Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 2000
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
January 2000
Vol. 47 No. 1
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham. Commissioner
Calendar of Features
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010',
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration
with the Office of Publications The data are collected by
the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and
State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Slate agencies are listed on
the inside back cover
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addressed to: Editors, Employment <£ Earnings. Bureau of
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concerning the data in this publication, or their availability,
should be directed as follows:
Household data:
Telephone: (202)691-6378
E-mail: CPSInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
National establishment data:
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Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
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E-mail: Lauslnfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
j
In addition to the monthly data appearing regular!)
in kmplovmeni A Ijwnin^s, special lea?.ires appear
in most of the issues as shown-below
Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Jan.
Annual averages
Jan
Earnings bv delas 1 cd <>ccupation
Jan.
Union affiliation
Jan.
Minimum wage data
Jan.
E n i p I o v ee ahse n c e s
Quarterly averages. .Seasonally adjusted ,iata,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam en: veteians
and nonveterans. and weekly earnings Jala
Jan.. Apr., July. Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail
March, June
Women employees
March, June
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors
June
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages
Mav
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Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott
Employment^Earnings
Editors Note
Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.
With this issue, seasonally adjusted unemployment and other labor force series derived from
the Current Population Survey (household survey) have been revised to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors which incorporate the experience through December 1999. As a result,
seasonally adjusted data for 1995-99 are subject to revision. Revised current data appear in
table A, tables A-l through A-13, and D-l through D-ll.
The article beginning on page 3 discusses the effect of the revisions, describes the seasonal
adjustment method, and includes the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate
the major civilian labor force series for January-June 2000.
Historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the Internet.
Internet users can access these data from the ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf directory.
This issue also introduces as a regularly recurring special feature, annual data on wage and
salary workers with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage. An article on
page 7 describes these data and data for 1999 appear in tables 44 and 45.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1999
Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series
Data on persons earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
ii
vii
1
3
7
8
233
272
Statistical tables
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Historical
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
adjusted
10
12
23
48
52
57
69
82
82
49
65
100
123
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
127
129
Household data:
Quarterly averages
Annual averages
140
Establishment data:
Annual averages
Other
features
134
134
151
166
229
Monthly Household Data
Page
Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
10
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
11
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
12
13
15
16
Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex
17
18
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
19
20
21
22
22
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
23
26
27
29
30
Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
31
32
33
34
35
35
36
37
38
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment...
39
40
41
42
43
43
44
45
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
45
Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
46
47
Monthly Establishment Data
Page
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
48
49
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
52
54
55
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
56
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
57
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry
65
66
67
68
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
69
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
81
States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
82
Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
100
120
121
122
123
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State
127
129
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
134
iii
Quarterly Household Data
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l.
D-2.
D-3.
D-4.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
140
141
143
144
Characteristics of the Employed
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex
145
146
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
D-ll.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
147
148
149
150
150
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
D-13. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
151
152
Characteristics of the Employed
D-l4. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-15. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
153
154
155
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-18. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
D-19. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
156
157
158
Weekly Earnings Data
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
159
160
161
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
IV
162
163
Annual Averages—Household Data
Page
Employment Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1936 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the Hispanic-origin population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
8. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
166
167
168
171
172
173
174
175
Characteristics of the Employed
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or
part-time status
Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and
full- or part-time status
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and race
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation
Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than
35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
176
177
178
184
185
186
187
188
189
191
196
196
197
198
199
Characteristics of the Unemployed
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and age
persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by selected demographic characteristics and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and active jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and active jobsearch methods used
200
201
202
203
204
205
205
206
207
208
209
Persons Not in the Labor Force
35. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
210
Multiple Jobholders
36. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
211
Weekly Earnings Data
37. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
38. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex
212
212
213
Annual Averages—Household Data—Continued
Page
Union Affiliation Data
40.
41.
42.
43.
Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation and selected characteristics
Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry
219
220
221
222
Minimum Wage Data
44.
45.
Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,
by selected characteristics
Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,
by occupation and industry
223
224
Employee Absences Data
46.
Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by age and sex
225
47.
Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
226
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
48.
49.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
227
228
Annual Averages—Establishment Data
Employment-National
50.
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
229
51.
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group ....
231
Hours and Earnings-National
52. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
232
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
233
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H
235
235
235
237
237
239
241
241
242
242
243
243
243
244
244
244
244
245
245
245
245
246
246
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
253
253
253
Page
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
233
234
234
vn
256
256
256
256
256
256
257
258
258
259
259
259
259
260
260
260
263
263
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
266
266
266
266
266
266
267
Seasonal adjustment
268
267
267
267
267
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Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1999
E
mployment rose in December, and the unemployment
rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent. Nonfarm payroll
employment increased by 315,000. Job growth
occurred throughout the service-producing sector and in
construction, while manufacturing employment was little
changed. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents in
December following a rise of 1 cent in November and have
increased by 3.7 percent over the year.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 5.7 million in December, and the unemployment
rate was 4.1 percent for the third consecutive month. The
jobless rate moved downward in 1999; the fourth-quarter
average of 4.1 percent was down from 4.4 percent in the
fourth quarter of 1998. Unemployment rates for all the
major worker groups—adult men (3.3 percent), adult women
(3.6 percent), teenagers (13.8 percent), whites (3.5 percent),
blacks (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.9 percent)—showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-3 and
A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The number of persons in the civilian labor force, 140.1
million, was little changed in December, as was the labor
force participation rate, at 67.1 percent. Total employment
rose to 134.4 million. The employment-population ratio—
the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs—
was 64.4 percent in December, matching its all-time high
first reached in January 1999. (See table A-3.)
About 8.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in December. These multiple jobholders
represented 6.0 percent of the total employed, compared with
6.2 percent in December 1998. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the
labor force in December totaled 1.1 million (not seasonally
adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They are not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for employment in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 267,000 in
December. These people, a subset of the marginally attached,
were not currently looking for work specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in
December to 129.9 million, after seasonal adjustment. Job
growth in 1999 totaled 2.7 million or 2.1 percent; this compares to a 2.4 percent gain in 1998. Private sector payroll
employment rose by 251,000 over the month. (See table
B-3.)
The services industry added 109,000 jobs in December.
Employment in business services rose by 77,000 over the
month, with job gains in personnel supply services (27,000)
and computer and data processing services (13,000). Engineering and management services added 23,000 jobs. Both
business services and engineering and management services
had much smaller increases in November. Health services
employment grew by 16,000 in December, the second consecutive month with an above-average increase for the industry. Employment in two services industries that tend to
experience large seasonal fluctuations in demand—agricultural services and amusements and recreation—declined in
December.
Employment in retail trade rose by 65,000 in December.
Over the year, retail employment increased by 427,000, or
1.9 percent, slightly above the 1.7 percent gain in 1998. In
December, job gains were concentrated in general merchandise stores (34,000) and eating and drinking places (27,000).
December's job gain in general merchandise stores was the
first increase since April 1999. Employment in eating and
drinking places fluctuated in 1999 but remained on an upward trend. Wholesale trade employment increased by 16,000
in December, in line with its average for the prior 12 months.
Growth in the industry was concentrated in durable goods
distribution.
Transportation and public utilities added 32,000 jobs in
December, twice the average for the prior 12 months. Within
transportation, air transportation, which moves packages as
well as passengers, added 14,000 jobs, and trucking and
warehousing added 9,000.
Finance, insurance, and real estate added 12,000 jobs
in December, mostly in finance. Within finance, employment in security and commodity brokerages grew by
5,000. Employment in real estate was little changed in
December, following gains over the previous 2 months totaling 14,000.
Employment in government rose by 64,000 in December,
after seasonal adjustment. Much of the gain was in local
government education, where there had been little net change
over the prior 3 months.
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
rose by 16,000 in December, following a much larger gain
in November. Most of the December increase was in heavy
construction.
In December, for the second straight month, manufacturing employment was little changed. Over the year, manufacturing lost 248,000 jobs, with most of the decline occurring during the first half of the year. In durable goods, aircraft manufacturing continued to lose jobs. The December
loss was offset by small gains in other durable goods industries, including electronic components, where employment
increased by 2,000 over the month and by 10,000 since its
most recent low in April. Fabricated metals also added 2,000
jobs in December; since its most recent low point in August,
this industry has added 6,000 jobs. Within nondurable goods
industries, apparel and textiles continued their long-term
employment declines, with job losses in 1999 that totaled
66,000 and 32,000, respectively.
Within mining, employment in oil and gas extraction continued to trend upward. The industry has added 6,000 jobs
since August; this follows heavy losses through most of 1998
and the first half of 1999.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in
December at 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also was unchanged at 41.7 hours; manufacturing overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 4.7 hours. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged
up by 0.1 percent to 149.3 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing index edged down by 0.1 percent in
December to 106.0. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in
December to $13.46, seasonally adjusted. This follows a gain
of 1 cent in November. Hourly earnings rose by 11 cents in
each of the last 2 quarters of 1999, following gains of 13
cents in each of the first 2 quarters of the year. Over the
month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.4 percent to
$464.37, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly
earnings rose by 3.7 percent, and average weekly earnings
increased by 3.4 percent. (See table B-ll.)
Planned Changes in the Household Survey Data
Effective with the release of data for January 2000, revisions will be introduced into the population controls used for the household survey. The changes will result in a downward shift in
the estimated total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over for January 2000. The
changes will subtract approximately 193,000 from the previously estimated population trend
growth between December 1999 and January 2000. The impact will vary for subpopulations
such as men (-67,000), women (-127,000), Hispanic (-23,000), and non-Hispanic (-171,000).
The effect of the change on labor force estimates will be described in the February 2000 issue
of Employment and Earnings.
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference
month
Release date
Reference
month
Release date
January
February 4
April
May 5
February
March 3
May
June 2
March
April 7
June
July 7
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted
Labor Force Series
Robert J. Mclntire
T
he original data values for many economic time series
are often substantially influenced by seasonality,
reflecting recurring calendar-related effects caused
by weather, holidays, the opening and closing of schools,
and other such seasonal events. Seasonal adjustment is a
process used to estimate and remove that seasonality. The
reason for doing so is to make it easier to observe and analyze
the nonseasonal movements in the series, particularly shortterm movements associated with business cycles.
The seasonal adjustment process produces estimates of
seasonality, called seasonal factors, for the period of observations used in the process and for some projected observations immediately following that period. For the labor force
series, initial seasonal adjustment of current data is done
using the projected seasonal factors, which are estimates of
how much the original unadjusted values can be expected
to deviate from underlying trend-cycle levels due to recurring behavior as projected from average seasonal patterns
in the recent past.
Even though seasonality involves regularly recurring
patterns, it does tend to change or at least evolve over time,
creating a need for periodic reestimation of factors and
revision of recently adjusted estimates. By including more
recent data in the estimation process, the revision process
can provide better estimates of how much the original,
unadjusted estimates actually deviated from underlying
trend-cycle levels during the recent period, thereby
improving the historical seasonally adjusted data for that
period. In addition, the new information is incorporated to
produce the new projected factors to be used for current
seasonal adjustment.
Therefore, at the end of each calendar year, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics reestimates the seasonality of the unemployment, employment, and other labor force series derived
from the Current Population Survey (CPS) by including another full year of data in the estimation process. Based on
this annual reestimation, BLS issues the projected factors
for the first 6 months of the new year as well as revised
estimates of historical seasonally adjusted data for the last
5 years. Each year's data are generally subject to five revision cycles before the values are considered final. The fifth
and final revisions in the earliest of the 5 years are usually
quite small, while thefirst-timerevisions in the most recent
year can be much more substantial, although even these
Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Division of Data
Development and Publications, Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6345;
E-mail: McIntire_R@bls.gov
rarely alter the essential trends observed in the initial major
estimates. This year's revisions incorporate data through December 1999 and provide revised estimates for January 1995
through December 1999 for all previously seasonally adjusted labor force series.
Table 1 contains the new projected seasonal factors to be
applied during the first 6 months of 2000 to the 12 component series used in the computation of the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate. (See the
section on aggregation procedures later in the article.) Projected factors for the last 6 months of 2000 will be published in the July issue of this publication.
Effect of revisions
One of the criteria used to evaluate alternative methods of
seasonal adjustment is how close initial estimates are to
subsequent revisions. Policymakers and analysts must make
determinations based on current information, and so it is
important that the initial estimates of current factors for the
seasonal adjustment of major economic series produce estimates of level and change that are as close as possible to the
improved estimates that will be made after more data have
become available. Even though the revisions currently being released for the 1999 seasonally adjusted data are not
final, the first revisions are usually more substantial than,
and often indicate the direction of, any subsequent revisions.
Therefore, it is appropriate to compare these first revisions
with the initial estimates. Table 2 shows the civilian unemployment rates for 1999 asfirstcomputed and as revised, as
well as the changes due to revision. Rounded to one decimal place as published, the rates were unchanged in 11 of
the 12 months, and changed by 0.1 percentage point in the
remaining month. The effects of the revisions would be
more evident if the rates were computed to more decimal
places.
Adjustment methods and procedures
The official seasonal adjustment procedure for the labor force
series is the X-11 ARIMA program, which was developed
at Statistics Canada during the 1970s as an extension of and
improvement to the widely used X-l 1 method developed at
1
The primary documentation for the X-l 1 ARIMA procedure is The XARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics
Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983). (ARIMA is an acronym
for AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average.) The X-l 1 method is described in The X-l I Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment
Program, by Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and John Musgrave (Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census, 1967).
Table 1. Pre-1994 prior adjustment and January-June 2000 seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major civilian labor force components
Prior
adjustment
factors
January
February
March
April
May
June
(1)
.776
.860
.853
.892
.910
.642
.604
.874
.923
.651
.711
.929
.930
.751
.744
1.018
.965
.890
.802
1.058
1.019
1.201
1.246
1.084
1.066
1.502
1.596
.996,1.003
3
.996
.989
.997
.992
1.000
.996
1.004
.998
1.001
1.002
1.001
1.005
.994
.938
.976
1.195
1.056
1.167
1.031
1.124
1.022
.977
.927
.927
.933
.949
1.026
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
-68
-96
-330
-218
-275
-167
-233
-122
-216
-176
-43
-93
394
278
Unemployment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
-47
(1)
32
-40
-30
-16
2
-42
-62
-64
-32
25
205
208
Procedure and series
Seasonal adjustment factors
Multiplicative adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
2
Additive adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
1
No prior adjustment was done.
For this series, the factors are pre-1997 and pre-1999. The first
factor shows the adjustment of pre-1997 data relative to subsequent
data, the second factor shows the adjustment of pre-1999 data relative
2
the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the 1960s.1 The X-ll
ARIMA method improves current estimates for most series
by allowing recent observations, especially those of the last
6 months, to weigh more heavily in the estimates of current
and recent seasonal factors than did the X-ll alone. The
method provides this improvement through the use of
ARIMA models to extend the data series by 12 months.
The X-l 1 algorithm for seasonal adjustment is then applied
to the extended series.
ARIMA models. ARIMA projections are based only on the
past experience observed in a series itself. ARIMA models
have proved to have good properties for short-term projection or extrapolation of a large class of time series, especially in a seasonal adjustment context, since the extrapolations tend to track intra-year movements quite well. The
ARIMA models in the X-l 1 ARIMA program used to seasonally adjust the labor force series are of the Box-Jenkins
type.2 They can generally be described with the notation:
2
For a more detailed discussion of ARIMA models, refer to previously cited
Dagum (1983) and to G.E.P. Box and G.M. Jenkins, Time Series Analysis,
Forecasting and Control (San Francisco, Holden Day, 1970); and C.W.J.
Granger and P. Newbold, Forecasting Economic Time Series (New York,
Academic Press, 1977).
to subsequent data. The actual net adjustment to pre-1997 data is the
product of the two factors.
3
For this series, the prior adjusted period was pre-1999 rather than
pre-1994.
(p,d,q)(P,D,Q) TRANSFORMATION,
Where:
(1) p is the number of regular (nonseasonal)
autoregressive parameters
(2) d is the number of regular differences
(3) q is the number of regular moving average
parameters
(4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive
parameters
(5) D is the number of seasonal differences
(6) Q is the number of seasonal moving average
parameters
(7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE, LOG,
or POWER(n).
While the lettered elements within the parentheses of the
model specifications can theoretically take on many values,
in practice, only small values are useful. (See table 3.)
For each labor force series which has been extended based
on an ARIMA model, the model has been specifically chosen as well suited to the particular series, based on a set of
Table 2. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1999
and change due to revision
Month
January
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..
As first
As
computed revised
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
1
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
v/l Idl I]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
1
This rate reflects the use of seasonal factors projected for December 1999 as published in the July 1999 issue of Employment and
Earnings and was subject to revision before regular publication of
December data.
established criteria. The criteria essentially require a model
to: (1) Fit the series well, (2) have low average forecasting
errors in the last 3 years prior to the projected year, and (3)
produce residuals (the differences between the observed
values and the values forecast by the model for the observed
period) which follow a random pattern. Acceptable ARIMA
models have been identified and were used for 175 of the
181 labor force series which were directly adjusted at the
end of 1999, including all 12 major civilian labor force components, whose ARIMA models are shown in table 3. The
model for one of those major components—nonagricultural
employment for men 16 to 19 years—is different from that
used last year. The six remaining series for which
acceptable models have not been identified were simply run
through the X-l 1 part of the program without any ARIMA
extrapolations.
X-ll procedures. The procedures used for this year's adjustment of the labor force series within the X-11 part of the
process were different from the standard procedures of most
previous years in one respect. Because of the changes introduced at the beginning of 1994, 1997, and 1999 in the
survey and processing procedures on which the labor force
series estimates are based, prior adjustment factors were used
in these X-ll ARIMA runs to link the pre-1994, pre-1997,
and/or pre-1999 data with the subsequent data for purposes
of seasonal adjustment.3 Without prior adjustment, those
changes could have caused distortion in the seasonal de3
For further discussion of these prior adjustment factors and the changes
that they control for, see the following articles in previous issues of this
publication: "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January
1994" in the February 1994 issue; "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the March 1996 issue; "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in the February 1997 issue;
"Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series" in the January 1998
issue; "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1999"
in the February 1999 issue; and "New Seasonal Adjustment Factors for
Household Data Series" in the July 1999 issue.
composition. The prior adjustment factors used for all 12
major components are shown in Table 1 alongside the seasonal factors. A 10-year time period, including data from
January 1990 through December 1999, was used for the
adjustment of all the labor force series except for the 8 educational attainment series (which begin in 1992).
The X-ll method of seasonal adjustment contained in
the X-l 1 ARIMA procedure assumes that the original series,
including the 12 extrapolated observations if an ARIMA
model has been applied, is either the product or the sum of
three components—trend-cycle, seasonal, and irregular. The
method uses either a ratio-to- or difference-from-movingaverage approach to estimate the components, depending
on whether the multiplicative or additive model is used. The
seasonally adjusted series values are computed by dividing
each month's original value by the corresponding seasonal
factor if the multiplicative model is used, or by subtracting
the factor if the additive model is used. Of the 12 major
civilian labor force components, the 4 teenage
unemployment and nonagricultural employment series were
adjusted using the additive model, and the other 8 series
with the multiplicative model. Of all the 181 directly adjusted
series, 48 were adjusted with the additive model, including
most teenage employment and unemployment series, for
which the seasonal components were found to be fairly
independent of the trend-cycle.
Moving-holiday adjustment. Two of the series directly adjusted with multiplicative models were seasonally adjusted
using the moving-holiday extension of X-l 1 ARIMA which
was developed at BLS. Both holiday-adjusted series—persons at work on part-time schedules for noneconomic reasons who usually work part time in all industries and nonagricultural industries—had tested as having significant and
well-defined effects in their April data related to the timing
of Easter. A detailed discussion of the nature of the Easter
Table 3. ARIMA models used in end-of-1999 seasonal
adjustment for the 12 major civilian labor force components
Series
Model
Transformation
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
(1,0,0)(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)
(0,1,2)(0,1,1)
(2,1,2)(0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, I6to 19 years
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)
(0,1,4)(0,1,1)
(4,1,1)(0,1,1)
(2,1,0)(0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
(0,1,3)(0,1,1)
(O,1,1)(O,1,1)
(0,1,1x0,1,1)
(2,1,2)(0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
effect in these series and of the procedure used to control
for it as part of the seasonal adjustment process was included
in the January 1990 version of this article.
Six-month updates. The current official practice for the seasonal adjustment of the labor force series involves the running of all directly adjusted series through X-ll ARIMA
twice each year. This is done after receipt of June and December data, with 6 months of projected factors drawn from
each run and historical revisions drawn from the end-ofyear run. This practice allows, among other things, the prior
publication of seasonal factors, which historically has been
regarded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other statistical agencies as an important way of ensuring the openness
of their seasonal adjustment procedures, especially where
very sensitive indicators such as the unemployment rate have
been involved. A number of research studies, including a
1987 paper on the labor force series4, have indicated that
the alternative practice of concurrent adjustment, where the
seasonal adjustment procedure is run with all available data
each month and factors cannot be published ahead of time,
generally produces initial seasonally adjusted estimates
requiring smaller revisions than those produced by adjustment using projected factors. The BLS is continuing to compute and evaluate concurrent adjustment for the labor force
series.
Aggregation procedures
BLS maintains and publishes several hundred seasonally
adjusted labor force series in addition to the 181 directly
adjusted series discussed above. These additional series are
produced by arithmetically combining or aggregating the
directly adjusted series with each other or, in some cases,
with series on population which are not seasonally adjusted
because they are not considered to have any significant seasonal variation. For example, the seasonally adjusted levels of total unemployment, civilian employment, and civilian labor force, and the seasonally adjusted unemployment
rate for all civilian workers, are all produced by aggregation of some or all of the seasonally adjusted results for the
12 major civilian labor force components. The seasonally
adjusted level of total unemployment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of unemployment for the four agesex groups—men and women 16 to 19, and men and women
20 years and over. Seasonally adjusted civilian employment
is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of employment
for the eight employment components—the same four agesex groups as noted above employed in nonagricultural and
4
G.R. Methee and R.J. Mclntire, "An Evaluation of Concurrent Seasonal
Adjustment for the Major Labor Force Series," in the 1987 Proceedings
of the Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical
Association.
agricultural industries. The seasonally adjusted civilian
labor force is the sum of all 12 components. The seasonally
adjusted civilian unemployment rate is calculated by taking
the total seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of the total seasonally adjusted civilian labor force.
The principal reason for producing many of the major
seasonally adjusted estimates for the labor force by aggregation rather than by direct adjustment is that this approach
ensures that the major seasonally adjusted totals will be
arithmetically consistent with at least one major set of components. If the totals were directly adjusted along with the
components, such consistency would not, in all likelihood,
occur, since the X-ll is not a sum-preserving procedure.
That is, the sum of the result for two or more directly adjusted series will not generally be the same as the result of
directly adjusting the sum of the unadjusted versions of the
same series. Another factor is that it would generally be
inappropriate to apply seasonal factors computed for an
aggregate series to the components of the aggregate. The
various labor force components tend to have significantly
different patterns of seasonal variation; for example, teenage unemployment tends to peak in June, while unemployment of adult men tends to peak in the winter months of
January and February. In order to estimate properly these
varying seasonal patterns, it is necessary to adjust the components directly. Of course, one of the implications of
producing seasonally adjusted estimates for many major
series by aggregation is that exact factors cannot be projected for those series. However, implicit seasonal adjustment factors can be calculated after the fact by taking the
ratio of the unadjusted aggregate to the seasonally adjusted
aggregate, or, for additive implicit factors, the difference
between those two aggregates.
Availability of revised series
This issue of Employment and Earnings contains revised
monthly and quarterly data for the most recent 13 months
and 12 calendar quarters for many seasonally adjusted labor force series. These revisions replace the seasonally adjusted estimates previously published for those periods.
Revised historical seasonally adjusted labor force data also
are available in various forms on the Internet (stats.bls.gov),
including ftp access (ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/
If) to all the revised data. The seasonally adjusted data last
published for 1994 and earlier years were not further
revised.
The January-June 2000 factors for any of the directly
adjusted series beyond the 12 major components can be
obtained from BLS upon request. Requests for the seasonal
factors or inquiries concerning the seasonal adjustment
methodology used for the labor force data should be addressed to the Division of Data Development and Publications, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.
Data on Persons Earning the
Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage
Steven E. Haugen
T
his issue of Employment and Earnings introduces two tables
that contain annual data on wage and salary workers paid
hourly rates who earn the prevailing Federal minimum wage
($5.15 per hour in 1999) or less. Annual average data for 1999 are
presented in tables 44 and 45 (pp. 223-224). Table 44 shows data
by major demographic characteristics and full- or part-time status. Table 45 contains data by occupation and industry.
Information on hourly-paid workers with earnings at or below
the prevailing Federal minimum wage is obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a monthly sample survey of about 50,000 households that is used to collect employment and unemployment data for the Nation. This survey also
includes a series of questions on earnings that are asked of onefourth of the monthly CPS sample households. Data on minimum
wage workers are derived from survey questions that identify
hourly-paid workers and obtain their hourly wage rate.
When a person is identified as an hourly-paid worker, the
respondent for the household (typically one member of the
household reports for all other members) is asked: "What is
's
hourly rate of pay on this job?" exclusive of any overtime pay,
tips, and commissions. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole
or principal job, and exclude all self-employed workers, regardless
of whether or not their business is incorporated. Reported wage
rates equal to the prevailing Federal minimum wage are tabulated
as "At prevailing Federal minimum wage" and wage rates below
the minimum are tabulated as "Below prevailing Federal minimum
wage."
BLS has tabulated data on minimum and subminimum wage
workers from the CPS since 1979, when the Bureau began collecting earnings data on a regular monthly basis in this survey.
BLS has incorporated the data in analytical pieces; the unpublished data, which always have been available upon request, have
been widely used to study the number and characteristics of minimum wage workers. Over the years, the demand for these data
has grown so dramatically that BLS has decided to publish the
figures on a regular basis.
Users of these data should be aware that hourly-paid workers
with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage
may or may not be subject to (or exempt from) the minimum wage
provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Federal
law that establishes a minimum wage standard.1 Although the
law covers the majority of wage and salary workers in the United
States, the FLSA contains numerous exemptions and coverage exclusions. For example, some workers, such as those in bona fide
executive, administrative, and professional occupations, are
excluded from the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA through
specific exemptions. In addition, certain small retail or service
establishments are not covered by the law based on their limited
sales volume.
Not only are there numerous exemptions under the minimum
Steven E. Haugen is an economist in the Division of Labor Force Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6378; E-mail:
Haugen_S@bls.gov
wage statute, there also are provisions under the law that allow
certain workers to be paid a cash wage less than the minimum.
For example, tipped employees can be paid a cash wage lower
than the minimum, as long as their tips, combined with the cash
wage received from their employer, equals the prevailing minimum. Thus, the existence of workers with wages below the Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of
the FLSA.
Much of the information needed to determine whether the law
applies to particular individuals is not readily available from a
household survey such as the CPS. For example, even if asked in
the survey, few household respondents would likely know the annual sales volume of their employer. For this reason, it is not
possible to accurately determine the legal status (with respect to
the FLSA) of all minimum and subminimum wage earners, as
measured by the CPS.
Users also should keep in mind that response error in the survey may result in a number of workers being reported with wages
below the minimum when they actually earned the minimum wage
(or more). Some survey respondents (who may be proxy respondents) might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar,
and depending on the prevailing minimum wage level, may report
a wage less than the minimum, even though the reference person
was, in fact, paid the minimum wage. For example, in 1999, some
persons earning the prevailing minimum wage of $5.15 might have
been reported with a wage of $5.00, simply because of rounding.
Similarly, some might have been reported with a wage of $5.25 or
$5.50.
It also should be noted that estimates of minimum and
subminimum wage workers pertain to workers paid at hourly rates
(about three-fifths of all wage and salary workers); salaried and
other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers whose hourly pay would be at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage is undoubtedly understated. Research
has shown that a relatively small number and share of salaried
and other workers not paid by the hour have earnings that, when
translated into hourly rates, are at or below the minimum wage.
However, these workers are not included in the attached tables
because of difficulties in estimating the hourly earnings of those
not paid by the hour.2
Finally, users should remember that, as with all data from a
sample survey, estimates are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling errors (the latter includes the rounding issue mentioned above). For more information on these sources of error, see
the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" section in the
back of this publication.
1
See the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. For information on recent
estimates of coverage and compliance under the law, see Minimum Wage
and Overtime Hours Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, U.S. Department
of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Wage and Hour Division,
June 1998.
2
For further information, see Steven E. Haugen and Earl F. Mellor, "Estimating the number of minimum wage workers," Monthly Labor Review,
January 1990, pp. 70-74.
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1999
Category
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
| May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Labor force status
206,270 206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208.666 208.832
138,545 139,232 139,137 138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139.834 140,108
67.2
67.4
67.3
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134.098 134,420
64.2
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.2
6,007
6,032
6,028
6,108
5,934
5,823
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5.736
5,688
5,828
67,725 67,487 67,736 68,232 68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68.724
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Unemployment rates
4.4
3.6
3.9
14.0
3.8
7.8
7.8
All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
4.3
3.5
3.8
15.1
3.8
7.8
6.7
4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2
3.8
8.2
6.8
4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
3.8
7.8
6.8
4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2
3.6
8.0
6.0
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999. data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
3.7
7.6
6.7
4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6
4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3
4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5
4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6
4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3
4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
6.1
4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9
experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
127,186
107,213
25,354
570
6.173
18,611
101,832
6,684
6,901
22.525
7,542
38,207
19,973
127,378
107,386
25,315
560
6,170
18,585
102,063
6,708
6,924
22,556
7,570
38,313
19,992
127,730
107,676
25,329
553
6,238
18,538
102,401
6,723
6,937
22,648
7,581
38,458
20,054
127,813
107,726
25,285
550
6,232
18,503
102,528
6,732
6,947
22,611
7,595
38,556
20,087
128,134
108,035
25,288
538
6,277
18,473
102,846
6,750
6,965
22,724
7,611
38,697
20,099
128,162
108,085
25,199
531
6,239
18,429
102,963
6,758
6,977
22,748
7,621
38,782
20,077
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
128,816
108,663
25,247
528
6,270
18,449
103,569
6,799
7,012
22,903
7,647
39,055
20,153
128,945
108,735
25,148
524
6,246
18,378
103,797
6,813
7,031
22,888
7,650
39,205
20,210
129,048
108,830
25,186
527
6,293
18,366
103,862
6,831
7,041
22,862
7,653
39,257
20.218
129,332
109.095
25,198
528
6,314
18,356
104,134
6,841
7,064
22,891
7,668
39,433
20,237
129,554
109,296
25,260
527
6,369
18,364
104,294
6,860
7,066
22,887
7,678
39,545
20,258
129,869
109,547
25.277
529
6,385
18,363
104,592
6,892
7,082
22,952
7,690
39,654
20,322
373
325
67
2
12
53
306
18
19
107
11
103
48
129
72
-99
-4
-24
-71
228
14
19
-15
3
150
57
103
95
38
3
47
-12
65
18
10
-26
3
52
8
284
265
12
1
21
-10
272
10
23
29
15
176
19
222
201
62
-1
55
8
160
19
2
-4
10
112
21
315
251
17
2
16
-1
298
32
16
65
12
109
64
34.5
41.9
4.7
34.5
41.8
4.7
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.5
41.8
4.7
34.5
41.7
4.6
34.5
41.7
4.7
148.2
106.4
148.8
106.2
149.2
106.1
149.3
106.0
June
Employment
Total
.
Total private
Goods-Droducina industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
...
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
.
.. .
128,443
108,338
25,180
526
6,258
18,396
103,263
6,781
6,993
22,796
7,636
38,952
20,105
Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services ...
Government
345
320
56
-4
88
-28
289
13
10
82
22
137
25
192
173
-39
-10
-3
-26
231
24
23
31
28
106
19
352
290
14
-7
68
-47
338
15
13
92
11
145
62
83
50
-44
-3
-6
-35
127
9
10
-37
14
98
33
321
309
3
-12
45
-30
318
18
18
113
16
141
12
28
50
-89
-7
-38
-44
117
8
12
24
10
85
-22
281
253
-19
-5
19
-33
300
23
16
48
15
170
28
Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
...
34.6
41.7
4.5
34.6
41.6
4.5
34.6
41.6
4.5
34.5
41.5
4.5
34.4
41.7
4.6
34.4
41.6
4.3
34.5
41.7
4.7
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing
146.6
107.5
146.8
107.1
147.3
106.8
146.8
106.5
147.2
106.5
147.0
106.5
147.8
106.3
148.3
107.3
148.4
106.4
Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant M982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings total private
1
$12.98
7.81
449.11
$13.04
7.83
451.18
$13.06
7.84
451.88
$13.11
7.86
452.30
Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
2
$13.14
7.83
452.02
$13.18
7.85
453.39
$13.24
7.89
456.78
N.A. = not available.
P = preliminary,
$13.28
7.88
458.16
$13.29
7.87
458.51
$13.35
7.86
459.24
$13.39
7.87
461.96
$13.40
7.86
462.30
$13.46
N.A.
464.37
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1995-99
Thousands
130,000
Thousands
130,000
127,500
127,500
125,000 -
- 125,000
122,500
122,500
120,000
120,000
117,500 -
117,500
115,000
1995
1996
1997
115,000
1998
1999
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1995-99
Percent
6.0
4.5
4.0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability with data
for prior periods.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricuitural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970..
1971 ..
19721
19731
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
19781
1979..
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,i58
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980.,
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
19901
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
19981
19992
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5.880
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1998:
December.
206,270
138,545
67.2
132,517
64.2
3,241
129,276
6,028
4.4
67,725
1999:
January2 ...
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
206,719
206,873
207,036
207,236
207,427
207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832
139,232
139,137
138,804
139,086
139,013
139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140,108
67.4
67.3
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
133,225
133,029
132,976
133,054
133,190
133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
3,297
3,328
3,290
3,341
3,290
3,330
3,278
3,234
3,179
3,238
3,310
3,279
129,928
129,701
129,686
129,713
129,900
130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130,702
130,788
131,141
6,007
6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
67,487
67,736
68,232
68,150
68,414
68,300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68,786
68,832
68,724
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1998 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-1 through A-13 have
been revised based on the experience through December 1999. Data for
1995-99 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
10
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutionai
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1988
1989
87,857
88,762
66,927
67,840
76.2
76.4
63,273
64,315
72.0
72.5
2,493
2,513
60.780
61.802
3,655
3,525
5.5
5.2
20,930
20,923
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73.261
73,959
74,512
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71.446
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2.552
2,553
2.432
62.559
61.634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69,014
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3,266
3,066
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
21.367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25.210
2,421
68,752
3,209
4.3
24.927
2,456
2.449
2,426
2,489
2.420
2,430
2,435
2,409
2,361
2.389
2.501
2,440
68,912
68,781
68,843
68.719
68.787
68,900
69,002
69,027
69.269
69,234
69,231
69,487
3,138
3,232
2,949
3,062
3,111
3,084
3,061
3,063
3,013
3,057
2,996
3,003
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
24.692
24,817
25,144
25,195
25,245
25,254
25,263
25,364
25,333
25,408
25,451
25.334
1996
19971
19981
19992
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1998:
December...
99,309
74,382
74.9
71.173
1999:
January2
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September..
October
November...
December...
99,198
99,279
99,362
99,465
99,563
99,668
99,761
99,863
99,976
100,088
100,179
100,264
74,506
74,462
74,218
74,270
74,318
74,414
74,498
74.499
74,643
74.680
74,728
74.930
75.1
75.0
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7
71,368
71,230
71,269
71,208
71.207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71.732
71,927
71.9
71.7
71.7
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7
Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989
96,756
97,630
54,742
56,030
56.6
57.4
51,696
53,027
53.4
54.3
676
687
51,020
52,341
3,046
3,003
5.6
5.4
42,014
41,601
19901
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103.406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849
53,011
52.815
53,380
54.273
55.755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2,814
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3
41.957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42.528
42,382
42,748
43.175
60,524
2.819
61,016
60,920
60,843
60,994
61,113
61,168
61,119
61,269
61,202
61,468
61,557
61,654
2,869
2,876
2,879
2,970
2,712
2,850
2,876
2,779
2,812
2,700
2,740
2,685
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19992
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^
1998:
December....
106,960
64.163
60.0
61.344
1999:
January2
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September...
October
November....
December....
107,521
107,593
107,674
107,771
107,864
107,964
108,067
108,175
108,289
108,395
108,487
108,569
64,726
64,675
64,586
64,816
64.695
64,918
64,838
64,873
64,832
65,017
65,106
65.178
60.2
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0
61,857
61,799
61,707
61,846
61,983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62,020
62,317
62,366
62.493
57.5
57.4
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
841
879
864
852
870
900
843
825
818
849
809
839
42,797
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
42,795
42,918
43.088
42,955
43,169
43,046
43,229
43,302
43,457
43,378
43,381
43.391
January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1999. Data for 1995-99 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for
additional information.
11
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1998
Dec.
1999
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 206,270 206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832
Civilian labor force
138,545 139,232 139,137 138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.3
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.4
Percent of population
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.0
Employed
132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134.420
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.2
Employment-population ratio
64.2
64.3
5,757
5,688
5,823
5,934
6,032
6,108
5,842
5,937
5,828
6,007
5,825
5,736
Unemployed
6,028
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.1
Unemployment rate
4.4
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
99,309
74,382
74.9
71,173
71.7
2,421
68,752
3,209
4.3
24,927
99,198
74,506
75.1
71,368
71.9
2,456
68,912
3,138
4.2
24,692
99,279
74,462
75.0
71,230
71.7
2,449
68,781
3,232
4.3
24,817
99,362
74,218
74.7
71,269
71.7
2,426
68,843
2,949
4.0
25,144
99,465
74,270
74.7
71,208
71.6
2,489
68,719
3,062
4.1
25,195
99,563
74,318
74.6
71,207
71.5
2,420
68,787
3,111
4.2
25,245
99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254
99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263
99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364
99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.6
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927
71.7
71.6
71.6
71.6
2,389
2,361
2,440
2,501
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487
3,057
3,013
3,003
2,996
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
91,220
70,044
76.8
67,528
74.0
2,254
65,274
2,516
3.6
21,176
91,124
70,202
77.0
67,771
74.4
2,304
65,467
2,431
3.5
20,922
91,189
70,111
76.9
67,527
74.1
2,231
65,296
2,584
3.7
21,078
91,215
69,934
76.7
67,628
74.1
2,239
65,389
2,306
3.3
21,281
91,302
69,992
76.7
67,562
74.0
2,305
65,257
2,430
3.5
21,310
91,368
69,978
76.6
67,470
73.8
2,224
65,246
2,508
3.6
21,390
91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371
91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394
91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452
91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465
91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557
91,986
70,388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2,262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598
92,052
70,529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 106,960 107,521 107,593 107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569
Civilian labor force
64,163 64,726 64,675 64,586 64,816 64,695 64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.1
60.2
60.0
Percent of population
60.0
Employed
61,344 61,857 61,799 61,707 61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493
57.4
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.4
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.6
Employment-population ratio
57.4
825
900
852
864
879
809
849
843
870
818
841
839
Agriculture
820
Nonagricultural industries
60,524 61,016 60,920 60,843 60,994 61,113 61,168 61,119 61,269 61,202 61,468 61,557 61,654
2,779
2,850
2,970
2,740
2,700
2,876
2,712
2,812
2,879
2,876
2,685
2,869
Unemployed
2,819
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.4
Unemployment rate
4.4
Not in labor force
42,797 42,795 42,918 43,088 42,955 43,169 43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
99,181
60,118
60.6
57,776
58.3
767
57,009
2,342
3.9
39,063
99,686
60,691
60.9
58,373
58.6
802
57,571
2,318
3.8
38,995
99,746
60,591
60.7
58,261
58.4
822
57,439
2,330
3.8
39,155
99,833
60,554
60.7
58,216
58.3
821
57,395
2,338
3.9
39,279
99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666
60,765 60,708 60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154
60.7
60.9
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.8
60.7
60.6
58,336 58,483 58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958
58.5
58.6
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.4
58.4
58.6
58.5
803
780
851
820
800
798
791
768
778
57,533 57,663 57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167
2,341
2,429
2,256
2,225
2,214
2,155
2,230
2,375
2,196
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.0
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.6
39,158 39,300 39,143 39,351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39,512
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
15,868
8,383
52.8
7,213
45.5
220
6,993
15,909
8,339
52.4
7,081
44.5
191
6,890
1,258
15.1
7,570
15,939
8,435
52.9
7,241
45.4
275
6,966
1,194
14.2
7,504
15,988
8,316
52.0
7,132
44.6
230
6,902
1,184
14.2
7,672
16,011
8,329
52.0
7,156
44.7
233
6,923
1,173
14.1
7,682
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1,170
14.0
7,485
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
16,051
8,327
51.9
7,237
45.1
246
6,991
1,090
13.1
7,724
16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786
16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748
16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833
16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799
16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726
16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713
16,114
8,425
52.3
7,265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689
population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data
have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. S e e the
article in this issue for additional information.
12
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1998
Dec.
1999
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
172,197 172,394 172,491 172,597 172,730 172,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821
115,980 116,356 116,455 116,237 116,344 116,193 116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008
67.4
67.3
67.4
67.3
67.2
67.5
67.5
67.3
67.4
67.2
67.2
67.2
67.3
111,539 111,978 112,017 112,030 111,886 111,898 112,115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.7
64.9
64.9
64.8
65.0
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
65.0
4,458
4,299
4,311
4,438
4,207
4,441
4,106
4,295
4,378
4,403
4,192
4,092
4,057
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
59,716
77.3
57,811
74.8
1,905
3.2
59,651
77.4
57,811
75.0
1,840
3.1
59,731
77.4
57,769
74.9
1,962
3.3
59,675
77.3
57,935
75.0
1,740
2.9
59,651
77.2
57,834
74.9
1,817
3.0
59,502
77.0
57,635
74.5
1,867
3.1
59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2
59,799
77.2
57,955
74.8
1,844
3.1
59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2
59,841
77.1
58,102
74.9
1,739
2.9
59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9
59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8
59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8
1,668
2.8
49,223
59.8
47,561
57.8
1,662
3.4
49,683
60.1
48,037
58.1
1,646
3.3
49,655
60.0
48,030
58.1
1,625
3.3
49,567
59.9
47,941
57.9
1,626
3.3
49,674
60.0
47,885
57.8
1,789
3.6
49,625
59.9
48,004
57.9
1,621
3.3
49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1
1,683
3.4
49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9
1,652
3.3
49,713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1,573
3.2
49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2
49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530
3.1
49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0
1,541
3.1
50,011
60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0
7,041
56.0
6,167
49.1
874
12.4
13.8
10.9
7,022
55.6
6,130
48.6
892
12.7
13.8
11.5
7,069
55.9
6,218
49.2
851
12.0
12.6
11.4
6,995
55.3
6,154
48.7
841
12.0
12.8
11.2
7,019
55.4
6,167
48.7
852
12.1
12.6
11.6
7,066
55.7
6,259
49.3
807
11.4
12.2
10.6
6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0
7,041
55.3
6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1
6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0
7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9
7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7
7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2
7,108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9
24,561
16,155
65.8
14,894
60.6
1,261
7.8
24,665
16,337
66.2
15,056
61.0
1,281
7.8
24,697
16,250
65.8
14,924
60.4
1,326
8.2
24,729
16,231
65.6
14,925
60.4
1,306
8.0
24,765
16,288
65.8
15,011
60.6
1,277
7.8
24,798
16,290
65.7
15,053
60.7
1,237
7.6
24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6
24,867
16,366
65.8
14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6
24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8
24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3
24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3
25,019
16,508
66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0
25,051
16,513
65.9
15,204
60.7
1,309
7.9
7,060
72.0
6,598
67.3
462
6.5
7,208
73.3
6,769
68.8
439
6.1
7,137
72.4
6,662
67.6
475
6.7
7,073
71.7
6,647
67.4
426
6.0
7,118
72.0
6,670
67.5
448
6.3
7,182
72.6
6,710
67.8
472
6.6
7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4
7,122
71.7
6,610
66.6
512
7.2
7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3
7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1
7,281
72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7
7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0
7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0
8,052
65.5
7,495
61.0
557
6.9
8,110
65.6
7,563
61.2
547
6.7
8,112
65.6
7,542
61.0
570
7.0
8,151
65.8
7,573
61.1
578
7.1
8,223
66.3
7,657
61.7
566
6.9
8,178
65.8
7,647
61.6
531
6.5
8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7
8,311
66.7
7,670
61.6
641
7.7
8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9
8,316
66.5
7,759
62.1
557
6.7
8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1
8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6
8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1998
1999
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1,043
42.4
801
32.5
242
23.2
27.6
19.1
1,019
41.3
724
29.3
295
28.9
33.3
24.5
1,001
40.5
720
29.1
281
28.1
31.2
25.0
1,007
40.7
705
28.5
302
30.0
32.4
27.6
947
38.3
684
27.6
263
27.8
32.0
23.8
930
37.5
696
28.1
234
25.2
27.9
22.5
936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2
933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4
918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7
953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4
956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1
926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9
980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0
21,405
14,512
67.8
13,379
62.5
1,133
7.8
21,296
14,448
67.8
13,473
63.3
975
6.7
21,355
14,520
68.0
13,536
63.4
984
6.8
21,414
14,542
67.9
13,673
63.8
869
6.0
21,483
14,535
67.7
13,541
63.0
994
6.8
21,548
14,555
67.5
13,574
63.0
981
6.7
21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6
21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3
21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5
21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6
21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3
21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1
22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
14
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
Educational attainment
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,094 28,901 28,112 28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144
12,499 12,339 12,218 12,039 11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956
42.7
43.5
42.0
42.4
42.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
43.1
43.1
42.5
42.5
43.0
11,618 11,447 11,317 11,280 11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243
40.3
39.2
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.9
39.5
40.4
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.9
40.2
901
806
804
759
892
881
816
800
822
859
824
713
785
7.4
6.8
6.8
6.3
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.0
6.5
High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
57,115 57,477 57,062 57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590
37,279 37,441 37,274 37,687 37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362
65.3
65.2
65.1
64.5
64.5
64.7
65.3
64.7
64.8
64.6
64.7
65.2
64.9
35,891 36,112 35,962 36,368 36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071
62.9
62.8
63.0
62.2
62.0
62.4
62.8
62.5
62.3
62.4
62.6
62.6
63.1
1,319
1,329
1,312
1,343
1,420
1,335
1,388
1,314
1,297
1,309
1,206
1,291
1,226
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.5
Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
43,022 43,154 43,911 43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069
31,846 32,273 32,227 31,866 32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404
74.7
74.1
73.4
73.8
74.8
74.7
74.4
74.8
74.0
73.5
73.3
73.5
73.7
30,926 31,347 31,238 30,966 31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586
72.6
72.3
72.0
71.1
71.9
71.6
72.8
72.8
72.6
71.7
71.3
71.6
71.5
871
895
940
900
989
920
815
926
978
818
868
873
976
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.1
2.6
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.7
3.0
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
43,484 43,516 43,949 43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821
34,862 35,023 35,132 35,130 35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827 36,037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824
79.4
79.2
80.3
80.4
79.9
80.2
79.9
79.5
80.1
80.1
80.5
79.9
79.5
34,225 34,389 34,466 34,479 34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186
78.7
78.8
78.4
78.7
78.0
77.9
78.5
78.8
78.6
79.0
78.1
78.1
78.5
572
657
666
637
615
610
722
698
651
634
609
660
638
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1
used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised
based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue
for additional information.
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
2
3
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1999
1998
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
109,330 110,093 109,782 109,915 109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562
63,731 64,017 63,795 63,944 63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835 63,772 63,985 64,005 64,259 64,358
62,298 62,676 62,396 62,538 62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621 62,607 62,825 62,914
45,562 45,942 45,946 45,952 45,991 46,233 46,538 46,067 46,386 46,452 46,847 46,968 47,161
44,642 45,067 45,059 45,046 45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45,822 45,907 46,094
2,327
2,379
2,363
2,315
2,470
2,390
2,350
2,331
2,343
2,295
2,448
2,495
2,554
23,292
23,228
7,511
13,202
4,826
23,291
7,496
5,234
15,800
13,246
4,811
4,893
2,659
2,378
2,159
1,915
600
4,626
2,340
2,103
2,199
1,946
577
1,202
495
209
729
430
563
1,209
502
187
704
408
614
7,461
5,246
15,815
13,193
4,853
23,163
7,280
5,089
15,851
13,271
4,803
23,242
7,420
5,132
15,792
13,179
4,931
23,204
7,411
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
4,801
2,661
2,332
2,145
1,907
562
4,718
2,562
2,246
2,097
1,858
614
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,255
558
199
679
419
637
1,266
508
189
739
441
636
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,176
15,798
4,818
15,523
13,137
4,689
23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774
23,386
7,643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699
23,205
7,613
5,302
15,666
13,169
4,734
23,081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830
22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769
22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12,932
4,748
4,807
2,533
2,218
2,299
2,033
556
4,633
2,569
2,272
2,081
1,852
509
4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509
4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527
4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556
4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604
4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619
4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593
4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632
1,221
547
193
712
414
614
1,265
600
276
670
392
597
1,284
566
249
729
438
597
1,216
518
222
706
432
562
1,133
449
170
666
395
568
1,228
504
207
707
424
597
1,146
499
216
625
377
553
1,191
502
199
686
406
586
1,175
520
236
640
384
555
5,192
15,749
13,218
23,108
7,537
5,282
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
4.2
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.1
19.0
4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.0
20.7
4.3
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.1
20.5
4.0
3.5
3.3
4.6
4.1
19.8
4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
19.4
4.0
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
17.1
4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6
4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2
4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2
4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2
3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2
3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.1
7.0
3.7
4.1
3.1
11.6
5.2
6.5
3.6
4.5
3.2
11.7
4.9
6.3
3.9
4.4
3.2
10.2
5.0
6.3
3.5
4.3
3.0
11.3
5.0
6.8
3.6
4.3
3.0
11.3
5.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
2.9
11.0
5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3
4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5
4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8
5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2
4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3
4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9
4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
16
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998
1999
Category
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420
43,205 43,440 43,077 43,164 43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283
33,077 33,526 33,130 33,176 33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762
8,142
8,081
8,081
8,272
8,103
8,028
8,335
8,312
8,087
8,089
8,398
8,526
8,375
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
39,777
39,893
39,650
40,005
40,458
40,503
40,802
40,823
40,800
40,784
40,718
40,363
40,800
38,281
18,000
14,569
18,470
3,427
38,762
18,029
14,663
18,444
3,440
39,152
18,090
14,662
18,097
3,469
38,821
18,034
14,591
18,135
3,438
38,816
17,904
14,508
17,775
3,508
38,939
18,049
14,452
17,920
3,440
38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477
38,673
17,990
14,431
18,019
3,421
38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412
38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365
39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365
39,283
17,633
14,903
18,476
3,407
39,311
17,706
14,940
18,299
3,367
1,867
1,332
34
1,962
1,324
1,900
1,376
43
1,905
1,358
39
1,930
1,399
33
1,930
1,330
36
1,923
1,939
1,292
45
1,908
1,266
46
1,930
1,198
40
1,936
1,267
42
2,049
1,216
41
2,018
1,211
36
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
31
1,341
39
120,365 120,777 120,967 120,939 120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426
101,656 101,948 102,184 102,161 102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467
935
944
895
914
983
873
937
861
926
939
1,035
948
944
100,719 101,053 101,323 101,235 101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519
18,709 18,829 18,783 18,778 18,778 18,771 19,007 19,032 19,114 19,080 18,817 18,902 18,959
8,820
8,730
8,801
8,662
8,840
8,726
8,840
9,000
8,829
8,733
8,833
8,791
8,686
77
98
127
65
110
61
88
93
119
108
101
100
108
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
3,403
1,937
18,721
3,489
2,051
1,122
18,589
3,425
1,985
1,131
18,677
2,018
1,181
18,622
18,752
3,271
1,851
1,115
18,187
3,341
1,948
1,099
18,033
3,282
1,900
1,101
18,094
3,325
1,927
1,128
18,031
3,225
1,845
1,087
18,159
3,448
1,938
1,144
3,509
1,117
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as
3,399
1,950
1,116
18,692
3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716
3,229
3,209
1,902
1,031
18,106
1,845
1,089
18,138
18,983
3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230
3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801
3,179
1,928
993
18,799
3,274
1,930
1,032
18,651
3,320
1,951
1,025
18,618
3,142
1,850
1,034
18,466
3,127
1,813
1,041
18,652
3,112
1,806
1,063
18,273
2,983
1,807
964
18,249
3,105
1,815
1,013
18,083
3,157
1,843
1,018
18,061
3,316
1,974
1,050
holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998
1999
Age and sex
Dec.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420
19,939 20,028
19,935 20,078 20,068 20,106 20,226 20,188 20,334
19,856 20,012 20,030
19,865
7,237
7,156
7,132
7,241
7,106
7,081
7,213
7,219
7,223
7,242
7,077
7,114
7,265
2,809
2,802
2,782
2,809
2,745
2,754
2,837
2,845
2,797
2,834
2,765
2,776
2,803
4,466
4,338
4,358
4,392
4,369
4,335
4,385
4,361
4,421
4,411
4,309
4,325
4,461
12,954 13,029 12,984
12,898 12,783 12,791
12,829
12,652
12,859
12,775 12,771
12,965 13,069
112,642 113,391 112,981 113,001 113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280 113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075
95,798 96,538 96,056 95,937 95,951 96,007 96,158 95,995 96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729
17,106
17,142
17,036
17,306
17,261
16,970
16,892
17,379 17,377 17,255
16,870
17,252 17,406
71,173
71,368
71,230
71,269
71,208
71,207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927
10,341
3,645
1,424
2,226
6,696
60,826
51,468
9,386
10,288
3,597
1,415
2,195
6,691
61,058
51,701
9,367
10,401
3,703
1,436
2,237
6,698
60,829
51,406
9,437
10,406
3,641
1,409
2,239
6,765
60,885
51,420
9,474
10,221
3,646
1,411
2,231
6,575
60,980
51,430
9,526
10,382
3,737
1,454
2,324
6,645
60,872
51,347
9,465
10,323
3,685
1,437
2,263
6,638
61,001
51,416
9,559
10,415
3,734
1,471
2,251
6,681
61,012
51,463
9,574
10,427
3,668
1,441
2,213
6,759
61,061
51,423
9,619
10,540
3,687
1,421
2,247
6,853
61,083
51,431
9,649
10,521
3,725
1,462
2,267
6,796
61,073
51,523
9,542
10,508
3,695
1,439
2,234
6,813
61,202
51,673
9,574
10,570
3,730
1,445
2,278
6,840
61,349
51,732
9,649
61,344
61,857
61,799
61,707
61,846
61,983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62,020
62,317
62,366
62,493
9,568
3,484
1,339
2,140
6,084
52,333
44,837
7,503
9,611
3,538
1,373
2,155
6,073
52,152
44,650
7,533
9,624
3,491
1,373
2,119
6,133
52,116
44,517
7,562
9,718
3,510
1,391
2,107
6,208
52,161
44,521
7,616
9,646
3,500
1,355
2,142
6,146
52,342
44,660
7,641
9,612
3,421
1,308
2,106
6,191
52,435
44,742
7,702
9,663
3,485
1,374
2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732
9,641
3,446
1,335
2,112
6,195
52,434
44,697
7,760
9,566
3,390
1,344
2,062
6,176
52,456
44,769
7,728
9,705
3,517
1,372
2,144
6,188
52,593
44,913
7,713
9,680
3,528
1,358
2,187
6,152
52,695
44,962
7,678
9,764
3,535
1,358
2,183
6,229
52,726
44,997
7,757
9,524
3,568
1,413
2,159
5,956
51,816
44,330
7,506
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
May
through December 1999, See the article in this issue for additional information.
18
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999
1998
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6,028
6,007
6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688
2,158
1,170
567
609
988
3,860
3,320
511
2,239
1,258
599
643
981
3,767
3,278
503
2,262
1,194
526
654
1,068
3,830
3,336
503
2,218
1,184
553
632
1,034
3,626
3,133
497
2,211
1,173
557
612
1,038
3,822
3,286
507
2,130
1,090
540
563
1,040
3,686
3,225
474
2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534
2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521
2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475
2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461
2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472
2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459
2,209
1,160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477
3,209
3,138
3,232
2,949
3,062
3,111
3,084
3,061
3,063
3,013
3,057
2,996
3,003
1,227
693
336
353
534
1,985
1,676
292
1,232
707
339
365
525
1,910
1,644
271
1,197
648
274
361
549
2,010
1,714
286
1,165
643
294
350
522
1,780
1,520
256
1,195
632
316
321
563
1,871
1,597
265
1,184
603
310
301
581
1,924
1,665
273
1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270
1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298
1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284
1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292
1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278
1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252
1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246
2,819
2,869
2,876
2,879
2,970
2,712
2,850
2,876
2,779
2,812
2,700
2,740
2,685
931
477
231
256
454
1,875
1,644
219
1,007
551
260
278
456
1,857
1,634
232
1,065
546
252
293
519
1,820
1,622
217
1,053
541
259
282
512
1,846
1,613
241
1,016
541
241
291
475
1,951
1,689
242
946
487
230
262
459
1,762
1,560
201
960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264
973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223
991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191
1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169
1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194
1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207
957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999
1998
Age and sex
Dec.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
9.8
14.0
16.7
12.2
7.2
3.3
3.3
2.9
10.1
15.1
17.9
12.9
7.1
3.2
3.3
2.9
10.2
14.2
15.8
13.0
7.7
3.3
3.4
2.9
10.0
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.8
10.0
14.1
16.6
12.4
7.5
3.3
3.3
2.9
9.6
13.1
16.1
11.2
7.5
3.2
3.2
2.7
9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0
9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9
9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7
10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6
10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7
10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6
9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
10.6
16.0
19.1
13.7
7.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
10.7
16.4
19.3
14.3
7.3
3.0
3.1
2.8
10.3
14.9
16.0
13.9
7.6
3.2
3.2
2.9
10.1
15.0
17.3
13.5
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.6
10.5
14.8
18.3
12.6
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.7
10.2
13.9
17.6
11.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.8
10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7
10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9
9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9
10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8
10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6
10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
8.9
11.8
14.1
10.6
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8
9.5
13.7
16.3
11.5
7.0
3.4
3.5
3.0
10.0
13.4
15.5
12.0
7.9
3.4
3.5
2.8
9.9
13.4
15.9
11.7
7.7
3.4
3.5
3.1
9.5
13.4
14.8
12.1
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.1
8.9
12.2
14.5
10.9
6.9
3.3
3.4
2.6
9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3
9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8
9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4
10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1
9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5
9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6
8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
May
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
20
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999
1998
Category
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
4.4
3.6
3.9
14.0
4.3
3.5
3.8
15.1
4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2
4.2
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
4.1
3.3
3.6
4.1
3.3
14.2
4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
14.0
13.8
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
3.8
7.0
7.8
7.8
3.8
6.9
7.8
6.7
3.8
7.3
8.2
6.8
3.6
7.2
8.0
6.0
3.8
7.0
7.8
6.8
3.7
6.8
7.6
6.7
3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6
3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3
3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5
3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6
3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3
3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1
3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
2.3
2.8
6.3
2.3
2.8
6.3
2.4
2.8
6.5
2.1
2.7
6.6
2.3
2.9
7.1
2.3
2.6
6.0
2.2
2.7
6.5
2.3
2.8
6.4
2.3
2.7
6.3
2.2
2.6
6.4
2.2
2.5
6.0
2.1
2.5
6.0
2.2
2.5
6.2
1.8
3.7
3.3
6.6
7.6
1.9
3.7
3.6
6.0
7.5
1.9
3.9
4.3
6.1
7.6
1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
6.9
1.9
3.8
3.8
6.5
7.1
2.0
3.4
4.0
6.4
7.6
2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1
1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5
1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4
1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3
1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8
1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7
1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8
4.4
4.5
5.6
6.1
3.9
3.4
4.8
4.4
3.1
5.5
2.8
4.1
2.1
9.1
4.3
4.6
6.3
7.3
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.2
2.6
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.2
9.1
4.4
4.7
7.1
7.4
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.2
3.1
5.2
2.4
4.1
2.3
10.8
4.3
4.4
5.5
7.0
3.5
3.1
4.2
4.2
2.9
5.4
2.0
4.2
2.1
9.4
4.4
4.5
8.4
7.3
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.4
9.5
4.3
4.5
5.9
7.2
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.2
4.0
2.5
10.1
4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3
4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0
4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6
4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7
4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7
4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3
4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
3.6
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1999
Reason
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
2,708
863
1,845
729
2,009
519
2,721
854
1,867
750
2,090
498
2,646
833
1,813
774
2,007
446
2,695
843
1,852
810
2,039
473
2,678
837
1,841
781
2,034
440
2,670
876
1,794
831
2,038
359
2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459
2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481
2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504
2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511
2,493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485
2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 2,795
865
On temporary layoff
1,930
Not on temporary layoff
719
Job leavers
1,994
Reentrants
503
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
46.5
14.4
32.1
12.0
33.2
8.4
45.4
14.5
30.9
12.2
33.7
8.7
44.9
14.1
30.8
12.4
34.5
8.2
45.1
14.2
30.9
13.2
34.2
7.6
44.8
14.0
30.8
13.5
33.9
7.9
45.1
14.1
31.0
13.2
34.3
7.4
45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1
45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8
45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2
44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7
43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9
43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5
42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9
2.0
.5
1.4
.4
1.9
.5
1.4
.4
2.0
.5
1.5
.4
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
1.9
.6
1.5
.3
1.9
.6
1.5
.3
1.9
.6
1.5
.3
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
1.8
.5
1.4
.4
1.8
.6
1.4
.4
1.8
.6
1.4
.3
1.7
.6
1.5
.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
Duration
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
2,573
1,884
1,572
759
813
2,397
2,012
1,491
776
715
2,585
1,925
1,539
754
785
2,521
1,884
1,467
752
715
2,741
1,868
1,474
794
680
2,502
1,832
1,519
784
735
2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828
2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732
2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716
2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704
2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715
2,601
1,760
1,401
725
676
2,620
1,694
1,388
693
695
14.0
6.8
13.5
6.8
13.8
6.9
13.6
6.8
13.2
6.1
13.4
6.6
14.3
6.3
13.5
5.8
13.2
6.4
13.0
5.9
13.2
6.3
13.0
6.2
12.8
5.9
100.0
42.7
31.2
26.1
12.6
13.5
100.0
40.6
34.1
25.3
13.2
12.1
100.0
42.7
31.8
25.4
12.5
13.0
100.0
42.9
32.1
25.0
12.8
12.2
100.0
45.1
30.7
24.2
13.1
11.2
100.0
42.7
31.3
26.0
13.4
12.6
100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9
100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3
100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2
100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1
100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3
100.0
45.1
30.5
24.3
12.6
11.7
100.0
45.9
29.7
24.3
12.2
12.2
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
22
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Not
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
208,832
16,114
8,101
8,013
18,093
118,734
37,816
18,297
19,519
44,615
22,301
22,314
36,303
19,645
16,657
23,353
12,961
10,392
32,538
9,227
8,478
14,833
139,941
8,056
3,160
4,896
13,992
99,888
31,911
15,357
16,554
37,877
18,801
19,076
30,100
16,598
13,502
13,918
9,050
4,867
4,087
2,176
1,117
794
67.0
50.0
39.0
61.1
77.3
84.1
84.4
83.9
84.8
84.9
84.3
85.5
82.9
84.5
81.1
59.6
69.8
46.8
12.6
23.6
13.2
5.4
134,696
7,081
2,706
4,374
13,056
96,991
30,815
14,784
16,031
36,855
18,244
18,611
29,320
16,161
13,159
13,585
8,847
4,738
3,984
2,105
1,101
778
64.5
43.9
33.4
54.6
72.2
81.7
81.5
80.8
82.1
82.6
81.8
83.4
80.8
82.3
79.0
58.2
68.3
45.6
12.2
22.8
13.0
5.2
2,979
193
90
103
266
1,838
546
259
287
745
388
358
547
300
247
427
217
210
257
104
74
78
131,717
6,888
2,617
4,271
12,791
95,153
30,269
14,525
15,744
36,110
17,856
18,254
28,774
15,862
12,912
13,158
8,631
4,527
3,727
2,000
1,027
700
5,245
975
453
522
936
2,897
1,096
573
523
1,022
557
465
780
437
343
333
203
130
103
71
16
16
3.7
12.1
14.3
10.7
6.7
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.2
2.7
3.0
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.7
2.5
3.3
1.4
2.0
68,891
8,059
4,942
3,117
4,101
18,846
5,905
2,940
2,965
6,738
3,500
3.238
6,202
3,047
3,155
9,436
3,910
5,525
28,451
7,052
7,361
14,039
100,264
8,212
4,174
4,038
8,986
58,074
18,486
8,938
9,549
21,920
10,979
10,941
17,668
9,575
8,093
11,178
6,240
4,939
13,814
4,283
3,738
5,793
74,631
4,172
1,627
2,545
7,393
53,150
17,088
8,156
8,932
20,330
10,242
10,088
15,732
8,615
7,117
7,544
4,812
2,732
2,373
1,245
638
490
74.4
50.8
39.0
63.0
82.3
91.5
92.4
91.3
93.5
92.7
93.3
92.2
89.0
90.0
87.9
67.5
77.1
55.3
17.2
29.1
17.1
8.5
71,699
3,575
1,360
2,215
6,821
51,626
16,561
7,870
8,691
19,791
9,964
9,828
15,274
8,360
6,914
7,367
4,728
2,639
2,310
1,197
630
482
71.5
43.5
32.6
54.9
75.9
88.9
89.6
88.1
91.0
90.3
90.8
89.8
86.5
87.3
85.4
65.9
75.8
53.4
16.7
28.0
16.9
8.3
2,208
161
72
89
203
1,345
407
198
210
571
305
266
367
205
161
295
152
144
204
89
62
52
69,492
3,414
1,288
2,126
6,618
50,281
16,154
7,672
8,482
19,220
9,659
9,562
14,907
8,154
6,753
7,072
4,576
2,495
2,106
1,108
568
430
2,932
597
267
330
571
1,523
527
286
241
538
278
260
458
255
203
177
84
93
63
48
7
8
3.9
14.3
16.4
13.0
7.7
2.9
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.4
1.8
3.4
2.7
3.8
1.1
1.6
25,632
4.040
2.547
1.493
1.593
4,924
1,398
781
617
1.590
737
853
1,936
960
976
3,634
1,427
2,207
11,441
3,038
3,101
5,303
108,569
7,903
3,927
3,975
9,107
60,660
19,329
9,359
9,970
22,695
11,323
11,373
18,635
10,071
8,564
12,175
6,721
5,454
18,724
4,944
4,740
9,040
65,309
3,884
1,533
2,351
6,600
46,738
14,823
7,201
7,622
17,547
8,560
8,988
14,368
7,983
6,385
6,373
4,238
2,135
1,714
930
480
304
60.2
49.1
39.0
59.1
72.5
77.1
76.7
76.9
76.4
77.3
75.6
79.0
77.1
79.3
74.6
52.3
63.1
39.2
9.2
18.8
10.1
3.4
62,997
3,506
1,346
2,159
6,235
45,364
14,254
6,914
7,340
17,064
8,281
8,783
14,046
7,802
6,245
6,218
4,119
2,099
1,674
907
471
295
58.0
44.4
34.3
54.3
68.5
74.8
73.7
73.9
73.6
75.2
73.1
77.2
75.4
77.5
72.9
51.1
61.3
38.5
8.9
18.4
9.9
3.3
772
32
18
14
63
493
139
61
78
174
83
92
180
95
85
131
65
66
53
15
12
26
62,225
3,474
1.328
2,145
6,172
44,872
14,116
6,853
7,263
16,890
8,198
8,692
13,867
7,707
6,159
6,087
4,054
2,032
1,621
892
459
270
2,313
378
186
192
365
1,374
568
287
282
483
279
204
322
182
140
156
119
37
40
23
9
8
3.5
9.7
12.2
8.2
5.5
2.9
3.8
4.0
3.7
2.8
3.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.8
1.7
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.7
43,259
4,019
2,395
1,624
2,508
13,921
4,506
2,158
2,348
5,148
2,763
2,385
4,267
2,087
2,179
5,802
2,483
3,318
17,010
4,014
4,260
8,736
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
173,821
12,739
6,360
6,379
14,524
97,556
30,234
14,512
15,723
36,775
18,317
18,458
30,547
16,385
14,162
20,095
11,141
8,954
28,907
7,982
7,530
13,396
116,896
6,776
2,715
4,061
11,520
82,901
25,780
12,373
13,407
31,455
15,545
15,911
25,665
14,046
11,620
12,051
7,806
4,245
3,648
1,906
1,018
724
67.3
53.2
42.7
63.7
79.3
85.0
85.3
85.3
85.3
85.5
84.9
86.2
84.0
85.7
82.0
60.0
70.1
47.4
12.6
23.9
13.5
5.4
113,116
6,046
2,361
3,685
10.869
80,850
25,079
12,011
13.068
30,707
15,151
15,556
25,064
13,718
11,346
11,783
7,647
4,137
3,567
1,853
1,004
711
65.1
47.5
37.1
57.8
74.8
82.9
82.9
82.8
83.1
83.5
82.7
84.3
82.1
83.7
80.1
58.6
68.6
46.2
12.3
23.2
13.3
5.3
2.819
190
89
101
259
1,725
514
242
272
710
372
338
500
280
220
403
205
198
241
97
73
71
110,297
5,856
2,272
3,584
10,610
79,124
24,565
11,769
12,795
29,996
14,779
15,218
24,563
13,437
11,126
11,381
7,442
3,939
3,326
1,755
931
640
3,781
730
354
376
651
2,051
701
362
339
749
394
355
602
328
273
267
159
108
81
53
14
14
3.2
10.8
13.1
9.3
5.7
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.8
1.4
1.9
56,925
5,962
3,644
2,318
3,003
14,655
4,454
2,139
2,316
5,319
2,772
2,548
4,882
2,339
2,543
8,045
3,335
4,710
25,259
6,076
6,512
12,671
84,314
6,513
3,275
3,238
7,312
48,443
15,009
7,188
7,821
18,349
9,137
9,212
15,085
8,125
6,960
9,695
5,412
4,283
12,351
3,734
3,367
5,249
63,361
3,518
1,409
2,109
6,187
44,903
14,086
6,701
7,385
17,197
8,600
8,597
13,619
7,441
6,178
6,611
4,186
2,425
2,142
1,100
590
451
75.1
54.0
43.0
65.1
84.6
92.7
93.8
93.2
94.4
93.7
94.1
93.3
90.3
91.6
88.8
68.2
77.3
56.6
17.3
29.5
17.5
8.6
61,208
3,068
1,197
1,871
5,785
43,796
13,733
6,513
7,221
16,809
8,411
8,399
13,253
7,232
6,021
6,469
4,121
2,348
2,090
1,063
584
443
72.6
47.1
36.5
57.8
79.1
90.4
91.5
90.6
92.3
91.6
92.1
91.2
87.9
89.0
86.5
66.7
76.2
54.8
16.9
28.5
17.3
8.4
2,082
158
71
87
199
1,256
378
181
197
543
289
254
335
189
146
277
143
134
192
83
61
49
59,126
2,910
1,126
1,785
5,586
42,540
13,355
6,332
7,024
16,266
8,122
8,144
12,918
7,043
5,875
6,193
3,978
2,215
1,897
980
522
395
2,153
450
212
237
402
1,107
353
188
165
388
189
199
366
209
157
142
65
77
52
37
7
8
3.4
12.8
15.1
11.3
6.5
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.5
2.1
1.5
3.2
2.4
3.4
1.1
1.8
20,953
2,995
1,866
1,129
1,124
3,541
923
487
436
1,152
537
615
1,466
684
781
3,084
1,226
1,858
10,209
2,634
2,777
4,798
89,507
6,226
3,084
3,141
7,212
49,113
15,225
7,324
7,901
18,426
9,180
9,246
15,462
8,260
7,203
10,401
5,729
4,671
16,556
4,247
4,162
8,146
53,535
3,258
1,306
1,952
5,333
37,998
11,694
5,672
6,021
14,258
6,945
7,313
12,046
6,605
5,441
5,439
3,620
1,819
1,507
806
428
273
59.8
52.3
42.4
62.1
73.9
77.4
76.8
77.5
76.2
77.4
75.7
79.1
77.9
80.0
75.5
52.3
63.2
38.9
9.1
19.0
10.3
3.4
51,908
2,978
1,164
1,814
5,084
37,054
11,346
5,499
5,847
13,897
6,740
7,157
11,811
6,486
5,325
5,314
3,526
1,788
1,478
790
420
268
58.0
47.8
37.7
57.7
70.5
75.4
74.5
75.1
74.0
75.4
73.4
77.4
76.4
78.5
73.9
51.1
61.5
38.3
8.9
18.6
10.1
3.3
736
32
18
14
60
469
136
61
75
167
83
84
166
92
74
126
62
64
49
15
11
23
51,171
2,946
1,146
1,799
5,024
36,585
11,209
5,437
5,772
13,731
6,657
7,073
11,645
6,394
5,251
5,188
3,464
1,724
1,429
775
409
245
1,628
281
142
138
249
944
348
174
174
361
205
156
235
119
116
125
94
31
29
16
7
6
3.0
8.6
10.9
7.1
4.7
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.5
2.9
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.8
2.1
35.972
2,967
1,778
1,189
1,879
11,115
3,531
1,651
1,880
4,168
2,235
1,932
3,416
1,655
1,761
4,961
2,109
2,852
15.050
3,441
3,735
7,873
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
24
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutionai
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Not
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
labor
force
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
25,051
2,480
1,254
1,226
2,645
14,836
5,176
2,553
2,623
5,647
2,878
2,770
4,013
2,317
1,696
2,339
1,303
1,036
2,751
924
751
1,075
16,488
938
295
11,237
1,218
7,729
473
630
149
323
880
5.647
643
1,870
12.085
4.313
2,071
2,241
4,661
2,379
2,282
3,111
1,806
1,305
1.276
871
405
319
213
64
43
65.8
37.8
23.5
52.5
70.7
81.5
83.3
81.1
85.4
82.5
82.7
82.4
77.5
77.9
76.9
54.6
66.8
39.1
11.6
23.0
8.5
4.0
15.302
737
221
516
1.615
11,417
68.8
38.8
23.7
54.9
72.6
84.2
85.3
82.3
88.1
86.2
87.6
84.8
79.9
78.7
81.7
56.7
72.0
38.6
14.3
28.7
6.5
4.4
7,112
354
106
248
735
5,326
1.838
851
63.4
36.9
23.3
50.2
69.1
79.2
81.7
80.2
83.3
79.4
78.6
80.3
75.5
77.3
73.1
53.0
63.1
39.6
9.8
18.3
9.7
3.7
8,190
384
3,999
1,903
2,096
4,436
2,251
2,185
2,982
1,717
1,265
1,230
837
393
302
200
62
40
15.204
735
61.1
29.7
17.7
42.1
61.1
77.0
77.3
74.6
79.9
78.6
78.2
78.9
74.3
74.1
74.6
52.6
64.2
37.9
11.0
21.7
8.3
3.7
98
2
2
7
68
20
12
9
18
8
10
29
16
13
14
6
8
8
6
514
1.609
11.350
63.3
29.0
16.8
42.1
60.7
79.4
79.5
75.5
83.2
81.5
82.7
80.2
76.4
74.9
78.5
54.2
69.4
36.3
13.5
26.6
6.5
4.4
76
2
59.3
30.4
18.5
42.0
61.4
74.9
75.5
73.8
77.1
76.1
74.5
77.7
72.6
73.5
71.5
51.3
60.5
39.2
9.4
17.5
9.3
3.3
23
221
3,979
1.892
2.087
4,418
2,244
2,174
1,186
201
74
128
255
667
314
168
146
225
1.252
1.215
831
384
128
97
128
88
40
46
34
12
295
17
194
62
38
13
1
3
7,036
352
106
246
618
119
44
75
2,953
1.701
7.2
21.4
24.9
19.8
13.6
5.5
7.3
8.1
6.5
4.8
5.4
4.3
4.1
4.9
3.0
3.6
3.9
3.1
5.2
5.9
\
8,562
1,542
959
583
775
2,751
863
481
382
986
498
488
902
511
391
1,063
432
631
2,431
712
687
1.033
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
589
1,212
6,706
2,313
1,126
1,186
2,585
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1,310
1,275
1,972
928
1.045
2,228
1,147
1,081
1,809
1,446
1,050
759
1,015
550
465
826
620
575
396
179
1,086
156
121
18
421
276
390
17
987
2,106
1.084
1,023
1,382
786
596
550
382
169
147
112
18
17
2
4
51
18
12
6
13
8
5
20
14
13
11
3
8
8
6
731
5,275
1,820
839
981
2,093
1,076
1.017
1.362
772
590
539
379
161
139
106
18
15
145
321
135
77
58
122
63
59
64
39
25
25
14
11
9
9
8.0
25.2
29.2
23.3
16.5
5.7
6.8
8.3
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.4
4.4
4.8
4.0
4.3
3.5
5.9
5.6
7.3
!
3.507
746
480
265
332
1,059
340
199
141,
356
163
194
363
224
139
440
154
286
931
300
258
373
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
13,814
1,262
624
25 to 34 years
2.863
8,759
466
146
320
991
6,438
2,340
25 to 29 years
1.426
1,144
30 to 34 years
1,437
3,063
1,568
1.197
2.433
1,495
2,204
1.267
937
1,324
753
571
1,201
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
638
1,433
8.130
1.664
504
475
685
1,232
1,665
980
685
701
475
226
164
92
46
26
116
268
880
6.092
2,161
1,052
1.109
2.330
1.168
1,162
1,600
931
670
679
455
224
156
88
44
23
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999. data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
25
3
17
2
8.168
384
116
268
878
6.075
2.159
1.052
2
5
1.106
2.325
1.168
5
9
2
7
3
3
1,157
1,591
929
663
676
452
224
156
88
44
23
569
82
30
52
110
346
179
91
88
103
64
38
64
49
15
22
20
2
8
4
1
3
6.5
17.6
20.5
16.3
11.1
5.4
7.7
8.0
7.4
4.2
5.2
3.2
3.9
5.0
2.2
3.1
4.2
.9
4.8
4.2
( 1M
( )
5,055
797
479
318
443
1,692
523
283
240
630
336
294
539
287
252
623
278
345
1,501
412
429
660
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
206,270
138,297
67.0
132,732
2,953
129,779
5,565
4.0
67,973
208,832
139,941
67.0
134,696
2,979
131,717
5,245
3.7
68,891
91,220
69,949
76.7
67,439
2,076
65,363
2,510
3.6
21,272
92,052
70,460
76.5
68,125
2,047
66,077
2,335
3.3
21,592
99,181
60,337
60.8
58,273
717
57,556
2,065
3.4
38,844
100,666
61,426
61.0
59,491
740
58,751
1,935
3.1
39,240
15,868
8,011
50.5
7,020
161
6,860
990
12.4
7,858
16,114
8,056
50.0
7,081
193
6,888
975
12.1
8,059
172,197
115,796
67.2
111,647
2,784
108,863
4,149
3.6
56,401
173,821
116,896
67.3
113,116
2,819
110,297
3,781
3.2
56,925
77,300
59,662
77.2
57,725
1,953
55,772
1,937
3.2
17,638
77,801
59,843
76.9
58,140
1,924
56,216
1,703
2.8
17,958
82,329
49,429
60.0
47,960
676
47,284
1,469
3.0
32,900
83,282
50,277
60.4
48,930
704
48,226
1,347
2.7
33,005
12,568
6,705
53.4
5,962
156
5,807
743
11.1
5,863
12,739
6,776
53.2
6,046
190
5,856
730
10.8
5,962
24,561
16,136
65.7
14,993
117
14,876
1,143
7.1
8,425
25,051
16,488
65.8
15,302
98
15,204
1,186
7.2
8,562
9,808
7,047
71.9
6,592
85
6,507
455
6.5
2,761
10,018
7,257
72.4
6,758
74
6,684
499
6.9
2,762
12,291
8,089
65.8
7,600
29
7,571
490
6.1
4,201
12,552
8,293
66.1
7,807
23
7,784
486
5.9
4,259
2,462
999
40.6
801
4
798
198
19.8
1,462
2,480
938
37.8
737
2
735
201
21.4
1,542
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.
26
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years
18,631
12,617
6.014
9,227
5,484
3,743
49.5
43.5
62.2
8,527
4,907
3,620
1,717
542
1,174
6,810
4,365
2,445
700
577
123
183
124
59
517
452
65
7.6
10.5
3.3
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
9,436
9,195
7,859
1,336
3,750
5,477
4,283
1,195
39.7
59.6
54.5
89.4
3,280
5,247
4,109
1,138
219
1,498
791
707
3,061
3,749
3,318
431
470
230
174
56
83
100
51
49
387
130
123
7
12.5
4.2
4.1
4.7
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,267
6,381
2,886
4,482
2,717
1,765
48.4
42.6
61.1
4,080
2,383
1,697
864
269
595
3,216
2,114
1,102
401
334
68
90
64
26
311
269
42
9.0
12.3
3.8
4,949
4,319
3,796
522
1,967
2,514
2,038
476
39.8
58.2
53.7
91.1
1,683
2,397
1,940
457
125
739
427
312
1,558
1,658
1,514
145
284
117
98
19
48
42
23
18
236
75
74
1
14.4
4.7
4.8
4.0
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,363
6,236
3,127
4,746
2,767
1,978
50.7
44.4
63.3
4,447
2,524
1,922
852
273
579
3,594
2,251
1,343
299
243
56
93
60
33
206
183
23
6.3
8.8
2.8
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4,487
4,876
4,063
814
1,782
2,963
2,245
718
39.7
60.8
55.2
88.3
1,597
2,850
2,169
681
94
759
364
394
1,503
2,091
1,804
287
186
113
76
37
35
58
28
31
151
55
48
7
10.4
3.8
3.4
5.2
14,730
9,950
4,781
7,815
3,117
53.1
47.2
65.2
7,295
4,263
3,032
1,470
478
993
5,824
3,785
2,039
520
435
85
128
94
35
392
342
50
6.7
9.3
2.7
Men
Women
7,364
7,366
3,811
4,004
51.8
54.4
3,512
3,783
745
726
2,767
3,057
299
221
70
58
228
163
7.8
5.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
7,304
7,427
6,303
1,124
3,181
4,634
3,619
1,015
43.6
62.4
57.4
90.3
2,829
4,465
3,486
979
183
1,287
669
618
2,646
3,178
2,817
361
351
169
133
36
59
70
40
29
293
99
93
7
11.0
3.6
3.7
3.5
2,693
1,913
781
960
540
420
35.7
28.2
53.8
810
426
384
183
52
131
627
374
253
150
114
36
51
28
24
87
12
15.7
21.1
8.6
Men
Women
1,269
1,424
438
522
34.5
36.7
349
461
82
102
267
360
90
61
19
33
71
28
20.4
11.6
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,578
1,115
961
154
408
552
424
128
25.9
49.5
44.2
82.8
316
494
386
108
35
149
92
57
281
345
295
51
92
58
38
20
21
31
11
20
72
27
27
22.6
10.5
9.0
15.5
2,084
1,569
514
917
556
361
44.0
35.4
70.2
812
468
344
274
106
168
538
362
175
105
88
17
35
25
10
70
63
7
11.5
15.8
4.8
Men
Women
1,038
1,046
460
457
44.4
43.7
408
404
168
106
240
298
53
53
18
17
34
35
11.4
11.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,321
763
550
213
414
503
326
177
31.3
65.9
59.4
82.9
335
476
307
169
64
210
101
109
271
266
206
60
78
27
19
7
24
12
7
5
54
15
12
3
18.9
5.3
5.9
4.2
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,576
3,497
12,079
12,821
2,571
10,249
82.3
73.5
84.9
11,610
2,173
9,437
9,879
1,652
8,227
1,731
521
1,210
1,211
398
813
1,130
364
766
81
34
47
9.4
15.5
7.9
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,906
6,818
3,359
1,493
2,614
5,786
3,003
1,418
66.9
84.9
89.4
94.9
2,174
5,241
2,823
1,371
1,701
4,444
2,458
1,276
474
797
365
95
440
544
180
47
411
507
168
43
28
37
12
4
16.8
9.4
6.0
3.3
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
7,930
1,831
6,099
7,083
1,455
5,628
89.3
79.5
92.3
6,316
1,192
5,124
5,646
969
4,676
670
222
448
767
263
504
731
248
483
37
16
21
10.8
18.1
9.0
2,147
3,642
1,717
3,321
1,450
2,962
1,297
606
1,239
2,650
1,184
572
211
312
113
34
267
359
116
25
260
339
111
21
7
20
6
4
15.6
10.8
8.2
3.9
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,496
645
1,414
631
80.0
91.2
94.5
97.8
7,647
1,666
5,980
5,738
1,116
4,622
75.0
67.0
77.3
5,294
981
4,313
4,233
683
3,550
1,061
299
762
444
135
309
399
116
283
45
19
26
7.7
12.1
6.7
1,759
1,863
848
897
2,464
1,590
787
51.0
77.6
85.3
92.8
724
2,279
1,526
765
461
1,794
1,274
703
263
485
252
62
173
185
64
22
152
168
57
22
21
17
7
19.2
7.5
4.0
2.8
12,532
2,789
9,743
10,482
2.078
8.404
83.6
74.5
86.3
9,621
1.783
7,837
8,210
1,361
6,849
1,411
422
989
861
295
566
806
272
533
56
23
33
8.2
14.2
6.7
Men
Women
6,461
6,071
5,894
4,588
91.2
75.6
5,341
4,280
4,819
3,390
522
889
553
308
537
268
16
40
9.4
6.7
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,114
5,464
2,715
1,240
2,175
4,676
2,447
1,184
69.9
85.6
90.2
95.5
1,858
4,286
2,333
1,144
1,463
3,674
2,009
1,064
395
612
324
80
317
390
114
40
301
357
108
40
17
32
7
14.6
8.3
4.7
3.4
2,432
568
1.864
1,848
398
1,450
76.0
70.1
77.8
1,542
311
1,231
1,287
226
1,062
255
85
170
306
87
219
288
76
212
18
11
7
16.5
21.9
15.1
1.161
1,271
914
934
78.8
73.5
740
802
628
659
111
144
174
132
161
127
13
4
19.1
14.1
671
364
927
446
112
54.2
82.2
86.9
92.6
257
788
389
109
194
628
363
102
63
160
26
7
107
139
57
3
96
135
55
3
11
4
2
29.4
15.0
12.9
2.7
2,180
2,222
495
1,727
75.5
64.9
79.2
1,984
402
1.583
1,705
322
1,384
279
80
199
238
93
145
216
87
129
22
7
16
10.7
18.8
8.4
Men
Women
1,623
1,320
1,419
803
87.4
60.9
1,247
737
1,138
567
109
170
172
67
166
50
6
16
12.1
8.3
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,411
1,124
351
932
931
311
48
66.1
82.9
88.6
813
820
304
48
682
703
275
45
131
117
29
2
119
112
7
114
94
7
5
18
12.8
12.0
2.4
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,176
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,127
513
121
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
2,943
763
56
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
28
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Educational attainment
Women
Men
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
174,625
117,893
67.5
114,559
65.6
3,333
2.8
82,331
62,755
76.2
60,769
73.8
1,986
3.2
83,066
63,067
75.9
61,303
73.8
1,764
2.8
90,383
54,017
59.8
52,309
57.9
1,708
3.2
91,559
54,826
59.9
53,256
58.2
1,570
2.9
145,386
97,970
67.4
95,158
65.5
2,812
2.9
146,559
98,600
67.3
96,200
65.6
2,399
2.4
19,529
13,350
68.4
12,654
64.8
697
5.2
19,925
13,680
68.7
12,950
65.0
730
5.3
16,369
11,408
69.7
10,695
65.3
713
6.2
16,981
11,825
69.6
11,316
66.6
509
4.3
29,094
12,509
43.0
11,609
39.9
900
7.2
28,144
11,963
42.5
11,236
39.9
727
6.1
13,670
7,451
54.5
6,949
50.8
501
6.7
13,186
7,103
53.9
6,755
51.2
348
4.9
15,424
5,058
32.8
4,660
30.2
398
7.9
14,958
4,861
32.5
4,481
30.0
380
7.8
23,418
10,105
43.1
9,423
40.2
681
6.7
22,632
9,662
42.7
9,160
40.5
502
5.2
4,454
1,813
40.7
1,635
36.7
178
9.8
4,223
1,686
39.9
1,514
35.9
172
10.2
7,177
4,185
58.3
3,822
53.3
364
8.7
7,417
4,369
58.9
4,091
55.2
278
6.4
57,115
37,442
65.6
36,066
63.1
1,376
3.7
57,590
37,534
65.2
36,248
62.9
1,286
3.4
26,073
19,932
76.4
19,188
73.6
744
3.7
26,376
20,005
75.8
19,322
73.3
683
3.4
31,042
17,510
56.4
16,878
54.4
632
3.6
31,215
17,528
56.2
16,926
54.2
603
3.4
48,292
31,349
64.9
30,340
62.8
1,009
3.2
48,688
31,366
64.4
30,460
62.6
906
2.9
6,892
4,844
70.3
4,557
66.1
286
5.9
6,869
4,813
70.1
4,495
65.4
318
6.6
4,472
3,383
75.7
3,195
71.4
189
5.6
4,729
3,517
74.4
3,382
71.5
135
3.8
43,022
31,933
74.2
31,080
72.2
853
2.7
44,069
32,544
73.8
31,788
72.1
756
2.3
19,908
16,087
80.8
15,648
78.6
439
2.7
20,134
16,144
80.2
15,762
78.3
383
2.4
23,114
15,846
68.6
15,432
66.8
414
2.6
23,934
16,399
68.5
16,026
67.0
373
2.3
36,269
26,625
73.4
25,986
71.6
639
2.4
36,813
26,982
73.3
26,436
71.8
547
2.0
5,133
4,106
80.0
3,925
76.5
181
4.4
5,562
4,377
78.7
4,205
75.6
172
3.9
2,919
2,347
80.4
2,235
76.6
112
4.8
3,067
2,470
80.5
2,404
78.4
66
2.7
29,850
21,459
71.9
20,860
69.9
599
2.8
30,520
22,002
72.1
21,502
70.5
500
2.3
14,098
11,141
79.0
10,840
76.9
302
2.7
14,394
11,344
78.8
11,087
77.0
257
2.3
15,751
10,318
65.5
10,021
63.6
297
2.9
16,126
10,659
66.1
10,415
64.6
244
2.3
25,030
17,716
70.8
17,274
69.0
442
2.5
25,364
18,075
71.3
17,702
69.8
373
2.1
3,750
2,951
78.7
2,816
75.1
135
4.6
3,985
3,119
78.3
3,012
75.6
107
3.4
2,136
1,699
79.5
1,622
75.9
77
4.5
2,246
1,806
80.4
1,749
77.9
57
3.2
13,173
10,473
79.5
10,220
77.6
253
2.4
13,549
10,541
77.8
10,286
75.9
255
2.4
5,810
4,945
85.1
4,808
82.8
137
2.8
5,741
4,800
83.6
4,675
81.4
126
2.6
7,363
5,528
75.1
5,411
73.5
116
2.1
7,809
5,741
73.5
5,611
71.9
130
2.3
11,239
8,909
79.3
8,712
77.5
197
2.2
11,449
8,907
77.8
8,734
76.3
174
1.9
1,384
1,155
83.5
1,110
80.2
46
4.0
1,576
1,259
79.8
1,193
75.7
65
5.2
783
649
82.8
613
78.3
36
5.5
821
664
80.9
655
79.8
9
1.4
43,484
34,889
80.2
34,323
78.9
566
1.6
44,821
35,852
80.0
35,287
78.7
565
1.6
22,681
19,285
85.0
18,984
83.7
302
1.6
23,370
19,815
84.8
19,464
83.3
351
1.8
20,803
15,603
75.0
15,339
73.7
264
1.7
21,451
16,037
74.8
15,823
73.8
214
1.3
37,407
29,892
79.9
29,410
78.6
482
1.6
38,425
30,590
79.6
30,145
78.5
445
1.5
3,050
2,588
84.9
2,537
83.2
51
2.0
3,272
2,803
85.7
2,735
83.6
68
2.4
1,801
1,492
82.8
1,444
80.2
48
3.2
1,769
1,469
83.0
1,439
81.3
30
2.0
Dec.
1998
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population ... 172,714
116,772
Civilian labor force
67.6
Percent of population
113,078
Employed
65.5
Employment-population ratio
3,694
Unemployed
3.2
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutionai population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18.
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
December 1999
Employed1
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Age, sex, and race
Total
Unemployed
Full-time workers
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
111,054
2,194
197
1,997
108,860
9,401
99,459
86,396
13,062
99,657
1,874
153
1,721
97,783
8,453
89,330
77,882
11,449
8,746
289
44
246
8,456
756
7,701
6,549
1,152
2,651
31
31
2,620
192
2,428
1,966
462
23,642
4,886
2,509
2,377
18,756
3,655
15,101
10,594
4,506
2,105
180
19
161
1,925
371
1,554
1,399
155
20,498
4,553
2,428
2,125
15,945
3,154
12,791
8,707
4,084
1,039
154
62
91
885
129
756
489
267
4,210
488
125
364
3,721
824
2,897
2,612
285
1,035
487
329
158
549
112
437
285
151
63,855
1,239
62,617
5,271
57,345
49,498
7,847
58,043
1,065
56,978
4,802
52,176
45,273
6,903
4,364
161
4,203
378
3,825
3,183
642
1,449
13
1,436
91
1,344
1,042
302
7,844
2,336
5,508
1,550
3,958
2,129
1,830
885
67
818
199
619
550
69
6,619
2,205
4,414
1,285
3,130
1,487
1,642
340
64
276
66
210
91
119
2,416
312
2,104
509
1,595
1,447
148
516
285
231
63
168
76
92
47,199
956
46,243
4,130
42,113
36,899
5,215
41,614
809
40,806
3,651
37,155
32,609
4,546
4,382
129
4,254
378
3,876
3,366
510
1,202
18
1,184
101
1,083
924
160
15,798
2,550
13,248
2,105
11,142
8,466
2,677
1,219
112
1,107
172
935
849
87
13,879
2,348
11,531
1,870
9,661
7,220
2,442
699
90
609
63
546
397
149
1,794
176
1,617
316
1,302
1,165
137
519
202
317
49
268
209
59
54,601
1,046
53,556
4,518
49,037
42,146
6,891
49,656
907
48,749
4,126
44,623
38,569
6,054
3,760
129
3,631
316
3,315
2,741
574
1,185
10
1,175
76
1,099
836
263
6,607
2,023
4,584
1,267
3,318
1,650
1,668
641
54
587
141
446
394
52
5,677
1,914
3,763
1,080
2,684
1,175
1,509
289
55
234
46
188
81
107
1,788
245
1,542
363
1,180
1,058
121
365
205
161
40
121
49
72
38,034
793
37,241
3,323
33,917
29,529
4,388
33,476
666
32,811
2,930
29,880
26,055
3,826
3,608
115
3,493
308
3,185
2,750
435
949
13
937
85
852
724
128
13,874
2,185
11,689
1,761
9,928
7,525
2,403
906
84
822
132
690
618
72
12,358
2,024
10,334
1,578
8,756
6,560
2,197
609
77
532
51
481
347
134
1,212
121
1,091
205
886
775
111
416
160
256
43
212
170
43
6,318
152
6,166
558
5,608
5,009
599
5,718
123
5,595
496
5,099
4,577
522
413
26
387
47
340
293
47
187
3
184
15
169
138
31
794
202
592
177
415
317
98
182
13
169
43
126
116
10
589
182
406
128
278
194
84
23
6
17
6
11
7
4
496
51
445
128
316
301
16
122
68
54
16
38
20
17
6,851
126
6,725
635
6,091
5,472
618
6,061
108
5,953
574
5,378
4,843
535
597
12
585
44
540
483
57
193
6
188
16
172
146
26
1,339
257
1,081
246
836
619
217
253
23
230
31
199
192
6
1,026
222
804
206
598
395
203
60
13
48
8
39
32
7
489
52
437
108
329
310
19
79
30
49
3
47
36
11
White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.
30
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
Dec.
1998
Total
16 years
and over
Dec.
1999
132,732 134,696
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
40,007
19,415
840
13,707
4,868
20,592
2,121
1,743
603
41,038
20,023
810
14,162
5,050
21,015
2,128
1,870
Women
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
70,930
71,699
67,439
68,125
61,801
62,997
58,273
59,491
20,266
10,729
463
8,209
2,057
9,537
20,568
10,837
382
8,370
2,084
9,731
1,881
1,316
375
787
444
563
1,386
659
2,320
20,156
20,436
10,784
382
8,324
2,078
9,653
1,878
1,316
375
787
442
559
1,352
659
2,286
19,741
8,686
377
5,498
2,811
11,055
233
554
174
261
2,582
489
3,810
278
2,674
20,471
9,187
429
5,792
2,966
11,284
247
554
181
264
2,475
466
4,018
326
2,752
19,557
8,642
373
5,461
2,808
10,914
233
554
174
258
2,579
481
3,765
278
2,592
20,260
9,123
426
5,743
2,953
11,138
247
554
181
264
2,471
454
3,958
326
2,681
12,889
1,827
304
783
739
7,375
2,883
1,169
2,313
24
3,944
290
183
100
203
599
2,571
14,249
2,167
308
969
890
7,986
2,808
1,622
1,067
2,459
30
4,096
284
160
59
172
571
2,850
13,335
2,129
300
951
878
7,381
2,782
1,609
1,059
1,900
30
3,825
280
139
50
165
542
2,650
24,723
2,269
1,375
297
597
8,208
1,892
1,170
374
4,718
54
14,246
412
190
3,352
2,018
385
7,889
25,312
2,349
1,467
292
590
8,555
2,134
1,251
425
4,684
61
14,407
414
200
3,172
1,912
452
8,257
22,779
2,239
1,348
295
596
6,907
1,858
1,138
359
3,498
54
13,633
410
187
3,269
1,986
373
7,408
23,425
2,303
1,441
284
578
7,283
2,094
1,232
406
3,497
53
13,839
412
199
3,090
1,883
433
7,822
6,975
51
1,842
5,083
2,610
260
1,664
549
6,129
44
228
1,509
480
6,002
36
1,802
4,165
1,907
243
1,544
470
10,779
821
420
9,538
3,441
2,196
1,372
2,529
10,607
806
442
9,359
3,490
2,100
1,369
2,400
9,658
741
400
8,517
2,769
2,119
1,301
2,329
9,488
729
415
8,343
2,814
2,017
1,296
2,216
1,888
1,189
430
839
415
544
1,378
647
10,686
463
8,170
2,053
9,471
1,886
1,181
430
2,997
556
1,051
2,919
1,033
5,188
1,0^9
5,405
925
4,881
985
5,072
2,208
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
38,517
4,137
1,691
1,102
1,345
16,189
4,803
2,733
1,543
7,031
79
39,560
4,517
1,775
1,261
1,481
13,794
1,869
316
805
748
16,541
4,942
2,873
1,492
7,143
91
18,503
698
360
3,230
7,981
2,911
1,563
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Foodservice
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
17,873
870
2,356
14,647
6,140
2,447
3,006
3,053
14,442
6,101
2,360
3,032
2,949
7,094
49
1,936
5,109
2,699
252
1,635
524
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,586
4,875
5,665
4,047
14,988
4,810
6,109
4,069
13,279
4,700
5,529
3,050
13,596
4,572
5,949
3,076
12,941
4,566
5,374
3,001
13,256
4,475
5,772
3,010
1,308
175
136
997
1,392
238
160
993
1,273
172
134
967
1,345
227
155
963
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,702
7,787
5,633
4,367
1,266
5,282
799
4,482
18,546
7,295
5,674
4,394
1,281
5,577
1,057
4,519
14,066
4,899
5,028
3,839
1,189
4,139
769
3,370
13,904
4,479
5,048
3,855
1,193
4,377
1,023
3,355
13,055
4,735
4,901
3,736
1,165
3,419
700
2,718
12,888
4,288
4,940
3,772
1,168
3,661
911
2,750
4,636
2,889
605
528
77
1,143
30
1,112
4,642
2,816
627
538
88
1,199
35
1,165
4,420
2,823
602
525
77
995
30
965
4,422
2,754
606
521
85
1,061
35
1,027
3,046
1,080
1,966
2,981
1,009
1,973
2,431
813
1,618
2,407
774
1,633
2,268
810
1,458
2,206
771
1,435
615
267
348
574
235
339
586
264
322
551
234
318
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
1,100
18,190
702
373
3,452
2,221
984
10,459
2,084
1,024
11,107
17,582
857
2,283
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
839
415
540
1,362
647
2,171
1,532
1,159
1,776
24
3,688
289
181
91
199
589
2,338
1,885
4,200
1,983
used in the household survey.
