Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 1998
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
January 1998
f897 annual averages
Revised seasonally adjusted
household data
Data on union affiliation
Median weekly earnings for
detailed occupations
Employee absences
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
January 1998
Vol. 45 No.1
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commisioner
Calendar of Features
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
E&E—Employment and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), is
prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications
and Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce) and State
employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these
agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered from: New
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questions concerning the data in this publication should be
directed as follows: Household data, (202) 606-6373,
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and area establishment data, 606-6559; and State and area
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Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Jan.
Union affiliation
Jan.
Earnings by detailed occupation
Jan.
Employee absences
Jan.
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Jan.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail
March, June
Women employees
March, June
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors
June
Revised historical national data
Internet1
State and area annual revisions
March
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual revisions
March
Annual averages
May
1
They can be accessed from http://stats.bls.gov/cgi-bin/dsrv7ee or through
the Current Employment Statistics homepage at http://stats.bls.gov/
ceshome.htm.
Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker
Editors' Note
With this issue, seasonally adjusted unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population
Survey (household survey) have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors which incorporate the experience through December 1997. As a result, seasonally adjusted data for 1994-97 are subject to revision. Revised current data
appear in table A, tables A-l through A-12, and D-l through D-10.
The article beginning on page 3 discusses the effects of the revisions, describes the seasonal adjustment method, and
includes the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the major civilian labor force series for January-June
1998.
Historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the Internet. Internet users can access
these data from the ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf directory.
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1997
Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
ii
vii
1
3
7
227
264
Statistical tables
Historical
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Seasonall
y
adjusted
9
11
21
45
49
54
66
79
79
46
62
98
121
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
125
127
Household data:
Quarterly
Annual averages
138
Establishment data:
Annual averages
Not
seasonally
adjusted
Other
features
132
132
148
162
223
Monthly Household Data
Page
Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
9
10
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
11
12
14
Characteristics of the Employed
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex
15
16
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-ll.
A-12.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
17
18
19
20
20
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-l3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
21
24
25
27
Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
28
29
30
31
32
32
33
34
35
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
36
37
38
39
40
40
41
42
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
42
Multiple Jobholders
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
43
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
44
Monthly Establishment Data
Page
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
45
46
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
49
51
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
53
52
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
54
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry
62
63
64
65
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
66
B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
78
States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
79
Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
98
118
119
120
121
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
125
C-2. Labor force status by State
127
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
iii
132
Quarterly Household Data
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
D-3. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
138
139
141
Characteristics of the Employed
D-4. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-5. Employed persons by age and sex
142
143
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-6.
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
144
145
146
147
147
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-ll. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
148
D-12. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
149
Characteristics of the Employed
D-l3. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and
full- or part-time status
D-l4. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-15. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-16. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-17. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
D-18. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
150
151
152
153
154
155
Weekly Earnings Data
D-19. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-20. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-21. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
156
157
158
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-22. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
IV
159
160
Annual Averages—Household Data
Page
Employment Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1934 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1965 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the Hispanic-origin population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
8. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
162
163
164
167
168
169
170
171
Characteristics of the Employed
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or
part-time status
Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and
full- or part-time status
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and race
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation
Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than
35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
172
173
174
180
181
182
183
184
185
187
192
192
193
194
195
Characteristics of the Unemployed
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and age
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by selected demographic characteristics and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and active jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and active jobsearch methods used
196
197
198
199
200
201
201
202
203
204
205
Persons Not in the Labor Force
35. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
206
Multiple Jobholders
36. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
207
Weekly Earnings Data
37. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
38. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex
208
208
209
Annual Averages—Household Data—Continued
Page
Union Affiliation Data
40.
41.
42.
43.
Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation and selected characteristics
Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry
215
216
217
218
Employee Absences Data
44.
Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by age and sex
219
45.
Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
220
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
46.
47.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
221
222
Annual Averages—Establishment Data
Employmen-National
48.
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
223
49.
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group ....
225
Hours and Earnings-National
50.
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
VI
226
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
227
227
228
228
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H
235
235
236
236
237
237
238
238
238
238
238
238
239
239
239
239
240
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
247
247
247
Page
229
229
229
232
232
233
vn
250
250
250
250
250
250
251
252
252
253
253
253
253
254
254
254
257
257
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
260
260
260
260
260
260
261
261
261
261
261
Seasonal adjustment
262
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1997
Nonfarm payroll employment rose substantially in
December, following a similar increase in November, and
the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 4.7 percent.
Nonfarm payroll employment grew by 370,000, with gains
occurring in most industry divisions.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 6.4 million, and
the unemployment rate, 4.7 percent, were essentially unchanged in December, after seasonal adjustment. A year
earlier the rate had been 5.3 percent. The jobless rate for
adult men returned to 4.1 percent in December after falling
to 3.9 percent in November. The unemployment rates for
other major worker groups—adult women (4.0 percent), teenagers (14.3 percent), whites (3.9 percent), blacks (9.9 percent), and Hispanics (7.5 percent)—showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment was about unchanged in December, at
130.8 million (seasonally adjusted), following a substantial
increase in November. The number of employed persons
has increased by 2.6 million since December 1996, after
adjusting for the change in the population controls made in
January 1997. The proportion of the population with jobs,
the employment-population ratio, was at an all-time high of
64.1 percent. (See table A-3.)
About 8.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in December. These multiple jobholders
made up 6.2 percent of all employed persons. (See table
A-35.)
Both the civilian labor force, 137.2 million (seasonally
adjusted), and the labor force participation rate, 67.2 percent, were essentially unchanged over the month. (See
table A-3.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in December. These
were people who wanted and were available for work and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but
were not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for jobs spe-
cifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them—was 345,000 in December, virtually the same as a
year earlier. (See table A-34.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 370,000 in December to 123.9 million, after seasonal adjustment; over the year,
payroll employment increased by 3.2 million. In December,
services had the largest job gain, and growth continued in
most other industries, including manufacturing and construction. (See table B-3.)
Manufacturing employment increased by 39,000 in
December, bringing the total job gain for 1997 to 230,000.
In December, growth continued for industrial machinery and
equipment, aircraft and parts, electronic components and
accessories, and fabricated metals. These industries added
a total of 189,000 jobs over the year. Several constructionrelated industries also had notable increases in December;
in fact, lumber and wood products had the largest job gain
in manufacturing. Employment in motor vehicles and equipment declined by 9,000 in December but increased by 25,000
over the year.
The construction industry posted a substantial job gain
for the second straight month. The increase of 50,000 jobs
in December brought the total gain for 1997 to 209,000, not
quite as robust as the 289,000 added in the prior year. In
December, special trade contractors showed the largest gain
(25,000), and heavy construction had its first increase
(11,000) since August.
Within the service-producing sector, employment in the
services industry rose by 181,000 in December. Business
services accounted for nearly half of this growth, with strong
gains in both personnel supply services (45,000) and computer and data processing services (17,000). In personnel
supply, both help supply services and employment agencies
contributed to the increase. Computer services accounted
for 1 in every 20 jobs added in 1997. In December, health
services had an above-average gain (26,000), as hospital
employment rose by 12,000. Engineering and management
services also showed a large increase (26,000) in December;
like computer services, this small industry accounted for a
relatively large share of job growth in 1997.
Retail trade employment rose by 52,000 in December, with
nearly all of the growth occurring in eating and drinking
places and miscellaneous retail establishments. Employ-
ment in department stores was essentially unchanged, after seasonal adjustment, following a 34,000 increase in November.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate increased by 23,000. Commercial banks and security and commodity brokerages continued their steady growth, and the
insurance industry rounded out its strongest quarter in over
a decade by adding 12,000 jobs. Employment growth also
continued in wholesale trade with widespread increases in
durable goods distribution. In the communications industry,
job growth has picked up recently, with an increase of 6,000
in December and gains totaling 22,000 in the fourth quarter.
Telephone communications accounted for the recent strength.
In contrast, transportation employment declined in November and December, following gains totaling 182,000 during
the first 10 months of the year. While the trucking industry
has contributed to this recent weakness, December's drop
reflected an employment decline in air courier services.
In December, State and local government employment continued to trend upward, while Federal employment continued its downward drift.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour in
December to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted, reversing most
of the prior month's increase. The manufacturing workweek
increased by 0.2 hour to 42.3 hours, a post-World War II high,
and factory overtime remained at 4.9 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by
0.2 percent to 142.5 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index rose by 0.6 percent to 110.2. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up 1 cent in
December to $12.48, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly
earnings decreased by 0.5 percent to $431.81, reflecting the
decline in weekly hours. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent and average weekly earnings by 3.4
percent. (See table B-11.)
Changes in Household Data Series
Effective with the release of data for January 1998, improvements will be introduced into the composite
estimation procedures used in the household survey. These changes will simplify processing of the monthly
labor force data at BLS and will allow users of the survey microdata to replicate more easily the official
estimates released by BLS. In addition, there will be a slight decrease in the variance of some major estimates,
particularly employment levels and the over-the-month change in those levels. The new procedures are expected to produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force and employment. Also effective with
the release of January data, minor revisions will be introduced into the population controls used for the household survey. These changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force change and composition will be
described in an article in the February 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The February issue also will introduce new tables showing labor force data for persons 25 years and over by
major educational attainment categories.
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference
month
Release
date
Reference
month
Release
date
January
February 6
April
May 8
February
March 6
May
June 5
March
April 3
June
July 2
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted
Labor Force Series
Robert J. Mclntire
The original data values for many economic time series
are often substantially influenced by seasonality. This
reflects recurring calendar-related effects caused by weather,
holidays, the opening and closing of schools, and other such
seasonal events. Seasonal adjustment is a process used to
estimate and remove that seasonality. The reason for doing
so is to make it easier to observe and analyze the nonseasonal movements in the series, particularly short-term movements associated with business cycles.
The seasonal adjustment process produces estimates of
seasonality, called seasonal factors, for the period of observations used in the process and for some projected observations immediately following that period. For the labor force
series, initial seasonal adjustment of current data is done
using the projected seasonal factors. These are estimates of
how much the original unadjusted values can be expected to
deviate from underlying trend-cycle levels due to recurring
behavior as projected from average seasonal patterns in the
recent past.
Even though seasonality involves regularly recurring patterns, it does tend to change or at least evolve over time,
creating a need for periodic reestimation of factors and revision of recently adjusted estimates. By including more recent data in the estimation process, the revision process can
provide better estimates of how much the original, unadjusted estimates actually deviated from underlying trendcycle levels during the recent period, thereby improving the
historical seasonally adjusted data for that period. In addition, the new information is incorporated to produce the new
projected factors to be used for current seasonal adjustment.
Therefore, at the end of each calendar year, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics reestimates the seasonality of the unemployment, employment, and other labor force series derived from
the Current Population Survey (CPS) by including another
full year of data in the estimation process. Based on this
annual reestimation, BLS issues the projected factors for the
first 6 months of the new year as well as revised estimates of
historical seasonally adjusted data. Usually, the data for the
last 5 years are revised. This time, however, because of the
changes introduced at the beginning of 1994 in the survey
and the processing procedures on which the labor force
series estimates are based,1 only the historical seasonal
adjusted data for 1994 forward are being revised, based upon
data through December 1997.
Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Division of Data
Development and Publications, Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The new projected seasonal factors to be applied to the 12
component series used in the computation of the seasonally
adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate during
the first 6 months of 1998, appear in table 1. (See the section on aggregation procedures later in the article.) Projected
factors for the last 6 months of 1998 will be published in the
July issue of this publication.
Effect of revisions
One of the criteria used to evaluate alternative methods of
seasonal adjustment is how close initial estimates are to subsequent revisions. Policymakers and analysts must make
determinations based on current information. It is important, therefore, that the initial estimates of current factors
for the seasonal adjustment of major economic series produce estimates of level and change that are as close as possible to the improved estimates that will be made after more
data have become available. Even though the revisions currently being released for the 1997 seasonally adjusted data
are not final, the first revisions are usually more substantial
than, and often indicate the direction of, any subsequent
revisions. Therefore, it is appropriate to compare these first
revisions with the initial estimates. The civilian unemployment rates for 1997 as first computed and as revised, as well
as the changes due to revision, appear in table 2. Rounded
to one decimal place as published, the rate changed in 4 of
the 12 months, and the absolute effect of the changes never
exceeded 0.1 percentage point in any of those months. The
trend observed in the initial estimates was sustained in the
revisions.
Adjustment methods and procedures
The official seasonal adjustment procedure for the labor
force series is the X-ll ARIMA program, which was developed at Statistics Canada during the 1970s as an extension
of and improvement to the widely used X-ll method developed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the 1960s.2 The
X-ll ARIMA method improves current estimates for most
1
The changes were described in "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
2
The primary documentation for the X-l 1 ARIMA procedure is The
X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics
Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983). (ARIMA is an acronym
for AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average.) The X-ll method is described in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment
Program, by Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and John Musgrave (Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census, 1967).
Table 1. Pre-1994 prior adjustment and January-June 1998 seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major civilian labor force components
Procedure and series
Prior
adjustment
factors
Seasonal adjustment factors
January
February
March
April
May
June
.901
.896
.674
.735
.899
.901
.620
.584
.953
.944
.753
.794
.994
1.000
.959
.760
1.068
1.025
1.247
.977
1.083
1.069
1.502
1.485
.996
.985
.995
.989
.999
.994
1.003
.996
1.001
1.001
.999
1.006
.993
.938
.976
1.211
1.053
1.170
1.008
1.146
.988
1.024
.918
.961
.956
.939
1.009
-68
-96
-330
-238
-248
-252
-255
-170
-202
-207
-93
-109
366
321
-47
-9
-28
-31
-23
-14
-61
-38
-37
-6
57
236
197
Multiplicative adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
O
.776
.860
.853
2
Additive adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Unemployment:
Men, 16to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
1
No prior adjustment was done.
2
For this series, the prior adjusted period was pre-1997 rather than pre-1994.
series by allowing recent observations, especially those of
the last 6 months, to weigh more heavily in the estimates of
current and recent seasonal factors than did the X-l 1 alone.
The method provides this improvement through the use of
ARIMA models to extend the data series by 12 months. The
X-ll algorithm for seasonal adjustment is then applied to
the extended series.
ARIMA models. ARIMA projections are based only on the
past experience observed in a series itself. ARIMA models
have proved to have good properties for short-term projection or extrapolation of a large class of time series,
especially in a seasonal adjustment context, since the
extrapolations tend to track intra-year movements quite
well. The ARIMA models in the X-11 ARIMA program used
to seasonally adjust the labor force series are of the BoxJenkins type. 3 They can generally be described with the
notation:
(p,d,q)(P,D,Q) TRANSFORMATION,
3
For a more detailed discussion of ARIMA models,referto previously
cited Dagum (1983) and to G.E.P. Box and G.M. Jenkins, Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control (San Francisco, Holden Day, 1970); and C.W.J.
Granger and P. Newbold, Forecasting Economic Time Series (New York,
Academic Press, 1977).
Where:
(1) p is the number of regular (nonseasonal)
autoregressive parameters
(2) d is the number of regular differences
(3) q is the number of regular moving average
parameters
(4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive
parameters
(5) D is the number of seasonal differences
(6) Q is the number of seasonal moving average
parameters
(7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE, LOG,
or POWER(n).
Although the lettered elements within the parentheses of
the model specifications can theoretically take on many values, in practice, only small values are useful.
For each labor force series which has been extended based
on an ARIMA model, the model has been specifically chosen as well suited to the particular series, based on a set of
established criteria. The criteria essentially require a model
to: (1) Fit the series well, (2) have low average forecasting
errors in the last 3 years prior to the projected year, and (3)
produce residuals (the differences between the observed values and the values forecast by the model for the observed
Table 2. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1997
and change due to revision
Month
January
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..
As first
As
computed revised
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.6
1
4.7
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
vl Idl 1
-0.1
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
1
This rate reflects the use of seasonal factors projected for December 1997 as published in the July 1997 issue of Employment and
Earnings and was subject to revision before regular publication of
December data.
period) which follow a random pattern. Acceptable ARIMA
models have been identified and were used for 175 of the
181 labor force series which were directly adjusted at the
end of 1997, including all 12 major civilian labor force components, whose ARIMA models are unchanged since last
year and are shown in table 3. The six remaining series for
which acceptable models have not been identified were simply run through the X-ll part of the program without any
ARIMA extrapolations.
X-ll procedures. The procedures used for this year's adjustment of the labor force series within the X-l 1 part of the
process were different from the standard procedures of most
previous years in two respects.
First, prior adjustment factors identical to those used the
last 2 years were used again in these X-ll ARIMA runs to
link the pre-1994 data with the subsequent data for purposes
of seasonal adjustment 4 . Additionally, pre-1997 prior
adjustment factors were introduced this year for seven series
that had sufficiently large effects from the population control revisions introduced in January 1997 data5 to potentially distort seasonal estimation without prior adjustment.
The most notable series among the seven are the employment and unemployment levels for Hispanics, the demographic group most affected by the revisions, and one of the
major components, nonagricultural employment for men 20
years and over. The prior adjustment factors used for all 12
major components are shown in table 1 alongside the seasonal factors.
Second, instead of a 10 year span, an 8-year time period,
including data from January 1990 through December 1997,
4
For further discussion of those prior adjustment factors, see "Revisions
in Household Survey Data Effective February 1996" in the March 1996
issue of this publication.
5
See "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January
1997" in the February 1997 issue of this publication.
was used for the adjustment of all the labor force series
except for the first-time adjustment of eight educational
attainment series (which begin in 1992). This was done primarily for the sake of keeping the seasonal adjustment process no more complicated than it has to be to serve its principal objectives. Because the population-related revisions to
the unadjusted data discussed in the March 1996 version of
this article could be done only back to 1990, inclusion of
pre-1990 data in these runs would have required the computation and use of additional prior adjustment factors for many
series that would have had little or no effect on the seasonal
adjustment of current data.
The X-ll method of seasonal adjustment contained in the
X-ll ARIMA procedure assumes that the original series,
including the 12 extrapolated observations if an ARIMA
model has been applied, is either the product or the sum of
three components—trend-cycle, seasonal, and irregular. The
method uses either a ratio-to- or difference-from-movingaverage approach to estimate the components, depending
on whether the multiplicative or additive model is used. The
seasonally adjusted series values are computed by dividing
each month's original value by the corresponding seasonal
factor if the multiplicative model is used, or by subtracting
the factor if the additive model is used. Of the 12 major
civilian labor force components, the 4 teenage unemployment and nonagricultural employment series were adjusted
using the additive model, and the other 8 series with the
multiplicative model. Of all the 181 directly adjusted series,
48 were adjusted with the additive model, including most
teenage employment and unemployment series, for which
the seasonal components were found to be fairly independent of the trend-cycle.
Moving-holiday adjustment. Two of the series directly adjusted with multiplicative models were seasonally adjusted
using the moving-holiday extension of X-ll ARIMA which
was developed at BLS. Both holiday-adjusted series—at work
Table 3. ARIMA models used in end-of-1997 seasonal
adjustment for the 12 major civilian labor force components
Series
Model
Transformation
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
(1,0,0)(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)
(0,1,2)(0,1,1)
(2,1,2)(0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
(O,1,1)(O,1,1)
(0,1,4)(0,1,1)
(2,1,0)(0,1,1)
(2,1,0)(0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
(0,1,3)(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)
(0,1,1X0,1,1)
(2,1,2X0,1,1)
LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE
on part-time schedules for noneconomic reasons, usually
work part time, all industries and nonagricultural industries—had tested as having significant and well-defined
effects in their April data related to the timing of Easter.
A detailed discussion of the nature of the Easter effect in
these series and of the procedure used to control for it as
part of the seasonal adjustment process was included in the
January 1990 version of this article.
Six-month updates. The current official practice for the seasonal adjustment of the labor force series involves the running of all directly adjusted series through X-ll ARIMA
twice each year, after receipt of June and December data,
with 6 months of projected factors drawn from each run and
historical revisions drawn from the end-of-year run. This
practice allows, among other things, the prior publication of
seasonal factors, which historically has been regarded by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other statistical agencies
as an important way of ensuring the openness of their seasonal adjustment procedures, especially where very sensitive indicators such as the unemployment rate have been
involved. A number of research studies, including a 1987
paper on the labor force series6, have indicated that the alternative practice of concurrent adjustment, where the seasonal adjustment procedure is run with all available data
each month and factors cannot be published ahead of time,
generally produces initial seasonally adjusted estimates requiring smaller revisions than those produced by adjustment
using projected factors. BLS is continuing to compute and
evaluate concurrent adjustment for the labor force series.
Aggregation procedures
BLS maintains and publishes several hundred seasonally
adjusted labor force series in addition to the 181 directly
adjusted series discussed above. These additional series are
produced by arithmetically combining or aggregating the
directly adjusted series with each other or, in some cases,
with series on population which are not seasonally adjusted
because they are not considered to have any significant seasonal variation. For example, the seasonally adjusted levels
of total unemployment, civilian employment, and civilian
labor force, and the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate
for all civilian workers, are all produced by aggregation of
some or all of the seasonally adjusted results for the 12 major civilian labor force components. The seasonally adjusted
level of total unemployment is the sum of the seasonally
adjusted levels of unemployment for the four age-sex
groups—men and women 16 to 19, and men and women 20
years and over. Seasonally adjusted civilian employment is
the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of employment for
the eight employment components—the same four age-sex
6
G.R. Methee and R.J. Mclntire, "An Evaluation of Concurrent Seasonal
Adjustment for the Major Labor Force Series," in the 1987 Proceedings ofthe
Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association.
groups as noted above employed in nonagricultural and
agricultural industries. The seasonally adjusted civilian
labor force is the sum of all 12 components. The seasonally
adjusted civilian unemployment rate is calculated by taking
the total seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of the total seasonally adjusted civilian labor force.
The principal reason for producing many of the major
seasonally adjusted estimates for the labor force by aggregation rather than by direct adjustment is that this approach
ensures that the major seasonally adjusted totals will be
arithmetically consistent with at least one major set of components. If the totals were directly adjusted along with the
components, such consistency would not, in all likelihood,
occur, since the X-ll is not a sum-preserving procedure;
that is, the sum of the result for two or more directly
adjusted series will not generally be the same as the result of
directly adjusting the sum of the unadjusted versions of the
same series. Another factor is that it would generally be inappropriate to apply seasonal factors computed for an
aggregate series to the components of the aggregate. The
various labor force components tend to have significantly
different patterns of seasonal variation; for example, teenage unemployment tends to peak in June, while unemployment of adult men tends to peak in the winter months of
January and February. In order to estimate properly these
varying seasonal patterns, it is necessary to adjust the components directly. Of course, one of the implications of producing seasonally adjusted estimates for many major series
by aggregation is that exact factors cannot be projected for
those series. However, implicit seasonal adjustment factors
can be calculated after the fact by taking the ratio of the
unadjusted aggregate to the seasonally adjusted aggregate,
or, for additive implicit factors, the difference between those
two aggregates.
Availability of revised series
This issue of Employment and Earnings contains revised
monthly and quarterly data for the most recent 13 months
and 12 calendar quarters for many seasonally adjusted labor
force series. These revisions replace the seasonally adjusted
estimates previously published for those periods. Revised
historical seasonally adjusted labor force data also are available in various forms on the Internet (stats.bls.gov), including ftp access (ftp://stats.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf) to
all the revised data. The seasonally adjusted data last published for 1993 and earlier years were not further revised.
The January-June 1998 factors for any of the directly
adjusted series beyond the 12 major components can be
obtained from BLS upon request. Requests for the seasonal
factors or inquiries concerning the seasonal adjustment methodology used for the labor force data should be addressed to
the Division of Data Development and Publications, Office
of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
1997
Category
Dec.
Jan. |
Feb. |
Mar. |
Apr. |
May | June
|
July
| Aug. | Sept. | Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Labor force status
201,636 202,285 202,389 202,513 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098
135,060 135,729 135,689 136,115 136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.2
127,899 128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777
63.4
63.5
63.5
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.7
64.0
64.1
63.8
7,174
7,161
7,188
7,080
6,814
6,768
6,566
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
66,576 66,556 66,700 66,398 66,631 66,772 66,794 66,872 66,960 67,131 67,361 67,077 66,929
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Unemployment rates
5.3
4.3
4.9
16.8
4.6
10.5
7.5
All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.9
4.5
10.7
8.2
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.3
4.5
11.0
8.1
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
4.4
10.5
8.3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.2
9.9
8.0
4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
4.1
10.3
7.6
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.2
9.6
7.9
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.3
10.3
7.7
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.2
9.5
7.3
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.2
9.6
7.6
4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.1
9.6
7.8
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
3.9
9.9
7.5
experience through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
1Employment
120,659 120,909 121,162 121,344 121,671 121,834 122,056 122,440 122,492 122,792 123,083 123,495 123,865
.... 101,145 101,380 101,615 101,799 102,092 102,269 102,417 102,721 102,688 103,078 103,334 103,733 104,081
24,814 24,891 24,980
24,540 24,581 24,653 24,670 24,667 24,702 24,714 24,713 24,765 24,771
574
574
574
574
576
573
574
571
576
573
572
572
572
5,628
5,650
5,637
5,625
5,622
5,599
5,609
5,604
5,680
5,642
5,542
5.521
5,730
18,590
18,555
18,514
18,475 18,489 18,495 18,498 18,518
18,639 18,678
18,553
18.465
18,448
96.119 96,328 96.509 96,674 97,004 97.132 97,342 97,727 97,727 98,021 98,269 98,604 98,885
6,431
6,497
6,289
6,443
6,434
6,421
6,405
6,376
6,498
6,473
6,351
6,288
6,488
6,630
6,712
6,675
6,664
6,634
6,622
6,611
6,593
6,730
6,687
6,570
6,559
6,743
21.912 21,917 21,922 21.945 22,029 22,026 22,079 22,159 22,189 22,215 22,258 22,373 22,425
7,029
7,108
7,068
7,058
7,034
7,019
6,992
6,980
7,132
7,082
6,971
6,962
7,155
•• • 34,884 34,990 35,091 35,176 35,334 35,451 35,522 35,684 35,702 35,850 35,945 36,109 36,290
19,749
19,804
19,719
19,762 19,784
19,714
19,529 19,547 19,545 19,579 19,565 19,639
19,514
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
Services
Government
Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
....
209
189
32
0
26
6
177
-15
10
65
13
84
20
250
235
41
3
21
17
209
63
11
5
9
106
15
253
235
72
0
62
10
181
25
23
5
9
101
18
182
184
17
-2
5
14
165
29
18
23
12
85
-2
327
293
-3
1
-10
6
330
16
11
84
27
158
34
163
177
35
3
29
3
128
10
8
-3
10
117
-14
384
304
-1
0
3
-4
385
9
30
80
24
162
80
52
-33
52
-1
12
41
0
-154
11
30
10
18
85
300
390
6
3
5
-2
294
184
12
26
14
148
-90
291
256
43
-2
8
37
248
24
25
43
26
95
35
412
399
77
-2
30
49
335
1
18
115
24
164
13
370
348
89
0
50
39
281
-10
13
52
23
181
22
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.6
41.8
4.7
34.5
41.9
4.7
34.5
42.0
4.8
34.8
42.1
4.9
34.6
42.3
4.9
222
148
12
-2
-6
20
210
3
4
53
5
71
74
Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
..
34.7
42.0
4.7
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.8
41.9
4.7
34.8
42.1
4.9
34.5
42.1
4.9
34.5
42.0
4.8
34.6
41.8
4.6
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)'
Total private
Manufacturing
139.1
107.8
138.2
107.4
140.0
107.9
140.2
108.3
139.6
108.5
140.0
108.3
140.6
107.8
140.2
107.8
140.8
108.1
140.9
108.3
141.2
108.7
142.8
109.5
142.5
110.2
$12.24
7.53
421.06
$12.31
7.56
425.93
$12.35
7.56
426.08
$12.40
7.58
427.80
$12.47
7.62
433.96
$12.48
N.A.
431.81
Earnings
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1
$12.03
745
417.44
$12.05
7.46
414.52
$12.10
7.47
421.08
$12.14
7.49
422.47
Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
2
$12.14
7.49
418.83
$12.19
7.52
420.56
$12.23
7.54
423.16
N.A. - not available.
- preliminary.
p
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1993-97
Thousands
126,000
Thousands
126,000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1993-97
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls used in the
survey. These changes affect comparability with data for prior periods. Data for 1994-97 have been
revised based on the experience through December 1997.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979.
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
19901
1991 .
1992.
1993.,
19941
1995.,
1996.,
19972
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1996:
December.
201,636
135,060
67.0
127,899
63.4
3,423
124,476
7,161
5.3
66,576
1997:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
202,285
202,389
202,513
202,674
202,832
203,000
203,166
203,364
203,570
203,767
203,941
204,098
135,729
135,689
136,115
136,043
136,060
136,206
136,294
136,404
136,439
136,406
136,864
137,169
67.1
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2
128,541
128,515
129,035
129,275
129,494
129,392
129,661
129,747
129,761
129,910
130,575
130,777
63.5
63.5
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.1
3,453
3,340
3,387
3,462
3,418
3,389
3,452
3,379
3,422
3,327
3,384
3,385
125,088
125,175
125,648
125,813
126,076
126,003
126,209
126,368
126,339
126,583
127,191
127,392
7,188
7,174
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
66,556
66,700
66,398
66,631
66,772
66,794
66,872
66,960
67,131
67,361
67,077
66,929
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 Beginning in January 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1996 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in the February
1997 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-1 through A-12 have
been revised based on the experience through December 1997. Data for
1994-97 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
19861
1987
1988
1989
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19972
85,798
86,899
87,857
88.762
65.422
66,207
66,927
67,840
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
60,892
62,107
63,273
64.315
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73.261
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
2,546
2,589
2.575
2.478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1996:
December
96,742
72,464
74.9
68,773
71.1
2,615
66,158
3,691
5.1
24,278
1997:
January....
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November,
December,
97,264
97,320
97,387
97,474
97,559
97,649
97,733
97,838
97,946
98.050
98,141
98,225
73,052
73,001
73,164
73,184
73,089
73,225
73,218
73,265
73,192
73,311
73,682
73,662
75.1
75.0
75.1
75.1
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.7
74.8
75.1
75.0
69,209
69,248
69,415
69,565
69,765
69.586
69.711
69,748
69,656
69.785
70.352
70,195
71.2
71.2
71.3
71.4
71.5
71.3
71.3
71.3
71.1
71.2
71.7
71.5
2,612
2.521
2.577
2,641
2,610
2,583
2,572
2,504
2,552
2,468
2,503
2,497
66,597
66,727
66,838
66.924
67.155
67,003
67,139
67,244
67,104
67,317
67.849
67.698
3,843
3,753
3,749
3.619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
24,212
24,319
24,223
24,290
24,470
24,424
24,515
24,573
24,754
24,739
24,459
24,563
Annual averages
19861
1987
1988
1989
WOMEN
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19972
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
48.706
50.334
51.696
53,027
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
652
666
676
687
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42.376
42,195
42,014
41,601
98.787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105.418
56.829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63.036
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
53,689
53.496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
3,140
3,683
4.090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42.382
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1996:
December
1997:
January....
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
104,894
62.596
59.7
59,126
56.4
808
58.318
3,470
5.5
42,298
105,022
105,068
105,127
105,200
105,274
105,351
105.433
105,527
105,623
105,718
105,799
105.873
62.677
62,688
62,951
62,859
62,971
62,981
63,076
63,139
63,247
63,095
63.182
63.507
59.7
59.7
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.7
59.7
60.0
59,332
59.267
59.620
59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60.223
60,582
56.5
56.4
56.7
56.8
56.7
56.8
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2
841
819
810
821
808
806
880
875
870
859
881
888
58,491
58,448
58,810
58,889
58,921
59,000
59,070
59,124
59,235
59,266
59,342
59.694
3,345
3,421
3,331
3,149
3,242
3,175
3.126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
42,345
42,380
42,176
42.341
42.303
42.370
42,357
42,388
42,376
42,623
42,617
42,366
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
Beginning in January 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1996 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1997" in the February 1997 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1997. Data for 1994-97 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for
additional information.
10
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1997
1996
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population 1 .. 201,636 202,285 202,389 202,513 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098
135,060 135,729 135,689 136,115 136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169
Civilian labor force
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.0
67.2
66.9
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
Percent of population
127,899 128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777
Employed
63.7
63.7
63.7
63.5
64.1
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
64.0
63.5
63.4
Employment-population ratio
6,678
6,814
7,080
7,174
6,392
6,496
6,657
6,633
6,566
6,768
6,289
7,188
7,161
Unemployed
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.0
4.6
5.3
5.3
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
96,742
72,464
74.9
97,264
73,052
75.1
68,773
71.1
69,209
71.2
2,612
66,597
2,615
66,158
3,691
5.1
24,278
89,040
68,424
76.8
65,455
73.5
2,377
63,078
2,969
4.3
20,616
3,843
5.3
24,212
89,446
68,949
77.1
65,856
73.6
2,369
63,487
3,093
4.5
20,497
97,320
97,387
97,474
73,001
75.0
73,164
75.1
73,184
75.1
69,248
69,415
69,565
71.2
2,521
71.3
2,577
66,838
66,727
3,753
5.1
24,319
89,556
68,872
76.9
65,860
73.5
2,313
63,547
3,012
4.4
20,684
97,559
73,089
74.9
69,765
97,649
73,225
75.0
69,586
71.4
71.5
2,641
66,924
2,610
67,155
3,324
4.5
24,470
71.3
2,583
67,003
3,749
5.1
24,223
24,290
89,604
69,040
89,680
69,107
3,619
4.9
77.1
77.1
66,031
73.7
2,357
63,674
3,009
4.4
20,564
66,198
73.8
2,411
63,787
2,909
4.2
20,573
68,990
76.9
66,309
73.9
2,402
63,907
2,681
3.9
20,776
89,829
69,157
77.0
66,258
73.8
2,396
63,860
2,899
4.2
20,672
73,218
74.9
69,711
71.3
2,572
67,139
3,507
4.8
24,515
89,888
69,171
77.0
66,361
73.8
2,390
63,971
2,810
4.1
20,717
97,838
73,265
74.9
69,748
71.3
2,504
67,244
3,517
97,946
73,192
74.7
69,656
98,050
73,311
74.8
71.1
2,552
4.8
24,573
4.8
24,754
71.2
2,468
67,317
3,526
4.8
89,982
69,198
76.9
66,386
90,068
69,136
76.8
66,298
73.6
73.8
2,311
67,104
3,536
2,383
64,075
63,915
2,812
4.1
20,784
2,838
4.1
20,932
69,785
24,739
90,140
69,193
76.8
66,337
73.6
2,298
64,039
2,856
4.1
20,947
98,141
73,682
75.1
70,352
71.7
2,503
67,849
3,330
4.5
24,459
90,251
69,500
77.0
66,824
74.0
2,323
64,501
2,676
3.9
20,751
98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563
90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778
104,894 105,022 105,068 105,127 105,200 105,274 105,351 105,433 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 105,873
62,596 62,677 62,688 62,951 62,859 62,971 62,981 63,076 63,139 63,247 63,095 63,182 63,507
59.7
59.7
59.7
59.7
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.7
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
60.0
59,126 59,332 59,267 59,620 59,710 59,729 59,806 59,950 59,999 60,105 60,125 60,223 60,582
56.7
56.4
56.4
56.8
56.7
56.5
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.8
56.9
57.2
56.9
810
806
808
821
819
841
808
870
875
880
859
888
881
58,318 58,491 58,448 58,810 58,889 58,921 59,000 59,070 59,124 59,235 59,266 59,342 59,694
3,149
3,126
3,331
3,175
3,242
3,421
3,345
3,470
2,959
3,142
3,140
2,970
2,925
5.0
5.0
5.3
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.6
42,298 42,345 42,380 42,176 42,341 42,303 42,370 42,357 42,388 42,376 42,623 42,617 42,366
97,457
58,731
60.3
97,638
97,685
59,070
60.5
56,322
57.7
752
55,570
58,975
60.4
56,357
57.7
775
97,767
59,129
60.5
56,488
57.8
760
97,834
59,195
60.5
56,575
57.8
755
55,582
55,728
55,820
59,232
60.5
56,693
57.9
831
55,862
2,748
4.7
2,618
4.4
2,641
4.5
38,780
38,568
38,710
38,638
2,620
4.4
38,639
15,318
7,948
15,261
8,026
51.9
6,607
15,309
7,961
52.0
6,720
43.9
276
6,444
1,241
15,300
7,941
51.9
6,697
297
6,310
1,341
52.6
6,634
43.5
253
6,381
1,392
15,271
8,005
52.4
6,682
43.8
16.9
7,370
17.3
7,235
15.6
7,348
15.7
7,359
97,520
58,832
60.3
56,078
57.5
787
55,291
2,754
4.7
38,688
15,139
7,905
52.2
6,574
43.4
280
6,294
1,331
16.8
7,234
55,870
57.3
766
55,104
2,861
4.9
38,726
43.1
97,571
58,791
60.3
56,021
57.4
774
55,247
2,770
4.7
278
6,404
1,323
16.5
7,266
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-12 will not necessar/fy add to totals because oi the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised
89,766
3,639
5.0
24,424
97,733
43.8
256
6,441
1,244
2,539
4.3
38,687
98,000
59,362
60.6
56,789
57.9
824
55,965
2,573
4.3
98,082
59,432
60.6
56,883
58.0
826
56,057
2,549
4.3
38,638
15,336
7,854
15,359
7,891
51.2
6,559
42.8
236
6,323
1,295
16.5
7,482
4.1
98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,650
38,806
38,864
15,382
7,844
15,420
7,871
51.4
6,607
43.0
51.0
6,572
42.7
51.0
6,580
42.7
15,483
7,875
50.9
6,654
43.0
231
6,376
1,284
244
6,328
1,272
16.2
7,538
213
6,367
1,291
16.4
7,549
215
6,439
1,221
15.5
7,608
15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570
1,218
15.2
7,462
97,919
16.3
7,468
98,144
59,338
60.5
56,919
58.0
814
56,105
2,419
98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676
15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475
population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data
have been revised based on the experience through December 1997. See the
article in this issue for additional information.
11
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1996
Dec.
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
,
169,044 169,436 169,492 169,569 169,675 169,782 169,897 170,010 170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 170,649
114,018 114,311 114,326 114,597 114,567 114,562 114,659 114,622 114,669 114,758 114,784 115,073 115,263
67.5
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.6
67.4
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
108,752 109,154 109,211 109,528 109,721 109,906 109,779 109,851 109,832 109,904 110,063 110,604 110,729
64.6
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.4
64.6
64.3
64.6
64.6
64.7
64.4
64.9
64.9
4,880
4,854
4,721
4,656
5,115
5,069
5,266
4,771
4,837
4,846
5,157
4,469
4,534
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.5
3.9
3.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
,
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
58,643
77.4
56,401
74.5
2,242
3.8
58,999
77.6
56,681
74.5
2,318
3.9
58,961
77.5
56,713
74.6
2,248
3.8
59,083
77.6
56,867
74.7
2,216
3.8
59,123
77.6
56,976
74.8
2,147
3.6
59,001
77.4
57,033
74.8
1,968
3.3
59,086
77.5
56,967
74.7
2,119
3.6
59,096
77.4
57,011
74.7
2,085
3.5
59,118
77.4
57,011
74.6
2,107
3.6
59,110
77.3
56,989
74.5
2,121
3.6
59,098
77.2
56,966
74.4
2,132
3.6
59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4
59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6
48,693
59.9
46,615
57.3
2,078
4.3
48,626
59.8
46,731
57.5
1,895
3.9
48,625
59.8
46,743
57.5
1,882
3.9
48,793
60.0
46,885
57.6
1,908
3.9
48,686
59.8
46,896
57.6
1,790
3.7
48,845
60.0
47,022
57.8
1,823
3.7
48,877
60.0
47,077
57.8
1,800
3.7
48,790
59.9
47,072
57.8
1,718
3.5
48,910
60.0
47,122
57.8
1,788
3.7
48,955
60.0
47,165
57.8
1,790
3.7
48,976
60.0
47,284
57.9
1,692
3.5
48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4
49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4
6,682
55.6
5,736
47.8
946
14.2
15.0
13.2
6,686
55.1
5,742
47.4
944
14.1
15.1
13.1
6,740
55.6
5,755
47.5
985
14.6
14.8
14.4
6,721
55.4
5,776
47.6
945
14.1
15.1
13.0
6,758
55.7
5,849
48.2
909
13.5
14.6
12.2
6,716
55.3
5,851
48.2
865
12.9
13.0
12.7
6,696
55.0
5,735
47.1
961
14.4
15.8
12.8
6,736
55.3
5,768
47.3
968
14.4
15.0
13.7
6,641
54.4
5,699
46.7
942
14.2
15.1
13.1
6,693
54.8
5,750
47.0
943
14.1
14.4
13.7
6,710
54.9
5,813
47.5
897
13.4
14.3
12.3
6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6
6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1
23,794
15,299
64.3
13,692
57.5
1,607
10.5
23,847
15,380
64.5
13,736
57.6
1,644
10.7
23,872
15,420
64.6
13,722
57.5
1,698
11.0
23,895
15,438
64.6
13,816
57.8
1,622
10.5
23,923
15,389
64.3
13,864
58.0
1,525
9.9
23,950
15,424
64.4
13,837
57.8
1,587
10.3
23,978
15,426
64.3
13,836
57.7
1,590
10.3
24,006
15,524
64.7
14,040
58.5
1,484
9.6
24,043
15,728
65.4
14,237
59.2
1,491
9.5
24,081
15,691
65.2
14,180
58.9
1,511
9.6
24,117
15,555
64.5
14,067
58.3
1,488
9.6
24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7
24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
6,820
71.8
6,242
65.7
578
8.5
6,839
71.9
6,225
65.5
614
9.0
6,794
71.3
6,194
65.0
600
8.8
6,823
71.8
6,214
65.4
609
8.9
6,832
71.7
6,256
65.7
576
8.4
6,851
71.7
6,273
65.7
578
8.4
6,925
72.4
6,305
65.9
620
9.0
6,946
72.5
6,371
66.5
575
8.3
7,035
73.3
6,480
67.5
555
7.9
6,978
72.6
6,424
66.8
554
7.9
6,945
72.3
6,367
66.3
578
8.3
6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8
6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6
7,549
63.4
6,835
57.4
714
9.5
7,580
63.5
6,878
57.6
702
9.3
7,635
63.9
6,870
57.5
765
10.0
7,636
63.8
6,937
58.0
699
9.2
7,641
63.8
6,984
58.3
657
8.6
7,671
63.9
6,968
58.1
703
9.2
7,617
63.5
6,932
57.8
685
9.0
7,691
64.1
7,048
58.7
643
8.4
7,771
64.6
7,115
59.1
656
8.4
7,790
64.6
7,135
59.2
655
8.4
7,680
63.6
7,044
58.3
636
8.3
7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4
7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
,
Percent of population
,
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
,
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
,
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
12
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1996
Dec.
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
930
38.9
615
25.8
315
33.9
38.1
30.1
961
40.1
633
26.4
328
34.1
40.9
27.7
991
41.4
658
27.5
333
33.6
36.8
30.4
979
40.4
665
27.4
314
32.1
40.5
24.6
916
37.9
624
25.8
292
31.9
37.7
26.3
902
37.5
596
24.8
306
33.9
34.5
33.3
884
36.5
599
24.7
285
32.2
39.1
25.5
887
36.7
621
25.7
266
30.0
34.6
25.9
922
38.3
642
26.6
280
30.4
33.9
27.2
923
38.3
621
25.8
302
32.7
37.6
28.6
930
38.2
656
26.9
274
29.5
30.1
28.8
942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9
961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1
19,505
20,013
13,669
68.3
12,554
20,067
20,119
13,666
20,180
13,601
20,236
20,293
67.9
67.4
20,464
13,861
67.7
20,575
13,880
67.5
12,533
62.3
1,133
8.3
12,514
20,407
13,886
68.0
12,867
63.1
1,019
7.3
20,629
13,814
68.1
12,751
62.8
1,063
7.7
20,351
13,861
68.1
12,772
20,519
13,760
68.0
12,713
12,921
12,921
62.6
1,052
7.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
13,139
67.4
12,148
13,634
67.9
12,529
62.3
62.7
62.4
991
7.5
1,115
8.2
1,105
8.1
62.0
1,087
8.0
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
62.8
1,047
7.6
62.8
1,089
7.9
12,807
62.6
13,896
67.7
12,806
62.4
1,054
1,090
7.6
7.8
62.8
959
6.9
13,973
67.7
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1997
1996
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
104,786 105,116 105,111 105,631 105,862 106,095 106,343 106,548 106,672 106,926 106,824 107,491 107,452
61,429 61,620 61,813 61,728 62,055 62,160 62,245 62,332 62,376 62,487 62,439 63,014 62,829
61,197 61,142 61,672 61,505
60,189 60,397 60,589 60,423 60,767 60,863 60,976 61,038 61,101
43,350 43,420 43,243 43,867 43,778 43,912 44,146 44,304 44,375 44,436 44,369 44,452 44,589
42,463 42,578 42,375 42,952 42,943 43,085 43,281 43,364 43,468 43,518 43,479 43,546 43,691
2,086
2,103
2,203
2,141
2,147
2,256
2,152
2,147
2,146
2,211
2,134
2,273
2,256
23,174
7,432
5,345
15,786
13,398
4,431
23,458
7,474
5,393
15,943
13,584
4,481
23,281
7,333
5,150
15,947
13,610
4,521
23,411
7,640
5,532
15,802
13,369
4,510
23,322
7,439
5,378
15,899
13,405
4,539
23,327
7,487
5,326
15,816
13,400
4,601
22,987
7,323
5,260
15,689
13,280
4,447
23,016
7,375
5,323
15,628
13,290
4,403
23,061
7,436
5,355
15,623
13,291
4,415
23,004
7,348
5,278
15,652
13,366
4,360
23,163
7,401
5,255
15,766
13,432
4,476
23,244
7,432
5,226
15,802
13,447
4,571
23,422
7,459
5,257
16,014
13,559
4,606
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,752
3,148
2,743
2,593
2,309
700
5,774
3,197
2,829
2,522
2,229
716
5,662
3,099
2,759
2,521
2,226
677
5,670
3,110
2,746
2,521
2,262
662
5,375
2,986
2,651
2,410
2,140
584
5,300
2,855
2,487
2,472
2,162
651
5,480
3,164
2,669
2,395
2,125
5,329
2,961
2,585
2,344
2,102
642
5,305
2,958
2,568
2,369
2,116
621
5,309
2,984
2,571
2,361
2,069
669
5,215
2,991
2,600
2,254
1,979
636
4,987
2,834
2,466
2,205
1,905
616
5,203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,454
569
248
889
556
650
1,415
592
261
809
520
634
1,463
582
249
903
541
673
1,411
585
259
805
483
669
1,394
639
256
768
486
652
1,303
519
193
788
496
614
1,296
542
227
772
474
595
1,305
558
219
766
445
641
1,346
577
233
752
459
654
1,328
561
245
751
458
625
1,288
570
263
705
440
585
1,329
551
226
779
499
604
1,238
502
220
753
462
556
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.2
4.9
4.4
5.6
5.2
24.7
5.2
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.0
25.1
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.0
24.0
5.1
4.8
4.3
5.4
5.0
22.7
4.8
4.6
4.2
5.2
4.7
21.3
4.8
4.4
3.9
5.3
4.8
23.3
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.7
24.7
4.8
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.6
23.0
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
22.8
4.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.5
23.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.4
22.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.9
7.1
4.4
5.3
4.0
12.8
5.7
7.3
4.6
4.8
3.7
12.4
5.9
7.4
4.6
5.4
3.8
13.0
5.7
7.1
4.5
4.8
3.5
12.9
5.6
7.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
12.6
5.3
6.5
3.5
4.7
3.6
11.8
5.3
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.4
11.8
5.4
7.0
4.0
4.7
3.2
12.7
5.5
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.9
5.5
7.1
4.4
4.6
3.3
12.5
5.3
7.2
4.8
4.3
3.2
11.6
5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7
5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
14
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
Category
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
MARfTAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
127,899 128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777
42,533 42,815 42,489 42,502 42,426 42,375 42,476 42,582 42,680 42,648 42,771 42,967 42,952
32,599 32,717 32,597 32,690 32,549 32,520 32,654 32,813 32,861 32,846 32,978 32,840 32,975
7,696
7,790
7,820
7,820
7,562
7,585
7,876
7,875
7,892
7,865
7,536
7,726
7,822
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
37,206
37,416
37,462
37,618
37,571
37,356
37,549
37,598
37,765
37,860
37,844
37,986
38,205
37,961
17,224
13,667
18,349
3,509
38,082
17,206
13,878
18,304
3,519
38,073
17,239
14,068
18,220
3,439
38,153
17,319
14,138
18,267
3,513
38,143
17,326
14,216
18,382
3,572
38,304
17,418
14,279
18,593
3,612
38,188
17,450
14,282
18,540
3,502
38,240
17,550
14,234
18,476
3,531
38,334
17,713
14,038
18,452
3,442
38,535
17,746
13,859
18,302
3,483
38,537
17,723
14,051
18,385
3,438
38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512
38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472
1,909
1,459
60
1,955
1,444
60
1,912
1,373
18
1,901
1,433
59
1,952
1,438
62
1,917
1,442
52
1,912
1,429
47
1,897
1,478
52
1,853
1,477
50
1,889
1,495
44
1,815
1,475
55
1,855
1,493
49
1,844
1,496
54
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
115,196 115,431 115,949 116,413 116,515 116,874 116,642 117,146 117,372 117,303 117,635 118,083 118,403
96,985 97,184 97,805 98,346 98,467 99,011 98,529 98,843 99,169 99,194 99,560 99,913 100,155
888
948
882
894
877
935
911
877
923
985
925
910
946
97,932 98,234 98,317 98,683 99,003 99,209
96,060 96,199 96,911 97,464 97,544 98,063 97,641
18,203 18,109 18,075 18,170 18,248
18,211 18,247 18,144 18,067 18,048 17,863 18,113 18,303
9,098
8,955
8,927
9,089
9,124
9,219
9,399
9,147
9,112
8,949
8,930
9,004
8,886
142
133
109
168
126
129
92
128
143
136
83
97
99
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,345
2,379
1,653
17,758
4,319
2,391
1,564
18,210
4,250
2,365
1,550
18,061
4,162
2,340
1,519
18,144
4,360
2,402
1,625
18,155
4,060
2,295
1,440
18,218
4,049
2,347
1,373
18,205
4,019
2,236
1,489
18,055
3,988
2,164
1,487
18,096
3,928
2,187
1,455
17,901
3,913
2,211
1,406
18,113
3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083
3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,164
2,241
1,622
17,178
4,099
2,273
1,527
17,575
4,075
2,259
1,521
17,461
3,957
2,210
1,484
17,559
4,204
2,279
1,599
17,588
3,853
2,166
1,402
17,654
3,819
2,202
1,320
17,577
3,858
2,121
1,462
17,452
3,832
2,066
1,455
17,521
3,739
2,067
1,417
17,381
3,732
2,103
1,378
17,537
3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486
3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as
holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population used in the
household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Age and sex
Dec.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
127,899 128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777
18,919 19,017 18,855 19,013 19,002 19,257 19,304
18,730 18,920 18,965 19,022 19,069 19,191
6,654
6,798
6,572
6,607
6,682
6,846
6,580
6,697
6,559
6,720
6,634
6,574
6,607
2,680
2,680
2,567
2,622
2,648
2,676
2,640
2,615
2,628
2,702
2,672
2,657
2,644
3,976
4,118
3,976
3,982
4,025
4,176
3,936
4,105
3,943
4,010
3,966
3,910
3,943
12,340 12,349 12,494 12,360 12,410 12,283 12,433 12,348
12,459 12,458
12,156 12,313 12,331
109,147 109,644 109,492 110,007 110,241 110,337 110,487 110,610 110,858 110,831 110,964 111,251 111,445
93,510 93,876 93,759 94,009 94,225 94,225 94,540 94,717 94,910 94,772 94,707 94,859 94,941
15,663 15,780 15,772 15,999 15,929 16,031 15,892 15,934 16,063 16,104 16,220 16,417 16,523
69,415
69,565
69,765
9,938
9,918
3,388
1,371
3,384
1,343
2,034
9,943
3,367
1,349
10,134
3,456
68,773
69,209
69,248
9,761
9,926
3,353
1,319
3,318
1,327
1,988
6,443
2,019
6,573
58,999
59,270
50,286
8,737
50,468
8,795
50,488
8,786
59,126
59,332
59,267
8,969
3,256
8,994
3,254
9,027
3,246
1,330
1,922
5,713
1,325
1,301
1,924
5,740
50,374
1,947
50,199
43,408
43,271
6,985
6,986
50,148
43,224
6,926
2,019
6,550
59,293
5,781
2,016
6,576
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195
9,904
9,929
3,350
1,331
2,007
6,579
59,781
9,880
3,358
1,360
10,070
3,528
1,401
2,128
6,542
10,010
1,980
6,522
59,877
50,871
9,009
9,889
3,448
1,398
2,075
8,932
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582
9,057
3,241
1,277
1,979
5,816
50,698
43,545
7,073
9,015
3,231
9,088
3,257
1,291
8,960
9,133
3,222
1,280
1,956
5,911
9,113
3,206
9,187
3,270
1,279
9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
50,954
51,012
43,840
7,160
6,678
59,639
8,928
8,921
50,680
8,958
59,620
59,710
9,104
9,126
3,353
1,353
1,994
5,773
50,642
43,573
7,008
69,711
8,858
1,338
2,126
59,599
50,652
3,298
1,305
1,991
5,806
50,528
43,460
7,071
69,586
9,895
3,362
1,339
1,996
6,533
59,850
50,906
9,007
6,534
59,479
50,549
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
May
Apr.
3,328
1,338
2,001
6,576
59,671
50,772
1,290
1,942
5,784
50,816
43,768
7,034
50,858
1,975
5,831
50,829
43,859
7,002
3,210
1,228
1,980
5,750
51,008
44,004
7,056
43,901
7,095
3,519
1,377
50,867
60,234
51,125
9,060
9,152
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151
6,441
59,952
1,282
1,901
5,907
1,990
5,917
51,017
43,734
7,265
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
16
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
7,161
7,188
7,174
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
2,540
1,331
634
694
1,209
4,692
4,145
548
2,591
1,341
571
762
1,250
4,564
4,084
504
2,578
1,392
648
713
1,186
4,592
4,101
497
2,522
1,323
622
705
1,199
4,547
4,014
538
2,434
1,241
610
632
1,193
4,287
3,767
479
2,361
1,244
586
664
1,117
4,249
3,787
480
2,426
1,295
550
743
1,131
4,371
3,867
509
2,350
1,284
571
729
1,066
4,245
3,750
488
2,393
1,272
559
722
1,121
4,296
3,778
504
2,408
1,291
631
669
1,117
4,304
3,791
512
2,375
1,221
568
654
1,154
4,122
3,636
472
2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472
2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480
3,691
3,843
3,753
3,749
3,619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
1,372
722
345
376
650
2,318
2,025
295
1,440
750
336
412
690
2,393
2,124
293
1,371
741
337
377
630
2,381
2,095
298
1,370
740
354
390
630
2,359
2,052
313
1,334
710
341
371
624
2,272
1,994
262
1,209
643
304
345
566
2,156
1,878
264
1,337
740
328
421
597
2,292
2,007
285
1,293
697
309
385
596
2,201
1,928
274
1,334
705
295
417
629
2,220
1,921
284
1,347
698
314
381
649
2,182
1,901
276
1,350
670
311
360
680
2,176
1,887
277
1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278
1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325
3,470
3,345
3,421
3,331
3,149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
1,168
609
289
318
559
2,374
2,120
253
1,151
591
235
350
560
2,171
1,960
211
1,207
651
311
336
556
2,211
2,006
199
1,152
583
268
315
569
2,188
1,962
225
1,100
531
269
261
569
2,015
1,773
217
1,152
601
282
319
551
2,093
1,909
216
1,089
555
222
322
534
2,079
1,860
224
1,057
587
262
344
470
2,044
1,822
214
1,059
567
264
305
492
2,076
1,857
220
1,061
593
317
288
468
2,122
1,890
236
1,025
551
257
294
474
1,946
1,749
195
1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194
1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155
N O T E : Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. S e e the article in this issue for additional information.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1997
1996
Age and sex
Dec.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
11.9
16.8
19.3
15.1
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.4
12.0
16.9
17.8
16.2
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.1
12.0
17.3
19.5
15.2
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.1
11.7
16.5
19.0
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3
11.3
15.6
18.4
13.6
8.8
3.7
3.8
2.9
11.0
15.7
18.3
13.9
8.2
3.7
3.9
2.9
11.4
16.5
17.3
15.9
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.1
11.0
16.3
17.9
15.5
7.9
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.3
16.2
17.9
15.4
8.4
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.2
16.4
19.3
14.5
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.1
15.5
17.5
14.1
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8
10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
12.3
17.9
20.6
15.9
9.2
3.8
3.9
3.3
12.7
18.3
20.3
16.9
9.5
3.9
4.0
3.2
12.1
17.9
19.7
15.7
8.8
3.9
4.0
3.3
12.1
17.9
20.9
16.1
8.8
3.8
3.9
3.4
11.8
17.4
20.2
15.5
8.7
3.7
3.8
2.9
10.7
15.7
18.5
14.0
7.8
3.5
3.6
2.9
11.9
18.2
19.7
17.4
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.5
17.2
18.8
16.1
8.3
3.6
3.7
3.0
11.9
17.3
18.1
17.3
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.1
12.0
17.2
18.8
16.1
9.1
3.5
3.6
3.0
12.0
16.3
18.2
14.8
9.5
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9
11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
11.5
15.8
17.9
14.2
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.5
11.3
15.4
15.1
15.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
2.9
11.8
16.7
19.3
14.7
8.8
4.2
4.4
2.8
11.2
15.0
17.0
13.7
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.1
10.8
13.7
16.6
11.6
9.0
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.3
15.6
18.1
13.9
8.7
4.0
4.2
3.0
10.8
14.7
14.7
14.2
8.5
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.4
15.3
16.9
14.8
7.5
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.6
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.9
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.4
15.5
19.8
12.8
7.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
10.1
14.7
16.7
13.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
2.7
10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6
10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
May
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
18
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, Industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1996
1997
Category
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
5.3
4.3
4.9
16.8
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.9
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.3
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.1
16.2
16.4
4.1
15.5
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
4.6
9.2
10.5
7.5
4.5
9.3
4.5
9.5
4.4
9.3
9.2
4.3
8.9
10.7
8.2
11.0
8.1
10.5
8.3
4.2
8.9
9.9
8.0
10.3
7.6
10.3
7.7
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.9
4.2
8.4
9.5
7.3
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6
4.1
8.2
9.6
7.8
3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9
3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5
2.9
3.7
8.5
2.8
3.3
8.7
2.8
3.4
8.8
2.8
3.3
8.7
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.6
2.6
3.0
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.6
2.8
7.8
2.4
2.8
8.1
2.6
2.8
7.7
2.3
4.6
5.3
7.7
7.5
2.1
4.4
5.1
7.9
7.3
2.1
4.3
4.8
8.0
7.4
2.1
4.3
4.9
8.0
7.3
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
6.8
2.1
3.9
4.7
7.2
6.6
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
7.9
2.0
4.1
4.9
7.4
6.5
2.0
4.1
4.7
7.6
7.2
2.0
4.0
4.8
7.8
6.7
1.8
3.9
5.3
7.1
7.3
1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6
1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2
5.4
5.9
7.7
9.2
4.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
4.0
6.3
3.2
5.1
3.1
9.7
5.4
5.8
5.3
9.8
4.6
4.3
5.0
5.2
4.0
6.4
3.4
4.9
2.9
8.7
5.3
5.6
4.0
9.1
4.5
4.0
5.3
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.1
4.9
2.9
9.0
5.2
5.5
3.9
9.4
4.3
3.7
5.3
5.1
3.9
6.3
3.2
4.9
2.8
9.3
5.0
5.4
2.3
8.8
4.4
3.6
5.5
4.9
2.9
6.2
3.3
4.6
2.4
9.5
5.0
5.3
3.3
8.6
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.7
2.5
7.6
5.0
5.2
2.8
8.8
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.9
3.0
6.4
2.5
4.7
2.8
10.4
4.9
5.3
4.1
8.7
4.3
3.5
5.4
4.8
3.4
6.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
8.4
5.0
5.3
4.9
9.0
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.9
3.7
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.9
5.0
5.2
3.4
8.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.8
6.2
3.0
4.6
2.6
9.0
4.8
5.0
4.5
8.7
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.7
3.3
6.1
2.9
4.3
2.4
9.6
4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6
4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
3.9
4.5
15.7
4.1
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
,
,
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
,
,
,
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
1997
Reason
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
3,174
960
2,214
849
2,567
627
3,191
953
3,148
993
2,961
909
2,052
808
2,338
573
3,094
928
2,166
827
2,333
510
2,954
894
2,060
812
2,263
564
3,010
891
2,119
894
2,173
554
3,007
893
2,114
853
2,263
560
1,971
732
2,247
555
2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560
2,991
961
2,030
692
2,497
617
3,038
958
2,080
776
2,422
569
2,934
963
2,499
596
3,147
949
2,198
804
2,608
623
100.0
44.0
13.3
30.7
11.8
35.6
8.7
100.0
44.6
13.3
31.3
12.0
35.0
8.3
100.0
43.8
13.2
30.6
11.2
36.3
8.7
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.5
11.3
35.4
8.7
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.6
11.4
35.6
8.4
100.0
44.3
13.6
30.7
12.1
35.0
8.6
100.0
45.7
13.7
32.0
12.2
34.5
7.5
100.0
44.8
13.6
31.2
12.3
34.3
8.6
100.0
45.4
13.4
32.0
13.5
32.8
8.4
100.0
45.0
13.4
31.6
12.8
33.9
8.4
100.0
45.4
14.9
30.5
11.3
34.7
8.6
100.0
45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8
100.0
46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6
2.4
.6
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.3
.6
2.3
.6
1.8
.5
2.2
.6
1.8
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.3
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.7
1.6
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,238
861
2,155
797
2,170
552
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.9
.5
1.9
.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
1.6
.4
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Duration
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
2,622
2,382
2,178
989
1,189
2,678
2,251
2,150
964
1,186
2,580
2,341
2,158
1,031
1,127
2,618
2,325
2,079
1,003
1,076
2,471
2,177
2,088
1,033
1,055
2,542
2,067
2,076
1,054
1,022
2,541
2,188
2,069
1,031
1,038
2,446
2,097
2,128
1,061
1,067
2,564
2,121
2,027
950
1,077
2,484
2,115
2,109
1,031
1,078
2,558
1,912
1,990
919
1,071
2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966
2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028
15.8
7.9
15.9
7.9
15.9
8.2
15.4
7.9
15.4
8.1
15.3
7.8
15.3
7.9
16.5
8.2
15.8
7.9
15.9
8.1
16.3
7.7
15.6
7.8
16.3
7.7
100.0
36.5
33.2
30.3
13.8
16.6
100.0
37.8
31.8
30.4
13.6
16.8
100.0
36.4
33.1
30.5
14.6
15.9
100.0
37.3
33.1
29.6
14.3
15.3
100.0
36.7
32.3
31.0
15.3
15.7
100.0
38.0
30.9
31.1
15.8
15.3
100.0
37.4
32.2
30.4
15.2
15.3
100.0
36.7
31.4
31.9
15.9
16.0
100.0
38.2
31.6
30.2
14.2
16.0
100.0
37.0
31.5
31.4
15.4
16.1
100.0
39.6
29.6
30.8
14.2
16.6
100.0
38.2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2
100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks ...
