods . . .
131.33
180.45
125.84
127.19
129.17
123.46
129.65
177.12
123.23
129.75
128.50
125.87
132.49
183.85
125.58
131.04
136.88
122.50
135.40
189.21
128.04
135.39
140.22
131.35
138.30
(*)
131.51
137.20
3.42
4.50
3.26
3.41
3.51
3.31
3.43
4.53
3.,26
3..46
3.,54
3.33
3.61
4.69
3.45
3.60
3.74
3.49
3.63
4.79
3.47
3.62
3. 80
3.55
3.63
(*)
3.47
3.62
252.41
256.80
271.32
273.20
274.32
6.39
6.42
6.80
6.83
6.79
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
179.38
4011
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads2
293.09
306.43
312.91
(*)
6.88
6.84
7.21
(*)
411
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT:
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
214.67
266.56
217.62
263.89
223.26
290.32
232.47
283.02
5.34
6.80
5.40
6.89
5.71
7.24
5.74
7.22
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals . . .
Public warehousing
258.73
264.62
182.91
264.31
270.25
183.69
273.76
280.78
189.50
278.64
286.12
192.15
6.42
6.55
4.69
6.51
6.64
4.71
6. 81
6.95
5.00
6.88
7.03
5.03
PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION .
305.78
303.32
351.88
343.18
7.44
7.38
8.26
8.21
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4 . . . .
Telegraph communication5
Radio and television broadcasting . .
236.23
238.46
177.89
298.16
254.81
227.95
236.84
239.09
177.07
303.12
254.62
227.95
263.07
267.70
198.70
340.49
287.87
245.55
262.68
266.90
200.90
342.14
293.02
246.09
6.12
6.21
5.31
7. 15
6.23
5.83
6. 12
6.21
5.27
7.20
6. 18
5.83
6.66
6.76
5.81
7.90
6.92
6.28
6.65
6.74
5.84
7.92
6.96
6.31
48
481
4817
4818
482
483
See footnotes at end of table.
102
(*)
6.07
(*)
5.81
4.44
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
sic
Average overtime hours
Industry
Code
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
197?P
38.7
2.5
1.6
2.8
3. 1
3. 1
2.4
1.7
2.2
2.3
2.9
2.6
1. 8
3.0
3. 8
3.0
2.6
1.7
2.7
4.5
3.0
39.5
39.2
3.2
2.9
2.0
2.3
3.0
2.8
2.2
2.4
2.8
3.2
2.3
2. 1
2.6
3.4
2.5
2.4
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
27
271
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
272
Periodicals
273
Books
275
Commercial printing
2751
Commercial printing, except
2752
Commercial printing, lithographic . . . .
lithographic
278
Blankbooks and bookbinding
274,6,7,9
Other publishing and printing ind
28
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
281
Industrial chemicals
2812
Alkalies and chlorine
2818
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. . . .
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2823,4
Synthetic fibers
283
2834
284
2841
2844
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
287
Agricultural chemicals
2871,2
286,9
2892
Fertilizers, complete and mixing only .
Other chemical products
Explosives
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
29
291
Petroleum refining
295,9
Other petroleum and coal products . . .
30
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
301
Tires and inner tubes
302,3,6
Other rubber products
302
Rubber footwear
307
Miscellaneous plastics products
37.5
34. 1
38.2
39.3
38.8
37.5
34.5
37.4
38.4
38.6
37.4
34.0
37.9
39.7
38.6
37.5
33.8
38.0
40.4
38.6
38.9
38.4
38.8
38.4
38.5
38.4
39. 1
38.7
38.3
38.8
38.9
38.0
38. 1
39.0
39.1
38.6
41.6
42. 1
41.7
42.9
41.3
41.5
43.6
40. 1
40.9
40.8
40.6
42.0
39.7
41.8
42.6
43. 1
41.2
40.0
41.6
42. 1
43.0
42.5
41.2
41.6
43.7
40. 1
41. 1
41.0
40.6
42. 1
39.6
41.8
42.2
42.4
41.2
41. 1
41.9
42.6
42.8
43.3
42.1
42.0
43.7
40. 9
40.7
40.5
40.3
41.9
39.0
40.7
44.0
45.4
42.0
41.2
41.7
42.4
43.4
42.5
42.2
41.5
43.2
40.3
40.5
40.2
40.6
42.2
39.4
41.4
43.5
43.8
41.4
41.0
41.9
42.8
3.2
3.5
3.3
3. 8
3.6
4. 1
3.3
3.5
40.5
3.7
3.0
2.8
4.7
1.5
2.9
3.7
3.6
2.9
4.6
1.7
2. 8
4. 1
3.5
3.4
4.5
2.6
2. 8
3.4
3.4
3.3
4.2
2.8
2.5
41.0
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.6
(*)
4. 1
4.9
3.8
3.9
3. 1
6.2
3.6
5.4
41.8
3.0
3.0
3.8
3.3
42.2
41.8
43.3
42.2
41.7
43.7
42.7
42.7
42.8
42.6
42.5
42.9
43.1
42.6
(*)
3.2
2.5
5.3
3.7
2.9
5.9
3.7
3.4
4.5
3.9
3.4
5.1
40.5
43.7
40.6
36.6
40.2
40.5
43.9
40.4
36.4
40.2
41.0
45.3
40.7
36.4
39.9
41. 1
44.9
40.8
36.5
40. 1
41.3
(*)
3. 1
5.0
2.6
1.3
3.2
3.4
4.7
3.4
.4
3.2
3.6
6.2
3.3
1. 1
3.0
3.5
5.5
3.2
1. 1
3. 1
37.8
39. 1
37.8
37.5
36.3
37.8
36.7
39.2
36.4
36.4
36.6
35. 1
37.3
39.5
36.9
37.4
36.9
37.0
38. 1
(*)
2.4
1.4
2.9
1.2
1.5
2.2
1. 1
1.9
3. 1
1.6
2.0
2.5
1.9
40.4
314
Footwear, except rubber
312,3,5-7,9
Other leather products
316
Luggage
317
Handbags and personal leather goods
38.4
40. 1
38.6
37.3
36.8
37.3
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
39.5
40.0
39.9
40.0
42.6
44. 8
43.4
(*)
40.2
39.2
40.3
38.3
39. 1
40. 1
40.5
39.2
40. 3
40.4
39.0
40.6
40.7
39.0
40.2
40.4
37.9
40.5
40.7
38.2
41. 1
41. 1
42.6
41.8
38.6
38.4
33.5
41.7
40.9
39.1
38.7
38.5
33.6
42. 1
41.2
39.1
39.5
39.6
34.2
43. 1
41.6
39.1
39.5
39.6
34.4
43.2
42. 1
39.0
31
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .
311
Leather tanning and finishing
37.7
(*)
_ ( * ) •
40.4
37.9
37.9
2.0
3.4
1.9
1.7
2. 1
1. 7
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
4011
Class I railroads2
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT:
411
Local and suburban transportation
413
Intercity highway transportation
42
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
421,3
Trucking and trucking terminals
422
Public warehousing
46
PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION .
48
COMMUNICATION
481
4817
4818
Telephone communication
3
Switchboard operating employees
Line construction employees'*
482
Telegraph communication^
483
Radio and television broadcasting
See footnotes at end of table.
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2.
Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average hourly Mrningi
Average wMkly earnings
sic
Co*
Industry
May
1Q76
June
1Q76
May
1977 P
1Q77P
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1Q77
May
1977 P
$6.49
6.47
6. 06
7. 30
5.22
$6. 51
6.50
6. 03
7.34
5.25
$6.93
7.04
6.52
7.62
5. 55
$6. 99
7.08
6.59
7.72
5.58
June
1Q77 P
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES-Continued
49
491
492
493
494-7
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY
SERVICES
Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems . . .
Water, steam, and sanitary systems . . .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
5266.74 $269.51 $284.82 $289.39
292.16 295.94
266.56 268.45
267.32 268.21
244.86 244.22
302.22
318.06
308.61
309.01
217. 15 218.40
228.66 230.45
132.33
133.51
140.01
140. 77 $142.46
3.95
3.95
4.23
4. 24
$4. 24
199.82
181.96
198.69
170.86
193.89
220.70
191.28
219.30
198.78
199.95
184.80
200.91
172.59
194.43
219.23
191.00
219.05
197.63
212.08
190.32
227, 15
180. 00
209-28
221. 16
202.40
234.40
207.86
213.79
190.71
225.79
180.58
211.75
223.83
202.92
236. 19
210. 10
213.72
5. 15
4.63
5.37
4.72
5.01
5.49
4.93
5. 51
5.19
5. 14
4.62
5.43
4.69
5.05
5.44
4.91
5.49
5. 16
5.48
4.88
5. 90
5. 00
5.45
5.70
5.23
5.86
5.47
5. 51
4.89
5.88
5. 03
5. 50
5.71
5.23
5.89
5.50
5.48
501
502
503
504
608
607
506
600
WHOLESALE TRADE
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment • •
Drugs, chemicals, and allied product!
Dry goods and apparel
Groceries and related products
Electrical goods
Hardware; plumbing and netting equipment.
Machinery, equipment, tnd supplies,,,,,,,
Miscellaneous wholesalers
62-60
63
631
632
633
64
641-3
66
661
662
666
666
67
571
66
62,66,60
62
661,2
663,0
601
504
608
RITAILTRADI
Retail general merchandise1"
Department storest
Mill order houses
Variety stores
Food stores
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores
Apparel and accessory stores
Man's and boys' clothing and furnishings . .
Women's ready-to-wear stores . . . . . . . . . .
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Furnltura and home furnishings itorai
Furniture and home furnishings
Eating and drinking plaofi'
Other ratail trade
Building materials and farm equipment . . .
Mptor vehicle dealers
Other automotive and accessory dealers • •
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Book and stationery stores • • < • • • • • > • • • •
Fuel and ice dealers
112.29
104.72
107.36
141.79
83.46
138.57
142. 68
95.68
122.18
84.68
93.02
95.04
148.63
153.19
71.68
142.30
157.60
193.55
159.19
103.02
120.24
176. 17
114.02
106.67
109.29
142.80
85.79
142.66
146.96
97.60
123.44
87.02
94.86
97.28
150.65
154.76
72.73
144.26
161.20
195.23
158.80
105.77
119.95
174. 10
119.07
111.30
115.24
149.49
84.39
145.36
150.25
99.75
125.78
84.88
100.60
105.77
154.22
157.60
79.20
149.92
169.88
206.06
168.82
108.46
125.35
189.60
120.08
113.39
117.30
151.80
86. 12
149.27
153.43
99.71
125.32
86.05
98.97
103.53
155.73
159.40
78.93
150.70
171.07
205.67
169.62
109.70
125.65
186.42
121.60
3.52
3.40
3. 52
4.22
3.81
4.29
4.39
3.20
3.83
2.92
3.06
3.30
4. 14
4. 22
2. 56
3. 92
4. 00
4.90
4.03
3.40
3.60
4.46
3.53
3.43
3.56
4.25
2.85
4.31
4.40
3.20
3.81
2.92
3.06
3.32
4.15
4.24
2.57
3.92
4.00
4.93
4. 00
3.39
3. 57
4.43
3.78
3.71
3.88
4.53
2.89
4.60
4.71
3.37
3.87
3.01
3.32
3.61
4.32
4.39
2.88
4. 13
4.29
5.23
4.21
3. 51
3.81
4.80
3.80
3.73
3.91
4.60
2.89
4.65
4.75
3.38
3.88
3.03
3.31
3.62
4.35
4.44
2.87
4. 14
4.32
5.22
23
55
89
4.78
3.80
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE?
160.01
158.84
166. 16
167.63
166. 16
4.36
4.34
4. 54
4.58
4. 54
135.
145.
142.
290.
169.
166.
162.
173.
134.32
143.23
139- 08
285.72
168.14
164.42
160.23
172.04
139-78
151. 53
145. 04
292.60
176.43
173.63
171. 00
179.79
140. 50
153.85
148. 06
3.70
3.89
3.85
7. 54
4. 54
4.49
4.28
4. 63
3.67
3.84
3.80
7.46
4. 52
4.48
4.25
4. 60
3.84
4. 03
3.92
7. 70
4.73
4. 68
4. 50
4.82
3.86
4. 07
3.98
60
61
612
62
63
631
632
633
Banking
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Security, commodity brokers and services
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
104
(*)
179.04
174.54
176.10
183. 00
(*)
4.80
4. 73
4.61
4.88
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
sic
Industry
Code
May
1976
June
1976
1977
1977
P
June
1977F
May
1976
"Tune
1976
p
1977
1977P
1977^
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES-Continued
49
ELECTRIC, GAS. AND SANITARY
SERVICES
Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems . t . .
Water, steam, and sanitary systems
41 1
41. 2
40. 4
41.4
41. 6
41. 4
41. 3
40. 5
42. 1
41.6
41. 1
41. 5
41. 0
40. 5
41.2
41. 4
41.8
40. 7
41. 2
41. 3
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
33. 5
33.8
33. 1
33.2
33.6
50
501
502
503
504
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . .
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Dry goods and apparel
Groceries and related products
Electrical goods
Hardware; plumbing and heating equipment
Machinery; equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous wholesalers
38.8
39.3
37.0
36.2
38.7
40.2
38.8
39.8
38.3
38. 9
40. 0
37. 0
36. 8
38.5
40. 3
38.9
39. 9
38.3
38.7
39.0
38.5
36. 0
38.4
38.8
38.7
40. 0
38. 0
38.8
39. 0
38.4
35.9
38.5
39.2
39-2
39.0
52-59
53
531
532
533
54
541-3
56
561
562
565
566
57
571
58
52,55,59
52
551,2
553,9
591
594
RETAIL TRADE
Retail general merchandise
Department stores
Mail order houses
Variety stores
Food stores
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings . .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings
Eating and drinking places6
Other retail trade
Building materials and farm equipment. . . .
Motor vehicle dealers
Other automotive and accessory dealers...
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Book and stationery stores
Fuel and ice dealers
31.9
30.8
30. 5
33.6
29.7
32- 3
32. 5
29- 9
31. 9
29. 0
30. 4
28.8
35.9
36.3
28.0
36. 3
39-4
39.5
39.5
30. 3
33.4
39.5
32.
31.
30.
33.
30.
33.
33.
30.
32.
29.
31.
29.
36.
36.
28.
36.
40.
39.
39.
31.
33.
39.
31. 5
31.6
30.4
30. 0
33. 0
29-8
32. 1
32.3
29.5
32.3
28.4
29.9
28. 6
35.8
35.9
27. 5
36.4
39.6
39.4
40. 1
30. 9
32. 3
39-0
32. 0
30. 0
29.7
33. 0
29-2
31. 6
31.9
29.6
32. 5
28.2
30. 3
29.3
35.7
35.9
27.5
36.3
39-6
39.4
40. 1
30. 9
32.9
39.5
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE7
36.7
36. 6
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.6
37 4
37. 0
38. 5
37.3
37. 0
37.9
37. 5
36. 6
37. 3
36.6
38. 3
37.2
36.7
37.7
37.4
36.4
37.6
37. 0
38. 0
37 3
36.4
37.8
37. 2
(*)
37. 3
36.9
38.2
37. 5
491
492
493
494-7
61
612
62
63
631
632
633
Banking
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Security, commodity brokers and services . .
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
37. 1
38. 0
37.3
40. 1
38. 2
See footnotes at end of table.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Industry
SERVICES
701
721
722
781
806
1
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
sic
Code
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels6
Personal services:
Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios
Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and distributing . . .
Hospitals
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
&144.96 $ 145.82 $154.51 $155.51 $155.78
May
1977P
$4.34
$4.34
$4.64
$4.67
99.18
101.71
2.99
3.02
3.22
3.26
113.72
116.62
114.75
116.88
120.41
124.33
121.80
123.91
3.24
3.44
3.26
3.51
3.46
3.87
3.47
3.86
259.10
140.83
267.49
144.14
271.65
155.38
281.12
155.94
6.51
4.13
6.54
4.19
7.13
4.57
7.34
4.60
Beginning January 1976,
data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$10,000,000 or more.
3
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard
operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1975,
such employees made up 30 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in
establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
4
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office
craft persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft
106
fflt
96.34
96.28
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
2
I977I
June
I977P
$4.65
persons; and laborers. In 1975, such employees made up 47 percent of the total number of
nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
5
Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
6
Money payments only; tips, not included.
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from all series in this division.
tBeginning February 1977 data not strictly comparaDle with those previously published, due
to change in pay practices of a large employer.
*Not available.
''Corrected data for March 1977 are: Transportation equipment (SIC 37)—$296.80 and
$7.00; Aircraft and parts (SIC 372)—$282.31 and $6.77.
p=preliminary.
7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
SIC
Code
Industry
Average overtime hours
May
1 976
June
33.4
33.6
33.3
33.3
32.2
31.9
30.8
31.2
35.1
33.9
35.2
33.3
34.8
32.1
35. 1
32.1
39.8
34.1
40.9
34,4
38.1
38.3
34.0
33.9
May
„
1977 P
1976
June _
1977 P
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1$77
n^p
June o
1977 P
i
SERVICES
33.5
Hotels and other lodging places:
701
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels 6
-
Personal services:
721
722
Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios
-
-
-
Motion pictures:
781
806
Motion picture filming and distributing . . .
Hospitals
-
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands-includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees]
1977
1976
Item
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Jan.
Apr.
Mar.
Executive Branch
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . . . .
Average hourly earnings
2 , 6 8 1 . 2 2,686.0 2,707.8 2,724.1 2,704.2 2,668.0 2,661.1 2,670.3 2, 674.4 2,645.8 2,654.9 2,662.8 2,664.0
40.4
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.3 f 39.6
39.5
39.4
39.3
39.6
39.2
39.3
39.2
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.4
1.2
.9
.9
1.0
1.
1
1.0
.8
.
9
.9
215.9
210.5
208.9
208.9
209.2
208.6
208.7
209.2
208.7
209.7
92 0.4
40.2
.8
919.6
40.0
.7
918.4
39.9
.7
917.6
40.0
.7
918.4
39.9
.7
917.4
39.6
.7
204.4
204.9
203.7
205.2
202.3
204.4
204,2
205.7
203.9
206.0
204.3
207.9
657.9
42.1
2.9
664.9
40.6
2.2
685.7
43.8
5.5
650.0
40.4
1.9
649.9
40.4
1.4
652.3
39.6
1.2
650.7
39.7
1.2
243.7
223.5
237.6
225.9
267.8
236.0
240 # 0
229.3
238.0
227.4
233.3
227.4
234.9
228.4
195.5
196.5
196. 6
197.6
195.7
196.2
196.1
195.1
196.5
196.5
199.5
200.0
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . . . .
Average hourly earnings . . . . .
930.7
39.8
930.2
39.8
.6
936.7
40.0
.7
938.5
40.1
.6
929.3
40.0
.7
917.2
39.9
.9
918.0
39.9
.8
191.2
192.6
188.2
189.1
191.5
192.9
195.1
197.0
201.5
203.5
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . . . .
Average hourly earnings
670.2
39.2
l.C
670.6
39.3
1. 1
672.8
39.0
.9
670.7
39.7
1.0
667.8
39.4
1.1
662.8
39.6
1.4
219.8
216.5
223.2
219.2
220.9
218.6
224.5
218.3
223.8
219.2
226.8
221.0
209.7
207.0
208.6
207.6
Department of Defense
191.1
193.!
1'ostal service
Other agencies
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . . . .
Average hourly earnings
1,080.2 1,085.2 1,098.3 1,114.9 1,107.1 L, 088.0 1,085.2 1,085.0 1, 069.1 1,077.4 1, 087.4 1,D92, l 1, 095.9
38.6
38.7
38.6
38.4
38.2
38.5
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.7
38.9
39.1
38.9
1.2
1.0
.8
.9
.9
.9
1.2
1.1
1.1
.9
1.0
1. 1
1.1
185.7
186. 1
186.2
186.6
185.4
184.9
187.3
185.9
185.6
185.1
NOTE: Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the
U.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage-board employees. Since these
188.6
189.6
199.0
199.5
197.5
198.5
197.4
199.5
197.2
200.2
197.5
199.0
198.2
199.8
198.0
199.0
averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supervisory and nonsupervisory, they
are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate only to production or
nonsupervisory workers.
C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry
Major industry group
May
1976
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime(
June
Apr.
May n
1976
1977
1977 P
1977
$4.93
$4.96
$5.31
$5.34
$5.37
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
5.28
5.47
4.41
3.83
5.00
6.46
5.19
5.49
4.69
6.16
4.66
3.89
5.31
5.46
4.56
3.85
5.04
6.48
5.21
5.51
4.70
6.18
4.68
3.90
5.65
5.94
4.72
4.12
5.37
6.92
5.45
5.83
5.06
6.65
4.98
4.17
5.70
6.00
4.76
4.12
5.42
7.08
5.50
5.86
5.10
6.68
4.99
4.20
5.72
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products
4.42
69
04
42
32
03
4.45
4.70
5.13
3.44
34
10
4,81
5.04
5.47
3.71
3.52
5.49
4.81
5.06
5.45
3.69
3.51
5.51
4.84
5.58
6.85
4.19
3.33
()
5.61
6.81
4.20
3.34
6.01
7.38
4.85
3.54
(2)
6.05
7.36
4.84
3.55
MANUFACTURING
1
2
.
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of
data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect.
108
p = preliminary.
(V
p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers '
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Gross average weekly earnings
Industry
May
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977P
Spendable average weekly earnings
Worker with no dependents
May
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977^
Married worker with 3 dependents
May
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977*
TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
$174.36 $185.40 $187.36 $142.51 $150.48 $151.89 $155.04 $163.35 $164. 82
91.26
90.95
91.63
84. 10
84.23
103.05 103.23 103.74
83.79
MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
227.60
134.52
249.35
138.84
230.38
127.56
237.67
140.47
244. 08 247.63
135.90 137.12
178. 86
99.04
178.69
105.61
189.95
105.76
192.41
106.54
273.20
151.27
199.49 213. 00 214. 35
117. 90 118.60 118.69
214.09
126.53
228.72
127.35
230. 17
127.45
140.01
77.96
140.77
77.95
111. 29
65.77
117. 06
65. 18
117.63
65. 13
124.49
73.58
129.76
72.25
130.27
72. 13
160.01
94.57
166.16
92.52
167.63
92. 82
132.09
78.07
136.59
76.05
137.66
76.22
143.97
85.09
148.71
82.80
149. 85
82.97
144.96
85.67
154.51
86.03
155.51
86. 11
120.78
71.38
127.95
71.24
128.71
71.27
133. 13
78.68
139.71
77.79
140.49
77.79
169.2
179.6
231.86 231. 86
129. 10 128.38
269. 88
159.50
298.52
166. 21
298.52
165.29
211.97
125.28
283.09
167.31
291.56
162.34
296.25
164.04
221.41 227.32
130. 86 126.57
205.82
121.64
220. 80
122.94
224.07
124.07
165.22
97.65
252.41
149. 18
271.32
151.07
132.33
78.21
249. 35
138.07
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
176.42
98.23
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index is an estimate of the average change in
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (All items. 1967= 100)
180.6 prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage earners and clerical
workers.