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Women
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
132,732
100.0
134,696
100.0
70,930
100.0
71,699
100.0
61,801
100.0
62,997
100.0
30.1
30.5
14.9
15.6
28.6
15.1
31.9
14.1
32.5
14.6
29.4
3.4
19.4
2.6
11.3
28.7
15.1
13.6
19.9
3.0
11.1
5.7
17.9
40.0
3.7
13.3
23.1
17.9
40.2
3.7
13.6
9.7
.1
2.6
MA
1.3
.7
7.1
19.0
19.4
6.2
7.0
6.1
3.4
15.4
2.1
7.5
4.7
1.0
1.8
1.0
22.9
16.8
1.3
.7
14.9
2.2
7.4
4.5
1.0
1.9
.9
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
14.6
15.5
29.0
3.1
12.2
13.7
13.5
.7
1.8
11.0
11.0
14.1
13.4
12.3
13.7
13.1
.6
5.6
10.0
.1
2.7
7.2
1.7
5.9
4.2
4.0
2.3
10.7
11.1
13.8
5.4
4.2
4.1
2.2
111,647
100.0
113,116
100.0
60,722
100.0
61,208
100.0
50,924
100.0
51,908
100.0
31.1
15.3
15.9
29.1
3.1
31.3
29.5
29.4
15.5
12.6
13.4
11.9
.6
15.8
13.6
19.8
3.0
11.6
5.2
8.8
1
( )
2.5
6.3
20.0
18.5
5.9
33.1
14.5
18.7
12.4
13.5
12.3
.6
1.7
15.9
13.5
19.4
2.6
11.6
5.2
33.6
15.0
18.6
40.6
3.7
13.9
23.0
15.6
1.2
18.7
19.8
6.9
7.1
5.8
3.4
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10.0
15.9
29.3
3.3
1.6
9.7
11.8
9.0
.1
2.6
6.3
40.6
3.7
13.5
23.4
16.3
1.3
.6
.6
5.8
3.7
14.4
2.0
6.9
4.3
.9
1.8
1.1
13.9
2.1
7.0
4.1
.9
1.9
1.0
13.2
19.5
18.9
4.1
3.8
2.5
5.1
4.1
4.0
2.5
6.6
6.9
5.5
3.7
14,993
100.0
15,302
100.0
6,945
100.0
7,112
100.0
8,048
100.0
8,190
100.0
20.9
22.4
10.9
11.5
18.1
29.5
3.0
9.6
18.4
2.4
8.1
17.2
.1
4.2
13.0
14.5
23.3
10.6
12.7
38.0
3.4
12.0
22.5
25.5
25.2
12.0
13.3
38.1
3.5
16.8
20.8
1.0
2.7
17.1
7.7
18.7
19.3
9.7
9.5
19.6
2.5
7.5
9.6
11.5
13.4
5.5
6.7
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
:
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10.1
10.8
28.9
3.0
10.1
15.8
21.7
.9
2.7
18.0
7.9
19.5
8.1
5.8
5.6
1.1
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
7.1
6.1
5.4
.9
used in the household survey.
32
9.4
8.6
7.9
16.4
.2
3.8
12.4
13.7
29.5
8.6
29.9
10.1
10.4
9.4
1.9
11.4
9.4
.
1.6
1.6
1.5
22.4
2.2
10.6
6.4
1.8
2.4
.5
11.5
23.1
24.7
1.7
1.8
21.2
2.5
9.3
5.8
1.6
1.9
.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
December 1999
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminiscians
Private
trative
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
specialty related
hold
including
manasupport
clerical
gerial
2,979
556
9,483
20,084
12,238
7,846
147
92
1,415
2,982
1,785
1,198
96
55
177
1,986
1,314
672
9,653
28,053
5,152
22,900
1,314
2,521
625
1,895
556
602
171
431
8,781
49,195
979
48,216
32,928
5,911
2,677
7,459
4
7,455
4,602
1,417
401
16,121
5
16,116
13,869
1,022
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
13
3
118
767
357
410
133
51
396
1,919
1,020
899
12
5
44
229
112
117
61
192
5,464
3,875
2,737
1,138
15
26
113
5,775
3,505
2,270
45
88
556
751
413
338
13
27
1,124
1,044
470
573
2,405
296
339
333 11864
70 2,050
262 9,813
2,431
2,294
773
1,521
288
5,100
59
5,041
1,350
1,497
367
1,131
98
406
123
283
2,422
1,129
490
639
542
2,245
391
1,854
17
63
33
31
295
9,075
67
9,008
5,472
1.678
165
2,182
6
821
2
819
180
35
19
634
4
630
321
30
10
541
11
530
98
31
29
348
12
336
74
36
39
17
56
696
469
228
194
2,631
4
2,626
2,114
212
2,252
1,190
1,190
209
40
2,735
7,336
13
7,323
5,516
1,208
1
857
857
2,182
473
202
used in the household survey.
Includes protective service, not s h o w n separately.
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
33
21
60
57
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
December 1999
Nonagricultural industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
Self-
Unpaid
salary
workers
employed
workers
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,822
173
77
96
256
412
473
290
172
45
1,127
9
5
4
5
133
264
255
252
209
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,339
147
64
83
197
297
359
180
118
41
860
8
5
3
4
110
211
186
177
163
483
26
13
13
59
115
114
110
53
4
267
1
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
31
11
8
3
4
8
2
3
2
9
6
3
3
1
1
22
5
5
1
-
23
53
69
75
46
-
3
7
1
3
2
Other
private
industries
Government
Unpaid
family
workers
123,053
6,830
2,594
4,235
12,560
28.860
33,588
26,353
11,797
3,065
103,885
6,525
2,513
4,012
11,415
25,225
28,134
20,584
9,415
2,587
972
98
69
29
108
155
209
190
137
76
102,912
6,427
2,444
3,983
11,307
25,070
27,926
20,394
9,278
2,510
19,169
305
81
224
1,145
3,635
5,454
5,769
2,382
478
8,566
52
22
30
229
1,395
2,490
2,402
1,351
647
97
6
64,115
3.375
1,272
2,104
6,499
15,278
17,688
13,427
6,205
1.642
55,898
3,250
1,228
2,022
6,018
13,750
15,340
11,011
5,114
1,415
80
19
15
5
18
12
6
8
10
7
55,818
3,230
1,213
2,017
6,000
13,738
15,334
11,003
5,104
1,408
8,217
126
44
82
481
1,528
2,348
2,416
1,090
227
5,354
35
17
18
119
868
1,530
1,480
861
461
23
4
58.938
3,454
1,323
2.131
6,061
13,582
15,900
12,925
5,592
1,423
47,987
3,275
1,286
1,990
5,397
11,475
12,794
9,573
4,300
1,172
893
79
55
24
90
143
203
182
127
69
47,094
3,197
1,231
1,966
5,307
11,332
12,591
9,391
4,174
1,102
10,952
179
37
142
664
2,107
3,106
3,352
1,292
251
3,212
16
5
11
111
527
960
922
489
186
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Private
household
workers
Selfemployed
workers
used in the household survey.
34
6
1
14
31
19
11
15
4
1
8
2
5
3
74
3
—
3
6
29
19
5
12
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23.
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Agriculture
Percent distribution
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
131,006
2,818
128,188
100.0
100.0
100.0
30,375
1,120
5,094
15,349
8,812
914
84
197
392
240
29,462
1,036
4,897
14,957
8,572
23.2
.9
3.9
11.7
6.7
32.4
3.0
7.0
13.9
8.5
23.0
.8
3.8
11.7
6.7
,
100,631
8,755
49,390
42,486
15,399
15,782
11,305
1,905
128
749
1,029
238
338
453
98,726
8,627
48,641
41,457
15,161
15,444
10,853
76.8
6.7
37.7
32.4
11.8
12.0
8.6
67.6
4.5
26.6
36.5
8.4
12.0
16.1
77.0
6.7
37.9
32.3
11.8
12.0
8.5
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
39.8
43.8
39.8
45.8
39.8
43.7
Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
,
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
30,375
8,746
21,629
29,462
8,406
21,056
3,332
2,017
974
185
157
1,365
1,078
1,967
938
974
55
3,129
1,891
964
123
152
1,216
983
1,913
908
964
41
27,043
899
5,508
753
7,288
2,113
2,878
85
263
7,256
7,381
80
111
19,662
819
4,732
753
7,181
2,113
7,190
11
740
2,878
85
263
3,192
4,064
26,333
884
5,356
736
7,161
1,977
2,827
81
221
7,091
2,827
81
221
3,138
3,953
23.1
21.2
23.9
25.8
22.6
19.5
23.2
21.3
24.0
25.8
22.7
19.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
130
157
106
used in the household survey.
35
81
152
106
19,143
806
4,616
736
7,055
1,977
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total, 16 years and over.
128,188
29,462
Wage and salary workers .
119,938
Industry and class of worker
Average hours
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,129
7,190
19,143
98,726
39.8
43.7
26,943
2,750
6,737
17,456
92,995
39.8
43.5
508
47
6
32
9
461
47.9
48.5
7,665
1,241
317
504
420
6,424
41.1
42.7
Manufacturing
,
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,286
11,789
7,497
2,090
1,186
904
260
121
139
999
632
368
831
434
397
17,196
10,603
6,594
42.9
43.4
42.2
44.0
44.3
43.6
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,942
25,920
7,865
1,373
8,389
1,404
156
918
105
569
1,144
507
649
6,327
791
7,569
17,531
6,461
42.9
37.4
40.4
44.9
43.7
42.8
Service industries
Private households ...
All other industries ....
Public administration ..
44,004
952
43,052
5,747
11,548
539
11.008
852
943
75
868
45
2,464
23
2,441
517
8,140
441
7,699
290
32,457
412
32,044
4,895
38.5
29.1
38.7
41.4
43.2
44.2
43.2
42.7
Self-employed workers .
Unpaid family workers ..
8,152
97
2,465
54
379
448
5
1,638
49
5,687
44
40.4
31.9
46.9
Mining
Construction
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
36
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricuitural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race, and marital status
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
128,188
6,709
2,557
4,152
121,479
12,475
109,004
92,805
16,199
29,462
4,797
2,390
2,406
24,665
4,042
20,623
15,742
4,881
67,805
3,341
1,257
2,083
64,464
6,467
57,997
49,213
8,784
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,129
239
31
208
2,890
467
2,423
2,149
274
7,190
188
26
162
7,003
605
6,398
5,453
945
19,143
4,370
2,334
2,036
14,772
2,971
11,801
8,140
3,662
98,726
1,912
167
1,745
96,814
8,433
88,381
77,063
11,318
39.8
24.6
17.6
29.0
40.6
36.3
41.1
41.8
37.5
43.7
40.0
37.0
40.3
43.8
42.0
44.0
44.1
43.3
10,964
2,269
1,168
1,101
8,694
1,745
6,950
4,865
2,084
1,536
92
13
79
1,444
261
1,183
1,049
134
3,355
97
14
83
3,259
280
2,978
2,462
516
6,073
2,080
1,141
939
3,992
1,204
2,788
1,354
1,434
56,841
1,072
89
982
55,769
4,722
51,047
44,347
6,700
42.6
25.6
18.0
30.2
43.4
37.9
44.0
44.7
40.1
45.2
40.2
37.1
40.5
45.3
42.9
45.5
45.7
44.6
60,383
3,368
1,300
2,068
57,015
6,008
51,007
43,593
7,415
18,498
2,528
1,222
1,305
15,971
2,297
13,673
10,877
2,796
1,593
147
17
130
1,446
206
1,240
1,100
140
3,835
91
12
78
3,744
324
3,420
2,991
429
13,070
2,290
1,193
1,097
10,780
1,767
9,013
6,785
2,228
41,885
840
77
763
41,045
3,711
37,334
32,716
4,618
36.7
23.7
17.2
27.7
37.5
34.5
37.8
38.4
34.4
41.8
39.7
36.8
40.0
41.8
41.0
41.9
42.0
41.5
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
107,411
57,739
49,672
25,211
9,249
15,962
2,361
1,155
1,207
6,062
2,915
3,147
16,788
5,180
11,608
82,200
48,490
33,710
39.8
42.7
36.4
43.9
45.3
41.9
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
14,748
6,834
7,914
2,976
1,137
1,839
606
300
306
813
279
534
1,557
559
998
11,772
5,696
6,075
39.7
41.5
38.1
42.6
44.1
41.3
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
41,180
7,987
18,638
4,525
1,185
5,253
664
269
604
2,059
477
820
1,803
439
3,830
36,654
6,802
13,385
44.6
43.1
37.8
45.9
44.9
43.4
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
32,634
12,180
15,569
9,667
2,939
5,892
570
395
628
2,103
849
883
6,994
1,695
4,381
22,967
9,241
9,677
36.9
38.8
34.7
41.6
42.3
41.8
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race
Marital status
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
For n o n e c o n o m i c
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons w h o
usually work
full time
128,197
29,490
3,136
7,189
19,165
98,707
39.8
43.7
40,071
19,627
20,444
38,573
4,388
16,154
18,032
17,018
838
2,202
13,978
14,549
17,986
7,052
5,501
5,433
6,805
2,727
4,078
10,761
975
4,774
5,012
6,485
485
342
5,658
1,923
3,517
1,038
892
1,587
467
213
254
781
49
401
331
782
70
24
688
470
636
220
170
245
2,287
1,150
1,136
2,285
358
656
1,272
805
21
132
653
875
938
373
250
315
4,051
1,364
2,687
7,695
568
3,717
3,409
4,898
395
187
4,317
578
1,943
445
472
1,027
33,266
16,900
16,366
27,813
3,413
11,380
13,020
10,533
353
1,860
8,320
12,626
14,469
6,014
4,610
3,845
42.3
43.8
40.9
37.9
39.6
38.8
36.7
35.3
28.9
43.5
34.4
42.2
40.6
41.1
43.8
36.8
45.1
45.8
44.4
42.7
42.4
45.0
41.0
42.8
44.3
46.0
42.0
43.4
43.6
42.7
46.6
41.7
67,622
10,914
1,542
3,334
6,038
56,708
42.6
45.2
20,202
10,654
9,547
13,956
2,116
7,833
4,006
6,748
51
1,767
4,931
13,200
13,517
4,358
4,884
4,275
2,356
1,051
1,305
2,558
334
1,396
828
1,970
36
217
1,716
1,676
2,355
504
663
1,188
258
128
130
199
25
95
79
236
4
10
222
425
425
126
125
174
934
493
441
659
165
254
241
299
104
195
802
640
191
208
241
1,163
430
734
1,700
144
1,047
509
1,435
32
104
1,299
449
1,291
188
330
773
17,846
9,603
8,243
11,398
1,783
6,437
3,178
4,778
14
1,550
3,214
11,525
11,161
3,854
4,221
3,087
45.2
46.4
43.8
42.0
42.3
43.1
39.8
38.2
(2)
45.1
35.9
42.4
41.5
42.4
44.7
37.1
47.0
47.7
46.1
45.4
44.2
47.0
43.1
44.2
(2)
46.9
42.9
43.5
44.4
43.7
46.9
41.9
60,575
18,576
1,594
3,855
13,127
41,999
36.7
41.8
19,869
8,973
10,896
24,618
2,272
8,321
14,025
10,270
788
435
9,047
1,348
4,470
2,694
618
1,158
4,449
1,676
2,773
8,203
642
3,377
4,184
4,515
449
125
3,941
247
1,161
534
229
399
209
84
125
582
25
306
252
546
66
14
466
46
211
94
45
71
1,352
658
695
1,626
193
402
1,031
506
21
28
458
73
298
182
41
74
2,888
934
1,953
5,995
424
2,670
2,901
3,463
362
83
3,018
129
653
257
142
254
15,420
7,297
8,123
16,415
1,630
4,943
9,842
5,755
339
310
5,106
1,101
3,308
2,160
389
759
39.4
40.8
38.2
35.5
37.0
34.7
35.7
33.4
28.9
36.8
33.6
39.8
37.8
39.0
37.3
35.5
42.9
43.2
42.6
40.9
40.4
42.5
40.3
41.6
43.5
41.6
41.5
42.2
41.3
41.1
43.4
40.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Average hours
38
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,125
1,633
2,932
998
398
1,536
4.2
2.3
5.2
7.9
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,394
870
365
1,158
2,153
801
291
1,061
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
578
109
77
618
Unemployment
rates
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
3.9
2.2
4.5
7.2
2,440
849
611
980
2,313
781
503
1,029
3.8
2.5
4.7
5.8
3.5
2.2
3.8
6.0
3.8
2.2
5.0
6.9
3.4
2.0
4.0
6.2
1,755
719
449
587
1,628
631
368
629
3.3
2.4
4.4
4.7
3.0
2.1
3.5
5.0
392
128
87
403
7.7
3.2
6.3
13.6
8.0
3.8
6.9
13.1
565
84
137
344
569
95
119
354
6.6
3.0
6.1
9.6
6.5
3.3
5.1
9.9
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,986
972
441
573
1,764
936
369
459
3.2
2.3
5.1
5.2
2.8
2.2
4.3
4.1
1,708
793
586
329
1,570
716
469
385
3.2
2.4
4.6
3.9
2.9
2.1
3.7
4.5
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,562
813
349
400
1,301
754
267
279
2.9
2.1
4.9
4.6
2.4
2.0
3.8
3.2
1,249
667
430
152
1,098
569
336
193
2.8
2.3
4.3
2.6
2.4
2.0
3.3
3.3
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
330
109
73
148
354
118
82
154
5.3
3.2
6.1
8.8
5.6
3.6
6.6
8.4
367
83
132
152
376
91
117
167
5.2
3.1
6.0
6.8
5.1
3.3
5.1
7.4
1,030
462
NOTE: Beginning in 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
Dec.
1999
Thousands of
persons
the household survey.
39
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates
Total
Total
Men
Women
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
5,565
5,245
4.0
3.7
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.5
665
332
333
633
346
287
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,319
1,304
92
614
614
95
647
562
3.3
2.2
3.7
3.3
3.2
2.1
3.8
2.9
3.1
2.4
3.0
3.4
3.0
2.2
2.9
3.4
3.5
2.0
4.3
3.2
3.3
1.9
4.5
2.8
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,061
81
56
5.6
8.5
2.3
5.9
4.9
4.6
3.1
5.2
6.1
(2)
1.7
7.6
4.8
924
900
42
73
785
2.9
5.4
5.3
8.7
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.1
5.0
503
103
278
122
631
147
359
125
3.3
2.1
4.7
2.9
4.0
3.0
5.5
3.0
3.3
2.1
4.6
2.8
3.9
2.9
5.5
2.3
3.5
1.1
6.6
3.5
5.2
4.0
8.0
5.0
1,274
501
271
502
137
365
1,174
453
259
462
126
336
6.4
6.0
4.6
8.7
14.7
7.5
6.0
5.8
4.4
7.7
10.7
6.9
6.2
5.2
4.5
9.1
14.2
7.9
5.6
4.9
4.2
8.0
10.5
7.2
7.1
7.4
5.3
7.0
(2)
6.4
6.9
7.3
5.7
6.5
(2)
6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing
355
265
10.4
8.2
10.4
7.7
10.7
10.1
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
381
252
68
62
330
234
38
58
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
(2)
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
40
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Total
Men
Total
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
5,565
5,245
4.0
3.7
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.5
4,408
4,231
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.8
Mining
Construction
31
459
21
557
5.3
6.5
3.8
7.1
5.7
6.5
3.9
7.4
1.8
6.7
2.7
4.2
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
807
415
33
23
23
25
45
94
41
69
54
16
28
35
718
441
37
29
25
17
60
78
83
57
35
23
17
38
3.9
3.3
4.2
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.7
2.0
2.9
3.8
1.6
3.5
5.5
3.5
3.5
4.9
4.5
3.6
2.3
4.9
3.1
4.1
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.3
5.5
3.3
2.8
4.2
1.4
4.1
3.0
2.3
3.8
2.1
2.0
2.6
1.2
3.4
3.3
2.8
3.0
6.0
1.2
3.5
2.5
4.5
2.8
2.6
1.7
1.2
2.6
2.4
4.9
5.1
4.5
3.8
8.2
2.1
4.5
6.7
3.6
'1.8
6.0
7.4
3.3
3.6
8.2
4.9
4.9
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
392
277
53
25
73
11
30
52
29
5
4.8
6.4
5.0
9.8
1.4
3.2
3.0
5.5
3.1
3.5
3.1
4.8
8.9
1.7
1.6
4.0
3.3
1.6
4.2
5.7
4.0
7.8
1.9
3.8
.8
6.5
4.4
2.5
2.4
2.5
6.1
1.4
1.2
4.0
2.7
.8
5.7
7.7
6.2
10.7
223
168
56
215
1,330
207
1,122
236
1,322
529
793
1,273
159
1,114
180
1,265
437
828
2.9
3.4
1.9
4.8
4.1
5.0
2.9
3.8
2.6
5.7
2.7
3.2
1.9
4.6
3.2
4.9
2.2
3.5
2.1
5.7
3.0
3.7
1.8
5.1
3.9
5.5
3.1
4.1
2.8
5.1
3.1
3.6
2.1
4.0
2.6
4.5
2.4
4.2
2.3
5.7
2.5
2.8
2.0
4.5
4.3
4.5
2.8
3.7
2.5
6.3
1.8
2.2
1.3
5.2
4.4
5.3
2.1
3.1
2.0
5.7
234
542
381
193
490
330
12.2
1.8
9.6
1.7
13.8
1.8
8.2
2.0
7.2
1.9
13.1
1.3
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
111
29
84
10
57
39
54
9
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
162
53
Dec.
1993
Dec.
1999
used in the household survey.
41
Dec.
1998
Women
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
2.4
7.3
3.0
Dec.
1999
10.4
4.1
1.5
5.8
4.3
6.3
4.2
5.2
2.3
2.0
6.3
4.8
4.4
8.0
10.4
2.4
2.1
4.0
4.6
3.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Total,
16 years
and over
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
5,565
2,849
934
1,915
1,382
533
628
1,706
381
5,245
2,451
859
1,592
1,073
519
718
1,745
330
2,510
1,643
579
1,064
771
294
302
525
41
2,335
1,376
494
882
567
315
361
556
42
2,065
987
294
693
513
180
263
725
1,935
903
306
597
421
177
257
721
53
990
219
61
158
99
59
63
456
252
51.2
16.8
34.4
11.3
30.6
6.9
46.7
16.4
30.4
13.7
33.3
6.3
65.5
23.1
42.4
12.0
20.9
1.6
58.9
21.1
37.8
15.5
23.8
1.8
47.8
14.3
33.6
12.8
35.1
4.3
46.7
15.8
30.9
13.3
37.3
2.8
2.1
.5
1.2
.3
1.8
.5
1.2
.2
2.3
.4
.7
.1
2.0
.5
.8
.1
1.6
.4
1.2
.1
1.5
.4
1.2
.1
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
White
Black
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
975
172
60
113
86
27
100
468
234
4,149
2,228
793
1,435
1,046
389
481
1,208
232
3,781 1,143 1,186
512
1,846
490
113
725
97
399
1,121
393
279
768
248
121
353
145
127
574
120
402
483
1,157
101
203
93
22.1
6.2
16.0
6.4
46.0
25.4
17.7
6.1
11.6
10.3
48.0
24.1
53.7
19.1
34.6
11.6
29.1
5.6
48.8
19.2
29.7
15.2
30.6
5.4
44.8
9.9
34.9
11.1
35.2
8.9
41.3
8.2
33.1
10.1
40.7
7.9
2.7
.8
5.7
3.1
2.1
1.2
5.8
2.9
1.9
.4
1.0
.2
1.6
.5
1.0
.2
3.2
.8
2.5
.6
3.0
.7
2.9
.6
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
42
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
December 1999
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff..«
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,245
2,451
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,335
1,376
494
882
567
315
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.8
48.1
65.3
38.8
38.0
40.4
49.1
38.6
43.5
30.8
30.0
25.3
32.5
30.6
36.5
32.4
30.9
32.4
24.4
21.9
9.4
28.7
31.4
23.1
18.5
30.5
24.1
11.8
11.4
5.5
14.5
17.3
8.8
9.3
14.0
43.7
46.6
66.5
35.5
31.7
42.1
47.0
35.1
28.0
28.2
21.6
31.9
31.7
32.2
30.3
27.4
28.3
25.2
11.9
32.6
36.5
25.6
22.6
37.5
13.0
13.3
7.7
361
556
42
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,935
903
306
597
421
177
257
721
53
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.4
44.6
60.2
36.7
38.3
32.8
45.7
39.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
975
172
60
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.0
78.0
(1)
76.0
78.0
859
1,592
1,073
519
718
1,745
330
113
86
27
100
468
234
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
1
1
(1)
65.6
40.8
49.3
16.4
1
1
11.8
12.8
10.5
4.1
13.8
15.4
9.9
6.6
17.4
9.9
2.2
13.8
15.2
10.6
12.5
13.3
1
1
1
14.8
3.7
(1)
3.4
.9
33.2
18.3
(1)
20.6
21.1
(1)
32.5
37.4
36.1
15.3
11.9
4.2
16.2
15.1
18.1
13.6
22.4
21.4
7.5
9.1
15.1
24.6
20.4
6.2
27.6
30.6
20.5
19.2
30.7
1
1
12.6
10.5
3.8
14.2
14.0
14.4
9.2
16.5
14.8
9.3
1
33.0
35.0
33.6
35.7
31.1
46.7
35.2
29.5
27 weeks
and over
9.2
3.7
5.7
(1)
3.4
.9
1
( )
1.9
13.8
7.0
(1)
1.9
21.8
14.7
8.0
7.7
used in the household survey.
A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
5,565
2,299
5,245
2,348
1,615
1,143
472
1,281
621
661
100.0
41.3
32.7
23.5
100.0
44.8
4,452
1,702
4,210
1,306
5.9
8.0
1,500
1,070
430
1,250
582
668
270
100.0
42.7
31.0
22.3
8.8
26.2
12.6
13.7
314
347
30.8
21.8
9.0
24.4
11.8
12.6
6.0
6.6
100.0
38.2
33.7
24.0
9.7
1,817
1,306
512
1,449
680
769
326
443
14.1
6.7
9.2
26.0
12.2
13.8
13.0
5.8
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Full-time workers
937
369
1,105
397
529
576
284
292
15.2
7.4
13.8
6.3
used in the household survey.
43
1,799
28.1
13.1
15.0
6.1
8.9
6.7
6.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
Weeks
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 to 14
weeks
5 weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
13.0
8.8
10.0
13.6
14.7
16.8
18.5
12.8
5.8
4.3
4.0
6.6
7.3
7.2
8.9
4.2
TOTAL
5,245
975
936
2,348
507
527
462
412
271
115
55
1,615
323
2,932
597
571
527
538
458
177
63
1,333
312
305
862
208
136
231
219
170
165
126
2,313
378
365
568
483
322
156
40
1,016
195
222
753
115
231
193
90
60
23
169
170
132
60
13
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
3,781
2,153
1,628
1,800
1,043
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,281
145
178
295
275
251
119
19
621
89
101
139
133
113
39
7
661
56
77
156
142
138
79
12
738
77
131
127
154
151
83
15
350
47
67
51
82
74
25
6
388
31
64
76
73
76
58
9
13.3
8.0
12.0
13.3
14.9
16.4
22.1
(1)
5.7
4.3
4.2
6.4
7.8
6.3
10.7
1
()
544
36
4
271
43
34
88
51
39
15
1
273
25
13
80
69
61
21
3
12.7
10.0
6.8
13.8
14.5
17.4
14.4
(1)
5.8
4.3
3.4
6.9
6.7
8.3
7.1
1
()
756
1,151
611
539
830
498
332
429
247
182
402
251
150
11.6
12.2
10.8
5.0
4.9
5.1
1,186
618
569
413
213
200
378
197
182
395
208
188
164
88
76
231
120
112
17.9
17.2
18.6
9.3
9.3
9.3
998
427
162
744
298
116
447
273
119
345
118
168
156
54
178
15.1
13.4
12.2
6.3
6.8
4.9
338
187
492
264
178
311
180
138
226
70
77
124
110
61
101
12.9
13.8
12.0
5.6
7.7
5.1
1,096
1,022
780
333
103
,
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
231
339
335
259
99
30
180
55
31
39
17
95
68
47
168
121
100
Race
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
398
1,536
781
503
1.029
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
44
65
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
Total
Weeks
5 to 14
weeks
15 to 26
weeks
Total
Average
(mean)
duration
27 weeks
and over
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
633
1,304
900
631
1,174
265
220
616
394
314
542
117
207
394
292
180
322
108
206
294
214
136
310
41
94
151
105
193
567
718
441
277
241
1,277
187
1,428
119
95
300
309
201
108
99
618
70
603
35
69
130
215
123
67
408
52
467
42
29
137
194
116
77
75
251
66
357
42
15
64
98
54
44
28
330
143
107
79
112
143
109
78
150
19
16.3
11.8
14.0
12.4
12.5
9.8
8.0
5.4
5.6
4.6
5.9
5.3
169
19
14
73
96
62
34
47
110
33
188
23
8.7
12.1
14.4
14.2
14.9
15.1
10.4
16.0
14.0
17.8
4.6
4.3
6.6
6.0
7.3
6.9
4.9
8.5
6.1
9.6
31
49
14.8
5.7
58
161
21
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
91
141
33
used in the household survey.
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Category
Dec.
1998
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year*
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
Dec.
1999
16 to 24
years
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
25 to 54
years
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
55 years
and over
Dec.
1998
Men
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Women
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
67,973 68,891 12,031 12,159 18,521 18,846 37,421 37,886 25,254 25,632 42,719 43,259
63,786 64,847 10,529 10,718 16,638 17,022 36,619 37,107 23,492 23,896 40,293 40,951
802
4,187 4,045 1,502 1,442 1,883 1,824
779 1,762 1,736 2,425 2,309
811
761 1,058
595
582 1,032
981
2,463 2,325
947 1,432 1,377
692
207
197
681
825
1,724 1,720
994
843
730
789
931
220
35
47
579
273
253
527
279
182
232
345
346
172
419
428
564
150
605
1,196 1,142
557
548
649
585
358
838
76
194
87
481
267
874
93
199
117
465
107
312
18
159
5
130
81
347
14
175
20
138
187
419
55
23
64
277
157
406
72
24
70
241
64
108
3
29
121
7
11
18
75
27
87
214
334
7
83
34
210
162
395
22
111
30
231
145
504
70
110
52
271
106
479
70
88
87
234
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
1
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2
Sex
Age
Total
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic
Men
Rate1
Number
Number
Women
Rate1
Number
Rate1
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
8,220
324
7,896
770
7,125
6,281
844
720
125
8,037
347
7,689
788
6,901
6,043
858
723
135
6.2
4.6
6.3
6.1
6.3
6.5
5.0
5.5
3.2
6.0
4.9
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.2
4.9
5.3
3.4
4,163
138
4,025
338
3,687
3,244
442
357
85
4,026
128
3,899
336
3,563
3,104
458
364
94
5.9
4.0
6.0
5.1
6.1
6.3
4.7
5.0
3.8
5.6
3.6
5.7
4.9
5.8
6.0
4.7
4.9
4.1
4,057
186
3,871
432
3,439
3,037
402
363
39
4,011
220
3,791
452
3,338
2,939
400
359
41
6.6
5.3
6.6
7.3
6.6
6.8
5.3
6.0
2.4
6.4
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.3
6.5
5.1
5.8
2.4
7,003
956
543
6,837
903
491
6.3
6.4
4.1
6.0
5.9
3.5
3,567
478
303
3,448
431
265
5.9
6.9
3.8
5.6
6.1
3.2
3,436
477
240
3,389
473
226
6.7
5.9
4.5
6.5
5.8
3.8
4,488
1,434
2,298
4,475
1,373
2,188
5.8
6.9
6.6
5.8
6.5
6.1
2,623
467
1,073
2,544
442
1,040
6.0
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.3
1,865
967
1,225
1,932
930
1,148
5.6
7.8
7.7
5.6
7.3
7.1
4,561
1,778
233
1,613
4,411
1,759
343
1,495
2,574
522
149
898
2,479
507
231
797
1,988
1,255
84
715
1,932
1,252
112
698
AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
46
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
Dec.
1998
Dec.
1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,774
5,756
610
2,054
3,092
2,018
7,734
5,251
424
1,718
3,109
2,483
6,446
5,094
542
1,852
2,700
1,353
6,295
4,653
378
1,525
2,750
1,642
6,293
4,967
517
1,807
2,643
1,325
6,133
4,517
368
1,481
2,668
1,616
153
126
24
46
57
27
161
136
10
43
82
26
2.4
2.5
4.4
2.5
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.8
3.0
1.6
20,690
9,344
7,006
4,339
21,762
9,453
7,559
4,751
18,736
8,614
6,374
3,749
19,733
8,743
6,822
4,167
18,213
8,382
6,168
3,663
19,182
8,515
6,617
4,050
523
231
206
86
551
228
205
118
2.8
2.7
3.2
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.0
2.8
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1999, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
47
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Service-producing
Construc- Manufacturing
tion
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Total
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Government
Services
Federal
State
Local
Annual averages
1948...
1949...
44,866
43,754
39,216
37,897
18,774
17,565
994
930
2,198
2,194
15,582
14,441
26,092
26,189
4,189
4,001
2,612
2,610
6,659
6,654
1,800
1,828
5,181
5,239
1,863
1,908
0)
0)
(1)
(1)
1950...
1951 ...
1952 ...
1953 ...
1954...
1955...
1956 ...
1957 ...
1958 ...
1959 2 .
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(D
0)
0)
0)
0)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366
1960 ...
1961 ...
1962 ...
1963...
1964 ...
1965...
1966 ...
1967...
1968...
1969 ...
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970 ..,
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973...
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
1978 ...
1979 ...
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20.077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221
11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
1980..
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985..
1986 ...
1987..
1988..
1989..
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105
25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171
20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
19,314
19,391
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630
5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614
5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668
17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609
1990..
1991 ...
1992..
1993..
1994..
1995..
1996..
1997...
1998..
1999P.
109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,610
91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,450
24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240
709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535
5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,432
84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,370
5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,600
6,791
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,831
7,003
19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
21,966
22,296
22,784
6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,109
7,407
7,633
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,526
3,085
2,966
4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,695
10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,521
12,795
5,160
5,418
5,691
5,985
6,273
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
December
I99:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November ...
December^ ...
127,186
107,213
25,354
570
6,173
18,611
101,832
6,684
6,901
22,525
7,542
38,207
2,701
4,652
12,620
127,378
127,730
127,813
128,134
128,162
128,443
128,816
128,945
129,048
129,332
129,554
129,869
107,386
107,676
107,726
108,035
108,085
108,338
108,663
108,735
108,830
109,095
109,296
109,547
25,315
25,329
25,285
25,288
25,199
25,180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,260
25,277
560
553
550
538
531
526
528
524
527
528
527
529
6,170
6,238
6,232
6,277
6,239
6,258
6,270
6,246
6,293
6,314
6,369
6,385
18,585
18,538
18,503
18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,364
18,363
102,063
102,401
102,528
102,846
102,963
103,263
103,569
103,797
103,862
104,134
104,294
104,592
6,708
6,723
6,732
6,750
6,758
6,781
6,799
6,813
6,831
6,841
6,860
6,892
6,924
6,937
6,947
6,965
6,977
6,993
7,012
7,031
7,041
7,064
7,066
7,082
22,556
22,648
22,611
22,724
22,748
22,796
22,903
22,888
22,862
22,891
22,887
22,952
7,570
7,581
7,595
7,611
7,621
7,636
7,647
7,650
7,653
7,668
7,678
7,690
38,313
38,458
38,556
38,697
38,782
38,952
39,055
39,205
39,257
39,433
39,545
39,654
2,702
2,713
2,710
2,688
2,666
2,664
2,656
2,651
2,654
2,643
2,646
2,652
4,644
4,670
4,680
4,688
4,677
4,675
4,682
4,706
4,717
4,722
4,725
4,735
12,646
12,671
12,697
12,723
12,734
12,766
12,815
12,853
12,847
12,872
12,887
12,935
1
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are
subject to revision.
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2
48
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Mining
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Construction
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999P
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24
345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.9
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.05
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
741.91
748.50
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1998:
December.
1999:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
34.7
$13.00
$451.10
43.7
$17.29
$755.57
39.1
$16.87
$659.62
34.0
34.3
34.2
34.3
34.6
34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6
13.11
13.10
13.12
13.16
13.19
13.14
13.15
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.44
13.48
445.74
449.33
448.70
451.39
456.37
454.64
456.31
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.68
466.41
42.3
42.7
42.2
43.3
44.2
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
45.2
17.23
17.08
17.01
16.93
17.00
16.93
17.12
17.01
17.10
17.00
16.94
17.22
728.83
729.32
717.82
733.07
751.40
748.31
765.26
756.95
759.24
758.20
757.22
778.34
37.9
38.0
37.7
38.6
39.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.7
16.74
16.66
16.79
16.85
17.02
17.08
17.22
17.26
17.41
17.49
17.38
17.43
634.45
633.08
632.98
650.41
668.89
679.78
687.08
690.40
672.03
699.60
686.51
674.54
See footnotes at end of table.
49
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978.
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999P
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05
38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7
12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.66
496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.04
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.06
14.60
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.64
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1998:
December
1999:
January
February
March
April
Mav
June
July
August
September .
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
42.6
$13.69
$12.94
$583.19
39.1
$15.50
$606.05
38.4
$14.32
$549.89
41.3
41.3
41.4
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42 2
42.6
13.66
13.66
13.73
13.80
13.85
13.91
13.92
13.95
14.11
14.04
14.09
14.22
12.98
13.00
13.04
13.10
13.14
13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.27
13.32
13.42
564.16
564.16
568.42
574.08
577.55
581.44
573.50
583.11
588.39
589.68
594.60
605.77
38.7
39.0
38.8
38.6
38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.2
38.2
15.57
15.56
15.51
15.57
15.55
15.56
15.66
15.67
15.78
15.76
15.86
15.89
602.56
606.84
601.79
601.00
603.34
606.84
609.17
617.40
607.53
605.18
605.85
607.00
38.0
38.3
38.2
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.5
14.42
14.38
14.34
14.48
14.53
14.44
14.55
14.65
14.73
14.78
14.86
14.98
547.96
550.75
547.79
554.58
560.86
554.50
558.72
566.96
564.16
570.51
570.62
576.73
See footnotes at end of table.
50
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Services
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999"
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.73
9.08
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.06
14.61
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.85
13.39
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.51
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1998:
December.
1999:
29.2
$8.88
$259.30
36.2
$14.40
$521.28
32.6
$13.18
$429.67
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
28.1
28.6
28.6
28.7
29.1
29.4
29.8
29.9
28.8
28.8
28.7
29.2
9.00
8.98
9.00
9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.04
9.18
9.20
9.21
9.25
252.90
256.83
257.40
259.16
262.77
265.19
268.80
270.30
264.38
264.96
264.33
270.10
36.0
36.3
36.0
35.9
36.4
35.9
36.2
36.9
36.0
36.1
36.0
36.1
14.48
14.55
14.53
14.61
14.72
14.50
14.53
14.61
14.63
14.68
14.72
14.74
521.28
528.17
523.08
524.50
535.81
520.55
525.99
539.11
526.68
529.95
529.92
532.11
32.3
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.7
13.30
13.32
13.33
13.32
13.34
13.23
13.20
13.25
13.48
13.54
13.60
13.71
429.59
432.90
431.89
431.57
436.22
431.30
432.96
439.90
435.40
442.76
444.72
448.32
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are
subject to revision.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998
1999
Industry
Dec.
Total
Total private
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
127,186 127,378 127,730 127,813 128,134 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,945 129,048 129,332 129,554 129,869
107,213 107,386 107,676 107,726 108,035 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,830 109,095 109,296 109,547
25,354
25,315
25,329
25,285
25,288
25,199
25,180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,260
25,277
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ....
570
50
90
320
110
560
50
89
312
109
553
50
88
306
109
550
50
87
305
108
538
49
86
294
109
531
49
86
287
109
526
48
84
285
109
528
48
85
285
110
524
47
83
285
109
527
48
83
287
109
528
48
82
289
109
527
49
82
288
108
529
48
83
291
107
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building ..
Special trade contractors
6,173
1,404
876
3,893
6,170
1,410
871
3,889
6,238
1,426
869
3,943
6,232
1,429
864
3,939
6,277
1,428
874
3,975
6,239
1,427
854
3,958
6,258
1,430
857
3,971
6,270
1,432
857
3,981
6,246
1,426
852
3,968
6,293
1,440
857
3,996
6,314
1,445
861
4,008
6,369
1,451
869
4,049
6,385
1,452
881
4,052
18,611
18,585
18,538
18,503
18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,364
18,363
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
11,074
823
534
570
699
1,493
2,167
370
11,050
826
534
569
696
1,495
2,148
362
11,027
827
535
571
695
1,491
2,146
362
11,014
827
535
569
693
1,490
2,139
360
10,993
824
536
570
691
1,489
2,132
361
10,971
824
537
569
689
1,487
2,129
362
10,960
824
538
568
687
1,485
2,128
364
11,015
826
546
571
692
1,493
2,131
360
10,975
826
543
568
688
1,484
2,122
359
10,959
827
544
569
685
1,486
2,117
358
10,952
829
546
568
685
1,487
2,116
358
10,958
830
543
571
687
1,488
2,117
357
10,959
830
543
571
687
1,490
2,118
359
1,669
1,663
1,659
1,659
1,658
1,658
1,657
1,667
1,662
1,662
1,665
1,664
1,667
640
1,882
994
518
851
386
637
1,884
996
517
849
386
636
1,871
989
510
847
385
636
1,873
992
511
844
385
635
1,864
996
503
842
387
635
1,853
996
498
839
386
637
1,849
998
491
837
387
639
1,863
1,014
488
840
386
641
1,859
1,012
483
836
387
640
1,848
1,006
476
833
388
643
1,838
1,001
471
830
388
643
1,836
1,002
467
833
389
645
1,831
1,002
463
833
389
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
7,537
1,693
40
582
724
666
1,560
1,042
140
1,012
78
7,535
1,699
40
579
718
664
1,561
1,041
139
1,016
78
7,511
1,695
40
575
707
664
1,559
1,041
139
1,015
76
7,489
1,693
39
571
702
662
1,557
1,037
139
1,014
75
7,480
1,689
38
567
698
662
1,555
1,038
139
1,019
75
7,458
1,688
38
563
691
661
1,551
1,036
138
1,018
74
7,436
1,680
39
560
686
659
1,552
1,033
137
1,016
74
7,434
1,681
39
559
679
659
1,554
1,032
138
1,021
72
7,403
1,666
36
557
672
658
1,553
1,030
136
1,022
73
7,407
1,679
38
553
669
657
1,552
1,033
137
1,017
72
7,404
1,680
38
551
666
655
1,552
1,033
136
1,021
72
7,406
1,686
38
552
663
655
1,550
1,033
136
1,022
71
7,404
1,691
38
550
658
655
1,548
1,033
135
1,026
70
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ..
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities .
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
101,832 102,063 102,401 102,528 102,846 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,797 103,862 104,134 104,294 104,592
6,684
4,340
231
6,708
4,356
233
6,723
4,367
233
6,732
4,378
235
6,750
4,397
234
6,758
4,402
233
6,781
4,423
233
6,799
4,438
230
6,813
4,445
226
6,831
4,455
227
6,841
4,458
227
6,860
4,472
227
6,892
4,498
228
474
1,769
183
1,205
14
464
2,344
1,492
852
474
1,786
182
1,204
14
463
2,352
1,502
850
475
1,789
181
1,213
14
462
2,356
1,507
849
476
1,796
177
1,218
14
462
2,354
1,506
848
483
1,800
180
1,220
14
466
2,353
1,508
845
480
1,802
180
1,226
13
468
2,356
1,513
843
483
1,810
181
1,234
13
469
2,358
1,513
845
483
1,817
182
1,240
13
473
2,361
1,519
842
488
1,817
182
1,246
13
473
2,368
1,525
843
486
1,825
182
1,250
13
472
2,376
1,533
843
486
1,828
182
1,251
13
471
2,383
1,541
842
487
1,833
181
1,259
13
472
2,388
1,545
843
487
1,842
180
1,273
13
475
2,394
1,551
843
6,901
4,077
2,824
6,924
4,088
2,836
6,937
4,100
2,837
6,947
4,103
2,844
6,965
4,113
2,852
6,977
4,124
2,853
6,993
4,139
2,854
7,012
4,154
2,858
7,031
4,169
2,862
7,041
4,172
2,869
7,064
4,188
2,876
7,066
4,191
2,875
7,082
4,205
2,877
See footnotes at end of table.
52
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
22,525
967
2,758
2,456
3,487
22,556
972
2,773
2,470
3,481
22,648
979
22,724
982
2,799
2,499
3,492
22,748
979
2,784
2,486
3,487
22,796
3,479
22,903
986
2,778
2,476
3,478
22,888
988
2,774
2,468
3,484
22,862
992
2,762
2,460
3,492
22,611
982
2,794
2,489
3,490
3,478
22,891
1,001
2,756
2,455
3,481
22,887
1,004
2,750
2,447
3,478
22,952
1,007
2,784
2,469
3,485
2,370
1,059
1,147
1,048
7,857
2,891
2,377
1,061
1,152
1,055
7,843
2,903
2,390
1,065
1,167
1,064
7,855
2,920
2,392
1,069
1,167
1,070
7,785
2,931
2,399
1,074
1,163
1,081
7,863
2,945
2,400
1,077
1,172
1,084
7,880
2,962
2,403
1,080
1,178
1,091
7,911
2,970
2,407
1,085
1,192
1,090
7,989
2,983
2,409
1,089
1,191
1,094
7,960
2,988
2,415
1,091
1,189
1,097
7,932
2,997
2,420
1,092
1,200
1,099
7,925
3,009
2,424
1,096
1,199
1,093
7,943
2,996
2,434
1,099
1,191
1,101
7,970
2,980
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
7,542
3,663
2,047
1,467
257
698
360
661
257
2,379
1,624
7,570
3,675
2,049
1,469
258
705
362
663
258
2,383
1,627
7,581
3,681
2,051
1,470
258
708
365
661
261
2,386
7,611
7,647
3,715
2,044
1,462
256
721
369
7,678
3,725
2,047
7,690
3,735
2,049
1,468
252
713
361
686
269
2,410
1,637
711
358
710
358
682
268
2,404
1,635
7,650
3,716
2,046
1,464
255
719
366
685
266
2,407
1,636
7,668
3,719
2,047
1,464
254
691
270
2,414
1,641
271
2,411
714
358
702
270
2,412
1,635
7,636
3,709
2,045
1,463
256
721
372
676
267
2,402
1,638
7,653
3,715
2,047
1,466
255
716
370
668
263
2,395
1,631
7,621
3,706
2,047
1,465
256
720
374
672
267
2,399
1,628
7,595
3,690
2,051
1,469
258
712
368
664
263
2,392
1,632
1,636
1,637
755
1,500
756
1,512
758
1,514
760
1,513
764
1,519
764
1,516
764
1,525
769
1,528
771
1,527
773
1,528
773
1,535
775
1,542
775
1,543
38,207
739
1,783
1,202
8,829
964
3,292
2,922
38,313
747
1,785
1,205
38,458
751
1,786
1,201
38,952
757
1,797
1,200
9,088
984
39,055
760
1,807
1,207
9,148
2,933
2,954
38,782
751
1,786
1,189
9,047
979
3,366
2,986
39,257
763
1,811
1,210
9,204
1,000
3,440
3,032
39,433
766
1,806
1,210
9,303
1,003
3,490
3,099
39,545
774
1,810
1,214
9,331
1,003
3,504
3,101
39,654
8,922
971
38,697
755
1,791
1,204
9,010
978
3,350
2,975
39,205
757
8,869
971
3,308
38,556
747
1,789
1,200
8,963
973
3,343
2,967
1,691
1,724
1,175
392
582
1,656
9,919
1,734
1,176
393
580
1,749
1,178
1,765
1,182
1,781
1,814
398
604
1,660
9,932
396
587
1,668
9,951
395
611
1,695
9,964
1,823
1,196
400
612
1,828
1,198
390
577
1,647
9,899
1,708
1,168
392
573
1,653
9,905
1,833
1,756
1,840
1,756
1,844
1,850
1,856
1,860
1,864
1,754
3,952
651
988
2,223
2,708
618
762
3,954
645
989
1,755
3,959
651
992
2,237
2,734
625
768
3,963
653
995
2,243
2,744
627
769
1,753
3,966
656
998
2,254
2,755
628
772
1,755
3,966
653
999
2,265
2,760
629
775
1,755
3,969
653
1,002
2,272
2,778
633
1,841
1,197
405
606
1,711
10,041
1,890
1,760
95
2,392
3,354
933
94
2,392
3,370
- 939
1,133
20,099
2,688
1,809
4,688
1,955
2,733
12,723
7,206
5,517
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1,163
2,218
2,721
621
765
2,781
2,475
3,331
94
2,380
3,292
922
1,090
94
2,385
3,316
926
1,103
94
2,389
3,335
930
1,111
1,123
19,973
2,701
1,819
4,652
1,932
2,720
12,620
7,148
5,472
19,992
2,702
1,822
4,644
1,920
2,724
12,646
7,165
5,481
20,054
2,713
1,834
4,670
1,941
2,729
20,087
2,710
1,831
4,680
1,948
2,732
12,671
7,181
5,490
12,697
7,200
5,497
3,697
2,050
1,467
257
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
1,675
9,954
982
2,782
2,482
3,387
3,000
1,184
992
3,422
3,025
1,794
1,185
395
609
1,694
9,975
1,868
1,754
1,813
1,207
9,186
998
3,418
3,024
1,806
1,185
396
608
1,712
9,993
1,874
1,755
3,973
658
2,288
111
3,968
655
1,000
2,278
2,763
632
781
93
2,394
3,391
940
94
2,409
3,411
942
94
2,403
3,441
948
95
2,409
3,458
948
1,143
1,153
1,165
20,077
2,666
1,788
4,677
1,941
2,736
12,734
7,225
5,509
20,105
2,664
1,789
4,675
1,934
2,741
12,766
7,239
5,527
20,153
2,656
1,779
4,682
1,947
2,735
12,815
7,268
5,547
1,004
1,190
398
608
1,713
9,999
1,876
1,730
10,009
1,880
1,756
1,756
3,977
657
1,007
3,978
658
1,009
2,289
2,803
2,288
2,817
634
1,465
253
697
401
614
1,728
10,025
1,887
1,755
3,979
658
1,012
758
1,804
1,224
9,408
997
3,531
3,125
3,987
656
1,015
2,304
792
2,298
2,841
644
798
94
2,408
3,464
948
95
2,409
3,487
954
95
2,411
3,498
960
95
2,419
3,521
965
1,178
1,180
1,193
1,195
1,215
20,210
2,651
1,779
4,706
1,965
2,741
12,853
7,308
5,545
20,218
2,654
1,785
4,717
1,965
2,752
12,847
7,295
5,552
20,237
2,643
1,780
4,722
1,960
2,762
12,872
7,305
5,567
20,258
2,646
1,778
4,725
1,965
2,760
12,887
7,315
5,572
20,322
2,652
1,777
4,735
1,974
2,761
12,935
7,350
5,585
2,799
631
785
631
788
2,850
648
802
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999
1998
Industry
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
61,221 61,315 61,464 61,599 61,767 61,852 62,008 62,035 62,227 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645
Total
50,074 50,160 50,275 50,394 50,524 50,591 50,734 50,771 50,916 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245
Total private
6,700
6,680
6,675
6,674
6,658
6,647
6,643
6,630
6,632
6,640
6,617
6,612
6,610
83
82
82
82
82
82
79
78
78
78
76
76
75
674
677
679
682
687
689
695
695
700
701
704
705
708
5,943
5,921
5,914
5,910
5,889
5,876
5,869
5,857
5,854
5,861
5,837
5,831
5,827
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,956
145
168
105
105
338
475
689
408
(1)
169
2,943
146
168
105
104
337
472
684
406
(1)
169
2,939
147
169
104
103
337
472
682
405
(1)
169
2,936
147
169
104
103
338
467
679
408
169
2,930
148
170
104
102
338
466
677
405
(1)
168
2,924
149
169
104
102
336
464
675
407
(1)
168
2,926
148
170
103
101
339
464
676
405
(1)
169
2,922
149
171
102
101
339
464
675
404
(1)
168
2,927
149
171
103
101
339
466
675
404
(1)
169
2,944
150
175
104
100
342
466
680
408
(1)
170
2,928
150
174
102
100
338
465
676
406
(1)
169
2,924
150
173
102
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170
2,925
151
175
101
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
2,987
551
2,978
555
13
271
529
161
703
335
24
345
42
2,975
558
13
270
525
161
702
335
24
345
42
2,974
560
13
269
521
161
702
335
24
348
41
2,959
557
13
267
513
161
701
335
25
346
41
2,952
557
12
266
508
161
701
336
25
346
40
2,943
554
12
263
503
161
700
336
25
349
40
2,935
556
12
261
498
160
698
337
25
349
39
2,927
555
12
259
494
160
699
336
24
348
40
2,917
552
13
259
488
160
700
334
24
349
38
2,909
550
11
258
481
160
700
335
24
351
39
2,907
551
12
256
479
161
700
337
24
349
38
2,902
553
12
254
475
160
699
337
24
350
38
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
13
274
536
162
705
335
24
345
42
54,521 54,635 54,789 54,925 55,109 55,205 55,365 55,405 55,595 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
,
Wholesale trade
2,016
2,015
2,025
2,032
2,048
2,049
2,054
2,059
2,073
2,072
2,087
2,094
2,099
2,110
2,115
2,118
2,121
2,127
2,132
2,140
2,140
2,148
2,153
2,159
2,164
2,170
11,804 11,813 11,842 11,874 11,923 11,937 11,974 11,998 12,008 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
4,697
4,712
4,726
4,743
,
4,753
4,752
4,753
4,769
4,775
4,786
4,790
4,796
11,147 11,155 11,189 11,205 11,243 11,261 11,274 11,264 11,311 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400
1,141 1,141
1,148 1,149 1,133 1,124
1,126 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125
1,148 1,151
2,382 2,385 2,394 2,390 2,403 2,407 2,414 2,413 2,415 2,411 2,420 2,431 2,434
7,617 7,619 7,654 7,674 7,692 7,705 7,727 7,727 7,770 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841
1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4,751
22,747 22,825 22,889 22,950 23,017 23,073 23,171 23,191 23,286 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
(D
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
54
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1999
1998
Industry
Dec.
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
87,702 87,855 88,077 88,170 88,358 88,428 88,613 88,882 88,908 89,044 89,262 89,402 89,536
18,014 17,988 17,976 17,963 17,926 17,872 17,849 17,920 17,826 17,871
17,888 17,944 17,949
432
423
416
413
403
398
396
396
395
398
402
400
403
4,787
4,792
4,830
4,836
4,827
4,812
4,830
4,833
4,809
4,856
4,878
4,928
4,930
12,795 12,773 12,730 12,714 12,696 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,622 12,617 12,608 12,616 12,616
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,568
675
426
446
546
1,123
1,369
1,040
1,247
755
(2)
269
7,548
678
426
445
543
1,126
1,357
1,037
1,243
753
(2)
267
7,529
679
426
446
542
1,121
1,355
1,031
1,236
749
(2)
267
7,527
679
427
445
541
1,119
1,351
1,035
1,239
754
(2)
267
7,519
677
427
446
539
1,119
1,347
1,037
1,232
757
(2)
269
7,504
676
428
446
538
1,118
1,346
1,033
1,226
758
(2)
268
7,487
676
429
445
535
1,115
1,343
1,030
1,222
757
(2)
268
7,549
678
435
448
540
1,125
1,347
1,045
1,237
775
(2)
268
7,513
676
434
443
537
1,115
1,335
1,038
1,243
779
(2)
268
7,496
677
433
444
536
1,116
1,333
1,035
1,231
770
(2)
269
7,489
679
435
443
535
1,117
1,331
1,035
1,222
765
(2)
269
7,494
679
433
445
537
1,118
1,333
1,035
1,222
767
(2)
269
7,487
679
432
444
537
1,119
1,332
1,037
1,218
766
(2)
270
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,227
1,261
31
492
579
506
836
586
94
784
58
5,225
1,266
31
490
574
505
837
584
93
788
57
5,201
1,264
30
486
564
503
835
583
93
786
57
5,187
1,264
29
483
560
502
833
582
92
786
56
5,177
1,259
29
479
558
502
829
583
92
790
56
5,158
1,258
28
476
553
501
827
582
90
788
55
5,136
1,252
29
473
546
500
827
580
89
785
55
5,142
1,258
29
474
539
500
826
580
91
792
53
5,109
1,240
25
471
535
497
826
578
90
793
54
5,121
1,253
27
469
532
498
826
582
90
790
54
5,119
1,254
27
466
528
496
827
584
90
794
53
5,122
1,259
27
467
527
497
824
585
89
794
53
5,129
1,267
27
466
523
499
822
585
89
800
51
Service-producing
69,688 69,867 70,101 70,207 70,432 70,556 70,764 70,962 71,082 71,173 71,374 71,458 71,587
Transportation and public utilities
5,561
5,579
5,592
5,595
5,600
5,602
5,620
5,624
5,634
5,655
5,661
5,670
5,678
Wholesale trade
5,534
5,551
5,565
5,579
5,592
5,600
5,610
5,620
5,631
5,639
5,654
5,657
5,667
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
19,750 19,798 19,888 19,888 19,976 20,009 20,055 20,164 20,145 20,120 20,122 20,128 20,169
5,542
5,565
5,569
5,571
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
5,580
5,583
5,591
5,600
5,596
5,594
5,603
5,608
5,616
33,301 33,374 33,487 33,574 33,684 33,762 33,888 33,954 34,076 34,165 34,334 34,395 34,457
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1 -month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
63.8
49.6
56.2
63.8
54.4
58.0
64.9
61.0
57.9
58.3
54.6
59.4
61.9
58.8
52.1
56.5
55.1
62.8
60.5
58.8
47.5
61.9
58.8
55.9
51.5
54.8
60.8
56.3
57.9
57.0
55.6
57.0
60.7
58.0
57.6
59.1
62.5
61.0
55.8
50.0
57.9
57.3
59.4
54.6
55.1
56.9
63.5
65.4
52.9
57.2
55.2
59.7
63.6
59.1
P58.7
57.7
61.2
62.1
58.6
P54.4
Over 3-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
63.8
62.6
63.8
66.7
60.7
62.9
62.5
63.6
66.2
55.9
58.0
63.3
67.7
64.5
59.6
53.5
63.1
67.3
63.9
54.6
53.9
63.1
62.6
61.4
56.3
52.7
64.3
61.7
58.7
56.2
59.3
64.3
61.4
60.0
56.2
61.0
62.2
66.2
58.4
59.0
59.4
64.6
67.3
57.6
57.4
58.6
64.2
69.9
57.6
P60.7
57.3
66.2
70.8
59.0
P59.8
55.3
63.2
71.2
60.4
Over 6-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
66.7
62.6
67.4
70.6
61.1
59.7
65.2
68.3
66.9
58.8
58.6
64.5
65.6
65.9
57.3
56.5
65.2
67.0
62.4
59.0
59.0
64.7
65.6
62.6
55.2
60.0
64.6
64.9
61.1
57.4
57.7
67.0
66.3
58.0
56.9
61.0
65.4
68.4
59.8
P62.1
60.5
65.9
69.7
60.0
P60.0
59.3
66.7
71.3
60.8
61.7
66.9
71.3
60.8
63.2
66.7
71.9
58.0
Over 12-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
63.6
64.5
69.0
70.4
60.1
62.4
66.7
67.3
68.3
57.3
62.6
64.5
68.3
67.1
57.0
63.3
65.6
69.7
64.0
57.6
61.7
68.5
69.5
62.1
P58.0
61.9
67.3
70.1
61.7
P58.7
58.7
67.7
70.1
61.8
62.2
66.4
70.4
63.8
62.2
68.0
70.5
59.8
61.5
69.9
69.7
59.0
63.5
68.7
69.8
59.3
65.4
66.9
71.3
58.6
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
57.2
42.4
50.0
58.6
40.3
50.4
55.4
52.9
51.8
42.4
47.1
46.8
53.6
50.4
39.6
52.9
41.0
56.1
50.4
44.6
41.4
55.8
52.2
40.6
36.3
45.3
51.4
53.2
46.8
45.3
45.0
47.1
51.1
40.3
57.2
51.1
56.5
55.4
45.3
38.5
48.6
48.9
53.6
42.1
42.8
51.1
55.0
62.2
36.3
48.9
45.3
50.7
61.2
39.9
P54.3
48.2
54.0
55.4
45.0
P48.9
Over 3-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
55.4
46.8
51.8
59.4
37.4
51.4
46.0
51.4
57.9
31.7
44.2
43.5
57.6
51.8
37.1
41.7
46.0
56.8
44.2
30.2
43.5
48.2
54.3
41.7
33.8
37.4
51.1
51.8
34.9
43.9
42.1
51.8
53.6
37.4
43.2
43.9
49.6
55.4
37.1
44.6
48.2
53.2
59.7
38.1
38.5
46.8
52.5
68.3
34.2
P48.9
44.6
55.0
65.8
35.6
P50.7
41.4
50.7
64.4
35.3
Over 6-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
55.4
41.4
54.7
59.7
33.1
45.7
46.0
54.0
49.3
29.1
43.2
45.7
51.4
48.2
28.1
38.1
47.1
54.3
36.7
36.0
41.7
46.0
52.5
36.7
30.9
42.8
48.6
52.2
36.7
34.5
41.0
52.9
55.4
28.4
36.3
42.1
50.4
61.2
31.3
P46.0
43.5
51.8
61.5
33.5
P45.0
43.2
51.4
64.7
35.3
44.2
52.5
66.2
32.7
45.0
51.8
65.1
28.1
46.0
43.5
54.7
54.0
32.7
44.2
47.5
52.5
49.3
25.9
46.0
45.3
54.0
46.0
28.4
47.8
45.3
54.0
40.6
29.5
41.0
50.4
55.4
35.6
P28.4
41.7
49.6
56.8
33.8
P30.9
38.5
50.4
57.2
30.9
38.8
48.6
57.9
32.0
36.3
51.1
58.3
26.6
38.5
55.0
56.5
26.6
39.9
54.3
55.4
25.5
44.6
50.7
57.2
26.3
Over 12-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,
where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1995) are subject to revision.
56
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Total1
1,916.8
276.6
2,113.4
1,927.3 1,929.8 1,929.4 1,932.0 1,933.7 1,933.8 1,934.6 1,933.2 1,936.0 1,931.6 1,934.6
278.0
277.5
277.5
276.3
276.7
277.8
277.4
277.5
278.6
277.3
278.8
2,114.4 2,117.3 2,125.0 2,133.6 2,138.5 2,153.5 2,162.2 2,165.9 2,165.5 2,176.3 2,182.2
1,131.4 1,131.9 1,133.2 1,133.2 1,133.9 1,134.4 1,140.0 1,143.4 1,141.3 1,144.3 1,146.6
13,827.9 13,833.8 13,852.4 13,881.7 13,938.9 13,967.1 13,977.1 14,017.9 14,039.6 14,067.9 14,113.5
13,748.8
1,923.0
276.1
2,117.7
1,131.4
13,782.9
Cobrado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
2,074.6
1,652.5
403.9
616.4
6,773.0
2,076.2
1,660.3
406.1
615.4
6,791.4
2,085.1
1.660.5
408.1
615.1
6,809.6
2,084.8
1,663.4
408.8
615.3
6,825.1
2,086.3
1,663.9
408.7
6148
6,839.6
2,072.5
1,665.4
409.4
615.1
6,867.3
2,089.6
1,663.3
411.4
615.6
6,888.7
2,092.4
1,665.2
411.4
616.4
6,916.7
2,104.0
1,669.5
410.4
612.7
6,938.2
2,104.3
1,672.3
412.6
620.3
6,970.5
2,106.9
1,674.3
412.5
621.6
6,996.9
2,111.0
1,674.1
415.2
621.7
7,014.1
2,118.4
1,678.6
415.9
620.5
7,033.5
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
3,782.9
528.3
527.1
5,937.5
2,931.5
3,796.3
527.2
532.8
5,947.1
2,940.7
3,800.7
526.5
536.8
5,943.9
2,940.5
3,813.7
527.5
537.2
5,942.8
2,954.5
3,831.6
527.6
536.5
5,944.1
2,956.8
3,834.6
528.9
536.4
5,967.9
2,960.9
3,842.5
529.9
533.2
5,971.0
2,945.9
3,858.8
530.8
534.1
5,977.6
2,955.7
3,855.6
529.4
531.9
5,985.1
2,948.5
3,876.3
531.8
532.8
5,973.5
2,954.9
3,896.7
537.3
529 2
5,968.4
2,952.0
3,904.5
531.2
532.6
5,967.4
2,958.8
3,922.5
531.4
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
1,460.8
1,328.4
1,763.3
1,913.3
576.1
1,466.9
1,330.6
1,765.6
1,918.3
577.1
1,459.7
1,333.8
1,772.8
1,910.8
578.6
1,467.2
1,334.7
1,773.8
1,909.7
579.9
1,466.7
1,334.5
1,775.7
1,908.1
580.8
1,475.3
1,341.8
1,783.0
1,914.3
581.4
1,479.6
1,340.3
1,788.7
1,914.9
581.6
1,485.2
1,343.9
1,790.1
1,919.6
583.8
1.490.0
1.343.9
1,788.8
1,916.4
583.5
1,488.6
1,340.0
1,796.5
1,918.2
584.4
1,491.4
1,340.9
1,793.6
1,921.3
586.0
1,492.9
1,346.9
1,797.2
1,920.9
587.9
1,494.6
1,349.5
1,799.8
1,926.5
589.8
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
2,346.6
3,191.6
4,543.9
2,584.8
1,133.8
2,346.3
3,1985
4,547.1
2,592.3
1,134.9
2,355.3
3,193.9
4,541.7
2,593.2
1,135.9
2,361.3
3,203.9
4,537.4
2,589.9
1,135.5
2,359.3
3,209.9
4,551.7
2,590.7
1,135.4
2,364.1
3.217.5
4,557.2
2,603.1
1,133.3
2,365.1
3,217.7
4,557.9
2,604.2
1,133.2
2.372.3
3.220.4
4,569.2
2,609.3
1,130.8
2,371.8
3,225.8
4.590.7
2,610.1
1,141.3
2,372.2
3,229.0
4,581.0
2,612.6
1,134.0
2,372.9
3,232.8
4,577.4
2,618.2
1,133.6
2.384.8
3,234.6
4,570.6
2,627.3
1,131.7
2,391.0
3,235.8
4,578.8
2,631.8
1,131.2
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
2,708.5
3764
882.6
943.9
591.2
2,717.6
376.8
886.7
946.7
591.5
2,711.8
378.2
880.5
949.9
593.7
2,706.4
378.2
879.6
949.9
595.7
2,704.0
379.4
875.9
952.4
597.5
2,704.0
380.2
876.9
955.5
597.8
2,704.5 2,707.8
379 7
378.0
879.9
876.7
963.3
960.6
596.5
598.3
2,711.4
381.8
885.9
969.9
598.1
2,705.3
382.1
881.5
979.0
600.2
2,693.1
381.3
881.6
982.5
600.4
2,707.6
384.1
879.2
969.1
596.8
2,711.2
384.5
880.3
990.3
602.2
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
3,821.1
725.3
8,293.1
3,814.5
3,832.7
726.4
8,305.4
3,831.5
319.9
3,840.3
726.7
8,328.0
3.830.3
319.4
3,846.7
729.1
8,334.5
3,824.8
319.7
3,854.8
729.3
8,341.9
3,834.9
321.4
3,861.1
729.7
8,350.6
3,820.2
320.7
3,864.7
730.0
8,353.1
3,817.9
318.0
3,871.6
729.9
8,386.1
3,837.9
317.1
3,871.7
732.0
8,393.2
3,853.7
316.5
3,877.2
731.8
8,420.3
3,846.8
316.6
3,882.0
733.1
8,443.6
3,843.5
316.4
3,888.3
317.5
3,833.2
725.8
8,312.9
3,823.2
319.3
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
5,498.2
1,451.6
1,571.2
5,515.5
460.9
5,501.3
1,454.2
1.573.6
5,526.4
461.0
5,489.4
1,455.8
1,578.7
5,518.8
458.3
5,499.2
1,459.9
1,580.1
5,532.1
459.9
5,498.4
1,465.0
1,584.2
5,528.1
461.1
5,510.5
1,470 9
1,587.0
5,541.1
464.2
5,510.5
1,473.4
1,583.6
5,533.4
461.3
5,521.1
1,477.7
1,582.3
5,533.0
462.8
5,531.2
1,474.0
1,589.9
5,537.3
464.8
5,533.7
1,480.7
1,585.1
5,529.4
465.1
5,521.6
1,482.4
1,581.2
5,543.2
467.8
5,522.4
1,486.5
1,592.2
5,546.0
469.0
5,527.8
1,487.9
1,596.0
5,541.3
468.4
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
1,806.0
363.7
2,653.9
9,046.6
1,034.2
1,812.0
364.9
2,655.8
9,063.9
1,036.9
1,818.8
365.2
2,652.4
9,077.0
1,037.7
1,821.1
366.4
2,652.7
9,099.4
1,040.1
1,822.6
366.2
2,650.7
9,118.6
1,042.4
1,825 1 1,829.3
367.7
366.3
2,657.3 2,663.5
9,137.7 9,155.9
1,046.0 1,046.5
1,838.2
365.5
2,674.7
9,181.4
1,048.5
1,836.3
366.5
2,676.1
9,1996
1,053.0
1,840.7
364.9
2,686.6
9,222.8
1,053.6
1,840.5
364.3
2,673.1
9,235.4
1,057.4
1,842.0
363.1
2,677.0
9,267.8
1,061.4
1,849.6
365.1
2,678.5
9,294.2
1,063.0
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
287.1
3,341.7
2,619.0
722.6
2,725.1
227.4
288.6
3,348.8
2,625.6
724.3
2,731.5
228.0
288.9
3,347.2
2,628.6
726.5
2,727.9
229.1
288.8
3,358.3
2,631.6
728.9
2,730.9
230.3
290.1
3,363.9
2,639.9
725.8
2,734.6
229.6
291.1
3,363.1
2,643.9
723.0
2,740.7
231.8
291.2
291 2
3,368.9 3,378.9
2,645.0 2,643.6
724.4
721.2
2,745.4 2,738.6
229.4
231.9
291.2
3,389.2
2,657.8
725 8
2,742.3
231.3
291.9
3,404.8
2,660.2
728.1
2,748.0
230.9
290.5
3,405.7
2,652.2
725.7
2,743.6
229.5
292.7
3,403.5
2,661.2
7253
2,748.6
231.1
294.0
3,406.1
2,669.5
727.2
2,750.0
231.8
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
1,132.0
See footnotes at end of table.
57
531.7
5,985.2
2,957.9
735.6
8,456.6
3,849.7
318.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
104.6
13.4
148.9
48.4
625.2
106.2
13.4
150.1
484
627.1
107.1
14.1
153.5
49.3
641.7
106.9
13.9
154.0
49.5
632.1
106.6
14.4
154.9
49.4
631.5
106.7
14.4
154.9
49.4
636.6
106.4
13.3
155.1
49.7
650.1
107.2
13.2
156.5
49.6
656.2
108.1
13.3
158.0
49.7
661.7
107.4
13.2
158.6
50.1
662.4
108.1
13.2
158.2
50.7
667.4
107.4
13.4
157.1
50.8
672.1
107.9
13.8
158.5
51.1
678.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
136.7
58.8
22.3
8.8
358.4
135.9
60.5
22.9
8.7
359.7
138.8
61.0
23.9
8.9
361.6
137.4
61.1
24.8
8.9
360.9
138.5
61.0
24.3
8.9
364.7
136.9
61.2
24.3
9.2
365.8
138.5
60.6
23 9
9.2
367.0
137.7
59.9
23.9
9.0
369.0
139.8
60.0
24.1
9.0
369.3
141.0
60.1
24.2
9.1
372.6
140.8
60.8
24.2
9.1
373.4
140.9
60.9
24.0
9.0
374,8
143.3
61.2
24.0
8.9
376.0
Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
189.0
20.1
33.8
240.7
145.3
192.1
20.2
34.1
241.8
145.9
192.6
20.7
35.3
243.1
144.4
191.0
20.7
34.1
243.2
145.5
191.6
20.6
34.1
241.2
144.1
192.8
20.6
33.9
247.5
145.0
193.2
20.7
336
246.6
1443
196.4
20.1
33.3
247.3
144.9
195.2
20 2
33.6
247.1
144.0
192.2
19.8
33.5
245.5
143.2
191.4
20.1
33.6
248.2
142.7
195.5
19.9
34.8
249.0
143.6
194.0
20.1
34.1
249.7
144.6
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
62.1
62.5
84.9
130.7
25.0
62.9
63.8
85.3
130.6
25.1
63.4
64.8
86.2
131.5
26.2
64.2
65.1
87.1
131.7
26.6
62.5
64.1
84.2
132.7
26.7
62.9
662
87.1
133.2
27.4
64.1
66.1
87.4
133.2
27.3
64.5
67.1
88.0
133.5
26.9
64.8
67.3
87.1
131.7
26.9
650
67.3
87.9
132.2
26.8
65.7
67.7
87.0
132.6
26.6
66.5
67.9
88.1
131.6
26.4
65.9
68.1
87.7
132.9
26.8
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
143.7
109.2
188.3
104.5
56.7
143.8
110.6
189.6
106.5
56.8
144.9
113.1
184.1
107.7
58.1
146.2
114.7
190.4
109.0
58.5
144.9
116.1
190.6
109.2
58.2
144.5
114.9
192.3
111.5
57.3
144.3
113.9
192.2
110.3
55.9
144.6
114.3
193.4
108.5
55.7
145.2
114.2
195.0
109.3
55.9
145.1
114.4
192.5
109.6
55.5
144.5
115.5
190.9
111.6
55.6
144.4
115.4
191.1
112.8
55.3
144.6
114.9
194.0
113.8
56.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
132.0
18.6
41.0
86.6
23.7
134.7
18.9
42.7
87.0
24.0
130.0
18.9
41.8
88.6
23.6
132.9
19.3
42.1
87.1
24.2
131.7
19.4
40.7
86.6
24.2
133.7
19.6
40.9
86.8
24.5
134.1
19.8
40.8
86.1
23.8
135.5
19.6
41.8
86.7
24.0
138.5
19.7
41.7
88.4
23.8
135.7
19.4
41.8
88.7
23.7
135.5
19.6
41.7
88 9
23.8
136.1
19.8
41.8
89.5
24.1
134.5
20.1
41.7
90.3
24.1
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
135.6
43.6
287.9
137.4
44.2
292.0
220.5
14.5
138.2
44.4
296.8
220.9
15.6
137.9
43.5
296.5
218.7
15.2
137.1
43.5
297.3
219.7
15.1
136.8
43.3
298 2
217.4
15.4
136.5
43.1
299.8
216.9
15.4
136.9
43.6
301.4
215.1
15.6
136.7
43.6
302.4
215.8
15.3
137.5
43.9
304.0
216.5
15.0
139.0
43.8
304.5
215.7
15.2
138.8
43.7
307.8
14.9
136.7
43.9
290.1
219.3
15.3
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
226.8
55.1
83.3
222.3
15.6
227.6
55.5
84.3
224.5
15.8
228.7
55.6
85.6
222 3
15.2
231.5
54.8
85.1
230.7
15.3
227.4
55.3
85.5
228 8
15 8
228.4
55.4
85.7
230.2
16.4
229.1
555
85.3
228.3
15.8
230.0
56.3
84.1
226.3
16.0
231.9
56.0
83.4
225.9
16.3
230.7
55.6
83.3
224.7
16.3
231.5
56.1
82.8
224.5
16.3
232.5
56.3
84.0
226.3
16.5
232.4
56.5
84.3
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
108.8
16.2
109.6
16.4
126.8
5088
71.5
109.8
16.4
128.8
512.5
71.6
110.2
16.6
128.0
518.0
71.2
111.0
16.7
126.2
518.7
70.9
111.6
16.7
128.1
523.1
71.6
111.6
16.8
128.0
523.5
72.3
112.3
16.6
128.6
523.9
72.9
112.0
16.4
131.1
528.7
73.4
1129
16.0
132.2
530.0
73.2
113.7
16.1
133.1
531.0
73.4
114.5
16.0
134.1
532.8
75.3
114.9
17.0
126.0
508.2
70.7
134.3
534.8
76.3
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ...
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
13.9
192.4
144.0
35.0
114.9
15.7
14.4
192.9
145.0
35.7
116.7
15.9
15.1
193 0
146.3
35.5
116.2
16.6
15.0
194.7
146.6
36.9
117.7
16.7
15.1
194.9
147.3
34.6
118.5
16.5
15.7
196.8
147.8
34.5
121.3
17.0
14.9
196.4
148.4
33.9
118.3
17.0
14.5
196.6
149.4
34.2
116.3
16.3
14.1
196.6
151.7
34.5
116.2
16.6
14.1
197.8
151.2
34.7
116.8
16.4
14.1
200.0
151.2
33.7
117.5
16.5
14.4
200.9
152.9
33.7
116.8
16.7
14.4
202.3
153.1
34.5
118.0
16.9
218.4
See footnotes at end of table.
58
216.0
16.6
228.9
16.8
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
I
Apr
I
May
| June |
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
| Nov.P
Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
374.4
15.1
218.2
253.8
1,960.6
374.9
13.4
218.6
254.1
1,959.5
375.5
15.7
217.4
254.5
1,959.0
373.1
15.4
217.5
254.2
1,952.9
372.6
14.3
218.0
253.7
1,948.9
370.9
13.2
218.4
252.8
1,950.0
371.6
14.1
218.4
253.0
1,950.9
369.7
13.9
2190
251.8
1,950.4
370.7
14.4
218.1
252.4
1,945.0
366.8
15.3
218.3
251.3
1,947.7
366.1
15.8
218.3
251.5
1,953.6
366.3
15.1
2186
251.5
1,947.5
206.0
276.4
60.5
12.5
206.0
276.3
59.8
12.1
497.5
206.3
276.0
59.7
12.2
498.0
206.5
276.7
59.7
12.1
496.9
206.2
276.3
59.1
12.1
498.6
206.4
275.8
59.8
12.1
498.1
206.0
274.1
59.9
12.0
497.8
205.3
273.3
57.4
12.1
497.5
205.0
273.1
59.7
12.2
497.7
204.7
272.6
59.5
12.1
496.5
204.2
271.1
59.1
12.3
496.4
366.6
14.3
220.1
251.6
1,949.7
204.8
271.4
59.4
12.2
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Fbrida
498.0
205.6
275.6
606
12.6
498.5
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
595.7
16.2
76.2
973.2
684.6
597.0
16.2
76.1
973.1
684.9
596.3
16.2
75.9
973.1
686.5
596.2
16.2
76.4
974.4
686.9
596.0
16.1
76.3
972.0
685.4
594.8
16.2
76.7
972.0
686.9
t>y3.1
16.2
75.7
969.4
683.5
593.8
16.1
75.9
971.6
685.0
587.9
16.1
76.5
968.4
689.5
592 8
16.1
77.7
970.9
688.5
591.1
16.2
76.9
970.4
687.1
589.8
16.4
76.7
966.9
687.4
16.4
76.2
969.0
686.6
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
263.4
214.2
321.9
191.9
85.9
263.6
214.4
321.4
192.0
85.4
262.4
214.8
321.2
191.5
86.6
265.0
214.9
320.3
191.5
86.4
264.8
213.8
320.2
191.1
85.7
265.4
213.3
319.2
190.6
84.6
266.6
213.1
317.6
190.0
84.7
267.6
213.2
315.9
191.1
84.9
268.0
212.6
319.4
191.2
84.7
267.0
211.2
318.5
190.5
84.7
268.2
211.1
319.9
190.6
85.3
265.2
211.1
318.8
190.3
85.1
265.7
210.6
321.0
190.1
85.7
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
176.6
441.5
966.9
445.1
244.3
176.7
4402
966.7
445.0
244.9
176.5
438.4
962.8
443.9
244.3
177.0
436.4
957.9
443.7
241.4
177.0
436.0
963.4
441.0
240.6
177.5
435.6
961.7
441.9
240.1
176.8
435.0
963.2
442.7
239.3
176 8
434.7
963.9
441.7
240.0
179.1
435.2
971.9
440.0
241.0
177.3
435.8
965.2
443.0
240.6
177.9
435.8
963.0
442.8
240.2
177.8
435.6
957.3
444.9
238.7
177.8
435.4
953.5
445.0
237.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
419.6
25.0
117.8
42.5
420.0
25.0
118.0
42.4
107.3
420.6
24.8
118.3
42.1
107.1
417.0
24.9
117.9
41.9
106.8
416.8
24.8
117.7
42.3
106.8
414.7
24.6
117.6
42.3
106.2
413.6
24.6
116.9
42.6
105.8
413.7
244
116.8
43.0
105.9
412.6
24.5
117.8
43.0
106.2
409.8
24.6
117.4
43.2
106.1
406.4
24.4
117.5
43.4
106.2
408.7
24.2
117.3
43.5
106.0
408.9
24.6
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
473.7
44.1
473.6
44.1
915.0
818.4
24.3
474.4
44.3
915.0
817.7
23.9
470.7
44.3
912.5
815.7
23.7
469.0
44.1
909.3
811.6
23.7
469.1
44.1
906.6
811.0
23.8
467.5
44.1
905.2
809.3
24.0
466.3
43.6
905.8
808.0
23.9
466.4
43.4
904.1
806.6
23.6
464.8
43.0
904.3
804.1
23.6
463.7
42.8
903.1
801.7
23.3
462.6
41.8
902.0
800.6
23.3
463.1
42.1
107.3
914.6
820.4
24.2
497.3
589.8
117.4
43.7
105.9
902.1
799.5
23.6
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,093.8
241.7
939.7
78.1
1,091.8
186.1
241.9
938.1
77.9
1,093.6
186.7
242.8
935.3
77.9
1,088.9
186.2
242.2
935.2
78.4
1,086.1
186.5
242.0
934.2
78.3
1,086.8
186.2
241.7
933.5
78.6
1,085.0
186.2
240.9
930.6
77.5
1,086.6
186.9
238.9
931.0
77.8
1,086.3
186.3
238.5
935.5
77.9
1,089.7
186.9
237.4
930.4
78.2
1,084.1
187.1
237.4
929.9
77.3
1,077.6
186.6
239.4
929.5
77.2
1,081.9
187.0
242.1
928.7
77.9
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
363.1
49.8
510.0
1,106.5
134.1
363.2
50.0
509.7
1,106.7
134.1
363.7
50.2
509.8
1,104.5
133.6
362.7
50.1
508.1
1,102.1
133.6
361.9
49.9
505.8
1,100.3
134.2
362.0
49.7
505.5
1,099.4
134.1
361.4
49.3
507.1
1,098.5
133.6
361.4
48.6
505.3
1,098.9
133.8
361.5
48.5
508.1
1,103.6
134.3
359.7
48.3
508.1
1,101.1
133.3
358.7
49.3
507.1
1,098.6
132.8
358.2
49.7
507.3
1,099.0
132.4
359.0
49.9
505.8
48.5
402.5
375.4
488
401.9
374.6
82.1
615.8
10.9
48.5
401.8
373.4
80.5
616.5
10.9
48.3
402.3
371.8
80.9
615.0
11.1
48.5
401.0
371.9
81.8
614.7
10.8
48.7
392.1
369.5
81.7
613.1
11.0
48.9
392.3
368.2
82.0
613.2
11.4
48.7
395.2
366.0
81.5
610.1
11.3
49.1
394.4
364.1
82 6
610.6
11.3
49.1
401 1
362.4
82.5
610.9
11.4
48.9
399.7
360.2
82 8
610.9
11.1
49.0
399.0
358.7
82.8
610.8
11.2
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
186.3
82.2
616.1
10.8
See footnotes at end of table.
59
1,099.7
133.0
49.3
401.0
358.9
82.6
611.3
11.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan
I
Feb.
|
Mar.
|
Apr.
|
May
|
June
|
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
| Nov.P
Transportation and public utilities
92.6
25.8
103.2
69.1
699.2
92.7
25.9
104.0
69.2
701.8
93.6
25.8
105.0
68.4
705.6
93.9
25.8
104.6
68.6
706.9
93.4
25.8
105.3
68.5
707.5
93.9
25.8
105.8
68.7
710.2
93.8
25.5
106.0
68.9
711.8
93.9
26.2
106.0
69.3
715.0
94.2
262
105.9
69.6
717.5
94.1
27.1
106.4
69.8
718.3
94.1
26.7
107.2
69.8
717.8
93.5
26.7
107.6
70.2
720.5
724.1
132.0
76.2
16.8
15.8
343.0
132.2
76.2
16.9
15.8
344.6
132.1
76.2
17.3
16.1
347.4
132.5
76.6
17.3
16.0
347.3
133.0
76.5
17.3
15.8
347.2
133.1
75.9
17.4
15.8
348.9
133.2
75.6
17.7
15.8
350.8
132.8
74.9
17.8
15.5
351.0
132.4
76.1
17.5
15.5
352.9
132.3
75.8
17.9
15.5
355.2
132.9
75.5
17.7
15.5
355.5
134.3
76.1
17.7
15.6
357.6
133.9
77.0
18.0
15.7
358.8
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
246.2
40.4
247.7
40.2
26.4
350.8
146.4
249.8
40.2
26.3
350.4
146.3
251.4
40.1
26.4
352.0
146.4
252.9
40.4
26.3
351.8
145.9
254.5
40.4
26.2
351.9
144.6
255.9
40.4
26.3
352.5
144.9
257.0
40.3
26.3
352.9
145.0
258.6
40.5
26.2
351.7
145.3
260.8
40.3
26.1
351.7
145.4
261.4
40.3
26.3
351.5
145.2
261.6
40.3
145.5
247.2
40.1
25.9
352.0
145.8
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
70.5
76.5
102.2
115.6
23.9
70.8
77.2
102.8
116.3
24.0
70.3
76.9
103.3
115.2
24.2
70.6
77.0
103 9
115.6
24.2
71.0
76.7
104.2
115.0
24.2
71.7
76.6
104.9
115.2
24.1
71.9
76.5
104.8
115.7
24.4
72.4
76.3
105.0
115.8
24.3
72.4
76.3
104.9
115.8
24.3
72.7
76.4
105.3
115.9
24.4
72.9
77.0
106.1
116.5
24.4
73.0
77.2
106.1
116.2
24.4
72.9
77.7
105.8
116.3
24.4
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
109.9
135.4
178.5
129.6
53.0
110.0
135.4
178.2
130.3
53.5
110.8
137.4
180.4
130.5
54.1
110.6
137.7
179.1
130.4
54.3
111.3
137.2
180.1
130.5
54.4
113.2
138.1
180.4
131.6
54.3
113.1
137.7
178.8
131.5
54.0
112.4
138.2
179.7
131.0
54.7
114.6
137.9
179 6
131.1
54.4
114.5
138.3
180.1
130.9
54.6
114.7
139.7
180.3
129.0
55.3
113.6
137.9
180.1
129.1
54.6
113.7
137.3
178.8
128.4
54.5
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
166.1
21.7
57.8
48.2
21.1
166.9
21 8
58.2
48.3
21.1
167.3
22.0
58.1
48.7
21.3
166.9
22.0
58.7
48.7
21.0
165.5
22.1
58.6
48.7
20.9
165.9
22.0
58.8
48.7
21.2
165.7
22.0
58 8
49.2
21.2
165.0
21.9
59.3
49.6
21.4
164.2
22.0
59.5
50.0
21.4
165.1
22.0
59.3
50.5
21.7
163.2
21.9
59.4
51.1
21.5
164.8
22.3
59.3
51.1
21.9
165.6
22.0
59.5
51.1
21.7
261.5
33.9
262.6
34.1
415.5
175.2
17.8
263.4
34 0
415.8
174.9
17.7
263.4
34.3
415.0
174.9
17.7
263.6
34.0
417.0
175.4
18.0
262.8
33.9
416.3
174.7
18.0
263.4
34.1
416.1
174.6
17.9
262.8
34.0
416.3
176.2
17.8
263.8
34.4
416.6
175.6
17.7
263.1
34.1
417.3
177.2
17.7
263.0
34.6
418.3
176.2
17.6
264.5
34.5
419.0
175.8
17.8
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
25.8
350.4
93.7
26.9
107.4
70.7
26.0
352cO
144.4
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ...
412.9
173.7
17.6
261.6
33.9
412.7
173.3
17.7
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
243.0
83.5
76.8
287.5
16.1
242.7
83.5
77.0
287.3
16.0
242.7
84.0
77.6
288.2
16.2
242.4
84.5
77.9
288.8
16.0
242.7
83.9
78.4
288.8
16.2
243.8
83.9
78.3
289.7
16.3
243.5
83.9
78.9
288.9
16.1
243.7
84.3
79.6
288.6
16.1
243.2
84.2
79.9
288.5
15.8
244.3
84.5
80.7
288.1
15.9
244.9
84.7
80.9
288.0
16.0
245.6
85.1
81.1
286.6
16.0
244.7
84.9
81.1
287.5
16.0
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
77.6
16.8
158.2
550.5
59.3
78.0
16.9
158.2
551.6
59.5
79.0
16.6
159.9
556.2
59.5
79.6
16.8
159.7
557.4
59.8
79.1
17.0
159.9
557.5
59.8
79.6
16.9
160.4
559.3
59.8
80.0
16.9
161.6
560.3
60.2
80.1
16.6
162.2
561.4
59.9
79.9
16.5
162.8
562.5
59.8
79.9
16.5
162.3
564.5
60.0
80.4
16.8
162.4
566.0
59.8
80.3
16.7
162.4
568.1
60.3
80.5
16.6
162 2
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.6
174.9
138.4
39.3
128.4
13.9
12.5
175.6
138.8
39.2
128.9
14.0
12.5
176.2
138.6
39.4
128.8
13.8
12.6
176.2
139.4
39.6
128.4
14.0
12.5
176.3
139.3
39.5
128.6
14.2
12.5
178.2
139.7
39.0
128.6
14.0
12.3
179.1
139.6
39.1
127.6
14.0
12.4
180.7
139.5
39.3
127.5
14.1
123
181.9
141.2
39.3
128.7
14.3
12.1
183.4
141.3
39.5
128.2
14.3
12.5
183.4
141.9
39.4
127.9
14.2
12.6
184.5
141.0
39.3
128.9
14.3
See footnotes at end of table.
60
569.2
60.0
12.4
185.3
141.7
39.3
128.8
14.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
I
Feb.
|
Mar.
|
Apr
|
May
|
June
|
July
|
Aug.
| Sept
|
Oct.
| Nov.P
Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
443.3
56.6
504.5
258.2
3,148.8
500.1
356.9
444.9
57.3
506.1
258.3
3,158.5
446.4
569
509.7
258.4
3,154.9
448.5
57.2
510.6
258.0
3,153.5
450.7
57.7
513.5
259.9
3,157.4
450.9
57.9
514.2
259.4
3,154.4
451.9
57.6
514.9
259.2
3,158.4
452.8
58.0
516.5
259.9
3,166.0
453.1
57.5
517.4
260.9
3,168.0
452.0
57.7
519.5
260.7
3,181.7
450.8
57.5
520.1
260.8
3,181.1
452 1
57.7
521.8
261.3
3,188.5
454.5
57.5
522.3
262.1
3,205.1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
880
48.5
1,700.5
500.8
358.9
88.4
48.5
1,702.9
503.4
357.8
88.6
47.4
1,709.0
504.3
359.5
88.8
48.0
1,707.1
504.5
359.1
89.0
47.8
1,714.4
507.2
358.4
89.3
48.3
1,719.7
507.2
358.3
89.6
48.6
1,720.5
510.1
358.7
89.9
48.8
1,729.0
512.4
358.3
90.2
49.3
1,732.8
512.2
359.6
90.3
49.0
1,737.9
513.5
358.4
90.8
50.0
1,740.5
512.7
358.2
909
48.7
1,745.2
91.1
48.7
1,747.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
935.3
131.1
134.2
1.345.4
686.2
936.4
130.7
134.3
1,347.4
688.7
935.6
130.7
135.4
1.352.9
698.9
940.1
130.6
135.8
1.354.3
699.5
947.8
130.7
135.1
1,355.4
699.9
948.1
130.7
134.9
1,358.2
696.3
949.1
130.7
133.9
1,355.2
691.5
954.3
130.8
133.9
1,353.1
693.2
955.1
130.0
133.5
1,354.1
693.5
961.3
130.6
133.5
1,358.0
692.2
962.6
131.6
133.8
1,351.6
690.5
970.4
131.3
133.2
1,351.5
692.1
975.5
131.1
134.2
1,356.0
695.4
357.0
321.0
418.8
447.5
146.2
358.2
322.3
419.8
448.8
146.1
358.7
322.9
421.2
446.2
145.2
360.8
323.9
420.7
444.6
144.9
360.5
325.2
424.6
444.7
145.8
362.7
325.8
425.9
446.8
145.5
362.8
326.6
427.7
448.4
145.9
362.4
327.8
427.9
448.3
146.2
363.1
328.7
428.0
448.1
145.3
363.8
328.7
428.9
448.6
146.1
362.6
328.7
427.5
449.1
146.1
364.2
329.9
428.0
4480
148.2
364.7
331.3
428.1
447.4
149.8
539.3
726.7
1,075.0
620.1
244.0
537.4
727.2
1,076.1
621.3
243.6
540.7
722.1
1,079.3
622.7
244.0
540.5
728.0
1,078.4
620.5
247.3
541.1
730.3
1,082.8
620.5
248.3
542.5
733.4
1,086.7
621.9
246.8
544.0
733.0
1,083.1
623.8
247.0
544.6
733.5
1,083.3
628.7
244.8
544.9
739.1
1,089.3
629.9
244.0
545.2
737.4
1,087.4
629.5
243.5
545.7
737.0
1,086.9
630.2
243.3
544.8
735.5
1,087.0
633.0
243.4
544.1
735.3
1,088.3
636.1
241.2
635 7
1006
214.9
192.3
153.9
638.3
100.8
214.4
193.6
154.9
637.2
101.2
212.7
194.5
154.2
640.2
101.4
211.8
194.7
155.0
640.1
101.5
211.6
195.6
155.8
639.8
101.6
212.5
196.9
154.2
638.6
101.8
213.2
197.4
154.6
637.6
102.2
212.1
199.0
154.7
639.6
101.8
214.1
200.1
154.8
639.6
102.4
213.1
201.5
155.9
637.6
102 6
213.5
203.1
156.3
640.1
102.2
211.8
204.1
156.1
640.5
102.4
212.3
204.8
157.6
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
890.5
172.0
1,675.3
863.6
80.6
895.5
172.2
1,678.4
867.2
80.7
896.2
171.5
1,675 8
873.0
81.3
898.2
172.4
1,676.7
873.9
81.2
900.0
173.0
1,678.2
875.5
81.5
901.9
172.9
1,673.7
878.6
82.1
903.6
172.6
1,678.1
873.5
81.3
904.8
172.9
1.680.0
875.4
81.2
907.8
173.3
1.685.3
875.0
81.3
909.5
173.5
1,686.6
872.5
80.9
910.5
173.5
1,689.3
875.6
81.1
911.2
173.4
1,690.1
874 2
80.6
913.4
174.1
1,695 5
876.3
80.6
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,332.1
333.9
386.5
1,235.8
99.9
1.334.8
334.8
387.7
1,238.7
100.2
1,332.0
334.2
386.6
1,235.3
99.8
1,333.9
335 7
386.5
1.239.3
99.8
1,336.7
337.2
387.8
1,242.9
99.6
1.334.8
338.6
389.9
1,241.2
100.5
1,335.2
339.2
387.7
1,242.5
100.6
1,337.1
339.6
388.9
1,244.4
101.0
1,336.8
337.9
387.8
1,242.2
101.1
1,336.7
339.1
385.8
1,241.9
101.0
1.332.5
3394
387.7
1,242.2
101.8
1,335.1
341.7
389.9
1,239.4
102.7
1,339.7
342.4
390.8
1,236.6
102.5
437.4
89.3
438.0
91.1
627.0
2,126.3
245.4
440.4
90.6
627.7
2,134.2
244.9
440.0
89.8
628.7
2,142.1
246.6
441.0
91.1
633.7
2,145.0
247.0
442.5
90.9
637.4
2,150.1
247.2
443.2
90.5
637.3
2,153.9
247.7
444.6
89.9
640.1
2,151.4
248.7
445.8
90.0
638.8
2,156.2
248.6
447.1
896
640.7
2,158.3
248.1
449.4
89.9
640 9
2,166.0
249.2
450.7
90.2
640.7
2,124.7
242.6
440.2
89.8
629.8
2,128.4
242.8
2,173.5
248.2
66.0
739.1
633.4
164.5
609.6
52.4
66.0
739.9
635.7
164.4
612.1
52.6
64 9
739.9
635 5
165.6
609.6
52.6
65.5
742.4
636.3
166.8
611.5
53.3
65.7
744.8
639.5
166.9
613.2
52.8
65.5
743.8
641.3
166.7
614.4
53.4
65.0
745.1
641.6
166.1
615.6
53.6
66.2
744.2
641.6
167.1
614.7
53.1
65.9
743.0
643.5
167.0
613.5
53.2
65.9
744.8
645.0
165.8
614.6
53.0
66.2
744.3
644.9
165.0
615.1
52.9
66.5
744.4
648.7
164.8
615.7
53.4
67.0
740.7
651.7
164.6
615.3
53.3
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
629.4
See footnotes at end of table.