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
20
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricuttural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
204,098
15,459
7,895
7,564
17,535
117,181
39,147
18,812
20,335
44,134
22,583
21,551
33,900
18,580
15,320
21,851
11,890
9,961
32,071
9,428
8,531
14,113
136,742
7,558
3,057
4,501
13,505
98,664
33,113
15,911
17,202
37,508
19,101
18,407
28,043
15,632
12.411
12,978
8.186
4.792
4.037
2,160
1,132
745
67.0
48.9
38.7
59.5
77.0
84.2
84.6
84.6
84.6
_
84.6
85.4
82.7
84.1
81.0
59.4
68.8
48.1
12.6
22.9
13.3
5.3
130,785
6,614
2,591
4,022
12,461
95,122
31,775
15,210
16.565
36,105
18,324
17,780
27,243
15,201
12,042
12,655
7,978
4,677
3,933
2,101
1,103
729
64.1
42.8
32.8
53.2
71.1
81.2
81.2
80.9
81.5
81.8
81.1
82.5
80.4
81.8
78.6
57.9
67.1
47.0
12.3
22.3
12.9
5.2
3,103
164
85
79
256
1,988
695
300
395
760
411
349
533
264
269
365
210
154
330
150
95
86
127,682
6,450
2,506
3,943
12,205
93,135
31,080
14,910
16,170
35,345
17,913
17,432
26,710
14,937
11,773
12,290
7,767
4,523
3,603
1,951
1,008
643
5,957
944
465
479
1,044
3,542
1,338
701
637
1,403
777
627
801
431
369
323
208
115
104
59
29
16
4.4
12.5
15.2
10.6
7.7
3.6
4.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.4
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.1
67,356
7,901
4,838
3,063
4,030
18,517
6,034
2,901
3,133
6,626
3,482
3,144
5,856
2,948
2,909
8.874
3.705
5.169
28,034
7,268
7,399
13.368
98,225
7,886
4,069
3,817
8,770
57,589
19,278
9,271
10,007
21,785
11.145
10,640
16,526
9,108
7,418
10,441
5,724
4,717
13,539
4,312
3,734
5,494
73,153
3,803
1,535
2.268
7,103
52,805
17,933
8,538
9,395
20,093
10,333
9,761
14.778
8,269
6.509
7,059
4,467
2,592
2.383
1,253
646
483
74.5
48.2
37.7
59.4
81.0
91.7
93.0
92.1
93.9
92.2
92.7
91.7
89.4
90.8
87.7
67.6
78.0
55.0
17.6
29.1
17.3
8.8
69.849
3,325
1,291
2,033
6,464
50,913
17,191
8,139
9,052
19,386
9,931
9,455
14,336
8,033
6,303
6,841
4,326
2,514
2,306
1,216
618
471
71.1
42.2
31.7
53.3
73.7
88.4
89.2
87.8
90.5
89.0
89.1
88.9
86.7
88.2
85.0
65.5
75.6
53.3
17.0
28.2
16.6
8.6
2,285
134
63
71
195
1,449
521
225
296
562
303
259
367
193
174
239
139
100
268
117
71
80
67,564
3,190
1,228
1,963
6,269
49,464
16,671
7,914
8,757
18,824
9,628
9,196
13,969
7,840
6.129
6.601
4.187
2,414
2,039
1.100
547
392
3,304
478
244
234
639
1,892
742
399
343
707
402
305
442
236
206
219
141
78
76
37
28
12
4.5
12.6
15.9
10.3
9.0
3.6
4.1
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
4.3
2.5
25,072
4,083
2,534
1,549
1,667
4,784
1,345
733
612
1,691
812
879
1,747
839
909
3,382
1,257
2,125
11,157
3,059
3,088
5,010
105,873
7,573
3.826
3,748
8,765
59,593
19,869
9,541
10,328
22,349
11.438
10,911
17,374
9,472
7,902
11,410
6,166
5,244
16.532
5,116
4,797
8,619
63,589
3,755
1,522
2,233
6,402
45.859
15.179
7.373
7,806
17,415
8.768
8.646
13,265
7,363
5,903
5,918
3,718
2,200
1,655
907
486
261
60.1
49.6
39.8
59.6
73.0
77.0
76.4
77.3
75.6
77.9
76.7
79.2
76.4
77.7
74.7
51.9
60.3
42.0
8.9
17.7
10.1
3.0
60,936
3,289
1,300
1.989
5,997
44,209
14,584
7,071
7,513
16,719
8,394
8,325
12,907
7,168
5,739
5,814
3,651
2,163
1,627
885
485
257
57.6
43.4
34.0
53.1
68.4
74.2
73.4
74.1
72.7
74.8
73.4
76.3
74.3
75.7
72.6
51.0
59.2
41.2
8.8
17.3
10.1
3.0
818
30
21
8
62
538
174
75
100
198
108
90
166
71
95
126
71
54
63
33
24
6
60,118
3,259
1,279
1,981
5.935
43,671
14,409
6,996
7,413
16,521
8,285
8,235
12,741
7,097
5,644
5.688
3,580
2,108
1,564
852
461
252
2,653
466
222
244
405
1,650
596
302
294
696
375
321
358
195
163
104
67
38
28
22
1
4
4.2
12.4
14.6
10.9
6.3
3.6
3.9
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.4
.3
1.5
42,284
3.818
2,304
1,515
2,363
13,733
4.690
2.168
2.522
4.935
2,670
2,265
4,109
2,109
2,000
5.492
2,448
3,044
16,878
4,209
4,311
8,358
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
170.649
12,255
6.239
6.016
14,049
96.962
31,719
15,146
16,573
36,472
18,567
17,905
28,771
15,652
13,119
18.821
10,231
8,589
28,562
8,273
7.590
12,699
114,867
6,380
2,625
3,756
11.050
82.464
27,100
12,984
14,116
31,279
15,874
15,406
24,085
13,267
10,818
11,350
7,169
4,181
3,623
1,935
1,029
658
67.3
52.1
42.1
62.4
78.7
85.0
85.4
85.7
85.2
85.8
85.5
86.0
83.7
84.8
82.5
60.3
70.1
48.7
12.7
23.4
13.6
5.2
110,662
5,773
2,317
3,457
10,340
79,935
26.176
12,513
13.663
30,296
15,325
14,972
23,462
12,939
10,523
11.087
7.010
4.077
3,527
1,884
1,001
643
64.8
47.1
37.1
57.5
73.6
82.4
82.5
82.6
82.4
83.1
82.5
83.6
81.5
82.7
80.2
58.9
68.5
47.5
12.3
22.8
13.2
5.1
2,945
159
84
75
235
1,882
672
290
383
712
380
332
499
249
250
347
200
147
321
144
95
81
107,717
5,614
2,233
3,382
10,104
78,053
25,504
12,223
13,281
29,585
14,945
14,640
22,963
12,690
10,274
10,740
6,810
3,930
3,206
1,740
905
562
4,205
607
308
299
711
2,529
923
471
453
983
549
434
623
328
295
263
159
104
95
51
29
16
3.7
9.5
11.7
8.0
6.4
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.1
3.5
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.4
55,782
5,875
3.614
2,261
2,999
14,498
4,619
2,162
2,456
5,193
2,694
2,499
4,686
2,385
2,301
7,471
3,063
4,409
24,940
6,338
6,561
12,041
82,942
6,292
3,222
3,070
7,127
48,330
15.864
7,573
8.291
18,242
9.298
8,945
14,224
7,771
6,453
9,084
4,973
4,112
12,109
3,831
3,357
4,922
62,545
3,292
1,338
1,954
5,904
44,921
14,974
7,108
7,866
17,083
8,770
8,313
12,865
7.112
5,753
6,268
3,971
2,296
2,161
1,139
591
431
75.4
52.3
41.5
63.6
82.8
92.9
94.4
93.9
94.9
93.6
94.3
92.9
90.4
91.5
89.2
69.0
79.9
55.9
17.8
29.7
17.6
8.8
60,128
2,966
1,170
1,797
5,464
43,521
14,437
6.826
7,611
16,568
8.476
8,091
12,516
6,927
5.589
6,086
3,862
2,225
2.090
1.108
564
419
72.5
47.1
36.3
58.5
76.7
90.0
91.0
90.1
91.8
90.8
91.2
90.5
88.0
89.1
86.6
67.0
77.7
54.1
17.3
28.9
16.8
8.5
2,164
132
63
69
183
1,363
506
219
287
517
273
243
341
181
160
227
133
94
259
111
72
77
57,965
2,834
1,107
1,728
5,282
42,158
13,931
6,607
7,324
16,051
8.203
7,848
12,175
6,746
5,429
5,859
3,729
2,130
1,831
997
492
342
2,417
326
168
157
439
1,400
537
282
255
515
293
221
349
185
164
181
110
72
70
31
28
12
3.9
9.9
12.6
8.1
7.4
3.1
3.6
4.0
3.2
3.0
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.7
4.7
2.7
20,397
3,000
1,884
1,116
1,223
3,408
890
465
425
1,160
528
632
1,359
659
700
2,817
1,002
1,815
9,949
2,692
2,766
4,491
87,707
5,963
3,017
2,946
6.923
48.632
15,855
7,573
8,282
18,230
9,270
8,960
14,547
7,881
6,667
9,736
5,259
4,478
16,453
4,442
4,233
7,778
52,322
3,088
1,287
1,802
5,147
37,543
12,126
5,876
6,251
14,197
7,104
7,093
11,220
6,155
5.065
5.082
3,198
1,884
1,462
796
438
228
59.7
51.8
42.6
61.2
74.3
77.2
76.5
77.6
75.5
77.9
76.6
79.2
77.1
78.1
76.0
52.2
60.8
42.1
8.9
17.9
10.4
2.9
50,534
2,807
1,147
1,660
4,875
36,414
11,739
5,687
6,053
13,729
6,848
6,880
10,946
6,012
4,934
5,000
3,148
1,852
1,437
776
437
224
57.6
47.1
38.0
56.4
70.4
74.9
74.0
75.1
73.1
75.3
73.9
76.8
75.2
76.3
74.0
51.4
59.9
41.4
8.7
17.5
10.3
2.9
781
27
21
7
53
519
167
71
96
195
106
88
158
68
89
120
67
53
62
33
24
5
49,753
2,780
1,126
1,654
4,822
35,895
11,573
5,616
5,957
13,534
6.742
6.792
10.788
5,943
4,845
4,880
3,081
1,799
1,375
743
413
219
1,788
281
140
141
271
1,129
387
189
198
468
255
213
274
143
131
81
49
32
25
20
1
4
3.4
9.1
10.9
7.8
5.3
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.5
.2
1.7
35.385
2,875
1,730
1,144
1,776
11,089
3,729
1,697
2,031
4,033
2,166
1,867
3,327
1,726
1,601
4,655
2,061
2,593
14,991
3,646
3,795
7,550
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
22
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
24,180
2,415
1,250
1,166
2,532
14,367
5,261
2,593
2,668
5.460
2,866
2,594
3,647
2,144
1,503
2,195
1,221
974
2,670
851
726
1,093
15,685
900
322
578
1,837
11,511
4,340
2,111
2,230
4,412
2,295
2.117
2,759
1,717
1.042
1,138
716
421
299
143
89
67
64.9
37.3
25.7
49.6
72.5
80.1
82.5
81.4
83.6
80.8
80.1
81.6
75.6
80.1
69.4
51.8
58.7
43.3
11.2
16.8
12.2
6.2
14.248
601
191
410
1,563
10.689
3.975
1.901
2,074
4,086
2,112
1.973
2.628
1,637
991
1,103
686
416
293
137
88
67
58.9
24.9
15.3
35.1
61.7
74.4
75.6
73.3
77.7
74.8
73.7
76.1
72.1
76.4
65.9
50.2
56.2
42.7
11.0
16.2
12.2
6.1
91
4
4
14
64
13
3
10
32
21
10
20
8
12
7
5
3
2
1
14,157
597
191
406
1,549
10,624
3.962
1,437
299
131
169
274
822
366
1,898
2,064
4,054
2,091
1,963
2.608
210
156
326
1.629
979
1,095
79
51
35
30
5
6
5
1
682
414
291
137
183
144
131
9.2
33.3
40.6
29.2
14.9
7.1
8.4
9.9
7.0
7.4
8.0
6.8
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.1
4.2
1.3
2.1
3.7
8,495
1.515
928
587
695
2.856
920
482
438
1,048
571
477
888
428
460
1.057
504
553
2.371
708
637
1,025
9.7
35.8
45.2
30.4
18.1
7.3
9.2
10.4
8.0
6.9
7.9
5.7
4.9
4.4
5.7
3.0
4.5
3,523
809
494
315
285
1,076
324
185
139
436
234
202
316
141
175
443
214
230
909
279
247
384
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
10,847
1,189
632
557
1,161
6,495
2,358
1,174
1,184
2,497
1,323
1,174
1,641
972
669
949
542
408
1,053
340
291
422
7.325
380
138
242
876
5.420
2,034
989
1,045
2,061
1,089
972
1,325
831
494
506
328
178
144
61
45
38
67.5
31.9
21.8
43.4
75.4
83.4
86.3
84.2
88.3
82.5
82.3
82.8
80.7
85.5
73.8
53.3
60.5
43.6
13.6
17.9
15.4
9.0
6,618
244
62.7
42.4
29.8
55.3
70.1
77.4
79.5
79.1
79.8
79.3
78.2
80.6
71.5
75.5
65.8
50.7
57.2
43.0
9.6
16.0
10.2
4.4
7.630
357
76
168
717
5,026
1.847
885
961
1,919
1,003
916
1.260
794
465
491
313
178
140
58
45
38
61.0
20.5
12.0
30.2
61.8
77.4
78.3
75.4
81.2
76.9
75.8
78.1
76.8
81.7
69.6
51.7
57.8
43.6
13.3
17.0
15.3
8.9
68
2
2
5
52
9
3
6
29
19
9
15
8
29
7
5
3
2
1
6.549
242
76
166
712
4,974
707
136
1,838
883
955
1,891
984
907
187
1,245
786
459
484
309
175
138
57
45
36
62
73
158
394
103
84
142
86
56
65
37
28
15
15
4
3
2.6
730
163
68
8.7
31.4
37.2
28.3
12.0
7.0
7.7
9.5
6.1
7.8
8.0
7.7
4.6
4.8
4.2
3.2
3.9
2.1
1.6
2.4
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
13,333
1,227
618
609
8.360
520
184
337
1,371
961
7,872
6,091
2,903
2,306
1,419
1,484
1,122
1,184
2,351
1.206
1,145
1.434
886
548
632
388
244
155
82
44
2,963
1,543
1,421
2,006
1,172
834
1,246
679
567
1,617
511
435
671
29
115
241
846
5,663
2,128
1,016
1.112
2,166
1,109
1,057
1,368
843
525
612
373
239
153
80
44
29
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
57.2
29.1
18.7
39.6
61.7
71.9
73.3
71.6
75.0
73.1
71.9
74.4
68.2
71.9
63.0
49.1
55.0
42.1
9.5
15.6
10.1
4.4
the household survey.
23
23
2
7.608
355
115
240
12
4
4
3
2
1
5
837
5.651
2.124
1,015
1,108
2.163
1,107
1.056
1.363
843
520
612
373
239
153
80
44
29
95
115
429
178
107
72
185
97
88
66
42
23
20
15
5
2
2
O
4,972
706
434
272
410
1,781
596
297
299
612
337
275
572
287
285
614
291
323
1,461
429
391
642
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
201,636
134,583
66.7
127,903
3,131
124,772
6,680
5.0
67,053
204,098
136,742
67.0
130,785
3,103
127,682
5,957
4.4
67,356
89,040
68,227
76.6
65,326
2,213
63,112
2,901
4.3
20,813
90,339
69,350
76.8
66,524
2,151
64,373
2,826
4.1
20,989
97,457
58,893
60.4
56,253
715
55,538
2,640
4.5
38,564
98,300
59,834
60.9
57,647
788
56,859
2,187
3.7
38,466
15,139
7,463
49.3
6,324
203
6,121
1,139
15.3
7,676
15,459
7,558
48.9
6,614
164
6,450
944
12.5
7,901
169,044
113,573
67.2
108,686
2,935
105,751
4,887
4.3
55,471
170,649
114,867
67.3
110,662
2,945
107,717
4,205
3.7
55,782
75,751
58,510
77.2
56,302
2,059
54,244
2,208
3.8
17,240
76,650
59,253
77.3
57,162
2,032
55,131
2,091
3.5
17,397
81,285
48,740
60.0
46,860
689
46,171
1,880
3.9
32,545
81,744
49,233
60.2
47,726
754
46,973
1,507
3.1
32,510
12,008
6,323
52.7
5,524
187
5,337
800
12.6
5,685
12,255
6,380
52.1
5,773
159
5,614
607
9.5
5,875
23,794
15,254
64.1
13,782
121
13,660
1,472
9.6
8,541
24,180
15,685
64.9
14,248
91
14,157
1,437
9.2
8,495
9,495
6,808
71.7
6,261
100
6,161
547
8.0
2,686
9,659
6,945
71.9
6,374
66
6,308
571
8.2
2,714
11,911
7,581
63.6
6,935
14
6,921
646
8.5
4,331
12,106
7,840
64.8
7,273
21
7,252
567
7.2
4,266
2,388
864
36.2
585
7
578
279
32.3
1,523
2,415
900
37.3
601
4
597
299
33.3
1,515
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.
24
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
18,176
12,225
5.951
8,904
5,195
3,710
49.0
42.5
62.3
8.192
4,641
3,551
1,611
470
1,141
6,581
4,171
2.410
712
554
159
174
91
83
539
463
76
8.0
10.7
4.3
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
9.125
9.052
7,764
1,288
3,583
5.322
4,167
1,155
39.3
58.8
53.7
89.7
3,115
5,077
3,967
1,110
238
1,374
741
633
2,877
3,703
3,226
477
468
245
200
45
66
108
87
20
401
137
113
25
13.1
4.6
4.8
3.9
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,165
6.247
2,917
4,328
2,562
1,766
47.2
41.0
60.5
3.947
2,286
1.661
865
271
594
3.082
2,015
1,067
382
277
105
102
44
58
280
233
47
8.8
10.8
5.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4.834
4.331
3.727
604
1,885
2.443
1,884
559
39.0
56.4
50.5
92.5
1.646
2.301
1,769
531
162
703
343
360
1,484
1,598
1,426
172
239
142
115
27
40
61
54
7
199
81
60
20
12.7
5.8
6.1
4.9
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9.012
5,978
3,034
4,576
2,632
1,944
50.8
44.0
64.1
4,246
2,355
1,890
746
199
547
3.499
2,156
1,343
331
277
54
72
48
25
258
230
29
7.2
10.5
2.8
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4,291
4,721
4,037
684
1,697
2,879
2,283
596
39.6
61.0
56.5
87.2
1,469
2,776
2,198
579
76
671
398
273
1,394
2,106
1.800
306
228
103
85
18
26
46
33
13
202
56
52
4
13.4
3.6
3.7
2.9
14,529
9,737
4,792
7,552
4,471
3,081
52.0
45.9
64.3
7,068
4,095
2,973
1,324
378
946
5,745
3,717
2,027
484
376
108
115
69
46
368
307
62
6.4
8.4
3.5
Men
Women
7,375
7.154
3,739
3,813
50.7
53.3
3,464
3.604
722
602
2,742
3,002
275
209
69
46
206
163
7.4
5.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
7,147
7,382
6,325
1,057
3,071
4,481
3,517
964
43.0
60.7
55.6
91.2
2,758
4,310
3,380
930
184
1,139
604
536
2,574
3,171
2,777
394
313
171
137
34
48
67
53
14
265
104
83
20
10.2
3.8
3.9
3.6
2,524
1,826
698
925
523
402
36.7
28.7
57.6
729
369
360
199
53
146
530
316
214
196
154
42
48
20
28
148
134
15
21.2
29.4
10.5
Men
Women
1,204
1.320
388
537
32.2
40.7
294
435
90
110
204
326
94
102
26
21
68
81
24.2
19.0
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1.527
997
834
163
396
529
397
132
25.9
53.1
47.6
80.8
261
468
347
121
31
168
93
74
230
300
254
46
135
61
50
11
16
32
25
6
119
30
25
5
34.1
11.6
12.6
8.5
2,077
1,510
567
806
448
358
38.8
29.7
63.1
700
364
336
194
56
138
507
308
199
106
84
21
30
23
7
76
62
14
13.1
18.8
6.0
Men
Women
1,059
1,018
429
377
40.5
37.0
371
329
110
84
261
245
58
48
16
14
42
34
13.5
12.7
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,261
816
626
189
333
473
299
174
26.4
58.0
47.8
92.0
260
440
276
164
49
145
48
97
211
295
228
68
73
33
23
10
18
11
10
1
55
22
13
9
21.9
7.0
7.7
5.7
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
...
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
14.818
3.234
11.584
12,158
2,363
9,795
82.1
73.1
84.6
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,881
6.392
3.195
1,350
2,582
5,467
2,814
1.295
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
7,491
1,639
5,853
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed
Employed
Percent of
population
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
Full
time
Part
time
Total
10,883
1.972
8.910
8,945
1,392
7,553
1,937
580
1.357
1,276
390
885
1,180
347
833
96
43
53
10.5
16.5
9.0
66.5
85.5
88.1
95.9
2,079
4.894
2,660
1,251
1,597
3,916
2,284
1,148
482
977
376
102
503
574
155
45
460
535
145
40
43
39
10
4
19.5
10.5
5.5
3.5
6.578
1.240
5.337
87.8
75.7
91.2
5,842
1,039
4,803
5,182
799
4,382
661
239
421
736
201
534
705
179
526
30
22
8
11.2
16.2
10.0
2,154
3,309
1,480
548
1.658
3.005
1.393
521
77.0
90.8
94.1
95.0
1,343
2,681
1.316
502
1,125
2,371
1,216
470
218
311
101
31
315
324
77
19
295
315
76
19
20
9
1
19.0
10.8
5.5
3.7
7,326
1,595
5,731
5.580
1,122
4,458
76.2
70.4
77.8
5,040
934
4,107
3,764
593
3,171
1,277
341
936
540
189
351
474
168
306
66
21
45
9.7
16.8
7.9
1,727
3.083
1,714
802
923
2,462
1,421
774
53.5
79.9
82.9
96.6
736
2,212
1,343
749
471
1,546
1,069
678
264
667
275
71
187
250
77
25
164
220
69
21
23
30
8
4
20.3
10.1
5.5
3.3
11,776
2.518
9.257
9,879
1.909
7,969
83.9
75.8
86.1
9,045
1,678
7,367
7,493
1,206
6.287
1,552
472
1,079
834
231
603
759
196
563
74
35
39
8.4
12.1
7.6
Men
Women
6.044
5,732
5,456
4,422
90.3
77.2
4,966
4,079
4,433
3,060
533
1,019
490
344
463
297
27
47
9.0
7.8
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
2.951
5,083
2.612
1,130
2,047
4,407
2,327
1,098
69.4
86.7
89.1
97.2
1,738
4.018
2,225
1,064
1,362
3,225
1.923
982
376
792
302
81
308
390
102
34
273
364
93
30
35
26
9
4
15.1
8.8
4.4
3.1
2.423
589
1,834
1,812
377
1,435
74.8
64.0
78.2
1.435
231
1,203
1,101
143
958
334
89
245
377
145
232
360
141
219
17
5
12
20.8
38.6
16.1
1,146
1,278
868
944
75.7
73.9
667
767
557
544
110
223
200
177
199
161
2
16
23.1
18.7
753
1.077
474
120
427
870
397
117
56.7
80.8
83.9
98.2
261
703
355
115
170
538
296
97
91
164
60
18
166
167
42
2
161
156
41
2
5
11
1
38.8
19.2
10.6
1.7
2,723
641
2,082
2,107
438
1.669
77.4
68.4
80.1
1,866
372
1,494
1,502
246
1.256
363
126
238
241
66
175
218
52
166
23
14
8
11.4
15.1
10.5
Men
Women
1,499
1,224
1,316
791
87.8
64.6
1,168
698
1,020
483
148
215
148
93
138
80
10
13
11.2
11.8
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,335
967
358
63
939
803
302
62
70.4
83.1
84.4
793
726
287
60
631
556
257
59
163
170
30
1
146
78
15
2
128
76
12
2
18
2
3
15.6
9.7
4.8
(1)
Total
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
,
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
t1)
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1977, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
26
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16.
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
December 1997
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Age, sex, and race
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
35
hours
or
more
1to34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
106,618
1,863
184
1,679
104,755
8,694
96,061
83,960
12,102
95,341
1,542
144
1,397
93,800
7,740
86,059
75,473
10,587
8,701
278
33
245
8,423
795
7,628
6,526
1,102
2,576
43
7
36
2,533
159
2,374
1,961
413
24,167
4,751
2,407
2,343
19,416
3,767
15,649
11,162
4,486
2,600
279
69
211
2,321
486
1,836
1,612
224
20,294
4,322
2,271
2,051
15,972
3,102
12,871
8,963
3,907
1,272
149
68
82
1,123
180
943
587
355
4,846
438
97
342
4,408
915
3,493
3,187
306
1,111
506
369
137
605
129
476
355
121
62,127
1,071
61,057
4,976
56,081
48,719
7,362
56,284
869
55,415
4,416
50,999
44,465
6,533
4,424
175
4,249
492
3,757
3,160
597
1,419
26
1,393
68
1,325
1,094
232
7,721
2,254
5,467
1,488
3,979
2,195
1,785
1,105
133
972
205
767
671
96
6,200
2,046
4,154
1,215
2,939
1,416
1,523
416
75
342
68
274
108
166
2,845
223
2,623
584
2,039
1,812
227
459
255
203
55
148
80
68
44,491
792
43,698
3,718
39,981
35,241
4,739
39,057
673
38,385
3,324
35,060
31,007
4,053
4,277
103
4,174
303
3,871
3,366
505
1,156
16
1,140
91
1,049
868
181
16,445
2,497
13,949
2,279
11,670
8,968
2,702
1,496
146
1,349
281
1,069
941
128
14,094
2,276
11,818
1,886
9,932
7,547
2,385
856
75
781
112
669
480
189
2,001
216
1,785
331
1,454
1,375
79
652
250
402
74
328
275
53
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
53,437
930
52,507
4,225
48,281
41,718
6,563
48,403
752
47,651
3,767
43,884
38,055
5,829
3,814
156
3,658
399
3,259
2,733
526
1,220
22
1,198
60
1,138
930
208
6,692
2,036
4,656
1,239
3,416
1,803
1,613
879
117
762
167
595
528
68
5,432
1,855
3,577
1,006
2,571
1,175
1,397
381
65
316
67
250
101
149
2,051
142
1,909
390
1,519
1,332
186
366
184
182
49
133
68
65
Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
36,167
654
35,513
3,008
32,505
28,482
4,023
31,741
552
31,189
2,725
28,464
25,016
3,448
3,522
88
3,434
218
3,215
2,783
432
904
13
891
65
826
683
143
14,367
2,153
12,213
1,868
10,346
7,932
2,414
1,092
100
992
188
803
701
102
12,509
1,999
10,510
1,592
8,918
6,787
2,132
766
54
711
87
624
443
181
1,303
123
1,180
220
961
902
59
485
158
327
52
275
227
47
5,920
90
5,830
557
5,273
4,773
501
5,358
73
5,284
484
4,801
4,373
428
409
13
396
71
325
267
58
154
4
149
2
148
133
15
697
154
544
161
383
253
130
178
15
163
32
131
106
25
494
132
362
127
235
143
91
25
7
19
1
18
4
13
630
73
557
152
405
387
18
77
63
14
6
8
7
1
6,158
106
6,052
547
5,504
4,965
540
5,388
91
5,296
457
4,839
4,384
455
565
11
554
66
488
438
50
205
3
202
24
178
143
35
1,472
251
1,221
298
923
698
225
346
42
304
83
221
201
20
1,059
192
867
198
670
472
198
68
17
50
18
32
25
7
600
88
512
95
417
399
18
131
76
55
21
34
29
5
Total
Part time
Part time for
for
economic
noneconomic
reasons
reasons
Not
at
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over ,
16 to 19 years
,
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
,
,
,
,
,
White
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
,
Black
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over ,
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
,
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.
2
includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
127,903 130,785
68,434
69,849
65,326
66,524
59,469
60,936
56,253
57,647
Dec.
1996
Total
16 years
and over
Women
Dec.
1997
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
37,411
17,883
665
12,929
4,290
19,528
2,023
1,437
528
973
2,815
940
5,061
988
4,762
38,416
18,663
729
13,272
4,662
19,753
2,032
1,575
498
1,063
2,963
927
5,010
985
4,701
19,246
10,150
361
7,889
1,880
9,097
1,838
1,002
359
748
396
529
1,240
710
2,276
19,582
10,348
417
7,944
1,986
9,234
1,851
1,118
331
817
405
528
1,252
712
2,221
19,118
10,100
381
7,855
1,864
9,018
1,838
997
358
748
396
526
1,229
710
2,217
19,473
10,300
416
7,902
1,982
9,173
1,852
1,115
331
817
405
521
1,234
712
2,187
18,165
7,734
284
5,040
2,410
10,431
186
435
169
226
2,419
411
3,821
278
2,487
18,834
8,315
311
5,328
2,676
10,519
181
457
167
246
2,558
398
3,759
273
2,480
18,036
7,684
284
5,002
2,399
10,352
186
435
169
226
2,417
401
3,780
278
2,461
18,688
8,280
311
5,297
2,671
10,408
181
451
167
246
2,555
398
3,710
273
2,427
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, Including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, Including clerical
38,208
4,026
1,680
1,180
1,166
15,645
4,504
2,611
1,511
6,926
92
18,537
661
401
3,757
2,256
988
10,474
38,791
4,212
1,647
1,302
1,262
16,077
4,584
2,692
1,618
7,066
117
16,503
710
401
3,638
2,175
970
10,609
13,571
1,944
341
938
664
7,731
2,766
1,473
1,135
2,343
14
3,897
263
153
95
180
588
2,619
13,899
2,028
293
1,016
719
7,936
2,794
1,462
1,201
2,446
33
3,935
291
146
85
168
605
2,639
12,851
1,915
339
914
662
7,247
2,733
1,463
1,129
1,909
14
3,669
262
147
87
179
572
2,442
13,077
1,999
291
999
709
7,366
2,776
1,451
1,195
1,911
33
3,712
291
144
73
581
2,462
24,637
2,082
1,338
242
502
7,914
1,738
1,139
376
4,583
78
14,641
399
248
3,662
2,076
400
7,856
24,892
2,183
1,354
286
543
8,141
1,790
1,230
417
4,620
84
14,568
419
254
3,552
2,007
365
7,971
22,923
2,060
1,325
234
501
6,810
1,713
1,117
370
3,531
78
14,054
394
244
3,560
2,047
371
7,438
23,143
2,152
1,342
274
536
6,946
1,750
1,207
411
3,505
73
14,044
414
249
3,454
1,985
354
7,589
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Foodservice
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
17,089
831
2,105
14,153
6,047
2,407
2,986
2,713
17,738
887
2,323
14,528
6,148
2,531
3,037
2,812
6,713
42
1,715
4,955
2,491
268
1,686
511
7,093
64
1,925
5,103
2,619
298
1,676
511
5,846
33
1,668
4,145
1,852
258
1,586
449
6,140
53
1.886
4,201
1,909
285
1,540
467
10,377
789
390
9,197
3,556
2,139
1,300
2,202
10,645
822
398
9,424
3,529
2,234
1,360
2,301
9,267
707
367
8,193
2,831
2,061
1,243
2,058
9,498
732
378
8,388
2,820
2,115
1,300
2,153
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,595
4,517
5,201
3,876
14,213
4,828
5,298
4,087
12,384
4,356
5,090
2,938
12,951
4,644
5,187
3,120
12,149
4,284
4,976
2,889
12,646
4,517
5,051
3,078
1,211
162
111
938
1,262
184
111
967
1,183
161
109
913
1,246
181
110
955
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,435
7,955
5,346
4,140
1,206
5,135
811
4,324
18,495
7,897
5,496
4,276
1,220
5,102
735
4,367
13,936
5,043
4,813
3,655
1,158
4,079
776
3,303
13,815
4,820
4,969
3,805
1,164
4,025
707
3,319
12,969
4,870
4,714
3,561
1,153
3,384
724
2,660
12,843
4,643
4,855
3,708
1,147
3,345
653
2,693
4,500
2,912
533
485
47
1,056
34
1,021
4,680
3,077
527
471
56
1,076
28
1,048
4,290
2,833
519
472
47
937
34
903
4,469
3,002
515
459
56
951
27
925
3,164
1,223
1,941
3,132
1,282
1,849
2,584
960
1,624
2,509
977
1,533
2,393
952
1,441
2,345
974
1,371
580
263
317
622
306
316
554
263
291
602
306
296
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
N O T E : Beginning in January 1977, data reflect population controls used in the
household survey.
28
161
H O U S E H O L D DATA
NOT S E A S O N A L L Y A D J U S T E D
A-18. E m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y o c c u p a t i o n , race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Women
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
127,903
100.0
130,785
100.0
68,434
100.0
69,849
100.0
59,469
100.0
60,936
100.0
29.2
14.0
29.4
15.3
15.1
29.7
3.2
28.0
14.8
13.2
19.9
2.9
11.4
30.5
13.0
17.5
30.9
13.6
17.3
41.4
3.5
40.8
3.6
13.4
23.9
10.2
.1
2.8
7.3
18.5
19.8
6.9
7.1
5.8
3.6
13.3
24.6
17.4
1.3
.7
15.5
2.0
7.6
4.9
.9
1.8
1.0
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
11.1
10.6
14.4
11.1
6.2
4.2
4.0
2.5
6.0
4.2
3.9
2.4
28.1
14.8
13.3
19.8
2.8
11.3
5.7
9.8
.1
2.5
7.2
18.1
20.4
7.4
7.0
6.0
3.8
108,686
100.0
110,662
100.0
59,058
100.0
60,128
100.0
49,628
100.0
50,534
100.0
30.3
14.7
15.6
29.9
3.2
12.5
14.2
12.4
29.0
28.8
15.5
13.3
31.8
13.6
18.2
41.9
3.5
13.5
24.8
32.1
4.1
3.7
2.7
30.3
14.9
15.4
29.8
3.2
12.7
13.9
12.4
.6
1.7
10.1
11.3
13.5
5.7
4.1
3.7
2.6
13,782
100.0
20.2
9.1
29.9
3.1
12.2
14.5
13.4
.6
1.6
14.3
12.3
14.1
13.6
.7
1.8
10.9
14.1
5.6
17.5
1.3
.7
15.5
2.1
7.7
5.0
.9
1.8
1.0
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
.6
1.5
10.2
11.1
13.7
5.9
15.5
13.5
19.8
2.9
11.7
5.3
19.9
14.2
17.9
41.5
3.6
18.7
19.3
7.1
2.9
11.8
5.3
9.1
.1
2.6
6.5
19.2
19.0
6.7
6.8
5.5
4.0
6.9
5.5
3.9
14.4
1.9
6.9
4.5
.8
1.7
1.1
14,248
100.0
6,508
100.0
6,618
100.0
7,274
100.0
7,630
100.0
17.4
8.8
8.6
18.9
2.4
7.9
8.6
17.8
8.7
9.1
18.7
2.5
7.7
8.5
22.7
9.3
13.4
39.2
3.0
22.8
10.2
12.6
38.9
16.5
17.9
(1)
4.3
12.2
14.2
30.9
9.8
10.6
10.5
2.2
.1
4.7
13.1
14.3
9.0
.1
2.4
6.6
13.7
16.3
1.3
.6
24.1
16.3
1.3
.5
14.4
1.9
7.0
4.5
.8
1.7
1.1
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
,
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
,
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
,
Administrative support, including clerical
,
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
11.1
20.5
9.5
11.0
29.6
2.7
9.7
17.1
29.5
2.8
9.5
17.2
21.1
1.0
2.7
17.5
7.8
20.2
8.1
5.8
6.3
1.1
21.9
1.0
3.0
17.9
7.7
19.5
8.3
5.8
5.4
.9
used in the household survey.
29
29.8
9.6
10.9
9.3
1.5
11.4
24.8
25.3
1.8
1.2
22.3
2.1
10.6
6.5
1.6
2.5
.1
3.1
11.1
24.7
25.3
1.8
1.5
22.0
2.1
10.6
7.1
1.5
2.0
.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
December 1997
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminiscians
trative
Private
Profesployed
trative,
Other
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
including
hold
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial
3,103
693
8,009
20,895
12,553
8,342
147
92
1,334
2,889
1,739
1,149
78
76
133
1,987
1,340
647
9,510
27,124
4,803
22,321
1,369
2,365
559
1,806
552
555
108
447
8,434
47,170
985
46,185
31,768
5,846
2,474
6,616
4
6,612
4,070
1,378
344
15,132
8
15,124
13,267
897
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
11
5
58
836
325
511
164
70
376
1,942
1,130
812
44
3
15
325
145
180
36
247
4,639
3,942
2,802
1,140
7
28
95
6,320
3,615
2,705
34
118
494
806
420
386
11
28
806
1,089
549
540
2,539
1
11
76
70
7
327
316
205 11497
32 1,981
173 9,516
2,394
2,218
680
1,538
285
5,090
40
5,051
1,306
1,516
332
1,185
136
348
145
203
2,264
1,168
507
661
547
2,086
369
1,717
15
74
51
23
287
9,109
51
9,058
5,640
1,693
179
2,130
11
930
2,130
417
217
930
271
21
9
568
4
564
280
36
32
466
8
458
81
37
47
346
10
336
87
22
32
26
48
683
418
265
187
2,505
7
2,498
2,105
208
2,100
1,206
1,206
227
37
2,765
7,276
7
7,269
5,323
1,299
1
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
887
887
used in the household survey.
30
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricuitural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
December 1997
Nonagricuitural industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
Self-
Unpaid
salary
workers
employed
workers
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,653
153
75
78
224
453
438
243
98
44
1,405
4
3
1
26
226
318
289
261
281
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
,
1,239
125
55
70
170
338
324
174
73
34
1,023
4
3
1
19
174
238
193
165
230
Women, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
,
20 to 24 years
,
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
,
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
414
28
20
8
54
115
114
68
26
9
382
—
7
52
80
96
96
51
45
7
7
6
16
3
2
5
6
23
5
5
—
6
8
—
—
1
3
21
2
—
—
8
4
2
4
2
Other
private
industries
Government
Unpaid
family
workers
118,728
6,373
2,473
3,900
11,985
29,602
32,715
24,272
10,889
2,892
100,346
6,087
2,389
3,698
10,951
25,820
27,421
18,864
8,725
2,477
980
108
74
33
111
160
200
182
135
84
99,366
5,980
2,315
3,665
10,840
25,661
27,220
18,682
8,590
2,393
18,382
286
84
202
1,034
3,782
5,294
5,408
2,164
414
8,859
71
29
43
219
1,460
2,603
2,403
1,393
709
62,133
3,146
1,213
1,933
6,132
15,815
17,253
12,515
5,700
1,570
54,027
3,042
1,181
1,862
5,690
14,133
15,015
10,118
4,656
1,372
94
18
9
9
10
14
22
11
8
11
53,932
3,025
1,172
1,853
5,679
14,119
14,994
10,107
4,648
1,361
8,106
104
32
71
443
1,682
2,238
2,397
1,044
199
5,409
42
13
29
136
851
1,563
1,449
898
470
56,594
3,227
1,260
1,967
5,852
13,787
15,461
11,757
5,189
1,321
46,319
3,045
1,208
1,837
5,261
11,687
12,405
8,746
4,069
1,106
885
90
65
25
101
145
179
170
127
73
45,434
2,955
1,143
1,812
5,161
11,542
12,227
8,575
3,942
1,033
10,276
182
52
130
591
2,100
3,056
3,011
1,120
216
3,450
29
15
14
82
608
1,040
954
496
240
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Private
household
workers
Selfemployed
workers
used in the household survey.
31
96
5
4
1
1
18
27
34
8
2
22
1
_
1
4
8
5
4
74
3
3
_
14
19
30
4
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
December 1997
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
,
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
,
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriculture
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
126,937
2,887
124,050
100.0
100.0
100.0
30,678
1,187
5,135
15,476
8,880
1,012
71
261
489
191
29,666
1,116
4,874
14,987
8,689
24.2
.9
4.0
12.2
7.0
35.1
2.5
9.0
16.9
6.6
23.9
.9
3.9
12.1
7.0
96,259
8,763
46,394
41,102
15,017
15,303
10,782
1,874
142
654
1,079
201
334
544
94,384
8,621
45,741
40,023
14,815
14,969
10,239
75.8
6.9
36.5
32.4
11.8
12.1
8.5
64.9
4.9
22.6
37.4
7.0
11.6
18.8
76.1
6.9
36.9
32.3
11.9
12.1
8.3
39.5
43.7
39.6
47.0
39.5
43.6
NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum to
the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the
redesigned survey. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
,
Health or medical limitations
,
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
,
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
30,678
8,701
21,977
29,666
8,393
21,273
3,869
2,323
1,240
188
118
1,449
1,208
2,420
1,115
1,240
65
3,644
2,188
1,216
130
110
1,316
1,129
2,328
1,059
1,216
52
26,809
915
5,847
729
7,014
1,973
2,767
45
472
7,047
7,252
99
681
19,557
816
5,167
729
6,957
1,973
7,076
95
670
2,767
45
472
3,131
3,916
26,022
893
5,673
693
6,893
1,838
2,726
44
429
6,833
2,726
44
429
3,056
3,777
23.0
21.2
23.5
25.8
22.7
19.4
23.1
21.3
23.7
25.9
22.8
19.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
123
118
56
used in the household survey.
32
78
110
56
18,946
798
5,003
693
6,837
1,838
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Worked 110 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total, 16 years and over
124,050
29,666
Wage and salary workers
115,655
Industry and ciass of worker
Average hours
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,644
7,076
18,946
94,384
39.5
43.6
26,907
3,238
6,555
17,114
88,748
39.6
43.4
637
46
14
16
15
591
47.7
48.2
6,319
1,163
352
493
317
5,157
40.3
41.8
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
20,003
12,065
7,937
2,329
1,234
1,095
385
143
242
1,116
672
444
828
419
409
17,674
10,832
6,842
42.7
43.4
41.8
43.8
44.2
43.2
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,788
24,876
7,620
1,290
8,167
1,402
169
987
108
581
983
491
541
6,197
803
7,498
16,709
6,218
42.8
37.4
40.2
44.6
44.0
42.7
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
41,723
957
40,767
5,689
11,699
563
11,136
812
1,188
97
1,091
35
2,367
29
2,338
507
8,144
437
7,706
270
30,024
393
29,631
4,877
38.0
29.2
38.2
41.3
43.2
44.8
43.1
42.5
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,300
96
2,708
50
406
518
4
1,784
47
5,592
45
39.4
33.9
Mining
Construction
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
33
46.5
(M
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race, and marital status
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
124,050
6,265
2,436
3,829
117,786
11,872
105,914
90,728
15,186
29,666
4,673
2,280
2,393
24,993
4,117
20,876
16,130
4,746
65,875
3,097
1,186
1,911
62,778
6,137
56,641
48,356
8,285
58,176
3,168
1,250
1,918
55,008
5,735
For
economic
reasons
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,644
349
76
272
3,295
7,076
176
21
156
6,900
607
2,688
2,368
320
584
6,315
5,391
18,946
4,148
2,183
1,965
14,798
2,926
11,872
8,370
3,502
10,818
2,212
1,090
1,122
8,606
1,784
6,822
4,866
1,956
1,758
181
39
142
1,577
278
1,299
1,137
162
3,386
99
14
85
3,287
362
18,848
2,461
1,189
1,272
16,387
2,333
14,054
11,264
2,790
1,886
168
37
131
1,718
329
1,389
1,231
158
104,645
56,492
48,152
25,502
9,303
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
1,592
156
1,435
92,793
7,755
85,038
74,598
10,440
39.5
23.8
17.4
27.9
40.4
35.7
40.9
41.5
37.2
43.6
39.2
38.9
39.2
43.7
42.0
43.9
44.0
43.2
42.5
24.7
18.2
28.7
43.3
37.7
43.9
44.6
40.0
45.0
39.0
39.0
39.0
45.1
42.7
45.4
45.5
44.5
41.7
39.3
(1)
5,674
1,932
1,037
895
3,742
1,143
2,598
1,276
1,322
55,057
885
95
789
54,172
4,353
49,819
39,328
707
71
3,613
222
3,391
2,938
453
13,272
2,216
1,145
1,070
11,056
1,782
9,274
7,094
2,179
38,621
3,402
35,219
31,108
4,111
36.2
22.9
16.7
27.0
37.0
33.6
37.4
38.0
33.8
16,199
2,810
1,434
1,376
5,975
2,908
3,067
16,717
4,961
11,756
79,142
47,189
31,954
39.6
42.7
36.0
43.9
45.3
41.9
13,716
6,381
7,335
2,899
1,011
1,888
656
235
421
794
327
467
1,448
449
10,817
5,370
5,447
38.9
40.8
37.2
41.8
42.9
40.7
40,563
4,616
1,105
5,097
776
261
721
2,119
418
849
1,721
426
3,527
35,947
7,588
17,723
6,483
12,626
44.4
43.1
37.6
45.8
44.8
43.1
31,446
11,842
14,887
10,063
3,068
5,717
757
471
658
2,079
886
725
7,227
1,712
4,334
21,383
8,774
9,171
36.2
38.5
34.4
41.4
42.2
41.9
49,273
42,372
6,901
55 years and over
924
94,384
2,925
2,453
472
3,690
77
7
43,490
6,329
61
646
39.4
41.7
41.1
41.8
41.9
41.2
Race
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
,
1,000
Marital status
Men, 16 years and oven
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over.
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
,
,
,
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
34
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Worked 1 to 3 4 hours
Occupation and sex
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
Worked
Cr\r
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons w h o
usually work
full time
124,009
29,681
3,622
7,063
18,996
94,328
39.5
43.7
37,390
18,187
19,203
37,732
4,118
15,616
17,999
17,214
870
2,252
14,091
13,713
17,960
7,698
5,328
4,935
6,672
2,533
4,138
10,469
865
4,607
4,997
6,937
512
341
6,084
1,954
3,649
1,094
944
1,612
532
185
347
910
62
483
365
938
86
36
816
490
753
266
175
311
2,167
1,058
1,109
2,203
295
676
1,232
817
27
106
684
908
969
342
268
359
3,972
1,291
2,682
7,356
508
3,449
3,400
5,183
399
199
4,584
557
1,928
486
500
942
30,718
15,654
15,065
27,263
3,253
11,008
13,002
10,277
358
1,912
8,007
11,758
14,311
6,604
4,384
3,323
42.2
43.9
40.5
38.0
39.8
39.0
36.6
34.4
28.9
42.5
33.4
42.2
40.4
41.2
43.2
36.0
45.1
45.9
44.4
42.8
42.7
45.2
40.8
42.4
44.4
45.3
41.6
43.5
43.3
42.8
46.0
40.8
65,654
10,739
1,743
3,366
5,630
54,915
42.5
45.1
19,117
10,084
9,033
13,619
1,988
7,786
3,845
6,943
64
1,858
5,021
12,508
13,467
4,724
4,815
3,928
2,143
943
1,200
2,395
289
1,346
760
1,972
36
255
1,680
1,697
2,534
523
769
1,241
241
100
141
232
21
125
86
288
11
26
252
449
532
119
148
266
849
429
420
614
125
270
219
334
4
89
242
828
741
182
255
303
1,053
414
639
1,549
142
952
455
1,349
21
141
1,187
419
1,261
222
367
672
16,974
9,141
7,833
11,224
1,699
6,439
3,085
4,971
28
1,602
3,341
10,812
10,934
4,201
4,046
2,687
45.3
46.5
44.0
42.4
42.2
43.8
39.7
37.8
(2)
43.5
35.7
42.5
41.1
42.4
43.8
36.2
47.0
47.8
46.2
45.6
44.1
47.4
42.8
43.5
(2)
45.9
42.4
43.6
43.8
43.7
46.1
40.7
,
58,355
18,942
1,879
3,697
13,365
39,413
36.2
41.7
Managerial and professional specialty
,
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
,
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,273
8,103
10,170
24,114
2,130
7,830
14,154
10,271
806
395
9,070
1,204
4,493
2,974
512
1,007
4,529
1,590
2,939
8,074
576
3,261
4,237
4,965
476
85
4,404
258
1,116
571
175
370
291
85
206
678
40
358
279
649
75
10
564
41
220
147
28
45
1,318
628
690
1,589
170
406
1,012
482
23
17
442
80
229
160
13
56
2,919
876
2,043
5,807
366
2,497
2,945
3,834
379
58
3,397
137
667
264
134
270
13,744
6,512
7,232
16,040
1,554
4,569
9,917
5,305
330
310
4,666
947
3,377
2,403
338
637
38.9
40.7
37.4
35.5
37.5
34.3
35.8
32.1
28.8
37.5
32.2
39.3
38.1
39.3
37.3
34.9
42.9
43.3
42.4
40.8
41.3
42.2
40.2
41.3
44.3
41.9
41.1
42.0
41.7
41.5
44.9
41.0
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
1
2
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Women
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,525
1,257
494
3,304
1,133
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,655
1,050
394
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
696
146
78
471
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
5.0
3.4
5.2
8.5
4.2
2.6
4.8
6.9
4.3
3.1
5.0
6.6
3.4
2.3
4.2
5.4
9.6
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
4.5
2.6
5.8
8.2
3,156
495
1,676
4.9
2.9
5.9
9.0
1,349
2,653
884
621
1,148
2,417
909
398
1,110
4.3
2.7
5.7
7.6
3.9
2.3
5.6
6.7
2,232
940
504
788
1,788
700
429
660
707
142
74
491
9.7
4.5
7.0
16.8
9.7
4.2
6.6
17.3
776
128
135
513
730
122
165
443
15.8
8.7
4.7
7.2
12.7
2,284
1,150
457
677
2,187
3.7
2.7
5.6
6.4
3.5
2.5
5.6
5.9
2,181
1,079
463
644
615
525
1,782
789
575
418
4.1
3.2
5.0
6.5
3.3
2.4
4.6
5.0
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,783
957
366
460
1,652
860
370
422
3.4
2.5
5.4
5.5
3.1
2.3
5.4
4.9
1,583
857
466
261
1,236
618
391
226
3.6
3.0
4.8
4.6
2.8
2.2
4.0
3.9
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
394
141
72
181
413
138
72
203
6.6
4.4
6.6
6.8
4.2
6.7
10.8
11.9
495
117
122
255
451
109
157
185
7.4
4.8
5.5
12.5
6.6
4.4
7.0
8.5
1,774
1,211
NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
36
1,142
665
1,041
5.1
5.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates
Total
Total
Dec.
1997
,
6,680
5,957
5.0
4.4
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.2
,
800
411
389
669
357
313
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.1
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.5
1,637
127
768
742
1,436
92
733
611
4.1
3.1
4.7
3.8
3.6
2.1
4.4
3.2
3.3
2.7
3.2
3.9
3.1
2.1
3.0
4.0
4.5
3.4
6.1
3.8
3.8
2.2
5.7
3.0
1,144
61
84
1,065
79
86
900
6.3
6.9
3.8
6.6
5.7
8.2
3.6
5.8
6.3
(2)
3.0
7.3
5.6
2.8
6.6
6.2
6.0
7.6
6.2
5.7
8.0
7.2
5.4
766
167
429
170
714
190
420
104
5.3
3.6
7.6
4.2
4.8
3.8
7.3
2.5
5.2
3.4
7.6
3.5
4.9
3.9
7.4
2.1
6.5
7.2
6.9
6.3
3.6
1.6
5.1
3.8
1,462
603
293
566
136
430
1,298
466
272
560
157
403
7.3
7.0
5.2
9.9
14.4
9.0
6.6
5.6
4.7
9.9
17.6
8.5
6.6
5.3
4.9
10.0
14.6
6.5
5.2
4.7
10.0
17.2
8.8
8.3
9.5
9.9
7.5
9.7
(2)
9.7
6.9
6.2
5.2
9.5
2
( )
8.9
Farming, forestry, and fishing
341
325
9.7
9.4
9.6
8.9
10.4
11.6
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
491
303
423
289
65
69
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
,
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
92
95
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Women
Dec.
1996
Total, 16 years and over1
Dec.
1996
Men
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Total
Men
Total
Women
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
6,680
5,957
5.0
4.4
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.2
5,159
4,699
5.0
4.5
4.9
4.6
5.2
4.4
Mining
Construction
43
639
21
636
6.9
9.6
3.0
9.4
6.9
10.0
2.9
9.5
7.0
5.9
3.5
8.1
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal Industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
969
561
45
43
38
23
64
62
119
110
56
53
15
42
778
386
44
15
27
16
39
75
66
65
37
28
18
20
4.6
4.4
5.8
6.6
6.0
2.8
4.6
2.6
5.4
4.7
4.3
5.1
2.0
6.0
3.7
3.1
5.8
2.3
4.2
2.2
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.3
3.0
3.6
3.9
5.1
5.1
6.4
3.0
3.6
2.3
4.2
4.7
3.5
6.1
.9
6.1
3.1
3.2
6.4
2.5
4.6
2.3
2.7
3.1
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.0
1.3
4.0
6.5
5.8
10.6
10.4
4.6
1.5
7.7
3.6
7.3
4.6
6.7
1.5
3.7
5.8
4.9
2.8
2.9
1.8
2.5
1.9
3.7
2.1
4.5
1.0
1.2
.6
3.5
1.7
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
408
105
45
95
23
72
22
25
21
392
141
20
99
12
61
26
25
8
4.8
5.7
7.0
9.9
3.4
3.9
1.6
3.0
6.0
4.6
7.2
3.4
9.6
1.7
3.6
2.0
2.8
2.2
3.1
3.1
5.8
10.4
2.7
2.7
1.4
1.1
3.0
3.0
4.6
1.3
4.6
2.2
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.9
7.2
10.3
8.5
9.7
5.1
5.3
1.9
7.0
10.8
6.9
12.1
6.3
11.6
_
4.4
1.2
4.4
2.9
258
193
66
1,423
155
1,268
222
1,604
553
1,051
230
172
58
1,347
207
1,140
209
1,477
556
922
3.6
4.4
2.4
5.4
3.3
5.9
3.1
4.8
2.8
7.8
3.0
3.7
1.9
5.0
4.4
5.2
2.7
4.3
2.7
6.7
258
774
491
257
578
423
13.1
13.5
2.0
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Dec.