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 .
p = preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).
109
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group-Continued
[1967 = 100]
Industry division and group
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977 J
June
1977
Hours
TOTAL
113.6
115.2
118.0
98.4
100.8
104.0
138.9
139.2
146.2
113.0
119.0
97.4
99.9
97.8
100.4
40.4
110.5
108.2
108.5
92.9
105.4
102. 1
98.4
99.2
114.8
96.2
113.7
GOODS-PRODUCING
111.3
96.4
MINING
124.9
129.3
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
103.9
110.9
105.5
94.1
95.8
95.8
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
93.6
39.9
97.3
102.9
100.0
88.1
98. 1
94.1
91.1
93.6
109.0
94.6
95.3
40.3
101.9
104.4
102.7
90.7
99.9
95.2
92.5
94.6
110.0
95.8
95.9
39.9
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . .
Leather and leather products
94.7
91.4
73.5
99.0
91.4
96.2
92.9
99.2
113.8
106.2
80.3
96.5
95.9
73.5
100.4
92.5
98.8
93.0
99.9
115.6
108.4
80.0
121.6
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
MANUFACTURING
98.9
101.8
103.0
102.1
40.1
105.0
105.2
105. 1
89.7
99.8
98.3
94.9
94.7
110.0
92.6
90.9
102.2
99.8
96.1
97.2
112.1
94.2
95.7
90.9
70.6
98.5
96.8
91.7
65.9
103.0
117.5
131.0
72.1
99.4
94.5
102.9
120.1
132.6
74.1
99.2
94.8
66.7
102.2
90.9
102.9
95.2
104.9
125.5
135.2
76.8
124.0
124. 1
125.2
127.7
101.1
103.2
102.4
103.6
105.9
117.6
120.0
120.3
122.7
113.3
119.3
115.1
121.7
118.9
115.5
120. 1
116.3
121.7
118.6
124.3
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
125.8
127.9
130.3
131.3
133.3
SERVICES
135.3
137.9
139.3
140.2
142.9
SERVICE-PRODUCING
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
110
p = preliminary.
86.6
98.3
94.1
100.1
88.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 6.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payroll*, by industry division and major manufacturing group-Continued
[1967= 100]
Industry division and group
May
1976
June
1976
Apr.
1977
May
1977 l
June
1977F
Payrolls
200.6
205.7
218.6
223.5
229.2
GOODS-PRODUCING
177. 1
183.0
193.2
199.7
207.4
MINING
248.8
256.3
296. 1
297. 1
312.7
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
192.4
204. 8
202.2
217.1
229.5
MANUFACTURING
170.4
174.7
187.0
191.5
197.7
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
171.2
70.5
189.6
173.6
186.5
177.6
177.9
167.9
158.4
176.5
184. 1
160.7
175.5
71.3
205.3
177.7
192.9
183.8
182.3
170.7
161.4
179.4
186.2
162.9
187.8
76.9
212.8
186.5
204.9
194.0
189.9
187.0
178.1
193
197
168.4
193.7
78.1
221.3
191.6
213.2
201. 1
196.8
191.0
182. 1
200. 6
202.0
172.7
199.8
77.0
233.5
198.3
222.2
205.7
205.3
197.0
187.8
205.5
207.1
176.4
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . .
Leather and leather products
168.9
169.8
166.2
171.8
152. 1
177.9
160.6
185.2
226.2
168.5
132.7
173.2
178.9
169.5
175.1
154.9
185.3
160.3
187.8
229.8
172.9
132.7
185.5
181.2
174.0
185.2
152.3
198.0
171.5
208.0
253. 1
241.4
125.9
187.8
183.8
162.3
187.7
155.3
200.8
173. 4
208.5
258.2
243.6
130.3
194. 1
190.4
167. 1
192.8
162.5
210.4
175. 1
214.6
270.2
252.3
134.8
220.8
225.3
240.3
243.9
248.0
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
199.7
204.6
215.1
218.7
222.5
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
206.8
211.0
224.0
227.5
231.9
202.9
208.9
205.7
213.8
220.0
226. 1
222.7
230.0
225.7
235.3
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
212.4
214.7
229. 1
232.6
234.5
SERVICES
256.1
261.3
282.3
285.8
290.5
TOTAL
SERVICE-PRODUCING
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
111
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1977
1976
Industry
June
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
36. 1
36. 1
36. 1
36.0
36. 1
36.2
36.2
35.8
36.3
36.3
36.2
36.3
36.2
42.2
42.6
4.1.2
43.5
43.3
43.3
43. 7
42.9
43.6
44. 4
44.4
43. 8
43.6
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION . .
37.3
36.9
36. 8
35.9
37.3
37.4
37.3
35.4
37. 8
37. 1
37.3
37.4
36.7
MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours
40. 2
3.2
40. 1
3. 1
40.0
3.0
39.7
3.0
39.9
2.9
40. 1
3. 1
40. 0
3.2
39.5
3.2
40.3
3.3
40.4
3.3
40. 3
3.4
40.4
3.4
40.5
3.4
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical equipment and supplies .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind..
40. 9
3.4
41. 1
39. 8
38.6
41.4
41.2
41. 0
41. 2
40. 1
42. 5
40.5
38. 5
40.9
3.3
40.9
40.6
38.6
41.0
41.2
41. 0
41.5
40. 1
42. 0
40. 8
38.8
40. 8
3. 1
40.7
40.2
38.5
41. 1
40.9
41. 0
41.4
40. 1
41. 9
40.4
38. 5
40. 2
3.0
40. 1
39. 8
38.0
40.9
40.3
40.6
40. 8
39. 7
41. 1
39.9
38.2
40. 5
3.0
40. 6
40.3
38.4
41.4
40.2
40.4
41. 2
40. 0
41. 2
40. 3
38. 7
40. 8
3.2
40. 6
40.3
38.6
41. 2
40. 3
40. 8
41. 5
40. 3
42. 0
40.4
39. 0
40. 5
3.3
41. 0
40.3
38. 6
41.2
40. 1
40. 5
41. 2
40. 2
41. 1
40. 7
38.9
40.0
3.4
40. 5
39.9
37. 0
39.9
40.0
39.9
40.6
3 9.4
41.4
39. 8
38.2
40. 8
3.3
40.6
40. 5
38. 1
41. 4
40. 6
40. 8
41. 3
40. 6
41. 4
40. 8
39.5
41. 0
3.4
40. 6
40. 1
38.6
41.4
41. 1
41. 0
41. 5
40. 3
42. 8
40.4
39.3
40. 8
3.6
41.2
40. 0
3 8.4
41.4
41.5
40. 7
41.3
40. 0
41. 9
40. 1
38.9
41. 0
3.6
41. 1
40. 0
38.7
41.8
41.5
40.9
41.6
40. 1
42.6
40. 5
39. 1
41.3
3. 7
41. 1
39.9
38.4
41.9
41.6
41.3
41.9
40.4
43.0
40. 8
39.2
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
39. 3
2.9
40. 1
38.3
40.3
35.8
42.4
37. 5
41. 5
42. 0
40.3
37.0
39. 1
2.9
40.0
35.0
40.2
35.5
42.3
37.7
41.4
42.2
40. 3
37.0
3 8. 9
2. 8
40. 1
36. 8
39.3
35.2
42. 1
37. 5
41. 3
42.3
40. 0
36. 7
39.0
2. 9
40.2
37. 1
39.0
34.9
42.2
37.4
41. 9
42. 2
40. 5
36.5
39. 1
2. 8
40.3
37.5
39.4
35.0
42. 1
37. 5
41.6
42. 0
41. 1
36.4
39.2
3. 0
40.4
36.9
39. 8
35. 1
42.4
37. 6
41. 7
41. 9
41. 2
36.4
39.3
3. 1
40. 1
37. 5
40. 1
35.3
42.6
37. 7
41. 7
42. 5
41. 5
36.5
38.7
3. 0
39.5
36. 1
39.7
34.2
41.9
37.4
41. 6
42.3
40. 9
35.3
39.6
3.2
40.3
39.4
40.5
35. 7
42. 7
37.9
41. 7
42. 5
41.4
"36. 7
39.5
3. 1
40. 2
38.4
40. 8
35.6
42. 8
3 7. 7
41. 8
43. 0
41.2
36. 4
39.5
3.2
40.3
38.3
40.5
35. 1
43.3
37. 7
41.9
42. 7
41.2
37.4
39.5
3. 1
39.9
38. 5
40. 6
35.6
43.0
37.6
41. 7
42.6
41.3
37. 1
39.6
3.0
40. 1
38.6
40.4
35.9
43. 0
37. 7
41. 8
42.9
41. 1
37.3
39. 8
39. 8
40.0
39.9
39.8
40.2
40. 5
39. 8
40. 5
40. 3
40. 1
40. 2
40.2
Food and kindred products . . . .
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . .
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products . . .
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
33. 5
33.6
33.6
33.6
33. 5
33.4
33.6
33.2
33. 4
33.5
33.5
33. 5
33.2
38. 8
31.9
39.1
32.0
38.9
32.0
38. 8
32. 1
38. 7
32.0
38.7
31. 9
38.6
32.2
38. 7
31.6
39. 1
31. 8
38.9
31.9
39. 0
31.9
38. 8
31.9
38.9
31.6
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
36. 6
36.6
36. 8
36. 7
36.7
36. 7
36.7
36. 8
36. 6
36. 7
36. 6
36. 7
36.6
SERVICES
33.4
33.4
33. 5
33.6
33.5
33. 5
33.5
33. 5
33.6
33. 5
33.5
33.5
33.3
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
C-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1976
Industry
June
|
July
|
Aug. |
Sept. |
1977
Oct.
|
Nov. |
Dec.
Jan.
| Feb.
| Mar. |
Apr. |
Mayp|
June
Average hourly earnings
$4. 85
$4. 88
$4.91
$4.92
$4.95
$5. 00
$5.02
$5. 07
$5.09
$5. 12
$5. 17
$5.20
$5.21
MINING
6.33
6.44
6.34
6.60
6. 62
6.62
6. 67
6.67
6.72
6.78
6.79
6. 81
6. 83
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
7.68
7. 77
7.74
7. 71
7.76
7. 81
7. 82
7.82
7.88
7.90
7.95
7.95
8.03
MANUFACTURING
5. 16
5.21
5.25
5.29
5.29
5.34
5.38
5.43
5.43
5.49
5.53
5. 57
5.60
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
6.47
6.48
6. 52
6.54
6.58
6. 62
6.64
6.69
6. 74
6. 75
6. 83
6. 88
6.84
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
4. 08
4. 11
4. 15
4. 18
4. 19
4.23
4.23
4. 24
TOTAL PRIVATE . . .
3. 95
3.98
4. 00
4. 03
4. 05
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
4.34
4.37
4.43
4.39
4.43
4.42
4.43
4.51
4.48
4. 50
4. 53
4. 58
4. 54
SERVICES
4. 36
4.35
4.39
4.39
4.43
4.48
4.50
4.58
4. 58
4.61
4. 64
4. 67
4. 67
185. 86 187. 15 188. 76
104. 18 104. 09 104. 34
188.60
Average weekly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
175. 09 176. 17
102.87 103. 02
177. 25 177. 12 178. 70 181. 00
103. 17 102. 74 103. 29 104. 32
181. 72 181. 51 184. 77
104. 32 103. 37 104. 21
Real spendable earnings (worker and
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)
1
91.42
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
112
9 1 . 47
9 1 . 51
9 1 . 14
9 1 . 51
92. 24
92. 18
p = preliminary.
9 1 . 36
9 1 . 86
9 1 . 75
9 1 . 58
91.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
1977
1976
Industry division and group
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan,
Feb.
Mar.
Mayp
Apr.
June p
. . . .
111.6
111.8
111. 8
112.2
112,2
112. 8
113.3
112.3
114.2
115.2
115.6
116. 1
115. 7
. . . .
96. 8
96.5
95. 7
95. 9
96.0
97.2
96.9
95.2
98.3
100.0
100.9
101.7
101. 7
MINING
125.0
127.7
115.6
131. 7
131. 1
132.6
134.0
130.7
134.6
141.5
142.2
139.2
141. 1
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
104.0
103.7
102. 5
99.4
104.2
105.7
104.3
96.4
105.9
108. 1
112.0
113.0
111. 7
94.6
94.2
93.9
94.0
93.2
94.5
94.4
93. 8
95.7
97. 1
97.5
98.4
98.6
93. 8
93.5
93.6
93.2
92.0
93.8
93.6
93.2
94. 8
96. 8
96. 8
40. 7
40.0
39. 8
38.6
38.5
38.5
39. 5
39.0
38. 5
40. 8
98. 1
41.3
40. 7
103.4
104. 1
104.3
104. 2
105.3
101.5
106. 0
107. 4
104. 1
104.7
106. 8
105. 4
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MANUFACTURING
D U R A B L E GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
96. 1
98.6
97.6
98.2
99.4
100. 8
101. 1
103.3
102.3
101.2
102.4
102.2
102. 8
101.9
103.5
39. 1
103.0
98.5
102. 7
99.7
99.2
98.6
98.9
99.7
100.2
99. 1
96. 1
97.1
..
Lumber and wood products
. . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
91.2
89.2
90. 1
89.8
88.8
86.2
85.7
85.0
84.8
85.5
88.5
90.0
90.9
..
98.4
98.0
98.6
98.6
96.5
98. 1
98. 1
97.6
100.0
101.6
101.0
102. 7
103. 8
101.5
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
98. 7
. ..
94.5
95.9
95.9
95.9
94.0
96.7
96.0
95.7
97.7
98.6
98.3
100. 7
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
91.9
90. 5
92.2
91.5
92. 1
93.4
93.1
91.7
95.5
95.9
96.1
97.3
97.7
92.6
90.3
90.7
89. 1
86. 1
91.5
90.6
93.3
91.3
96.7
94. 8
96.2
97. 0
Instruments and related products . . . .
109. 1
110.3
108. 1
107.2
107.9
108.5
110.4
108.9
112.4
111.6
111. 1
112.9
114. 1
94. 7
93. 1
91.8
92.2
92.0
92. 1
91.6
93. 1
96.8
96.0
95.1
95.3
94.9
95.8
95.2
94.2
95.0
95.4
95.5
94. 7
97. 1
98. 8
97.0
96.5
96.2
96.6
95.5
95. 1
97.5
98.8
97.0
83. 0
81. 6
81. 6
76. 1
83. 0
97.6
97.9
75. 5
98.5
96. 8
95.2
96.4
82. 1
80. 7
75. 7
98. 5
95.9
75. 9
95.2
95.0
95.6
96. 1
95.4
97.9
99.5
99. 7
100.9
100. 1
Machinery except electrical
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
83. 4
82. 3
Textile mill products
98.6
98.0
84. 0
95.5
91.4
88.9
87.6
86.2
85.7
86. 1
86.3
84. 1
88.0
87.9
87.3
Paper and allied products
97.3
96.9
96. 1
96.5
95.7
97.0
97.2
96.2
98.0
98.3
100. 8
Printing and publishing
93. 1
92.9
93. 1
93.4
93.6
93. 7
93.0
Chemicals and allied products
99.0
99.4
99.8
100.3
99.4
100.0
100. 0
100.4
111.6
112.2
112.4
112.2
112.5
113. 1
114. 7
115.0
114.7
118. 7
107. 0
106.2
105.2
124.3
125.6
125. 7
127.6
127. 7
129.6
131. 7
76.0
74.7
72.5
72. 1
71.0
70.4
70. 5
69. 1
71.9
71.9
121. 8
122.5
123. 0
123. 6
123. 5
123. 5
124. 6
124. 1
125.3
125. 8
101.6
102. 1
102.5
102. 9
102.0
103.2
105. 0
102. 7
104.4
Apparel and other textile products
. ..
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee
. ..
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
93.6
94.8
101. 8
94.3
89.0
90.0
101.2
101.4
94. 9
95.2
95.3
103. 8
103.9
120. 5
120.2
121.0
134. 7
135. 8
133. 6
73.9
73.6
73. 1
12 5. 8
126. 0
125.4
104.2
103. 9
104. 5
104. 2
103.5
102. 2
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
118. 1
118.9
119.0
119.7
119.3
118.9
120.0
119. 1
120. 7
121.5
121. 7
121. 7
120. 7
WHOLESALE TRADE
114. 1
115.3
114.7
114. 8
114. 8
114. 8
115.4
117. 0
116. 9
117. 8
117.5
117.4
RETAIL TRADE
119. 6
120.3
120. 6
114.9
121.6
121. 0
120.4
122. 0
120.4
122. 1
123. 2
123. 1
123. 2
122. 0
126. 3
126. 6
127. 3
127. 7
128. 3
129. 1
129. 8
130. 6
130.2
131. 1
'131. 0
131. 7
131. 5
135.0
135.4
136.6
137.2
137.6
137. 7
138.4
138. 8
139. 7
140.0
140. 1
140.2
139. 8
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
1 .
C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
Millions of hours (Annual rate)2
Percent chsnQG
Industry division
June 1 9 7 6
APRIL
1977
TOTAL
MAY
JUNE
1977p
1977p
June 1977
to
A p r i l 1977
to
May 1977
May 1977
to
June 1977
156,001
156,623
156,422
3.5
0.4
-0.1
126,348
126,758
126,586
3.9
0.3
-0.1
MINING
1,956
1,922
1,948
13.7
-1.7
1.3
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
7,452
7,521
6.8
0.9
-1.1
0.3
PRIVATE SECTOR
40,651
40,887
7,439
40,997
3.8
0 6
DURABLE GOODS
24,049
24,242
24,391
4.6
0.8
0.6
NONDURABLE GOODS
16,602
16,645
16,605
2.7
0.3
-0.2
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
1
9,540
9,585
9,561
3.1
0.5
-0.2
31,809
31,805
31,630
2.6
-0.0
-0.6
8,494
8,552
8,551
4.5
0.7
-0.0
26,447
26,487
26,461
4.3
0.2
-0.1
29,653
29,865
29,836
2.0
0.7
-0.1
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
3
"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a sea-
sonally adjusted annual equivalent.
for Survey Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private Economy
and Major Sectors.
113
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
Quarterly indexes
Annual average
111.2
116.7
104.9
178.7
112.0
160.7
146.6
155.9
113.4
120.1
105.9
180.8
111.1
159.5
156.2
158.4
112.8
121.2
107.5
184.2
111.3
163.3
156.3
160.9
114.7
124.2
108.2
188.8
112.8
164.6
156.3
161.7
115.5
125.8
108.9
191.8
113.3
166.0
159.6
163.8
116.3
126.8
108.9
195.3
113.7
167.8
160.7
165.4
116.4
127.5
109.5
199.2
114.7
171.1
160.4
167.4
117.8
130.0
110.4
204.4
115.4
173.6
161.4
169.4
106.0
114.4
107.8
173.1
110.1
163.3
136.0
154.0
109.0
116.6
106.9
176.1
110.4
161.5
142.3
155.0
111.4
119.9
107.7
178.9
109.8
160.6
150.0
157.0
110.6
121.3
109.7
181.4
109.6
164.1
150.3
159.3
112.0
124.3
111.0
185.4
110.8
165.4
152.6
161.0
113.2
126.0
111.2
188.9
111.6
166.8
154.2
162.5
114.0
126.9
111.3
192.1
111.9
168.5
157.6
164.8
113.6
127.5
112.2
195.4
112.5
171.9
158.0
167.2
114.8
130.1
113.3
200.2
113.1
174.4
157.4
168.6
112.7
111.5
98.9
169.8
110.1
150.7
109.0
100.8
92.4
175.9
111.9
161.3
112.7
102.7
91.1
178.5
111.8
158.3
118.6
109.5
92.3
180.7
111.0
152.3
119.5
112.6
94.2
183.7
ill.O
153.7
120.9
116.5
96.4
187,8
112.3
155.4
123.1
119.0
96.7
191,7
113.3
155.8
124.8
120.5
96.6
194,6
113.3
155.9
124.7
120.9
97.0
198.4
114.2
159.0
124.7
122.4
98.1
203.9
115.2
163.6
109.7
113.9
103.9
163.5
109.2
149.1
107.7
107.9
100.2
169.7
110.1
157.5
104.2
96.9
92.9
176.0
111.9
168.9
108.6
97.9
90.1
180.0
112.8
165.7
115.2
104.2
90.5
182.7
112.2
158.6
115.5
106.4
92.2
185.7
112.2
160.8
116.5
110.2
94.6
189.5
113.3
162.7
119.3
113.8
95.4
193.9
114.6
162.5
121.1
116.2
95.9
195.9
114.1
161.8
120.4
115.8
96.2
199.1
114.6
165.3
119.6
116.7
97.6
204.5
115.5
171.0
129.7
127.6
98.3
191.1
112.1
147.3
125.2
126.0
100.7
163.3
109.0
130.4
121.0
117.5
97.1
169.3
109.9
140.0
117.1
107.5
91.7
175.5
111.6
149.8
119.4
110.4
92.4
176.4
110.6
147.7
124.4
118.1
95.0
178.4
109.5
143.4
125.9
122.5
97.3
181.5
109.7
144.2
127.7
126.3
98.9
185.8
111.1
145.5
129.2
127.4
98.6
188.8
111.6
146.1
131.1
127.9
97.5
192.7
112.2
146.9
131.8
129.4
98.1
197.6
113.8
149.9
132.8
131.4
99.0
203.2
114.7
153.1
116.4
133.1
114.3
192.3
112.8
172.6
165.1
195.7
107.0
162.9
109.1
127.7
117.1
165.1
110.2
155.2
151.4
167.2
66.4
142.0
10b. 0
123.7
114.6
169.9
110.2
162.0
157.3
176.8
60.2
146.9
108.8
119.7
110.0
175.5
111.6
167.4
161.3
186.5
61.6
151.7
112.5
122.4
108.8
178.3
111.7
165.9
158.5
189.2
82.4
153.5
114.8
126.2
109.9
180.8
111.1
165.4
157.5
190.2
102.0
156.0
114.3
127.5
111.6
183.7
111.0
168.7
160.8
193.4
100.5
158.6
115.3
130.8
113.4
187.4
112.0
169.6
162.5
191.9
106.0
160.2
116.5
133.0
114.2
190.7
112.7
171.0
163.7
193.8
107.1
161.5
117.2
134.0
114.4
193.7
112.8
172.8
165.3
196.2
111.3
163S7
116.8
134.5
115.1
197.4
113.6
176.7
169.0
200.7
103.8
165.9
117.6
136.4
116.0
202.9
114.5
179.8
172.6
202.2
101.6
168.2
107.7
117.7
109.2
170.8
110.8
158.6
134.9
150.4
108,1
114.2
105.7
176.1
112.0
162.9
138.6
154.5
113.2
126.2
111.4
190.5
111.7
168.2
155.6
163.9
106.7
121.0
113.4
163.9
109.5
153.6
127.0
144.6
105.8
117.9
111.4
168.5
109.3
159.3
129.7
149.2
114.9
106.3
92.5
179.8
111.5
156.4
122.4
118.2
96.6
193.2
113.3
157.9
115.5
118.5
102.6
163.6
109.3
141.7
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour .
...
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs . . .
110.9
101.3
91.3
181.3
112.4
163.5
117.8
112.5
95.5
194.7
114.2
165.3
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
. . . .
121.5
114.5
94.2
177.8
110.3
146.3
112.6
124.0
110.1
179.6
111.4
166.8
159.4
189.8
87.0
155.0
Hours
Real compensation per hour
Unit nonlabor oavments
Implicit price deflator
MANUFACTURING:
O u t p u t per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
. . .
Compensation per hour
Un ! t labor costs
. . .
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per h o u r . . .
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit profits
. . . .
Implicit price deflator
p=preliminary.
r=revised.
114
I
I
108.7
120.6
111.0
166.6
111.3
153.3
132.0
146.0
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
IV
IV
I
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
III
III
IV
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons
1977
1976
1975
1974
Item
1975
1976
III
111.3
118.1
106.1
179.9
111.6
161.6
149.6
157.5
115.7
126.1
108.9
193.7
113.6
167.4
159.3
164.6
109.2
118.0
108.0
177.4
110.0
162.4
144.8
156.4
II
II
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change
Quarterly percent change
LII 197! IV 197! I 1976 II 1976 II 1976 IV 1976 IV 1974 I 1975 II 1975 ill 1975 IV 1975 I 1976
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
IV 197! I 197dll 1976 II 1976 IV 1976 I 1977 IV 1975 I 1976 II 1976 II 1976 IV 1976 I 1977
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
-2.1
3.6
5.9
7.6
0.9
10.0
0.2
6.6
7.0
10.2
2.9
10.4
5.6
3.1
-0.1
2.1
2.9
5.5
2.6
6.5
1.8
3.5
8.8
5.2
2.9
2.9
0.1
7.5
1.3
4.5
2.8
3.9
0.3
2.3
2.1
8.2
3.5
8.0
-0.8
5.0
4.7
8.0
3.2
10.9
2.5
5.9
2.6
4.8
4.7
3.0
-1.6
7.8
0.4
3.0
15.8
7.0
6.1
8.7
2.4
7.2
0.8
1.0
12.7
4.7
3.9
7.8
3.8
7.3
1.2
3.3
8.8
5.1
2.6
5.5
2.8
8.0
2.4
5.2
2.9
4.4
3.2
5.2
1.9
8.1
3.0
4.8
2.6
4.0
2.7
4.7
2.0
8.3
2.3
5.4
3.3
4.7
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
-2.8
4.5
7.6
5.8
-0.8
8.9
0.6
6.2
5.4
10.5
4.8
9.0
4.3
3.4
6.3
4.3
4.4
5.4
1.0
7.7
3.0
3.2
4.4
3.6
2.6
3.0
0.4
7.1
0.9
4.3
9.0
5.8
-1.2
1.9
3.2
7.0
2.3
8.3
1.1
5.9
4.1
4.1
10.3
2.0
6.0
- 1.4
3.5
4.5
2.9
-1.6
7.7
0.3
3.0
15.8
6.8
5.7
8.7
2.9
7.1
0.6
1.3
12.2
4.6
3.9
8.1
4.1
7.2
1.1
3.2
8.4
4.9
2.4
5.8
3.4
7.4
1.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
2.8
5.2
2.3
7.7
2.6
4.8
5.1
4.9
2.4
4.6
2.1
8.0
2.0
5.4
3.2
4.7
MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
3.0
11.9
8.7
6.8
0.1
3.7
4
14
7.4
8.9
1.4
8.6
3.8
1.1
5.7
5.3
-0.5
6.2
0.1
0.4
-0.2
1.3
1.5
7.9
3.2
8.2
- 0.2
4.7
5.0
11.7
3.3
12.0
6.1
1.0
-4.8
8.2
0.8
2.0
10.9
15.6
4.2
6.8
0.3
-3.7
9.2
15.9
6.2
7.4
1.3
-1.6
5.2
10.1
4.7
7.7
2.1
2.4
4.4
7.4
2.9
8.0
2.9
3.5
3.1
5.0
1.8
8.6
2.6
5.3
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
1.1
8.7
7.5
6.7
0.1
5.5
3.6
15.1
11.2
3.8
4.8
9.9
13.6
3.3
9.4
4.6
-0.4
6.1
8.6
2.3
4.3
-1.7
-1.7
-2.1
-1.3
0.9
6.6
1.9
8.9
- 2.8
3.1
6.0
11.4
3.0
14.6
7.2
-1.4
-8.0
9.4
1.9
2.1
11.8
13.8
1.8
7.7
1.2
-3.7
9.8
16.2
5.8
7.7
1.6
-2.0
5.1
11.5
6.0
7.2
1.7
2.0
4.3
8.8
4.4
7.2
2.1
2.8
2.6
5.8
3.1
7.4
1.9
5.1
5.0
15.9
10.5
7.2
0.5
2.1
5.9
13.0
6.7
9.9
5.2
3.8
4.7
3.5
-1.2
6.5
1.8
1.7
6.3
1.6
-4.4
8.6
2.3
2.2
2.0
4.6
2.5
10^5
5.6
8.3
2.9
6.5
3.5
11.9
3.5
8.8
4.1
4.3
0.2
7.2
-0.2
3.0
9.0
17.6
7.9
5.9
-0.5
-2.8
8.2
15.4
6.7
7.0
0.9
-1.1
5.5
8.3
2.7
8.0
2.4
2.5
4.7
5.6
0.8
8.9
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.1
9.4
3.3
5.2
-2.0
4.2
6.3
6.4
-0.2
8.1
8.6
7.1
-5.9
6.7
3.8
10.6
6.6
8.2
3.6
2.2
4.3
-3.1
23.8
4.1
4.0
6.8
2.6
7.3
2.5
3.4
3.1
3.9
4.2
3.4
2.4
3.3
0.8
6.5
0.5
4.3
4.0
5.1
16.9
5.5
-1.2.
1.3
2.5
7.8
3.0
9.3
9.2
9.6
^24.5
5.4
2.6
5.7
3.0
5.8
3.1
6.0
9.3
3.1
6.7
0.3
1.3
0.7
2.9
71.9
5.6
3.5
8.6
4.9
6.9
0.9
3.1
3.3
2.5
30.0
5.2
2.0
6.2
4.1
7.1
1.6
4.5
5.0
3.2
9.1
4.9
2.2
5.4
3.1
7.5
2.4
4.7
5.1
3.8
3.3
4.6
1.9
4.2
2.3
8.3
2.3
6.C
6.2
5.3
4.1
5.C
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
9.2
4.5
4.3
8.5
8.3
11.5
3.2
7.1
8.7
2.8
8.1
5.6
-2.6
8.1
0.7
4.1
2.2
9.4
66.9
7.9
p-preliminary.
r=re vised.
115
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13.
Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas
Average weekly earnings
State and area
1976
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Mobile
1977
$179.17
217.89
205.65
$193.36
234.43
258.05
Average weekly hours
MAY
1977P
$195.05
238.21
241.60
Average hourly earnings
1976
AP0.
1977
1977°
1976
1977
MAY
1977P
41.0
4Q.5
39.7
40.2
40.7
44.8
40.3
41.0
41.8
$4.37
5.38
5.18
$4.81
5.76
5.76
$4.84
5.81
5.78
41.7
40.5
(*)
7.61
8.44
<*)
ALASKA
317.34
341.82
ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson
202.58
202.29
209.21
216.22
213.55
219.35
218.54
222.20
224.19
39.8
39.9
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.1
40.1
40.4
39.4
5.09
5.07
5.31
5.46
5.42
5.61
5.45
5.50
5.69
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
153.58
143.47
154.04
173.89
180.92
166.32
150.54
166.66
189.20
217.00
168.33
153.24
167.52
192.38
204.40
40.1
40.3
38.3
39.7
41.4
39.6
39.1
38.4
40.0
43.4
39.7
39.7
38.6
4 0.5
41.8
3.83
3.56
3.97
4.38
4.37
4.20
3.85
4.34
4.73
5.00
4.24
3.86
4.34
4.75
4.89
CALIFORNIA
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grqve
Bakersfield
Freino
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario .
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
218.75
206.63
237.80
201.06
204.69
207.93
194.78
231.49
231.81
200.59
215.60
266.34
238.00
195.78
211.37
239.00
231.55
233.63
218.56
245.63
215.20
219.05
223.65
200.19
239.60
248.63
220.41
230.50
285.12
254.23
206.98
212.06
254.54
227.48
237.79
221.82
251.65
216.65
223.41
224.63
199,68
240.20
247.92
217.34
224.23
290.07
2 57.75
207.64
220.41
749.38
235.74
39.7
40.2
39.9
39.5
39.9
37.6
38.8
40.4
38.7
33.5
3 '3. 5
39.4
39.6
39.0
38.5
39.9
38.4
39.8
40.4
39.3
40.3
39.9
38.1
39.1
40.0
39.1
38.6
39.2
39.6
39.6
39.5
37.6
39.1
37.6
40.1
40.7
40.2
40.8
40.4
37.5
39.0
39.9
38.2
38.4
38.2
39.9
39.9
39.4
38.2
37.9
37.9
5.51
5.14
5.96
5.09
5.13
5.53
5.02
5.73
5.99
5.21
5.60
6.76
6.01
5.02
5.49
5.99
6.03
5.87
5.41
6.25
5.34
5.49
5.87
5.12
5.99
6.36
5.71
5.88
7.20
6.42
5.24
5.64
6.51
6.05
5.93
5.45
6.26
5.31
5.53
5.99
5.12
6.02
6.49
5.66
5.87
7.27
6.46
5.27
5.77
6.58
6.22
COLORADO!
Denver-Boulder \
206.06
208.96
220.56
216.89
222.66
220.70
39.4
39.5
38.9
38.8
39.2
39.2
5.23
5.29
5.67
5.59
5.68
5.63
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
•
Waterbury
206.25
218.40
231.44
20 7.2 5
205.31
216.11
183.84
225.36
234.34
249.31
235.75
223.01
228.36
194.79
229.08
236.30
254.07
239.97
225.89
233.23
195.52
40.6
42.0
41.7
4 0.4
40.1
41.8
41.5
41.2
42.3
41.9
42.4
40.4
41.9
41.8
41.5
42.5
42.7
42.7
40.7
42.1
41.6
5.08
5.20
5.55
5.13
5.12
5.17
4.43
5.47
5.54
5.95
5.56
5.52
5.45
4.66
5.52
5.56
5.95
5.62
5.55
5.54
4.70
DELAWARE
Wilmington
223.85
2 54.18
219.57
258.95
214.30
257.94
41.3
41.6
39.0
39.9
38.2
39.5
5.42
6.11
5.63
6.49
5.61
6.53
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA 2.
210.21
211.63
211.42
38.5
38.2
38.3
5.46
5.54
5.52
FLORIDA
Fort La uderdale-Holly wood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
172.94
173.3?
216.20
151.64
177.16
213.53
180.26
208.66
182.46
181.19
209.22
157.03
196.39
231.26
193.II
211.85
185.49
184.68
223.72
163.07
197.28
229.15
194.00
206.98
40.5
40.4
41.9
39.8
41.2
42.2
40.6
41.9
40.1
40.9
39.7
38.3
41.0
42.2
41.0
40.2
40.5
41.5
40.9
39.2
41.1
42.2
40.5
39.2
4.27
4.29
5.16
3.81
4.30
5.06
4.44
4.98
4.55
4.43
5.27
4.10
4.79
5.48
4.71
5.27
4.58
4.45
5.47
4.16
4.80
5.43
4.79
5.28
GEORGIA
Atlanta
Savannah
162.41
203.52
211.72
173.41
213.25
240.24
175.24
219.38
23 4.00
40.3
40.3
42.6
39.5
39.2
44.0
40.1
39.6
42.7
4.03
5.05
4.97
4.39
5.44
5.46
4.37
5.54
5.48
193.55
181.42
207.18
200.02
203.11
194.21
38.1
36.8
37.6
36.7
37.2
36.3
5.08
4.93
5.51
5.45
5.46
5.35
194.30
206.72
216.21
38.4
38.0
38.2
5.06
5.44
5.66
k
HAWAII !.
Honolulu !
IDAHO
See footnotes at end of table.
116
<*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas-Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area
M&Y
197S
AP3.
i*)
* 249.13
$243.95
242.54
IOWA l
Cedar Rapidsl
Des Moines l
Dubuque \
Sioux City l
Waterloo-Cedar Falls l
Average hourly earnings
Average weakly hours
MAY
1977P
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
MAY
1977P
MAY
1976
$252.88
<*)
40.4
40.8
<•>
265.10
277.20
269.04
<*)
41.0
40.9
41.1
42.0
231.20
234.43
239.16
274.13
212.70
284.97
254.29
242.26
268.88
311.60
217.88
320.54
254.47
246.98
258.34
316.37
215.73
32 2.46
40.0
40.7
39.3
39.5
39.1
39.8
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
198.00
181.88
221.06
212.13
230.77
228.84
218.25
234.72
231.17
KENTUCKY
Louisville
202.40
233.56
216.?2
252.25
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
215.59
273.49
208.96
186.65
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
APR.
1977
MAY
1977P
I $6.17
$6.20
41.2
$5.95
5.93
6.45
6.60
6.53
(*)
40.3
39.2
39.6
40.0
39.4
41.2
40.2
39.9
38.5
40.2
38.8
41.5
5.78
5.76
6.06
6.94
5.44
7.16
6.31
6.18
6.79
7.79
5.53
7.78
6.33
6.19
6.71
7.87
5.56
7.77
40.8
4 0.0
41.5
41.2
42.0
40.9
42.0
4?.7
41.2
4.86
4.55
5.33
5.15
5.48
5.59
5.20
5.50
5.60
224.24
254.32
40.0
40.2
39.1
39.6
39.9
39.8
5.06
5.81
5.53
6.37
5.62
6.39
236.49
311.90
236.29
202.95
239.51
306.16
237.39
202.86
41.3
42.6
39.5
40.4
41.2
43.5
40.6
41.0
41.8
42.7
41.0
40.9
5.22
6.42
5.29
4.62
5.74
7.17
5.82
4.95
5.73
7. 17
5.79
4.96
160.40
140.30
169.62
174.64
139.83
180.35
176.76
145.16
182.80
39.9
39.3
40.1
39.6
36.7
39.9
39.9
37.9
40.0
4.02
3.57
4.23
4.41
3.81
4.52
4.43
3.83
4.57
MARYLAND
Baltimore
219.20
229.94
232.66
244.59
240.80
254.56
40.0
40.2
39.5
39.9
40.0
40.6
5.48
5.72
5.89
6.13
6.02
6.27
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
188.47
207.43
152.85
137.90
181.94
168.13
159.80
188.73
189.21
202.21
221.75
157.21
148.23
197.11
170.82
169.34
213.62
201.22
(*)
<•)
(•>
<*>
(*)
40.1
40.2
38.5
36.1
39.9
39.1
38.6
40.5
39.5
40.2
40.1
37.7
36.6
39.9
38.3
38.4
41.4
39.3
(*)
<*>
(*)
4.70
5.16
3.97
3.82
4.56
4.30
4.14
4.66
4.79
5.03
5.53
4.17
4.05
4.94
4.46
4.41
5.16
5.12
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
{*)
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing—East Lansing
Muskegon—Norton Shores—Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
292.61
331.94
282.51
306.79
311.24
353.35
224.26
242.58
254.89
332.05
248.66
346.47
316.83
367.82
293. 16
340.73
339.78
381.78
249.72
262.75
266.67
337.??
261.11
370.09
43.1
45.1
41.4
47.3
43.5
47.0
40.4
40.9
41.5
45.3
41.7
44.7
43.1
45.5
41.5
48.6
43.3
46.4
41.4
41.1
40.9
44.0
41.4
44.6
(*)
6.79
7.36
6.82
6.49
7.16
7.52
5.55
5.93
6.14
7.?.5
5.96
7.75
7.35
8.03
7.06
7.01
7.85
8.23
6.03
6.39
6.52
7.66
6.31
8.30
MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
215.82
194.04
229.25
236. 19
206*. 06
253.53
235.81
206.45
254.12
39.6
33.5
39.8
40.1
39.1
40.5
39.9
39.1
40.4
5.45
5.04
5.76
5.89
5.27
6.26
5.91
5.28
6.29
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
150.44
154.40
163.15
182.78
164.79
183.23
39.8
40.0
39.6
40.8
39.9
4 0.9
3.78
3.86
4.12
4.48
4.13
4.48
MISSOURIl
Kansas City 1
St. Joseph J
St. Louis 1
Springfield1
2 04.00
237.39
190.8 0
233.02
174.99
222.48
2 50.83
204.34
259.20
181.07
226.29
265.41
205.88
2 6 0.63
180.50
40.0
41.0
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.8
40.4
39.6
40.5
33.2
40.7
41.6
39.9
41.7
38.0
5.10
5.79
4.77
5.84
4.43
5.59
6.21
5.16
6.40
4.74
5.56
6.38
5.16
6.25
4.75
MONTANA2
231.45
252.72
248.53
39.7
40.5
39.2
5.83
. 6.24
6.34
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
Indianapolis
1977
<*)
(*)
(*)
See footnotes at end of table.
117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
State and area
MAY
19770
MAY
1976
APR,
1977
MAY
1977P
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
MAY
1977P
$195.82
183.33
215.78
$215.62
208.70
235.17
$215.46
211.85
231.46
40.4
38.8
41.4
41.0
38.3
41.1
40.9
38.9
40.7
$4.85
4.73
5.21
$5.26
5.45
5.72
$5.27
5.45
5.69
NEVADA . .
Las Vegas
206.22
262.55
219.33
285.20
214.76
(*)
37.7
39.6
36.8
40.0
36.4
<*>
5.47
6.63
5.96
7.13
5.90
(*)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua
164.34
152.48
183.42
178.40
158.37
210.25
180.10
161.98
208.42
39.6
39.4
40.4
40.0
39.2
41.8
40.2
39.7
41.6
4.15
3.87
4.54
4.46
4.04
5.03
4.48
4.08
5.01
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Camden f
Hackensack 4
Jersey City 4
New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville
Newark 4
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic 4
Trenton
215.18
170.04
198.58
202.54
224.60
236.39
221.53
210.08
217.75
236.65
176.86
223.20
221.76
222.22
251.34
244.53
221.68
243.72
237.48
178.67
227.29
222.82
226.97
259.68
246.03
220.46
243.76
40.6
39.0
39.4
41.0
42.7
41.4
41.1
41.6
40.7
41.3
37.0
40.0
42.0
39.4
42.1
41.8
40.6
41.1
41.3
37.3
40.3
42.2
40.1
42.5
42.2
40.6
40.9
5.30
4.3 6
5.04
4.94
5.26
5.71
5.39
5.05
5.35
5.73
4.78
5.58
5.28
5.64
5.97
5.85
5.46
5.93
5.75
4.79
5.64
5.28
5.66
6.11
5.83
5.43
5.96
NEW MEXICO .
Albuquerque
159.59
159.98
162.59
162.26
157.88
16 7.08
40.3
40.5
37.9
38.0
37.5
37.8
3.96
3.95
4.29
4.27
4.21
4.42
NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County s
Nassau-Suffolk 6
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 4
New York SMSA 6
New York City 7
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County 7
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 7
206.19
223.02
196.24
266.39
202.40
269.02
191.98
199.14
184.34
183.86
181.65
217.18
255.62
204.75
224.95
192.32
201.85
218.51
235.13
195.13
294.27
221.13
283.18
196.98
211.83
192.89
192.24
190.09
217.74
269.45
215.27
244.96
209.04
216.38
39.5
41.3
41.4
41.3
40.0
42.1
39.1
39.2
37.8
37.6
3 7.3
40.9
41.7
41.7
41.2
39.9
39.5
39.3
40.4
39.5
41.8
40.5
41.4
38.7
39.3
37.6
37.4
37.2
40.1
41.2
41.8
41.1
40.2
39.2
<*)
(*)
<*>
(*)
(*)
(*>
(*>
(*)
(*>
<*>
<*>
(*)
<*>
(*)
<*)
(*>
(*>
5.22
5.40
4.74
6.45
5.06
6.39
4.91
5.08
4.89
4.89
4.87
5.31
6.13
4.91
5.46
4.82
5.11
5.56
5.82
4.94
7.04
5.46
6.84
5.09
5.39
5.13
5.14
5.11
5.43
6.54
5.15
5.96
5.20
5.52
I*)
(*>
<*)
NORTH CAROLINA 2 .
Asheville 2.
Charlotte-Gastonia *.-.."
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point2 .