61
513.0
360.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan
I
Feb.
|
Mar.
|
Apr
|
May
|
June |
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
| Nov.P
Finance, insurance, and real estate
87.9
12.6
88.1
12.6
143.4
45.0
808.2
88.4
127
142.8
45.1
809.1
88.5
12.7
143.5
45.2
808.7
88.5
12.8
144.1
45.6
808.0
88.8
12.7
144.3
45.5
811.2
88.9
12.7
144.8
45.4
811.5
89.1
12.8
145.0
454
8127
89.4
12.9
146.2
45.4
812.6
89.4
12.9
147.0
45.8
814.9
89.9
12.7
1474
46.0
812.8
90.0
12.6
148.6
46.0
815.0
90.8
12.8
149.8
46.1
814.6
137.8
1385
49.6
29.1
438.9
138.3
138.8
50.1
29.0
439.2
138.3
138.8
500
29.0
439.0
138.4
139.1
50.2
28.9
441.8
138.6
138.7
49.9
28.9
442.9
138.9
138.7
50.1
28.8
444.5
138 6
139.3
50 6
29.0
446.4
138.7
139.4
50.6
29.0
446.3
138.3
139.2
50.8
28.9
448.5
138.5
139.6
51.0
29.0
449.9
138.9
140.5
51.3
28.9
450.2
138.9
140.7
51.6
28.9
451.6
143.6
203.9
35.2
23.3
408.0
144.0
204.9
35.3
23.7
408.8
146.2
206.0
35.2
23.5
407.9
146.5
206.7
34.9
23.8
408.6
146.9
207.2
35.2
23.9
409.7
146.6
207.7
35.0
23.8
410.1
146.3
209.3
35.1
23.8
411.6
146.7
209.9
34.9
23.7
412.6
146.7
210.5
34.9
23.7
409.9
146.6
211.0
35.0
23.6
408.9
147.0
211.7
34.9
23.7
408.2
147.4
212.6
34.4
23.7
408.0
147.5
84.2
62.6
70.4
86.8
30.2
84.1
62.7
70.5
87.0
30.3
83.5
62.9
70.9
86.5
30.7
83.9
63.0
71.0
86.6
30.8
83.9
63.1
70.9
86.5
30.7
84.3
63 2
70.9
86.8
31.0
84.3
63.3
71.3
87.0
31.1
85.0
62.9
71.5
87.5
31.1
85.1
62.9
71.9
87.5
30.9
85.3
62.8
71.8
87.6
30.6
85.5
63.3
71.8
87.4
30.7
85.8
63.8
71.4
87.2
31.0
85.9
63.7
71.0
87.4
30.8
Maryland
Massachusetts ..
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
134.5
219.2
209.5
159.5
42.3
134.9
220.0
209.1
160.0
42.2
136.3
219.3
210.0
159.3
42.7
137.1
220.2
209.0
159.3
42.6
137.1
220.6
209.9
159.5
42.1
137.4
221.5
209.2
159.4
42.2
137.9
221.6
209.1
159.4
42.3
137.2
221.6
209.4
159.2
42.0
137.4
222.1
209.9
159.7
42.2
137.4
222.1
209.7
159.7
42.3
137.7
222 3
210.3
160.0
42.4
137.6
222.4
210.3
160.1
42.9
138.3
223.2
210.7
160.3
42.5
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
164.4
17.3
58.5
44.7
31.5
164.9
17.3
58.6
44.8
31.5
165.1
17.4
58.7
44.9
31.4
165.4
17.4
58 8
45.1
31.5
165.1
17.3
58.6
45.0
31.5
165.2
17.5
58.4
45.1
31.6
165.7
17.5
58.9
45.3
31.5
165.9
17.5
59.0
45.4
31.8
166.3
17.5
59.1
45.6
31.5
166.3
17.7
59.3
45.8
31.9
165.4
17.4
59.0
45.8
31.8
166.1
17.7
59.0
45.8
31.9
165.4
17.9
59.0
45.8
31.8
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota ...
249.8
32.1
739.7
182.6
15.9
250.7
32.2
742.0
183.1
16.0
253.1
32.1
740.8
182.8
16.1
254 1
32.3
740.1
183.4
15.9
254.9
32.1
739.2
183.5
15.8
256.6
32.3
739.8
184.5
15.9
256.5
32.5
740.2
184.0
16.0
256.6
32 6
740.6
183.4
16.0
256.9
32.6
743.1
183.1
15.9
257.4
32.6
744.0
183.1
15.9
257.3
32.7
743.7
184.2
16.0
257.9
32.6
745.9
184.5
16.0
258.1
32.7
747.2
185.5
16.0
Ohio
301.7
74.6
95.4
319.7
29.4
301.9
74.8
95.5
320.0
29.3
303.0
75.4
96.1
320.0
29.0
302.9
75.5
96.6
321.1
29.1
303.2
75.3
96.9
321.4
29.5
302.8
75.4
97.1
3223
29.5
303.5
75.8
96.9
323.7
29.3
304.3
75.9
96.9
324.4
29.5
305.2
76.2
97.1
325.0
29.5
305.4
76.4
97.1
325.4
29.8
305.6
76.7
97.1
325.3
296
306.5
76.8
97.1
325.2
30.0
306.6
77.1
96.8
324.9
30.0
81.2
23.2
81.7
23 3
127.1
507.1
56.3
82.1
23.3
127.4
509.3
56.4
82.3
23.3
127.4
510.2
56.8
82.6
23.3
126.3
5106
57.0
83.0
234
126.7
512.2
57.2
83.5
23.3
127.1
512.2
57.7
83.8
23.6
127.3
513.4
58 2
83.7
23.7
127.5
516.1
58.7
839
23.6
127.6
518.4
59.4
84.1
23.6
127.3
519.7
58.7
84.3
23.6
127.8
523.8
59.5
84.4
23.6
127.6
12.6
177.1
138.2
29.0
145.8
8.6
12.7
177.7
139.3
29.7
146.3
8.7
12.7
179.0
139.0
29.7
146.6
8.7
12.7
179.2
139.6
29.5
146.9
8.7
12.9
179.1
140.3
29.2
147.0
8.8
12.9
179.5
141.5
29.2
147.7
8.9
13.0
180.1
140.9
29.5
147.7
8.7
13.2
180.5
140.6
294
148 4
8.4
13.1
181.4
141.4
29.5
148.8
8.4
13.0
181.3
141.8
29.5
149.5
8.5
13.2
180.4
142.1
29.5
149.9
8.5
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
142.6
45.0
807.6
137.1
137.8
49.2
29.0
437.7
203.0
35.3
232
406.6
127.3
504.6
56.5
12.5
177.6
137.5
28.9
145.4
8.7
See footnotes at end of table.
62
524.6
59.7
13.2
181.0
142.6
29.3
150.2
8.6
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
I
Feb.
|
Mar.
|
Apr.
|
May
| June
j
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
| Nov.P
Services
454.7
69.3
640.7
266.4
4,289.9
456.2
69.4
643.4
267.0
4,304.2
457.0
69.5
632.0
266.3
4,334.1
458.5
69.2
633.3
267.1
4,352.0
456.8
69.2
636.2
266.8
4,366.3
460.1
70.1
640.8
267.9
4,379.9
461.6
463.2
69.6
70.1
6448
648.1
268.4
268.9
4,411 3 4,417.6
461.8
70.3
651.3
271.7
4,426.5
461.7
70.0
654.9
271.4
4,439.1
460.8
70.2
654.3
271.4
4,447.0
459.4
70.8
656.0
272.5
4,464.5
459.4
71.3
659.0
273.0
4,476.4
625.5
517.0
112.9
275.8
2,464.6
626.9
520 1
113.2
2756
2,475.3
629.1
520.0
113.4
275.6
2,484.8
627.5
521.4
113.4
275.4
2,498.7
626.5
520.5
113.0
275.8
2,499.1
611.4
523.8
114.1
275.4
2,514.3
626.8
523.1
115.0
275.6
2,527.5
629.9
526.3
115.0
277.3
2,542.7
636.4
528.6
115.2
278.7
2,556.4
635.9
529.4
115.1
278.9
2,575.3
634.7
529.7
115.4
279.0
2,598.8
639.3
530.0
116.3
279.8
2,603.2
642.1
531.8
115.9
279.4
2,618.4
1,017.6
173.1
127.3
1,794.1
715.6
1.022.1
172.9
131.8
1,801.4
718.6
1,024.4
172.6
133.7
1,790.9
708.9
1,031.1
173.6
133.4
1,793.9
714.9
1,037.1
174.1
133.1
1,794.4
718.5
1,039.2
174.4
132.9
1,808.5
725.6
1,044.4
176.2
131.6
1,818.5
725.6
1,048.1
176.5
132.0
1,820.1
727.2
1,049.2
175.6
129.2
1,822.0
726.9
1,056.2
175.1
128.8
1,809.8
728.2
1,064.4
175.8
128.7
1,805.0
724.2
1,073.6
175.4
130.0
1,818.2
727.2
1,086.2
175.4
129.5
1,821.9
725.3
385.0
340.3
447.1
516.4
171.9
386.7
340.8
447.7
519.2
172.5
381.3
342.0
450.7
517.2
172.1
383.1
341.9
452.2
517.9
172.7
385.1
342.2
452.6
517.2
173.2
388.4
343.8
455.4
521.3
174.5
390.1
342.8
456.7
521.0
174.5
392.9
343.8
459.4
522.6
176.1
394.3
343.2
458.8
522.9
176.5
393.4
343.8
460.0
524.0
177.0
392.2
345.0
459.1
525.9
177.5
395.1
344.5
460.9
525.8
178.7
395.6
346.0
461.8
529.0
178.8
800.4
1,143.5
1,257.4
735.0
261.9
802.9
1,147.2
1,259.6
736.3
262.2
804.0
1,146.0
1,258.2
736.3
261.4
808.3
1,149.2
1,256.7
733 5
259.9
807.1
1,151.7
1,259.0
735.2
260.0
808.4
1,157.5
1,259.5
741.5
260.4
806.7
1,159.6
1,264.1
743.1
263.2
812.4
1,160.8
1,269.1
748.0
262.6
813.7
1,162.3
1,274.0
749.3
265.3
814.2
1,164.3
1,276.7
750.5
264.3
817.0
1,164.8
1,278.7
750.3
263.6
825.5
1,169.0
1,277.0
755.2
264.3
830.5
1,171.0
1,283.5
759.2
264.2
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
767.0
108.5
241.6
403.1
173.7
766.9
108.6
243.2
403.6
173.4
767.5
109.2
240.0
403.0
176.2
761.0
109.4
239.3
404.1
176.9
758.5
109.7
238.1
404.7
178.0
759.5
110.5
237.8
405.7
180.1
759.2
110.6
237.3
409.0
178.6
760.5
110.9
238.8
411.1
180.1
762.4
111.7
238.8
413.4
179.5
763.0
111.6
238.0
420.4
179.5
757.2
111.5
238.3
421.7
180.7
762.3
112.8
238.2
424.0
177.3
768.0
112.6
237.7
423.6
180.6
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...
North Dakota
1,238.1
207.7
2,837.2
951.1
89.9
1,242.3
207.9
2,848.5
956.7
90.6
1,236.7
207.1
2,848.4
960.9
90.6
1,244.4
207.8
2,857.3
960.5
90.4
1,249.9
208.5
2,867.5
959.2
90.7
1,254.4
209.4
2,879.0
964.4
91.1
1,261.2
210.2
2,884.9
962.1
91.2
1.265.2
210.5
2,890.1
961.3
90.3
1.268.7
211.1
2,902.6
9602
90.1
1,269.1
211.7
2,908.4
961.2
90.4
1,270.9
213.2
2,916.1
966.8
90.1
1,273.0
213.8
2,929.0
970.0
90.3
1,274.1
214.5
2,932.7
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,521.9
408.1
424.8
1,522.5
409.1
425.9
1.789.9
157.9
1,518.6
411.1
428.4
1,787.2
156.2
1,520.2
413.6
430.0
1,788.4
158.1
1,521.2
415.4
431.3
1,785.3
158.0
1,531.4
419.6
431.2
1,796.5
159.1
1,533.6
421.8
431.7
1,793.1
158.0
1,537.6
422.0
431.2
1,796.5
157.9
1,538.6
421.3
434.2
1,798.0
159.2
1,540.8
421.7
432.0
1,795.6
159.7
1,539.3
422.5
431.5
1.802.2
160.8
1,540.2
423.5
435.3
1,810.5
161.0
1,538.9
423.8
437.1
1,808.4
160.5
431.6
94.9
712.9
2,577.0
287.3
431.9
95.9
713.7
2,583.3
288.9
434.1
96.7
715.8
2,592.9
288.8
434.5
97.5
715.8
2,604.7
290.9
435.8
96.4
715.8
2,6153
290.3
437.9
96.2
718.6
2,636.1
290.7
437.7
96.3
716.8
2,644.2
291.9
439.4
95.1
717.6
2,650.0
292.9
438.4
96.9
716.6
2,656.0
293.1
438.7
95.3
719.7
2,661.4
295.1
441.7
97.3
87.9
1,045.2
721.1
212.1
710.3
51.6
87.8
1,048.3
725.4
212.5
712.7
51.5
88.4
1,050.7
727.5
211.4
714.5
51.7
88.6
1,053.7
728.9
210.2
717.5
52.3
89.4
1,057.4
730.6
209.9
722.8
51.2
88.8
1,062.4
732.3
211.0
723.3
51.3
88.7
1,068.4
736.5
213.6
724.8
51.5
89.4
1,071.5
737.7
214.6
726.3
51.7
88.2
1,073.7
740.3
213.2
724.5
51.7
89.1
1,073.9
743.7
213.9
726.3
52.3
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
1,785.2
158.0
426.0
95.6
714.2
South Carolina ...
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
2,559.7
284.2
427.2
95.9
715.9
2,569.3
285.2
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
866
1,042.1
720.7
210.2
712.5
51.0
87.2
1,045.7
723.2
211.1
713.2
51.2
See footnotes at end of table.
63
973.7
90.0
721.8
2,671.3
296.0
90.0
1,075.9
744.8
215.3
726.4
52.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1999
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Government
348.6
73.3
342.7
187.9
2,192.9
349.4
73.5
339.6
186.2
2,199.0
348.7
73.4
341.5
186.2
2,198.8
349.8
73.6
341.3
186.2
2,203.6
350.5
73.9
340.6
186.1
2,209.1
350.4
74.0
342.6
186.2
2,215.6
349.3
75.4
341.8
186.1
2,221.4
347.5
73.0
349.8
186.3
2,226.0
347.0
73.4
3549
187.1
2,222.1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Fbrida
323.3
228.6
54.1
225.9
964.0
323.2
229.7
54.4
225.0
964.6
323.9
229.6
54.9
225.9
963.3
325 0
229.2
54.7
225.7
967.3
325.4
230.2
55.1
225.4
968.6
326.0
230.2
55.2
225.3
970.2
325.6
230.3
55.2
225.4
973.4
324.4
231.1
54.2
224.7
973.8
326 1
233.0
55.3
219.0
975.9
326.5
234.3
54.5
226.6
976.2
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
588.2
112.1
103.6
816.5
403.8
589.7
111.9
104.3
812.8
406.0
591.3
110.8
103.5
813.7
402.1
591.5
111.0
104.7
808 2
407.6
593.2
111.1
104.8
809.9
408.5
591.6
111.4
104.9
809.5
407.7
592.5
110.7
105.6
808.7
403.0
593.1
111.8
106.0
810.6
406.8
593.3
112.3
106.2
817.3
395.8
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
236.3
244.4
294.8
368.0
92.9
238.2
242.4
294.7
368.1
93.6
237.9
242 5
296.6
367.0
935
237.3
242.0
296.1
366.8
94.2
236.8
242.5
296.0
366.2
94.4
237.7
246.0
296.6
366.2
94.2
237.5
244.9
300.3
366.0
93.6
238.1
245.9
299.3
367.8
94.2
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
440.9
414.8
660.5
382.9
225 2
439.3
416.6
660.0
384.8
225.5
440.8
416.3
659.2
384.6
225.1
440.2
416.3
658.3
385.2
225 3
439.4
416.7
658.2
386.9
225.6
439.2
415.2
660.0
387.2
226.1
440.9
415.5
659.9
385.3
225.6
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
418.8
79.5
149.8
113.5
79.5
420.9
79.4
150.4
113.9
78.9
419.0
79.4
149.8
114.9
79.5
418.0
78.4
149.8
115 0
79.9
421.3
79.5
149.5
116.2
79.9
420.0
79.2
149.8
116.8
79.6
569.9
177.5
1,421.0
600.7
70.4
570.8
177.5
1,421.8
601.2
70.6
570.3
179.1
1,413.3
597.5
71.7
569.2
177.6
1.424.2
597.1
71.1
569.5
179.7
1,424.4
597.4
71.3
765.8
278.9
260.9
704.3
63.6
766.9
279.3
259.5
707.0
63.7
757.7
278.0
259.8
709.8
63.9
766.2
279.1
260.0
707.6
63.1
310.1
71.2
384.6
1,529.9
179.1
310.3
71.0
384.1
1,529.9
179.9
312.8
71.1
382.4
1,531.6
176.2
46.4
602.5
466.2
139.7
395.5
58.3
46.5
605.0
466.8
140.0
396.3
58.2
46.9
602.9
470.9
141.2
397.6
58.0
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1
2
p
352.7
73.3
356.7
188.9
2,236.1
351.5
73.3
355.2
188 9
2,241.3
328.8
236.9
53.8
226.8
975.3
327.5
236.5
55.8
227.3
979.7
329.1
235.3
55.8
226.6
976.7
596.8
114.8
106.5
817.0
403.7
607.4
118.3
103.6
821.9
408.1
594.3
113.0
105.1
811.3
409.0
595.0
113.7
105.2
818.0
407.3
240.0
245.9
295.5
367.0
94.8
239.1
242.8
300.9
367.6
94.7
242.0
241.0
299.1
367.0
95.3
240.8
245.4
301.0
369.1
94 0
241.6
244.9
301.4
370.6
93.4
442.9
416.0
662.9
384.4
224.9
435.6
413.7
663.9
383.0
232.4
437.1
415.4
662.7
382.3
227.0
434.0
416.5
661.3
386.4
226.8
439.8
417.5
661.6
384.3
226.0
440.6
417.5
663.0
381.1
227.4
422.6
78.1
149.6
117.9
80.5
424.6
76.4
151.0
115.7
79.9
422.7
79.6
153.8
117.2
80.4
420.7
79.4
151.5
117.0
80.9
422.5
78.9
151.0
116.6
79.7
424.3
80.1
150.7
119.3
79.1
423.1
79.9
151.5
119.3
80.1
570.1
179.2
1,424.0
597.3
71.5
570.6
179.4
1,423.3
595.1
71.0
569.9
179.6
1,416.3
594.2
69.6
570.1
178.6
1,428.9
617.6
69.0
568.3
180.2
1,426.6
637.3
69.0
572.1
178.6
1,442.5
620.7
69.7
573.2
180.0
1,449.6
618.2
574.2
180.9
1,448.1
618.8
70.6
768.1
280.9
260.5
706.1
63.5
769.5
282.0
261.2
707.4
63.6
767.7
281.2
260.3
706.1
63.8
768.8
282.9
260.7
701.6
64.3
776.3
282.2
267.0
702.1
64.8
773.4
286.6
266.8
703.1
64.0
771.0
286 2
261.8
711.1
65.8
772.3
286.8
263.5
708.5
65.4
771.0
286.2
261.9
706.5
64.5
312.2
71.5
383.9
1,534.7
177.1
312.1
71.1
383.8
1,538.2
177.4
311.6
70.8
383.0
1,539.2
177.7
312.7
71.1
382.5
1,542.8
177.4
317.6
71.9
391.3
1,541.6
177.7
315.0
73.6
385.6
1,541.2
178.4
317.2
73.9
395.8
1.550.1
178.7
316.2
70.6
381.8
1,553.6
183.9
314.7
70.5
380.7
1,562.7
182.2
316.5
69.1
382.0
1,567.5
182.5
46.5
605.2
469.6
140.1
3963
58.1
46.9
606.8
471.4
140.1
395.5
58.1
46.6
609.2
473.1
140.5
396.1
58.5
47.3
609.1
471.7
139.9
397.7
58.7
47.0
609.9
470.6
141.0
396.5
57.7
47.2
614.7
476.8
139.1
397.6
59.7
47.5
615.1
477.9
141.2
399.9
59.6
47.0
613.3
468.6
141.9
395.6
58.9
47.3
610.6
470.8
141.1
397.6
59.1
47.0
610.2
473.4
141.2
397.4
58.9
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
= preliminary.
351 5
355.9
72.5
72.9
351.2
350.2
191.1
188.0
2,230.0 2,236.2
NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
64
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1998
1999
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
34.6
34.6
34.6
34.5
34.4
34.4
34.5
34.5
34.5
34.4
34.5
34.5
34.5
41.1
41.1
41.0
40.8
40.9
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.3
41.0
Mining
43.3
42.9
43.0
42.9
43.8
44.1
44.0
45.1
44.2
44.3
44.1
44.2
44.9
Construction
39.4
39.5
39.2
38.5
38.6
38.9
39.4
38.9
39.0
39.1
39.1
40.0
38.9
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
41.7
4.5
41.6
4.5
41.6
4.5
41.5
4.5
41.6
4.3
41.7
4.6
41.7
4.7
41.9
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.7
4.6
41.7
4.7
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
42.2
4.6
41.5
40.2
43.8
43.7
43.3
42.2
42.1
41.1
44.1
44.9
41.1
39.6
42.2
4.6
41.7
40.4
43.8
43.7
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.2
43.5
44.3
41.2
39.6
42.2
4.6
41.1
40.3
43.4
43.8
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.2
44.0
45.0
41.3
39.7
42.0
4.6
41.2
40.3
42.9
43.9
43.9
42.1
41.9
41.0
43.7
44.7
41.2
39.8
42.1
4.3
41.2
40.4
43.1
44.0
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
44.0
45.1
41.6
39.6
42.2
4.7
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.3
44.8
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.5
44.4
41.6
40.2
42.3
4.8
41.1
40.4
43.4
44.3
45.2
42.1
42.0
41.5
44.2
45.4
41.5
40.0
42.5
4.9
41.1
40.6
43.6
44.5
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.7
44.4
46.0
41.7
40.1
42.4
4.9
41.3
40.3
43.6
44.4
45.1
42.4
42.4
41.7
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.1
42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.6
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.0
42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.4
44.3
45.0
42.1
42.4
41.6
43.9
45.3
41.5
39.8
42.2
4.7
41.0
40.0
43.9
44.3
45.4
42.1
42.3
41.5
43.5
44.7
41.6
39.6
42.1
4.8
40.8
40.5
43.1
44.5
45.8
42.1
42.4
41.4
43.0
44.1
41.7
39.7
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.9
4.3
42.0
36.6
40.8
37.3
43.4
38.1
42.7
(2)
41.7
37.5
40.8
4.4
41.8
38.1
40.8
37.0
43.5
38.2
42.9
(2)
41.4
37.3
40.8
4.3
41.7
38.5
40.6
37.5
43.5
38.1
42.8
(2)
41.7
37.7
40.8
4.4
41.7
38.8
40.4
37.4
43.7
37.9
42.8
(2)
41.8
37.7
40.9
4.2
41.9
38.6
41.0
37.5
43.6
38.1
43.0
(2)
41.5
38.1
41.0
4.4
41.8
39.9
41.0
37.8
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.9
38.4
41.0
4.5
41.8
39.1
40.6
37.7
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9
41.1
4.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9
40.9
4.4
41.6
40.0
40.9
37.3
43.7
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2
40.9
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.8
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.2
41.0
4.5
42.0
41.0
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.5
41.0
4.4
41.8
42.3
41.2
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.6
37.8
41.0
4.6
41.7
43.5
41.4
37.5
43.3
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.7
32.9
32.9
33.0
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.9
Transportation and public utilities
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.1
39.0
38.8
38.9
38.7
38.9
38.6
38.5
38.1
38.3
Wholesale trade
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.4
38.5
Retail trade
29.0
29.0
29.2
29.0
29.0
29.1
29.1
29.1
29.0
28.8
28.9
28.9
29.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8
Total private
Goods-producing
Service-producing
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
65
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1999
1998
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
146.6
146.8
147.3
146.8
147.0
147.2
147.8
148.3
148.4
148.2
148.8
149.2
149.3
115.5
115.2
115.0
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.6
115.1
114.3
114.6
114.7
115.6
114.7
53.4
51.8
51.0
50.5
50.4
50.1
49.7
50.9
49.8
50.3
50.6
50.4
51.6
Construction
171.3
171.9
171.9
169.1
169.2
170.0
172.8
170.7
170.3
172.4
173.2
179.0
174.2
Manufacturing
107.5
107.1
106.8
106.5
106.5
106.5
106,3
107.3
106.4
106.4
106.2
106.1
106.0
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
111.5
148.1
111.0
149.5
135.3
117.8
110.8
110.4
110.5
147.3
111.9
111.2
110.9
146.9
147.6
147.1
134.9
117.0
135.2
135.9
117.0
136.2
116.8
147.3
138.8
118.1
110.5
147.6
137.5
116.8
137.5
110.4
147.2
136.1
118.1
110.0
147.9
110.4
147.5
135.6
116.2
110.4
147.6
90.3
69.2
89.8
69.4
116.6
91.1
69.8
118.2
90.2
70.5
104.0
105.3
108.0
127.1
172.1
76.0
90.6
71.1
117.0
104.1
106.4
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
;...
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
,
134.6
118.1
90.4
68.0
117.7
89.9
68.0
117.7
105.4
90.0
68.0
115.4
90.0
68.2
117.2
117.0
105.2
105.2
104.4
164.8
75.8
116.9
104.5
106.2
123.4
162.4
75.6
100.3
101.4
101.2
118.9
55.4
81.6
61.4
148.8
102.4
74.5
148.5
101.1
118.5
55.3
81.1
61.4
106.3
122.3
102.3
73.9
149.5
32.4
32.8
32.4
161.8
161.5
161.6
134.1
134.1
133.8
130.2
130.6
131.3
140.9
141.3
138.9
197.8
106.3
105.9
127.3
163.6
75.0
100.3
105.9
125.1
125.9
161.0
75.0
99.5
162.7
75.2
99.8
102.1
101.8
119.3
56.2
83.4
63.4
119.3
58.5
101.5
118.8
57.2
82.0
107.1
107.1
123.0
102.2
79.4
122.8
148.1
123.4
102.4
76.2
147.8
33.4
32.7
33.0
160.5
161.0
133.0
105.1
125.3
162.7
74.7
100.0
104.1
105.6
125.5
105.9
125.0
165.9
75.2
100.9
90.4
70.0
117.4
104.4
107.2
126.6
169.9
75.4
117.0
90.2
69.9
117.2
104.2
106.7
125.4
69.9
116.8
104.1
106.7
124.2
167.3
116.9
104.0
106.4
123.0
146.5
137.5
115.7
121.2
163.0
74.7
75.1
75.1
165.5
75.2
101.1
101.1
101.3
100.8
100.3
100.9
100.5
100.9
100.4
100.3
119.1
59.0
81.3
99.9
116.2
49.5
80.0
100.2
117.9
56.2
79.8
60.4
100.5
119.1
58.2
80.2
58.6
106.0
106.0
105.4
57.6
105.3
122.3
101.9
72.9
122.6
121.8
121.5
103.0
75.1
149.2
102.8
73.2
149.2
103.3
72.4
148.6
122.4
102.1
74.4
149.6
105.9
122.1
118.7
54.8
80.0
58.1
105.2
118.6
56.6
59.3
117.7
53.7
79.5
58.6
149.6
150.4
32.0
30.9
31.7
30.9
30.5
30.8
29.5
161.9
162.7
163.2
163.7
163.3
164.1
164.2
164.8
133.6
133.0
133.7
133.2
134.1
133.5
133.3
132.2
133.0
131.3
131.6
131.5
132.0
132.3
132.5
133.1
133.8
133.1
133.7
142.9
141.9
142.6
143.3
143.6
144.4
143.8
142.6
143.1
143.1
143.9
139.1
139.6
139.3
139.1
138.8
139.4
141.2
140.7
140.2
140.5
139.8
140.4
198.3
198.9
198.8
198.9
199.3
200.7
201.1
202.4
202.3
204.0
205.0
205.3
83.1
62.3
62.1
106.7
102.0
77.4
148.5
101.2
118.8
55.7
81.1
61.5
107.0
121.9
101.8
76.4
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
89.9
69.1
116.2
137.4
116.2
89.8
106.7
121.9
102.3
72.5
149.4
168.0
105.6
122.1
102.7
73.9
79.9
57.7
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
66
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Percent change
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Dec. 1998
to
Dec. 1999p
Oct. 1999
to
Nov. 1999r
237,701
1.8
-0.1
0.4
199,027
199,379
1.9
1,210
12,838
39,883
24,040
15,843
13,724
14,179
34,401
14,504
68,000
1,210
13,248
39,852
24,019
15,833
13,674
14,109
34,395
14,463
68,076
1,241
12,916
39,816
23,985
15,831
13,756
14,178
34,612
14,524
68,337
-3.0
2.1
-1.3
-1.2
-1.6
.7
2.9
1.9
1.7
4.0
.0
3.2
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.4
-.5
.0
-.3
.1
2.6
-2.5
-.1
-.1
.0
.6
.5
.6
.4
.4
38,230
37,788
38,322
1.0
-1.2
1.4
Oct.
1999r
Nov.
1999r
Dec.
1999P
236,968
236,815
198,738
1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based
Nov. 1999
To
Dec. 1999P
largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:
ftp://ftP.bls.aov/Dub/special.requests/opt/tableb10.txt
67
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1998
1999
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
$12.98 $13.04 $13.06 $13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.46
14.51
14.53
14.56
14.61
14.67
14.75
14.85
14.90
14.90
14.93
14.97
15.00
15.04
17.18
16.80
13.60
12.90
17.07
16.80
13.64
12.93
16.97
16.83
13.67
12.97
17.00
16.92
13.71
13.00
16.87
16.97
13.79
13.09
17.05
17.08
13.85
13.13
16.96
17.16
13.95
13.20
17.23
17.18
14.02
13.26
17.12
17.15
14.03
13.28
17.09
17.21
14.04
13.29
17.09
17.27
14.07
13.33
16.92
17.32
14.07
13.33
17.10
17.43
14.10
13.36
12.49
12.56
12.58
12.63
12.65
12.68
12.73
12.77
12.79
12.85
12.89
12.90
12.97
15.47
14.30
8.89
14.40
13.08
15.49
14.36
8.93
14.46
13.17
15.51
14.36
8.95
14.49
13.22
15.53
14.42
8.98
14.51
13.27
15.60
14.44
9.03
14.58
13.28
15.65
14.48
9.04
14.60
13.33
15.65
14.56
9.06
14.62
13.38
15.70
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.42
15.70
14.63
9.13
14.63
13.44
15.76
14.74
9.15
14.70
13.49
15.76
14.80
9.18
14.72
13.55
15.80
14.85
9.20
14.72
13.55
15.89
14.95
9.26
14.74
13.62
7.81
8.74
7.52
7.83
8.73
7.54
7.84
8.74
7.56
7.86
8.76
7.58
7.83
8.74
7.53
7.85
8.78
7.55
7.89
8.84
7.58
7.88
8.84
7.58
7.87
8.82
7.57
7.86
8.79
7.56
7.87
8.80
7.58
7.86
8.80
7.57
(4)
(4)
(4)
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
449.11 451.18 451.88 452.30 452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 464.37
596.36 597.18 596.96 596.09 600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.50 616.64
743.89 732.30 729.71 729.30 738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07 756.70 757.09 753.67 747.86 767.79
661.92 663.60 659.74 651.42 655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.80 678.03
567.12 567.42 568.67 568.97 573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.72 587.97
Manufacturing
410.92 413.22 415.14 414.26 414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.71
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
604.88
549.12
257.81
(5)
427.72
608.76
551.42
258.97
(5)
430.66
607.99
552.86
261.34
(5)
432.29
607.22
553.73
260.42
(5)
432.60
607.22
554.58
263.06
(5)
433.23
608.79
559.10
263.65
(5)
436.19
607.59
561.02
264.81
(5)
437.49
610.73
561.79
264.77
(5)
439.49
608.34
567.49
263.52
(5)
439.77
606.76
571.28
265.30
(5)
443.09
601.98
570.24
265.88
(5)
444.44
270.39 270.98 271.40 271.33 269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91 271.47 270.30 271.58 271.30
359.04 358.67 358.53 357.58 357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32 362.58 361.17 361.71 363.56
247.39 248.18 249.33 248.51 247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34 249.14 248.08 248.55 248.31
4
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
608.40
554.50
261.87
(5)
431.60
608.59
575.58
268.54
(5)
446.74
(4)
(4)
(4)
Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
5
68
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Total
127,902 128,028 130,209 130,589 130,694
-
-
-
-
-
Total private
107,489 107,686 109,664 109,891 110,015
88,035
88,188
89,789
89,998
90,078
402
Mining
577
570
534
531
527
439
432
408
405
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
49.6
8.2
14.5
49.6
8.2
14.6
47.6
7.4
14.9
48.4
8.4
14.8
48.2
_
-
37.5
6.8
10.8
37.7
6.8
10.9
36.3
6.1
11.4
37.1
7.2
11.4
_
_
-
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
90.4
84.3
90.4
84.3
82.3
76.5
82.5
76.5
82.8
-
74.5
69.2
74.2
68.9
68.0
63.0
68.5
63.2
-
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
326.5
134.8
187.4
322.1
135.0
182.7
292.7
125.0
164.6
290.5
124.0
163.4
292.3
-
242.5
81.0
157.5
238.9
81.4
153.4
217.7
78.0
137.1
215.7
78.2
135.0
_
-
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
110.5
43.3
36.9
11.5
107.6
42.4
35.1
11.5
111.8
44.2
37.7
11.7
109.7
43.7
36.8
11.5
104.1
_
-
84.0
33.6
_
-
81.4
32.9
_
-
85.5
34.6
_
-
83.9
34.3
-
_
_
-
6,209
6,068
6,549
6,489
6,284
4,835
4,694
5,106
5,050
Construction
_
4,839
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
1,409.3
717.4
27.8
664.1
1,396.0
709.3
27.5
659.2
1,471.5
759.4
29.3
682.8
1,465.9
757.1
29.6
679.2
1,441.7
-
989.5
484.3
11.2
494.0
975.0
475.4
10.8
488.8
1,030.9
516.2
12.0
502.7
1,025.2
514.2
12.1
498.9
_
_
-
Heavy construction, except building
H ighway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
885.0
268.0
617.0
826.4
232.9
593.5
932.9
302.1
630.8
898.9
279.3
619.6
834.8
-
747.3
221.1
526.2
689.5
186.5
503.0
789.1
253.6
535.5
757.3
232.5
524.8
_
-
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
3,914.3
847.2
209.3
748.2
523.8
284.0
263.7
3,845.9
848.2
199.7
751.8
514.8
284.9
255.7
4,145.0
879.3
220.9
789.8
553.8
297.2
280.9
4,123.8
880.9
219.5
789.2
554.9
296.9
276.1
4,007.9
_
-
3,098.4
626.3
173.9
594.3
454.8
215.7
210.0
3,029.1
627.6
163.9
595.6
445.5
216.5
202.2
3,285.9
648.6
184.3
624.9
481.6
224.5
223.1
3,267.1
649.6
182.9
624.3
482.9
225.6
218.7
_
_
_
_
_
-
18,677
18,636
18,413
18,405
18,377
12,846
12,818
12,663
12,655
12,634
11,111
11,096
10,969
10,979
10,979
7,595
7,590
7,503
7,513
7,514
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
822.3
80.7
182.4
141.3
38.1
314.5
125.0
90.3
28.4
27.7
54.4
101.2
77.8
89.1
821.8
80.0
182.5
141.7
37.9
314.9
125.5
90.2
28.6
27.6
54.5
101.4
78.2
88.5
834.9
79.3
180.1
138.8
38.4
330.9
132.4
96.2
28.9
28.1
55.1
101.0
75.7
88.5
832.5
78.3
179.3
138.2
38.3
330.5
131.6
96.3
29.5
28.3
55.2
100.2
75.0
89.0
829.4
_
_
_
-
675.3
63.7
158.8
122.7
33.7
252.7
97.2
73.2
24.0
25.0
46.7
80.9
65.1
72.5
674.3
63.0
158.9
123.0
33.6
252.8
97.4
73.0
24.3
24.8
46.7
80.8
65.3
72.1
685.2
64.0
156.5
120.0
34.2
265.2
103.4
78.0
24.5
24.6
47.1
80.1
63.2
72.3
682.4
63.1
155.5
119.3
34.0
264.7
102.7
78.2
25.1
24.7
47.1
79.1
62.2
72.9
679.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
533.7
282.7
129.5
89.4
17.7
33.9
536.7
284.7
130.2
89.9
18.5
34.2
545.4
287.3
130.2
91.8
18.4
35.4
544.1
287.5
130.2
92.1
19.1
34.6
545.1
_
-
424.6
239.5
112.3
76.0
14.6
26.2
428.5
241.9
113.1
76.6
15.5
26.6
434.4
245.0
113.5
78.6
15.4
27.7
433.2
244.8
113.2
78.7
16.1
26.9
434.1
_
_
_
-
See footnotes at end of table.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
252
253
254
259
69.9
46.9
93.7
40.5
70.1
47.4
93.9
40.6
70.2
50.6
95.3
42.0
70.5
50.6
93.6
41.9
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
571.3
16.6
70.8
25.1
45.7
64.2
17.3
33.5
38.3
236.3
19.2
79.3
119.8
78.6
19.1
2.3
24.6
565.4
16.7
70.4
25.2
45.2
63.1
17.4
33.2
38.4
232.0
19.1
78.5
116.4
78.4
19.0
2.3
24.6
575.8
16.9
69.1
23.4
45.7
64.2
17.4
34.0
36.7
244.3
20.3
83.7
122.1
77.6
18.7
2.0
25.0
574.4
17.2
69.8
23.5
46.3
63.7
17.4
34.0
36.7
242.0
20.2
82.9
120.7
77.9
18.8
2.0
24.9
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
701.8
225.9
155.9
27.7
129.5
78.0
4.6
29.1
37.9
21.9
169.9
22.8
19.9
73.5
91.5
26.3
701.7
226.5
156.4
28.0
128.6
111
4.5
29.0
37.8
21.8
169.7
22.9
20.1
72.8
91.8
26.4
685.5
221.0
152.4
28.3
124.2
77.6
4.5
26.5
36.3
20.9
167.8
22.1
19.5
71.9
90.5
26.0
1,497.9
36.1
29.2
124.9
42.9
69.1
58.1
23.8
19.9
466.7
83.1
80.1
101.8
124.0
32.7
106.1
54.6
51.5
258.9
32.6
116.1
96.4
1,498.0
36.0
29.1
124.9
42.9
69.1
58.3
24.0
20.0
467.5
83.4
80.0
102.4
123.7
33.1
106.0
54.6
51.4
260.0
32.4
116.8
96.8
1,490.7
35.4
28.7
123.0
41.9
68.8
58.9
23.7
20.3
472.6
83.8
85.4
97.9
126.6
33.8
102.3
52.1
50.2
255.0
30.3
114.7
97.0
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
See footnotes at end of table.
70
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
50.8
36.5
70.3
27.5
51.1
37.0
71.0
27.5
50.0
39.3
71.4
28.7
50.2
39.5
69.9
28.8
565.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
447.1
13.1
58.3
22.2
36.1
49.5
12.9
25.7
30.2
183.9
12.3
61.5
95.9
61.3
15.0
2.0
-
442.2
13.3
57.9
22.3
35.6
48.4
13.0
25.5
30.3
180.3
12.2
60.8
93.0
61.1
15.1
1.9
-
450.6
13.5
56.3
20.4
35.9
49.2
12.7
26.5
28.7
191.7
13.4
65.4
98.5
60.1
14.7
1.7
-
448.7
13.9
56.4
20.5
35.9
48.4
12.7
26.4
28.7
190.0
13.4
64.6
97.5
60.3
14.7
1.7
-
439.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
689.0
222.6
154.1
28.3
124.9
77.6
4.5
27.1
37.0
21.6
168.0
22.1
19.5
72.2
90.9
26.2
690.2
223.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
548.7
174.2
121.4
21.0
106.0
64.5
3.4
23.9
29.3
17.6
129.9
18.6
14.6
55.2
74.6
21.8
548.9
175.1
122.2
21.2
105.2
64.3
3.4
23.7
29.4
17.7
129.7
18.7
14.8
54.8
74.7
21.8
536.1
172.2
119.6
21.9
101.4
64.3
3.4
21.5
28.4
17.4
127.2
17.7
14.4
54.1
73.8
21.7
538.6
172.7
120.3
21.7
102.3
64.4
3.4
22.2
28.6
17.6
127.5
17.8
14.5
54.4
74.3
21.9
538.9
173.1
_
_
_
_
_
-
1,492.4
35.4
28.7
122.4
42.0
67.9
58.2
23.8
19.6
472.9
84.1
85.3
97.9
126.4
34.0
103.4
52.8
50.6
256.6
30.6
115.5
97.4
1,495.0
—
—
._
-
1,128.7
30.5
25.2
96.2
33.4
53.0
41.3
17.3
13.1
342.1
61.1
59.6
72.9
95.3
24.1
83.0
44.4
38.6
204.0
24.6
94.8
73.9
1,128.5
30.5
25.2
96.2
33.3
53.1
41.4
17.4
13.1
342.7
61.2
59.2
73.6
95.4
24.3
83.0
44.5
38.5
204.6
24.4
95.3
74.1
1,120.4
30.0
24.8
94.6
32.7
52.6
41.8
16.9
13.9
345.0
60.7
63.1
70.1
97.6
24.3
79.5
42.0
37.5
200.6
22.6
93.7
74.3
1,122.8
30.0
24.8
94.2
32.7
52.1
41.4
17.0
13.4
345.5
60.9
63.0
70.2
97.8
24.4
80.6
42.7
37.9
202.4
22.9
94.6
74.8
1,125.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
._
—
._
_
—
—
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
—
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
1987
SIC
Code
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
142.5
87.1
55.4
40.3
19.4
264.3
24.3
57.3
141.3
86.4
54.9
40.2
19.3
263.8
24.5
57.5
142.2
86.6
55.6
39.6
18.5
261.7
23.5
57.8
Nov.
1999P
142.0
86.5
55.5
39.4
18.3
262.1
23.4
58.1
Dec.
1999P
_
_
-
2,172.5 2,168.4 2,110.7 2,113.0 2,118.3
83.7
83.8
84.4
84.4
24.1
_
24.1
23.7
23.6
59.7
60.7
_
59.6
60.8
_
98.7
98.2
92.3
94.0
_
72.4
69.8
69.7
73.6
_
250.4
250.3
240.8
240.8
91.2
91.1
91.1
91.0
_
16.7
16.9
14.9
15.0
47.2
47.7
_
40.0
40.2
41.6
41.4
41.1
41.0
34.4
34.3
34.2
34.0
348.7
335.2
_
348.5
334.8
42.7
43.0
39.6
39.5
16.7
_
17.3
17.3
16.8
167.3
167.1
163.7
163.7
_
55.1
54.9
52.6
52.0
20.6
20.6
19.7
19.8
_
173.3
174.3
167.9
167.6
13.9
13.9
13.0
13.0
21.8
21.8
20.4
20.3
_
24.7
24.8
24.5
24.3
_
267.1
258.0
258.7
266.0
_
31.2
31.3
30.0
29.9
41.2
41.1
39.6
39.6
_
27.5
26.0
26.1
28.1
36.6
36.3
36.4
36.6
16.4
_
16.4
18.0
17.9
22.6
20.9
_
21.5
20.9
357.7
373.0
370.8
358.0
357.5
195.1
192.3
180.2
181.2
61.0
197.8
135.8
379.9
23.7
308.2
61.0
196.6
135.2
379.8
23.8
308.1
63.4
199.5
139.2
374.6
24.5
304.7
63.1
198.3
137.9
376.7
24.6
306.8
1,677.5
82.2
37.7
44.5
151.1
74.4
56.9
117.2
26.6
16.5
24.6
1,675.0
81.9
37.7
44.2
151.0
74.5
57.0
116.9
26.6
16.6
23.9
1,665.6
82.6
38.0
44.6
145.5
71.0
55.4
119.7
27.7
18.4
22.3
1,668.5
82.8
38.3
44.5
145.2
70.6
55.5
120.4
27.5
18.5
22.7
See footnotes at end of table.
Production workers1
All employees
71
_
_
_
1,674.6
_
_
_
_
-
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
115.0
71.1
43.9
24.0
9.0
192.6
17.4
43.4
113.9
70.3
43.6
24.1
9.1
192.1
17.5
43.5
113.8
70.3
43.5
23.3
8.8
191.8
17.2
44.1
113.8
70.1
43.7
22.8
8.7
192.1
17.3
44.2
1,372.7
54.7
13.5
41.2
70.4
51.6
161.5
61.6
10.0
31.1
22.3
24.1
248.5
27.0
10.8
127.1
39.3
14.7
96.3
8.9
12.3
14.9
169.0
18.1
31.7
14.5
25.5
13.1
15.1
145.7
73.4
1,371.5
54.8
13.4
41.4
70.2
50.5
160.7
61.7
9.7
30.2
22.5
24.1
248.8
26.8
10.8
127.6
39.4
14.9
95.3
8.9
12.1
14.9
169.8
18.1
31.6
14.5
25.5
13.1
16.0
146.5
73.0
1,325.0
55.7
12.5
43.2
63.2
48.2
151.5
61.3
8.3
23.7
21.2
23.9
239.5
24.3
10.2
125.4
37.4
14.7
89.1
8.4
11.3
14.6
164.5
17.2
30.6
15.4
25.8
11.8
14.6
141.9
73.2
1,329.5
56.3
12.5
43.8
65.5
48.2
151.6
61.2
8.4
23.8
21.4
23.6
239.2
24.3
10.2
125.2
37.2
14.7
88.6
8.4
11.2
14.5
164.7
17.1
30.6
15.5
25.9
11.9
14.6
144.5
77.1
23.5
141.3
102.3
285.3
18.9
236.1
23.4
140.1
101.6
285.3
19.2
235.9
23.2
141.8
104.3
277.8
19.4
229.9
22.8
140.8
103.1
278.3
19.4
230.9
1,045.7
54.8
25.0
29.8
103.9
56.9
33.0
93.9
21.4
13.8
18.5
1,045.3
55.1
25.3
29.8
103.7
56.9
32.9
93.8
21.5
14.0
17.7
1,036.1
56.3
26.9
29.4
99.7
54.7
31.8
99.5
24.5
16.6
16.6
1,038.1
56.7
27.2
29.5
99.4
54.3
31.9
100.3
24.2
16.9
17.1
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
_
_
1,334.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,045.9
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
181.6
19.5
61.5
19.8
21.6
82.8
55.8
276.3
124.4
642.0
19.8
274.0
145.0
144.3
26.0
63.3
180.5
19.4
61.0
20.0
21.8
82.8
55.7
277.1
124.1
639.9
19.8
271.6
144.9
144.9
26.0
63.6
176.6
19.0
55.9
20.0
21.6
82.8
53.8
274.7
122.8
641.7
19.3
269.7
143.0
142.0
26.8
61.7
176.9
19.0
56.4
19.9
21.7
83.1
54.0
275.1
123.3
642.3
19.5
270.6
142.5
142.7
26.8
61.9
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
1,891.6
999.7
348.9
42.9
548.3
39.7
522.9
268.0
103.5
151.4
166.7
105.8
60.9
37.4
89.4
61.4
53.9
21.8
1,893.9
1,002.3
348.9
43.3
550.2
40.0
520.8
267.3
103.5
150.0
166.8
105.5
61.3
37.6
89.0
61.1
55.7
22.4
1,837.0
1,001.1
339.7
45.3
553.6
42.0
471.6
239.0
97.6
135.0
165.5
99.5
66.0
33.5
85.8
59.2
56.6
23.2
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
853.5
158.5
298.7
38.5
65.7
75.3
277.3
111.0
94.8
34.4
78.0
6.6
850.3
157.5
297.3
38.2
65.8
74.2
276.7
111.0
95.1
34.7
77.5
6.6
LrOde
Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
389.2
52.0
38.8
16.2
100.4
32.4
68.0
30.0
22.1
12.6
168.5
74.1
384.9
52.0
38.6
16.4
99.2
31.7
67.5
30.1
21.3
11.8
165.9
74.0
See footnotes at end of table.
72
Nov.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
_
_
_
_
645.5
—
_
-
130.2
15.5
40.7
14.9
16.4
52.8
32.5
127.0
56.1
380.4
14.3
119.0
98.5
102.7
20.4
48.3
130.0
15.5
40.5
15.1
16.5
52.7
32.3
126.7
54.6
380.0
14.4
118.3
98.1
103.3
20.3
48.5
127.0
14.3
38.7
15.0
16.0
53.9
31.8
120.3
54.9
378.1
14.7
112.3
97.0
101.3
21.2
46.8
127.3
14.3
39.1
14.9
16.0
54.6
32.1
120.8
54.9
376.8
14.9
111.6
96.6
102.2
21.5
46.9
1,841.0
1,006.8
341.3
45.6
557.1
42.1
469.5
238.2
97.6
133.7
165.3
99.1
66.2
32.8
87.0
60.6
56.6
23.1
1,841.4
1,010.1
_
466.1
_
_
_
_
_
-
1,254.4
761.2
249.7
33.9
429.3
31.9
262.1
113.0
52.0
97.1
126.1
75.6
50.5
27.1
23.4
14.5
39.4
18.4
1,256.9
764.8
250.5
34.3
431.4
32.1
259.6
112.0
51.8
95.8
126.2
75.1
51.1
27.0
23.3
14.4
40.8
19.0
1,218.2
763.5
239.4
36.0
437.9
33.1
228.6
97.0
47.2
84.4
121.9
67.1
54.8
23.6
22.1
13.4
42.6
19.8
1,225.7
771.6
242.4
36.3
442.7
32.9
226.7
96.4
47.1
83.2
123.3
68.2
55.1
23.1
22.2
13.5
42.5
19.7
1,228.0
775.2
_
_
—
-
829.9
151.9
292.5
38.4
63.6
72.9
275.4
110.4
95.7
32.6
71.2
6.3
832.1
151.4
294.3
38.6
63.9
73.6
276.1
110.9
95.8
32.7
71.3
6.3
832.5
426.9
43.3
151.8
26.8
32.9
30.1
165.8
71.9
58.8
24.2
36.4
5.4
426.4
42.7
151.7
26.5
33.3
29.9
165.9
71.7
59.3
24.4
36.2
5.5
422.4
39.5
146.6
25.0
32.7
27.9
163.9
70.9
58.9
23.2
44.0
5.2
422.0
38.7
146.6
24.8
32.8
28.1
164.1
71.3
58.5
23.2
44.2
5.2
419.9
-
393.6
50.6
38.2
16.6
102.8
32.1
70.7
29.6
20.7
11.6
173.3
76.5
392.2
50.6
38.1
16.7
103.1
32.2
70.9
29.4
20.5
11.5
171.9
76.2
387.3
._
—
_
_
_
271.3
36.0
26.4
13.0
68.0
21.3
46.7
20.8
16.0
9.3
117.5
48.2
267.4
35.6
26.0
13.1
66.8
20.5
46.3
21.0
15.3
8.5
115.6
48.1
274.2
35.1
26.0
13.4
69.7
21.1
48.6
20.5
15.3
8.5
120.2
49.1
271.6
34.9
25.8
13.5
69.6
21.0
48.6
20.2
15.2
8.4
118.2
48.5
268.4
_
_
_
_
_
-
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
—
_
—
-
Dec.
1999P
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
7,566
1,697.9
503.1
151.7
100.3
251.1
140.1
39.5
62.6
224.8
17.2
63.1
48.5
125.3
19.2
39.7
209.0
147.5
7,540
1,683.5
502.7
151.5
100.2
251.0
139.3
39.3
62.1
215.1
17.1
57.2
47.1
125.7
19.2
39.6
211.1
147.4
7,444
1,709.4
503.3
152.1
101.8
249.4
140.2
39.0
62.2
239.9
15.9
75.4
54.2
123.1
18.7
39.5
210.6
147.1
7,426
1,693.5
505.9
153.1
103.2
249.6
140.7
39.3
62.3
224.8
15.0
65.1
51.5
122.9
18.8
39.7
212.3
148.8
7,398
1,677.9
5,228
1,251.3
429.2
127.0
79.3
222.9
95.4
32.2
36.6
178.7
13.5
46.1
40.9
89.4
11.8
26.0
143.7
89.1
5,160
1,281.9
428.9
127.7
81.4
219.8
96.6
32.1
37.3
203.2
12.9
64.7
47.6
86.9
11.4
25.8
147.5
92.7
5,142
1,266.7
431.9
128.6
82.5
220.8
97.5
32.6
37.6
187.9
11.9
54.1
45.0
86.4
11.4
25.9
148.6
93.9
5,120
1,253.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
5,251
1,265.5
430.3
127.4
79.5
223.4
95.6
31.9
37.3
188.5
13.7
52.0
42.1
88.4
11.6
25.7
142.3
89.5
61.5
104.9
6.3
3.8
10.4
57.4
34.1
183.3
32.4
97.3
173.3
63.7
102.5
6.2
3.8
9.7
56.1
33.9
182.7
31.9
97.5
170.5
63.5
99.9
5.9
3.5
12.1
51.8
34.6
185.1
32.2
97.9
172.7
63.5
99.1
5.9
3.5
10.7
52.0
34.9
184.2
32.4
98.2
168.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
52.8
83.4
5.1
2.9
9.3
45.6
23.5
89.1
20.2
39.6
124.4
54.6
81.4
5.1
3.0
8.7
44.3
23.2
88.3
19.8
39.5
122.0
54.8
79.0
4.6
2.3
10.8
41.4
24.2
91.5
19.8
40.9
124.1
54.7
78.6
4.6
2.3
9.6
41.7
24.3
92.1
20.0
41.8
119.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
42.3
25.7
42.6
25.7
40.6
25.5
40.8
25.8
41.8
-
33.5
19.1
33.5
19.0
29.5
17.0
29.2
16.9
29.9
-
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yam spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
585.8
69.9
62.5
11.7
21.4
152.3
16.8
36.4
45.4
11.1
21.8
63.3
29.3
20.0
64.9
84.9
61.2
17.0
54.9
583.0
68.9
62.2
11.7
21.3
150.9
16.9
36.2
44.3
10.8
22.0
62.8
29.3
19.5
65.5
85.3
61.8
16.8
54.4
552.6
63.1
58.6
9.5
21.1
137.6
15.7
34.4
37.4
9.2
20.7
60.5
28.8
18.5
66.5
81.9
58.8
16.6
53.8
552.5
62.7
58.9
9.5
21.3
136.7
15.8
34.0
37.1
9.2
20.5
60.9
29.2
18.5
67.3
81.8
58.8
16.4
53.4
549.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
495.0
62.6
53.2
9.8
17.5
128.5
14.5
31.6
38.4
9.9
18.1
52.1
24.1
16.3
54.2
75.0
54.4
14.6
42.1
492.2
61.7
53.0
9.8
17.4
127.0
14.5
31.4
37.3
9.6
18.2
51.8
24.1
15.9
54.6
75.0
54.8
14.3
41.9
468.0
56.5
49.9
8.0
17.2
115.9
13.7
29.8
31.9
8.0
17.1
50.2
23.9
15.1
55.5
73.1
52.6
14.7
41.7
467.6
56.1
50.1
8.0
17.4
115.4
14.0
29.4
31.7
8.0
17.1
50.3
24.1
15.1
56.2
72.8
52.5
14.5
41.3
465.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
-
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
731.5
25.5
175.2
32.9
61.8
28.0
216.9
19.3
31.3
18.1
148.2
723.5
25.4
172.4
32.9
60.1
28.0
213.7
19.3
31.0
18.1
145.3
671.9
22.7
151.7
27.2
51.3
25.4
198.9
17.2
29.6
15.7
136.4
665.4
22.7
148.8
25.5
50.6
25.2
197.3
17.2
30.1
14.9
135.1
654.8
_
_
_
-
584.3
20.4
146.7
28.3
53.2
24.1
169.2
14.2
23.8
13.7
117.5
578.5
20.4
144.4
28.2
51.6
24.2
166.7
14.3
23.5
13.7
115.2
534.0
18.1
125.3
22.6
43.4
21.8
153.5
12.3
22.8
11.3
107.1
529.4
17.9
122.6
21.1
42.7
21.5
152.8
12.2
23.2
10.7
106.7
520.2
226
See footnotes at end of table.
73
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
29.8
21.8
8.0
23.4
8.7
30.6
213.3
17.5
54.8
62.1
29.5
21.8
7.7
22.8
8.8
30.1
213.2
17.5
55.2
61.3
26.1
18.7
7.4
20.8
7.9
30.1
206.5
17.6
53.2
60.2
25.6
18.6
7.0
20.5
7.9
29.6
205.9
17.7
52.8
60.1
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
666.7
152.4
47.5
217.4
132.1
17.0
46.7
237.6
45.9
38.9
23.6
666.8
152.5
47.3
217.6
132.2
17.3
46.6
237.7
45.7
38.9
23.6
654.4
146.2
46.4
214.0
131.2
16.4
45.6
236.6
43.8
37.9
24.2
655.1
146.0
46.2
214.5
131.9
16.9
45.4
237.2
43.7
38.0
24.2
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,569.1
443.9
139.2
125.3
85.7
39.6
92.6
583.8
379.8
183.7
40.8
63.6
50.2
1,569.5
444.6
139.7
125.7
85.9
39.8
92.2
584.6
380.4
183.8
41.0
62.9
49.7
1,551.1
442.6
141.0
121.4
84.6
36.8
91.5
577.6
374.8
183.0
39.7
59.7
48.7
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
1,041.6
113.3
68.6
154.5
78.4
42.0
283.3
222.4
155.5
39.2
40.7
75.6
52.7
137.3
22.3
112.7
51.7
93.3
1,040.8
113.2
68.5
154.3
78.4
42.2
284.3
223.2
154.1
39.4
40.7
74.0
52.4
137.0
22.2
112.5
51.9
93.6
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
140.7
95.0
31.0
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
1,010.3
77.5
5.8
70.4
29.6
111.9
744.7
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
23.9
17.4
6.5
19.0
7.7
23.7
168.2
13.5
46.3
48.0
23.6
17.4
6.2
18.6
7.8
23.8
168.1
13.6
46.5
47.6
21.1
14.9
6.2
17.1
6.8
23.6
163.4
13.9
44.9
46.6
20.7
14.9
5.8
16.9
6.8
23.2
163.5
14.1
44.6
46.8
655.0
507.3
119.4
36.4
168.5
98.7
15.2
37.9
173.6
22.5
30.4
18.1
507.1
119.3
36.3
168.7
98.8
15.5
37.7
173.4
22.1
30.3
18.2
495.9
114.1
35.6
166.5
98.6
14.8
36.9
170.7
20.1
29.5
18.4
497.1
113.8
35.5
167.1
99.5
15.2
36.6
171.8
19.9
29.8
18.5
498.8
1,555.0
445.0
141.4
122.5
84.9
37.6
92.8
578.2
375.3
183.1
39.7
60.2
48.2
1,556.5
843.6
147.6
44.6
58.4
27.4
31.0
44.6
416.3
271.2
129.2
27.8
48.0
33.6
845.1
148.8
44.6
59.1
27.6
31.5
45.0
416.7
271.7
129.1
27.8
47.7
33.1
826.3
147.4
45.6
55.5
26.8
28.7
44.2
408.1
265.8
127.0
26.5
45.1
32.0
828.0
149.1
46.3
55.9
26.7
29.2
44.6
408.8
266.2
127.3
26.5
45.1
31.4
829.5
1,031.7
110.7
66.9
150.1
77.0
40.4
291.9
229.6
153.5
39.6
39.5
74.4
53.0
131.4
20.6
108.6
50.8
90.3
1,032.5
110.1
66.7
149.7
76.8
39.8
293.6
230.8
154.5
40.7
39.5
74.3
53.0
130.7
20.4
108.0
50.5
90.4
1,033.9
584.5
63.9
36.4
100.8
47.3
33.1
127.8
102.4
96.4
21.9
22.8
51.7
27.6
79.6
13.5
64.4
31.3
57.1
585.3
64.2
36.4
100.9
47.5
33.4
128.4
103.2
95.9
22.9
22.9
50.1
27.4
79.9
13.5
64.7
31.2
57.4
584.0
56.4
35.7
99.1
46.0
32.0
135.4
109.8
102.5
28.5
22.7
51.3
27.8
77.1
12.2
63.3
30.7
55.0
584.8
57.1
35.9
98.9
45.9
31.6
136.5
110.6
102.7
29.7
22.4
50.6
27.6
76.6
12.0
63.0
30.3
55.1
585.3
138.3
95.0
28.6
138.4
90.9
32.6
136.7
90.2
31.6
133.4
93.6
62.2
23.3
91.2
62.1
21.0
91.7
58.4
25.2
90.0
57.8
24.1
87.3
1,012.9
78.0
5.8
70.5
29.6
112.0
746.6
1,021.2
76.4
5.4
70.3
29.4
111.5
757.6
1,022.1
76.5
5.4
70.2
29.5
111.2
758.8
1,023.8
783.3
57.1
4.1
53.9
23.1
85.8
582.4
785.5
57.6
4.3
54.0
23.2
85.8
583.8
795.0
57.4
4.0
54.1
23.1
85.7
593.8
795.5
58.1
4.0
54.1
23.1
85.8
593.5
798.8
See footnotes at end of table.
Nov.
1999P
74
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
1987
SIC
Code
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Dec.
1999P
70.9
60.0
9.3
27.5
14.8
6.8
6.5
5.0
58.5
9.5
26.8
14.6
6.7
6.0
4.7
6,947
5,585
80.1
11.5
34.3
19.2
8.4
9.1
78.8
11.6
33.6
19.0
8.3
8.7
72.6
10.8
30.8
17.6
7.0
7.6
72.3
10.6
30.6
17.5
7.0
7.7
8.6
8.4
7.2
7.2
6,713
6,747
6,889
6,905
4,408
230.8
205.2
4,511
227.7
200.7
4,518
227.6
200.6
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Nov.
1998
Nov.
1999P
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
53.6
8.8
24.1
13.3
5.7
5.7
3.6
53.4
8.7
24.0
13.3
5.7
5.7
3.6
51.9
5,615
5,710
5,716
5,757
448.4
215.0
448.9
215.2
462.0
222.1
462.8
222.8
24.5
24.4
25.5
25.5
1,563.1
1,412.8
145.4
1,560.1
1,411.1
144.0
1,633.6
1,475.7
152.7
1,619.9
1,460.7
153.9
105.9
101.9
106.5
104.1
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
4,556
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2
40
4011
4,379
231.0
205.4
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
489.8
237.3
31.1
27.3
159.2
490.6
237.6
31.2
27.6
160.1
503.4
244.5
31.7
29.0
163.0
503.4
245.1
31.7
28.9
163.2
503.5
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air..
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
1,782.3
1,603.8
173.0
1,779.5
1,602.0
171.9
1,860.1
1,670.6
183.7
1,845.4
1,655.2
184.4
1,840.1
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services
44
444
449
181.8
15.4
120.8
177.4
15.4
117.0
182.7
15.1
121.5
178.6
15.0
119.2
175.3
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services
45
451
4512
458
1,218.1
1,039.4
541.4
131
1,252.8
1,072.8
544.9
132
1,252.6
1,065.4
567.3
137
1,278.6
1,091.5
569.1
137
1,322.2
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
13.8
13.8
12.9
12.9
13.2
11.3
11.2
10.7
10.7
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
461.9
220.5
173.0
187.3
463.1
219.8
172.6
189.2
472.0
221.5
173.1
198.7
471.7
220.5
173.1
200.3
473.7
378.1
185.2
145.4
147.9
379.0
184.2
144.8
149.8
387.1
185.7
145.4
158.5
386.8
184.4
145.0
160.3
2,334
2,339
2,378
2,387
2,391
1,484.3
1,015.9
857.6
247.3
117.8
129.5
184.8
1,489.2
1,019.6
860.1
247.0
117.3
129.7
186.1
1,539.7
1,060.6
898.1
248.4
117.1
131.3
192.4
1,546.8
1,065.4
903.1
248.9
117.5
131.4
194.0
1,549.0
1,086.7
719.5
598.7
202.3
1,090.9
723.0
600.2
201.7
1,099.7
724.4
597.4
202.3
1,103.6
727.9
600.8
202.7
149.8
151.1
157.6
156.3
849.8
362.1
135.0
157.5
162.1
850.0
362.3
134.9
157.5
162.1
838.6
359.7
129.7
150.1
165.5
840.6
357.8
129.1
153.1
167.0
841.7
683.6
294.2
104.6
124.3
134.3
683.0
294.6
104.4
124.1
133.7
670.5
286.9
102.2
117.1
137.8
673.2
284.7
102.1
122.2
137.7
6,904
6,899
7,079
7,080
7,076
5,536
5,531
5,671
5,668
4,072
520.9
153.2
288.6
169.6
82.2
87.4
4,074
521.8
154.0
288.6
169.6
81.7
87.9
4,182
534.9
160.6
293.9
174.2
83.9
90.3
4,190
534.0
160.6
293.8
174.4
83.6
90.8
4,202
3,213
413.1
3,214
413.3
3,303
422.8
3,309
422.8
136.2
136.4
138.2
138.0
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
See footnotes at end of table.
75
227.6
5,659
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
. Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1987
SIC
Code
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
268.8
135.6
40.7
940.1
204.9
397.1
194.2
153.0
550.9
231.8
48.5
270.6
306.6
111.6
119.7
831.6
92.0
119.5
335.6
155.6
330.1
120.9
266.0
135.3
40.3
944.6
206.1
398.9
195.3
153.4
550.9
232.1
48.9
269.9
306.3
111.4
120.2
833.1
92.9
119.1
335.6
155.6
328.5
119.7
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
2,832
284.9
170.0
245.0
230.2
936.2
288.3
57.4
109.1
110.0
156.8
154.9
63.9
91.0
157.5
99.5
58.0
556.1
161.8
Retail trade
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
223.5
_
249.9
_
664.2
_
_
_
268.0
-
220.3
_
_
737.9
_
_
157.6
123.5
402.4
_
_
_
249.6
_
_
665.1
_
_
_
265.6
-
234.3
_
_
796.1
_
_
165.2
125.1
398.4
_
_
_
252.2
—
_
670.2
_
_
_
266.1
-
233.5
_
_
802.4
_
_
166.7
125.1
398.3
_
_
_
251.3
_
_
668.5
—
_
_
_
268.6
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
2,874
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
2,323
238.1
_
203.9
187.5
785.8
_
_
89.8
113.8
127.7
_
127.6
_
_
448.3
-
2,317
237.1
_
206.4
184.1
787.1
_
_
87.8
113.8
128.4
128.1
_
443.7
-
2,368
239.7
_
217.8
183.6
797.0
_
_
97.9
114.8
125.0
133.6
_
458.3
-
2,359
239.1
_
218.0
183.5
795.1
_
_
92.9
115.3
125.2
133.9
_
455.5
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
23,241
23,599
20,060
20,407
20,126
20,486
20,827
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
281.5
141.7
43.8
997.1
211.1
427.6
207.0
156.0
559.4
242.0
51.4
266.0
308.5
109.7
123.3
839.6
94.2
122.2
332.3
158.0
330.4
120.8
280.9
141.2
43.8
1,004.5
211.7
432.3
208.5
156.5
561.0
242.7
51.3
267.0
308.3
109.4
123.4
838.5
93.7
121.2
332.4
158.5
332.0
122.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
2,825
285.0
169.2
247.4
226.7
937.4
287.1
57.7
106.1
108.5
156.2
155.8
64.1
91.7
157.9
99.7
58.2
550.1
159.9
2,897
291.3
171.6
263.3
227.3
948.7
288.3
58.0
105.7
118.9
161.0
152.4
62.2
90.2
166.8
103.3
63.5
566.8
165.3
2,890
290.9
173.2
264.4
227.3
944.9
288.8
58.3
101.6
114.4
161.9
152.6
62.0
90.6
167.4
103.2
64.2
566.4
162.1
22,808
23,174
22,883
732.3
_
_
156.8
123.2
402.2
_
_
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
952.7
579.4
64.2
167.8
95.8
951.5
577.6
64.3
169.1
95.1
994.8
612.0
68.2
168.6
100.0
994.8
612.7
68.4
170.3
98.9
991.9
_
-
790.9
488.8
48.3
139.1
79.0
790.3
487.4
48.3
140.3
78.4
831.4
521.6
50.6
140.3
83.2
830.0
521.6
50.6
142.0
82.0
_
-
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,974.5
2,652.6
127.7
194.2
3,062.2
2,718.7
135.8
207.7
2,795.2
2,491.0
119.0
185.2
2,966.2
2,644.3
126.5
195.4
3,085.4
2,742.9
2,783.9
2,506.1
109.4
168.4
2,866.7
2,568 5
116.3
181.9
2,621.5
2,356.3
102.5
162.7
2,796.5
2,513.6
109.7
173.2
_
_
_
-
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3,521.9
3,085.0
52.9
13.9
209.6
3,551.6
3,100.2
55.4
14.7
213.5
3,485.5
3,056.1
48.1
14.7
205.7
3,512.2
3,079.1
48.8
15.5
207.5
3,548.0
_
_
-
3,188.2
2,813.9
_
_
182.5
3,220.1
2,831.5
_
_
186.0
3,155.0
2,787.0
_
178.5
3,177.9
2,804.0
_
180.5
_
_
_
-
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
55
551
2,359.6
1,054.6
2,359.0
1,055.6
2,425.8
1,095.0
2,421.3
1,095.8
2,421.4
1,095.4
1,956.0
885.2
1,952.8
884.8
2,010.0
918.5
2,008.2
919.2
_
See footnotes at end of table.
76
-
-
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
553
554
559
406.2
403.4
695.9
9.6
408.9
702.9
56
561
1,199.5
83.8
562
565
566
279.6
1,250.4
88.3
291.0
1,194.7
77.4
281.8
418.6
218.7
441.7
224.2
410.0
221.4
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
1,067.1
544.5
313.7
1,093.5
553.7
316.5
67.9
454.7
197.9
89.5
69.2
470.6
203.6
1,098.1
555.9
325.0
67.7
474.5
206.1
96.8
90.9
Eating and drinking places
58
7,736.4 7,808.5 7,866.7 7,868.1 7,906.3
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
2,996.7
657.1
112.1
122.0
1,084.1
197.8
143.4
Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
5712
572
573
5731
5735
592
593
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599
5992,3,4
5995
5999
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
693.8
9.6
10.2
Nov.
1999P
407.3
700.4
9.9
1,252.0
79.6
1,309.8
294.1
443.0
227.0
1,116.5
564.6
327.6
1,146.3
68.8
483.1
212.4
94.2
3,189.6
73.7
336.6
7,522
7,646
7,656
7,671
3,645
3,664
3,706
3,718
3,734
2,039.0
1,462.5
580.6
881.9
256.3
149.9
106.4
180.8
2,046.9
1,468.5
587.4
881.1
256.6
149.8
106.8
181.6
2,037.8
1,457.5
592.4
865.1
252.9
146.8
106.1
187.5
2,042.1
1,462.1
593.2
868.9
251.8
146.4
105.4
188.4
2,050.9
1,469.3
711.5
3,021.9
685.3
111.0
128.5
1,065.6
198.6
143.8
96.0
152.6
248.0
48.6
381.1
262.3
67.7
97.7
542.6
151.9
71.0
319.7
7,500
97.0
152.0
248.1
46.9
364.8
247.8
67.6
98.4
568.3
158.0
60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
614
615
616
691.6
187.0
127.5
354.3
699.8
188.2
129.3
360.0
707.9
195.3
133.2
355.7
707.7
194.7
133.5
355.7
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services
62
621
657.9
490.7
660.2
492.7
690.6
516.1
696.5
519.9
622,3
628
26.3
140.9
26.4
141.1
25.0
149.5
25.4
151.2
Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices
67
671
256.5
109.9
257.3
110.9
269.4
117.6
271.4
117.5
See footnotes at end of table.
77
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
306.2
600.4
7.9
303.3
601.8
7.8
321.1
594.6
8.5
321.3
1,013.0
68.3
232.9
377.4
173.4
1,062.0
72.7
243.5
400.0
178.3
997.0
62.4
230.9
362.8
176.3
1,051.3
64.7
243.4
883.6
445.8
909.1
454.0
907.6
454.8
929.0
464.1
54.8
383.0
166.8
56.1
399.0
172.2
84.8
55.2
397.6
171.5
76.3
56.0
408.9
178.3
76.9
3,109.8
690.9
112.3
129.5
1,120.8
203.8
148.6
96.4
156.9
255.1
47.8
383.1
266.2
67.7
100.2
573.0
161.2
74.5
337.3
3,097.2
666.0
114.2
123.4
1,159.7
204.6
154.5
98.1
161.6
260.5
49.7
378.4
260.1
67.4
99.1
556.4
162.6
71.3
322.5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
Dec.
1999P
6,932.8
Nov.
1999P
593.1
8.2
393.4
180.6
81.1
6,997.3 7,059.4 7,063.7
2,511.7
548.0
2,608.9
556.0
2,544.5
591.1
2,629.3
597.3
101.7
918.7
102.9
992.0
107.2
898.1
108.6
952.1
325.5
324.0
311.3
328.2
80.6
446.0
81.7
458.6
80.8
465.8
82.4
468.9
56.5
261.3
57.1
263.8
57.6
274.4
57.6
274.3
5,506
5,518
5,575
5,585
1,463.3
1,034.4
416.4
618.0
1,469.8
1,038.9
422.2
616.7
1,465.0 1,470.4
1,032.0 1,038.0
425.0
425.8
607.0
612.2
251.6
144.1
145.0
149.2
149.9
475.7
106.4
481.4
106.5
470.9
104.5
471.0
104.1
95.0
96.0
100.6
101.3
355.7
700.8
270.6
Dec.
1999P
5,596
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
63,64
2,375
2,379
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
1,620.0
536.4
362.4
294.9
552.7
91.5
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
65
651
653
655
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers
636
Services
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
2,409
2,411
2,415
1,623.8
538.8
364.0
296.2
551.5
92.2
1,636.8
549.7
367.9
300.9
555.6
86.7
1,636.5
551.1
368.5
302.1
555.8
84.1
1,638.2
1,234.7
362.2
290.8
240.9
445.0
1,236.7
363.2
291.3
241.4
444.5
1,249.0
372.0
293.8
243.4
449.7
1,249.5
373.9
294.4
244.1
450.4
754.9
755.4
772.2
774.0
776.4
1,480
586.3
731.7
122.6
1,479
586.6
734.7
117.7
1,531
582.6
777.8
131.4
1,527
582.0
778.2
127.8
1,522
38,101
38,070
39,671
39,584
682.0
195.9
432.0
794.4
203.3
537.6
774.7
203.7
518.4
39,534
33,228
33,173
34,530
34,433
711.8
615.2
164.6
405.9
571.6
165.4
361.2
671.1
171.3
455.9
652.0
171.8
437.0
1,458.2 1,456.6
1,540.2
1,478.4
384.3
385.2
382.4
383.8
368.2
370.9
373.4
373.9
116.9
130.7
125.5
124.1
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
07
074
078
727.4
195.0
478.5
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
1,713.5
1,666.5
1,705.2 1,810.3 1,740.1
1,661.9 1,756.7 1,692.2
1,725.4
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services
72
721
722
723
726
1,167.8
436.3
58.4
417.8
99.7
141.1
1,184.7
438.0
55.3
420.3
99.4
157.0
1,182.2
435.1
61.6
422.0
99.1
151.0
1,184.1
436.6
62.0
423.2
1,201.0
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories
73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
8,907.3
273.3
179.4
147.3
322.0
82.8
962.8
87.6
875.2
259.7
8,902.9
274.3
180.1
148.3
322.0
82.4
958.4
87.0
871.4
259.7
9,465.8
285.7
188.2
151.4
325.6
84.1
1,004.1
91.8
912.3
274.5
9,466.3 9,484.9 7,888.3 7,881.2 8,374.7 8,370.2
196.1
288.9
196.2
205.5
202.8
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
75
751
729
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
190.6
152.6
327.9
85.2
1,003.9
91.8
996.0
3,006.4
1,678.4
387.1
262.9
186.2
264.8
104.4
61.3
1,887.0
606.7
62.0
82.6
1,157.7
203.0
132.8
74.0
645.4
225.5
274.6
62.7
82.2
3,222.2
1,815.0
410.8
304.1
201.3
278.7
120.1
62.1
1,979.2
639.0
63.0
85.2
3,209.8
1,830.3
411.9
308.4
202.2
282.3
122.1
61.3
1,970.7
640.3
63.4
86.1
1,157.7
203.1
133.1
74.1
645.3
225.6
274.6
1,195.5
209.2
139.5
76.7
671.2
235.4
285.9
1,195.9 1,195.1
207.9
138.6
76.4
674.2
236.2
288.0
2,974.8
1,693.8
390.2
265.6
187.6
268.3
106.8
61.3
1,896.2
609.1
78
69.4
859.2
69.2
854.3
69.8
784.5
206.2
30.4
42.6
133.2
68.8
893.7
73.3
820.4
222.2
3,112.7
1,447.6
344.6
3,097.8
1,463.1
330.7
2,879.4
1,361.7
333.5
135.2
137.7
144.5
145.4
78.4
44.9
1,639.4
558.1
50.7
81.7
45.2
1,648.5
560.6
51.0
90.0
47.3
46.9
1,723.5
587.7
52.8
1,713.4
589.9
53.4
935.1
165.8
109.1
64.4
503.4
183.1
205.9
932.5
165.2
109.0
64.5
501.1
183.0
204.7
977.1
169.5
114.5
67.0
535.1
190.8
225.2
979.7
168.7
113.8
66.9
539.4
192.0
228.0
70.9
788.3
206.7
912.1
272.0
39.6
39.4
39.9
52.8
53.5
50.4
181.6
179.6
170.1
169.4
3,376.8 3,350.2 3,630.3 3,620.0 3,623.5
408.1
375.4
410.2
370.4
39.2
50.4
See footnotes at end of table.
99.8
149.2
3,212.0
1,843.1
29.5
42.8
134.4
2,908.1
1,346.8
32.1
45.5
144.6
69.8
893.1
73.1
820.0
219.4
32.3
45.0
142.1
346.3
91.6
Dec.
1999P
34,364
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
754
7542
235.3
125.4
235.2
125.0
238.4
137.1
237.4
138.0
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
388.5
114.2
389.4
114.7
401.6
121.1
402.0
121.3
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
569.0
257.8
131.4
163.1
581.1
258.7
137.6
167.5
601.4
275.9
135.3
170.0
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services
80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
Legal services
81
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
82
821
822
824
2,392.6 2,342.0 2,443.8 2,483.4 2,427.6
686.0
687.1
715.8
723.3
_
1,421.0 1,370.2 1,422.9 1,451.1
_
92.1
92.3
98.3
100.3
-
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
2,705.3 2,714.9 2,826.1 2,849.8 2,856.5 2,344.1 2,351.1 2,436.5 2,457.2
730.1
737.2
765.1
662.9
640.4
772.5
634.3
_
669.1
369.0
370.3
390.5
333.3
333.8
320.1
391.0
319.4
629.6
629.8
649.4
570.8
578.7
555.7
657.6
556.9
657.3
757.9
760.0
789.8
658.7
683.2
688.4
796.4
800.5
656.4
218.7
217.6
231.3
232.3
176.2
186.3
187.2
177.1
-
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
201.5
111.3
201.7
110.9
205.5
121.6
402.6
-
318.0
-
318.8
-
607.6
273.6
139.4
174.1
611.5
_
-
475.7
215.5
_
131.4
488.4
216.3
_
135.9
1,479.6
86.1
1,069.5
179.3
307.8
1,479.4 1,673.0 1,562.5
86.9
86.1
86.4
1,078.3 1,242.3 1,140.5
180.3
193.0
194.6
303.3
352.3
327.0
1,550.8
-
9,902.3
1,831.5
654.2
453.5
165.2
1,760.3
1,348.6
200.4
211.3
3,952.6
3,647.7
81.2
223.7
199.4
656.3
9,914.6
1,837.0
658.2
454.1
166.4
1,758.9
1,347.7
200.5
210.7
3,954.9
3,650.8
81.1
223.0
200.0
653.9
984.6
988.4
91.6
91.6
10012.2
1,878.4
669.7
454.7
166.7
1,757.5
1,343.4
201.6
212.5
3,979.4
3,667.5
81.3
230.6
202.1
659.1
10037.4
1,887.0
674.0
457.4
167.9
1,758.3
1,345.2
202.2
210.9
3,981.9
3,668.6
82.5
230.8
203.5
662.9
93.1
-
329.3
-
328.9
-
_
-
508.5
238.1
_
136.5
512.6
234.6
_
140.1
_
_
_
-
1,456.6 1,348.5
76.3
76.7
1,086.8
986.0
172.0
174.2
308.1
283.3
_
_
_
_
-
10054.6 8,765.1 8,774.5 8,867.8 8,889.7
1,894.0 1,505.4 1,509.3 1,548.2 1,553.6
585.9
590.2
569.8
573.4
378.6
381.0
376.4
377.0
_
_
_
_
—
1,762.2 1,582.1 1,580.2 1,580.2 1,580.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
1,278.4 1,276.2
76.9
77.7
920.5
930.4
158.1
159.9
263.4
267.5
179.7
180.4
179.9
180.0
_
3,988.8 3,619.5 3,622.8 3,643.9 3,649.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
606.7
609.0
601.5
604.5
658.7
93.4
786.5
_
_
_
-
789.3
_
_
-
801.2
_
_
_
-
806.5
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
'_
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
45.6
_
-
_
_
48.4
_
-
_
_
48.7
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
2,360.0 2,366.1 2,395.0 2,395.0 2,404.9
109.3
110.1
113.4
112.7
62.7
62.8
66.9
66.9
143.2
147.3
147.0
145.9
446.3
447.8
462.4
463.2
-
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
3,261.3 3,277.1 3,472.6 3,485.5 3,504.0 2,483.5 2,488.5 2,587.2 2,596.9
918.8
919.1
955.5
784.7
754.7
781.7
959.0
959.6
755.0
694.5
692.9
724.2
599.2
725.3
575.6
577.4
600.6
163.2
164.4
168.7
133.0
170.4
128.7
131.9
127.8
61.1
61.8
62.6
63.3
49.8
50.4
50.6
51.1
635.6
642.0
668.1
455.3
459.0
670.0
446.8
—
445.4
_
_
_
-
_
_
45.4
-
86
861
862
863
864
79
-
-
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
See footnotes at end of table.
Dec.
1999P
204.7
122.5
-
1,005.4 1,010.8 1,013.2
95.7
Nov.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee
1987
SIC
Code
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89
Government
Federal Government
4
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
624.5
234.8
144.0
145.3
1,082.4
355.8
401.1
44.0
627.7
235.4
146.7
145.3
1,088.3
360.9
401.5
44.1
655.9
248.7
149.5
153.2
1,193.1
391.6
446.6
49.3
659.9
248.8
152.5
154.6
1,196.6
393.6
447.6
49.4
55.1
55.2
58.0
58.1
58.7
20,413
20,342
20,545
20,698
20,679
2,640
2,686
1,759.8
2,717
2,739
2,631
4
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2,655.8
653.7
888.2
1,113.9
30.2
31.1
2,677.3
652.7
937.1
1,087.5
30.2
31.1
2,569.4
630.3
863.0
1,076.1
30.3
31.6
Federal Government, except Postal Service
1,828.9
1,801.5
1,768.3
1,764.3
3731
48.7
21.3
48.5
21.2
46.9
21.1
46.4
20.7
806
13.5
344.4
220.5
13.5
343.7
221.4
13.5
344.1
216.2
13.5
341.8
215.9
4,772
86.8
52.7
2,796.9
347.8
2,079.8
209.8
4,733
86.9
52.4
2,758.0
348.9
2,042.1
210.5
4,843
86.8
53.6
2,819.0
349.0
2,091.5
211.4
4,861
86.4
53.1
2,846.7
347.8
2,122.9
211.3
159.5
156.5
167.1
164.7
1,835.3
2,691.9
1,836.1
2,691.3
1,883.7
2,751.6
1,874.7
2,738.0
12,924
450.6
8,673.9
639.3
7,503.5
140.7
12,870
452.4
8,656.0
640.7
7,489.6
141.0
13,071
458.8
8,776.6
649.0
7,567.4
139.6
13,197
459.1
8,897.4
649.2
7,694.6
139.8
390.4
384.7
420.6
413.8
3,799.0
5,420.0
3,762.0
5,380.8
3,835.4
5,503.4
3,840.3
5,502.2
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education
806
82
806
82
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian
Dec.
1999P
1,208.9
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
478.3
162.7
120.1
113.9
804.8
265.5
295.0
29.5
480.1
162.0
122.8
113.7
806.9
269.2
293.4
29.2
474.0
145.7
123.2
120.3
876.2
289.9
321.5
32.6
476.3
144.5
126.3
121.3
876.9
291.3
321.5
32.3
43.2
43.4
45.4
45.2
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
4,818
2,083.2
2,735.0
13,175
7,687.2
5,488.2
employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
80
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Sept.
1998
Oct.
1998
Aug.
1999
Sept.
1999
Oct.
1999
61,101
61,716
61,566
62,499
63,105
50,115
50,337
51,221
51,254
51,461
6,787
6,739
6,674
6,662
6,651
83
83
77
76
75
684
683
721
717
718
6,020
5,973
5,876
5,869
5,858
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
2,969
146.6
168.1
105.7
105.2
339.6
473.0
695.7
405.9
355.5
173.2
2,958
146.5
168.5
105.7
104.3
339.3
472.1
688.5
407.7
353.8
171.6
2,927
151.8
173.1
103.2
100.9
337.8
461.9
672.7
405.9
348.5
170.8
2,923
151.1
172.9
102.4
100.2
338.6
461.4
675.1
402.5
347.2
171.9
2,929
151.6
174.1
102.0
100.3
339.5
462.7
676.4
402.4
346.3
173.2
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,051
590.0
13.8
277.4
553.6
163.3
703.0
336.4
24.5
345.9
42.8
3,015
568.8
14.0
274.2
542.2
162.5
705.2
335.2
24.5
345.7
43.0
2,949
582.3
11.2
258.3
483.6
161.8
699.9
337.8
24.6
350.0
39.1
2,946
583.5
12.8
256.6
484.0
161.1
698.1
337.7
24.2
349.8
38.5
2,929
570.7
13.3
255.6
479.7
160.5
698.9
336.9
23.7
351.0
38.6
54,314
54,977
54,892
55,837
56,454
Transportation and public utilities
2,016
2,034
2,057
2,103
2,113
Wholesale trade
2,111
2,126
2,159
2,170
2,183
11,838
11,866
12,098
12,046
12,040
4,670
4,688
4,819
4,781
4,776
Services
22,693
22,884
23,414
23,492
23,698
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,986
1,134
2,362
7,490
11,379
1,140
2,443
7,796
10,345
1,127
2,282
6,936
11,245
1,124
2,412
7,709
11,644
1,119
2,502
8,023
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
10.7
3.0
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
10.2
2.5
108.3
30.4
6.9
19.3
9.1
5.8
108.3
30.4
7.0
19.2
9.1
5.8
October
1999
November
1999P
1,931.3
480.9
178.4
230.2
164.2
82.2
1,940.0
482.5
179.5
235.0
168.5
84.1
1,949.0
486.1
180.2
235.0
169.9
84.4
2.7
2.7
105.0
29.5
6.3
18.8
8.8
5.4
269.3
130.0
279.4
132.8
271.7
132.1
10.4
2.7
9.2
2.4
8.8
2.3
13.0
6.7
15.3
8.1
13.4
6.9
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa .
Tucson
2,141.2
2,189.3
1,529.1
347.7
2,210.8
1,544.0
352.9
12.6
5.6
2.1
9.9
2.9
1.9
9.9
3.0
1.9
151.0
110.1
20.7
159.6
115.8
22.5
160.7
116.6
22.4
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,139.9
144.7
98.2
311.7
1,153.4
149.6
98.6
311.8
36.6
1,154.8
150.6
98.7
312.5
3.1
48.5
5.6
4.2
14.6
1.1
52.3
5.9
4.4
15.0
1.0
51.2
5.9
4.3
14.8
.9
14,121.4
192.6
292.1
4,058.5
14,222.8
193.3
291.0
142.1
1,018.5
1,351.3
1,026.1
1,352.8
920.0
676.9
930.6
681.2
128.8
1,137.8
1,044.4
692.5
10.9
16.3
127.4
8.5
62.3
72.5
65.8
41.9
688.9
10.8
16.0
141.3
635.0
10.5
15.0
119.0
8.4
55.9
65.4
60.4
38.8
5.8
62.9
40.5
43.3
7.0
10.3
8.9
10.7
13.5
137.6
7.5
Alabama
Birmingham .
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..
Alaska
Anchorage .
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
1,506.2
334.7
36.5
13,854.3
187.6
282.3
4,016.0
139.8
1,318.2
899.7
661.4
123.8
1,121.3
1,032.3
962.0
157.5
178.0
175.7
159.6
257.7
128.3
1,131.3
1.037.9
36.9
4,090.2
969.7
967.2
159.3
160.4
183.3
178.5
(M
<;>
(M 2.8
(M
(M
(J)
(M
237
8.6
.3
4.3
23.7
8.7
.3
4.3
1.7
.8
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2
1.8
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.7
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2
1.2
13.3
( )
13.3
24.7
8.9
.3
4.9
2,086.4
167.7
229.0
2,112.4
170.8
231.7
2,130.2
172.0
233.7
13.9
1,115.4
1,130.5
1,139.2
6.7
1,672.3
190.1
89.8
613.9
259.8
139.8
208.0
87.5
1,688.5
187.5
89 6
612.4
259.2
141.3
207.9
87.1
1,698.6
189.4
90.6
614.4
260.9
141.8
208.2
87.8
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .
406.5
548
317.3
415.7
562
323.8
418.4
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA ..
618.8
2,597.5
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,809.6
156.1
656.5
161.4
117.0
540.4
179.3
184.8
997.3
859.8
157.7
255.5
156.1
1,154.8
488.3
0
6.0
(M
5.9
.8
6.4
64.6
43.4
46 5
126.5
8.5
60.4
71.9
65.0
41.4
6.5
64.5
43.5
46.4
7.2
11.1
9.6
11.5
15.5
7.1
10.9
9.3
11.5
15.3
144.4
8.3
13.5
75.5
144.4
8.5
13.2
75.8
60.6
6.8
4.1
20.7
10.1
5.0
6.1
3.6
63.6
7.1
4.1
21.8
63.0
7.0
4.1
22.1
10.2
5.0
6.1
12.4
73.0
10.2
5.1
6.1
3.5
3.6
56.8
326.6
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
2
22.9
2.6
16.9
24.8
2.8
18.4
24.7
2.7
18.4
623.4
2,650.6
623.0
2,665.6
.1
1.2
.1
1.2
.1
1.3
8.7
135.5
9.1
142.8
8.8
142.0
6,997.2
159.9
665.9
163.3
120.9
555.6
181.9
189.6
1,002.9
889.5
162.4
261.6
158.8
1,199.7
504.3
7,071.4
161.1
673.6
166.5
121.7
558.9
183.2
191.1
1,011.5
896.5
163.4
265.5
160.3
1,215.7
513.4
6.8
7.0
7.0
378.6
.1
.1
360.9
8.1
35.9
14.4
377.4
8.2
.1
3.2
3.2
See footnotes at end of table.
3.1
(M
(M
163.2
264.3
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ...
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
(M
!
3.2
(M
183.4
180.2
163.2
263.0
Colorado
Boulder-Long mont
Colorado Springs
Denver
10.2
2.5
82
)
.3
3.1
)
.3
.3
4.6
29.2
10.2
9.8
35.1
48.7
11.1
13.3
6.2
55.8
28.1
37.1
14.3
4.7
30.0
10.1
10.5
37.4
51.7
12.0
14.0
6.2
58.9
29.0
8.1
37.1
14.4
4.8
299
10.0
10.6
37.3
51.6
12.0
14.1
6.1
58.9
29.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
374.8
52.4
38.4
28.1
18.3
12.4
367.1
52.7
36.6
27.0
18.1
12.6
366.8
52.9
36.5
26.8
18.2
12.5
92.8
30.7
4.0
13.0
6.7
2.5
93.9
31.6
4.3
12.8
6.9
2.6
93.9
31.8
4.3
12.8
6.9
2.6
450.1
117.7
35.9
61.3
39.2
19.7
453.0
117.5
36.0
63.4
39.4
20.3
461.4
118.8
36.2
64.2
40.0
20.7
Anchorage
10.6
1.9
13.1
2.1
10.1
2.0
24.8
13.2
26.9
14.4
25.9
14.3
56.5
32.1
57.5
31.7
57.4
32.4
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
218.2
170.8
29.5
219.1
170.3
30.9
220.1
170.3
32.3
104.0
77.3
13.6
107.8
80.8
13.9
108.3
81.2
13.9
512.7
362.9
72.5
519.9
368.8
71.3
530.5
376.5
73.0
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
253.8
34.1
27.4
33.5
8.6
251.5
34.8
27.4
33.3
8.6
251.7 •
35.0
27.4
33.1
8.7
69.5
10.1
65
21.9
1.8
70.9
10.6
6.6
21.9
1.8
71.1
10.6
6.7
21.9
1.8
261.4
41.5
19.9
72.5
7.3
262.1
43.0
20.1
71.9
7.2
265.4
43.8
20.4
73.2
7.4
1,959.2
9.9
30.5
670.2
26.9
121.8
239.1
112.9
46.5
9.5
127.9
78.4
259.0
17.9
28.5
23.7
19.6
34.0
1,956.0
10.2
32.4
656.0
27.2
124.5
239.9
117.4
47.0
9.9
126.0
77.0
253.7
17.8
29.9
26.4
20.1
35.6
1,948.4
10.1
30.9
656.3
26.7
124.4
240.0
117.6
46.8
10.0
126.2
77.0
252.8
17.8
29.7
24.7
20.0
35.6
703.4
10.6
14.4
227.3
5.5
63.5
47.3
46.8
26.2
5.6
45.7
81.6
29.0
5.2
6.8
12.2
6.7
10.3
727.0
11.1
14.5
235.4
5.7
66.2
49.6
48.4
26.9
5.7
46.6
80.9
29.8
5.5
7.0
13.1
6.7
10.3
728.4
11.1
14.5
236.0
6.0
67.1
49.5
48.8
27.0
5.8
47.1
81.1
30.1
5.6
7.1
12.6
6.4
10.3
3,198.2
43.6
69.1
891.9
34.9
225.8
327.4
230.1
143.5
32.6
253.2
217.5
188.4
38.3
43.8
42.2
40.8
61.7
3,188.9
44.0
68.7
893.8
34.8
225.7
325.9
229.1
142.3
33.3
253.7
217.5
184.1
39.2
44.3
42.1
41.4
61.3
3,255.5
44.4
69.6
906.8
35.4
231.2
328.5
234.6
145.1
33.8
258 3
222.2
186.7
39.6
44.6
42.6
41.9
62.8
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
206.9
32.4
27.2
92.8
205.3
32.1
27.4
91.8
205.7
32.0
27.5
91.7
132.4
4.3
12.0
94.1
133.8
4.7
12.0
96.0
134.3
4.6
11.8
96.7
505.9
36.8
52.5
267.5
511.8
35.2
52.3
271.4
518.7
35.9
52.9
274.5
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
277.6
38.8
19.4
95.9
40.3
24.0
27.0
18.5
272.0
37.3
18.5
93.8
40.0
24.0
26.9
18.6
272.5
37.7
18.7
93.8
40.1
23.9
26.5
18.6
76.7
7.2
3.0
27.1
16.9
6.6
10.6
3.7
77.0
7.0
3.0
27.2
16.5
6.9
10.0
3.7
77.5
7.0
3.0
27.5
16.5
6.8
10.1
3.8
363.8
42.6
22.7
125.8
54.6
28.9
45.1
18.9
361.0
41.5
22.2
125.0
54.5
28.6
43.2
18.6
367.3
42.5
22.7
126.9
55.1
29.3
44.0
19.1
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
60.5
6.3
45.8
59.2
6.3
45.1
59.4
6.3
44.9
17.0
2.0
14.6
17.9
2.1
15.4
18.2
2.1
15.7.