1996
2.6
_
Dec.
1997
used in the household survey.
38
Dec.
1996
3.4
4.1
2.2
4.6
2.7
5.2
3.2
5.0
2.5
7.1
13.0
2.9
__
Dec.
1997
3.0
3.9
1.5
4.6
4.2
4.8
3.0
4.8
2.5
6.7
13.0
2.3
_
Dec.
1996
4.1
5.3
2.8
6.3
4.8
6.5
3.0
4.7
2.9
8.6
13.4
2.3
_
Dec.
1997
2.9
3.2
2.7
5.5
4.8
5.6
2.5
4.0
2.8
6.7
14.8
1.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Total,
16 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Women,
20 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
6,680
3,230
1,045
2,184
1,514
670
771
2,189
491
5,957
3,051
1,053
1,998
1,355
643
634
1,849
423
2,901
1,925
590
1,335
944
391
321
598
58
2,826
1,908
688
1,220
816
404
279
598
40
2,640
1,124
368
756
524
232
351
1,035
130
2,187
1,004
319
685
475
210
292
797
94
1,139
180
87
93
47
47
99
556
303
100.0
48.3
15.6
32.7
11.5
32.8
7.3
100.0
51.2
17.7
33.5
10.6
31.0
7.1
100.0
66.3
20.3
46.0
11.1
20.6
2.0
100.0
67.5
24.3
43.2
9.9
21.2
1.4
100.0
42.6
14.0
28.6
13.3
39.2
4.9
100.0
45.9
14.6
31.3
13.4
36.4
4.3
100.0
15.8
7.6
8.2
8.7
48.8
26.6
2.4
.6
1.6
.4
2.2
.5
1.4
.3
2.8
.5
.9
.1
2.8
.4
.9
.1
1.9
.6
1.8
.2
1.7
.5
1.3
.2
2.4
1.3
7.5
4.1
Dec.
1997
Black
White
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
4,887
2,473
905
1,567
1,115
452
614
1,473
328
4,205 1,472 1,437
582
620
2,308
112
101
888
470
520
1,420
247
342
1,041
224
178
378
126
124
478
570
621
1,178
159
106
241
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
944
139
46
93
64
28
62
454
289
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.7
50.6
40.5
42.1
54.9
4.9
18.5
7.8
6.8
21.1
9.8 32.1
32.7
35.3
33.8
12.6
6.6
8.4
11.4
8.8
30.1
42.2
28.0
48.1
39.6
6.7
5.7
30.7
7.2 11.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
39
1.8
.8
6.0
3.8
2.2
.5
1.3
.3
2.0
.4
1.0
.2
4.1
.8
4.1
.7
3.7
.8
3.6
1.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
December 1997
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 tO 14
weeks
Tnousanas
of persons
r erceni
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,957
3,051
1,053
1,998
1,355
643
634
1,849
423
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.7
41.2
65.1
28.7
25.9
34.5
44.6
31.2
29.6
32.7
32.7
27.8
35.3
34.3
37.4
28.7
32.6
39.6
29.6
26.1
7.2
36.0
39.8
28.0
26.7
36.2
30.9
14.0
12.2
3.2
16.9
19.4
11.6
15.6
16.5
13.3
15.7
13.9
3.9
19.1
20.4
16.5
11.1
19.7
17.5
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,826
1,908
688
1,220
816
404
279
598
40
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.1
39.6
62.5
26.7
24.5
31.0
42.9
23.3
(1)
31.3
33.4
31.9
34.2
31.2
40.3
28.3
25.1
(1)
32.6
27.0
5.6
39.1
44.2
28.7
28.7
51.7
(1)
13.5
11.3
2.9
16.0
19.1
9.8
13.8
20.9
(1)
19.1
15.7
2.8
23.1
25.1
18.9
14.9
30.7
(1)
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,187
1,004
319
685
475
210
292
797
94
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.6
41.2
67.1
29.2
24.6
39.5
43.9
32.7
20.3
34.1
32.7
21.4
38.0
40.6
32.2
29.5
36.2
46.5
28.3
26.0
11.5
32.8
34.8
28.4
26.6
31.1
33.2
13.9
14.1
4.5
18.6
20.6
14.1
17.1
12.9
10.7
14.4
12.0
7.0
14.2
14.2
14.3
9.6
18.2
22.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
944
139
46
93
64
28
62
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.4
64.1
(1)
51.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
39.1
34.3
33.7
22.9
(1)
29.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
36.1
36.7
23.9
13.0
(1)
19.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
24.9
28.9
15.4
10.6
(1)
15.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
17.1
14.9
8.5
2.5
( )
3.5
(1)
1
( )
(1)
7.8
14.0
454
289
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Tntal
1 Ulal
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
1
used in the household survey.
A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
6,680
2,313
2,406
1,743
5,957
2,243
100.0
34.6
100.0
31.5
36.0
883
1,079
520
558
1,765
832
933
380
553
29.4
13.2
16.1
7.8
8.4
5,366
1,691
1,941
1,423
518
1,734
771
963
474
489
4,846
1,949
1,372
577
100.0
37.7
32.7
23.0
9.7
29.6
100.0
35.5
32.8
23.0
9.7
31.7
14.6
17.1
6.8
10.4
15.6
7.7
16.0
7.4
16.7
8.4
17.1
8.0
662
1,962
26.1
9.9
NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
Full-time workers
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
14.0
15.7
6.4
9.3
the household survey.
40
1,721
1,588
1,116
471
1,538
708
830
327
502
36.2
26.5
9.7
32.3
14.4
17.9
8.8
9.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
December 1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
2,243
400
394
503
533
267
108
38
1,949
318
387
486
393
234
116
15
1,765
226
264
1,036
115
174
200
258
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
16.0
11.1
13.6
14.6
17.7
20.6
20.8
27.9
7.4
5.9
7.1
6.8
8.1
9.7
8.8
13.7
17.2
11.3
13.7
14.8
19.1
23.7
23.5
31.7
7.5
6.0
7.2
6.5
8.5
9.6
9.0
20.6
14.5
10.9
13.4
14.4
16.3
16.6
15.2
7.4
5.9
7.0
7.1
7.7
9.8
8.5
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
5,957
944
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,304
478
639
742
707
442
219
76
1,227
205
233
280
1,041
263
143
73
28
186
122
76
7
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,653
466
405
596
696
358
104
28
1,017
195
160
222
270
124
35
10
908
161
155
224
207
112
40
8
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,205
2,417
1,788
1,686
947
739
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,437
707
730
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and oven
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
1,044
1,338
1,403
801
323
104
157
232
262
349
477
299
99
51
177
70
41
832
146
933
213
80
118
187
264
123
34
9
177
65
42
453
71
99
87
583
44
75
113
119
55
139
145
162
17
5
122
53
36
349
36
43
74
125
54
29
10
379
75
47
75
94
68
17
4
1,367
740
627
1,152
730
422
536
302
234
616
428
188
15.1
17.0
12.5
6.5
6.8
6.3
445
216
229
479
237
242
513
254
258
250
129
121
263
125
137
18.0
17.5
18.6
9.2
9.2
9.1
1,133
495
1,676
422
200
604
345
148
548
366
146
524
138
61
255
229
86
269
18.3
17.7
16.3
7.7
6.3
7.7
884
621
1,148
369
214
434
277
238
393
239
169
321
144
85
149
84
171
13.2
15.0
15.2
6.5
8.2
7.4
728
110
90
149
219
122
12
6
1
Race
Marital status
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
41
94
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
December 1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
Total
5 to 14
weeks
15 to 26
weeks
Total
Average
(mean)
duration
27 weeks
and over
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
669
1,436
1,065
714
1,298
325
229
518
385
303
538
138
190
459
366
207
422
127
250
458
313
205
338
61
101
246
136
95
177
20
149
213
177
110
161
40
19.7
16.2
16.5
15.4
14.3
12.7
10.3
8.1
7.5
6.0
6.6
5.7
257
646
779
387
392
778
4,093
635
3,112
306
100
302
274
132
142
92
523
71
623
24
103
204
263
127
136
83
433
59
522
27
53
141
242
127
114
95
398
81
490
51
19
76
106
43
63
54
213
28
241
21
34
64
136
85
51
41
184
53
248
30
13.4
12.4
17.7
18.7
16.8
18.2
14.9
20.5
15.5
26.1
6.1
5.1
8.1
8.3
7.9
9.2
6.8
10.1
7.7
14.7
423
125
167
131
56
74
16.5
9.2
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
,
Public administration
N o previous work experience
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Category
Dec.
1996
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
1
Dec.
1997
16 to 24
years
25 to 54
years
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1996
55 years
and over
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Women
Men
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
67,053 67,356 11,832 11,932 18,432 18,517 36,789 36,908 24,783 25,072 42,270 42,284
62,307 62,967 10,098 10,256 16,212 16,591 35,997 36,119 22,739 23,244 39,568 39,722
793
789 2,045 1,828 2,702 2,562
4,746 4,390 1,734 1,675 2,220 1,926
923 1,552
881
802 1,196
1,468
547 1,091
1,043
567
2,643 2,391
874 1,025
905 1,150 1,094
242
954
226
883
853
1,999
2,103
237
394
317
246
28
202
299
546
309
36
306
640
557
707
719
555
668
756
190
215
681
1,453
785
1,463
334
1,128
163
239
158
569
345
1,108
110
248
121
630
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2
Sex
Age
Total
84
470
33
197
22
218
92
465
25
211
16
212
206
513
108
41
94
270
189
492
66
37
64
326
44
145
22
63
152
42
82
41
91
19
199
508
34
121
185
483
12
120
60
293
49
302
135
620
129
118
98
276
160
625
97
128
72
327
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
42
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Characteristic
1
Number
Women
1
Number
Rate
Rate1
Number
Rate
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
8,219
317
7,902
921
6,981
6,273
708
582
126
8,108
311
7,797
859
6,938
6,195
742
634
109
6.4
5.0
6.5
7.6
6.4
6.7
4.5
4.9
3.3
6.2
4.7
6.3
6.9
6.2
6.5
4.5
5.0
2.8
4,293
120
4,173
414
3,759
3,335
423
347
76
4,212
133
4,079
374
3,706
3,227
479
406
73
6.3
3.9
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.6
4.8
5.4
3.4
6.0
4.0
6.1
5.8
6.2
6.3
5.2
5.9
3.2
3,926
197
3,729
507
3,223
2,938
285
235
50
3,896
178
3,718
486
3,232
2,969
263
228
36
6.6
6.1
6.6
8.8
6.4
6.7
4.1
4.3
3.2
6.4
5.4
6.4
8.1
6.3
6.7
3.5
3.9
2.2
7,176
797
466
6,935
827
516
6.6
5.8
3.8
6.3
5.8
4.0
3,759
401
271
3,648
374
316
6.4
6.2
3.7
6.1
5.6
4.0
3,417
395
196
3,287
453
200
6.9
5.4
4.0
6.5
5.9
3.9
4,576
1,464
2,179
4,563
1,364
2,181
6.1
7.4
6.7
6.0
6.7
6.4
2,713
546
1,034
2,711
453
1,048
6.4
6.9
5.8
6.3
5.6
5.6
1,863
918
1,145
1,852
910
1,133
5.7
7.6
7.9
5.6
7.4
7.4
4,505
1,892
209
1,569
4,574
1,779
231
1,487
-
—
2,673
572
138
882
2,680
570
148
795
—
—
—
—
—
1,833
1,320
70
687
1,894
1,210
83
693
_
_
—
-
AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
6,399
5,600
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997
198
187
34
83
69
12
169
141
58
73
28
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.2
1.4
2.5
2.5
1.2
2.6
2.9
2.5
601
307
172
123
569
267
168
133
3.5
3.8
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.2
2.8
3.7
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,755
6,411
1,125
2,935
2,351
1,344
7,781
6,129
850
2,458
2,821
1,652
6,597
5,786
1,021
2,644
2,121
811
6,637
5,532
757
2,232
2,542
1,105
987
2,561
2,052
799
6,468
5,391
748
2,174
2,469
1,077
18,791
8,751
5,949
4,092
19,873
9,144
6,512
4,217
16,962
8,071
5,386
3,505
17,954
8,409
5,916
3,629
16,361
7,764
5,214
3,382
17,385
8,141
5,748
3,496
9
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who
44
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1997, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Service-producing
Construc- Manufaction
turing
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Total
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Government
Services
Federal
State
Local
(1)
Annual averages
1947.
1948.
1949.
43,857
44,866
43,754
38,382
39,216
37,897
18,509
18,774
17,565
955
994
930
2,009
2,198
2,194
15,545
15,582
14,441
25,348
26,092
26,189
4,166
4,189
4,001
2,478
2,612
2.610
6,477
6,659
6,654
1,728
1,800
1,828
5,025
5,181
5,239
1,892
1,863
1,908
d)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954..
1955.
1956.,
1957..
1958..
1959 2
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366
1960..
1961 ..
1962..
1963..
1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978..
1979..
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4.542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221
11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983..
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987..
1988..
1989..
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105
25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171
20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391
64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72.544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630
5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614
5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17.315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5.948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668
17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609
1990..
1991 ..
1992..
1993..
1994..
1995..
1996..
1997P
109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,523
122,257
91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,076
102,602
24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,431
24,738
709
689
635
610
601
581
574
573
5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,400
5,627
19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18.524
18,457
18,538
84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,092
97,519
5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,261
6,426
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,483
6,657
19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,625
22,131
6,709
6.646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,899
7,053
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,377
35,597
3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,700
4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,624
4,649
10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,066
12,307
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1996:
December
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September ....
October
NovemberP ...
DecemberP ...
120,659
101,145
24,540
571
5,521
18,448
96,119
6,288
6,559
21,912
6,962
34,884
2,728
4,621
12,165
120,909
121,162
121,344
121,671
121,834
122,056
122,440
122,492
122,792
123,083
123,495
123,865
101,380
101,615
101,799
102,092
102,269
102,417
102,721
102,688
103,078
103,334
103,733
104,081
24,581
24,653
24,670
24,667
24,702
24,714
24,713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,891
24,980
574
574
572
573
576
574
574
573
576
574
572
572
5,542
5,604
5,609
5,599
5,628
5,622
5,625
5,637
5,642
5,650
5,680
5,730
18,465
18,475
18,489
18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,639
18,678
96,328
96,509
96,674
97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,604
98,885
6,351
6,376
6,405
6,421
6,431
6,434
6,443
6,289
6,473
6,497
6,498
6,488
6,570
6,593
6,611
6,622
6,630
6,634
6,664
6,675
6,687
6,712
6,730
6,743
21,917
21,922
21,945
22,029
22,026
22,079
22,159
22,189
22,215
22,258
22,373
22,425
6,971
6,980
6,992
7,019
7,029
7,034
7,058
7,068
7,082
7,108
7,132
7,155
34,990
35,091
35,176
35,334
35,451
35,522
35,684
35,702
35,850
35,945
36,109
36,290
2,723
2,716
2,709
2,708
2,703
2,694
2,689
2,690
2,680
2,687
2,696
2,689
4,621
4,624
4,622
4,635
4,636
4,640
4,671
4,664
4,662
4,663
4,671
4,678
12,185
12,207
12,214
12,236
12,226
12,305
12,359
12,450
12,372
12,399
12,395
12,417
1
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1993) are
subject to revision.
2
45
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Mining
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Construction
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997P
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.81
12.26
345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.26
424.20
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.61
16.13
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.13
732.30
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.46
16.00
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
602.94
622.40
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
December .
1997:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
34.9
$12.06
$420.89
46.0
$15.95
$733.70
38.6
$15.66
$604.48
33.9
34.5
34.6
34.4
34.5
34.9
34.7
35.0
34.7
34.6
34.8
34.8
12.11
12.14
12.17
12.17
12.17
12.17
12.15
12.21
12.39
12.43
12.51
12.51
410.53
418.83
421.08
418.65
419.87
424.73
421.61
427.35
429.93
430.08
435.35
435.35
44.2
45.6
45.7
45.1
45.8
45.8
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.4
45.5
45.1
16.18
16.06
15.98
16.05
15.98
16.11
16.03
15.94
16.23
16.19
16.38
16.43
715.16
732.34
730.29
723.86
731.88
737.84
724.56
726.86
740.09
735.03
745.29
740.99
36.4
37.5
38.4
38.7
39.7
39.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
39.7
37.8
38.4
15.73
15.69
15.67
15.75
15.83
15.88
16.00
16.09
16.27
16.30
16.25
16.33
572.57
588.38
601.73
609.53
628.45
627.26
641.60
638.77
650.80
647.11
614.25
627.07
See footnotes at end of table.
46
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayroils by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
hours
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997P
40.8
40.7
41 0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78
13.17
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.46
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65
553.14
38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.44
14.89
496.13
5Q2.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
571.82
591.13
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.42
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
515.33
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
December
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Julv
August
September
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
.. .
42.8
$13.07
$12.34
$559.40
39.9
$14.60
$582.54
38.7
$13.20
$510.84
41.5
41.6
42.0
41.8
41.9
42.0
41.2
42.0
42.4
42.2
42.6
43.1
13.04
13.02
13.08
13.09
13.09
13.10
13.11
13.15
13.24
13.29
13.36
13.46
12.38
12.36
12.39
12.40
12.40
12.41
12.43
12.42
12.47
12.54
12.60
12.67
541.16
541.63
549.36
547.16
548.47
550.20
540.13
552.30
561.38
560.84
569.14
580.13
38.8
39.5
39.5
39.2
39.3
39.8
39.4
40.5
40.2
39.8
'40.3
39.7
14.71
14.66
14.70
14.77
14.72
14.78
14.95
15.00
15.01
15.04
15.13
15.14
570.75
579.07
580.65
578.98
578.50
588.24
589.03
607.50
603.40
598.59
609.74
601.06
37.9
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.4
13.18
13.26
13.28
13.33
13.32
13.36
13.37
13.47
13.52
13.56
13.73
13.69
499.52
510.51
511.28
510.54
512.82
517.03
512.07
518.60
519.17
520 70
531.35
525.70
See footnotes at end of table.
47
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Services
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997P
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.79
13.31
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.16
480.49
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
December .
1997:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberP
DecemberP
29.3
$8.16
$239.09
36.7
$13.02
$477.83
32.7
$12.16
$397.63
28.0
28.7
28.7
28.6
28.8
29.4
29.6
29.7
29.0
28.8
28.8
29.2
8.24
8.24
8.27
8.28
8.27
8.27
8.27
8.29
8.45
8.47
8.51
8.50
230.72
236.49
237.35
236.81
238.18
243.14
244.79
246.21
245.05
243.94
245.09
248.20
35.7
36.7
36.5
35.9
35.9
36.6
35.8
36.1
35.8
35.9
36.7
35.9
12.99
13.15
13.20
13.09
13.18
13.23
13.18
13.35
13.45
13.53
13.70
13.62
463.74
482.61
481.80
469.93
473.16
484.22
471.84
481.94
481.51
485.73
502.79
488.96
32.0
32.7
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.6
12.19
12.24
12.24
12.20
12.17
12.15
12.07
12.12
12.36
12.42
12.57
12.62
390.08
400.25
399.02
395.28
394.31
398.52
395.90
398.75
401.70
404.89
412.30
411.41
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services,
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are
subject to revision.
48
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Total
Total private
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
120,659 120,909 121,162 121,344 121,671 121,834 122,056 122,440 122,492 122,792 123,083 123,495 123,865
101,145 101,380 101,615 101,799 102,092 102,269 102,417 102,721 102,688 103,078 103,334 103,733 104,081
24,540
24,581
24,653
24,670
24,667
24,702
24,714
24,713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,891
24,980
571
54
94
316
574
54
93
319
108
572
54
93
317
108
573
54
93
319
107
576
54
93
321
108
574
54
92
320
108
574
54
91
321
573
54
91
321
321
107
574
53
91
323
107
572
53
90
108
576
54
91
323
108
572
54
90
322
107
574
55
94
317
108
106
108
5,521
1,281
772
3,468
5,542
1,287
774
3,481
5,604
1,298
791
3,515
5,609
1,298
111
3,534
5,599
1,297
767
3,535
5,628
1,300
777
5,625
1,308
761
3,556
5,637
1,306
764
3,567
5,642
1,305
762
3,575
5,650
1,311
758
3,581
5,680
1,326
758
3,596
5,730
1,340
3,551
5,622
1,302
766
3,554
769
3,621
18,448
18,465
18,475
18,489
18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,639
18,678
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10,803
10,821
789
506
543
708
1,460
10,848
797
507
542
709
1,463
2,136
372
10,856
799
506
541
710
1,468
2,142
375
10,864
800
508
540
708
1,468
2,146
378
10,891
797
508
538
709
1,470
10,910
796
10,985
800
509
543
1,477
1,482
11,019
800
510
541
716
1,485
2,168
384
2,176
386
2,183
379
541
708
1,468
2,155
381
10,957
798
506
541
711
1,475
2,165
385
10,952
798
508
541
713
2,126
367
10,836
793
507
543
708
1,462
2,132
370
384
11,050
807
513
543
718
1,489
2,186
386
1,647
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,643
1,644
1,651
1,658
1,661
1,663
1,666
1,676
1,681
609
1,793
961
479
856
387
610
1,802
966
483
854
388
612
1,804
964
487
854
388
614
1,810
969
491
853
386
618
1,804
957
495
855
388
622
1,809
960
498
854
387
628
1,824
967
505
856
386
632
1,826
965
510
859
389
637
1,855
985
514
858
387
639
1,840
973
515
858
386
644
1,849
977
518
859
385
650
1,868
995
521
860
380
654
1,865
986
525
863
385
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products
7,645
1,689
42
615
840
678
1,534
1,028
7,644
1,695
41
615
835
678
7,641
1,698
42
612
827
677
1,535
1,028
7,598
1,679
40
604
810
675
1,547
1,024
7,601
138
138
138
989
92
986
90
991
90
7,620
1,701
42
602
797
677
1,552
1,030
137
993
89
7,628
1,707
41
603
795
678
988
94
1,688
40
605
803
675
1,547
1,026
138
990
89
7,605
1,690
41
604
800
675
1,548
1,028
139
985
94
7,634
1,693
41
609
818
677
1,546
1,030
139
988
93
7,604
1,684
41
608
810
675
1,549
1,023
140
7,639
1,699
41
609
822
677
1,541
1,029
140
988
93
7,627
1,692
41
607
816
675
1,550
1,027
985
94
7,639
1,694
42
612
831
678
1,534
1,028
139
987
94
96,119
96,328
96,509
96,674
97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,604
98,885
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....
6,288
4,065
228
6,351
4,121
228
6,376
4,142
227
6,405
4,164
226
6,421
6,431
4,187
226
6,434
4,193
230
6,443
4,202
229
6,289
4,049
225
6,473
4,232
227
6,497
4,247
226
6,498
4,243
229
6,488
4,227
228
449
1,642
173
1,133
14
426
2,223
1,347
876
452
1,656
175
1,168
14
428
2,230
1.354
876
453
1,664
460
1,676
460
1,702
1,221
177
1,221
14
439
2,240
1,376
864
457
1,708
176
1,211
14
439
2,241
1,376
865
458
1,710
178
434
2,244
1,372
872
461
1,692
176
1,193
14
437
2,241
1,372
869
464
1,703
179
1,192
14
435
2,242
1,369
873
458
1,687
176
1,192
14
457
1,686
14
431
2,234
1,358
876
455
1,671
175
1,191
14
432
2,241
1,364
877
14
440
2,250
1,385
. 865
440
2,255
1,392
863
463
1,703
176
1,200
14
443
2,261
1,398
863
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,559
3,855
2,704
6.570
3,863
2,707
6,593
3,879
2,714
6,611
3,889
2,722
6,622
3,900
2,722
6,630
3,909
2,721
6,664
3,938
2,726
6,675
3,957
2,718
6,687
3,962
2,725
6,712
3,978
2,734
6,730
3,995
2,735
6,743
4,006
2,737
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Service-producing
788
505
543
707
1,458
2,119
366
1,534
1,028
175
1,178
140
4,179
225
177
See footnotes at end of table.
49
2,152
178
1,192
14
436
2,241
1,372
6,634
3,917
2,717
510
1,025
716
137
993
14
1,552
1,030
138
996
88
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
DecP
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
21,912
914
2,769
2,425
3,468
21,917
914
2,757
2,420
3,474
21,922
918
2,752
2,416
3,477
21,945
922
2,783
2,452
3,478
22,029
931
2,799
2,446
3,480
22,026
932
2,787
2,452
3,482
22,079
928
2,798
2,450
3,487
22,159
930
2,803
2,458
3,502
22,189
929
2,822
2,470
3,505
22,215
926
2,818
2,469
3,507
22,258
926
2,824
2,474
3,520
22,373
932
2,855
2,508
3,519
22,425
936
2,851
2,497
3,521
2,304
1,048
1,106
1,021
7,551
2,779
2,307
1,051
1,107
1,020
7,552
2,786
2,311
1,053
1,103
1,022
7,556
2,783
2,315
1,055
1,104
1,025
7,525
2,793
2,319
1,055
1,105
1,026
7,571
2,798
2,316
1,054
1,099
1,032
7,572
2,806
2,315
1,056
1,097
1,034
7,595
2,825
2,318
1,055
1,096
1,042
7,639
2,829
2,325
1,057
1,102
1,044
7,618
2,844
2,331
1,057
1,102
1,049
7,626
2,856
2,336
1,060
1,108
1,055
7,626
2,863
2,340
1,062
1,112
1,061
7,657
2,897
2,346
1,062
1,107
1,068
7,683
2,913
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
6,962
3.343
2,030
1,475
256
532
240
568
213
2,221
1,507
6,971
3.351
2,032
1,478
255
533
239
572
214
2,218
1,505
6,980
3,355
2,034
1,479
255
530
241
576
215
2,219
1,503
6,992
3,366
2,037
1,482
254
534
242
579
216
2,217
1,500
7,019
3,381
7,034
3,394
2,044
1,487
254
543
243
586
221
2,226
1,506
7,058
3,405
2,048
1,490
253
545
243
592
220
2,230
1,509
7,068
3,414
2,048
1,491
252
549
245
595
222
2,232
7,108
3,444
2,052
1,495
250
559
252
605
228
2,239
1,516
610
231
2,246
1,520
614
233
2,258
1,510
7,082
3,427
2,048
1,491
251
554
249
600
225
2,232
1,511
7,132
3,458
2,059
539
243
583
218
2,221
1,502
7,029
3,389
2,043
1,488
253
542
244
586
218
2,222
1,503
714
1,398
713
1,402
716
1,406
717
1,409
719
1,417
719
1,418
720
1,414
721
1,423
722
1,422
721
1,423
723
1,425
726
1,428
727
1,426
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
34,884
638
1,738
1,194
7,437
895
2,721
2,406
34,990
647
1,743
1,195
7,476
893
2.743
2,427
35,091
649
1,746
1,197
7,521
897
2,758
2,432
35,176
648
1,746
1,196
7,577
896
2,787
2,457
35,334
664
1,756
35,451
669
1,752
1,189
7,618
35,522
668
1,744
1,182
7,645
35,684
673
1,747
903
2,744
903
2,748
2,407
35,850
680
1,756
1,187
7,732
902
2,762
2,423
35,945
684
1,765
1,188
7,759
902
2,770
2,427
36,109
690
1,761
1,195
7,834
904
2,819
2,484
36,290
684
1,755
1,182
7,682
901
2,767
2,425
35,702
675
1,747
1,185
7,657
894
2,732
2,395
1,256
1,112
380
530
1,483
9,567
1,278
1,123
1,291
1,126
380
529
1,494
9,612
1,721
1,306
1,132
382
528
1,503
1,360
1,139
388
550
1,563
9,712
1,375
1,387
1,401
1,418
1,145
388
549
1,568
9,731
1,148
1,153
389
549
1,154
1,563
1,587
9,750
9,770
1,754
1,764
1,763
1,766
695
1,337
1,131
386
537
1,561
9,673
1,740
1,761
3,869
682
953
2,074
2,474
590
698
1,347
1,137
387
539
1,576
9,697
3,839
673
940
2,040
2,426
575
683
1,268
1,117
380
530
1,490
9,586
1,713
1,750
3,841
677
942
2,042
2,432
578
684
3,900
682
963
2,110
2,507
594
709
87
2,191
2,906
854
911
87
2,192
2,916
857
913
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
19,514
2,728
1,870
4,621
1,927
2,694
12,165
6,815
5,350
19,529
2,723
1,862
4,621
1,928
2.693
12,185
6,831
5,354
1,703
1,747
379
532
1,495
9,600
1,720
1,751
1,753
3,852
2,041
1,486
253
1,193
7,594
902
2,752
2,419
9,644
1,728
1,322
1,136
384
532
1,542
9,673
1,740
1,764
3,864
682
952
1,745
1,762
3,877
685
1,745
1,765
3,884
685
957
2,089
2,494
594
702
957
2,094
2,497
600
703
3,892
684
962
2,105
2,502
597
707
388
550
558
252
251
559
251
1,531
1,188
7,915
909
2,864
2,513
390
561
1,602
9,796
1,771
1,774
1,767
3,909
683
968
2,514
595
710
1,769
3,921
682
973
2,127
2,529
599
717
678
946
2,047
2,445
580
690
1,760
3,857
684
951
2,062
2,458
581
694
87
2,192
2,927
862
919
87
2,193
2,934
866
923
87
2,199
2,965
869
936
88
2,201
2,971
869
941
88
2,202
2,988
877
950
88
2,209
3,010
878
959
88
2,206
3,027
881
968
88
2,202
3,038
886
969
88
2,204
3,061
891
976
89
2,200
3,072
893
978
90
2,210
3,098
902
988
19,547
2,716
1,861
4,624
1,931
2,693
12,207
6,849
5,358
19,545
2,709
1,856
4,622
1,929
2,693
19,579
2,708
1,856
4,635
1,938
2,697
12,236
6,858
5,378
19,565
2,703
1,851
4,636
1,943
2,693
12,226
6,850
5,376
19,639
2,694
1,843
4,640
1,950
2,690
12,305
6,902
5,403
19,719
2,689
1,839
4,671
1,972
2,699
12,359
6,954
5,405
19,804
2,690
1,830
4,664
1,961
2,703
12,450
7,030
5,420
19,714
2,680
1,824
4,662
1,962
2,700
12,372
6,957
5,415
19,749
2,687
1,832
4,663
1,962
2,701
12,399
6,963
5,436
19,762
2,696
1,828
4,671
1,966
2,705
12,395
6,964
5,431
19,784
2,689
1,824
4,678
1,975
2,703
12,417
6,968
5,449
3,846
676
943
2,046
2,438
579
12,214
6.853
5,361
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
2,409
1,500
250
7,155
3,471
2,065
1,504
2,062
2,466
587
2,121
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
50
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Oct.
Total
Total private
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
58,242 58,340 58,464 58,539 58,618 58,740 58,904 58,987 59,125 59,332 59,378 59,452 59,576
47,473 47,564 47,661 47,729 47,791 47,907 48,048 48,130 48,215 48,370 48,343 48,487 48,582
6.612
6.613
6.619
6,621
6.618
6.622
6,632
6.634
6,651
6.650
6,649
6,655
6,672
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
80
610
613
615
616
618
619
624
628
629
631
631
635
639
5,924
5,922
5,926
5,927
5,922
5,925
5,930
5,927
5,943
5,940
5,939
5,941
5,953
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,842
136
157
102
101
321
458
680
367
(1)
171
2,845
136
158
101
101
321
459
680
369
(1)
171
2,849
136
158
102
101
322
461
679
370
(1)
171
2,856
137
158
102
102
323
463
678
373
2,861
137
159
102
103
322
467
677
376
(1)
171
2,867
138
159
102
102
324
469
677
377
(1)
171
2,868
138
160
101
101
324
471
677
378
(1)
172
2,857
137
158
102
102
322
465
677
374
(1)
172
171
2,884
138
160
101
103
326
473
681
384
(1)
171
2,890
139
160
102
102
325
475
683
383
(1)
172
2,899
139
160
101
103
327
477
682
392
(1)
170
2,901
139
159
101
103
327
478
687
390
(1)
169
2,914
139
160
102
103
327
481
690
394
(1)
169
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,082
554
13
288
632
164
694
327
24
335
51
3,077
555
13
287
628
164
693
326
25
335
51
3,077
557
13
288
625
165
692
326
25
335
51
3,071
558
13
287
621
164
691
326
25
335
51
3,065
557
13
286
617
164
691
326
25
336
50
3,064
558
13
286
614
164
690
327
25
336
51
3,063
558
12
285
611
164
694
327
25
337
50
3,059
557
13
285
605
164
696
327
25
337
50
3,059
558
12
285
603
164
700
327
24
337
49
3,050
554
13
285
603
163
699
325
25
335
48
3,040
551
12
282
599
163
698
325
24
338
48
3,040
553
13
283
593
164
699
326
24
338
47
3,039
555
13
282
590
165
699
326
24
338
47
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
0)
51,630 51,727 51,845 51,918 52,000 52,118 52,272 52,353 52,474 52,682 52,729 52,797 52,904
Transportation and public utilities
1,916
1,921
1,905
1,927
1,931
1,936
1,941
1,944
1,943
1,940
1,893
1,944
1,946
Wholesale trade
2.019
2,023
2,025
2,033
2,036
2,043
2,045
2,049
2,050
2,054
2,056
2,053
2,061
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
11,485 11,513 11,550 11,536 11,523 11,562 11,603 11,609 11,633 11,679 11,687 11,700 11,719
4,377
4,383
4,392
4,395
4,400
4,406
4,418
4,429
4,437
4,445
4,454
4,462
4,475
Services
21,064 21,111 21,170 21,217 21,283 21,338 21.409 21,465 21,501 21,602 21,604 21,673 21,709
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,769 10,776 10,803 10,810 10,827 10,833 10,856 10,857 10,910 10,962 11,035 10,965 10,994
1,155
1,165
1,149 1,147
1,157
1,155
1,151
1,147
1,144 1,141
1,142 1,136 1,142
2,340 2,342 2,342 2,341 2,348 2,350 2,354 2,364 2,368 2,391 2,390 2,385 2,396
7,274 7,277 7,296 7,314 7,328 7,334 7,355 7,346 7,398 7,430 7,503 7,444 7,456
1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject
to revision.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
82,892 83,043 83,318 83,476 83,664 83,865 83,965 84,243 84,097 84,447 84,624 84,964 85,232
17,451 17,495 17,578 17,561
17,542 17,592 17,573 17,577 17,610 17,618 17,643 17,714 17,794
427
430
432
432
432
437
435
435
434
436
435
433
435
4,281
4,307
4,384
4,358
4,336
4,365
4,347
4,350
4,361
4,364
4,357
4,397
4,431
12,743 12,758 12,762 12,771 12,774 12,790 12,791 12,792 12,815 12,818 12,851 12,884 12,928
1,324
1,043
7,417
652
400
423
553
1,099
1,331
1,042
1,216
759
(2)
272
1,222
762
(2)
273
5,345
1,256
5,341
1,260
32
522
683
517
834
567
91
763
72
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,398
650
399
423
552
1,097
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Jan.
32
522
686
517
836
568
92
763
73
7,427
652
401
424
553
1,101
1,336
1,043
1,222
759
(2)
273
5,335
1,257
32
519
680
517
834
567
92
765
72
7,454
659
403
420
553
1,107
1,342
1,043
1,225
761
(2)
271
7,440
658
402
420
553
1,107
1,349
1,041
1,220
752
(2)
271
5,334
1,261
32
519
675
516
834
567
92
766
72
5,334
1.263
31
517
671
516
839
567
92
767
71
7,437
656
402
422
553
1,103
1,350
1,040
7,466
656
404
419
555
1,109
1,354
1,043
1,231
758
(2)
272
1,234
766
(2)
271
5,336
1,257
5,325
1,256
31
516
670
517
846
568
92
768
71
31
515
667
515
847
566
91
767
70
7,482
655
405
422
554
1,106
1,356
1,048
1,243
768
(2)
272
7,525
656
403
422
558
1,116
7,518
657
404
422
1,361
1,361
1,055
271
1,256
774
(2)
269
5,310
1,248
32
516
665
514
846
565
91
764
69
5,290
1,242
31
512
658
513
842
566
91
767
68
5,300
1,252
31
513
654
514
841
569
91
768
67
1,054
1,265
784
(2)
558
1,115
7,545
658
405
424
561
1,119
1,371
1,056
1,261
775
(2)
269
5,306
1,255
32
513
652
514
842
571
90
769
68
7,572
659
406
423
562
1,120
1,377
1,064
1,275
789
(2)
265
5,312
1,263
33
510
649
513
843
575
90
769
67
7,603
667
408
425
564
1,126
1,377
1,074
1,268
779
(2)
270
5,325
1,265
31
512
649
516
843
578
91
774
66
65,441 65,548 65,740 65,915 66,122 66,273 66,392 66,666 66,487 66,829 66,981 67,250 67,438
Transportation and public utilities
5,298
5,349
5,372
5.397
5,412
5,420
5,421
5,419
5,226
5,417
5,427
5,413
5,416
Wholesale trade
5,298
5,307
5,323
5,340
5,339
5,348
5,347
5,368
5,374
5,377
5,396
5,406
5,410
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
19,277 19,282 19,298 19,338 19,384 19,398 19,434 19,497 19,513 19,538 19,576 19,693 19,718
5,077
5,088
5,099
5,103
5,135
5,137
5,154
5,161
5,171
5,196
5,217
5,224
30.491 30,522 30,648 30,737 30,863 30,972 31,053 31,228 31,213 31,326 31,386 31,521 31,670
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
5,124
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject
to revision.
52
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
59.7
57.6
62.4
51.7
59.3
61.0
61.9
60.1
64.3
59.1
49.6
67.1
54.5
60.1
59.0
57.6
64.5
55.6
54.9
61.1
61.5
57.7
48.0
62.9
57.4
56.2
63.9
53.9
60.5
50.7
55.5
62.5
54.1
56.5
58.8
58.3
62.6
59.8
59.3
58.7
62.2
61.4
57.0
54.4
56.5
59.6
60.3
54.9
62.6
64.2
61.7
63.8
57.2
58.1
P61.7
59.3
62.4
57.9
61.0
P61.9
Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
64.7
65.3
65.4
62.6
64.6
60.8
69.5
62.5
63.6
62 2
60.5
70.4
58.7
62.6
64.2
58.6
68.7
53.2
61.2
65.6
62.9
67.1
54.6
62.1
59.7
63.6
67.0
52.4
63.1
58.7
59.6
69.1
57.9
62.6
59.1
62.9
69.7
59.6
58.8
65.0
64.7
65.7
59.7
62.8
65.3
66.9
65.6
59.0
60.4
P66.9
64.3
67.0
57.0
64.7
P70.2
63.6
66.2
56.3
65.0
Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
62.9
71.1
66.9
62.2
67.6
64.6
69.8
61.4
63.5
66.6
64.3
69.8
58.1
63.5
64.5
64.3
70.9
56.6
63.5
64.6
62.2
70.1
58.1
62.6
64.3
65.6
69.8
58.1
61.2
66.7
66.0
69.7
56.7
65.3
67.0
64.9
69.4
59.8
63.6
P69.0
66.3
69.4
60.3
62.6
P70.8
66.7
67.4
59.1
64.5
69.4
67.7
61.5
64.2
69.2
66.2
63.3
67.4
Over 12-month span:
1993
1994 .. .
1995
1996
1997
64.9
70.2
63.6
63.5
67.3
63.9
71.6
62.4
64.7
66.2
64.0
71.8
62.6
62.4
69.4
65.4
71.8
63.3
62.9
70.4
67.0
72.1
61.7
64.7
P69.1
67.6
71.8
61.9
64.2
P70.5
67.6
71.5
58.7
65.0
67.0
72.1
62.2
63.1
70.2
70.1
62.2
63.8
69.5
69.5
61.1
66.7
69.2
66.6
62.2
65.7
70.1
65.0
63.3
65.0
1997
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
52.2
55.8
54.3
45.7
54.0
56.8
59.0
56.1
54.3
50.4
49.6
60.4
44.2
47.8
52.9
44.2
58.6
51.4
39.2
52.9
53.2
52.9
42.1
52.2
51.4
46.4
58.6
42.8
52.2
49.3
49.3
59.4
43.5
44.2
51.8
51.8
56.1
52.2
52.9
49.6
57.9
52.9
47.1
44.2
54.3
52.2
55.0
50.0
50.7
57.6
54.0
58.6
47.5
49.6
P59.4
55.8
58.3
50.7
52.2
P57.6
Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
61.5
61.9
59.7
47.5
53.2
59.0
64.7
50.4
47.8
51.4
54.0
65.5
47.5
42.1
50.7
46.8
59.7
40.3
38.5
52.5
48.6
57.6
42.4
43.2
48.6
54.3
60.1
36.3
45.0
48.9
51.1
62.2
38.5
48.9
48.6
58.3
57.9
43.9
43.2
53.6
57.2
55.0
49.3
50.4
55.8
59.4
55.4
46.4
46.4
P62.6
54.7
60.1
45.3
52.5
P65.1
58.3
59.4
43.9
52.5
Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
55.8
62.2
55.8
41.4
53.2
58.6
62.2
48.6
41.7
53.2
58.6
62.6
43.9
41.0
50.4
55.8
63.3
38.8
38.1
49.3
51.8
59.4
39.2
39.6
48.6
57.2
56.5
39.6
40.6
52.2
59.7
56.5
38.8
47.5
55.0
57.2
58.6
39.6
46.8
P57.9
57.6
58.6
43.9
45.3
P60.4
58.3
55.0
45.0
50.4
62.6
58.3
44.2
48.2
60.8
55.0
44.6
53 2
Over 12-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
56.8
57.9
46.0
39.6
51.4
57.9
58.6
44.2
42.8
47.8
55.8
60.8
46.0
39.2
52.2
58.6
60.8
47.8
39.6
55.0
57.2
60.8
41.0
42.4
P56.5
57.6
63.3
41.7
40.3
P57.2
58.6
59.4
38.5
43.5
59.0
60.1
38.8
40.3
61.2
57.2
36.3
43.5
59.7
56.5
37.4
46.8
60.1
50.4
38.1
46.4
57.6
49.6
39.9
47.1
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,
where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1993) are subject to revision.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Total1
1,837.3 1,839.6 1,847.3 1,844.0 1,847.5 1,841.8 1,845.2 1,846.4 1,847.5 1,852.7 1,853.6
263.2
266.7
262.6
264.4
266.7
265.4
262.6
267.0
266.4
265.1
265.8
1,934.5 1,950.2 1,956.9 1,960.4 1,972.1 1,974.7 1,980.5 1,982.2 1,991.8 2,008.6 2,021.9
1,090.0 1,092.5 1,094.6 1,095.7 1,097.9 1,099.1 1,095.6 1,096.0 1,098.9 1,099.3 1,102.4
12,960.1 13,004.1 13,052.6 13,070.3 13,107.3 13,128.5 13,143.0 13,150.2 13,206.6 13,236.2 13,266.2
1,834.8
262.8
1,936.8
1,090.6
12,931.2
1,836.5
263.0
1,937.1
1,092.7
12,944.5
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
1,919.1
1,595.3
380.3
619.0
6,268.2
1,921.5
1,596.5
382.1
620.7
6,283.3
1,922.0
1,593.6
381.5
618.0
6,297.4
1,933.3
1,597.4
383.9
621.3
6,316.7
1,938.6
1,598.6
385.0
619.6
6,330.6
1,933.5
1,602.6
386.1
615.8
6,358.5
1,935.8
1,607.0
387.6
613.2
6,384.0
1,938.9
1,613.2
388.1
614.9
6,399.1
1,940.3
1,620.5
388.5
618.1
6,404.6
1,938.9
1,620.5
389.5
614.1
6,414.9
1,949.7
1,622.7
392.6
611.9
6,449.7
1,953.4
1,622.3
394.2
610.8
6,460.5
1,957.9
1,629.1
394.8
609.3
6,486.8
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
3,558.8
526.8
497.7
5,704.5
2,827.5
3,571.0
528.2
498.0
5,714.4
2,825.7
3,555.0
532.3
497.2
5,699.8
2,814.9
3,558.1
530.9
499.0
5,708.8
2,823.2
3,567.7
528.8
500.5
5,721.7
2,833.8
3,573.9
529.0
501.3
5,733.2
2,839.1
3,584.4
528.1
503.5
5,743.3
2,852.2
3,588.9
528.1
501.2
5,752.1
2,855.1
3,609.4
527.1
502.9
5,752.9
2,842.9
3,622.8
529.0
502.1
5,753.4
2,850.6
3,644.7
529.7
503.8
5,766.3
2,847.7
3,666.5
528.2
504.1
5,769.7
2,857.0
3,680.2
527.0
505.3
5,784.1
2,856.9
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
1,386.9
1,251.0
1,680.9
1,827.6
541.2
1,392.1
1,247.4
1,688.6
1,829.6
540.8
1,391.4
1,247.6
1,689.2
1,828.2
545.2
1,393.3
1,250.5
1,691.9
1,831.0
545.7
1,395.5
1,258.8
1,701.6
1,833.1
546.5
1,400.7
1,257.8
1,704.3
1,837.9
546.3
1,403.2
1,263.2
1,709.7
1,835.8
546.4
1,407.2
1,263.4
1,708.7
1,839.2
548.0
1,404.4
1,266.7
1,711.2
1,838.9
549.8
1,403.0
1,263.7
1,706.4
1,837.0
551.2
1,403.9
1,268.6
1,715.1
1,842.6
553.2
1,411.6
1,273.3
1,710.5
1,847.8
553.0
1,412.3
1,276.3
1,718.0
1,848.0
555.8
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi .:
2,220.3
3,071.7
4,371.0
2,448.5
1,096.2
2,223.1
3,075.9
4,376.2
2,453.7
1,096.5
2,225.6
3,071.4
4,377.9
2,455.6
1,093.2
2,238.1
3,075.7
4,398.1
2,465.5
1,093.8
2,243.5
3,083.3
4,401.4
2,474.1
1,097.2
2,238.5
3,090.7
4,398.6
2,468.4
1,099.1
2,244.7
3,103.1
4,409.8
2,478.7
1,101.7
2,254.2
3,107.3
4,406.2
2,487.7
1,097.7
2,253.8
3,115.0
4,401.1
2,489.4
1,099.9
2,246.7
3,117.6
4,402.0
2,489.4
1,104.6
2,249.9
3,130.5
4,417.1
2,492.3
1,104.8
2,254.8
3,140.4
4,421.3
2,494.3
1,107.2
2,259.9
3,148.6
4,432.3
2,500.8
1,108.7
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
2,584.3
362.9
843.0
565.6
2,592.8
360.6
843.4
869.9
566.6
2,584.1
359.6
846.6
874.1
566.1
2,599.8
361.5
848.6
879.4
566.4
2,599.6
362.3
852.5
882.8
568.0
2,597.9
363.1
848.7
886.8
568.0
2,609.0
365.1
847.5
890.6
572.8
2,611.9
364.4
848.7
898.3
574.4
2,601.5
364.4
853.2
898.8
579.5
2,610.5
364.4
847.4
896.9
576.2
2,611.3
364.6
855.5
904.7
573.0
2,612.6
365.6
856.9
904.7
573.6
2,622.8
367.1
860.9
911.3
573.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
3,665.9
698.2
7,959.1
3,608.6
312.0
3,668.7
700.6
7,963.4
3,615.8
312.5
3,678.2
699.0
7,942.0
3,619.8
312.6
3,686.1
700.1
7,958.0
3,617.1
314.3
3,691.0
701.1
7,977.3
3,628.4
314.0
3,692.0
701.6
7,984.4
3,629.9
312.6
3,694.5
702.8
7,994.4
3,636.8
315.3
3,701.0
707.8
8,001.4
3,634.0
318.0
3,706.1
708.2
8,015.0
3,628.0
318.0
3,697.7
707.1
8,018.1
3,631.4
318.4
3,717.9
708.6
8,042.0
3,647.0
318.5
3,724.6
709.5
8,062.3
3,653.9
319.1
3,733.1
710.8
8,075.1
3,675.0
320.4
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
5,317.5
1,373.1
1,500.9
5,350.6
445.8
5,329.7
1,376.6
1,501.6
5,361.4
445.6
5,326.9
1,377.7
1,504.2
5,367.8
442.6
5,335.6
1,380.3
1,512.6
5,388.2
442.5
5,339.0
1,384.2
1,510.8
5,393.0
5,335.3
1,378.9
1,519.6
5,407.7
444.9
5,347.7
1,386.4
1,523.5
5,422.2
445.1
5,357.9
1,387.8
1,526.1
5,420.4
444.3
5,351.6
1,391.8
1,529.6
5,421.7
443.9
5,360.1
1,402.1
1,527.3
5,414.6
445.9
5,362.0
1,400.2
1,533.3
5,451.4
448.1
5,358.5
1,404.2
1,536.4
5,460.0
449.6
5,369.6
1,408.1
1,536.4
5,466.5
449.6
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
1,691.4
351.1
2,551.4
8,335.2
969.5
1,684.1
351.4
2,556.2
8,353.0
973.6
1.680.2
350.1
2,553.3
8,329.1
974.9
1,685.1
351.8
2,558.6
8,374.7
979.0
1,691.0
349.9
2,554.9
8,391.5
980.3
1,696.7
349.5
2,552.0
8,415.5
982.8
1,703.3
354.4
2,550.1
8,442.2
989.2
1,706.5
352.4
2,555.5
8,447.0
994.7
1,707.9
353.9
2,547.2
8,465.2
996.8
1,708.3
353.2
2,550.5
8,486.1
997.6
1,713.0
354.5
2,559.6
8,517.8
1,002.6
1,715.9
354.1
2,565.5
8,523.9
1,004.3
1,723.4
354.3
2,572.0
8,560.2
1,011.7
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
276.2
3,165.0
2,440.0
702.6
2,628.5
221.7
275.9
3,175.8
2,448.3
701.5
2,629.0
221.7
277.1
3,184.9
2,452.8
701.5
2,624.4
221.0
277.6
3,193.9
2,456.6
703.7
2,627.8
221.4
277.2
3,199.3
2,467.4
708.2
2,635.0
222.1
278.0
3,194.9
2,473.8
708.5
2,637.3
221.0
278.5
3,200.9
2,485.0
707.9
2,645.1
221.7
279.3
3,200.8
2,499.6
709.9
2,651.1
220.2
279.0
3,212.9
2,508.7
709.5
2,647.6
221.7
278.2
3,219.5
2,512.9
711.2
2,651.6
221.2
278.2
3,227.3
2,520.0
710.6
2,661.4
222.0
280.3
3,238.7
2,526.8
709.8
2,670.3
224.1
279.7
3,251.3
2,532.1
711.9
2,677.8
222.2
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
See footnotes at end of table.
54
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Mar.
Feb.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
96.5
12.6
129.0
48.1
528.8
96.5
12.8
129.2
48.3
527.4
97.8
12.6
126.4
47.4
537.8
98.2
12.1
127.0
48.1
548.1
99.9
11.8
127.8
49.1
549.5
98.9
12.2
129.3
49.4
548.5
100.3
12.5
132.0
49.5
552.4
98.8
12.5
132.6
49.7
553.3
98.8
12.6
133.9
49.7
559.7
98.5
12.6
133.0
50.0
564.6
98.3
12.4
133.3
50.3
568.5
98.1
12.3
134.5
49.7
571.8
98.0
12.4
133.6
49.6
571.8
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
114.6
51.9
21.5
8.5
324.0
114.7
51.7
21.9
8.5
324.9
111.7
51.9
21.6
8.5
325.9
115.8
52.6
22.1
9.1
329.2
115.9
53.1
22.1
9.0
328.9
116.4
53.7
22.1
8.6
329.7
116.7
54.7
22.3
8.7
331.4
116.2
55.7
22.8
8.8
335.1
116.3
55.7
22.6
8.9
335.6
116.5
55.9
22.8
8.4
335.9
117.6
56.6
23.0
8.2
337.0
117.6
56.8
23.3
8.2
336.9
114.2
57.3
23.0
8.3
338.1
Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
164.8
20.7
30.5
222.1
164.1
22.4
30.2
220.5
131.0
165.2
22.4
30.7
219.1
132.9
164.0
21.8
31.5
220.0
133.9
165.5
21.5
32.2
225.8
137.6
164.8
21.3
33.0
222.3
138.5
164.7
21.4
33.0
224.2
137.3
165.4
21.1
33.1
225.0
135.4
166.8
20.9
33.4
225.4
135.0
168.6
21.0
33.7
225.2
134.5
169.5
21.3
33.4
224.9
134.1
169.6
21.2
32.8
226.6
131.1
165.8
22.7
30.4
223.2
132.9
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
58.8
57.5
78.3
113.7
23.7
61.3
58.2
77.8
113.6
23.6
59.1
56.7
79.8
112.8
23.8
60.7
58.1
78.7
114.1
23.5
60.9
60.2
79.0
111.6
23.7
63.0
60.0
78.6
114.2
23.4
62.5
60.6
78.9
113.6
23.6
62.0
60.3
77.0
114.1
24.0
61.9
60.6
78.0
114.3
24.2
61.2
60.7
77.7
115.8
24.5
61.3
61.4
78.1
114.3
24.4
61.8
61.8
78.5
114.5
24.2
62.4
62.0
78.3
112.6
24.7
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
132.8
95.9
171.0
89.0
49.3
133.3
97.0
172.9
89.7
49.6
137.6
97.2
173.3
92.3
48.5
139.2
98.3
179.7
92.3
48.1
140.7
98.2
180.5
92.3
48.0
139.0
98.4
183.4
91.3
48.7
138.5
99.9
184.8
92.6
49.1
138.9
98.7
186.6
93.1
48.4
138.1
98.9
187.0
92.5
48.9
138.3
98.9
188.8
92.9
50.2
137.9
98.5
187.5
93.1
50.0
138.6
99.4
188.9
93.1
50.8
139.1
100.7
190.1
93.7
50.3
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
118.4
17.8
37.0
80.4
21.5
120.5
17.5
37.1
80.0
21.6
117.7
16.8
38.3
80.2
21.2
121.7
17.4
38.6
81.5
21.1
118.5
17.3
39.0
81.4
21.2
116.0
17.2
38.0
83.2
21.0
117.8
18.4
38.2
83.4
22.1
117.1
18.0
37.8
84.5
21.6
116.8
18.4
37.8
84.5
21.0
118.7
19.0
37.5
84.5
21.3
121.4
18.1
37.7
85.2
21.6
120.3
18.2
37.7
84.5
21.5
120.9
18.8
38.1
86.0
21.2
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
124.2
41.3
260.2
194.1
15.2
124.0
41.5
261.4
194.6
15.5
125.0
41.4
251.2
198.2
15.6
125.4
41.9
253.9
200.3
15.9
126.3
42.0
257.9
200.5
15.8
125.7
41.3
259.4
199.7
14.8
126.6
41.7
260.8
199.2
15.7
126.5
41.8
262.0
197.8
16.9
126.3
42.2
263.8
198.2
16.9
127.6
42.3
267.3
199.4
16.8
128.4
42.5
269.2
201.6
16.4
128.3
42.2
269.1
201.8
16.2
128.3
41.6
271.3
202.5
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
214.6
50.8
81.3
217.2
51.5
81.5
205.8
13.3
215.4
51.0
81.8
211.6
13.9
217.7
51.7
81.9
214.2
14.3
217.7
52.2
79.5
213.0
14.8
219.9
51.5
81.7
214.4
15.1
220.8
51.7
83.5
214.2
14.8
222.4
51.7
85.6
218.2
14.2
219.6
51.6
85.6
215.5
14.5
218.7
52.1
86.2
215.5
14.9
219.9
52.4
86.9
217.2
14.8
221.3
52.3
84.5
218.4
14.5
220.8
52.4
84.8
220.0
14.9
204.6
13.4
94.7
133.8
16.5
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
114.9
444.5
61.6
95.2
14.8
114.7
445.1
61.9
95.8
14.8
115.1
437.1
62.0
96.3
14.7
115.8
447.3
62.1
96.6
14.3
114.5
449.2
61.5
96.1
14.1
114.5
451.1
61.4
97.3
15.0
118.0
456.0
63.9
98.9
14.9
117.8
458.8
65.1
98.5
15.0
118.7
457.7
66.3
98.9
15.1
119.2
460.5
66.2
98.9
15.2
120.0
461.3
66.2
99.7
15.0
120.2
460.2
66.5
100.0
15.0
120.8
462.8
67.3
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.8
177.1
129.7
35.1
108.9
14.4
12.8
178.2
130.1
35.2
108.9
14.6
12.8
183.1
130.6
35.4
107.8
14.6
12.6
184.5
130.6
35.7
106.8
14.3
12.2
184.5
131.1
36.8
109.0
14.2
12.3
183.0
132.4
36.2
110.0
13.9
12.2
183.0
132.5
35.0
111.4
14.2
12.1
182.5
133.0
35.5
113.0
13.7
12.2
182.4
133.3
36.0
112.9
14.0
12.3
182.8
134.3
36.5
112.7
14.5
12.2
182.4
134.8
35.8
111.0
14.8
12.3
185.3
135.2
35.1
111.1
15.2
12.3
186.6
136.9
34.9
112.0
14.9
14.6
See footnotes at end of table.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Manufacturing
381.4
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
16.2
200.9
252.3
1,870.0
381.5
16.0
200.7
252.3
1,871.5
382.5
16.2
201.6
251.5
1,870.4
382.1
15.9
202.6
252.9
1,875.5
383.1
16.6
203.2
251.9
1,882.7
380.9
16.8
203.4
252.7
1,888.0
380.4
16.6
203.9
253.0
1,891.0
378.2
15.3
204.6
252.8
1,895.8
378.4
15.0
206.0
250.6
1,897.8
378.8
14.9
207.0
250.4
1,897.4
375.9
15.2
208.2
251.4
1,900.8
376.1
15.5
209.3
250.8
1,903.1
197.0
275.2
56.8
13.3
493.0
196.8
274.1
57.6
13.0
492.4
197.5
274.4
57.9
13.1
492.4
197.6
273.6
58.1
13.2
492.4
197.6
274.4
58.2
13.2
491.8
197.3
273.9
58.4
13.5
493.0
197.1
274.5
58.7
13.6
493.9
198.4
275.5
58.4
13.6
494.0
199.6
276.2
58.8
13.6
493.0
200.3
273.6
59.4
13.7
493.1
200.4
274.5
60.0
13.7
493.7
201.1
587.6
16.5
73.3
977.0
671.9
588.6
16.5
73.2
980.8
673.3
588.8
16.4
73.1
979.2
673.6
587.6
16.5
73.8
978.8
672.4
588.9
16.4
73.7
978.3
672.9
587.7
16.4
72.8
978.7
670.6
587.0
16.3
72.9
979.0
670.4
586.6
16.2
73.7
979.2
673.5
586.3
15.9
74.2
977.3
670.7
586.6
16.1
75.3
977.2
674.0
588.0
16.1
76.4
977.5
674.5
375.9
15.6
211.3
251.1
1,908.5
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
196.4
275.0
56.5
13.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
588.1
975.8
671.6
587.9
16.5
73.0
976.5
671.6
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
247.9
198.9
312.7
188.2
87.6
248.1
199.3
310.8
188.4
87.4
248.7
199.3
313.4
188.0
87.8
247.1
199.7
312.5
188.6
87.7
247.0
200.9
315.6
187.6
87.9
248.9
201.8
314.4
189.2
87.7
249.0
202.1
312.9
187.9
88.0
248.9
203.8
315.1
190.0
87.7
248.7
204.4
315.2
190.1
87.0
249.2
205.3
315.5
189.3
88.3
249.4
206.0
316.6
189.0
88.0
250.6
206.5
311.8
187.7
87.7
251.1
207.3
314.3
188'.1
88.1
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
173.4
442.8
964.6
428.5
241.8
173.3
443.4
962.0
429.7
241.6
173.6
445.0
964.3
432.4
242.0
174.1
445.1
963.9
433.0
242.0
174.1
445.5
962.8
433.9
243.0
173.7
445.5
956.6
435.6
242.4
173.2
446.4
957.7
436.8
243.3
173.6
447.1
952.4
436.7
242.2
172.9
448.5
952.1
436.5
243.2
173.2
448.8
957.1
435.7
240.1
171.4
448.5
950.7
435.3
239.5
171.1
448.3
954.6
436.8
240.1
173.9
450.0
963.4
438.5
240.8
412.0
23.9
114.7
39.5
104.8
410.6
23.7
114.8
39.5
105.0
411.0
23.7
114.1
39.5
105.3
412.9
23.9
114.5
39.6
106.1
411.8
23.9
114.9
39.7
106.5
408.7
24.0
114.6
39.7
106.4
410.8
24.1
114.9
39.9
106.9
409.7
24.1
115.0
39.9
107.0
404.4
24.1
116.6
39.9
107.9
413.0
24.3
114.6
39.9
106.9
408.4
24.1
114.8
40.3
107.1
411.7
23.9
115.1
40.3
106.8
412.3
24.1
115.4
40.7
,
483.2
45.8
916.1
844.8
483.3
45.8
916.3
844.4
22.1
487.1
45.9
915.3
844.1
22.1
485.3
46.1
913.7
841.5
22.2
484.4
46.1
915.2
842.6
22.2
485.5
46.2
915.4
840.6
22.5
482.8
46.2
916.0
841.4
22.9
482.5
46.7
917.3
842.6
23.0
481.9
46.8
919.8
842.7
23.0
481.4
46.6
920.0
839.4
23.3
480.1
46.7
919.1
840.6
22.7
480.3
46.6
918.6
841.3
22.9
481.8
46.7
919.8
841.8
23.2
,
1,085.3
1,088.2
176.7
238.6
930.4
81.5
1,086.5
176.9
240.3
931.3
81.2
1,085.1
177.0
240.8
932.6
80.5
1,090.4
177.0
242.0
932.8
80.3
1,085.6
173.7
243.5
934.1
80.7
1,084.3
174.4
245.5
933.9
81.5
1,083.5
177.9
245.0
933.7
81.1
1,073.4
178.4
245.3
932.0
80.0
1,084.7
179.6
243.5
932.7
80.5
1,081.4
180.2
245.3
935.2
80.9
1,078.1
179.9
246.9
935.6
80.4
1,080.7
359.7
48.6
520.0
1,058.9
131.0
360.7
49.0
520.9
1,061.9
130.9
361.5
49.0
516.9
1,063.5
130.4
360.3
49.1
518.1
1,067.2
130.9
360.8
49.6
514.8
1,069.0
131.4
360.3
49.7
514.9
1,069.3
131.8
359.5
50.3
512.8
1,069.5
131.4
358.2
49.0
513.7
1,071.8
131.9
356.8
48.8
511.6
1,073.8
131.8
357.7
49.1
513.3
1,074.4
132.4
357.8
1,060.5
130.3
359.3
48.5
520.5
1,061.6
130.9
46.1
397.8
352.9
81.4
600.8
10.8
46.0
399.1
356.5
81.2
599.5
10.7
46.1
398.0
357.6
81.7
599.4
10.7
46.3
398.5
359.0
81.1
600.5
10.8
46.2
398.4
360.8
81.7
600.1
10.7
46.0
397.8
361.4
81.8
602.6
10.8
46.6
397.4
364.4
82.3
603.4
11.1
46.5
397.0
367.0
82.0
603.5
10.9
46.8
395.6
370.2
82.0
602.2
10.9
46.6
395.3
372.2
82.0
605.4
10.8
46.9
394.1
373.0
82.7
604.5
10.6
47.1
394.7
374.7
83.2
605.8
10.7
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
492.0
16.4
72.9
,
21.9
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
176.0
237.9
930.1
81.6
359.7
48.3
520.6
See footnotes at end of table.