Raleigh-Durham 2
149.14
146.07
152.56
159.99
163.41
155.98
155.61
163.22
168.00
176.47
160.00
158.75
167.67
173.60
176.34
40.2
39.8
40.9
39.7
39.0
38.8
39.9
40.5
38.8
38.7
39.8
40.6
41.4
40.0
39.1
3.71
3.67
3.73
4.03
4.19
4.02
3.90
4.03
4.33
4.56
4.02
3.91
4.05
4.34
4.51
NORTH DAKOTA .
Fargo— Moorhead
187.93
205.22
198.66
203.56
202.40
211.30
39.9
40.8
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.7
4.71
5.03
5.12
5.26
5.23
5.46
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown—Warren
250.85
237.80
245.81
229.90
261.18
222.31
271.19
258.32
274.91
276.96
277.80
248.91
253.17
286.33
242.00
292.07
296.01
312.83
280.87
279.60
274.29
259.58
288.96
244.61
304.98
294.04
313.18
41.6
41.5
40. 1
41.2
42.4
40.2
43.6
41.2
39.9
41.9
41.9
37.6
41.3
42.8
40.4
42.7
42.9
41.0
42.3
42.3
41.0
41.8
43.0
40.7
44.2
42.8
41.1
6.03
5.73
6.13
5.58
6.16
5.53
6.22
6.27
6.89
6.61
6.63
6.62
6.13
6.69
5.99
6.84
6.90
7.63
6.64
6.61
6.69
6.21
6.72
6.01
6.90
6.87
7.62
OKLAHOMA . .
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
188.40
190.3 5
207.95
208.12
203.38
223.34
211.17
208.15
234.43
40.0
40.5
40.3
40.1
39.8
39.6
40.3
39.8
40.7
4.71
4.70
5.16
5.19
5.11
5.64
5.24
5.23
5.76
OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
Jackson County
Portland
231.86
245.78
237.94
230.49
247.43
273.91
254.78
240.28
254.02
<•)
(*)
247.93
39.1
39.9
39.2
39.0
38.6
40.7
39.5
38.2
39.2
<*>
(*>
38.8
5.93
6.16
6.07
5.91
6.41
6.73
6.45
6.29
6.48
(*>
<*>
6.39
NEBRASKA '
Lincoln2 .
Omaha 2 . .
See footnotes at end of table.
118
4
.
(•)
<*)
(*>
(*>
(*)
<•>
(*)
(*)
(*>
(*)
<*>
<*)
(*)
<*)
{*)
<•)
(*)
(*)
<*>
<•>
(*)
<*)
<*>
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area
MAY
1976
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
AP*.
MAY
1977
1977P
MAY
1976
APR.
MAY
1977
1977P
39 .3
38 .0
38 .6
39 .7
40 .6
39 .2
37 .5
40 .0
36 • 2
39 .9
40 .5
39 .2
37 .1
35 .5
33 .3
40 .8
39 .3
37 .5
37 .9
39 • 4
40 .2
39 .0
38 .5
39 .6
35 .3
(*)
40 • 8
39 .2
36 .9
34 .2
38 .3
40 .3
39 .6
38 .0
38 .5
39 .7
40 .9
39 .9
39 • 0
40 .2
36 .4
<*)
40 .6
39 • 4
38 .0
35 .2
38 .5
41 .0
$5 .28
5 .31
4 .56
5 .57
5 .26
4 .77
5 .97
4 .75
4 .18
5 .47
6 .33
4 .84
4 • 19
4 .16
4 .64
4 .67
$5.71
5.77
4.91
5.97
5.68
5.08
6.34
5.12
4.55
279 • 43
206 .19
171 .22
152 .87
193 .80
206 .45
222 .63
189 .81
238 .20
234 .36
205 .09
254 .67
206 .63
167 .08
(*>
286 • 64
210 .00
177 .84
158 .40
189 .42
209 .10
6.85
5.26
4.64
4.47
5.06
5.06
$5 .76
5 .86
4 .93
6 .00
5 .73
5 .14
6 .53
5 .14
4 .59
(k )
7 .06
5 .33
4 .68
4 .50
4 .92
5 .10
162 . 35
164 .81
168 .48
169 .74
168 .78
170 .88
39 .5
40 . 1
39 .0
39 .2
38 • 8
39 .1
4 .11
4 .11
4.32
4.33
4 .35
4 ,37
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
153 .12
173 .66
151 .70
155 .42
169 .23
193 .34
174 .28
167 .27
171 .36
189 .66
173 .20
168 .90
40 .4
40 .2
39 .2
40 .9
40 .4
41 .4
39 .7
40,• 6
40 .8
40 .7
40 .0
40 .7
3 .79
4 .32
3 .87
3 .80
4.19
4.67
4.39
4.12
4 .20
4, 66
4 ,33
4,,15
SOUTH DAKOTA1
Sioux Falls }
179 .34
226 .59
199 .34
241 .34
198 .19
245 .26
40 .3
41. 5
40 .7
41 .9
40 .2
41, 5
4 .45
5 46
4.91
5.76
4 .93
5.91
TENNESSEE 2
Chattanooga 2
Knoxville -2.
Memphis 2
Nashville-Davidson 2.
168 .08
177 .36
201 .06
193 .92
181 .49
18? .91
191 .63
213 .72
212 27
40 .6
40 .4
41 .2
40 .4
39 .8
40 .2
40 .6
40 .4
39, 9
39 .2
»)
<*)
(*)
4.55
4.72
5.29
5.32
4.98
(,
')
<*)
(•)
(*)
4 .14
4. 39
4 .83
4 .80
4 56
<•>
(*)
TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange . . .
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
200 i74
187 73
168, 92
281 .54
233. 93
187 17
140, 24
323. 84
250 81
15 0. 12
157. 32
169. 18
173. 84
213 .60
227 40
181, ?2
317. 24
241. 43
194 93
152 .00
342. 17
272 21
160. 29
162. 80
171. 57
191. 20
215 .74
223 .78
178 57
275, 18
235 .71
198 59
150 .15
342. 66
272 .64
165 45
166. 06
176, 61
190. 61
40 .8
40 ,9
41. 0
41. 1
43. 4
4 0.6
40. 3
44. 0
42. 3
41. 7
41. 4
39, 9
39. 6
40. 0
43 9
41 .0
41, 2
41 .2
39. 7
40, 0
42, 4
42, 6
41, 1
40. 0
39, 9
39. I
40. 4
43, 2
40, 4
36, 4
40,.5
40, 2
3 8. 5
42, 2
42, 6
42. 1
40. 7
40. 6
38. 9
4 .92
4 59
4 .12
6. 85
5. 39
4. 61
3, 48
7 36
5. 86
3. 60
3. 80
4. 24
4. 39
5.34
5.18
4.42
7.70
5.86
4.91
3.80
8.07
6.39
3.90
4.07
4.30
4.89
5. 34
5. 18
4. 42.
7. 56
5. 82
4. 94
3. 90
8. 12
6. 40
3. 93
4. 08
4. 35
4. 90
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
188. 55
134. 00
203. 75
193. 58
203. 62
193. 02
39. 2
39. 4
40, 1
39. 7
40. 0
39. 6
4. 81
4. 67
5.08
4.88
5. 09
4. 87
VERMONT
Burlington
Springfield
175. 8 2
207. 33
188. 00
186. 76
213. 62
213. 62
191. 17
218. 30
40. 7
42. 5
40. 0
40. 6
41. 4
41. 4
41. 2
41. 9
<*)
4. 32
4. 89
4. 70
4.60
5.16
5.16
4. 6 4
5. 21
(*)
VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth
Northern Virginia 1.1
Richmond
Roanoke
170. 45
178. S3
185. 56
189. 24
207. 37
151. 69
183. 88
177. 12
215. 17
208. 16
208. 66
161. 56
184. 80
170. 02
217. 42
210. 52
215. 04
163. 60
40. 2
41. 3
41. 7
39. 1
41. 0
39. 4
39. 8
39. 1
41. 7
39. 5
37. 8
39. 5
40. 0
40. 1
42. 8
40. 1
38. 4
40. 0
4. 24
4. 33
4. 45
4. 84
5. 07
3. 85
4.62
4.53
5.16
5.27
5.5?
4.09
4. 62
4. 24
5. 08
5. 25
5. 60
4. 09
WASHINGTON . !
Seattle-Everett1
Spokanel
Tacoma 1
244. 95
253. 04
218. 01
247. 68
262. 13
269. 00
226. 59
262. 92
261. 07
269. 60
222. 91
266. 63
39. 7
39. 6
39. 0
38. 7
39. 3
39. 5
39. 0
39. 3
39. 2
39. 3
38. 3
39. 5
6. 17
6. 39
5.59
6.40
6.67
6.81
5.81
6.69
6. 66
6. 86
5. 82
6. 75
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
212. 79
243. 72
238. 79
232. 15
232. 85
271. 47
255. 96
244. 82
237. 58
270. 34
259. 77
250.29
39. 7
41. 1
40. 2
40.3
39.6
41. 7
39. 5
40.2
40. 2
41. 4
39. 3
40. 5
5.36
5.93
5.94
5.69
5.88
6.51
6.48
6.09
5. 91
6. 53
6. 61
6. 18
$207 .50
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—Bethlehem-Easton . . . .
Altoona
Delaware Valley 8 ... . .
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton ?
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton ! .°
Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-War wick-Pawtucket
..
201 .78
176 .02
221 .13
213 .56
186 .98
223 .88
190 .00
151 .32
218 .25
256 .37
189 .73
155 .45
147 .68
180 .03
190 .54
$224 .40
216 .33
186 .09
235 .22
228 .34
198 .12
244 .09
202 .75
160 .62
195 .22
$ 2 2 8 .10
<*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
>>
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
(*)
MAY
1977P
)
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manfacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
State and arta
WEST VIRGINIA-Continued
Wheeling
MAY
1976
APR.
1977
Average hourly earnings
MAY
1977P
MAY
1976
APR,
1977
MAY
1977P
HAY
1976
APR.
1977
HAY
1977P
$219.54
$244.58
$244.73
39.7
40.9
41.2
$5.53
$5.98
$5.94
WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
228.77
217.88
228.25
260.61
198.95
248.47
249.65
240.69
245.49
239.60
251.26
282.87
206.69
271.15
268.77
256.33
747.49
240.66
257.68
279.46
212.83
270.07
268.32
261.06
40.6
41.1
41.0
39.2
41.8
40.3
40.4
40.0
40.5
42.1
42.3
39.9
40.0
40.7
40.6
39.7
40.6
42.0
42.4
39.5
40.7
40.2
40.5
40.2
5.63
5.30
5.56
6.65
4.77
6.17
6.18
6.02
6.06
5.69
5.94
7.10
5.16
6.66
6.62
6.46
6.10
5.74
6.08
7.07
5.23
6.71
6.63
6.50
WYOMING
Casper . .
Cheyenne
219.37
263.72
263.87
228.10
280.44
225.77
235.81
310.31
243.21
40.4
41.4
42.0
39.6
41.0
42.2
39.9
45.5
44.3
5.43
6.37
6.29
5.76
6.84
5.35
5.91
6.82
5.49
1
Based on 1967 Standard Industrial Classification.
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to 1976 benchmark;
not strictly comparable with previously published data.
3
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and-Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
4
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
5
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
6
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
7
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
8
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
3
120
9
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County.
10
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistic?! Area: Luzerne
County.
11
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p= preliminary
* Not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1965 to date
[Per 100 employees)
Annual
average
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 ..
1974 ..
1975
1976 . ..
1977...
4.3
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.8
4.2
3.7
3 9
3.8
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.0
3. 5
4. 1
4.6
4.2
3.0
3. 8
3.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.6
3. 1
3.7
4.0
3.6
2.7
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.9
3.9
4. 0
4.4
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.4
4.0
3.2
4.2
4.0
3.8
4.6
3.9
4. 3
4.5
3.7
3.6
4.0
4.5
4.4
3.7
3.8
4. 1
5. 1
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.3
5. 1
3.9
4.4
4.6P
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
,1975
1976
3. 1
3.8
3.3
3. 5
3.7
2.8
2.6
3. 3
3.9
3. 2
2.0
2.6
2.4
3.2
3.0
3. 0
3.3
2.9
2.0
2. 6
3.5
3. 2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.4
3. 1
2.7
2. 7
3.0
2.5
1.9
2. 4
3.1
2. 7
1.2
2.1
2.1
2.8
3.7
2.8
2. 9
3.4
2.6
2.2
2. 7
3.5
3. 0
1.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.6
2.8
3. 2
3.5
2.6
2.3
2. 9
3.6
3.0
4.1
3.3
3. 6
3.8
2.8
2.7
1 6
L
3.
4.4
4.3
5.6
4.6
4. 7
5.4
3.9
3.5
4. 1
5.0
1.6
2.5
2.7
2.0
3.0
3.5?
2. 5
3.6
Year
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
4. 5
5. 1
4.7
5.0
5. 1
4.4
4. 0
4.6
5. 1
4. 8
4. 5
4.2
5.4
6.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5. 1
5.3
6.0
5. 5
6. 1
5.3
5.7
5.9
4. 7
4.8
5. 3
5. 7
4. 9
4.6
4.4
4. 5
5. 1
4. 7
5.-1
4.9
3. 8
3.9
4. 8
5.2
3. 8
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.6
3. 0
3.3
3.6
3. 8
2.4
2.8
3.0
3. 1
2.9
2.8
3. 1
2.9
2. 4
2.5
2. 7
2.6
1. 8
2.2
2.2
3.2
3.9
3.3
3.9
4.8
4.0
4.0
4.7
4. 1
3.5
4.2
3.7
3.9
3.0
2.7
4.3
3.5
3.4
4.8
3.4
3.4
4.0
2.7
2.7
4. 1
5.0
4.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.5
3. 9
3.0
3.2
4.3
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.9
3. 1
2.8
2.9
2.8
1.9
2.2
2. 9
3.0
1. 7
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.0
2. 2
2. 1
1.4
1.6
2. 0
2.0
1. 0
1.3
1.3
4. 5
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.4
5.3
4.3
4.3
4.9
5.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.0
4. 1
4. 1
5.5
5.4
6.5
6.1
4.6
4.9
5.6
6.6
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.0
5.3
5.3
5.7
5.4
4.3
4.6
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.9
5.2
3.4
3.5
2.6
3.6
3.2
3.8
4.0
3.0
2.8
3.6
4. 5
4.0
2.4
2.8
3.5
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.4
3.3
2.9
3. 5
3.9
3.2
2.0
2.4
2.2
2.8
2.5
1.7
2. 1
1.9
2. 1
2. 1
L.4
L. 5
.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.2
1. 1
1.1
1.7
1.5
1.4
1. 1
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.2
1.5
.9
.9
.8
1.8
Total accessions
3.9
5.6
6.7
5.9
5.9
6.6
5.4
4.9
5.3
5.9
5.4
4. 5
4.8
6.2
5.4
5.1
5.1
New hires
1977
Total separations
4.1
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.8
1965
1966
1987
1068
1969
1970
1071
1972
1973
1974
1976
1076
4*4
4.2
4.6
4.8
4.2
3,8
1 W 7 / . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.3
4.9
6.2
3.7
3! 9
3. 1
3.6
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.5
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.1
4.6
4.1
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.4
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.7
4.3
4.3
4. 1
4.5
4.8
3.9
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.0
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.43.6*
3.6
4.4
4.3
4. 1
4.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.2
3.6
3.5
4.3
5.3
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.3
4.8
4.8
5.1
4.9
4.4
4.3
5. 1
5.8
5.3
6.0
6.2
'
5.6
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.7
4.2
5.0
3.5
3.4
4.2
3.'9
Qulti
1066
1066
1967 .
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
,
1.9
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2.7
2.3
1
A
1.7
1.4
1.9
2. 1
2.0
2.3
2. 1
1. 5
1.7
2.2
2.2
1. 1
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.9
2. 1
1.9
1. 3
1. 6
2. 1
1.9
. 9
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.3
2.1
2. 1
2.4
2.0
1. 5
1.9
2. 5
2.3
0
L.5
L.6
1.7
2.5
2.2
2. 2
2.6
2. 1
1.6
2. 0
2.5
2.4
1. 1
1.6
1. 7
1.7
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.7
2. 1
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.6
1. 3
1.7
2.5
2.3
2. 3
2.6
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2.8
2.5
1. 3
1.8
1.8
2.5
2. 1
2.4
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2.8
2.5
1. 5
1.8
2.8
3.0
2.1
2. 0
2. 5
3. 0
2.2
1.6
1.7
>..?.
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
!.*
Layoffs
1965
1966
1967
1968 .
1969
1970
1971 .
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
.
1.4
. ?.
4
?
?
8
6
L. 1
.9
1. 5
2.1
1.3
1-6
, *
,5
,5
?,
7
q
.4
.0
.7
4. 1
1.6
1.7
1.2
. 0
,S
. ?,
.0
.?.
. 0
,5
. 1
. 0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.0
,s
,4
.1
.6
1.7
1.4
1.0
.7
.7
1.2
2.9
1.1
1.4
,4
.1
.8
1. 1
2.5
1. 1
1.0
.9
.9
2.1
1. 1
.9
1.1
.9
1.1
1.0
.9
1.5
1.2
.8
1. 1
1.0
1. 1
.6
.6
.8
.8
1.8
.9
.8P
.9
.9
1.5
1.2
1. 1
1.5
.9
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
2. 3
2. 1
1.7
1.4
1.4
2. 0
1.6
1. 1
1.2
1.3
.1
.7
.8
.9
.8
.1
L.3
1
.7
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
.?.
.3
1>
1
, 5
.0
. 1
2.8
1.7
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.5
3.6
1.9
1.8
p=preliminary.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry
[Per 100 employees]
SIC
Code
Total
Industry
MANUFACTURING
Apr.
1977
Accession rates
New hires
Mayp Apr.
1977^ 1977
Separation rates
Quits
Total
May
Apr.
1977 P 1977
M a y •n A p r
1977 f 1977
.ayoffs
May A p i
May
P
1977 1977 1977F
3.8
4.6
2.7
3. 5
3.4
3. 6
1. 7
1. 9
0. 9
0.8
19,24,25,32-39
DURABLE GOODS
3.6
4.3
2.4
3.2
3.0
3. 1
1. 4
1. 6
•7
.6
20-23,26-31
MONDURABLE GOODS
4.2
5. 1
3.0
3.8
4.0
4. 2
2. 1
2.4
1. 1
1.0
2.0
1.8
-
1.2
.9
-
1.5
1.2
-
-
3
•3
-
DURABLE GOODS
19
192
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES . . .
Ammunition, except for small arms
24
242
2421
243
6.2
5.5
5.4
6.8
6.5
4.2
6.0
4.5
6. 1
7. 1
2441,2
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .
Millwork, plywood and related products .
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture .
Matresses and bedsprings . . . . . .
Office furniture
5.4
5.6
6.2
4.6
5. 5
6.9
6. 4
32
321
322
3221
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee . . . . . .
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Abrasive products
5. 1
3.8
3.2
2.6
4.0
3.8
7.0
9.2
3.5
1.8
5. 4
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnance and basic steel products
Blast furnances and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products . . .
Iron and steel forgings
3.0
3.2
3.2
3. 1
2. 8
2.8
3.8
2.5
2.3
3. 1
2.5
1.8
4.2
3.8
4. 7
2.2
2.2
3.6
-
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Architectural and misc. metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers . . . . . . .
4. 1
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.0
4.2
4.6
3.9
4.7
4.0
2.5
4.8
2.9
2.5
2431
2432
244
3229
324
325
3251
326
3291
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391
34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3443
3446,9
345
3452
See footnotes at end of table.
122
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
4.8
4.3
4. 1
5.7
5.5
3.7
4. 0
3.2
5.0
5. 6
-
4.3
4.7
5.0
3.9
4.6
3. 6
5. 7
3. 1
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.9
.8
4.8
7.4
2.9
1.4
3.8
1.5
1.0
.9
2.0
2. 1
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.6
2.7
1.4
1.2
2.9
3. 0
2.6
1.3
1.0
2 .3
2.8
.9
2.4
2.7
2.2
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.2
2.9
1.7
2.9
2.5
1.9
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
4.8
4. 9
4.5
5. 0
5. 1
4.6
4. 1
3.0
4.7
5. 1
5.3
5.5
6. 0
5.0
4.3
6.0
5. 9
3.2
1.3
2.8
3.3
2.2
1. 1
3.8
5.3
4.0
1.9
3. 2
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.8
1.7
1.4
1. 7
1. 1
1.5
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.0
1.9
2. 1
3.5
4. 1
2.7
2.9
2.5
3.3
3.4
3.2
4.0
4.3
2.6
4.3
3. 1
2.3
_
_
-
_
-
_
7
•5
3.
3.
2.
3.
2.
2.
3.
2.
3.
0
1
8
1
9
6
1
4
3
3.4
-
3.
3.
4.
3.
2.
2.
2
6
1
3
8
1
3. 6
1. 6
4
9
1. 1
# 7
3
2. 7
4. 2
1. 7
•8
1. 7
7
3
2
1. 2
1. 3
1. 0
1. 0
# 8
m6
7
m4
7
#
1. 8
1. 9
1. 8
# 8
•7
.8
1. 6
.5
1. 5
1. 6
1. 4
1. 7
1. 8
1. 5
1. 9
1. 7
1. 1
2. 1
1. 6
1. 1
>
8
7
m7
#
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
7
8
9
2
2
4
.6
_
_
_
_
-
1. 0
7
>8
6
4
3! 2
1. 1
_
7
2
l! 1
1. 5
5
m4
#2
3
# 9
•3
.6
_
5
7
6
# 5
-
_
_
_
_
3
4
1. 0
3
2
4
3
2
m7
6
8
5
5
9
2. 4
5
6
4
m5
m3
7
l! 2
1. 7
m7
1. 4
m4
m4
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
Total
New hires
SIC
Code
Industry
Apr.
1977
197
Apr.
1977
Separation rates
Quits
Total
M % Apr.
197 ? 1977
Layoffs
May Apr.
197 1977
Mayp Apr.
1977 1977
1.2
2. 1
1.5
1.2
0. 7
.5
.5
.6
DURABLE GOODS - Continued
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS - Continued
2.6
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.2
3. 6
2.7
2.3
346
348
349
3494,8
Metal stampings
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings
3.2
4.9
3.3
3.0
35
351
3511
3519
352
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
354
3541
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal cumbustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails
Metal working machinery .