88.8
13.1
64.2
91.1
13.6
64.5
91.9
13.8
65.6
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
12.5
104.3
12.3
106.6
12.2
106.9
15.8
120.1
15.7
125.0
15.7
124.8
49.4
484.5
49.4
482.3
49.6
491.4
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Mebourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
500.0
14.3
40.1
7.1
5.2
40.4
208
27.1
75.1
55.0
10.5
21.5
4.9
89.6
32.9
496.2
14.8
39.6
7.3
5.2
41.7
20.3
26.7
76.1
54.3
9.7
22.4
4.9
90.2
31.7
499.2
14.8
39.6
7.3
5.2
42.0
20.6
26.7
75.7
54.5
9.8
22.9
4.9
90.4
32.4
342.5
4.9
30.5
7.5
2.4
37.5
9.2
5.8
87.8
43.0
7.8
5.2
4.2
50.5
16.7
356.1
5.1
30.8
7.9
2.6
38.0
9.1
6.2
90.8
44.8
8.0
5.1
42
53.6
17.1
358.3
5.2
31.3
7.9
2.6
38.4
9.1
6.3
90.9
45.0
8.0
5.1
4.2
54.0
17.1
1,720.0
42.6
185.6
45.1
24.3
130.6
50.3
44.3
262.1
210.7
41.1
61.3
31.5
266.2
123.0
1,729.6
42.7
185 9
45.1
24.4
131.5
50.9
45.0
259.6
215.6
42.4
60.6
31.7
265.2
126.0
1,767.9
43.1
1903
46.7
25.0
133.9
51.6
45.9
265.3
219.9
43.2
62.5
32.5
271.2
130.3
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
:
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
87.7
35.6
4.7
9.9
10.0
2.4
89.9
36.9
4.7
10.4
10.1
2.6
90.6
37.4
4.7
10.4
10.2
2.6
456.5
143.8
50.4
63.5
44.0
14.7
462.6
143.2
52.5
65.9
46.6
14.7
461.2
144.1
52.8
65.4
47.0
14.7
353.7
68.2
38.7
35.6
37.2
22.3
355.0
67.7
38.5
36.2
38.3
22.8
356.6
68.2
38.7
36.2
38.5
22.8
Alaska
Anchorage
12 5
7.5
12.7
7.5
12.7
7.6
67.0
36.8
70.2
38.0
68.9
37.9
74.5
29.1
74.5
28.6
74.5
28.7
142 5
120.8
13 6
148 5
125.6
13.7
149.7
126.7
13.7
643.2
462.1
108.4
656.7
471.0
113.2
661.6
475.6
114.1
357.0
196.6
74.3
367.8
193.9
80.3
370.0
194.1
81.6
44.8
5.2
3.1
17.5
1.3
45.9
5.6
3.2
18.0
1.3
45.9
5.6
3.2
18.0
1.3
266.6
28.1
26.1
91.5
8.5
275.0
29.6
25.8
91.6
8.7
273.3
29.4
25.5
91.5
8.7
192.1
20.1
10.3
60.2
7.9
192.6
20.1
10.4
60.1
8.0
193.1
20.3
10.5
60.0
8.1
807.3
7.4
14.1
228.1
4.4
55.6
99.8
307
48.4
61
646
107.9
32.6
7.6
10.4
8.5
6.2
14.1
813.4
7.5
14.4
230.5
4.5
56.5
102.6
30 0
49.1
6 1
64.6
104.8
32.9
7.3
10.6
8.4
6.3
13.4
814.6
7.5
14.5
230.9
4.4
56.9
102.6
30.0
49.3
6.1
64.4
104.6
32.9
7.3
10.6
8.4
6.3
13.5
4,302.8
46.5
71.7
1,321.3
35.4
298.9
397.4
237.6
185.6
34.6
366.1
380.7
319.3
48.0
50.7
44.4
42.2
78.0
4,473.4
48.6
75.3
1,348.7
36.2
306.5
415.8
245.1
190.7
36.7
372.8
389.1
328.6
48.9
52.1
44.4
433
81.7
4,489.8
48.4
75.1
1,359.2
36.2
308.4
415.0
247.6
192.5
36.5
373.0
389.2
328.6
48.9
52.0
44.5
42.6
80.9
2,223.7
50.2
67.2
553.3
24.3
173.7
141.0
180.2
172.2
29.5
200.6
125.2
90.3
32.8
27.0
35.7
32.9
44.9
2,246.5
51.7
70.2
562.4
24.4
175.0
144.3
183.2
178.8
30.1
202.7
124.8
91.5
32.7
27.9
36.1
33.4
44.0
2,273.5
52.3
70.1
570.2
24.9
176.0
144.6
186.0
178.9
30.0
204.0
126.4
92.1
33.4
27.9
36.3
34.0
44.7
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
136.5
6.2
12.8
89.9
137.7
6.3
13.4
91.4
138.3
6.3
13.5
91.8
621.8
53.1
75.7
341.3
631.0
56.5
76.3
347.8
638.2
56.9
77.5
351.0
331.4
27.4
36.4
150.1
335.1
27.7
36.8
150.6
337.3
27.8
37.3
151.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
137.5
10.6
4.8
71.1
13.6
3.7
25.2
3.6
139.9
10.7
5.0
698
13.7
3.8
25.9
3.7
140.3
11.0
5.0
69.5
13.7
3.8
260
3.7
519.4
62.9
25.0
175.8
92.4
35.2
76.0
26.9
534.2
62.7
25.8
178.0
93.6
36.0
78.2
26.9
534.5
62.9
25.8
177.3
94.0
35.9
77.8
26.8
235.9
21.2
10.8
97.5
31.9
36.4
18.0
12.3
240.0
21.2
11.0
96.8
30.7
36.9
17.6
12.1
242.7
21.3
11.3
97.3
31.3
37.1
17.7
12.2
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
489
22
42.9
51.1
2.2
44.6
51.2
2.2
44.8
113.3
12.6
93.2
115.8
13.5
95.4
116.2
138
96.1
55.0
16.0
39.5
55.7
15.7
40.2
56.7
15.9
40.9
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
29.0
141.3
28.9
142.7
28.9
143.1
278.5
1,020.6
282.9
1,053.3
282.2
1,056.1
224.8
590.0
225.0
596.7
225.5
600.0
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
..
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Mebourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
437.6
7.1
49.5
8.9
5.1
57.1
8.8
6.3
65.8
50.9
6.2
12.5
6.4
84.6
34.9
449.3
7.1
50.5
91
5.2
57.8
9.1
6.2
66.3
52.8
6.3
12.9
6.7
88.9
36.5
451.6
7.2
50.6
9.2
5.2
57.9
9.1
6.2
66.8
53.1
6.4
13.0
6.7
90.1
36.5
2,456.8
56.4
228.4
52.2
35.9
177.7
50.7
66.3
327.3
360.8
51.3
117.2
42.8
468.1
196.9
2,590.2
59.0
235.1
53.1
38.6
188.2
52.7
69.2
331.4
377.0
54.3
122.3
44.4
501.9
208.6
2,610.5
59.7
237.1
54.3
38.5
188.1
53.0
69.5
333.4
378.8
54.1
123.3
44.7
509.0
211.2
985.0
22.7
86.4
26.0
39.5
67.4
26.1
25.2
143.8
90.2
29.5
24.4
59.9
139.5
55.8
991.4
23.0
86.8
26.3
40.2
67.9
26.5
25.8
141.0
92.8
29.5
24.2
60.5
140.5
55.4
998.3
23.0
87.5
26.5
40.4
68.2
26.7
25.9
141.8
93.2
29.7
24.5
61.0
141.6
56.7
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
f\w nmmm 1 9 4 9 9
.................*
...•».......,
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
^)9rii£l iiOS3
•
••
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
•..
. .
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
.
..
See footnotes at end of table.
84
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
November
1998
November
1999P
November
3.961.1
60.1
7.9
135.7
3,921.6
60.1
76.0
2,153.9
199.2
122.8
150.4
136.8
Hawaii
Honolulu
531.7
401.1
530.4
398.9
534.9
401.7
Idaho
Boise City
535.5
206.0
541.4
211.1
539.6
211.8
3.0
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
5,994.0
86.5
101.2
4,203.8
183.7
57.6
44.5
178.0
6,015.7
6,042.9
10.7
86.3
86.7
101.0
4,244.2
184.1
57.5
44.8
177.8
115.2
100.4
4,230.9
184.1
57.3
44.3
178.3
179.6
115.7
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson .
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,965.3
2,988.0
2,992.5
66.6
66.5
124.5
162.5
61.4
62.8
138.8
68.7
137.9
68.2
66.9
124.5
163.8
278.6
271.0
872.2
54.4
100.1
63.3
137.9
Iowa
1,475.9
69.3
1,506.9
120.9
288.7
52.0
68.2
67.9
75.5
68.5
75.3
Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita
1,340.3
50.7
103.0
289.7
1,356.4
49.7
102.9
289.6
1,361.5
50.2
103.7
289.9
1.2
Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .
1,778.8
284.2
577.8
45.2
1,810.8
288.1
588.4
45.5
1,815.5
289.7
591.8
45.9
23.2
.3
.6
.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,924.5
56.3
1,930.3
56.5
302.1
80.8
170.1
87.3
71.1
307.0
79.1
167.4
88.3
71.9
56.3
.1
1.0
7.1
631.0
176.7
624.2
1,938.3
56.8
308.3
79.1
168.4
88.6
72.0
628.4
176.7
176.9
584.8
44.7
149.6
598.7
45.2
152.2
598.7
45.8
152.8
Georgia
Abany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls..
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
3,8196
59.7
74.7
2,079.8
199.0
120.5
151.2
122.1
160.1
277.0
274.2
863.2
53.3
97.3
119.6
284.4
52.3
October
1999
November
1998
7.8
7.8
1.6
.4
(>
(M 1.6
.4
(M
191.2
3.4
2.7
106.6
12.0
5.6
6.4
8.3
196.3
3.4
2.9
112.8
11.9
5.6
6.1
8.3
196.1
3.5
2.9
112.1
12.1
5.6
6.1
8.3
20.6
15.6
20.2
14.4
20.6
14.4
2.8
34.8
13.8
36.3
14.7
35.1
14.6
10.7
250.5
3.3
3.6
263.5
3.2
3.6
1.7
173.0
9.8
3.9
2.1
8.7
7.6
4.8
182.6
10.1
4.0
2.0
9.4
7.8
4.9
259.8
3.0
3.5
179.0
9.8
3.7
2.1
9.3
7.5
4.8
7.0
148.0
2.8
5.2
10.8
149.6
3.1
5.2
76.9
2,180.0
200.9
123.8
152.5
138.8
179.0
180.0
115.7
277.9
270.6
873.2
54.4
99.2
1.5
.4
(M
1.0
1
(M
1
1.0
1.0
(M
(M
2.9
(M
10.9
(!)
1.7
(
>
( )
( )
(M
7.0
(!)) 1.2
(M
.7
1.7
1
I
(M
(
>
)
)
(
(
7.1
)
)
1.2
1
1
1.2
i
1 i
.8
.8
13.5
22.3
47.5
October
1999
11.6
13.9
20.2
49.7
1.9
November
1999P
147.3
3.1
5.2
11.6
13.6
19.6
6.8
3.4
49.1
1.8
4.0
2.6
6.7
3.3
64.8
6.1
13.2
1.9
2.6
3.3
2.7
70.9
6.4
68.7
6.3
13.5
1.9
2.5
3.5
2.8
13.5
1.9
2.5
3.4
2.7
7.2
63.1
2.2
4.8
69.6
2.5
4.9
68.7
2.5
4.9
1.2
1.2
15.0
15.6
15.5
22.9
.3
.7
.3
23.0
.3
.7
.3
87.3
91.7
14.7
31.0
90.1
14.5
30.8
3.8
52.7
.1
1.0
5.8
16.1
1.1
.2
13.5
2.3
131.4
3.5
34.4
4.3
10.0
11.0
3.5
35.3
10.5
133.3
3.7
17.8
1.2
.2
15.4
2.6
52.8
.1
1.0
5.7
16.2
1.1
.2
13.6
2.3
.1
.1
.1
26.3
1.7
7.3
(J)
(< )
>
.2
1,509.6
121.7
288.6
52.1
70.0
68.2
2.3
1
1
1
1
1 i
1.8
4.0
2.6
7.0
3.3
1 i
i !
1 {
2'
2
2.4
2.3
/1
76.1
85
(M
(!)
68.0
See footnotes at end of table.
November
October
1999
6.9
F 1
1 !
' 1
1 !
r" 1
1 1
! 1
i i
! i
1 !
t
7.1
1)
ji
(1
13.9
30.2
3.5
4.1
2.6
3.9
35.6
4.2
9.0
11.1
3.7
133.6
3.6
35.8
4.1
9.1
11.3
3.6
36.3
9.4
36.6
9.4
28 8
1.7
8.1
28.1
1.7
7.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry • - Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
Transportation and
public utilities
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
Wholesale and retail trade
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
597.2
8.6
11.7
223.3
41.2
21.8
19.7
18.1
591.2
8.4
11.9
220.5
40.2
20.8
19.3
18.2
591.2
8.4
11.9
221.0
40.0
21.1
19.3
18.4
247.6
3.5
1.7
177.6
6.8
4.1
5.6
8.5
263.0
3.9
1.8
188.0
7.0
4.5
54
86
263.2
38
1.8
188.1
7.1
4.5
5.4
8.7
951.5
14.1
18.8
549.4
43.1
26.8
34.7
35.2
973.7
13.9
18.4
564.7
43.3
26.7
34.0
34.9
992.4
14.0
18.8
577.0
44.0
27.3
35.2
35.8
16.2
12.6
16.3
12.6
16.4
12.7
40.5
32.0
40.3
31.5
40.4
31.5
132.0
96.5
131.1
95.8
132.0
96.5
77.1
36.1
77.9
37.2
77.2
37.2
26.2
10.7
26.7
11.8
264
11.6
136.2
49.0
133.7
47.7
136.2
48.4
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Molme-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
974.2
8.7
11.3
656.0
31.7
13.7
8.3
34.1
51.1
4.8
969.6
8.0
11.3
651.0
31.3
13.3
8.1
34.0
52.4
4.7
970.0
7.8
651.0
31.4
13.5
8.3
34.0
52.5
4.8
353.6
3.2
2.6
259.4
10.3
5.1
22
10.3
9.5
4.8
3536
3.1
2.6
260.9
10.2
52
2.1
10.4
9.6
4.8
3552
3.2
2.5
262.4
10.3
5.2
2.1
10.4
9.7
4.7
1,368.3
18.7
21.8
948.9
48.5
12.4
11.1
43.1
37.3
23.8
1,359.1
18.1
21.4
943.1
48.2
12.2
10.8
42.2
36.7
23.5
1,379.0
18.7
21.8
959.5
48.5
12.4
11.1
42.8
37.2
23.9
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
FortWayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Murcie
South Bend
Terre Haute
685.1
9.2
61.7
33.8
76.1
50.3
129.3
20.9
22.4
10.4
22.6
12.1
687.4
9.3
63.8
33.8
75.2
49.1
131.2
21.3
22.6
10.7
21.9
11.8
687.2
9.3
63.6
34.3
75.1
49.0
130.6
21.3
22.8
10.7
21.8
11.7
146.1
1.9
3.0
7.4
13.2
14.7
53.4
1.1
2.4
3.6
5.8
3.0
145.6
1.9
3.0
7.5
13.0
14.8
54.6
1.3
2.4
3.6
5.8
3.0
145.0
1.9
3.0
7.5
13.0
14.8
54.6
1.3
2.5
3.7
5.8
3.0
697.7
15.5
23.0
39.7
65.1
63.6
222.2
11.9
19.9
14.3
34.8
18.8
695.7
14.9
22.6
39.7
64.4
63.0
223.1
11.5
20.0
14.2
34.4
18.4
707.1
15.1
22.7
40.6
65.0
64.3
224.3
11.8
20.6
14.4
34.8
18.4
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls..
264.1
22.3
25.0
12.1
5.1
13.8
15.1
266.4
22.3
24.2
11.9
5.3
14.0
14.8
266.5
22.5
24.1
11.8
5.3
13.6
14.8
70.9
8.4
14.8
1.9
2.0
3.8
2.6
73.4
8.5
16.0
1.8
22
3.9
2.8
73.3
8.5
15.9
1.8
2.2
3.9
2.8
361.2
25.9
73.7
12.4
13.5
16.7
17.5
365.9
25.5
74.6
12.6
13.8
16.4
17.2
369.0
25.4
75.3
12.9
13.8
16.5
17.5
Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita
214.5
5.4
9.8
74.3
210.9
5.5
9.9
72.9
210.9
5.5
10.2
72.6
76.4
1.4
5.8
11.1
77.2
1.4
5.6
11.3
77.5
1.4
5.6
11.4
324.8
12.5
22.8
64.2
331.3
12.0
22.8
64.7
335.1
12.2
23.4
65.1
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
321.4
49.8
88.7
7.0
319.7
49.9
89.4
6.6
320.6
50.1
89.8
6.6
103.5
11.3
43.5
2.3
106.8
11.3
43.9
2.4
107.1
11.3
44.1
2.4
426.0
65.0
141.1
11.6
429.5
65.4
142.8
11.3
435.5
66.6
144.8
11.8
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City .
193.4
3.6
24.4
8.8
14.8
11.7
7.7
49 9
19.2
191.6
3.5
24.6
8.5
14.8
11.8
7.7
49.6
19.1
191.6
3.5
24.5
8.3
15.0
11.7
7.7
49.7
19.2
115.9
2.8
13.4
9.0
10.2
45
3.7
41.5
8.6
116.4
2.8
13.7
9.0
9.8
5.3
3.8
40.8
8.5
116.6
2.8
13.7
9.0
10.0
5.3
3.8
40.6
8.4
453.7
13.7
72.7
18.8
44.6
18.7
17.9
157.0
40.4
448.9
13.7
72.1
18.7
43.6
18.6
17.7
152.0
40.7
453.9
14.0
72.9
18.9
44.1
18.7
17.9
153.7
41.1
87.2
8.0
15.0
85.7
8.0
15.0
87.1
7.9
14.9
24.0
1.8
6.6
24.8
1.9
7.1
24.5
1.9
6.9
149.1
11.6
43.4
151.6
11.3
44.5
152.9
12.0
45.6
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Honolulu
Idaho
Boise City
Illinois
Lewiston-Auburn..
Portland
11.3
See footnotes at end of table.
86
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
fin thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
203.5
2.0
2.5
137.2
6.3
8.6
9.2
4.6
211.4
2.1
2.5
143.7
6.6
9.0
9.3
4.6
213.1
2.1
2.5
144.6
6.6
9.0
9.7
4.7
1,024.1
15.1
16.2
622.8
47.7
32.9
39.9
39.8
1,076.8
15.4
16.6
661.5
48.5
35.3
39.9
41.4
1,093.8
15.2
17.0
672.1
48.8
35.2
40.2
41.8
596.6
13.0
21.1
261.4
41.5
20.7
34.7
21.2
601.4
13.0
21.9
261.1
41.3
20.9
35.4
20.8
603.5
13.1
22.0
263.5
41.9
21.1
35.6
21.1
35.4
28.3
34.8
27.7
34.5
27.3
173.8
125.0
175.3
126.7
176.2
127.2
113.2
91.1
112.4
90.2
114.8
92.1
23.3
11.1
23.8
11.3
23.7
11.4
129.1
53.0
132.3
54.9
131.4
55.2
105.8
32.3
107.8
33.5
107.5
33.4
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
405.1
16.4
3.9
314.9
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.8
7.2
7.8
407.0
17.1
4.0
317.0
8.3
2.0
1.7
8.2
7.4
7.9
406.4
17.1
3.9
315.8
8.4
2.1
1.7
8.3
7.5
7.9
1,797.2
21.0
21.9
1,350.1
48.2
13.7
12.1
54.6
47.2
35.2
1,827.3
21.3
21.3
1,378.2
49.7
13.4
12.5
54.8
47.9
35.6
1,825.5
21.3
21.3
1,375.1
49.4
13.4
12.4
54.7
48.0
35.5
834.4
15.2
36.1
499.8
27.0
6.8
7.0
19.4
17.9
34.0
824.7
15.5
36.2
496.4
26.3
7.2
7.1
19.3
17.8
34.3
836.3
15.6
36.7
499.7
26.3
7.2
7.1
19.5
17.6
34.1
Indiana
143.1
2.4
2.9
7.3
14.9
9.2
64.7
1.5
4.1
1.9
6.8
2.3
146.9
2.5
3.0
7.8
15.4
9.2
66.6
1.5
4.3
2.0
6.9
2.2
147.0
2.6
3.1
7.8
15.4
9.2
66.5
1.5
4.3
2.0
6.9
2.2
719.7
12.9
18.3
43.9
67.4
74.2
233.8
89
19.4
15.9
46.9
16.8
733.7
13.2
18.6
44.6
69.2
75.1
235 7
9.6
19.7
16.3
47.6
16.9
729.7
13.3
18.6
44.5
69.7
74.8
234.9
9.5
19.8
16.3
47.5
17.0
418.6
21.9
8.2
16.0
26.8
39.9
111.5
7.2
25.1
12.7
14.9
12.3
422.0
21.6
8.3
16.3
26.8
39.2
111.5
7.3
26.1
13.4
14.5
12.5
422.2
21.6
8.3
16.3
26.8
39.3
111.4
7.2
26.1
13.6
14.4
12.4
83.9
6.4
40.3
1.9
22
2.8
3.0
85.3
6.6
39.8
1.9
2.3
2.8
2.9
85.6
6.6
39.9
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.0
386.2
37.1
83.3
18.2
15.1
19.6
21.3
397.5
37.3
86.0
18.1
13.9
20.1
21.7
396.8
38.0
85.3
17.9
14.8
20.1
22.0
242.5
13.4
34.1
3.9
28.8
7.9
13.3
245.1
14.3
34.6
3.8
28.2
7.8
13.1
247.4
14.4
34.6
3.9
29.1
7.9
13.3
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
62.5
2.2
6.8
11.6
63.5
2.0
6.7
11.7
63.6
2.0
6.7
11.7
340.6
11.9
30.8
77.2
346.2
11.6
31.1
77.1
346.3
11.7
31.1
77.1
251.5
15.1
22 2
35.1
250.6
14.7
21.9
35.1
252.2
14.9
21.8
35.3
Kentucky
70.6
10.3
30.3
2.0
71.5
10.7
30.5
2.1
71.2
10.7
30.5
2.2
447.1
76.6
172.1
11.1
463.2
79.5
178.5
11.4
461.8
79.4
179.2
11.3
299.7
57.0
71.3
7.4
305.5
56.3
71.6
7.5
306.2
56.8
71.9
7.5
86.8
2.4
18.4
2.1
6.3
2.5
5.3
31.8
6.4
87.2
2.4
18.5
2.0
65
2.4
5.5
31.6
6.5
87.4
2.4
18.6
2.0
6.5
2.5
5.4
31.6
6.5
516.3
16.7
76.2
16.4
42.4
24.3
19.4
193.5
55.8
526.9
16.7
78.7
16.4
42.8
24.2
19.7
192.8
56.4
529.0
16.8
78.7
16.3
43.0
24.3
20.0
195.3
56.2
370.7
13.5
61.6
14.3
24.0
13.4
13.4
106.6
33.2
373.2
13.6
62.8
14.6
24.7
13.8
13.6
107.5
33.8
373.5
13.6
63.1
14.7
24.6
13.7
13.4
107.4
33.8
30.0
2.3
13.0
30.7
2.4
13.0
30.6
2.4
13.0
170.5
14.3
44.9
180.6
14.8
45.3
177.4
14.8
45.1
97.6
5.1
19.4
96.4
5.1
19.2
98.0
5.1
19.5
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Honolulu
Idaho
BoiseCity
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
lowaCrty
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City .
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-DC.
2,367.4
2,401.3
1,209.9
408.0
875.6
1,221.2
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,229.3
57.4
1,975.7
3,265.8
62.5
1.992.6
100.6
53.7
258.6
233.8
155.2
124.2
68.1
43.4
260.0
232.1
MicNgan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-M idland
4,596.3
4,625.3
280.9
72.8
2,157 3
180.1
578.0
62.3
215.9
239.3
182.6
282.3
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,610.0
99.5
53.0
152.8
122.2
66.6
42.7
4174
888.8
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
2,411.8
1,224.9
416.4
892.1
1.3
.3
1.3
.4
3.273.2
59.5
1.999.5
1.4
1.3
.4
.4
101.3
53 7
155.5
(*)
124.8
68.1
43.5
260.9
233.5
.1
.1
2
Hi
.1
.1
.2
November
1999P
November
1998
1.4
.4
146.7
66.3
12.8
65.1
148.7
66.3
13.9
65.8
147.6
66.1
13.7
65.7
1.3
114.0
2.8
64.6
3.7
1.9
6.1
53
2.6
1.9
8.2
7.6
121.7
3.0
68.5
4.3
2.1
6.6
5.6
2.8
2.0
8.8
8.2
119.8
3.0
67.8
4.2
2.1
6.5
5.6
2.8
2.0
8.5
8.2
194.2
11.1
2.7
89.4
8.4
27.6
204.6
11.4
200.1
(M
(?)
Hi
.1
.1
2
7.1
4,630.5
283.2
73.7
2,183.3
174.2
595.9
64.2
216.6
242.1
185.0
7.9
2,654.1
118.0
1,735.7
81.0
91.1
2,657.4
8.2
4.9
1.142.3
226.7
1,139.3
229 7
1,139.7
230.5
6.4
2,732.2
960.2
1,326.0
168.0
2,732.0
973.8
1,335.9
171.2
2,735.1
977.4
1,339.3
172.0
4.9
379.1
390.3
387.2
5.2
5.0
5.0
19.6
891.0
151.4
413.2
836.0
152.0
409.2
888.5
153.2
410.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
41.9
Lincoln
Omaha
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
953.2
684.7
185.7
995.3
722.4
191.5
999 8
727.2
192.0
13.1
2.1
.5
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
594.2
102.3
94.2
118.8
604.0
101.9
93.3
119.9
605.0
103.4
93.2
119.5
3,850.5
177.1
667.9
494.5
247.3
630.6
367.5
9818
201.5
59.6
3,903.2
182.3
674.7
499.1
249.2
640.2
375.8
996.6
203.5
59.8
3,917.7
178.0
678.9
503.7
250.9
645.2
376.6
1,003.0
204.1
60.1
729.1
342.1
53.8
72.6
738.0
346.1
55.3
75.2
739.4
347.9
55.9
74.4
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield ....
Montana
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millvitle-Bndgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque .
LasCruces ...
Santa Fe
115.7
1,706.1
79.4
73.6
2,178.9
173.8
595.5
63.9
216.3
240.4
184.8
117.7
1,743.4
81.2
91.3
See footnotes at end of table.
88
6.1
1.0
1.0
9.2
9.1
9.4
(M>
107.9
4.8
67.2
3.3
4.5
124.8
5.4
76.5
3.8
4.9
117.4
6.5
6.6
57.1
11.2
56.6
11.7
57.4
11.8
5.2
134.6
50.3
140.8
53.7
75.7
7.6
137.2
52.9
74.2
7.5
22.3
21.1
>
)
)
5.2
( )
( )
71.6
7.2
(M
1
11.9
2.1
.5
43.3
7.6
42.5
7.6
21.2
20.9
11.8
2.1
.5
87.3
68.9
13.8
91.6
72.9
14.1
90.9
72.9
13.7
.4
24.4
4.7
3.2
4.1
24.9
4.7
3.2
4.1
24.7
4.8
3.1
4.2
2.2
140.7
145.5
143.9
6.7
25.0
24.2
5.4
.6
6.8
24.5
24.0
5.0
20.2
18.8
33.8
49
2.2
21.1
19.5
35.4
5.0
2.1
21.5
43.8
21.7
3.2
3.7
44.6
43.9
21.5
3.3
1
2.2
2.1
( 11
)
( )
(M
(M
(M 2
14.6
(M
(
)
(
>
)
(
( )
( )
(M
(M
0) 1.0
M
.3
13.3
4.8
7.1
( )
( )
1
5.1
74.2
3.7
21.1
.4
( )
( )
(M
11.2
2.6
94.5
8.9
29.2
2.7
9.4
9.3
9.7
8.0
4.5
(M
( )
( )
November
1999P
8.1
4.5
()
(
26
95.8
9.1
30.0
2.8
9.7
9.7
9.9
2.6
(
October
1999
1.0
(M
.3
13.3
21.8
3.3
4.1
6.4
25.1
23.6
5.4
19.2
36.0
49
1.9
4.1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-DC
176.8
100.3
30.1
39.4
178.2
99.4
29.1
40.7
178.0
99.1
28.8
40.8
110.5
58.1
20.1
362
113.9
60.8
20.4
38.0
114.3
60.7
20.6
38.1
547.6
276.3
63.7
203.3
546.2
272.3
64.9
205.2
552.5
274.9
64.0
207.1
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
442.2
2.1
219.7
10.8
13.6
37.5
28.8
13.1
7.4
38.9
40.9
436.4
2.2
214.3
10.3
13.3
37.2
28.8
13.3
7.2
39.0
40.4
435.8
2.2
214.2
10.3
13.2
37.2
28.7
13.1
7.2
39.2
40.4
137.0
3.0
85.3
4.9
2.1
5.3
7.7
3.7
1.3
10.1
9.7
139.5
3.1
87.5
4.6
2.1
5.7
8.3
4.1
1.3
10.1
9.8
138.8
3.0
86.7
4.6
2.1
5.6
8.3
4.0
1.3
10.1
9.7
739.8
19.3
430.2
33.2
12.8
36.3
26.0
17.2
10.7
61.0
54.1
740.1
21.5
427.2
33.5
13.0
37.4
26.3
17.7
10.8
61.3
52.6
748.5
20.5
433.5
33.8
13.2
37.8
26.9
17.7
11.0
62.2
53.7
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-M idland
972.3
53.4
19.6
442.6
39.7
159.6
12.7
49.6
29.0
40.3
960.5
52.6
19.6
441.9
32.2
161.6
12.9
49.5
28.3
39.7
958.5
52.4
19.6
442.1
31.8
162.1
13.0
49.5
27.7
39.7
179.6
6.6
2.9
96.3
5.8
19.6
3.6
7.5
6.1
7.2
181.3
66
3.1
96.3
63
20.1
3.6
7.7
6.0
7.2
180.0
6.6
3.1
96.6
6.2
20.0
3.6
7.7
6.1
7.2
1,090.4
56.3
16.3
513.9
45.3
144.5
15.9
47.8
54.1
46.8
1,092.8
57.0
16.5
513.7
44.5
149.1
16.1
47.9
54.1
46.8
1,103.4
57.5
16.6
519.3
45.2
151.3
16.3
48.5
55.1
47.4
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
444.3
8.5
281.2
14.1
15.7
445.3
86
285.7
13.3
15.9
444.2
8.6
285.8
13.4
15.9
131.2
7.9
95.0
2.4
3.4
130.3
7.9
97.2
2.4
3.5
129.9
7.9
97.1
2.4
3.5
629.1
28.1
407.5
15.8
26.9
636.3
28.8
413.1
16.0
27.0
645.4
29.0
418.8
16.1
27.2
Mississippi
Jackson
245.1
20.3
239.1
20.6
238.5
20.6
53.7
16.4
55.4
17.2
55.3
17.1
246.8
54.9
243.7
53.8
244.0
53.9
Missouri
KansasCity
St. Louis
Springfield
420 7
108.2
195.6
23.8
409.9
109.7
189.5
24.3
409.8
109.6
189.7
24.2
165.9
77.3
83.0
11.1
165.4
79.1
84.5
11.8
165.3
79.5
84.5
12.0
646.8
237.0
313.9
46.8
644.5
236.1
316.4
46.8
651.5
239.1
320.7
47.5
Montana
25 2
25.0
24.8
22.0
22.6
22.4
101.0
103.0
102.8
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
117.9
17.8
39.8
117.1
18.0
38.8
117.4
18.0
39.1
57.8
10.0
30.5
59.3
9.8
31.5
59.5
9.8
31.7
219.1
31.8
101.6
213.6
31.4
98.6
216.5
31.7
100.3
42.4
22.7
14.0
43.6
23.8
14.0
43.6
23.8
14.1
486
35.1
11.9
51.4
37.2
12.8
51.5
37.2
12.9
195.5
142.6
41.9
204.4
148.8
44.4
208.1
151.5
45.0
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
106.9
14.9
27.4
18.6
105.7
15.2
27.0
18.5
105.5
15.5
26.9
18.5
21.2
6.1
3.0
3.8
21.9
6.3
3.1
4.1
21.8
6.5
3.1
4.0
155.1
25.2
23.4
31.5
157.5
25.5
22.7
32.2
158.8
26.0
22.8
32.4
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
476.9
6.2
105.7
54.7
27.3
93.1
20.3
135.8
17.0
12.6
466.3
6.0
103.9
54.7
26.7
89.1
20.1
133.2
16.3
12.1
466.1
60
103.0
55.1
26.7
89.4
20.1
133.5
16.3
11.9
263.9
6.8
37.4
23.3
30.3
48.9
20.0
84.0
7.3
2.8
265.9
6.9
376
23.2
30.5
49.0
19.9
86.2
7.6
2.8
266 9
6.8
37.8
23.2
30.5
49.3
19.8
86.6
7.6
2.9
903 5
35.3
182.1
131.8
58.8
148.1
99.6
197.6
33.8
12.0
914.6
37.8
183.3
133.1
58.8
149.3
101.1
200.2
34.5
12.0
926.4
36.3
186.9
136.2
59 5
152.2
102.6
204.4
35.3
12.3
44.4
28.1
3.0
1.9
42.9
27.0
3.1
2.0
42.4
27.2
3.1
2.0
34.5
17.1
2.2
1.3
34.9
17.7
22
1.4
35.1
17.9
2.2
1.4
173 4
83.2
10.9
15.3
174.0
82.6
11.2
15.6
175.5
84.0
11.3
15.5
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-DC
134.3
74.6
34.6
51.0
137.9
76.4
36.3
52.9
138.0
76.5
36.2
52.8
801.2
414.4
160.3
303.9
829.6
425.4
164.3
314.4
831.3
425.9
164.4
314.6
449.0
Massachusetts
Barnstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
218.8
2.9
222.0
2.8
167.7
3.2
1.5
4.7
3.4
1.8
2.0
222.8
2.7
1,151.8
19.4
774.0
26.6
12.8
43.9
34.7
17.8
14.1
80.1
70.3
1,180.6
21.8
787.8
27.0
13.0
44.3
35.2
18.4
14.8
80.7
73.6
1,179.0
19.9
788.0
27.2
12.8
44.2
35.2
18.5
14.5
80.3
73.7
424.3
7.9
236.7
MicNgan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
208.2
10.1
2.4
112.6
6.5
23.5
1,257.4
1,288.5
67.8
69.4
20.3
678.6
51.0
1,283.5
69.0
20.3
676.4
49.5
149.0
15.5
55.0
59.4
50.6
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-Si Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
164.8
3.1
1.5
4.6
3.4
1.8
168.5
3.2
October
1999
November
1999P
445.5
220.2
88.5
171.8
448.7
221.3
88.7
424.2
8.1
239.2
17.7
8.7
19.3
16.6
10.0
5.2
47.0
33.6
427.2
8.2
240.4
18.0
8.8
19.5
16.6
10.2
5.4
47.5
33.9
686.3
75.6
9.0
682.3
75.0
688.5
9.2
76.3
9.2
240.9
25.7
57.8
10.6
36.9
68.3
23.1
238.3
25.6
59.7
11.1
36.1
68.5
23.3
240.2
25.8
59.6
11.2
36.3
70.0
23.5
219.6
86.4
176.7
17.2
8.3
173.0
13.0
13.7
1.5
4.7
3.5
1.8
2.0
13.0
13.7
209.2
10.3
2.3
113.3
6.8
24.8
1.9
10.3
14.6
209.4
10.2
2.3
113.2
6.8
24.7
1.9
10.2
14.5
6.9
6.9
58.6
49.1
159.1
3.5
126.8
2.3
3.3
159.9
3.6
130.0
2.4
35
160.0
3.6
129.5
2.4
3.5
497.7
34.3
22.5
759.0
34.9
509.8
35.7
23.0
758.4
34.8
510.0
35.7
23.1
395.9
24.1
230.1
7.2
12.9
390.4
24.3
222.8
7.4
13.3
394.1
24.2
227.4
7.5
13.3
42.0
16.3
42 7
16.6
42.2
16.4
262.8
60.0
264.8
60.4
265.1
61.3
228.4
46.6
230.5
48.4
230.6
48.4
164.1
68.2
83.0
165.8
7.6
165.1
69.6
83.4
7.6
767.3
283.9
420.0
50.0
769.9
69.5
83.3
7.7
287.2
431.0
51.4
768.8
287.5
429.7
51.0
427.9
135.3
158.9
21.5
430.5
138.5
155.5
21.6
432.2
139.2
157.1
22.2
17.2
17.7
17.8
107.0
112.6
111.0
81.9
82.1
82.3
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
58.5
10.0
34.3
58.9
10.4
34.3
59.0
10.5
34.3
242.5
41.3
135.3
239.6
41.3
133.3
238.7
41.3
133.2
152.1
33.4
50.6
153.0
33.5
51.5
153.7
34.3
51.3
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
44.7
33.7
86
45.8
34.7
8.7
45.8
34.9
8.7
404.9
70.6
424.5
323.3
72.2
425.5
324.5
72 2
116.7
74.5
24.4
122.1
79.6
24.8
122.6
80.3
24.9
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
31 3
7.1
5.3
6.6
31.7
6.8
5.0
6.8
31.6
6.7
5.1
6.7
172.7
32.9
23.7
31.9
180.3
31.7
23.5
31.7
179.5
31.8
23.4
31.2
82.1
11.4
8.2
22.3
81.6
11.7
8.8
22.5
82.7
12.1
8.8
22.5
249 5
5.7
374
25.2
27.1
257.9
5.9
38.6
27.4
28.3
47.6
18.6
76.8
11.3
2.8
1,235.1
87.5
208.6
154.3
60.5
193.5
1,273.7
90.0
214.5
157.2
61.2
202.5
132.9
320.1
77.0
1,270.9
87.7
215.0
157.0
45.9
18.5
75.0
11.1
2.9
257.6
6.1
38.6
27.4
28.3
47.4
18.6
76.8
11.2
2.8
131.8
319.5
76.7
13.6
578.8
28.8
72.2
81.2
38.3
80.4
63.7
143.6
52.2
14.0
577.4
28.8
71.8
79.3
38.3
81.2
63.7
143.7
51.9
14.3
583.4
28.9
72.5
81.2
38.6
82.0
64.5
145.2
52.0
14.4
32.0
17.2
2.1
3.5
32.7
17.6
2.0
3.6
32.6
17.6
2.0
3.6
206.6
213.2
108.4
13.5
111.4
14.7
22.7
213.4
111.5
14.7
22.3
179.8
66.4
18.9
25.2
182.4
68.0
18.8
25.8
183.2
68.2
19.3
25.5
Mississippi
Jackson ...
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield ...
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
1.9
12.9
14.3
1.9
10.5
14.1
67
See footnotes at end of table.
90
19.9
660.7
48.7
145.4
15.0
54.4
734.3
33.9
305.1
126.6
311.1
75.2
12.9
21.7
49.3
150.2
15.5
55.1
59.2
13.4
61.9
202.6
19.1
16.3
10.4
5.3
47.3
36.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
ining
Construction
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
4.7
.6
New York
Abany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
NewYorkPMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,386.5
448.5
118.6
554.1
111.2
44.8
49.1
1,176.4
4,131.5
3.598.2
124.1
545.9
107.0
347.0
131.8
404.4
8,510.7
448.6
118.8
554.5
113.8
43.5
50.6
1,198.1
4,198.6
3.655.9
128.9
549 6
109.0
350.3
133.9
411.0
8,552.7
450.5
119.9
555.2
114.6
43.9
49.2
1,208.1
4,236.0
3,689.5
128.9
549.2
109.7
350.1
133.7
414.3
(M
(1)
(M
(M
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3.852.9
113.6
791.4
659.6
676.4
3.877.1
113.9
801.2
663.9
681.5
3,887.9
114.9
802.8
667.8
684.0
(M
(11)
()
(1)
320.6
50.3
100.8
49.5
321.3
50.6
100.8
49.0
321.9
50 9
100.7
49.4
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown- Warren
5,550.3
327.5
186.2
877.4
1,164.2
847.6
481.0
124.5
77.8
80.7
51.9
329.1
250 6
5,565.8
332.4
189.1
892.7
1,164.6
852.4
479.6
126.3
788
80.1
51.1
330.8
252.7
5,579.7
333.1
190.1
896.8
1.169.2
858.1
481.0
127.0
79.7
80.6
51.2
331.7
252.7
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1.461.7
24.6
38.8
520.9
399.8
1.494.9
24.7
39.3
532.7
411.0
1,498.5
249
39.4
534.6
412.2
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1.589.2
143.9
73.3
957.5
136.6
1,611.8
145.8
74.9
975.6
140.0
1,614.3
146.4
75.4
984.1
138.9
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,577.9
277.5
59.9
133.5
363.1
88.8
220.5
2,357.6
683.8
1.109.3
168.9
283.6
50 1
72.6
54.6
165.8
5,594.4
278.0
59.9
135.0
361.6
87.5
222.2
2,365.0
687.9
1,117.3
169.9
283.4
49.3
72.9
55.0
167.5
5,604.3
278.9
60.4
134.9
362.2
88.6
222.9
2,381.7
691.4
1,119.1
171.0
284.9
50.0
73.3
55.2
168.2
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
See footnotes at end of table.
91
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
<>
(M
(M
.3
.4
October
1999
November
1998
4.4
.6
298.7
17.2
43
20.7
4.4
2.0
2.2
56.8
135.0
106.4
4.3
19.9
4.8
13.8
3.7
21.7
323.9
18.4
4.6
22.0
4.8
2.0
2.2
62.5
145.4
114.2
5.1
20.5
5.4
15.1
4.3
23.6
319.1
17.8
4.5
21.1
4.8
2.0
2.0
62.1
145.5
114.4
5.2
19.9
5.4
14.5
4.0
23.5
4.1
220.2
6.7
49.5
34.3
39.6
217.7
6.5
50.5
33.1
41.3
217.9
6.5
50.5
33.0
41.4
3.7
14.7
2.6
5.4
3.3
17.0
3.0
6.1
3.4
16.3
2.8
5.7
3.3
12.7
.5
.5
.6
.9
.5
.4
246.1
14.8
10.1
41.3
48.4
37.9
18.2
8.2
4.6
2.6
1.9
17.1
12.0
239.2
14.5
99
41.0
46 9
37.7
18.0
8.2
4.5
2.6
1.7
16.8
11.6
4.6
.6
(M
(1)
<11)
()
(!)
< 1>
()
(M
.2
(M
(1)
(M
(1)
(!)
< 1>
()
(!)
(M
(1)
(M
(1)
(M
(11)
()
4.1
4.0
(M
(!)
(M
(1)
)
M
1
1)
)
4.0
3.9
1
.2
.4
.4
(1)
(M
(M
(M
November
1999P
)
(!)
(!)
(1)
M
M
12.7
.5
.5
.6
.9
.5
.3
1
( )
1
( )
October
1999
November
1999P
.4
.2
.5
.4
.2
.4
233.7
13.9
9.5
39.5
45.5
36.5
17.6
7.8
4.1
2.7
1.9
16.1
11.0
31.0
8
.1
6.9
7.8
29.7
.1
6.6
7.8
29.8
.8
.1
66
7.8
55.0
1.0
1.4
19.5
16.6
56.6
.9
1.6
20.1
17.5
56.3
.9
1.6
20.0
17.5
1.8
.2
.1
1.3
2.0
2
.1
1.3
.3
1.9
2
.1
1.2
.3
84.2
7.4
3.4
56.0
8.3
88.9
7.7
3.6
57.5
8.4
85.0
7.4
3.5
56.4
8.2
20.1
228.6
11.2
2.8
4.9
14.1
4.6
13.1
93.8
10.5
52.2
6.9
11.3
1.6
2.3
2.2
8.8
237.3
11.4
2.7
4.9
14.9
4.7
13.4
97.7
10.6
55.1
7.5
11.6
235.4
11.3
2.7
4.8
14.5
4.6
13.4
96.5
10.3
53.6
7.4
11.3
1.7
2.2
2.2
8.8
13.2
.5
.6
.7
9
.6
.3
(M
(M
(M
.4
.2
.4
(M
.7
.2
21.3
(M
(1)
(M
(11)
()
(M
(M
(1)
(1)
( )
(1)
.4
20.4
(1)
M
M
M
M
.4
(1)
(1)
.4
(M
(!)
(!)
(1)
(!)
.4
(!)
(!)
4.1
4.2
.5
<!>
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
M
M
(1)
.4
4.1
(1)
.4
(1)
(!)
(!)
.4
1.7
2.3
2.3
9.1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
920.3
38.9
25.4
89.2
18.2
99
8.0
1156
316.6
264.7
12.1
123 0
11.8
506
20.4
38.1
909.3
39.7
24.3
87.8
18.5
9.1
8.0
1157
313.4
260.0
124
1195
12.2
50.6
19.8
38.9
907.5
39.4
24.4
87.7
18.6
9.1
8.0
1163
312.8
259.3
12.3
1194
12.3
50.8
19.7
39.0
416.6
17.7
51
26.2
4.1
1.6
1.4
53 7
236.1
208.6
7.1
17.8
5.9
19.8
3.8
20.9
425.0
18.0
5.0
27.2
4.4
1.5
1.6
54.7
238.6
210.8
7.6
18.0
5.8
20.5
3.7
21.2
422.8
17.9
5.1
26 9
4.4
1.5
1.5
54.7
238.9
211.1
7.5
18.0
5.8
20 3
3.8
21.2
1,708.9
94.7
25.6
133.6
21.2
10.7
11.4
302.0
725.6
606.5
35.0
115.2
25.9
79.4
26.9
88.9
1,700.9
92.1
25.2
131.8
21.2
10.3
11.8
299.1
729.3
610.9
35.8
115.5
25.8
78.1
27.3
88.2
1,729.2
93.4
256
134.3
21.5
10.6
11.5
306.5
743.7
622.6
35.9
116.7
26.2
79.3
27.3
90.7
823.6
19.4
140.0
163.5
85.5
803.5
18.5
138.3
157.8
85.5
802.8
18.5
137.4
158.2
85.7
174.7
4.9
50.4
36.0
29.2
176.7
4.9
50.0
36.8
29.0
176 9
5.0
50.1
36.9
29.3
875.8
28.2
187.6
148.9
143.0
878.5
28.3
186.1
150.8
142.1
888.4
29.0
188.2
151.3
143.4
24.3
28
8.2
4.0
23.9
28
8.0
4.0
23.7
28
7.8
4.0
17.7
3.1
5.1
2.1
17.8
3.2
5.0
2.0
17.9
3.2
5.0
2.0
81.9
12.2
28.3
13.5
81.0
12.3
28.0
13.0
81.9
12.6
28.6
13.2
1,096 2
65.0
47.6
143 5
222.3
93.3
99.4
21.7
19 7
23.2
13.2
60.1
56.4
1,079.7
64.2
47.2
143.4
216.0
93.7
95.5
21.1
18.8
22.3
13.1
59.9
55.1
1,084.5
64.4
47.3
143.3
219.6
94.1
95.0
21.5
19.2
22.4
13.1
60.0
55.1
245.1
14.9
5.1
48.7
47.0
38.7
21.3
4.7
3.2
3.4
2.8
15.1
11.0
247.6
15.3
5.4
48.8
47.3
38.1
21.2
4.9
3.5
3.2
2.8
16.1
11.2
246.7
15.3
5.3
48.9
47.5
38.4
21.2
4.8
3.5
3.2
2.8
15.9
11.1
1,351.8
81.6
45.5
225.5
276.7
221.6
111.4
33.1
18.4
18.3
11.3
81.1
63.5
1,337.4
83.4
46.9
227.0
274.3
218.6
110.5
32.7
18.5
18.3
10.8
81.8
64.7
1,359.6
84.3
All
231.0
277.4
222.3
111.5
32.9
18.8
18.5
10.9
82.8
65.2
186.4
2.3
39
55.0
58.1
186.7
2.4
3.9
54.5
58.1
187.1
2.4
3.9
54.7
58.0
83.6
2.2
1.6
24.1
33.5
85.1
2.2
1.6
24.8
34.9
85.1
2.2
1.6
24.8
35.1
337.9
6.2
9.2
123.4
93.5
342.4
6.3
9.3
125.1
94.9
346.8
6.4
9.5
126.5
96.6
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem .. .
239.9
223
90
145.9
16.9
241.5
23.5
9.3
145.3
18.8
240.3
23.3
9.1
145.0
17.4
77.4
4.4
3.5
54.9
3.9
81.5
4.2
3.6
56.7
3.9
81.7
4.2
3.6
57.2
3.9
393.5
36.1
23.0
238.0
29.1
392.2
35.8
23.3
239.6
28.9
398.2
36.9
24.3
245.1
29.5
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
940.8
562
10.2
34.9
47.3
13.1
576
305.1
57.3
140.7
42.5
55.9
12.0
9.1
13.7
47.3
930.8
55.7
10.1
34.2
44.1
12.6
56.5
302.0
56.4
140.3
42.2
548
10.8
9.2
13.9
46.6
929 8
55.5
10.1
346
43.7
12.8
56.7
302.0
565
140.1
42.3
55.0
10.9
9.3
13.8
46.9
291.0
16.1
4.5
4.8
24.6
5.3
8.3
112.7
34.9
69.1
8.9
16.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
8.5
291.5
16.6
4.3
4.6
24.9
5.3
8.3
113.3
36.1
70.0
8.9
16.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
8.9
290.9
16.7
4.3
4.6
25.0
5.3
8.3
114.2
35.9
69.7
9.0
16.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
9.0
1,259.5
60.2
16.0
29.4
82.1
21.2
54.7
519.5
114.2
263.3
39.5
67.9
12.9
13.5
13.4
40.9
1,246.1
59.5
15.8
30.2
81.3
21.1
55.4
515.1
112.3
261.4
38.9
67.5
13.0
13.9
13.4
41.8
1,259.9
60.5
16.2
30.2
82.7
21.5
56.0
525.8
114.0
265.1
39.6
68.5
13.4
14.0
13.8
42.7
Afoany-Schenectady-Troy
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
NewYorkCity
i^f©\nf^^UlUii
. . .
.,...,
-
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
...
\J\ICci"*iiOITIW
Westchester County
North Cwolins
/vsneviiie
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Canton-Massilton
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Midd let own
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo. .
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
.. .
See footnotes at end of table
92
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands) '
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
November
1998
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
NewYorkCity
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
738.3
25.8
3.8
29.3
4.7
1.2
2.3
79.1
521.4
488.0
5.6
20.7
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
745.7
26.1
745.9
26.0
2,858.9
142.3
4.1
29.6
5.0
1.3
2.3
4.2
29.5
5.0
31.4
165.7
35.3
11.9
13.2
1.2
2.3
79.6
525.7
2,949.5
143.8
32.4
167.4
36.5
11.9
14.2
394.4
2,956.2
144.5
1,440.0
1,605.2
1,621.3
1,411.9
33.6
171.0
1,428.3
33.2
169.3
35.5
102.8
421
150.3
32.8
166.5
36.7
12.0
13.2
394.2
October
November
1,451.8
109.9
23.2
88.7
23.4
7.4
10.5
191.8
1,467.6
642.3
557.5
648.1
561.9
29.2
28.3
60.9
28.9
83.7
19.3
64.1
28.3
61.2
628.3
17.2
95.9
68.9
111.3
23.0
89.3
23.3
7.4
10.5
187.8
642.5
557.8
27.2
82.7
110.9
23.3
89.2
23.6
7.5
10.7
194.7
8.3
26.8
491.7
5.6
21.0
5.1
17.8
8.3
27.3
181.6
3.7
62.0
34.8
30.6
184.7
3.7
65.6
34.4
30.5
184.6
3.8
65.7
34.3
30.5
958.7
34.0
205.7
171.4
216.6
983.6
34.8
214.8
182.1
219.3
981.5
34.8
214.0
182.9
219.1
614.3
16.7
96.2
70.7
131.9
133.8
631.7
17.3
96.9
71.2
134.6
15.9
2.5
7.0
1.4
16.0
2.5
7.1
1.4
16.0
2.5
7.1
1.4
90.0
16.2
31.0
11.9
90.7
16.2
31.1
11.9
90.1
16.1
31.0
12.0
721
10.9
15.8
13.3
71.0
10.6
15.5
13.3
72.3
10.9
15.5
13.5
301.1
305.8
13.8
306.1
13.8
1,525.5
88.4
1,552.5
13.1
1,542.0
90.3
783.7
50.1
6.6
56.7
77.0
77.6
6.6
56.8
76.7
51.6
269.4
352.5
51.8
19.2
6.6
2.0
2.5
1.4
19.3
7.3
2.1
2.4
50.8
259.2
349.4
242.8
139.8
29.6
20.8
104.5
146.0
138.7
72.0
784.0
49.6
20.8
105.5
148.2
788.9
50.0
63
55.8
76.4
75.4
1.4
11.4
11.2
9.3
76.9
5.0
17.8
9.3
74.4
1.1
78.1
19.4
7.3
2.1
2.4
14.5
14.2
95.9
67.1
409.5
6.8
8.4
426 0
6.9
8.6
425.2
6.9
157.7
124.6
164.5
130.4
427.1
39.3
19.5
267.8
32.7
318.4
14.1
1.6
5.4
25.5
4.1
323.2
14.1
9.7
162.4
51.7
9.9
163.1
51.1
65.6
8.8
14.3
323.6
14.2
1.6
5.6
25.0
4-2
99
163.0
514
65.6
8.8
5.1
69.8
6.7
14.4
1.5
2.2
2.2
5.2
2.1
5.2
See footnotes at end of table.
93
268.3
350.9
247.3
94 8
66.2
96.6
7.4
3.1
2.1
90.8
1.4
97.1
7.4
3.1
70.2
6.7
1.5
2.2
42.2
150.6
11.4
9.4
95.2
7.3
3.1
67.8
6.7
8.4
14.0
1.6
2.0
35.4
104.0
19.9
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ...
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver..
Salem
64.9
34.1
102.0
40.3
147.1
19.7
1.1
1.9
31.2
22.8
4.1
32.8
166.2
19.8
76.7
1.1
1.9
31.2
22.8
1.6
5.7
25.1
381.4
1,554.3
1,366.1
247.8
1424
304
20.7
1.8
30.2
21.7
November
1998
79.9
524.4
490.4
5.5
21.0
5.1
17.9
8.3
27.3
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Attoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
November
1999P
October
1999
142.9
30.4
20.9
19.9
14.4
19.4
63.6
21.0
10.6
10.9
6.4
50.3
32.8
138.2
72.2
21.7
10.6
11.4
6.5
48.6
84.5
19 4
64.6
28.5
62.3
21.0
106.9
149.3
139.7
72.6
21.9
10.7
11.6
6.5
32.8
49.1
33.2
164.9
130.2
283.9
4.2
12.4
104.1
44.0
291.7
4.2
12.3
105.9
44.6
291.3
4.2
122
105.9
44.2
439.7
405
20.4
278.5
33.6
439.3
40.3
20.0
280.0
33.1
270.1
26.9
11.7
125.8
38.8
268 9
26.5
11.5
271.3
26.7
11.7
129.4
39.8
1,795.4
88.0
16.4
38.2
1,825.0
89.1
1,819.3
88.7
102.4
26.2
57.7
869.2
302.1
104.9
25.7
58.8
880.3
308.7
16.7
39.4
104.4
722.9
31.7
8.4
15.9
67.1
14.3
720.1
16.7
39.7
19.0
294.9
19.5
293.5
1127
387.9
42.5
81.8
14.5
14.3
396.5
43.4
82.7
14.8
14.7
15.0
14.9
38.3
39.2
95.5
66.7
8.6
25.8
58.6
884.8
310.6
395.1
43.4
82.7
14.8
14.7
14.8
39.0
113.1
127.0
20.2
35.7
5.6
29.2
6.3
16.5
126.5
39.4
31.6
8.7
15.7
66.4
14.0
124.3
20.2
35.6
5.7
725.3
32.0
8.8
15.7
669
14.4
19.6
295.4
112.7
125.8
20.5
36.1
28.1
5.8
28.7
6.3
16.3
16.2
6.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
November
1998
467.6
526.7
474.8
533.6
475.2
535.2
1,811.2
238.3
296.5
474.1
1,849.1
249.4
305.3
484.3
1,854.5
250.3
307.0
486.7
365.5
48.0
107.3
366.0
49 1
110.5
366.8
48.6
110.5
2,677.8
220.9
198.0
326.4
596.3
659.6
2,697.5
220.9
195.9
328.2
598.8
666.7
2,702.8
221.0
196.3
327.9
602.9
670.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Ben ito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
9,105.1
58.5
97.3
615.1
164.2
76.0
100.2
75.2
158.2
1,868.2
248.3
752.8
9,307.9
58.7
99.6
637.9
165.6
9,353.6
59.1
100.1
642.0
162.5
1.3
166.2
75.9
.9
1.5
896
90.0
2,0598
102.0
67.3
92.5
119.3
98.9
60.5
711.8
45.9
52.2
83.5
37.0
101.8
60.5
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
1,045.6
144.5
702.4
1,066.4
149.5
712.2
1,074.5
151.1
717.6
290 0
31.0
102.8
297.5
32.3
104.7
296.7
31.7
104.5
Virginia
Bristol
Charlortesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,371.5
39.3
85.3
3,422.1
45.9
45.9
101.0
696.3
3,435.8
40 8
87.5
46.0
101.7
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett .
Spokane
Tacoma
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
South Dakota
Rapid City ....
Sioux Falls ...
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
2,021.8
100.6
65.3
91.9
117.8
141.2
107.0
44.7
693.0
45 1
51.8
80.9
36.1
100.4
687.1
1,057.6
541.9
75.9
101.5
77.5
158.1
1,923.7
254.4
777.1
101.5
78.2
158.6
1,930.4
255.5
7805
90.2
2,073.8
102.5
67.7
40 8
87.4
83.8
37.2
101.8
60.2
696.7
147.5
1,094.9
555.4
148.9
1,102.5
561.4
149.4
2,647.8
1,379.9
191.9
240.2
2,686.9
1.392.1
191.4
243.1
2,6976
1,403.6
190.9
244.5
See footnotes at end of table.
(!)
!
(M
(M
94
(J)
(M
1.9
108.8
17.7
16.4
31.5
114.7
199
17.9
33.7
114.9
20.0
18.0
33.7
1.4
16.1
2.8
5.1
17.1
3.2
6.0
16.9
3.2
5.8
126.9
9.2
11.1
16.0
28.1
33.1
137.0
10.4
11.2
16.4
28.0
33.8
135.4
9.9
11.2
16.3
27.8
33.4
510.5
2.3
4.5
34.0
16.4
537.9
2.4
4.6
36.5
537.1
2.5
4.5
36.5
17.8
11.8
3.9
3.4
11.2
100.2
12.1
43.3
4.4
148.3
4.5
2.5
4.3
4.3
7.2
7.2
2.0
(
<;>
(!)
(M
(M
.7
1.3
9
22
11.7
(M
>
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
154.0
1.0
.6
1.3
.8
1.5
1
( )
.8
2.1
11.8
153.5
1.1
.6
1.3
.8
1.5
1
( )
8
2.1
11.7
4.6
.7
63.9
4.6
.7
636
(1)
1.4
3.1
.1
1.2
11.5
.5
1.8
!
(!)
(M
1.4
3.2
.1
1.2
11.6
.5
1.8
1.9
3.5
.1
1.2
12.6
.6
1.8
(M
(M
(M
.5
(!)
(M
4.6
.8
68.4
!
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.0
1.1
7.9
November
17.0
18.9
4.2
92.8
145.7
105.8
45.5
713.7
46.1
52.4
1.5
October
1999
17.0
19.2
(M
(M
1.6
November
1998
15.9
18.4
( )
( )
()
(M
November
1.9
1.8
( )
( )
119.9
144.4
105.3
45.5
October
(M
(M 1.6
1.7
1
(M 1.0
11.2
3.9
3.1
11.7
92.6
11.5
39.7
4.3
140.9
4.3
2.4
4.2
4.2
6.8
7.8
19
36.3
2.5
22
3.2
2.4
4.8
2.6
18.0
11.8
3.9
3.4
11.1
100.1
12.2
43.4
4.4
148.1
4.5
2.6
4.3
4.4
7.2
7.2
2.0
37.6
2.7
2.4
3.6
2.5
5.1
2.5
37.6
2.6
2.3
3.5
2.5
5.0
2.5
7.5
71.9
2.8
9.9
46 2
77.9
10.7
51.3
77.6
10.7
50.7
.7
15.0
1.5
5.6
15.6
1.5
6.1
15.4
1.4
6.0
9.7
194.0
1.6
4.4
(M
2.6
6.0
40.2
204.3
1.7
4.5
2.9
6.1
41.0
64.9
35.0
203.9
(M
/1 \
(M
7.5
2.8
(M
2.8
.6
(M
10.6
9.7
61.5
33.7
(M
(M
3.4
.7
3.4
.7
(M
3.3
.7
1.6
4.5
2.8
6.1
41.4
64.6
35.4
8.9
8.8
8.7
146.0
75.8
10.7
14.2
159.7
82 8
10.9
14.6
155.0
80.8
10.5
13.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .
79.4
103.0
78.7
102.2
79.2
102.5
163
19.0
16.3
19.2
16.2
19.1
101.6
120.2
103.6
122.7
104.3
124.5
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
363.9
22.3
26.5
358.8
22.7
26 8
359.8
22.7
26.9
120.3
81.0
12.9
13.9
21.4
438.9
59.5
68.4
122.1
452.2
63.5
70.9
120.3
80.8
12.9
13.9
21.3
448.2
63.0
70.0
120.7
78.1
12.9
13.2
20.8
125.2
126.5
49.8
4.7
14.7
49.7
4.6
14.9
49.9
46
14.8
17.0
2.0
7.0
16.9
2.0
7.0
16.8
1.9
7.0
89.5
13.5
26.4
90.0
13.9
27.9
90.4
13.8
27.9
510.2
44.4
49.0
47.3
63.4
94.7
507.0
44.6
46.9
46.9
62.5
96.9
506.1
44.5
46.7
46.9
62.4
97.7
159.1
11.7
7.8
14.1
70.8
32.4
163.2
11.7
8.0
14.3
73.6
33.1
163.2
11.7
8.0
145
74.8
33.2
641.9
49.4
45.9
88.8
149.9
163.5
644.7
48.3
45.8
89.5
149.7
163.8
653.8
48.9
46.2
89.8
152.4
166.6
1.108.0
9.4
82.2
1,101.5
3.6
9.2
85.7
1,101.4
3.5
9.2
26.0
862
25.9
15.3
12.2
4.7
13.4
14.0
12.2
5.4
13.9
11.8
5.4
13.7
256.4
42.1
113.6
13.7
256.3
571.5
2.6
5.7
21.9
8.1
2.7
4.9
1.6
6.7
131.7
2,149.2
15.7
27.4
133.8
37.8
15.3
23.9
15.7
36.3
2,168.5
16.3
28.3
26.6
568.1
2.6
5.6
21.7
8.1
2.8
49
1.6
6.7
131.3
15.2
74.7
4.5
146.0
3.3
12.1
4.1
6.0
5.4
3.9
3.1
32.4
1.7
2.8
3.8
1.6
4.1
3.0
139.9
37.4
15.5
24.5
16.2
36.1
2,198.2
16.5
284
141.5
37.9
15.7
24.6
16.4
36.4
452.9
59.6
458.7
60.0
464.0
61.0
146.6
3.3
12.1
4.0
6.2
5.4
3.9
3.2
32.4
1.7
2.9
3.8
1.6
4.0
2.9
189.4
19.8
461.9
23.6
17.4
23.4
33.0
39.0
28.1
10.3
167.8
10.0
14.0
21.5
9.7
22.8
14.2
194.2
19.9
470.7
23.8
17.6
23.9
33.1
39.7
28.1
10.5
169.3
9.8
9.9
23.3
14.3
197.3
20.1
479.4
24.1
18.0
24.1
33.6
40.5
28.4
10.5
171.3
10.0
14.2
22.7
10.0
23.5
14.5
South Dakota
Rapid City ...
Sioux Falls ...
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
10.0
5.6
11.0
3.2
16.6
8.2
10.0
5.5
10.9
3.2
16.6
7.7
552.9
2.6
5.4
20.5
8.1
2.8
4.7
1.6
6.6
128.2
14.3
71.5
4.1
143.3
3.4
11.4
4.1
58
5.2
4.0
2.9
32.6
1.7
2.7
3.8
1.6
3.9
2.9
135.1
20.3
83.4
132.9
19.6
82.4
134.0
19.9
82.7
59.6
2.4
46.5
60.4
2.3
47.4
60.3
2.3
47.2
248.3
32.6
172.5
249.2
34.3
169.6
253.8
35.4
173.0
48.9
3.7
19.1
49.3
4.0
18.9
49.6
12.6
1.2
4.7
12.7
1.3
4.7
12.4
1.3
4.6
66.2
6.6
22.6
67.1
7.0
22.4
67.2
6.8
22.3
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
403.8
9.2
402.1
176.1
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.5
31.4
65.7
28.8
9.1
186.2
1.3
186.5
1.3
2.6
1.0
755.1
11.2
17.0
9.8
21.2
164.4
222.5
128.5
37.9
748.2
11.6
16.7
9.3
20.8
163.4
224.0
128.7
37.9
756.8
11.7
17.0
15.1
25.4
70.5
44.1
60.8
19.0
400.7
9.5
8.6
15.0
24.7
70.9
43.3
61.6
19.0
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
376.8
227.5
20.1
24.8
363.6
210.5
20.7
23.6
138.6
81.6
8.2
9.1
142.1
84.3
8.3
9.8
84.6
644.2
325.9
8.3
9.8
49.6
60.6
653.7
329.1
49.3
Texas
Abilene
Amarilto
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
3.6
253.6
41.3
112.4
8.3
219.3
9.4
1.8
19.8
7.8
12.4
7.3
4.8
52.5
10.0
5.5
10.8
3.2
16.4
8.6
8.6
41.8
113.6
8.1
213.3
9.7
1.7
19.7
7.3
12.1
8.1
212.6
9.7
1.7
19.6
7.3
12.1
6.6
5.0
53.0
6.8
5.0
53.0
4.1
19.3
9.5
8.5
14.9
24.7
70.9
43.4
61.7
19.0
360.3
2096
20.7
23.7
See footnotes at end of table.
95
2.6
1.0
3.6
32.5
73.3
30.1
9.1
15.3
75.1
45
36
33.3
73.5
30.2
9.1
141.8
14.0
22.3
59.4
96
21.2
164.5
228.2
131.3
38.3
662.4
335.3
49 6
60.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
29.3
31.2
29.9
31.7
29.9
31.8
159.8
168.7
163.3
172.2
162.4
171.7
65.1
66.0
65 8
66.1
660
66.4
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Qreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
80.7
8.6
223
16.5
84.0
8.8
23.2
16.4
83.9
8.8
23.3
16.6
423.2
66.0
73.7
103.2
440.0
70.7
77.4
108.2
438.6
70.8
77.5
108.6
315.8
51.3
76.0
59.3
320.7
51.4
76.1
59 2
322.2
51.6
76.5
59.6
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
232
2.9
12.4
235
3.2
124
23 6
3.2
12.4
94.4
14.4
314
95.8
14.5
32.5
96.0
14.1
32.7
73.9
7.7
10.3
71.5
7.7
9.8
71.8
7.8
9.9
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
127.4
15.7
6.1
14.9
28.2
42.4
127.6
15.5
6.2
• 15.3
29.1
42.4
127.7
15.5
6.2
15.3
29.2
42.5
715.7
57.6
48.4
88.7
172.5
207.8
725.5
57.5
48.4
90.1
173.8
210.1
723.2
57.5
48.4
89.5
173.6
210.6
392.4
32.9
29.7
56.0
83.4
85.7
388.4
32.9
29.4
55.1
82.1
86.6
389.3
33.0
29.6
55.1
82.7
86.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
504.7
2.6
5.2
32.1
5.3
1.9
3.6
2.7
6.2
153.6
9.7
35.3
6.0
108.2
4.2
2.4
3.7
5.9
5.2
3.9
1.8
46.0
2.6
1.7
4.1
1.5
6.1
2.3
523.7
2.6
5.3
33.1
5.3
1.9
3.7
2.7
6.3
159.6
9.8
36.9
6.2
111.8
4.5
2.6
3.9
60
5.3
3.9
2.0
47.7
26
1.4
4.1
1.5
6.3
2.4
524.6
2.6
5.3
33.1
5.3
1.9
3.6
2.7
6.3
159.9
9.9
37.0
6.2
112.2
4.5
2.5
3.9
60
5.3
3.9
2.0
47.9
26
1.4
4.1
1.5
6.3
2.4
2,561.8
20.0
27.4
178.9
42.3
13.7
28.0
15.9
50.4
568.6
58.5
204.1
19.1
618.0
27.5
12.9
21.5
35.0
32.7
25.0
12.9
219.6
12.2
14.5
24.5
9.6
29.6
16.0
2,671.6
20.2
28.5
186 6
43.0
13.8
27.8
16.2
51.5
594.4
60.8
212.5
19.7
637.0
28.0
13.6
21.7
36.1
33.4
25.6
13.0
236.2
12.9
14.7
25.6
10.1
30.8
16.0
2,673.6
20.2
28.6
187.8
43.1
13.7
27.9
16.1
51.5
593.6
60.9
212.0
19.7
639.2
28.1
13.7
21.8
36.0
33.4
25.7
12.9
235.2
13.1
14.6
25 6
10.1
30.8
16.0
1,555.5
10.4
17.3
132.3
26.8
14.3
23.9
30.6
31.4
207.0
53.4
95 8
27.2
261.8
28.2
15.1
11.7
26.0
38.7
18.3
9.5
136.4
6.1
11.2
11.4
6.4
15.3
12.8
1,582.6
10.0
17.5
133.1
27.0
14.6
24.5
31.2
30.6
211.4
54.3
97.2
26.5
269.7
28.2
15.7
11.8
26.3
40.1
18.4
9.4
133.8
6.2
11.3
11.5
6.5
15.6
13.1
1,593.7
10.1
17.8
133.7
27.3
14.7
24.8
31.8
30.7
213.0
54.5
97.6
26.5
271.2
28.3
15.8
11.9
26.4
40.6
18.4
9.4
134.5
6.1
11.5
11.6
6.6
15.6
13.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
56.4
4.4
45.6
59.5
4.9
48.1
59.6
4.9
48.4
284.4
54.6
191.4
295.4
57.5
194.0
296.3
57.6
194.8
182.0
20.3
114.0
183.6
20.2
116.6
185.4
20.3
118.0
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington
12.4
2.4
4.8
13.1
26
49
131
2.5
49
85.0
8.4
29.5
89.3
8.9
31.1
88.4
8.6
30.6
493
7.2
16.5
49.7
7.0
16.6
49.9
7.0
16.8
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
177.0
1.4
4.5
1.4
4.2
32.7
59.7
45.5
10.3
180.0
1.4
4.9
1.6
4.3
33.3
62.1
48.1
10.5
180.5
1.4
4.8
1.6
4.3
33.2
61.9
48.4
10.6
1,038.5
8.8
20.9
10.1
26.7
202.2
420.5
139.5
44.1
1,075.2
9.3
22.1
10.2
28.0
208.0
442.6
146.3
45.9
1,072.1
9.3
22.1
10.1
28.2
205.7
444.2
146.2
45.8
616.4
5.8
27.5
5.9
13.4
145.7
182.8
104.3
18.2
617.8
6.0
28.0
5.9
13.5
147.2
183.9
104.8
17.7
624.2
6.0
28 0
60
13.6
147.7
185.9
107.3
17.9
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
137.2
83.1
11.0
12.6
141.8
85.4
11.4
13.1
142.3
86.2
11.4
13.2
721.0
396.0
59.5
68.8
745.9
410.0
58.3
73.3
744.8
412.1
57.9
72.7
480.6
189.3
32.8
49.9
476.7
189.3
32.5
49.1
487.7
194.3
32.5
50.1
See footnotes at end of table.
96
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
22.9
1.9
1.4
.3
1.6
730.4
133.8
124.0
71.9
67.7
734.8
135.2
124.8
72.0
67.8
734.9
136.0
125 1
72.6
68.4
2.753.0
200.0
76 3
138.5
70.5
548
71.9
283.5
859 7
82.5
59.5
68.2
2,775.4
204.5
77.1
141.7
69.7
55.1
73.4
286.4
864.4
82.5
60.1
69.0
2.778.0
205.0
76.9
142.1
68.9
556
73.4
289.2
866.5
82.5
60.2
69.7
Wyoming
Casper
226 2
30.8
234.9
32.1
230.6
31.7
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
981.9
67.6
70.4
75 6
611.5
971.0
67.0
65.1
76.2
604.8
976.4
67.3
66.3
77.8
606.1
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
41.7
See footnotes at end of table.
97
November
1999P
November
1998
20.5
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5
20.5
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5
36.5
6.7
55
4.7
2.8
37.1
7.3
5.7
4.7
3.0
36.0
7.2
5.6
4.7
2.9
2.9
2.8
(1 )
120.0
11.7
3.2
7.1
2.7
24
2.8
14.1
33.1
3.7
25
3.3
125.1
12.4
3.6
7.5
3.0
2.5
3.3
14.6
34.4
3.8
2.5
3.3
123.3
12.5
3.3
7.5
2.9
2.5
3.1
14.7
34.3
3.7
2.5
3.3
16.2
1.9
18.1
2.4
17.4
2.2
59.7
3.1
4.3
6.1
40.8
60.1
2.6
3.8
6.3
41.6
60.9
2.6
3.9
6.9
41.7
2.9
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
j
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
(
1
1
1
16.9
2.0
16.0
1.9
1.3
1.5
)
)
)
(J)
.6
1
<])
(1 )
(J)1
()
(M
j
(M
(
<*)
October
1999
)
S1)
(M
.7
(J)1
()
(M
(J)
( 1 )16.0
1.8
1.5
i1!
.7
1.9
October
1999
(2)
November
1999P
<2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
November
1998
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Mtlwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
82.6
9.9
15.9
12.9
6.2
83.0
10.3
16.1
12.5
63
83.0
10.3
15.9
12.5
6.2
39.5
9.2
7.0
2.7
2.9
39.5
9.6
7.0
2.7
2.7
39.5
9.7
7.0
2.6
2.7
167.6
32.7
32.1
18.3
17.3
166.1
32.9
32.0
18.6
17.2
167.6
33.5
32.2
18.9
17.7
614.4
59.9
13.9
28.7
20.7
12.4
12.1
292
178.9
25.3
24.7
19.3
610.6
60.0
13.6
29.1
19.4
11.5
11.4
29.9
175.6
23.7
25.1
19.1
609.5
60.2
13.5
29.2
18.4
11.5
11.4
30.1
176.1
24.0
25.1
19.1
129.6
8.5
3.5
9.8
3.0
1.9
3.4
9.6
41.4
2.6
1.8
3.4
130.6
9.4
3.6
10.0
2.8
1.9
38
10.0
41.9
2.7
1.8
3.2
130.0
9.4
3.5
10.1
2.7
1.9
3.7
10.0
41.2
2.7
1.8
3.2
621.6
42.7
20.9
32.1
16.6
13.1
19.4
62.6
183.0
17.6
10.7
17.2
620.4
43.0
20.7
33.0
17.0
13.3
19.8
62.2
181.1
17.4
10.7
17.5
627.5
43.4
20.9
33.4
17.1
13.6
20.2
63.7
184.4
17.6
10.8
17.9
11.1
1.5
11.7
1.5
11.5
1.5
13.9
1.8
14.4
1.8
14.4
1.7
51.8
8.4
53.4
8.5
52.7
8.6
145.2
15.4
18.7
9.2
65.6
137.1
15.0
13.7
9.3
64.7
137.3
14.9
14.6
9.1
65.0
26.8
1.1
.8
2.2
20.0
27.6
1.1
.8
2.4
20.1
27.4
1.1
.8
2.2
20.0
204.0
15.8
12.4
13.9
134.4
201.4
16.1
12.3
13.8
132.4
2035
16.2
12.4
14.5
132.9
2.4
<2>
(2)
See footnotes at end of table.
October
1999
98
2.4
(2)
(2)
9.0
<2>
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
State and area
November
1998
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
November
1999P
November
1998
28.9
8.1
4.2
2.6
2.7
29.5
8.0
4.8
2.7
2.6
29.3
8.0
4.8
2.7
2.7
210.4
41.3
36.1
20.9
24.1
215.8
41.4
36.0
21.1
24.4
215.5
41.2
36.2
21.5
24.5
142.0
24.0
145.0
9.7
2.6
9.9
2.0
1.8
2.6
21.7
58.8
2.4
2.2
5.1
149.6
149.8
10.3
3.0
10.3
3.0
9.8
2.1
2.1
1.8
2.7
22.3
59.3
2.5
2.2
5.5
1.8
2.7
22.3
59.5
2.5
2.2
5.5
732.1
46.1
20.2
35.5
16.6
15.2
21.7
73.7
280.4
22.7
11.4
12.8
726.4
45.8
20.2
35.3
16.8
15.2
21.6
73.5
278.1
22.3
11.3
12.9
406.9
23.2
9.8
712.6
44.4
19.9
34.4
16.8
14.6
21.0
71.9
271.2
21.5
11.1
12.3
8.6
1.2
8.5
1.2
8.5
1.2
47.7
8.5
52.1
9.1
49.4
9.1
46.9
1.7
2.0
22
45.3
1.4
1.9
2.3
35.4
44.9
1.4
1.9
2.2
35.0
198.2
12.3
11.2
17.1
133.1
199.9
12.4
11.9
17.5
131.4
200.8
12.4
11.9
17.8
131.8
36.6
10.4
1.9
1
21.8
9.5
10.1
12.3
16.5
8.7
8.6
10.6
74.5
93.2
9.5
6.4
7.7
October
1999
143.3
23.9
21.9
9.4
10.1
November
1999P
143.5
24.3
22.1
9.4
10.2
404.3
23.3
12.4
408.8
23.3
16.7
16.8
8.8
9.0
10.8
75.0
92.9
9.8
8.8
9.0
10.7
73.6
91.7
9.7
6.5
12.5
7.6
6.6
7.7
60.0
5.5
60.7
5.7
60.7
5.6
299.8
18.2
21.0
24.9
298.1
18.4
20.7
24.6
178.5
300.1
18.7
20.8
25.1
179.0
180.4
13.7
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.
Combined with construction.
Not available.
P -preliminary.
2
October
1999
Government
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
34.7
34.7
34.6
34.5
34.6
41.2
41.7
41.5
41.5
41.6
43.8
43.7
44.6
44.7
45.2
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
5.1
5.3
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
44.3
43.5
46.8
43.8
43.5
46.6
44.5
45.6
48.3
44.8
44.2
48.0
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
45.8
45.8
45.7
45.7
44.4
44.6
44.9
45.0
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
42.6
42.0
42.9
42.2
42.6
42.1
43.9
40.3
46.0
43.8
39.8
46.2
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
45.8
47.9
45.9
48.2
46.8
48.3
46.6
48.2
38.6
39.1
40.0
39.5
15
152
153
154
37.9
36.7
35.3
39.1
38.5
37.2
37.6
39.8
38.5
37.5
37.5
39.6
38.5
37.3
36.9
39.7
16
161
162
41.2
40.3
41.6
41.2
39.8
41.8
44.5
46.1
43.7
43.4
44.0
43.1
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
38.1
39.3
36.7
39.8
35.9
37.1
34.1
38.8
39.8
37.1
40.7
36.6
37.0
35.3
39.3
39.6
38.2
40.0
36.7
37.3
36.8
39.0
39.0
37.6
39.6
36.7
37.5
36.7
42.2
42.8
41.5
40.4
42.4
42.9
41.3
42.4
42.4
41.4
42.9
44.3
39.1
39.4
39.4
41.2
42.6
43.3
41.7
39.4
42.7
43.0
42.0
43.0
42.9
42.6
42.4
44.5
39.8
39.3
39.4
41.1
42.0
42.5
41.4
42.2
43.0
43.5
41.8
41.7
41.4
41.5
42.8
41.4
39.2
38.5
38.2
40.7
42.2
42.7
41.3
41.3
43.0
43.5
41.8
41.8
41.7
41.7
42.8
41.6
39.7
38.3
38.0
40.8
42.6
43.1
41.2
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.3
4.9
5.3
3.6
5.1
4.7
4.8
5.8
6.7
3.4
2.8
2.6
4.0
4.9
5.2
4.7
5.1
5.1
5.4
4.0
5.4
4.4
5.9
5.3
6.9
4.0
2.7
2.6
3.7
4.9
4.9
4.5
5.4
5.4
5.9
3.8
4.7
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.4
3.5
2.5
2.2
4.1
4.9
5.0
4.3
4.7
5.2
5.7
3.7
4.5
4.1
4.8
5.0
5.3
3.8
2.3
1.9
4.0
40.9
39.8
40.4
39.3
39.8
38.6
43.8
41.0
42.2
41.2
41.5
40.8
40.5
41.5
41.0
39.9
43.4
41.9
42.2
41.6
40.5
39.5
39.7
39.3
40.9
39.0
42.4
41.7
41.7
40.1
40.5
39.7
39.9
39.5
41.0
39.3
43.5
40.5
41.1
40.5
41.6
3.6
2.9
3.3
2.4
3.4
2.7
4.5
4.7
4.3
4.4
4.0
3.5
3.3
3.7
4.0
3.4
4.6
5.4
4.4
4.4
3.8
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.7
3.2
4.8
5.2
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.4
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.8
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
See footnotes at end of table.
100
38.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
$13.00
$13.00
$13.41
$13.44
$13.48
$451.10
$451.10
$463.99
$463.68
$466.41
14.50
14.56
15.04
15.03
15.10
597.40
607.15
624.16
623.75
628.16
17.29
17.29
17.00
16.94
17.22
757.30
755.57
758.20
757.22
778.34
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
18.45
20.39
17.10
18.22
20.37
16.87
18.48
20.34
16.48
18.43
20.09
16.36
817.34
886.97
800.28
798.04
886.10
786.14
822.36
927.50
795.98
825.66
887.98
785.28
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
19.24
19.49
19.41
19.67
19.31
19.53
19.35
19.59
881.19
892.64
887.04
898.92
857.36
871.04
868.82
881.55
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
17.33
23.49
14.18
17.30
23.49
13.94
16.74
23.15
13.50
16.60
23.08
13.32
738.26
986.58
608.32
730.06
1,000.67
586.87
734.89
932.95
621.00
727.08
918.58
615.38
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
14.94
14.11
14.94
14.15
15.30
14.68
15.25
14.61
684.25
675.87
685.75
682.03
716.04
709.04
710.65
704.20
16.82
16.87
17.49
17.38
649.25
659.62
699.60
686.51
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
17.43
674.54
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
15
152
153
154
16.18
15.08
15.39
17.22
16.24
15.10
15.16
17.30
16.80
15.52
15.77
18.07
16.72
15.49
15.71
17.93
613.22
553.44
543.27
673.30
625.24
561.72
570.02
688.54
646.80
582.00
591.38
715.57
643.72
577.78
579.70
711.82
16
161
162
16.42
16.30
16.47
16.25
16.02
16.33
17.35
17.87
17.09
16.95
17.15
16.85
676.50
656.89
685.15
669.50
637.60
682.59
772.08
823.81
746.83
735.63
754.60
726.24
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
17.13
17.32
15.53
18.69
16.87
16.75
15.00
17.23
17.50
15.45
18.82
16.93
16.63
15.18
17.74
17.93
15.89
19.41
17.29
17.39
15.61
17.69
17.88
15.75
19.49
17.29
17.66
15.40
652.65
680.68
569.95
743.86
605.63
621.43
511.50
668.52
696.50
573.20
765.97
619.64
615.31
535.85
697.18
710.03
607.00
776.40
634.54
648.65
574.45
689.91
697.32
592.20
771.80
634.54
662.25
565.18
13.69
14.16
11.33
12.84
11.24
11.71
14.09
14.58
11.60
13.53
11.50
11.96
9.88
11.74
11.85
11.75
10.43
14.06
9.36
11.66
11.85
10.95
573.92
602.20
466.46
515.50
475.30
500.21
396.48
483.36
487.60
464.51
436.29
602.48
352.68
450.34
457.04
437.13
583.19
613.13
472.46
505.90
479.95
503.53
400.68
496.22
492.06
497.99
434.60
598.97
363.37
453.92
462.56
436.48
589.68
618.38
479.83
573.50
491.92
518.96
407.97
488.72
489.35
487.21
445.98
586.22
367.70
448.14
451.91
443.22
594.60
622.57
479.08
558.79
494.50
520.26
412.98
490.73
494.15
489.98
446.40
584.90
371.59
446.58
450.30
446.76
605.77
634.86
481.22
9.13
11.55
11.74
10.62
14.04
14.55
11.59
13.59
11.44
11.93
9.76
11.72
11.82
11.74
10.42
14.16
9.38
11.64
11.83
10.89
14.22
14.73
11.68
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
13.60
14.07
11.24
12.76
11.21
11.66
9.60
11.40
11.50
11.22
10.17
13.60
9.02
11.43
11.60
10.61
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
10.99
10.38
10.00
11.12
9.78
10.86
11.87
12.33
11.59
11.05
11.10
10.52
10.05
11.32
9.73
11.16
12.03
12.53
11.56
11.19
11.33
10.78
10.27
11.66
9.99
11.33
12.03
12.47
11.95
11.41
11.35
10.79
10.27
11.64
10.01
11.51
12.19
12.25
12.04
11.50
11.49
449.49
413.12
404.00
437.02
389.24
419.20
519.91
505.53
489.10
455.26
460.65
429.22
407.03
469.78
398.93
445.28
522.10
525.01
487.83
465.50
458.87
425.81
407.72
458.24
408.59
441.87
510.07
520.00
498.32
457.54
459.68
428.36
409.77
459.78
410.41
452.34
530.27
496.13
494.84
465.75
477.98
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
9.54
11.54
11.47
11.69
10.25
13.46
See footnotes at end of table.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
1987
SIC
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
43.8
42.6
42.9
44.6
41.9
43.6
44.9
42.1
41.8
45.1
47.7
45.2
44.1
43.0
41.9
48.8
43.8
43.5
42.8
44.6
41.7
43.5
44.2
42.7
42.7
44.8
47.9
44.8
43.7
44.1
42.8
52.9
44.0
43.5
42.4
43.5
41.8
42.7
43.7
41.8
41.7
45.8
47.4
44.5
46.3
43.3
43.4
46.5
44.1
42.1
42.3
43.2
41.8
43.7
44.6
41.8
42.0
45.6
47.2
44.5
45.7
44.1
43.9
45.9
43.1
6.4
6.9
5.5
6.7
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.0
5.0
8.0
9.9
7.8
7.5
5.4
2.9
10.9
6.3
7.4
5.4
6.6
4.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.2
7.5
9.8
7.2
7.0
5.9
3.3
11.8
6.8
5.4
5.3
6.1
4.9
4.9
5.6
5.4
4.7
8.8
9.9
7.5
9.5
5.7
3.7
9.6
6.7
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.1
5.6
6.0
5.3
4.7
8.5
9.5
7.3
9.0
5.8
3.7
8.9
44.2
43.7
44.1
43.7
45.0
45.8
46.5
43.9
43.3
44.0
44.3
44.5
42.3
44.8
44.5
45.0
44.6
43.7
43.5
45.8
45.7
47.0
44.0
43.8
43.9
44.4
44.6
44.8
43.7
45.1
45.2
45.1
44.3
44.9
45.3
44.8
44.4
45.8
42.0
42.2
43.9
44.2
44.2
42.6
42.3
44.2
43.3
43.6
44.7
45.4
45.8
45.5
45.0
46.7
43.9
41.6
44.8
44.8
44.7
43.3
43.3
44.8
43.5
43.9
45.4
46.3
6.3
5.2
5.4
5.5
6.5
7.4
7.7
5.3
7.3
8.2
7.5
8.6
9.4
7.2
5.8
6.1
6.5
5.3
5.1
6.7
6.8
8.0
6.9
5.2
6.8
7.1
7.9
8.6
10.1
7.7
6.2
6.3
6.7
6.5
6.8
6.3
6.8
7.9
7.3
4.5
7.0
7.7
7.8
8.4
9.1
7.7
5.3
5.3
6.9
6.8
7.3
6.4
6.9
8.2
8.1
4.1
7.8
8.5
8.0
8.7
10.0
7.8
5.5
6.0
42.8
44.0
44.1
42.9
44.1
42.3
43.3
41.4
43.5
42.9
44.7
41.7
43.3
41.7
42.5
43.4
41.8
45.3
43.9
44.3
44.7
41.9
41.6
41.4
42.0
40.5
41.9
42.0
41.8
40.4
43.4
44.0
43.9
43.6
44.3
43.7
43.6
42.5
42.8
43.5
46.4
42.0
44.2
42.0
42.4
44.0
42.3
45.9
44.4
44.0
45.6
42.2
42.2
42.0
42.5
41.8
43.5
42.8
42.5
41.4
42.4
45.1
45.3
42.2
43.4
41.6
44.0
42.1
43.3
42.3
43.8
42.2
42.2
41.5
41.3
42.8
41.8
43.9
42.9
42.0
43.6
42.1
42.0
41.6
42.7
43.0
44.1
41.7
41.1
41.0
42.7
45.3
45.5
42.9
43.6
42.6
43.8
41.6
43.4
42.4
43.8
42.2
43.1
41.4
40.6
43.2
42.2
44.4
43.0
42.9
43.6
42.1
42.2
41.8
42.9
42.4
43.6
42.3
41.7
42.0
43.4
4.9
6.7
6.7
4.6
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.3
5.0
5.2
7.0
4.1
5.3
4.3
5.2
5.1
4.3
6.0
5.6
5.8
6.3
4.3
5.0
5.0
4.9
3.6
3.4
3.9
4.1
3.7
5.3
6.6
6.5
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.6
5.5
7.6
4.2
5.7
4.3
4.8
5.7
4.7
6.8
5.9
6.0
6.8
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.9
3.4
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.9
7.1
7.1
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.9
6.1
4.3
5.1
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.4
5.8
5.4
4.9
5.9
4.6
4.9
4.8
5.2
4.2
2.8
4.3
3.5
4.1
5.0
7.2
7.1
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.8
3.7
4.8
4.9
6.3
4.2
5.4
4.1
4.0
5.5
4.7
6.4
5.5
5.2
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.0
5.2
3.9
2.8
4.5
4.0
4.3
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
102
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry-—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
$13.65
18.05
15.55
16.40
14.99
12.14
19.19
12.03
11.84
13.26
12.50
11.86
14.12
13.83
12.64
14.95
$13.70
17.72
15.71
16.56
15.14
12.47
18.88
12.13
11.92
13.22
12.48
11.95
13.99
13.89
12.87
14.99
$14.02
18.40
15.73
17.02
14.97
12.39
19.30
12.32
11.93
13.84
13.24
12.25
14.86
14.18
13.38
14.76
$14.09
18.59
15.75
16.89
15.08
12.61
19.64
12.37
11.97
13.84
13.30
12.17
14.86
14.29
13.47
14.71
$14.07
$597.87
768.93
667.10
731.44
628.08
529.30
861.63
506.46
494.91
598.03
596.25
536.07
622.69
594.69
529.62
729.56
$600.06
770.82
672.39
738.58
631.34
542.45
834.50
517.95
508.98
592.26
597.79
535.36
611.36
612.55
550.84
792.97
$616.88
800.40
666.95
740.37
625.75
529.05
843.41
514.98
497.48
633.87
627.58
545.13
688.02
613.99
580.69
686.34
$621.37
782.64
666.23
729.65
630.34
551.06
875.94
517.07
502.74
631.10
627.76
541.57
679.10
630.19
591.33
675.19
$606.42
33
331
15.35
18.32
20.00
13.86
13.84
14.36
14.13
13.58
17.38
17.44
14.43
15.43
17.07
14.01
12.39
11.97
15.36
18.18
19.81
14.06
14.04
14.53
14.34
13.76
17.21
17.18
14.45
15.45
16.61
14.15
12.55
12.11
16.02
18.96
20.75
14.09
14.97
15.64
14.79
14.00
17.97
18.04
14.65
15.99
17.06
14.34
12.97
12.41
16.14
19.18
20.97
14.31
15.09
15.88
14.56
13.96
17.82
17.79
14.71
16.26
17.26
14.23
12.99
12.60
16.22
19.23
678.47
800.58
882.00
605.68
622.80
657.69
657.05
596.16
752.55
767.36
639.25
686.64
722.06
627.65
551.36
538.65
685.06
794.47
861.74
643.95
641.63
682.91
630.96
602.69
755.52
762.79
644.47
692.16
725.86
638.17
567.26
546.16
709.69
851.30
939.98
631.23
664.67
716.31
621.18
590.80
788.88
797.37
647.53
681.17
721.64
633.83
561.60
541.08
721.46
870.77
960.43
651.11
679.05
741.60
639.18
580.74
798.34
796.99
657.54
704.06
747.36
637.50
565.07
553.14
736.39
890.35
13.21
16.74
17.82
12.37
12.48
12.42
11.89
11.54
12.33
12.67
12.99
10.72
14.07
12.84
12.11
13.48
12.70
14.30
15.40
14.75
17.65
12.70
11.23
11.14
11.37
15.55
16.69
12.68
12.93
11.31
13.34
16.87
17.96
12.44
12.49
12.52
12.06
11.73
12.31
12.79
13.06
10.88
14.11
12.97
12.35
13.61
12.89
14.38
15.54
14.95
17.68
12.93
11.36
11.29
11.48
15.57
16.62
12.84
13.29
11.37
13.50
16.54
17.44
12.36
12.82
12.11
12.25
12.02
12.76
13.06
13.49
10.89
14.40
13.50
12.83
14.00
13.27
14.77
15.60
15.21
17.34
13.38
11.66
11.59
11.76
15.23
16.19
13.05
13.36
11.53
13.57
16.67
17.58
12.40
12.91
12.13
12.27
12.01
12.66
13.09
13.54
10.94
14.38
13.50
13.02
14.02
13.24
14.86
15.77
15.19
17.63
13.48
11.77
11.70
11.87
15.43
16.46
13.10
13.36
11.49
13.70
565.39
736.56
785.86
530.67
550.37
525.37
514.84
477.76
536.36
543.54
580.65
447.02
609.23
535.43
514.68
585.03
530.86
647.79
676.06
653.43
788.96
532.13
467.17
461.20
477.54
629.78
699.31
532.56
540.47
456.92
578.96
742.28
788.44
542.38
553.31
547.12
525.82
498.53
526.87
556.37
605.98
456.96
623.66
544.74
523.64
598.84
545.25
660.04
689.98
657.80
806.21
545.65
479.39
474.18
487.90
650.83
722.97
549.55
564.83
470.72
572.40
745.95
790.03
521.59
556.39
503.78
539.00
506.04
552.51
552.44
590.86
459.56
607.68
560.25
529.88
599.20
554.69
648.40
669.24
638.82
756.02
563.30
489.72
482.14
502.15
654.89
713.98
544.19
549.10
472.73
579.44
755.15
799.89
531.96
562.88
516.74
537.43
499.62
549.44
555.02
593.05
461.67
619.78
558.90
528.61
605.66
558.73
659.78
678.11
651.65
768.67
567.51
496.69
489.06
509.22
654.23
717.66
554.13
557.11
482.58
594.58
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
, 3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
3312
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
Average hourly earnings
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
42.7
44.7
44.6
44.7
40.9
41.5
43.2
42.8
41.1
45.1
42.8
41.2
43.5
42.7
44.1
44.1
42.4
43.4
42.1
40.1
42.6
42.8
42.0
41.6
42.0
43.3
43.1
41.3
41.3
42.4
42.1
43.2
45.6
44.8
45.9
40.9
41.1
44.0
42.9
41.6
46.3
43.9
43.0
44.3
44.0
44.9
44.9
43.6
42.5
42.9
41.1
42.6
43.4
43.0
41.8
43.2
43.2
43.9
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.7
42.3
45.8
45.8
45.8
40.9
41.2
42.8
43.2
39.5
45.2
42.4
40.9
42.4
41.8
44.5
43.1
40.7
41.9
42.2
41.1
40.5
41.8
42.4
40.9
44.2
42.7
42.0
41.6
41.6
40.9
40.2
42.6
45.3
47.7
44.6
42.2
42.7
43.2
43.0
40.6
46.2
43.3
42.4
42.9
42.2
44.7
43.6
41.1
42.7
42.5
41.9
41.3
42.1
42.5
41.6
43.8
43.1
42.1
42.1
41.1
40.5
39.4
43.4
4.9
6.9
5.7
7.3
2.8
2.8
5.2
4.4
3.6
7.1
5.5
4.3
5.7
5.0
5.9
6.5
4.1
4.7
4.5
3.6
5.0
5.0
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.8
3.7
4.5
3.4
4.5
4.9
5.3
7.0
6.0
7.4
3.2
2.9
5.6
4.6
3.6
7.9
6.1
4.8
6.1
5.6
6.5
7.0
4.4
4.4
5.0
4.3
4.8
5.7
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.1
4.7
5.6
4.3
4.9
5.5
4.8
7.2
7.1
7.2
3.0
3.5
4.7
4.7
3.0
7.1
4.2
3.3
5.5
4.4
5.7
6.0
4.3
4.6
4.8
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.6
3.8
6.6
4.8
3.5
4.3
4.7
3.7
3.0
5.1
7.5
8.8
7.2
3.4
3.9
5.0
4.6
3.5
8.3
5.1
3.6
5.7
4.8
6.0
6.2
4.6
4.3
5.0
3.6
4.6
4.3
4.8
4.6
6.6
5.0
3.6
4.6
4.6
4.0
3.3
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
43.0
42.4
42.6
42.6
41.1
42.7
43.2
42.6
42.6
43.3
42.1
43.3
41.9
40.8
40.7
42.9
41.2
43.0
41.8
42.3
42.5
43.0
42.1
42.9
4.9
4.2
4.4
5.0
5.1
5.1
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.4
6.2
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.3
6.9
4.7
5.2
5.3
6.1
5.3
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
42.1
41.2
42.3
40.2
42.0
42.0
41.7
40.8
42.8
39.9
40.6
42.1
41.3
41.3
43.1
40.1
42.2
40.5
43.0
45.1
42.4
42.9
43.4
42.3
42.3
44.4
42.2
42.3
42.3
43.9
41.0
43.0
43.6
42.1
41.2
42.4
41.4
40.6
42.5
41.3
41.3
43.3
41.2
40.3
40.4
43.4
45.2
42.2
42.1
43.1
42.5
42.3
43.9
42.9
41.8
43.2
43.3
43.0
41.7
42.4
40.6
40.9
38.2
40.6
41.0
42.3
42.1
42.3
42.5
40.3
41.2
41.0
41.5
42.7
41.6
42.9
42.6
40.8
42.5
43.7
43.0
42.2
43.2
43.3
43.1
42.6
43.6
41.3
41.6
40.3
40.0
41.9
42.2
43.6
41.8
42.2
40.4
41.1
40.7
41.6
42.8
42.2
43.7
42.6
41.3
42.8
43.6
43.3
4.2
4.1
3.8
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.6
2.4
2.6
2.3
1.9
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.3
3.3
5.9
4.0
3.6
4.1
4.4
3.0
5.1
4.0
5.0
5.3
5.6
4.3
4.6
4.1
5.1
3.8
3.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
3.7
1.4
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.3
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.5
3.2
5.1
4.1
5.0
5.3
5.8
4.1
5.2
5.1
5.3
3.8
4.0
3.3
2.5
0.9
3.3
2.9
4.6
4.0
5.2
4.8
3.8
5.5
4.2
3.4
4.1
4.1
3.3
5.0
3.5
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.2
5.3
5.0
5.6
4.3
4.4
4.0
1.9
1.1
1.4
2.7
4.8
5.5
5.0
4.1
3.7
5.6
4.3
3.3
3.8
4.4
3.9
4.8
4.0
4.5
5.7
4.8
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
104
42.6
Dec.