56
275.1
59.9
13.7
493.3
106.7
180.2
247.6
934.4
80.0
49.1
515.1
1,078.4
133.1
46.9
395.5
375.3
83.3
608.3
10.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
I
Feb.
|
Mar.
|
Apr.
|
May
| June
|
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
| Nov.P
Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
90.1
22.5
94.4
64.7
646.3
90.0
22.6
94.9
64.8
645.4
90.0
22.7
94.8
65.4
651.6
90.0
22.9
95.0
65.3
654.1
90.5
22.9
95.1
65.8
654.4
90.5
23.3
95.4
65.9
655.8
90.3
23.8
95.7
66.1
659.7
90.0
23.5
95.2
65.8
660.5
90.3
23.4
96.0
65.5
659.7
88.7
23.3
93.3
64.0
635.6
90.8
23.5
96.7
65.1
661.7
90.7
23.7
98.0
65.1
663.2
90.3
23.8
99.2
65.5
664.7
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
119.2
73.5
15.7
19.0
117.8
73.0
15.7
19.3
322.1
118.0
73.4
15.7
19.2
321.9
117.9
73.7
15.9
19.2
322.0
117.1
74.0
15.7
19.0
323.5
117.2
74.7
15.8
18.7
323.3
115.7
75.5
15.8
18.6
322.8
116.6
76.0
15.9
18.5
324.0
115.3
76.1
16.4
18.2
324.1
112.4
73.4
16.0
18.2
316.9
115.5
75.1
16.3
18.3
324.5
116.4
75.1
16.3
18.3
325.1
115.8
75.1
16.2
18.2
325.5
223.6
41.2
23.4
338.5
138.6
223.8
41.0
23.1
338.8
139.2
225.2
41.4
23.2
339.1
139.8
225.4
41.2
23.3
340.5
140.4
226.6
41.0
23.5
341.0
140.4
228.1
40.8
23.7
342.3
140.1
230.7
41.2
23.7
341.4
138.7
225.9
40.7
23.4
327.2
136.4
233.2
40.8
23.8
341.0
140.6
234.4
40.8
23.8
340.9
141.0
235.5
40.7
24.5
341.5
318.3
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
222.6
41.2
23.6
333.3
139.1
223.3
41.1
23.5
334.9
139.7
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
64.2
70.3
93.4
108.7
22.4
64.2
70.4
95.9
108.5
22.5
64.9
70.9
95.7
109.1
22.8
64.9
71.5
95.9
108.6
22.7
65.1
71.9
96.0
109.1
22.6
65.3
72.5
96.4
109.6
22.6
65.3
72.4
96.5
109.9
22.7
65.0
72.7
96.4
109.5
22.5
65.6
71.9
97.5
110.2
22.6
63.1
70.4
88.5
108.7
21.8
66.0
73.2
97.3
110.6
22.8
66.4
73.0
97.4
110.8
22.5
66.5
73.0
96.6
110.7
22.5
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
106.4
131.6
167.8
120.3
52.6
105.8
131.8
168.7
120.4
52.5
107.6
131.3
168.2
121.4
52.8
108.6
131.9
169.8
121.9
52.7
108.6
132.2
169.9
122.3
52.5
107.1
131.5
168.4
122.4
52.2
108.0
132.0
168.8
122.8
52.5
108.2
132.0
169.2
123.2
51.7
108.2
131.9
169.6
122.8
52.0
104.2
127.5
165.0
119.5
50.2
107.8
132.0
171.3
123.7
51.9
106.3
132.8
170.7
123.9
52.3
106.3
131.9
171.7
124.0
52.8
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
161.9
20.7
50.7
43.0
19.7
162.1
20.3
50.4
43.2
19.8
161.9
20.5
50.9
43.3
19.6
162.1
20.5
51.3
43.5
19.6
162.2
20.7
52.1
43.8
19.6
162.4
20.3
52.4
44.0
19.5
162.5
20.6
53.0
44.2
19.4
162.6
20.3
52.9
44.4
19.8
161.5
20.1
52.9
44.7
20.2
158.9
19.8
50.8
43.4
20.1
159.1
20.7
54.7
44.9
19.3
158.7
20.5
53.2
45.0
19.3
158.3
20.9
53.4
45.2
19.3
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
256.0
30.7
402.7
170.0
18.4
256.4
30.6
401.9
170.0
18.3
255.8
30.7
407.2
170.7
18.5
256.9
30.8
407.2
171.7
18.5
257.5
30.8
407.9
172.8
18.4
257.4
30.9
408.0
173.3
18.6
257.5
31.1
406.2
172.9
18.4
257.6
31.3
406.4
173.1
18.5
257.1
31.3
406.9
173.2
18.5
247.2
30.4
393.8
167.2
18.5
258.2
31.4
407.6
173.3
18.4
258.9
31.6
409.2
174.2
18.4
259.0
31.5
408.8
174.1
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
232.6
77.7
73.6
272.0
15.2
232.3
77.7
72.5
271.3
15.1
234.8
77.8
73.7
271.5
14.9
235.2
77.5
74.3
271.9
14.8
235.3
77.4
73.8
271.9
15.0
234.6
77.8
74.3
272.2
15.0
234.5
78.2
73.8
273.3
14.9
233.6
78.7
73.3
272.0
15.0
233.4
79.0
73.0
272.5
15.2
225.9
78.4
70.2
261.7
14.5
234.7
79.3
73.6
273.7
15.1
234.8
79.9
73.5
271.9
15.2
234.8
80.2
73.7
270.7
15.3
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
73.9
16.5
143.0
490.5
74.0
16.6
143.3
492.8
55.0
74.0
16.5
142.7
492.0
55.1
73.5
16.4
143.1
492.8
55.4
74.0
16.2
143.1
493.3
55.4
75.1
15.9
143.1
493.6
56.1
75.0
16.1
142.5
496.4
56.4
74.4
15.9
141.1
496.8
56.5
74.7
15.9
141.3
500.4
56.8
72.8
15.2
136.3
490.3
54.9
75.2
15.9
141.4
502.0
57.0
75.5
16.0
141.2
503.0
57.0
76.2
15.9
141.4
504.7
57.1
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.3
164.8
123.9
12.3
164.3
124.2
39.1
121.4
13.6
12.3
165.2
124.7
38.3
121.2
13.6
12.3
165.2
124.7
38.5
120.6
13.5
12.4
165.7
125.7
38.6
121.0
13.8
12.4
165.5
125.6
38.6
121.4
13.6
12.5
166.4
125.8
38.7
122.5
13.8
12.5
166.8
125.5
38.7
122.3
13.7
12.4
167.7
125.6
38.4
122.2
13.8
11.8
164.3
122.7
37.7
118.1
13.8
12.0
169.1
126.3
38,3
122.0
13.9
12.1
169.3
126.6
38.2
122.1
13.8
12.1
170.0
126.2
38.6
122.6
14.0
54.9
39.2
121.5
13.9
See footnotes at end of table.
57
141.2
18.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
jsept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
420.8
54.1
473.3
249.1
2,998.0
421.3
54.1
476.1
248.0
2,983.8
421.7
54.2
481.1
248.0
2,998.2
424.0
54.2
483.6
249.2
3,007.9
422.6
54.2
482.0
249.2
3.015.5
423.9
55.2
484.7
250.1
3,022.8
422.8
55.7
484.8
250.4
3,025.1
423.7
56.2
486.9
250.9
3,026.7
423.5
56.3
487.3
250.8
3.026.5
423.7
55.9
487.8
250.3
3,030.0
424.7
54.9
489.9
251.0
3,029.1
467.6
350.0
84.8
50.1
1,633.9
470.5
349.0
85.4
50.4
1,640.7
471.6
349.7
86.0
50.2
1,644.6
472.5
347.9
86.1
49.6
1,652.1
471.4
349.3
86.0
48.6
1.656.8
474.3
352.4
85.6
48.8
1,660.1
474.8
353.4
85.6
49.1
1,659.8
477.1
355.5
85.4
49.0
1,666.9
476.4
355.8
86.2
49.3
1,674.1
477.7
355.5
86.2
49.2
1,677.7
1,684.3
426.3
55.0
493.5
252.2
3,041.2
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
1,631.4
470.5
349.9
85.5
50.3
1,635.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
907.9
135.3
126.3
1,308.9
684.0
915.1
135.0
126.9
1,312.0
683.5
903.9
135.3
127.4
1,297.0
678.2
902.3
135.9
127.9
1.299.9
679.4
905.8
135.4
128.7
1,304.0
681.3
908.0
135.1
128.4
1,301.9
685.0
909.9
135.0
128.5
1,304.7
687.6
912.0
134.5
127.5
1,304.1
689.5
916.4
133.8
126.5
1,300.9
688.9
923.6
133.9
125.6
1.300.4
688.3
925.1
134.2
125.9
1,304.9
688.0
930.4
134.3
125.2
1,311.4
688.7
934.7
133.7
124.9
1,315.8
686.8
340.6
306.4
401.5
427.4
135.5
340.7
306.9
405.2
428.7
134.1
340.5
309.1
404.5
427.4
137.1
339.5
308.4
405.2
427.5
137.3
339.9
309.2
408.5
432.4
137.7
340.4
308.2
410.8
432.6
137.6
341.3
309.2
413.3
431.4
138.2
342.1
310.6
412.9
431.4
138.1
342.3
312.0
409.7
432.0
139.2
343.4
312.8
411.3
431.1
139.3
342.7
311.7
410.9
431.9
140.3
343.6
312.3
408.3
436.8
141.0
342.9
312.3
412.3
437.5
142.0
532.4
706.0
1,033.5
597.5
233.8
533.7
706.3
1,037.1
600.0
233.4
531.6
705.0
1,033.4
600.4
233.5
534.9
702.5
1,040.2
602.1
232.8
535.5
702.6
1,042 4
604.2
233.7
533.9
700.9
1,038.9
599.1
233.1
536.4
703.6
1,043.1
601.3
233.1
537.1
707.3
1,043.3
601.9
230.4
537.6
708.6
1,045.9
601.3
231.3
537.1
711.5
1,044.6
602.5
232.5
537.5
713.0
1,047.8
602.5
232.4
539.1
716.6
1,051.8
605.0
232.1
540.2
719.1
1,049.8
606.8
232.7
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
617.4
97.5
209.3
175.1
146.9
618.9
97.3
209.6
176.4
147.9
616.1
97.2
210.2
176.6
147.2
614.0
97.5
210.5
178.2
147.8
615.5
97.5
210.1
178.3
147.8
615.5
98.1
208.1
179.6
147.5
615.7
98.4
207.7
180.4
149.0
615.7
98.6
208.3
181.1
149.3
613.8
98.6
208.7
182.2
151.9
613.1
98.9
209.2
181.9
150.4
614.5
99.0
210.3
183.8
150.5
616.4
98.2
210.4
184.0
151.6
620.2
98.7
211.0
185.1
151.1
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
861.1
1,637.5
817.8
80.8
860.9
166.6
1,635.4
820.3
80.8
860.9
165.8
1,627.9
822.2
80.9
867.1
165.7
1,628.2
821.1
80.9
868.0
166.0
1,631.3
823.0
80.8
869.9
166.6
1,632.0
823.0
80.4
869.1
167.1
1,632.7
824.1
80.7
872.7
168.2
1,635.7
818.9
81.4
873.2
168.2
1,639.2
817.0
80.9
873.7
168.1
1,642.2
813.8
81.1
873.0
168.3
1,643.8
813.8
81.3
875.1
167.9
1,645.0
809.3
81.8
875.3
168.7
1,650.2
822.4
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,313.2
323.4
368.9
1,217.8
99.7
1,315.7
323.9
371.7
1,221.4
99.8
1,315.9
324.6
372.2
1,220.0
98.7
1,317.5
324.9
372.0
1,222.5
99.2
1,317.8
326.7
373.5
1,227.0
99.6
1,316.5
325.1
374.3
1.230.0
99.4
1,317.7
325.8
375.0
1.235.8
99.7
1,320.6
324.8
376.0
1,232.2
99.3
1,318.4
324.6
377.5
1,233.2
100.2
1,319.2
326.6
377.3
1,234.5
100.2
1,321.5
326.4
376.0
1,239.7
99.5
1,322.6
328.0
379.3
1,244.0
100.9
1,327.2
329.3
379.0
1,244.5
100.4
400.8
87.8
602.8
402.1
87.9
605.9
2,014.7
234.6
400.3
86.9
604.0
2,014.2
235.0
401.4
87.4
604.7
2,019.1
235.7
403.6
87.6
606.8
2,023.8
237.0
405.6
87.1
605.2
2,030.8
237.7
407.5
88.5
604.5
2,032.7
239.5
407.3
88.2
603.7
2,034.6
240.2
407.9
87.6
602.9
2.040.5
241.1
409.8
409.5
87.9
88.5
604.9
605.8
? 042.1 2,043.7
240.7
240.0
411.6
87.8
606.7
2,051.6
240.1
415.2
88.1
64.3
726.1
596.6
161.3
600.7
52.3
65.0
724.2
596.3
160.6
600.5
51.7
65.3
725.5
596.7
160.7
601.6
52.1
65.6
726.5
598.9
162.5
602.9
52.1
66.3
725.1
600.0
163.0
601.5
52.2
66.2
726.0
602.9
163.6
602.2
51.7
66.9
729.5
605.1
163.9
603.6
51.5
66.6
733.8
607.2
164.0
603.0
52.5
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
470.5
349.1
85.3
50.1
421.4
54.3
473.4
249.5
2,999.9
166.1
2,009.5
233.5
64.6
724.4
596.4
162.1
599.4
51.8
See footnotes at end of table.
58
66.1
736.7
609.4
163.3
604.3
52.7
66.0
737.2
609.1
163.5
606.5
52.6
65.8
738.0
611.8
164.0
605.9
53.1
480.5
357.8
86.2
49.2
82.3
607.8
2,063.4
241.5
66.0
743.2
613.9
164.5
605.3
52.5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
82.6
11.7
117.1
43.6
734.0
118.5
82.7
11.7
117.6
43.6
733.8
82.9
11.7
119.0
43.6
732.3
83.1
11.7
120.2
43.6
732.6
83.5
11.7
121.3
43.8
732.2
83.3
11.6
121.6
43.7
732.3
83.5
11.7
122.1
44.0
732.8
83.9
11.8
123.0
44.1
734.3
84.0
11.9
123.8
43.9
735.8
84.3
11.9
124.2
43.9
735.6
84.3
11.9
124.7
44.0
736.0
84.7
11.8
125.8
44.0
738.4
84.8
11.8
126.2
44.2
741.1
119.9
129.7
44.3
28.0
401.7
120.3
129.3
44.9
28.1
401.8
120.7
129.0
45.2
28.2
402.5
121.0
129.4
46.2
27.7
405.1
120.3
129.7
46.6
27.6
406.0
120.7
129.9
46.9
27.7
407.2
121.2
130.1
47.0
27.7
408.5
121.9
130.3
47.4
27.8
410.1
121.7
130.5
48.0
27.6
410.9
122.1
130.5
48.0
27.6
413.0
122.1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
399.4
118.8
130.4
44.6
28.0
401.0
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
182.4
36.6
25.4
387.9
136.4
182.6
36.6
25.4
387.9
136.4
183.5
36.4
25.5
387.0
137.1
183.3
36.3
25.5
387.9
137.7
184.1
35.9
25.4
389.2
138.0
185.4
35.9
25.5
390.0
138.5
186.5
35.7
25.5
390.1
138.2
187.6
35.8
25.5
390.7
138.1
188.4
35.7
25.7
390.8
138.6
189.5
35.8
25.6
391.4
138.6
189.6
35.7
25.7
392.6
138.3
190.8
35.5
25.4
393.8
138.4
77.6
58.8
68.3
83.5
26.9
77.8
59.0
68.6
83.4
27.1
77.5
59.5
68.4
83.5
27.4
77.9
59.5
68.6
83.6
27.2
78.2
59.8
68.7
83.5
27.2
78.5
59.9
68.8
83.5
27.1
78.8
60.0
69.0
83.5
27.1
78.6
60.2
69.2
83.7
26.9
78.7
60.3
69.4
83.8
27.4
79.0
60.5
69.5
84.1
27.5
79.2
60.8
69.2
84.2
27.4
79.6
61.0
69.5
84.2
27.6
79.9
60.8
69.9
84.4
27.7
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
128.7
212.5
202.4
143.1
41.1
128.6
213.1
203.2
143.5
41.2
127.7
211.9
201.9
143.2
41.1
127.3
213.0
202.7
143.9
41.0
127.7
213.9
202.5
144.7
41.3
127.3
214.0
203.8
145.0
41.4
127.7
215.1
203.5
145.0
41.4
127.9
216.5
202.8
145.1
41.6
127.2
217.4
202.7
145.4
41.4
128.0
218.2
202.1
145.8
40.5
128.6
218.6
202.8
146.3
40.8
129.0
219.7
203.4
146.4
40.8
128.7
220.6
203.9
146.8
40.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
151.3
16.1
53.3
38.2
28.1
151.9
16.2
53.6
38.4
28.3
153.6
16.1
54.2
38.3
28.5
154.6
16.4
54.0
38.6
28.3
155.2
16.5
54.2
38.9
28.5
155.0
16.6
54.6
39.0
28.4
155.7
16.6
55.0
39.2
28.3
156.5
16.7
55.0
39.2
28.4
157.8
16.6
55.2
39.5
28.6
157.0
16.8
55.2
39.7
28.4
157.1
16.8
55.7
39.8
28.2
157.5
16.8
55.8
40.2
28.5
157.9
16.7
56.2
40.4
28.2
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
234.1
31.8
723.0
234.5
31.9
723.5
158.4
14.8
235.0
32.2
725.4
159.2
14.7
234.1
32.2
725.8
159.5
14.7
234.4
32.1
726.1
159.9
14.6
234.3
32.1
725.3
159.5
14.9
234.7
32.1
725.0
160.0
15.0
235.5
32.0
725.0
160.2
15.1
236.0
32.0
724.7
161.1
15.2
236.0
31.9
724.9
161.5
15.3
236.7
31.8
725.4
162.3
15.4
237.3
31.8
725.2
162.6
15.6
238.1
31.9
726.0
162.8
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
279.5
68.2
92.4
311.6
25.4
279.8
68.4
92.6
312.4
25.6
279.5
68.3
93.3
311.5
25.5
280.7
68.6
93.8
311.8
25.5
280.0
68.7
93.8
311.5
25.5
280.1
68.8
94.0
312.3
25.8
280.8
69.1
94.2
312.5
25.8
281.4
69.2
94.6
312.5
25.9
281.2
69.2
94.8
312.5
26.0
281.9
69.3
94.8
312.1
26.0
282.1
69.5
94.6
312.3
26.0
282.9
70.0
94.9
313.8
26.2
282.7
70.3
95.3
315.5
26.1
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
73.0
20.1
118.6
447.5
51.3
73.1
20.2
118.9
448.3
51.4
73.2
20.3
119.3
448.7
51.1
73.2
20.2
119.1
448.4
51.4
73.5
20.6
119.8
448.7
51.5
73.6
20.7
119.6
449.8
51.6
74.2
20.8
119.7
451.2
51.8
74.2
20.9
119.5
453.4
52.0
74.0
21.0
119.7
454.1
52.3
74.3
21.1
119.9
455.5
52.2
74.8
21.3
120.0
455.8
52.0
74.8
21.6
119.8
456.9
52.3
75.0
21.7
119.8
458.2
52.7
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.2
163.5
124.4
27.4
139.3
8.0
12.2
163.8
124.6
27.5
139.6
8.0
12.4
164.1
125.4
27.3
139.8
7.9
12.4
164.1
125.7
27.4
140.4
7.8
12.4
164.8
126.0
27.5
140.5
7.9
12.4
164.6
126.0
27.6
140.9
7.9
12.5
165.4
126.3
27.7
141.2
7.9
12.6
166.7
126.2
27.4
142.1
7.9
12.6
166.5
126.2
27.4
142.2
8.0
12.7
167.0
126.6
27.6
142.5
8.0
12.4
166.7
126.7
27.6
142.6
8.0
12.3
166.9
126.8
27.5
143.4
8.1
12.2
167.1
127.0
27.7
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
130.6
44.2
28.0
157.7
14.8
See footnotes at end of table.
59
131.3
47.7
27.6
413.5
191.0
35.5
25.6
395.4
138.0
15.5
143.6
8.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
577.9
249.7
3,991.2
411.8
62.8
580.2
250.7
4,004.2
409.7
62.6
579.3
250.4
4,015.6
411.1
63.0
583.1
250.8
4,025.9
413.0
63.6
584.3
250.9
4,048.9
414.2
63.8
586.1
250.6
4,052.9
415.5
64.5
590.4
251.6
4,068.0
415.3
64.5
594.4
250.9
4,082.1
418.6
64.8
598.8
250.0
4,097.9
419.1
64.8
597.2
250.9
4,114.5
419.2
64.9
601.1
252.0
4,120.3
421.1
64.4
603.7
252.8
4,136.1
4,142.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
576.2
487.7
104.0
262.3
2,153.7
579.1
488.5
104.4
263.7
2,164.0
581.5
489.0
104.3
263.9
2,166.8
587.4
490.8
104.6
267.0
2,181.5
592.5
493.1
104.9
267.8
2,191.3
585.8
493.2
104.2
266.5
2,206.9
589.1
496.0
105.1
264.8
2,223.0
588.0
497.7
105.0
266.8
2,228.2
587.5
499.8
105.3
268.3
2,237.7
587.1
501.0
105.7
266.8
2,247.5
591.1
502.3
106.2
266.5
2,256.8
591.9
502.8
106.9
265.7
2,258.3
596.6
505.6
107.9
265.1
2,270.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
915.5
167.0
116.2
1,655.3
661.5
918.5
167.0
116.0
1,659.8
661.4
918.2
168.1
115.9
1,662.1
665.3
920.9
168.6
116.9
1,664.5
664.1
924.6
168.6
117.4
1,669.3
671.4
927.3
168.8
116.9
1,676.0
669.5
931.3
168.6
118.1
1,685.8
675.0
931.4
167.9
117.4
1,686.5
673.8
940.0
168.5
118.8
1,691.7
675.6
949.9
168.6
118.4
1,700.2
676.9
960.7
168.4
119.2
1,700.7
677.9
973.4
168.3
120.4
1,702.0
682.2
977.6
169.0
120.2
1,707.0
687.3
365.4
305.0
413.7
494.6
151.7
367.6
305.7
416.8
495.4
152.4
367.5
307.1
413.7
496.8
152.9
369.6
308.4
415.8
495.2
154.0
371.7
308.8
419.6
494.5
153.9
371.9
310.8
419.9
493.3
154.7
372.8
311.7
422.1
493.1
154.5
375.2
311.8
422.5
492.5
155.3
374.0
312.6
424.8
495.2
156.2
374.4
312.0
427.8
493.8
156.6
373.3
312.3
427.7
496.3
156.5
376.9
312.1
428.3
497.7
156.8
378.3
312.3
429.1
497.9
157.6
725.3
1,078.6
1,177.5
678.5
252.8
727.9
1,079.9
1,180.9
679.4
253.0
723.7
1,078.6
1,182.8
677.9
250.4
730.4
1,083.1
1,189.6
683.7
251.5
733.5
1,088.4
1,194.3
687.2
252.9
734.3
1,096.8
1,196.8
687.5
254.2
738.7
1,102.7
1,198.1
689.9
253.8
741.4
1,102.0
1,200.2
694.9
251.1
742.2
1,106.2
1,201.7
694.4
250.0
743.0
1,108.8
1,205.4
696.6
256.0
742.5
1,111.7
1,205.9
697.9
255.6
746.4
1,117.0
1,207.3
697.9
257.7
748.0
1,119.7
1,212.1
700.8
257.4
713.6
102.6
223.5
371.4
164.2
719.0
102.9
224.2
373.5
164.1
714.1
101.7
224.9
376.5
163.6
722.2
102.5
226.3
378.6
163.3
723.2
103.3
228.5
380.8
164.0
725.9
103.7
227.4
381.0
163.1
729.7
103.9
227.1
382.8
165.0
729.3
105.0
227.3
385.1
166.5
725.9
104.6
228.4
385.5
166.6
727.7
104.5
228.8
386.2
166.0
727.8
104.5
230.8
388.1
165.6
726.1
105.4
231.9
388.4
165.3
731.1
105.2
232.8
390.5
165.9
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
1,137.5
194.2
2,639.0
850.1
86.1
1,140.8
195.2
2,645.8
852.0
86.1
1,143.9
194.9
2,639.3
845.4
86.0
1,147.8
195.3
2,652.5
842.0
86.9
1,151.8
196.7
2,661.2
848.3
86.8
1,150.7
195.9
2,667.6
849.2
87.1
1,155.2
196.2
2,674.6
854.1
87.5
1,158.1
196.4
2,675.2
858.4
87.7
1,164.5
196.7
2,680.9
861.3
88.3
1,166.7
197.8
2,690.5
865.8
88.2
1,171.0
198.2
2,699.0
872.9
88.2
1,173.4
198.8
2,711.1
881.0
88.2
1,180.2
199.1
2,718.3
886.8
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,426.3
372.5
393.7
1,429.5
374.1
395.0
1,677.4
148.0
1,429.4
376.3
392.0
1,679.3
146.1
1,431.8
377.8
397.9
1,689.1
145.8
1,431.0
379.4
397.0
1,693.9
146.4
1,434.1
379.1
400.5
1,700.5
146.4
1,441.4
381.9
401.1
1,705.8
145.7
1,443.9
381.0
400.6
1,711.1
147.1
1,446.7
381.7
404.5
1,708.9
147.3
1,447.8
386.3
405.2
1,715.9
148.5
1,448.2
386.8
404.5
1,716.9
148.6
1,451.6
387.4
405.3
1,719.4
148.9
1,454.9
389.0
405.1
1,725.6
149.8
261.5
378.1
91.0
664.8
2,266.8
263.1
375.0
90.1
664.8
2,255.9
264.3
377.2
90.9
666.6
2,275.2
266.8
378.5
89.8
665.8
2,280.7
267.7
382.3
90.1
665.0
2,286.1
268.5
384.6
91.2
664.0
2,296.6
269.4
386.4
90.9
663.4
2,298.6
271.7
387.4
91.5
665.9
2,308.3
273.0
389.0
91.8
669.5
2,326.0
274.6
389.8
92.6
671.0
2,333.1
276.1
390.1
91.7
671.5
2,338.9
275.7
392.0
91.9
674.0
2,350.8
277.5
82.1
926.1
657.6
193.8
669.2
48.1
82.0
932.6
659.1
193.9
672.0
48.0
83.0
936.1
659.4
194.9
668.6
47.9
82.5
943.4
664.2
195.4
670.2
48.1
82.6
947.2
666.6
195.7
674.1
48.4
82.5
947.2
670.0
195.7
673.7
48.0
83.1
951.3
674.7
195.5
675.7
48.2
82.6
947.1
677.3
196.5
677.0
48.0
82.8
953.8
680.2
198.2
680.5
48.7
82.9
957.4
684.7
198.7
682.7
48.7
82.8
963.1
687.6
198.2
687.3
48.5
84.1
967.6
690.1
197.8
691.7
49.0
84.4
969.7
691.7
198.6
694.3
48.1
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
,
Nevada
New Hampshire ....,
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
410.9
62.5
1,672.8
148.1
376.6
91.1
662.8
2,261.5
See footnotes at end of table.
60
420.7
64.5
609.3
254.0
88.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Government
341.9
73.3
329.6
2,133.7
342.1
73.0
326.5
180.1
2,133.1
342.6
73.2
322.7
180.2
2,139.0
343.3
73.5
326.5
180.3
2,139.9
343.4
73.2
326.9
180.4
2,147.5
343.7
73.3
327.9
180.7
2,147.9
343.7
71.8
328.5
180.2
2,151.2
342.8
72.5
325.2
181.9
2,148.2
341.3
73.4
319.9
181.6
2,136.0
343.4
73.1
325.0
182.6
2,146.8
345.2
72.9
324.9
182.4
2,159.9
347.3
73.1
332.3
182.5
2,165.1
2,166.9
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
310.6
226.7
53.0
237.9
942.5
310.5
227.0
53.1
237.5
936.2
313.3
224.7
53.1
235.2
947.8
310.5
226.8
53.0
234.3
942.1
309.9
225.3
52.9
232.1
940.4
309.7
228.5
53.4
231.4
942.6
312.0
227.1
53.3
231.3
943.8
312.7
226.3
53.1
230.6
943.4
313.5
229.1
53.1
232.2
937.6
311.1
227.4
53.3
230.2
937.3
313.7
228.1
53.4
228.2
946.1
313.9
226.3
53.4
228.0
948.7
314.4
226.1
53.8
227.1
954.9
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
569.7
109.6
99.6
808.9
397.3
570.0
109.3
99.6
808.0
393.7
566.3
112.4
98.3
805.3
386.5
566.2
110.2
98.4
805.2
390.1
567.4
109.3
98.0
808.6
389.3
566.9
110.0
97.9
807.8
389.2
568.5
110.1
98.1
809.1
393.0
569.5
111.3
98.1
813.9
399.2
573.6
110.5
99.1
812.4
388.9
572.5
112.9
99.0
818.0
395.4
573.3
113.7
98.3
812.9
391.2
573.6
111.9
97.7
807.8
392.1
576.0
110.8
98.0
808.5
388.8
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
230.2
246.5
290.4
360.9
93.3
230.2
240.2
290.9
361.3
93.6
231.1
237.3
290.8
360.8
93.3
231.6
237.2
292.4
363.1
93.2
230.6
240.1
291.7
364.0
93.4
230.6
236.8
292.8
364.6
93.1
231.4
239.4
294.7
365.1
92.2
233.3
236.2
293.5
365.9
93.4
231.0
237.1
294.7
360.8
93.1
230.5
234.3
294.3
361.4
93.1
229.9
235.5
293.5
363.2
93.7
230.6
238.9
295.0
362.8
93.1
229.0
240.9
295.8
363.5
93.1
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
420.2
403.0
646.5
383.5
219.5
419.4
403.1
643.6
383.0
220.3
422.6
401.1
646.3
380.0
220.0
422.4
400.6
644.6
380.6
220.6
422.2
401.2
641.6
381.5
220.9
422.0
402.4
643.4
379.6
222.2
421.0
402.1
646.5
382.4
223.4
425.9
402.5
644.4
384.8
226.9
426.4
402.3
635.4
388.5
227.8
421.8
402.7
632.0
388.6
229.9
423.1
407.0
644.0
385.8
229.6
423.2
405.3
637.5
383.3
228.6
422.6
405.3
634.2
382.3
229.0
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
404.9
78.7
153.3
106.8
79.8
405.0
77.2
152.5
103.9
79.4
405.0
78.0
152.9
104.6
80.3
407.4
77.9
152.2
104.4
79.8
408.4
77.6
152.6
104.8
79.9
409.6
78.0
152.5
105.2
81.6
412.1
77.6
150.6
105.6
81.6
416.2
76.3
151.3
109.1
81.3
416.6
76.3
152.5
107.3
82.8
417.4
75.6
150.2
106.2
82.6
418.3
76.0
150.4
107.6
80.1
417.1
77.2
151.7
107.4
80.1
417.3
77.5
152.9
108.5
80.5
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
567.9
1,375.9
570.3
70.7
566.9
173.6
1,374.4
572.3
70.8
568.7
172.9
1,371.3
576.1
70.7
567.5
172.8
1,372.3
577.0
71.1
566.5
172.2
1,372.8
577.4
71.2
566.4
173.4
1,371.8
580.7
70.1
566.5
173.1
1,374.1
581.1
70.8
566.1
176.2
1,374.9
579.0
71.0
565.1
175.8
1,374.8
570.5
70.9
563.1
174.7
1,374.6
580.3
70.9
568.5
174.2
1,373.1
578.5
71.9
569.3
175.2
1,379.2
579.7
71.7
568.4
175.8
1,375.8
580.7
752.1
273.3
251.2
722.2
62.2
753.2
273.1
247.8
723.1
62.1
751.7
271.8
248.9
723.2
62.2
753.8
271.4
249.9
726.5
62.3
753.0
271.6
249.3
723.2
62.3
750.8
271.6
249.5
724.3
62.3
754.5
273.6
248.6
726.8
62.5
758.9
273.2
249.2
720.8
61.5
765.3
275.6
247.1
726.9
60.5
768.3
278.3
248.2
722.2
61.1
760.5
274.3
250.5
736.6
63.0
753.6
275.4
250.1
736.9
63.3
754.9
275.4
249.0
735.9
62.9
310.9
70.4
384.2
1.463.5
300.5
70.1
383.5
1,466.0
168.8
300.4
70.6
382.8
1,463.1
168.4
301.0
70.9
383.8
1,468.9
168.9
301.5
70.0
383.5
1,471.4
168.8
301.9
70.2
382.0
1,475.3
168.7
302.1
70.8
382.1
1,478.3
168.9
303.2
69.4
390.5
1.472.5
169.5
304.1
70.1
381.3
1,471.0
167.9
303.8
70.0
382.3
1,476.8
169.1
305.9
70.3
385.1
1,484.7
171.3
304.7
70.4
388.1
1,475.3
172.1
305.4
70.2
388.8
45.7
601.1
453.8
138.4
384.3
58.8
45.0
603.6
455.3
138.5
384.6
59.1
45.6
602.0
452.2
140.3
385.2
59.0
45.1
601.4
454.8
140.7
384.9
59.1
45.5
600.9
454.8
140.9
384.7
58.8
44.8
600.4
454.9
140.4
386.1
59.0
45.5
600.1
461.9
141.1
387.1
59.0
45.1
602.1
462.5
139.1
382.1
58.0
45.3
605.1
459.4
141.1
383.4
56.9
45.3
603.9
459.0
140.2
384.9
57.8
45.9
606.1
458.2
139.8
387.8
58.2
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
179.7
173.1
168.4
45.5
600.7
451.6
138.6
386.9
59.0
1
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
71.5
1,478.0
174.3
45.2
608.5
457.6
140.6
389.2
57.8
NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2
347.6
73.3
333.6
182.4
61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
34.7
34.4
34.8
34.8
34.5
34.5
34.6
34.4
34.6
34.5
34.5
34.8
34.6
41.3
41.1
41.2
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.1
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.2
41.5
Mining
45.7
44.7
45.8
45.9
45.3
46.0
45.4
45.4
45.5
45.1
45.2
45.4
44.8
Construction
38.9
38.6
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.4
38.7
39.0
38.6
38.9
38.8
38.1
38.8
,
42.0
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.1
4.9
42.1
4.9
42.0
4.8
41.8
4.6
41.8
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.0
4.8
42.1
4.9
42.3
4.9
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
,
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
42.7
4.9
41.0
40.1
43.4
44.6
44.6
42.4
43.3
41.8
44.6
45.2
42.0
40.4
42.5
5.0
40.7
39.8
42.6
44.4
44.7
42.4
43.2
41.3
44.7
45.6
41.6
39.9
42.7
5.0
40.8
39.9
43.3
44.6
44.6
42.5
43.4
41.9
44.6
45.3
42.1
40.5
42.9
5.2
41.0
40.3
43.1
44.8
44.8
42.6
43.5
42.1
45.0
45.7
42.0
40.2
43.0
5.3
41.2
40.1
43.0
45.1
45.2
42.9
43.9
42.3
44.8
45.3
41.9
40.5
42.8
5.2
41.0
40.4
43.4
44.8
44.7
42.6
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.2
41.9
40.3
42.6
5.0
41.0
39.9
42.9
44.7
44.5
42.4
43.3
42.0
44.2
44.8
41.8
40.1
42.6
5.0
41.1
40.0
43.1
44.4
44.3
42.4
43.4
42.0
43.7
44.0
41.7
40.4
42.7
5.0
40.8
40.0
43.0
45.0
45.2
42.3
43.4
41.7
44.3
44.7
42.3
40.2
42.6
5.0
40.9
40.2
43.1
44.9
45.1
42.4
43.4
41.7
43.9
44.1
42.0
40.3
42.8
5.1
41.1
40.0
43.1
45.1
45.3
42.6
43.4
41.8
44.4
45.0
41.9
40.2
42.9
5.2
41.4
40.6
43.0
45.3
45.3
42.6
43.8
41.9
44.1
44.4
42.2
40.3
43.1
5.2
41.1
40.4
43.7
45.3
45.2
42.9
43.7
42.1
44.9
45.3
42.2
40.7
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.9
4.3
41.3
41.1
41.5
37.4
43.7
38.4
43.5
(2)
41.8
38.8
40.7
4.2
41.2
39.9
41.2
37.2
43.7
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.4
38.4
40.8
4.3
41.3
40.8
40.9
37.2
43.7
38.5
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.9
40.9
4.4
41.3
40.2
41.2
37.5
43.8
38.6
43.3
(2)
41.8
38.7
40.9
4.4
41.1
39.0
41.7
37.5
43.9
38.5
43.1
(2)
42.0
38.5
40.8
4.3
41.4
38.4
41.4
37.1
43.8
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2
40.6
4.1
40.9
37.6
41.2
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
38.1
40.6
4.3
41.1
36.1
41.3
36.9
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
41.7
38.4
40.7
4.2
41.0
37.5
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.0
40.9
4.3
41.2
38.1
41.4
37.3
43.7
38.7
43.4
(2)
41.6
38.4
40.8
4.4
41.2
38.7
41.3
37.2
43.7
38.7
43.2
(2)
41.8
38.6
41.1
4.5
41.6
39.3
41.5
37.1
44.0
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.2
38.0
41.1
4.5
41.7
39.8
41.7
37.6
44.0
38.7
42.9
(2)
42.2
38.1
33.0
32.7
33.0
33.0
32.7
32.7
32.9
32.7
32.9
32.8
32.8
33.1
32.8
39.7
39.8
39.3
39.5
39.6
39.0
40.1
39.9
39.8
40.2
39.6
38.6
38.6.
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.7
38.2
28.9
28.9
28.9
28.8
29.1
28.8
28.9
28.9
28.9
Total private
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
39.9
38.5
39.5
38.2
29.0
28.8
29.1
29.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Retail trade
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
62
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1997
1996
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
139.1
138.2
140.0
140.2
139.6
140.0
140.6
140.2
140.8
140.9
141.2
142.8
142.5
112.4
112.0
113.1
113.3
113.3
113.7
112.7
112.9
113.0
113.3
113.6
113.9
115.1
55.7
54.8
56.4
56.6
55.8
57.3
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.1
56.1
56.1
55.6
Construction
151.2
151.0
154.5
154.0
153.2
156.2
152.8
154.1
152.9
154.2
153.5
152.1
156.1
Manufacturing
107.8
107.4
107.9
108.3
108.5
108.3
107.8
107.8
108.1
108.3
108.7
109.5
110.2
110.3
140.9
125.7
111.0
93.3
72.9
115.5
105.7
108.0
110.0
110.7
111.4
142.9
128.0
110.2
93.9
72.6
117.1
108.5
108.2
126.8
165.4
75.1
103.2
111.0
142.2
111.1
142.3
127.3
111.8
142.1
127.6
110.0
95.0
74.1
117.4
108.9
109.0
127.6
164.7
75.6
102.0
112.5
143.0
113.3
140.7
125.7
111.3
142.2
111.7
140.3
114.3
144.9
129.5
112.3
96.8
74.7
120.0
111.0
112.0
131.8
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
,
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
125.5
125.1
108.9
93.1
73.4
115.7
106.0
106.6
126.4
167.7
75.1
165.6
75.8
103.4
102.5
104.5
116.9
65.1
90.0
75.3
110.2
123.9
101.0
77.0
144.5
104.0
117.0
63.2
89.4
74.6
110.2
123.3
100.1
78.0
143.1
43.5
165.9
76.0
104.1
108.8
127.6
167.9
75.4
102.5
143.3
126.7
109.2
94.5
73.8
118.0
109.2
109.1
126.5
164.4
75.1
103.3
104.0
104.3
104.2
117.0
64.7
88.2
74.2
110.2
123.9
117.4
63.7
88.8
74.3
111.0
93.5
72.9
116.2
106.9
108.3
126.1
127.3
110.0
93.9
73.2
116.7
107.7
165.6
75.2
93.2
72.0
116.5
108.5
109.1
125.7
163.1
75.1
102.3
103.4
112.0
141.5
126.7
109.7
95.2
73.4
117.2
108.9
108.9
129.7
169.1
75.8
102.5
103.4
115.8
57.8
88.2
73.2
109.0
144.7
99.7
74.2
144.2
103.1
115.6
57.2
88.5
72.0
109.0
125.4
99.3
73.5
144.3
102.8
114.8
57.6
87.6
71.7
108.5
124.5
100.1
74.9
144.9
104.0
117.3
58.9
88.8
73.0
110.4
125.1
100.5
75.0
126.7
108.7
94.0
72.3
116.8
108.1
108.5
126.2
110.0
100.3
76.3
124.3
100.3
76.1
144.5
145.0
117.0
59.9
89.6
73.9
110.4
124.7
99.9
73.6
145.9
42.5
43.0
42.8
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.7
151.0
150.0
152.1
152.3
151.3
151.8
153.1
129.3
129.3
130.5
131.4
130.1
131.0
125.0
124.3
125.9
126.3
125.7
137.6
136.7
138.2
138.5
128.3
124.7
128.9
181.1
180.2
182.6
103.5
116.2
58.5
88.2
71.6
127.3
110.5
95.9
74.0
118.4
109.7
109.4
129.6
168.3
75.4
101.8
103.6
116.5
61.3
88.0
144.3
129.6
110.0
96.5
74.0
118.5
111.2
110.5
130.1
169.1
76.0
100.5
104.3
118.4
64.2
87.9
70.7
110.0
170.3
76.5
103.4
104.6
118.9
61.1
88.7
71.6
144.7
71.2
109.5
125.8
100.8
73.1
145.6
39.7
39.5
40.3
39.1
38.6
152.5
153.2
153.3
153.6
155.8
154.8
131.3
129.3
128.2
132.2
132.1
133.1
131.2
125.9
126.2
126.0
126.5
126.2
126.7
128.2
126.7
137.9
138.0
138.2
138.2
139.7
138.5
139.2
140.1
140.2
129.0
126.7
127.3
130.5
127.4
129.4
128.6
128.1
132.9
129.2
182.6
181.7
182.3
184.5
184.4
184.9
185.0
185.3
188.4
187.6
110.2
125.2
109.5
125.6
100.9
74.2
126.3
102.0
73.9
147.0
110.7
125.9
101.3
71.8
147.9
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
63
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Percent change
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
.,
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Oct.
1997r
Nov.
1997r
Dec.
1997P
224,790
227,118
227,269
188,119
190,324
1,341
11,399
40,405
24,239
16,166
13,416
13,368
33,449
13,221
61,521
1,349
11,253
40,627
24,365
16,262
13,636
13,543
33,622
13,692
62,601
36,671
36,795
1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based
Dec. 1996
to
Dec. 1997P
Oct. 1997
to
Nov. 1997r
Nov. 1997
to
Dec. 1997p
2.6
1.0
189,910
2.5
1.2
-.2
1,334
11,561
40,795
24,512
16,283
13,439
13,394
33,700
13,337
62,349
-1.7
3.5
1.8
2.9
.6
-1.3
.5
.5
.6
1.6
1.3
.5
3.6
1.8
-1.1
2.7
.4
.6
.1
-1.4
-1.1
.2
-2.6
-.4
37,360
2.8
.1
2.6
2.0
2.0
.4
3.9
0.1
1.5
largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10
64
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1996
1997
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOV.P
Dec.P
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
$12.03 $12.05 $12.10 $12.14 $12.14 $12.19 $12.23 $12.24 $12.31 $12.35 $12.40 $12.47 $12.48
13.69
13.73
13.76
13.79
13.80
13.85
13.86
13.86
13.94
13.97
14.07
14.10
14.14
15.88
15.69
12.99
12.29
15.98
15.73
13.02
12.34
15.96
15.79
13.03
12.35
15.94
15.80
13.07
12.37
15.96
15.86
13.07
12.38
16.05
15.91
13.11
12.38
16.12
15.95
13.12
12.42
16.10
15.96
13.11
12.41
16.07
16.03
13.20
12.50
16.20
16.08
13.22
12.51
16.27
16.12
13.35
12.60
16.43
16.22
13.36
12.62
16.35
16.35
13.37
12.62
11.47
11.49
11.54
11.59
11.58
11.63
11.69
11.70
11.77
11.81
11.85
11.94
11.92
14.56
13.17
8.16
13.00
12.04
14.74
13.12
8.19
12.95
12.05
14.64
13.23
8.21
13.08
12.12
14.73
13.30
8.25
13.12
12.16
14.76
13.27
8.26
13.00
12.16
14.80
13.33
8.28
13.18
12.20
14.85
13.42
8.30
13.29
12.26
14.95
13.38
8.32
13.30
12.26
15.01
13.54
8.36
13.49
12.33
14.95
13.54
8.42
13.47
12.36
15.01
13.57
8.46
13.54
12.41
15.04
13.72
8.50
13.65
12.49
15.11
13.67
8.50
13.60
12.49
7.45
8.48
7.11
7.46
8.50
7.11
7.47
8.50
7.13
7.49
8.51
7.15
7.49
8.52
7.15
7.52
8.55
7.18
7.54
8.55
7.21
7.53
8.53
7.20
7.56
8.56
7.23
7.56
8.55
7.23
7.58
8.60
7.24
7.62
8.61
7.29
(4)
(4)
(4)
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
417.44 414.52 421.08 422.47 418.83 420.56 423.16 421.06 425.93 426.08 427.80 433.96 431.81
565.40 564.30 566.91 570.91 571.32 573.39 569.65 571.03 572.93 575.56 581.09 580.92 586.81
725.72 714.31 730.97 731.65 722.99 738.30 731.85 730.94 731.19 730.62 735.40 745.92 732.48
610.34 607.18 612.65 614.62 616.95 626.85 617.27 622.44 618.76 625.51 625.46 617.98 634.38
545.58 544.24 545.96 550.25 550.25 550.62 548.42 548.00 551.76 553.92 560.70 562.46 565.55
Manufacturing
378.51 375.72 380.82 382.47 378.67 380.30 384.60 382.59 387.23 387.37 388.68 395.21 390.98
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
580.94 582.23 581.21 586.25 580.07 584.60 588.06 583.05 601.90 596.51 597.40 604.61 598.36
507.05 501.18 510.68 513.38 509.57 511.87 516.67 512.45 519.94 518.58 519.73 530.96 522.19
236.64 235.87 238.91 240.08 238.71 239.29 239.87 239.62 243.28 242.50 244.49 245.65 245.65
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
258.64 256.51 260.09 260.78 258.54 259.60 260.89 259.11 261.63 260.92 261.49 265.09
350.31 349.20 350.16 352.41 352.67 353.94 351.20 351.40 351.92 352.46 355.19 354.87
234.52 232.50 235.22 236.09 233.75 234.75 237.11 235.44 237.86 237.21 237.58 241.42
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
4
(4)
(4)
(4)
Not available.
These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject
to revision.
5
65
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Industry
OO06
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Total
121,505 121,464 124,111 124,508 124,695
-
-
-
-
-
Total private
101,537 101,593 104,081 104,323 104,546
83,328
83,346
85,351
85,539
85,682
433
575
570
580
576
571
431
426
440
437
10
101
102
54.1
8.5
16.2
53.9
8.5
16.3,
53.4
8.3
16.4
53.1
8.3
16.4
52.5
_
-
41.9
7.0
12.5
41.9
7.0
12.6
40.8
6.8
12.3
40.6
6.9
12.3
_
_
-
12
122
94.7
87.9
93.6
87.0
90.9
85.1
90.3
84.6
90.2
-
77.4
71.7
76.8
71.2
74.2
69.3
74.1
69.2
-
13
131
138
318.0
138.6
175.4
317.7
138.3
175.4
325.9
131.1
190.7
323.9
130.6
189.2
323.3
-
229.2
78.1
148.0
228.8
77.9
147.8
241.7
75.8
162.5
239.9
75.5
161.0
-
14
142
144
147
108.4
41.1
36.7
12.5
104.7
40.1
34.5
12.2
110.1
41.8
37.9
11.9
108.2
41.2
36.8
11.9
105.4
_
-
82.6
32.3
—
-
78.8
31.4
-
83.7
32.8
_
-
82.1
32.1
_
-
5,620
5,420
5,921
5,815
5,624
4,388
4,191
4,634
4,527
4,334
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
,
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
,
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
Construction
_
_
_
-
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
1,290.2
652.9
26.3
611.0
1,272.7
642.4
26.1
604.2
1,350.3
688.3
27.4
634.6
1,345.1
686.6
27.1
631.4
1,331.6
_
-
919.8
446.2
11.0
462.6
901.7
435.0
10.6
456.1
959.8
472.2
11.3
476.3
953.5
469.8
10.9
472.8
—
-
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
802.7
248.5
554.2
726.2
206.2
520.0
839.8
279.9
559.9
791.1
249.1
542.0
721.2
-
675.3
203.7
471.6
601.5
162.8
438.7
709.8
234.2
475.6
660.6
203.7
456.9
-
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
3,527.1
779.9
199.0
659.2
466.5
248.2
241.6
3,421.3
775.5
189.2
658.4
453.8
242.0
229.2
3,730.4
803.9
215.5
701.7
498.6
259.5
252.4
3,678.4
801.1
208.0
704.6
492.1
257.9
243.1
3,571.1
_
_
-
2,792.5
577.3
164.8
521.5
403.5
190.1
195.9
2,687.8
571.9
154.8
520.6
390.5
183.8
183.7
2,964.0
595.7
180.7
555.2
430.9
200.2
202.9
2,913.2
591.3
173.3
560.2
424.4
198.3
193.5
_
_
-
18,487
18,469
18,664
18,699
18,701
12,779
12,757
12,919
12,938
12,945
10,814
10,828
11,005
11,055
11,077
7,408
7,418
7,562
7,600
7,625
647.1
63.1
159.2
126.2
31.4
233.4
90.3
63.6
23.4
28.1
44.9
73.3
58.3
73.2
667.5
67.3
164.2
129.8
32.7
240.5
91.3
67.4
23.9
27.8
46.4
74.9
59.0
74.2
663.7
65.7
163.5
129.3
32.5
240.6
91.3
67.9
24.0
27.7
46.0
73.9
58.5
74.0
663.8
402.3
232.6
107.7
72.3
17.5
24.8
407.7
232.0
105.6
73.5
15.8
27.3
408.9
233.0
106.1
74.0
16.4
27.1
411.5
_
—
_
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
MiIIwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
791.0
80.3
183.3
146.0
35.5
292.7
117.3
80.0
27.7
30.3
52.5
91.9
70.0
90.3
786.2
78.9
182.9
145.5
35.5
290.6
116.6
79.5
27.7
30.2
52.7
91.1
69.5
90.0
809.1
83.6
188.5
149.5
37.0
299.0
118.4
83.1
28.3
30.1
54.2
93.1
70.1
90.7
805.3
81.9
187.5
148.7
36.8
299.0
118.3
83.6
28.3
30.1
54.2
92.0
69.6
90.7
804.9
-
—
—
_
_
_
-
651.8
64.5
159.4
126.5
31.4
235.4
90.8
64.1
23.5
28.2
44.8
73.9
58.8
73.8
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
506.9
275.7
124.3
86.'0
20.8
32.1
508.2
276.2
124.6
85.9
21.2
32.2
512.2
275.0
122.0
87.1
19.2
35.1
514.3
276.4
122.4
87.8
19.8
35.1
516.9
—
_
-
400.1
231.7
107.0
72.3
17.2
24.7
See footnotes at end of table.
66
-
—
_
—
_
_
_
-
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1987
SIC
Code
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
62.5
45.4
89.2
40.1
63.4
45.2
89.3
40.0
537.5
15.7
71.8
27.3
44.5
58.5
17.3
32.9
39.9
210.5
17.4
71.1
104.2
76.4
19.9
2.6
23.9
550.6
15.5
72.1
25.4
46.7
60.3
17.4
32.5
38.9
223.2
18.6
74.2
112.6
75.9
19.5
2.6
23.6
545.1
15.6
71.9
25.2
46.7
59.9
17.4
32.6
38.8
218.3
18.3
73.4
108.9
75.7
19.5
2.6
23.6
709.9
237.4
165.7
26.6
128.8
81.4
4.1
26.7
39.2
22.6
168.2
22.8
21.5
72.3
91.1
25.0
710.7
237.9
165.7
26.7
129.4
82.0
4.1
26.5
39.0
22.5
167.7
22.7
21.3
72.3
91.2
24.6
714.5
236.3
163.2
27.2
133.3
83.6
3.8
27.4
38.8
22.0
167.8
22.3
21.0
71.9
91.9
25.0
1,461.2
38.3
31.0
126.5
43.9
70.4
59.6
23.3
22.0
446.0
75.4
78.5
101.2
118.9
29.8
101.5
52.1
49.4
253.1
30.7
117.1
94.0
1,463.6
38.3
30.9
127.0
43.9
70.6
60.0
23.7
22.1
445.0
75.7
77.0
101.3
119.4
29.5
101.9
52.6
49.3
254.4
30.9
118.3
94.1
1,485.0
37.8
30.5
126.8
43.0
71.0
59.3
22.8
22.1
452.5
77.7
77.5
100.2
122.8
30.6
105.2
54.9
50.3
256.7
32.4
115.1
97.8
252
253
254
259
61.9
44.4
86.4
38.5
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
545.7
15.6
71.9
27.0
44.9
59.6
17.2
33.1
40.0
217.4
17.8
72.0
109.7
76.4
19.9
2.6
24.0
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
,
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
,
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgingsand stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
62.1
44.6
86.7
38.6.
See footnotes at end of table.