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines
Refrigeration machinery
2.6
1.7
1. 1
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.9
2.4
1.9
2.6
1.6
2. 1
2. 5
2.0
2. 1
2. 1
2. 1
2.3
1.9
1. 7
2.4
2.5
3.4
3.6
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Electric test and distributing equipment
Electric measuring instruments
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment . . .
Electronic components 2nd accessories
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies .
Engine electrical equipment
3.0
2.6
2. 1
6. 1
7. 7
3.7
5. 7
3. 1
1.8
4. 1
2.9
4.4
1. 7
1.4
1.9
3.2
2.9
3.2
2. 7
3.0
7
6
5
3.6
2.9
2. 1
4.2
2.2
1.0
2. 6
2.4
1. 8
1.2
.9
1.3
2.3
1.5
2.4
1.7
1.5
2.5
2.5
1.9
3.4
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.0
3. 9
5.6
1.4
4.5
2.7
2. 1
3.3
2.5
2.3
1.5
1.0
1. 7
3.0
2.5
3. 0
2.7
2.4
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
3.8
3.2
3.6
1.9
3.8
2.8
1. 7
1.5
1.4
2.9
6. 1
6.2
3.6
9.7
2.6
2.2
2.5
1.0
3.3
1.7
1. 1
.9
.9
2.0
4.0
3.7
1.2
7.9
3.0
2.2
1.7
1.8
5.0
2.0
1.5
1.4
1. 1
2.2
5.3
5.3
3.2
8. 1
356
3561
3562
3566
357
3573
358
35P5
36
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674,9
369
3694
37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
372
3721
3722
3723,9
373
3731
374
375,9
2. 5
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
3.2
1.7
.7
.3
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.0
2. 1
3
8
2
6
5
6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.7
.9
1.2
1.9
2. 1
2.4
2. 5
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.5
3.3
1.9
4.2
3.3
3.0
3.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.6
1. 7
2.2
2.3
2.5
3.0
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.9
1.8
1. 7
3.0
2.5
2.4
1. 1
.4
.3
.4
1.3
.9
.7
1.4
.9
1.3
.8
1.0
1.0
1. 1
1.2
1.2
.9
.8
.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0
.8
1.8
1.0
.6
2.9
1.2
.7
1.4
1.4
.8
.7
.4
.8
1.6
.5
1. 7
1.0
.9
1.4
.8
.7
.4
2.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
1. 1
2.5
2.3
.5
5.2
1.2
.7
1.3
.2
1.9
1. 1
1.6
2.6
.3
.9
.4
.3
.1
.6
.6
.7
1. 1
.4
.2
.1
.3
.2
.2
.8
.2
0.5
.5
.3
.1
.8
.3
.4
.4
.5
.9
2.7
.1
.8
.5
.3
.8
.3
.6
.3
.1
.4
.5
1.2
.4
.5
.3
.7
.5
.1
.4
1.2
.5
.3
.4
.1
.6
1. 6
1.9
1. 7
.9
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
SIC
Code
Total
Separation rates
New hires
Industry
Apr.
1T77
Layoffs
Quits
Total
Mayp Apr.
1977 P l l 7 7 ~
DURABLE GOODS - Continued
38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
384
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
2. 3
1. 7
2. 5
1. 7
4. 0
3. 1
2. 8
1. 3
3. 6
3.0
39
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
4. 5
3. 4
6. 4
7. 7
5. 2
3. 4
5. 4
3. 5
5.2
5. 3
6. 3
3. 8
10. 7
2. 7
6.7
394
3941-3
3949
395
396
393,9
2.4
1. 8
1. 3
2. 8
2. 1
2. 2
1. 0
2. 0
2.3
1.9
2.8
2.3
3.7
2.8
2.4
1.2
4.4
2. 3
4.8
5. 1
3. 3
6
4. 4
4. 8
4. 0
3. 0
3. 8
2. 7
3.8
4.1
3.4
5.0
5.0
5. 1
2.9
5.6
3.5
3. 6
4. 7
4.8
1. 2
2. 2
2. 5
2. 7
1. 5
2. 2
2. 6
4. 0
3. 0
5.0
6.7
4.5
10.8
2.9
2.3
3.5
2. 7
2.4
4.0
6.6
8.3
4.0
2.7
6
4
1. 1
4.5
.9
5.4
ro*
391
1. 7
1. 5
1.1
0.5
.4
. 7
.6
.9
.6
.3
.1
1.4
0.4
2. 1
1.8
2.6
2.8
2.4
1.8
2. 8
1.6
2.3
1. 1
.9
1. 1
.7
1.4
.4
1.8
1. 1
1.4
2.3
3. 8
1.5
8. 3
1. 3
1.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.9
1. 8
2.6
1.
1.
2.
1.
1. 7
1.1
.9
1. 1
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.5
.5
1.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2015
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
207
2071
208
2082
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Poultry dressing plants
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages
Malt liquors
21
211
212
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
Cigars
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2254
226
227
228
5. 0
4. 2
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit underware mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
234
2341
2342
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underware
Corsets and allied garments
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
6.
4.
4.
5
4
9
8
6
1
7
8
4. 3
6.5
26
261,2,6
263
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
2. 7
3.5
See footnotes at end of table.
124
2. 2
9. 3
1. 6
1. 9
3. 1
3. 1
3. 1
3. 1
5. 6
6. 9
5. 5
4. 9
1. 3
1. 1
1. 9
5.4
4. 7
4.4
3. 4
4. 0
3. 7
4. 3
3. 2
4. 2
4. 5
3. 4
3. 6
5. 1
2. 9
5. 8
4. 5
5. 6
3. 8
4. 7
4. 9
4. 6
4. 2
6. 1
4. 0
1. 8
1. 8
3. 9
3. 3
3. 7
2. 4
4. 2
3.
3.
5.
3.
3.
3.
6
1.
9
4.5
7
1
7
8
2
1. 1
1. 4
2.8
#
6.0
5.0
5.9
5.8
5.0
6.4
5.2
5.6
4.0
6.5
2. 1
1. 1
1.5
2. 2
2.
4.
5.
1.
1.
3
1
4
6
2
9
3. 2
C)
3. 5
3. 1
3. 0
3.2
3. 1
2. 8
3. 3
3. 3
3.4
3. 1
1.9
2.6
4.3
2. 1
3.2
3. 1
1.7
4.1
t
5
2
6
.7
1. 2
8
6
I! 2
4
3
2
#
m8
4
-5
4. 0
3.5
3.6
5. 3
3.5
3.9
2.2
1. 0
.5
.7
9
9
8
/
.5
.2
1.5
5. 0
3
0
D
.4
4.7
4.4
4.8
5.7
4.4
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.2
3. 1
4.4
5.9
3.8
9
9
2.
2.
1.
1.
#
1
5
1.6
2
7
9
4
1.' 0
1. 0
1. 0
1. 1
4
2
2
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
SIC
Code
Total
Industry
Separation rates
Quits
New hires
Apr.
1977
MayD Apr.
1977 P 1977
May. Apr.
19771 1977
May n Apr.
1977 P 1977
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.8
2.9
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.7
1.9
2.4
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.5
1. 3
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.2
Layoffs
1977
P
Apr.
1977
May p
1977 P
0.5
.7
.7
.9
.6
_
_
_
_
-
NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS-Continued
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653
Miscellaneous converted paper products . . . .
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes . . . .
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
27
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
2.9
3. 7
2. 3
28
281
282
2821
2823,4
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286,9
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial chemicals
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Synthetic fibers
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
Paints and allied products
Other chemical products
8
4
6
6
6
5
6
9
1.8
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.3
1. 3
1. 1
.9
1. 3
.7
1. 2
1. 3
1.2
.7
1.4
1.9
1.9
29
291
295,9
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
2.3
1. 2
6.0
3.2
1.6
1.0
3.5
30
301
302,3,6
307
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC . .
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Miscellaneous plastics products
4.7
2. 1
4.0
6.0
6.0
31
311
314
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
6.3
4.4
7. 1
Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
2.9
3.2
1.6
1.8
.6
0. 8
1.6
1.2
1. 1
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
2.0
1.4
2.3
1.9
2.7
1.7
.7
.4
.5
. 5
.5
.7
.7
.7
.4
1.0
. 9
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
.5
.4
.6
.5
.3
.4
_
_
2.6
1.4
1.0
3.0
1.5
.7
.4
1.7
.7
. 1
.1
.4
.2
_
-
3.6
1.4
2.8
4. 7
4.9
4.4
1.5
3.7
5.6
4.4
2.4
.5
2. 1
3. 2
2.7
.9
.2
.7
1. 1
.6
_
_
-
7.5
4. 9
3.7
5.6
5.9
6.6
4.8
6.8
6.4
3. 7
2. 3
4.5
4.3
1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
_
-
2.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
NONMANUFACTURING
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
2.8
2.1
2.4
4.6
1.6
.5
1.3
3.8
1.9
1. 1
1.7
1.9
1.2
.3
.9
1.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
_
-
11,12
12
COAL MINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
2.9
2.9
2. 1
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.4
.9
.6
.2
.2
.5
-
481
482
COMMUNICATION:
Telephone communication
Telegraph communication2
.1
.2
_
1
Less than 0.05.
2
Data relate to all employees except messengers.
.7
.6
.9
.9
. 3
. 3
p = preliminary.
125
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
D-3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing,1965 to date, seasonally adjusted
[Per 100 employees]
Jan.
Year
Feb.
Mar.
April
May
June
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.,
Dec.
4. 3
5.0
4. 3
4.7
4.5
4.0
4.4
4.7
4. 1
3.9
3.8
4.5
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.6
3.9
3.8
3.6
4.4
4.9
4.4
4. 8
4.6
3.8
3.9
4.5
4. 8
3.6
3.7
3.5
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.9
3. 1
3.7
3.8
4. 9
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.6
3. 8
4.2
4.9
4.7
3. 1
3.9
4.0
3. 1
3.7
3. 1
3.5
3.5
2.7
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.5
3. 1
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.7
2.6
2.6
3.4
3.6
2.9
2.2
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
2.4
2.7
3.6
2.2
2.2
2.4
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
2.4
2.9
3.8
3.8
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.9
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.5
3.9
3. 9
4.4
4. 8
4.3
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.1
4.6
4.5
3.8
4. 0
4.1
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.3
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.9
4. 1
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.0
4. 1
4.2
4.7
4.9
3.8
4.0
4.3
4. 8
4.4
4.6
4.9
4.7
4. 1
4.2
4.7
5. 1
3.8
3.6
4.5
4. 9
4.5
4.6
4.9
4.4
4. 1
4.5
4.7
4. 9
3.6
3.6
1.8
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2.8
2.4
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.6
2.2
2.6
2.7
2. 0
1. 8
2. 2
2.7
2. 3
U4
1.7
2.0
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.0
1. 8
2. 2
2.6
2. 1
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
1. 9
1. 8
2. 3
2.8
2 0
1.4
1.5
2. 1
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.6
1. 8
1.9
2.4
2.8
1 8
1.6
1.5
2. 2
2.7
2.4
2. 6
2.6
1 9
1. 9
2.6
2.7
1 6
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1. 1
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.9
2.0
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.7
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.9
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1.3
2.0
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1. 1
1.4
1.7
1.3
.9
1.0
2.4
1.3
1. 1
July
Total accessions
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
».
4. 1
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.9
4.4
3.8
4.3
5.0
4.6
3.1
4.1
4.0
4.2
5.0
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.4
3.7
4.3
5. 1
4.5
3.2
4.2
4.6
4.3
5.3
4.3
4.6
4.9
4.0
3.7
4.4
5.0
4.5
3.2
4.4
4.3
4. 1
5.1
4.3
4.6
4.9
4.0
3.8
4.3
4. 8
4.6
3.7
4.1
4. 1
4. 1
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.7
4. 1
3.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
3.6
4.0
4.lP
4.2
4.9
4.5
4.5
5.0
4. 1
3.8
4.2
4.6
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.9
4.4
4.5
4.7
4. 1
3.8
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.9
New hires
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2.9
3. 7
3.4
3. 3
3.7
3.4
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.7
1.6
2.6
2. 7
3.0
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.8
3.2
2.4
3.0
4.2
3.6
1.6
2.8
2.9
3. 1
4. 1
3. 2
3.4
3.9
2.9
2.4
3. 1
4. 1
3.6
1.5
3.0
3. 0
2.9
4.0
3. 1
3.5
3.8
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.9
3.6
1.7
2.8
3.0
2.9
4.0
3. 1
3.5
3.7
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.9
3.5
1.8
2.7
3. l p
3.0
3.9
3.3
3.4
3.9
2.8
2.5
3. 1
3.8
3.3
1.9
2.7
3.8
4. 3
4. 9
4.6
4.9
5.2
4. 1
4. 1
4.6
4. 9
5.0
3.6
4. 1
3.8
4.5
4. 9
4.5
4.9
4.9
4. 0
4.0
4.6
4. 8
4.5
3. 8
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.8
5.2
4. 1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.4
3. 8
3. 8
4.0
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
3. 8
4.0
4.7
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.8
4. 1
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.3
3. 9
3.0
3. 8
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.3
2.3
2.5
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.5
3.4
3.8
2.6
2.2
2.3
3.9
Total separations
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3.8
4. 3
4. 8
4.7
4.6
5.0
4. 3
4.2
4.5
4. 9
5.2
3.5
3.9
3.V
Quits
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.8
2. 5
1.7
2. 1
2.9
2.7
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.8
2. 3
1.7
2. 1
2.8
2. 7
1.2
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.8
2. 3
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.7
1.2
1.8
1. 9
1.8
2.6
2.3
2.4
Z.I
2. 1
1.8
2. 2
2.7
2 6
1.3
1:1*
1.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2. 2
2.7
?.. 5
CO 00
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.5
1. 8
2. 1
2.7
2 7
1.4
1.6
1. 8
P-* —1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
Layoffs
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
p= preliminary.
126
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.2
.8
1.3
2.9
1. 1
1.3
1.4
1. 1
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.7
1.5
1.2
.7
1.2
2.9
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.1
.8
1.1
2.6
1.1
1.0
1.5
1. 1
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.2
.8
1.0
2.4
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
1. 1
1.9
1.6
1.1
.8
1.1
2.5
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.4
.8
1.2
2.2
1. 3
.9
.9
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.7
1:1
.9
.9
2.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[ Per 100 employees ]
Separation rates
Accession rates
Total
New hires
Total
Layoffs
Quits
4.9
6.6
3. 5
6. 5
1.9
2.6
1. 7
1.9
3.6
6. 1
3.0
1.2
1.2
6.2
1. 7
1.6
13. 3
14. 9
10.3
11. 9
11.3
9.0
6.4
5.4
3. 9
2. 9
3. 9
3. 9
4.3
4. 5
3. 1
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.4
1. 8
1.8
2. 0
2. 0
.9
.8
.5
.5
7. 1
7.5
5. 5
4. 8
6. 9
7.2
5.2
3. 6
5. 6
6. 1
4. 8
3. 5
5. 9
6. 1
4. 7
2. 8
5. 5
6.4
5. 0
4. 1
6.5
7.4
5. 5
3. 9
3. 9
4. 2
3. 5
2. 8
4.6
4. 7
3. 7
3.0
.5
.4
.2
. 6
.7
.9
.4
.4
COLORADO2
Denver Boulder
4. 5
4.6
3.5
3. 7
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.3
3. 9
2. 7
3. 7
3. 1
1. 8
1.8
1. 9
1.9
1.4
.2
.8
.4
CONNECTICUT
Hartford 2
2. 3
1. 9
2.2
(*)
1.5
1. 2
1.4
2. 3
1. 8
2.2
(*)
(*)
.9
.7
1.0
(*)
.8
.6
.5
(*)
DELAWARE 1
Wilmington*
2. 9
3.2
2.6
2.5
1. 1
.9
1. 5
1.3
2. 4
1. 8
2. 0
1. 5
.7
. 5
.7
.5
1.2
.7
.6
.4
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA 2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
4. 9
6. 1
6. 5
4. 8
5. 7
1. 7
5. 0
4. 0
4. 8
5.7
4. 8
4. 8
4. 7
2. 7
4.9
3.0
4. 1
5. 9
5.2
4. 0
4. 1
1. 5
4. 1
3. 8
4. 1
5. 5
4. 2
2. 0
4. 0
2. 8
5.2
4.9
4.3
4. 0
5.5
3.4
6.4
7. 1
4.6
5. 7
2.9
3. 5
4. 3
1.8
4. 4
3. 3
2.5
3.4
1.9
2.4
2. 7
1. 1
3. 1
2.3
2.6
3. 3
1. 9
2. 2
2.2
1.2
3. 1
1.5
1. 8
.4
1. 1
.8
1. 9
1.9
2.4
3.9
1. 1
.7
.3
.6
1.4
.1
.3
1. 0
GEORGIA 3
Atlanta 3 *
4. 4
4.2
4. 1
3.4
3.4
2. 5
3. 5
2. 8
3. 7
2.9
3. 8
3. 0
2.5
1.5
2. 5
1. 8
.4
.7
.4
.6
HAWAII 2
1. 7
1. 7
1.3
1. 3
2. 7
1. 7
.6
.8
.4
.3
7.2
7.6
6.4
4. 8
8.4
7.4
3.4
3. 7
3. 8
2.3
3. 1
2. 8
2.3
2.2
3. 1
2.9
1.4
1.4
.7
.6
2. 7
2. 0
2. 8
1.9
1.2
.8
1.4
.8
.7
.5
.6
.3
2.9
2.3
2. 7
2. 7
1. 7
2. 8
1. 5
.7
.9
1.3
1. 5
.8
1. 3
.6
.6
.6
.5
4. 3
3. 1
3.6
2. 8
1. 7
2. 4
2. 8
1. 8
2. 5
.5
.1
.3
.6
.6
.3
1. 8
.7
.8
.2
.9
.3
ALABAMA:
Birminaham
Mobile
ALASKA
ARIZONA
Phoenix
ARKANSAS
Fort Smith
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
...
FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood
Orlando
Pensacola
Tamoa St Petersbura
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton
IDAHO
5
6
ILLINOIS:
Chicaao SMSA
Apr.
1977p
Mar.
1977
Apr.
1977 p
Mar.
1977
4.3
3.8
Apr.
1977 P
3. 6
Mar.
1977
Apr
1977p
Apr.
1977P
Mar.
1977
1.6
3. 8
Mar.
J977
1. 0
3. 9
3.6
2.6
3.4
2.5
2. 1
1. 8
2.3
1.6
3.4
2.4
2.6
3. 1
2. 1
2.3
2. 2
1.0
1.5
2.2
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
4.4
3. 4
3.6
4. 5
4. 1
3. 8
3. 7
2. 9
3.2
3. 8
3. 7
3.2
4. 0
2. 4
3. 6
KENTUCKY
Louisville
3. 8
1.9
4.5
3. 6
2. 1
.8
2. 7
2. 0
3. 1
1. 1
3. 9
2. 1
1. 4
.4
3.8
3. 7
3. 1
2.8
3. 8
3.2
1.9
1. 9
.9
.4
2.9
1.9
3. 2
1.6
1. 7
.4
1. 2
.7
.9
.8
1.0
.9
1. 1
.8
1. 0
.8
INDIANA
Indianaoolis
..
IOWA 2
Cedar Rapids2
Des Moines 2 . .
..
.
LOUISIANA:
N e w Orleans
. . . .
.
.
1.2
1.3
1.3
MAINE
Portland
5.9
3. 5
6.2
3.3
4.5
2.9
4. 8
2.9
5.5
2.9
5. 3
MARYLAND
Baltimore
4.0
4.3
3.4
3.5
1. 8
1. 7
2. 0
1.9
2.6
2. 3
2.6
2.3
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
3.4
2. 8
3.3
2.9
2. 3
2.0
2. 3
2.0
2. 9
3. 0
2. 7
1.2
1.0
1.4
1. 1
1. 0
.6
.8
.8
3.0
3.5
2. 1
4.3
3.9
2.8
3. 1
1. 8
3.3
2.9
1. 7
2. 1
1.4
1.9
1.4
1. 7
2. 0
1. 3
1. 5
1.0
2. 1
2. 3
1. 7
2.3
.8
1. 0
.4
1. 0
.9
.8
1.0
.4
1.4
.6
.6
.4
.5
.4
1.2
.7
.3
.2
1.3
1. 1
MICHIGAN
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing—East Lansing
....
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.0
2. 1
1.4
3.8
3.3
See footnotes at end of table.
127
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separation rates
Quits
Accession rates
State and area
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis—St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI:
Jackson
Total
New hires
Total
Mar.
1977
3.3
2. 9
Apr
1977P
3.3
2. 7
Mar.
1977
2.2
2. 1
Apr
1977
2.2
2. 1
4. 7
5. 0
3.4
3.6
l
2.9
2.4
2.9
2.4
Mar.
1977
1.4
1.3
3.0
4.2
2. 1
Mar.
1977
Apr.
1977 P
Apr.
1977?
1. 6
1.4
2.3
Layoffs
Mar.
1977
0.9
.5
Apr.
1977 P
0.8
.4
. 1
.6
.8
.7
.7
MISSOURI
Kansas City 2
St. Louis 2
3. 7
2. 8
3. 6
3. 1
3. 0
2.8
1.6
2.6
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.2
3. 1
2.5
1.6
.9
1.6
1.4
1. 1
.7
.4
1.0
MONTANA2
3. 2
4. 0
2.6
3.0
3.9
3. 1
1.3
1.8
2.0
.6
NEBRASKA2
3 9
4 5
3. 1
3.6
3.8
4.3
2.4
3.0
.7
.5
NEVADA2
8 1
7.4
6.2
6.5
5.6
6.2
3. 1
3.8
.9
.6
4 1
4. 3
3. 1
3.0
4.0
3.5
2. 1
2.3
1.2
.5
3. 1
4.4
3.8
3.3
4.2
4.2
2.6
2. 7
3.5
3.5
3. 0
3.7
3.8
2.6
1.8
3.4
2.0
2. 1
2.9
2.6
1.8
1.6
3. 1
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.4
1.7
2.8
3.3
3.0
2.7
3.8
3.5
2.3
3. 1
3.7
2.8
3. 1
3.9
3.5
.7
1.6
1.3
.6
1.3
1. 1
1.2
1. 1
1.0
1.7
.8
1.0
1. 1
1.2
1.3
.8
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.5
2.6
.9
.9
3.8
2.6
2.5
3.0
2.3
2.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
5.0
2.5
2.4
3.4
2.5
3.5
2.6
2.6
2.3
3. 1
1.6
3.5
4.4
4.6
4.9
2.0
2.2
3.0
2.3
2.2
1.3
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.5
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.8
1.6
1.4
1.8
1.7
2. 1
1.3
2.0
1.2
2. 1
1.2
3.3
2.6
2.2
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1. 1
.5
1.0
1.9
1.6
3. 1
2.1
2.3
1.8
2.3
1.5
3.3
4.2
4.4
4.7
2.0
2. 1
3.0
2.4
4.2
5.2
3.6
4.2
5.0
3.8
3.4
4.4
3. 1
3.6
4.3
3.3
4.1
4.6
3.4
4.1
4.7
3.5
2.8
3.8
4.7
5.4
10.2
1.9
2.7
3. 1
3.6
6.3
8.5
6.2
4.7
2.3
3.0
1.7
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.2
2. 1
3.5
1.6
1.8
.7
1.4
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.3
1.2
1. 1
2.2
1.3
3. 1
2.3
2.4
2. 1
1.7
2.0
2. 1
2. 1
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.2
2. 1
1.9
1.6
5.5
5.2
4.9
2
3.4
NEW HAMPSHIRE
.