1999"
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
$14.64
17.68
19.87
16.96
13.77
14.56
13.84
13.96
14.69
13.82
14.31
13.02
15.53
15.10
16.18
16.25
13.59
12.70
15.21
13.29
16.34
15.15
14.13
15.05
15.03
14.88
11.61
15.09
13.63
16.02
17.81
$14.73
17.98
19.99
17.35
13.49
14.38
14.01
14.03
14.75
14.44
14.39
13.00
15.66
15.25
16.27
16.42
13.59
12.79
15.31
13.36
16.15
15.44
14.24
15.28
14.88
14.75
11.93
15.46
13.86
15.89
17.78
$15.18
18.14
21.71
17.11
14.31
15.07
14.26
14.37
14.67
14.77
14.44
13.17
16.08
15.91
16.44
16.81
14.23
12.79
15.95
13.87
16.16
15.33
14.47
15.40
15.20
14.91
11.95
16.13
14.41
16.43
18.31
$15.20
18.11
22.19
16.87
14.32
15.22
14.32
14.44
14.93
14.81
14.66
13.03
16.04
16.00
16.62
16.70
14.29
12.94
15.95
13.91
16.46
15.39
14.54
15.46
15.29
15.19
11.99
16.36
14.36
16.46
18.14
$15.39
$625.13
790.30
886.20
758.11
563.19
604.24
597.89
597.49
603.76
623.28
612.47
536.42
675.56
644.77
713.54
716.63
576.22
551.18
640.34
532.93
696.08
648.42
593.46
626.08
631.26
644.30
500.39
623.22
562.92
679.25
749.80
$636.34
819.89
895.55
796.37
551.74
591.02
616.44
601.89
613.60
668.57
631.72
559.00
693.74
671.00
730.52
737.26
592.52
543.58
656.80
549.10
687.99
670.10
612.32
638.70
642.82
637.20
523.73
667.87
587.66
662.61
723.65
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
14.33
12.97
13.20
14.12
14.70
13.98
14.09
13.03
13.24
14.27
14.86
14.11
13.90
13.68
14.01
14.74
14.96
14.64
14.00
13.62
13.90
14.87
15.14
14.79
616.19
549.93
562.32
601.51
604.17
596.95
608.69
555.08
564.02
617.89
625.61
610.96
582.41
558.14
570.21
632.35
616.35
629.52
585.20
576.13
590.75
639.41
637.39
634.49
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
13.17
13.24
12.06
14.28
12.64
11.66
14.43
12.60
14.11
13.46
10.99
12.58
17.23
13.33
11.95
9.29
12.10
11.65
14.17
15.05
13.40
14.86
17.94
10.94
13.39
15.33
12.96
13.26
13.27
12.21
14.23
12.79
11.86
14.47
12.63
14.20
13.75
11.00
12.71
17.39
13.44
12.01
9.57
12.00
11.75
14.22
15.03
13.57
14.81
18.26
11.13
13.30
15.00
12.79
13.58
12.85
11.92
13.70
12.96
12.00
14.56
13.15
15.13
13.39
11.47
13.13
17.75
13.57
12.31
9.81
12.97
12.34
14.08
14.81
13.89
14.50
18.74
11.44
14.20
15.92
13.94
13.57
12.98
12.04
13.84
13.02
11.89
14.82
13.18
15.63
13.31
11.01
13.30
18.04
13.65
12.42
9.85
13.09
12.58
13.94
14.49
13.82
14.55
18.79
11.27
14.08
15.73
13.88
554.46
545.49
510.14
574.06
530.88
489.72
601.73
514.08
603.91
537.05
446.19
529.62
711.60
550.53
515.05
372.53
510.62
471.83
609.31
678.76
568.16
637.49
778.60
462.76
566.40
680.65
546.91
560.90
561.32
536.02
583.43
549.97
517.10
609.19
520.36
602.08
569.25
446.60
540.18
718.21
555.07
520.03
394.28
483.60
474.70
617.15
679.36
572.65
623.50
787.01
473.03
562.59
658.50
548.69
567.64
555.12
516.14
589.10
540.43
508.80
591.14
537.84
577.97
543.63
470.27
555.40
747.28
574.01
523.18
395.34
534.36
505.94
584.32
632.39
577.82
622.05
798.32
466.75
603.50
695.70
599.42
572.65
560.74
521.33
596.50
554.65
518.40
612.07
548.29
629.89
532.40
461.32
561.26
786.54
570.57
524.12
397.94
538.00
512.01
579.90
620.17
583.20
635.84
800.45
465.45
602.62
685.83
601.00
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
105
13.68
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$642.11 $647.52
820.38
830.81
994.32 1,058.46
783.64
752.40
585.28
604.30
620.88
649.89
610.33
618.62
620.78
620.92
579.47
606.16
667.60
684.22
612.26
634.78
538.65
552.47
681.79
688.12
665.04
675.20
731.58
742.91
724.51
728.12
579.16
587.32
535.90
552.54
673.09
677.88
570.06
582.83
654.48
679.80
640.79
647.92
613.53
617.95
629.86
643.14
671.84
669.70
636.66
654.69
501.90
504.78
671.01
688.76
599.46
590.20
671.99
666.63
736.06
714.72
Dec.
1999P
$667.93
582.77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
44.6
45.2
44.1
44.0
46.4
42.0
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
42.8
44.1
41.0
43.5
42.6
42.2
40.9
40.0
45.7
46.8
46.9
45.6
47.4
42.8
45.0
44.3
46.0
45.3
43.2
44.2
41.8
42.9
42.0
41.7
41.3
39.5
44.1
45.3
46.2
43.2
45.4
43.4
43.0
42.9
44.9
42.1
40.7
41.5
39.6
42.4
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.1
44.1
45.2
45.8
43.2
45.4
43.5
43.1
42.9
44.9
42.4
41.1
42.1
40.0
42.0
41.3
40.4
40.4
39.4
44.6
45.9
5.9
6.3
5.4
6.1
7.2
3.7
6.1
5.7
6.5
6.3
5.1
6.0
3.6
4.5
3.9
3.4
3.3
2.2
6.4
6.9
7.3
5.9
7.2
4.0
6.2
5.5
7.0
6.6
5.3
6.3
3.9
4.4
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.0
6.0
7.0
7.8
4.7
7.1
4.1
4.7
4.6
5.6
4.3
3.6
3.7
3.4
4.7
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.5
5.8
6.6
7.1
4.5
6.9
3.8
4.8
4.5
6.1
4.5
3.8
4.1
3.4
4.5
3.2
2.7
2.6
1.9
42.0
42.5
42.1
42.8
41.4
42.2
41.9
41.2
42.6
40.2
42.2
42.4
41.4
42.0
41.1
42.5
40.0
41.2
41.5
41.6
40.5
40.0
42.5
38.8
42.0
42.4
41.8
43.3
40.9
41.2
42.1
42.1
41.4
40.2
42.7
39.6
42.6
3.3
3.7
3.1
3.9
2.7
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.9
2.4
4.0
2.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
4.7
3.2
2.5
3.7
3.6
4.2
1.5
3.7
2.9
3.5
3.2
3.5
5.0
2.8
3.2
3.6
3.8
3.0
1.8
4.2
2.3
3.8
3.5
3.7
4.9
3.2
3.1
4.0
4.1
3.3
1.7
4.6
3.3
Nov.
1999P
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
41.5
42.2
41.2
40.9
40.5
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.5
40.9
42.3
42.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
40.0
39.9
39.0
40.6
40.1
40.4
40.0
38.2
39.2
39.6
40.4
40.6
40.2
39.1
38.1
41.1
40.2
39.3
40.6
39.0
38.7
38.0
40.9
41.4
40.2
40.3
39.5
39.0
40.9
41.5
40.6
38.8
36.9
35.0
40.5
40.2
40.2
39.8
38.9
39.9
41.1
42.4
40.5
39.6
37.6
35.6
40.2
40.0
40.2
3.2
3.6
3.3
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.4
2.7
3.9
5.4
3.4
4.0
3.1
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.1
1.6
3.6
4.3
3.3
4.2
4.3
2.6
3.1
2.9
3.2
2.0
2.8
2.6
3.6
4.0
3.2
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.2
1.8
3.5
3.9
3.2
3.3
41.3
41.6
41.3
41.4
41.8
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
42.4
42.6
45.2
42.8
40.9
42.1
42.5
42.5
41.6
43.5
40.1
40.8
46.6
48.0
44.0
42.8
43.0
46.4
43.9
40.7
42.5
43.0
42.3
42.7
43.2
41.7
42.4
45.7
47.1
42.0
42.4
42.3
44.6
43.2
40.6
42.5
43.3
42.5
42.1
45.9
41.6
41.1
45.5
46.9
44.0
42.4
42.5
44.8
43.9
40.6
43.2
44.0
42.9
41.2
45.3
40.3
39.1
45.3
46.6
43.4
42.5
5.7
5.7
7.4
6.5
4.5
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.7
7.2
4.6
5.5
8.4
8.9
7.2
5.6
5.8
7.7
6.9
4.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.7
7.0
4.2
5.9
7.8
7.4
6.6
6.0
5.8
7.4
6.8
4.5
5.1
5.0
5.1
6.5
9.0
7.3
5.5
8.1
8.8
7.2
5.8
5.8
7.1
7.1
4.5
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
6.3
5.5
4.8
7.6
8.2
6.5
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
See footnotes at end of table.
106
Dec.
1999P
4.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
$17.56
17.73
21.02
15.17
16.62
11.57
19.56
(2)
$18.46
18.87
23.07
15.33
17.54
11.69
20.30
(2)
20.23
18.06
13.98
15.44
12.07
16.90
20.24
(2)
12.87
13.25
$781.39
799.14
926.10
686.40
769.78
479.64
866.86
12.16
12.16
$18.47
18.93
23.05
15.32
17.65
11.66
20.20
(2)
19.89
17.94
13.95
15.40
12.09
16.79
20.30
(2)
12.86
13.20
$18.69
19.16
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
$17.52
17.68
21.00
15.60
16.59
11.42
19.48
(2)
19.29
17.21
13.63
14.87
11.62
16.52
20.21
(2)
12.29
12.47
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
13.91
17.68
14.19
12.18
14.27
16.79
12.71
11.84
12.07
10.25
16.57
10.28
14.00
17.94
14.23
12.21
14.29
16.39
12.83
12.05
12.13
10.36
16.57
10.59
14.36
17.45
14.43
11.90
14.59
16.97
13.01
12.50
12.21
10.90
18.41
10.80
14.36
17.68
14.42
11.86
14.50
17.02
12.99
12.39
12.22
10.86
18.36
11.08
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
11.03
11.48
11.43
11.38
10.58
10.30
10.70
11.12
9.76
8.87
11.26
12.24
11.12
11.53
11.43
11.37
10.66
10.39
10.78
11.07
9.82
8.83
11.40
12.24
11.47
12.24
12.09
12.37
11.11
10.77
11.26
11.48
10.52
9.51
11.48
12.87
12.90
12.99
11.95
9.81
10.66
11.07
8.82
13.84
12.60
14.51
11.46
15.18
12.46
10.51
15.07
13.40
11.85
12.02
9.89
10.67
11.17
8.90
13.80
12.58
14.45
11.70
15.61
12.97
10.72
15.14
13.17
12.28
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
19.33
17.41
13.63
14.85
11.75
16.35
20.13
(2)
See footnotes at end of table.
107
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$802.49 $814.53 $814.09
857.53
852.92
829.76
985.84 1,064.91 1,056.61
661.82
691.75
662.26
801.31
787.79
796.32
506.04
495.20
508.52
868.60
880.20
874.93
Dec.
1999P
$833.57
879.44
860.33
769.29
583.36
655.77
476.42
718.62
860.95
889.18
788.67
588.82
656.37
491.15
701.42
845.46
893.06
755.27
567.77
639.10
478.76
711.90
832.30
908.33
765.74
574.58
650.02
482.80
709.80
835.91
502.66
498.80
502.21
480.32
524.69
529.32
519.95
522.05
14.42
577.27
746.10
584.63
498.16
577.94
690.07
526.19
485.44
500.91
419.23
700.91
439.98
588.00
762.45
599.08
522.59
591.61
691.66
537.58
496.46
516.74
416.47
699.25
449.02
594.50
732.90
593.07
505.75
583.60
699.16
539.92
520.00
494.51
436.00
782.43
419.04
603.12
749.63
602.76
513.54
593.05
701.22
546.88
521.62
505.91
436.57
783.97
438.77
614.29
11.46
12.21
11.98
12.26
11.04
10.73
11.18
11.42
10.36
9.13
11.55
12.84
11.62
441.20
458.05
445.77
462.03
424.26
416.12
428.00
424.78
382.59
351.25
454.90
496.94
447.02
450.82
435.48
467.31
428.53
408.33
437.67
431.73
380.03
335.54
466.26
506.74
461.09
493.27
477.56
482.43
454.40
446.96
457.16
445.42
388.19
332.85
464.94
517.37
460.69
485.96
466.02
489.17
453.74
454.95
452.79
452.23
389.54
325.03
464.31
513.60
467.12
13.27
13.34
13.45
532.77
540.38
548.05
552.28
562.21
12.10
10.03
10.97
11.11
9.02
14.06
12.78
14.83
11.64
15.53
12.24
10.89
14.96
13.78
12.47
12.23
10.14
10.97
11.28
9.15
14.24
12.86
15.10
11.78
16.08
12.41
11.08
15.13
13.66
12.48
12.32
506.68
417.91
481.83
473.80
360.74
582.66
535.50
616.68
476.74
660.33
499.65
428.81
702.26
643.20
521.40
514.46
425.27
495.09
490.36
362.23
586.50
540.94
611.24
499.59
674.35
540.85
454.53
691.90
620.31
515.76
513.04
424.27
489.26
479.95
366.21
597.55
553.37
630.28
490.04
712.83
509.18
447.58
680.68
646.28
548.68
518.55
430.95
491.46
495.19
371.49
615.17
565.84
647.79
485.34
728.42
500.12
433.23
685.39
636.56
541.63
523.60
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
205
2051
41.1
41.5
41.4
41.2
42.3
41.9
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
40.5
42.0
50.4
54.3
39.7
41.1
44.7
44.5
49.7
43.1
39.7
41.7
43.0
60.2
52.1
40.1
41.9
43.6
44.9
49.6
44.2
40.2
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
38.9
37.8
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
,
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
41.9
42.0
5.1
5.3
4.7
4.8
5.7
5.9
5.8
6.4
43.0
40.9
43.4
54.2
40.0
39.2
44.0
43.7
44.7
43.7
40.6
41.7
41.7
51.8
53.7
40.5
39.7
44.0
44.5
50.2
44.4
40.7
4.6
5.4
11.5
13.2
4.6
4.6
7.2
5.8
9.9
4.7
4.3
4.4
5.4
16.9
9.2
4.1
4.6
6.4
5.1
7.0
5.4
4.7
5.4
5.6
9.0
16.8
5.3
4.5
7.5
6.4
7.4
5.7
5.5
4.8
5.5
14.5
17.5
4.5
4.1
7.2
6.2
10.0
5.6
5.0
37.5
35.6
42.4
39.5
42.7
39.4
44.2
2.8
3.3
3.5
4.3
2.8
1.7
2.9
1.5
41.1
40.9
41.9
37.7
40.6
40.1
40.9
39.4
40.2
40.0
38.5
41.7
43.3
41.3
43.3
40.9
41.7
37.7
41.6
41.4
42.0
41.7
36.9
39.1
39.7
41.3
38.8
39.4
36.2
39.4
42.7
44.1
42.5
44.6
40.8
41.8
37.4
42.6
41.5
42.9
43.2
38.0
41.1
39.3
40.5
37.4
38.8
38.0
40.6
41.4
41.2
42.9
42.3
42.0
42.6
40.5
42.2
41.6
42.9
42.8
38.9
40.5
40.0
40.1
38.5
39.9
38.4
41.0
41.8
42.0
43.4
42.5
42.3
42.5
41.8
41.5
42.0
4.5
5.6
4.9
3.0
3.1
3.6
3.9
3.3
3.3
2.4
3.9
5.0
6.1
4.2
5.8
4.2
4.6
2.9
4.5
4.7
5.6
4.8
2.6
3.3
3.7
4.1
3.1
3.2
1.9
4.2
5.4
6.3
4.9
6.7
4.1
4.5
2.8
4.9
4.4
5.7
5.2
2.3
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.3
4.8
4.7
4.3
5.0
4.2
4.6
5.0
3.4
4.8
4.5
5.5
5.0
2.8
2.8
3.8
3.7
3.2
3.7
1.3
4.8
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.3
4.6
5.0
3.7
4.2
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
37.7
37.1
36.5
35.0
35.5
38.0
36.6
34.7
36.3
37.2
36.9
37.6
37.8
36.9
37.4
38.2
37.7
39.8
35.8
40.9
40.4
37.9
37.7
36.5
35.1
35.4
37.6
36.6
35.2
36.0
37.8
36.7
37.5
37.7
37.1
37.2
37.9
37.3
40.6
37.8
41.3
42.0
37.7
36.9
36.9
36.2
35.8
38.6
36.4
37.0
37.2
35.8
36.3
36.6
37.9
33.5
38.5
37.5
37.5
39.6
36.1
40.1
41.8
37.6
37.3
36.8
36.2
35.5
38.1
36.4
36.2
37.4
35.5
36.3
35.6
36.5
33.1
38.3
37.1
37.6
39.6
36.3
39.3
42.2
38.1
2.2
0.9
1.4
0.9
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
1.4
2.3
2.0
3.2
3.2
4.5
1.6
3.8
1.9
4.6
3.5
2.4
0.9
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.5
2.3
1.7
1.7
1.4
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.8
4.4
1.6
4.3
2.5
4.8
4.8
2.5
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.2
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.5
2.7
1.6
2.2
2.7
1.1
4.0
3.2
1.7
4.0
1.8
4.1
5.8
2.5
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.2
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.7
1.7
2.0
2.4
1.1
3.0
2.9
1.6
4.2
2.4
3.8
6.3
26
262
263
43.9
45.0
44.6
44.3
45.3
46.0
43.8
45.8
43.6
43.9
45.8
43.8
44.3
5.8
6.8
7.4
5.7
6.6
7.7
6.1
7.7
7.6
6.1
7.5
7.8
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
108
Dec.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$12.83
12.84
$12.85
12.84
$12.88
13.14
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
12.81
13.06
10.41
18.28
13.56
12.47
12.98
16.45
24.35
13.25
10.89
12.86
13.15
10.68
17.87
13.72
12.55
13.12
16.37
23.77
13.39
10.91
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
17.31
24.24
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Paperboard mills
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$12.81
13.07
$527.31
532.86
$531.99
529.01
$544.82
550.57
$536.74
548.94
12.47
13.81
11.90
19.29
13.74
13.34
13.42
16.12
23.76
13.17
10.97
12.36
13.83
12.78
19.62
13.82
13.28
13.37
16.46
24.52
13.10
11.09
518.81
548.52
524.66
992.60
538.33
512.52
580.21
732.03
1,210.19
571.08
432.33
536.26
565.45
642.94
931.03
550.17
525.85
572.03
735.01
1,178.99
591.84
438.58
536.21
564.83
516.46
1,045.52
549.60
522.93
590.48
704.44
1,062.07
575.53
445.38
515.41
576.71
662.00
1,053.59
559.71
527.22
588.28
732.47
1,230.90
581.64
451.36
17.05
24.04
17.77
24.67
17.76
24.75
$17.70
673.36
916.27
639.38
855.82
753.45
974.47
758.35
975.15
$782.34
10.51
11.13
11.23
10.93
9.55
9.55
9.02
9.44
8.93
9.71
10.32
10.80
10.65
11.26
10.55
10.21
10.27
10.09
11.95
10.56
10.98
11.31
10.73
9.62
10.72
10.79
10.86
11.11
431.96
455.22
470.54
412.06
387.73
382.96
368.92
371.94
358.99
388.40
397.32
450.36
461.15
465.04
456.82
417.59
428.26
380.39
497.12
437.18
461.16
471.63
395.94
376.14
383.11
366.74
368.21
354.99
352.95
409.37
462.44
469.22
477.70
473.21
419.02
431.38
382.98
511.63
444.88
473.19
498.53
424.08
410.59
389.07
364.91
369.14
367.82
369.74
417.77
445.88
436.72
477.91
451.34
441.42
445.17
432.95
506.82
448.86
476.62
497.34
436.07
401.76
398.80
365.71
382.69
383.04
373.25
420.25
453.53
450.66
486.08
458.58
447.11
447.10
445.59
501.32
456.12
11.03
11.54
11.16
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
8.64
8.83
8.02
7.81
8.29
7.67
8.23
7.42
9.47
8.14
8.08
8.14
8.03
8.45
8.22
8.07
8.25
9.59
8.43
9.29
11.07
9.12
325.73
327.59
292.73
273.35
294.30
291.46
301.22
257.47
343.76
302.81
298.15
306.06
303.53
311.81
307.43
308.27
311.03
381.68
301.79
379.96
447.23
330.11
333.65
294.56
282.56
291.70
289.52
303.05
266.11
344.52
309.58
297.64
310.50
307.26
321.29
297.23
300.17
307.73
393.82
318.28
384.92
480.48
338.92
335.42
308.85
296.48
301.08
316.91
307.58
300.07
374.60
308.95
294.76
305.61
312.30
289.11
328.79
308.25
316.88
396.79
305.41
388.17
486.13
339.90
339.43
307.65
294.67
296.07
312.80
306.12
296.48
371.38
307.79
293.30
298.33
301.13
289.63
324.02
307.19
319.22
404.32
307.10
382.00
517.79
347.47
26
262
263
15.64
20.04
20.03
16.25
686.60
901.80
893.34
699.05
910.08
925.52
706.06
954.01
914.29
708.55
959.05
915.86
719.88
205
2051
9.65
8.88
9.90
11.62
11.21
9.92
9.97
9.01
9.12
9.49
9.87
9.01
9.48
9.73
10.29
10.77
10.60
9.94
9.60
9.72
10.25
10.85
10.73
11.14
10.67
11.20
10.79
10.51
10.45
10.69
12.01
10.57
10.52
8.71
8.85
8.07
8.05
8.24
7.70
8.28
7.56
9.57
8.19
8.11
8.28
8.15
8.66
7.99
7.92
8.25
9.70
8.42
9.32
11.44
8.99
9.09
8.37
8.19
8.41
8.21
8.45
8.11
10.07
8.63
8.12
8.35
8.24
8.63
8.54
8.22
8.45
10.02
8.46
9.68
9.04
9.10
8.36
8.14
8.34
8.21
8.41
8.19
9.93
8.67
8.08
8.38
8.25
8.75
8.46
8.28
8.49
10.21
8.46
9.72
11.63
12.27
15.78
20.09
20.12
16.12
20.83
20.97
16.14
20.94
20.91
9.75
10.39
10.83
10.64
11.24
10.61
10.27
10.32
10.24
12.01
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
109
9.99
Dec.
1999P
10.66
12.08
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
44.3
44.9
43.0
43.6
42.7
41.3
43.0
42.0
44.4
45.1
44.2
43.4
43.0
42.0
43.3
42.3
44.3
44.9
43.5
43.5
42.0
42.5
40.9
41.8
44.0
44.5
43.8
43.3
42.5
43.4
40.4
42.3
27
271
272
273
38.7
33.8
36.7
39.5
38.2
40.6
36.5
40.4
40.3
40.7
42.7
38.9
39.8
38.8
33.8
36.7
40.3
38.2
42.2
36.2
40.2
40.0
40.7
44.8
40.1
39.7
38.6
33.1
37.3
41.6
37.8
45.1
36.0
40.1
40.0
40.1
41.6
39.4
39.6
38.8
33.6
36.7
41.8
39.0
44.4
36.5
40.3
40.2
40.5
42.1
38.9
40.5
43.2
43.4
44.0
42.8
44.3
40.9
43.1
43.7
41.5
45.2
41.1
40.1
42.3
45.1
45.2
45.1
45.4
43.9
43.5
43.2
44.0
43.6
45.5
41.3
43.4
43.9
41.8
44.8
42.8
40.0
43.3
45.3
47.4
44.9
44.9
43.8
43.1
42.9
43.2
44.3
44.7
45.0
41.8
42.3
41.7
45.1
41.7
39.9
42.1
45.7
46.6
45.6
44.9
42.6
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
Chemicals and allied products
28
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
2819
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
283
Pharmaceutical preparations
2834
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
2869
Agricultural chemicals
287
Miscellaneous chemical products
289
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999"
6.1
6.6
4.3
5.8
4.6
3.4
5.3
4.0
6.0
6.6
4.7
5.4
4.6
3.3
5.3
4.5
6.1
6.7
5.2
5.3
4.9
4.2
5.0
4.5
5.9
6.4
5.0
5.2
5.1
4.5
5.1
4.4
39.0
3.4
1.9
2.6
4.1
2.4
5.6
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.8
2.9
3.8
3.4
1.9
2.9
4.2
2.4
5.9
2.8
3.9
3.7
4.0
5.9
3.4
3.4
3.3
1.6
2.5
4.5
2.2
6.6
2.8
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.6
2.9
3.4
3.4
1.9
2.5
4.7
2.8
6.4
3.1
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.7
2.8
4.4
43.5
43.9
44.6
44.0
44.7
44.3
41.7
42.1
42.9
46.9
41.4
41.3
42.3
46.6
45.3
46.9
44.7
42.9
43.8
5.2
5.6
5.9
5.1
5.3
4.3
5.1
4.9
3.9
5.8
3.6
3.2
4.1
6.6
5.9
6.8
7.0
4.7
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.0
5.4
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.2
6.0
3.8
3.6
4.4
6.4
5.9
6.5
6.5
4.8
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
4.6
6.3
4.4
3.7
4.6
6.6
7.2
6.5
6.3
4.9
5.4
5.8
6.1
5.5
5.5
6.1
5.1
5.0
4.8
7.7
4.0
3.5
4.2
6.9
6.0
7.1
6.2
5.1
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
43.9
43.9
44.0
44.7
45.4
43.3
43.2
42.1
45.8
43.0
42.3
44.6
44.0
6.4
5.9
8.1
6.1
5.7
7.6
6.9
5.6
10.4
6.4
5.2
9.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
42.1
42.9
40.5
42.7
43.8
42.7
41.9
42.7
43.7
40.0
43.8
45.6
43.8
42.4
41.6
42.2
42.5
41.6
41.1
42.8
41.4
42.0
42.7
42.0
42.4
42.5
42.8
41.8
42.5
4.6
5.9
5.6
4.2
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.7
5.9
4.7
5.2
6.1
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.8
3.3
4.1
3.9
4.5
4.4
4.6
5.7
2.5
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.6
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
38.0
40.3
37.2
36.7
37.4
37.4
37.8
38.1
41.3
37.1
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.6
37.7
41.5
36.4
36.1
37.4
36.7
38.3
38.2
42.2
37.1
36.3
38.1
37.0
38.3
38.3
2.3
4.2
1.6
1.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
4.4
1.3
0.9
1.5
2.3
1.9
2.2
4.8
1.4
1.5
0.6
1.6
1.9
2.3
4.9
1.3
1.3
0.7
1.8
2.2
33.0
32.9
32.8
32.7
32.8
39.7
39.1
38.4
38.2
38.2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
308
314
3143
3144
316
317
See footnotes at end of table.
110
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
$13.16
13.20
12.99
13.90
13.70
15.77
12.27
12.56
$13.32
13.35
13.38
14.08
13.85
16.02
12.61
12.76
$13.54
13.52
13.59
14.37
14.01
16.31
12.31
13.08
$13.57
13.52
13.61
14.41
14.04
16.41
12.41
13.24
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
13.57
13.31
14.94
13.11
12.12
13.94
12.98
13.79
14.00
13.09
14.47
10.71
16.74
13.68
13.42
15.07
13.16
12.23
13.91
12.95
13.92
14.14
13.21
14.71
10.77
17.05
13.97
13.72
15.37
13.89
13.19
14.44
13.09
14.16
14.50
13.30
14.56
11.02
16.86
14.01
13.70
15.41
13.96
13.33
14.47
13.20
14.18
14.50
13.38
14.51
11.12
17.00
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
17.27
18.89
19.45
18.07
20.02
15.36
17.23
17.03
14.03
17.41
13.59
12.62
14.54
20.77
20.52
20.95
17.55
15.49
17.31
18.85
19.40
18.20
20.24
15.42
17.09
16.87
14.35
17.65
13.83
12.91
14.61
20.70
20.45
20.87
17.38
15.59
17.72
19.92
20.52
18.41
21.15
15.30
17.61
17.52
14.98
18.31
14.24
13.23
15.11
20.92
20.91
21.03
17.61
15.93
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
20.96
23.60
15.73
21.22
23.55
16.08
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
11.97
18.55
10.24
11.84
11.70
11.73
11.37
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$582.99
592.68
558.57
606.04
584.99
651.30
527.61
527.52
$591.41
602.09
591.40
611.07
595.55
672.84
546.01
539.75
$599.82
607.05
591.17
625.10
588.42
693.18
503.48
546.74
$597.08
601.64
596.12
623.95
596.70
712.19
501.36
560.05
$14.11
525.16
449.88
548.30
517.85
462.98
565.96
473.77
557.12
564.20
532.76
617.87
416.62
666.25
530.78
453.60
553.07
530.35
467.19
587.00
468.79
559.58
565.60
537.65
659.01
431.88
676.89
539.24
454.13
573.30
577.82
498.58
651.24
471.24
567.82
580.00
533.33
605.70
434.19
667.66
543.59
460.32
565.55
583.53
519.87
642.47
481.80
571.45
582.90
541.89
610.87
432.57
688.50
$550.29
17.74
19.73
20.37
18.42
21.28
15.10
17.63
17.55
15.12
18.72
14.25
13.12
15.19
20.84
20.55
21.00
17.70
16.09
17.87
746.06
819.83
855.80
773.40
886.89
628.22
742.61
744.21
582.25
786.93
558.55
506.06
615.04
936.73
927.50
944.85
796.77
680.01
752.99
814.32
853.60
793.52
920.92
636.85
741.71
740.59
599.83
790.72
591.92
516.40
632.61
937.71
969.33
937.06
780.36
682.84
763.73
854.57
886.46
815.56
945.41
688.50
736.10
741.10
624.67
825.78
593.81
527.88
636.13
956.04
974.41
958.97
790.69
678.62
771.69
866.15
908.50
810.48
951.22
668.93
735.17
738.86
648.65
877.97
589.95
541.86
642.54
971.14
930.92
984.90
791.19
690.26
782.71
21.68
24.74
16.95
21.81
24.94
16.74
21.87
920.14
1,036.04
692.12
948.53
1,069.17
696.26
936.58
1,041.55
776.31
937.83
1,054.96
746.60
962.28
12.08
18.53
10.22
12.05
11.96
11.84
11.47
12.37
19.23
10.36
12.66
12.66
12.16
11.71
12.40
19.20
10.32
12.64
12.56
12.22
11.74
12.53
503.94
795.80
414.72
505.57
512.46
500.87
476.40
515.82
809.76
408.80
527.79
545.38
518.59
486.33
514.59
811.51
440.30
526.66
520.33
520.45
484.79
520.80
819.84
433.44
535.94
533.80
523.02
490.73
532.53
9.44
12.37
9.07
9.77
7.92
9.09
8.29
9.43
12.25
9.05
9.75
7.94
8.75
8.15
9.83
12.75
9.53
10.17
8.11
9.01
9.82
12.70
9.52
10.17
8.11
8.95
9.88
359.28
505.93
335.76
357.83
291.40
321.13
298.29
370.59
529.13
346.89
367.14
303.31
330.67
335.89
375.12
535.94
353.19
369.17
308.99
331.15
336.27
378.40
8.77
8.78
358.72
498.51
337.40
358.56
296.21
339.97
313.36
12.52
12.50
413.16
12.93
12.98
411.25
422.79
12.89
422.81
425.74
614.56
15.86
15.89
606.05
605.18
15.76
605.85
607.00
15.48
15.50
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
111
Dec.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
4011
46.5
44.4
44.3
44.3
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
34.4
38.9
40.3
34.3
38.6
39.8
34.3
38.4
40.0
33.9
38.2
39.2
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
40.3
40.2
41.7
40.4
40.3
41.3
40.8
40.7
40.8
40.8
40.7
41.3
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
38.3
37.8
35.3
35.9
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
46.0
45.9
42.5
42.2
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
39.5
39.6
40.6
39.1
38.2
38.0
38.9
37.6
38.1
37.4
37.4
38.6
37.7
36.8
36.8
38.4
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
40.9
42.4
42.9
35.8
40.5
40.6
42.4
42.7
35.3
39.4
40.3
41.2
42.0
36.0
41.8
40.1
41.0
41.5
35.8
41.2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
43.2
42.9
43.6
43.5
43.9
42.1
40.8
42.7
43.3
43.7
42.0
41.3
41.8
43.5
42.4
41.8
41.1
41.7
43.5
42.1
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.4
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
39.4
37.7
37.2
40.3
40.7
40.1
41.6
39.9
39.2
39.8
37.0
39.0
37.7
37.4
40.4
39.6
39.5
41.4
39.4
38.9
39.3
36.9
39.2
37.5
38.2
40.8
39.6
40.0
41.2
39.7
39.0
39.4
38.0
39.1
37.2
38.4
40.4
39.4
39.5
41.2
39.6
39.3
39.4
37.6
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
37.6
37.8
37.2
37.2
38.4
34.9
40.4
38.3
37.7
36.2
37.5
37.2
36.8
36.3
38.8
33.6
40.2
38.3
37.7
36.3
37.8
36.5
37.3
36.5
38.9
37.4
40.6
37.6
37.6
36.8
37.5
36.7
37.4
36.4
38.8
34.0
40.3
37.2
37.6
36.4
28.9
29.2
28.8
28.7
35.0
36.8
35.9
30.3
31.2
34.8
36.5
34.8
30.7
31.8
35.4
37.2
34.7
30.4
33.0
35.5
37.5
34.7
30.3
32.2
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
See footnotes at end of table.
112
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1999P
38.5
29.2
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3
1987
SIC
Code
4011
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$17.80
$17.76
$17.58
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$17.58
$827.70
$788.54
$778.79
$778.79
Dec.
1999P
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
11.36
11.88
13.43
11.36
11.90
13.11
11.64
12.13
13.64
11.72
12.27
13.78
390.78
462.13
541.23
389.65
459.34
521.78
399.25
465.79
545.60
397.31
468.71
540.18
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
13.74
13.99
11.26
13.78
14.01
11.49
14.07
14.29
11.84
14.15
14.37
11.94
553.72
562.40
469.54
556.71
564.60
474.54
574.06
581.60
483.07
577.32
584.86
493.12
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
21.00
20.66
20.12
20.43
804.30
780.95
710.24
733.44
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
20.99
20.88
22.36
22.51
965.54
958.39
950.30
949.92
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
14.00
14.55
14.85
13.81
14.34
15.14
15.59
14.01
14.21
14.20
14.50
14.62
14.45
14.61
15.00
14.69
553.00
576.18
602.91
539.97
547.79
575.32
606.45
526.78
541.40
531.08
542.30
564.33
544.77
537.65
552.00
564.10
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
17.53
18.04
18.54
18.13
14.20
17.65
18.08
18.71
18.41
14.49
17.25
17.41
17.89
18.70
14.65
17.41
17.56
18.10
18.87
14.74
716.98
764.90
795.37
649.05
575.10
716.59
766.59
798.92
649.87
570.91
695.18
717.29
751.38
673.20
612.37
698.14
719.96
751.15
675.55
607.29
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
20.47
21.75
19.16
24.29
16.05
20.23
21.38
18.92
23.85
16.29
20.73
21.78
19.02
24.62
17.22
20.79
22.01
19.46
23.85
17.31
884.30
933.08
835.38
1,056.62
704.60
851.68
870.66
872.30
899.51
807.88
795.04
1,032.70 1,070.97
711.87
730.13
869.02
904.61
811.48
1,037.47
728.75
14.34
14.32
14.78
14.86
15.02
13.23
13.27
13.46
17.70
17.66
14.08
16.08
14.03
15.13
11.52
14.96
13.13
13.20
13.41
17.72
17.53
13.92
15.95
13.97
15.09
11.59
15.52
13.43
13.27
13.89
18.65
17.83
14.64
16.12
14.40
15.64
12.01
13.35
13.81
17.67
13.00
13.30
10.20
15.52
12.02
15.57
11.04
13.41
13.57
17.73
13.11
13.39
10.22
15.48
12.09
15.81
11.09
8.86
10.63
11.12
10.87
8.68
9.61
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
554.96
549.89
570.51
570.62
15.59
13.47
13.45
13.89
18.74
17.83
14.61
16.21
14.41
15.72
12.04
591.79
498.77
493.64
542.44
720.39
708.17
585.73
641.59
549.98
602.17
426.24
583.44
495.00
493.68
541.76
701.71
692.44
576.29
628.43
543.43
593.04
427.67
608.38
503.63
506.91
566.71
738.54
713.20
603.17
639.96
561.60
616.22
456.38
609.57
501.08
516.48
561.16
738.36
704.29
601.93
641.92
566.31
619.37
452.70
13.72
13.97
19.09
12.99
13.62
10.39
16.03
12.62
15.57
11.32
13.79
13.86
18.99
13.12
13.75
10.54
16.11
12.64
15.54
11.29
501.96
522.02
657.32
483.60
510.72
355.98
627.01
460.37
586.99
399.65
502.88
504.80
652.46
475.89
519.53
343.39
622.30
463.05
596.04
402.57
518.62
509.91
712.06
474.14
529.82
388.59
650.82
474.51
585.43
416.58
517.13
508.66
710.23
477.57
533.50
358.36
649.23
470.21
584.30
410.96
8.88
9.20
9.21
256.05
259.30
264.96
264.33
10.58
11.06
11.05
11.57
10.87
9.06
10.12
11.14
11.66
10.98
9.06
10.14
372.05
409.22
390.23
263.00
299.83
368.18
403.69
377.23
265.25
304.96
391.17
430.40
377.19
275.42
333.96
395.47
437.25
381.01
274.52
326.51
10.84
8.64
9.59
See footnotes at end of table.
$14.98
113
9.25
Dec.
1999P
$576.73
270.10
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
53
531
533
539
29.5
29.6
27.5
29.9
31.0
31.1
29.2
31.0
29.0
29.0
27.6
30.0
28.7
28.7
27.3
29.8
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
29.7
29.8
28.8
29.4
29.4
28.9
29.6
29.7
28.6
29.6
29.8
28.2
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
35.5
37.1
38.2
31.9
36.1
35.2
36.8
37.8
31.6
35.3
35.7
36.7
38.4
32.5
34.8
35.5
36.6
38.3
32.3
35.7
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
26.4
28.2
23.4
27.5
26.3
27.4
29.4
24.3
28.9
27.4
25.8
28.3
23.1
26.3
26.7
25.6
28.0
22.7
26.2
26.7
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
33.0
33.1
34.2
32.7
32.6
24.2
33.5
33.3
34.9
33.5
34.8
25.1
32.7
33.0
33.9
32.3
31.7
24.9
32.5
33.0
33.3
31.8
31.2
24.5
Eating and drinking places4
58
25.4
25.4
25.5
25.3
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
29.4
28.7
30.3
27.4
33.1
38.5
30.5
34.0
30.5
30.4
29.0
30.5
28.8
35.2
38.2
31.3
33.5
31.1
29.2
28.8
30.6
27.3
32.2
37.0
30.1
33.2
30.1
29.2
28.9
30.2
27.1
32.9
37.3
30.1
32.4
30.3
36.9
36.2
36.1
36.0
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
36.4
36.5
36.1
36.9
35.9
35.2
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.6
35.4
35.4
35.1
35.6
35.3
35.2
35.1
34.8
35.3
35.3
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
39.8
40.5
38.3
38.7
37.2
38.1
37.4
38.3
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
39.5
37.6
37.6
37.5
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
39.0
39.0
38.9
39.3
39.0
39.0
38.8
38.5
38.9
39.6
38.7
38.5
38.5
39.2
39.3
38.6
38.6
38.3
39.2
38.8
32.8
32.6
32.7
32.7
34.6
33.8
35.5
35.0
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
114
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1999P
36.1
32.7
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
53
531
533
539
$8.56
8.61
7.65
8.40
$8.62
8.67
7.63
8.47
$9.10
9.17
7.81
8.89
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
9.18
9.28
8.22
9.14
9.24
8.31
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
12.24
15.41
10.20
7.95
13.62
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
Eating and drinking places4
58
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Nov.
1999P
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$9.08
9.15
7.72
8.93
$252.52
254.86
210.38
251.16
$267.22
269.64
222.80
262.57
$263.90
265.93
215.56
266.70
$260.60
262.61
210.76
266.11
9.34
9.42
8.60
9.33
9.42
8.59
272.65
276.54
236.74
268.72
271.66
240.16
276.46
279.77
245.96
276.17
280.72
242.24
12.20
15.31
10.21
7.99
13.62
12.65
15.95
10.47
8.28
13.21
12.65
15.89
10.56
8.29
13.34
434.52
571.71
389.64
253.61
491.68
429.44
563.41
385.94
252.48
480.79
451.61
585.37
402.05
269.10
459.71
449.08
581.57
404.45
267.77
476.24
8.60
10.17
8.53
8.44
8.29
8.59
10.24
8.47
8.43
8.39
9.00
10.53
9.04
8.68
8.77
9.00
10.55
9.06
8.73
8.65
227.04
286.79
199.60
232.10
218.03
235.37
301.06
205.82
243.63
229.89
232.20
298.00
208.82
228.28
234.16
230.40
295.40
205.66
228.73
230.96
12.04
11.43
11.29
12.86
11.77
7.13
12.15
11.55
11.59
12.90
12.33
7.08
12.39
11.80
11.43
13.21
11.99
7.64
12.31
11.79
11.46
13.06
11.89
7.50
397.32
378.33
386.12
420.52
383.70
172.55
407.03
384.62
404.49
432.15
429.08
177.71
405.15
389.40
387.48
426.68
380.08
190.24
400.08
389.07
381.62
415.31
370.97
183.75
6.45
6.53
6.71
6.73
163.83
165.86
171.11
170.27
9.52
10.18
8.01
8.77
9.91
13.11
9.66
11.37
9.96
9.53
10.20
8.09
8.71
10.10
13.26
9.75
11.49
10.11
9.91
10.62
8.26
9.13
10.33
13.26
10.06
11.51
10.51
9.92
10.73
8.24
9.10
10.33
13.41
10.02
11.66
10.42
279.89
292.17
242.70
240.30
328.02
504.74
294.63
386.58
303.78
289.71
295.80
246.75
250.85
355.52
506.53
305.18
384.92
314.42
289.37
305.86
252.76
249.25
332.63
490.62
302.81
382.13
316.35
289.66
310.10
248.85
246.61
339.86
500.19
301.60
377.78
315.73
14.43
14.40
14.68
14.72
532.47
521.28
529.95
529.92
Dec.
1999P
$14.74
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
11.08
10.71
10.37
10.93
10.81
11.11
10.69
10.37
10.91
10.79
11.25
10.78
10.51
10.96
11.10
11.36
10.90
10.47
11.18
11.09
403.31
390.92
374.36
403.32
388.08
391.07
374.15
362.95
381.85
384.12
398.25
381.61
368.90
390.18
391.83
399.87
382.59
364.36
394.65
391.48
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
15.10
12.39
15.07
12.25
15.50
12.74
15.31
12.65
600.98
501.80
577.18
474.08
576.60
485.39
572.59
484.50
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
21.37
21.26
21.96
21.95
844.12
799.38
825.70
823.13
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
16.92
15.34
16.25
16.67
18.29
16.76
15.29
16.08
16.51
18.05
17.07
15.56
16.35
16.68
18.62
17.08
15.53
16.58
16.86
18.47
659.88
598.26
632.13
655.13
713.31
653.64
593.25
619.08
642.24
714.78
660.61
599.06
629.48
653.86
731.77
659.29
599.46
635.01
660.91
716.64
13.15
13.18
13.54
13.60
431.32
429.67
442.76
444.72
10.16
10.26
10.57
10.70
351.54
346.79
375.24
374.50
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
115
13.71
Dec.
1999P
$532.11
448.32
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
074
078
28.7
37.0
28.1
36.4
28.7
38.3
28.3
37.8
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
31.2
30.0
31.2
30.6
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
34.3
28.0
27.6
34.4
28.4
26.6
34.4
27.7
28.1
34.4
28.2
27.8
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
73
731
33.8
37.6
33.9
36.6
33.8
36.1
33.9
36.1
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
36.2
28.5
39.0
27.6
39.2
37.3
40.7
39.1
36.0
28.6
38.2
27.7
39.2
37.4
41.0
39.1
36.7
29.0
37.9
28.2
38.5
34.9
40.8
38.6
36.4
29.0
37.5
28.3
38.1
34.7
41.3
37.9
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
32.5
39.1
38.8
40.7
39.1
40.8
33.4
34.8
37.0
33.0
38.3
38.5
39.2
38.7
39.8
33.5
34.9
36.9
32.4
38.8
37.6
39.4
39.8
39.5
33.6
35.3
37.5
32.8
38.5
37.9
39.4
38.8
39.5
33.6
35.6
37.3
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
35.6
36.5
36.3
32.9
37.9
38.0
37.8
30.1
26.5
35.6
35.9
35.5
33.0
37.9
38.1
37.7
30.4
27.3
35.4
35.7
35.2
32.5
37.6
38.1
36.8
30.6
28.1
35.4
35.6
35.1
33.0
37.3
37.9
36.7
31.0
28.8
Miscellaneous repair services
76
37.9
37.9
38.1
37.8
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
30.4
39.5
23.4
30.5
40.5
23.2
30.9
40.1
23.8
31.0
40.5
23.4
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.4
25.3
26.0
19.8
27.4
26.3
25.1
25.9
19.1
28.8
26.1
25.4
25.5
19.6
27.4
26.1
25.5
25.6
19.4
27.1
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
33.2
33.1
28.4
30.6
32.8
32.0
34.9
33.0
32.8
28.4
30.1
32.5
31.8
34.9
33.0
33.6
27.6
30.3
32.3
31.4
34.7
32.9
32.8
27.9
30.3
32.4
31.5
34.7
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
See footnotes at end of table.
116
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$10.19
10.21
$10.22
10.33
$10.42
10.65
$10.51
10.78
$292.45
377.77
$287.18
376.01
$299.05
407.90
$297.43
407.48
701
9.12
9.24
9.39
9.47
284.54
277.20
292.97
289.78
721
723
729
8.55
9.41
9.38
8.60
9.72
9.54
8.88
9.90
9.94
8.87
9.91
9.99
293.27
263.48
258.89
295.84
276.05
253.76
305.47
274.23
279.31
305.13
279.46
277.72
73
731
12.84
17.87
12.82
18.09
13.30
18.96
13.36
19.12
433.99
671.91
434.60
662.09
449.54
684.46
452.90
690.23
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
11.45
8.32
11.46
8.32
11.42
7.95
11.74
8.70
11.80
8.33
13.76
16.68
11.85
12.99
17.02
11.97
11.91
8.68
11.93
8.29
13.58
13.29
18.13
12.13
12.32
414.49
237.12
451.23
218.04
511.56
486.39
678.88
463.34
412.56
237.95
436.24
220.22
517.83
485.83
697.82
468.03
437.10
251.72
452.15
233.78
522.83
463.82
739.70
468.22
427.34
252.30
442.50
235.74
524.26
472.96
742.99
466.93
10.28
21.89
25.06
21.10
15.98
17.50
10.23
8.41
13.74
10.36
21.73
24.78
21.09
15.67
17.46
10.26
8.48
13.91
10.59
22.64
25.83
22.07
15.67
17.11
10.62
8.73
13.81
10.63
22.69
25.78
21.65
15.62
17.51
10.69
8.84
14.22
334.10
855.90
972.33
858.77
624.82
714.00
341.68
292.67
508.38
341.88
832.26
954.03
826.73
606.43
694.91
343.71
295.95
513.28
343.12
878.43
971.21
869.56
623.67
675.85
356.83
308.17
517.88
348.66
873.57
977.06
853.01
606.06
691.65
359.18
314.70
530.41
11.26
11.32
10.75
9.63
8.26
10.79
9.67
11.58
11.11
10.20
8.67
12.94
13.53
11.63
11.15
400.86
392.38
349.57
271.75
477.54
506.54
468.72
258.26
199.55
402.99
387.36
343.29
280.50
480.19
510.54
468.99
262.35
208.57
409.93
396.63
359.04
281.78
486.54
515.49
470.67
266.22
216.93
411.70
396.94
355.21
284.13
486.77
519.99
470.86
268.15
221.18
074
078
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
Miscellaneous repair services
76
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Nov.
1998
11.57
7.90
13.05
13.04
13.21
8.50
12.67
13.40
12.44
13.63
17.99
10.12
8.61
Dec.
1999P
8.63
7.64
12.79
8.70
7.72
13.05
13.72
12.83
8.65
7.68
13.48
13.57
13.95
13.98
510.89
514.30
531.50
528.44
78
781
784
15.46
20.95
7.23
15.39
20.90
15.79
20.89
7.48
15.72
20.97
7.60
469.98
827.53
169.18
469.40
846.45
166.58
487.91
837.69
178.02
487.32
849.29
177.84
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
10.06
7.64
9.27
8.94
9.78
10.14
7.64
9.41
9.06
10.09
7.85
9.43
9.42
9.94
10.28
7.87
9.63
9.65
10.09
265.58
193.29
241.02
177.01
267.97
266.68
191.76
243.72
173.05
288.86
263.35
199.39
240.47
184.63
272.36
268.31
200.69
246.53
187.21
273.44
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
13.90
14.49
14.38
13.06
9.87
9.43
13.97
14.58
14.40
15.13
14.96
13.01
10.35
9.93
16.15
14.39
15.05
15.10
13.08
10.39
10.01
16.13
461.48
479.62
408.39
399.64
323.74
301.76
546.53
461.01
478.22
412.08
391.00
323.38
302.42
548.28
475.20
508.37
412.90
394.20
334.31
311.80
560.41
473.43
493.64
421.29
396.32
336.64
315.32
559.71
Hospitals
12.60
13.33
12.40
8.58
7.53
15.66
7.18
10.03
14.51
12.99
9.95
9.51
15.71
See footnotes at end of table.
117
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
808
29.0
28.8
29.5
29.5
Legal services
81
35.5
34.8
34.9
34.8
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
31.6
31.8
31.0
30.0
32.7
33.0
31.2
31.6
30.7
29.6
32.2
32.7
31.2
31.1
30.9
29.9
32.2
32.9
31.2
31.1
30.8
29.8
32.3
32.7
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
36.0
35.1
35.6
35.4
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
37.6
39.5
39.7
38.9
38.2
36.7
36.8
39.7
31.3
36.3
36.7
35.5
37.3
34.6
37.1
39.2
39.7
37.9
37.9
35.9
36.4
39.1
31.8
35.8
36.1
35.1
36.5
34.1
37.1
39.3
39.8
37.9
37.3
36.5
36.1
38.8
31.1
35.7
36.0
35.8
36.5
35.6
37.0
39.2
39.6
38.1
37.6
36.3
36.0
38.9
30.2
36.1
36.0
35.3
36.6
35.3
Services, nee
89
35.9
35.4
35.8
35.6
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
See footnotes at end of table.
118
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1999P
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
1987
SIC
Code
808
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$11.65
$11.68
$12.16
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
$12.16
$337.85
$336.38
$358.72
$358.72
Dec.
1999P
Legal services
81
18.60
18.54
19.21
19.31
660.30
645.19
670.43
671.99
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
9.37
9.88
9.16
8.12
9.45
11.32
9.40
9.86
9.16
8.16
9.52
11.23
9.72
10.18
9.40
8.45
9.85
11.76
9.73
10.20
9.41
8.46
9.85
11.79
296.09
314.18
283.96
243.60
309.02
373.56
293.28
311.58
281.21
241.54
306.54
367.22
303.26
316.60
290.46
252.66
317.17
386.90
303.58
317.22
289.83
252.11
318.16
385.53
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
18.53
18.39
18.83
18.87
667.08
645.49
670.35
668.00
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
18.27
19.97
20.93
17.84
14.00
15.91
18.46
20.56
15.19
21.46
17.74
15.85
20.29
16.35
18.18
19.89
20.84
17.76
13.90
15.73
18.33
20.30
14.86
21.69
17.71
15.80
20.37
16.24
18.78
20.57
21.44
18.68
14.60
15.93
18.47
20.38
14.78
22.23
18.71
16.49
21.86
16.96
18.84
20.61
21.52
18.64
14.57
16.08
18.54
20.43
14.85
22.25
18.72
16.64
21.78
17.52
686.95
788.82
830.92
693.98
534.80
583.90
679.33
816.23
475.45
779.00
651.06
562.68
756.82
565.71
674.48
779.69
827.35
673.10
526.81
564.71
667.21
793.73
472.55
776.50
639.33
554.58
743.51
553.78
696.74
808.40
853.31
707.97
544.58
581.45
666.77
790.74
459.66
793.61
673.56
590.34
797.89
603.78
697.08
807.91
852.19
710.18
547.83
583.70
667.44
794.73
448.47
803.23
673.92
587.39
797.15
618.46
Services, nee
89
17.71
17.64
18.95
18.94
635.79
624.46
678.41
674.26
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
4
Dec.
1999P
Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
5
119
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 andSIC3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue ofEmployment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Oct.
1998
Nov.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Oct.
1998
Nov.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$21.51
$21.54
$22.28
$22.25
$21.55
$21.61
$21.72
$21.63
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
21.59
21.63
22.35
22.32
21.78
21.83
21.86
21.73
= preliminary.
120
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
12.87
$12.94
$13.27
$13.32
$13.42
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
13.31
10.66
10.53
12.72
14.34
12.49
13.85
12.55
16.42
13.38
10.61
13.36
10.73
10.59
12.78
14.32
12.58
13.88
12.63
16.41
13.44
10.71
13.75
10.99
10.82
13.02
14.90
12.77
14.36
12.95
17.30
13.78
11.02
13.78
11.02
10.85
13.09
14.97
12.82
14.35
12.93
17.33
13.74
11.02
13.88
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
12.23
11.20
16.71
9.96
8.39
14.67
12.99
16.29
19.53
11.36
9.17
12.31
11.28
16.29
9.99
8.45
14.82
13.11
16.34
19.87
11.44
9.17
12.55
11.30
17.20
10.18
8.69
15.07
13.39
16.68
20.08
11.74
9.55
12.62
11.44
17.17
10.24
8.75
15.10
13.42
16.69
20.31
11.75
9.53
$12.71
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Industry
Manufacturing
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$13.00
7.84
$13.00
7.84
$13.41
7.87
$13.44
7.88
$13.48 $451.10 $451.10 $463.99 $463.68 $466.41
272.07 272.07 272.45 271.79
(2)
(2)
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
17.29
10.43
17.29
10.43
17.00
9.98
16.94
9.93
$17.22
(2)
757.30
456.76
755.57
455.71
758.20
445.21
757.22 $778.34
443.86
(2)
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
16.82
10.14
16.87
10.17
17.49
10.27
17.38
10.19
$17.43
(2)
649.25
391.59
659.62
397.84
699.60
410.80
686.51 $674.54
402.41
(2)
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.60
8.20
13.69
8.26
14.04
8.24
14.09
8.26
$14.22
(2)
573.92
346.15
583.19
351.74
589.68
346.26
594.60 $605.77
348.53
(2)
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.48
9.34
15.50
9.35
15.76
9.25
15.86
9.30
$15.89
(2)
614.56
370.66
606.05
365.53
605.18
355.36
605.85 $607.00
355.13
(2)
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.34
8.65
14.32
8.64
14.78
8.68
14.86
8.71
$14.98
(2)
554.96
334.72
549.89
331.66
570.51
335.00
570.62 $576.73
334.48
(2)
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
8.86
5.34
8.88
5.36
9.20
5.40
9.21
5.40
$9.25
(2)
256.05
154.43
259.30
156.39
264.96
155.58
264.33 $270.10
154.94
(2)
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.43
8.70
14.40
8.69
14.68
8.62
14.72
8.63
$14.74
(2)
532.47
321.15
521.28
314.40
529.95
311.19
529.92 $532.11
310.62
(2)
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.15
7.93
13.18
7.95
13.54
7.95
13.60
7.97
$13.71
(2)
431.32
260.14
429.67
259.15
442.76
259.99
444.72 $448.32
260.68
(2)
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
Nov.
1998
Dec.
1998
Oct.
1999
Nov.
1999P
Dec.
1999P
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
122
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
State and area
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
Average weekly earnings
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1996
October
1999
November
1999P
43.0
43.0
45.9
42.2
41.2
42.5
42.6
41.2
41.6
$12.24
12.90
13.66
$12.54
13.34
14.14
$12.56
13.28
14.35
$526.32
554.70
626.99
$529.19
549.61
600.95
$535.06
547.14
596.96
37.6
43.6
36.0
13.07
12.63
13.67
491.43
550.67
492.12
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
Arizona
40.0
40.7
40.4
12.37
12.63
12.71
494.80
514.04
513.48
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
41.8
42.6
43.1
41.9
40.1
41.8
40.6
41.5
41.4
40.3
41.7
40.7
41.7
41.1
39.9
11.19
10.79
11.33
11.91
13.24
11.57
11.51
11.34
12.38
13.46
11.67
11.23
11.58
12.35
13.10
467.74
459.65
488.32
499.03
530.92
483.63
467.31
470.61
512.53
542.44
486.64
457.06
482.89
507.59
522.69
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
42.1
41.6
41.7
42.6
42.0
42.4
43.6
42.2
41.3
39.9
40.6
40.6
42.9
41.5
40.6
424
42.5
43.0
41.8
41.2
41.1
42.3
42.4
41.7
43.0
42.7
41.4
43.2
40.0
40.5
41.7
41.8
40.9
41.9
41.8
42.7
42.1
40.5
41.5
42.6
43.0
41.8
43.4
42.4
40.9
43.2
40.5
40 5
42.6
41.9
40.7
41.7
41.7
42.5
13.84
13.91
12.15
12.95
13.94
15.71
13.13
12.19
14.89
14.33
13.67
14.75
17.03
14.28
15.32
13.45
15.89
12.43
13.99
13.89
12.17
13.03
14.12
15.71
13.54
12.51
15.13
13.94
13.65
14.82
17.32
14.35
15.70
13.40
16.05
12.59
14.01
13.89
12.24
13.01
14.19
15.73
13.52
12.54
15.16
13.90
13.62
14.92
17.36
14.42
15.71
13.39
16.00
12.59
582.66
578.66
506.66
551.67
585.48
666.10
572.47
514.42
614.96
571.77
555.00
598.85
730.59
592.62
621.99
570.28
675.33
534.49
584.78
572.27
500.19
551.17
598.69
655.11
582.22
534.18
626.38
602.21
546.00
600.21
722.24
599.83
642.13
561.46
670.89
537.59
589.82
562.55
507.96
554.23
610.17
657.51
586.77
531.70
620.04
600.48
551.61
604.26
739.54
604.20
639.40
558.36
667.20
535.08
Colorado
Denver
41.7
43.5
40.9
41.3
41.8
42.1
13.92
13.00
14.39
13.75
14.41
13.60
580.46
565.50
588.55
567.88
602.34
572.56
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford- Norwalk
Waterbury
43.2
420
428
436
42.6
43.2
39.6
443
42.7
41.2
42.8
42.9
42.3
42.9
40.2
43.9
43.0
42.2
42.9
43.2
42.3
42.9
39.9
44.8
14.94
15.19
15.02
15.67
14.86
15.66
13.71
14.21
15.64
16.15
15.37
16.39
14.95
16.09
13.44
14.53
15.64
15.91
15.65
16.42
15.04
16.13
13.42
14.74
645.41
637.98
642.86
683.21
633.04
676.51
542.92
629.50
667.83
665.38
657.84
703.13
632.39
690.26
540.29
637.87
672.52
671.40
671.39
709.34
636.19
691.98
535.46
660.35
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
43.6
39.8
44.8
44.5
41.6
45.9
44.3
41.1
46.1
15.62
13.71
18.66
15.92
14.43
19.14
15.92
14.15
19.15
681.03
545.66
835.97
708.44
600.29
878.53
705.26
581.57
882.82
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
39.6
39.4
40.3
14.82
15.21
15.30
586.87
599.27
616.59
42.1
42.4
43.1
11.56
11.85
12.00
486.68
502.44
517.20
41.9
42.0
486
41.2
40.1
46.9
41.7
40.4
47.1
12.17
12.96
15.73
12.63
13.41
16.51
1261
13 32
16.33
509.92
544.32
764.48
520.36
537.74
774.32
525.84
538.13
769.14
38.7
40.0
39.3
39.8
38.1
39.3
12.79
12.84
13.36
13.20
13.43
13.03
494.97
513.60
525.05
525.36
511.68
512.08
39.8
39.6
40.0
12.94
13.88
13.72
515.01
549.65
548.80
41.9
39.4
41.6
42.2
430
42.3
41.2
42.8
42.2
41.2
42.3
41.3
41.6
42.6
39.9
40.0
43.2
40.7
43.8
39.2
42.3
41.4
40.8
42.6
40.6
40.5
42.2
40.6
42.9
39.6
13.84
17.56
11.26
13.54
15.64
16.87
15.55
16.49
15.40
12.45
14.14
18.70
11.93
13.84
15.62
16.64
15.63
16.47
16.78
12.64
14.11
18.86
12.24
13.84
15.77
16.64
15.69
16.64
16.46
12.80
579.90
691.86
468.42
571.39
672.52
713.60
640.66
705.77
649.88
512.94
598.12
772.31
496.29
589.58
623.24
665.60
675.22
670.33
734.96
495.49
596.85
780.80
499.39
589.58
640.26
673.92
662.12
675.58
706.13
506.88
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
Average hourly earnings
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
Average weekly earnings
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
South Bend
Terre Haute
435
40 5
40.4
43.8
41.9
44.5
44.3
49.3
44.1
45.6
41.5
45.9
428
41.2
39.8
43.9
41.7
43.3
44.2
49.9
43 1
45.5
40.9
44.8
43.0
40.9
39.5
43.7
41.8
43.8
44.1
49.4
43.1
45.6
41.1
45.3
$15.04
11.99
1254
14.29
14.80
18.77
15.54
22.48
15.87
14.85
12.29
14.75
$15.42
13.38
13.72
15.20
15.78
20.22
15.50
23.38
16 66
15.00
12.42
13.85
$15.41
13.57
13.94
14.92
15.66
20.47
15.49
23.05
16.61
15.03
12.57
14.01
$654.24
485.60
506.62
625.90
620.12
835.27
688.42
1,108.26
699.87
677.16
510.04
677.03
$659.98
551.26
546.06
667.28
658.03
875.53
685.10
1,166.66
718.05
682.50
507.98
620.48
$662.63
555.01
550.63
652.00
654.59
896.59
683.11
1,138.67
715.89
685.37
516.63
634.65
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Oubuque
Sioux City
42.2
42.2
42 8
40.0
39.4
41 6
40.4
39.5
39.3
40.7
41.9
405
40.9
40.0
40.2
14.01
17.63
14.04
15.79
12.06
14.05
17.40
14.35
15.40
11.96
14.16
17.69
14.63
15.34
12.04
591.22
743.99
600.91
631.60
475.16
584.48
702.96
566.83
605.22
486.77
593.30
716.45
598.37
613.60
484.01
Topeka
Wichita
41.4
41.4
429
41.2
38.4
41.5
41.3
39.0
41.6
14.07
16.35
16.23
14.55
16.71
16.72
14.53
17.07
16.62
582.50
676.89
696.27
599.46
641.66
693.88
600.09
665.73
691.39
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
41.6
42.2
42.8
41.8
42.8
42.2
42.2
43.1
42.2
13.91
13.99
15.74
14.36
15.12
16.36
14.36
15.16
16.41
578.66
590.38
673.67
600.25
647.14
690.39
605.99
653.40
692.50
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
44.0
43.6
44.5
42.5
43.2
44.3
44.1
42.9
44.1
44.3
44.3
43.6
14.44
16.96
14.85
14.88
15.41
17.99
15.15
15.21
15.33
17.95
14.91
14.76
635.36
739.46
660.83
632.40
665.71
796.96
668.12
652.51
676.05
795.19
660.51
643.54
41.0
42.8
43.6
41.0
41.9
44.8
41.6
41.9
44.6
13.32
11.89
11.30
14.07
12.48
11.74
13.88
12.53
11.52
546.12
508.89
492.68
576.87
522.91
525.95
577.41
525.01
513.79
42.2
42.2
42.2
41.6
41.9
41.3
14.33
14.76
14.53
15.48
14.36
15.34
604.73
622.87
613.17
643.97
601.68
633.54
42.4
41.5
42.8
42.8
41.6
41.1
41 0
41.3
42.3
41.2
41.3
43.0
13.91
15.21
13.54
14.12
14.33
15.64
13.90
14.54
14.37
15.72
13.93
14.55
589.78
631.22
579.51
604.34
596.13
642.80
569.90
600.50
607.85
647.66
575.31
625.65
43.9
456
43.6
43.3
42.2
41.6
43.4
43.4
47.2
44.9
45.5
46.2
44.7
42.6
41.3
43.6
42.1
46.1
44.5
45.5
45.5
46.0
42.9
41.3
43.3
42.2
47.0
18.23
19.88
20.13
27.50
15.49
12.60
16.08
19.59
22.79
18.09
19.85
20.15
24.84
15.06
13.21
14.80
19.84
23.31
18.02
19.74
19.95
25.20
14 99
13.14
14.88
19.14
22.52
800.30
906.53
877.67
1,190.75
653.68
524.16
697.87
850.21
1,075.69
812.24
903.18
930.93
1,110.35
641.56
545.57
645.28
835.26
1,074.59
801.89
898.17
907.73
1,159.20
643.07
542.68
644.30
807.71
1,058.44
41.1
40.1
42.3
42.9
42.0
38.7
42.3
43.4
41.7
39.9
42.4
42.8
13.95
12.66
14.78
13.45
14.54
12.72
15.61
13.94
14.41
12.90
15.43
14.13
573.35
507.67
625.19
577.01
610.68
492.26
660.30
605.00
600.90
514.71
654.23
604.76
41.8
41.7
41.3
41.7
41.5
42.1
10.80
12.15
11.25
13.13
11.31
13.14
451.44
506.66
464.63
547.52
469.37
553.19
41.4
43.9
42.5
40.5
41.2
42.6
41.9
41.6
40.9
42.2
42.0
41.3
13.74
14.28
16.62
11.60
13.86
14.58
16.03
11.85
13.93
14.69
16.19
11.81
568.84
626.89
706.35
469.80
57103
621.11
671.66
492.96
569.74
619.92
679.98
487.75
Bbomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
ivi u nc i ©
.
. .
•
Lewiston-Auburn
r*^onIQno
WWl y i 0 l m\J
Baltimore PMSA
Massachusetts
Boston
Worcester
Detroit
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
•VII11116*U M*
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
Mississippi
Jackson
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
•
•
364
39 5
38.5
13.17
14.13
14.23
479.39
558.14
547.86
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
42.8
44.5
43.4
41.5
45.6
42 1
41.5
45.9
41.7
12.43
14.02
13.04
13.07
14.72
13.63
12.83
14.71
13.46
532.00
623.89
565.94
542.41
671.23
573.82
532.45
675.19
561.28
Nevada
Las Vegas
43.1
40.9
40.6
41.7
41.3
41.9
14.47
16.38
13.80
12.85
13.81
13.00
623 66
669.94
56028
535.85
570.35
544.70
See footnotes at end of table.
124
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
41.4
41.8
42.0
40.2
40.3
38.8
41.8
40.2
40.6
39.3
41.6
41.3
$12.88
13.43
15.08
12.20
$13.06
14.01
13.60
13.09
$13.22
14.59
13.63
13.15
New Jersey
42.4
41.9
42.2
14.62
15.21
15.22
619.89
637.30
642.28
New Mexico
Albuquerque
39.7
38.5
38.1
37.8
38.2
38.1
12.31
13.53
12.62
14.45
12.71
14.39
488.71
520.91
480.82
546.21
485.52
548.26
New York
Abany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
NewYorkPMSA
NewYorkCity
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
41.5
43 1
41.3
42.9
40.6
42.4
41.0
39.3
39.0
40.5
43.4
42.4
42.7
40.0
40.0
41.4
42.8
42.4
43.8
41.5
41.6
40.0
39.5
39.0
41.3
41.8
43.9
41.6
40.0
41.9
41.9
434
42.2
44.8
42.3
41.7
39.5
39.8
39.2
42.7
42.2
44.3
41.9
40.3
42.7
13.71
14.68
10.69
17.46
12.10
12.74
12.48
12.47
12.21
11.18
15.39
15.84
14.73
12.17
13.14
14.16
15.75
11.19
18.22
11.97
12.96
13.14
12.77
12.50
11.34
16.11
16.00
15.37
12.47
13.36
14.19
15.64
11.35
18.09
11.91
13.11
13.14
12.80
12.52
11.45
16.25
16.09
15.41
12.57
13.32
568.97
632.71
441.50
749.03
491.26
540.18
511.68
490.07
476.19
452.79
667.93
671.62
628.97
486.80
525.60
586.22
674.10
474.46
798.04
496.76
539.14
525.60
504.42
487.50
468.34
673.40
702.40
639.39
498.80
559.78
594.56
678.78
478.97
810.43
503.79
546.69
519.03
509.44
490.78
488.92
685.75
712.79
645.68
506.57
568.76
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
41.3
41.4
41.0
40.6
423
41.8
42.2
41.7
40.7
44.1
42.0
42.6
42.5
41.0
43.9
12.02
11.43
12.97
12.33
13.19
12.46
11.72
13.49
12.59
13.49
12.51
11.62
13.54
12.65
13.55
496.43
473.20
531.77
500.60
557.94
520.83
494.58
562.53
512.41
594.91
525.42
495.01
575.45
518.65
594.85
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
38.4
40.5
40.8
39.9
40.3
39.5
11.46
11.16
12.47
11.91
12.40
11.95
440.06
451.98
508.78
475.21
499.72
472.03
Ohio
43.5
43.2
40.4
44.0
43.7
42.4
44.1
46.2
43.6
44.1
41.3
43.5
42.9
43.3
42.1
39.7
43.4
44.0
42.7
44.6
46.2
42.7
43.5
41.6
44.1
42,9
43.6
42.2
40.3
44.0
44.2
42.7
45.3
46.1
43.3
44.2
42.0
44.2
42.8
16.10
13.35
13.98
15.44
15.84
14.91
17.48
17.51
16.69
16.34
17.54
17.36
18.08
16 32
13.65
13.91
15.93
15.77
15.10
17.19
17.69
16.79
16.49
18.06
18.44
17.93
16.38
13.79
14.02
15.96
15.82
15.19
17.15
17.97
16.85
16.33
17.61
18.27
18.02
700.35
576.72
564.79
679.36
692.21
632.18
770.87
808.96
727.68
720.59
724.40
755.16
775.63
706.66
574.67
552.23
691.36
693.88
644.77
766.67
817.28
716.93
717.32
751.30
813.20
769.20
714.17
581.94
565.01
702.24
699.24
648.61
776.90
828.42
729.61
721.79
739.62
807.53
771.26
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City ....
Tulsa
41.8
41 8
41.9
43.0
45.0
43.1
42.5
44.3
42.6
12.92
14.18
13.43
12.67
14 33
13.14
12.67
14.01
13.02
540.06
592.72
562.72
544.81
644.85
566.33
538.48
620.64
554.65
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
41.4
41.5
40.2
41.3
40.9
40.3
40.6
39.6
40.7
386
40.7
40.8
39.8
41.8
38.5
14.46
13.67
13.10
14.85
12.42
14.74
13.93
13.78
15.14
12.56
14.78
13.97
13.72
15.21
12.60
598.64
567.31
526.62
613.31
507.98
594.02
565.56
545.69
616.20
484.82
601.55
569 98
546.06
635.78
485.10
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
42.5
43.1
40.5
45.3
40.7
40.6
41.4
42.0
42.5
424
41.0
43.0
422
40.9
44.9
42.2
41.6
39.7
44.6
41.0
39.0
41.4
41.9
43.3
43.4
41.6
41.5
43.7
41.4
43.1
42.4
42.2
40.8
45.2
40.8
39.5
41.1
422
43.0
43.1
41.6
41.8
43.4
40.1
43.2
14.18
14.78
12.52
14.45
14.02
10.58
13.01
15.40
15.27
15.23
12.87
14.16
12.49
11.42
15.01
14.35
14.62
12.54
14.73
14.37
10.80
13.35
15.85
15.33
15.35
13.07
14.28
12.44
11.93
15.02
14.40
14.81
12.60
14.73
14.54
10.89
13.44
15.85
15.28
15.57
13.13
14.21
12.66
11.97
15.16
602.65
637.02
507.06
654.59
570.61
429.55
538.61
646.80
648.98
645.75
527.67
608.88
527.08
467.08
673.95
605.57
608.19
497.84
656.96
589.17
421.20
552.69
664.12
663.79
666.19
543.71
592.62
543.63
493.90
647.36
610.56
624.98
514.08
665.80
593 23
430.16
552.38
668.87
657.04
671.07
546.21
593.98
549.44
480.00
654.91
Akron
Canton-M ass il Ion
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
See footnotes at end of table.
125
November
1998
$533.23
561.37
633.36
490.44
October
1999
$526.32
543.59
568.48
526.22
November
1999P
$536.73
573.39
567.01
543.10
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
November
1998
October
1999
Average hourly earnings
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
Average weekly earnings
November
1999P
November
1998
October
1999
November
1999P
40.2
41.3
39.7
41.1
40.0
41.1
$11.72
12.07
$12.05
12.31
$12.02
12.47
$471.14
498.49
$478.39
505.94
$480.80
512.52
42.8
42.7
43.0
1060
10.91
10.96
453.68
465.86
471.28
42.4
40.5
43.6
42.9
40.3
44.6
43.1
40.1
45.1
10.42
10.54
10.84
10.65
10.80
11.12
10.66
9.95
10.21
441.81
426.87
472.62
456.89
435.24
495.95
459.45
399.00
460.47
40.8
42.0
38.9
42.1
40.5
40.5
40.6
41.5
41.2
41.1
40.2
40.1
40.8
40.3
41.5
41.3
38.9
40.8
12.15
11.29
12.99
12.01
13.13
12.93
12.57
11.65
13.18
12.69
13.34
13.46
12.63
11.75
13.23
12.64
13.70
13.53
495.72
474.18
505.31
505.62
531.77
523.67
510.34
483.48
543.02
521.56
536.27
539.75
515.30
473.53
549.05
522.03
532.93
552.02
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
44.0
435
43.5
44.6
42.4
43.3
42.1
43.1
449
42.8
43.5
42.1
43.5
44.6
43.0
12.15
12.42
13.21
14.44
9.83
12.29
12.48
13.41
14.47
10.04
12.30
12.51
13.42
14.55
10.02
534.60
540.27
574.64
644.02
416.79
532.16
525.41
577.97
649.70
429.71
535.05
526.67
583.77
648.93
430.86
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
41.1
40.9
40.9
41.2
40.5
41.1
13.26
13.01
13.57
13.18
13.54
13.24
544.99
532.11
555.01
543.02
548.37
544.16
Vermont
Burlington
39.8
43.4
39.8
39.6
40.4
37.6
13.32
14.96
14.03
14.64
13.95
14.90
530.14
649.26
558.39
579.74
563.58
560.24
42.8
42.9
44 9
41 3
48.8
403
42.3
42.5
42.1
42.7
49.9
463
44.5
43.2
45.6
41.0
44.7
39.9
42.7
48.8
48.8
45.6
429
44.2
40.5
44.7
40.8
13.05
10.74
10.64
12.83
13.00
14.83
13.42
1626
14.28
13.48
12.94
11.02
13.36
13.17
14.72
13.91
16.65
14.28
13.50
12.88
11.30
13.49
13.30
14.72
13.95
16.57
14.55
558.54
460.75
477.74
529.88
634.40
597.65
567.67
691.05
601.19
575.60
645.71
510.23
594.52
568.94
671.23
570.31
744.26
569.77
576.45
628.54
551.44
615.14
570.57
650.62
564.98
740.68
593.64
Washington
41.4
41.4
40.9
15.90
16.22
16.33
658.26
671.51
667.90
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling
42.4
48.9
43.9
43.2
42.1
41.4
49.8
40.4
42.2
40.5
42.1
49.9
40.0
43.2
42.6
14.05
16 33
16.12
17.35
17.14
14.19
16.48
15.07
18.11
17.04
14.31
16.43
14.93
18.26
17.02
595.72
798.54
707.67
749.52
721.59
587.47
820.70
608.83
764 24
690.12
602.45
819.86
597.20
788.83
725.05
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
"Wausau
42.5
44.6
42.4
42.0
46.0
39.3
42.9
41.0
42.1
43.0
43.7
42.9
42.4
44.4
42.5
43.2
42.8
39.8
40.9
40.3
42.0
41.8
42.5
43.8
42.6
45.3
42.7
43.2
42.0
403
41.2
40.4
42.5
41.9
424
43.9
14.37
15.56
12.72
15.73
18.63
16.35
12.44
13.11
15.39
14.50
14.12
13.69
14.62
15.97
13.04
14.89
19.36
16.99
12.21
14.24
15.66
14.91
14.88
14.48
14.67
16.02
13.00
15.09
18.63
17.10
12.01
14.24
15.61
15.14
14.70
14.50
610.73
693.98
539.33
660.66
856.98
642.56
533.68
537.51
647.92
623.50
617.04
587.30
619.89
709.07
554.20
643.25
828.61
676.20
499.39
573.87
657.72
623.24
632.40
634.22
624.94
725.71
555.10
651.89
782.46
663.13
494.81
575.30
663.43
634.37
623.28
636.55
Wyoming
41.4
39.8
39.8
14.81
15.32
15.20
613.13
609.74
604.96
Puerto Rico
41.3
40.7
40.7
8.65
9.07
357.25
371.59
369.15
Virgin Islands
42.2
(1)
(D
18.79
792.94
d)
d)
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
1 Not available.
P -preliminary.
9.13
(1)
(1)
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.
126
LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1999
Census region and division
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
26,115.2 26,147.6 26,178.3 26,245.8 26,241.0 26,255.0 26,292.8 26,291.6 26,324.1 26,319.7 26,323.9 26,326.2 26,301.7
24,944.2 24,988.5 25,043.3 25,118.7 25,123.9 25,153.8 25,175.4 25,125.3 25,174.8 25,179.1 25,176.5 25,198.1 25,195.2
1,147.4 1,128.1 1,106.5
1,140.6
1,135.0 1,127.1 1,117.1 1,101.3 1,117.4 1,166.3 1,149.3
1,159.2
1,171.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.5
New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7,140.1
6,905.1
235.0
3.3
7,149.3
6,919.5
229.7
3.2
7,159.3
6,930.2
229.1
3.2
7,162.0
6,942.3
219.8
3.1
7,162.9
6,948.5
214.3
3.0
7,185.1
6,967.9
217.2
3.0
7,191.5
6,954.9
236.5
3.3
7,178.8
6,944.6
234.2
3.3
7,183.8
6,957.6
226.2
3.1
7,174.4
6,959.8
214.6
3.0
7,180.2
6,968.6
211.6
2.9
7,199.2
6,970.9
228.4
3.2
7,207.4
6,982.0
225.4
3.1
Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
18,975.1 18,998.4 19,019.0 19,083.8 19,078.1 19,070.0 19,101.3 19,112.7 19,140.3 19,145.3 19,143.8 19,127.0 19,094.3
18,039.2 18,068.9 18,113.1 18,176.4 18,175.4 18,185.9 18,220.5 18,180.7 18,217.2 18,219.3 18,207.9 18,227.2 18,213.3
902.7
929.4
907.4
935.9
932.1
880.8
905.9
884.1
935.9
926.0
923.1
899.8
881.1
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.6
SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
48,312.9 48,458.9 48,631.6 48,639.5 48,606.0 48,714.8 48,775.0 48,723.9 48,750.6 48,820.9 48,928.9 49,016.8 49,019.3
46,247.0 46,409.3 46,608.6 46,609.5 46,582.0 46,685.5 46,737.5 46,801.4 46,848.7 46,873.4 46,960.1 47,030.0 47,078.5
2,065.9 2,049.6 2,023.0 2,030.0 2,024.1 2,029.3 2,037.5
1,922.5 1,901.9 1,947.6
1,968.7 1,986.8 1,940.8
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
24,979.1 25,072.6 25,170.3 25,178.7 25,144.2 25,236.3 25,267.9 25,228.9 25,247.0 25,293.9 25,354.4 25,390.1 25,406.8
24,006.0 24,111.5 24,223.7 24,215.0 24,180.7 24,273.5 24,303.5 24,326.2 24,346.9 24,353.0 24,413.5 24,451.6 24,463.9
961.1
963.7
946.5
963.5
973.1
902.7
962.8
964.5
900.1
940.9
940.8
938.5
943.0
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.7
East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,160.1
7,809.1
351.0
4.3
8,181.9
7,831.2
350.7
4.3
8,207.9
7,853.8
354.1
4.3
8,195.7
7,850.5
345.2
4.2
8,220.5
7,853.3
367.2
4.5
8,210.1
7,852.2
357.9
4.4
8,212.6
7,856.2
356.5
4.3
8,197.3
7,867.8
329.5
4.0
8,220.6
7,896.5
324.1
3.9
8,217.5
7,879.4
338.1
4.1
8,228.1
7,883.7
344.4
4.2
8,231.8
7,888.7
343.1
4.2
8,214.3
7,881.7
332.5
4.0
West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
15,173.7 15,204.5 15,253.4 15,265.0 15,241.3 15,268.4 15,294.4 15,297.7 15,282.9 15,309.6 15,346.3 15,394.9 15,398.2
14,431.9 14,466.6 14,531.1 14,543.9 14,548.0 14,559.7 14,577.9 14,607.4 14,605.3 14,640.9 14,662.9 14,689.7 14,732.9
741.8
737.8
722.4
721.1
693.3
708.6
716.6
690.3
677.7
668.6
705.2
683.5
665.3
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.3
See footnotes at end of table.
127
LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
Census region and division
Nov.
1999
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.P
MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
33,442.1 33,524.7 33,585.8 33,609.3 33,576.6 33,610.4 33,598.8 33,662.4 33,748.8 33,668.0 33,647.9 33,668.0 33,678.7
32,229.2 32,342.5 32,426.9 32,443.4 32,456.6 32,457.5 32,392.3 32,423.9 32,534.5 32,473.2 32,475.0 32,534.1 32,542.1
1,212.8
1,182.2 1,159.0 1,165.9 1,119.9 1,152.9 1,206.5 1,238.5 1,214.3 1,194.9 1,172.8 1,133.9 1,136.7
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
23,154.2 23,210.4 23,267.8 23,294.3 23,276.9 23,301.5 23,280.8 23,321.5 23,374.5 23,326.8 23,305.0 23,334.2 23,364.9
22,253.3 22,323.7 22,385.9 22,401.4 22,433.3 22,432.0 22,378.3 22,394.5 22,478.1 22,438.0 22,431.2 22,464.5 22,497.0
892.9
869.7
900.9
886.7
902.5
888.9
843.6
869.5
868.0
873.8
927.1
896.4
881.9
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.8
West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10,287.9 10,314.3 10,318.0 10,315.0 10,299.7 10,308.9 10,318.0 10,340.9 10,374.3 10,341.2 10,342.9 10,333.7 10,313.8
9,976.0 10,018.8 10,041.0 10,042.0 10,023.3 10,025.5 10,014.0 10,029.4 10,056.4 10,035.2 10,043.8 10,069.6 10,045.1
311.9
276.4
277.1
273.0
283.4
295.5
304.0
311.4
317.9
264.2
299.0
306.0
268.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.6
2.6
2.9
3.0
WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
31,038.5 31,055.4 31,134.3 31,155.3 31,250.0 31,272.7 31,268.2 31,316.3 31,385.1 31,348.2 31,329.8 31,400.4 31,439.3
29,402.6 29,423.7 29,537.4 29,575.6 29,634.9 29,676.5 29,727.5 29,752.5 29,838.3 29,830.8 29,846.5 29,927.1 30,023.5
1,635.9 1,631.7 1,596.8 1,579.8 1,615.1 1,596.2 1,540.7 1,563.7 1,546.8 1,517.4 1,483.4 1,473.3 1,415.8
5.3
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.7
4.9
4.5
Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,837.7
8,468.0
369.7
4.2
8,862.0
8,502.0
360.0
4.1
8,903.9
8,553.9
350.0
3.9
8,911.9
8,568.8
343.2
3.9
8,931.0
8,576.9
354.1
4.0
8,963.0
8,596.2
366.9
4.1
8,972.3
8,595.2
377.0
4.2
8,960.6
8,587.0
373.6
4.2
8,982.9
8,614.8
8,985.0
368.1
4.1
369.9
4.1
8,615.1
8,980.5
8,620.9
359.6
4.0
8,987.2
8,625.2
362.0
4.0
9,002.8
8,651.3
351.5
3.9
Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
22,200.8 22,193.4 22,230.4 22,243.4 22,319.0 22,309.7 22,295.9 22,355.6 22,402.2 22,363.2 22,349.4 22,413.2 22,436.4
20,934.6 20,921.7 20,983.5 21,006.8 21,058.0 21,080.4 21,132.2 21,165.5 21,223.5 21,215.7 21,225.6 21,301.9 21,372.2
1,266.2 1,271.7 1,246.8 1,236.6 1,261.0 1,229.3 1,163.7 1,190.2 1,178.7 1,147.5 1,123.8 1,111.3 1,064.3
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
4.7
5.0
P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
128
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
2,154.2
2,065.9
88.3
4.1
2,158.7
2,071.5
87.3
4.0
2,162.3
2,077.0
85.3
3.9
2,161.7
2,076.4
85.3
3.9
2,176.1
2,079.8
96.3
4.4
316.4
298.9
17.5
5.5
315.7
298.0
17.7
5.6
316.6
297.9
18.7
5.9
318.6
298.2
20.5
6.4
2,326.1
2,233.3
92.8
4.0
2,341.6
2,249.5
92.2
3.9
2,362.1
2,269.3
92.9
3.9
1,246.0
1,177.6
68.4
5.5
1,255.0
1,189.6
65.4
5.2
16,437.1
15,473.0
964.1
5.9
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
2,170.3
2,082.6
87.6
4.0
2,171.6
2,074.9
96.7
4.5
2,172.6
2,071.6
101.1
4.7
2,164.6
2,070.1
94.5
4.4
2,167.7
2,072.6
95.1
4.4
317.5
297.7
19.7
6.2
316.7
297.6
19.1
6.0
317.2
297.9
19.3
6.1
316.9
299.3
17.7
5.6
317.0
298.9
18.1
5.7
317.6
299.0
18.6
5.9
2,397.2
2,285.9
111.3
4.6
2,397.0
2,293.6
103.5
4.3
2,406.1
2,299.2
106.9
4.4
2,421.9
2,313.4
108.6
4.5
2,418.8
2,320.9
97.9
4.0
2,411.5
2,315.4
96.1
4.0
2,419.5
2,322.6
97.0
4.0
1,248.6
1,194.2
54.3
4.4
1,251.0
1,195.8
55.2
4.4
1,258.5
1,198.4
60.1
4.8
1,258.0
1,199.4
58.5
4.7
1,256.5
1,196.5
59.9
4.8
1,252.8
1,199.2
53.6
4.3
1,253.2
1,200.0
53.2
4.2
1,255.0
1,200.7
54.3
4.3
16,532.8
15,569.0
963.8
5.8
16,546.1
15,601.9
944.2
5.7
16,523.7
15,648.1
875.6
5.3
16,592.5
15,700.6
891.9
5.4
16,605.3
15,723.5
881.7
5.3
16,591.5
15,742.0
849.5
5.1
16,592.4
15,775.1
817.3
4.9
16,653.7
15,838.8
814.9
4.9
16,660.3
15,859.5
800.7
4.8
2,257.1
2,197.3
59.8
2.7
2,265.5
2,204.7
60.8
2.7
2,275.3
2,207.4
68.0
3.0
2,279.5
2,212.5
67.0
2.9
2,270.0
2,199.8
70.2
3.1
2,286.9
2,217.9
69.0
3.0.
2,277.1
2,212.2
64.8
2.8
2,276.9
2,212.5
64.4
2.8
2,275.8
2,208.6
67.3
3.0
2,288.9
2,223.8
65.1
2.8
1,729.5
1,677.4
52.2
3.0
1,722.8
1,669 fi
53.3
3.1
1,718.6
1,664.4
54.2
3.2
1,732.6
1,674.5
58.1
3.4
1,731.2
1,672.6
58.6
3.4
1,719.2
1,660.6
58.5
3.4
1,706.5
1,661 7
44.8
2.6
1,705.8
1 670.1
35.7
2.1
1,718.0
1,671.9
46.1
2.7
1,719.4
1,668.3
51.2
3.0
1,719.1
1,668.8
50.3
2.9
398.8
386.1
12.7
3.2
400.4
387.9
12.5
3.1
397.5
385.1
12.4
3.1
399.2
386.6
12.6
3.2
398.1
384.9
13.2
3.3
397.8
383.5
14.3
3.6
396.8
382.1
14.7
3.7
398.2
384.9
13.3
3.3
396.9
385.9
11.1
2.8
395.8
384.7
11.1
2.8
396.4
383.7
12.7
3.2
397.3
384.3
12.9
3.3
265.7
243.9
21.9
8.2
264.2
243.6
20.6
7.8
266.0
245.7
20.3
7.6
270.2
250.1
20.1
7.4
268.3
249.1
19.2
7.2
269.1
250.6
18.5
6.9
271.6
254.0
17.6
6.5
273.3
256.7
16.6
6.1
271.5
255.2
16.3
6.0
277.0
260.2
16.8
6.1
274.9
257.4
17.6
6.4
275.3
259.1
16.3
5.9
277.1
260.7
16.5
5.9
7,346.0
7,035.2
310.8
4.2
7,386.5
7,075.5
310.9
4.2
7,424.5
7,107.9
316.6
4.3
7,433.4
7,115.4
318.0
4.3
7,414.2
7,105.6
308.6
4.2
7,455.1
7,138.0
317.1
4.3
7,462.7
7,153.2
309.5
4.1
7,470.5
7,181.3
289.2
3.9
7,468.5
7,182.4
286.1
3.8
7,481.7
7,185.6
296.1
4.0
7,495.5
7,203.0
292.4
3.9
7,513.9
7,215.9
298.0
4.0
7,522.3
7,220.3
302.0
4.0
May
June
2,173.3
2,073.2
100.1
4.6
2,174.0
2,071.9
102.1
4.7
2,164.4
2,067.8
96.6
4.5
318.1
298.0
20.1
6.3
315.8
297.3
18.5
5.9
317.7
296.8
20.9
6.6
2,378.2
2,283.9
94.3
4.0
2,383.3
2,283.5
99.8
4.2
2,401.0
2,295.9
105.1
4.4
1,255.7
1,191.2
64.5
5.1
1,252.7
1,193.5
59.3
4.7
1,248.1
1,193.3
54.8
4.4
16,421.3
15,452.9
968.4
5.9
16,456.9
15,509.3
947.6
5.8
16,447.4
15,521.8
925.5
5.6
2,264.0
2,182.3
81.7
3.6
2,261.1
2,183.7
77.4
3.4
2,272.0
2,201.8
70.1
3.1
1,718.0
1,662.3
55.7
3.2
1,722.0
1,666.9
55.1
3.2
397.5
384.2
13.3
3.4
Apr.
July
Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
129
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
4,031.5
3,871.9
159.7
4.0
4,026.0
3,869.7
156.3
3.9
4,040.1
3,881.8
158.2
3.9
4,038.7
3,873.7
165.0
4.1
4,041.2
3,870.9
170.3
4.2
4,063.5
3,903.2
160.3
3.9
4,068.3
3,916.0
152.3
3.7
4,064.0
3,917.1
147.0
3.6
4,059.6
3,910.7
148.9
3.7
4,080.1
3,921.4
158.7
3.9
4,110.9
3,947.6
163.4
4.0
4,101.2
3,954.9
146.3
3.6
4,113.3
3,962.7
150.6
3.7
601.4
564.6
36.8
6.1
602.5
565.7
36.9
6.1
600.4
563.7
36.7
6.1
597.6
562.0
35.6
6.0
598.9
563.3
35.6
5.9
598.0
565.0
33.0
5.5
601.0
568.2
32.8
5.5
597.2
563.9
33.3
5.6
596.7
564.7
32.0
5.4
598.0
566.4
31.6
5.3
602.2
569.6
32.6
5.4
602.3
570.1
32.2
5.3
599.2
566.9
32.3
5.4
663.5
631.0
32.4
4.9
665.8
632.9
32.9
4.9
662.2
632.2
30.0
4.5
662.0
631.4
30.6
4.6
662.5
631.3
31.2
4.7
659.3
628.2
31.1
4.7
658.2
626.2
32.0
4.9
656.3
621.4
34.9
5.3
659.9
626.6
33.3
5.0
658.7
626.6
32.1
4.9
659.2
627.2
32.0
4.9
661.3
627.8
33.6
5.1
657.5
627.0
30.5
4.6
6,246.4
5,971.3
275.1
4.4
6,248.0
5,983.3
264.7
4.2
6,283.6
6,030.6
253.0
4.0
6,284.4
6,031.2
253.2
4.0
6,296.4
6,058.1
238.3
3.8
6,312.0
6,065.1
246.9
3.9
6,319.8
6,043.0
276.8
4.4
6,347.6
6,057.5
290.2
4.6
6,388.7
6,095.3
293.5
4.6
6,359.1
6,061.1
298.1
4.7
6,374.3
6,094.3
280.0
4.4
6,359.8
6,088.9
270.9
4.3
6,378.4
6,110.5
267.9
4.2
3,116.5
3,022.1
94.4
3.0
3,127.3
3,034.1
93.2
3.0
3,124.8
3,028.7
96.1
3.1
3,138.4
3,048.4
90.0
2.9
3,130.7
3,048.8
81.8
2.6
3,109.9
3,031.5
78.5
2.5
3,101.9
3,009.6
92.3
3.0
3,103.1
3,007.4
95.7
3.1
3,081.1
3,008.0
73.1
2.4
3,095.4
3,013.0
82.4
2.7
3,073.7
2,983.8
89.8
2.9
3,097.3
3,013.9
83.4
2.7
3,100.9
3,009.7
91.2
2.9
1,576.5
1,534.5
42.1
2.7
1,580.8
1,538.9
41.9
2.7
1,589.6
1,543.4
46.2
2.9
1,585.2
1,543.4
41.9
2.6
1,579.0
1,536.8
42.2
2.7
1,588.4
1,546.0
42.4
2.7
1,584.0
1,542.4
41.6
2.6
1,592.1
1,550.1
42.0
2.6
1,597.3
1,554.6
42.8
2.7
1,597.0
1,553.2
43.8
2.7
1,583.7
1,545.9
37.8
2.4
1,583.6
1,548.2
35.4
2.2
1,573.2
1,539.7
33.5
2.1
1,434.2
1,380.4
53.8
3.8
1,436.4
1,384.6
51.8
3.6
1,444.8
1,395.4
49.4
3.4
1,446.3
1,398.5
47.9
3.3
1,446.8
1,396.6
50.1
3.5
1,446.1
1,397.4
48.7
3.4
1,447.6
1,398.3
49.2
3.4
1,447.5
1,400.1
47.3
3.3
1,449.7
1,401.1
48.6
3.4
1,450.8
1,401.4
49.5
3.4
1,450.1
1,401.3
48.8
3.4
1,452.6
1,405.8
46.9
3.2
1,449.7
1,401.5
48.2
3.3
1,932.6
1,849.9
82.8
4.3
1,936.1
1,855.9
80.2
4.1
1,941.0
1,859.3
81.7
4.2
1,942.5
1,860.1
82.4
4.2
1,944.9
1,860.4
84.5
4.3
1,945.6
1,862.9
82.7
4.3
1,952.5
1,866.5
86.0
4.4
1,958.1
1,870.7
87.4
4.5
1,955.0
1,874.8
80.2
4.1
1,956.2
1,871.5
84.7
4.3
1,964.6
1,880.2
84.3
4.3
1,963.8
1,884.1
79.8
4.1
1,951.2
1,875.6
75.6
3.9
2,061.8
1,951.6
110.3
5.3
2,061.3
1,952.4
108.9
5.3
2,068.3
1,960.5
107.8
5.2
2,065.9
1,950.4
115.5
5.6
2,051.7
1,947.0
104.6
5.1
2,056.6
1,951.8
104.8
5.1
2,033.3
1,943.6
89.7
4.4
2,042.2
1,955.9
86.3
4.2
2,054.5
1,957.4
97.1
4.7
2,068.3
1,969.3
99.0
4.8
2,081.6
1,972.6
108.9
5.2
2,087.8
1,971.7
116.1
5.6
2,084.8
1,983.1
101.7
4.9
662.2
635.5
26.7
4.0
664.7
639.5
25.2
3.8
660.5
637.7
22.8
3.5
663.8
641.8
22.0
3.3
662.8
640.2
22.6
3.4
663.0
639.4
23.6
3.6
668.1
639.4
28.7
4.3
668.5
639.1
29.4
4.4
670.0
642.2
27.8
4.2
669.5
641.5
28.0
4.2
676.3
650.1
26.2
3.9
679.8
653.5
26.3
3.9
682.6
659.0
23.6
3.5
Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
130
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
State
May
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
2,788.6
2,676.1
112.5
4.0
2,806.7
2,696.7
109.9
3.9
2,805.9
2,705.0
100.9
3.6
2,813.2
2,706.9
106.3
3.8
2,808.7
2,704.8
103.9
3.7
2,812.9
2,704.3
108.6
3.9
2,811.8
2,704.5
107.3
3.8
2,802.3'
2,700.2
102.1
3.6
3,264.4
3,163.1
101.3
3.1
3,259.5
3,159.2
100.4
3.1
3,264.6
3,161.7
102.9
3.2
3,265.2
3,170.8
94.5
2.9
3,264.7
3,172.8
91.8
2.8
3,272.8
3,178.3
94.5
2.9
3,278.6
3,174.6
104.0
3.2
5,057.3
4,867.2
190.2
3.8
5,057.8
4,864.5
193.2
3.8
5,059.6
4,869.4
190.2
3.8
5,066.2
4,862.3
203.9
4.0
5.071.7
4,870.9
200.8
4.0
5,076.6
4,875.6
201.0
4.0
2,712.5
2,644.1
68.3
2.5
2,715.6
2,650.7
64.9
2.4
2,716.3
2,650.7
65.6
2.4
2,711.6
2,647.8
63.9
2.4
2,705.8
2,645.7
60.1
2.2
1,281.1
1,214.7
66.4
5.2
1,287.4
1,219.9
67.5
5.2
1,290.9
1,223.3
67.6
5.2
1,276.5
1,221.8
54.7
4.3
2,886.6
2,784.5
102.0
3.5
2,900.1
2,806.1
94.1
3.2
2,885.6
2,811.5
74.1
2.6
472.8
446.2
26.6
5.6
472.8
447.1
25.7
5.4
932.6
907.8
24.8
2.7
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
2,815.3
2,706.4
108.9
3.9
2,813.4
2,710.1
103.3
3.7
2,810.4
2,716.6
93.7
3.3
2,824.0
2,726.3
97.7
3.5
2,814.0
2,724.6
89.4
3.2
3,277.1
3,178.1
99.0
3.0
3,286.7
3,181.1
105.5
3.2
3,280.5
3,177.3
103.2
3.1
3,274.3
3,178.9
95.4
2.9
3,288.4
3,182.8
105.6
3.2
3,286.6
3,181.1
105.4
3.2
5,070.5
4,874.0
196.5
3.9
5,085.0
4,890.5
194.5
3.8
5,092.0
4,916.7
175.3
3.4
5,073.3
4,908.4
164.9
3.2
5,077.3
4,903.8
173.5
3.4
5,096.3
4,906.4
190.0
3.7
5,117.8
4,926.1
191.8
3.7
2,704.1
2,647.4
56.6
2.1
2,718.5
2,649.4
69.0
2.5
2,722.2
2,651.3
70.9
2.6
2,740.6
2,659.5
81.0
3.0
2,737.9
2,665.2
72.7
2.7
2,738.0
2,668.5
69.4
2.5
2,732.9
2,671.8
61.1
2.2
2,731.3
2,664.6
66.8
2.4
1,289.1
1,223.1
66.0
5.1
1,276.0
1,216.9
59.0
4.6
1,273.2
1,212.2
61.0
4.8
1,273.6
1,215.9
57.7
4.5
1,281.7
1,221.4
60.3
4.7
1,275.3
1,220.3
55.1
4.3
1,284.6
1,222.4
62.2
4.8
1,287.5
1,220.5
67.0
5.2
1,283.7
1,225.4
58.3
4.5
2,892.4
2,815.0
77.4
2.7
2,891.8
2,809.1
82.7
2.9
2,896.6
2,802.7
93.8
3.2
2,895.8
2,795.3
100.5
3.5
2,909.2
2,799.4
109.8
3.8
2,911.8
2,808.7
103.1
3.5
2,887.2
2,791.0
96.1
3.3
2,899.0
2,799.1
99.8
3.4
2,892.3
2,815.5
76.9
2.7
2,884.9
2,808.6
76.4
2.6
476.2
451.4
24.8
5.2
475.3
449.5
25.7
5.4
472.9
447.2
25.7
5.4
474.8
449.0
25.8
5.4
476.0
451.7
24.3
5.1
472.5
449.3
23.2
4.9
475.3
452.8
22.6
4.7
474.1
449.4
24.7
5.2
473.8
449.2
24.6
5.2
476.6
453.2
23.5
4.9
478.0
455.1
22.9
4.8
936.9
913.4
23.5
2.5
935.2
912.9
22.4
2.4
932.4
910.3
22.2
2.4
930.8
909.5
21.3
2.3
931.1
908.0
23.1
2.5
929.8
905.6
24.3
2.6
929.6
906.3
23.3
2.5
933.4
911.0
22.4
2.4
930.1
906.4
23.7
2.5
932.6
909.3
23.4
2.5
930.0
906.7
23.3
2.5
931.8
907.8
24.0
2.6
932.3
899.1
33.2
3.6
933.5
903.0
30.5
3.3
937.9
906.5
31.4
3.3
940.8
908.3
32.4
3.4
942.0
906.3
35.8
3.8
949.4
910.2
39.2
4.1
956.3
914.6
41.7
4.4
957.3
917.1
40.2
4.2
955.5
918.9
36.6
3.8
959.3
919.1
40.3
4.2
956.8
917.1
39.8
4.2
962.8
920.4
42.4
4.4
961.4
918.4
42.9
4.5
661.9
642.9
19.0
2.9
666.5
648.0
18.5
2.8
669.6
651.2
18.3
2.7
673.7
653.8
19.9
3.0
674.3
654.3
20.0
3.0
672.8
656.5
16.4
2.4
671.6
654.7
16.9
2.5
671.3
654.1
17.2
2.6
671.3
654.7
16.6
2.5
669.6
654.0
15.7
2.3
667.3
653.1
14.2
2.1
671.3
654.6
16.8
2.5
673.8
656.0
17.7
2.6
Apr.