Production workers'
All employees
67
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
45.7
35.2
62.4
25.1
46.1
35.3
63.1
25.2
46.2
35.9
67.0
26.6
47.2
35.5
66.7
26.5
537.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
426.2
12.5
60.4
24.3
36.1
46.5
12.9
25.9
31.9
167.2
11.3
54.7
87.3
58.4
15.8
2.2
-
418.2
12.4
60.3
24.5
35.8
45.3
13.2
25.9
31.9
160.5
10.9
53.8
82.0
58.2
15.7
2.2
-
432.0
12.5
60.1
22.8
37.3
48.1
13.3
25.3
30.7
172.7
12.2
56.6
89.9
58.3
15.5
2.2
-
426.7
12.6
59.6
22.5
37.1
47.5
13.3
25.2
30.5
168.6
11.7
56.2
86.7
58.4
15.5
2.2
-
420.0
—
_
_
718.5
237.2
163.7
27.5
134.3
83.7
3.8
27.9
39.1
22.2
168.2
22.3
21.1
72.0
92.6
25.3
721.9
238.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
553.7
182.7
128.2
20.2
105.5
67.5
3.2
21.7
30.3
18.2
128.0
17.8
16.0
54.5
74.4
20.6
555.0
182.9
128.3
20.1
106.2
68.0
3.2
21.7
30.1
18.1
128.0
17.7
15.9
54.7
74.6
20.2
559.6
182.3
126.8
20.5
109.5
69.4
2.9
22.4
30.0
17.8
128.9
17.6
15.6
55.0
74.6
20.4
563.6
183.1
127.4
20.7
110.5
69.6
3.0
22.8
30.2
18.0
129.6
17.7
15.7
55.2
75.3
20.7
567.4
184.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,491.1
37.3
30.1
127.4
43.1
71.6
60.6
23.3
22.7
453.7
78.0
77.6
100.9
122.6
30.8
106.1
55.5
50.6
257.4
32.6
115.8
97.6
1,494.6
1,100.3
32.9
27.0
95.6
34.0
53.6
43.0
17.0
15.2
327.7
55.4
58.4
73.0
91.9
21.1
79.6
42.3
37.3
202.8
23.5
98.4
72.4
1,102.1
33.0
26.9
96.0
34.0
53.7
43.3
17.3
15.3
327.7
55.9
57.2
73.5
92.4
20.8
80.2
42.8
37.4
203.3
23.6
98.9
72.4
1,122.2
32.2
26.3
97.0
33.2
54.2
42.3
16.3
15.2
331.9
57.0
57.4
72.3
94.2
22.2
82.8
44.7
38.1
204.3
24.8
95.1
75.9
1,126.8
31.9
26.0
97.6
33.3
54.7
43.7
17.0
15.6
332.4
57.1
57.4
72.8
93.9
22.4
83.4
45.1
38.3
205.2
25.0
95.8
75.9
1,131.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry-—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
137.0
83.7
53.3
46.3
24.0
252.9
25.0
54.4
137.8
84.1
53.7
45.2
23.9
254.0
25.1
54.7
144.4
90.0
54.4
42.3
22.0
260.0
25.5
55.2
145.2
90.3
54.9
41.9
21.9
261.5
25.8
55.4
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee....
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
2,109.4
82.9
24.8
58.1
98.8
73.9
232.1
85.8
16.6
41.7
40.5
29.3
345.8
41.7
17.2
165.3
52.7
22.7
174.1
14.9
21.8
25.4
256.7
30.0
39.9
25.8
35.3
17.3
21.5
364.7
191.8
2,121.0
83.1
24.7
58.4
102.9
74.8
233.2
86.0
16.7
41.8
41.1
29.4
347.1
41.9
17.2
166.1
53.1
22.5
174.7
14.9
21.8
25.4
257.2
30.0
40.0
25.8
35.4
17.5
21.6
366.1
192.4
2,166.9
82.4
24.5
57.9
101.8
77.8
244.9
88.0
16.8
47.7
42.2
31.1
351.4
41.7
17.4
169.3
53.8
21.4
180.5
15.0
22.0
25.3
259.0
30.2
40.1
25.8
35.8
18.0
21.7
385.9
199.8
2,177.7
81.7
24.4
57.3
103.8
77.8
246.1
88.4
16.7
48.7
42.5
31.0
353.1
41.7
17.4
170.6
54.1
21.2
182.1
15.2
22.2
25.5
260.4
30.2
40.3
25.9
35.7
18.1
21.9
384.2
199.9
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
57.5
204.7
142.1
349.6
23.2
280.2
1,653.6
81.6
39.9
41.7
156.3
75.2
60.7
121.4
29.5
17.4
27.2
61.7
199.7
135.1
361.3
22.9
290.1
60.9
202.6
137.6
363.7
23.0
292.1
1,654.4 1,669.4
81.5
79.9
39.8
37.6
41.7
42.3
156.3,
152.8
75.4
74.6
60.3
57.9
119.2
115.8
27.8
24.5
17.4
17.6
26.4
27.4
1,682.8
81.2
38.8
42.4
153.0
74.2
58.2
116.7
25.6
17.8
26.9
57.6
205.0
142.1
351.7
23.1
282.0
See footnotes at end of table.
Nov.
1997P
68
Dec.
1997P
_
_
2,187.8
_
_
_
_
—
—
_
-
_
_
385.7
_
_
1,688.4
_
_
_
_
_
-
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
108.6
66.5
42.1
24.6
9.7
185.5
18.7
41.2
109.2
66.9
42.3
23.3
9.7
186.1
18.7
41.4
116.6
73.6
43.0
23.7
10.1
191.4
18.9
41.8
117.2
73.6
43.6
23.2
10.1
192.2
19.0
41.8
1,316.2
52.3
14.0
38.3
71.2
53.1
150.5
58.2
9.8
27.9
23.0
20.3
245.4
25.8
11.1
125.5
36.7
15.8
97.6
9.9
12.2
15.4
164.1
17.1
31.7
15.1
23.4
12.3
15.0
127.9
56.1
1,327.5
52.5
14.0
38.5
74.1
53.5
151.6
58.6
9.8
28.2
23.3
20.4
246.5
25.9
11.1
126.4
37.1
15.5
98.2
10.0
12.3
15.4
165.1
17.2
31.8
15.2
23.6
12.4
15.1
129.5
57.1
1,362.6
52.8
13.8
39.0
73.5
56.3
159.7
59.9
10.1
32.6
23.6
21.5
251.4
26.3
10.9
129.5
38.3
14.9
99.4
9.9
12.4
15.0
166.0
17.5
31.3
15.1
24.1
13.0
15.2
146.1
67.5
1,372.3
52.7
13.8
38.9
75.6
56.5
161.1
60.5
10.0
33.4
23.7
21.6
252.2
26.3
11.0
130.7
38.4
14.6
100.4
10.0
12.6
15.2
167.2
17.5
31.4
15.0
24.1
13.2
15.4
144.9
68.1
23.0
146.8
107.7
260.4
18.1
213.7
23.2
147.5
108.0
262.5
18.3
215.2
25.2
141.9
101.4
271.8
18.3
223.4
23.8
144.2
103.3
274.0
18.3
225.4
1,049.6
55.6
28.4
27.2
109.4
58.8
35.8
96.8
24.1
13.9
20.9
1,046.9
55.6
28.4
27.2
109.4
58.9
35.6
94.0
22.1
13.9
19.6
1,058.7
54.2
26.0
28.2
106.3
58.2
33.5
90.7
18.7
13.9
21.0
1,069.6
55.2
26.8
28.4
106.4
57.7
33.8
91.9
19.8
14.1
20.5
Dec.
1997P
_
—
1,379.9
_
_
—
—
_
_
_
_
—
_
—
—
_
_
—
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
—
1,078.3
—
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
_
_
654.8
_
_
-
128.0
17.5
40.3
13.5
15.5
56.1
34.5
127.2
56.4
364.4
16.3
114.5
91.1
112.1
21.6
55.1
128.6
17.5
40.4
13.7
15.5
54.2
33.2
128.6
56.7
365.0
16.1
114.4
91.4
111.5
21.7
54.6
128.3
17.3
40.7
13.4
15.8
49.7
31.4
129.9
56.7
391.9
16.6
125.8
97.2
107.7
21.1
52.6
128.8
17.3
41.1
13.4
15.8
50.3
31.7
130.5
56.9
398.1
16.9
127.9
98.3
108.4
21.0
53.3
1,872.3
994.4
349.9
41.0
546.0
38.1
524.2
276.8
101.6
145.8
149.2
93.7
55.5
35.2
91.4
63.3
53.1
22.2
1,876.8
995.3
_
_
526.2
_
_
_
-
1,212.3
757.4
256.9
30.8
428.1
26.9
231.3
102.6
50.7
78.0
117.7
71.7
46.0
27.1
24.4
15.5
37.5
18.0
1,225.5
767.1
265.4
31.1
429.1
26.6
234.6
104.3
51.2
79.1
117.5
71.9
45.6
27.4
24.3
15.4
37.7
17.9
1,256.7
773.1
262.8
32.7
431.2
30.6
264.2
117.0
54.9
92.3
112.1
66.2
45.9
26.1
24.4
15.5
38.7
18.7
1,276.4
788.7
271.5
32.7
437.5
31.0
267.1
118.6
54.9
93.6
112.6
66.3
46.3
26.4
24.6
15.5
38.6
18.6
1,278.9
787.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
859.7
162.4
301.7
40.7
66.1
78.6
268.8
103.5
92.5
35.8
83.3
7.7
860.8
162.4
302.5
40.6
66.4
78.5
269.1
103.8
92.7
35.7
83.4
7.7
863.5
_
_
_
_
_
-
421.5
45.0
151.3
27.4
33.3
33.0
157.0
67.7
56.3
22.7
39.1
6.4
423.0
44.8
152.0
27.5
33.3
33.2
157.6
67.3
57.0
22.9
39.2
6.5
420.9
41.9
153.8
27.5
33.6
32.9
155.9
65.1
57.2
23.4
39.5
6.4
421.3
42.2
153.9
27.5
33.7
32.4
156.3
65.1
57.6
23.2
39.3
6.4
425.1
—
_
390.6
48.8
36.7
16.2
108.6
39.9
68.7
30.6
24.7
14.5
161.7
69.4
386.6
48.4
36.3
16.2
106.8
39.2
67.6
30.7
24.2
14.0
160.3
68.8
384.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
276.3
35.0
25.8
12.4
79.0
28.0
51.0
21.7
17.4
10.2
110.8
43.9
270.8
34.4
25.3
12.3
77.6
26.4
51.2
21.5
16.7
9.6
108.3
43.9
274.3
33.9
25.1
12.8
74.6
26.3
48.3
20.7
17.2
10.0
115.1
45.6
270.7
33.5
24.8
12.8
73.0
25.8
47.2
20.6
17.3
10.2
113.5
44.9
268.3
_
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
179.5
22.4
61.9
17.8
21.2
77.6
53.4
271.8
114.7
643.7
22.7
274.4
141.9
148.3
26.9
66.6
180.2
22.4
62.4
17.8
21.3
78.4
54.0
274.0
116.3
650.2
22.9
276.0
142.5
149.1
26.9
67.7
1,804.5
970.4
345.6
38.7
534.4
33.6
480.3
255.3
97.8
127.2
152.4
97.7
54.7
36.1
90.2
62.9
52.3
21.4
1,847.4
976.9
340.1
40.9
539.2
37.6
518.6
273.8
100.9
143.9
148.1
93.0
55.1
34.9
91.1
63.2
53.1
22.2
854.0
161.1
297.7
41.9
66.0
75.7
267.7
104.8
91.9
35.0
84.7
7.8
856.0
160.9
298.4
41.9
66.1
75.9
268.7
104.8
92.6
35.1
85.1
7.8
390.8
50.2
37.7
15.8
112.8
41.9
70.9
31.9
24.9
14.6
155.2
66.0
386.3
49.6
37.2
15.7
112.2
40.5
71.7
31.8
24.0
13.8
153.0
66.4
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
178.7
22.6
62.2
17.4
20.4
84.5
56.5
270.1
113.2
607.7
22.9
255.7
136.0
153.3
27.8
68.7
179.4
22.8
62.4
17.6
20.4
83.0
55.5
271.8
113.1
610.1
22.9
256.1
137.2
153.1
28.0
68.3
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
1,791.3
959.6
336.2
38.5
533.1
33.9
477.4
253.4
98.0
126.0
153.0
97.9
55.1
35.7
90.4
63.1
52.3
21.6
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
Production workers1
All employees
69
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
—
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meatpacking plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
7,673
1,692.9
483.9
148.8
96.9
238.2
140.5
40.9
61.2
225.6
19.8
67.3
46.4
126.4
19.2
40.3
213.9
151.2
7,641
1,674 Q
482.8
148.6
96.7
237.5
141.2
41.0
61.7
215.4
19.6
60.5
45.0
126.7
19.2
40.5
212.4
151.1
7,659
1,727.1
485.3
150.0
96.9
238.4
141.2
40.3
62.1
240.0
19.8
75.2
51.4
126.7
19.4
40.3
212.6
152.1
7,644
1,709.1
490.1
151.1
97.9
241.1
141.0
40.4
62.0
223.2
18.7
65.6
47.3
126.6
19.6
40.0
213.7
153.1
7,624
1,693.0
5,339
1,243.1
411.4
124.9
75.3
211.2
93.9
33.4
35.4
178.0
15.6
48.2
39.1
90.5
12.0
26.1
143.7
92.8
5,357
1,289.5
412.7
125.7
75.4
211.6
93.1
32.9
34.9
203.5
16.0
63.3
45.1
91.1
11.9
26.3
143.5
92.5
5,338
1,271.2
417.1
127.2
75.8
214.1
93.5
33.0
35.2
187.2
14.8
54.1
41.1
91.3
12.0
26.3
143.7
92.6
5,320
1,252.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
-
5,371
1,259.1
412.6
125.2
75.5
211.9
93.0
33.3
34.7
187.9
15.7
55.0
40.5
90.1
12.1
26.0
145.2
93.0
62.7
109.0
6.5
4.3
10.6
60.2
31.2
177.4
36.2
92.4
185.0
61.3
107.2
6.4
4.3
9.6
59.7
31.2
176.4
35.6
91.9
181.6
60.5
112.1
6.2
4.2
14.9
59.1
33.8
181.5
34.4
93.9
193.9
60.6
110.5
8.3
4.3
11.6
59.3
32.9
180.6
34.2
94.0
190.5
_
_
_
_
_
—
-
52.2
88.0
5.0
3.3
9.6
49.7
22.1
84.7
23.2
37.8
135.5
50.9
86.5
5.0
3.3
8.6
49.3
21.9
84.7
23.0
37.9
132.5
51.0
91.1
4.7
3.2
13.8
48.2
23.6
88.9
21.7
38.8
142.0
51.1
88.7
6.4
3.1
10.6
48.1
23.0
88.1
21.5
38.6
138.6
_
-
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
43.6
28.5
44.6
28.6
43.9
27.5
43.7
27.5
43.6
-
34.4
21.2
35.4
21.3
34.7
20.4
34.7
20.5
34.3
-
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
617.4
73.6
65.5
14.3
20.6
175.6
21.1
38.9
54.2
18.1
22.4
68.2
32.0
21.6
61.1
87.4
64.0
16.4
51.1
614.9
73.4
65.1
14.3
20.5
174.3
21.1
39.1
53.5
17.3
22.4
67.4
31.4
21.6
61.2
88.3
64.7
16.7
50.4
603.4
70.6
65.7
14.1
20.9
168.1
19.9
37.9
50.7
15.0
23.2
63.6
29.8
20.3
62.3
86.9
63.3
16.4
51.2
603.4
70.6
65.9
14.1
20.7
167.9
19.8
38.0
50.7
14.5
23.5
63.8
30.0
20.4
63.2
86.4
63.0
16.2
50.8
602.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
523.2
65.1
55.0
12.2
17.0
150.9
18.5
33.9
46.7
16.0
18.5
55.7
26.1
17.3
49.9
77.7
57.3
14.2
39.7
521.1
65.2
54.9
12.2
17.0
149.4
18.4
34.1
45.8
15.2
18.5
55.1
25.7
17.2
49.9
78.5
57.9
14.4
38.9
512.4
63.1
55.3
12.0
17.4
144.0
17.4
33.1
43.9
13.0
19.3
52.1
24.5
16.3
51.8
76.7
56.4
13.9
40.0
511.6
63.2
55.3
11.9
17.2
143.3
17.3
33.1
43.4
12.7
19.6
52.3
24.7
16.4
52.7*
76.4
56.1
13.8
39.3
511.9
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
_
—
_
_
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
850.2
31.8
219.8
45.4
73.9
32.7
251.0
25.7
39.2
25.4
160.7
837.5
31.7
218.2
45.3
73.3
33.2
244.5
26.0
38.2
23.9
156.4
808.5
29.8
206.5
42.4
70.1
30.1
237.2
24.9
37.8
26.9
147.6
801.1
29.9
204.1
41.9
69.7
29.9
234.4
24.4
37.3
25.9
146.8
793.2
695.6
25.9
186.5
38.3
64.1
28.2
204.1
20.1
30.9
20.1
133.0
683.8
25.7
184.6
38.6
63.0
28.4
198.4
20.4
29.8
19.0
129.2
660.1
24.0
175.1
36.5
60.6
25.9
192.3
19.2
29.6
21.3
122.2
653.4
24.2
172.7
36.1
60.3
25.6
190.1
18.8
29.0
20.4
121.9
646.7
—
_
See footnotes at end of table.
70
_
—
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
32.0
24.7
7.3
27.8
10.8
27.7
176.7
15.8
47.6
47.9
31.4
24.1
7.3
27.0
10.8
26.8
175.0
15.7
46.9
47.6
28.4
21.1
7.3
24.9
9.9
26.4
174.8
14.1
47.6
47.6
28.1
21.0
7.1
23.8
9.4
26.3
174.0
13.9
47.5
47.1
679.5
_
_
_
_
-
517.1
123.7
37.4
169.9
97.5
15.1
39.8
176.2
24.4
29.8
18.7
517.3
124.1
37.7
170.0
97.9
15.1
39.7
175.6
24.1
29.7
18.8
515.1
122.6
37.6
169.4
97.9
15.0
39.1
176.3
23.4
30.7
19.3
514.2
122.6
37.7
169.3
98.3
15.0
38.8
175.5
22.3
30.9
19.4
517.0
1,557.4
451.1
133.5
122.4
84.2
38.2
91.3
571.4
372.5
179.0
44.4
65.4
49.1
1,562.0
_
_
_
_
_
-
841.9
150.7
43.8
64.5
33.8
30.7
40.6
405.7
262.1
127.1
30.9
51.0
35.1
844.2
151.3
44.1
65.5
34.2
31.3
39.8
407.1
263.7
127.3
31.0
51.1
34.8
841.1
150.0
45.6
61.7
31.9
29.8
42.5
406.2
263.7
126.7
31.2
49.6
33.1
846.6
150.6
45.9
63.4
33.1
30.3
43.1
408.8
265.9
127.1
31.4
49.6
33.1
850.7
_
_
_
_
_
-
1,027.2
115.5
70.1
154.7
77.1
47.0
260.9
206.4
157.6
40.2
42.0
75.4
53.8
141.2
25.7
112.8
49.8
93.7
1,027.8
115.9
70.5
154.5
77.1
46.9
262.2
207.5
155.9
40.1
42.2
73.6
53.7
141.1
25.9
112.5
50.0
94.5
1,028.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
569.2
54.6
36.1
105.4
47.5
37.7
118.7
97.1
94.6
22.5
23.4
48.7
28.1
80.8
15.5
63.2
31.1
55.9
566.9
54.5
36.1
105.6
47.4
37.6
118.9
97.1
92.7
22.3
23.0
47.4
27.9
80.7
15.6
63.0
30.8
55.8
571.2
58.3
35.2
103.2
47.9
36.8
116.0
93.4
97.3
21.5
23.4
52.4
28.7
80.8
15.5
63.3
30.1
56.8
574.5
58.7
35.2
103.5
47.9
36.9
117.5
94.3
96.7
22.0
23.8
50.9
28.5
81.3
15.7
63.6
30.3
58.0
577.2
138.0
98.4
25.3
139.1
95.5
29.1
138.0
95.5
27.8
135.2
_
-
92.3
63.3
21.4
89.4
63.4
18.3
92.1
62.4
21.9
90.8
62.3
20.7
88.5
_
-
986.7
78.9
6.5
68.1
27.8
113.9
719.3
995.8
77.4
7.3
70.6
28.1
115.0
725.5
995.8
76.5
7.2
71.2
28.4
115.5
725.4
997.6
_
_
_
_
-
766.6
57.5
5.4
52.3
21.6
88.2
563.2
765.1
57.1
5.2
52.2
21.5
87.8
562.8
772.7
57.5
5.8
54.4
22.0
88.1
566.9
773.2
57.0
5.8
54.7
22.1
88.4
567.3
775.2
_
_
_
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
40.6
29.8
10.8
33.7
12.8
34.2
220.1
20.0
56.0
60.4
39.8
29.1
10.7
32.8
12.7
33.3
218.1
20.0
55.3
59.8
36.0
26.1
9.9
30.0
11.3
33.2
217.8
18.1
56.1
59.9
35.8
25.9
9.9
28.9
10.9
33.1
216.8
17.9
56.0
59.5
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
679.5
159.5
49.2
218.8
130.1
17.1
49.0
239.5
46.2
38.5
24.0
679.3
159.9
49.2
219.0
130.7
17.1
48.8
238.7
45.7
38.4
24.1
675.4
157.6
48.7
218.0
130.5
16.7
48.3
239.6
46.5
39.2
24.6
678.1
157.8
48.6
218.5
131.2
16.7
48.2
241.8
47.8
39.4
24.8
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,541.5
443.6
131.7
123.0
84.3
38.7
87.1
566.8
367.3
178.8
44.2
66.5
50.6
1,544.7 1,548.5
448.6
445.4
133.3
131.7
120.2
124.6
82.4
85.2
39.4
37.8
90.3
86.0
568.1 . 568.7
370.6
368.7
178.3
179.0
44.3
44.6
65.3
66.2
49.1
50.4
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
1.026.1
118.0
72.7
158.6
76.3
48.8
256.5
204.1
154.0
40.4
41.6
72.0
53.0
142.2
25.6
113.8
50.9
92.9
1,026.0
117.9
72.6
158.4
76.3
48.4
257.3
205.1
152.2
40.3
41.4
70.5
52.9
142.3
25.6
113.9
52.1
92.9
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
141.6
98.7
28.6
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
987.1
78.5
6.5
68.2
27.9
114.4
719.5
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
See footnotes at end of table.
71
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Nov.
1996
L/OOe
_
_
-
Dec.
1997P
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Centric*
UO06
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996 .
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
93.5
12.7
43.3
22.1
12.6
10.7
10.3
94.3
13.0
43.5
22.6
12.6
10.8
9.9
90.0
12.6
40.1
21.4
10.6
11.1
9.1
89.5
12.6
39.7
21.2
10.5
11.1
9.1
88.0
—
-
71.6
10.5
34.8
17.1
10.2
7.8
6.4
73.1
10.8
35.0
17.6
10.2
8.3
6.1
68.5
10.3
32.3
17.0
8.2
8.2
5.4
67.9
10.4
31.9
16.8
8.1
8.2
5.3
66.3
_
-
6,356
6,365
6,542
6,542
6,565
5,362
5,370
5,470
5,463
5,489
4,128
4,143
4,289
4,286
4,305
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2
40
4011
230.2
204.9
227.6
202.6
229.4
202.8
229.7
203.0
227.8
-
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
463.6
220.9
30.8
27.3
150.1
465.4
222.9
31.0
27.1
150.1
476.3
227.8
31.2
28.2
153.2
475.9
229.0
31.5
28.2
152.1
478.3
_
_
_
-
423.4
200.1
_
24.8
-
426.2
201.8
_
24.7
-
435.6
206.8
—
25.4
-
435.3
207.5
25.4
-
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air ..
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
1,667.3
1,501.7
160.8
1,658.3
1,493.9
159.7
1,731.9
1,559.0
168.3
1,720.0
1,547.5
167.8
1,717.0
-
1,453.5
1,314.6
134.6
1,444.7
1,307.0
133.4
1,523.1
1,377.9
141.1
1,509.9
1,365.2
140.5
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services
44
444
449
170.1
14.5
112.3
169.2
14.5
112.0
179.1
14.9
120.8
173.8
15.0
117.4
171.8
_
-
_
98.2
_
_
98.1
_
—
107.0
103.9
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services
45
451
4512
458
1.157.3
996.7
511.0
117
1,183.5
1,021.9
516.6
117
1.216.5
1,047.4
538.7
122
1,233.3
1,062.9
539.6
124
1,253.9
_
_
-
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.2
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
424.7
215.6
171.1
163.2
424.9
215.8
171.0
163.1
441.6
218.7
173.4
171.6
2,228
2,222
1,351.1
904.0
773.5
246.9
116.6
130.3
176.9
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
Electric, gas. and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
-
-
_
-
11.6
11.6
11.6
11.5
-
345.1
179.7
142.9
127.5
345.2
179.6
142.5
127.9
360.0
183.3
145.6
133.5
357.4
180.4
143.9
134.1
441.8
_
_
-
2.253
2,256
2,260
1.347.0
899.7
767.2
248.2
117.0
131.2
176.4
1,389.2
936.2
787.2
251.5
120.2
131.3
179.2
1,395.4
940.4
788.5
252.9
121.7
131.2
179.9
876.6
381.2
145.3
162.3
155.4
875.3
381.1
145.0
161.3
155.4
863.5
375.3
140.2
158.9
155.7
6,563
6.560
3.845
503.6
138.2
289.2
155.9
73.5
82.4
3,854
504.3
138.9
289.4
157.1
74.4
82.7
-
-
-
-
1,397.9
_
—
_
-
1,063.5
696.1
593.3
205.9
-
1,054.5
685.9
567.9
209.3
1,053.0
682.8
563.7
210.5
-
149.3
1,059.4
692.2
587.3
206.9
148.5
_
148.9
149.5
860.9
374.5
140.1
158.9
154.2
862.3
696.0
302.7
112.8
126.4
128.7
694.5
303.2
112.5
125.0
128.2
685.8
299.5
108.3
122.9
128.8
684.2
299.6
108.1
122.8
127.5
6,735
6,742
6,745
5,306
5,297
5,420
5,418
3,979
510.8
144.2
289.8
163.9
77.5
86.4
3,994
510.8
144.2
290.2
164.3
78.6
85.7
4,006
_
_
-
3,069
410.8
_
124.6
_
-
3,073
411.4
_
125.4
_
-
3,154
414.1
—
_
130.6
_
-
3,162
413.3
_
-
-
_
_
439.4
216.2
172.1
172.1
_
_
_
_
—
-
14.2
72
-
_
_
-
_
-
See footnotes at end of table.
1
-
131.2
-
-
—
_
_
_
—
-
_
5,410
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
248.4
126.5
38.4
835.2
196.0
322.6
177.0
143.9
525.3
222.0
48.2
255.1
298.7
105.8
118.1
802.6
85.1
117.6
325.0
150.8
331.2
129.9
246.3
125.8
38.2
839.3
196.7
325.1
177.1
144.1
526.9
222.3
48.4
256.2
300.6
105.9
119.5
806.1
85.1
117.2
327.2
151.8
329.1
129.1
255.4
129.5
39.0
863.9
207.0
333.2
182.2
145.1
551.7
234.4
49.2
268.1
304.6
107.1
120.0
839.7
90.3
123.4
342.1
155.1
343.7
136.6
254.9
129.7
38.7
869.8
207.3
335.3
183.4
146.0
555.6
236.4
49.4
269.8
303.9
107.0
119.6
840.3
91.0
122.7
342.7
155.2
348.7
137.6
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
2,718
260.2
148.9
206.1
227.4
914.6
284.2
57.2
111.3
109.2
146.0
157.6
64.1
93.5
155.6
100.1
55.5
541.4
163.3
2,706
260.7
149.4
208.2
225.6
913.4
284.3
57.3
108.5
106.1
146.7
157.1
63.4
93.7
155.7
100.1 ,
55.6
532.7
160.2
2,756
262.1
151.0
214.4
227.1
926.9
290.8
56.7
110.6
113.1
146.0
161.2
66.4
94.8
156.1
102.1
54.0
549.0
174.4
2,748
261.3
150.3
215.6
229.0
919.8
291.5
57.3
104.1
110.8
146.0
160.9
66.3
94.6
156.9
102.0
54.9
547.9
169.5
2,739
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
uooe
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
Production workers'
All employees
Retail trade
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
205.4
_
662.2
_
144.5
115.9
397.1
_
242.2
641.6
_
269.4
-
203.5
267.0
-
210.8
_
675.3
—
147.3
117.5
408.1
_
_
247.8
_
671.4
_
278.6
-
2,237
218.1
171.6
183.5
772.0
88.8
107.1
130.1
_
125.9
_
440.0
-
2,224
218.9
173.7
181.4
770.5
_
_
85.2
107.2
129.9
_
125.8
_
431.0
-
2,266
220.0
_
178.4
183.8
780.6
_
92.2
106.1
133.4
_
—
126.8
•—
444.4
-
443.0
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
663.3
_
144.4
116.1
397.9
244.6
644.1
-
Dec.
1997P
210.5
—
679.1
_
148.1
118.1
408.4
_
246.7
671.4
—
282.8
2,256
218.1
179.2
185.6
774.5
_
_
89.3
106.4
133.3
_
126.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
22,205
22,541
22,341
22,722
23,079
19,577
19,900
19,658
20,024
20,359
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
904.5
547.8
66.4
166.6
84.7
904.4
546.5
65.6
168.7
85.1
929.8
570.9
68.0
164.5
85.5
925.9
566.2
68.3
166.3
84.4
926.1
-
756.6
465.9
51.8
138.7
69.1
755.5
463.8
51.0
140.0
70.1
772.8
482.5
52.7
135.2
70.4
768.4
477.7
52.9
137.0
69.1
_
_
_
-
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2.980.5
2,610.6
153.7
216.2
3,068.0
2,676 5
161.9
229.6
2.883.3
2,532.5
142.5
208.3
3,065.0
2,694.7
149.4
220.9
3,159.0
2,755.4
2,788.3
2,466.9
133.0
188.4
2,872.0
2,530.5
140.1
201.4
2,679.3
2,377.2
121.3
180.8
2,856.5
2,536.3
127.4
192.8
_
_
-
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3,502.1
3,067.8
51.5
18.7
201.5
3.530.7
3,072.2
57.8
22.5
204.5
3,521.4
3,071.4
48.5
17.7
212.3
3,554.6
3,090.8
52.3
17.9
215.2
3,587.8
_
-
3,173.9
2,800.2
3,207.9
2,809.8
_
3,196.7
2,811.5
-
3,228.2
2,828.7
177.4
180.3
185.7
188.5
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
55
551
2,297.0
1,045.7
2,292.0
1,044.3
2,342.2
1,063.1
2,336.6
1,061.2
2,334.5
1,058.5
1,923.1
875.3
1,916.6
874.3
1,953.0
891.9
1,948.2
890.4
See footnotes at end of table.
73
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
U006
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
-
316.1
586.1
7.7
314.6
583.4
7.8
319.6
588.1
8.3
317.5
587.8
8.5
_
-
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Retail trade-Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
553
554
559
391.1
677.2
9.3
390.1
675.6
9.3
• 408.4
677.6
10.0
407.1
676.6
10.2
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
1,159.4
82.6
309.7
376.2
204.4
1.207.3
87.1
320.3
396.3
209.3
1,104.7
75.7
293.6
353.0
201.2
1,158.7
79.1
302.6
388.0
201.5
1,208.9
_
-
969.5
66.6
258.8
331.1
161.6
1,011.5
71.4
268.6
347.9
165.7
920.2
59.7
243.7
313.1
158.6
973.1
63.6
251.5
347.8
159.6
_
_
-
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735
1,033.9
533.8
312.7
73.8
426.3
196.1
88.5
1,064.1
543.3
316.5
74.2
446.6
204.6
96.4
1.059.2
546.7
323.8
69.8
442.7
201.4
83.3
1,086.1
554.9
326.8
70.6
460.6
210.7
89.6
1,113.9
-
849.0
434.5
60.0
354.5
165.7
71.9
879.7
443.6
60.7
375.4
173.7
80.7
870.9
446.5
—
56.5
367.9
167.5
69.2
897.7
453.9
57.5
386.3
177.1
75.0
_
_
_
_
-
Eating and drinking places
58
7,458.0
7,500.1
7,609.8
7,584.2
7,631.8
6,714.9
6,750.7
6,847.0
6,817.9
-
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
2,869.2
591
616.7
592
114.6
593
108.7
594
1,057.5
5941
201.4
5942
128.2
5943
86.6
146.7
5944
5947
229.4
5949
54.6
596
368.8
5961
245.8
5962
67.9
598
102.2
500.7
599
5992.3,4
148.3
5995
68.7
283.7
5999
2,974.8
626.9
116.3
109.7
1,134.7
208.3
136.3
87.9
157.4
240.0
54.6
372.4
248.9
67.9
104.2
510.6
156.7
69.0
284.9
2,890.9
632.1
113.7
117.7
1,036.8
203.8
129.4
90.1
146.8
220.8
53.2
369.9
246.7
66.2
101.2
519.5
153.0
73.6
292.9
3,010.5
639.8
114.8
118.7
1,124.5
216.1
134.7
91.3
154.2
231.3
54.9
388.9
265.2
66.4
102.4
521.4
154.9
73.6
292.9
3,117.3
-
2,402.1
509.4
90.4
895.4
_
_
_
314.6
_
_
84.9
413.5
57.0
229.7
2,505.7
518.6
_
91.5
971.6
_
_
_
2,418.0
526.3
_
98.4
872.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
314.6
_
_
83.8
429.9
2,534.2
534.2
_
98.9
959.3
—
—
6.930
6,942
7,098
7,108
7,136
5,048
5,058
3.330
3,342
3.432
3,449
3.471
2.026.5
1.471.6
589.1
882.5
256.7
145.2
111.5
166.0
2,030.3
1.475.8
591.6
884.2
255.5
144.0
111.5
166.5
2,046.3
1.490.6
607.7
882.9
249.1
141.3
107.8
172.5
2,054.2
1,496.7
609.9
886.8
249.6
141.5
108.1
172.9
2,065.3
1,504.8
250.6
_
529.3
163.8
107.5
237.0
532.9
164.2
108.2
239.0
554.3
167.6
116.0
249.2
555.3
167.2
116.5
249.8
560.7
_
—
250.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
614
615
616
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services
Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices
62
621
622.3
628
67
671
563.0
425.0
24.5
113.5
210.9
106.6
566.8
427.4
24.5
114.9
212.2
107.7
See footnotes at end of table.
74
604.6
456.8
25.7
122.1
227.1
111.8
608.9
459.6
25.9
123.4
230.3
112.3
_
_
_
_
-
-
612.8
-
232.2
-
61.5
238.4
_
331.4
_
_
85.2
431.5
61.0
238.5
5,182
5,192
-
-
-
-
1,458.2
1,044.5
421.4
623.1
_
_
131.9
1,462.1
1,047.9
423.6
624.3
_
_
132.5
1,467.9
1,055.3
433.8
621.5
_
_
_
136.7
1,475.2
1,061.0
436.1
624.9
_
_
137.2
378.0
115.1
-
380.3
115.2
-
387.2
110.4
_
-
388.6
109.0
_
-
_
_
—
-
_
—
_
5,204
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
74.5
75.2
81.0
82.0
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
318.1
_
_
86.9
423.8
57.5
230.7
_
_
_
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
63,64
2,216
2,218
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
636
1,503.6
511.1
326.7
265.8
530.4
69.0
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
711.9
65
651
653
655
1,384
579.2
659.7
112.6
1,382
581.7
659.7
107.7
1,427
581.1
692.6
118.7
34,801
34,726
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
Services
Production workers'
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
_
_
_
__
__
1,076.8
340.3
267.7
220.6
360.3
-
1,078.1
339.5
268.6
221.1
361.1
-
1,112.1
331.5
271.7
226.2
395.1
-
1,120.1
332.2
272.4
226.8
400.6
-
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
2,239
2,244
2,256
1,504.4
509.9
328.1
266.9
530.2
69.3
1,516.6
507.1
334.2
273.7
533.7
71.7
1,520.1
508.0
336.2
275.4
533.0
72.4
1,528.6
713.6
722.4
724.2
727.0
-
-
-
-
-
1,415
577.5
687.9
114.9
1,409
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
36,200
36,119
36,125
30,437
30,347
31,628
31,540
31,508
-
-
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
07
074
078
636.8
176.1
412.1
587.3
176.3
362.4
712.2
183.1
478.8
684.4
184.5
449.3
627.8
-
537.8
147.7
350.1
489.4
148.1
301.3
604.8
154.1
408.9
577.7
155.6
380.2
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
1,664.3
1.616.5
1,663.5
1,618.0
1,762.0
1,712.7
1,692.6
1,647.8
1,680.4
-
_
1,417.2
_
1,417.7
_
1,508.0
_
1,446.8
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services
72
721
722
723
726
729
1,166.9
436.5
85.5
405.2
94.3
128.3
1,176.6
435.2
82.9
407.9
95.9
137.5
1,160.2
438.7
88.3
403.5
97.5
116.2
1,160.9
440.1
89.0
404.9
97.5
113.2
1,171.4
_
_
_
-
_
383.5
361.2
106.7
382.6
364.7
114.3
_
386.1
_
359.3
96.0
_
387.9
360.7
93.8
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories
73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384
7,497.9
246.4
164.7
127.5
307.5
76.0
895.7
84.8
810.9
240.6
39.7
44.3
156.6
2,789.1
322.0
2.467.1
1,247.2
281.5
205.8
147.1
237.7
70.6
52.7
1,643.9
552.2
54.3
77.0
7,488.1
247.6
165.9
127.3
309.0
75.9
891.2
83.1
808.1
238.9
39.6
43.9
155.4
2,762.7
322.3
2,440.4
1,258.9
284.4
207.3
148.4
240.6
71.2
52.9
1,652.5
550.4
54.4
76.6
7,930.6
253.7
170.3
131.5
322.5
79.5
905.6
88.5
817.1
252.6
41.0
44.6
167.0
2,921.6
345.3
2,576.3
1,386.4
319.5
231.6
163.5
256.7
77.1
54.9
1,756.7
579.9
58.7
82.2
7,962.3
254.9
170.6
131.7
324.2
79.7
903.9
86.8
817.1
250.6
41.6
44.4
164.6
2,926.5
348.6
2,577.9
1,403.0
322.9
233.4
164.7
261.1
78.1
55.7
1,767.5
586.2
60.0
83.5
7,976.0
—
-
6,668.5
179.7
-
6,655.5
180.3
64.0
801.6
67.5
734.1
193.9
31.3
37.7
124.9
—
_
2,398.9
994.5
235.9
_
104.3
_
51.7
38.2
1,433.7
512.1
46.0
-
64.0
797.2
66.2
731.0
191.6
31.3
37.1
123.2
_
2,371.3
1,004.7
239.3
_
104.9
7,064.3
185.1
—
_
67.5
805.4
69.2
736.2
200.0
31.3
37.7
131.0
52.0
38.5
1,441.8
509.5
46.1
-
7,036.3
183.6
_
_
67.3
806.2
71.0
735.2
201.4
30.7
37.8
132.9
_
_
2,507.2
1,104.4
272.8
_
115.2
_
55.0
37.8
1,529.9
536.0
50.0
-
_
2,510.6
1,115.8
275.1
_
115.9
_
55.6
38.2
1,538.6
541.3
51.2
-
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
1,103.7
198.8
129.7
68.1
614.1
213.2
258.9
1,106.7
197.7
128.8
70.0
615.8
214.2
259.9
1,150 1
211.2
141.4
70.3
628.7
219.9
264.5
1.149.8
209.6
140.0
70.3
631.5
221.0
265.3
1,148.9
908.5
163.9
108.9
59.9
494.7
175.6
208.2
911.6
163.0
108.1
61.7
496.3
176.5
209.2
942.6
173.7
117.4
61.3
502.1
179.8
209.4
941.4
172.2
116.2
61.4
504.5
180.6
210.4
See footnotes at end of table.
75
904.3
_
_
_
2,911.9
_
2,556.3
1,420.8
_
_
_
—
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
—
_
—
—
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
—
-
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
All employees
1987
Industry
SIC
Production workers'
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
754
7542
222.7
120.4
223.2
121.0
239.9
128.0
238.4
124.7
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
378.5
114.8
379.1
115.5
390.6
119.2
389.5
118.7
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
523.8
229.3
113.9
155.0
530.6
226.6
118.6
159.5
541.3
244.6
111.9
162.4
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
1,326.0
83.8
959.9
158.2
297.1
1,323.7
84.0
963.2
159.2
293.3
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services
80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
9,561.5
1.700.0
616.5
422.0
164.6
1.749.7
1,302.7
213.1
233.9
3.833.7
3,537.0
86.9
209.8
199.6
677.9
Legal services
81
937.5
Lode
Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
190.0
105.8
190.6
106.4
205.5
113.4
203.3
110.2
389.1
-
309.3
-
310.2
-
319.4
-
318.5
-
547.5
245.1
113.5
166.4
562.7
_
-
439.9
194.6
126.3
445.5
189.4
130.2
451.4
205.1
131.1
456.5
205.6
133.9
—
-
1,518.7
79.5
1,124.1
170.4
351.4
1,419.1
80.0
1,032.1
172.8
323.1
1,426.9
1,143.4
75.5
826.0
140.8
257.2
1,142.4
75.6
830.1
141.5
253.2
1,323.4
70.9
979.5
151.6
307.6
1,225.9
71.4
889.9
154.0
280.3
—
-
9,577.3
1,707.9
618.0
422.8
163.6
1.750.8
1,304.2
213.2
233.4
3,839.5
3,543.5
86.1
209.9
199.9
674.8
9,754.2
1,763.5
623.6
437.4
168.9
1,766.3
1,316.6
212.9
236.8
3.898.2
3,596.7
85.1
216.4
205.8
688.7
9,778.1
1,769.3
623.9
438.0
168.5
1.770.2
1,319.3
213.8
237.1
3.910.3
3,606.8
86.1
217.4
207.4
687.0
9,809.1
1,779.5
_
1,772.6
3,922 9
8.477.8
1,395.2
540.4
350.9
_
1,574.7
192.1
3.510.2
8,489.5
1,402.0
541.9
351.1
—
1,576.1
192.2
3.515.3
8,640.9
1,446.1
545.3
363.6
_
1,586.6
190.3
3.573.6
8,665.6
1,452.9
545.0
364.2
_
1,591.2
191.5
3,585.6
_
683.9
_
627.2
—
623.1
_
634.7
_
633.1
—
—
_
_
—
_
-
938.7
959.8
966.8
971.6
745.7
747.5
764.3
770.7
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
—
-
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
82
821
822
824
2,202.6
612.1
1.339.7
84.0
2,149.6 2,250.4
610.6
619.1
1.291.5' 1,361.7
83.0
87.2
2,289.5
622.7
1,393.0
90.0
2,240.5
_
-
_
-
Social services
83
832
833
835
836
839
2,438.1
655.0
311.4
593.1
679.9
198.7
2,433.5
655.8
310.5
587.6
681.8
197.8
2.515.7
672.7
322.3
611.2
706.4
203.1
2,524.9
677.8
321.1
613.3
708.4
204.3
2,534.4
2,118.7
569.5
266.9
526.3
588.0
168.0
2,113.7
570.2
265.7
520.7
590.5
166.6
2,182.4
583.2
276.7
542.3
613.1
167.1
2,190.7
587.4
275.9
544.8
614.3
168.3
83.8
84.3
90.0
86.3
87.0
-
-
-
-
-
_
—
-
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
611.5
715.7
-
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
862
863
864
2,178.8
106.8
59.1
144.1
428.8
2,180.1
106.9
59.4
146.7
430.2
2,192.7
109.2
59.4
143.9
446.5
2.188.0
107.8
59.8
141.9
445.5
2,198.4
_
_
-
_
42.4
-
—
42.6
_
-
—
42.7
_
-
_
_
43.1
_
-
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
2,886.8
853.6
656.6
140.8
56.2
563.5
2,892.8
850.7
653.5
141.3
55.9
569.7
3,054.4
893.4
684.5
150.3
58.6
604.5
3,062.6
894.7
685.8
150.2
58.7
608.6
3,083.6
898.6
2,210.1
701.1
544.7
110.1
46.3
399.2
2,210.0
697.5
541.1
110.6
45.8
404.3
2,334.4
733.5
568.5
117.4
47.6
425.0
2,333.4
734.4
569.3
117.4
47.7
425.7
872
See footnotes at end of table.
76
_
_
-
__
_
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
565.7
209.6
127.1
140.0
904.0
314.2
315.6
36.6
564.2
209.9
125.3
140.4
908.2
315.9
317.5
36.8
577.6
212.6
133.0
142.4
978.9
337.1
350.0
41.9
581.0
213.1
134.7
144.0
978.3
337.3
351.4
42.2
46.8
46.9
49.1
49.4
49.6
19,968
19,871
20,030
20,185
20,149
2,719
2,757
2,667
2,681
2,720
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2,659.1
2,697.0
2,605.9
683.7
848.9
1,073.3
28.9
29.0
31.2
30.0
Federal Government, except Postal Service
1,858.8
1.854.5
1,818.2
1,813.2
1,809.1
3731
51.0
22.5
50.7
22.3
47.0
21.7
46.9
21.7
806
22.2
363.2
227.3
22.1
360.9
226.4
19.5
355.1
219.3
19.5
354.2
219.3
806
82
4,760
372.5
2,086.3
4,703
371.1
2,036.3
4.779
370.6
2,089.7
4,805
372.2
2,124.3
2,085.3
1,811.1
2.673.7
1.807.3
2,666.9
1,827.7
2,689.6
1,818.9
2,680.2
2,676.0
12,489
450.7
665.6
7,165.8
12,411
451.5
3,737.0
5,323.5
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89
Government
Federal Government
4
4
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education
716.2
717.0
902.8
860.5
1,081.6 1,078.0
31.3
31.3
806
82
Dec.
1997P
984.3
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
431.3
145.0
105.1
108.7
678.5
231.3
237.9
23.6
429.2
145.1
103.1
109.0
679.0
231.3
238.2
23.8
442.3
147.2
110.6
111.4
733.6
248.3
264.6
28.4
443.7
147.3
111.2
112.6
729.6
247.1
264.3
28.6
37.2
37.2
38.8
39.1
Dec.
1997P
4,761
667.1
7,152.4
12,584 12,699
451.3
451.2
682.8
680.6
7,220.3 7,329.1
7,310.4
3,674.1
5,258.8
3,728.2
5,363.3
3,738.7
5.370.1
5,357.3
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian
Nov.
1997P
12,668
employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Sept.
1996
Oct.
1996
Aug.
1997
Sept.
1997
Oct.
1997
58,078
58,700
58,506
59,421
60,119
47,468
47,717
48,497
48,609
48,897
6,664
6,660
6,712
6,713
6,720
78
78
80
79
80
617
619
646
646
647
5,969
5,963
5,986
5,988
5,993
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
2,843
136
158
102
102
320
453
683
366
349
174
2,848
137
158
103
101
322
456
681
366
349
175
2,900
141
159
102
104
327
475
681
391
348
172
2,906
140
159
103
103
328
475
688
391
348
172
2,922
141
161
103
103
329
478
692
394
350
173
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,126
589
14
288
640
165
690
327
25
336
52
3,115
575
15
289
638
165
693
327
25
336
52
3,086
590
13
284
600
166
696
327
25
337
48
3,082
588
14
284
598
166
695
327
25
339
48
3,071
576
14
282
597
165
698
327
24
341
48
51,414
52,040
51,794
52,708
53,399
Transportation and public utilities
1,930
1,928
1,868
1,952
1,958
Wholesale trade
2,019
2,033
2,055
2,059
2,077
11,471
11,534
11,755
11,733
11,800
4,366
4,363
4,492
4,457
4,468
Services
21,018
21,199
21,615
21,695
21,874
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,610
1,157
2,309
7,144
10,983
1,148
2,395
7,440
10,009
1,149
2,248
6,612
10,812
1,136
2,354
7,322
11,222
1,132
2,452
7,638
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
78
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Nov.
1996
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
1,870.5
463.3
173.6
224.2
158.7
78.2
10.6
3.3
( )
(1)
(1)
2.8
10.0
3.3
( )
(1)
(1)
2.6
10.0
3.3
( )
(1)
(1)
2.6
97.9
26.4
6.0
16.5
9.2
5.4
100.1
28.3
5.9
16.8
9.1
6.0
99.6
28.5
6.0
17.0
8.9
5.8
266.7
125.0
259.4
123.6
9.7
2.5
10.3
2.5
9.8
2.5
12.3
6.0
14.1
7.5
12.2
6.4
1,961.4
1,360.5
314.7
2,020.5
1,421.5
320.5
2,046.6
1,441.9
324.7
14.6
6.8
2.3
15.1
8.2
2.4
15.2
8.3
2.4
130.4
93.9
19.2
136.0
98.6
19.5
135.0
98.0
19.5
1,098.1
138.8
95.1
301.6
36.2
1,109.8
140.6
93.9
300.9
36.1
1,110.2
141.5
94.4
301.9
36.0
3.5
51.3
6.1
3.8
14.5
1.0
49.9
6.1
3.7
14.1
.9
13,031.8
179.2
272.7
3,872.7
129.9
932.0
1,204.7
826.5
617.9
115.5
1,012.9
973.7
894.9
149.7
162.0
165.4
147.2
244.8
13,288.4
182.4
276.8
3,909.8
132.4
945.6
1,230.8
845.7
623.2
118.4
1,032.4
981.8
925.6
152.1
166.7
170.9
150.1
248.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
1,931.1
155.6
211.5
1,022.1
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
1,851.1
455.1
169.7
217.7
156.5
76.6
1,861.7
460.5
172.8
222.7
157.8
77.4
256.0
120.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Nov.
1997P
1
1
1
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
48.4
6.2
3.7
14.8
1.2
13,370.0
183.6
274.8
3,935.5
132.9
949.0
1,235.8
853.3
629.0
118.7
1,039.3
989.5
931.0
152.9
166.6
170.9
149.4
248.3
29.3
10.7
.5
5.9
2
( )
2.1
.8
1.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.2
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.7
29.6
11.2
.5
5.8
2
( )
2.2
.9
1.3
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.4
29.5
11.2
.5
5.8
2
( )
2.2
.9
1.3
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.4
539.1
8.7
13.4
111.1
6.3
49.0
54.6
48.3
31.5
4.3
46.3
33.1
35.1
6.3
9.0
7.6
9.2
11.2
589.5
9.5
13.4
110.6
6.6
52.4
57.2
52.3
33.9
4.8
51.2
36.6
38.5
6.4
9.3
8.2
9.3
11.9
582.5
9.5
13.3
110.8
6.5
49.9
56.4
51.7
33.8
4.8
51.0
36.0
38.6
6.3
9.1
7.8
9.1
11.5
1,955.9
159.0
217.9
1,038.8
1,969.9
160.1
218.6
1,041.3
13.3
(1)
1
( )
6.5
13.5
(1)
1
( )
6.1
13.4
(1)
1
( )
6.0
116.2
6.6
12.3
59.9
120.9
6.0
13.1
62.3
115.9
5.5
12.3
59.8
1,615.4
182.3
85.0
597.0
250.0
135.9
200.6
85.0
1,636.8
183.7
84.3
606.0
252.0
138.1
201.2
87.7
1,649.5
184.9
85.2
608.4
252.5
138.4
203.6
88.7
.8
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
53.6
5.6
3.1
20.0
9.4
4.0
5.8
3.3
59.4
5.7
3.2
19.8
9.9
4.5
6.3
3.6
58.9
5.6
3.2
19.7
9.8
4.5
6.1
3.7
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
382.8
52.8
296.5
395.6
54.5
302.5
397.2
55.1
304.3
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
22.1
2.5
17.0
24.1
2.4
17.9
23.6
2.4
17.4
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
621.7
2,455.7
613.4
2,491.9
611.9
2,502.8
.1
.9
.1
.9
.1
.9
8.6
120.7
8.4
127.9
8.4
127.0
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,299.7
150.2
617.6
151.0
112.2
507.1
170.0
171.1
960.7
767.8
148.6
231.6
148.8
1,040.0
427.4
6,444.5
153.0
634.8
150.6
114.6
523.7
171.9
174.8
966.5
802.9
152.8
243.4
151.6
1,067.8
436.2
6,517.8
153.8
642.1
153.5
115.8
524.9
174.8
176.4
977.2
811.1
154.0
246.6
152.6
1,082.0
445.2
7.1
327.2
7.4
33.9
12.2
4.3
27.1
8.9
8.9
33.6
40.6
10.6
12.7
6.2
49.9
24.8
340.0
7.4
36.8
12.7
3.8
27.8
8.9
8.9
33.5
43.0
10.9
14.6
6.3
51.8
25.9
341.3
7.5
37.0
12.8
3.9
27.7
8.9
8.8
33.6
43.2
10.8
14.5
6.4
52.9
25.9
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
See footnotes at end of table.
79
3.5
(1)
3.5
.8
.8
.8
.8
(2)
( )
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
7.1
(2)
.1
3.2
.4
(2)
.4
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4
(2)
.1
3.0
3.0
(2)
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
C11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2 )
6.9
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
383.7
51.5
38.8
27.5
17.6
10.7
378.0
51.0
40.2
27.8
17.4
10.8
378.4
51.0
40.3
27.7
17.6
11.0
90.5
30.3
3.4
13.1
6.3
2.5
91.0
30.1
3.4
13.4
6.4
2.6
90.7
30.1
3.4
13.3
6.4
2.6
427.1
111.8
34.1
58.3
37.7
17.8
425.8
111.2
33.8
59.4
37.6
17.4
432.8
112.6
34.6
60.4
38.4
17.9
11.6
1.9
13.7
2.0
11.0
1.9
21.7
11.4
23.6
12.1
22.9
11.8
54.2
30.2
55.1
30.7
55.0
30.7
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
201.0
154.1
29.3
209.8
162.9
29.9
211.2
164.4
30.0
94.4
67.9
13.3
98.0
72.1
13.3
99.2
73.0
13.5
482.7
332.6
68.4
490.7
349.8
69.4
503.1
359.5
71.0
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
252.5
34.2
27.5
33.5
8.2
251.5
33.7
26.7
32.7
8.0
251.4
34.0
26.9
32.8
8.1
65.4
9.4
6.4
20.7
1.8
66.2
9.5
6.6
20.6
1.9
66.2
9.5
6.6
20.5
1.9
251.5
38.1
19.7
71.0
7.5
251.8
39.6
19.7
69.9
7.1
254.6
40.1
19.8
70.8
7.2
1,868.6
9.9
30.2
652.8
26.0
115.5
214.4
100.3
43.6
9.4
116.1
77.7
248.2
16.1
24.0
21.9
17.4
30.4
1,908.6
9.9
31.0
662.9
27.2
116.9
220.5
104.3
45.7
8.7
119.6
76.7
257.9
17.0
25.5
23.2
18.3
31.4
1,906.5
9.8
29.9
663.9
26.5
117.0
221.2
104.1
45.6
8.6
119.9
77.6
258.1
17.0
25.2
22.2
18.1
31.8
650.7
9.3
14.3
207.3
5.9
60.2
42.6
43.2
25.5
5.5
38.3
76.8
25.5
5.5
6.1
11.6
5.8
9.6
669.2
9.3
15.0
211.0
6.1
61.9
44.8
44.3
26.0
5.6
38.5
77.7
26.5
5.6
6.2
12.1
6.3
9.8
669.4
9.3
14.9
211.0
6.0
62.2
44.9
44.6
26.1
5.5
38.2
78.0
26.4
5.6
6.2
11.7
6.1
9.9
3,044.0
43.9
66.9
858.3
33.0
211.4
303.0
215.4
136.6
30.8
239.7
204.0
178.0
35.7
41.4
40.8
39.3
60.4
3,032.5
43.6
66.2
852.2
33.1
212.1
304.4
217.4
135.8
31.7
238.5
201.2
181.8
36.0
42.0
40.4
38.6
59.8
3,087.8
44.3
67.0
864.7
33.8
216.1
309.6
222.6
139.2
32.3
242.3
205.4
185.8
36.4
42.4
41.1
39.0
60.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
197.5
29.8
25.4
89.8
201.6
30.9
26.8
91.5
202.3
31.2
27.3
91.5
119.6
3.6
11.6
83.6
116.3
3.4
11.7
81.2
116.1
3.4
11.6
81.3
475.7
35.3
48.4
251.3
476.5
35.5
48.4
252.8
486.2
36.2
49.0
257.5
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
276.7
40.1
19.1
92.6
39.3
24.9
28.5
18.4
275.6
40.1
18.7
92.9
37.6
23.7
28.4
18.8
276.8
40.4
18.7
93.4
37.5
23.7
28.3
18.8
74.3
7.4
2.8
26.4
16.0
6.2
10.2
3.5
76.0
7.3
2.7
28.5
16.3
6.6
9.4
3.5
75.9
7.3
2.8
28.4
16.1
6.4
9.5
3.6
355.3
41.2
22.8
125.3
51.9
28.5
45.5
17.5
358.0
41.1
21.9
124.8
53.8
29.2
44.9
18.7
364.2
41.6
22.6
126.6
54.5
29.5
46.1
19.3
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
56.6
6.2
41.0
60.3
6.6
44.2
59.9
6.6
43.8
15.8
1.7
14.0
16.4
1.7
14.2
16.3
1.7
14.1
86.1
13.8
62.3
86.3
13.1
61.3
87.0
13.4
62.5
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
13.2
97.2
13.8
99.7
13.8
99.9
18.9
112.6
18.3
112.8
18.1
112.8
50.8
480.3
49.8
477.6
49.9
484.9
494.0
14.1
43.7
6.9
5.5
37.0
21.9
26.0
77.4
52.1
11.5
20.1
5.2
87.7
30.6
493.8
14.4
43.9
7.0
5.5
37.9
21.4
26.6
76.5
53.1
11.6
20.7
5.3
88.0
29.9
495.4
14.4
44.0
7.0
5.4
38.2
21.8
26.6
76.0
53.3
11.6
20.7
5.4
88.0
30.8
319.3
3.5
31.4
6.5
2.4
35.6
8.9
4.7
80.8
40.0
6.6
5.2
3.9
45.5
15.8
324.8
3.2
32.2
6.3
2.4
36.7
8.5
4.8
83.7
40.6
6.6
5.0
4.0
46.0
16.2
326.5
3.2
32.4
6.3
2.4
36.6
8.8
4.9
83.9
40.6
6.7
5.0
3.9
45.9
16.3
1,646.5
43.0
175.4
43.8
25.2
127.0
48.1
41.4
251.8
192.2
38.0
60.0
31.3
264.0
111.4
1,658.3
43.9
175.6
43.1
26.0
129.7
47.9
42.7
250.0
197.0
39.8
60.3
31.2
266.7
111.5
1,700.0
44.7
180.4
44.8
26.8
131.0
49.5
43.7
255.8
201.8
40.7
62.9
31.9
273.3
116.0
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
See footnotes at end of table.