. . .
NEW JERSEY:
Camden 8
Hackansack . . . . , '
Jersey City
Nawark
Naw Bruniwick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville
Patanon—Cllfton-Paiialc
Tranton
NEW YORK 2
Buffalo *
Elmlra*
Monroa County * '
Nauau-Suffolk • l °
Naw York and Naiiau-Suffolk a
Naw York S M S A »
io
Naw York City *
!
Roohaitar *
Syraouta'
...
Utlca-Roma
*
.
•..
•
••
.
.
»
a
Waitohaitar County •
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte—Gaitonla
u
. . .
.
.
. . .
. . .
Qraaniboro—Wlniton-Salam—High Point
NORTH DAKOTA *
Fargo-Moorhead s
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown—Warren
.
.
.
.
.
.
••
.
.
.
.
.
3.8
2. 1
4. 1
2.6
3. 1
3.9
2.3
2.7
7. 1
2.4
.7
1.4
1.4
2. 0
1.8
1.7
1.0
.5
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.6
1.4
1.3
2. 1
2. 1
1.5
.8
.9
1.0
.8
.8
.7
1.5
.7
1.5
1.0
.4
.8
.4
.3
.8
2.2
2. 6
2.8
.5
.5
1.0
.8
3.1
3.7
2.7
.5
.3
.2
.3
.2
,1
2.5
2.6
3.4
5. 1
3.2
1. 5
.3
.9
.6
.6
.9
1. 1
1. 0
.9
.6
.4
.7
.4
1.5
.8
.6
.5
.3
.7
.7
.5
.6
.4
.7
.4
.4
.4
.6
.4
3.4
3.2
3. 1
3.9
3. 8
3.4
.9
.6
.8
.6
1. 1
1.5
3.3
.6
.6
.6
1.7
4. 1
1. 1
4.3
1.0
1.0
.7
.8
.9
4.6
1.7
2. 1
2.3
2.5
.9
1.5
1.6
.7
.9
3.6
2.4
2.4
.8
.5
.6
.9
1. 0
1. 0
.7
.6
.6
1.7
1.1
.9
1.0
.7
1.3
.8
.5
.5
.4
.3
.8
2. 1
2.4
2.6
.6
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa 12.
5.7
5.5
5.0
5.4
5.4
4.7
4.8
4.6
4. 6
4.6
4.7
4.2
5.5
4.9
4.8
OREGON1
Portland1
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
3.3
3. 1
3.7
3.4
4. 1
4. 1
4.4
4. 1
2.0
1.8
2.3
2. 1
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—Bethlehem— Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg . . . .
....
Johnstown
Lancaster
3.9
3.6
4.5
3.5
2.6
5.0
2.5
3.4
3.7
2. 7
1.5
1.4
2.0
1. 6
1.2
1. 1
1.9
1.5
1. 1
2.9
2.9
4.3
2.3
3.4
2.3
2.4
3.3
2.6
2.4
2.3
4.9
3.4
2.5
.8
.7
1.2
.8
1.2
.9
.8
1.3
.8
1.8
1.3
.5
.9
3. 1
.6
.8
1. 5
1.4
1. 6
2.6
.8
1.8
1.2
.6
See footnotes at end of table.
128
..
3.2
3.3
3.7
2.7
2.0
1.3
1,4
1. 1
2.0
1.2
1.3
.5
.6
2.2
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separation rates
Quits
Accession rates
State and area
PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Mar.
1977
Total
New hires
Total
1977P
Mar.
1977
1977 P
Mar.
1977
P 1977 pP
Mar.
1977
3.5
2.8
2. 1
3.9
A
r
3.4
2.5
3.2
2.9
2. 5
1. 7
1.6
.8
2.3
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.9
4.4
2.5
2.5
4.4
1.6
2.4
3.8
1. 6
1. 1
5.6
3.6
.8
4.0
3.8
2.5
3.2
1.4
1.3
0.9
.7
.4
1. 1
1. 1
2.3
1. 1
1.9
2.0
3.4
1.3
3.7
1.4
RHODE ISLAND
4.6
4.8
4.9
4. 6
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.4
5.4
5.4
5.0
4.7
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston
Columbia
4. 1
7.5
8. 1
4.0
3.9
3.9
6. 1
4. 1
3. 1
4. 1
6.4
3.5
3.3
3.0
5.9
3.6
3.7
3.7
5.2
4.2
SOUTH DAKOTA2
Sioux Falls2
3. 7
3.2
3. 5
2. 9
2. 5
1. 9
2. 8
1. 6
3. 9
3. 9
2. 9
4.8
3.9
4. 6
3.4
3.4
UTAH 5
Salt Laki City- Ogden 5
5.8
6.5
5. 0
4.5
4.6
5.8
4. 1
4.0
VERMONT
Burlington
4.3
2.2
7.4
3.5
2.8
3.4
2. 1
1.2
1.2
3. 1
1.5
3.4
2.0
3. 7
WISCONSIN
Milwaukee
WYOMING
4. 0
3. 1
5.0
4.2
*3....
York
TENNESSEE:
Memphis2
TEXA8:
Dal In—Fnrt Wnrth
Houiton
Sin Antonio
Springfield
VIRGINIA
Richmond
WASHINGTON:
Seattle-Everett2
14
2. 9
1. 1
1.5
2.5
1.9
1.2
1. 1
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2. 1
2. 1
1.5
1.3
3.6
3.9
4.9
4.2
2.4
2.6
4.0
2.8
2.5
1.9
3. 6
2.9
.4
.2
.4
.4
.3
.8
.6
.2
3.6
3.7
5.2
4.4
2.2
2.4
1.3
.8
1.8
2.3
2.5
3. 1
3.3
3.0
1.6
1.4
. 7
.8
3.0
3.7
4.2
3.4
1 A
3. 4
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.4
.5
.3
.3
.2
9
2. 5
9
2. 2
5.1
5.8
4.6
4.5
2.9
3.6
3. 1
2.9
1.3
.5
.6
2.5
2.2
1.8
3.4
1.8
7. 1
2.6
1.2
2.6
1.2
.7
.7
1.4
.6
1.0
1.6
.7
6.0
.6
.3
.6
2.4
1.2
2.6
1.5
3.4
2.9
3.4
1.9
1.7
.8
1.8
.9
.9
1.4
.8
.2
3. 6
2. 0
2.3
2.8
3.3
1. 0
1.3
1. 1
1.3
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.3
1.6
1.4
1.7
1.4
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.5
.9
.7
1. 1
.9
.9
.8
.7
.8
5. 1
7.2
4.4
5.6
9.7
6.1
3.2
4.0
5.4
1.5
3. 7
2. 5
Excludes canning and preserving.
Based on the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification.
Based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1. 0
.9
.3
1.4
.9
1. 1
.8
Apr.
1977P
1.0
4.0
.7
1.4
4.4
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
?9P7>
Layoffs
Mar.
1977
.8
C
9
1.3
g
• 8
. 1
1. 6
s
• 5
.5
I
° Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.
13
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
14
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.
I1
12
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
129
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
MAY.
1976
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Percent of
1abor force
Number
State and area
1*487.1
352.4
122.7
162.8
103.6
51.0
. . .
APR,
1977R
MAY,
1977P
1*502,3
358,4
122,9
168,6
103,4
52,4
1*521,3
362.2
123.9
170,0
104.3
52.6
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY,
1976
97.5
23.8
8.1
10.0
5,1
2.7
86,8
16,6
7.5
10.6
4.5
2,8
84.2
19.5
6.8
9.8
4.6
2.6
6,6
6,7
6,6
6,1
4,9
5,4
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
5.6
5.2
6.1
6.3
4.3
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
4.4
5.0
ALASKA . . . .
165.0
153,4
153,5
13.5
21,8
21.3
8,2
14.2
13.9
ARIZONA
Phoenix
950.1
553.6
181.2
955,0
558,5
162,4
955,4
559.3
162.2
91,3
55.0
14.5
69,3
39.0
11,6
65,3
36,8
11.4
9,6
9,9
8,0
7.3
7.0
6.4
6.8
6.6
6.2
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville—Springdale
Fort Smith 1
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
883.3
64,1
75.1
164.5
33.4
887,1
66,4
78,1
168,9
33,2
909.5
67.2
79.8
171.6
33.8
57.4
3.2
4.7
6,9
2,5
51.4
2.9
4.5
6.5
1.9
48,5
2.6
4,5
6.3
2.0
6,5
5.0
6.3
4.2
7.4
5.8
4,3
5.8
3,9
5.9
5,3
3.9
5.7
3.7
5.9
CALIFORNIA
..
. . .
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove
Baker sfield
Fresno
Los Angeles—Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario
Sacramento
,
Salinas—Seaside—Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
Santa Rosa
.
. .
. .
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
9*721.4
624.0
156.9
227.4
3*274.1
116.6
180,3
463.3
389.2
115.9
654.8
1*520,5
567.3
124.3
101,3
149,7
105,5
9*812,7
853,4
150,5
223,9
3*311,2
119,9
184,0
485,5
407,7
113,5
657,7
1*506,5
570,1
129,8
104,3
144.7
111,1
9*931.9
859.2
155.0
239.1
3*320.7
124.8
185.1
488.9
413.7
120.0
661.9
1*512.7
575.8
130.5
105.9
158.2
112,0
885,4
48,3
12,7
18.6
295,1
18,6
14.3
46.0
32.8
7.9
77.5
155.9
45.9
8.0
10.4
14.1
6.8
774.5
36,8
13,1
19,2
244,3
16,4
11.5
39.5
31.6
8.4
67.5
130,5
36,7
7.4
9.5
15.4
6.6
770.5
37.0
10,4
18,7
244,9
18,1
11,2
40,9
31,9
7.2
66.4
36.8
7.6
9.1
14.3
8.3
9.1
5.9
8.1
8,2
9,0
15.9
7.9
9.5
8.4
6,9
11.9
10,3
8.1
6.4
10.3
9.4
6.4
7.9
4.3
8.7
6.6
7.4
13.7
6.3
6.1
7.8
7.4
10.3
8.7
6.4
5.7
9.1
10.6
7.7
7.8
4.3
6.7
7.8
7.4
14.5
6.1
8.4
7.7
6.0
10.0
8.6
6.4
5.8
8.6
9.0
7.4
COLORADO
Denver—Boulder . . .
1*225,1
723,6
1*228,7
730.5
1*243.7
734.2
62.3
37.2
75.7
44,7
68.6
40,8
5.1
5.1
6.2
6.1
5.5
5.6
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven—West Haven
Stamford . . .
Waterbury
1*475,4
184,8
349,8
70.4
198,1
106,7
105,5
1*459.8
180.4
347.5
69.7
193.4
106.8
104.9
1*464.2
179.8
348.7
69.6
194,8
106.4
104.4
135,7
19.8
29.8
7.8
18.9
6.9
10.7
114.7
14.7
25.6
6.4
18.0
6.2
9.2
107,1
13.9
23,4
6,0
16,8
5,8
8.7
9.2
10.7
8.5
11.0
9.6
6.5
10.2
7.9
8.1
7.4
9.1
9.3
5.8
8.8
7.3
7.7
6.7
8.5
8.6
5.5
8.3
259,6
231.4
261,0
228,4
262.9
229.8
22.9
20.6
21.4
18.1
19.8
16.4
8,8
8.9
8.2
7.9
7.5
7.1
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA1
333,1
1*458,8
331,8
1*457,0
335.0
1*472.5
29.0
72.4
26,9
67,2
26,5
66,2
8.7
5,0
6.1
4.6
7.9
4.5
FLORIDA .
Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tarn Da St Petersburg
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton
3*485,6
344,1
293,1
670,2
272.8
106.6
545.2
192,6
3*553,0
354.6
300,8
664,6
279.6
110.9
554.2
198,3
3*533.1
348.0
301.5
659.0
278.0
112.7
552,3
194.9
297.5
38.7
17.1
61,3
23,1
5,2
47,6
19.4
253,0
29,7
17,1
49,6
19.5
5.0
41.0
16.1
244.8
28.8
16.7
45,6
19.4
5.2
40.5
15.1
8,5
11,3
5,8
9,1
8,5
4.9
8.7
10.1
7.1
8.4
5.7
7.5
7.0
4.5
7.4
8,1
6.9
8.3
5.6
6.9
7.0
4.6
7.3
7.7
GEORGIA
Atlanta
. .
Augusta1
Columbus1 .
Macon
Savannah
2*207,9
896,6
114,6
84,8
100,0
61,3
2*190,3
888,9
110,6
77,2
94.2
79.3
2*207.9
889.4
112.4
78.2
94.3
79,4
177.0
66.9
9.5
6.8
9.9
7,4
137.5
52.1
7.5
5.3
8.1
5,8
136.2
51,0
7.8
5,3
7.9
5,9
8.0
7.5
8.3
8.1
9.9
9.1
6,3
5,9
6,8
6,9
8,6
7,3
6.2
5.7
6.9
6.8
8.4
7.5
DELAWARE
Wilmington 1 .
. .
.
See footnotes at end of table.
130
. . .
129.7
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
State and area
MAY,
1976
APR,
1977R
MAY,
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR.
19771
MAY.
1977P
HAWAII
Honolulu
399.8
320.7
395,3
317.0
397.5
318.9
38,4
29.7
29.3
22.5
29.7
22.9
7.4
7.1
7.5
7.2
IDAHO
Boise City
364.2
72.0
373.4
74.5
381.2
76.3
19.5
2.5
21.5
2.6
18.2
2.3
9.6
9.3
5.3
3.4
5.8
3.5
4.8
3.0
ILLINOIS
Bloomington—Normal
Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul . .
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline1
Decatur
peoria
Rockford
Springfield
5*073.1
5*116.9
58.4
74.4
3*201.8
174.1
58.7
5*185.7
257.9
1.9
2.6
171.4
134.5
91.3
166,3
129,4
88,0
297.9
1.9
2.6
192.2
8.0
3.7
6.7
9.7
4.4
247.3
1.8
2.5
145.3
6.1
3.6
7.3
6.7
4.4
5.9
3.2
3.3
6.0
4.6
6.2
3.9
7.2
4.8
5.0
3.2
3.4
4.7
3.9
6.2
4.5
5.5
5.3
4.8
3.1
3.3
4.5
3.5
6.0
4.3
5.1
4.8
INDIANA
Evansville *
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago . .
Indianapolis
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2.440.5
132.4
177.7
276.1
557.4
55.8
133.5
75.5
2*432,0
130,6
176.2
275.3
556.7
56.6
132.6
74.9
2*466.7
132.5
179.2
280.0
563.8
56.8
133.5
140.9
5.3
119.1
112.6
4.3
16.2
75.1
35.9
3.2
5.8
4.2
13,8
31.7
2.5
5.4
3.7
12.6
31.0
2.1
5.1
3.3
5.8
4.0
4.8
5.8
6.4
5.7
4.3
5.6
4.9
3.7
3.7
5.0
5.7
4.3
4.1
4.9
4.6
3.3
3.4
4.5
5.5
3.6
3.8
4.5
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City *
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1.364.1
79.1
163.8
41.9
57.8
62.0
1*337.7
78.1
162.5
41,5
57.2
61.2
1*371.5
79.2
164.2
42.3
58.4
61.8
49.6
2.9
6.7
2.1
2.0
3.6
40.0
2.4
5.0
1.7
1,9
2.3
37.2
2.4
5.1
1.7
1.8
2,1
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.9
3.5
5.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
4.0
3.4
3.7
2.7
3.0
3.1
4.1
3.1
3.4
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
1*095.3
85.0
189.9
1*088.0
1*108.5
85.6
194.2
41.6
3.5
9.6
37.9
3.0
8.8
37,0
2.9
8.5
3.8
4.1
5.1
3.5
3,5
4,6
3.3
3.4
4.4
KENTUCKY
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville *
1.435.2
147.0
391.9
1*454.4
154.3
387.6
1*472.2
155.5
390.6
71.8
4.3
63.8
3.8
52.6
3.2
17.6
14.7
5.0
2.9
5.8
4,4
2.5
4.5
3.6
22.6
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1.490.2
187,6
59.3
1*514.4
191.9
1*527.5
101.8
10.8
111.6
12.8
110.1
14.1
5.7
4.1
34.9
8.5
6.8
5.8
7.8
7.4
7.6
7.0
7.4
6.7
7.9
6.9
8.0
6.2
7.2
7.3
9.2
8.5
7.9
6.0
58,2
78.5
3*186.0
176.0
59.5
84.8
192.8
59.3
75.3
3*231.0
175.2
59.1
168.9
130.2
91.3
193.9
8.6
151.4
6.8
3.6
7.5
7.1
4.7
4.9
6.5
6.2
2.1
3.8
48.6
439.6
58.6
48.6
444.6
48.8
443.4
139.0
141.2
141.6
9.8
4.6
4.3
35.5
8.7
468,3
36.9
86.5
476.1
38.1
86.8
462.6
36.3
87.7
37.8
2.7
6.9
44.0
2.9
6,9
38.7
2.6
6.4
8.1
7.3
7.9
9.2
7.6
6.0
8.0
6.8
7.3
MARYLAND
Baltimore
if900.7
964.1
1*900.4
959.9
1*921.1
968.9
121.1
72.6
107,7
65.1
101.9
62.4
6.4
7.5
5.7
6.8
5.3
6.4
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River1
Lawrence-Haverhill1
Lowell1
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke1 .
Worcester
2*784.0
1*368.2
75.1
74.5
132.5
106,1
79.0
269.5
191.5
2.717.1
1*314.3
75.7
74.4
127.2
104.3
2*724.7
1*319.4
75.2
74.1
127.7
104.8
268.7
126.1
176.7
80.7
5.7
9.7
9.2
79.3
264.8
16.2
10.7
8.7
25.2
10.1
6.8
163.6
75.8
5.2
4.7
9.5
6.7
6.0
14,3
187.7
18.2
15.5
10.3
6.5
6.1
7.6
7.5
8.0
6.5
8.7
5.6
5.4
6.0
5.7
7.0
6.4
7.4
6.4
7.6
5.4
5.0
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
4*004.1
126.3
82.7
51.7
1*898.2
211,2
4*017.5
130.6
80.7
50.6
1*896.8
209.9
4*076.1
130.2
61.6
51.6
1*914.8
216.2
356.9
301.6
7.2
5.9
3.6
267.3
6.9
5.6
3.6
142.2
123.7
14.3
7.5
5.5
7.3
7.1
7.5
7.0
6.6
5.3
6.8
7.0
6.5
6.6
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
79.6
265.4
189.6
61.3
4.6
3.6
33.5
7.9
6.8
10.1
7.8
4.9
163.1
20.3
5.6
6.9
9.4
10.5
9.2
12.3
10.1
11.1
9.4
9.5
8.9
8.0
9.4
9.4
8.6
9.6
See footnotes at end of table.
131
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan
areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
MAY,
1976
MICHIGAN—Continued
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights .
Saginaw
MINNESOTA
Duluth-Superior . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul
268
66
126.8
214
77.3
APR.
1977R
278.6
64.8
129.1
220.7
99.6
74.9
97.5
1.891.8
1*872.2
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
MAY.
1977P
284.0
65.1
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR,
1977R
MAY.
1977P
14.1
4.4
6.6
12.5
5.5
5.6
7.2
10.1
7.2
7.4
9.2
8.8
5.4
8.3
5.7
6.5
7.8
6.0
5.0
6.8
5.1
5.6
7.2
5.6
88.1
5.5
N.A.
129.5
224.7
76.1
100.2
19.3
6.7
9.1
16.0
7.1
8.7
15.0
5.4
7.4
14.3
5.9
5.8
1*909.5
101.6
103.1
N.A.
55.3
N.A.
51.8
5.4
N.A.
6.3
1*017.3
1*014.6
1*032.9
N.A.,
64.0
5.5
4,6
N.A.
5.0
959.7
133.8
959.7
138.0
979.9
138.2
58.3
6.6
54.3
6.3
55.1
6.4
6.1
4.9
5.7
4.6
5,6
4.6
2*150,9
605.5
45.5
1*044.6
92.7
2*141.3
598.4
45.8
1*028.7
95.2
2*167.2
604.2
45.9
1*036.0
96.5
125.6
34.9
104.6
30.1
2.3
59.6
3.4
101.6
29.6
2,0
57.5
3.6
5.8
5.8
5,8
7.0
5,0
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.8
3.6
4.7
4.9
4.3
5.5
3.7
MONTANA..
Billings . . .
Great Falls
331.2
48.4
33.7
N.A.
N.A.
N.A..
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
17.2
1,8
1.8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
N.A,
5,2
3.7
5,4
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
NEBRASKA
Lincoln . .
Omaha1 .
739.9
99.8
259.7
721.3
102.2
256.0
730.0
102.7
258,7
21.9
3.0
16.6
1.8
9.3
14.7
1,6
8,3
3,0
3,0
5,0
2.3
1.7
3.6
2.0
1.5
3.2
NEVADA . . .
Las Vegas .
Reno
303.3
164.3
83.7
312.8
170.7
318.5
173.4
25.7
15.2
5.3
23.3
14.1
21,7
13.2
4.5
8,5
9,3
6,4
7.5
8.3
5.7
6.8
7.6
5.1
NEW HAMPSHIRE .