June
July
Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
131
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
4,173.2
3,987.1
186.1
4.5
4,193.7
4,009.1
184.6
4.4
4,216.3
4,031.9
184.5
4.4
4,219.1
4,047.3
171.9
4.1
4.217.2
4,027.7
189.5
4.5
4,232.8
4,042.6
190.2
4.5
838.2
784.3
53.9
6.4
839.4
785.4
53.9
6.4
838.6
786.6
52.0
6.2
839.7
786.4
53.3
6.3
837.9
785.9
52.1
6.2
8,873.5
8,389.3
484.2
5.5
8,874.4
8,391.8
482.6
5.4
8,857.0
8,394.7
462.3
5.2
8,878.1
8,403.6
474.6
5.3
3,820.0
3,696.1
124.0
3.2
3,833.8
3,713.9
119.9
3.1
3,858.3
3,740.3
118.0
3.1
345.4
335.5
9.9
2.9
345.1
336.0
9.1
2.6
5,754.6
5,520.8
233.8
4.1
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
4,244.8
4,046.3
198.5
4.7
4,239.2
4,031.8
207.4
4.9
4,250.9
4,044.9
206.0
4.8
4,255.2
4.053.7
201.5
4.7
4,234.2
4,039.0
195.1
4.6
4,237.4
4,047.4
190.0
4.5
4,243.5
4,059.9
183.5
4.3
837.0
784.5
52.5
6.3
835.2
783.8
51.4
6.2
838.4
786.6
51.8
6.2
832.1
782.1
50.0
6.0
831.0
780.3
50.7
6.1
831.8
781.1
50.7
6.1
832.2
782.4
49.8
6.0
832.5
782.9
49.6
6.0
8,860.8
8,413.5
447.2
5.0
8,848.9
8,404.3
444.6
5.0
8,865.1
8,411.2
453.9
5.1
8,884.5
8,419.5
465.0
5.2
8.910.2
8.448.4
461.8
5.2
8.903.6
8,447.7
455.9
5.1
8,937.0
8,462.6
474.4
5.3
8,929.9
8,468.8
461.0
5.2
8,899.6
8.456.1
443.5
5.0
3,846.4
3,727.4
119.0
3.1
3,850.0
3,728.3
121.7
3.2
3,856.7
3.746.9
109.9
2.8
3,853.3
3,734.7
118.6
3.1
3,826.0
3,724.1
101.9
2.7
3,845.9
3,732.0
113.9
3.0
3,856.1
3,729.6
126.5
3.3
3,862.5
3,741.8
120.8
3.1
3.875.0
3,748.8
126.2
3.3
3.877.7
3.752.7
125.0
3.2
346.5
337.3
9.2
2.6
345.9
336.3
9.7
2.8
344.9
334.8
10.0
2.9
343.3
334.2
9.0
2.6
343.4
334.0
9.4
2.7
341.6
333.0
8.6
2.5
341.1
331.3
9.8
2.9
338.5
329.3
9.3
2.7
340.4
330.8
9.6
2.8
341.7
332.0
9.7
2.8
341.7
332.0
9.7
2.8
5,791.1
5,561.7
229.4
4.0
5,802.5
5,565.8
236.7
4.1
5,820.1
5,574.6
245.5
4.2
5,802.1
5,575.5
226.7
3.9
5.834.4
5,583.4
251.1
4.3
5,814.9
5.578.3
236.6
4.1
5,832.4
5,570.3
262.1
4.5
5,848.6
5,582.2
266.4
4.6
5,836.8
5.580.7
256.2
4.4
5,831.2
5,576.4
254.8
4.4
5,816.7
5,573.6
243.1
4.2
5.803.7
5,573.0
230.7
4.0
1,642.6
1,569.1
73.5
4.5
1,647.9
1,574.7
73.2
4.4
1,644.9
1,580.5
64.3
3.9
1,646.9
1,579.2
67.8
4.1
1,648.0
1,577.5
70.5
4.3
1,645.7
1,577.0
68.7
4.2
1,646.7
1,587.7
59.0
3.6
1,662.2
1,603.1
59.1
3.6
1,661.6
1,604.1
57.5
3.5
1,658.6
1,602.3
56.3
3.4
1,663.1
1,609.4
53.6
3.2
1,665.9
1,614.1
51.8
3.1
1,673.0
1,619.4
53.6
3.2
1,778.0
1,679.4
98.7
5.5
1,775.7
1.677.5
98.2
5.5
1,775.3
1,676.0
99.3
5.6
1,790.4
1,687.7
102.7
5.7
1,786.7
1,686.9
99.8
5.6
1,766.5
1,672.8
93.7
5.3
1,764.5
1.674.3
90.2
5.1
1,753.7
1,657.5
96.2
5.5
1,763.0
1,665.8
97.2
5.5
1,744.9
1,645.0
99.9
5.7
1,729.2
1,629.2
100.0
5.8
1,744.0
1,647.6
96.4
5.5
1,782.3
1,691.3
91.0
5.1
5,928.4
5.662.8
265.7
4.5
5,930.2
5,668.0
262.2
4.4
5,945.7
5,686.5
259.2
4.4
5,986.5
5.725.6
260.9
4.4
6,000.2
5,734.2
266.0
4.4
5,988.3
5.739.0
249.3
4.2
5,991.4
5,763.0
228.4
3.8
5.989.0
5,729.4
259.6
4.3
5,979.2
5,723.9
255.2
4.3
5,986.4
5,717.9
268.6
4.5
5,972.6
5,706.3
266.3
4.5
5,959.7
5,710.9
248.8
4.2
5,951.2
5.697.3
254.0
4.3
499.2
477.1
22.1
4.4
500.7
480.1
20.6
4.1
499.0
476.6
22.4
4.5
497.7
478.3
19.4
3.9
502.8
487.7
15.1
3.0
505.3
489.5
15.8
3.1
503.2
484.4
18.8
3.7
503.9
484.0
19.9
4.0
509.4
488.6
20.8
4.1
509.1
487.0
22.2
4.4
505.4
485.9
19.6
3.9
502.5
483.9
18.6
3.7
507.9
488.4
19.5
3.8
Apr.
May
Oct.
Nov.P
New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ..
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
VsillO
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed . .
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
132
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
1,967.2
1,889.4
77.8
4.0
1,966.9
1,890.2
76.7
3.9
1,973.4
1,900.3
73.1
3.7
1,981.7
1,899.0
82.7
4.2
1,969.0
1,895.2
73.8
3.7
1,985.5
1,903.0
82.5
4.2
400.1
389.1
11.1
2.8
399.5
389.3
10.2
2.6
400.0
389.7
10.3
2.6
401.1
390.9
10.1
2.5
400.6
390.8
9.9
2.5
2,792.2
2,678.6
113.6
4.1
2,799.6
2,683.9
115.7
4.1
2,813.6
2,694.2
119.4
4.2
2,815.1
2,692.2
122.8
4.4
10,223.3
9,733.6
489.7
4.8
10,240.3
9,749.9
490.3
4.8
10,284.5
9,798.8
485.6
4.7
1,081.0
1,044.2
36.8
3.4
1,088.1
1,052.5
35.6
3.3
334.3
324.0
10.3
3.1
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
2,000.3
1,916.8
83.5
4.2
1,996.3
1,918.3
78.0
3.9
1,980.2
1,913.6
66.6
3.4
1,982.6
1,908.7
73.8
3.7
1,988.4
1,904.7
83.7
4.2
1,982.1
1,895.3
86.8
4.4
1,981.8
1,888.7
93.1
4.7
399.4
389.8
9.7
2.4
398.9
388.9
10.0
2.5
398.7
389.2
9.5
2.4
400.4
390.1
10.3
2.6
399.8
388.8
10.9
2.7
399.1
388.8
10.3
2.6
400.6
389.7
10.9
2.7
401.0
390.8
10.2
2.5
2,810.4
2,690.0
120.4
4.3
2,815.2
2,699.2
116.0
4.1
2,812.9
2,705.6
107.3
3.8
2,801.1
2,713.3
87.9
3.1
2,813.7
2,717.7
96.0
3.4
2,814.3
2,712.7
101.6
3.6
2,806.4
2,709.5
96.8
3.5
2,815.8
2,714.1
101.8
3.6
2,811.7
2,708.1
103.6
3.7
10,299.4
9,820.8
478.6
4.6
10,293.6
9,830.2
463.4
4.5
10,317.6
9,836.7
480.8
4.7
10,363.4
9,850.8
512.7
4.9
10,334.9
9,850.0
484.8
4.7
10,308.8
9,844.3
464.5
4.5
10,326.2
9,872.8
453.4
4.4
10,348.9
9,881.6
467.3
4.5
10,388.0
9,903.9
484.1
4.7
10,385.5
9,929.7
455.8
4.4
1,094.5
1,057.7
36.7
3.4
1,098.5
1,063.4
35.0
3.2
1,106.3
1,068.9
37.4
3.4
1,105.3
1,071.8
33.5
3.0
1,107.6
1,071.2
36.5
3.3
1,107.1
1,069.9
37.1
3.4
1,105.4
1,067.5
37.9
3.4
1,101.7
1 064.6
37.1
3.4
1,101.0
1,062.9
38.1
3.5
1,104.8
1,067.3
37.5
3.4
1,102.3
1,070.1
32.1
2.9
335.8
325.8
10.0
3.0
336.1
325.6
10.5
3.1
338.7
328.0
10.7
3.2
339.7
329.1
10.6
3.1
338.5
329.7
8.8
2.6
338.7
329.2
9.5
2.8
338.8
328.6
10.2
3.0
340.0
329.2
10.7
3.2
339.9
329.9
10.0
2.9
338.8
328.8
10.0
3.0
337.7
327.8
9.9
2.9
337.4
328.5
8.9
2.6
3,560.3
3,456.7
103.6
2.9
3,585.9
3,480.2
105.6
2.9
3,589.3
3,494.6
94.7
2.6
3,587.5
3,493.6
93.9
2.6
3,581.1
3,481.8
99.3
2.8
3,584.0
3,486.1
97.8
2.7
3,593.8
3,486.8
107.0
3.0
3,587.2
3,486.7
100.6
2.8
3,593.9
3,497.6
96.3
2.7
3,592.4
3,489.8
102.6
2.9
3,601.2
3,497.6
103.6
2.9
3,604.9
3,504.9
100.0
2.8
3,606.3
3,506.7
99.5
2.8
3,068.0
2,918.8
149.2
4.9
3,078.2
2,927.6
150.6
4.9
3,081.1
2,936.6
144.5
4.7
3,089.4
2,937.1
152.3
4.9
3,082.6
2,940.8
141.7
4.6
3,083.3
2,943.3
140.0
4.5
3,089.0
2,944.8
144.2
4.7
3,094.9
2,945.8
149.1
4.8
3,120.6
2,972.0
148.6
4.8
3,111.6
2,964.4
147.1
4.7
3,108.6
2,952.4
156.2
5.0
3,096.3
2,946.6
149.7
4.8
3,077.1
2,955.5
121.6
4.0
802.1
752.5
49.6
6.2
803.8
755.5
48.4
6.0
812.4
760.1
52.3
6.4
810.2
763.8
46.4
5.7
812.5
758.3
54.3
6.7
811.3
756.5
54.9
6.8
808.3
753.9
54.4
6.7
812.4
759.7
52.7
6.5
813.9
764.1
49.8
6.1
813.7
761.7
52.0
6.4
814.6
760.1
54.5
6.7
817.3
762.7
54.6
6.7
817.1
763.3
53.8
6.6
2,979.3
2,872.0
107.4
3.6
2,986.2
2,879.9
106.3
3.6
2,997.3
2,891.3
105.9
3.5
2,985.2
2,884.8
100.4
3.4
2,976.0
2,880.1
95.9
3.2
2,968.6
2,876.5
92.1
3.1
2,973.8
2,873.5
100.3
3.4
2,953.4
2,868.8
84.5
2.9
2,964.1
2,875.9
88.2
3.0
2,962.2
2,874.8
87.4
3.0
2,948.5
2,872.8
75.7
2.6
2,964.0
2,881.7
82.3
2.8
2,964.1
2,877.7
86.4
2.9
259.9
247.6
12.3
4.7
259.6
247.9
11.7
4.5
260.5
248.4
12.1
4.6
260.4
248.4
12.0
4.6
260.5
249.1
11.3
4.4
260.8
249.2
11.6
4.5
262.2
249.3
13.0
4.9
262.1
249.3
12.8
4.9
261.6
249.8
11.8
4.5
261.2
249.6
11.6
4.5
262.2
250.1
12.1
4.6
262.1
250.1
12.0
4.6
262.9
251.4
11.4
4.4
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
133
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
October
November
October
1998
1998
1999
1998
1999P
2,161.2
54.8
474.7
72.8
65.9
68.9
50.8
171.8
272.7
162.6
84.4
2,172.2
55.2
477.7
73.9
67.2
69.2
50.1
172.9
279.5
169.2
86.0
2,170.0
55.3
479.4
72.8
66.2
69.4
50.8
172.8
274.4
165.0
85.1
2,181.6
55.8
481.4
74.7
67.7
69.5
50.1
173.4
279.9
170.5
86.6
94.9
2.7
14.5
3.2
2.3
4.4
3.5
5.2
11.3
5.3
2.2
100.2
3.0
14.7
3.5
2.7
4.3
3.2
5.4
12.6
6.7
2.4
85.0
2.5
12.6
2.7
2.2
4.3
2.8
4.5
9.7
4.6
2.0
317.2
142.9
316.7
142.7
313.7
143.8
314.5
144.3
16.9
5.4
17.2
5.8
Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa ..
Tucson
Yuma
2,325.1
60.9
1,544.8
380.8
66.8
2,425.5
63.6
1,601.9
405.8
70.2
2,340.0
60.6
1,560.1
383.6
65.1
2,434.3
65.4
1,607.8
409.0
69.4
95.4
3.5
44.5
9.8
18.1
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,231.9
142.0
96.8
42.1
299.1
36.5
1,253.0
149.7
97.4
43.1
305.4
36.9
1,241.8
143.3
97.3
42.5
302.2
36.6
1,255.4
150.1
97.5
43.2
306.0
37.1
16,457.1
275.4
88.0
420.6
4,682.5
84.9
202.3
1,202.6
1,450.6
72.6
1,397.4
764.0
183.3
1,335.2
956.1
967.7
109.3
196.1
142.3
251.9
252.2
246.4
391.3
164.2
88.1
54.6
16,708.9
280.3
88.0
424.6
4,701.8
85.1
200.8
1,237.7
1,500.7
72.8
1,441.3
787.0
189.1
1,355.9
964.0
973.0
111.7
199.0
142.1
259.2
253.0
252.3
399.7
168.7
89.5
56.3
16,446.2
280.7
87.6
415.3
4,692.3
85.2
199.9
1,204.9
1,449.2
71.6
1,401.7
763.4
184.9
1,333.7
954.7
963.9
109.5
196.4
140.6
249.5
248.6
245.1
391.5
164.6
87.9
54.8
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland .
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo
2,287.6
177.9
260.8
1,150.1
145.7
59.8
86.8
63.0
2,298.1
180.6
262.2
1,159.1
147.3
59.6
85.4
61.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
1,716.0
219.3
110.4
583.5
273.5
152.3
194.2
115.4
393.9
69.8
293.5
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
YubaCity
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
1999
1999P
1999
1998
1999P
90.8
2.8
13.5
3.2
2.4
3.7
2.6
4.7
11.7
5.9
2.1
4.4
4.8
3.1
4.3
3.5
6.4
6.8
3.0
4.1
3.3
2.7
4.6
5.5
3.1
4.7
4.0
6.2
6.4
3.1
4.5
3.9
2.8
3.9
4.5
2.6
3.8
3.3
6.2
5.5
2.6
3.5
2.8
2.4
4.2
4.9
2.8
4.3
3.5
5.3
5.1
2.7
4.2
3.5
2.4
17.4
5.4
18.2
5.9
5.3
3.8
5.4
4.1
5.5
3.7
5.8
4.1
98.5
3.0
46.3
13.4
18.5
87.5
3.8
41.6
9.2
14.9
90.9
3.1
43.0
12.8
16.0
4.1
5.7
2.9
2.6
27.0
4.1
4.8
2.9
3.3
26.3
3.7
6.2
2.7
2.4
22.9
3.7
4.7
2.7
3.1
23.1
59.8
4.0
4.6
1.5
10.6
2.6
46.3
3.1
3.2
1.2
8.7
2.3
60.4
3.9
4.6
1.6
10.2
2.7
48.6
3.1
3.3
1.4
8.8
2.3
4.9
2.8
4.7
3.5
3.5
7.2
3.7
2.1
3.2
2.9
2.9
6.3
4.9
2.7
4.7
3.7
3.4
7.4
3.9
2.1
3.4
3.1
2.9
6.2
16,666.9
283.0
86.8
420.8
4,703.6
84.1
199.7
1,238.5
1,492.2
71.6
1,444.2
786.3
189.5
1,353.6
963.6
968.3
110.7
198.9
139.7
256.3
248.3
250.6
398.5
166.6
89.0
56.4
926.4
29.7
5.5
54.9
305.2
9.9
22.4
45.4
42.1
5.2
86.6
34.1
12.1
47.4
27.4
35.0
4.3
7.6
7.6
6.9
22.4
11.0
22.5
23.9
3.7
6.1
778.3
25.6
4.3
47.3
268.6
7.5
17.3
35.9
38.3
3.7
72.4
29.1
9.9
39.9
21.0
25.2
2.9
6.4
5.1
5.8
17.2
9.1
18.0
23.1
2.8
4.8
933.2
35.6
5.9
59.4
303.5
11.9
22.6
42.3
39.2
5.5
78.9
31.8
17.6
44.2
24.8
32.9
4.1
8.5
9.4
6.7
24.9
11.2
23.5
27.3
4.3
7.6
771.6
29.6
4.6
53.2
255.8
10.2
18.5
32.7
34.5
4.1
65.4
27.5
14.3
36.2
18.8
22.2
3.2
6.9
6.5
5.7
19.8
9.3
19.0
24.0
3.6
6.6
5.6
10.8
6.2
13.1
6.5
11.6
11.1
3.8
2.9
7.1
6.2
4.5
6.6
3.6
2.9
3.6
3.9
3.9
5.3
2.7
8.9
4.5
5.8
14.6
4.2
11.1
4.7
9.1
4.8
11.1
5.7
8.8
8.6
2.9
2.6
5.0
5.0
3.7
5.2
2.9
2.2
2.6
2.6
3.2
3.6
2.2
6.8
3.6
4.5
13.7
3.1
8.6
5.7
12.7
6.7
14.3
6.5
14.0
11.3
3.5
2.7
7.7
5.6
4.2
9.5
3.3
2.6
3.4
3.8
4.3
6.7
2.7
10.0
4.6
6.0
16.6
4.9
13.8
4.6
10.4
5.3
12.6
5.4
12.2
9.3
2.6
2.3
5.7
4.5
3.5
7.5
2.7
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
4.7
2.2
8.0
3.7
4.8
14.4
4.0
11.6
2,275.1
176.6
259.1
1,143.8
144.4
59.2
85.9
62.3
2,299.2
180.1
261.8
1,157.9
146.7
59.4
85.4
61.6
81.9
5.9
11.0
34.0
5.3
2.6
3.8
4.2
64.2
4.8
8.5
27.7
4.2
1.9
2.9
2.8
76.0
5.2
10.1
30.8
5.3
2.4
3.5
3.8
60.8
4.4
7.9
25.8
4.0
1.8
2.7
2.7
3.6
3.3
4.2
3.0
3.6
4.3
4.4
6.6
2.8
2.7
3.3
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.4
4.6
3.3
2.9
3.9
2.7
3.7
4.1
4.0
6.1
2.6
2.4
3.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.2
4.4
1,721.9
217.8
110.7
585.4
275.6
154.8
194.9
115.6
1,715.0
219.5
110.5
582.6
274.2
152.2
193.7
115.4
1,715.7
218.0
110.9
582.2
275.0
154.3
193.2
115.3
50.6
8.1
2.2
17.7
7.9
5.2
4.0
3.8
47.0
7.4
2.0
16.6
7.6
4.5
3.7
3.6
50.1
7.9
2.2
17.1
8.1
4.9
4.1
3.9
45.2
7.0
1.9
16.0
7.3
4.4
3.6
3.4
2.9
3.7
2.0
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.1
3.3
2.7
3.4
1.8
2.8
2.7
2.9
1.9
3.1
2.9
3.6
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.1
3.4
2.6
3.2
1.7
2.8
2.6
2.8
1.9
3.0
393.8
69.1
295.0
399.9
70.3
298.5
399.9
70.3
299.5
13.0
3.2
9.4
11.7
2.2
8.8
12.1
2.1
8.8
11.7
2.1
8.3
3.3
4.6
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.8
134
1998
November
1998
See footnotes at end of table.
October
November
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
October
November
October
November
1999P
November
1998
1999
1998
1999P
15.6
61.4
8.3
3.0
5.7
2.5
8.0
2.8
5.7
2.3
310.9
6.3
34.4
4.9
10.4
2.5
2.3
15.8
10.0
9.5
69.8
3.7
3.9
25.1
5.2
6.4
1.5
6.1
4.5
34.6
27.8
300.5
6.2
32.9
5.1
10.4
3.0
2.3
17.9
10.0
8.6
61.4
3.9
3.7
25.2
4.9
7.2
1.5
6.2
4.1
36.3
26.0
4.3
3.3
4.4
3.0
9.5
3.0
2.3
2.8
5.6
4.6
6.4
4.8
4.2
2.9
7.8
3.6
3.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
5.6
4.0
3.1
4.1
2.8
9.1
3.3
2.1
3.0
5.2
4.0
5.7
4.7
3.6
2.8
6.2
3.9
3.4
2.4
2.7
2.8
5.2
4.2
3.3
4.5
2.8
8.5
3.2
2.2
2.9
5.0
4.6
6.6
3.9
4.0
2.9
8.0
3.7
3.3
2.3
3.0
2.9
5.3
4.0
3.2
4.2
2.8
8.4
3.6
2.1
3.2
4.9
4.0
5.8
3.8
3.7
2.8
7.4
4.0
3.3
2.3
2.7
2.9
4.8
152.4
3.6
1.7
64.6
10.1
6.1
6.8
5.0
152.6
4.5
1.7
63.2
9.8
5.4
7.2
6.2
141.6
3.2
1.5
60.2
9.3
5.8
5.9
4.5
4.2
8.8
2.8
3.3
5.6
5.0
5.3
5.4
3.7
6.6
2.4
3.0
5.1
4.9
4.6
3.8
3.8
7.9
2.4
3.0
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.7
3.4
5.8
2.1
2.8
4.7
4.7
4.0
3.5
36.2
23.2
31.2
20.1
35.6
22.7
31.3
20.2
6.1
5.4
5.2
4.7
5.9
5.2
5.2
4.7
657.7
229.9
41.6
26.6
7.1
1.6
27.8
8.2
2.0
29.5
7.6
1.9
28.1
7.5
1.8
4.0
3.2
4.0
4.2
3.6
4.9
4.4
3.3
4.5
4.3
3.3
4.4
6,262.4
87.4
95.6
4,200.2
186.0
57.5
52.8
185.3
193.8
107.0
6,390.7
88.9
96.7
4,307.7
186.9
58.2
53.2
189.3
199.3
108.7
254.5
1.6
2.2
168.0
5.1
2.8
3.1
6.2
7.5
3.8
250.3
1.8
2.0
164.7
6.5
2.8
2.4
6.5
7.7
3.6
256.0
1.6
2.2
166.6
6.0
2.8
2.9
6.2
7.9
3.8
249.7
1.9
2.0
161.5
6.5
2.7
2.4
7.8
8.0
3.6
4.1
1.8
2.3
4.0
2.8
4.9
5.9
3.3
3.9
3.6
3.9
2.1
2.1
3.8
3.5
4.8
4.6
3.4
3.9
3.3
4.1
1.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
5.5
3.3
4.1
3.5
3.9
2.1
2.1
3.7
3.5
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.0
3.3
3,109.4
61.6
96.5
160.2
266.2
299.7
842.8
51.7
92.7
63.3
136.5
68.9
3,119.7
62.7
95.8
159.8
267.9
308.0
843.1
51.8
92.1
63.1
138.0
70.5
3,105.7
61.7
96.3
161.0
266.2
299.8
840.0
51.7
93.1
63.8
136.4
68.8
84.1
1.3
2.1
4.8
6.5
10.9
18.9
1.2
1.7
2.1
3.3
2.7
76.3
1.0
1.9
4.2
6.0
9.7
17.4
1.0
1.5
1.4
3.8
2.5
88.0
1.4
2.1
5.0
6.7
11.4
19.8
1.5
1.8
2.1
3.4
2.8
85.6
1.1
2.2
4.4
6.7
10.5
19.5
1.1
1.7
1.7
4.2
2.8
2.7
2.1
2.2
3.0
2.4
3.5
2.2
2.4
1.9
3.4
2.4
3.9
2.5
1.6
1.9
2.6
2.3
3.2
2.1
2.0
1.7
2.3
2.8
3.6
2.8
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.5
3.7
2.3
2.9
1.9
3.3
2.5
4.0
2.8
1.8
2.3
2.8
2.5
3.5
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.7
3.1
4.1
1,588.1
113.3
261.3
48.0
65.3
66.3
69.7
1,581.4
112.4
258.3
48.8
66.7
66.0
70.7
1,578.8
113.1
259.4
47.8
66.3
65.9
69.7
33.6
1.6
4.5
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.0
28.4
1.6
4.1
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.7
39.4
1.7
4.9
1.3
1.4
1.7
2.5
31.3
1.7
4.1
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.8
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.9
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.9
2.8
2.1
2.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
2.5
1998
1999
1998
1999P
District of Columbia .
Washington
265.4
2,578.6
273.6
2,651.3
263.8
2,596.8
274.8
2,655.6
22.0
76.9
15.6
66.6
21.0
74.0
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
7,339.3
191.2
765.9
175.9
123.2
80.3
104.9
541.4
199.8
209.2
1,052.0
93.3
98.3
857.2
65.9
175.4
44.7
263.6
149.1
1,194.0
517.5
7,544.9
196.5
779.9
180.0
124.2
84.3
108.1
558.6
203.0
213.2
1,056.2
100.3
100.7
890.7
66.9
180.6
45.9
272.1
151.7
1,248.4
541.2
7,360.2
190.7
767.6
176.7
122.9
79.5
104.3
539.2
200.9
208.2
1,057.1
95.4
98.6
858.7
64.8
174.2
45.0
265.4
148.8
1,198.5
523.6
7,542.5
195.3
779.9
181.0
124.3
83.4
107.5
555.3
203.4
212.5
1,053.4
101.7
101.3
887.0
66.5
179.4
46.0
273.1
151.0
1,253.4
543.0
313.2
6.4
33.6
5.2
11.7
2.4
2.5
15.2
11.2
9.6
66.8
4.5
4.1
24.6
5.2
6.4
1.6
6.8
4.3
34.2
29.2
300.1
6.1
32.1
5.1
11.4
2.8
2.3
17.0
10.6
8.4
60.5
4.8
3.6
24.9
4.1
7.0
1.6
6.7
4.0
34.9
28.2
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
4,046.1
57.6
73.0
2,120.8
204.9
125.2
152.2
134.6
4,115.2
54.9
72.0
2,132.1
200.3
124.8
146.0
130.4
4,056.9
57.0
72.9
2,120.1
204.1
125.0
151.8
134.2
4,136.0
54.0
72.0
2,131.1
199.5
124.8
145.8
130.3
170.5
5.1
2.1
70.9
11.6
6.3
8.1
7.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
597.4
430.1
599.0
428.7
602.4
434.0
601.0
429.8
Idaho
Boise City .
Pocatello ...
661.1
224.2
41.1
661.4
229.0
41.0
662.8
229.9
42.1
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
6,252.8
87.4
95.3
4,189.2
184.1
57.9
53.1
185.6
195.8
106.8
6,363.6
88.5
96.0
4,287.4
187.6
58.0
52.4
188.2
198.1
108.5
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson .
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
3,118.8
62.6
95.9
158.6
267.9
306.8
842.4
51.3
91.9
62.8
137.8
70.6
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,575.6
110.7
255.9
48.7
64.8
65.6
69.7
1998
See footnotes at end of table.
October
135
1999
1998
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area-—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor Torce
I3ercent of labor force
Number
State and area
October
November
October
1998
October
November
1999
1998
November
1998
1999
1998
1999P
47.5
2.0
3.3
11.7
3.7
4.2
4.8
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
4.0
79.8
5.0
15.6
2.1
72.3
4.6
16.7
2.2
4.3
2.0
3.1
4.3
4.0
1.8
3.5
4.6
4.1
1.9
2.8
4.2
3.7
1.8
2.9
4.3
109.7
2.9
13.6
3.8
10.6
4.8
2.9
30.3
9.4
100.7
2.7
11.4
3.2
8.8
4.8
3.2
25.5
9.1
90.8
2.5
10.7
3.1
8.5
4.1
2.5
24.9
7.9
5.0
4.7
4.0
3.4
5.0
5.2
4.7
4.4
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.3
3.9
5.7
5.2
4.0
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.6
3.8
3.4
4.9
5.3
4.5
4.1
4.9
4.4
4.1
3.4
3.2
4.6
4.4
3.4
4.0
4.2
24.3
1.2
2.0
2.7
22.5
1.2
1.7
2.8
27.4
1.4
2.1
2.6
24.5
1.3
1.7
2.8
3.7
2.4
3.7
2.0
3.3
2.2
3.2
2.0
4.2
2.8
3.9
1.9
3.6
2.4
3.1
2.0
2,820.1
1,325.5
46.9
71.7
111.7
60.4
3.4
2.4
94.1
50.5
2.8
2.0
111.1
59.1
3.4
2.4
88.0
46.5
2.8
1.8
4.0
4.6
7.5
3.5
3.3
3.8
6.1
2.8
4.0
4.5
7.5
3.4
3.1
3.5
5.9
2.6
3,268.6
71.2
1,817.0
133.3
68.9
198.3
167.9
81.6
39.6
283.3
254.8
3,289.6
73.2
1,827.9
135.5
69.4
200.6
170.5
82.6
40.2
283.9
253.1
92.9
2.0
44.1
4.0
2.5
9.5
5.2
4.4
1.3
8.9
7.1
92.9
1.9
45.7
4.1
2.6
8.2
5.2
3.8
1.4
8.6
7.1
88.5
2.8
41.2
3.7
2.3
8.9
4.8
4.2
1.4
8.5
6.7
92.6
2.7
44.5
4.1
2.5
8.7
5.0
3.8
1.4
8.6
7.0
2.8
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.8
3.1
5.4
3.4
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.5
3.1
3.7
4.1
3.1
4.6
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.7
3.9
2.3
2.8
3.4
4.5
2.8
5.1
3.5
3.0
2.6
2.8
3.6
2.4
3.0
3.6
4.3
2.9
4.7
3.5
3.0
2.8
5,104.4
301.6
83.8
2,278.9
192.9
619.3
77.7
233.7
246.1
202.3
5,074.0
301.7
83.5
2,276.7
200.7
602.5
76.9
233.4
246.2
201.7
5,132.9
303.9
84.0
2,296.4
194.3
622.3
78.5
235.4
248.5
203.5
161.2
5.5
3.1
71.5
9.2
15.5
2.4
6.6
5.2
6.8
158.7
5.5
2.8
66.2
9.7
18.2
2.1
7.4
5.5
7.0
167.8
5.2
3.3
68.3
8.9
16.0
2.3
6.7
5.4
7.5
167.4
5.5
2.9
66.2
9.5
18.5
2.1
8.0
5.6
7.4
3.2
1.8
3.7
3.1
4.6
2.6
3.1
2.8
2.1
3.4
3.1
1.8
3.3
2.9
5.0
2.9
2.7
3.2
2.2
3.5
3.3
1.7
4.0
3.0
4.4
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.2
3.7
3.3
1.8
3.5
2.9
4.9
3.0
2.7
3.4
2.3
3.6
2,722.4
126.7
1,703.3
70.8
94.6
2,753.0
127.0
1,734.7
72.4
96.6
2,722.9
126.6
1,712.2
71.1
94.9
2,744.3
126.7
1,738.5
72.4
96.4
57.6
4.1
30.7
1.0
2.1
53.0
3.3
29.7
1.2
1.8
58.2
4.3
28.4
0.9
2.1
57.3
3.7
29.5
1.2
2.0
2.1
3.2
1.8
1.3
2.3
1.9
2.6
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.1
3.4
1.7
1.3
2.3
2.1
2.9
1.7
1.7
2.1
Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson
1,274.4
169.1
51.2
227.3
1,285.5
173.5
50.1
229.9
1,281.2
169.8
51.4
227.8
1,285.0
173.5
50.5
231.3
62.5
6.9
1.6
7.9
63.8
7.1
1.7
8.0
56.5
5.7
1.4
6.8
48.9
5.7
1.5
5.9
4.9
4.1
3.2
3.5
5.0
4.1
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
3.0
3.8
3.3
2.9
2.6
Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
2,871.2
83.8
84.8
972.0
50.2
1,320.8
165.4
2,891.3
81.9
81.9
1,001.6
48.6
1,355.0
173.1
2,882.1
84.6
85.1
980.2
50.2
1,330.7
165.9
2,883.2
81.9
82.0
1,002.5
48.2
1,354.2
173.1
91.9
1.0
3.3
31.4
1.9
47.7
3.9
62.4
0.6
1.8
25.6
1.1
36.1
2.5
92.9
1.0
3.0
31.3
1.9
46.7
4.2
66.3
0.7
2.0
26.1
1.1
36.6
2.6
3.2
1.2
3.9
3.2
3.8
3.6
2.4
2.2
0.7
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.7
1.4
3.2
1.2
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.5
2.5
2.3
0.8
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.7
1.5
468.6
69.8
38.8
53.3
473.9
73.3
38.1
53.8
469.1
69.6
38.6
53.1
474.2
73.0
38.3
53.8
23.9
2.6
2.0
1.9
20.8
2.7
1.8
1.7
26.3
2.7
2.2
2.8
22.6
2.7
1.7
1.8
5.1
3.8
5.3
3.5
4.4
3.7
4.8
3.2
5.6
3.9
5.6
5.3
4.8
3.7
4.5
3.4
1998
1999
1998
1999P
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,429.5
57.1
92.1
291.2
1,454.7
57.2
92.8
296.3
1,442.5
58.1
92.5
293.5
1,458.9
57.8
93.2
296.5
53.3
2.4
4.4
10.1
46.2
2.0
3.3
11.3
53.1
2.3
4.0
10.2
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,928.5
257.4
551.8
49.3
1,962.2
261.5
570.7
50.6
1,942.9
258.7
556.0
50.0
1,961.8
262.1
570.1
50.9
82.9
5.3
17.2
2.1
77.5
4.8
19.9
2.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
2,072.2
60.0
303.6
96.0
182.0
92.0
71.2
622.6
187.6
2,093.8
61.3
315.0
96.2
183.9
93.2
72.5
627.0
189.5
2,058.8
59.7
302.6
95.6
181.4
90.8
70.8
618.2
186.2
2,080.6
61.2
313.7
95.6
182.6
92.8
72.2
625.8
188.0
104.3
2.8
12.0
3.2
9.1
4.8
3.3
27.1
9.7
659.3
50.4
53.1
134.0
681.2
53.2
54.4
140.7
657.7
50.4
53.3
136.2
679.0
53.4
55.2
141.3
Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown
2,775.8
1,308.9
45.5
69.7
2,825.6
1,328.6
46.6
71.6
2,792.7
1,316.9
45.8
70.0
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,270.6
73.4
1,813.8
132.7
68.9
197.8
167.5
81.4
39.6
282.7
254.0
3,285.2
75.8
1,821.4
134.4
69.3
199.4
169.6
82.8
40.2
282.8
251.6
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
5,061.9
300.3
83.3
2,269.4
199.8
600.9
76.7
233.0
244.7
201.3
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula
See footnotes at end of table.
136
1999P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
October
1998
October
November
1999
1998
1998
1999P
October
November
1999
1998
1999P
November
1998
1999
1998
1999P
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
928.5
146.0
394.1
932.0
148.9
396.2
933.7
147.2
397.7
934.6
150.7
398.7
23.4
3.1
9.3
22.1
3.0
8.6
21.3
2.7
8.4
20.7
2.8
8.1
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.0
Nevada
Las Vegas ...
Reno
934.7
713.0
177.0
967.0
751.2
178.6
935.6
714.8
176.5
964.0
749.6
178.1
32.2
25.0
5.0
39.2
32.2
4.7
29.4
22.5
4.7
38.0
30.4
5.0
3.4
3.5
2.8
4.1
4.3
2.6
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.9
4.1
2.8
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
655.5
104.0
102.9
124.9
668.4
105.5
102.8
126.6
664.1
106.6
104.3
126.2
676.1
108.0
103.8
127.1
16.3
2.4
2.8
2.5
13.8
2.0
2.5
2.0
19.4
2.8
3.1
3.0
18.1
2.5
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.7
2.0
2.1
1.9
2.4
1.6
2.9
2.6
3.0
2.4
2.7
2.3
2.9
2.0
4,158.7
169.9
677.6
281.2
635.4
509.5
1,013.3
167.5
64.5
4,233.4
169.9
690.8
284.3
651.1
521.4
1,035.0
169.9
64.3
4,173.5
168.6
681.6
282.0
639.0
510.2
1,017.5
168.0
64.6
4,242.6
167.7
692.7
284.7
654.7
520.6
1,038.0
169.9
64.8
174.1
12.8
26.8
19.1
18.4
20.0
42.2
6.3
5.0
177.9
11.4
28.7
18.9
20.1
19.8
42.8
6.0
4.7
173.8
14.7
26.8
18.6
18.1
20.4
40.9
6.0
5.1
170.8
13.0
27.2
17.6
19.2
18.3
40.3
5.8
4.9
4.2
7.5
4.0
6.8
2.9
3.9
4.2
3.7
7.8
4.2
6.7
4.2
6.7
3.1
3.8
4.1
3.6
7.3
4.2
8.7
3.9
6.6
2.8
4.0
4.0
3.6
8.0
4.0
7.8
3.9
6.2
2.9
3.5
3.9
3.4
7.6
838.1
364.2
69.6
74.8
834.6
362.9
71.0
75.2
841.4
367.5
69.8
74.8
836.3
365.6
70.6
74.7
50.2
17.8
5.2
2.5
46.5
15.1
4.9
2.2
50.1
16.5
5.3
2.4
46.1
14.4
4.5
2.1
6.0
4.9
7.5
3.4
5.6
4.2
6.9
2.9
6.0
4.5
7.5
3.2
5.5
4.0
6.3
2.8
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,859.2
451.0
125.6
570.8
119.0
44.7
59.6
66.9
1,400.3
4,091.5
3,445.4
171.8
573.3
362.9
141.9
8,923.5
451.3
125.7
569.2
121.6
44.2
59.1
66.8
1,428.7
4,109.6
3,452.2
176.9
574.8
366.5
142.7
8,862.0
453.4
126.3
573.1
119.0
45.1
58.6
66.7
1,408.6
4,087.4
3,439.0
171.3
572.9
363.0
141.6
8,891.7
450.7
126.0
568.2
121.4
44.2
57.6
66.3
1,432.8
4,089.2
3,432.1
176.1
571.4
364.9
142.2
460.0
14.1
4.3
24.1
3.6
1.6
2.6
3.1
39.0
293.1
274.0
5.1
19.2
12.2
5.1
441.7
15.1
4.3
26.1
4.1
2.1
2.1
2.8
44.7
259.0
237.5
5.5
22.0
14.4
5.1
459.5
14.1
4.3
25.8
3.4
1.7
3.4
3.4
37.8
285.0
267.2
5.1
20.0
12.4
5.5
422.8
14.6
4.2
26.6
3.7
2.1
2.7
3.0
43.0
236.9
217.4
5.2
22.2
14.9
5.6
5.2
3.1
3.4
4.2
3.0
3.6
4.3
4.6
2.8
7.2
8.0
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
4.9
3.3
3.4
4.6
3.3
4.7
3.6
4.3
3.1
6.3
6.9
3.1
3.8
3.9
3.6
5.2
3.1
3.4
4.5
2.9
3.7
5.8
5.1
2.7
7.0
7.8
3.0
3.5
3.4
3.9
4.8
3.2
3.3
4.7
3.1
4.7
4.7
4.5
3.0
5.8
6.3
3.0
3.9
4.1
4.0
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington
3,823.4
111.2
750.0
112.9
48.2
634.8
64.5
169.7
45.0
634.9
67.0
104.9
3,885.6
111.7
762.6
116.2
47.8
643.3
65.6
172.8
46.5
644.6
67.4
112.4
3,831.3
111.9
751.3
113.5
47.7
637.0
65.1
170.6
45.3
639.5
66.8
105.1
3,888.1
112.6
763.8
117.6
47.8
646.7
65.8
173.7
46.3
647.0
66.3
112.6
121.2
2.6
18.6
4.6
2.2
14.7
2.5
4.2
1.6
10.4
4.4
4.1
118.1
2.0
19.9
4.2
2.0
15.6
3.5
3.1
1.6
9.5
4.5
3.8
119.4
2.5
17.4
4.3
2.1
14.0
2.5
3.9
1.6
9.8
4.2
3.9
120.5
2.2
20.3
4.5
1.9
15.4
3.1
3.1
1.5
9.8
4.3
3.9
3.2
2.3
2.5
4.1
4.6
2.3
3.9
2.5
3.6
1.6
6.5
3.9
3.0
1.8
2.6
3.6
4.2
2.4
5.3
1.8
3.5
1.5
6.7
3.4
3.1
2.2
2.3
3.8
4.3
2.2
3.8
2.3
3.5
1.5
6.2
3.7
3.1
1.9
2.7
3.8
4.0
2.4
4.6
1.8
3.3
1.5
6.5
3.5
345.3
53.7
104.2
53.6
341.4
54.0
103.3
53.1
340.1
53.2
103.1
53.6
336.3
53.4
102.4
53.1
7.6
1.1
1.2
0.9
7.0
1.1
1.1
0.9
9.0
1.4
1.3
1.1
8.7
1.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
2.1
1.1
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.7
2.6
2.6
1.3
2.0
2.6
2.3
1.4
1.9
5,758.2
363.2
204.1
850.4
1,119.9
823.6
475.8
181.6
74.7
83.0
57.8
323.5
286.3
5,851.3
372.7
209.6
879.5
1,135.7
841.7
480.7
186.3
75.7
85.3
56.6
328.2
289.8
5,790.2
365.3
205.2
857.5
1,126.8
830.5
478.1
182.7
75.2
83.7
57.7
325.8
288.0
5.842.8
371.9
209.7
880.0
1,135.9
842.8
480.0
185.7
76.1
85.0
56.9
327.3
289.3
225.4
13.1
7.6
29.0
46.3
21.8
17.2
5.8
3.5
4.5
3.2
14.3
14.2
227.5
14.0
8.2
29.8
46.7
21.6
17.2
5.6
3.0
6.2
2.7
13.1
13.9
230.8
13.7
8.0
27.7
46.7
20.9
16.7
6.0
3.7
4.4
3.6
14.5
15.0
225.2
14.0
8.2
28.8
46.6
20.4
16.7
5.2
3.1
5.8
2.9
12.4
14.1
3.9
3.6
3.7
3.4
4.1
2.6
3.6
3.2
4.7
5.4
5.5
4.4
5.0
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.4
4.1
2.6
3.6
3.0
4.0
7.2
4.9
4.0
4.8
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.2
4.1
2.5
3.5
3.3
4.9
5.2
6.2
4.4
5.2
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.3
4.1
2.4
3.5
2.8
4.0
6.9
5.2
3.8
4.9
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque ...
LasCruces
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
See footnotes at end of table.
137
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
October
October
November
1998
1999
1998
1999P
49.2
0.7
1.4
12.2
12.5
4.5
3.9
5.1
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.4
2.3
3.1
4.1
3.7
4.6
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.7
3.2
2.2
2.9
95.5
8.3
5.3
45.3
9.2
87.8
8.8
4.3
40.7
9.0
5.0
4.9
5.7
4.2
4.7
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.1
5.1
5.4
5.0
5.9
4.2
5.4
4.9
5.3
4.8
3.8
5.3
226.4
11.7
2.6
6.1
10.1
4.6
6.0
99.4
41.3
5.9
13.9
2.6
1.4
2.2
6.1
253.1
13.3
2.8
6.4
9.6
5.8
6.4
98.8
48.3
7.3
17.0
2.0
1.8
2.9
6.3
241.8
11.9
2.7
6.6
10.5
5.4
6.2
100.4
44.9
5.9
15.3
2.8
1.6
2.5
6.6
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.3
2.7
5.2
2.6
4.0
4.0
3.9
5.3
3.5
2.4
4.6
3.3
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.3
2.9
4.6
2.5
3.9
3.6
3.2
4.5
4.5
2.1
3.9
3.2
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.6
2.7
5.7
2.6
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.5
3.5
2.6
5.1
3.3
4.0
3.8
4.3
4.7
3.0
5.3
2.5
4.0
3.9
3.2
5.0
4.9
2.2
4.3
3.4
24.1
26.6
19.6
22.3
19.8
22.4
17.3
19.9
4.8
4.6
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.4
1,968.6
275.5
285.7
63.3
498.0
103.0
46.9
81.2
8.4
6.1
3.2
15.7
3.7
2.5
89.8
9.3
7.2
3.3
15.7
3.7
2.6
69.6
6.7
5.1
2.6
12.8
4.1
2.0
84.3
9.0
6.9
3.9
14.9
4.6
2.5
4.1
3.1
2.2
4.9
3.2
3.5
5.2
4.5
3.4
2.5
5.2
3.1
3.5
5.5
3.6
2.5
1.8
4.0
2.6
4.0
4.3
4.3
3.3
2.4
6.2
3.0
4.4
5.4
399.6
47.4
101.7
400.4
47.7
104.5
8.5
0.9
1.3
8.5
0.9
1.5
10.6
1.2
1.5
9.7
1.1
1.6
2.1
2.0
1.3
2.1
2.0
1.4
2.6
2.5
1.4
2.4
2.3
1.5
2,844.4
220.0
84.7
58.1
225.4
352.1
580.6
671.9
2,825.7
221.2
83.1
57.7
227.6
351.3
573.3
660.1
2,845.3
218.9
84.5
58.1
225.3
351.9
583.9
674.5
109.2
8.1
3.2
1.9
9.0
11.7
19.1
18.1
95.3
6.9
3.0
1.8
8.0
8.7
19.7
16.9
110.7
7.6
2.8
2.0
8.8
12.3
18.8
17.4
100.1
6.8
2.7
1.9
8.1
9.6
19.6
17.0
3.9
3.6
3.8
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.1
3.5
2.5
3.4
2.5
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.3
2.6
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.6
2.7
3.4
2.5
10,412.0
62.6
116.7
719.3
190.1
106.8
123.8
79.6
177.3
1,949.7
293.1
919.7
124.5
2,196.6
116.2
74.8
107.1
126.3
187.9
127.0
53.5
783.1
51.8
56.5
93.1
10,251.0
62.6
113.9
697.9
186.7
106.3
126.9
77.3
178.3
1,898.2
291.7
892.6
124.2
2,154.3
115.6
74.4
107.4
125.3
196.3
128.6
53.6
766.6
51.6
56.9
91.3
10,408.8
62.9
116.5
720.1
189.3
106.1
123.9
80.0
177.1
1,946.6
291.2
920.1
123.8
2,200.4
116.5
74.9
106.8
126.7
191.2
126.3
53.1
781.3
51.8
56.5
93.1
452.7
2.1
3.5
17.0
12.6
5.7
14.4
1.2
11.6
55.7
28.9
26.4
7.4
79.3
4.5
6.4
7.5
3.2
30.9
7.4
2.7
25.0
2.7
3.7
4.3
448.7
2.0
4.5
15.3
15.2
6.9
10.5
1.2
11.0
59.3
25.7
27.6
7.6
96.6
4.0
5.1
7.1
3.2
23.2
8.9
2.0
25.1
2.1
2.6
3.6
471.1
2.2
3.6
17.2
13.2
6.0
14.8
1.3
11.6
56.9
29.9
26.8
7.7
82.5
4.5
6.7
7.9
3.2
34,6
7.9
2.7
25.1
2.7
3.6
4.3
439.4
2.1
4.3
14.7
14.8
6.7
11.2
1.2
11.0
57.1
24.3
26.8
7.2
93.9
3.9
5.0
6.7
3.0
25.0
8.2
1.9
24.2
2.0
2.5
3.7
4.4
3.4
3.1
2.4
6.8
5.4
11.3
1.6
6.5
2.9
9.9
3.0
6.0
3.7
3.9
8.7
7.0
2.5
16.2
5.7
5.0
3.3
5.3
6.5
4.7
4.3
3.2
3.9
2.1
8.0
6.5
8.5
1.5
6.2
3.0
8.8
3.0
6.1
4.4
3.4
6.8
6.6
2.5
12.3
7.0
3.7
3.2
4.1
4.7
3.9
4.6
3.5
3.1
2.5
7.1
5.7
11.6
1.6
6.5
3.0
10.2
3.0
6.2
3.8
3.9
9.0
7.4
2.5
17.6
6.1
5.0
3.3
5.2
6.4
4.8
4.2
3.4
3.7
2.0
7.8
6.4
9.0
1.5
6.2
2.9
8.4
2.9
5.8
4.3
3.3
6.7
6.2
2.4
13.0
6.5
3.5
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.0
1999
1998
1999P
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,650.6
27.7
41.6
541.8
421.5
1,678.6
27.9
42.2
552.4
436.5
1,647.9
27.6
41.7
541.8
423.0
1,679.9
28.0
42.2
553.0
436.7
74.3
1.1
2.1
19.5
14.8
51.6
0.8
1.4
13.0
13.4
68.3
1.0
1.9
17.4
13.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,783.2
164.4
90.4
1,058.3
171.3
1,750.5
163.1
89.1
1,050.0
168.5
1,784.6
165.5
90.2
1,065.9
170.4
1,789.4
166.2
90.5
1,076.1
170.1
89.1
8.0
5.1
44.8
8.1
85.0
8.4
4.3
43.5
8.5
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
,
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,943.6
310.9
62.4
139.8
350.0
101.5
242.6
2,501.3
1,150.0
183.2
308.3
56.8
68.3
56.9
190.7
5,972.2
313.3
62.7
141.4
350.1
100.4
243.6
2,524.0
1,159.6
183.4
307.1
57.0
69.0
56.9
193.0
5,955.5
312.5
62.6
139.5
350.4
102.1
242.5
2,505.8
1,155.1
183.4
309.8
56.8
69.0
57.0
190.8
5,971.3
312.8
62.9
140.8
348.9
101.5
243.0
2,529.3
1,158.2
183.5
308.2
57.5
69.1
57.0
193.2
245.6
13.4
2.6
5.9
9.5
5.2
6.3
100.9
45.7
7.2
16.2
2.0
1.6
2.6
6.4
503.3
577.3
506.9
581.2
503.2
578.1
512.0
586.9
1,967.1
267.2
279.9
64.7
494.5
103.9
47.7
1,981.7
277.0
286.7
63.2
500.3
104.2
47.2
1,955.5
266.1
280.1
64.0
493.4
101.5
47.2
399.8
47.6
101.6
400.7
47.8
103.9
2,817.8
222.6
82.8
57.7
226.6
351.9
569.0
658.3
10,225.0
62.4
114.0
697.4
185.7
105.8
127.0
77.2
178.3
1,895.2
291.8
889.3
124.4
2,148.9
115.5
73.6
106.8
125.1
191.3
128.5
53.5
767.0
51.6
56.5
91.3
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
.McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
1998
See footnotes at end of table.
November
1998
1998
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
October
November
138
1999
1999P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
1998
Texas—Continued
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
October
November
October
1999
1998
1998
1999P
November
1999
1998
October
1999P
November
1998
1999
1998
1999P
43.4
102.4
65.8
44.0
104.7
65.9
43.5
102.0
66.4
44.1
104.2
66.0
1.8
3.6
2.7
1.7
3.2
2.6
1.9
3.4
3.1
1.6
3.1
3.1
4.1
3.5
4.1
3.8
3.0
4.0
4.5
3.4
4.7
3.6
3.0
4.6
1,085.0
163.6
696.4
1,114.5
169.5
714.0
1,089.5
164.6
696.0
1,110.6
169.6
707.3
37.5
5.0
23.4
36.5
4.4
23.5
34.7
4.7
21.0
29.8
3.4
18.8
3.5
3.1
3.4
3.3
2.6
3.3
3.2
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.0
2.7
335.3
101.1
340.2
102.1
336.2
102.3
339.2
102.1
9.7
2.2
8.7
1.9
9.9
2.0
8.4
1.6
2.9
2.1
2.6
1.8
2.9
2.0
2.5
1.6
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,523.2
76.1
56.8
103.1
743.1
510.3
130.8
3,590.0
78.0
56.5
103.9
750.1
523.8
132.6
3,550.8
76.6
57.4
104.4
746.5
516.3
132.8
3,599.7
77.8
56.6
104.3
750.0
528.8
133.1
97.0
1.0
2.9
2.3
24.6
14.0
2.5
95.6
1.2
3.0
1.8
24.7
12.3
2.3
96.1
0.9
3.2
2.4
24.3
12.9
2.7
93.0
1.0
3.0
1.9
23.3
11.2
2.2
2.8
1.3
5.1
2.2
3.3
2.7
1.9
2.7
1.5
5.3
1.7
3.3
2.4
1.8
2.7
1.2
5.5
2.3
3.3
2.5
2.0
2.6
1.3
5.4
1.8
3.1
2.1
1.6
Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima
3,089.9
80.0
91.8
99.2
95.3
1,387.7
213.6
336.0
125.6
3,122.9
78.8
93.3
102.1
94.1
1,415.9
211.6
339.6
124.7
3,054.5
79.9
91.4
99.4
91.2
1,398.6
212.7
336.6
109.2
3,064.5
77.9
92.2
102.9
90.2
1,417.4
209.5
337.8
105.2
140.4
4.4
4.9
5.1
6.2
43.9
11.5
15.7
8.9
141.6
3.9
5.1
4.9
5.3
52.3
10.7
16.4
8.3
148.7
4.5
4.7
4.8
7.7
43.1
11.2
14.9
12.8
122.2
3.5
4.0
4.0
5.4
41.6
8.7
13.0
9.1
4.5
5.5
5.3
5.1
6.5
3.2
5.4
4.7
7.1
4.5
4.9
5.5
4.8
5.6
3.7
5.0
4.8
6.6
4.9
5.6
5.1
4.8
8.5
3.1
5.3
4.4
11.7
4.0
4.4
4.3
3.9
6.0
2.9
4.1
3.8
8.7
799.2
130.1
136.1
78.1
72.5
813.4
134.4
140.1
78.9
74.4
799.9
130.4
137.5
78.4
73.4
813.9
135.4
139.5
79.1
74.9
45.8
5.5
7.5
4.1
3.0
48.1
5.9
8.1
3.4
3.1
46.6
5.7
8.0
4.2
3.1
49.7
6.3
7.4
3.3
3.3
5.7
4.2
5.5
5.2
4.1
5.9
4.4
5.8
4.3
4.2
5.8
4.4
5.8
5.3
4.2
6.1
4.7
5.3
4.2
4.4
2,967.0
223.6
84.4
133.0
79.6
81.9
73.0
263.9
811.5
93.1
60.4
73.7
2,960.3
224.8
83.6
132.8
77.5
81.0
73.7
265.7
805.0
91.8
60.0
74.2
2,970.4
223.7
84.4
132.1
79.6
82.2
72.9
266.8
817.5
93.4
60.3
74.6
2,958.6
225.2
83.3
133.3
78.9
81.8
73.6
268.3
808.4
91.8
60.1
74.6
91.3
5.6
2.2
3.3
3.0
2.5
1.8
3.7
28.2
3.6
1.4
2.0
67.1
4.0
1.6
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.8
21.6
3.1
1.0
1.5
95.4
5.6
2.5
3.2
3.0
2.6
1.9
3.6
27.7
3.7
1.4
2.2
75.1
4.2
1.8
2.6
4.9
2.1
1.9
3.0
22.3
3.1
1.0
1.6
3.1
2.5
2.6
2.5
3.7
3.1
2.5
1.4
3.5
3.9
2.3
2.8
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.9
3.2
2.5
2.5
1.1
2.7
3.4
1.6
2.0
3.2
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.7
3.1
2.6
1.4
3.4
3.9
2.3
3.0
2.5
1.9
2.2
1.9
6.2
2.6
2.6
1.1
2.8
3.4
1.7
2.1
260.9
33.4
39.5
263.1
34.1
40.4
258.9
33.3
39.7
261.6
34.0
40.6
10.6
1.7
1.2
10.3
1.6
1.3
11.6
1.7
1.3
10.7
1.5
1.2
4.1
5.1
3.0
3.9
4.7
3.3
4.5
5.1
3.3
4.1
4.5
3.0
1,268.6
49.9
50.4
115.5
89.5
105.7
693.6
1,292.1
50.9
52.4
118.8
90.8
109.4
706.2
1,314.3
51.4
52.5
119.5
92.7
109.5
719.8
1,290.3
50.1
51.1
120.2
89.3
112.9
707.9
179.3
9.0
8.0
15.8
14.1
18.2
82.9
161.2
8.8
7.6
14.0
15.9
17.2
69.0
163.7
8.5
7.0
14.0
12.7
17.3
74.8
150.4
8.0
7.1
13.1
14.1
16.5
64.9
14.1
18.0
15.9
13.7
15.7
17.3
12.0
12.5
17.3
14.4
11.8
17.6
15.8
9.8
12.5
16.5
13.4
11.7
13.7
15.8
10.4
11.7
16.1
13.8
10.9
15.8
14.6
9.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised
when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
139
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1996
1998
1997
1999
IV
IV
IV
IV
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
201,457 202,396 202,835 203,367 203,936 204,395 204,905 205,483 206,098 206,876 207,432 208,044 208,660
134,968 135,677 136,107 136,541 136,835 137,274 137,331 137,732 138,321 139,058 139,144 139,394 139,880
67.1
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
127,809 128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153
64.0
63.8
64.0
63.5
64.1
63.9
63.4
64.2
64.3
64.1
64.0
64.2
64.3
6,387
6,777
6,412
7,124
6,076
5,868
5,981
6,114
6,207
6,614
7,160
5,930
5,727
4.7
5.0
4.7
5.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.8
5.3
4.1
97,324
73,002
75.0
69,208
97,560
73,179
75.0
69,598
71.1
71.3
2,592
66,616
3,794
5.2
24,322
2,616
66,982
2,381
63,013
89,536
68,891
76.9
65,830
73.5
2,371
63,459
2,990
4.4
20,566
3,061
4.4
20,645
89,758
69,094
77.0
66,225
73.8
2,402
63,822
2,869
4.2
20,664
96,651
72,407
74.9
68,688
71.1
2,588
66,100
3,719
5.1
24,244
88,950
68,385
76.9
65,394
73.5
3,581
4.9
24,382
97,839
73,314
74.9
69,839
71.4
2,522
67,317
3,475
4.7
24,525
89,979
69,242
77.0
66,475
73.9
2,343
64,132
2,767
4.0
20,738
98,139
73,518
74.9
70,114
71.4
2,481
67,633
3,404
4.6
24,621
90,244
69,397
76.9
66,618
73.8
2,307
64,311
2,780
4.0
20,846
70,313
71.5
2,458
67,855
3,362
4.6
24,651
90,456
69,479
76.8
66,802
73.9
2,272
64,530
2,677
3.9
20,977
98,595
73,802
74.9
70,633
98,894
74,004
74.8
70,695
71.6
2,536
71.5
2,620
68,097
3,169
4.3
24,793
68,075
3,309
4.5
24,891
90,634
69,618
76.8
67,099
74.0
2,353
64,746
2,519
3.6
21,016
90,898
69,720
76.7
67,117
73.8
2,397
64,720
2,603
3.7
21,178
99,216
74,320
74.9
71,125
71.7
2,579
68,546
3,195
4.3
24,896
99,280
74,395
74.9
71,289
71.8
2,444
68,845
3,106
4.2
24,884
91,171
91,176
70,013
76.8
67,519
70,082
74.1
2,361
65,158
2,494
3.6
21,158
76.9
67,642
74.2
2,258
65,384
2,440
3.5
21,094
99,565
74,334
74.7
71,248
71.6
2,446
68,802
3,086
4.2
25,231
91,386
70,029
76.6
67,559
73.9
2,258
65,301
2,470
3.5
21,357
99,867 100,177
74,547 74,779
74.6
74.6
71,501
71,761
71.6
2,402
69,099
3,046
71.6
2,443
69,317
4.1
25,320
3,019
4.0
25,397
91,682
70,245
76.6
67,805
74.0
2,227
65,577
2,440
3.5
65,812
2,375
3.4
21,437
21,559
91,978
70,419
76.6
68,044
74.0
2,232
104,807 105,072 105,275 105,528 105,797 106,069 106,310 106,588 106,882 107,596 107,866 108,177 108,484
62,562 62,675 62,928 63,227 63,317 63,599 63,529 63,728 64,001 64,662 64,810 64,848 65,100
60.0
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.8
60.1
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.7
59.9
60.1
60.0
59,121 59,345 59,733 60,088 60,334 60,548 60,622 60,831 61,083 61,788 61,966 62,025 62,392
57.1
57.1
57.0
56.7
57.4
57.0
56.9
57.4
57.2
56.5
56.4
57.3
57.5
817
831
879
871
874
808
821
829
861
810
849
828
832
59,717
59,814 59,982 60,273 60,926 61,092 61,197 61,560
58,292 58,524 58,915 59,217 59,455
2,907
3,051
2,983
2,844
2,875
2,898
3,139
3,196
3,330
3,441
2,822
2,918
2,708
4.7
4.4
4.8
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.1
5.3
4.6
5.5
4.2
42,245 42,397 42,347 42,300 42,480 42,470 42,781 42,860 42,880 42,934 43,057 43,329 43,383
97,371
58,675
60.3
55,817
57.3
783
55,034
2,858
4.9
38,696
15,136
7,908
52.2
6,597
43.6
252
6,345
1,311
16.6
7,228
97,577
58,830
60.3
56,106
57.5
768
55,338
2,724
4.6
38,747
97,762
59,088
60.4
15,283
7,956
15,315
7,925
51.7
6,643
43.4
52.1
6,617
43.3
274
6,343
1,339
16.8
7,328
56,463
57.8
772
55,691
2,625
4.4
38,674
259
6,384
1,282
16.2
7,390
98,000
59,390
60.6
56,840
58.0
823
56,017
2,551
4.3
38,610
98,219
59,484
60.6
15,387
7,909
51.4
6,613
43.0
228
6,385
1,296
16.4
7,478
15,473
7,954
57,045
58.1
830
56,215
2,439
4.1
38,735
51.4
6,785
43.9
222
6,563
1,168
14.7
7,520
1
98,475
59,608
60.5
57,055
57.9
771
56,285
2,552
4.3
38,867
98,662
59,528
60.3
57,145
57.9
745
56,400
2,383
4.0
39,134
98,891
59,694
60.4
57,321
58.0
793
56,528
2,373
4.0
39,197
99,118
59,979
60.5
57,591
58.1
762
56,829
2,388
4.0
39,139
99,755 100,021 100,291 100,566
60,612 60,820 60,872 61,054
60.8
60.7
60.7
60.8
58,283 58,489 58,585 58,865
58.4
58.4
58.5
58.5
815
785
825
786
57,468 57,664 57,800 58,079
2,287
2,332
2,329
2,188
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
39,143 39,200 39,419 39,512
15,464
8,187
52.9
7,004
45.3
246
6,757
1,183
14.5
7,277
15,609
8,186
15,694
8,319
15,945
8,363
52.4
7,012
44.9
246
6,766
1,174
53.0
7,088
45.2
278
6,810
1,231
14.3
7,423
14.8
7,375
15,809
8,329
52.7
7,098
44.9
265
6,832
1,232
14.8
7,479
52.5
7,151
44.8
232
6,919
1,212
14.5
7,582
16,025
8,295
51.8
7,166
44.7
237
6,929
1,128
13.6
7,731
16,071
8,277
51.5
7,137
44.4
218
6,919
1,141
13.8
7,794
16,117
8,407
52.2
7,243
44.9
258
6,986
1,164
13.8
7,710
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have
been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in
this issue for additional information.
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1 through
D-11 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
2
98,326
73,675
74.9
140
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1997
1996
1998
1999
IV
IV
IV
IV
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
168,918 169,499 169,785 170,149 170,540 170,915 171,262 171,657 172,079 172,494 172,862 173,280 173,705
113,874 114,288 114,597 114,814 115,041 115,154 115,166 115,485 115,850 116,349 116,352 116,535 116,788
67.5
67.3
67.5
67.5
67.4
67.2
67.4
67.5
67.3
67.3
67.4
67.3
67.2
108,673 109,173 109,789 109,996 110,491 110,554 110,787 111,012 111,390 112,008 111,966 112,268 112,703
64.6
64.7
64.8
64.7
64.4
64.7
64.7
64.9
64.8
64.7
64.3
64.8
64.9
4,818
4,473
4,550
4,808
5,115
4,379
4,600
4,341
4,385
4,459
5,201
4,267
4,085
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
58,612
77.4
56,367
74.5
2,246
3.8
58,973
77.5
56,685
74.5
2,288
3.9
59,076
77.5
56,988
74.8
2,089
3.5
59,126
11A
57,052
74.7
2,074
3.5
59,293
77.4
57,235
74.7
2,059
3.5
59,225
77.2
57,252
74.6
1,974
3.3
59,316
77.2
57,452
74.7
1,864
3.1
59,457
77.2
57,518
74.7
1,939
3.3
59,678
77.3
57,790
74.8
1,888
3.2
59,686
77.4
57,838
75.0
1,847
3.1
59,625
77.1
57,768
74.7
1,857
3.1
59,857
77.2
58,021
74.9
1,836
3.1
59,809
76.9
58,110
74.8
1,699
2.8
48,564
59.8
46,539
57.3
2,025
4.2
48,624
59.8
46,756
57.5
1,869
3.8
48,800
59.9
46,993
57.7
1,807
3.7
48,958
60.0
47,178
57.9
1,780
3.6
49,005
60.0
47,327
57.9
1,678
3.4
48,993
59.8
47,220
57.7
1,773
3.6
48,947
59.7
47,297
57.7
1.650
3.4
49,022
59.7
47,363
57.7
1,659
3.4
49,155
59.7
47,490
57.7
1,665
3.4
49,635
60.0
48,003
58.0
1,632
3.3
49,716
60.0
48,019
58.0
1,698
3.4
49,653
59.8
48,050
57.9
1,603
3.2
49,853
59.9
48,321
58.1
1,532
3.1
6,697
55.9
5,767
48.1
930
13.9
15.3
12.4
6,691
55.2
5,732
47.3
959
14.3
14.9
13.7
6,720
55.3
5,808
47.8
912
13.6
14.5
12.6
6,729
55.1
5,765
47.2
964
14.3
15.0
13.6
6,743
55.1
5,930
48.4
814
12.1
12.7
11.3
6,935
56.4
6,082
49.4
854
12.3
14.5
10.0
6,903
55.6
6,037
48.7
865
12.5
13.9
11.1
7,006
56.1
6,131
49.1
875
12.5
14.1
10.7
7,017
55.9
6,110
48.7
906
12.9
13.9
11.8
7,029
55.6
6,167
48.8
861
12.3
13.1
11.4
7,011
55.3
6,180
48.7
831
11.9
12.3
11.4
7,025
55.2
6,197
48.7
829
11.8
12.3
11.3
7,127
55.9
6,272
49.2
854
12.0
12.7
11.2
23,761
15,310
64.4
13,683
57.6
1,626
10.6
23,871
15,391
64.5
13,747
57.6
1,644
10.7
23,950
15,418
64.4
13,816
57.7
1,602
10.4
24,043
15,667
65.2
14,186
59.0
1,481
9.5
24,149
15,635
64.7
14,127
58.5
1,508
9.6
24,227
15,854
65.4
14,373
59.3
1,481
9.3
24,319
15,895
65.4
14,475
59.5
1,420
8.9
24,419
15,995
65.5
14,543
59.6
1,452
9.1
24,529
16,171
65.9
14,829
60.5
1,343
8.3
24,697
16,273
65.9
14,968
60.6
1,304
8.0
24,799
16,295
65.7
15,044
60.7
1,251
7.7
24,906
16,387
65.8
15,041
60.4
1,346
8.2
25,018
16,503
66.0
15,172
60.6
1,332
8.1
6,847
72.3
6,229
65.7
618
9.0
6,815
71.6
6,201
65.2
614
9.0
6,862
71.9
6,255
65.5
607
8.9
7,004
73.0
6,453
67.2
551
7.9
6,951
72.1
6,390
66.3
560
8.1
7,008
72.5
6,454
66.8
553
7.9
7,049
72.7
6,537
67.4
512
7.3
7,051
72.4
6,507
66.8
543
7.7
7,097
72.5
6,619
67.6
478
6.7
7,139
72.5
6,693
67.9
447
6.3
7,151
72.2
6,693
67.6
458
6.4
7,163
72.0
6,673
67.1
490
6.8
7,277
72.8
6,750
67.5
527
7.2
7,537
63.4
6,848
57.6
689
9.1
7,606
63.6
6,891
57.6
715
9.4
7,647
63.8
6,962
58.1
685
9.0
7,749
64.4
7,100
59.0
649
8.4
7,744
64.1
7,101
58.7
643
8.3
7,882
64.9
7,236
59.6
646
8.2
7,830
64.3
7,190
59.0
640
8.2
7,903
64.7
7,292
59.7
611
7.7
8,031
65.4
7,443
60.6
588
7.3
8,124
65.7
7,559
61.1
565
7.0
8,207
66.1
7,657
61.6
550
6.7
8,289
66.4
7,701
61.7
589
7.1
8,272
66.0
7,736
61.7
536
6.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
141
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1996
1997
1998
IV
1999
IV
IV
IV
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
926
38.7
606
25.4
320
34.5
38.7
30.6
970
40.3
655
27.2
315
32.5
38.9
26.6
909
37.7
600
24.8
309
34.0
38.8
29.3
913
37.9
633
26.2
281
30.7
35.1
26.9
940
38.9
636
26.3
304
32.4
32.8
32.0
964
39.8
683
28.2
281
29.2
30.8
27.7
1,017
41.7
749
30.7
268
26.4
27.1
25.8
1,041
42.4
744
30.3
297
28.6
30.8
26.3
1,043
42.4
767
31.2
276
26.5
31.5
21.7
1,009
40.8
716
29.0
293
29.0
32.3
25.7
938
37.8
695
28.0
243
25.9
29.6
22.5
935
37.6
667
26.8
268
28.6
30.2
27.2
954
38.5
686
27.6
268
28.1
31.3
25.0
19,452
13,160
67.7
12,112
62.3
1,048
8.0
20,067
13,642
68.0
12,505
62.3
1,138
8.3
20,236
13,672
67.6
12,606
62.3
1,066
7.8
20,408
13,886
68.0
12,851
63.0
1,036
7.5
20,574
13,980
67.9
12,953
63.0
1,027
7.3
20,797
14,105
67.8
13,106
63.0
998
7.1
20,975
14,346
68.4
13,345
63.6
1,001
7.0
21,160
14,358
67.9
13,318
62.9
1,040
7.2
21,347
14,470
67.8
13,406
62.8
1,064
7.4
21,355
14,503
67.9
13,561
63.5
943
6.5
21,549
14,571
67.6
13,590
63.1
981
6.7
21,752
14,698
67.6
13,750
63.2
948
6.4
21,945
14,893
67.9
13,984
63.7
909
6.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
2
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
142
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
1998
1997
1999
Educational attainment
IV
IV
IV
IV
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,859 30,269 30,069 29,318 29,372 29,487 29,878 29,174 28,964 28,485 28,268 28,389 28,206
12,442 12,609 12,599 12,544 12,489 12,552 12,775 12,519 12,386 12,199 11,956 12,182 12,096
41.7
41.9
42.8
42.5
41.7
42.8
42.6
42.9
42.8
42.8
42.9
42.3
42.9
11,427 11,512 11,550 11,571 11,549 11,657 11,867 11,644 11,519 11,348 11,147 11,347 11,330
38.3
39.5
39.3
39.7
38.0
38.4
39.5
39.9
39.8
39.8
39.4
40.0
40.2
1,015
973
940
1,097
1,049
908
895
876
867
851
809
835
766
8.2
7.8
7.5
8.7
8.3
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.8
6.9
6.3
High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
56,834 57,247 57,424 57,557 57,467 57,636 57,545 57,564 57,351 57,448 57,946 57,292 57,551
37,371 37,714 37,742 37,910 37,718 37,728 37,319 37,382 37,435 37,467 37,418 37,052 37,371
65.8
65.9
65.7
65.9
65.6
64.9
65.5
64.9
65.3
65.2
64.6
64.7
64.9
35,653 36,016 36,124 36,333 36,213 36,172 35,864 35,899 35,990 36,147 36,052 35,745 36,130
62.7
62.9
62.9
63.1
63.0
62.3
62.8
62.4
62.8
62.9
62.2
62.4
62.8
1,718
1,617
1,577
1,506
1,699
1,455
1,556
1,483
1,444
1,320
1,307
1,366
1,241
4.2
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.1
4.3
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.3
Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
41,876 41,506 41,641 42,266 42,372 42,186 42,069 41,968 42,819 43,365 42,860 43,231 43,975
31,240 31,136 31,254 31,514 31,457 31,334 31,359 31,259 31,693 32,122 31,983 32,042 32,306
74.6
75.1
74.6
74.2
75.0
74.5
74.1
74.3
74.5
74.0
74.1
74.6
73.5
30,088 30,044 30,252 30,508 30,474 30,344 30,446 30,346 30,772 31,184 31,100 31,101 31,453
71.9
71.8
72.4
72.6
72.2
71.9
72.4
71.9
71.9
72.3
72.6
71.9
71.5
1,152
1,092
1,003
1,005
983
913
990
921
913
938
883
942
853
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.6
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40,408 40,667 40,987 41,391 41,752 42,099 42,250 43,470 43,471 43,775 44,398 45,070 44,724
32,580 32,729 33,066 33,216 33,589 33,825 34,064 34,681 34,787 35,095 35,634 35,862 35,603
80.7
80.2
80.4
80.6
80.6
80.3
79.8
80.5
80.0
80.2
79.6
80.3
79.6
31,846 32,054 32,386 32,512 32,982 33,195 33,492 34,084 34,133 34,445 34,941 35,248 34,982
78.5
79.0
78.8
78.4
78.8
79.0
79.3
78.8
78.5
78.7
78.2
78.7
78.2
704
608
734
597
675
680
572
630
654
650
614
692
621
2.1
1.8
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised
based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue
for additional information.
2
3
143
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-4. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1996
1997
1998
1999
IV
IV
IV
IV
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
104,708 105,143 106,088 106,915 107,213 107,548 107,942 108,346 108,981 109,930 109,989 110,090 111,222
61,332 61,685 62,162 62,478 62,711 62,765 63,113 63,233 63,647 63,919 63,732 63,864 64,207
60,102 60,428 60,877 61,204 61,385 61,473 61,767 61,877 62,233 62,537 62,315 62,427 62,782
43,376 43,443 43,921 44,456 44,489 44,732 44,815 45,188 45,326 45,947 46,254 46,302 46,992
42,514 42,564 43,084 43,543 43,583 43,763 43,866 44,125 44,431 45,057 45,286 45,329 45,941
2,309
2,245
2,312
2,168
2,344
2,150
2,127
2,318
2,336
2,388
2,092
2,334
2,499
23,218
7,421
5,327
15,798
13,369
4,522
22,995
7,366
5,283
15,654
13,288
4,424
23,305
7,432
5,247
15,865
13,490
4,568
23,346
7,541
5,330
15,791
13,286
4,730
23,309
15,757
13,325
4,510
23,384
7,493
5,379
15,881
13,534
4,470
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,767
3,176
2,771
2,580
2,311
685
5,692
3,185
2,796
2,502
2,214
681
5,450
3,039
2,646
2,428
2,147
657
5,269
2,915
2,526
2,366
2,097
646
5,117
2,892
2,558
2,240
1,956
602
5,072
2,722
2,449
2,303
2,066
557
4,867
2,683
2,323
2,214
1,946
599
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,404
553
229
840
535
640
1,427
588
261
837
513
653
1,342
574
229
785
490
623
1,325
569
230
752
45*1
645
1,277
525
227
742
469
581
1,337
578
225
756
494
618
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.2
4.9
4.4
5.6
5.2
24.7
5.1
4.9
4.4
5.4
4.9
24.1
4.9
4.7
4.2
5.2
4.7
23.6
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
23.0
4.6
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.3
21.1
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.7
7.0
4.1
5.1
3.9
12.4
5.8
7.3
4.6
5.0
3.7
12.7
5.5
7.2
4.1
4.7
3.5
12.1
5.4
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.7
5.2
6.6
4.1
4.5
3.4
11.3
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
23,153
7,389
5,318
4,798
23,203
7,370
5,132
15,814
13,217
4,853
23,209
7,515
5,236
15,691
13,200
4,773
23,343
7,618
5,379
15,741
13,228
4,736
23,001
7,559
5,254
15,437
12,964
4,782
4,903
2,765
2,383
2,141
1,922
598
4,801
2,643
2,286
2,185
1,934
581
4,746
2,520
2,242
2,152
1,906
597
4,694
2,558
2,240
2,169
1,929
525
4,662
2,571
2,235
2,099
1,864
562
4,563
2,536
2,161
2,067
1,787
615
1,224
528
201
719
449
573
1,288
555
212
726
448
628
1,319
574
213
733
441
666
1,226
502
195
724
426
604
1,257
571
239
704
415
603
1,192
490
200
693
417
576
1,171
507
217
650
389
565
4.5
4.2
3.8
4.9
4.5
19.4
4.3
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
20.6
4.3
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.2
20.3
4.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
4.2
20.0
4.1
3.8
3.5
4.5
4.1
20.4
4.1
3.9
3.5
4.5
4.1
18.0
4.1
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
19.4
3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.7
19.7
5.4
7.1
4.1
4.6
3.6
11.6
5.0
6.6
3.6
4.4
3.3
10.8
5.3
6.9
3.9
4,4
3.3
11.8
5.4
7.1
3.9
4.4
3.2
12.2
5.0
6.4
3.7
4.4
3.1
11.1
5.1
7.1
4.4
4.3
3.0
11.2
4.9
6.0
3.6
4.2
3.1
10.8
4.8
6.3
4.0
4.0
2.9
10.6
7,515
5,319
15,790
13,275
4,716
23,106
7,468
5,241
15,667
13,181
4,685
23,281
7,493
5,289
15,784
13,194
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
144
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
1999
1998
Category
IV
IV
IV
IV
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
127,809 128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153
42,517 42,572 42,503 42,637 42,838 42,854 42,722 42,930 43,171 43,227 43,162 43,362 43,254
32,512 32,668 32,556 32,895 32,896 32,816 32,834 32,795 33,037 33,277 33,495 33,389 33,639
7,467
7,610
7,831
7,870
7,784
7,892
7,820
7,921
7,979
8,111
8,063
8,306
8,433
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty .. 37,121
Technical, sales, and administrative
37,929
support
17,306
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair... 13,677
18,245
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
3,501
Farming, forestry, and fishing
37,562
37,483
37,674
38,017
38,328
38,650
39,089
39,676
39,849
40,588
40,802
40,627
38,065
17,214
13,942
18,236
3,529
38,195
17,403
14,211
18,526
3,562
38,415
17,679
14,184
18,463
3,469
38,569
17,849
14,184
18,362
3,455
38,467
17,894
14,347
18,441
3,408
38,496
17,710
14,625
18,329
3,483
38,702
17,768
14,279
18,072
3,565
38,429
17,979
14,407
18,179
3,528
38,912
18,051
14,639
18,225
3,449
38,844
17,987
14,378
17,957
3,475
38,727
17,947
14,471
18,112
3,399
39,206
17,678
14,893
18,372
3,380
1,922
1,437
46
1,953
1,421
57
1,860
1,480
47
1,825
1,488
50
1,919
1,331
40
1,932
1,373
45
2,091
1,343
33
2,042
1,312
35
1,922
1,353
38
1,928
1,357
36
1,926
1,252
44
2,001
1,231
40
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,864
1,493
61
115,189 115,705 116,709 117,490 118,049 118,554 118,843 118,939 119,774 120,894 121,081 121,307 122,015
96,975 97,588 98,661 99,293 99,883 100,311 100,539 100,606 101,123 102,098 102,229 102,232 103,122
908
915
920
979
953
967
1,010
918
911
894
944
951
944
96,008 96,670 97,753 98,378 98,963 99,300 99,560 99,695 100,170 101,204 101,285 101,281 102,179
18,048 18,198 18,166 18,243 18,304
18,118
18,213
18,333 18,651 18,797 18,852 19,075 18,893
9,105
9,053
9,299
8,893
8,926
9,019
8,789
9,000
8,911
8,911
8,768
8,870
8,727
127
133
71
120
98
145
106
109
106
93
115
90
102
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,259
2,275
1,650
17,932
4,180
2,352
1,509
18,158
4,134
2,342
1,474
18,175
4,023
2,201
1,499
17,961
3,951
2,248
1,393
18,275
3,877
2,174
1,392
18,483
3,749
2,125
1,293
18,469
3,586
2,094
1,190
18,583
3,424
1,972
1,153
18,679
3,474
2,018
1,145
18,629
3,393
1,978
1,093
18,720
3,293
1,933
1,060
19,005
3,258
1,936
1,017
18,689
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,087
2,160
1,624
17,305
3,987
2,236
1,475
17,543
3,931
2,205
1,434
17,607
3,849
2,089
1,470
17,403
3,761
2,137
1,360
17,662
3,706
2,060
1,365
17,885
3,602
2,042
1,258
17,888
3,404
1,989
1,158
17,988
3,265
1,882
1,127
18,136
3,316
1,925
1,109
18,053
3,221
1,864
1,069
18,134
3,127
1,823
1,046
18,464
3,082
1,822
998
18,131
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work
full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such
as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
145
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
1999
1998
Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
IV
IV
127,809 128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,52^ 134,153
18,789 18,918 19,025 19,023 19,224 19,501 19,579 19,566 19,789 19,966 19,967 20,084 20,249
6,613
6,785
7,004
7,012
7,098
7,151
7,166
7,137
7,088
6,643
6,617
6,597
7,243
2,630
2,697
2,789
2,749
2,748
2,782
2,785
2,795
2,766
2,647
2,624
2,811
2,701
3,979
4,093
4,203
4,279
4,349
4,362
4,391
4,332
4,326
4,008
3,973
4,431
3,892
12,192 12,301 12,382 12,410 12,439 12,497 12,567 12,478 12,692 12,815 12,801 12,947 13,006
109,003 109,637 110,330 110,905 111,203 111,368 111,700 111,956 112,393 113,124 113,264 113,438 113,879
93,422 93,803 94,313 94,908 94,839 94,996 95,137 95,340 95,575 96,177 96,039 96,105 96,600
15,859 15,973 16,016 16,373 16,391 16,514 16,640 16,840 16,959 17,170 17,354 17,304
15,585
68,688
69,208
69,598
69,839
70,114
70,313
70,633
70,695
71,125
71,289
71,248
71,501
71,761
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
9,750
3,294
1,339
9,897
9,936
3,364
9,997
3,496
6,456
58,925
50,235
60,099
51,010
9,113
6,662
60,450
51,249
9,171
60,798
51,252
51,460
8,715
6,608
60,189
51,144
9,054
1,434
2,273
6,619
1,444
2,237
20 to 24 years
1,397
2,100
6,501
10,365
3,647
1,420
2,224
10,533
3,717
1,999
6,572
59,921
50,954
8,961
10,308
3,606
1,380
2,218
6,703
10,461
1,352
10,159
3,578
1,391
2,182
6,581
60,548
10,309
3,689
2,036
6,519
59,303
50,460
8,849
10,119
3,511
1,422
2,087
10,197
3,534
1,949
9,982
3,373
1,345
2,047
6,609
59,626
50,674
8,928
9,299
59,121
59,345
59,733
60,088
60,334
60,548
60,622
9,039
3,304
9,020
3,239
1,293
1,937
5,782
50,334
43,343
7,010
9,043
3,270
9,086
3,248
1,278
1,981
5,838
50,984
43,953
7,054
9,227
9,382
3,289
1,300
3,493
1,367
2,116
5,889
51,178
1,349
2,124
5,904
51,250
43,889
7,343
Men, 16 years and over
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1,362
1,944
5,736
50,078
43,187
6,870
3,378
1,331
1,302
1,961
5,773
50,703
43,639
7,045
1,993
5,938
51,103
43,829
7,259
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
43,852
7,337
1,400
2,154
3,696
1,449
2,260
6,816
61,208
60,951
51,398
9,364
6,718
60,924
51,509
9,426
9,517
6,764
61,052
51,439
9,614
60,831
61,083
61,788
61,966
62,025
62,392
9,382
9,407
3,478
3,510
9,481
3,492
1,368
2,131
5,989
51,595
9,601
3,504
1,362
2,138
9,659
3,477
9,623
3,440
9,716
3,527
1,363
6,097
52,200
44,115
7,475
44,668
7,533
6,182
52,313
44,641
7,653
1,376
2,144
5,897
51,408
44,088
7,340
1,351
1,351
2,118
2,095
6,183
52,386
44,666
7,740
51,643
9,588
2,171
6,190
52,671
44,957
7,716
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
146
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-7. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
1999
1998
Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years ..
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
'.
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
7,160
7,124
6,777
6,614
6,387
6,412
6,076
6,207
6,114
5,981
5,930
5,868
5,727
2,519
1,311
593
724
1,208
4,633
4,120
511
2,556
1,339
602
727
1,217
4,561
4,064
512
2,439
1,282
589
696
1,157
4,337
3,833
500
2,374
1,296
598
699
1,078
4,260
3,755
502
2,332
1,168
566
608
1,163
4,048
3,575
468
2,348
1,183
589
584
1,165
4,067
3,617
460
2,228
1,174
550
627
1,054
3,842
3,406
432
2,348
1,231
568
667
1,118
3,869
3,400
464
2,205
1,232
584
649
973
3,899
3,394
501
2,240
1,212
559
643
1,028
3,741
3,249
501
2,171
1,128
544
587
1,043
3,754
3,247
505
2,175
1,141
525
621
1,034
3,701
3,208
486
2,235
1,164
547
618
1,071
3,492
3,026
3,719
3,794
3,581
3,475
3,404
3,362
3,169
3,309
3,195
3,106
3,086
3,046
3,019
1,360
728
325
406
632
2,356
2,069
280
1,396
733
338
388
663
2,387
2,094
297
1,309
712
326
393
597
2,275
1,991
285
1,318
708
313
39?
611
2,170
1,896
277
1,294
624
306
319
670
2,107
1,819
285
1.303
685
338
340
618
2,053
1,778
274
1,220
650
308
350
570
1,948
1,699
249
1,320
706
331
374
614
2,000
1,735
270
1,220
701
344
355
519
1,972
1,682
286
1,198
666
302
359
532
1,900
1,626
271
1,197
616
306
317
581
1,887
1,620
269
1,166
605
281
324
561
1,890
1,602
291
1,223
644
290
352
579
1,796
1,534
259
3,441
3,330
3,196
3,139
2,983
3,051
2,907
2,898
2,918
2,875
2,844
2,822
2,708
1,159
583
268
318
576
2,277
2,051
230
1,160
606
265
339
554
2,174
1,970
215
1,130
570
263
303
560
2,062
1,842
216
1,056
589
285
307
467
2,090
1,858
225
1,038
544
259
289
494
1,941
1,756
183
1,046
498
251
244
547
2,014
1,839
186
1,008
524
242
277
484
1,894
1,707
183
1,028
524
236
293
504
1,869
1,666
194
985
531
240
294
454
1,927
1,712
215
1,042
546
257
284
496
1,841
1,623
230
974
512
238
270
462
1,867
1,628
236
1,009
535
244
297
474
1,811
1,605
194
1,012
520
257
266
492
1,696
1,492
211
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
IV
IV
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
147
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-8. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1996
1998
1997
1999
Age and sex
IV
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
5.3
5.3
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.1
11.8
16.6
18.0
15.7
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.9
16.8
18.7
15.5
9.0
4.0
4.2
3.1
11.4
16.2
18.2
14.8
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.1
16.4
18.5
14.9
8.0
3.7
3.8
3.0
10.8
14.7
17.3
12.9
8.6
3.5
3.6
2.8
10.7
14.5
17.4
12.2
8.5
3.5
3.7
2.7
10.2
14.3
16.7
12.8
7.7
3.3
3.5
2.5
10.7
14.8
17.0
13.4
8.2
3.3
3.4
2.7
10.0
14.8
17.5
13.0
7.1
3.4
3.4
2.9
10.1
14.5
16.7
12.8
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.9
9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.5
3.2
3.3
2.9
9.8
13.8
15.8
12.5
7.4
3.2
3.2
2.7
9.9
13.8
16.3
12.2
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.6
5.1
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
12.2
18.1
19.5
17.2
8.9
3.8
4.0
3.1
12.4
17.8
20.2
16.0
9.2
3.9
4.0
3.2
11.6
17.4
19.5
16.1
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.7
17.4
18.8
16.4
8.5
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.5
15.1
18.0
13.2
9.3
3.4
3.4
3.0
11.4
16.3
19.2
14.0
8.6
3.3
3.4
2.9
10.7
15.5
18.0
14.0
7.9
3.1
3.2
2.6
11.5
16.5
19.2
14.6
8.5
3.2
3.3
2.8
10.6
16.3
20.0
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
10.4
15.4
17.6
13.9
7.3
3.0
3.1
2.8
10.4
14.3
17.6
12.3
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.8
10.0
14.1
16.3
12.7
7.7
3.0
3.0
2.9
10.4
14.8
16.7
13.5
7.8
2.9
2.9
2.6
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
11.4
15.0
16.4
14.0
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.2
11.4
15.8
17.0
14.9
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0
11.1
14.9
16.8
13.4
8.8
3.9
4.1
3.0
10.4
15.3
18.2
13.4
7.4
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.1
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.5
10.0
12.5
15.5
10.3
8.5
3.8
4.0
2.5
9.7
13.1
15.2
11.5
7.6
3.6
3.7
2.4
9.9
13.0
14.7
12.0
7.9
3.5
3.6
2.6
9.4
13.2
14.9
12.1
7.0
3.6
3.7
2.8
9.8
13.5
15.9
11.7
7.5
3.4
3.5
3.0
9.2
12.8
15.0
11.3
6.9
3.4
3.5
3.0
9.5
13.5
15.3
12.4
7.1
3.3
3.5
2.4
9.4
12.9
15.9
10.9
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.7
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
IV
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
148
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-9. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1996
1998
1997
1999
Category
IV
IV
IV
IV
CHARACTERISTIC
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.3
4.4
4.9
16.6
5.3
4.4
4.6
16.8
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.2
4.8
4.0
4.3
16.4
4.7
4.0
4.1
14.7
4.7
3.9
4.3
14.5
4.4
3.6
4.0
14.3
4.5
3.7
4.0
14.8
4.4
3.6
4.0
14.8
4.3
3.5
3.8
14.5
4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
13.8
4.1
3.4
3.6
13.8
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
4.6
9.3
10.6
8.0
4.5
9.3
4.2
9.2
10.7
8.3
10.4
7.8
4.2
8.3
9.5
7.5
4.0
8.4
9.6
7.3
4.0
8.1
9.3
7.1
3.8
7.7
8.9
7.0
3.9
7.8
9.1
7.2
3.8
7.3
8.3
7.4
3.7
7.1
8.0
6.5
3.8
6.8
7.7
6.7
3.7
7.1
8.2
6.4
3.5
7.1
8.1
6.1
3.0
3.7
8.6
2.8
3.3
8.8
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.5
2.9
7.9
2.5
3.1
7.6
2.3
2.8
7.3
2.3
2.9
7.1
2.3
2.8
6.7
2.3
2.8
6.5
2.3
2.7
6.5
2.2
2.7
6.4
2.2
2.5
6.1
2.3
4.6
5.5
7.7
7.4
2.1
4.3
5.0
8.1
7.2
2.0
4.1
4.8
7.5
7.0
2.0
4.1
4.7
7.4
6.9
1.8
4.0
4.8
6.9
7.2
1.9
4.0
4.5
6,6
6.6
1.7
3.8
4.1
6.6
6.1
1.8
3.8
4.3
6.8
6.8
1.9
3.8
3.8
6.6
6.6
1.9
3.8
3.9
6.1
7.3
2.0
3.6
4.2
6.3
7.3
1.8
3.7
4.1
6.3
6.1
1.8
3.6
3.9
6.2
6.1
5.4
6.0
5.7
9.8
4.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
4.0
6.2
2.9
5.1
3.0
10.3
5.3
5.7
4.1
9.5
4.5
4.1
5.2
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.2
4.9
2.9
8.7
5.1
5.4
2.9
8.7
4.3
3.6
5.4
4.9
3.2
6.3
3.1
4.7
2.5
9.0
4.9
5.2
4.0
8.8
4.1
3.3
5.2
4.8
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.5
2.6
9.2
4.7
4.9
4.0
8.5
3.7
3.2
4.5
4.7
3.2
6.0
2.6
4.4
2.4
9.7
4.7
4.9
3.1
8.2
3.9
3.4
4.6
4.7
3.5
5.7
2.6
4.6
2.5
9.1
4.5
4.6
2.8
7.4
3.7
3.2
4.6
4.5
3.3
5.4
2.2
4.6
2.1
7.9
4.7
4.9
3.4
7.6
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.6
3.4
5.6
2.4
4.5
2.3
8.0
4.5
4.6
3.6
6.8
3.9
3.3
4.8
4.5
3.2
5.4
2.7
4.5
2.2
8.0
4.3
4.6
6.3
7.2
3.6
3.2
4.1
4.2
2.9
5.3
2.3
4.2
2.2
9.7
4.3
4.6
6.4
7.3
3.6
3.4
3.9
4.3
3.0
5.3
2.6
4.1
2.4
9.7
4.3
4.7
5.6
7.1
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.1
5.1
2.3
4.2
2.1
8.1
4.2
4.4
4.5
6.3
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.1
5.2
2.2
3.9
2.1
7.7
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
4.2
3.5
3.8
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised baesd on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
149
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-10. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
1998
1999
Reason
IV
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,215
970
2,245
845
2,520
589
3,193
973
2,221
818
2,508
608
3,063
952
2,111
794
2,384
559
2,930
850
2,080
845
2,246
569
2,924
923
2,001
714
2,207
541
2,894
896
1,998
778
2,208
531
2,781
796
1,985
698
2,094
524
2,817
905
1,913
749
2,130
496
2,787
857
1,930
710
2,093
529
2,692
850
1,842
751
2,035
488
2,681
852
1,829
807
2,037
424
2,624
870
1,754
773
1,971
481
2,471
816
1,655
808
1,976
483
44.8
13.5
31.3
11.8
35.2
8.2
44.8
13.6
31.2
11.5
35.2
8.5
45.0
14.0
31.0
11.7
35.1
8.2
44.5
12.9
31.6
12.8
34.1
8.6
45.8
14.4
31.3
11.2
34.6
8.5
45.1
14.0
31.2
12.1
34.4
8.3
45.6
13.1
32.6
11.5
34.3
8.6
45.5
14.6
30.9
12.1
34.4
8.0
45.5
14.0
31.5
11.6
34.2
8.6
45.1
14.2
30.9
12.6
34.1
8.2
45.1
14.3
30.7
13.6
34.2
7.1
44.9
14.9
30.0
13.2
33.7
8.2
43.1
14.2
28.8
14.1
34.4
8.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.3
.6
1.8
.4
2.1
.6
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
1.6
.4
2.1
.6
1.6
.4
2.0
.5
1.5
.4
2.0
.5
1.5
.4
2.0
.5
1.5
.4
1.9
.5
1.5
.4
1.9
.6
1.5
.3
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
1.8
.6
1.4
.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
D-11. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
1998
1999
Duration
IV
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
2,675
2,317
2,193
1,029
1,164
2,630
2,296
2,138
1,015
1,123
2,517
2,149
2,115
1,047
1,068
2,470
2,098
2,065
988
1,077
2,522
1,982
1,905
915
990
2,657
1,936
1,798
838
961
2,598
1,992
1,533
701
832
2,608
1,971
1,620
765
854
2,642
1,912
1,587
745
843
2,501
1,940
1,499
761
738
2,594
1,825
1,542
795
748
2,607
1,794
1,462
745
717
2,589
1,755
1,408
712
695
15.9
7.9
15.8
7.9
15.5
8.1
16.1
8.1
15.8
7.6
15.2
7.0
14.5
6.5
14.1
6.7
14.1
6.5
13.6
6.8
13.6
6.3
13.2
6.0
13.0
6.1
100.0
37.2
32.2
30.5
14.3
16.2
100.0
37.2
32.5
30.3
14.4
15.9
100.0
37.1
31.7
31.2
15.4
15.7
100.0
37.2
31.6
31.1
14.9
16.2
100.0
39.4
30.9
29.7
14.3
15.4
100.0
41.6
30.3
28.1
13.1
15.0
100.0
42.4
32.5
25.0
11.4
13.6
100.0
42.1
31.8
26.1
12.3
13.8
100.0
43.0
31.1
25.8
12.1
13.7
100.0
42.1
32.7
25.2
12.8
12.4
100.0
43.5
30.6
25.9
13.3
12.5
100.0
44.5
30.6
24.9
12.7
12.2
100.0
45.0
30.5
24.5
12.4
12.1
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
150
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Employment status, sex, and age
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
206,098
138,280
67.1
132,578
3,270
129,308
5,702
4.1
67,818
208,660
139,866
67.0
134,534
3,153
131,381
5,332
3.8
68,795
172,079
115,801
67.3
111,646
3,063
108,583
4,155
3.6
56,278
173,705
116,771
67.2
112,975
2,978
109,997
3,797
3.3
56,934
24,529
16,190
66.0
14,929
141
14,788
1,261
7.8
8,338
25,018
16,523
66.0
15,270
102
15,168
1,254
7.6
8,495
21,347
14,459
67.7
13,442
731
12,711
1,018
7.0
6,887
21,945
14,881
67.8
14,012
727
13,285
869
5.8
7,064
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
99,216
74,127
74.7
71,135
2,491
68,644
2,992
4.0
25,088
100,177
74,600
74.5
71,774
2,353
69,421
2,826
3.8
25,577
83,680
63,145
75.5
60,902
2,322
58,580
2,243
3.6
20,536
84,252
63,344
75.2
61,320
2,210
59,110
2,025
3.2
20,908
11,002
7,606
69.1
7,004
118
6,885
603
7.9
3,395
11,221
7,756
69.1
7,113
88
7,025
643
8.3
3,465
10,876
8,655
79.6
8,124
665
7,459
531
6.1
2,221
10,850
8,654
79.8
8,204
640
7,565
449
5.2
2,197
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
91,171
70,022
76.8
67,674
2,318
65,355
2,348
3.4
21,149
91,978
70,434
76.6
68,197
2,186
66,011
2,236
3.2
21,544
77,241
59,663
77.2
57,892
2,156
55,736
1,771
3.0
17,578
77,739
59,805
76.9
58,213
2,048
56,165
1,592
2.7
17,934
9,794
7,131
72.8
6,669
113
6,556
462
6.5
2,663
10,002
7,309
73.1
6,798
86
6,712
511
7.0
2,694
9,700
8,078
83.3
7,655
624
7,031
423
5.2
1,622
9,649
8,052
83.4
7,711
604
7,107
341
4.2
1,598
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
106,882
64,152
60.0
61,443
779
60,663
2,710
4.2
42,729
108,484
65,266
60.2
62,760
800
61,960
2,506
3.8
43,218
88,399
52,657
59.6
50,744
741
50,003
1,913
3.6
35,742
89,452
53,427
59.7
51,655
768
50,887
1,772
3.3
36,025
13,527
8,584
63.5
7,926
23
7,903
658
7.7
4,943
13,797
8,767
63.5
8,157
14
8,143
611
7.0
5,030
10,471
5,804
55.4
5,317
65
5,252
487
8.4
4,667
11,095
6,227
56.1
5,808
88
5,720
420
6.7
4,868
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
99,118
60,296
60.8
58,065
742
57,322
2,231
3.7
38,822
100,566
61,386
61.0
59,348
765
58,582
2,038
3.3
39,180
82,287
49,443
60.1
47,882
705
47,177
1,561
3.2
32,844
83,228
50,156
60.3
48,723
734
47,989
1,433
2.9
33,072
12,276
8,064
65.7
7,513
22
7,491
551
6.8
4,212
12,535
8,306
66.3
7,805
14
7,791
501
6.0
4,229
9,412
5,358
56.9
4,982
62
4,921
375
7.0
4,054
9,967
5,777
58.0
5,445
84
5,361
332
5.7
4,190
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15,809
7,962
50.4
6,839
209
6,630
1,123
14.1
7,846
16,117
8,046
49.9
6,989
201
6,787
1,057
13.1
8,071
12,551
6,695
53.3
5,871
202
5,670
824
12.3
5,856
12,739
6,810
53.5
6,039
196
5,842
772
11.3
5,929
2,459
996
40.5
748
6
741
248
24.9
1,463
2,481
909
36.6
667
1
665
242
26.6
1,572
2,235
1,023
45.8
804
45
758
220
21.5
1,211
2,329
1,052
45.2
856
40
816
196
18.6
1,277
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
151
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-13. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
C u b a n origin
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
21,347
14,459
67.7
13,442
731
12,711
1,018
7.0
6,887
21,945
14,881
67.8
14,012
727
13,285
869
5.8
7,064
13,325
9,135
68.6
8,496
671
7,824
640
7.0
4,189
13,765
9,432
68.5
8,873
656
8,218
558
5.9
4,333
2,077
1,274
61.4
1,167
9
1,158
107
8.4
802
1,980
1,225
61.9
1,122
4
1,118
103
8.4
755
1,084
673
62.1
623
6
617
49
7.3
411
1,097
675
61.5
637
4
633
39
5.7
422
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
10,876
8,655
79.6
8,124
665
7,459
531
6.1
2,221
10,850
8,654
79.8
8,204
640
7,565
449
5.2
2,197
6,974
5,677
81.4
5,344
609
4,735
334
5.9
1,296
7,002
5,717
81.7
5,438
575
4,863
280
4.9
1,284
991
698
70.5
639
8
631
59
8.4
293
917
638
69.5
580
3
576
58
9.1
279
540
403
74.5
380
6
374
22
5.5
138
540
393
72.7
367
4
364
26
6.5
148
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
9,700
8,078
83.3
7,655
624
7,031
423
5.2
1,622
9,649
8,052
83.4
7,711
604
7,107
341
4.2
1,598
6,185
5,277
85.3
5,011
568
4,443
266
5.0
907
6,173
5,271
85.4
5,070
539
4,531
201
3.8
902
875
638
73.0
596
8
588
42
6.6
236
813
594
73.0
550
3
547
44
7.4
219
515
386
75.0
367
6
361
19
4.8
129
505
378
74.9
357
4
353
21
5.5
126
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
10,471
5,804
55.4
5,317
65
5,252
487
8.4
4,667
11,095
6,227
56.1
5,808
88
5,720
420
6.7
4,868
6,351
3,458
54.4
3,152
63
3,089
306
8.9
2,893
6,763
3,714
54.9
3,436
81
3,355
279
7.5
3,049
1,086
577
53.1
528
1
527
49
8.4
510
1,063
587
55.3
543
1
542
45
7.6
475
543
270
49.8
243
243
27
10.1
273
557
282
50.7
269
269
13
4.6
275
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
9,412
5,358
56.9
4,982
62
4,921
375
7.0
4,054
9,967
5,777
58.0
5,445
84
5,361
332
5.7
4,190
5,594
3,126
55.9
2,906
59
2,847
220
7.0
2,469
5,998
3,410
56.9
3,187
77
3,110
223
6.6
2,587
983
527
53.6
493
1
492
34
6.4
456
951
543
57.1
513
1
513
29
5.4
408
520
267
51.3
239
_
239
27
10.3
253
536
280
52.1
267
_
267
13
4.6
257
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
2,235
1,023
45.8
804
45
758
220
21.5
1,211
2,329
1,052
45.2
856
40
816
196
18.6
1,277
1,546
733
47.4
579
45
534
154
21.0
813
1,594
750
47.1
617
40
577
134
17.8
844
220
109
49.7
77
-.