80
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Services
Finance, insurance,
cind real estate
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
82.4
33.4
4.6
9.7
9.1
2.4
84.4
34.5
4.7
9.7
9.3
2.5
84.6
34.7
4.7
9.7
9.4
2.5
412.5
129.4
44.0
58.0
40.2
13.5
423.0
132.6
46.6
59.9
41.3
13.7
422.3
132.6
46.2
60.2
41.2
13.8
346.4
69.0
38.8
34.6
36.4
21.5
349.4
69.5
38.2
35.7
36.7
21.8
352.1
70.5
38.4
35.9
36.8
22.0
Alaska
Anchorage
11.6
7.1
11.8
7.1
11.7
7.1
60.8
33.3
63.8
34.5
62.7
34.6
74.1
28.2
74.3
28.6
74.1
28.6
117.4
97.9
12.2
126.1
105.4
12.8
126.6
106.0
12.7
579.5
418.1
100.6
603.7
436.0
100.0
611.1
442.0
101.4
341.4
189.2
69.4
341.1
188.5
73.2
345.2
190.7
74.2
43.5
4.7
3.1
17.2
1.4
44.0
4.7
3.1
17.4
1.3
44.1
4.8
3.1
17.3
1.3
249.3
27.0
23.8
86.2
8.3
255.3
27.5
23.3
86.9
8.6
253.7
27.4
23.5
87.0
8.5
184.0
19.2
10.1
58.2
7.8
186.2
19.5
9.9
58.9
8.2
186.8
19.6
9.9
59.4
8.1
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
733.0
6.0
14.1
215.6
4.2
51.9
85.7
29.8
39.0
6.2
56.6
98.0
30.1
7.3
9.3
8.5
5.7
11.7
736.0
6.6
13.6
216.3
4.4
51.5
86.0
30.0
39.8
5.8
57.0
99.5
30.4
7.1
9.4
8.3
5.7
12.3
740.1
6.6
13.7
216.7
4.4
51.9
86.1
30.1
40.0
5.8
57.2
99.8
30.3
7.1
9.4
8.5
5.7
12.5
4,005.8
41.8
68.5
1,280.2
30.4
270.7
369.6
216.1
172.1
31.5
321.3
356.8
288.9
47.2
45.3
41.0
38.4
75.3
4,144.4
42.4
70.4
1,307.0
31.0
277.7
380.8
221.5
174.8
33.2
332.9
364.1
300.7
47.7
46.5
43.2
40.2
77.6
4,159.2
42.4
69.4
1,316.4
31.1
279.0
380.3
224.0
176.4
33.0
333.4
365.0
300.9
47.8
46.4
42.8
39.6
77.6
2,161.3
48.9
64.8
541.5
24.1
171.2
134.0
172.2
169.4
27.7
194.3
126.7
88.9
30.5
26.4
33.9
30.9
44.5
2,178.6
49.9
66.7
544.0
24.0
170.9
136.2
174.6
167.0
28.5
194.4
125.4
89.7
31.2
27.3
35.4
31.2
44.1
2,195.0
50.5
66.1
546.2
24.6
170.7
136.4
174.9
167.7
28.6
197.0
127.1
90.8
31.6
27.4
36.7
31.3
43.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
117.9
5.5
10.6
77.8
121.3
5.5
10.4
82.4
121.5
5.5
10.5
82.4
572.5
48.3
68.6
307.9
584.8
50.4
72.7
316.5
592.4
50.8
72.9
315.7
318.4
26.5
34.6
145.3
321.0
27.3
34.8
146.0
322.1
.27.5
35.0
147.1
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
130.4
10.4
4.1
68.2
13.7
3.6
23.1
4.5
130.4
10.4
4.4
67.0
13.6
3.6
24.4
4.6
131.2
10.4
4.4
67.0
13.4
3.6
24.9
4.6
490.6
57.3
23.7
168.1
87.7
33.4
69.7
25.1
506.8
58.4
24.1
172.1
89.2
34.5
70.3
25.9
508.6
58.8
24.0
171.3
89.0
34.3
70.9
26.0
233.7
20.3
9.4
96.4
32.0
35.3
17.8
12.7
229.8
20.7
9.3
100.9
31.6
36.0
17.5
12.6
233.1
20.8
9.5
102.0
32.2
36.4
17.8
12.7
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
44.2
2.4
38.5
47.8
3.0
41.1
47.7
3.1
41.0
104.1
11.2
85.4
107.1
13.0
86.0
108.0
12.9
87.0
53.8
14.9
38.1
53.5
14.7
37.6
54.6
15.0
38.3
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
28.0
129.8
27.6
128.4
27.6
128.4
265.5
915.6
269.2
953.3
268.3
955.5
236.6
598.6
226.2
591.3
225.7
593.4
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
" Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
399.3
6.7
43.6
8.5
5.0
51.6
7.6
5.7
67.7
45.4
5.9
11.7
5.6
72.7
29.4
411.8
6.7
44.6
8.3
5.2
52.4
7.8
5.8
69.1
47.0
6.0
11.9
5.7
76.7
30.0
413.5
6.7
44.7
8.6
5.2
52.9
7.9
5.8
69.4
47.2
5.9
11.9
5.8
77.4
30.2
2,150.2
51.7
206.1
49.0
30.8
158.8
46.0
59.5
308.7
312.4
47.6
98.4
37.8
386.9
161.5
2,247.0
52.8
217.3
48.9
32.1
166.2
48.4
61.2
315.4
335.1
49.8
106.6
39.9
404.1
168.5
2,265.6
52.6
218.9
49.4
32.4
165.4
48.7
61.5
318.3
338.0
50.1
106.9
39.8
408.6
171.2
956.3
23.8
83.4
24.0
39.0
69.6
25.4
24.9
140.3
84.7
28.1
23.4
58.6
132.9
53.9
961.7
24.6
84.3
24.2
39.6
72.5
26.0
24.8
137.9
86.6
27.8
24.2
59.0
134.1
54.2
968.4
24.7
84.6
24.5
39.7
72.6
26.2
25.1
139.8
86.5
27.9
24.6
59.2
135.5
54.8
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
See footnotes at end of table.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
3,587.4
60.1
74.2
1,940.3
195.9
112.5
148.3
133.5
3,678.7
61.8
73.3
2,000.0
195.9
114.4
150.4
134.3
3,708.7
62.0
74.2
2,017.2
196.9
115.3
151.5
134.9
Hawaii
Honolulu
530.6
404.2
526.1
400.0
Idaho
Boise City
502.9
189.7
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
7.8
Nov.
1996
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
0) 1.1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
167.1
4.1
2.4
94.3
10.7
5.2
6.1
7.8
531.0
403.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
21.0
15.5
21.7
16.4
21.5
16.1
511.7
197.3
510.5
198.0
3.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
31.4
13.4
34.9
14.7
33.7
14.6
5,753.6
78.5
98.9
4,022.5
177.6
57.8
43.6
168.8
177.6
112.8
5,808.9
79.2
99.1
4,073.5
Ml.7
57.7
44.6
170.1
178.1
113.4
5,833.8
79.8
99.5
4,095.2
179.1
58.1
45.0
170.5
177.9
113.7
12.5
(1)
1
( )
1.7
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
12.0
(1)
1
( )
1.7
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
12.0
(1)
1
( )
1.7
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
231.0
2.5
3.3
161.8
9.2
3.7
2.4
8.1
7.1
4.8
240.5
2.7
3.5
165.3
9.5
3.7
2.5
8.4
7.4
5.4
235.5
2.7
3.4
163.6
9.4
3.7
2.5
8.3
7.1
5.2
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,864.5
66.8
116.5
153.0
268.5
264.7
828.4
53.4
92.5
60.6
134.1
71.7
2,887.8
68.0
117.4
153.3
269.5
265.9
830.0
52.8
94.1
61.0
136.8
70.9
2,894.6
68.1
117.5
153.9
268.9
265.4
832.0
54.6
95.1
61.3
137.9
71.4
6.7
134.2
3.5
4.6
9.2
12.9
17.2
44.3
1.7
3.9
2.6
7.0
3.3
140.3
3.4
4.6
9.4
13.6
17.8
46.1
2.0
4.3
2.7
7.5
3.6
136.8
3.4
4.6
9.4
13.6
17.3
46.1
2.0
4.2
2.7
7.6
3.5
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,403.1
111.6
269.9
50.2
66.5
65.2
70.3
1,425.0
112.8
273.8
51.0
65.8
65.1
71.5
1,428.5
114.5
273.8
51.0
66.3
65.3
71.7
61.6
5.8
11.9
2.0
2.3
3.7
2.6
66.9
6.2
12.2
2.1
2.3
3.8
2.9
65.3
6.6
11.8
2.0
2.3
3.7
2.8
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,261.4
46.1
100.8
270.6
1,281.8
45.6
98.8
276.3
1,286.4
46.0
99.7
277.6
63.7
2.1
4.6
14.5
62.7
2.0
4.6
14.4
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,699.6
266.9
544.9
42.7
1,727.6
273.6
552.9
43.8
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,840.6
53.9
285.0
70.7
156.7
84.2
67.5
610.2
170.7
549.0
42.1
141.9
:
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
7.8
(2)
(1)
1.6
.4
1.5
.4
1
( )
1.2
3.3
1.4
(1)
(1)
1.6
(1)
(1)
.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.2
.2
2.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
7.7
1.6
(1)
(1)
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
<1>
1.1
6.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.5
.4
1
3.0
6.6
(1)
(1)
7.8
(2)
(1)
.2
2.2
(1)
(M
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
170.9
4.2
2.5
96.6
10.3
5.2
6.2
7.2
172.0
4.1
2.4
97.5
10.4
5.1
6.3
7.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
58.3
2.0
4.6
14.0
1,736.6
275.1
558.2
44.2
22.9
.2
.6
.3
21.9
.3
.6
.3
22.0
.2
.6
.3
81.1
12.8
27.7
3.2
82.7
13.6
28.1
3.3
81.1
13.5
27.6
3.4
1,858.8
52.8
295.1
74.4
159.4
84.6
68.3
613.1
171.6
1,861.3
53.0
296.5
74.7
160.2
84.4
68.5
615.5
172.3
50.6
.1
.8
6.7
14.0
1.4
.2
14.3
2.5
53.3
.1
1.0
7.7
15.2
1.4
.2
14.7
2.5
53.3
.1
1.0
7.6
15.3
1.4
.2
14.8
2.5
114.6
2.9
32.3
3.1
8.8
9.1
3.4
28.5
9.9
116.2
3.1
33.2
3.6
9.2
8.6
3.6
28.1
10.2
113.5
3.1
33.4
3.6
9.1
8.3
3.5
28.3
10.2
564.5
43.3
141.6
563.5
43.6
142.3
.1
25.2
1.6
6.5
27.0
1.9
6.7
26.2
1.9
6.5
See footnotes at end of table.
(2)
(1)
82
(1)
(1)
7.8
(1)
(1)
.1
(2)
(2)
7.8
(1)
(1)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and
public utilities
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
589.4
8.8
12.0
218.8
41.3
21.2
20.8
17.2
587.8
8.5
11.7
219.6
41.0
20.5
21.3
17.9
589.2
8.5
11.9
220.2
40.7
20.8
21.0
17.8
223.3
2.8
2.0
158.4
6.5
3.6
5.2
9.3
235.2
2.8
2.0
165.9
6.6
3.8
5.3
9.7
236.2
2.8
2.0
166.6
6.6
3.7
5.4
9.8
921.9
14.6
19.5
526.0
44.6
25.8
35.4
35.0
931.5
15.0
19.1
532.6
44.5
26.0
34.4
34.6
949.0
15.2
19.4
542.7
45.5
26.2
35.8
34.8
Hawaii
Honolulu
16.4
12.7
16.0
12.4
16.1
12.4
41.3
33.4
40.8
33.1
40.9
32.9
136.3
102.0
133.7
98.9
134.8
99.7
Idaho
Boise City
73.3
33.7
76.7
35.7
76.8
35.8
23.7
9.2
24.2
9.5
24.6
9.6
128.4
45.9
126.4
47.4
127.0
47.8
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
978.2
8.8
12.0
660.9
29.8
13.9
8.4
31.6
53.4
4.5
979.4
9.0
12.1
661.9
30.1
13.7
8.9
32.0
53.9
4.4
979.9
9.0
12.1
662.2
30.1
13.7
9.0
31.9
54.0
4.5
336.9
2.8
2.5
247.0
9.2
5.0
1.9
9.2
9.3
4.8
344.3
2.8
2.6
254.5
9.1
5.2
1.9
9.3
9.1
4.8
345.3
2.8
2.5
254.9
9.2
5.2
2.0
9.3
9.3
4.9
1,328.1
18.0
22.2
922.2
48.1
12.4
10.6
40.9
37.4
24.7
1,314.3
17.7
22.0
911.8
47.7
12.5
10.8
41.1
37.3
24.4
1,335.6
18.1
22.2
930.7
48.7
12.8
11.0
41.6
37.6
24.9
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
672.4
9.7
58.4
31.6
73.6
51.1
126.4
21.1
22.0
11.0
22.1
11.9
674.0
10.6
58.8
30.7
73.9
50.1
125.9
20.3
22.2
10.5
22.4
11.4
675.4
10.5
58.9
30.7
72.9
49.9
125.7
21.6
22.3
10.5
22.4
11.5
140.0
1.8
3.3
7.3
12.7
15.2
48.8
1.3
2.3
4.1
5.8
3.3
141.8
1.9
3.0
7.3
12.2
15.2
47.1
1.4
2.3
4.2
6.1
3.2
142.0
2.0
3.0
7.2
12.2
15.0
47.1
1.4
2.3
4.2
6.1
3.1
696.7
15.5
22.4
37.2
64.3
64.3
220.4
12.2
19.6
13.5
34.5
21.6
691.4
15.1
22.4
36.4
64.6
63.5
219.7
11.7
19.4
13.5
33.9
20.2
699.9
15.4
22.4
37.4
65.2
64.1
221.9
12.1
19.7
13.6
34.5
20.9
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
248.4
20.7
24.5
11.8
4.8
13.0
14.4
251.3
21.7
25.0
12.0
4.8
13.0
14.8
251.6
21.8
25.1
11.9
4.8
13.1
14.6
64.6
7.9
13.1
2.1
2.1
3.8
2.2
66.8
7.7
14.0
2.0
1.9
3.9
2.1
66.9
7.7
13.9
1.9
1.9
3.8
2.1
344.5
25.3
72.4
12.1
12.8
16.0
16.5
344.2
25.0
71.7
12.0
12.9
15.6
16.4
346.8
25.4
72.3
12.1
13.3
15.8
16.7
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
198.5
5.2
9.6
64.6
206.0
5.3
9.4
70.4
206.9
5.3
9.4
71.2
70.4
1.2
6.5
10.5
73.1
1.1
6.7
10.2
73.1
1.1
6.7
10.3
310.2
12.0
22.1
62.9
313.6
12.1
21.4
63.0
316.1
12.3
22.1
63.1
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
313.3
44.0
88.9
6.9
312.7
45.6
87.8
7.0
314.9
45.7
89.5
7.0
94.6
10.6
39.2
2.1
98.0
10.8
40.2
2.3
97.9
10.8
41.1
2.3
408.9
61.4
135.5
11.0
411.7
61.9
136.9
11.4
419.7
63.5
140.2
11.6
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
190.3
3.5
24.3
6.7
15.7
11.6
8.1
47.9
20.1
190.1
3.4
24.9
7.4
14.9
12.1
7.8
47.9
19.7
190.2
3.4
24.9
7.5
15.1
12.0
7.8
48.1
19.8
109.0
2.8
12.7
7.3
9.4
4.2
3.8
41.9
8.2
111.1
2.6
12.6
7.5
9.6
4.5
3.8
42.0
8.1
111.0
2.6
12.6
7.6
9.6
4.4
3.8
41.8
8.2
432.9
12.2
65.9
16.9
40.9
17.9
16.9
153.3
39.3
437.8
12.2
69.7
17.2
41.4
18.4
17.3
153.3
39.9
443.0
12.4
70.8
17.4
41.9
18.5
17.6
155.1
40.3
89.0
7.8
14.8
88.5
8.0
15.3
89.5
7.8
15.1
22.6
1.9
6.3
22.9
2.0
6.3
22.7
2.0
6.2
137.3
11.2
42.8
143.6
11.3
41.8
143.8
11.5
43.5
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
182.8
2.2
2.1
123.5
6.3
7.4
8.2
4.2
190.6
2.4
2.2
129.4
6.1
8.0
8.4
4.3
191.4
2.4
2.2
129.7
6.1
8.0
8.3
4.3
918.0
15.0
15.3
562.5
45.6
28.5
38.1
38.8
974.4
15.8
15.8
595.3
46.2
29.9
40.1
39.0
979.6
15.9
16.0
598.0
46.1
30.2
40.1
39.3
577.1
12.6
20.9
255.3
40.5
20.8
33.3
21.2
580.5
13.1
20.0
259.0
40.8
21.0
33.6
21.6
583.5
13.1
20.3
261.0
41.1
21.3
33.5
21.7
Hawaii
Honolulu
36.6
29.5
35.4
28.5
35.5
28.5
167.6
121.3
168.2
122.3
169.6
123.2
111.4
89.8
110.3
88.4
112.6
90.5
Idaho
Boise City
25.4
11.6
25.4
11.9
25.6
11.9
115.4
46.4
120.6
48.1
119.4
48.2
102.0
29.5
100.5
30.0
100.4
30.1
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
386.3
13.6
3.4
301.4
8.1
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.5
7.8
392.2
13.9
3.5
306.4
8.3
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.5
7.9
393.8
14.0
3.5
308.2
8.4
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.4
7.9
1,655.7
18.6
20.2
1,235.4
45.9
14.0
11.5
51.8
45.7
32.5
1,707.1
18.7
20.5
1,279.4
46.0
13.8
11.8
52.0
45.3
32.6
1,707.0
18.7
20.4
1,279.5
45.8
13.8
11.8
51.9
45.1
32.4
824.9
14.2
35.3
492.1
27.3
6.9
7.1
19.1
17.2
33.7
819.1
14.4
34.9
492.5
27.0
6.9
7.0
19.2
17.6
33.9
824.7
14.5
35.4
494.4
27.5
7.0
7.0
19.4
17.4
33.9
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
135.9
2.2
2.7
7.4
14.7
9.5
60.4
1.4
3.7
1.7
6.6
2.3
138.0
2.1
2.8
7.4
14.7
9.5
62.1
1.5
3.6
1.7
6.5
2.4
137.6
2.0
2.9
7.5
14.6
9.5
62.1
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.4
664.9
12.2
17.9
43.4
62.1
69.1
214.5
8.4
16.6
15.2
44.3
16.5
689.0
12.7
18.6
44.7
62.7
72.9
216.9
8.3
17.4
15.3
46.2
17.3
690.7
12.5
18.5
44.3
62.6
72.5
217.0
8.5
17.9
15.4
46.6
17.4
413.8
21.9
7.2
15.5
28.2
38.3
112.8
7.3
24.4
12.5
13.8
12.6
406.6
22.2
7.2
15.8
27.8
36.9
111.5
7.6
24.9
13.1
14.2
12.6
405.5
22.3
7.2
15.8
27.8
37.1
111.4
7.5
25.0
13.2
14.2
12.4
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
77.2
5.6
36.4
1.6
1.7
2.6
3.2
79.1
6.0
38.3
1.6
1.9
2.6
3.2
79.4
6.1
38.5
1.6
1.9
2.6
3.3
367.4
35.4
77.3
16.8
14.2
18.6
18.2
379.4
35.1
78.7
17.5
13.6
18.6
18.7
380.3
35.7
78.2
17.7
13.5
18.6
18.8
237.2
10.9
34.3
3.8
28.6
7.5
13.2
235.1
11.1
33.9
3.8
28.4
7.6
13.4
236.0
11.2
34.0
3.8
28.6
7.7
13.4
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
58.8
1.9
6.6
11.2
60.8
1.9
7.0
11.0
60.7
1.9
7.0
11.1
306.0
10.2
27.1
70.6
313.7
10.4
26.6
71.7
313.2
10.3
26.5
71.8
251.5
13.6
24.3
35.4
243.1
12.7
23.1
34.1
245.9
13.1
23.4
34.3
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
68.4
10.1
28.5
1.8
69.6
10.5
29.1
1.9
70.0
10.5
29.1
1.9
414.3
70.8
155.1
10.5
431.3
73.9
160.8
10.7
429.5
73.5
160.4
10.6
296.1
57.0
69.4
6.9
299.7
57.0
69.4
6.9
301.5
57.4
69.7
7.1
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
83.5
2.2
16.8
2.3
5.8
2.7
4.5
31.0
6.7
84.3
2.2
17.6
2.3
5.9
2.6
4.9
31.1
6.4
84.4
2.2
17.6
2.3
5.9
2.7
4.9
31.0
6.4
494.9
16.9
72.8
14.6
38.7
24.0
17.7
190.1
51.5
499.2
16.1
75.0
15.2
39.9
23.3
17.6
189.8
52.0
498.4
16.0
75.0
15.1
39.9
23.4
17.7
190.1
51.9
364.8
13.3
59.4
13.1
23.4
13.3
12.9
103.2
32.5
366.8
13.1
61.1
13.5
23.3
13.7
13.1
106.2
32.8
367.5
13.2
61.2
13.6
23.4
13.7
13.0
106.3
33.0
Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
26.7
2.0
12.4
27.4
2.1
12.5
27.5
2.1
12.6
149.8
12.7
40.3
158.8
13.2
40.7
155.7
13.4
40.1
98.3
4.9
18.8
96.2
4.8
18.3
98.0
4.9
18.3
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
84
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,240.1
1,154.6
406.5
829.2
2,270.2
1,164.1
404.7
835.3
2,279.7
1,174.3
408.7
841.1
(1)
(1)
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,108.0
54.0
1,889.1
93.0
51.2
147.9
111.1
62.9
41.8
249.9
222.5
3,171.1
57.8
1,921.5
92.7
51.6
151.1
113.6
64.0
42.6
250.1
226.4
3,185.4
55.6
1,935.0
93.9
52.0
152.1
114.2
64.3
42.5
251.0
228.1
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,422.1
265.6
72.4
2,088.1
183.9
546.9
61.1
210.0
234.6
178.5
4,475.4
269.8
73.2
2,133.7
184.3
562.2
61.6
212.2
235.7
182.0
4,482.3
271.4
73.4
2,143.3
185.3
563.0
61.8
211.8
236.5
181.7
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,473.4
112.1
1,609.9
70.8
85.7
2,523.1
112.9
1,633.9
73.8
86.6
2,526.1
113.8
1,642.8
73.6
87.1
(
(1
(1)
Mississippi
Jackson
1,103.4
218.5
1,114.1
220.6
1,115.3
220.6
(2)
2,605.1
893.8
1,293.9
159.2
2,637.5
915.3
1,300.1
159.7
2,643.2
917.7
1,304.9
160.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
Montana
365.7
372.6
370.0
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
852.2
147.6
390.2
865.0
146.6
401.2
870.0
147.7
403.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
876.8
617.3
177.0
910.5
644.9
180.5
918.8
652.3
181.3
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
569.9
95.2
88.9
113.8
580.7
95.9
92.8
113.9
577.9
96.4
92.6
113.8
3,698.4
173.4
639.9
468.7
244.7
595.1
355.4
944.2
196.7
57.8
3,750.2
181.9
642.9
477.3
248.6
603.5
360.6
955.6
195.6
59.5
3,765.7
178.0
646.1
482.4
249.3
608.4
360.5
959.2
199.0
59.8
701.5
329.5
51.8
69.9
713.7
336.8
52.3
70.6
714.2
337.5
52.5
70.3
,
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
85
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
1.1
.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.8
8.2
5.0
5.3
92.4
4.4
58.5
2.4
3.9
103.3
4.8
64.3
3.0
4.3
97.2
4.7
61.5
2.8
4.0
4.8
49.1
10.8
51.2
11.3
50.0
11.2
4.8
119.1
45.0
67.0
6.6
124.2
50.2
67.5
6.5
121.6
49.1
65.9
6.5
5.3
19.0
21.0
20.0
1.1
38.0
6.3
18.1
39.8
6.6
19.5
39.1
6.6
19.1
14.9
2.1
.5
81.5
62.8
12.8
86.8
66.3
14.3
87.2
67.0
14.2
.5
22.3
4.3
2.7
3.5
22.5
4.6
2.5
3.4
22.1
4.6
2.5
3.3
2.1
130.1
7.6
21.8
21.5
4.1
19.7
17.4
30.8
4.1
2.0
135.7
8.3
22.2
21.8
4.9
20.3
17.8
31.8
4.3
2.1
134.3
8.3
21.5
21.7
5.1
19.9
17.4
31.1
4.4
2.1
41.9
22.0
3.2
3.4
43.0
22.0
3.2
3.5
42.2
21.8
3.2
3.5
(2)
4.8
5.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
5.5
1.2
1.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
14.9
2.1
.5
15.0
2.1
.6
.6
.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.0
2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.6
(1)
.7
(1
8.0
5.0
.8
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
195.6
10.1
2.6
88.2
7.5
24.8
2.3
8.2
8.8
10.1
7.2
4.8
4.8
.5
202.0
10.6
2.7
89.4
7.6
26.1
2.4
8.5
9.2
10.4
.1
.1
.2
2
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
176.7
9.9
2.3
78.5
7.1
24.2
2.2
7.9
8.3
9.1
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
8.2
5.0
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
105.3
2.5
57.6
3.3
1.7
6.2
5.0
2.1
1.8
8.2
8.0
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1)
2
(1)
(1)
106.1
2.5
57.9
3.3
1.7
6.1
5.1
2.2
1.9
8.4
8.0
.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2
100.4
2.4
55.5
3.3
1.6
5.9
5.0
2.1
1.7
7.8
7.6
(1
(1
(1)
(1)
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
1.3
7.2
7.8
(1
(1
142.6
66.6
13.5
61.1
.4
.4
(2)
(2)
(2
(1
(2)
143.2
66.7
13.3
61.7
(1)
(1)
t1)
.5
(1)
.7
(1)
Nov.
1997P
136.3
64.4
12.7
59.1
(1)
(1)
1.3
1.3
Oct.
1997
1.2
.2
1.2
.2
(1)
(1)
(1
Nov.
1996
.7
(1)
.3
.3
.3
15.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)
15.6
(1)
1
( )
(1)
15.7
(1)
(M
(1)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
173.9
100.7
32.5
36.7
171.9
98.7
30.1
37.3
174.4
101.0
32.4
37.4
107.3
57.3
19.6
34.8
107.2
57.7
19.5
33.3
107.2
57.7
19.3
33.7
539.8
271.0
65.8
202.9
541.0
269.5
64.7
201.0
547.6
275.2
65.1
204.6
Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
444.8
450.3
452.0
133.4
1.8
1.8
3.0
219.7
11.0
13.5
36.6
28.1
14.0
221.2
10.6
13.4
38.5
29.1
14.4
222.0
10.5
13.6
38.4
29.4
14.5
83.8
134.4
3.0
83.3
133.8
1.9
7.4
7.3
7.3
1.2
39.0
42.0
39.4
43.1
39.4
43.2
9.4
9.3
717.8
18.1
413.0
31.2
12.3
36.0
24.3
16.4
10.4
58.1
48.7
722.2
19.8
409.3
31.4
12.1
36.4
24.1
16.5
10.5
57.9
48.9
731.0
19.0
417.9
31.9
12.3
37.0
24.5
16.6
10.6
58.4
50.0
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
966.8
53.1
20.9
446.1
43.2
154.0
13.0
49.7
30.0
39.9
957.9
53.1
20.9
442.2
40.5
156.0
12.9
49.9
30.2
40.3
965.2
53.7
21.0
445.3
40.9
157.3
13.0
49.7
30.3
40.0
168.3
5.7
2.9
93.6
7.3
7.1
6.1
7.3
1,048.3
52.8
16.2
499.3
46.9
136.3
15.7
47.0
51.8
46.6
1,056.4
53.4
16.3
513.0
47.9
141.0
15.6
47.3
52.2
46.8
1,064.9
54.3
16.5
520.4
48.1
141.6
15.9
47.6
52.9
47.5
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
428.6
438.9
438.6
125.5
125.4
8.2
8.3
8.3
7.6
7.6
273.5
10.3
15.0
277.0
11.9
15.8
277.2
11.9
15.7
121.6
7.2
87.6
88.4
88.3
2.0
2.9
2.1
3.0
2.1
3.0
604.9
28.8
392.6
14.5
26.6
607.7
28.7
392.7
14.5
26.1
614.2
29.1
399.3
14.8
26.6
Mississippi
Jackson
243.4
21.5
241.3
21.8
242.3
22.1
53.3
15.2
53.1
15.1
53.5
15.1
236.1
52.6
232.5
51.3
235.0
52.2
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
412.5
106.7
195.7
24.0
411.9
107.7
195.9
23.7
412.6
107.8
196.0
23.7
162.8
70.6
81.1
10.9
160.0
70.7
81.2
11.8
159.1
70.5
81.2
11.8
627.4
224.2
312.1
45.9
620.7
225.5
313.6
44.9
630.3
228.1
318.5
45.1
Montana
24.2
24.6
24.4
21.0
20.8
21.2
98.0
99.1
99.3
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
115.0
16.8
39.7
115.2
17.5
39.0
115.7
17.5
39.3
53.5
9.1
9.3
9.1
26.2
27.3
27.5
212.7
31.5
93.6
212.2
30.5
96.1
214.4
30.3
97.9
39.4
21.7
13.2
40.4
22.5
13.5
40.6
22.6
13.6
43.4
31.0
10.8
45.1
31.8
11.2
45.6
32.2
11.3
177.5
126.3
40.6
184.1
131.6
41.3
187.5
134.0
42.0
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
105.2
13.1
26.9
18.2
107.1
13.1
28.1
19.4
107.1
13.2
28.0
19.3
19.8
5.5
2.3
19.6
19.4
5.5
4.1
5.3
2.2
4.5
148.4
23.8
22.0
29.4
152.3
23.7
22.7
29.8
152.6
24.0
22.9
29.7
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Mon mouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
487.2
486.0
261.3
876.2
34.1
179.1
128.6
58.5
139.1
98.2
191.1
32.6
11.3
879.7
37.7
176.4
130.4
58.1
138.6
98.4
191.5
31.9
11.7
890.6
36.3
179.6
133.3
58.4
141.3
99.5
193.8
32.6
11.9
167.3
80.8
10.9
15.0
168.4
80.8
11.1
15.0
170.0
82.0
11.2
15.0
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
6.5
2.5
5.3
19.1
3.6
6.9
6.2
7.1
50.8
6.3
106.2
55.6
30.0
92.3
21.8
137.0
19.5
13.3
485.7
6.0
104.9
56.0
30.1
93.2
21.9
137.3
19.4
13.0
258.4
6.3
106.8
55.6
29.6
94.2
21.4
136.0
20.2
13.0
46.1
29.7
47.8
30.9
2.7
2.0
2.9
1.8
See footnotes at end of table.
5.2
2.1
5.1
86
5.1
2.1
5.3
6.8
2.5
1.2
9.1
9.3
171.8
5.8
2.9
96.1
5.3
19.6
3.7
7.1
6.1
53.3
2.9
82.9
5.2
2.2
5.3
6.7
2.5
1.2
9.0
9.3
172.2
5.9
2.9
96.2
5.3
19.6
3.7
2.2
4.5
261.5
7.4
7.6
7.4
34.6
22.4
29.7
47.0
21.5
81.7
34.9
22.8
29.5
47.1
21.8
84.0
34.9
22.5
29.3
47.3
22.1
84.0
7.6
3.0
7.9
3.2
8.2
3.2
47.0
30.7
31.2
15.1
31.9
15.2
32.0
15.4
2.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
128.4
71.2
33.1
48.6
128.8
69.7
32.5
48.1
128.4
69.8
32.7
48.5
724.8
377.4
155.0
276.5
747.9
388.3
156.0
280.7
747.3
389.9
157.1
281.7
428.5
212.4
87.8
170.6
429.0
213.3
88.6
173.2
431.0
213.9
88.6
174.1
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
211.7
3.2
156.5
3.0
1.5
4.5
3.8
2.0
1.9
12.4
15.2
219.0
3.6
162.0
3.0
1.6
4.3
3.8
2.0
1.9
11.7
15.6
219.7
3.4
162.6
3.0
1.6
4.3
3.9
2.0
2.0
11.7
15.7
1,087.5
17.6
738.1
23.7
12.6
42.1
29.1
16.0
14.2
76.4
66.8
1,127.2
19.2
765.2
23.6
12.9
43.0
30.1
16.1
14.7
77.6
68.2
1,128.7
18.1
768.2
23.9
12.8
43.1
30.0
16.2
14.4
77.5
68.3
411.1
7.8
222.1
15.6
7.6
17.7
14.3
9.9
4.9
46.7
32.7
410.6
7.9
222.2
15.7
7.8
17.5
14.6
10.3
5.0
45.9
33.1
413.6
7.9
223.4
16.1
7.8
17.8
14.7
10.4
5.1
46.7
33.4
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ....
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
201.2
9.6
2.6
111.1
6.7
21.3
1.8
10.8
13.1
6.6
202.7
9.9
2.6
111.8
6.8
22.2
1.8
10.9
13.3
6.7
202.7
9.9
2.6
112.0
6.7
22.3
1.8
10.9
13.4
6.7
1,178.2
62.0
18.9
622.3
49.6
136.9
14.1
52.1
55.5
46.1
1,218.2
64.5
19.1
650.4
50.8
141.5
14.6
52.8
56.3
47.6
1,212.1
64.3
19.1
649.1
51.0
141.8
14.5
52.5
56.2
47.1
674.8
72.5
8.7
236.5
25.2
55.0
10.6
35.6
69.6
23.1
659.2
72.5
8.7
230.2
25.4
55.7
10.6
35.7
68.4
22.9
662.1
73.2
8.8
231.3
25.7
55.7
10.7
35.7
68.7
23.2
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
142.8
3.3
112.6
2.4
2.9
146.5
3.5
114.2
2.4
3.0
146.5
3.5
114.7
2.4
3.0
677.6
31.2
457.8
32.1
21.1
702.8
31.5
476.1
33.1
21.4
700.1
31.5
475.3
32.7
21.5
397.3
24.0
226.7
7.1
13.3
390.2
23.5
220.6
6.8
13.0
396.1
24.1
226.0
6.9
13.3
40.9
15.5
40.7
15.9
40.7
15r9
252.8
56.3
258.7
58.0
257.1
56.9
222.5
45.9
231.8
46.5
231.9
46.5
151.3
62.6
78.3
6.7
157.7
64.2
78.3
6.9
157.9
64.3
78.5
6.9
713.2
253.7
397.2
45.5
734.8
261.2
405.0
46.0
730.4
261.3
403.8
46.1
414.0
131.0
162.5
19.6
423.4
135.8
158.6
19.9
426.5
136.6
161.0
20.6
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
16.1
16.8
16.7
101.1
105.4
103.7
80.6
79.4
79.4
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
53.3
9.5
32.6
55.8
9.9
34.3
56.2
10.0
34.4
224.8
36.8
129.5
233.8
37.3
134.3
234.0
37.0
134.7
156.4
37.6
50.5
153.8
35.5
50.7
156.0
37.2
51.0
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
38.2
29.3
7.6
40.2
30.6
8.1
40.4
30.8
8.1
372.1
276.8
67.5
389.0
291.2
68.3
391.2
294.2
67.7
109.7
67.3
23.9
110.0
68.8
23.3
111.4
69.4
23.9
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
27.9
7.2
3.1
5.9
28.3
6.6
3.0
5.8
28.0
6.6
2.9
5.8
162.7
30.8
23.6
29.2
167.4
31.6
25.9
29.2
164.4
31.5
25.6
29.2
83.0
10.5
8.3
23.5
83.0
11.0
8.4
21.8
83.8
11.0
8.5
22.0
232.8
5.8
34.3
22.3
24.3
43.6
18.0
69.5
11.2
3.3
236.3
6.1
34.7
22.7
25.2
43.6
18.6
70.5
11.0
3.3
236.8
6.0
34.5
23.3
25.3
43.5
18.6
70.5
11.2
3.3
1,135.5
84.0
190.4
138.8
58.7
172.5
115.7
290.5
68.2
12.0
1,178.1
87.3
197.3
146.2
60.9
182.9
120.4
296.6
68.5
12.2
1,177.8
85.5
198.8
147.0
61.2
183.8
118.4
296.7
69.9
12.4
576.2
28.2
72.9
79.5
39.8
78.5
63.2
143.9
52.8
12.9
571.0
28.6
71.2
77.8
40.0
78.1
61.8
143.5
52.5
13.4
576.9
28.5
71.9
78.6
39.9
78.9
62.6
145.1
53.3
13.6
31.8
17.1
1.9
3.2
31.9
17.2
1.9
3.2
31.9
17.1
1.9
3.2
192.4
101.5
11.4
20.6
197.6
105.8
11.1
21.9
197.3
105.6
11.1
21.6
175.4
63.3
19.9
24.4
177.5
64.9
20.2
23.9
178.1
64.9
20.4
23.8
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,043.8
430.5
113.7
545.8
108.0
43.7
48.7
1,119.8
3,921.8
3,413.5
119.7
535.2
100.6
339.3
128.1
387.9
8,119.8
433.6
115.4
546.7
108.3
43.1
49.9
1,137.0
3,960.5
3,448.6
119.3
536.8
100.9
339.3
128.0
390.7
8,160.1
435.6
116.2
547.6
108.6
43.1
48.7
1,143.0
3,988.9
3,474.2
119.5
537.5
101.5
340.7
128.6
393.1
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,639.2
105.7
740.2
621.9
584.9
3,689.6
107.3
745.7
620.4
598.5
3,713.6
108.8
746.0
622.2
601.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
315.1
47.9
94.7
50.1
324.5
49.2
99.1
52.6
323.6
49.2
98.7
52.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(M
5,373.1
321.0
180.1
834.8
1,133.3
815.6
477.1
113.9
78.4
80.9
47.9
318.0
244.5
5,402.8
324.3
183.4
837.9
1,145.4
818.6
475.5
114.2
78.9
81.3
50.2
316.1
244.8
5,425.5
324.7
183.7
842.2
1,152.3
825.3
479.3
115.2
79.4
81.7
50.3
318.4
245.0
14.0
.4
.7
.8
1.0
.6
.4
1
( )
(1)
(1)
.4
.2
.6
13.8
.4
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.4
1
( )
(1)
(1)
.4
.2
.5
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,380.7
23.8
37.9
503.1
369.2
1,411.2
24.2
38.5
509.4
379.5
1,416.2
24.2
38.7
512.9
381.4
31.2
1.0
.1
6.9
7.6
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,520.1
136.2
68.0
906.3
132.2
1,557.6
139.8
69.3
932.8
136.3
1,555.8
140.6
70.6
937.8
134.3
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,413.6
262.2
58.0
129.0
351.0
87.0
211.1
2,248.1
686.5
1,076.6
164.0
277.3
47.1
69.9
54.5
163.2
5,513.6
264.0
57.6
131.0
355.9
88.4
214.2
2,276.2
687.3
1,075.9
166.3
276.8
48.5
71.3
55.0
164.4
5,529.5
264.2
58.1
130.7
356.3
88.2
215.1
2,289.2
689.5
1,080.3
166.3
277.2
48.9
70.9
55.4
164.7
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
See footnotes at end of table.
,
Nov.
1996
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
4.9
.5
5.2
.6
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
268.6
15.1
4.0
21.8
4.4
1.6
2.0
47.5
120.0
94.5
4.5
17.7
4.2
13.0
3.3
19.2
285.2
15.9
4.1
23.1
4.8
1.8
2.1
50.9
124.8
99.1
4.5
18.7
4.1
13.4
3.6
19.4
279.8
15.5
3.9
21.9
4.7
1.7
2.1
50.7
125.2
99.7
4.5
17.8
4.1
12.9
3.4
19.2
3.9
195.5
5.9
44.2
29.6
31.6
204.2
6.0
45.4
30.5
33.7
203.9
5.9
45.4
30.5
33.8
4.3
15.4
2.6
5.6
2.4
18.3
2.7
6.9
3.1
16.7
2.7
6.5
2.9
13.7
.3
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.4
.3
.2
.5
223.2
13.3
8.4
39.7
43.6
34.0
17.8
6.5
3.8
2.7
1.8
16.1
10.1
235.6
14.6
9.5
42.3
48.0
35.3
18.3
6.9
4.0
2.7
1.8
15.5
10.5
229.3
13.9
9.1
41.9
46.3
35.1
18.1
6.8
4.1
2.6
1.7
15.1
10.2
31.3
1.0
.1
7.0
7.6
31.3
1.0
.1
7.1
7.6
51.0
1.0
1.6
19.0
14.0
53.1
1.1
1.6
19.4
14.7
52.6
1.2
1.6
19.4
14.5
1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3
2.0
.2
.1
1.2
.3
1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3
82.6
6.5
3.1
52.9
6.9
88.6
7.2
3.0
57.9
7.3
86.1
6.8
3.0
56.7
7.1
19.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.2
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.5
20.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.4
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.4
20.2
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
212.1
10.8
2.7
4.6
13.5
4.1
12.0
82.7
10.5
50.7
6.8
10.2
1.6
2.8
2.5
7.9
231.8
10.5
2.7
4.6
14.0
4.6
12.2
86.6
11.1
51.0
7.6
10.6
1.7
2.6
2.5
8.4
227.4
10.2
2.6
4.5
14.1
4.3
12.2
85.3
10.8
50.3
7.3
10.2
1.6
2.5
2.4
8.2
1
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.3
(1)
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(M
(1)
.3
(1)
.4
.5
(1)
(1)
5.1
.6
1
3.8
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
(M
(M
(1)
(1)
(M
.4
(1)
(1)
4.4
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
922.2
39.4
25.4
88.3
17.5
9.4
8.4
111.5
318.7
265.2
12.0
128.4
11.9
49.7
19.7
39.8
925.4
39.2
25.9
89.4
17.8
9.3
8.1
112.2
318.9
265.6
11.5
127.0
12.1
49.3
18.9
39.5
926.0
39.2
25.8
89.7
17.9
9.3
8.1
112.6
317.7
264.3
11.5
126.9
12.2
49.7
19.1
39.5
407.0
16.1
4.7
26.1
4.0
1.5
1.4
49.3
233.6
207.0
6.6
18.3
6.0
18.2
4.0
19.8
414.5
17.5
4.8
26.0
3.9
1.5
1.6
50.9
234.1
208.0
6.8
18.4
6.0
18.5
3.8
19.3
413.1
17.4
4.8
25.6
3.9
1.5
1.4
50.8
233.9
207.6
6.7
18.4
6.1
18.6
3.8
19.5
1,668.0
95.1
24.4
131.9
21.1
11.4
11.2
293.1
692.7
577.9
33.3
113.3
23.2
80.2
27.7
87.4
1,653.1
94.7
23.7
130.8
20.9
10.9
11.4
293.1
694.3
580.6
33.4
113.2
23.0
79.5
27.2
86.4
1,681.0
96.7
24.4
133.1
21.1
10.9
11.1
297.8
706.5
590.9
33.7
114.5
23.4
80.9
27.8
88.1
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro~Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
848.1
19.9
147.0
165.9
81.9
844.7
19.9
146.6
165.1
83.1
844.8
19.8
146.4
165.5
83.5
171.1
4.8
52.9
33.3
25.9
175.1
4.9
50.0
32.6
26.6
175.3
4.9
50.3
32.6
26.9
830.9
26.2
177.7
144.7
122.6
814.6
26.0
177.2
141.2
123.1
835.5
26.7
178.8
141.8
123.9
22.0
2.5
8.1
4.0
23.6
2.7
8.6
4.5
23.3
2.7
8.2
3.9
18.7
3.2
5.5
2.4
18.7
3.2
5.4
2.2
18.6
3.2
5.3
2.2
81.8
12.0
27.2
14.0
82.1
12.0
27.6
14.2
83.4
12.2
27.9
14.7
1,089.4
64.2
46.2
142.3
223.0
91.6
100.4
21.2
19.9
23.0
11.0
59.2
58.7
1,079.7
62.6
46.5
141.4
219.4
91.6
99.4
21.0
19.6
22.7
13.3
61.4
58.9
1,084.7
63.1
46.6
141.6
222.9
91.8
100.0
21.0
19.6
22.8
13.4
61.7
58.7
234.8
14.8
5.6
43.6
45.5
36.6
19.3
4.6
2.9
4.2
2.8
14.4
9.9
236.8
14.7
5.5
44.1
45.6
36.9
19.1
4.7
2.9
3.9
2.7
14.3
10.3
237.0
14.8
5.7
44.3
45.2
37.2
19.1
4.7
3.0
4.0
2.7
14.5
10.3
1,331.0
80.5
44.7
219.3
273.0
223.8
111.9
31.2
19.2
18.7
11.1
80.0
62.9
1,325.6
80.9
45.3
217.6
275.0
217.9
110.5
30.4
19.3
18.4
10.7
78.9
62.5
1,345.2
81.4
45.5
220.6
278.3
222.6
112.5
31.1
19.7
18.7
11.0
79.9
62.9
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
176.2
1.9
3.8
52.6
56.2
180.1
2.0
3.6
53.9
58.4
180.4
2.0
3.7
54.4
58.5
77.7
2.0
1.8
24.0
28.2
79.8
2.1
1.8
24.8
29.8
80.2
2.1
1.8
24.8
30.4
326.1
6.0
8.9
122.9
88.0
328.6
6.2
8.8
122.1
89.5
332.3
6.1
8.9
124.4
91.3
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
236.9
20.1
9.0
141.3
17.7
250.7
21.7
9.4
150.7
19.3
246.7
21.8
9.2
149.9
17.3
74.3
4.5
3.1
51.2
3.5
74.0
4.7
3.3
52.1
3.4
74.4
4.7
3.3
52.5
3.4
375.7
35.6
21.5
227.1
28.5
381.9
36.0
21.0
231.9
28.6
385.9
36.9
22.6
236.0
29.0
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
933.2
57.6
10.3
34.1
45.2
12.6
56.5
306.7
60.9
134.2
43.5
55.7
10.7
9.0
13.0
48.9
938.6
57.2
10.1
34.2
46.1
12.6
56.3
309.2
60.8
135.3
43.8
54.1
11.4
9.0
13.2
49.3
937.6
57.2
10.1
34.1
45.8
12.6
56.4
309.3
60.6
135.0
44.0
54.1
11.4
8.9
13.4
49.3
276.3
14.6
4.3
4.7
24.2
4.9
8.6
105.6
32.9
66.4
7.4
14.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
7.5
276.0
14.6
4.2
4.5
24.8
5.0
8.3
107.8
32.7
66.0
7.5
14.9
2.2
2.1
1.9
7.4
275.0
14.6
4.3
4.5
24.7
5.0
8.3
108.0
32.7
66.0
7.5
15.0
2.2
2.0
1.9
7.4
1,239.9
54.3
15.5
28.7
78.9
21.0
53.2
507.0
115.9
262.6
38.5
66.5
12.4
13.2
12.8
40.0
1,249.8
55.2
15.2
29.2
79.5
21.0
53.9
504.9
114.5
256.7
38.6
65.6
12.8
13.3
13.1
39.7
1,266.6
55.7
15.5
29.5
80.6
21.3
54.5
514.5
116.4
260.9
39.0
66.2
13.1
13.3
13.3
40.5
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
722.4
25.5
3.9
28.2
4.2
1.3
2.4
78.4
506.7
475.1
5.2
22.9
5.0
18.0
7.7
25.5
725.3
25.8
4.0
28.7
4.2
1.3
2.5
78.3
507.9
475.8
5.2
23.0
4.9
17.8
7.7
26.0
725.3
25.8
4.1
28.5
4.2
1.3
2.5
78.2
508.7
476.5
5.2
23.0
4.9
17.8
7.7
26.1
2,657.1
129.6
29.1
160.4
33.7
11.0
13.2
357.4
1,435.4
1,261.6
31.0
154.2
30.6
99.3
37.5
137.3
2,730.6
130.5
30.6
160.5
33.5
10.7
14.4
369.0
1,469.6
1,289.8
31.2
157.1
31.2
99.5
39.2
142.4
2,736.3
130.6
30.6
159.9
33.5
10.7
13.4
368.3
1,482.1
1,302.7
30.9
156.1
31.3
99.0
38.9
141.9
1,393.5
109.1
22.3
89.2
23.2
7.4
10.2
182.6
614.7
532.0
27.0
79.9
19.7
60.8
28.2
58.9
1,380.6
109.4
22.4
88.3
23.2
7.6
9.9
182.6
611.0
529.4
26.7
79.0
19.5
61.2
27.6
57.8
1,393.7
109.9
22.6
88.8
23.3
7.6
10.1
184.6
614.9
532.2
26.9
80.5
19.6
61.8
28.0
58.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
157.2
3.1
48.8
31.4
27.5
162.6
3.0
50.0
32.3
28.3
162.3
3.1
50.0
32.2
28.4
846.4
30.7
179.7
148.8
175.5
892.5
32.6
182.7
151.0
178.2
891.2
33.4
181.5
151.4
179.2
586.2
15.1
89.9
68.2
119.9
591.9
14.9
93.8
67.7
125.5
596.7
15.0
93.6
68.2
125.5
14.7
2.3
5.8
1.5
15.5
2.5
6.4
1.5
15.4
2.5
6.5
1.5
85.9
15.3
28.0
13.0
88.6
15.8
28.9
14.6
88.7
15.6
29.2
14.8
72.4
10.0
14.5
12.8
73.3
10.3
15.3
12.5
73.2
10.3
15.1
12.5
279.1
12.5
5.9
52.3
72.0
68.3
18.1
4.3
2.1
2.7
1.4
11.2
9.3
281.9
12.7
5.9
53.3
73.1
68.9
18.2
4.2
2.3
2.7
1.5
11.0
9.3
282.4
12.8
5.9
53.1
73.0
69.0
18.4
4.2
2.2
2.7
1.5
11.1
9.4
1,428.8
85.6
48.7
232.4
330.4
225.0
135.1
25.1
20.0
19.2
13.1
87.9
61.4
1,462.2
88.9
49.8
237.8
338.4
231.2
137.8
25.9
20.4
20.6
13.5
87.2
61.3
1,457.2
88.4
49.9
237.4
339.6
231.6
138.1
25.9
20.3
20.6
13.4
86.8
60.9
772.8
49.7
19.9
104.4
144.8
135.7
74.1
21.0
10.5
10.4
6.3
49.0
31.6
767.2
49.5
20.2
100.7
144.9
136.2
71.8
21.1
10.4
10.3
6.3
47.6
31.5
776.0
50.0
20.3
102.6
146.0
137.4
72.7
21.5
10.5
10.3
6.3
49.1
32.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
68.0
1.0
1.8
27.8
20.2
69.9
1.0
1.8
28.6
20.5
70.1
1.0
1.8
28.7
20.7
373.1
6.6
8.1
147.2
112.6
389.3
6.6
8.7
149.7
115.8
389.7
6.6
8.6
149.9
115.2
277.4
4.3
11.8
102.7
42.4
279.1
4.2
12.1
103.9
43.2
279.6
4.2
12.2
104.2
43.2
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
92.4
6.9
3.1
64.5
6.5
95.0
7.1
3.1
66.2
6.4
95.3
7.1
3.1
66.2
6.4
396.0
36.0
17.6
247.5
31.8
409.8
37.6
18.7
255.2
33.8
407.5
37.3
18.3
255.1
33.4
260.3
26.4
10.5
120.6
37.0
255.6
25.3
10.7
117.6
37.2
258.0
25.8
11.0
120.2
37.4
310.2
13.3
2.0
5.5
25.2
4.6
8.9
153.9
53.8
61.4
9.0
14.0
1.4
2.1
2.2
4.9
312.5
13.1
2.0
5.5
24.6
4.6
9.1
155.5
53.2
61.7
9.1
14.2
1.4
2.2
2.3
5.1
313.9
13.1
2.1
5.5
24.8
4.6
9.4
155.5
53.5
61.8
9.1
14.4
1.4
2.2
2.3
5.0
1,683.4
80.6
15.0
35.8
91.7
25.9
52.5
789.5
287.4
369.9
39.2
79.8
13.5
13.8
14.7
36.7
1,736.6
82.5
15.5
36.9
99.7
26.8
54.9
811.3
290.7
375.1
40.4
81.9
13.7
14.3
14.7
37.6
1,736.0
82.2
15.5
36.6
99.0
26.4
54.6
814.1
291.0
374.7
39.8
81.5
13.8
14.1
14.7
37.5
738.6
31.0
8.2
15.6
72.3
13.9
19.0
302.7
125.1
127.2
19.6
35.8
5.5
27.0
7.3
16.8
748.0
30.9
7.9
16.1
67.2
13.8
19.1
300.9
124.3
125.7
19.3
35.1
5.3
27.8
7.3
16.5
752.8
31.2
8.0
16.0
67.3
14.0
19.3
302.5
124.5
127.2
19.6
35.4
5.4
27.9
7.4
16.4
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.
90
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
451.4
504.2
454.8
507.0
455.5
509.5
1,699.5
215.3
275.9
457.6
1,723.0
219.8
282.4
463.6
1,731.5
221.4
284.3
466.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
352.4
46.5
99.6
356.7
48.5
102.9
355.5
47.5
103.2
(1)
(1)
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,573.1
218.5
196.4
320.0
554.0
617.0
2,586.2
217.1
195.3
316.8
552.7
622.7
2,594.1
218.0
196.3
317.1
554.8
624.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ,
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
8,386.0
54.6
93.6
546.4
152.3
73.5
94.8
67.5
153.4
1,695.0
237.9
689.9
86.9
1,831.0
95.3
57.0
86.3
112.3
129.9
98.5
42.4
641.0
42.8
51.0
74.4
33.9
94.7
58.6
8,558.9
55.5
96.4
554.3
154.5
74.5
98.1
68.7
156.5
1,760.0
242.0
713.5
89.4
1,879.9
98.2
60.8
86.5
115.2
135.2
100.4
42.3
660.1
43.1
50.2
74.9
35.1
96.8
58.9
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
979.9
135.5
659.9
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.8
1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.3
2.5
Nov.
1997P
14.0
15.6
15.3
16.6
15.5
16.9
1.8
95.3
13.9
14.5
29.2
100.1
14.7
15.6
30.0
100.6
14.9
15.7
30.0
2.4
14.8
2.9
4.4
16.1
3.4
4.8
15.2
3.3
4.5
4.3
122.7
9.7
9.8
18.2
24.4
31.2
122.2
9.8
9.8
18.1
24.1
31.1
(1)
(1)
4.7
Oct.
1997
.2
.2
0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
116.3
9.8
10.2
19.0
24.0
30.3
8,611.3
55.7
97.0
557.7
155.7
74.9
98.8
69.2
157.8
1,771.4
243.0
718.3
89.6
1,893.9
98.7
61.1
86.9
115.6
137.8
100.6
42.3
664.1
43.3
50.6
76.5
35.2
96.9
59.1
158.6
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.4
1
( )
.7
2.3
11.4
(1)
4.5
.8
65.7
1
( )
3.2
3.2
.1
1.0
12.1
.7
1.9
(1)
(1)
1.5
1.5
164.6
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.5
1
( )
.8
2.5
12.1
(1)
4.5
.8
68.2
1
( )
3.5
3.3
.1
1.1
12.7
.7
1.9
(1)
(1)
1.6
1.6
(1)
1.1
164.9
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.5
1
( )
.8
2.5
12.0
(1)
4.4
.8
68.1
1
( )
3.4
3.3
.1
1.1
12.6
.7
1.9
(1)
(1)
1.7
1.6
(1)
1.1
447.1
2.2
4.4
27.6
12.8
8.8
3.1
2.7
12.9
74.8
11.2
33.2
4.4
129.5
3.8
2.1
3.9
4.0
6.5
5.7
1.8
32.8
1.9
2.3
2.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
466.2
2.3
4.8
27.5
13.5
8.3
3.4
3.0
13.5
83.1
11.6
35.7
4.6
135.7
4.4
2.1
3.9
4.2
6.9
6.0
1.9
34.7
2.1
2.3
2.8
2.2
4.5
2.2
465.6
2.3
4.7
27.3
13.7
8.5
3.5
3.0
13.4
83.6
11.7
35.7
4.6
137.5
4.3
2.1
3.9
4.1
7.0
6.3
1.8
34.8
2.1
2.2
2.7
2.2
4.5
2.2
1,010.5
138.7
679.9
1,021.8
140.7
688.1
8.1
8.4
62.3
9.3
41.2
68.8
9.6
45.5
67.9
9.8
44.9
278.8
30.9
99.5
285.0
29.8
101.6
282.4
29.3
101.7
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,194.4
37.3
80.3
45.5
98.4
661.5
977.0
512.3
142.2
3,258.1
37.3
82.7
45.8
99.8
662.4
1,015.0
522.8
143.8
3,280.5
37.6
83.0
45.8
100.9
664.0
1,025.4
527.6
144.5
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,468.7
1,261.7
183.7
226.4
2,551.8
1,314.7
189.7
229.5
2,561.1
1,331.8
189.7
230.2
See footnotes at end of table.
91
4.5
Nov.