Manchester
384.9
63.8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
23.7
4.2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6,2
6,6
N.A.
N.A.
N.A*
N.A.
3.327,1
3*284.9
76.0
247.4
205.7
913.7
281.9
205.7
3*336.7
79.9
351.6
9.1
37.4
19.5
99.5
29.9
25.3
309.1
299.7
8.8
32.4
18.6
79.1
23.4
23.8
9.8
6.3
10,6
11.9
14,2
9.4
10,7
10.4
12,3
7.5
12,4
9,4
11,9
13,3
9.0
11.0
12.9
8.8
8.6
8.2
6.7
11.2
11.3
37.0
14.7
8,5
9,1
8.2
8.7
7.7
8.2
628.9
25.2
9.1
43.9
10,1
9.5
10.1
9.0
7.9
7.7
8.4
11.0
7.9
9.4
5.9
7.3
8.6
10.6
8.3
7.1
6.9
7.9
10.1
7.1
8.7
5.4
6.8
7.9
9.6
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson .
MISSOURI . . . .
Kansas City 1 .
St. Joseph . .
St. Louis1 . . .
Springfield . .
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Jersey City
Long Branch-Asbury Park .
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville .
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
NEW MEXICO .
Albuquerque
NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady^Troy
Binghamton1
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica—Rome
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
NORTH DAKOTA .
Fargo-Moorhead1
See footnotes at end of table.
1S2
N.A.
76.3
262.6
206.6
931.5
288.0
205.6
N.A.
86.9
N.A.
88.6
251.4
211.7
920.1
2,6
73.1
4.7
13.0
54.9
285.7
208,6
152,6
55.9
464.6
171.7
473.3
175.1
481.1
178.4
39.5
15.6
7*760.1
365.9
7,558.4
353.6
7*575.6
354.9
132.7
558.3
40,4
1*107,6
3*538,8
97,2
450.3
284.7
137.2
84.6
28.4
8.8
62.4
153.8
55.9
131.5
571.8
41.4
1*125.4
3*665.4
99.3
455*8
289.0
140.5
2*546.7
77.4
151.1
131.1
554.0
40.0
1*105,0
3,548,8
96,8
446,2
285.0
135,4
2*575.7
77.8
394.5
250.7
2,493,0
77.0
309.3
390.8
250.4
290.4
65.9
289.8
66.2
311.4
11.6
6.9
3.5
110.1
397.4
6.1
37.4
27,5
14.3
4.9
9.0
33.0
19.5
82,9
24.1
24.6
10.2
6.2
39,0
15.2
683.4
28.0
10.1
46.6
4.4
86,9
332.2
5.7
32.5
24.6
14,4
4.1
78.4
309.6
5.2
30.8
22.5
13,1
7.8
6.7
10.9
8.5
9.8
10.8
6.2
8.2
9.5
9.1
8.6
12.0
11,4
6.4
396.9
250.9
46.1
4.4
16.7
21.3
11.3
135,6
4.0
12.6
18.4
8.8
129,1
3,4
12,0
17,8
8,6
5.*7
5.7
5.4
5.4
4,5
5.4
5.2
4.1
4.7
3.5
5.0
4.4
3.8
4.5
3.4
303.7
68,0
8.8
1.8
12.5
2,1
10,2
1,8
3,0
2.7
4.3
3,2
3.4
2,6
314.3
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
State and area
MAY.
1976
APR,
1977R
MAY,
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati *
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo J
Youngstown-Warren
4*758.8
294.0
175.7
584.8
893,6
506.2
364.3
351.4
235.8
4*735.9
290.0
174.7
586.6
887.5
507,5
365.4
355.8
230.3
4*796,1
293.3
177.4
593.9
894.8
512.6
368.0
360.7
232.7
354.5
24.3
15.4
46.7
59,0
34,1
23,2
25,6
21,6
293.5
19.3
12.2
41.4
50.7
26.7
18.7
23.7
15.9
283,6
16,1
12.2
41.0
49.0
26.4
18,1
22.6
15.3
7.4
8.3
8.8
8.0
6.6
6.7
6.4
7.3
9.2
6.2
6.7
7.0
7.1
5.7
5.3
5.1
6.7
6.9
5.9
6.2
6.9
6.9
5.5
5.2
4.9
6.3
6.6
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,161.8
345.1
279.4
1*183.2
353.4
282.7
1*209.3
360.3
287.3
61.2
18.8
13.6
53,8
15,3
12,6
57.2
16.1
12.7
5.3
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.4
OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
Portland1
Salem
1*067.3
111.5
515.1
96.5
1*078.9
114.2
524.2
97.0
1*090.5
116.8
527.4
98.4
98.6
10.9
44.9
8.6
95.7
10.6
40.3
8.2
91.0
10.2
38.6
8.3
9.2
9.8
8.7
8.9
8.9
9.3
7.7
8.5
8.3
8.7
7.3
8.4
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton1 .
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia1
Pittsburgh
,
Reading
Williamsport
York
5,147.4
299.1
56.6
125.7
215.0
107.2
167.0
277.7
2,040.5
989.7
149.5
50.3
155.5
5*074.4
299.2
57,7
121,2
210,3
107,3
163,1
273,9
2*005,2
978.8
146.6
49.6
158.7
5*097.5
299.6
57.9
121.7
211.1
107.5
163.3
273.6
2*020.3
983,2
147.0
49.7
158.7
383.3
20.6
11.8
10.3
6.4
8.0
23.8
174.2
72.6
8.7
4.4
9.4
348.5
19.1
3.5
8.2
9.2
5.7
7.0
23.5
154.2
71.0
8.3
4.0
8.2
324.3
16.8
3.0
7.4
9.0
4.9
6.1
21.1
152.2
66,0
7,7
3.6
7.6
7.4
6.9
6.6
9.4
4.8
6.0
4.8
8.6
8.5
7.3
5.8
8.8
6.0
6.9
6.4
6.1
6.7
4.4
5.3
4.3
8.6
7.7
7.2
5.7
8.1
5.2
6.4
5.6
5.2
6.0
4.2
4.6
3.7
7.7
7.5
6.7
5.2
7.3
4.8
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket!
426.2
430.0
430.0
435.9
433.3
438.6
32.7
33.2
30.4
30.3
28.6
28.6
7.7
7.7
7.1
7.0
6.6
6.5
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston . . .
Columbia
Greenville—Spartanburg
1*271.1
140.1
159.9
249.0
1*260.5
139.7
162.1
245.8
1*274.6
141.0
162.5
246,7
86.2
9.7
9.7
15.0
65.4
7.5
7.3
11.1
63.8
7.5
7.1
10.7
6.8
6.9
6.1
6.0
5.2
5.3
4.5
4,5
5.0
5,3
4.3
4.3
321.8
55.3
321.5
54.2
328,5
54,7
10,0
1.5
9.8
8,9
1.3
3.1
2.7
3.1
2,5
2.7
2.3
TENNESSEE
Chattanoogal
Knoxville
Memphis1
Nashville-Davidson
1*838.6
175.5
193.1
356.7
350.2
1*852.5
177.6
189.9
359.7
370.8
1*876,9
180,0
196.3
362.0
372.4
104.3
8.3
10.1
22.1
19.1
95.6
8.8
8.2
17.8
14.0
88.7
8.4
7.8
17.7
13.5
5.7
4.7
5.2
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.3
5.0
3.8
4.7
4.7
4.0
4.9
3.6
TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont—Port Arthur—Orange .
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
5*552.3
81,6
192,9
162,2
130,0
1*254.7
159.7
84.9
1*142.9
93.7
384.1
73.7
56.4
5*621.0
82.2
196.9
159.6
129.7
1*276.7
159.6
87.6
1*210,8
96.5
382.3
74.1
57.2
5*685.6
83.5
198.4
160.0
130,5
1*289,6
161.1
89.1
1*227.4
97,1
385.5
74.8
58.2
308.7
2.9
8.6
12.1
9.0
55.6
15.1
5.8
58.8
3.7
29.5
4.1
2.3
273.5
2.4
7.0
11.2
8.7
44.2
18.6
5.4
57.2
3.0
26.3
3.4
2.0
274.2
2.6
7.2
11.1
8.6
44.9
18.5
5.5
59.2
2.8
25.7
3.1
2.1
5.6
3.5
4.4
7.5
6.9
4.4
9,5
6,8
5.1
4.0
7.7
5.6
4.1
4,9
2.9
3,6
7.0
6.7
3.5
11.7
6.1
4.7
3.1
6.9
'4.6
3.6
4.8
3.1
3.6
7.0
6.6
3.5
11.5
6.2
4.8
2.9
6.7
4.1
3.7
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
511.7
338.7
523.1
347.8
523.9
347.8
26.5
17.9
24.7
16.0
24.3
15.8
5.2
5.3
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
VERMONT
214.3
215,0
217.6
18.9
17.3
15.7
8.8
8.0
7.2
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
3. 8
See footnotes at end of table.
133
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor fore*
Number
labor forca
State and area
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR.
1977R
MAY.
1977P
MAY.
1976
APR«
1977R
MAY.
1977P
VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Nawport Newt—Hampton
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth1
Richmond
Roanoke
2*310.6
68.2
152.4
299.5
297.5
107.7
2t345.9
70.1
159.8
307.0
309.7
110.5
2t373.4
70.7
159.8
311.7
312.4
110.5
127.7
3.5
9.7
19.2
13.2
6.1
133.7
3.2
9.8
18.1
13.5
6.4
127.8
3.1
9.4
19.6
13.8
6.3
5.5
5.2
6.4
6.4
4.4
5.7
5.7
4.5
6.1
5.9
4.4
5.8
5.4
4.4
5.9
6.3
4.4
5.7
WASHINGTON
Seattle—Everett
/Spokane
Tacoma
1,599.4
701.4
129.5
157.8
1,604.2
716.0
128.4
156.2
1,630.4
726.7
128.4
157.5
130.6
61.6
8.6
14.2
120.8
51.2
8.9
12.5
113.0
49.1
7.7
11.5
8.2
8.8
6.6
9.0
7.5
7.1
6.9
8.0
6.9
6.8
6.0
7.3
689.5
111.6
111.8
685.8
108.1
64.3
75.8
676.4
107.5
109.6
61.8
76.6
47.0
5.5
7.0
6.4
5.4
47.4
5.7
6.4
3.8
4.4
39.5
4.2
5.8
3.4
3.8
6.8
4.9
6.2
10.0
7.0
5.3
5.8
6.2
5.7
2tl86,8
139.9
84,1
63.5
41.6
170.8
690.0
67.9
2t203.4
139,8
85.5
61.8
43.8
175.4
681.9
89.3
2,229.3
87.0
62.8
44.4
177.6
687.4
90.5
111.0
6.4
4.4
3.5
1.9
5.6
42.3
4.8
104.7
5.6
3.8
2.9
1.9
5.5
35.6
3.8
92.7
4.9
3.5
2.8
1.7
5.0
33.4
3.6
5.
4.
5.
5.
4.
3.
6.
5.
4.8
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.4
3.2
5.2
4.2
5.8
3.9
5.3
5.3
5.0
4.2
3.5
4.0
4.5
3.6
2.8
4.9
4.0
178.1
180.8
189.2
6.4
6.8
6.1
3.6
3.7
3.2
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland1
Parkersburg-Marletta1
Wheeling
1
WISCONSIN
Appltton-Oihkoih
Green Bay
Ktnoshi
La Grout
Madison
MllwaukN
Racine
WYOMING
1
••••
IndudM Interstate portion of Arti located In •djaotnt Stttf (•).
NOTE: All dita an lubj.ct to revision it n.w btnohmirk Information b.com.i available.
Estimates hava baan benchmark to 1076 Currant Population Survey annual averages. Data refer
to place of residence.
110.4
64.1
77.0
141,6
7.1
p*prellmlnary,
r-ravlsad
N.A.-not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State Employment Security Agendas listed on Inside back cover.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. When ordering please, specify "CETA Area Employment and Unemployment, JanuaryApril 1977 (NT ISUB/C/143-77/006), "States and County Employment and Unemployment January-April 1977" (NTISUB/C/144-77/006)
or "Unemployment Rates for States and Local Governments, First Quarter, 1977" (PB26795O). Tabulations are available at $8.00 per set for
printed copies of CETA Areas, $13.75 for States and Counties, $6.00 for States and Local Governments, or $3.00 per set for microfiche
copies of each publication.
134
Explanatory Notes
Introduction
Household Data (A tables)
Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables)
State and Area Unemployment Data (E table)
Unemployment Insurance Data (F tables)
Seasonal Adjustment
Introduction
The statistics in tnis periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from
employers,
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The
survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census
for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive
data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed,
including such characteristics as age, sex, race, household
relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and
past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 47,000 households, representing 461 areas in 923
counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on
the activity or status reported for the calendar week including
the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment
survey is designed to provide detailed industry information
on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average
weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor
turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30
million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The data
relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay during
the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month. Based
on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for
example, are readily obtained only from the household survey
whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably de-
136
rived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because
of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for
discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential
effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons, and
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both
agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The
payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the
payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication,
since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or
not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than
one job are counted only once and are classified according to
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment
records, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted each time their names
appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at
work during the survey week—that is, were not working but
had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of
illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or
because they were taking time off for various other reasons,
even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off.
In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid
for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Greens article "Comparing Employment Estimates
from Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review,
December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon
request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by em-
ployers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and
the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are
included and assigned the number of hours for which they
were paid during the reporting period.
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job
at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were
waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid
off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims,
prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of
the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted
their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to
unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered
by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, some State
and local government, domestic service, self-employment,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used
in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but
not at work and persons working only a few hours during the
week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation
but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the
household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by
Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. Reprints of this article may be obtained upon request.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion
of persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS)
series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted
more than once if they work on more than one farm during the
reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling
techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which
cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences
in level and trend of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its
censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major
reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of
business units considered parts of an establishment, such as
central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial
classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business
excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial
establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in
the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary
units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete
for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in
January 1972, coverage was expanded to include employees
of small firms and selected nonprofit activities who had not
been covered previously. However, certain activities, such as
interstate railroads, parochial schools, churches and most local
government activities are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in BLS establishment
statistics.
Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
dar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the empersons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the
and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members
Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
"total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are
Used in Labor Force Statistics derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463. This report is available from BLS on obtained from the Department of Defense.
request.
Each month, 47,000 occupied units are eligible for interThese monthly surveys of the population are conducted
view. About 2,000 of these households are visited but interwith a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the
views are not obtained because the occupants are not found at
civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewhome after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
ed to obtain information about the employment status of each
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4
member of the household 16 years of age and over. Separate
percent. In addition to the 47,000 occupied units, there are
statistics are also collected and published for 14 and 15 year
8,000 sample units in an average month which are visited but
olds. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenfound to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of
137
the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to
the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a
year earlier.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the
survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own
business, profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of
the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had
jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by
their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were
seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the
premises of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting
or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not
work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a
job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work
during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also
included as unemployed are those who did not work at all,
were available for work, and (a) were waiting to be called back
to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to
report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work.
For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents
the number of full weeks since the termination of their most
recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which
a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered
to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work.
Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are
divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons
whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are
persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment
voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job
lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor force prior
to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons
who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons
unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to
a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to
report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work, including
going to a public or private employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives,
placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other" method.
Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or
professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
138
organization, or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the
criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes
members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United
States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed
as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also
be computed for groups within the labor force classified by
sex, age, marital status, race, etc. The job-loser, job-leaver,
reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four
groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published: The total labor force participation
rate, which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total
noninstitutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the
civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually
published for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other
demographic characteristics such as race and educational
attainment.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over
who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These
persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of long-term
physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too
old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for
whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not
reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the
labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at
the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
compiled on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed
questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in
those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of
the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been
in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the
subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed notin-labor force questions were asked of persons in the first and
fifth months in the sample, i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or
more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last full-time civilian job
lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups
used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are
defined as in the 1970 Census of Population. Information on
the detailed categories included in these groups is available
upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary
workers," subdivided into private and government workers,
"self-employed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or
pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit.
Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in
their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15
hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a
member of the household to whom they are related by blood
or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who
normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though he was paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate
to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week.
However, all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on total employment because the latter include persons in zero-hours worked category, "with a job but not at
work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on
vacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent
from their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week
are designated as working "full time," persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part-time."
Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their
present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for
working part time during the survey week (economic or other
reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material
shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of
job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other
reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness,
vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for
full-time work, and full-time worker only during peak season.
Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those
working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 1 -34 hours
for noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
sex, and, if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time
work.
Household head. One person in each household is designated as the head. The head is usually the person regarded as
the head by the members of the group. If a husband and wife
family occupy the unit, the husband is designated as the head.
The number of heads is equal to the number of households.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5,1964, and April
30, 1975. Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to
males in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans
in institutions and females are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed
Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were
poor according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were
classified as poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds
adopted by a Federal interagency committee in 1969. These
thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence
(farm-nonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live
outside these areas and, conversely, the areas include many
people who are not poor.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists
of persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and
unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor
force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and
unemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a
job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to
the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time
employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an average of
37.5 hours, (2) that those looking for part-time work lost the
average number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on
part time for economic reasons lost the difference between
37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe
the race of workers. The black and other category, which until
recently had been identified as "Negro and other races" and
prior to 1969 as "nonwhite," includes all persons who are
observed in the enumeration process to be other than white. At
the time of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the
black and other population group were black; the remainder
were American Indians, Eskimos, Orientals, and all other nonwhite groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Spanish origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on
the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other
Spanish origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons
during the reference week are primarily one of going to school
or not. Statistics on major activities are published every month
in table A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race,
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to
clear up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were:
(1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently
available for work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the
latter condition is made for persons waiting to start a new job in
30 days or waiting to be recalled from layoff; in the past, the
current availability test was not applied and the time period
for jobseeking was ambiguous; (2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and were also looking for
other jobs; previously, these persons had been classified as
unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on hours of work,
duration of unemployment, and self-employment in order to
increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by
more than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction,
although the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected.
The number of employed was reduced about 1 million because
of the exclusion of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years
and over, the only employment series appreciably affected
were those relating to hours of work and class of worker. A
detailed discussion of the changes and their effect on the
various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment
and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in the February 1967
issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the
Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning
1953, as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950
census into the estimation procedure, population levels were
raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and
139
agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting
the figures for totals and males; other categories were relatively
unaffected; (2) beginning 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and
Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of this in
nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were
not appreciably affected; (3) beginning 1962, the introduction
of figures from the 1960 census reduced the population by
about 50,000, labor force and employment by about 200,000;
unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. In addition,
beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase
in the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000;
labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more
than 300,000, and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A subsequent population adjustment based
on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and black and other groups but had
little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction
of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of
the same magnitude in the black and other population. Civilian
labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black and other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the population estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black and other population—but had little
effect on 16 and over totals. Additional information on the
adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls
Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation" in the
February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and blackand-other independent population controls for persons 16
years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
males and 46,000 females. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent
in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in the "other"
population.
Changes in occupational classification system
Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in census
occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review of the classification system to be used for the 1970
Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive
since the 1940 census, was to reduce the size of large groups,
to be more specific about general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant
occupations. Differences in March 1970 employment levels
tabulated on both the 1960 and 1970 classification systems
ranged from a drop of 650,000 in operatives to an increase of
570,000 in service workers, much of which resulted from a shift
between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other groups amounted to
220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the
operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and
transport equipment operatives. Separate data for these two
groups first became available in January 1972. At the same
time, several changes in titles, as well as in order of presenta-
140
tion, were introduced; for example, the title of the managers,
officials, and proprietors group was changed to "managers and
administrators, except farm," since only proprietors performing
managerial duties are included in the category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December
1971, when a question eliciting information on major activities
or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order
to determine more precisely the occupational classification of
individuals. This change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly from managers and administrators to
other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational
levels cannot always be made for 1972 and subsequent years
with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational
classification system as well as in the CPS questionnnaire are
believed to have had but a negligible impact on unemployment
rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972
issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously and
are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents.
There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment.
Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent
feature of this statistical program.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by combinations of sample areas and,
within these, for six groups—two race categories (white, and
black and other) within three residence categories. For sample
areas which are standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's),
these residence categories are the central cities, and the urban
and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample areas,
the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and rural
farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of
the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex,
and residence. Since these population characteristics are
closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates
can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by
the known distribution of these population characteristics. This
is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which
the sample proportions are weighted by the known 1970 Census data on the race-residence distribution of the population.
This step takes into account the differences existing at the time
of the 1970 census between the race-residence distribution for
the Nation and for the sample areas.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample pro-
portions are applied to independent current estimates of the
population by age, sex, and race. Prior to January 1974 these
estimates were prepared by carrying forward the most recent
census data (1970) after taking account of subsequent aging of
the population, births, deaths, and migration between the
United States and other countries.
Beginning in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was introduced into the
CPS estimation procedures. In this procedure, the most recent
census population adjusted to include estimated net census
undercount by age, sex, and race (i.e., "inflated") is carried forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births,
subtracting deaths, and adding net migration. These postcensal
population estimates are then "deflated" to census level to
reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census
by age, sex, and race. The actual percent change over time in
the population in any age group is preserved.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for
continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the
sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces
the sampling variability of month-to-month changes especially
and of the levels for most items also.
Table A. Average standard error of major employment
status categories
[In thousands]
Average standard error o f -
Employment status and sex
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)
205
210
95
210
109
150
155
60
155
106
115
125
85
130
81
95
100
55
105
89
140
140
35
140
74
110
110
25
110
83
BOTH SEXES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployment
MALES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployment
FEMALES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployment
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of
totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences,
however, are insignificant.
Table B.
Standard error of level of monthly estimates
[In thousands]
Both sexes
Size of estimate
Reliability of the estimates
Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ
from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and
procedures.
The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that
is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a
sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a
complete census by less than the standard error. The chances
are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than
twice the standard error.
Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for
past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are
also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of
change for consecutive months is also shown in table A. The
standard errors of level shown in table A are acceptable
approximations of the standard errors of year-to-year change.
The figures presented in table B are to be used for other
characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors
of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard
errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific
item.