77
32
29.2
110
216
89
41.1
59
_
59
30
33.6
127
49
20
()
17
_
17
3
2
()
29
56
18
()
13
_
13
5
2
()
39
TOTAL
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2 Data not shown where base
hasa is less
les' than 60,000.
2
2
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
152
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-14. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Category
Hispanic origin
Black
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
132,578
71,135
61,443
134,534
71,774
62,760
111,646
60,902
50,744
112,975
61,320
51,655
14,929
7,004
7,926
15,270
7,113
8,157
13,442
8,124
5,317
14,012
8,204
5,808
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
39,916
19,496
20,420
40,856
19,700
21,156
34,774
17,228
17.546
35,384
17,310
18,074
3,086
1,471
1,615
3,333
1,542
1,791
1,932
1,076
856
2,009
1,066
944
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
38,547
4,163
16,107
18,276
39,325
4,442
16,427
18,456
32,431
3,455
13,891
15,086
32,976
3,676
14,158
15,142
4,420
465
1,504
2,451
4,486
475
1,472
2,540
3,141
282
1,260
1,600
3,264
266
1,281
1,717
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
17,838
861
2,388
14,589
17,525
828
2,324
14,373
13,723
700
1,907
11,116
13,415
661
1,812
10,942
3,258
134
433
2,691
3,175
125
445
2,605
2,706
272
198
2,236
2,714
237
197
2,280
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,398
4,772
5,629
3,996
14,894
4,708
6,152
4,035
12,721
4,215
5,077
3,428
13,263
4,181
5,622
3,460
1,139
392
381
365
1,130
368
390
373
1,872
500
808
564
2,034
509
991
534
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,475
7,757
5,516
5,201
851
4,351
18,678
7,385
5,803
5,490
1,017
4,473
14,856
6,147
4,522
4,187
739
3,448
14,915
5,816
4,719
4,381
834
3,547
2,852
1,187
845
820
91
729
2,993
1,159
952
881
143
738
2,995
1,347
684
964
212
752
3,222
1,403
725
1,093
264
829
3,405
3,255
3,141
3,022
174
153
795
769
1,950
1,284
35
1,906
1,205
42
1,796
1,231
35
1,785
1,153
40
106
36
75
27
681
47
3
652
74
1
120,276
18,783
101,493
960
100,533
8,929
103
122,537
19,021
103,517
948
102,569
8,747
97
100,535
15,037
85,497
772
84,725
7,964
84
102,132
15,301
86,832
744
86,088
7,784
80
14,237
2,935
11,302
159
11,143
545
6
14,574
2,933
11,640
153
11,488
589
5
12,160
1,320
10,840
280
10,560
547
4
12,643
1,388
11,255
246
11,009
631
10
108,760
23,817
110,999
23,535
90,960
20,686
92,646
20,329
12,731
2,199
13,101
2,168
11,490
1,952
12,100
1,912
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household data.
153
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-15. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
Category
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
14,012
8,204
5,808
8,496
5,344
3,152
8,873
5,438
3,436
1,167
639
528
1,122
580
543
623
380
243
637
367
269
1,932
1,076
856
2,009
1,066
944
945
551
394
1,040
551
489
212
110
102
224
111
113
166
103
63
158
89
70
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
3,141
282
1,260
1,600
3,264
266
1,281
1,717
1,787
165
709
913
1,929
188
705
1,035
369
23
143
203
342
13
135
194
185
22
88
75
183
6
92
84
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
2,706
272
198
2,236
2,714
237
197
2,280
1,710
128
108
1,474
1,687
120
100
1,468
199
3
47
149
191
7
40
144
83
11
73
98
1
12
85
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
1,872
500
808
564
2,034
509
991
534
1,232
326
541
366
1,402
306
724
372
147
42
48
57
129
52
32
45
67
22
22
22
66
24
29
14
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
2,995
1,347
684
964
212
752
3,222
1,403
725
1,093
264
829
2,106
967
448
691
176
515
2,141
943
427
771
212
559
222
118
50
54
3
51
226
92
53
82
8
74
112
30
51
32
128
53
39
36
2
34
795
769
716
675
19
11
10
681
47
3
652
74
1
630
39
3
596
58
1
12,160
1,320
10,840
280
10,560
547
4
12,643
1,388
11,255
246
11,009
631
10
7,536
811
6,725
135
6,590
286
2
7,861
899
6,962
128
6,835
347
9
1,115
186
929
3
926
40
2
1,077
176
901
7
894
41
597
70
527
527
20
598
76
523
1
522
34
11,490
1,952
12,100
1,912
7,276
1,220
7,663
1,210
989
178
978
144
559
64
560
77
IV
1998
IV
1999
13,442
8,124
5,317
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
IV
1998
IV
1999
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
32
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part time workers
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
154
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:
White
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
132,578
134,534
111,646
6,839
2,657
4,182
12,664
113,074
96,067
17,007
6,989
2,720
4,268
12,977
114,568
97,093
17,475
71,135
Hispanic origin
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
112,975
14,929
15,270
13,442
14,012
5,871
2,330
3,542
10,549
95,226
80,275
14,951
6,039
2,368
3,671
10,784
96,152
80,881
15,271
748
249
499
1,574
12,608
11,164
1,445
667
230
436
1,618
12,985
11,473
1,511
804
206
598
1,927
10,711
9,725
986
856
258
598
1,903
11,253
10,195
1,058
71,774
60,902
61,320
7,004
7,113
8,124
8,204
3,462
1,319
2,142
6,667
61,007
51,569
9,437
3,576
1,388
2,189
6,784
61,414
51,755
9,659
3,010
1,159
1,851
5,679
52,213
43,843
8,370
3,107
1,216
1,891
5,787
52,426
43,882
8,544
335
117
218
698
5,971
5,283
688
315
106
209
727
6,070
5,357
713
469
107
362
1,204
6,451
5,842
609
493
130
363
1,169
6,542
5,907
635
61,443
62,760
50,744
51,655
7,926
8,157
5,317
5,808
3,378
1,338
2,040
5,997
52,067
44,497
7,570
3,412
1,333
2,079
6,193
53,154
45,338
7,816
2,862
1,171
1,691
4,869
43,013
36,432
6,581
2,932
1,152
1,780
4,998
43,726
36,998
6,727
413
132
281
876
6,637
5,880
756
352
124
228
891
6,914
6,117
798
335
100
235
722
4,260
3,883
377
363
128
235
735
4,710
4,288
423
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
Black
controls used in the household survey.
155
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
White
Total
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1999
IV
1998
Hispanic origin
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.3
7.8
7.6
7.0
5.8
14.1
16.0
12.8
6.5
3.2
3.3
2.7
13.1
14.8
12.0
6.9
2.8
2.9
2.4
12.3
14.2
11.0
5.5
2.8
2.8
2.5
11.3
13.4
9.9
5.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
24.9
28.9
22.7
13.2
5.8
6.0
4.0
26.6
28.0
25.9
14.3
5.4
5.6
4.0
21.5
30.5
17.8
8.7
5.4
5.4
5.8
18.6
24.8
15.7
7.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.2
7.9
8.3
6.1
5.2
15.7
18.6
13.8
6.8
3.0
3.0
2.8
14.2
15.2
13.5
7.4
2.7
2.7
2.5
13.6
16.7
11.5
5.8
2.6
2.6
2.6
12.2
13.9
11.1
5.9
2.3
2.3
2.3
29.7
33.1
27.7
14.1
5.5
5.6
4.2
29.5
30.4
29.1
16.2
5.8
5.9
4.6
18.7
30.0
14.7
8.5
4.6
4.5
5.6
18.0
26.1
14.7
7.6
3.6
3.5
4.4
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.3
7.7
7.0
8.4
6.7
12.4
13.4
11.8
6.2
3.4
3.5
2.5
12.1
14.4
10.5
6.5
2.9
3.0
2.4
10.9
11.7
10.4
5.1
2.9
3.0
2.4
10.4
12.9
8.6
5.4
2.6
2.6
2.2
20.5
24.7
18.4
12.4
6.0
6.3
3.9
23.8
25.8
22.6
12.8
5.1
5.3
3.5
25.0
31.2
22.0
8.9
6.7
6.7
6.1
19.5
23.5
17.1
7.9
5.4
5.5
4.3
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
IV
1998
Black
controls used in the household survey.
156
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-18. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Reasons
Black
Hispanic origin
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
5,702
2,621
752
1,869
1,272
596
679
1,957
446
5,332
2,318
717
1,601
1,079
522
766
1,845
404
4,155
1,982
636
1,347
928
419
524
1,368
281
3,797
1,694
583
1,111
777
334
606
1,236
260
1,261
524
90
434
275
159
125
480
132
1,254
503
97
406
238
168
130
513
107
1,018
481
148
333
203
130
77
337
122
869
390
131
259
148
111
85
292
101
46.0
13.2
32.8
11.9
34.3
7.8
43.5
13.4
30.0
14.4
34.6
7.6
47.7
15.3
32.4
12.6
32.9
6.8
44.6
15.4
29.3
16.0
32.6
6.8
41.6
7.2
34.4
9.9
38.1
10.5
40.2
7.8
32.4
10.4
40.9
8.5
47.3
14.6
32.7
7.6
33.1
12.0
44.9
15.0
29.8
9.8
33.7
11.6
1.9
.5
1.4
.3
1.7
.5
1.3
.3
1.7
.5
1.2
.2
1.5
.5
1.1
.2
3.2
.8
3.0
.8
3.0
.8
3.1
.6
3.3
.5
2.3
.8
2.6
.6
2.0
.7
IV
1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orgin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
157
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-19. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Duration
White
Hispanic origin
Black
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
5,702
2,413
1,825
1,463
660
803
5,332
2,364
1,669
1,299
633
666
4,155
1,918
1,291
946
446
500
3,797
1,831
1,162
803
425
378
1,261
370
432
458
192
267
1,254
415
413
425
171
254
1,018
460
315
243
110
133
869
404
275
190
102
88
14.4
6.2
13.2
5.9
12.7
5.3
11.6
4.9
19.7
10.2
18.3
9.4
13.1
5.6
11.8
5.5
100.0
42.3
32.0
25.7
11.6
14.1
100.0
44.3
31.3
24.4
11.9
12.5
100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
10.7
12.0
100.0
48.2
30.6
21.2
11.2
10.0
100.0
29.4
34.3
36.3
15.2
21.1
100.0
33.1
33.0
33.9
13.7
20.3
100.0
45.2
30.9
23.9
10.8
13.1
100.0
46.5
31.6
21.9
11.8
10.1
IV
1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
158
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
96,213
98,217
$541
$568
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
54,459
6,245
48,214
55,286
6,262
49,024
614
342
664
633
377
681
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
41,754
4,563
37,191
42,931
4,648
38,284
471
311
495
483
331
506
White
Men
Women
79,627
46,128
33,499
81,300
46,859
34,441
565
635
481
586
654
494
Black
Men
Women
12,015
5,807
6,208
12,213
5,855
6,358
439
481
405
450
496
408
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
10,812
6,875
3,937
11,258
6,876
4,382
372
397
337
383
406
345
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
159
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
21,324
21,630
$158
$165
6,739
3,622
3,117
6,759
3,797
2,961
143
115
195
156
125
208
14,585
4,615
9,970
14,872
4,791
10,080
165
117
199
169
122
201
White
Men
Women
18,310
5,639
12,671
18,360
5,608
12,751
159
143
167
168
156
173
Black
Men
Women
2,172
735
1,437
2,274
762
1,512
148
138
154
146
145
147
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1,752
587
1,166
1,784
573
1,211
163
171
158
163
154
168
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
160
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Occupation and sex
IV
1998
IV
1999
30,396
15,034
31,355
15,269
16,086
27,484
3,711
IV
1998
IV
1999
TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
15,362
27,225
3,349
9,734
9,941
14,143
10,469
413
2,071
13,833
10,521
307
7,985
8,125
11,979
11,245
3,807
2,089
3,959
4,049
3,389
4,415
3,605
15,158
6,985
15,283
6,646
4,520
4,349
3,824
1,721
4,117
1,596
$792
788
795
482
611
510
443
325
236
615
306
585
606
566
580
423
420
520
359
303
$814
814
814
494
632
531
453
337
296
621
313
605
636
586
598
444
442
527
375
344
942
947
937
612
738
635
526
396
1
)
$629
321
597
604
567
617
467
487
537
372
313
971
1,015
947
639
736
670
556
410
(1)
$637
348
616
636
589
641
480
502
536
389
359
672
642
698
422
519
375
421
298
227
542
296
439
690
1
)
$414
342
345
406
315
253
698
656
733
436
548
407
429
302
298
501
299
437
646
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
15,579
8,111
7,468
10,349
1,698
5,238
3,414
5,239
30
1,739
3,469
10,317
3,681
3,985
2,651
11,501
4,490
3,979
3,032
1,475
15,733
8,079
7,654
10,546
1,804
5,362
3,379
5,086
4
1,752
3,331
10,869
3,734
4,336
2,799
11,661
4,130
4,150
3,382
1,391
Women
14,817
6,923
7,894
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
16,876
1,651
7,190
8,432
16,938
1,906
4,496
4,579
10,729
5,230
382
10,453
5,434
303
337
331
4,516
928
126
64
737
3,657
2,495
370
793
246
1 Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
15,622
4,794
1,110
225
79
806
3,621
2,517
370
735
206
controls used in the household survey.
161
1
)
$409
351
352
465
311
263
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Veteran status and age
IV
1998
IV
1999
Percent of
labor force
Number
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,779
5,796
630
2,084
3,083
1,983
7,739
5,298
439
1,744
3,114
2,442
6,478
5,149
561
1,881
2,707
1,329
6,307
4,664
381
1,537
2,746
1,643
6,324
5,025
540
1,835
2,649
1,300
6,146
4,529
368
1,490
2,672
1,617
154
124
21
46
58
30
161
134
13
47
75
27
2.4
2.4
3.7
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.9
3.4
3.0
2.7
1.6
20,615
9,317
6,994
4,304
21,704
9,479
7,522
4,702
18,674
8,602
6,363
3,710
19,639
8,759
6,786
4,094
18,210
8,386
6,197
3,626
19,175
8,566
6,620
3,989
465
216
166
83
464
193
166
104
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.6
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
162
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAVES
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age
Black
White
Nonveterans
Hispanic origin
IV
1999
White
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1998
5,111
4,573
4,459
114
2.5
4,678
4,169
4,060
109
2.6
567
483
474
9
1.9
521
416
393
23
5.6
231
207
198
9
4.4
493
442
426
16
3.6
362
317
310
6
2.0
115
104
99
5
4.9
72
60
54
6
9.6
36
33
30
3
22
19
19
7,929
7,412
7,249
164
2.2
1,808
1,648
1,606
42
2.5
1,512
1,362
1,323
39
2.9
224
190
186
4
2.0
191
141
133
8
5.6
86
80
77
3
4.3
70
64
64
2,809
2,483
2,426
57
2.3
2,805
2,490
2,426
64
2.6
228
189
189
1
.3
258
216
206
10
4.6
109
94
92
2
2.5
147
138
137
Black
Hispanic origin
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
IV
1998
IV
1999
239 17,464 18,327
221 16,064 16,814
221 15,696 16,463
351
368
2.1
.2
2.3
2,102
1,675
1,599
76
4.5
2,266
1,836
1,750
86
4.7
2,186
1,931
1,853
77
4.0
2,196
1,918
1,849
69
3.6
8,021
7,503
7,359
144
1.9
929
770
726
43
5.6
840
796
45
5.3
1,036
935
895
40
4.3
1,016
918
892
26
2.8
5,937
5,488
5,353
135
2.5
6,370
5,842
5,710
132
2.3
740
594
572
22
3.7
798
634
606
28
4.4
681
610
586
24
4.0
662
583
552
31
5.3
3,599
3,163
3,094
70
2.2
3,936
3,470
3,395
76
2.2
433
312
301
11
3.4
469
362
348
13
3.7
469
386
372
13
3.4
518
418
405
13
3.0
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
.3
163
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Employment and Unemployment:
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National
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National labor force data
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labor force data
Longitudinal research
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Mass layoff statistics
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Annual Averages
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1936 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Persons 14 years of age and over
1
1
1936
1937
1938
1939
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
53,440
54,000
54,610
55,230
(1)
(1)
44,410
46,300
44,220
45,750
10,000
9,820
9,690
9,610
34,410
36,480
34,530
36,140
9,030
7,700
10,390
9,480
16.9
14.3
19.0
17.2
( )
( )
( )
)
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
(1)
(1)
98,640
94,640
93,220
94,090
103,070
106,018
55,640
55,910
56,410
55,540
54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168
(1)
57.2
58.7
58.6
57.2
55.8
56.8
47,520
50,350
53,750
54,470
53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812
9,540
9,100
9,250
9,080
8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256
37,980
41,250
44,500
45,390
45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557
8,120
5,560
2,660
1,070
670
1,040
2,270
2,356
14.6
9.9
4.7
1.9
1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9
( )
)
42,230
39,100
38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850
( )
Persons 16 years of age and over
1947
1948
1949
101,827
103,068
103,994
59,350
60,621
61,286
58.3
58.8
58.9
57,038
58,343
57,651
7,890
7,629
7,658
49,148
50,714
49,993
2,311
2,276
3,637
3.9
3.8
5.9
42,477
42,447
42,708
1950
1951
1952
19532
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
104,995
104,621
105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
59.2
59.2
59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
3,288
2,055
1,883
1.834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
19602
1961
19622
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2.817
2,832
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970
1971
19722
19732
1974
1975
1976
1977
19782
1979
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
6T.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75.215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55.834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19862
1987
1988
1989
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7.637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
19902
1991
1992
1993
19942
1995
1996
19972
19982
19993
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7.996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385
3
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and
earlier years because of the revisions in the population controls used in the household
survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.
1
Not available.
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
166
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutionai
population
Year
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Men
1967
1968
1969
60,905
61,847
62,898
48,987
49,533
50,221
80.4
80.1
79.8
47,479
48,114
48,818
78.0
77.8
77.6
3,164
3,157
2,963
44,315
44,957
45,855
1,508
1,419
1,403
3.1
2.9
2.8
11,919
12,315
12,677
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979
64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020
51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726
79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
76.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
74.9
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
2,862
2,795
2,849
2,847
2,919
2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686
46,128
46,595
48,047
49,502
50,105
49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
72.0
71.3
69.0
68.8
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19992
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
73,959
74,512
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
2,553
2,432
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69,014
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3,266
3,066
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25,210
. ...
Women
1967
1968
1969
68,968
70,179
71,436
28,360
29,204
30,513
41.1
41.6
42.7
26,893
27,807
29,084
39.0
39.6
40.7
680
660
643
26,212
27,147
28,441
1,468
1,397
1,429
5.2
4.8
4.7
40,608
40,976
40,924
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979
72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843
31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.0
42.6
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
601
599
635
622
596
584
588
612
669
661
29,087
29,377
30,622
32,093
33,173
33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
47.7
48.0
47.7
48.0
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19992
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2,814
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
42,748
43,175
1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.
167
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Not
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
207,753
16,040
8,060
7,979
17,968
118,198
37,976
18,339
19,637
44,635
22,379
22,256
35,587
19,324
16,263
23,064
12,747
10,317
32,484
9,281
8,540
14,663
139,368
8,333
3,337
4,996
13,933
99,414
32,143
15,517
16,626
37,882
18,937
18,945
29,388
16,330
13,058
13,682
8,895
4,787
4,005
2,137
1.116
752
67.1
52.0
41.4
62.6
77.5
84.1
84.6
84.6
84.7
84.9
84.6
85.1
82.6
84.5
80.3
59.3
69.8
46.4
12.3
23.0
13.1
5.1
133,488
7,172
2,793
4,379
12,891
96,228
30,865
14,836
16,029
36,728
18,345
18.382
28,635
15,904
12,731
13,315
8,656
4,659
3,882
2,065
1,088
729
64.3
44.7
34.7
54.9
71.7
81.4
81.3
80.9
81.6
82.3
82.0
82.6
80.5
82.3
78.3
57.7
67.9
45.2
11.9
22.2
12.7
5.0
3,281
234
107
128
332
2,009
648
318
330
782
388
393
580
341
239
422
234
188
283
120
81
82
130,207
6,938
2,686
4,251
12,559
94,219
30,218
14,519
15,699
35,946
17,957
17,989
28.055
15.563
12,492
12,893
8,422
4,471
3,599
1.945
1.007
648
5,880
1,162
544
618
1,042
3,186
1,278
681
597
1,154
592
562
753
426
327
367
239
128
124
72
29
23
4.2
13.9
16.3
12.4
7.5
3.2
4.0
4.4
3.6
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.1
3.4
2.6
3.0
68,385
7,706
4,723
2,983
4,034
18,785
5,833
2,822
3,011
6,753
3,441
3,311
6.199
2,994
3,205
9,382
3,852
5,530
28,478
7,144
7,424
13.911
99,722
8,167
4.143
4,024
8,899
57,870
18,565
8,931
9,634
21,969
11,026
10,942
17,335
9,444
7,892
11,008
6,123
4,885
13,779
4,279
3,776
5,724
74,512
4,318
1,732
2,587
7,291
53,093
17,318
8,283
9,035
20,382
10,287
10,095
15,394
8,532
6,862
7,477
4,799
2,678
2,333
1,218
657
458
74.7
52.9
41.8
64.3
81.9
91.7
93.3
92.7
93.8
92.8
93.3
92.3
88.8
90.3
87.0
67.9
78.4
54.8
16.9
28.5
17.4
8.0
71.446
3.685
1,437
2,249
6,729
51,496
16,694
7,949
8,745
19,811
9,999
9,811
14,991
8,302
2,432
188
84
104
259
1,467
497
249
247
569
301
269
401
240
160
297
160
136
222
94
64
63
69.014
3,497
1,353
2,145
6,470
50,029
16,198
7,700
8,498
19,241
7,274
4,671
2,603
2,263
1,177
642
444
71.6
45.1
34.7
55.9
75.6
89.0
89.9
89.0
90.8
90.2
90.7
89.7
86.5
87.9
84.8
66.1
76.3
53.3
16.4
27.5
17.0
7.8
9,543
14,590
8,062
6,528
6,977
4,511
2,466
2,041
1,083
578
380
3,066
633
295
338
562
1,597
624
334
290
571
288
283
403
229
173
203
128
75
70
40
15
14
4.1
14.7
17.0
13.1
7.7
3.0
3.6
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.3
2.3
3.1
25,210
3,848
2,411
1,437
1,608
4.776
1.248
649
599
1,587
739
848
1,942
912
1,029
3,531
1,324
2,207
11,446
3,062
3,119
5,266
108.031
7.873
3.917
3,955
9,069
60,329
19,411
9,408
10,003
22,666
11,352
11,314
18,251
9,880
8,371
12,056
6,624
5,432
18,705
5,002
4,764
8,939
64,855
4.015
1,606
2,410
6,643
46,321
14,826
7,235
7,591
17,501
8,650
8,850
13,994
7,798
6,196
6,204
4,096
2,109
1,673
920
459
294
60.0
51.0
41.0
60.9
73.2
76.8
76.4
76.9
75.9
77.2
76.2
78.2
76.7
78.9
74.0
51.5
61.8
38.8
8.9
18.4
9.6
3.3
62.042
3.487
1.357
2,130
6,163
44,732
14,171
6,888
7,284
16,917
8.346
8,571
13,644
7,602
6,042
6,041
3,985
2,056
1,619
888
446
286
57.4
44.3
34.6
53.9
68.0
74.1
73.0
73.2
72.8
74.6
73.5
75.8
74.8
76.9
72.2
50.1
60.2
37.8
8.7
17.7
9.4
3.2
849
46
23
23
74
542
151
68
83
212
87
125
179
100
78
126
74
52
61
26
17
18
61,193
3,440
1.334
2,107
6,089
44,190
14,020
6,819
7,201
16,705
8,259
8,446
13,465
7,501
5,964
5,915
3,911
2.004
1,558
862
429
267
2,814
529
249
280
480
1,588
654
347
307
584
304
279
350
197
154
163
110
53
54
32
13
9
4.3
13.2
15.5
11.6
7.2
3.4
4.4
4.8
4.0
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.5
2.9
2.9
43,175
3,858
2,312
1,546
2,426
14,008
4,585
2.173
2,412
5,166
2,702
2,464
4,257
2,082
2,175
5,851
2,528
3,323
17,032
4,082
4,305
8.645
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
168
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race - - Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over...
173,085
12,700
6,342
6,358
14,394
97,319
30,516
14,637
15,879
36,755
18,387
18,368
30,048
16,167
13,881
19,855
10,951
8,904
28,818
8,036
7,563
13,220
116,509
7,048
2,849
4,199
11,436
82,470
25,978
12,470
13,507
31,391
15,650
15,741
25,102
13,817
11,285
11.960
7,755
4,205
3,595
1,887
1,023
685
67.3
55.5
44.9
66.0
79.5
84.7
85.1
85.2
85.1
85.4
85.1
85.7
83.5
85.5
81.3
60.2
70.8
47.2
12.5
23.5
13.5
5.2
112,235
6,204
2,435
3,769
10,716
75.6
56.4
45.2
67.7
84.9
92.8
94.3
93.8
94.8
93.8
94.3
93.3
90.1
91.7
88.3
69.1
79.7
55.8
17.2
29.0
18.1
8.2
61,139
3,205
1,254
1,951
5,753
43,678
59.6
54.5
44.6
64.3
73.9
76.8
76.0
76.7
75.4
77.1
76.0
78.1
77.1
79.4
74.6
52.0
62.4
39.3
8.9
18.6
9.9
3.3
64.8
48.8
38.4
59.3
74.4
82.4
82.3
82.0
82.5
83.1
82.8
83.4
81.6
83.4
79.4
58.7
69.0
46.0
12.1
22.7
13.2
5.0
3,083
224
104
120
313
1,880
612
302
310
730
368
363
537
316
221
396
218
178
272
114
79
79
109,152
5,980
2,331
3,649
10,403
78,288
24,501
11,708
12,793
29,818
14,858
14,959
23,970
13,172
10,798
11.262
7,340
3,922
3,219
1,713
919
588
4,273
844
414
430
720
2,302
865
461
404
843
424
419
595
330
265
303
198
105
104
60
25
18
3.7
12.0
14.5
10.2
6.3
2.8
3.3
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.9
3.2
2.5
2.7
25,223
6,149
6,540
12,534
13,851
6,565
7,286
16,781
8,444
8,338
13,046
7,167
5,878
6,447
4,126
2,321
2,056
1,051
595
410
72.8
49.3
38.4
60.4
79.4
90.4
91.4
90.5
92.2
91.5
92.0
91.0
87.9
89.4
86.2
67.3
77.6
54.4
16.7
28.1
17.6
7.9
2.273
178
81
97
244
1,364
465
234
230
529
283
246
370
223
147
274
146
127
212
89
62
61
58,866
3,027
1,173
1,854
5,509
42,314
13,386
6,331
7,056
2.274
461
223
237
398
1,183
441
237
204
419
205
215
322
180
143
172
112
59
61
35
14
11
3.6
12.6
15.1
10.8
6.5
2.6
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.9
3.3
2.4
2.7
20.517
2.832
1,789
1.043
1.093
3,464
858
449
409
1,139
526
612
1,467
667
800
2,963
1.081
1.882
10.166
2.655
2,766
4,745
51,096
2,999
1,181
1,817
4,963
36,489
11,262
5,445
5,817
13,767
6,782
6,984
11,461
6,320
5,141
5,211
3,432
1,779
1,435
775
402
257
57.3
48.3
38.4
58.1
69.4
74.5
73.3
73.7
72.9
74.8
73.6
75.9
75.3
77.5
72.8
50.7
60.9
38.3
8.7
18.1
9.6
3.2
810
45
23
23
68
515
147
67
80
201
84
117
167
93
74
122
71
51
60
25
17
18
50.286
2.953
1,158
1.795
4,895
35,974
1,999
383
190
193
322
1,120
423
224
199
423
219
204
273
150
123
131
86
46
43
25
11
7
3.8
11.3
13.9
9.6
6.1
3.0
3.6
4.0
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.9
3.1
2.7
2.6
36,060
2,821
1,704
1.116
1,865
11.385
3,680
1.718
1,962
4,225
2,211
2,014
3,480
1,683
1,797
4,932
2,115
2,817
15,058
3,495
3,774
7,789
80,168
25,113
12,010
13,103
30,548
15,226
15,322
24,507
13,488
11,019
11,657
7,558
4,100
3,491
1.826
997
667
56,577
5.652
3,493
2,160
2,958
14,849
4,538
2,167
2,371
5,364
2,738
2,626
4,946
2,350
2,597
7,895
3,196
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
83,930
6,498
3,266
3,232
7,244
48,324
15,150
7,250
7,900
18,340
9,174
9,165
14,834
8,014
6,821
9,581
5,319
4,262
12,283
3,741
3,375
5,166
63,413
3,666
1,478
2,188
6,151
89,156
6,202
3,076
3,127
7,150
48.994
15,366
7,387
7,978
18,415
9,213
9,202
15,214
8,153
7,061
53,096
3,382
1,371
2,010
5,285
44,861
14,292
6,802
7,491
17,201
8,648
8,553
13,368
7,347
6,021
6,618
4,238
2,380
2,117
1,087
609
421
16,252
8,160
8,092
12,675
6,944
5,731
6,173
3,979
2,194
1,844
962
533
349
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
10,274
5,633
4,641
16,536
4,295
4,188
8,053
37,609
11,685
5,669
6,017
14,190
7,002
7,188
11,734
6,470
5,264
5,342
3,517
1,825
1,478
800
413
264
See footnotes at end of table.
169
11,114
5,377
5,737
13,565
6,867
11,294
6,228
5,067
5,089
3,360
1,728
1,376
750
386
240
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Not
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
copulation
Agriculture
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
14,939
687
243
444
1,582
11,286
4,066
1,993
2,073
4,373
2,226
2,147
2,847
1,691
1,155
1.119
746
373
265
158
61
46
1,309
268
109
159
273
708
339
185
153
249
133
116
121
77
44
46
29
17
14
9
2
3
8.0
27.9
31.0
26.2
14.6
5.9
7.6
8.5
6.8
5.3
5.6
5.1
4.0
4.3
3.6
3.9
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.1
3.9
6.2
8,490
1,520
898
622
749
2,650
768
366
402
956
490
466
926
All
450
1.115
482
633
2,456
751
657
1,048
6,928
322
119
202
692
5,276
1,902
923
979
2,066
1,057
1,009
1,308
111
531
513
342
170
126
79
25
23
626
145
60
85
135
317
143
79
64
114
61
53
60
40
20
22
10
11
7
4
1
2
8.2
30.9
33.3
29.4
16.2
5.6
6.9
7.8
6.1
5.2
5.4
5.0
4.3
4.8
3.6
3.9
2.9
6.0
5.0
4.9
3,491
748
449
299
362
990
252
115
137
360
173
187
379
195
184
439
187
252
953
308
269
375
8,011
365
123
242
891
6,010
2,164
1,070
1,094
2,307
1,169
1,138
1,539
914
625
606
403
203
139
80
36
24
684
123
49
74
138
391
196
107
89
135
72
62
61
37
24
25
19
6
7
4
2
1
7.8
25.1
28.5
23.3
13.4
6.1
8.3
9.1
7.5
5.5
5.8
5.2
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.9
4.4
2.8
5.0
5.3
4.7
4,999
772
449
323
387
1,660
516
251
265
596
317
279
547
282
266
677
295
381
1,503
443
388
672
Nonagricultural
industries
labor
force
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
24,855
2,479
1,250
1,229
2,615
14,725
5,197
2,555
2,642
5,609
2,863
2,746
3,919
2,263
1,656
2,295
1,267
1,028
2,741
921
720
1,099
16,365
959
352
607
1,866
12,075
4,430
2,189
2,240
4,653
2,373
2,280
2,992
1,786
1,206
1,180
785
395
285
170
64
51
65.8
38.7
28.2
49.4
71.4
82.0
85.2
85.7
84.8
83.0
82.9
83.0
76.4
78.9
72.8
51.4
62.0
38.4
10.4
18.5
8.8
4.7
15,056
691
243
448
1,594
11,367
4,091
2,004
2,087
4,404
2,239
2,165
2,872
1,709
1,162
1,134
756
378
271
161
61
48
60.6
27.9
19.5
36.4
60.9
77.2
78.7
78.4
79.0
78.5
78.2
78.8
73.3
75.5
70.2
49.4
59.7
36.8
9.9
17.5
8.5
4.4
11,143
1,218
628
589
1,197
6,652
2,321
1,127
1,194
2,566
1,303
1,263
1,765
1,026
740
986
547
438
1,091
394
295
401
7,652
470
180
291
835
5,662
2,069
1,012
1,057
2,206
1,130
1,076
1,387
831
556
547
361
186
138
86
26
26
68.7
38.6
28.6
49.3
69.8
85.1
89.2
89.8
88.5
86.0
86.7
85.2
78.5
81.0
75.1
55.5
65.9
42.5
12.7
21.8
8.9
6.5
7,027
325
120
205
700
5,345
1,926
934
993
2,092
1,069
1,023
1,327
791
536
525
350
175
131
82
25
24
63.1
26.7
19.1
34.8
58.5
80.3
83.0
82.8
83.2
81.5
82.0
81.0
75.2
77.1
72.4
53.3
64.0
39.9
12.0
20.7
8.6
6.0
13,711
1,261
621
640
1,418
8,073
2,876
1,428
1,448
3,043
1,560
1,483
2,153
1,237
916
1,310
720
590
1,650
528
425
697
8,713
489
172
316
1,031
6,413
2,360
1,177
1,183
2,447
1,242
1,204
1,606
955
650
633
424
209
147
84
38
25
63.5
38.8
27.8
49.5
72.7
79.4
82.1
82.4
81.7
80.4
79.6
81.2
74.6
77.2
71.0
48.4
59.0
35.4
8.9
16.0
8.8
3.6
8,029
366
123
243
893
6,022
2,165
1,070
1,094
2,312
1,170
1,142
1,545
918
627
609
406
203
139
80
36
24
58.6
29.0
19.8
37.9
63.0
74.6
75.3
74.9
75.6
76.0
75.0
77.0
71.8
74.2
68.4
46.5
56.4
34.4
8.4
15.1
8.4
3.4
117
4
_
4
11
81
25
11
14
31
13
17
25
18
7
15
10
5
5
3
1
2
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
99
3
_
3
9
69
24
10
14
26
13
13
19
14
26
13
8
5
5
3
1
2
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
170
18
1
1
3
12
1
1
_
5
1
4
6
4
2
2
2
_
_
_
_
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Employment status of the Hispanic-orgin population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Civilian labor force
Age and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
21,650
2,307
1,113
1,194
2,700
16,644
13,213
5,512
4,833
2,868
3,431
1,713
1,718
14,665
1,049
333
717
2,052
11,563
10,437
4,330
3,929
2,178
1,127
927
199
67.7
45.5
29.9
60.0
76.0
69.5
79.0
78.6
81.3
75.9
32.8
54.1
11.6
13,720
854
254
600
1,881
10,985
9,910
4,097
3,738
2,074
1,075
886
190
63.4
37.0
22.8
50.2
69.7
66.0
75.0
74.3
77.4
72.3
31.3
51.7
11.0
734
45
13
32
128
562
508
209
189
110
54
42
12
12,986
809
241
568
1,753
10,423
9,402
3,888
3,549
1,964
1,022
844
178
945
196
79
117
171
578
527
233
190
104
51
42
10
6.4
18.6
23.7
16.3
8.3
5.0
5.0
5.4
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.5
5.0
6,985
1,257
780
477
648
5,080
2,776
1,182
904
690
2,304
786
1,518
10,713
1,190
571
619
1,398
8,125
6,609
2,805
2,407
1,397
1,516
767
749
8,546
596
181
415
1,231
6,719
6,056
2,633
2,219
1,205
662
526
136
79.8
50.1
31.8
67.0
88.1
82.7
91.6
93.9
92.2
86.2
43.7
68.6
18.2
8,067
491
139
352
1,135
6,441
5,810
2,524
2,135
1,151
631
502
130
75.3
41.2
24.3
56.8
81.2
79.3
87.9
90.0
88.7
82.4
41.6
65.4
17.3
642
40
12
28
115
487
435
182
161
91
52
40
12
7,425
450
127
324
1,020
5,955
5,375
2,342
1,974
1,060
579
462
117
480
106
42
63
96
277
246
109
83
54
31
24
7
5.6
17.8
23.4
15.3
7.8
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.8
4.5
4.7
4.6
5.0
2,167
594
390
204
166
1,407
553
172
189
192
853
241
613
10,937
1,116
542
575
1,302
8,519
6,603
2,707
2,425
1,470
1,915
947
969
6,119
453
151
302
821
4,845
4,380
1,698
1,710
973
464
401
63
55.9
40.6
27.9
52.5
63.0
56.9
66.3
62.7
70.5
66.2
24.3
42.4
6.5
5,653
363
115
248
746
4,544
4,100
1,574
1,603
923
444
384
60
51.7
32.5
21.2
43.2
57.3
53.3
62.1
58.1
66.1
62.8
23.2
40.6
6.2
92
5
1
4
13
75
73
27
27
19
2
2
5,561
359
114
245
733
4,469
4,026
1,546
1,575
905
443
382
60
466
90
36
54
75
301
281
124
107
50
20
17
3
7.6
19.8
24.0
17.7
9.1
6.2
6.4
7.3
6.3
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.8
4,819
664
391
273
481
3,674
2,223
1,010
716
498
1,451
545
906
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
171
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
1998
1999
Hispanic origin
Black
Employment status, sex, and age
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
24,855
16,365
65.8
15,056
21,070
14,317
67.9
13,291
21,650
14,665
67.7
13,720
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
205,220
137,673
67.1
131,463
3,378
128,085
6,210
207,753
139,368
67.1
133,488
3,281
130,207
5,880
171,478
115,415
67.3
110,931
3,160
107,770
4,484
173,085
116,509
67.3
112,235
3,083
109,152
4,273
24,373
15,982
65.6
14,556
138
117
742
734
14,417
1,426
14,939
1,309
12,549
1,026
12,986
4.5
4.2
3.9
3.7
8.9
8.0
7.2
945
6.4
67,547
68,385
56,064
56,577
8,391
8,490
6,753
6,985
98,758
73,959
74.9
70,693
2,553
68,140
3,266
83,352
63,034
75.6
60,604
2,376
58,228
2,431
83,930
63,413
75.6
61,139
2,273
58,866
2,274
10,927
7,542
69.0
6,871
11,143
7,652
68.7
7,027
10,734
8,571
79.8
8,018
10,713
8,546
79.8
8,067
3.9
24,799
99,722
74,512
74.7
71,446
2,432
69,014
3,066
4.1
25,210
90,790
69,715
76.8
67,135
2,350
64,785
2,580
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
118
99
651
642
6,752
6,928
7,367
7,425
3.6
671
8.9
626
8.2
552
6.4
480
5.6
20,317
20,517
3,386
3,491
2,164
2,167
91,555
70,194
76.7
67,761
2,244
65,517
2,433
76,966
59,421
77.2
57,500
2,182
55,319
1,920
77,432
59,747
77.2
57,934
2,094
55,839
1,813
9,727
7,053
72.5
6,530
112
6,418
9,926
7,182
72.4
6,702
9,573
8,005
83.6
7,570
9,523
7,950
83.5
7,576
96
621
602
6,606
6,949
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.0
524
7.4
480
6.7
436
5.4
6,974
374
21,075
21,362
17,545
17,685
2,673
2,743
1,568
1,573
106,462
63,714
59.8
60,771
108,031
64,855
60.0
62,042
88,126
52,380
59.4
50,327
89,156
53,096
59.6
51,096
13,446
8,441
62.8
7,685
13,711
8,713
63.5
8,029
10,335
5,746
55.6
5,273
10,937
6,119
55.9
5,653
4.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4.7
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
825
849
784
810
20
18
91
92
59,945
2,944
4.6
42,748
61,193
2,814
4.3
43,175
49,543
2,053
3.9
35,746
50,286
1,999
3.8
36,060
7,665
8,011
5,182
5,561
756
684
473
466
9.0
5,005
7.8
4,999
8.2
4,589
7.6
4,819
98,786
59,702
60.4
57,278
768
56,510
2,424
82,073
49,029
59.7
47,342
82,953
49,714
59.9
48,098
12,203
7,912
64.8
7,290
19
7,272
12,451
8,224
66.1
7,663
17
7,646
9,292
5,304
57.1
4,928
9,821
5,666
57.7
5,290
85
88
4,843
5,202
39,084
100,158
60,840
60.7
58,555
803
57,752
2,285
3.8
39,318
15,644
8,256
52.8
7,051
16,040
8,333
52.0
7,172
261
6,790
1,205
14.6
7,388
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4.1
729
765
46,612
1,688
47,333
1,616
3.4
3.3
622
7.9
561
6.8
376
7.1
376
6.6
33,044
33,239
4,291
4,226
3,988
4,155
12,439
6,965
56.0
6,089
12,700
7,048
55.5
6,204
2,443
1,017
41.6
2,479
38.7
2,204
1,007
45.7
2,307
1,049
45.5
234
250
224
6,938
1,162
13.9
7,706
5,839
5,980
691
4
687
268
793
36
757
214
854
45
809
196
27.9
1,520
21.3
1,197
18.6
1,257
844
12.6
5,475
12.0
5,652
27.6
1,427
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
876
736
8
728
281
959
172
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
Employment status, sex, and age
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
21,070
14,317
67.9
13,291
742
12,549
1,026
7.2
6,753
21,650
14,665
67.7
13,720
734
12,986
945
6.4
6,985
13,216
9,096
68.8
8,431
662
7,769
664
7.3
4,121
13,582
9,267
68.2
8,656
666
7,990
611
6.6
4,315
10,734
8,571
79.8
8,018
651
7,367
552
6.4
2,164
10,713
8,546
79.8
8,067
642
7,425
480
5.6
2,167
6,937
5,660
81.6
5,291
579
4,712
369
6.5
1,276
9,573
8,005
83.6
7,570
621
6,949
436
5.4
1,568
9,523
7,950
83.5
7,576
602
6,974
374
4.7
1,573
10,335
5,746
55.6
5,273
91
5,182
473
8.2
4,589
1999
1998
1999
2,080
1,249
60.0
1,145
10
1,135
104
8.3
832
2,058
1,269
61.6
1,165
7
1,158
104
8.2
789
1,062
651
61.3
612
6
606
39
6.0
411
1,141
714
62.6
681
6
675
33
4.6
427
6,939
5,637
81.2
5,312
582
4,731
324
5.8
1,302
975
672
68.9
615
8
607
57
8.5
303
946
657
69.5
607
6
601
50
7.6
289
527
387
73.5
371
5
366
16
4.1
140
568
426
75.1
408
4
403
19
4.4
142
6,139
5,244
85.4
4,959
551
4,408
285
5.4
895
6,105
5,196
85.1
4,948
544
4,404
249
4.8
909
872
632
72.4
586
8
578
46
7.3
241
841
613
72.9
574
6
568
39
6.4
228
499
372
74.6
359
5
354
13
3.6
127
533
411
77.2
396
4
392
15
3.8
121
10,937
6,119
55.9
5,653
92
5,561
466
7.6
4,819
6,280
3,435
54.7
3,140
83
3,057
296
8.6
2,844
6,643
3,630
54.6
3,344
84
3,259
287
7.9
3,013
1,105
576
52.2
529
2
528
47
8.2
529
1,112
611
55.0
557
1
557
54
8.8
500
535
264
49.2
241
1
240
23
8.6
272
573
287
50.2
273
2
271
14
4.8
285
9,292
5,304
57.1
4,928
85
4,843
376
7.1
3,988
9,821
5,666
57.7
5,290
88
5,202
376
6.6
4,155
5,555
3,119
56.1
2,897
77
2,820
221
7.1
2,436
5,877
3,319
56.5
3,092
80
3,012
227
6.8
2,558
1,003
530
52.8
493
2
491
37
7.0
473
1,004
571
56.9
529
1
528
43
7.5
432
509
252
49.6
231
1
230
22
8.6
257
549
279
50.8
266
2
263
13
4.7
270
2,204
1,007
45.7
793
36
757
214
21.3
1,197
2,307
1,049
45.5
854
45
809
196
18.6
1,257
1,523
733
48.1
575
34
541
158
21.5
790
1,600
752
47.0
617
42
574
135
18.0
848
205
87
42.5
66
1
65
21
24.1
118
213
84
39.3
62
54
26
48.1
22
59
24
39.9
20
61
22
26.3
129
22
4
( )
28
20
4
( )
36
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
2
2
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
173
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Total
Women
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Educational attainment
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
173,746
117,101
67.4
113,425
65.3
3,676
3.1
81,986
62,494
76.2
60,497
73.8
1,998
3.2
82,657
62,903
76.1
61,032
73.8
1,870
3.0
89,997
53,285
59.2
51,359
57.1
1,926
3.6
91,089
54,198
59.5
52,392
57.5
1,805
3.3
144,900
97,206
67.1
94,330
65.1
2,877
3.0
145,992
98,025
67.1
95,316
65.3
2,709
2.8
19,384
13,168
67.9
12,324
63.6
844
6.4
19,761
13,540
68.5
12,771
64.6
768
5.7
16,134
11,232
69.6
10,615
65.8
617
5.5
16,644
11,563
69.5
10,985
66.0
578
5.0
29,375
12,561
42.8
11,673
39.7
887
7.1
28,337
12,110
42.7
11,294
39.9
817
6.7
13,975
7,711
55.2
7,238
51.8
472
6.1
13,388
7,347
54.9
6,921
51.7
426
5.8
15,400
4,850
31.5
4,435
28.8
415
8.6
14,948
4,763
31.9
4,372
29.2
391
8.2
23,557
10,146
43.1
9,510
40.4
635
6.3
22,765
9,815
43.1
9,235
40.6
580
5.9
4,459
1,785
40.0
1,579
35.4
207
11.6
4,247
1,684
39.6
1,488
35.0
196
11.6
7,138
4,191
58.7
3,889
54.5
303
7.2
7,189
4,226
58.8
3,926
54.6
300
7.1
57,524
37,465
65.1
35,976
62.5
1,489
4.0
57,559
37,327
64.8
36,017
62.6
1,310
3.5
26,212
19,961
76.2
19,188
73.2
773
3.9
26,158
19,785
75.6
19,125
73.1
661
3.3
31,313
17,504
55.9
16,788
53.6
717
4.1
31,402
17,542
55.9
16,893
53.8
649
3.7
48,709
31,313
64.3
30,249
62.1
1,064
3.4
48,629
31,145
64.0
30,211
62.1
934
3.0
6,910
4,864
70.4
4,504
65.2
360
7.4
7,008
4,944
70.5
4,631
66.1
313
6.3
4,296
3,195
74.4
3,018
70.2
177
5.5
4,566
3,370
73.8
3,213
70.4
158
4.7
42,261
31,412
74.3
30,477
72.1
935
3.0
43,358
32,115
74.1
31,209
72.0
906
2.8
19,488
15,860
81.4
15,415
79.1
445
2.8
19,997
16,212
81.1
15,778
78.9
434
2.7
22,773
15,552
68.3
15,062
66.1
489
3.1
23,360
15,903
68.1
15,430
66.1
473
3.0
35,643
26,211
73.5
25,527
71.6
685
2.6
36,349
26,621
73.2
25,944
71.4
677
2.5
5,042
4,000
79.3
3,795
75.3
204
5.1
5,318
4,219
79.3
4,032
75.8
187
4.4
2,934
2,373
80.9
2,282
77.8
91
3.8
3,049
2,437
79.9
2,356
77.3
81
3.3
29,526
21,311
72.2
20,626
69.9
684
3.2
30,111
21,778
72.3
21,129
70.2
648
3.0
13,883
11,018
79.4
10,684
77.0
335
3.0
14,192
11,251
79.3
10,941
77.1
310
2.8
15,642
10,293
65.8
9,943
63.6
350
3.4
15,919
10,527
66.1
10,189
64.0
338
3.2
24,715
17,592
71.2
17,101
69.2
491
2.8
25,077
17,863
71.2
17,388
69.3
475
2.7
3,768
2,938
78.0
2,776
73.7
162
5.5
3,895
3,067
78.7
2,924
75.1
143
4.7
2,120
1,689
79.7
1,622
76.5
68
4.0
2,205
1,755
79.6
1,696
76.9
60
3.4
12,735
10,101
79.3
9,850
77.3
251
2.5
13,247
10,337
78.0
10,079
76.1
258
2.5
5,604
4,842
86.4
4,731
84.4
111
2.3
5,806
4,961
85.4
4,838
83.3
123
2.5
7,131
5,259
73.7
5,119
71.8
140
2.7
7,441
5,376
72.2
5,242
70.4
134
2.5
10,928
8,619
78.9
8,426
11A
193
2.2
11,272
8,758
77.7
8,556
75.9
202
2.3
1,273
1,061
83.4
1,020
80.1
42
3.9
1,423
1,152
81.0
1,108
77.9
44
3.8
814
683
84.0
660
81.1
23
3.4
844
682
80.8
660
78.3
21
3.1
42,822
34,342
80.2
33,730
78.8
612
1.8
44,492
35,548
79.9
34,905
78.5
643
1.8
22,312
18,963
85.0
18,656
83.6
307
1.6
23,113
19,558
84.6
19,208
83.1
350
1.8
20,510
15,379
75.0
15,074
73.5
305
2.0
21,379
15,990
74.8
15,697
73.4
293
1.8
36,991
29,537
79.8
29,044
78.5
493
1.7
38,249
30,444
79.6
29,925
78.2
519
1.7
2,973
2,520
84.7
2,446
82.3
74
2.9
3,188
2,693
84.5
2,621
82.2
73
2.7
1,766
1,474
83.4
1,427
80.8
47
3.2
1,840
1,530
83.2
1,491
81.0
39
2.6
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 171,983
115,779
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
67.3
111,855
Employed
Employment-population ratio
65.0
3,924
Unemployed
3.4
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree, and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
174
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Age, sex, and race
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
110,302
2,386
353
2,033
107,917
9,568
98,349
85,529
12,820
96,276
2,007
279
1,727
94,270
8,424
85,846
74,991
10,855
63,930
1,416
62,514
5,371
57,142
49,428
7,715
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
10,079
326
62
264
9,754
909
8,845
7,515
1,330
3,947
53
11
42
3,893
235
3,658
3,023
635
23,186
4,786
2,440
2,346
18,399
3,323
15,076
10,699
4,376
2,216
277
64
213
1,939
419
1,520
1,336
184
19,509
4,322
2,287
2,035
15,187
2,753
12,434
8,605
3,829
1,461
187
90
97
1,273
152
1,122
758
363
4,669
575
158
417
4,094
876
3,218
2,867
351
1,211
587
386
201
624
167
458
319
139
57,034
1,208
55,827
4,823
51,004
44,351
6,653
4,971
182
4,790
441
4,348
3,636
712
1,924
27
1,897
107
1,790
1,441
350
7,516
2,269
5,247
1,357
3,890
2,068
1,822
946
137
809
211
598
511
87
6,178
2,051
4,127
1,091
3,036
1,441
1,595
392
81
311
55
256
116
140
2,548
327
2,222
488
1,733
1,526
207
518
307
211
74
137
71
46,372
969
45,403
4,196
41,207
36,101
5,106
39,242
799
38,443
3,601
34,842
30,641
4,202
5,108
144
4,964
468
4,496
3,878
618
2,022
26
1,996
128
1,868
1,582
286
15,670
2,517
13,152
1,966
11,186
8,631
2,555
1,270
139
1,131
208
922
825
97
13,330
2,271
11,059
1,661
9,398
7,164
2,234
1,069
107
962
97
866
642
224
2,121
248
1,872
387
1,485
1,341
145
693
280
413
93
320
248
72
54,756
1,242
53,513
4,629
48,884
42,025
6,859
48,834
1,070
47,764
4,162
43,603
37,697
5,905
4,274
151
4,124
377
3,747
3,109
638
1,647
22
1,626
91
1,534
1,219
316
6,383
1,963
4,420
1,124
3,296
1,653
1,643
730
111
618
162
456
386
70
5,314
1,780
3,534
917
2,616
1,171
1,446
339
71
268
45
224
96
128
1,883
232
1,651
342
1,309
1,133
176
391
228
162
56
107
50
57
37,417
815
36,602
3,357
33,245
28,888
4,357
31,577
672
30,905
2,885
28,020
24,447
3,573
4,157
121
4,036
369
3,666
3,132
534
1,684
22
1,662
103
1,559
1,309
250
13,679
2,184
11,496
1,606
9,890
7,601
2,289
947
108
839
161
679
602
76
11,768
1,979
9,789
1,367
8,422
6,418
2,004
964
97
867
78
789
581
208
1,469
172
1,297
255
1,042
925
117
530
211
319
67
252
195
57
6,263
123
6,140
544
5,596
5,061
535
5,574
96
5,477
485
4,992
4,529
463
494
23
471
48
423
373
50
196
3
192
11
181
160
22
764
202
561
156
405
283
122
163
21
142
39
103
96
7
568
176
392
110
282
176
106
33
6
27
7
20
11
9
528
83
446
124
322
300
21
97
63
35
11
24
17
7
6,641
122
6,519
643
5,876
5,326
550
5,651
102
5,549
549
5,000
4,543
456
734
17
717
74
643
579
64
256
3
252
20
233
204
29
1,388
244
1,145
250
894
696
198
257
27
230
40
190
176
14
1,059
210
850
196
653
479
174
72
7
65
14
51
41
10
554
68
486
117
369
349
20
130
55
75
21
54
43
12
Total
Not
at
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
175
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
16 years
and over
1998
Total
Men
1999
Women
20 years
and over
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
131,463 133,488
70,693
71,446
67,135
67,761
60,771
62,042
57,278
58,555
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
38,937
19,054
719
13,635
4,700
19,883
2,052
1,747
519
1,083
2,898
919
4,962
951
4,750
40,467
19,584
745
13,960
4,879
20,883
2,081
1,847
578
1,071
3,019
978
5,277
964
5,068
19,867
10,585
389
8,181
2,015
9,282
1,824
1,243
359
798
428
530
1,225
679
2,196
20,446
10,744
381
8,303
2,060
9,702
1,860
1,272
404
813
431
563
1,325
685
2,348
19,738
10,534
388
8,137
2,008
9,204
1,822
1,235
359
797
427
524
1,208
678
2,154
20,285
10,682
381
8,245
2,056
9,603
1,857
1,267
404
813
430
558
1,301
685
2,289
19,070
8,469
330
5,454
2,685
10,602
228
505
161
285
2,470
389
3,737
272
2,555
20,021
8,840
364
5,657
2,819
11,181
221
575
174
258
2,588
414
3,952
279
2,721
18,890
8,407
329
5,406
2,672
10,483
228
501
160
284
2,467
384
3,683
272
2,502
19,846
8,784
363
5,616
2,805
11,062
221
575
173
257
2,582
407
3,898
278
2,670
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
38,521
4,261
1,733
1,255
1,273
15,850
4,719
2,668
1,584
6,784
94
18,410
698
375
3,599
2,214
984
10,539
38,921
4,355
1,701
1,266
1,388
16,118
4,896
2,735
1,526
6,866
95
18,448
675
356
3,457
2,181
990
10,789
13,792
1,976
319
930
728
7,875
2,829
1,504
1,173
2,344
26
3,941
279
170
85
175
611
2,622
14,079
2,094
320
961
813
8,049
2,891
1,534
1,118
2,476
31
3,936
287
153
73
200
572
2,650
12,973
1,938
312
908
718
7,324
2,809
1,470
1,166
1,855
24
3,711
277
166
80
166
595
2,428
13,155
2,047
313
935
798
7,439
2,868
1,511
1,112
1,918
30
3,669
285
143
68
190
551
2,432
24,728
2,285
1,414
325
545
7,975
1,890
1,165
411
4,440
68
14,469
419
205
3,515
2,039
374
7,917
24,842
2,261
1,380
305
576
8,069
2,005
1,201
408
4,391
64
14,512
388
203
3,383
1,982
417
8,138
22,893
2,251
1,400
314
537
6,778
1,855
1,126
402
3,330
66
13,863
417
202
3,415
2,008
362
7,459
23,049
2,216
1,352
295
570
6,946
1,975
1,169
397
3,344
61
13,887
386
200
3,294
1,952
405
7,650
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
17,836
847
2,417
14,572
6,071
2,480
3,112
2,909
17,915
831
2,440
14,644
6,091
2,521
3,021
3,011
7,222
46
1,986
5,190
2,639
285
1,728
537
7,093
40
1,980
5,074
2,576
273
1,647
578
6,237
40
1,948
4,249
1,919
266
1,597
467
6,093
33
1,921
4,138
1,860
259
1,530
489
10,614
801
431
9,382
3,432
2,194
1,384
2,371
10,822
791
460
9,570
3,516
2,249
1,373
2,433
9,436
708
385
8,343
2,726
2,097
1,317
2,203
9,599
701
415
8,482
2,772
2,149
1,308
2,254
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,411
4,786
5,594
4,031
14,593
4,868
5,801
3,923
13,208
4,592
5,485
3,131
13,286
4,633
5,654
2,999
12,878
4,475
5,319
3,084
12,974
4,532
5,486
2,956
1,203
194
109
900
1,307
235
148
924
1,181
191
104
886
1,270
227
140
903
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,256
7,791
5,363
4,069
1,294
5,102
821
4,282
18,167
7,386
5,516
4,202
1,314
5,265
920
4,346
13,769
4,882
4,818
3,601
1,217
4,069
784
3,285
13,793
4,637
4,968
3,718
1,250
4,188
882
3,306
12,736
4,695
4,703
3,517
1,187
3,338
706
2,632
12,748
4,459
4,845
3,619
1,226
3,444
797
2,647
4,487
2,909
545
468
77
1,033
37
996
4,374
2,749
548
484
64
1,077
38
1,039
4,264
2,826
531
455
76
908
35
873
4,161
2,672
535
472
63
954
35
918
3,502
1,187
2,315
3,426
1,134
2,292
2,835
913
1,921
2,749
855
1,895
2,572
905
1,666
2,506
848
1,658
668
274
394
676
280
397
614
270
343
631
278
352
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
176
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
10. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Women
Men
Occupation and race
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
131,463
100.0
133,488
100.0
70,693
100.0
71,446
100.0
60,771
100.0
62,042
100.0
29.6
30.3
14.7
15.6
29.2
3.3
12.1
13.8
13.4
•6
1.8
11.0
28.1
15.0
28.6
15.0
13.6
19.7
2.9
11.3
5.5
9.9
31.4
13.9
17.4
40.7
3.8
32.3
14.2
18.0
40.0
3.6
13.0
23.4
17.4
1.3
.7
15.4
2.1
7.0
4.4
.9
1.7
1.1
14.5
15.1
29.3
3.2
12.1
14.0
13.6
.6
1.8
11.1
11.0
13.9
5.9
4.1
3.9
2.7
13.1
19.5
2.8
11.1
5.6
4.1
3.9
2.6
19.5
6.9
6.8
5.8
4.0
19.3
6.5
7.0
5.9
3.8
13.1
23.8
17.5
1.3
.7
15.4
2.0
7.4
4.8
.9
1.7
1.1
110,931
100.0
112,235
100.0
60,604
100.0
61,139
100.0
50,327
100.0
51,096
100.0
30.7
15.2
15.5
31.3
15.4
15.9
29.2
3.2
12.4
29.1
15.8
13.3
29.5
19.5
2.7
11.5
5.2
19.7
2.9
11.7
5.1
32.6
14.6
18.1
41.1
3.8
13.4
24.0
16.3
33.4
14.7
18.7
40.6
3.6
13.3
23.6
1.3
.6
14.4
1.9
6.8
4.3
.8
1.6
1.2
1.3
.6
14.3
2.1
6.5
4.0
.8
1.7
1.2
10.9
13.6
5.5
10.2
.1
2.8
7.3
18.7
.1
2.8
7.1
18.6
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
29.3
3.2
12.4
13.7
12.4
.6
1.7
10.1
11.5
13.2
5.5
3.9
3.7
13.5
12.2
.6
1.7
9.2
.1
2.6
6.5
15.9
13.6
8.9
6.6
6.5
5.4
4.3
(1)
2.6
6.3
19.4
18.3
6.2
6.6
5.5
4.1
16.2
2.9
10.0
11.5
13.0
5.2
4.0
3.8
2.8
14,556
100.0
15,056
100.0
6,871
100.0
7,027
100.0
7,685
100.0
8,029
100.0
20.2
9.4
21.5
9.9
11.6
28.9
3.1
9.3
16.5
21.8
.8
3.2
17.0
8.6
8.4
18.3
2.5
7.8
8.0
17.8
.1
4.8
12.9
14.6
30.1
9.7
18.0
8.5
9.5
18.4
2.7
7.6
8.1
17.4
23.2
10.1
13.0
24.5
11.1
13.5
38.2
3.5
19.4
18.5
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10.8
29.3
3.0
9.7
16.5
21.6
.8
3.2
17.6
8.0
19.7
8.2
6.0
5.5
1.2
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
17.7
7.8
18.9
7.6
5.8
5.5
1.1
used in the household survey.
177
11.1
9.3
2.2
.1
4.9
12.4
14.3
29.8
9.3
11.0
9.5
2.2
39.1
3.5
11.4
24.2
25.0
1.5
1.7
21.9
2.0
10.4
7.0
1.4
2.0
.3
10.8
23.9
25.6
1.5
1.8
22.4
2.1
9.4
6.1
1.3
2.0
.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Administrators, protective services
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations ....
Administrators, education and related fields
Managers, medicine and health
Postmasters and mail superintendents
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments
Managers, properties and real estate
Management-related occupations
Accountants and auditors
Underwriters
Other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction
Professional specialty
Engineers, architects, and surveyors
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Geologists and geodesists
Biological and life scientists
Medical scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Dentists
Veterinarians
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Respiratory therapists
Occupational therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Physicians' assistants
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten
Elementary school
Secondary school
Special education
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
Psychologists
Black
Hispanic
origin
133,488
46.5
11.3
10.3
40,467
19,584
655
51
753
196
138
739
821
716
50
1,489
577
4,879
1,658
131
808
432
542
193
69
254
49.5
45.1
51.1
27.8
51.1
60.4
47.4
37.6
62.5
77.4
55.4
46.1
49.4
57.8
58.6
68.7
51.6
43.2
68.5
54.5
10.6
33.7
8.0
7.6
14.0
11.2
7.0
10.9
8.9
4.8
15.0
8.9
9.9
7.5
6.6
9.8
9.6
14.5
9.5
7.6
11.4
6.3
1.9
15.1
5.0
5.6
4.9
3.6
5.4
6.3
5.6
2.7
4.8
6.6
3.8
8.6
8.9
5.3
4.9
1.7
4.5
3.6
5.3
7.4
12.8
6.7
20,883
2,291
194
2,081
79
82
287
639
260
340
1,847
53.5
11.0
15.7
10.6
11.5
16.3
9.5
10.1
16.8
7.1
31.1
28.5
46.6
30.1
27.4
4.9
43.8
44.9
24.1
24.5
16.5
27.3
85.7
92.9
49.0
84.0
75.8
60.6
86.9
73.2
93.1
52.6
42.4
74.9
98.4
83.8
57.5
84.4
68.7
82.9
83.7
58.4
51.2
64.9
8.4
4.4
2.3
4.6
7.5
2.7
5.5
6.1
4.1
1.9
7.5
7.4
8.4
3.7
5.7
4.5
3.6
4.4
3.5
4.8
5.0
3.3
4.1
3.2
2.4
3.6
3.4
5.2
3.6
3.5
3.2
4.1
5.3
4.1
4.8
3.1
1,549
241
578
136
56
109
100
1,071
720
173
53
3,019
2,128
216
92
517
90
71
144
99
67
978
5,277
600
2,072
1,342
369
247
264
236
460
141
266
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
178
3.2
6.1
4.4
5.7
1.9
2.3
9.1
9.6
5.6
19.5
7.5
17.6
5.5
5.3
1.1
4.3
6.5
9.9
13.4
10.3
7.9
9.1
18.1
7.6
7.7
8.1
6.1
9.9
3.4
3.1
3.5
4.6
4.5
3.3
2.2
5.3
4.2
2.6
4.2
5.4
8.2
5.1
5.0
2.8
5.7
4.8
4.8
3.1
1.9
3.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
1,435
813
128
352
964
923
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Authors
Technical writers
Designers
Musicians and composers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers
Photographers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
Announcers
Athletes
2,454
148
71
722
172
129
252
166
290
190
50
110
38,921
4,355
1,701
338
106
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Dental hygienists
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants
167
357
973
437
235
67
293
106
79
1,388
143
665
403
Black
56.4
71.4
66.4
14.2
28.9
28.8
49.9
55.2
60.2
56.2
35.6
38.8
54.8
34.5
49.8
61.0
21.4
28.0
18.5
24.2
18.0
10.3
5.2
5.1
6.6
7.3
5.7
3.7
63.8
51.9
81.2
78.5
99.1
74.4
95.1
19.1
14.5
18.3
11.0
40.8
64.1
28.9
41.5
3.1
26.3
83.9
11.2
10.7
14.4
8.7
6.1
7.2
5.8
5.5
6.8
11.9
9.5
2.9
2.8
12.5
7.1
22.4
2.7
7.0
4.9
5.7
9.6
8.8
16.7
9.3
9.5
8.6
11.1
12.0
8.9
3.0
3.0
3.7
13.5
17.5
15.8
13.6
20.5
13.9
9.4
8.2
7.4
10.7
8.9
7.2
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Insurance sales
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
Sales workers, shoes
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
News vendors
Sales-related occupations
Demonstrators, promoters, and models
16,118
95
66
50.1
40.9
43.9
44.0
53.2
28.5
57.1
41.9
26.8
27.3
63.9
10.7
77.7
53.9
52.0
27.2
25.0
10.1
67.8
63.3
77.0
73.8
45.8
67.7
70.6
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
Supervisors, administrative support
Supervisors, general office
Supervisors, financial records processing
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks ....
Computer equipment operators
18,448
675
360
82
216
356
78.7
57.5
67.4
81.9
33.1
57.0
4,896
2,735
585
769
541
187
653
1,526
1,488
6,866
320
411
129
181
302
287
173
1,386
198
3,014
365
101
See footnotes at end of table.
179
Hispanic
origin
Women
9.2
10.7
5.2
7.1
4.5
7.5
8.9
19.0
19.4
2.8
9.7
18.4
9.7
11.3
6.5
4.5
11.0
6.8
14.9
7.0
2.7
6.4
8.7
13.7
6.3
7.4
7.0
5.2
3.9
4.0
5.3
2.3
.1
5.5
7.1
5.1
3.8
8.2
2.7
4.9
9.2
3.4
8.4
6.4
7.3
5.6
1.5
4.1
5.8
6.2
6.5
5.6
7.9
7.3
4.8
9.9
5.3
4.3
3.8
7.1
7.9
6.8
5.0
4.6
5.0
3.7
4.1
6.4
5.4
5.4
10.4
8.6
11.7
14.1
7.9
9.3
7.3
14.5
8.6
7.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Cost and rate clerks
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data-entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers' aides
350
3,457
2,781
120
556
2,143
171
125
286
1,091
1,047
270
70
151
345
202
2,181
1,691
146
179
60
105
63
158
142
990
313
332
194
151
1,959
274
208
646
459
264
1,802
472
1,054
102
175
3,616
728
425
746
94
689
57.3
97.9
98.6
92.5
95.5
88.3
84.4
76.1
74.1
95.4
77.8
72.7
83.3
74.4
79.2
82.0
90.8
91.4
88.2
92.0
83.6
88.1
56.7
81.7
83.7
42.2
50.8
31.8
60.5
23.3
45.5
52.6
60.2
33.7
41.8
68.1
75.5
71.3
77.4
85.4
69.8
83.4
81.4
87.7
81.3
83.6
91.0
13.9
10.4
9.5
5.4
15.6
10.7
12.3
15.4
9.8
10.2
16.9
21.5
24.6
9.8
16.2
15.2
8.9
7.6
8.7
15.9
17.9
12.1
20.2
18.6
20.2
21.1
28.4
15.0
24.6
15.2
13.2
14.2
10.0
14.8
12.5
11.1
18.1
15.4
17.8
20.8
24.9
14.4
13.4
13.3
15.6
18.2
13.8
7.3
7.8
7.7
5.7
8.5
11.0
12.5
15.9
10.8
10.3
10.8
12.0
5.4
11.1
11.2
10.3
6.4
5.6
9.3
8.7
13.7
7.4
8.4
13.7
12.2
8.4
7.5
5.6
13.5
9.6
12.8
9.2
4.4
17.9
11.2
13.6
7.9
7.6
7.6
16.1
6.3
11.0
12.0
8.1
10.9
10.2
14.9
Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective service
Supervisors
Police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
Guards
Guards and police, except public services
17,915
831
295
521
2,440
181
96
241
223
1,108
618
175
315
910
763
60.4
95.2
97.4
94.4
18.9
13.2
17.3
2.8
1.9
16.9
14.2
14.4
23.5
26.7
20.7
18.3
15.1
10.2
17.6
19.8
10.6
8.8
10.6
11.1
18.2
15.1
17.3
24.9
26.1
29.0
15.2
29.3
21.5
33.9
8.2
5.0
4.8
6.5
5.4
8.1
9.1
3.6
8.7
9.4
9.6
14,644
6,091
469
316
1,431
2,078
65.4
57.7
68.3
48.4
77.4
44.0
18.2
11.8
12.9
4.1
5.1
17.4
15.5
16.5
11.6
12.9
10.2
19.9
Service occupations, except private household and protective service
Food preparation and service occupations
Supervisors, food preparation and service
Bartenders
Waiters and waitresses
Cooks
See footnotes at end of table.
180
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
360
293
538
606
2,521
213
338
1,970
3,021
163
663
2,118
70
3,011
Food counter, fountain and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters' and waitresses' assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Pest control occupations
Personal service occupations
Supervisors
Barbers
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Family child care providers
Early childhood teachers' assistants
134
81
784
247
111
97
469
509
14,593
4,868
264
4,604
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Small engine repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment
Data processing equipment repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers ....
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Millwrights
Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Tile setters, hard and soft
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
Roofers
Structural metalworkers
Extractive occupations
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
Precision metalworking
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Sheet-metalworkers
Precision woodworking occupations
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers
1,768
837
330
147
72
167
160
570
966
217
315
56
249
83
357
927
72
5,801
817
4,985
197
95
129
1,398
187
834
134
603
540
107
57
214
71
130
3,793
1,160
928
142
515
135
114
86
201
See footnotes at end of table.
181
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
64.5
70.4
49.5
51.8
89.2
96.1
80.5
89.9
45.5
38.6
82.7
35.8
2.8
80.8
71.6
20.3
90.8
39.7
83.5
83.8
98.0
95.3
10.3
13.2
10.6
12.8
31.7
6.7
25.0
35.6
21.9
21.0
25.4
21.0
18.1
16.1
15.5
25.1
11.7
11.5
13.1
30.2
13.9
20.3
13.7
12.6
19.4
26.4
9.9
10.4
10.0
9.8
23.2
21.5
28.1
22.1
12.7
10.5
8.5
11.3
10.1
6.9
9.0
4.8
10.1
4.5
1.6
1.4
.8
4.2
1.8
.7
1.2
2.7
11.1
7.9
15.2
6.9
13.2
4.9
1.3
5.7
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.6
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.2
3.6
2.3
2.1
6.4
1.8
3.5
4.5
1.9
.3
.9
24.3
19.5
7.6
3.9
5.7
6.0
12.0
6.4
51.4
8.0
8.2
9.2
8.1
7.2
8.2
8.3
7.8
1.4
5.9
4.7
10.1
9.3
7.0
9.4
8.6
13.2
6.4
7.0
7.8
7.7
7.0
4.4
7.4
15.7
2.4
5.2
5.1
6.0
7.6
12.8
7.6
6.7
19.4
11.5
8.3
8.1
6.3
9.6
10.8
6.5
3.7
7.0
4.2
3.2
1.9
10.9
12.8
10.0
5.9
10.2
11.3
7.1
10.7
15.5
10.8
13.8
8.6
10.4
6.0
12.3
7.0
7.3
8.7
11.2
6.3
7.8
6.9
13.3
11.1
11.0
3.4
15.0
8.5
16.0
17.0
31.0
20.8
15.0
32.2
8.7
7.7
23.1
11.7
20.5
24.7
19.7
6.4
11.6
13.2
10.8
8.5
3.7
8.4
10.3
16.8
16.4
21.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of totaI:
Occupation
Total
employed
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
65
69
554
81
53
318
457
260
146
50
131
123
248
58
113
89.8
23.2
53.9
64.5
34.8
63.3
37.1
24.9
44.7
78.0
23.9
24.1
4.0
5.6
.8
8.1
7.3
10.5
6.2
5.3
13.8
13.5
16.8
10.7
4.9
8.6
7.3
8.2
5.1
9.5
10.8
26.1
14.0
6.1
14.4
15.8
28.4
34.5
20£
19.8
6.5
5.9
8.2
5.7
8.2
18,167
7,386
4,675
376
102
114
145
96
143
83
355
277
872
461
79
201
2,757
366
128
52
205
70
153
102
1,995
571
1,246
716
506
57
149
24.1
37.2
37.0
17.1
24.9
16.2
21.7
24.5
16.6
13.5
24.2
17.4
70.8
79.9
78.2
58.4
32.6
61.7
12.3
14.6
13.5
4.3
27.3
53.0
33.7
5.7
44.5
48.3
48.6
25.7
56.3
15.7
15.5
15.9
10.7
12.6
11.3
14.5
16.4
9.0
8.9
9.9
11.3
18.1
15.0
20.1
22.3
17.1
18.1
21.2
14.6
10.9
11.0
13.8
11.9
14.9
9.5
18.5
14.5
13.8
9.2
18.9
16.6
18.5
19.9
12.9
9.9
23.0
14.5
12.7
10.5
11.2
12.2
13.4
28.9
33.2
39.0
25.3
19.8
30.5
23.5
6.5
18.2
8.6
21.7
10.9
14.7
14.9
15.0
19.9
16.0
13.6
35.1
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Supervisors
Truck drivers
Drivers-sales workers
Bus drivers
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Parking lot attendants
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles
Rail transportation
Water transportation
Material moving equipment operators
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators
5,516
4,202
86
3,116
160
490
271
68
163
106
57
1,152
236
74
105
73
544
9.9
11.5
21.8
4.9
10.7
51.1
13.3
13.6
2.4
1.1
4.9
5.2
1.6
4.0
2.1
4.2
7.1
15.9
16.1
13.6
14.1
15.4
24.5
23.9
20.9
15.0
18.2
9.2
15.5
11.1
11.7
5.6
5.2
21.8
11.9
12.4
8.7
12.7
8.0
9.3
16.2
20.8
3.9
3.0
5.6
11.4
4.7
4.5
7.5
5.7
17.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
5,265
112
100
920
20.5
5.5
5.1
4.1
15.7
11.7
12.6
11.2
18.8
18.5
18.8
25.3
Dressmakers
Upholsterers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers
Food batchmakers
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Water and sewage treatment plant operators
Stationary engineers
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casting machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing press operators
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Assemblers
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
See footnotes at end of table.
182
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
14.8
17.6
33.1
13.8
29.3
11.4
19.9
14.5
16.2
21.3
14.7
14.2
14.1
13.8
13.1
26.8
28.4
17.0
5.0
1.0
.7
5.3
23.1
2.9
1.5
Production helpers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Garbage collectors
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction
66
2,060
55
1,172
1,286
26.5
24.3
9.5
31.0
41.7
3.8
13.1
61.4
21.6
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farmers, except horticultural
Horticultural specialty farmers
Managers, farms, except horticultural
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Supervisors, farm workers
Farm workers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm .
Animal caretakers, except farm
Graders and sorters, agricultural products
Forestry and logging occupations
Timber cutting and logging occupations
Fishers, hunters, and trappers
3,426
1,134
19.7
24.7
900
65
146
2,135
845
53
757
1,289
164
943
120
58
107
66
50
26.6
10.4
20.7
91
195
280
313
NOTE: Generally, data for occupations with fewer than 50,000 employed are
not published separately but are included in the totals for the appropriate
18.1
20.2
26.7
18.6
16.7
9.5
6.8
76.0
72.8
7.0
1.3
6.4
.8
7.1
5.0
1.1
5.4
8.5
3.9
10.3
2.0
4.9
5.2
8.4
5.6
13.1
7.4
35.1
45.8
47.5
46.0
28.1
22.2
29.5
5.8
68.2
8.0
4.4
2.3
categories shown. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
183
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
12. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status.
(In thousands)
Total
White
Hispanic origin
Black
Category
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
131,463
70,693
60,771
133,488
71,446
62,042
110,931
60,604
50,327
112,235
61,139
51,096
14,556
6,871
7,685
15,056
7,027
8,029
13,291
8,018
5,273
13,720
8,067
5,653
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
38,937
19,054
19,883
40,467
19,584
20,883
34,063
16,903
17,160
35,125
17,235
17,890
2,947
1,368
1,579
3,233
1,484
1,749
1,933
1,028
905
2,040
1,097
943
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
38,521
4,261
15,850
18,410
38,921
4,355
16,118
18,448
32,490
3,557
13,704
15,229
32,779
3,622
13,956
15,201
4,264
441
1,415
2,408
4,356
467
1,405
2,484
3,186
283
1,245
1,657
3,286
279
1,267
1,740
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
17,836
847
2,417
14,572
17,915
831
2,440
14,644
13,807
704
1,892
11,211
13,725
670
1,886
11,168
3,148
116
463
2,569
3,275
126
484
2,666
2,670
262
204
2,204
2,716
244
200
2,271
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,411
4,786
5,594
4,031
14,593
4,868
5,801
3,923
12,729
4,233
5,054
3,441
12,908
4,284
5,275
3,348
1,158
379
398
381
1,174
397
405
371
1,793
496
785
512
1,871
485
869
517
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,256
7,791
5,363
5,102
821
4,282
18,167
7,386
5,516
5,265
920
4,346
14,609
6,146
4,351
4,112
705
3,407
14,535
5,824
4,488
4,223
787
3,436
2,866
1,200
872
795
97
698
2,847
1,143
879
825
103
722
2,917
1,340
640
938
193
745
3,014
1,364
659
992
233
759
3,502
3,426
3,233
3,165
172
172
792
793
2,000
1,341
38
1,944
1,297
40
1,843
1,280
37
1,802
1,243
38
102
36
87
30
670
71
2
654
79
1
119,019
18,383
100,637
962
99,674
8,962
103
121,323
18,903
102,420
933
101,487
8,790
95
99,657
14,686
84,970
785
84,185
8,030
84
101,229
15,141
86,088
741
85,347
7,846
77
13,917
2,877
11,040
146
10,894
497
4
14,416
2,937
11,479
149
11,330
520
3
11,949
1,355
10,594
281
10,312
590
10
12,327
1,426
10,901
257
10,644
651
7
108,202
23,261
110,302
23,186
90,759
20,172
92,173
20,062
12,429
2,126
12,904
2,152
11,303
1,988
11,767
1,953
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
184
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
13. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
Category
Total Hispanic
origin1
1998
1999
13,291
8,018
5,273
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
1998
1999
1998
1999
13,720
8,067
5,653
8,431
5,291
3,140
8,656
5,312
3,344
1,145
615
529
1,165
607
557
612
371
241
681
408
273
1,933
1,028
905
2,040
1,097
943
985
536
449
1,025
557
468
208
103
105
226
118
108
159
89
70
186
101
84
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
3,186
283
1,245
1,657
3,286
279
1,267
1,740
1,845
156
729
961
1,896
163
722
1,011
365
30
118
217
366
25
125
216
210
28
94
88
209
22
84
102
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
2,670
262
204
2,204
2,716
244
200
2,271
1,653
130
106
1,417
1,697
130
106
1,461
217
6
39
172
217
4
39
174
85
3
13
69
90
2
10
79
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
1,793
496
785
512
1,871
485
869
517
1,199
311
554
334
1,290
303
625
361
119
38
33
48
125
47
40
38
66
28
23
15
76
30
33
13
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
2,917
1,340
640
938
193
745
3,014
1,364
659
992
233
759
2,047
955
422
671
149
521
2,043
933
407
702
185
518
223
105
53
64
9
55
217
95
52
70
7
63
85
24
38
24
3
21
114
45
38
32
3
28
792
793
703
706
13
14
670
71
2
654
79
1
605
56
1
599
66
1
11,949
1,355
10,594
281
10,312
590
10
12,327
1,426
10,901
257
10,644
651
7
7,410
833
6,577
139
6,438
351
8
7,625
894
6,731
138
6,593
361
5
1,100
180
920
7
913
34
1
1,115
181
934
5
929
42
1
574
60
515
3
511
31
638
82
556
3
553
37
11,303
1,988
11,767
1,953
7,166
1,265
7,430
1,226
969
176
998
166
531
81
587
94
1998
1999
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
6
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
185
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
14. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
1999
Manufacturing
Age, sex, and race
Mining
Construction
Durable
goods
Total
Nondurable
goods
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
and
retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
Services1
and real
estate
Public
administration
Total
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,958
55
5,903
565
5
560
40
521
459
62
8,987
325
8,661
893
7,768
6,820
948
20,070
423
19,647
1,509
18,139
15,689
2,449
12,283
250
12,033
923
11,110
9,570
1,541
7,787
173
7,614
586
7,028
6,120
909
9,554
145
9,409
668
8,741
7,595
1,146
27,572
3,815
23,757
3,962
19,796
16,713
3,083
8,815
495
3
492
37
455
399
57
8,101
294
7,807
816
6,990
6,146
844
13,647
282
13,365
1,048
12,316
10,633
1,684
8,894
175
8,719
689
8,030
6,894
1,136
4,753
107
4,646
359
4,287
3,739
547
6,815
106
6,709
435
6,275
5,399
875
14,448
1,874
12,573
2,037
10,536
8,902
1,635
3,699
73
3,626
18,506
838
243
3,383
2,717
665
1,719
15,949
13,150
2,800
69
1
68
3
65
60
5
886
31
855
77
778
673
104
6,423
141
6,282
460
5,822
5,056
766
3,389
75
3,314
234
3,080
2,676
405
3,034
65
2,968
226
2,742
2,381
361
2,740
39
2,700
233
2,467
2,196
271
13,124
1,940
11,184
1,924
9,260
7,811
1,448
5,115
123
4,992
531
30,180
1,136
4,461
3,857
604
22,404
3,904
124
2,502
2,132
371
465
3
462
33
429
374
55
7,401
279
7,123
745
6,378
5,608
770
11,726
248
11,478
901
10,577
9,076
1,501
7,706
155
7,551
600
6,951
5,935
1,016
4,020
93
3,927
301
3,626
3,141
485
5,568
90
5,478
355
5,124
4,369
754
12,337
1,625
3,226
55
3,171
202
2,968
2,351
617
15,398
706
14,692
1,395
13,297
10,844
2,454
2,745
22
2,724
111
2,612
2,207
405
60
1
59
2
57
52
5
812
30
782
67
715
617
98
5,195
117
5,077
358
4,719
4,060
659
2,755
62
2,693
183
2,510
2,158
352
2,440
56
2,385
175
2,210
1,903
307
2,128
30
2,098
177
1,921
1,687
234
11,143
1,658
9,485
1,586
7,899
6,579
1,319
4,268
99
4,168
24,718
1,963
25
413
3,755
3,196
2,195
21,530
18,253
3,277
20
504
10
494
49
445
389
56
1,322
21
1,300
109
1,192
1,081
111
775
12
763
62
701
627
74
546
9
537
46
491
454
37
978
14
965
68
897
807
90
1,352
171
1,181
192
2,016
91
307
12
295
28
267
232
35
55
814
14
799
79
721
653
68
406
8
398
35
363
328
34
408
6
402
44
358
325
33
489
9
480
45
435
404
31
1,305
214
1,091
254
837
767
69
634
16
618
82
535
507
28
4,145
108
197
8,618
775
7,843
6,574
1,269
48,687
1,974
46,713
4,455
42,258
35,554
6,704
17,669
29,044
2,736
26,308
258
5,645
4,815
830
3,303
27
3,277
134
3,143
2,683
459
2,655
28
2,627
White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
10,712
1,767
8,945
7,484
1,461
560
993
23,725
1,938
96
1,842
1,530
312
Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
20
3
17
15
1
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
4
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4
4
4
55
9
46
41
5
1
Includes private housholds.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
989
898
used in the household survey.
186
91
1,925
223
1,701
1,486
215
4,036
399
3,637
3,141
496
429
3
426
20
406
368
39
565
3
562
21
541
493
49
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
15. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
1999
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Private
household
workers
Other
private
industries
Selfemployed
Government workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,944
201
89
111
301
476
474
286
146
60
1,297
19
10
9
27
169
298
290
273
221
40
15
8
7
4
3
9
3
4
2
121,323
6,871
2,655
4,216
12,287
28,724
33,331
25,656
11,502
2,951
102,420
6,533
2,542
3,992
11,246
25,071
27,901
19,944
9,227
2,497
933
109
62
47
104
157
207
176
114
66
101,487
6,424
2,480
3,944
11,141
24,914
27,694
19,768
9,113
2,431
18,903
338
113
224
1,041
3,653
5,430
5,711
2,275
454
8,790
59
28
31
264
1,482
2,590
2,381
1,378
637
95
8
4
4
8
12
25
19
12
11
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,450
159
69
90
234
364
346
196
102
49
962
18
9
9
23
131
221
204
193
172
20
11
5
6
2
1
2
1
2
63,624
3,457
1,335
2,122
6,310
15,347
17,687
13,126
6,092
1,605
55,346
3,306
1,278
2,028
5,856
13,730
15,358
10,682
5,026
1,387
74
16
9
8
11
9
15
11
7
5
55,272
3,290
1,270
2,020
5,845
13,721
15,343
10,671
5,019
1,382
8,278
151
56
94
454
1,617
2,330
2,443
1,066
218
5,366
35
16
19
155
848
1,551
1,462
883
431
25
6
2
3
5
2
3
2
2
5
494
42
20
22
67
111
129
91
44
10
335
1
1
1
4
38
77
86
80
49
20
3
2
1
2
2
6
2
2
2
57,699
3,414
1,320
2,094
5,978
13,377
15,644
12,530
5,410
1,346
47,074
3,227
1,263
1,964
5,390
11,340
12,544
9,262
4,201
1,110
859
93
53
40
93
148
192
165
107
61
46,215
3,134
1,210
1,924
5,296
11,192
12,352
9,097
4,094
1,049
10,625
187
57
130
588
2,036
3,100
3,268
1,209
236
3,424
24
12
12
109
633
1,038
919
495
206
70
2
1
1
3
10
23
16
10
6
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
187
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
16.
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
(In thousands)
1999
Industry and sex
Wage and salary workers
Total
employed
Total
Private
industries
Government
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
TOTAL
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households ...
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
549
7,427
19,685
565
8,987
20,070
12,283
7,787
9,554
27,572
5,189
22,383
8,815
12,064
7,621
9,120
25,918
4,899
546
6,919
19,609
12,014
7,595
7,513
25,820
4,883
20,937
7,944
34,069
933
33,136
7,725
2,862
2,043
20,466
4,390
5,685
2,729
2,276
5,386
40
3
508
76
50
26
1,607
99
16
83
205
10,447
3
446
49
36
13
1,096
46
10
36
97
3,237
48,687
940
21,019
8,149
44,516
933
47,747
9,046
3,548
2,649
32,370
5,117
6,529
10,896
3,426
6,402
135
5,958
43,583
7,787
2,876
2,377
30,452
5,106
6,147
10,794
2,880
5,525
92
5,958
495
8,101
13,647
8,894
4,753
6,815
14,448
3,530
482
6,651
13,390
8,726
4,664
6,458
13,577
3,321
10,256
3,277
16,486
74
16,412
4,944
1,029
1,346
9,023
1,199
1,166
3,342
569
2,747
70
3,303
479
6,205
13,341
8,690
4,651
5,362
13.531
3,311
10,220
3,180
13,248
74
13,174
4,910
1,024
1,139
6,069
959
1,064
963
419
2,664
33
67
776
6,295
3,338
2,957
2,661
12,341
1,578
10,763
4,872
28,031
859
27,172
2,842
1,847
1,031
21,429
3,907
4,981
7,452
2,310
2,778
22
2,655
67
714
6,268
3,325
2,944
2,151
12,289
1,572
10,717
4,764
20,821
859
19,962
2,815
1,838
904
14,398
3,431
4,622
1,766
1,857
2,722
7
10,447
62
14
334
9,986
716
462
8,066
603
139
51
5,958
16
1,545
380
216
164
429
1,621
287
1,333
661
4,138
7
4,131
1,247
666
271
1.904
11
377
101
545
871
43
15
4
2
2
6
33
2
31
4
33
32
12
6
1
14
5
1
1
7
Men
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households ...
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
10,918
3,699
18,506
79
18,427
5,760
1,237
1,516
9,808
1,202
1,376
3,367
592
3,271
107
3,303
3,237
35
5
207
2,954
239
102
2,380
150
83
36
3,303
14
1,446
255
166
88
355
860
209
652
422
2,013
5
2,008
812
205
171
783
3
210
24
22
524
37
4
2
1
1
1
10
10
7
7
3
2
Women
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
886
6,423
3,389
3,034
2,740
13,124
1,659
11,465
5,115
30,180
861
29,320
3,286
2,311
1,132
22,562
3,915
5,153
7,529
2,834
3,131
28
2,655
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
188
63
27
14
13
511
52
6
46
108
7,210
7,210
27
9
127
7,031
477
360
5,686
453
56
15
2,655
2
99
126
50
76
74
760
79
681
239
2,125
2
2,123
435
460
100
1,121
8
167
77
523
347
7
11
2
1
1
4
23
2
21
4
25
25
8
4
1
12
4
1
1
6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation
(In thousands)
1999
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex
TOTAL
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services ...
Public administration
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries ..
Professional services....
Public administration
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries ..