1996
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
1.1
(1)
3.0
.5
( )
10.6
C)
(1)
<;>
(11)
()
.6
.8
1
( )
(1)
2.9
.7
.6
(1)
(1)
13.6
1.6
5.0
13.5
1.4
4.9
13.1
1.3
5.1
10.8
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7
.7
1
( )
10.7
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7
.7
1
( )
179.9
1.7
4.2
2.3
5.7
41.2
54.3
31.8
8.0
189.7
1.5
4.6
2.5
6.2
42.1
59.4
33.7
8.8
189.6
1.4
4.6
2.4
6.2
42.1
59.6
33.7
9.0
3.5
.7
131.2
63.0
10.6
12.5
142.6
68.4
11.9
13.0
138.4
67.9
11.4
12.5
3.5
.7
1
( )
1
( )
.2
2.9
(1)
(1)
3.5
.7
1
.2
8.3
(1)
.6
1
(1)
(1)
( )
.2
.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
83.2
105.5
81.8
104.6
81.7
104.3
15.2
17.4
15.4
17.8
15.4
17.9
101.2
117.3
101.8
116.0
102.0
117.4
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
360.9
20.5
25.1
124.1
358.2
20.7
25.3
123.6
359.1
20.7
25.3
123.9
74.0
11.0
12.6
19.8
75.8
11.3
12.4
20.4
76.3
11.3
12.4
20.6
402.1
54.1
64.4
115.5
411.6
55.2
66.7
117.9
416.5
55.8
67.5
119.4
48.5
4.1
13.4
49.3
4.8
14.0
49.3
4.8
14.2
16.7
2.0
6.3
16.2
2.0
6.4
16.1
2.0
6.3
87.9
14.1
25.8
87.7
14.4
25.5
88.2
14.3
25.9
521.2
43.8
53.5
48.2
62.8
95.8
513.9
43.6
51.5
47.9
63.3
94.6
515.5
43.7
51.9
48.1
63.1
94.8
143.9
8.2
8.0
14.1
61.6
31.4
142.2
8.4
7.6
13.9
60.3
31.7
142.2
8.5
7.6
13.8
60.3
31.6
614.5
52.7
44.3
82.8
143.7
151.5
611.9
51.8
43.8
83.0
145.1
151.9
619.9
52.4
44.0
83.3
148.1
154.1
1,062.1
3.2
9.2
73.0
24.5
16.7
12.6
3.6
13.5
238.7
44.1
107.9
8.0
199.4
9.9
1.4
18.8
7.5
13.2
6.9
5.4
49.4
10.5
6.0
11.1
3.1
16.7
8.1
1,076.8
3.3
9.8
73.4
24.6
16.7
12.3
3.8
13.6
242.9
43.8
109.9
8.2
204.9
9.1
1.6
18.6
7.7
12.8
7.0
5.3
50.1
10.3
5.9
9.6
3.1
16.4
8.1
1,079.9
3.3
9.7
73.8
24.7
16.6
12.3
3.8
13.7
243.1
43.4
109.6
8.2
206.0
9.1
1.6
18.5
7.8
13.2
7.1
5.3
50.1
10.3
6.0
11.0
3.3
16.4
8.1
492.3
2.7
5.7
17.8
8.0
2.8
4.2
1.3
6.4
114.3
13.1
62.5
4.1
125.8
3.5
8.8
3.9
5.9
4.5
4.0
2.2
30.8
1.5
2.2
3.5
1.5
3.7
2.8
504.0
2.5
5.2
18.0
7.9
2.9
4.2
1.4
6.3
123.6
12.7
66.0
4.4
129.8
3.5
10.0
3.8
5.6
4.7
4.1
2.1
31.8
1.5
2.1
3.7
1.5
3.8
2.9
506.7
2.5
5.3
18.1
7.9
2.9
4.2
1.4
6.3
124.8
12.9
66.0
4.4
130.3
3.5
10.1
3.8
5.7
4.6
4.0
2.1
32.1
1.5
2.1
3.7
1.4
3.8
2.9
2,032.4
14.4
26.5
118.5
35.9
14.2
23.5
14.8
35.5
426.5
57.3
176.2
18.4
430.5
22.8
15.5
21.9
32.1
35.8
26.6
10.3
159.3
9.8
13.3
19.1
9.4
21.8
13.7
2,054.2
14.5
27.5
120.4
36.0
14.6
24.6
15.2
35.6
437.3
56.8
181.5
19.0
433.5
23.1
16.5
21.7
33.5
37.6
26.4
9.7
162.4
9.3
13.1
19.3
9.6
22.1
13.8
2,087.5
14.7
27.9
121.9
36.7
14.9
24.8
15.2
36.4
445.2
57.8
186.5
19.1
440.6
23.6
16.7
22.1
33.9
39.0
26.7
9.8
165.0
9.5
13.6
19.5
9.6
22.4
13.8
131.3
19.3
81.7
133.3
20.0
83.3
134.1
20.1
83.5
55.3
2.3
42.8
57.3
2.3
43.9
57.5
2.3
44.3
239.6
30.4
165.0
240.7
30.9
165.6
247.6
31.8
171.0
46.3
3.6
17.9
47.4
3.4
18.7
47.2
3.3
18.6
12.2
1.1
4.7
12.2
1.0
4.6
12.1
1.0
4.5
65.0
6.7
22.3
66.6
6.9
21.6
66.4
6.6
21.7
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
399.8
10.0
8.1
16.0
25.6
67.7
41.5
60.4
19.3
396.7
9.8
8.3
15.5
25.0
66.6
42.3
59.8
19.3
397.5
10.1
8.3
15.4
25.1
66.7
42.5
60.0
19.3
166.0
1.2
2.4
1.1
3.6
32.5
59.0
27.1
8.6
170.7
1.2
2.3
1.0
3.7
33.3
60.8
27.5
8.6
171.2
1.1
2.3
1.0
3.7
33.2
61.0
28.0
8.6
738.2
10.0
16.7
9.8
22.4
162.2
218.4
123.2
39.1
741.0
10.0
16.7
9.8
22.1
158.7
219.8
124.2
38.7
756.9
10.1
16.8
9.9
22.7
161.6
225.4
127.3
39.2
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
354.8
203.7
22.1
26.0
378.9
224.5
22.2
27.6
377.2
225.0
22.1
27.8
124.7
75.3
8.4
9.9
127.9
77.6
8.5
10.7
127.1
77.3
8.5
10.6
606.7
303.5
46.1
56.3
616.7
311.6
49.4
56.4
624.2
320.1
50.3
57.0
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.
92
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fa 11 River-Warwick
25.3
27.4
26.0
28.2
26.0
28.5
149.0
155.7
150.4
157.5
150.7
157.9
63.3
65.1
63.9
66.1
64.0
66.4
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
72.6
8.4
19.7
15.5
74.5
8.7
20.1
15.5
74.6
8.7
20.1
15.5
375.8
56.6
67.2
96.5
392.1
58.7
71.4
100.3
391.2
59.1
71.5
100.6
317.0
50.8
72.4
57.0
308.9
50.5
70.9
55.9
311.4
50.9
71.8
56.3
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
20.0
1.7
10.9
21.5
1.8
12.3
21.6
1.8
12.3
90.1
14.0
29.0
91.9
14.3
30.1
90.8
13.6
30.1
72.1
7.7
9.8
71.5
7.8
9.8
71.9
7.7
9.9
118.6
14.3
5.7
13.6
28.6
37.0
119.7
14.7
5.6
13.4
28.8
38.1
119.9
14.6
5.7
13.4
28.8
38.2
663.2
54.0
45.5
85.3
154.0
191.9
676.3
54.3
46.9
84.0
153.4
195.2
674.5
54.4
47.1
84.2
153.6
194.5
390.9
35.7
29.2
56.5
79.3
79.1
394.8
34.6
30.1
55.9
77.4
80.0
395.6
34.6
30.2
56.0
76.8
80.5
447.6
2.0
4.8
28.9
4.8
1.8
3.6
2.4
6.3
131.7
8.7
31.0
5.4
95.9
3.9
2.0
3.0
5.4
4.6
3.5
1.7
42.5
2.0
1.7
3.8
1.7
5.6
2.2
456.9
2.2
4.8
29.6
5.0
1.8
3.7
2.4
6.4
133.9
8.8
32.5
5.5
98.3
4.1
2.2
3.1
5.5
4.9
3.6
1.7
44.7
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.7
5.7
2.2
458.2
2.2
4.9
29.7
5.0
1.8
3.7
2.4
6.4
134.5
8.8
32.5
5.5
98.5
4.1
2.2
3.1
5.5
4.9
3.5
1.6
44.7
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.7
5.7
2.2
2,260.4
18.7
25.3
152.1
39.4
13.6
25.5
13.9
45.3
503.0
51.7
182.4
17.2
535.8
24.7
9.8
20.0
31.7
28.3
22.2
11.5
191.7
11.4
13.5
21.5
8.4
27.6
15.7
2,345.9
19.2
26.3
156.6
39.9
14.3
26.4
14.2
47.3
530.9
55.3
190.0
18.0
558.2
27.0
10.5
20.5
33.1
29.8
23.6
12.1
201.6
12.0
13.7
22.5
9.2
29.1
16.0
2,348.4
19.2
26.4
157.4
40.0
14.1
26.5
14.2
47.6
531.2
55.2
189.7
18.0
559.6
27.0
10.6
20.5
32.8
30.1
23.5
12.2
201.7
12.0
13.7
22.4
9.1
28.8
16.0
1,485.5
10.0
17.1
127.3
26.2
14.2
22.3
28.1
31.2
194.6
51.8
92.2
28.6
248.4
26.7
14.2
11.6
25.6
36.0
17.5
8.8
132.6
5.7
12.0
11.1
6.2
15.1
12.8
1,490.3
10.1
17.4
127.6
26.9
14.4
23.5
27.9
31.3
196.2
53.0
93.4
28.9
251.3
27.0
14.4
11.6
25.5
37.4
17.0
8.8
132.9
5.8
11.4
11.4
6.2
15.2
12.6
1,500.1
10.1
17.5
128.3
27.0
14.6
23.8
28.4
31.5
197.0
53.2
93.9
29.0
253.3
27.1
14.4
11.7
25.7
37.9
16.9
8.8
133.8
5.8
11.3
11.5
6.3
15.3
12.8
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
51.2
3.7
42.0
52.3
4.0
43.5
52.6
4.0
43.8
261.7
52.2
176.1
276.3
52.9
184.7
277.5
53.4
186.4
170.4
18.3
108.1
173.5
19.0
110.5
176.2
19.3
111.3
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.2
2.5
4.7
12.3
2.4
5.1
12.2
2.3
5.0
80.6
8.0
28.5
84.5
7.8
30.3
82.8
7.8
30.0
48.3
7.4
16.4
47.8
6.9
16.4
48.0
7.0
16.8
163.1
1.1
3.9
1.4
4.1
29.8
52.8
42.9
9.1
166.5
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.4
31.0
52.5
43.7
8.8
166.7
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.5
31.3
52.9
43.8
8.7
924.6
7.7
19.2
8.8
24.1
189.4
370.2
126.1
40.7
970.5
8.0
20.1
9.6
25.2
193.4
399.3
133.5
42.1
967.8
8.0
20.2
9.7
25.3
191.1
401.7
132.1
42.0
612.2
5.6
25.8
6.1
12.9
138.7
180.2
100.0
17.4
612.2
5.6
26.6
6.0
13.2
137.3
180.2
99.7
17.5
620.1
5.7
26.7
6.0
13.4
138.0
181.6
102.0
17.7
124.6
76.1
10.7
11.2
126.8
78.1
10.7
11.3
127.2
79.0
10.8
11.3
657.6
355.9
54.4
62.3
692.2
371.5
55.8
63.3
691.7
374.1
56.4
63.1
465.6
183.5
31.4
48.0
463.2
182.3
31.2
47.0
471.8
187.7
31.5
47.7
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Gaiveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
710.4
130.8
121.3
69.7
66.4
718.2
129.5
122.9
70.2
65.3
720.1
131.7
123.9
70.7
66.3
2,652.2
192.4
70.7
133.2
66.9
49.2
69.9
270.9
825.0
80.6
58.2
62.7
2,696.8
195.5
72.8
134.2
67.5
50.3
71.0
273.1
838.6
83.3
60.0
64.4
2,701.8
195.0
73.3
134.7
67.6
50.7
71.2
274.8
844.0
83.7
59.9
64.7
Wyoming
Casper
221.0
30.2
227.1
31.0
221.3
30.8
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
975.3
64.1
70.5
74.2
613.3
948.2
67.6
65.8
73.1
594.8
955.0
68.4
68.6
73.3
598.1
2
2
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Virgin Islands
42.4
( )
( )
See footnotes at end of table.
94
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
25.2
2.0
1.6
.4
1.6
24.3
2.0
1.4
.4
1.7
2.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1
(M
(1)
16.4
2.0
1.0
.5
( )
36.8
7.0
6.4
4.4
2.6
2.7
113.6
11.8
3.0
7.0
2.6
2.3
2.7
12.7
30.4
3.2
2.4
2.8
118.9
12.4
3.2
7.5
2.7
2.2
3.2
13.9
31.8
3.5
2.6
2.8
116.7
12.2
3.0
7.4
2.6
2.2
3.0
13.7
31.5
3.4
2.6
2.8
16.5
2.0
14.8
1.7
16.3
2.0
15.2
1.8
1.0
55.5
3.3
3.7
4.4
38.9
56.4
4.5
4.0
4.0
37.6
56.8
4.4
4.1
4.3
37.8
1
)
)
1
)
1
.5
1
( )
.5
1
Nov.
1997P
38.5
7.3
6.3
4.5
3.0
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
Oct.
1997
36.9
7.4
6.1
4.8
2.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
)
1
)
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(
(1)
(1)
(1)
Nov.
1996
23.9
2.0
1.4
.4
1.7
2.8
(
(
(
(
(
16.0
1.9
1
Nov.
1997P
( )
3.3
(2)
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Nov.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
81.8
9.9
17.4
13.3
6.1
83.4
10.1
17.0
13.0
6.2
83.7
10.1
17.0
12.8
6.3
39.2
9.2
6.9
2.9
3.1
38.3
9.0
6.9
2.8
2.9
38.6
8.9
6.9
2.8
3.4
164.9
32.6
31.9
17.5
17.0
164.8
31.4
31.8
17.4
16.2
167.4
32.4
32.5
17.8
16.6
599.1
58.7
11.1
27.7
21.0
11.2
11.6
28.5
175.1
25.1
23.3
17.4
607.6
58.4
12.1
28.1
21.8
11.7
11.8
28.6
176.4
25.3
24.2
18.3
606.5
57.9
12.3
28.4
21.9
11.8
11.9
28.3
176.9
25.4
24.1
18.3
122.6
7.3
3.5
9.3
2.5
1.7
3.0
9.0
39.5
3.1
1.7
3.5
123.7
7.6
3.5
9.7
2.6
1.6
3.1
9.2
38.4
3.3
1.6
3.5
123.7
7.6
3.5
9.7
2.5
1.6
3.0
9.2
38.8
3.3
1.6
3.5
611.3
41.7
19.3
31.4
15.2
13.0
20.3
59.9
178.7
16.6
10.9
15.4
610.8
42.2
19.1
32.1
14.6
12.9
20.1
58.9
178.1
16.8
11.1
15.7
617.8
42.6
19.4
32.3
14.8
13.3
20.4
60.0
180.6
17.0
11.1
16.0
11.0
1.5
11.2
1.4
10.9
1.4
13.9
1.6
13.9
1.6
14.0
1.6
51.3
8.7
53.0
8.7
52.0
8.8
155.3
16.1
20.4
10.6
71.4
147.0
16.3
16.4
10.6
67.8
147.7
16.2
18.2
10.3
67.3
23.8
.7
.7
2.3
18.1
22.8
.7
.7
2.6
17.9
22.7
.8
.7
2.5
18.0
196.9
14.2
11.4
13.0
130.5
193.7
14.2
11.3
12.5
128.9
198.2
14.8
11.5
12.8
131.3
2.3
(2)
(2)
See footnotes at end of table.
Nov.
1996
95
2.3
(2)
(2)
9.4
(2)
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Nov.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
27.3
7.0
3.7
2.5
2.7
27.5
7.2
3.8
2.5
2.7
27.6
7.2
3.8
2.5
2.7
194.3
39.4
32.1
17.6
22.8
199.8
39.7
34.2
19.1
22.3
199.2
39.9
34.0
19.4
22.6
140.8
23.3
21.6
10.7
10.7
141.6
22.8
21.5
10.5
10.3
142.9
24.2
21.9
10.6
10.4
139.0
9.3
2.5
9.8
1.8
1.6
2.7
20.0
57.2
2.4
2.3
4.7
143.0
9.6
2.5
9.2
1.7
1.5
2.9
20.0
58.9
2.4
2.4
4.9
143.3
9.6
2.5
9.1
1.7
1.5
2.9
20.1
59.1
2.5
2.5
4.9
666.5
40.9
18.7
32.1
14.9
11.9
19.0
66.3
253.7
20.5
11.2
11.6
695.2
42.3
19.9
32.6
15.2
12.4
19.5
69.3
265.0
22.5
11.7
12.0
691.5
41.9
20.0
32.5
15.0
12.2
19.5
69.4
265.5
22.5
11.5
12.0
397.4
22.7
12.5
394.8
399.7
23.1
15.9
8.8
7.5
15.0
9.0
10.6
74.6
90.3
9.6
6.4
7.3
10.4
73.2
90.0
9.5
6.5
7.1
91.6
7.9
1.2
8.0
1.2
7.9
1.2
45.2
8.3
48.6
8.7
45.2
8.6
60.9
5.3
59.7
5.4
59.6
5.4
44.5
1.7
2.1
2.4
34.7
45.0
1.9
2.0
2.2
35.4
44.8
1.9
2.0
2.3
35.2
184.6
11.0
10.8
15.1
179.5
10.7
10.9
15.0
122.8
180.0
11.0
11.7
14.8
123.5
313.7
17.1
21.4
26.4
190.8
302.8
19.3
20.5
26.2
183.9
303.8
19.3
20.4
26.3
184.5
1.8
128.4
9.5
1
23.1
12.5
8.0
12.7
15.3
9.1
8.1
10.5
74.0
9.7
6.5
7.3
13.8
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
2
Nov.
1996
96
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
34.5
34.9
34.6
34.8
34.8
41.4
41.8
41.6
41.4
42.0
45.5
46.0
45.4
45.5
45.1
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
43.6
42.9
44.5
44.4
45.4
45.4
43.7
46.0
45.2
44.4
46.2
45.4
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
46.0
46.0
46.2
46.2
45.1
45.1
45.3
45.4
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
45.2
41.7
47.2
45.9
43.6
47.2
44.6
41.1
46.3
45.4
43.0
46.5
14
142
46.8
48.2
46.7
48.7
48.6
50.5
46.8
48.5
38.8
38.6
39.7
37.8
15
152
153
154
38.1
36.7
39.3
39.3
38.1
36.2
38.5
39.8
38.7
37.6
38.3
39.8
37.6
36.6
37.3
38.6
16
161
162
42.4
41.8
42.6
41.4
40.9
41.7
44.2
45.4
43.6
39.3
37.3
40.1
17
171
38.2
39.2
36.7
39.7
35.3
36.0
34.7
38.1
39.5
36.9
40.6
35.6
35.7
33.6
39.0
39.6
37.8
40.0
36.4
36.5
36.2
37.5
39.3
36.2
39.6
34.9
35.8
32.8
42.8
43.6
41.2
39.8
42.6
42.7
42.3
41.8
41.0
40.6
44.3
46.0
39.5
38.3
38.4
41.6
42.2
43.0
41.5
41.4
42.3
42.8
40.5
42.0
41.7
40.9
42.6
44.6
39.6
39.7
40.2
40.7
42.6
43.3
41.6
40.7
42.4
42.7
41.2
42.4
42.0
42.0
42.3
45.8
39.7
39.5
39.6
41.0
43.1
44.0
41.3
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
42.1
42.9
41.0
41.1
42.3
42.5
41.5
41.3
41.4
40.0
42.4
44.0
38.8
38.4
38.5
41.3
4.8
5.1
4.3
5.4
5.3
5.6
3.9
4.4
3.7
4.3
5.0
6.2
3.3
2.4
2.2
3.9
5.1
5.5
4.4
5.0
5.4
5.7
4.1
4.6
3.4
5.1
5.9
6.2
3.5
2.6
2.5
3.8
5.0
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.1
5.6
3.2
4.7
4.0
4.5
4.8
5.6
3.8
3.2
3.1
3.6
5.2
5.5
4.6
5.3
5.1
5.5
3.7
4.9
4.3
5.4
4.7
6.3
3.6
2.9
2.7
3.9
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
40.5
39.2
39.5
38.1
39.9
38.8
42.1
41.2
43.1
41.6
41.6
40.3
40.7
39.9
41.2
40.1
44.4
41.4
43.4
43.1
40.7
39.9
40.1
39.6
41.0
39.3
42.4
40.3
42.6
41.5
41.3
40.2
40.4
39.9
41.8
38.6
44.0
40.8
42.9
42.9
41.8
3.5
2.7
2.9
2.0
3.2
2.8
3.9
5.0
4.7
4.3
3.9
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.8
3.6
5.0
5.3
4.5
4.7
3.8
3.3
3.2
3.0
4.6
4.0
4.6
3.8
4.7
4.1
3.9
3.2
3.1
3.1
5.0
3.2
5.5
3.8
4.7
5.2
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Dec.
1997P
38.4
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
172
173
174
175
176
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
See footnotes at end of table.
98
5.4
5.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
$12.00
$12.06
$12.43
$12.51
$12.51
$414.00
$420.89
$430.08
$435.35
$435.35
14.18
564.28
573.91
586.98
584.15
595.56
16.43
712.99
733.70
735.03
745.29
740.99
13.63
13.73
14.11
14.11
15.67
15.95
16.19
16.38
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
17.75
19.11
16.36
17.79
18.59
16.09
17.93
18.94
16.47
18.25
19.74
16.51
773.90
819.82
728.02
789.88
843.99
730.49
783.54
871.24
744.44
810.30
911.99
749.55
Coalmining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
18.83
19.17
19.14
19.51
18.99
19.28
19.13
19.41
866.18
881.82
884.27
901.36
856.45
869.53
866.59
881.21
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
14.88
19.91
12.47
15.29
20.90
12.51
15.72
21.53
13.27
15.93
21.83
13.33
672.58
830.25
588.58
701.81
911.24
590.47
701.11
884.88
614.40
723.22
938.69
619.85
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
13.88
13.29
13.83
13.22
14.38
13.65
14.36
13.68
649.58
640.58
645.86
643.81
698.87
689.33
672.05
663.48
15.62
15.66
16.30
16.25
606.06
604.48
647.11
614.25
15
152
153
154
14.81
13.58
14.23
15.92
14.96
13.75
14.18
16.03
15.48
14.48
15.43
16.41
15.48
14.36
15.20
16.55
564.26
498.39
559.24
625.66
569.98
497.75
545.93
637.99
599.08
544.45
590.97
653.12
582.05
525.58
566.96
638.83
16
161
162
15.24
15.22
15.25
14.76
14.49
14.86
16.14
16.33
16.04
15.73
15.73
15.72
646.18
636.20
649.65
611.06
592.64
619.66
713.39
741.38
699.34
618.19
586.73
630.37
17
15.98
16.29
14.21
17.34
15.75
15.68
13.70
16.12
16.50
14.29
17.48
15.95
15.64
13.82
16.61
16.92
14.85
17.92
16.49
16.32
14.46
16.63
16.79
14.87
17.98
16.49
16.39
14.55
610.44
638.57
521.51
688.40
555.98
564.48
475.39
614.17
651.75
527.30
709.69
567.82
558.35
464.35
647.79
670.03
561.33
716.80
600.24
595.68
523.45
623.63
659.85
538.29
712.01
575.50
586.76
477.24
12.93
13.49
10.57
11.92
10.67
11.05
9.18
10.66
10.76
10.22
13.07
13.64
10.61
11.93
10.80
11.20
13.29
13.89
10.86
12.36
10.89
11.32
9.15
10.98
11.15
10.59
9.54
13.15
8.53
11.14
11.33
10.19
13.36
13.96
10.90
12.41
10.94
11.37
9.21
11.04
11.16
10.74
9.62
13.24
8.51
11.12
11.31
10.24
13.46
14.05
10.90
544.35
578.72
433.37
489.91
451.34
469.63
380.97
440.26
445.46
408.80
393.05
569.80
317.00
412.80
420.42
416.30
559.40
594.70
437.13
474.81
460.08
478.24
391.28
446.01
436.65
421.02
414.65
598.92
326.67
410.96
419.71
423.49
560.84
597.27
450.69
511.70
460.65
484.50
370.58
461.16
464.96
433.13
406.40
586.49
337.79
442.26
455.47
414.73
569.14
604.47
453.44
505.09
463.86
485.50
379.45
468.10
468.72
451.08
406.93
606.39
337.85
439.24
447.88
419.84
580.13
618.20
450.17
10.67
10.08
10.69
10.10
10.81
9.60
10.75
9.82
10.70
11.77
11.67
11.35
10.76
433.89
397.36
379.32
429.32
374.10
424.66
506.16
474.03
480.00
451.69
434.27
402.19
385.36
425.30
400.98
414.22
498.20
465.06
487.77
436.58
441.50
406.02
387.84
428.93
410.48
413.02
517.88
476.14
486.92
461.60
451.86
9.61
10.74
9.78
10.54
11.75
11.54
11.45
10.52
416.34
379.85
366.56
400.05
365.09
396.54
469.42
461.44
478.84
430.56
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
,
,
,
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
,
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
,
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
171
172
173
174
175
176
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
9.27
12.95
8.17
10.75
10.92
10.08
9.25
10.67
10.65
10.37
9.36
13.02
8.27
10.73
10.93
10.18
10.28
9.69
9.28
10.50
9.15
10.22
10.43
9.86
9.32
11.15
11.20
11.40
11.45
11.11
11.06
10.48
10.35
10.76
9.08
10.59
See footnotes at end of table.
99
16.33
627.07
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
43.5
45.6
43.3
44.3
42.6
41.7
44.9
42.1
41.6
44.5
45.9
43.8
44.0
43.3
43.2
46.1
43.1
47.0
42.8
44.3
41.8
42.5
45.1
42.4
41.5
43.2
44.6
43.4
41.9
44.0
43.8
48.0
43.9
46.6
42.1
44.3
40.8
43.0
44.5
42.3
41.3
45.7
47.0
44.4
45.9
42.6
42.5
46.5
43.2
45.9
43.0
44.9
41.9
42.8
45.7
43.1
42.2
43.1
45.0
43.0
41.9
43.5
43.5
47.6
43.5
5.9
7.2
5.2
6.1
4.6
3.9
4.8
4.9
4.6
7.4
8.0
6.3
7.6
5.6
4.6
5.9
5.6
7.8
4.9
6.3
3.9
4.5
5.2
4.9
4.4
6.5
7.2
5.7
6.5
5.7
4.4
5.8
6.4
8.0
4.7
6.4
3.6
5.6
5.5
4.6
5.1
8.2
9.3
6.9
8.7
5.2
3.8
5.4
5.8
7.2
5.0
6.4
4.1
5.6
5.6
4.8
5.7
6.3
7.5
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.2
8.4
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
, 3353
3357
336
3365
44.5
45.1
45.7
44.1
45.0
45.6
45.0
43.6
43.3
42.5
44.8
44.9
46.6
44.4
42.9
43.2
45.3
45.1
45.5
45.5
46.6
47.3
44.9
43.9
43.7
43.0
45.6
45.7
46.7
45.1
44.2
44.1
45.1
45.0
45.6
44.9
46.4
46.8
54.0
45.3
44.4
44.4
45.5
44.1
47.0
45.6
43.9
43.9
45.5
45.5
45.9
45.2
46.5
47.5
54.6
44.1
45.0
44.6
46.1
45.3
47.5
46.3
44.0
44.0
46.1
45.7
6.5
6.6
7.0
6.2
6.3
7.1
5.1
5.0
6.0
6.1
7.4
8.2
7.8
7.0
5.1
5.2
6.6
6.2
6.3
7.5
6.9
7.8
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.7
7.7
8.7
7.0
7.3
5.7
5.9
7.0
7.0
7.5
6.8
7.5
8.3
10.0
5.9
6.1
6.2
8.0
7.4
10.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
7.1
6.8
7.1
7.1
7.6
8.6
10.7
5.7
6.6
6.6
8.1
7.9
10.6
7.8
5.6
5.6
43.0
43.4
43.8
43.2
43.5
42.7
42.5
43.2
43.4
42.7
44.0
41.7
43.9
41.9
41.0
43.8
42.9
44.8
44.0
44.5
44.5
42.7
42.2
41.8
42.8
41.5
42.2
42.5
42.5
40.9
43.6
44.1
44.6
44.0
43.3
43.8
44.9
46.6
43.0
42.9
44.2
40.8
44.8
42.3
41.5
44.7
43.4
46.2
44.8
45.1
45.7
43.0
43.0
42.7
43.5
41.7
42.8
43.1
44.0
41.3
42.9
43.0
43.3
43.4
43.3
43.6
42.7
43.1
42.3
42.4
43.0
41.7
43.3
41.4
42.0
44.1
42.6
45.9
44.0
45.1
44.7
42.3
41.7
41.1
42.7
39.8
40.6
42.6
42.8
40.5
43.3
43.1
43.4
44.2
44.2
44.4
42.0
41.5
42.6
42.8
43.5
41.6
44.3
41.6
42.3
44.6
43.2
46.2
44.6
46.3
45.3
42.6
41.8
41.3
42.7
41.1
41.5
43.4
43.4
40.9
44.0
5.1
6.3
6.2
4.7
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.1
6.1
5.0
6.2
4.2
5.5
4.3
3.6
5.6
4.8
6.5
5.9
6.1
6.3
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.3
3.5
3.7
4.6
4.9
4.1
5.5
5.9
5.8
5.0
4.7
5.1
5.3
4.9
5.7
5.1
6.3
3.8
6.3
4.3
4.1
6.3
5.2
7.6
6.5
6.8
7.3
4.9
5.5
5.2
6.0
3.7
3.8
5.0
5.1
4.1
5.3
6.1
6.1
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.6
5.0
6.0
4.0
5.5
4.3
4.4
6.2
5.4
7.1
6.5
7.1
7.3
4.8
5.1
4.8
5.7
3.4
3.3
4.7
5.0
3.5
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.5
4.7
4.4
5.0
5.2
6.5
3.8
6.0
4.4
4.5
6.4
5.8
7.2
6.7
7.7
7.3
5.2
5.1
4.8
5.6
3.6
3.8
5.1
5.2
3.4
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
,
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
,
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
See footnotes at end of table.
100
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
1987
SIC
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
$12.96
18.29
14.66
15.26
14.24
11.75
17.56
11.46
11.14
12.37
11.76
10.92
13.17
13.41
11.38
15.57
$12.93
18.17
14.67
15.43
14.12
11.80
17.14
11.52
11.27
12.24
11.72
10.95
12.97
13.43
11.54
15.41
$13.32
19.17
15.02
15.82
14.49
11.86
17.59
11.41
11.55
12.90
12.49
11.47
13.71
13.69
12.13
15.55
$13.37
18.90
15.14
15.81
14.70
12.13
18.32
11.47
11.65
12.76
12.37
11.39
13.53
13.78
12.27
15.90
$13.41
$563.76
834.02
634.78
676.02
606.62
489.98
788.44
482.47
463.42
550.47
539.78
478.30
579.48
580.65
491.62
717.78
$557.28
853.99
627.88
683.55
590.22
501.50
773.01
488.45
467.71
528.77
522.71
475.23
543.44
590.92
505.45
739.68
$584.75
893.32
632.34
700.83
591.19
509.98
782.76
482.64
477.02
589.53
587.03
509.27
629.29
583.19
515.53
723.08
$577.58
867.51
651.02
709.87
615.93
519.16
837.22
494.36
491.63
549.96
556.65
489.77
566.91
599.43
533.75
756.84
$583.34
15.18
18.05
19.69
14.04
13.62
14.48
16.31
12.38
16.81
17.18
14.35
14.29
16.73
14.41
11.96
11.37
15.15
17.92
19.48
14.26
13.70
14.51
16.45
12.69
16.53
16.78
14.46
14.36
16.62
14.68
12.06
11.43
15.34
18.22
19.95
14.04
14.01
15.01
15.07
12.74
16.74
16.80
14.57
14.60
17.22
14.64
12.01
11.61
15.35
18.14
19.80
14.14
14.11
15.11
15.13
12.82
16.95
17.02
14.58
14.77
16.83
14.63
12.02
11.56
15.35
18.04
675.51
814.06
899.83
619.16
612.90
660.29
733.95
539.77
727.87
730.15
642.88
641.62
779.62
639.80
513.08
491.18
686.30
808.19
886.34
648.83
638.42
686.32
738.61
557.09
722.36
721.54
659.38
656.25
776.15
662.07
533.05
504.06
691.83
819.90
909.72
630.40
650.06
702.47
813.78
577.12
743.26
745.92
662.94
643.86
809.34
667.58
527.24
509.68
698.43
825.37
908.82
639.13
656.12
717.73
826.10
565.36
762.75
759.09
672.14
669.08
799.43
677.37
528.88
508.64
707.64
824.43
12.62
16.01
16.93
12.57
11.74
12.51
11.57
11.15
11.82
11.87
11.99
10.18
13.11
12.05
11.24
12.51
11.89
13.19
14.87
14.19
17.12
11.95
10.58
10.37
10.91
14.48
15.68
12.02
12.20
10.70
12.79
16.15
17.12
12.62
11.79
12.56
11.57
11.28
11.73
12.04
12.01
10.24
13.32
12.25
11.66
12.75
12.09
13.46
15.14
14.18
17.51
12.08
10.74
10.64
10.89
14.67
15.68
12.22
12.42
10.89
12.90
16.19
17.14
12.38
12.11
12.53
11.90
11.67
11.91
12.22
12.41
10.36
13.54
12.49
11.63
12.91
12.33
13.53
15.29
14.43
17.80
12.30
10.87
10.71
11.13
15.25
16.00
12.29
12.57
10.87
12.96
16.18
17.18
12.33
12.08
12.49
11.95
11.71
11.84
12.31
12.51
10.46
13.67
12.53
11.70
13.06
12.47
13.71
15.36
14.53
17.81
12.40
10.86
10.76
11.02
15.49
16.52
12.35
12.54
10.91
13.08
542.66
694.83
741.53
543.02
510.69
534.18
491.73
481.68
512.99
506.85
527.56
424.51
575.53
504.90
460.84
547.94
510.08
590.91
654.28
631.46
761.84
510.27
446.48
433.47
466.95
600.92
661.70
510.85
518.50
437.63
557.64
712.22
763.55
555.28
510.51
550.13
519.49
525.65
504.39
516.52
530.84
417.79
596.74
518.18
483.89
569.93
524.71
621.85
678.27
639.52
800.21
519.44
461.82
454.33
473.72
611.74
671.10
526.68
546.48
449.76
553.41
696.17
742.16
537.29
524.36
546.31
508.13
502.98
503.79
518.13
533.63
432.01
586.28
517.09
488.46
569.33
525.26
621.03
672.76
650.79
795.66
520.29
453.28
440.18
475.25
606.95
649.60
523.55
538.00
440.24
561.17
697.36
745.61
544.99
533.94
554.56
501.90
485.97
504.38
526.87
544.19
435.14
605.58
521.25
494.91
582.48
538.70
633.40
685.06
672.74
806.79
528.24
453.95
444.39
470.55
636.64
685.58
535.99
544.24
446.22
575.52
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1996
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
44.4
45.7
44.7
46.0
43.5
44.0
45.6
44.5
44.6
51.1
44.4
43.0
45.2
45.0
47.0
45.3
44.2
42.7
44.0
42.8
43.2
44.2
44.7
44.6
44.8
44.0
44.9
46.1
42.9
43.2
43.4
43.3
44.6
42.3
45.4
41.9
42.6
44.9
44.2
42.0
49.8
42.6
42.2
44.0
43.8
44.7
44.1
43.0
42.2
43.2
41.3
41.6
42.1
43.1
41.7
43.8
42.5
43.4
44.5
42.6
41.7
41.7
44.0
44.9
43.2
45.5
42.9
43.7
44.9
44.1
42.6
49.4
43.4
42.2
44.5
44.6
46.0
44.4
43.7
43.7
43.6
41.6
43.1
42.1
43.7
42.7
43.9
44.1
44.3
44.4
43.1
42.5
42.6
44.9
3571
43.3
44.6
43.0
45.2
42.5
42.9
44.7
43.5
43.9
50.5
43.4
41.3
43.8
44.1
45.0
43.8
43.3
41.3
42.9
42.2
41.7
42.7
43.1
42.4
43.3
43.0
43.8
43.5
41.7
42.0
42.1
5.2
5.8
5.9
5.8
4.6
5.0
6.1
4.9
5.4
10.4
6.0
3.8
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.6
4.9
4.4
4.9
3.6
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.2
5.6
4.7
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.1
1.8
5.9
7.1
6.9
7.2
5.6
6.0
6.7
6.1
6.0
10.0
6.0
5.1
6.9
6.7
7.5
7.5
5.5
4.9
5.5
3.9
4.9
6.1
5.9
6.0
6.8
6.0
5.0
6.4
5.0
4.1
3.5
5.5
6.5
4.4
7.2
4.4
5.0
6.1
5.2
4.5
10.1
4.9
4.6
6.4
6.3
6.2
7.0
4.8
4.3
5.5
3.9
4.5
4.6
5.3
4.4
6.7
4.7
4.5
6.2
5.6
3.9
3.2
5.9
6.8
5.8
7.2
5.0
5.5
6.3
5.3
4.8
10.3
5.5
4.6
6.6
6.6
7.0
7.1
5.1
5.3
5.7
4.4
5.5
4.7
5.6
5.1
6.8
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.8
4.4
4.1
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
40.8
42.7
42.6
43.1
42.4
42.9
41.9
44.3
44.7
43.8
42.8
43.5
42.0
43.6
43.8
42.9
40.6
42.8
41.8
44.8
45.5
43.6
41.5
43.3
3.6
4.4
4.4
5.4
5.3
5.4
3.9
5.1
5.1
5.9
5.8
5.8
4.9
4.7
4.8
5.8
4.7
5.9
5.4
5.3
5.8
6.3
4.9
6.3
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
42.1
42.1
41.6
42.7
41.6
41.1
41.6
42.1
41.2
42.9
43.0
43.0
44.8
42.5
43.6
40.7
41.3
41.5
42.8
44.1
41.7
40.8
40.5
42.3
42.7
44.5
42.3
42.9
42.9
42.8
43.1
42.8
43.0
41.8
42.6
41.9
42.5
41.9
43.2
44.8
42.2
43.4
41.8
41.0
40.0
44.2
45.3
42.5
36.3
41.8
43.8
43.6
44.7
43.8
41.9
41.6
42.4
40.9
41.4
41.5
40.7
41.1
40.0
41.6
42.4
42.2
42.8
41.0
42.2
40.6
42.5
41.8
42.8
44.6
41.6
40.1
42.1
41.1
42.5
43.4
42.7
42.5
42.8
43.6
42.0
42.5
42.1
42.2
41.1
39.9
41.3
42.2
42.2
42.4
41.8
42.8
39.4
43.5
41.8
43.6
45.6
42.3
41.2
43.2
42.1
43.3
43.9
43.2
4.3
4.4
3.5
5.4
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.4
1.5
3.2
4.2
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.3
3.6
4.7
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.9
6.2
4.6
4.7
4.9
3.9
6.0
3.9
3.6
4.2
3.9
2.2
2.8
3.9
4.9
5.4
4.6
3.5
4.2
4.6
3.9
4.9
5.4
4.8
3.5
4.8
4.7
5.6
6.5
5.6
4.4
4.4
3.8
4.9
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
2.9
3.6
4.1
4.8
5.3
4.5
3.7
3.3
5.7
3.8
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
3.8
5.1
5.7
5.6
4.7
4.9
4.6
5.2
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.2
2.1
2.2
4.0
4.7
4.9
4.8
3.7
3.4
5.8
3.9
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.8
5.0
4.6
5.3
5.3
5.7
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
102
43.2
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
$13.80
16.57
18.97
15.74
13.86
14.74
13.28
13.59
14.53
12.99
13.33
12.30
14.64
14.49
15.25
15.25
12.87
12.30
14.24
12.36
15.23
14.02
13.60
14.52
14.69
14.16
11.40
14.45
13.10
14.06
15.47
$13.97
17.04
19.42
16.20
14.04
15.21
13.45
13.85
14.54
13.02
13.41
12.60
14.81
14.71
15.36
15.43
13.01
12.32
14.39
12.48
15.34
14.12
13.66
14.51
14.84
14.15
11.38
14.39
13.18
14.31
15.78
$14.22
16.67
19.47
15.75
13.98
14.66
13.49
13.78
14.55
13.33
13.54
12.58
15.05
14.82
15.32
15.82
13.16
12.21
14.75
12.91
15.19
14.55
13.88
14.55
15.13
14.58
11.63
14.92
13.28
14.61
16.15
$14.30
17.09
20.02
16.10
13.97
14.75
13.60
14.05
14.37
13.37
13.66
12.64
15.07
14.79
15.46
15.80
13.21
12.40
14.86
12.91
15.96
14.52
13.92
14.61
15.21
14.82
11.66
14.92
13.32
14.76
16.28
$14.40
$597.54
739.02
815.71
711.45
589.05
632.35
593.62
591.17
637.87
656.00
578.52
507.99
641.23
639.01
686.25
667.95
557.27
507.99
610.90
521.59
635.09
598.65
586.16
615.65
636.08
608.88
499.32
628.58
546.27
590.52
651.29
$620.27
778.73
868.07
745.20
610.74
669.24
613.32
616.33
648.48
665.32
595.40
541.80
669.41
661.95
721.92
698.98
575.04
526.06
633.16
534.14
662.69
624.10
610.60
647.15
664.83
622.60
510.96
663.38
565.42
618.19
684.85
$615.73
743.48
823.58
715.05
585.76
624.52
605.70
609.08
611.10
663.83
576.80
530.88
662.20
649.12
684.80
697.66
565.88
515.26
637.20
533.18
631.90
612.56
598.23
606.74
662.69
619.65
504.74
663.94
565.73
609.24
673.46
$629.20
767.34
864.86
732.55
599.31
644.58
610.64
619.61
612.16
660.48
592.84
533.41
670.62
659.63
711.16
701.52
577.28
541.88
647.90
537.06
687.88
611.29
608.30
623.85
667.72
653.56
516.54
662.45
574.09
627.30
693.53
$646.56
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596.9
13.34
12.43
12.67
13.32
14.02
13.11
13.39
12.59
12.80
13.49
14.43
13.27
13.46
13.08
13.53
13.85
14.49
13.67
13.80
13.25
13.72
13.89
14.53
13.75
544.27
530.76
539.74
574.09
594.45
562.42
561.04
557.74
572.16
590.86
617.60
577.25
565.32
570.29
592.61
594.17
588.29
585.08
576.84
593.60
624.26
605.60
603.00
595.38
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
12.36
12.29
11.26
13.33
11.75
11.00
13.01
12.22
13.71
14.08
9.83
12.48
15.08
12.64
11.44
8.79
10.37
10.46
13.39
14.48
12.11
13.60
15.72
10.23
13.51
14.92
13.66
12.54
12.35
11.39
13.36
11.97
11.24
13.34
12.26
13.99
14.22
9.96
12.70
15.36
12.72
11.33
8.94
10.34
10.33
13.76
15.08
12.25
14.42
15.83
10.42
13.72
15.13
13.92
12.91
12.71
11.88
13.51
12.28
11.45
13.82
12.39
13.48
14.57
10.68
12.77
16.10
13.02
11.37
8.86
11.50
10.92
13.90
14.96
12.86
15.04
17.01
10.48
13.89
15.28
14.01
12.96
12.90
11.88
13.89
12.37
11.47
14.01
12.33
13.30
14.09
10.61
12.81
16.02
13.11
11.38
8.99
11.64
11.09
13.83
14.84
12.91
15.14
16.89
10.63
13.94
15.06
14.21
520.36
517.41
468.42
569.19
488.80
452.10
541.22
514.46
564.85
604.03
422.69
536.64
675.58
537.20
498.78
357.75
428.28
434.09
573.09
638.57
504.99
554.88
636.66
432.73
576.88
663.94
577.82
537.97
529.82
487.49
575.82
512.32
483.32
557.61
522.28
586.18
604.35
417.32
548.64
688.13
536.78
491.72
373.69
423.94
413.20
608.19
683.12
520.63
523.45
661.69
456.40
598.19
676.31
609.70
540.93
528.74
503.71
552.56
508.39
475.18
562.47
509.23
539.20
606.11
452.83
538.89
689.08
533.82
479.81
359.72
488.75
456.46
594.92
667.22
534.98
603.10
716.12
430.73
590.33
663.15
598.23
550.80
552.12
517.97
583.38
525.73
482.89
591.22
506.76
530.67
581.92
447.74
540.58
679.25
548.00
487.06
354.21
506.34
463.56
602.99
676.70
546.09
623.77
729.65
447.52
603.60
661.13
613.87
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
369
3691
3694
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
103
12.99
561.17
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38
381
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
44.5
45.2
45.7
43.3
45.5
40.8
44.6
43.7
45.2
45.3
42.8
44.8
39.7
44.4
43.9
44.4
38.5
37.8
45.6
46.5
47.1
44.7
46.9
41.5
45.6
44.2
47.0
46.6
43.0
45.0
39.9
43.9
44.1
44.9
397
37.7
44.6
45.1
45.7
41.6
45.3
41.7
44.9
44.7
44.9
45.3
42.0
43.5
39.9
44.3
42.9
42.9
40.9
40.2
44.6
44.9
44.1
44.2
45.8
42.2
45.5
45.2
45.4
46.1
41.7
43.2
39.7
45.3
42.5
41.8
40.9
39.6
45.9
46.6
6.5
6.8
7.2
5.7
7.1
3.2
7.9
8.3
8.0
7.2
4.2
5.0
3.0
4.8
4.3
4.2
2.7
1.7
7.2
7.8
8.1
6.0
8.2
4.2
8.1
8.4
7.7
8.1
4.5
5.3
3.1
5.0
4.7
4.9
3.2
1.8
6.7
7.2
7.7
5.0
7.6
3.6
7.1
7.1
6.7
7.4
4.1
5.1
2.8
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.5
2.3
6.7
7.1
6.7
6.6
7.7
3.9
7.6
7.3
8.0
7.8
4.6
5.7
2.9
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.6
2.5
43.0
44.7
43.7
43.8
43.7
43.5
42.1
42.0
42.2
41.7
43.3
42.0
41.9
43.9
41.6
39.8
42.1
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.0
40.7
42.8
41.7
42.6
44.4
42.7
42.0
43.0
42.5
42.3
42.2
41.7
41.5
42.7
39.7
43.3
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.6
2.8
8.8
3.0
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.9
4.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.0
8.3
2.8
3.9
4.2
3.5
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.7
3.7
3.6
2.8
7.0
3.3
4.2
4.6
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.0
3.6
4.1
2.6
6.3
2.0
Nov.
1997P
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
42.2
43.6
42.4
42.3
42.9
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.3
41.1
43.5
41.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
40.6
41.0
40.8
41.2
40.6
38.8
41.6
41.0
40.4
40.3
40.4
41.0
41.1
40.2
40.0
41.8
41.3
38.9
42.5
41.8
41.7
41.9
40.9
41.8
40.8
41.9
41.9
40.9
39.9
40.2
39.8
39.8
40.0
39.9
41.3
42.4
41.0
41.9
41.8
41.7
40.9
40.5
41.1
40.4
39.7
38.8
41.1
42.0
41.3
3.7
4.0
4.2
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
2.7
2.9
2.3
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.7
4.1
4.1
3.0
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.6
4.1
4.9
4.4
5.2
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.2
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.4
3.2
4.3
4.6
41.2
41.6
41.1
41.5
41.8
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
41.8
41.3
43.9
42.6
39.3
41.5
40.7
43.1
40.4
43.3
40.4
39.0
47.2
47.2
44.6
42.0
40.8
43.0
41.8
39.1
41.8
41.0
42.8
42.4
45.0
41.4
40.5
47.5
46.4
44.9
41.8
41.4
43.3
43.2
39.7
41.9
41.4
42.6
41.7
44.7
41.6
40.1
45.6
45.7
44.4
42.2
41.8
44.3
43.5
39.7
42.4
41.8
43.6
41.8
45.2
41.6
41.1
46.0
48.7
43.4
42.4
5.2
5.0
6.2
6.0
4.0
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.4
5.1
3.9
4.0
8.4
8.7
6.9
5.0
4.3
5.2
5.5
3.3
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.2
6.9
3.8
4.6
8.2
7.1
7.2
5.5
5.1
6.0
6.3
4.1
4.9
4.4
5.2
5.8
8.5
6.6
4.3
7.8
7.6
6.7
5.5
5.3
6.5
6.9
4.0
5.1
4.6
5.7
5.4
8.2
5.2
4.5
7.6
9.3
6.2
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
See footnotes at end of table.
104
Dec.
1997P
4.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
$17.57
18.12
21.54
15.63
16.72
11.19
18.80
(2)
$17.92
18.50
22.32
15.33
17.07
11.39
19.05
(2)
18.76
16.81
13.13
14.47
11.03
16.88
19.64
(2)
$772.08
806.82
971.58
677.21
750.75
450.43
834.91
$801.19
842.58
1,014.53
698.66
784.17
464.39
857.28
$799.23
834.35
1,020.02
637.73
773.27
474.96
855.35
$801.91
833.34
981.67
707.64
789.13
468.00
869.51
$830.79
869.56
838.91
751.53
558.11
646.02
422.01
745.92
831.91
869.50
775.89
563.30
648.00
430.92
742.79
845.84
842.32
761.49
551.46
629.45
440.10
747.78
842.56
874.40
774.02
547.52
623.38
440.27
768.74
840.23
11.62
11.52
$17.98
18.56
22.26
16.01
17.23
11.09
19.11
(2)
19.26
16.79
13.13
14.43
11.09
16.97
19.77
(2)
11.65
11.57
$18.10
18.66
379
3792
$17.35
17.85
21.26
15.64
16.50
11.04
18.72
(2)
18.56
16.59
13.04
14.42
10.63
16.80
18.95
(2)
11.44
11.24
440.44
424.87
459.33
424.88
475.26
463.10
476.49
458.17
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
13.34
16.93
13.34
11.78
12.89
15.27
12.19
11.55
11.32
10.10
15.96
9.51
13.39
17.10
13.38
11.73
13.01
15.27
12.29
11.64
11.40
10.06
15.93
9.44
13.63
17.10
13.70
11.63
13.42
15.80
12.67
12.01
11.77
10.11
15.90
9.92
13.71
17.22
13.78
11.76
13.47
16.12
12.75
12.01
11.92
10.19
15.85
10.02
13.74
562.95
738.15
565.62
498.29
552.98
632.18
507.10
477.02
467.52
415.11
694.26
398.47
575.77
764.37
584.71
513.77
568.54
664.25
517.41
488.88
481.08
419.50
689.77
396.48
571.10
750.69
569.92
462.87
564.98
657.28
528.34
500.82
482.57
411.48
680.52
413.66
584.05
764.57
588.41
493.92
579.21
685.10
539.33
506.82
497.06
422.89
676.80
397.79
594.94
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942.4
3949
395
396
3961
399
10.52
10.65
10.74
10.83
11.13
11.24
10.70
3993
427.11
446.90
450.02
430.54
406.41
367.44
427.65
449.77
370.87
326.03
440.76
469.04
435.25
442.60
447.20
443.08
410.94
366.83
433.50
458.13
378.22
330.59
453.17
480.28
434.52
462.16
467.60
435.99
400.60
381.50
411.53
443.77
378.80
341.94
453.89
497.35
440.34
466.35
469.83
446.19
418.82
392.85
432.37
453.69
379.93
337.17
453.74
492.66
447.28
11.03
11.16
9.47
10.28
10.97
9.18
8.09
10.91
10.59
11.01
11.18
10.60
9.95
9.43
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
10.90
11.03
10.45
10.01
18.50
16.65
13.10
14.40
10.80
16.92
19.18
(2)
11.57
11.27
10.20
10.96
9.07
10.24
9.70
10.52
11.08
9.47
8.57
10.99
11.23
9.57
8.69
11.04
11.44
11.49
11.73
11.73
12.12
12.24
12.40
12.48
12.58
499.34
509.18
509.64
517.92
525.84
11.38
9.30
10.01
10.55
8.35
13.00
11.58
13.77
10.78
14.24
11.32
10.12
14.49
12.57
11.30
11.46
9.31
10.07
10.64
8.30
12.99
11.66
13.68
11.02
14.43
12.00
10.22
14.55
12.43
11.24
11.45
9.43
10.06
10.70
8.54
13.32
12.10
14.04
10.79
14.06
11.18
10.18
14.57
12.89
11.46
11.56
9.47
10.12
10.80
8.52
13.39
12.18
14.08
11.06
14.87
11.69
10.27
14.62
13.10
11.59
11.68
475.68
384.09
439.44
449.43
328.16
539.50
471.31
593.49
435.51
616.59
457.33
394.68
683.93
593.30
503.98
481.32
379.85
433.01
444.75
324.53
542.98
478.06
585.50
467.25
649.35
496.80
413.91
691.13
576.75
504.68
478.61
390.40
435.60
462.24
339.04
558.11
500.94
598.10
449.94
628.48
465.09
408.22
664.39
589.07
508.82
487.83
395.85
448.32
469.80
338.24
567.74
509.12
613.89
462.31
672.12
486.30
422.10
672.52
637.97
503.01
495.23
7.89
See footnotes at end of table.
10.66
10.04
9.49
10.34
11.15
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
205
2051
41.7
40.6
41.1
40.5
40.6
40.0
2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
43.5
42.5
60.6
52.5
41.5
40.2
46.4
43.6
51.0
40.4
39.4
42.1
43.2
57.2
49.1
43.1
42.0
46.0
44.5
49.5
42.6
39.3
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
41.2
41.3
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
41.3
40.9
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
41.7
41.5
47.7
49.1
40.7
40.4
42.8
43.0
45.7
41.9
41.5
42.1
43.0
64.2
53.9
39.8
40.9
44.5
43.3
49.4
40.8
40.1
5.5
5.4
21.2
17.0
4.1
3.4
7.6
5.3
9.8
3.9
4.4
5.5
5.5
19.4
11.9
4.5
4.2
7.0
4.8
7.7
4.1
4.4
4.9
5.2
9.7
12.1
5.7
4.1
6.7
5.2
7.3
4.5
6.0
5.1
5.9
19.3
15.9
4.1
4.4
7.3
5.0
9.2
3.5
5.0
41.9
42.3
39.7
38.4
39.5
37.9
40.8
4.4
5.1
4.6
5.7
3.2
3.2
2.8
2.4
41.7
42.7
41.6
40.6
40.3
40.8
41.0
39.0
41.2
40.1
42.3
43.4
44.5
42.4
42.5
41.3
41.7
38.9
41.3
42.0
42.9
42.3
42.4
39.3
40.3
41.0
38.7
40.5
36.3
42.7
44.4
45.7
43.1
43.3
41.7
42.2
38.9
42.6
41.4
42.2
42.3
39.8
39.8
40.2
38.7
38.0
41.3
39.6
40.7
42.1
42.4
42.5
41.4
41.8
42.4
39.0
42.6
41.9
42.4
42.8
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.3
38.8
41.1
41.3
39.3
42.8
43.4
43.2
43.1
42.1
42.8
39.3
42.4
42.1
4.7
6.1
5.0
4.8
3.2
3.9
4.6
3.4
3.9
2.7
4.6
5.9
6.4
5.4
5.2
4.3
4.5
3.3
4.1
5.0
5.9
5.3
6.1
3.0
3.9
4.5
3.4
3.3
2.2
5.4
6.8
7.4
5.9
5.9
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.9
4.7
6.0
5.7
4.1
2.6
3.6
2.4
2.7
3.8
3.2
4.7
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
5.1
3.4
4.9
4.9
5.7
5.8
4.7
3.2
3.6
2.9
3.2
3.5
2.7
4.4
5.7
5.9
5.7
6.0
5.0
5.4
3.4
4.9
37.9
37.6
37.4
36.0
36.5
38.2
36.6
34.7
38.1
34.8
36.8
37.3
36.7
39.3
37.9
36.9
38.5
40.1
38.4
40.2
40.7
37.6
37.9
37.0
35.9
35.8
38.1
36.1
36.2
37.2
37.7
35.6
37.6
37.9
36.8
37.0
37.0
38.6
39.6
36.6
40.1
40.3
37.6
37.9
37.3
37.2
36.5
38.2
36.0
35.1
37.6
36.8
35.6
37.2
38.2
34.3
37.3
38.3
38.9
39.6
36.3
40.5
40.0
38.2
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
37.7
36.6
37.4
36.5
36.6
37.5
36.6
35.9
38.1
35.0
36.6
37.8
37.8
37.9
37.4
36.9
38.7
39.0
38.0
39.3
38.8
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.1
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.5
2.1
3.7
2.4
2.5
1.9
3.2
2.2
3.9
2.9
2.4
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
4.4
2.3
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.7
3.9
4.2
2.3
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.4
1.7
1.4
2.4
2.6
1.8
2.9
2.7
1.9
3.8
1.0
4.2
4.4
2.3
1.4
1.7
2.1
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.4
2.3
3.2
3.8
2.0
3.7
1.5
4.1
3.9
26
262
263
44.1
46.2
44.3
44.5
46.5
45.3
43.8
45.3
44.5
44.3
45.3
44.7
44.9
5.9
7.0
7.6
6.0
6.6
7.5
6.1
6.8
7.7
6.2
6.6
7.3
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
106
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$12.08
12.23
$12.22
12.27
$12.39
12.66
209
11.82
12.06
12.13
18.61
12.10
11.01
12.18
16.51
22.47
13.28
10.31
12.14
11.96
12.39
17.66
12.54
10.84
12.29
16.08
21.08
13.47
10.55
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
18.60
24.78
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$12.47
12.65
$503.74
496.54
$502.24
496.94
$503.03
506.40
$515.01
517.39
11.91
12.39
11.08
18.25
12.30
11.61
12.61
15.96
22.00
13.45
10.20
12.14
12.55
11.56
18.38
12.84
11.71
10.95
16.40
22.89
13.35
10.37
514.17
512.55
735.08
977.03
502.15
442.60
565.15
719.84
1,145.97
536.51
406.21
511.09
516.67
708.71
867.11
540.47
455.28
565.34
715.56
1,043.46
573.82
414.62
496.65
514.19
528.52
896.08
500.61
469.04
539.71
686.28
1,005.40
563.56
423.30
511.09
539.65
742.15
990.68
511.03
478.94
487.28
710.12
1,130.77
544.68
415.84
18.67
25.23
17.95
24.97
17.79
24.66
$19.08
766.32
1,023.41
782.27
1,067.23
712.62
958.85
702.71
934.61
$778.46
10.10
10.60
10.16
10.62
10.25
11.09
10.67
9.28
9.19
8.58
9.21
8.59
9.35
10.05
10.42
10.27
11.00
10.43
10.38
10.15
9.86
9.89
9.97
10.20
11.59
11.72
416.64
440.58
458.96
432.90
362.35
365.12
341.12
346.37
349.11
330.69
423.58
449.77
462.03
449.53
436.03
399.90
403.01
383.55
489.47
418.14
447.32
468.26
420.29
363.77
366.22
331.27
345.80
348.99
380.16
398.05
438.68
435.45
467.50
420.21
412.15
419.34
388.83
493.73
425.70
450.29
474.65
433.20
376.77
373.11
345.77
357.35
353.05
386.16
394.97
446.40
450.49
470.45
439.62
417.21
425.43
392.61
496.93
431.53
11.07
10.56
9.14
9.11
8.56
9.10
8.45
9.60
9.78
407.41
431.27
447.62
410.87
369.15
361.90
349.32
344.76
342.37
349.67
410.31
434.43
444.11
439.69
421.60
394.42
396.15
382.78
465.45
9.77
9.92
10.10
10.76
10.12
10.27
9.16
8.87
8.52
8.84
8.31
8.72
9.70
9.22
9.06
8.32
8.95
8.62
9.11
9.92
10.01
10.13
10.11
10.43
10.07
9.98
10.37
9.92
9.55
9.50
9.84
11.27
10.85
10.21
9.59
9.55
9.86
11.49
Dec.