The standard error of the change in an item from one month
to the next month is more closely related to the standard error
of the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specific
month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of month-to-month changes as
presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard
error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find
10
50..
100
250
500
1,000
2,500
5 000
10,000
20,000
30 000
40,000
Females
Males
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
4
9
12
20
30
40
60
85
115
150
170
180
4
9
12
17
25
35
40
45
6
11
16
25
34
50
75
90
115
125
4
9
12
17
25
35
40
6
11
16
25
34
50
75
90
115
125
4
9
12
17
25
35
40
-
the standard error of the month-to-month change in table C
corresponding to this standard error of level. It should be noted
that table C applies to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the
same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in
table B are acceptable approximations.
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed the total number of
persons working a specific number of hours as 15,000,000, an
increase of 500,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error
of 15,000,000 is about 133,000. Consequently, the chances are
about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less
than 133,000 from the figure which would have been obtained
from a complete count of the number of persons working the
given number of hours. Using the 133,000 as the standard
error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the
standard error of the 500,000 increase is about 126,000.
The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by
using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends
upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total
141
Table C.
change
Standard error of estimates of month-to-month
Table D.
Estimated percentage
Base of
percentages
(thousands)
[In thousands]
Standard error of
monthly level
10....
25
100...
150
200...
250...
300...
1
or
99
Standard error of
month-to-month change
1.5
1.1
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
75
150
12
28
55
100
140
155
160
190
50
250
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
upon which the percentage Is based. Where the numerator is a
subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates
of the numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (50 percent or greater). Table D shows the
standard errors for unemployment percentages derived from
the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages
and base figures not shown in table D. As a general rule, percentages will not be published when the monthly base is less
Table E.
Standard error of unemployment percentages
50,000
75,000
50
6.1
4.5
3.7
2.4
1.7
1.2
1.0
.7
.5
.3
.2
.2
8.3
6.1
5.1
3.2
2.3
1.6
1.3
1.0
.7
.4
.3
.3
than 75,000 or the annual base is less than 35,000. Table E
shows the standard error of percentage of monthly levels and
consecutive month change for frequently analyzed unemployment rate series. These errors are computed from data for
recent months. Errors on change for nonconsecutive months
are slightly greater (by roughly a factor of 1.1 times the monthto-month error).
Standard error of percentages for major unemployment rates
Selected categories
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Household heads
Married men
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over...
Labor force time lost
Monthly
level
Consecutive
month
change
.12
14
.19
.56
.12
.43
.12
.13
.12
.35
.06
.12
.14
.17
.24
.72
.15
.55
.15
.16
.15
.44
.07
.15
.13
.20
.15
.24
.23
.39
.24
.28
.48
.30
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Selected categories
Monthly
level
Consecutive
month
change
OCCUPATION-Continued
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
.23
32
.36
.66
.32
.43
.28
.39
.46
.84
.40
.53
.14
.75
.27
.36
.43
.41
.28
.23
.19
1.11
.17
.95
.34
.45
.54
.52
.35
.29
.24
1.39
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government wage and salary workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and
examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area
series and then send the establishment data to the BLS for use
in preparing the national series.
Federal-State cooperation
Shuttle schedules
Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the
respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover
reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area
estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of
respondents, and together with the use of identical techniques
at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability
of estimates.
Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and
Form DL 1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. These
schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each month
of the calendar year. The collection agency returns the schedule
to the respondent each month so that the next month's data
can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability
COLLECTION
142
and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the
figures he has reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of
full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of
production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for
the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL
1219 provides for the collection of information on the total
number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month.
trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing,
shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use
(e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services
closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the contract construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanic's apprentices, laborers, etc.,
whether working at the site of construction or in shops or
yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily
performed by members of the construction trades.
CONCEPTS
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workIndustrial classification
ers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians,
lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides,
teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, resEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL
taurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers
1219 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal
and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and similar occupaproduct or activity determined from informtion on annual sales
tional levels, and other employees whose services are closely
volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement
associated with those of the employees listed.
to the monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment makPayroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
ing more than one product or engaging in more than one
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the
under the industry indicated by the most important product or
month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind,
activity.
e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance,
All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
withholding tax, bonds or union dues; also included is pay for
for the Nation and for a few States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification Manualovertime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by
the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay
(SICM), Office of Management and Budget. Most States and areas
period), other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g.,
have converted their series to the 1972 SI CM.
retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or
other
payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as
Industry employment
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement,
etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
includes
the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays
month. For Federal Government establishments, employment
and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly
figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions
from the firm.
on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or recounted if they performed any service during the month.
lated workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period
workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are
which includes the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday
included. Government employment covers only civilian emhours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours
ployees; military personnel are excluded.
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay
Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly
period and are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the
earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in
period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed
basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
for the entire period or who are hired but have not been paid
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts
during the period.
in the volume of employment between relatively high-paid and
low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
Industry hours and earnings
establishments also affect the general earnings averages.
Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in
average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time;
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in contract
rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time.
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining
The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor
private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government,
costs on the part of the employer since the following are exhours and earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory
cluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various
and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay
period reported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings
for those employees not covered under the production-worker,
weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors construction-worker, or nonsupervisory-employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and
143
average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore,
weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross
average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of
the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as proportion
of part-time workers, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to
fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion
of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the service industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to
the average hours for which pay was received and is different
from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages
cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours
of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect
changes in the workweek of component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent the
portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in
excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were
paid. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would
be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month-to-month; for example,
overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the
straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked.
Diverse trends at the industry-group level also may be caused
by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry
where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous
and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages,
absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same
influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries.
The series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except
government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS
790. Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of
the Census, and additional supporting information such as The
Hospital Guide, Part II, of the American Hospital Association
and special studies by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain industry groups within the service
division.
For a technical description of this series, see the article,
"Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural
Industries," published in the May 1967 issue of Employment
and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints
are available upon request.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads
(excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on
monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate
Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except
executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings
are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours
paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the
total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by
144
the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average
weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly
hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly
earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated
Federal social security and income taxes from average weekly
earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the
number of dependents supported by the worker and his marital
status, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect
these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker
with no dependents and a married worker with three dependents.
The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings
for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry
division excluding other income and income earned by other
family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those
workers, with either none or three dependents, whose gross
weekly pay approximates the average earnings indicated for all
production and nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for
example, the average earnings of all married workers with
three dependents; such workers, in fact have higher gross
average earnings than workers with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included,
and since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising,
the series understates the increase in earnings for full-time
workers. As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the
earnings. For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two
Measures of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly
Labor Review for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current
month. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and for
spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is
thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base
period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by
dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry
group by the sum of total production-worker hours and onehalf of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data
were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross
average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor
Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540). Both methods eliminate only
the earnings due to overtime paid for at VA times the straighttime rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment
provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime
rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes
of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for
the 1967 period. The hour aggregates are the product of
average weekly hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory
worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product
of hour aggregates and average hourly earnings. At all higher
levels of aggregation, hour and payroll aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on
nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent
of industries which posted increases in employment over the
specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit
nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing
industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes
appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December, 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
"link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2)
periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks,
and (3) the use of size and regional stratification.
The link relative" technique
Labor turnover
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary
workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new
hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment
initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action
is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per
100 employees. The data relate to all employees, whether fullor part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive,
office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers.
Transfers to another establishment of the company are included,
beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees.
New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the
employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring
from another establishment of the same company) or of former
employees not recalled by the employer.
Other accessions, which are not published separately but
are included in total accessions, are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from other establishments of the company and employees
recalled from layoff.
Separations are terminations of employment during the
calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits,
layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been
absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to
last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the
employer without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but
are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and
entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last
more than 30 consecutive calendar days.
Relationship of labor turnover to employment series
Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment
series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations
are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment
reports refer to the pay period which includes the 12th of the
month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the
employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through
the report period.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of current
month employment to that of the previous month is computed.
This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (all
employees, including production and nonproduction workers
together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the
estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." In
addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected
employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience.Other features
of the general procedures are described in table F. Summary
of methods for computing industry statistics on employment,
hours, earnings, and labor turnover.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings
into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the
term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be
a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size
stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"
for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are
currently projected from March 1974 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies
from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover nearly ninetenths of the total nonagricultural employment in the United
States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the
records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in
private industry or government.
The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared
with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions
are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted
between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the
new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish
the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the
month-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of the
actual amounts of revisions due to benchmark adjustment for
the last 3 years is shown in table G.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide
users of the data with a convenient reference source for the
revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each
benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover statistics, entitled Employment
and Earnings, United States.
145
Table F.
Summary of methods for computing Industry statistics on employment, hours, and labor turnover
Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups
and, where stratified, individual cells)
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)
Item
Monthly data
All employees
All employees estimate (or previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current
month to all employees in previous month,
for sample establishments which reported
for both months.
Sum of all employee estimates for component
cells.
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees
All employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample
establishments for current month, (2) ratio
of women to all employees.
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees,
for component cells.
Gross average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.
Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory employment, of the average weekly
hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Gross average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker hours.
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Gross average weekly earnings
Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings.
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Labor turnover rates
The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in
reporting establishments divided by total
employment in those firms. The result is
multiplied by 100.
Average, weighted by employment, of the rates
for component cells.
Annual average data
All employees and production or nonsupervisory workers
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Gross average weekly hours
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by
average weekly overtime hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for
production workers divided by annual sum
of employment for these workers.
Gross average hourly earnings
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (production
or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by weekly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Gross average weekly earnings
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Labor turnover rates
Sum of monthly rates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly rates divided by 12.
Table G. Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates,
by industry divisions, as a percentage of the benchmark
for 1971,1973, and 1974
Industry division
Total..
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities..
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services
Government
1
1971
19731
1974
100.2
98.4
99.9
99.8
96.9
100.4
100.9
100.3
100.2
100.4
100.0
96.5
90.4
98.9
99.3
97.8
99.5
99.1
99.5
97.0
100.6
99.9
100.0
100.1
98.9
99.3
100.6
2-year revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used In the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size
of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the
146
average size of establishments. The universe of establishments
is stratified first by industry and then within each industry by
size of establishment in terms of employment. For each industry, the number of sample units is distributed among the
size class cells on the basis of average employment per establishment in each cell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the predetermined total number of establishments required
in the sample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employment in each cell to total employment in the industry.
Within each noncertainty stratum the sample members are
selected at random.
Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the
sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the various
industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience
and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in
which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample
design for such industries provides for a complete census of
the large establishments with only a few chosen from among
the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry
in which a large proportion of total employment is in small
establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all
large establishments and also for a substantial number of the
small ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions
fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can
be handled by available resources, it is necessary to accept
samples in these divisions with a smaller proportion of universe
employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries.
Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing
divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical
or seasonal patterns than establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely
data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will
provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe
to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published
promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries
and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after
reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later
date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table H shows the approximate proportion of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table I shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.
Table H. Approximate size and ooverage of BL8
employment and payrolls sample, Maroh 1974 1
Industry division
Total
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
:
inance, insurance, and real estate
Services....
Government:
Federal (Civil Service Commission)2
State and local
Number of
establishments In
samples
Number
reported
Percent
of total
158,400
31,637,000
41
Employees
307,000
46
11,821,000
59
95
7,300
38,200
10,100
23,500
537,000
2,181,000
3,050,000
1,507,000
2,740,000
94
53
18
36
20
3,200
10,400
2,691,000
6,032,000
100
52
2,100
1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour information, hours and earnings
estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment are provided to the BLS by the Civil Service
Commission. State and area estimates are based on a sample of 3,200 reports covering about 53
percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Table I. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1974
Industry
Total
Manufacturing
Metal mining
Coal mining
Communications:
Telephone
Telegraph
Employees
Number reported
Percent of total
10,873,730
10,007,800
61,850
56,770
52
51
66
35
734,270
13,040
74
61
Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous
section, a link relative technique is used to estimate employment. This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as
the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus,
small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several
months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are
usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to
taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark
revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial
classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes
in their product which are not reflected in the levels of
estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In
fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within
manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of
benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises
from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Improvements brought about by the most recent expansion in
unemployment insurance coverage were the major cause of
differences in the March 1973 benchmark adjustments. (See
article by Carol M. Utter, "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised
to March 1973 Benchmark Levels", in the December 1974
issue.) Table J presents the average percent revisions of the
six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment) for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may
be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The
hours and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling
errors which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major industries are
presented in table J and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table K. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample
would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error
Table J. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors1 for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division
Industry division
Total nonagricultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities.
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government3
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates of
employment2
0.2
.1
1.2
1.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
1.0
.2
.4
.6
.6
Relative errors
(in percent)
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.1
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.1
.2
.2
.2
.4
0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.3
.2
.4
.8
1
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71 and 1974 benchmarks.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government and samples for
State and local government benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted by the
Bureau of the Census.
2
3
147
from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates
(RMSE =
V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2)
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by
less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are about
19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the
root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the experience of the last 6 years) of differences between final
estimates and benchmarks are presented in table K.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been
received. Table L presents root-mean-square errors of the
amounts of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and
final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary hours
and earnings estimates are normally not greater than .1 of an
hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings.
Table K. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings
Size of employment
estimate
Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates1
Relative errors (in percent)
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3
1.5
1.1
.9
8
1,900
2,700
4,100
9,600
13,000
16,800
50,000
100 000
200,000
500 000
1,000,000
2 000 000
.5
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Table L.
Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error of
Size of employment
estimate
Monthly level
50,000
100,000....
200,000....
500,000....
1,000,000.. .
2,000,000...
10,000,000. .
Month-to-month
change
600
800
1,400
3,300
4,200
6,500
27,000
600
700
1,200
3,200
4,200
6,300
23,000
Total nonagricultural employment.
94,000
81,000
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate...
Services
Government
6,000
17,000
35,000
14,000
33,000
6,000
27,000
45,000
5,000
15,000
33,000
12,000
31,000
6,000
22,000
39,000
cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan
areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the
issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area
annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions
are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover
of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For
employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly
from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others
and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic
stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections
of this periodical, all the annual average data for the de.tailed
industry statistics currently published by each cooperating
State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability
of each series) in a summary volume published annually by
the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
Definitions
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per
hour of labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers contributions for social insurance and
private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of
wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there
are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price
Index.
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor
payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect
taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting
compensation of all persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits includes corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported.
Notes on the data
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor
turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in
148
For the private business sector and the nonfarm business
sector, these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product
less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing,
and statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate
sector, the indexes refer to the Gross Domestic Product of
nonfinancial corporate businesses.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions
in the Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production.
Output data are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis,
U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve
Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product
originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
State and area unemployment data
(E table)
Since November 1972, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has
been responsible for developing the concepts and methods
used by State employment security agencies to estimate State
and local area labor force, employment, and unemployment. In
December 1975, the Office of Management and Budget extended this responsibility to include the publication of State
and local area labor force and unemployment estimates. Prior
to 1972, State agencies prepared estimates using a method
developed by the Department of Labor in 1950, generally
referred to as the Handbook method (BES Report No. R-185).
The new system combines the Handbook method with a set of
procedures based on the concepts and definitions used in the
national Current Population Survey (CPS). Improvements have
been in two areas: (1) The estimating methodology previously
used by State agencies has been modified to more closely approximate CPS definitions; and (2) The State-prepared monthly
estimates are benchmarked to annual average totals from
the CPS.
Federal-State cooperative program
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA), and other areas specifically defined for
fund allocation purposes are developed under a Federal-State
cooperative program and transmitted each month to BLS. The
local area unemployment estimates approved by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under
Federal economic assistance programs, such as those established by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
(CETA).
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates are prepared in several stages:
1. Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment
estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This
place-of-work estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of
residence as used in the Current Population Survey. Adjustment
factors for the major categories of employment by class of
worker and industry have been developed on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970
Decennial Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted
employment estimates.
for each of three building block categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State unemployment insurance (Ul) laws; (2) those previously employed
in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were
either entering the labor force for the first time or reentering
after a period of separation.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving
benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by UI is derived by applying the current ratio of
covered unemployment to covered employment to the employment estimate for each industry or class of worker subgroup in
the State, weighted by factors reflecting national historical
relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations
that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each
month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function
of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced
unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force; and
(d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth". The composite estimate of total entrants is
defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U = total entrant unemployment
E = total employment
X = total experienced unemployment
A,B = synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation,
and an assumed relationship between the proportion of youths in the working population and the
historical relationship of entrants to the experienced
unemployed (B factor) or the experienced labor
force (A factor).
3. Adjustment for additivity. Using the Handbook method,
States prepare independent employment and unemployment
estimates for the State, and for many substate areas. An adjustment is applied to all substate estimates to ensure that the substate estimates add to the independent State totals. Specific
additivity adjustment procedures vary from State to State, but
are generally one of the three following basic methods: (a) If a
State is comprised of mutually exclusive and exhaustive
LMA's, then the difference between the independent State
estimate and the sum of the estimates for the LMA's is prorated
2. Preliminary estimate—Unemployment: In the current month, over all LMA's in the State, to produce a set of substate estithe estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
mates which add to the independent State estimate; (b) If the
149
mutually exclusive LMA's do not exhaust the geographic area
of the State, then the difference between the independent
State estimate and the sum of the LMA estimates, or residual,
becomes the balance-of-State estimate; (c) If a State contains
LMA's which are benchmarked independently (see below),
estimates for these areas are subtracted from the independent
State estimate and the additivity adjustment is then applied to
the remaining areas in the balance of the State.
4. Benchmark correction and extrapolation procedures. Once
each year all monthly estimates prepared by State employment
security agencies under the Handbook method are adjusted,
or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average estimates resulting from the CPS. This adjustment is necessary because
the State-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS
estimates, due to differences in State Ul laws, the structural
limitations of the Handbook method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages.
First, the monthly Handbook estimates are adjusted by the
ratio of the CPS and Handbook annual averages. Second, the
difference between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to
minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the
second-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS
annual averages.
The benchmarked estimates are extrapolated into the current year by applying the latest relevant correction factor to the
current Handbook estimates of employment and unemployment.
The employment factor used in year (t) is the quotient of the
December employment benchmarked and Handbook estimates
in year (t-1). The unemployment factor for year (t) is the algebraic difference between the December unemployment benchmarked and Handbook estimates in year (t-1). The preliminary
estimate in the current year is then the result of applying the
correction factor by multiplication (for employment), or by addition (for unemployment) to the current Handbook estimate.
Seasonal adjustment
Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past
experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can
be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe
the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series.
However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern—
that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series—it is important
to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation
based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have
a broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally
adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data
are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment methods used for these series are
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method,
with a provision for moving "adjustment factors" to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of
the method is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal
Factor Method (1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method
II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15,
Bureau of the Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing the Census Bureaus X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal
adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force
series are revised to take into account data from the previous
year. In January 1976, in addition to the routine annual
revisions, the Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure
for seasonally adjusting teenage unemployment and those few
other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of
which teenagers are the exclusive or major part. All other
series are adjusted following past procedures.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates,
are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series.
For example, for each of the three major labor force components-agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment,
and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and
females under and over 20 years of age) are separately
adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive
seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to provide seasonally
adjusted total employment and civilian labor force estimates,
150
the appropriate series are aggregated. The unemployment rate
for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for
total unemployment (the sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components
of the labor force based on data through December 1976, new
seasonal factors for the 12 major components of the civilian
labor force, and a description of the seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in the February 1977 Employment
and Earnings. Many additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the series presented, are available
from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all
employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels.
Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted
average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted
average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average
weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing seasonally adjusted
average weekly earnings by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers,
seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total
private, total goods producing, total private service producing,
trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing
by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal
Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only
significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of
such employment may change substantially from year to year
because of administrative decisions by the Postal Service.
Hence, It was considered desirable to exclude this group from
the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are
applied directly to the component series. These series are then
aggregated to obtain total levels (total accessions and total
separations). These factors are derived by the Census X-11
Method using the trading day option. As a result these series
are adjusted for the number of times each day of the week
occurs in a given month, as well as for the month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment
data reflect experience through August 1976. Seasonal factors
to be used for current adjustment appear in the December
1976 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.
151
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg.
Government Center - Room 1603 A
Boston, Mass. 02202
REGION V - CHICAGO
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
REGION 11 - NEW YORK
1515 Broadway—Suite 3400
New York, N.Y. 10036
REGION VI - DALLAS
555 Griffin Sq., 2nd Fl.
Dallas, Tex. 75202
REGION III -PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)
Philadelphia, Pa.
REGIONS VII & VIII - KANSAS CITY
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
REGION IV - ATLANTA
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
REGIONS IX & X -SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LA US), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and
Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
Mi
l v
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
V
V
IV
VII
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
VIM
VII
IX
I
I!
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEWJERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEWYORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
X OREGON
III
I
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
IV
VIM
IV
VI
VIM
I
III
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
X
III
V
VIII
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
-Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36104
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3-7000, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85007
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (LAUS and CES).
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor and Employment, Room 222, 1 210 Sherman Street,
Denver 80203
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, 801 West Street, Wilmington 19899
-Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Manpower Administration, Room 626,
500 C Street, N.W., Washington 20001
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Commerce, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304
-Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 9681 1
-Department of Employment, P.O, Box 35, Boise 83707
-Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor, 910 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Employment Security Commission, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, 401 Topeka Boulevard, Topeka 66603
-Bureau of Manpower Services, State Office Building Annex, Frankfort 40601
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Employment Security Building, Government Center
Boston 02114
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Employment Services, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson
City 65101
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1 728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89701
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Department of Labor and Industry, 202 John Fitch Plaza, Trenton 08625
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Employment, N.Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus—Building 12, Albany 12201
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505
-Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145S. Front St., Columbus 43216
-Employment Security Commission, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, Room 402, Labor and Industries Building,
Salem 97310
-Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets,
Harrisburg 17121
-Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, Room 117, 235 Promenade Street, Providence 02908
(CES). Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 (LAUS and LTS)
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 12064, Richmond
23241 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (LAUS and LTS)
-Employment Security Department, 1007 South Washington Street, Olympia 98501
-Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 1 12 California Avenue, Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601
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