Professional services...,
Public administration
Total
employed
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
Sales
AdminisPrivate
trative
Other
support, houseservice1
hold
including
clerical
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
3,281
565
8,987
20,070
12,283
7,787
118
83
1,379
2,955
1,799
1,156
97
69
159
1,981
1,286
694
53
19
60
645
440
205
15
7
67
736
351
385
149
35
406
1,883
1,067
816
15
6
33
242
125
117
36
198
5,224
3,883
2,715
1,168
10
24
108
5,896
3,504
2,391
48
102
543
726
394
332
18
21
984
1,035
520
515
2,722
1
22
88
82
7
9,554
27,572
5,189
22,383
1,340
2,597
630
1,967
557
618
158
461
359
256
50
207
275
11536
2,047
9,489
2,386
2,314
819
1,495
304
5,174
52
5,122
1,335
1,432
324
1,108
123
346
118
229
2,318
1,149
523
625
546
2,049
406
1,643
14
99
62
38
8,815
48,687
940
47,747
32,370
5,958
2,664
7,061
6
7,056
4,307
1,386
380
•16,031
5
16,026
13,796
992
200
2,533
3
2,530
2,074
229
2,224
1,230
294
9,275
56
9,219
5,536
1,741
177
2,119
3
2,116
463
189
10
847
1,230
210
28
2,780
7,242
9
7,234
5,333
1,253
847
167
22
12
575
2
573
301
42
23
547
13
535
91
42
50
395
13
382
90
34
2,432
495
8,101
13,647
8,894
4,753
67
57
1,114
1,981
1,245
736
68
63
140
1,515
1,074
440
9
16
52
487
355
132
9
7
50
482
251
231
7
9
30
590
369
222
5
5
24
179
94
85
35
193
5,094
3,221
2,267
955
7
22
104
3,703
2,399
1,304
48
101
530
676
371
305
14
21
941
726
389
337
2,162
1
21
85
80
6
6,815
14,448
3,530
10,918
844
1,441
385
1,056
414
292
105
187
302
101
38
62
144
5,573
1,506
4,067
991
578
223
355
164
2,393
32
2,361
1,246
1,239
303
936
106
202
78
124
2,117
1,070
507
562
476
1,518
332
1,186
13
44
20
23
3,699
18,506
79
18,427
9,808
3,303
1,233
3,321
2
3,319
1,689
687
195
6,482
2
6,480
5,112
535
92
901
2
899
553
134
1,233
537
503
984
537
69
14
984
565
243
197
2,695
5
2,690
1,091
1,392
166
1,909
2
1,907
383
182
470
73
16
10
381
2
379
133
35
19
438
12
426
64
36
45
349
13
336
75
29
849
69
886
6,423
3,389
3,034
51
27
265
974
554
420
29
6
20
466
212
254
43
3
8
158
85
73
6
17
254
99
155
142
25
376
1,292
698
594
10
1
9
63
31
32
1
4
130
662
448
213
3
2
4
2,193
1,106
1,087
1
1
13
49
23
26
43
309
131
178
1
3
2
1
2,740
13,124
1,659
11,465
496
1,156
245
912
143
327
53
274
57
156
11
144
130
5,964
542
5,422
1,395
1,736
596
1,140
140
2,781
19
2,762
89
194
21
172
16
145
40
105
201
79
16
63
70
532
74
457
1
55
41
14
5,115
30,180
861
29,320
22,562
2,655
1,431
3,741
4
3,737
2,618
699
185
9,549
3
9,546
8,685
457
108
1,632
1
1,631
1,521
96
991
693
2,277
6,258
8
6,250
4,768
1,010
11
210
4
377
2
194
5
46
209
81
6
377
94
5
194
168
7
4
109
1
108
27
693
140
14
See footnotes at end of table.
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
189
831
831
40
40
791
791
6,580
52
6,528
4,445
349
470
560
46
15
5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation — Continued
(In thousands)
1999
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex
White
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services ...
Public administration
Black
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
Total
employed
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Private
Other
house1
hold service
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
3,083
526
8,213
16,921
10,460
6,460
111
79
1,311
2,735
1,677
1,058
90
65
133
1,729
1,110
619
51
17
48
523
353
170
14
7
63
679
331
348
147
31
378
1,636
944
692
13
5
26
187
102
86
34
184
4,812
3,321
2,338
983
9
20
96
4,633
2,798
1,835
43
96
481
579
315
264
15
19
843
818
419
400
2,554
1
20
80
74
5
7,696
23,480
4,576
18,905
1,169
2,241
562
1,679
459
552
143
409
324
226
46
180
234
9,894
1,892
8,002
1,808
1,993
705
1,289
222
4,310
39
4,272
1,137
1,287
294
994
95
287
93
193
1,848
949
430
519
388
1,655
319
1,336
12
86
54
32
7,494
40,116
747
39,369
26,710
4,708
2,329
6,145
5
6,140
3,704
1,115
316
13,761
5
13,757
11,877
784
168
2,082
3
2,079
1,699
182
2,016
1,031
229
6,672
33
6,639
3,887
1,390
139
1,843
2
1,841
401
151
5
664
1,031
175
19
2,219
6,027
7
6,020
4,462
961
664
124
15
8
447
1
446
231
34
21
431
11
420
75
32
44
341
9
332
75
26
117
24
560
2,135
1,181
954
1
1
41
111
59
52
13
93
58
35
2
33
9
24
1
3
20
174
81
94
5
46
18
28
12
305
382
238
144
1
3
8
918
514
404
3
3
48
129
72
57
3
1
108
176
87
90
104
1
7
66
40
25
1,467
2,657
376
2,282
121
181
30
151
57
26
6
20
24
15
3
12
35
1,059
70
989
444
229
74
155
67
534
7
527
157
93
18
75
24
44
21
23
404
170
80
89
133
302
63
238
2
6
3
3
941
6,161
150
6,010
4,225
994
214
609
1
608
426
205
39
1,371
15
308
135
134
437
927
32
165
3
139
3
112
1,370
1,213
148
308
270
33
134
26
6
927
675
247
56
2,140
18
2,122
1,441
300
164
47
29
139
38
4
112
64
8
1
93
1
92
12
7
5
38
4
35
13
6
1
670
670
126
126
used in the household survey.
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
190
2
8
6
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over
Agriculture
Agricultural production, crops
Agricultural production, livestock
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Logging
Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Structural clay, pottery, and related products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Metal industries
Primary metal industries
Blastfurnaces, steelworks, rolling, and finishing mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal industries
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal forging and stampings
Miscellaneous and not specified fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metal working machinery
Computers and related equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scientific and controlling instruments
Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.
191
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
133,488
46.5
11.3
10.3
3,281
958
998
215
920
25.9
25.3
25.8
74.2
11.7
3.6
3.4
1.8
.5
6.5
22.4
33.4
7.9
2.7
29.0
565
85
330
110
12.3
3.5
16.4
8.5
4.3
2.0
4.9
3.8
10.1
.7
11.6
11.2
8,987
9.9
6.2
13.5
20,070
12,283
824
126
429
102
168
661
629
202
222
84
121
2,052
760
299
107
162
193
1,292
119
532
64
140
389
2,436
64
105
236
317
552
1,900
103
416
2,326
1,323
480
184
245
68
743
205
418
32.0
27.6
19.0
4.9
21.3
21.3
22.0
30.9
24.0
30.5
14.5
34.1
23.8
21.0
15.7
13.2
8.5
12.6
26.2
24.1
36.4
20.0
23.0
22.3
25.8
23.9
28.6
20.7
17.5
19.6
35.4
38.3
32.8
35.1
23.4
25.0
23.3
16.7
22.2
20.3
41.7
35.4
47.7
10.6
9.6
9.5
5.9
9.8
8.7
12.2
8.4
9.3
8.5
10.0
5.7
12.0
10.6
11.9
12.4
17.9
8.1
10.9
9.9
9.4
8.5
6.3
11.1
10.2
7.3
7.2
11.1
9.4
4.4
8.8
8.6
10.0
10.3
12.6
15.6
8.4
11.5
6.4
7.9
8.5
6.9
7.7
11.2
9.5
11.3
2.7
9.9
18.2
17.1
13.9
12.0
7.8
13.8
12.5
15.4
11.7
10.9
8.3
11.8
13.4
12.4
12.1
13.5
11.7
19.4
8.7
13.7
7.4
8.5
3.2
4.2
6.8
7.5
8.8
5.4
8.9
6.3
5.8
7.2
3.6
9.8
3.9
8.5
4.5
11.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Photographic equipment and supplies
Toys, amusements, and sporting goods
Miscellaneous and not specified manufacturing industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Dairy products
Canned, frozen, and preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Sugar and confectionary products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous and not specified food and kindred products ...
Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Carpets and rugs
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Apparel and other finished textile products
Apparel and accessories, except knit
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied products
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers
Chemicals and allied products
Plastics, synthetics, and resins
Drugs
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Black
Hispanic
origin
108
148
564
30.6
37.9
40.3
13.7
7.6
10.9
3.4
14.1
16.7
7,787
1,644
475
39.0
33.8
37.5
28.1
40.9
25.1
32.1
44.4
24.4
35.4
43.0
63.9
40.9
40.6
67.5
67.5
67.4
26.5
21.0
32.7
26.3
44.4
45.3
44.1
34.7
26.1
48.2
49.2
22.0
24.4
20.6
19.0
30.6
8.8
31.3
34.3
45.3
12.3
15.0
22.4
8.9
8.3
7.8
13.9
20.5
34.4
6.5
23.2
12.8
15.1
21.2
8.7
28.7
26.7
9.6
34.7
13.1
14.7
26.9
39.3
20.6
35.2
61.7
40.3
36.5
41.5
22.1
22.1
23.4
15.4
16.2
14.4
24.5
32.6
14.5
16.2
21.3
12.8
13.0
8.0
15.7
13.3
16.4
11.3
8.8
11.7
144
180
148
228
98
193
179
524
86
93
271
733
583
150
640
233
210
197
1,802
531
1,271
1,234
137
367
166
64
455
186
154
891
114
150
627
87
9,554
Transportation, communications, and other public utilities
Transportation
Railroads
Bus service and urban transit
Taxicab service
Trucking service
Warehousing and storage
U.S. Postal Service
Water transportation
Air transportation
Services incidental to transportation
Communications
Radio and television broadcasting and cable
Telephone communications
Utilities and sanitary services
Electric light and power
Gas and steam supply systems
6,198
299
613
150
2,513
174
887
222
903
426
1,888
470
1,403
1,468
572
166
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
192
15.1
8.7
14.7
16.9
21.8
24.8
16.3
23.7
10.7
11.6
7.3
11.7
11.0
9.9
14.5
8.3
9.8
7.6
12.7
13.7
12.1
16.3
14.3
12.1
7.6
8.1
11.0
14.7
12.0
10.1
7.2
17.3
10.6
8.1
13.6
9.1
30.4
32.0
24.3
9.5
5.6
10.0
13.4
7.9
6.0
8.7
10.7
18.1
8.8
16.5
17.9
6.8
5.3
5.5
11.0
4.8
11.0
12.1
20.6
9.3
10.3
7.0
12.9
15.9
9.8
17.5
6.5
8.9
9.8
16.1
7.5
6.9
7.7
7.6
5.8
5.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Black
Hispanic
origin
29.0
24.9
14.8
6.6
10.3
18.5
6.8
9.0
11.7
27,572
5,189
2,842
238
115
229
516
93
348
275
710
146
171
2,347
139
242
155
941
84
131
118
149
388
47.6
32.0
29.5
24.2
34.0
25.7
35.8
23.2
31.8
26.5
25.3
21.2
48.5
34.9
52.0
43.1
57.5
27.8
27.4
29.0
19.9
24.5
44.1
9.6
7.2
5.8
8.7
8.2
3.9
8.1
10.1
5.1
2.8
3.5
11.8
5.1
8.9
9.2
9.0
8.6
10.5
4.8
10.8
8.4
5.8
6.7
11.5
11.1
8.3
9.8
6.5
11.4
6.1
8.1
8.4
9.2
6.4
16.5
10.1
14.5
9.4
10.5
19.0
20.4
5.0
5.1
12.2
8.2
11.2
22,383
644
215
131
2,282
137
167
3,065
213
1,233
486
378
144
791
147
644
88
508
124
6,735
661
143
426
314
188
222
178
75
395
92
181
51.2
27.4
33.8
37.8
65.6
73.3
59.4
51.6
58.3
20.7
19.0
37.3
24.7
73.0
48.8
42.1
26.2
27.0
36.8
52.7
65.9
45.0
46.4
52.7
65.7
81.8
62.2
34.2
75.0
25.9
74.3
10.2
8.1
6.7
2.2
14.8
19.8
16.8
11.3
6.5
7.3
7.7
11.2
.1
13.0
23.1
7.4
13.6
6.8
7.2
10.5
13.3
8.9
5.7
87
5.7
6.3
10.2
8.0
7.4
1.4
2.3
11.6
6.4
10.2
7.4
10.2
13.4
9.5
10.9
16.3
10.5
14.3
8.0
3.9
11.3
13.7
8.8
11.4
8.2
10.3
15.7
8.4
8.6
6.3
4.8
8.4
5.9
8.9
5.9
11.2
4.9
8.0
161
262
295
Electric and gas, and other combinations
Water supply and irrigation
Sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Scrap and waste materials
Miscellaneous wholesale trade, durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Apparel, fabrics, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm products-raw materials
Petroleum products
Alcoholic beverages
Farm supplies
Miscellaneous nondurable goods and not specified wholesale trade
Retail trade
Lumber and building material retailing
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
Motor vehicle dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, TV, and computer stores
Music stores
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores
Book and stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Catalog and mail order houses
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Fuel dealers
Retail florists
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
193
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Women
Black
8,815
1,918
261
1,004
2,527
2,293
58.0
68.8
80.3
40.2
61.5
49.5
10.7
14.2
8.2
6.7
48,687
940
47,747
12.7
16.0
189
242
1,152
113
542
62.0
91.6
61.4
36.3
56.4
47.6
58.9
30.0
24.9
33.2
21.6
10.4
15.7
14.9
Personal services, except private household
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Barbershops
Funeral service and crematories
3,548
1,388
153
477
911
80
103
Entertainment and recreation services
Theaters and motion pictures
Video tape rental
Bowling centers
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Savings institutions, including credit unions
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair services
Advertising
Services to dwellings and other buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services
Detective and protective services
Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers
Automobile parking and carwashes
Automotive repair and related services
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
9,046
284
820
65.1
58.0
40.1
58.8
89.9
21.5
39.0
13.3
15.7
2.8
14.7
12.2
24.5
16.6
15.5
21.0
6.2
22.3
10.3
12.2
6.3
2,649
711
127
52
1,758
42.8
36.8
56.7
37.5
44.3
10.0
8.0
8.3
7.2
.5
8.2
32,370
5,117
69.7
76.5
78.9
74.6
76.6
64.9
64.9
86.7
69.1
75.8
52.1
45.8
78.5
82.7
56.5
95.1
97.5
73.4
48.9
56.6
64.0
40.8
13.1
16.7
15.6
6.6
4.4
6,529
1,624
694
142
77
1,786
10,896
7,451
2,919
92
189
3,426
225
1,038
481
537
6,402
1,365
121
63
194
8.9
27.5
8.6
11.9
16.5
7.5
3.2
3.3
1,066
See footnotes at end of table.
12.6
7.4
7.8
4.1
4.6
5.8
10.4
11.2
8.1
25.6
11.8
4.4
9.5
8.9
21.9
14.2
11.9
13.9
2,079
593
Professional and related services
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Offices and clinics of physicians
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of chiropractors
Offices and clinics of optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
Libraries
Social services
Job training and vocational rehabilitation services
Child day care services
Family child care homes
Residential care facilities, without nursing
Other professional services
Legal services
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Labor unions
10.8
8.4
Hispanic
origin
11.5
7.7
17.9
21.3
6.3
27.9
10.8
5.7
8.4
10.0
1.9
1.2
25.5
11.4
11.9
10.7
10.5
9.1
19.5
15.8
20.1
14.0
25.0
6.9
7.0
11.2
10.6
7.1
5.8
8.0
8.6
6.8
6.5
9.6
7.2
7.4
7.8
6.5
8.1
9.6
9.9
5.4
9.5
15.7
7.8
5.1
6.4
4.0
8.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Religious organizations
Engineering, architectural, and surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services
Research, development, and testing services
Management and public relations services
Miscellaneous professional and related services
Forestry and fisheries
Forestry
Fishing, hunting, and trapping
Public administration
Executive and legislative offices
Justice, public order, and safety
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy
Administration of human resources programs
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
Administration of economic programs
National security and international affairs
Black
Hispanic
origin
947
965
781
610
928
288
52.0
21.6
57.3
47.1
46.2
59.5
9.4
4.0
5.0
7.0
6.5
4.2
5.7
4.8
4.6
4.9
3.2
2.0
135
72
63
21.1
27.3
14.0
4.4
2.2
6.9
7.1
10.8
5,958
153
2,532
353
809
245
557
627
44.6
58.9
33.5
66.5
68.7
42.2
42.3
39.7
16.7
6.2
16.0
17.7
23.8
6.8
2.9
7.3
7.2
7.6
4.6
4.6
6.1
9.3
16.0
16.3
2.9
appropriate categories shown. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Generally, data for industries with fewer than 50,000 employed
are not published separately but are included in the totals for the
Women
195
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
1999
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
Percent distribution
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
128,081
3,132
124,948
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
30,913
1,230
4,844
15,339
9,500
913
67
197
436
213
30,000
1,164
4,647
14,903
9,286
24.1
1.0
3.8
12.0
7.4
29.2
2.1
6.3
13.9
6.8
24.0
.9
3.7
11.9
7.4
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
97,167
8,670
47,955
40,542
14,722
14,986
10,834
2,219
160
826
1,234
231
366
637
94,948
8,510
47,129
39,309
14,491
14,620
10,198
75.9
6.8
37.4
31.7
11.5
11.7
8.5
70.8
5.1
26.4
39.4
7.4
11.7
20.3
76.0
6.8
37.7
31.5
11.6
11.7
8.2
39.6
43.4
41.9
48.1
39.5
43.3
Total, 16 years and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time .
survey. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables 19-23 may not sum to the totals
shown because of minor editing problems associated with the redesigned
20. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual full- or
part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
30,913
10,079
20,834
30,000
9,807
20,193
3,357
1,968
1,079
147
162
1,281
1,021
2,076
947
1,079
50
3,189
1,861
1,056
115
157
1,193
962
1,996
899
1,056
41
27,556
856
5,629
712
6,463
1,984
3,239
966
824
6,884
8,798
86
746
18,758
770
4,882
712
6,363
1,984
8,614
84
727
3,239
966
824
2,837
4,047
26,811
843
5,476
674
6,320
1,863
3,188
956
781
6,710
3,188
956
781
2,781
3,929
23.1
21.5
24.0
25.7
22.5
19.6
23.2
21.6
24.1
25.8
22.6
19.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
97
162
100
used in the household survey.
196
Usually
work
full time
74
157
97
Usually
work
part time
18,197
759
4,749
674
6,223
1,863
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
21. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total 16 years and over
124,948
30,000
Wage and salary workers
116,602
Industry and class of worker
Average hours
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,189
8,614
18,197
94,948
39.5
43.3
27,370
2,852
8,073
16,444
89,232
39.5
43.1
525
44
8
29
7
481
48.1
48.6
7,200
1,235
271
594
370
5,966
41.1
42.6
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,081
11,703
7,378
2,167
1,212
955
265
123
142
1,209
755
454
694
334
360
16,914
10,491
6,423
42.7
43.1
42.0
43.6
43.8
43.3
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,751
25,086
7,887
1,368
8,145
1,469
158
935
79
616
1,192
632
594
6,018
758
7,383
16,941
6,418
42.5
37.2
40.3
44.3
43.4
42.5
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
42,345
897
41,447
5,727
11,913
516
11,397
1,029
1,099
71
1,028
37
3,096
47
3,049
706
7,718
398
7,319
287
30,432
381
30,051
4,698
38.1
28.7
38.3
40.7
42.7
41.8
42.7
41.9
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,252
95
2,577
54
334
3
536
5
1,707
46
5,675
41
40.1
33.4
46.7
45.7
Mining
Construction
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
197
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race, and marital status
Total
at
work
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
For
economic
reasons
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
8,614
234
42
18,197
4,127
2,187
1,940
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
TOTAL
124,948
6,706
2,591
12,184
30,000
4,690
2,303
2,387
25,310
3,864
106,059
21,447
90,523
15,536
16,545
4,902
66,785
3,396
1,305
2,091
63,389
6,316
57,073
11,255
2,217
1,137
1,079
9,038
1,629
7,408
5,265
2,143
41
124
23
124
1,336
274
1,062
912
151
101
3,969
335
3,634
3,053
581
1,688
164
33
131
1,524
253
1,271
1,116
155
4,520
110
48,986
42,004
6,982
18,745
2,473
1,166
1,307
16,272
2,234
14,038
11,280
2,758
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
104,657
56,959
47,698
25,565
9,575
15,990
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
14,388
6,704
7,684
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
4,115
118,242
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
48,518
8,554
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
58,163
3,309
1,285
2,024
3,189
329
74
255
2,860
527
2,334
2,028
306
1,501
165
192
8,380
734
7,645
6,527
1,118
4,094
14,070
2,603
11,468
7,990
3,477
5,660
1,928
1,074
854
3,732
1,020
2,712
1,300
1,412
94,948
2,016
288
1,728
92,932
8,320
84,612
73,978
10,635
39.5
25.2
19.0
29.2
40.3
36.4
40.8
41.4
37.4
43.3
39.5
37.7
39.8
43.4
41.5
43.6
43.6
43.1
55,531
42.4
26.7
19.9
31.0
43.2
38.4
43.7
44.4
39.9
44.8
40.2
38.3
40.5
44.9
42.6
45.2
45.3
44.4
41.2
38.6
36.9
38.9
41.3
40.3
41.4
41.5
41.1
1,179
168
1,011
54,351
4,687
49,664
43,253
6,411
39,418
836
399
4,011
3,474
537
12,536
2,199
1,113
1,085
10,338
1,582
8,756
6,690
2,066
34,948
30,724
4,224
36.2
23.7
18.1
27.2
37.0
34.3
37.3
37.8
34.2
2,478
1,196
1,282
7,200
3,525
3,675
15,887
4,853
11,034
79,092
47,384
31,707
39.6
42.6
36.0
43.5
45.0
41.3
3,157
1,160
1,997
551
233
319
1,054
397
657
1,552
531
1,022
11,231
5,544
5,687
39.0
40.9
37.3
41.8
43.3
40.5
40,363
7,963
18,459
4,918
1,188
5,149
599
216
686
2,549
538
1,007
1,771
434
3,456
35,445
6,775
13,311
44.2
42.9
38.1
45.5
44.6
43.2
30,953
11,667
15,542
9,881
2,962
5,903
666
383
639
2,431
1,020
1,070
6,784
1,559
4,194
21,072
8,706
9,639
36.3
38.5
34.5
41.1
41.7
41.1
54,853
5,867
19
91
4,410
120
717
38,581
3,633
Race
Marital status
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
198
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men,
16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
124,812
29,988
38,571
18,951
19,620
37,460
4,201
15,528
17,731
17,181
799
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,182
8,593
18,214
94,824
39.5
43.3
7,127
5,284
5,100
7,246
2,746
4,500
10,597
912
4,613
5,071
6,678
462
382
5,833
1,963
3,505
1,045
924
1,537
466
154
312
849
55
463
331
847
63
36
748
380
640
209
150
281
2,919
1,335
1,584
2,564
328
765
1,470
955
42
146
767
1,031
1,125
478
308
339
3,861
1,257
2,603
7,184
529
3,384
3,270
4,876
358
200
4,319
552
1,740
358
466
917
31,326
16,205
15,120
26,864
3,289
10,915
12,660
10,503
336
1,949
8,218
12,126
14,005
6,082
4,360
3,563
42.0
43.9
40.2
37.7
39.4
38.7
36.4
34.9
28.5
42.4
34.0
42.2
40.4
40.9
43.3
36.8
44.7
45.7
43.7
42.3
42.2
44.6
40.4
42.1
41.5
44.9
41.4
43.3
43.1
42.2
45.9
41.4
66,484
11,162
1,494
4,062
5,606
55,322
42.4
44.9
19,760
2,526
1,089
1,437
2,549
727
1,166
208
79
129
224
21
135
68
280
4
23
252
340
442
101
125
217
1,246
601
645
748
149
333
266
338
3
113
221
933
797
267
267
264
1,072
409
664
1,578
140
989
449
1,355
16
123
1,215
432
1,169
148
335
686
17,234
9,351
7,882
11,127
1,721
6,371
3,035
4,888
15
1,636
3,237
11,137
10,935
3,990
4,047
2,899
45.1
46.4
43.5
41.8
41.9
43.0
39.3
38.0
27.7
43.6
35.9
42.4
41.4
42.1
44.1
37.3
46.7
47.7
45.7
45.0
43.6
46.7
42.3
43.4
42.7
45.5
42.4
43.4
43.9
43.0
46.2
41.7
58,328
18,826
1,688
4,531
12,607
39,502
36.2
41.2
18,811
8,511
10,300
23,784
2,170
7,701
4,719
1,657
3,063
8,047
602
3,156
4,289
4,705
438
122
258
75
183
625
34
328
263
567
58
13
495
40
198
109
25
64
1,673
733
939
1,816
179
432
1,204
617
38
33
546
98
327
211
40
76
2,788
849
1,940
5,606
389
2,396
2,821
3,521
342
77
3,103
120
571
210
131
231
14,092
6,854
7,238
15,737
1,568
4,544
9,624
5,615
321
313
4,981
989
3,070
2,092
313
665
38.8
40.7
37.3
35.3
37.0
34.2
35.6
32.8
28.5
37.2
33.0
39.3
37.5
38.8
35.7
34.9
42.4
43.1
41.7
40.5
40.5
41.7
39.9
40.9
41.4
42.0
40.8
41.7
40.6
40.7
41.8
40.0
2,331
14,051
14,089
17,510
10,440
9,320
13,676
2,031
7,827
3,818
6,861
39
1,896
4,926
12,842
13,344
4,505
4,774
4,065
310
1,457
782
1,973
24
260
1,689
1,705
2,409
515
13,913
10,320
760
435
9,125
4,144
259
1,096
529
197
370
1,248
4,166
2,621
510
1,035
1
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Average hours
used in the household survey.
199
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
1998
Unemployment
rates
1998
1999
1998
1999
4.1
2.2
4.6
7.8
2,944
985
628
1,332
2,814
921
585
1,308
4.6
2.9
4.9
7.8
4.3
2.7
4.5
7.4
1,157
3.9
2.2
4.5
7.4
3.6
2.1
4.3
6.7
2,053
808
449
797
1,999
749
427
823
3.9
2.7
4.4
6.3
3.8
2.5
4.2
6.3
671
133
84
455
626
130
77
419
8.9
3.9
6.9
15.4
8.2
3.8
6.3
14.0
756
120
156
480
684
119
134
430
9.0
4.5
7.0
13.5
7.8
4.2
6.1
11.7
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,998
980
415
602
1,870
925
393
553
3.2
2.3
4.8
5.5
3.0
2.1
4.5
4.9
1,926
878
590
458
1,805
828
544
433
3.6
2.7
4.8
5.4
3.3
2.5
4.3
4.9
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,516
790
318
407
1,415
744
305
366
2.8
2.1
4.4
4.7
2.6
2.0
4.3
4.2
1,361
717
418
226
1,294
671
396
227
3.1
2.5
4.3
3.8
2.9
2.4
4.0
3.8
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
373
126
81
166
345
120
74
152
6.0
3.8
6.8
9.5
5.4
3.6
6.2
8.4
471
109
151
211
423
107
127
188
6.8
4.3
6.9
9.5
5.9
4.0
5.9
8.1
1998
1999
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,266
1,034
435
3,066
990
411
1,665
4.4
2.4
4.8
8.5
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,431
836
334
1,261
2,274
797
320
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
NOTE:
1,798
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
1999
Thousands of
persons
controls used in the household survey.
200
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
25. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates
Total
Total
1998
1999
6,210
5,880
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.6
4.3
722
343
380
770
376
394
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,550
96
745
710
1,477
101
714
662
3.9
2.2
4.5
3.7
3.7
2.3
4.2
3.5
3.3
2.3
3.3
4.0
3.2
2.6
3.0
3.7
4.2
2.1
5.6
3.6
3.9
1.9
5.4
3.4
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,216
74
85
1,057
1,081
67
72
943
6.4
8.0
3.4
6.8
5.7
7.4
2.9
6.0
6.3
8.7
3.1
7.5
5.5
6.0
2.4
6.7
6.4
8.0
5.0
6.3
5.8
7.5
4.9
5.7
630
149
338
143
607
136
330
142
4.2
3.0
5.7
3.4
4.0
2.7
5.4
3.5
4.1
3.1
5.6
3.1
3.9
2.6
5.3
3.1
4.8
2.3
10.4
4.6
5.2
4.8
8.8
4.7
1,304
494
279
531
136
395
1,207
440
235
532
140
392
6.7
6.0
4.9
9.4
14.2
8.4
6.2
5.6
4.1
9.2
13.2
8.3
6.3
5.0
4.8
9.6
14.2
8.4
5.9
4.7
4.0
9.4
13.0
8.4
7.7
7.6
6.3
8.8
16.0
8.5
7.3
7.2
5.3
8.4
18.2
8.0
Farming, forestry, and fishing
244
249
6.5
6.8
6.1
6.2
8.0
9.0
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
520
361
80
80
469
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
1998
Women
Men
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
328
67
74
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
201
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Total
Men
Total
1998
1999
1998
Women
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
6,210
5,880
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.6
4.3
4,873
4,590
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.8
4.5
Mining
Construction
20
532
33
520
3.2
7.5
5.7
7.0
3.4
7.7
5.8
7.1
1.8
5.9
5.4
5.8
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
816
426
43
26
18
27
49
78
54
72
47
25
20
38
390
111
29
76
18
67
34
38
16
739
434
41
26
19
20
53
77
65
69
39
30
24
40
305
74
26
66
18
48
28
33
12
3.9
3.4
5.2
3.8
3.1
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.7
3.0
3.4
2.4
2.5
5.6
4.7
6.4
4.7
8.8
2.6
3.8
2.5
3.8
4.6
3.6
3.5
5.2
4.0
2.9
2.5
4.0
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
5.6
3.9
4.4
4.8
8.6
2.8
2.8
2.2
3.6
3.7
3.3
3.0
5.3
3.5
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.9
2.4
2.6
3.0
2.1
2.0
4.2
3.7
5.2
3.7
6.0
2.4
3.5
2.1
3.1
4.0
3.1
3.2
5.4
3.2
2.8
2.7
3.8
3.1
2.7
2.4
2.1
2.9
2.8
5.3
3.0
3.2
3.6
6.7
2.8
2.9
1.7
2.8
2.5
5.2
4.2
4.8
4.6
5.4
4.8
3.7
3.8
3.3
4.4
4.9
3.5
3.4
7.5
6.2
8.6
5.9
10.1
3.3
4.2
3.3
5.5
5.9
4.7
4.3
4.4
5.7
3.5
1.5
4.8
3.1
4.3
4.5
5.2
3.5
3.7
6.4
5.2
6.6
6.4
9.5
2.6
2.6
3.1
5.3
6.6
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
254
185
235
164
71
1,422
156
3.4
4.0
2.4
5.5
3.7
6.0
2.5
4.5
2.9
6.9
3.0
3.4
2.4
5.2
3.1
5.7
2.3
4.1
2.6
6.2
3.3
4.0
2.1
5.1
3.4
5.7
2.3
4.7
2.5
6.5
3.0
3.5
2.0
4.5
2.6
5.1
2.4
4.2
2.3
5.7
3.5
4.0
2.9
6.0
4.6
6.2
2.6
4.4
3.1
7.3
3.2
3.3
3.1
6.0
4.1
6.2
2.3
4.0
2.7
6.8
8.3
2.2
8.9
2.1
7.9
2.0
8.6
2.1
9.3
2.3
9.6
2.1
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagncultural private wage and salary workers
69
1,493
185
1,308
197
1,562
593
968
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid famiy workers
No previous work experience
180
636
520
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
1,266
191
1,450
546
903
189
631
469
used in the household survey.
202
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Men,
20 years
and over
Total,
16 years
and over
Women,
20 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
6,210
2,822
866
1,957
1,353
603
734
2,132
520
5,880
2,622
848
1,774
1,225
2,433
1,459
475
2,424
1,053
322
984
685
299
336
592
46
731
527
204
330
944
97
2,285
990
310
680
481
199
333
866
96
1,205
181
1,162
173
63
110
59
469
2,580
1,588
483
1,105
763
343
318
611
63
361
51
114
547
328
45.5
13.9
31.5
11.8
34.3
8.4
44.6
14.4
30.2
13.3
34.1
8.0
61.5
18.7
42.8
12.3
23.7
2.4
60.0
19.5
40.4
13.8
24.3
1.9
43.4
13.3
30.2
13.6
39.0
4.0
43.3
13.6
29.7
14.6
37.9
4.2
15.0
5.1
10.0
7.2
14.9
5.4
9.5
9.8
47.9
30.0
47.1
28.2
2.1
.5
1.5
.4
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
2.3
.5
.9
.1
2.1
.5
.8
.1
1.8
.6
1.6
.2
1.6
.5
1.4
.2
2.2
1.0
7.0
4.4
2.1
1.4
6.6
3.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
549
783
2,005
61
120
64
56
86
577
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
203
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Black
Hispanic origin
Reason for unemployment
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
4,273
1,968
702
1,266
892
374
617
1,385
303
1,426
585
116
469
300
170
133
558
151
1,309
529
111
418
269
149
134
516
131
1,026
471
146
325
206
119
95
346
113
945
444
155
289
185
104
91
317
93
1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,210
2,822
866
1,957
1,353
603
734
2,132
520
5,880
2,622
848
1,774
1,225
549
783
2,005
469
1,399
988
412
568
1,467
333
45.5
13.9
31.5
11.8
34.3
8.4
44.6
14.4
30.2
13.3
34.1
8.0
47.2
16.0
31.2
12.7
32.7
7.4
46.1
16.4
29.6
14.4
32.4
7.1
41.0
8.1
32.9
9.3
39.1
10.6
40.4
8.5
31.9
10.2
39.4
10.0
46.0
14.3
31.7
9.3
33.7
11.0
47.0
16.4
30.6
9.7
33.5
9.8
2.1
.5
1.9
.6
1.4
.3
1.8
.5
1.3
.3
1.7
.5
1.2
.3
3.7
.8
3.5
.9
3.2
.8
3.2
.8
3.3
.7
2.4
.8
3.0
.6
2.2
.6
4,484
2,116
716
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.5
.4
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
204
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
1999
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,880
2,622
848
1,774
1,225
549
783
2,005
469
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.7
43.7
55.5
38.1
35.6
43.7
51.1
41.0
42.4
31.2
31.2
31.6
31.1
31.0
31.3
29.2
31.5
32.3
25.2
25.1
12.9
30.8
33.4
25.1
19.6
27.5
25.2
12.8
14.5
9.3
17.1
18.7
13.4
10.3
11.9
11.8
3.7
13.8
14.7
11.7
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,433
1,459
475
984
685
299
336
592
46
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.1
41.4
51.8
36.3
33.8
42.0
48.2
33.0
33.5
30.8
32.0
34.3
30.9
30.4
32.1
28.7
29.5
27.1
29.0
26.6
13.9
32.7
35.7
25.9
23.1
37.5
39.4
14.2
15.2
10.6
17.4
18.9
13.8
11.1
14.1
9.0
14.8
11.4
3.3
15.4
16.8
12.1
11.9
23.4
30.4
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
....
Reentrants
New entrants
2,285
990
310
680
481
199
333
866
96
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.6
43.5
56.9
37.3
35.1
42.6
49.2
40.1
34.1
31.0
30.7
30.1
31.0
31.4
30.3
30.3
31.6
29.3
26.4
25.8
13.1
31.6
33.5
27.1
20.5
28.3
36.7
13.6
15.1
8.2
18.2
20.0
13.6
11.4
12.5
16.1
12.8
10.7
9.1
15.8
20.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
1,162
173
63
110
59
51
114
547
328
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.1
65.0
76.2
58.7
59.6
57.5
65.4
51.0
46.1
32.2
27.4
18.8
32.3
34.2
30.1
27.5
33.6
34.0
14.7
7.5
4.9
9.0
6.1
12.4
7.2
15.3
8.5
6.2
3.8
7.5
5.6
9.7
4.5
8.6
10.9
6.2
1.4
1.1
1.5
.5
2.6
2.7
6.8
9.0
Reentrants
N e w entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
19.9
12.3
10.5
9.4
15.6
13.5
4.8
13.4
13.5
13.4
used in the household survey.
30. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Thousands of persons
Full-time workers
Percent distribution
Percent distribution
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
6,210
2,622
1,950
1,375
575
5,880
2,568
1,832
100.0
42.2
31.4
22.1
9.3
26.4
100.0
43.7
4,916
4,669
1,909
1,574
1,093
481
1,433
662
1,899
1,480
100.0
38.8
32.0
22.2
9.8
100.0
40.7
31.7
21.8
1,283
379
496
549
1,480
755
725
325
400
14.5
6.7
13.4
6.4
1,637
763
875
12.3
14.1
6.1
8.0
31.2
21.8
9.3
25.2
12.8
12.3
5.5
6.8
771
340
431
15.6
7.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
Thousands of persons
used in the household survey.
205
1,018
462
1,290
656
634
289
345
14.4
7.3
29.1
13.5
15.7
6.9
8.8
9.9
27.6
14.1
13.6
6.2
7.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
31. Unemployed persons by selected demographic characteristics and duration of unemployment
1999
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Characteristic
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 to 14
weeks
5 weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
13.4
8.7
10.9
13.5
15.9
16.7
17.8
19.5
6.4
4.2
4.7
6.9
7.9
8.5
8.9
8.2
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
5,880
1,162
1,042
2,568
617
515
539
449
271
129
47
1,832
374
324
402
353
234
109
36
1,480
170
203
337
352
248
128
41
755
98
179
176
116
58
15
725
72
89
159
177
132
70
26
957
207
800
94
117
172
178
137
77
26
401
55
65
90
90
62
31
8
399
39
53
82
88
75
45
17
14.0
8.7
11.4
14.1
16.6
17.3
19.8
22.8
6.7
4.3
4.9
7.2
8.2
9.0
9.7
9.6
680
76
86
166
174
111
51
16
354
43
49
89
86
54
26
7
326
33
37
77
88
57
25
9
12.7
8.8
10.3
13.0
15.2
16.0
15.3
15.2
6.1
4.2
4.5
6.6
7.5
8.1
7.9
6.4
113
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,278
1,154
753
367
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,066
633
562
624
571
403
203
70
1,309
332
274
257
213
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,814
529
480
654
584
350
163
54
1,259
285
241
282
236
130
63
22
875
167
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,273
2,274
1,999
1,977
1,021
956
1,323
712
611
972
540
432
520
283
237
452
257
195
12.2
12.7
11.5
5.6
6.0
5.1
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,309
626
684
468
219
249
412
193
219
429
214
216
195
96
99
235
118
117
17.2
18.0
16.5
8.8
9.0
8.6
945
480
466
426
221
205
296
149
147
223
110
113
120
60
60
103
50
53
12.5
12.1
12.9
6.1
5.7
6.5
990
411
1,665
386
157
766
310
128
519
294
126
380
149
60
193
145
66
15.3
16.0
12.7
7.8
8.1
5.6
921
585
412
233
614
278
183
414
231
169
280
123
108
88
12.6
15.0
11.8
5.9
7.5
5.5
124
171
195
180
125
60
20
141
67
24
153
207
174
109
49
16
Race and Hispanic origin
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,308
130
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
81
150
187
206
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
32. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
1999
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
Less
than
5 weeks
Weeks
15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
14.4
12.2
13.8
12.7
14.0
11.9
7.1
5.9
5.9
6.0
7.0
6.8
7.1
6.8
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.1
5.2
7.4
6.0
9.6
6.4
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
770
1,477
1,081
607
1,207
249
240
457
320
189
374
92
214
347
271
147
322
57
107
190
123
81
166
30
107
157
148
41
127
221
137
84
74
318
61
399
45
25
72
113
70
43
36
167
33
17
55
108
67
41
38
79
754
40
72
174
223
123
100
85
436
55
522
39
151
28
198
21
201
24
11.2
12.8
15.0
15.5
14.3
14.8
12.0
13.9
13.1
19.8
199
152
118
55
63
14.4
316
672
490
271
511
100
1
189
527
743
437
306
267
1,430
195
1,675
123
469
75
225
299
178
121
108
676
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
66
156
26
used in the household survey.
207
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and active jobsearch methods used
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Sent out
resumes
or filled
out
applications
Placed
or
answered
ads
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
5,880
1,162
65.4
64.2
67.5
65.3
66.5
65.2
62.3
59.6
49.4
53.3
49.3
50.5
47.5
48.0
44.3
33.0
14.5
8.7
14.1
16.4
17.1
17.7
16.9
10.1
Employer
directly
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
14.0
9.3
12.0
15.8
16.7
16.0
18.4
13.2
17.6
8.0
16.9
21.3
22.1
22.4
18.8
14.2
7.0
2.5
7.0
8.0
9.1
10.3
7.0
5.8
17.6
7.9
16.2
22.0
22.2
25.0
18.4
15.8
7.0
2.3
6.3
8.8
9.3
10.9
7.2
6.0
10.3
5.1
9.0
5.7
7.6
Friends
or
relatives
Other
Average
number of
methods
used
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,278
1,154
753
367
124
5,032
1,099
948
1,082
939
590
284
89
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,066
633
562
624
571
403
203
70
2,553
595
495
497
449
304
159
53
66.7
64.0
67.5
68.6
69.5
67.1
62.5
56.6
48.2
52.8
47.6
48.9
46.1
47.0
44.0
31.6
14.6
8.7
14.4
17.2
16.4
18.6
17.7
8.1
15.1
9.5
12.9
19.1
18.7
16.0
19.3
14.2
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,814
529
480
654
584
350
163
54
2,479
504
452
586
490
286
125
36
64.1
64.4
67.4
62.6
63.8
63.1
62.0
64.1
50.6
53.9
51.1
51.9
48.7
49.1
44.6
35.1
14.4
8.6
13.8
15.7
17.7
16.7
15.8
13.1
12.8
9.1
11.0
13.0
14.8
16.1
17.2
11.9
17.5
8.0
17.6
20.7
22.0
19.5
19.4
11.8
7.0
2.7
7.8
7.4
9.0
9.7
6.7
5.5
White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women
4,273
2,274
1,999
3,571
1,843
1,728
65.7
67.0
•64.4
49.8
48.9
50.7
15.0
15.1
15.0
13.9
15.1
12.6
16.6
17.0
16.3
7.0
7.1
6.8
10.4
11.3
9.4
1.79
1.82
1.76
Black, 16 years and over...
Men
Women
1,309
626
684
1,199
566
632
64.8
66.6
63.1
48.7
46.8
50.5
13.1
13.3
13.0
13.6
14.6
12.7
20.9
20.3
21.6
7.0
6.2
7.8
7.3
6.9
7.6
1.76
1.75
1.76
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
1,042
10.6
10.6
14.6
12.0
11.9
9.5
11.2
11.7
16.4
13.3
14.1
10.2
9.6
12.7
10.5
8.6
1.78
1.51
1.76
1.88
1.90
1.95
1.80
1.49
1.80
1.50
1.75
1.96
1.94
2.02
1.83
1.48
1.76
1.53
1.77
1.82
1.86
1.87
1.76
1.50
method. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because it
does not include persons on temporary layoff. The percent using each method
will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than one
9.7
5.4
8.6
208
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
34. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and active jobsearch methods used
1999
Thousands of
persons
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Sex and reason
Sent out
resumes
or filled
out
applications
Placed
or
answered
ads
Public
Private
Friends
employ- employor
ment
ment
relatives
agency agency
Other
17.6
23.9
18.1
13.9
8.7
7.0
9.6
7.9
5.5
2.1
9.7
10.9
9.6
9.3
6.6
1.78
1.98
1.86
1.63
1.51
15.1
18.7
14.7
12.6
8.9
17.6
23.3
18.9
13.1
6.9
7.0
9.2
8.3
5.2
.9
10.3
11.8
9.7
10.0
5.8
1.80
1.98
1.89
1.63
1.45
12.8
15.5
12.4
11.4
11.7
17.5
24.7
17.3
14.5
10.4
7.0
10.1
7.6
5.8
3.1
9.0
9.5
9.5
8.8
7.3
1.76
1.97
1.83
1.64
1.56
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,880
2,622
783
2,005
469
5,032
1,774
783
2,005
469
65.4
68.5
68.6
62.2
62.5
49.4
49.1
51.2
48.5
50.9
14.5
17.8
17.0
11.7
9.6
14.0
17.4
13.6
11.9
10.4
Men, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,066
1,563
2,553
1,050
389
895
219
66.7
69.3
71.1
62.8
62.1
48.2
47.7
49.6
47.6
50.4
14.6
17.7
16.8
11.0
10.0
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,814
1,059
394
1,111
250
2,479
724
394
1,111
250
64.1
67.2
66.2
61.7
62.9
50.6
51.2
52.9
49.2
51.3
14.4
18.0
17.1
12.2
9.3
389
895
219
Employer
directly
1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used exclude
persons on temporary layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because it does
not include persons on temporary layoff. The percent using each method will
Average
number
of
methods
used
always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than one method.
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
209
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
35. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Age
16 to 24
years
Category
1998
1999
1998
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
25 to 54
years
1998
1999
55 years
and over
1998
1999
Men
1998
Women
1999
1998
1999
67,547 68,385 11,343 11,740 18,732 18,785 37,472 37,861 24,799 25,210 42,748 43,175
62,735 63,818 9,491 9,938 16,580 16,814 36,664 37,066 22,790 23,307 39,945 40,511
807
4,812 4,568 1,852 1,802 2,152 1,971
795 2,008 1,903 2,803 2,665
608
1,240 1,144
981
2,859 2,723 1,011
599 1,134 1,083 1,725 1,640
827
912
822
841
200
1,953 1,844
820 1,078 1,024
875
196
332
41
36
258
275
345
644
643
392
249
250
395
155
164
569
637
477
509
1,310
571
624
1,201
629
686
331
979
143
206
104
525
273
927
132
214
97
485
108
401
37
173
14
177
391
29
176
13
173
170
467
93
32
69
273
146
423
92
34
57
239
53
111
13
1
21
75
41
114
11
4
26
73
198
427
23
105
52
247
161
411
29
110
39
234
133
552
120
102
52
278
113
517
103
104
58
251
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
1
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2
1999
Sex
210
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
36. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic
Rate
Number
Women
Men
1998
1999
7,926
335
7,590
788
6,802
6,011
791
682
109
7,802
343
7,460
751
6,708
5,886
822
701
122
6.0
4.8
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.3
4.8
5.3
2.9
6,832
802
503
6,674
831
490
4,414
1,385
2,127
4,309
1,356
2,137
4,478
1,635
266
1,504
4,293
1,657
298
1,513
1998
1
Number
1999
Rate
1998
1
Number
1999
Rate1
1998
1999
5.7
4.1
5.8
5.1
5.9
6.1
4.9
5.3
3.4
3,748
198
3,550
425
3,126
2,783
342
303
39
3,698
190
3,508
410
3,098
2,740
358
314
45
6.2
5.7
6.2
7.2
6.1
6.3
4.6
5.2
2.5
6.0
5.5
6.0
6.7
5.9
6.1
4.7
5.2
2.7
6.0
5.9
3.7
5.7
6.3
3.5
3,210
396
204
3,159
389
210
6.4
5.2
3.9
6.2
4.8
3.7
6.2
5.8
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.3
1,750
887
1,110
1,744
866
1,089
5.3
7.3
7.0
5.2
7.0
6.7
1,870
1,124
78
656
1,796
1,138
94
652
1998
1999
5.8
4.8
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.1
4.8
5.3
3.1
4,178
138
4,040
363
3,677
3,228
449
378
71
4,104
153
3,952
341
3,610
3,146
464
387
77
5.9
3.9
6.0
5.5
6.1
6.3
4.9
5.4
3.3
6.2
5.5
3.8
5.9
5.5
3.6
3,622
406
299
3,514
442
280
5.8
6.7
6.1
5.6
6.5
5.9
2,664
498
1,016
2,566
490
1,048
2,608
512
188
848
2,497
519
204
861
1998
1999
AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
2
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
211
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Median weekly earnings
1998
1999
1998
1999
Total, 16 years and over
95,595
97,626
$523
$549
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
54,313
6,325
47,988
55,181
6,444
48,738
598
334
639
618
356
668
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
41,282
4,721
36,561
42,444
4,830
37,615
456
305
485
473
324
497
White
Men
Women
79,403
46,087
33,316
80,849
46,825
34,024
545
615
468
573
638
483
Black
Men
Women
11,776
5,751
6,025
12,190
5,846
6,344
426
468
400
445
488
409
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
10,532
6,716
3,816
10,950
6,788
4,162
370
390
337
385
406
348
SEX AND AGE
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
38. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Median weekly earnings
1998
1999
1998
1999
Total, 16 years and over
20,862
21,065
$156
$164
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
6,501
3,582
2,919
6,570
3,651
2,919
146
119
197
154
124
208
14,361
4,500
9,861
14,495
4,647
9,848
161
118
191
168
121
201
White
Men
Women
17,886
5,470
12,416
18,054
5,523
12,531
157
146
163
165
155
170
Black
Men
Women
2,096
688
1,408
2,135
725
1,410
149
145
151
153
149
155
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1,828
632
1,196
1,847
658
1,190
154
162
150
160
162
159
SEX AND AGE
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
212
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Administrators and officials, public administration
Administrators, protective services
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations ....
Administrators, education and related fields
Managers, medicine and health
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments
Managers, properties and real estate
Management-related occupations
Accountants and auditors
Underwriters
Other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
97,626
$549
55,181
$618
42,444
$473
30,704
14,973
797
792
877
889
878
831
803
1,036
913
759
524
600
704
723
744
758
908
674
643
730
755
15,537
952
967
15,167
6,992
310
11
353
108
65
254
420
462
449
189
2,349
813
80
360
118
326
65
4
73
681
652
725
800
1,033
918
1,041
1,201
610
55
697
181
139
695
703
602
946
338
4,026
1,362
119
684
244
475
140
67
234
15,731
2,084
129
1,945
84
75
255
Professional specialty
Engineers, architects, and surveyors
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Physical scientists, n.e.c
Biological and life scientists
Medical scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Respiratory therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Physicians' assistants
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten
Teachers, elementary school
Teachers, secondary school
Teachers, special education
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
618
259
324
1,638
1,348
242
514
131
50
95
93
539
460
2,219
1,585
165
55
356
69
86
65
58
638
4,259
432
1,837
1,179
326
207
210
183
306
120
See footnotes at end of table.
Number
of
workers
213
1,260
965
1,073
970
1,035
983
1,008
864
873
970
987
762
724
1,192
1,266
760
750
1,159
577
728
689
877
780
908
953
688
440
710
756
677
786
701
700
740
863
7,981
300
44
344
74
74
441
282
1,007
(1)
1,154
1,014
989
1,241
1,076
139
1,006
498
161
617
679
847
891
(1)
923
1,080
727
675
748
772
7,556
1,865
108
1,749
74
62
229
564
939
1,052
983
1,058
1,202
1,312
984
1,087
216
304
1,117
991
1,041
1,056
1,079
952
939
1,002
(1)
801
800
1,342
1,364
887
791
149
1,677
549
39
324
126
149
75
63
959
128
370
100
38
52
54
389
335
368
141
88
8
101
31
28
5
29
397
1,130
9
308
521
53
62
39
32
142
57
1,222
(1)
793
;
1,038
768
(1)
785
803
744
902
847
977
8,175
219
21
197
10
13
25
55
43
19
522
390
115
143
31
12
42
38
150
125
1,851
1,443
77
47
256
38
58
61
29
241
3,129
423
1,529
658
273
144
171
151
164
63
703
742
699
800
819
714
461
578
630
651
653
615
790
653
588
707
707
907
933
956
876
907
781
731
888
852
746
747
1,105
707
808
770
859
659
442
697
722
664
742
684
684
682
774
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
141
Psychologists
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Technical writers
Designers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers .
Photographers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
Athletes
1,177
705
85
295
613
577
1,327
63
453
65
93
56
212
155
54
Median
weekly
earnings
673
596
601
416
657
1,198
1,168
681
861
642
784
595
617
750
735
613
488
618
511
623
619
498
662
690
665
557
582
500
677
761
Number
of
workers
55
542
220
27
256
412
386
722
25
233
45
52
47
113
58
46
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science ..
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants
27,388
3,550
1,304
99
564
313
1,048
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services ..
Insurance sales
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
Sales workers, shoes
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances .
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
9,728
3,275
1,817
523
587
708
622
657
791
747
721
749
329
665
298
302
511
495
426
400
333
335
280
431
5,402
1,924
1,019
447
603
595
678
590
525
528
446
3,322
292
139
259
874
412
212
51
250
86
71
1,122
391
364
399
155
508
1,279
3,324
268
148
57
118
213
204
146
645
94
1,289
117
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
General office
Financial records processing
Distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks .
Computer equipment operators
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
14,109
650
348
77
207
298
292
2,629
See footnotes at end of table.
214
898
589
10,525
1,802
292
77
40
16
716
348
177
44
150
36
46
643
97
405
43
201
173
276
66
302
968
1,475
240
43
33
62
157
163
132
249
34
301
47
282
115
15
140
128
124
47
Median
weekly
earnings
760
654
661
(1 )
676
1,369
1,340
748
(1 )
757
(1 )
647
(1 )
803
881
(1)
626
728
594
709
(1 )
(1 )
673
701
663
(1 )
656
(1 )
(1 )
902
1,050
935
(1)
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
86
634
485
58
38
201
191
604
38
220
20
41
9
98
97
8
623
557
579
417
(1 )
971
974
605
(1 )
512
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
709
684
(1)
16,863
1,749
1,011
431
528
489
593
596
492
625
649
(1 )
(1 )
480
388
(1 )
624
(1 )
788
581
215
99
243
158
64
35
7
100
50
25
479
3
159
270
666
691
821
750
767
979
892
809
792
423
679
(1 )
(1 )
536
512
473
403
392
(1 )
296
(1)
4,326
1,351
539
701
706
(1 )
668
610
612
(1)
10,788
798
190
191
123
88
206
311
1,849
29
104
24
57
56
41
15
396
60
989
70
368
233
62
67
170
168
2,582
399
454
589
539
585
616
626
611
610
296
(1 )
286
(1 )
497
413
(1 )
(1 )
315
303
275
387
427
560
539
622
511
485
485
446
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support occupations
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data-entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers'aides
5,209
602
179
298
659
618
336
243
211
259
592
759
817
740
744
657
751
628
521
393
398
8,318
3,189
313
298
1,467
120
89
218
727
753
249
58
58
206
174
1,480
1,084
127
145
74
117
107
829
298
301
135
96
1,652
232
181
572
398
191
1,596
416
925
98
157
2,593
511
288
594
80
368
10,841
384
157
220
2,138
180
100
221
204
1,079
See footnotes at end of table.
26
4
17
182
17
22
70
30
171
70
10
15
43
32
157
107
16
14
10
29
24
504
156
218
50
80
953
107
71
409
242
65
400
112
219
13
56
448
98
21
110
17
28
67
400
Service occupations, except private household and protective
Food preparation and service occupations
215
Number
of
workers
443
490
454
393
408
315
486
374
440
493
523
434
361
437
440
443
474
428
404
384
377
629
687
697
389
453
448
487
592
411
470
393
473
528
452
481
451
409
419
346
422
432
315
2,162
Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective services
Supervisors
Police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
Guards
Guards and police, except public service
Median
weekly
earnings
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
(1)
(11)
()
2,136
497
(1)
(1)
527
(1)
513
629
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
489
478
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
665
701
714
414
457
485
583
734
419
505
487
536
660
511
(1)
489
483
461
(1)
433
(1)
(1)
1,285
63
382
103
67
147
697
582
179
49
43
162
142
1,322
977
111
131
63
88
83
325
142
82
85
16
700
125
109
163
156
126
1,196
304
706
85
101
2,145
412
267
484
63
341
5,632
156
84
216
202
898
519
153
226
521
501
402
(1)
(1)
(1)
613
815
889
742
745
681
766
645
540
402
403
3,400
1,583
336
311
4,918
1,607
17
1
15
1,791
367
156
205
347
23
16
5
3
181
83
27
72
138
118
Median
weekly
earnings
443
488
455
386
396
308
464
373
421
460
(1)
(1)
349
423
435
440
459
428
400
367
365
575
670
646
382
(1)
417
441
474
388
438
364
453
501
435
468
429
399
413
343
420
401
314
304
240
212
255
492
(n)
(1)
(1)
(1)
574
650
(1)
492
335
368
302
286
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
276
167
652
Supervisors
Bartenders
Waiters and waitresses
Cooks, except short order
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters' and waitresses' assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation occupations
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Pest control
Personal service occupations
Supervisors
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Early childhood teachers' assistants
1,311
108
135
229
312
1,791
127
246
1,418
2,188
153
472
1,496
59
1,150
56
310
140
58
54
266
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Small engine repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment
Data processing equipment repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers ....
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Millwrights
Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Tile setters, hard and soft
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, and apprentices
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
,
Roofers
Structural metalworkers
Extractive occupations
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
11,927
4,263
262
4,001
1,455
635
301
146
54
123
145
546
889
201
281
55
240
74
310
790
72
4,143
504
3,639
128
58
62
962
126
739
134
331
417
87
51
147
55
128
3,393
1,121
See footnotes at end of table.
216
Median
weekly
earnings
342
334
302
302
252
297
286
268
324
377
318
322
321
407
296
324
450
321
470
322
384
604
310
275
594
621
816
613
594
555
588
737
420
584
667
608
698
621
689
755
770
693
580
607
697
566
720
540
546
440
507
518
483
645
731
427
595
501
546
467
634
716
583
668
Number
of
workers
120
97
172
800
46
41
119
188
217
5
49
163
1,303
97
87
1,054
56
298
24
47
83
11
6
10
Median
weekly
earnings
415
334
325
317
(1 )
(1 )
290
266
368
(1 )
(1 )
367
363
472
330
351
450
379
(1 )
(1 )
384
( 11 )
( )
(1)
Number
of
workers
156
70
480
511
62
94
110
124
1,574
123
196
1,255
885
55
385
442
2
852
32
263
57
47
49
256
628
300
142
53
121
144
530
785
606
622
820
615
594
555
588
740
419
586
669
612
703
184
630
17
233
51
210
70
308
754
70
707
760
761
694
579
612
700
571
722
545
564
443
507
518
486
651
730
432
596
501
(1 )
469
634
717
630
704
48
3
30
4
2
36
2
85
9
76
3
2
10,861
4,057
232
3,824
1,436
4,059
495
3,563
125
56
62
950
121
723
133
317
408
85
49
146
55
126
2,619
904
1,066
206
30
176
18
7
1
4
2
1
1
16
104
Median
weekly
earnings
310
334
294
279
247
295
282
270
320
373
317
318
292
317
289
293
(1 )
310
(1 )
323
384
(1 )
(1 )
274
428
592
(1 )
555
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
/1\
(1)
(1 )
616
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
423
(1 )
417
(1 )
(1 )
12
5
17
1
14
9
2
2
1
(1 )
(1 )
2
774
217
(1 )
403
515
/1 X
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
/1 \
(1 )
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Precision metalworking occupations
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Sheet-metalworkers
Precision woodworking occupations
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Water and sewage treatment plant operators
Stationary engineers
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casting machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing press operators
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, exc. food
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Assemblers
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
809
134
461
120
65
54
65
203
26
97
242
174
61
100
94
233
53
109
646
792
610
635
481
465
421
513
(1 )
476
440
428
475
657
654
689
635
620
60
5
28
8
11
4
50
257
38
193
138
64
49
32
30
9
4
-
15,182
6,814
4,368
429
423
416
509
458
490
454
452
385
386
491
477
298
282
268
294
437
361
491
648
462
591
430
342
444
520
412
424
456
520
305
11,685
4,371
2,829
472
487
481
534
505
507
471
473
398
393
526
513
348
326
(1 )
(1 )
487
416
497
657
480
597
473
(1 )
495
525
463
506
530
(1 )
347
3,498
2,444
1,538
62
27
16
32
23
19
10
74
48
534
322
50
90
809
212
16
8
25
2
38
35
589
32
521
316
231
14
69
365
(1 )
368
369
395
(1 )
288
513
514
585
527
534
428
427
761
816
498
4,083
2,927
522
524
621
532
555
498
441
772
820
503
317
257
17
85
8
119
22
2
1
58
394
389
(1 )
412
(1 )
384
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
415
341
129
58
186
69
153
69
1,781
527
1,158
665
487
53
120
4,401
3,184
78
2,493
130
284
149
154
108
1,063
217
of
634
785
604
628
457
454
402
423
465
391
400
400
394
618
619
688
625
621
2,622
See footnotes at end of table.
Number
869
139
489
128
75
58
115
460
64
290
380
237
110
131
123
241
56
109
369
101
113
142
97
138
81
325
256
745
416
67
139
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Supervisors
Truck drivers
Drivers-sales workers
Bus drivers
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles
Rail transportation
Material moving equipment operators
Median
weekly
earnings
307
74
97
110
74
119
71
251
208
211
94
17
48
1,813
129
112
50
161
67
115
34
1,192
496
637
349
256
39
52
61
2,409
122
166
127
152
107
1,005
442
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
350
369
(1 )
359
342
322
(1 )
(1 )
/1 \
(1 )
(1 )
337
340
326
410
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
366
(1 )
282
273
260
266
350
327
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
/1 x
(1 )
(1 )
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Women
Men
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...
229
69
81
63
513
575
580
571
480
448
223
67
79
61
474
579
586
577
477
451
6
2
2
2
39
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations ...
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
Production helpers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction
3,967
106
93
804
53
1,287
578
75
134
199
253
1,107
363
329
336
414
357
361
314
395
314
312
317
373
3,230
103
92
776
42
996
389
45
131
173
107
879
377
330
335
413
(1)
375
320
(1)
313
315
338
393
737
3
2
28
11
291
189
30
3
1,583
72
67
1,441
603
531
838
87
657
58
331
499
499
321
311
304
330
514
322
503
1,364
61
56
1,237
512
463
725
81
614
55
341
525
543
329
317
311
342
539
322
508
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farm managers
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Farmworkers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors, related agricultural
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
Forestry and logging occupations
1
used in the household survey.
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
218
26
147
229
218
11
11
204
91
68
113
6
44
2
Median
weekly
earnings
314
()
318
300
]
305
315
283
277
268
259
288
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
Members of
unions1
Characteristic
Total
employed
Represented
by unions2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Members of
unions1
Total
employed
Represented
by unions2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
116,730
19,164
97,566
29,121
31,865
23,579
10,427
2,574
16,211
1,014
15,198
3,332
5,013
4,737
1,923
193
13.9
5.3
15.6
11.4
15.7
20.1
18.4
7.5
17,918
1,151
16,767
3,711
5,511
5,220
2,110
214
15.4
6.0
17.2
12.7
17.3
22.1
20.2
8.3
118,963
19,606
99,358
28,657
32,438
24,665
10,880
2,718
16,477
1,110
15,367
3,415
4,918
4,881
1,932
221
13.9
5.7
15.5
11.9
15.2
19.8
17.8
8.1
18,182
1,239
16,943
3,785
5,428
5,377
2,107
247
15.3
6.3
17.1
13.2
16.7
21.8
19.4
9.1
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
60,973
9,927
51,046
15,656
16,768
11,874
5,404
1,343
9,850
637
9,213
2,112
3,055
2,771
1,177
98
16.2
6.4
18.0
13.5
18.2
23.3
21.8
7.3
10,638
719
9,919
2,301
3,264
2,982
1,265
108
17.4
7.2
19.4
14.7
19.5
25.1
23.4
8.0
61,914
10,116
51,797
15,330
17,020
12,395
5,622
1,431
9,949
716
9,232
2,142
2,993
2,800
1,186
111
16.1
7.1
17.8
14.0
17.6
22.6
21.1
7.7
10,758
781
9,977
2,325
3,241
3,026
1,267
118
17.4
7.7
19.3
15.2
19.0
24.4
22.5
8.2
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
55,757
9,237
46,520
13,464
15,097
11,705
5,023
1,231
6,362
377
5,985
1,219
1,958
1,967
746
95
11.4
4.1
12.9
9.1
13.0
16.8
14.9
7.7
7,280
432
6,848
1,410
2,248
2,238
845
106
13.1
4.7
14.7
10.5
14.9
19.1
16.8
8.6
57,050
9,489
47,560
13,327
15,418
12,270
5,258
1,287
6,528
393
6,135
1,273
1,924
2,081
746
110
11.4
4.1
12.9
9.6
12.5
17.0
14.2
8.5
7,425
458
6,966
1,460
2,187
2,351
839
129
13.0
4.8
14.6
11.0
14.2
19.2
16.0
10.0
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
97,531
51,700
45,831
13,118
8,166
4,952
13.5
15.8
10.8
14,460
8,788
5,673
14.8
17.0
12.4
99,147
52,492
46,655
13,349
8,246
5,103
13.5
15.7
10.9
14,668
8,896
5,771
14.8
16.9
12.4
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
13,894
6,452
7,443
2,460
1,337
1,123
17.7
20.7
15.1
2,739
1,458
1,282
19.7
22.6
17.2
14,346
6,585
7,760
2,463
1,348
1,116
17.2
20.5
14.4
2,757
1,464
1,293
19.2
22.2
16.7
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
12,374
7,360
5,015
1,471
937
534
11.9
12.7
10.6
1,634
1,017
617
13.2
13.8
12.3
12,810
7,457
5,353
1,525
966
559
11.9
13.0
10.4
1,684
1,052
632
13.1
14.1
11.8
95,595
20,862
14,825
1,354
15.5
6.5
16,323
1,559
17.1
7.5
97,626
21,065
14,974
1,459
15.3
6.9
16,501
1,634
16.9
7.8
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS3
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours
usually worked. Beginning in 1994, these data will not sum to totals because
full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small
number of multiple jobholders.
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not
their businesses are incorporated. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
219
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
41. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation and selected characteristics
1999
1998
Total
Members of
unions
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total
Members of
unions
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
$523
319
572
502
597
620
592
405
$659
415
673
595
683
716
697
610
$653
410
667
591
678
712
692
597
$499
315
537
489
576
592
560
383
$549
341
592
518
611
652
604
404
$672
437
688
604
691
750
696
616
$667
433
683
601
687
745
697
623
$516
335
569
506
594
617
582
381
Men, 16 years and over
16to 24years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
598
334
639
544
677
732
699
482
699
430
712
618
722
755
738
657
696
424
709
615
719
755
737
659
573
326
617
524
660
719
674
445
618
356
668
577
702
763
725
470
711
449
727
627
735
789
735
666
708
443
726
623
734
787
737
665
599
348
648
560
691
751
718
421
Women, 16 years and over
16to 24years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
456
305
485
451
498
516
476
350
596
389
605
542
605
651
602
593
382
602
542
605
645
596
522
430
301
463
439
479
488
448
329
473
324
497
470
503
534
492
370
608
418
618
557
612
686
623
567
606
416
616
555
611
679
621
596
449
321
477
457
486
502
467
329
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
545
615
468
$683
719
610
678
716
607
513
591
443
573
638
483
692
731
619
689
730
618
534
615
461
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
426
468
400
578
597
537
572
592
533
398
424
376
445
488
409
575
588
548
575
589
545
415
459
388
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
370
390
337
540
585
478
541
584
481
350
367
322
385
406
348
561
604
490
559
597
490
363
384
329
Characteristic
SEX AND AGE
3
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers. Excluded
are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses
are incorporated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
220
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
1998
Members of
unions
Occupation and industry
Total
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Members of
unions
Represented
by unions2
Total
employed
Percent
of
employed
Represented
by unions2
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
5,015
1,017
3,998
15.2
6.6
22.7
34,693
16,000
18,693
4,594
903
3,691
13.2
5.6
19.7
5,352
1,138
4,215
3,677
498
620
2,558
10.4
35,514
12.0
4.6
4,188
3,191
461
549
9.0
11.0
4.1
12.2
3,609
523
613
2,474
2,398
1,048
1,350
14.5
43.7
9.5
16,829
2,427
2,151
1,224
2,336
991
1,346
13.9
40.8
14,403
12.8
38.2
8.5
Total
Total.
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
33,102
15,473
17,629
4,252
812
3,440
12.8
5.2
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
35,379
4,150
3,239
433
544
2,262
9.2
10.4
Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service
16,594
2,399
2,209
991
14,195
1,218
41.3
8.6
Precision production, craft, and repair
12,274
2,708
22.1
2,834
23.1
12,474
2,800
22.4
2,929
23.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,443
7,498
4,935
5,010
3,713
3,894
1,672
1,267
956
22.3
22.3
25.7
19.1
17,514
7,255
5,041
5,218
3,627
1,490
906
21.3
21.4
24.4
18.1
989
20.7
20.5
22.8
18.9
3,830
1,572
1,216
1,042
21.9
21.7
24.1
20.0
1,938
90
4.6
100
5.2
1,940
113
5.8
125
6.4
98,329
1,739
9,306
26
9,280
72
9.5
10,104
31
10,073
79
1,093
9,419
43
9,376
57
9.4
2.5
9.5
1,056
9.6
12.2
17.8
10.3
1.8
10.4
13.4
18.4
100,025
1.5
10.2
2.8
10.3
11.4
19.6
19,763
11,999
7,763
3,127
1,990
1,138
15.8
16.6
14.7
3,315
2,097
1,218
16.8
17.5
15.7
19,323
11,824
7,147
4,316
2,831
1,843
1,108
735
25.8
25.7
26.0
1,931
1,156
775
27.0
26.8
27.4
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
24,230
4,425
19,805
1,283
259
1,024
5.3
5.9
5.2
1,387
275
1,113
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
7,420
31,493
150
1,750
2.0
5.6
18,401
3,269
5,150
9,982
6,905
1,105
1,431
4,370
37.5
33.8
27.8
43.8
Farming, forestry, and fishing
13,378
17,851
1,603
1,204
19.5
4.1
12.7
13.3
14.3
13,451
17,874
2,182
927
1,148
15.4
7.1
22.5
10.2
12.5
4.6
13.8
9.3
INDUSTRY
Private wage and salary workers
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
Government workers
Federal
State
Local
96,590
589
5,946
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
1,187
10.6
19.1
10,216
48
10,168
60
1,224
3,024
1,941
1,083
15.6
16.4
14.4
3,209
2,063
1,146
16.6
17.5
15.3
7,317
4,450
2,866
1,865
25.5
25.5
25.4
1,956
1,186
770
26.7
26.7
26.9
5.7
6.2
5.6
24,671
4,573
20,098
1,278
248
1,030
5.2
5.4
5.1
1,406
281
1,126
5.7
6.1
5.6
195
2,073
2.6
6.6
7,588
32,645
156
1,809
2.1
5.5
191
2,121
2.5
6.5
7,815
1,299
1,667
4,849
42.5
39.7
32.4
48.6
18,938
3,264
5,233
7,058
1,047
1,527
4,484
37.3
32.1
29.2
42.9
7,966
1,275
1,781
4,911
42.1
39.0
34.0
47.0
1,721
98,304
531
6,230
7,499
10,440
1,136
729
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not
their businesses are incorporated. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.
221
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
43. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry
1999
1998
Occupation and industry
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
$759
755
763
$789
801
787
$774
789
772
$756
753
759
$797
792
800
$826
823
826
$819
829
817
$792
789
794
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
477
599
502
438
575
708
496
563
569
688
492
558
463
590
502
418
488
618
523
447
583
714
513
574
580
711
519
564
477
608
523
429
Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service
327
598
305
557
736
403
542
732
402
305
450
295
336
592
311
536
737
412
529
728
409
314
477
303
Precision production, craft, and repair
572
753
747
514
594
755
747
546
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
415
406
510
585
559
655
580
556
644
381
375
468
429
423
513
591
572
668
584
566
657
398
394
478
351
514
514
326
363
507
499
340
Farming, forestry, and fishing
302
471
462
299
331
512
514
322
505
315
509
684
534
625
(3)
$626
733
790
619
(3)
$620
723
783
493
314
496
673
496
521
340
525
734
552
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
551
581
507
606
629
565
603
625
562
532
566
495
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
624
570
727
731
704
763
724
695
760
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
410
562
373
480
611
442
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
577
498
620
694
596
612
OCCUPATION
INDUSTRY
Private wage and salary workers
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Mining
Construction
Government workers
Federal
State
Local
,
633
627
(3)
$634
(3)
$628
710
778
731
772
510
337
513
735
509
576
594
529
614
628
584
611
625
579
561
584
518
586
519
699
651
596
751
748
727
773
742
718
770
613
551
738
476
604
439
405
557
369
421
573
391
499
584
472
492
570
463
418
573
387
545
540
554
548
578
494
598
517
582
554
587
563
599
515
694
690
646
712
688
693
638
702
558
696
563
501
641
729
615
623
714
721
683
726
709
723
677
720
585
737
578
525
3
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers.
Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their
businesses are incorporated. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
222
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
Table 44. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by
selected characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
hourly-paid
workers
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
72,306
16,636
55,670
2,194
1,064
1,130
1,146
632
514
3,340
1,695
1,644
4.6
10.2
3.0
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
36,073
8,556
27,517
768
410
358
446
289
157
1,214
699
515
3.4
8.2
1.9
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
36,233
8,080
28,153
1,426
654
772
700
343
357
2,126
996
1,129
12.3
4.0
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
58,999
29,906
29,093
1,803
602
1,200
895
356
539
2,698
958
1,740
4.6
3.2
6.0
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
10,126
4,632
5,494
298
126
173
217
74
144
516
199
316
5.1
4.3
5.8
9,402
5,490
3,913
275
126
148
238
105
133
513
232
281
5.5
4.2
7.2
Full-time workers
Men
Women
54,931
30,582
24,349
948
383
565
372
169
203
1,320
552
768
2.4
1.8
3.2
Part-time workers
Men
Women
17,227
5,410
1,238
383
855
772
276
496
2,011
11.7
12.2
11.4
5.9
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
AND SEX1
11,817
1
The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on
hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or
part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number
of multiple jobholders.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in
1999. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated
self-employed. They refer to a person's earnings on their sole or
principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates.
Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included. The
659
1,351
presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage
does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act,
as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In
addition, some survey respondents might have rounded hourly earnings
to the nearest dollar, and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below
the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or
higher. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
223
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
Table 45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation
and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Workers paid hourly rates
Occupation and industry
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
hourly-paid workers
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
10,078
4,260
5,818
91
33
58
37
17
21
129
50
79
1.3
1.2
1.4
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
22,763
2,750
7,445
12,568
333
17
186
130
361
10
231
120
694
27
417
251
3.1
1.0
5.6
2.0
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service workers
Health service workers
Cleaning and building service workers
Personal service workers
13,438
425
470
11
14
445
253
40
79
73
1,894
156
33
1,705
1,299
92
163
150
14.1
36.8
2.1
11,440
5,451
2,213
2,370
1,406
1,424
145
19
1,260
1,047
52
84
77
9,781
51
14
64
.7
14,882
6,577
3,567
4,737
245
75
44
126
198
57
27
115
444
132
71
241
3.0
2.0
2.0
5.1
1,364
50
65
114
8.4
63,557
1,156
62,401
322
4,687
2,080
36
2,045
4
42
1,028
54
974
2
10
3,109
90
3,019
6
52
4.9
7.8
4.8
1.9
1.1
13,000
8,023
4,976
98
42
55
63
21
42
160
63
97
1.2
.8
2.0
4,122
2,604
1,518
30
25
5
22
17
5
53
42
11
1.6
.7
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Eating and drinking places
17,859
2,396
15,463
5,209
1,276
29
1,247
1,008
540
15
525
268
1,817
44
1,772
1,276
1.9
11.5
24.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate
3,001
19,410
487
18,922
1,860
1,310
38
557
152
405
106
67
8
328
11
317
47
55
47
885
163
722
153
122
1.6
4.6
33.5
3.8
8.2
9.3
8,749
1,829
2,124
4,796
113
13
25
75
117
9
50
58
231
22
75
133
2.6
1.2
3.5
2.8
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1,574
14.9
23.8
4.2
6.9
10.7
INDUSTRY
Private wage and salary workers
Agriculture
Nonagriculture industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
„
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Personal services, except private households ..
Entertainment and recreation services
Government workers
Federal
State
Local
10.2
necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions
to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents
might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and, as a result, reported
hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum
wage or higher.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in 1999. Data
are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated self-employed. They refer
to a person's earnings on their sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who
are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not
1.3
224
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
46. Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Lost worktime rate2
1
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Absence rate
Total
employed
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
97,740
2,256
9,131
86,353
76,092
10,261
3.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.2
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.5
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.1
.7
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.4
2.3
0.6
.5
.7
.5
.6
.3
55,161
1,352
5,112
48,696
42,882
5,814
2.8
3.1
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.6
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.1
3.1
.6
.7
.5
.6
.6
.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.4
2.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
2.0
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
42,579
904
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.1
5.1
3.5
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
4.1
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.6
1.7
.9
2.7
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.0
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.5
1.0
.8
1.3
.9
1.0
.4
4,018
37,657
33,210
4,447
1
Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work
35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference
week for one of the following reasons: Own illness, injury, or medical
problems; child-care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or
military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in
which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor
dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer
only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of
225
workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The
estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do
not match those in other tables because the estimates in this table are
based on the full CPS sample and those in the other tables are based on a
quarter of the sample only.
2
Hours absent as a percent of hours usually worked.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
47. Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
1999
Occupation and industry
Absence rate
Total
employed
Total
Illness or
injury
Lost worktime rate 2
1
Other
reasons
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
30,854
15,121
15,733
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.1
2.0
2.3
1.0
.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.6
.5
.7
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
27,508
3,576
9,793
14,139
4.1
4.3
3.0
4.8
3.0
3.3
2.1
3.5
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
2.1
2.2
1.6
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.7
.6
.6
.5
.7
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10,722
11,952
15,105
1,600
4.5
3.6
4.4
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.5
2.3
1.3
.8
.9
.8
2.4
2.0
2.5
1.6
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.3
.6
.4
.5
.3
1,415
80,236
523
5,832
3.0
3.7
3.3
3.5
2.2
2.7
2.4
2.6
.8
1.0
.9
.9
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.4
18,338
11,358
6,980
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.0
3.0
2.8
.9
.9
.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.6
6,578
3,861
2,717
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.5
.7
.7
.7
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.4
17,223
4,198
13,025
3.5
3.0
3.6
2.5
2.2
2.6
1.0
.8
1.1
1.8
1.4
1.9
1.3
1.1
1.4
6,721
25,021
16,089
3.6
4.0
4.4
2.4
2.8
3.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.8
2.1
2.3
1.1
1.3
1.7
INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
1
Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work
35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference
week for one of the following reasons: Own illness, injury, or medical
problems; child-care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or
military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in
which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor
dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer
only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of
226
workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The
estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do
not match those in other tables because the estimates in this table are
based on the full CPS sample and those in the other tables are based on a
quarter of the sample only.
2
Hours absent as a percent of hours usually worked.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
1998
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status and age
1999
Percent of
labor force
Number
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,773
5,950
741
2,237
2,972
1,822
7,761
5,497
513
1,868
3,116
2,263
6,526
5,313
662
2,011
2,641
1,213
6,381
4,842
452
1,645
2,745
1,539
6,348
5,163
637
1,955
2,571
1,184
6,200
4,703
431
1,593
2,679
1,497
179
150
24
56
70
29
180
139
20
52
66
42
2.7
2.8
3.7
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.8
2.9
4.5
3.2
2.4
2.7
20,304
9,218
6,796
4,290
21,289
9,426
7,323
4,540
18,403
8,512
6,190
3,701
19,291
8,716
6,655
3,920
17,879
8,269
6,020
3,590
18,784
8,482
6,484
3,818
523
242
170
111
507
234
171
101
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1999, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
227
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
49. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age
Black
White
Nonveterans
Hispanic origin
Black
White
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
1999
1998
5,272
4,741
4,614
127
2.7
4,862
4,334
4,219
115
2.6
552
463
444
20
4.2
510
407
388
19
4.7
251
219
215
4
1.9
239
209
206
3
1.3
604
540
524
17
3.1
426
381
367
14
3.8
113
96
5
5.0
72
61
56
5
8.4
48
42
41
1
2.7
29
26
26
1,629
192
154
146
8
4.9
87
74
72
1
1.9
75
66
64
2
2.6
5,749
5,301
5,166
2.9
237
201
190
11
5.4
2,807
2,500
2,442
58
2.3
201
162
158
4
2.4
246
193
186
7
3.5
116
103
102
2
1.6
135
3,589
3,152
3,066
86
2.7
1999
Hispanic origin
1998
1999
1998
1999
17,134 17,966
15,748 16,509
15,346 16,115
394
403
2.4
2.6
2,136
1,719
1,628
2,237
1,810
91
5.3
1,726
84
4.6
2,085
1,850
1,763
87
4.7
2,143
1,889
1,806
83
4.4
7,966
7,452
7,271
181
2.4
962
796
747
48
6.1
986
832
791
41
4.9
970
884
843
42
4.7
984
893
860
33
3.7
6,189
718
590
563
27
4.5
781
634
603
31
4.9
674
596
571
24
4.1
667
591
561
29
5.0
456
333
317
16
4.8
469
344
332
12
3.5
441
370
349
20
5.5
493
406
385
20
5.0
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
101
7,796
7,296
7,114
182
2.5
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,951
1,767
1,722
45
2.5
1,453
1,410
43
135
2.5
5,709
5,577
132
2.3
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
2,718
2,433
2,368
65
2.7
1
.8
3,811
3,348
3,267
81
2.4
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
118
117
228
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
(In thousands)
Industry
1996
1997
1998
1999P
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,610
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,450
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240
580
53.8
97.7
322.0
106.2
596
53.6
96.0
339.0
107.8
590
50.4
91.6
339.2
108.8
535
48.6
84.8
293.1
108.6
5,418
1,257.2
776.8
3,383.6
5,691
1,309.6
798.9
3,582.3
5,985
1,372.3
838.3
3,774.1
6,273
1,433.7
861.9
3,977.3
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,432
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10,789
778.4
504.3
543.8
710.5
240.2
1,448.7
2,114.6
361.8
1,660.6
616.6
1,784.9
966.8
458.1
855.4
387.8
11,010
796.0
512.2
552.4
710.7
234.9
1,478.5
2,167.8
375.9
1,689.3
650.3
1,845.2
985.6
500.6
866.0
391.5
11,170
813.0
530.4
563.2
711.6
231.5
1,500.8
2,202.7
379.1
1,703.9
660.0
1,884.0
989.8
523.7
867.6
392.5
10,986
826.4
540.0
569.1
689.6
222.3
1,488.5
2,128.9
360.1
1,661.9
639.0
1,855.2
1,000.2
489.7
838.9
387.1
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
7,706
1,691.9
41.4
626.5
867.7
683.6
1,540.3
1,033.8
142.1
982.7
95.7
7,665
1,685.3
41.4
616.1
823.6
683.1
1,552.4
1,035.8
141.0
996.1
90.5
7,602
1,685.6
40.6
598.1
763.3
674.7
1,564.7
1,042.8
140.3
1,008.9
82.9
7,446
1,685.0
38.6
561.4
684.2
658.9
1,553.5
1,035.0
137.3
1,018.6
73.7
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,370
6,253
4,019
230.9
436.9
1,636.8
174.1
1,107.4
14.5
418.2
2,234
1,350.6
883.7
6,408
4,123
226.5
452.4
1,676.7
178.7
1,133.9
14.2
440.5
2,285
1,419.3
865.8
6,600
4,276
230.7
467.9
1,744.9
180.0
1,183.2
13.9
455.2
2,324
1,469.4
854.7
6,791
4,425
230.4
482.1
1,812.2
180.8
1,237.4
13.3
468.6
2,366
1,521.7
844.7
6,482
3,805
2,677
6,648
3,927
2,721
6,831
4,042
2,789
7,003
4,146
2,857
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit ...
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.
229
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1996
1997
1998
1999P
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
21,597
893.7
2,701.8
2,367.4
3,435.5
2,266.7
1,030.5
1,098.4
975.2
7,516.6
2,708.5
21,966
929.2
2,700.8
2,379.5
3,478.1
2,310.8
1,046.1
1,108.5
998.8
7,645.7
2,793.9
22,296
947.7
2,729.7
2,425.5
3,481.5
2,341.2
1,047.8
1,142.7
1,026.0
7,760.1
2,867.3
22,784
987.2
2,773.4
2,470.9
3,483.2
2,405.8
1,081.6
1,181.2
1,084.7
7,902.9
2,965.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
6,911
3,303
2,018.6
1,458.3
265.8
522.0
233.0
553.0
209.9
2,226
1,517.1
708.6
1,382
7,109
3,424
2,027.2
1,462.5
259.8
577.3
262.7
596.0
223.2
2,264
1,538.8
725.2
1,421
7,407
3,593
2,042.2
1,468.4
257.7
658.1
327.9
644.8
248.0
2,344
1,597.5
746.3
1,471
7,633
3,707
2,047.6
1,465.9
255.6
713.8
364.8
679.0
266.1
2,401
1,634.4
766.9
1,525
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
34,454
627.2
1,715.0
1,180.2
7,293.0
906.8
2,653.5
2,352.4
1,227.7
1,080.0
371.8
524.7
1,476.1
9,477.9
1,678.3
1,730.4
3,811.5
674.6
927.5
2,029.9
2,412.6
564.7
676.8
85.4
2,201.4
2,844.3
836.2
869.5
47.1
36,040
678.2
1,745.7
1,185.9
7,987.5
930.2
2,985.0
2,656.3
1,409.4
1,119.6
374.1
550.4
1,552.3
9,702.7
1,739.0
1,756.2
3,860.4
710.4
944.4
2,103.6
2,517.7
575.9
715.5
90.1
2,276.6
2,987.8
865.2
938.8
49.3
37,526
705.5
1,775.8
1,194.7
8,584.0
950.3
3,229.7
2,871.6
1,599.3
1,144.1
381.9
573.4
1,600.8
9,845.9
1,802.9
1,762.0
3,926.1
671.6
972.5
2,177.1
2,643.8
604.5
746.7
92.6
2,361.1
3,185.3
905.2
1,033.9
52.1
38,999
758.1
1,798.1
1,205.9
9,124.3
988.0
3,406.6
3,018.7
1,780.5
1,184.5
396.8
600.0
1,694.5
9,972.7
1,865.7
1,755.1
3,970.0
654.4
1,001.8
2,269.4
2,782.3
632.0
780.9
94.4
2,401.7
3,420.1
944.0
1,158.0
56.8
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
19,419
2,757
1,900.9
4,606
1,910.7
2,695.0
12,056
6,748.1
5,308.1
19,557
2,699
1,841.5
4,582
1,904.0
2,677.9
12,276
6,918.3
5,357.2
19,819
2,686
1,819.3
4,612
1,916.3
2,695.1
12,521
7,081.5
5,439.5
20,160
2,669
1,795.7
4,695
1,952.7
2,742.7
12,795
7,264.5
5,530.9
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.
230
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
51. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Industry
1996
1997
1998
1999P
82,092
84,541
86,762
88,716
17,405
17,772
18,019
17,915
430
450
448
404
4,199
4,415
4,641
4,849
12,776
12,907
12,930
12,662
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
7,386
639.6
398.4
423.1
553.4
184.5
1,088.3
1,320.9
1,056.0
1,209.6
763.6
423.1
273.3
7,553
655.0
406.8
430.9
555.4
180.9
1,114.8
1,364.1
1,068.6
1,255.8
779.1
427.0
274.8
7,643
668.1
422.5
439.8
557.4
179.1
1,131.4
1,390.8
1,068.2
1,258.2
760.3
432.2
274.2
7,512
677.7
430.5
444.6
538.4
172.5
1,118.8
1,342.5
1,035.7
1,230.6
762.6
424.2
268.4
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,390
1,253.7
32.0
529.4
711.2
519.0
841.3
575.4
92.0
762.0
73.9
5,354
1,251.7
31.9
522.3
672.6
520.9
847.3
572.7
93.0
772.5
68.8
5,287
1,252.8
31.6
506.5
614.0
514.2
845.0
586.0
92.5
782.5
62.3
5,151
1,256.9
28.3
474.9
544.8
499.6
828.3
582.5
90.6
790.5
54.6
64,687
66,769
68,743
70,801
Transportation and public utilities
5,260
5,366
5,471
5,628
Wholesale trade
5,238
5,355
5,476
5,613
19,002
19,337
19,591
20,036
5,043
5,193
5,442
5,590
30,144
31,518
32,763
33,935
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.
231
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
52. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
1996
1997
1998
1999P
1996
1997
1998
1999P
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5
$11.82
$12.28
$12.78
$13.24 $406.61 $424.89 $442.19 $456.78
41.1
41.3
41.0
41.0
13.47
13.92
14.34
14.82
553.62
574.90
587.94
607.62
Mining
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.9
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.05
707.59
733.21
741.91
748.50
Construction
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07
Manufacturing
Overtime
41.6
4.5
42.0
4.8
41.7
4.6
41.7
4.6
12.77
(2)
13.17
(2)
13.49
(2)
13.91
(2)
531.23
(2)
553.14
(2)
562.53
(2)
580.05
(2)
Durable goods
Overtime
42.4
4.8
42.8
5.1
42.3
4.8
42.3
4.8
13.33
(2)
13.73
(2)
13.98
(2)
14.40
(2)
565.19
(2)
587.64
(2)
591.35
(2)
609.12
(2)
40.8
39.4
43.3
44.2
44.5
42.4
43.1
41.5
44.0
44.9
41.7
39.7
41.0
40.2
43.2
44.9
44.9
42.6
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.0
42.0
40.4
41.1
40.6
43.5
44.2
44.6
42.3
42.8
41.4
43.4
43.5
41.3
39.9
41.1
40.3
43.4
44.2
44.8
42.2
42.2
41.4
43.8
45.0
41.5
39.8
10.44
10.15
12.82
14.97
17.80
12.50
13.59
12.18
17.19
17.74
13.13
10.38
10.76
10.55
13.18
15.22
18.03
12.78
14.07
12.70
17.55
18.04
13.52
10.60
11.10
10.90
13.60
15.49
18.43
13.06
14.47
13.09
17.53
17.86
13.81
10.89
11.47
11.23
13.91
15.85
18.87
13.46
15.02
13.45
18.09
18.47
14.17
11.33
425.95
399.91
555.11
661.67
792.10
530.00
585.73
505.47
756.36
796.53
547.52
412.09
441.16
424.11
569.38
683.38
809.55
544.43
613.45
533.40
780.98
811.80
567.84
428.24
456.21
442.54
591.60
684.66
821.98
552.44
619.32
541.93
760.80
776.91
570.35
434.51
471.42
452.57
603.69
700.57
845.38
568.01
633.84
556.83
792.34
831.15
588.06
450.93
40.5
4.1
40.9
4.4
40.9
4.3
40.9
4.4
11.97
(2)
12.34
(2)
12.76
(2)
13.18
(2)
484.79
(2)
504.71
(2)
521.88
(2)
539.06
(2)
41.0
40.0
40.6
37.0
43.3
38.2
43.2
43.6
41.5
38.1
41.3
38.9
41.4
37.3
43.7
38.5
43.2
43.1
41.8
38.4
41.7
38.3
41.0
37.3
43.4
38.3
43.2
43.6
41.7
37.6
41.8
40.0
41.0
37.4
43.5
38.2
43.0
43.2
41.7
37.8
11.20
19.35
9.69
7.96
11.48
19.24
10.03
8.25
15.05
13.06
16.57
20.20
11.57
8.97
11.80
18.55
10.39
8.52
15.51
13.45
17.12
20.92
11.87
9.32
12.10
19.03
10.71
8.87
15.98
13.83
17.48
21.46
12.31
9.69
459.20
774.00
393.41
294.52
635.21
483.23
698.54
842.35
466.46
326.52
474.12
748.44
415.24
307.73
657.69
502.81
715.82
870.62
483.63
344.45
492.06
710.47
425.99
317.80
673.13
515.14
739.58
912.11
494.98
350.43
505.78
761.20
439.11
331.74
695.13
528.31
751.64
927.07
513.33
366.28
32.7
32.9
32.9
32.8
11.73
12.27
12.74
368.20
385.92
403.68
417.87
Transportation and public utilities
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7
14.92
15.31
15.66
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.04
Wholesale trade
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4
13.45
14.06
14.60
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.64
Retail trade
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0
8.33
8.73
9.08
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32
Finance, insurance, and real estate
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2
13.34
14.06
14.61
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88
Services
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6
12.28
12.85
13.39
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.51
Total private
Goods-producing
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and
services.
2
Not available.
14.67
12.65
16.17
19.32
11.24
8.57
11.26
14.45
12.87
7.99
12.80
11.79
1996
1997
1998
1999P
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
232
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
233
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
ment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemploy-
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
234
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
235
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
236
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w/Z-and part-time labor force.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
White, blacky and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
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the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
238
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
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the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
240
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls
used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior
years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
241
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new State based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-
ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
242
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of ad-
243
ditional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present
Households eligible
Number of sample
areas
Interviewed
68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800
1
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200
Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.
3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
/. Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces per-
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
244
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various
sonnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
245
Table 1 -B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
Consecutivemonth change
293
312
145
216
235
161
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
194
206
97
164
174
113
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
219
224
91
165
171
105
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
97
96
62
95
95
81
138
140
66
101
105
76
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
78
71
43
69
72
50
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
98
97
44
73
74
51
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
40
35
32
42
37
37
130
134
63
91
107
73
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
Monthly
level
Category
246
Table 1 -C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54
0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67
.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80
.38
.34
.45
.40
.49
.55
.58
.66
.73
.73
.87
.87
.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15
.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18
.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18
.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the
247
Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330
Black
13
18
39
55
76
Total or
white
Black
Hispanic
origin
12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228
13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101
13
19
42
59
82
113
Total
White
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159
Black
13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000 ....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73
Black
12
17
37
52
72
Total or
white
14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215
Black
Hispanic
origin
16
22
50
69
95
127
15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47
248
Total
White
Black
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79
10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76
force (x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.
table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
f 120,000,000-116,150,000^ (
{120,000,000 -100,000,000 J v
a = -0.000017962
Sx = 7(-°-0°0017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.
)=.
'
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
a - -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.
b = 4191.84
Sx = 7<0.000093662X6,100,000)2 + (4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.
sx - V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor
b - 2957.13
249
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
2690.59
V 5,650,000-(33X100-33)
- 1.0 percent
Characteristic
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805
2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62
White1
-.000020028
Men
-.000036840
Women
-.000033710
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .... -.000204195
2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88
Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....
-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516
3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48
Hispanic origin
-.000206380
3895.71
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
.000005931
828.79
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
.000782035
.000858136
3048.57
2825.09
-.000024885
2582.39
Black
-.000134884
3154.76
.011857446
2894.85
.015736341
1702.50
-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820
2957.13
3149.77
3576.47
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Excludes not-in-labor-force data.
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
/ 2529 99
(32X100-32) - 1.0 percent
5,600,000
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
250
Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1
-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162
2001.12
1564.84
2550.56
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387
1921.13
1500.99
2668.56
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000021229
-.000059785
1689.99
2690.59
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000186555
2616.54
Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000098960
-.001928030
2147.36
6513.82
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000234427
-.002881467
2280.03
5829.60
-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452
1860.78
5420.13
3131.77
-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038
2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42
-.000398909
-.000338741
3615.62
2569.69
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289
3838.04
3959.25
2367.00
Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000122355
-.019110769
2861.72
5876.77
.002872129
.002884390
-.000245791
4640.81
4028.10
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...
-.000093662
-.000071624
4191.84
5121.75
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000414217
.000048170
4361.16
3088.91
Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...
-.000252897
-.000996431
5054.25
7037.75
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Self-employed
2091.57
2
Unemployment:
1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.
2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
251
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
b - 3139.26
S x = 7(-O.OOOl253OO)(l l,600,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000
S x = ^(-0.000125300X11,400,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
252
Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at http:\\stats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-
sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
253
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-(100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig254
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
255
ESTIMATING METHODS
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
256
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers
Average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Average hourly earnings
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-
ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.
257
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias
adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in
and of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1988-98
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1998 is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1997 through March 1998. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari258
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1988-98
(In thousands)
Average monthly bias
Benchmark
Year
1
2
3
4
Over-the-year
employment
change5
Employment
Revision
Added
Required
1988
1989
86,180
89,015
-310
-93
114
131
88
123
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040
103,965
-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518
85
85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130
150
63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173
157
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882
2,925
1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
259
of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The volume of these corrections has often been quite large and had substantial
effects on universe employment distributions at the industry levels, but effects on total nonfarm employment have
been minimal. In 1999, BLS and its State partners completed a multi-year conversion to a new refiling schedule,
which uses a random selection method to target one-third
Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S, 2 and S 9 2 .
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1998
Sample coverage1
Industry
Benchmarks
(thousands)
Employees
Number of
establishments
Number
(thousands)
Percent
of
benchmarks
S difference
124,050
304,495
42,498
34
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
592
5,474
18,805
2,853
24,798
51,168
212
994
8,287
36
18
44
public utilities.....
6,497
6,742
21,724
15,925
23,106
56,653
2,071
1,072
4,469
32
16
21
21,510
72,329
1,981
8,057
27
22
2,662
4,004
8,689
100
85
68
Total
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
S change
=
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local
+ s 2 - 2pSjS2
If Si = S2, then:
S change
2,662
4,702
12,721
3
7,566
8,140
20,447
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and earnings
estimates are derived from a sample.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
=
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process
7,269
36,862
2
260
Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision
March 1998
benchmark revision
Level
Percent
Actual
Absolute
44
(1)
0.1
0.3
85
0.1
.1
.3
91
.4
.2
.7
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
15
0
1
14
1
2.5
0
1.1
4.1
1.0
-.2
-1.9
-.7
.3
-.4
1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.6
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
15
-22
12
25
.3
-1.7
1.7
.7
-.2
-.6
.9
-.2
1.1
2.4
2.1
1.0
61
.3
.3
.7
75
.7
.4
.8
9
7
1
0
-1
12
14
4
6
-6
11
1
1
9
7
1.1
1.3
.2
0
-.4
.8
.6
1.0
.3
-.9
.6
.1
.2
1.0
1.8
.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
.4
.3
.3
.2
.4
1.0
1.2
.9
.4
1.8
1.1
.7
.7
1.1
.6
1.0
1.3
.7
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5
-14
-.2
.2
.7
-18
0
1
-6
-7
-1
6
5
3
1
-1.1
0
.2
-.8
-1.0
-.1
.6
3.6
.3
1.2
.2
-.2
.1
.3
.4
-.2
.1
.2
1.0
.1
.9
3.4
.9
1.4
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.1
2.2
-47
(1)
.1
.3
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
41
54
-1
5
31
-6
19
0
6
-13
-13
0
.6
1.3
-.4
1.0
1.8
-3.5
1.6
0
1.3
-.6
-.9
0
-.2
-.4
-1.0
-.4
-1.6
.4
2.2
-.6
-.8
.2
.3
-.1
1.0
1.5
1.0
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
2.8
1.1
1.8
.7
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
-2
-25
23
-.6
.8
(D
-.3
-.3
-.3
1.1
1.3
1.0
"Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electric
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