1997P
10.89
9.91
9.94
9.99
Dec.
1997P
8.15
8.37
7.61
7.50
7.66
7.55
7.66
6.84
8.49
7.92
7.54
7.78
7.55
8.47
7.21
7.15
7.63
9.39
7.63
8.53
11.72
8.32
8.48
7.78
7.67
7.88
7.68
8.03
7.09
9.07
8.04
7.91
7.92
7.75
8.42
7.69
7.36
7.90
9.25
8.32
8.90
10.97
8.34
8.56
7.85
7.70
8.03
7.75
7.99
7.14
8.96
7.86
7.90
8.01
7.76
8.81
7.79
7.43
7.97
9.23
8.26
8.91
11.00
8.44
301.98
303.41
280.50
269.74
278.16
277.13
277.06
239.81
320.42
270.90
273.40
294.46
285.77
324.05
275.64
267.53
296.83
355.29
283.86
337.19
431.84
308.89
314.71
284.61
270.00
279.59
288.41
280.36
237.35
323.47
275.62
277.47
290.19
277.09
332.87
273.26
263.84
293.76
376.54
292.99
342.91
477.00
312.83
321.39
287.86
275.35
282.10
292.61
289.88
256.66
337.40
303.11
281.60
297.79
293.73
309.86
284.53
272.32
304.94
366.30
304.51
356.89
442.09
313.58
324.42
292.81
286.44
293.10
296.05
287.64
250.61
336.90
289.25
281.24
297.97
296.43
302.18
290.57
284.57
310.03
365.51
299.84
360.86
440.00
322.41
239
2391
2392
2396
8.01
8.29
7.50
7.39
7.60
7.39
7.57
6.68
8.41
7.74
7.47
7.79
7.56
8.55
7.37
7.25
7.67
9.11
7.47
8.58
11.13
26
262
263
14.86
18.75
18.86
14.95
18.75
19.19
15.19
19.37
19.02
15.25
19.43
19.03
15.29
655.33
866.25
835.50
665.28
871.88
869.31
665.32
877.46
846.39
675.58
880.18
850.64
686.52
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
2341
2342
236
2361
238
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
44.1
44.5
43.1
44.1
42.4
44.2
41.9
42.9
44.7
45.0
43.8
44.6
42.7
44.2
42.6
43.2
43.8
44.3
42.4
44.1
42.5
42.7
42.3
41.9
44.6
45.1
43.2
44.5
43.1
42.1
43.2
42.8
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
38.7
33.7
36.9
39.0
37.4
40.8
35.8
40.3
40.3
39.9
41.8
40.0
39.4
39.0
34.0
37.8
39.5
37.6
41.(5
36.1
40.5
40.4
40.0
43.0
40.9
39.6
38.9
33.2
37.5
40.6
37.6
43.9
36.4
40.6
40.4
40.6
42.4
39.9
39.5
39.2
33.8
37.8
40.2
38.6
42.0
36.6
41.0
40.8
40.8
43.6
39.7
40.3
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
269
43.7
47.2
47.2
44.4
45.2
44.9
41.9
41.9
41.7
41.6
41.6
41.8
42.6
45.1
45.0
45.1
45.4
43.8
44.4
47.1
47.3
45.1
46.8
45.2
42.5
42.4
43.2
44.3
42.7
42.9
43.5
45.7
47.8
45.2
44.9
44.4
43.3
47.3
46.6
43.4
44.2
42.8
41.5
41.7
41.3
42.1
41.4
41.0
43.3
44.3
42.4
44.8
45.9
43.4
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
44.0
44.2
44.0
43.9
44.6
41.8
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
41.6
42.8
41.5
42.5
43.3
42.7
41.3
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
308
316
317
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
5.9
6.3
4.3
6.2
4.8
4.4
5.0
4.8
6.1
6.4
5.0
6.2
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.2
6.0
6.4
4.5
6.4
5.2
4.3
5.0
4.4
6.4
6.9
4.7
6.4
5.6
4.5
5.5
4.7
39.3
3.6
1.7
2.8
3.1
1.8
4.6
2.7
4.4
4.3
3.9
4.4
3.2
4.3
3.5
1.6
3.0
4.0
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
4.2
3.9
5.2
3.3
4.3
3.7
1.5
2.9
3.9
2.3
5.7
2.8
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.5
3.2
4.3
3.8
1.8
3.1
4.3
2.5
6.2
2.8
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.8
2.9
4.9
43.7
47.4
47.0
43.9
44.7
43.4
41.9
42.2
42.0
43.8
42.0
41.3
42.8
44.8
43.3
45.2
45.1
44.0
43.8
5.2
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.1
5.0
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.3
4.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.3
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.3
5.3
5.3
3.8
4.7
3.5
3.5
4.0
6.5
7.8
6.1
5.7
5.3
5.3
6.5
6.4
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.0
4.9
3.6
4.0
3.5
3.5
5.0
6.1
4.4
6.5
6.9
5.3
5.5
6.4
6.2
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.5
3.8
5.0
3.6
3.4
4.5
6.3
4.5
6.7
7.0
5.7
43.3
42.9
45.0
43.4
44.1
41.5
41.5
6.3
5.5
5.7
5.3
7.3
6.7
5.8
9.6
5.9
5.6
6.8
42.6
45.1
40.8
43.3
43.8
43.9
42.1
41.9
43.9
43.6
42.5
43.1
42.7
41.6
42.5
44.7
41.6
43.0
44.2
43.7
42.0
43.1
4.4
6.1
1.9
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.2
4.7
6.1
0.6
5.3
5.8
5.3
4.5
4.7
6.5
4.5
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.5
4.9
6.7
3.3
5.2
5.7
5.4
4.6
39.3
43.0
38.1
38.0
38.8
40.1
39.5
39.3
43.2
37.9
37.4
38.8
42.0
37.9
38.6
40.6
37.8
38.8
36.4
38.5
40.2
38.5
42.7
36.4
35.6
38.2
40.2
40.9
38.6
2.4
6.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
2.6
2.5
2.4
6.3
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.9
1.1
2.4
4.5
1.9
2.6
0.5
2.6
3.5
2.3
4.6
1.5
1.6
1.0
3.2
3.4
32.6
33.0
32.8
33.0
32.9
39.8
39.9
39.8
40.3
39.7
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
108
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
,
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
$12.50
12.53
12.35
13.23
13.07
15.68
11.70
11.87
$12.61
12.61
12.56
13.30
13.13
15.17
11.95
11.89
$12.91
12.91
12.93
13.66
13.19
15.44
11.75
11.98
$12.96
12.95
12.85
13.78
13.33
15.64
12.03
12.00
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
12.83
12.72
14.00
12.23
11.70
12.76
12.39
13.05
13.27
12.38
13.69
10.10
15.71
12.90
12.71
14.17
12.26
11.77
12.75
12.48
13.16
13.39
12.52
13.73
10.06
15.85
13.20
12.97
14.65
12.33
11.63
12.98
12.96
13.46
13.66
12.81
14.00
10.28
16.56
13.25
13.04
14.80
12.54
11.91
13.16
12.77
13.48
13.64
12.92
14.35
10.33
16.33
28
281
16.45
18.31
18.63
17.18
18.98
14.98
16.15
15.96
13.27
16.73
12.67
11.88
13.91
19.76
19.66
19.89
16.61
15.07
16.65
18.87
19.20
17.51
19.60
14.93
16.46
16.29
13.03
16.68
12.94
11.53
14.14
19.97
19.84
20.12
16.96
15.12
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$551.25
557.59
532.29
583.44
554.17
693.06
490.23
509.22
$563.67
567.45
550.13
593.18
560.65
670.51
509.07
513.65
$565.46
571.91
548.23
602.41
560.58
659.29
497.03
501.96
$578.02
584.05
555.12
613.21
574.52
658.44
519.70
513.60
$13.31
496.52
428.66
516.60
476.97
437.58
520.61
443.56
525.92
534.78
493.96
572.24
404.00
618.97
503.10
432.14
535.63
484.27
442.55
530.40
450.53
532.98
540.96
500.80
590.39
411.45
627.66
513.48
430.60
549.38
500.60
437.29
569.82
471.74
546.48
551.86
520.09
593.60
410.17
654.12
519.40
440.75
559.44
504.11
459.73
552.72
467.38
552.68
556.51
527.14
625.66
410.10
658.10
$523.08
16.84
18.86
19.06
17.64
19.77
15.12
16.76
16.62
13.41
17.20
12.91
11.91
14.20
20.17
20.09
20.31
17.06
15.22
16.88
715.81
859.98
877.45
757.91
851.57
670.36
684.65
679.62
540.43
703.04
513.34
478.61
589.16
883.06
876.60
889.82
752.73
659.19
730.38
862.40
881.20
774.82
888.26
677.10
686.38
676.70
573.26
741.14
541.01
509.65
605.09
903.03
939.75
899.03
745.79
669.11
720.95
892.55
894.72
759.93
866.32
639.00
683.09
679.29
538.14
702.23
535.72
472.73
612.26
884.67
841.22
901.38
778.46
656.21
735.91
893.96
895.82
774.40
883.72
656.21
702.24
701.36
563.22
753.36
542.22
491.88
607.76
903.62
869.90
918.01
769.41
669.68
739.34
Dec.
1997P
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
16.38
18.22
18.59
17.07
18.84
14.93
16.34
16.22
12.96
16.90
12.34
11.45
13.83
19.58
19.48
19.73
16.58
15.05
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
19.61
21.70
15.09
20.26
22.38
14.68
20.29
22.63
15.58
20.37
22.59
15.22
20.47
862.84
959.14
663.96
889.41
998.15
613.62
878.56
970.83
701.10
884.06
996.22
631.63
849.51
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
11.33
18.10
9.40
11.53
11.82
10.89
10.69
11.51
18.42
9.39
11.75
12.01
11.01
10.83
11.64
18.71
9.73
11.67
11.79
11.35
10.95
11.64
18.57
9.90
11.68
11.80
11.39
10.96
11.80
471.33
774.68
390.10
490.03
511.81
465.00
441.50
490.33
830.74
383.11
508.78
526.04
483.34
455.94
487.72
821.37
424.23
495.98
508.15
484.65
455.52
494.70
830.08
411.84
502.24
521.56
497.74
460.32
508.58
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
8.73
11.39
8.39
9.25
7.28
8.54
7.78
8.83
11.57
8.45
9.41
7.27
8.56
7.74
9.13
11.71
8.82
9.51
7.69
8.97
8.06
9.11
11.97
8.61
9.14
7.59
8.84
8.29
9.15
343.09
489.77
319.66
351.50
282.46
342.45
307.31
347.02
499.82
320.26
351.93
282.08
359.52
293.35
352.42
475.43
333.40
368.99
279.92
345.35
324.01
350.74
511.12
313.40
325.38
289.94
355.37
339.06
353.19
11.45
11.50
11.87
11.98
11.95
373.27
379.50
389.34
395.34
393.16
14.57
14.60
15.04
15.13
15.14
579.89
582.54
598.59
609.74
601.06
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
2819
282
2821
2824
See footnotes at end of table.
109
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
4011
48.4
47.0
49.6
49.3
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
33.9
38.3
39.7
34.3
38.4
38.4
34.5
38.2
39.6
34.3
38.9
39.4
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
40.2
40.1
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.5
40.4
41.1
40.4
40.3
41.4
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
38.5
39.1
38.5
39.1
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
44.6
46.1
43.3
45.0
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
38.0
37.1
36.7
39.1
38.9
37.9
37.5
40.1
37.2
36.8
36.9
37.0
38.3
37.8
38.0
38.5
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
40.0
41.7
42.3
35.0
39.2
40.4
42.1
42.4
35.9
39.1
39.8
41.4
41.8
35.1
39.2
40.5
42.1
42.3
36.0
39.8
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
42.5
41.9
43.9
43.0
42.6
42.1
41.4
42.9
43.0
42.5
42.2
41.7
43.1
42.9
41.9
42.7
42.0
44.4
43.2
42.4
38.3
38.7
38.4
38.7
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
39.0
37.8
37.5
40.0
39.1
39.2
41.4
39.4
39.0
39.2
37.8
39.5
38.1
38.3
40.0
40.0
39.7
42.1
40.0
39.6
39.6
38.3
39.1
37.8
37.8
40.5
39.6
39.7
41.6
39.0
39.1
39.3
37.9
39.5
38.0
38.0
39.9
40.5
40.2
42.1
39.5
39.5
39.7
38.0
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
37.4
36.0
36.7
37.4
38.3
36.5
40.2
37.9
37.5
36.0
37.6
36.5
36.8
37.2
38.7
34.5
40.6
38.2
38.2
36.1
37.5
36.4
35.5
37.8
38.4
37.9
40.1
37.7
37.4
36.2
37.7
37.3
36.6
38.6
38.6
35.5
40.1
38.1
37.8
36.2
28.6
29.3
28.8
28.8
34.4
35.6
35.8
31.4
31.6
34.5
35.6
35.8
31.4
32.0
34.8
36.2
35.7
30.9
31.3
34.5
35.9
35.9
31.0
30.3
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
See footnotes at end of table.
110
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1997P
38.4
29.2
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
4011
$18.31
$17.81
$18.14
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
10.90
11.48
13.80
10.86
11.42
13.82
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
13.09
13.32
10.77
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
Pipelines, except natural gas
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$18.14
$886.20
$837.07
$899.74
$894.30
10.96
11.32
14.23
11.02
11.42
14.21
369.51
439.68
547.86
372.50
438.53
530.69
378.12
432.42
563.51
377.99
444.24
559.87
13.05
13.27
10.81
13.35
13.61
10.71
13.40
13.67
10.81
526.22
534.13
435.11
523.31
532.13
435.64
540.68
549.84
440.18
541.36
550.90
447.53
19.05
18.97
19.89
20.93
733.43
741.73
765.77
818.36
46
20.71
20.84
20.62
20.94
923.67
960.72
892.85
942.30
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
12.67
12.57
12.85
13.23
12.74
12.55
12.86
13.32
13.37
13.68
13.91
13.44
13.54
13.87
14.09
13.66
481.46
466.35
471.60
517.29
495.59
475.65
482.25
534.13
497.36
503.42
513.28
497.28
518.58
524.29
535.42
525.91
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
16.21
16.77
17.22
16.37
13.09
16.41
17.03
17.51
16.48
13.09
17.12
17.72
18.24
17.41
13.72
17.18
17.77
18.28
17.51
13.78
648.40
699.31
728.41
572.95
513.13
662.96
716.96
742.42
591.63
511.82
681.38
733.61
762.43
611.09
537.82
695.79
748.12
773.24
630.36
548.44
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
18.85
19.81
17.93
22.97
14.05
18.79
19.77
18.02
22.73
13.98
19.39
20.47
18.14
23.36
14.88
19.68
20.83
18.64
23.36
15.16
801.13
830.04
787.13
987.71
598.53
791.06
818.48
773.06
977.39
594.15
818.26
853.60
781.83
1,002.14
623.47
840.34
874.86
827.62
1,009.15
642.78
13.06
13.20
13.56
13.73
500.20
510.84
520.70
531.35
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3
Wholesale trade
Dec.
1997P
$13.69
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
13.66
11.85
11.84
12.34
16.40
15.30
13.29
14.75
12.81
13.67
10.64
13.73
11.90
12.07
12.38
16.38
15.41
13.36
14.88
12.85
13.75
10.74
14.16
12.34
12.65
12.87
16.68
16.46
13.46
15.52
13.51
14.22
10.93
14.31
12.49
12.70
12.99
16.81
16.44
13.72
15.62
13.64
14.39
11.08
532.74
447.93
444.00
493.60
641.24
599.76
550.21
581.15
499.59
535.86
402.19
542.34
453.39
462.28
495.20
655.20
611.78
562.46
595.20
508.86
544.50
411.34
553.66
466.45
478.17
521.24
660.53
653.46
559.94
605.28
528.24
558.85
414.25
565.25
474.62
482.60
518.30
680.81
660.89
577.61
616.99
538.78
571.28
421.04
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
12.21
12.52
15.79
11.72
12.46
9.30
13.82
11.60
14.12
10.16
12.43
12.54
15.92
12.16
12.66
9.37
13.88
11.79
14.64
10.33
12.68
13.15
16.45
12.40
12.97
9.50
14.41
11.72
14.69
10.50
12.89
13.51
17.10
12.41
13.10
9.66
14.70
11.91
14.91
10.54
456.65
450.72
579.49
438.33
477.22
339.45
555.56
439.64
529.50
365.76
467.37
457.71
585.86
452.35
489.94
323.27
563.53
450.38
559.25
372.91
475.50
478.66
583.98
468.72
498.05
360.05
577.84
441.84
549.41
380.10
485.95
503.92
625.86
479.03
505.66
342.93
589.47
453.77
563.60
381.55
8.13
8.16
8.47
8.51
232.52
239.09
243.94
245.09
9.69
10.14
9.70
10.16
10.01
10.38
10.07
10.45
10.25
7.95
8.74
10.27
8.07
10.65
10.84
8.32
9.10
333.34
360.98
366.95
249.63
276.18
334.65
361.70
367.67
253.40
270.72
348.35
375.76
380.21
259.25
285.14
347.42
375.16
389.16
257.92
275.73
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
8.39
9.11
8.46
See footnotes at end of table.
Ill
8.50
Dec.
1997P
$525.70
248.20
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
53
531
533
539
29.0
29.1
27.1
29.4
31.2
31.3
28.9
30.6
29.7
29.8
27.5
30.4
29.8
29.9
27.8
30.1
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
29.6
29.9
27.9
29.7
29.8
28.5
29.5
29.6
29.0
29.7
29.8
28.8
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
35.4
36.8
37.8
31.9
36.2
35.3
36.9
37.3
31.8
36.0
35.4
36.8
37.8
31.9
35.2
35.6
37.0
38.0
31.9
34.7
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
26.4
28.0
24.5
27.6
26.2
27.6
29.6
25.5
29.0
27.1
26.6
28.9
25.2
27.4
25.8
26.6
28.8
24.9
27.4
26.0
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
32.7
33.1
34.4
32.0
32.1
25.3
33.6
33.6
35.9
33.3
34.7
25.7
32.8
32.8
34.5
32.6
32.8
25.6
33.1
33.1
34.9
32.9
33.1
24.8
Eating and drinking places4
58
25.0
25.2
25.2
25.1
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
29.4
28.9
30.9
27.4
33.1
39.3
30.1
33.2
30.3
30.9
29.1
30.9
30.0
34.5
40.0
31.3
33.2
31.3
29.1
28.3
30.7
27.3
32.5
37.9
30.0
32.9
30.1
29.2
28.6
30.9
27.1
33.0
39.0
30.0
32.9
30.1
35.8
36.7
35.9
36.7
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
35.0
34.7
35.1
34.4
35.8
36.1
35.9
36.4
35.5
36.3
34.8
34.5
34.9
34.2
35.6
36.1
36.0
36.2
35.9
36.2
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
37.8
38.4
39.4
40.2
37.5
38.5
38.6
39.4
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
36.8
38.2
37.8
38.9
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
38.3
37.7
39.1
39.3
38.6
38.8
38.7
39.7
39.7
38.3
38.5
37.7
38.8
39.1
39.1
39.0
38.4
38.9
39.2
39.7
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
34.0
32.9
34.7
33.4
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
112
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1997P
35.9
32.6
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$8.27
8.31
7.66
8.12
$227.94
230.47
192.14
225.79
$247.42
249.77
206.06
236.23
$247.10
249.13
211.20
248.06
$246.45
248.47
212.95
244.41
8.78
8.90
7.68
8.79
8.91
7.65
252.49
258.34
211.20
253.04
257.47
218.31
259.01
263.44
222.72
261.06
265.52
220.32
11.09
13.95
9.18
7.33
11.46
14.35
9.58
7.59
12.22
12.57
11.65
14.64
9.71
7.63
12.83
393.65
516.67
346.25
232.87
434.04
391.48
514.76
342.41
233.09
439.92
405.68
528.08
362.12
242.12
442.46
414.74
541.68
368.98
243.40
445.20
7.78
9.32
7.68
7.58
7.63
7.76
9.34
7.55
7.63
7.63
8.18
9.80
8.16
7.86
8.09
8.20
9.88
8.14
7.94
8.07
205.39
260.96
188.16
209.21
199.91
214.18
276.46
192.53
221.27
206.77
217.59
283.22
205.63
215.36
208.72
218.12
284.54
202.69
217.56
209.82
10.78
10.40
10.45
11.32
10.36
6.54
10.95
10.62
10.85
11.36
10.77
6.73
11.39
10.78
10.67
12.25
11.14
7.18
11.50
10.96
11.02
12.21
11.22
6.91
352.51
344.24
359.48
362.24
332.56
165.46
367.92
356.83
389.52
378.29
373.72
172.96
373.59
353.58
368.12
399.35
365.39
183.81
380.65
362.78
384.60
401.71
371.38
171.37
5.92
5.97
6.22
6.21
148.00
150.44
156.74
155.87
8.81
9.44
7.40
8.03
9.21
12.18
9.03
11.07
9.27
8.77
9.44
7.48
7.99
9.30
12.36
8.94
11.10
9.17
9.15
9.79
7.64
8.45
9.58
12.52
9.23
11.03
9.58
9.13
9.78
7.73
8.40
9.52
12.78
9.24
11.17
9.55
259.01
272.82
228.66
220.02
304.85
478.67
271.80
367.52
280.88
270.99
274.70
231.13
239.70
320.85
494.40
279.82
368.52
287.02
266.27
277.06
234.55
230.69
311.35
474.51
276.90
362.89
288.36
266.60
279.71
238.86
227.64
314.16
498.42
277.20
367.49
287.46
12.97
13.02
13.53
13.70
464.33
477.83
485.73
502.79
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
53
531
533
539
$7.86
7.92
7.09
7.68
$7.93
7.98
7.13
7.72
$8.32
8.36
7.68
8.16
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
8.53
8.64
7.57
8.52
8.64
7.66
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
11.12
14.04
9.16
7.30
11.99
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
Eating and drinking places4
58
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Finance, Insurance, and real estate5
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
$13.62
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
10.06
9.60
9.37
9.75
9.87
10.11
9.67
9.43
9.84
10.00
10.34
9.83
9.76
9.89
10.23
10.50
10.00
9.83
10.12
10.36
352.10
333.12
328.89
335.40
353.35
364.97
347.15
343.25
349.32
363.00
359.83
339.14
340.62
338.24
364.19
379.05
360.00
355.85
363.31
375.03
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
13.13
11.30
13.19
11.39
14.01
11.87
14.28
12.01
496.31
433.92
519.69
457.88
525.38
457.00
551.21
473.19
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
18.15
18.25
19.44
20.00
667.92
697.15
734.83
778.00
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
15.47
14.59
14.43
14.67
16.88
15.40
14.32
14.50
14.76
16.83
16.20
14.89
14.87
15.17
17.82
16.45
14.91
15.21
15.54
18.12
592.50
550.04
564.21
576.53
651.57
597.52
554.18
575.65
585.97
644.59
623.70
561.35
576.96
593.15
696.76
641.55
572.54
591.67
609.17
719.36
12.04
12.16
12.42
12.57
390.10
397.63
404.89
412.30
9.36
9.54
9.65
9.73
318.24
313.87
334.86
324.98
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
113
12.62
Dec.
1997P
$488.96
411.41
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
074
078
28.5
36.3
28.3
35.0
28.8
37.2
29.1
35.2
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
30.4
30.7
31.1
31.2
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
34.3
27.7
26.0
34.3
28.3
25.7
34.4
27.7
27.6
34.5
28.1
27.5
73
731
33.3
35.8
33.5
37.0
33.5
36.5
33.7
37.2
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
36.5
28.6
36.9
27.8
38.6
37.0
40.3
38.5
37.6
28.8
37.7
28.0
39.3
38.2
39.7
39.4
36.7
28.4
36.0
27.7
39.2
36.9
40.7
39.3
37.5
28.5
36.9
27.7
38.6
37.0
40.0
38.6
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
32.4
37.8
38.3
38.0
38.5
39.7
33.1
34.3
36.2
32.3
38.2
38.5
38.9
39.1
39.5
33.4
34.9
37.0
32.5
38.3
38.2
38.7
38.6
38.7
33.1
34.5
35.4
32.4
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.3
38.5
33.3
34.5
35.8
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
36.2
36.1
36.0
33.0
38.5
38.6
38.0
31.2
28.6
36.0
36.5
36.6
33.9
38.3
38.2
38.0
30.3
27.0
36.1
35.8
35.9
33.5
38.4
38.2
38.0
31.6
28.7
35.9
36.1
36.3
33.7
38.2
38.3
37.6
30.5
26.4
Miscellaneous repair services
76
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.3
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
30.6
39.5
24.1
30.4
39.9
23.8
30.0
39.0
23.1
30.6
39.6
24.2
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.5
24.5
25.9
18.6
27.5
26.8
24.5
26.4
18.9
29.6
26.3
24.5
25.8
19.8
27.9
26.6
25.0
25.9
19.6
27.6
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
32.7
33.2
28.1
29.7
32.1
31.8
34.4
33.0
33.5
28.7
29.9
32.7
32.3
34.6
33.0
33.1
28.3
30.0
32.3
32.0
34.9
33.3
33.5
28.7
30.3
32.7
32.2
35.2
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
S e e footnotes at end of table.
114
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$9.71
9.81
$263.63
343.40
$266.02
339.50
$279.36
360.47
$282.56
345.31
8.63
8.80
254.75
263.10
268.39
274.56
7.90
9.07
8.96
8.14
9.12
8.66
8.18
9.13
8.74
267.88
241.82
230.62
270.97
256.68
230.27
280.02
252.62
239.02
282.21
256.55
240.35
11.40
16.43
11.55
16.61
11.89
16.88
12.09
17.19
379.62
588.19
386.93
614.57
398.32
616.12
407.43
639.47
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
074
078
$9.25
9.46
$9.40
9.70
$9.70
9.69
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
8.38
8.57
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
7.81
8.73
8.87
73
731
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Nov.
1997P
Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1997P
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
10.84
7.77
10.11
7.48
11.86
11.26
15.68
10.80
10.66
7.80
10.12
7.52
11.79
10.81
15.36
10.94
11.11
8.05
10.92
7.69
12.10
11.51
16.16
11.02
11.28
8.13
11.21
7.74
12.16
11.64
15.85
11.18
395.66
222.22
373.06
207.94
457.80
416.62
631.90
415.80
400.82
224.64
381.52
210.56
463.35
412.94
609.79
431.04
407.74
228.62
393.12
213.01
474.32
424.72
657.71
433.09
423.00
231.71
413.65
214.40
469.38
430.68
634.00
431.55
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
9.40
19.21
22.15
20.07
14.93
14.13
9.57
7.55
12.04
9.55
19.53
22.63
20.11
15.00
14.25
9.60
7.60
12.02
9.71
20.21
23.45
20.57
15.60
15.24
9.82
7.95
12.33
9.83
20.50
23.87
20.62
15.44
15.47
9.95
8.04
12.50
304.56
726.14
848.35
762.66
574.81
560.96
316.77
258.97
435.85
308.47
746.05
871.26
782.28
586.50
562.88
320.64
265.24
444.74
315.58
774.04
895.79
796.06
602.16
589.79
325.04
274.28
436.48
318.49
797.45
923.77
816.55
591.35
595.60
331.34
277.38
447.50
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
10.36
9.80
8.78
7.40
11.63
12.18
11.60
7.83
6.83
10.43
9.90
8.86
7.43
11.70
12.32
11.63
7.92
6.91
10.73
10.26
9.24
8.24
11.97
12.59
11.92
8.26
7.15
10.83
10.28
9.28
8.20
12.07
12.60
12.03
8.41
7.30
375.03
353.78
316.08
244.20
447.76
470.15
440.80
244.30
195.34
375.48
361.35
324.28
251.88
448.11
470.62
441.94
239.98
186.57
387.35
367.31
331.72
276.04
459.65
480.94
452.96
261.02
205.21
388.80
371.11
336.86
276.34
461.07
482.58
452.33
256.51
192.72
Miscellaneous repair services
76
12.36
12.41
12.84
12.87
473.39
476.54
491.77
492.92
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
14.86
20.81
6.31
14.54
20.46
6.30
14.81
19.94
6.69
14.90
20.24
6.79
454.72
822.00
152.07
442.02
816.35
149.94
444.30
777.66
154.54
455.94
801.50
164.32
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
9.30
7.06
8.75
8.26
8.95
9.43
7.13
8.86
8.22
9.20
9.46
7.47
8.85
8.47
9.17
9.79
7.45
9.07
8.55
9.34
246.45
172.97
226.63
153.64
246.13
252.72
174.69
233.90
155.36
272.32
248.80
183.02
228.33
167.71
255.84
260.41
186.25
234.91
167.58
257.78
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
13.00
13.43
13.16
12.29
9.10
8.53
14.79
13.06
13.52
13.28
12.17
9.11
8.55
14.87
13.41
13.92
13.73
12.71
9.49
8.97
15.18
13.44
13.95
13.87
12.81
9.50
8.98
15.20
425.10
445.88
369.80
365.01
292.11
271.25
508.78
430.98
452.92
381.14
363.88
297.90
276.17
514.50
442.53
460.75
388.56
381.30
306.53
287.04
529.78
447.55
467.33
398.07
388.14
310.65
289.16
535.04
See footnotes at end of table.
115
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
808
28.3
28.6
29.1
29.2
Legal services
81
34.6
35.5
34.7
35.6
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
31.1
31.1
31.0
29.8
32.0
32.0
31.5
31.6
31.3
29.9
32.5
32.5
31.2
31.2
31.2
30.1
31.9
32.0
31.6
31.6
31.2
30.4
32.6
32.7
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
34.6
35.1
35.0
35.7
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
36.9
39.2
39.6
37.9
37.5
35.2
36.8
40.3
31.1
36.4
35.8
35.2
35.8
35.1
37.4
39.4
39.7
38.5
37.4
36.2
367
40.2
30.5
36.9
36.5
35.7
37.1
36.5
37.0
39.2
39.5
38.2
38.3
35.7
36.7
40.1
31.0
36.2
35.7
34.9
35.6
34.3
37.5
39.5
39.9
38.6
37.6
36.5
36.9
40.6
30.6
36.7
36.5
35.4
36.8
36.3
Services, nee
89
35.6
36.0
34.4
35.1
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
See footnotes at end of table.
116
Average-overtime hours
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$11.23
$11.35
$11.34
81
16.85
17.13
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
8.65
9.16
8.43
7.46
8.76
10.36
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
Legal services
808
,
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$11.35
$317.81
$324.61
$329.99
$331.42
17.45
17.79
583.01
608.12
605.52
633.32
8.73
9.25
8.57
7.53
8.60
10.50
8.91
9.41
8.63
7.68
9.05
10.84
8.97
9.50
8.69
7.72
9.08
10.95
269.02
284.88
261.33
222.31
280.32
331.52
275.00
292.30
268.24
225.15
286.00
341.25
277.99
293.59
269.26
231.17
288.70
346.88
283.45
300.20
271.13
234.69
296.01
358.07
Dec.
1997P
862
16.86
17.14
17.94
18.18
583.36
601.61
627.90
649.03
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8743
16.64
18.24
19.00
16.45
13.16
14.33
17.37
19.68
13.37
20.22
15.68
14.17
17.68
14.62
16.89
18.47
19.24
16.70
13.21
14.56
17.62
19.93
13.67
20.40
16.04
14.40
18.19
14.81
17.28
19.03
19.90
16.93
13.46
14.95
17.77
19.82
13.73
20.99
16.41
14.93
18.35
14.93
17.61
19.29
20.14
17.36
13.43
15.27
18.23
20.38
14.16
21.45
16.76
15.37
18.73
15.45
614.02
715.01
752.40
623.46
493.50
504.42
639.22
793.10
415.81
736.01
561.34
498.78
632.94
513.16
631.69
727.72
763.83
642.95
494.05
527.07
646.65
801.19
416.94
752.76
585.46
514.08
674.85
540.57
639.36
745.98
786.05
646.73
515.52
533.72
652.16
794.78
425.63
759.84
585.84
521.06
653.26
512.10
660.38
761.96
803.59
670.10
504.97
557.36
672.69
827.43
433.30
787.22
611.74
544.10
689.26
560.84
Services, nee
89
16.76
16.81
16.89
17.05
596.66
605.16
581.02
598.46
8741
8742
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-I5a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
4
Dec.
1997P
Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
5
117
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 andSIC3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Oct.
1996
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1996
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Average hourly earnings
excluding lump-sum payments
$20.47
$20.47
$20.97
$20.91
$19.74
$19.84
$20.81
$21.06
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
20.81
20.80
21.28
21.21
19.74
19.84
20.81
21.06
P = preliminary.
118
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry
Manufacturing
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
12.23
$12.34
$12.54
$12.60
$12.67
13.13
10.33
10.21
12.53
14.24
12.19
13.40
12.28
16.72
13.07
10.28
13.18
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
11.81
10.86
17.18
9.60
8.09
14.26
12.64
15.83
19.07
11.01
8.84
$11.90
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
12.73
10.04
9.86
12.13
14.15
11.91
13.02
11.75
16.17
12.72
10.07
12.83
10.07
9.95
12.14
14.12
12.04
13.10
11.89
16.29
12.73
10.16
13.08
10.30
10.19
12.41
14.23
12.14
13.37
12.27
16.67
13.02
10.18
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
11.50
10.72
17.67
9.25
7.79
13.93
12.26
15.46
18.31
10.76
8.47
11.61
10.81
17.69
9.36
7.90
14.01
12.34
15.52
19.02
10.90
8,58
11.74
10.75
17.26
9.56
8.08
14.21
12.60
15.69
18.83
11.02
8.85
,
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
119
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$12.00
7.46
$12.06
7.50
$12.43
7.60
$12.51
7.65
$12.51 $414.00 $420.89 $430.08 $435.35 $435.35
257.30 261.58 262.89 266.11
(2)
(2)
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.67
9.74
15.95
9.91
16.19
9.90
16.38
10.01
$16.43
(2)
712.99
443.13
733.70
456.00
735.03
449.28
745.29 $740.99
455.56
(2)
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.62
9.71
15.66
9.73
16.30
9.96
16.25
9.93
$16.33
(2)
606.06
376.67
604.48
375.69
647.11
395.54
614.25 $627.07
375.46
(2)
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.93
8.04
13.07
8.12
13.29
8.12
13.36
8.17
$13.46
(2)
544.35
338.32
559.40
347.67
560.84
342.81
569.14 $580.13
347.89
(2)
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.57
9.06
14.60
9.07
15.04
9.19
15.13
9.25
$15.14
(2)
579.89
360.40
582.54
362.05
598.59
365.89
609.74 $601.06
372.70
(2)
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.06
8.12
13.20
8.20
13.56
8.29
13.73
8.39
$13.69
(2)
500.20
310.88
510.84
317.49
520.70
318.28
531.35 $525.70
324.79
(2)
Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
8.13
5.05
8.16
5.07
8.47
5.18
8.51
5.20
$8.50
(2)
232.52
144.51
239.09
148.60
243.94
149.11
245.09 $248.20
149.81
(2)
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.97
8.06
13.02
8.09
13.53
8.27
13.70
8.37
$13.62
(2)
464.33
288.58
477.83
296.97
485.73
296.90
502.79 $488.96
307.33
(2)
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.04
7.48
12.16
7.56
12.42
7.59
12.57
7.68
$12.62
(2)
390.10
242.45
397.63
247.13
404.89
247.49
412.30 $411.41
252.02
(2)
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Dec.
1997P
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
120
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area
Average weekly hours
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1997P
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$12.01
12.71
14.20
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$490.57
540.86
607.64
$501.41
562.32
610.96
$512.83
563.05
627.64
42.1
44.0
43.3
42.7
44.3
44.2
$11.57
12.52
13.81
$11.91
12.78
14.11
38.5
55.4
43.2
12.92
11.73
13.42
497.42
649.84
579.74
42.3
41.1
41.7
11.75
11.71
11.79
497.03
481.28
491.64
,
41.3
41.2
40.6
40.5
41.9
42.0
40.6
41.6
41.8
44.4
41.7
41.3
42.4
42.0
42.6
10.56
9.80
10.51
11.36
12.24
10.88
10.47
10.96
11.50
12.87
10.92
10.55
11.00
11.45
13.06
436.13
403.76
426.71
460.08
512.86
456.96
425.08
455.94
480.70
571.43
455.36
435.72
466.40
480.90
556.36
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
42.0
39.8
41.2
42.4
42.4
42.4
42.8
41.5
40.4
40.1
40.5
40.9
42.7
41.4
39.6
41.7
42.8
41.7
42.1
40.9
41.3
42.7
41.0
42.1
42.9
42.3
41.5
37.3
40.7
41.3
41.7
41.5
39.2
43.4
42.2
42.9
42.5
40.5
40.7
43.1
42.2
42.0
43.3
41.8
41.1
38.6
40.8
41.4
43.0
40.7
39.4
43.1
41.7
42.9
12.98
13.72
11.37
12.16
13.03
15.53
12.85
11.70
13.88
13.77
12.98
14.27
16.05
13.45
14.58
13.21
14.97
12.51
13.21
13.88
11.77
12.34
13.30
15.76
12.82
11.97
14.52
14.03
13.54
14.44
16.74
13.83
14.98
13.20
15.14
12.36
13.28
13.98
11.94
12.41
13.23
15.78
12.84
11.86
14.57
13.94
13.57
14.45
16.70
13.90
15.04
13.32
14.92
12.40
545.16
546.06
468.44
515.58
552.47
658.47
549.98
485.55
560.75
552.18
525.69
583.64
685.34
556.83
577.37
550.86
640.72
521.67
556.14
567.69
486.10
526.92
545.30
663.50
549.98
506.33
602.58
523.32
551.08
596.37
698.06
573.95
587.22
572.88
638.91
530.24
564.40
566.19
485.96
534.87
558.31
662.76
555.97
495.75
598.83
538.08
553.66
598.23
718.10
565.73
592.58
574.09
622.16
531.96
Colorado
Denver
42.0
41.9
42.2
42.1
42.2
41.9
13.00
12.55
13.41
13.29
13.61
13.28
546.00
525.85
565.90
559.51
574.34
556.43
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
43.2
43.9
45.4
44.0
42.7
41.9
42.0
44.9
42.8
42.5
45.1
43.9
42.1
42.8
41.0
43.2
43.3
43.1
45.3
44.3
42.7
42.7
40.5
43.2
14.06
14.55
14.98
14.85
13.79
14.44
14.08
13.33
14.62
14.79
14.76
15.41
14.50
15.10
13.81
13.67
14.74
15.12
14.67
15.50
14.43
15.11
14.04
13.64
607.39
638.75
680.09
653.40
588.83
605.04
591.36
598.52
625.74
628.58
665.68
676.50
610.45
646.28
566.21
590.54
638.24
651.67
664.55
686.65
616.16
645.20
568.62
589.25
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
40.5
38.6
42.5
42.4
38.2
44.0
42.0
40.1
43.3
14.11
12.87
17.12
15.09
13.88
18.16
15.24
13.73
18.28
571.46
496.78
727.60
639.82
530.22
799.04
640.08
550.57
791.52
39.4
39.7
39.9
13.78
14.13
14.28
542.93
560.96
569.77
42.5
41.7
41.9
10.71
10.88
10.94
455.18
453.70
458.39
42.7
42.8
51.7
42.5
43.3
48.6
42.6
42.9
49.7
11.38
12.38
14.08
11.80
12.72
14.98
11.76
12.70
14.62
485.93
529.86
727.94
501.50
550.78
728.03
500.98
544.83
726.61
39.3
39.2
37.8
39.9
39.5
40.1
12.75
12.81
12.95
13.06
13.33
13.29
501.08
502.15
489.51
521.09
526.54
532.93
38.8
41.1
41.2
12.24
14.33
12.86
474.91
588.96
529.83
41.9
45.1
41.2
41.9
42.0
41.5
40.8
42.1
41.9
41.2
42.4
41.3
40.5
42.5
43.8
42.9
42.0
42.6
42.5
41.4
42.5
41.0
40.6
42.6
43.9
43.0
42.2
42.7
42.5
41.7
13.17
18.16
10.82
13.08
14.98
16.24
14.27
16.40
14.88
11.70
13.47
17.28
11.39
13.43
15.31
16.61
14.72
16.56
15.16
12.00
13.51
17.25
11.34
13.44
15.37
16.62
14.78
16.52
15.12
12.03
551.82
819.02
445.78
548.05
629.16
673.96
582.22
690.44
623.47
482.04
571.13
713.66
461.30
570.78
670.58
712.57
618.24
705.46
644.30
496.80
574.18
707.25
460.40
572.54
674.74
714.66
623.72
705.40
642.60
501.65
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
Alaska
,
.•
Arizona
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
42.4
43.2
44.0
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
43.2
42.7
39.7
43.2
41.9
43.2
44.4
46.9
44.6
44.0
42.4
44.4
43.1
41.8
39.7
43.4
41.2
43.4
44.2
50.3
42.9
42.8
41.4
44.3
43.5
41.1
39.9
43.5
41.2
42.9
44.2
50.7
42.6
43.5
41.0
44.5
$14.67
12.05
12.26
13.87
14.19
18.81
15.81
18.88
14.18
14.58
13.16
14.60
$14.83
12.03
12.14
15.32
14.47
18.89
15.72
21.05
15.50
14.62
12.47
14.43
$14.95
11.67
12.19
15.09
14.41
18.73
15.74
21.19
15.44
14.46
12.47
14.77
$633.74
514.54
486.72
599.18
594.56
812.59
701.96
885.47
632.43
641.52
557.98
648.24
$639.17
502.85
481.96
664.89
596.16
819.83
694.82
1,058.82
664.95
625.74
516.26
639.25
$650.33
479.64
486.38
656.42
593.69
803.52
695.71
1,074.33
657.74
629.01
511.27
657.27
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
42.3
44.2
41.7
41.0
39.9
43.2
42.0
44.2
41.4
39.5
43.6
44.1
45.2
43.2
38.6
13.25
16.27
13.38
15.31
10.81
13.70
17.04
13.68
15.42
11.38
13.73
16.84
13.35
15.25
11.46
560.48
719.13
557.95
627.71
431.32
591.84
715.68
604.66
638.39
449.51
598.63
742.64
603.42
658.80
442.36
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
43.5
43.6
45.4
42.5
39.6
43.3
42.7
41.7
44.2
13.08
13.96
15.23
13.78
15.25
16.06
13.75
15.15
16.21
568.98
608.66
691.44
585.65
603.90
695.40
587.13
631.76
716.48
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
41.7
43.0
42.5
41.8
43.2
42.3
41.1
43.8
40.3
12.86
13.80
14.12
13.38
14.44
15.03
13.39
14.51
14.83
536.26
593.40
600.10
559.28
623.81
635.77
550.33
635.54
597.65
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
44.9
44.5
44.9
42.9
44.6
43.4
45.2
42.6
44.7
44.1
44.5
43.4
13.75
15.63
14.37
13.78
14.18
16.83
14.42
14.11
14.37
16.79
14.59
14.26
617.38
695.54
645.21
591.16
632.43
730.42
651.78
601.09
642.34
740.44
649.26
618.88
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
40.4
40.5
40.9
40.7
41.9
38.8
40.6
42.9
37.8
12.95
11.37
11.25
13.00
11.50
11.08
13.12
11.59
11.16
523.18
460.49
460.13
529.10
481.85
429.90
532.67
497.21
421.85
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
41.7
42.2
41.1
40.7
41.9
41.6
13.91
14.68
14.09
14.79
14.38
15.04
580.05
619.50
579.10
601.95
602.52
625.66
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
42.2
41.9
43.7
42.7
42.2
41.8
42.2
42.9
42.4
41.7
43.2
42.9
13.14
14.26
12.78
13.17
13.50
14.68
12.95
13.57
13.54
14.74
13.12
13.63
554.51
597.49
558.49
562.36
569.70
613.62
546.49
582.15
574.10
614.66
566.78
584.73
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
43.7
46.5
45.4
44.9
42.0
41.4
43.9
44.1
45.5
44.7
45.8
45.8
46.8
42.1
41.9
46.1
42.8
46.8
44.4
45.9
45.4
45.4
42.5
42.8
45.9
42.3
46.0
16.75
17.21
18.36
21.58
14.26
12.51
15.43
17.98
19.66
17.45
18.37
19.03
24.02
14.38
13.35
15.43
18.77
21.21
17.42
18.50
18.94
23.96
14.44
13.08
15.61
18.69
21.36
731.97
800.26
833.54
968.94
598.92
517.91
677.38
792.92
894.53
780.01
841.35
871.57
1,124.14
605.40
559.36
711.32
803.36
992.63
773.45
849.15
859.88
1,087.78
613.70
559.82
716.50
790.59
982.56
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.2
40.0
41.1
43.8
42.1
40.4
41.9
43.1
42.0
40.4
41.9
42.5
13.45
11.73
14.38
12.18
13.80
12.77
14.63
12.71
13.78
12.95
14.62
12.55
554.14
469.20
591.02
533.48
580.98
515.91
613.00
547.80
578.76
523.18
612.58
533.38
Mississippi
Jackson
41.6
42.6
41.8
41.1
41.9
41.2
10.28
11.52
10.48
11.79
10.52
11.86
427.65
490.75
438.06
484.57
440.79
488.63
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
41.8
43.7
43.7
39.2
41.9
43.9
43.0
40.2
42.0
44.7
43.7
39.8
12.58
14.41
15.22
10.79
13.05
14.36
15.23
10.95
13.14
14.37
15.45
10.94
525.84
629.72
665.11
422.97
546.80
630.40
654.89
440.19
551.88
642.34
675.17
435.41
Montana
39.0
40.5
40.3
13.02
13.21
13.28
507.78
535.01
535.18
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
41.5
43.4
42.3
42.1
46.6
41.8
42.4
46.5
42.5
11.69
13.11
12.86
12.27
13.81
13.64
12.06
13.84
13.29
485.14
568.97
543.98
516.57
643.55
570.15
511.34
643.56
564.83
Nevada
Las Vegas
44.6
40.5
43.2
40.7
44.8
42.6
13.54
13.83
14.01
14.97
13.91
14.59
603.88
560.12
605.23
609.28
623.17
621.53
See footnotes at end of table.
122
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$12.40
13.12
15.07
11.71
$12.48
13.64
15.02
11.64
$12.45
13.73
14.94
11.68
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
42.0
41.1
42.2
41.7
41.7
40.3
39.5
41.7
42.4
40.0
41.6
42.1
Nov.
1996
$520.80
539.23
635.95
488.31
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
$520.42
549.69
593.29
485.39
$527.88
549.20
621.50
491.73
New Jersey
42.5
42.1
42.5
13.89
14.21
14.30
590.33
598.24
607.75
New Mexico
Albuquerque
40.3
41.0
38.2
36.2
39.2
38.3
11.09
11.73
12.07
14.31
12.11
14.74
446.93
480.93
461.07
518.02
474.71
564.54
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
41.6
41.3
41.7
43.4
38.7
42.8
41.4
39.5
39.4
40.8
43.7
42.3
44.0
40.0
41.2
41.4
42.0
39.9
43.0
39.7
42.2
41.0
39.2
39.0
40.7
43.1
41.7
42.3
40.5
40.9
41.8
42.7
39.9
44.0
39.1
42.1
41.1
39.3
39.0
40.6
43.8
42.5
43.2
40.8
40.4
12.95
14.38
10.26
16.13
11.60
12.10
11.84
11.85
11.64
11.55
14.33
15.43
14.23
11.59
11.86
13.31
14.88
10.54
17.26
12.44
12.46
12.01
12.11
11.91
11.27
14.90
15.70
14.04
11.34
12.36
13.40
14.90
10.56
17.24
12.36
12.53
12.23
12.24
12.02
11.37
14.93
16.08
14.34
11.68
12.55
538.72
593.89
427.84
700.04
448.92
517.88
490.18
468.08
458.62
471.24
626.22
652.69
626.12
463.60
488.63
551.03
624.96
420.55
742.18
493.87
525.81
492.41
474.71
464.49
458.69
642.19
654.69
593.89
459.27
505.52
560.12
636.23
421.34
758.56
483.28
527.51
502.65
481.03
468.78
461.62
653.93
683.40
619.49
476.54
507.02
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
41.7
42.5
41.5
40.7
42.5
41.4
42.5
41.3
40.7
42.1
41.9
43.2
41.6
41.1
42.0
11.13
10.74
12.00
11.38
12.13
11.45
11.22
12.46
11.90
12.65
11.50
11.36
12.49
11.89
12.76
464.12
456.45
498.00
463.17
515.53
474.03
476.85
514.60
484.33
532.57
481.85
490.75
519.58
488.68
535.92
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
41.7
42.7
39.9
40.5
39.3
40.0
11.03
10.90
11.33
11.32
11.30
10.56
459.95
465.43
452.07
458.46
444.09
422.40
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
43.8
43.3
41.5
43.9
43.3
43.1
44.1
47.5
43.7
44.6
43.5
45.1
43.3
43.8
43.0
42.2
43.9
43.9
42.9
45.7
45.5
43.8
43.2
41.0
43.9
42.8
44.3
43.8
43.0
44.3
44.6
43.3
46.1
46.6
44.5
44.4
41.3
43.9
44.2
14.77
12.52
13.20
14.34
14.68
13.90
15.56
16.54
15.76
15.75
15.20
16.55
16.08
15.44
12.69
13.63
14.81
15.04
14.69
16.53
17.04
16.74
16.54
17.35
16.91
17.26
15.50
12.69
13.75
14.76
15.21
14.71
16.59
17.08
16.44
16.75
17.11
17.10
17.08
646.93
542.12
547.80
629.53
635.64
599.09
686.20
785.65
688.71
702.45
661.20
746.41
696.26
676.27
545.67
575.19
650.16
660.26
630.20
755.42
775.32
733.21
714.53
711.35
742.35
738.73
686.65
555.82
591.25
653.87
678.37
636.94
764.80
795.93
731.58
743.70
706.64
750.69
754.94
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
42.0
43.5
41.2
42.3
44.3
43.1
43.1
44.2
43.9
12.09
13.49
12.34
12.22
12.94
12.88
12.30
12.96
13.00
507.78
586.82
508.41
516.91
573.24
555.13
530.13
572.83
570.70
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
40.3
41.2
40.1
40.9
38.7
40.8
39.5
39.4
41.9
39.1
41.4
39.4
40.3
41.9
39.2
13.05
12.74
11.90
13.34
11.43
13.37
12.69
12.56
13.67
11.33
13.59
12.92
12.60
13.79
11.50
525.92
524.89
477.19
545.61
442.34
545.50
501.26
494.86
572.77
443.00
562.63
509.05
507.78
577.80
450.80
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
42.5
43.0
40.6
43.9
40.4
40.2
41.5
41.9
43.8
43.1
40.7
44.4
41.6
41.4
42.4
42.2
41.9
39.8
44.8
39.9
39.8
40.9
41.6
42.9
41.8
41.6
42.8
42.6
40.0
44.6
42.9
42.9
40.5
45.5
40.5
39.3
41.5
42.1
43.7
42.6
41.3
43.1
42.8
42.2
44.9
13.56
13.49
10.81
13.89
13.21
10.25
13.12
14.50
14.66
14.81
12.15
14.42
11.46
11.15
13.55
13.81
14.00
11.64
14.38
13.33
10.28
13.18
14.83
14.83
15.12
12.30
14.77
11.98
10.71
14.55
13.83
14.18
11.78
14.25
13.36
10.38
13.16
14.83
14.86
15.08
12.47
14.82
12.28
10.92
14.53
576.30
580.07
438.89
609.77
533.68
412.05
544.48
607.55
642.11
638.31
494.51
640.25
476.74
461.61
574.52
582.78
586.60
463.27
644.22
531.87
409.14
539.06
616.93
636.21
632.02
511.68
632.16
510.35
428.40
648.93
593.31
608.32
477.09
648.38
541.08
407.93
546.14
624.34
649.38
642.41
515.01
638.74
525.58
460.82
652.40
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
39.9
41.0
40.6
41.0
41.6
42.1
$10.99
11.33
$11.29
11.69
$11.43
11.77
$438.50
464.53
$458.37
479.29
$475.49
495.52
42.1
42.5
42.8
10.31
10.42
10.44
434.05
442.85
446.83
41.8
40.5
41.6
42.0
40.9
42.5
42.1
41.0
42.7
9.76
9.64
10.05
10.00
9.96
10.42
10.00
9.94
10.42
407.97
390.42
418.08
420.00
407.36
442.85
421.00
407.54
444.93
40.9
41.8
40.1
41.4
42.1
40.9
41.7
41.6
40.7
41.5
41.8
41.0
42.2
41.3
40.9
42.4
41.6
41.6
11.36
10.78
12.16
10.87
11.87
12.17
11.90
10.74
12.90
11.38
12.15
12.75
11.99
10.81
12.90
11.82
12.36
12.96
464.62
450.60
487.62
450.02
499.73
497.75
496.23
446.78
525.03
472.27
507.87
522.75
505.98
446.45
527.61
501.17
514.18
539.14
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
43.5
44.2
43.5
45.3
41.8
43.7
43.7
44.4
45.9
41.2
44.1
43.9
44.3
46.5
42.4
11.90
11.85
12.52
13.78
9.63
12.15
12.14
13.03
14.23
9.68
12.17
12.18
13.08
14.19
9.79
517.65
523.77
544.62
624.23
402.53
530.96
530.52
578.53
653.16
398.82
536.70
534.70
579.44
659.84
415.10
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
41.5
41.0
40.5
40.7
41.5
41.5
12.36
12.40
12.87
12.80
12.86
12.81
512.94
508.40
521.24
520.96
533.69
531.62
Vermont
Burlington
40.9
43.3
41.1
44.1
40.5
46.2
12.44
12.47
12.82
13.26
12.90
13.22
508.80
539.95
526.90
584.77
522.45
610.76
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
42.6
42.3
41.3
43.6
40.0
40.0
43.9
40.8
41.9
37.1
43.4
43.8
44.3
40.6
42.1
40.7
42.3
43.2
42.5
42.4
44.9
41.1
42.3
41.9
12.25
10.05
10.01
11.71
12.04
12.46
15.60
13.64
12.66
10.79
10.14
12.75
12.11
12.83
15.84
14.32
12.73
10.63
10.28
12.36
12.78
12.97
16.21
14.85
521.85
425.12
413.41
510.56
481.60
498.40
684.84
556.51
530.45
400.31
440.08
558.45
536.47
520.90
666.86
582.82
538.48
459.22
436.90
524.06
573.82
533.07
685.68
622.22
Washington
40.1
41.5
41.6
14.87
15.25
15.38
596.29
632.88
639.81
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
42.3
47.2
42.4
43.8
45.4
42.2
49.9
43.7
44.3
40.6
42.4
47.6
43.5
44.3
41.4
13.11
14.12
14.49
16.64
14.49
13.24
15.24
14.27
16.26
16.41
13.40
14.92
15.09
16.41
16.74
554.55
666.46
614.38
728.83
657.85
558.73
760.48
623.60
720.32
666.25
568.16
710.19
656.42
726.96
693.04
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
42.8
45.2
46.2
43.5
47.6
41.7
41.5
40.6
42.8
43.4
44.8
44.1
42.7
43.8
41.1
42.0
45.6
41.0
43.1
41.7
42.3
42.8
43.0
44.3
42.8
45.2
41.5
43.1
45.8
42.2
44.1
41.8
42.6
44.7
42.6
44.1
13.42
14.60
12.87
14.62
17.16
14.40
11.59
12.59
14.44
14.00
13.26
13.06
13.77
14.98
12.71
14.87
17.70
14.98
11.45
12.72
14.97
14.32
13.04
13.43
13.91
15.33
12.60
14.82
17.97
15.13
11.57
12.62
15.03
14.60
12.90
13.30
574.38
659.92
594.59
635.97
816.82
600.48
480.99
511.15
618.03
607.60
594.05
575.95
587.98
656.12
522.38
624.54
807.12
614.18
493.50
530.42
633.23
612.90
560.72
594.95
595.35
692.92
522.90
638.74
823.03
638.49
510.24
527.52
640.28
652.62
549.54
586.53
Wyoming
40.2
40.7
40.4
13.60
14.33
14.72
546.72
583.23
594.69
Puerto Rico
40.2
39.6
40.1
7.94
8.31
8.39
319.19
329.08
336.44
Virgin Islands
44.3
798.73
f1*
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ....
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
18.03
1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
124
HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1996
Dec.
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
NORTHEAST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
39,794 39,798 39,788 39,783 39,784 39,784 39,788 39,791 39,799 39,811 39,818 39,823 39,823
25,844 26,120 26,155 26,046 26,137 26,279 26,243 26,258 26,118 26,141 26,032 26,107 26,112
24,413 24,610 24,698 24,610 24,720 24,820 24,755 24,812 24,745 24,745 24,657 24,778 24,860
1,431 1,510 1,458 1,436 1,417 1,459 1,488 1,446 1,373 1,396 1,375 1,329 1,252
5.7
5.6
4.8
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.5
New England
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10,339 10,342 10,341 10,343 10,346 10,348 10,353 10,355 10,361 10,367 10,371 10,375 10,378
7,047 7,113 7,056 7,111 7,225 7,203 7,246 7,210 7,148 7,136 7,135 7,058 7,036
6,705 6,774 6,758 6,780 6,875 6,824 6,907 6,904 6,843 6,867 6,834 6,757 6,762
379
274
302
269
304
338
339
301
306
349
331
298
342
3.9
3.8
4.3
4.7
5.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.8
4.7
4.2
4.8
4.9
Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,455 29,456 29,447 29,440 29,438 29,436 29,435 29,435 29,438 29,444 29,447 29,448 29,445
18,797 19,008 19,099 18,935 18,912 19,076 18,998 19,048 18,970 19,005 18,897 19,049 19,076
17,708 17,836 17,939 17,830 17,844 17,996 17,848 17,908 17,902 17,878 17,823 18,022 18,098
978
1,171
1,160 1,105 1,068 1,080 1,150 1,140 1,068 1,127 1,075 1,027
1,089
5.7
5.4
6.1
5.1
5.7
5.9
5.6
6.0
5.8
6.2
5.6
6.1
5.8
SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
71,046 71,129 71,187 71,250 71,328 71,404 71,482 71,561 71,652 71,743 71,832 71,916 71,990
47,135 47,096 47,108 47,450 47,082 47,311 47,253 47,067 47,187 47,192 47,044 47,339 47,485
44,700 44,726 44,522 44,900 44,871 44,965 44,835 44,731 44,816 44,895 44,893 45,218 45,322
2,436 2,371 2,586 2,550 2,211 2,346 2,418 2,336 2,372 2,297 2,151 2,121 2,163
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.4
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.5
5.0
5.2
South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
36,689 36,731 36,759 36,790 36,829 36,867 36,905 36,946 36,991 37,037 37,081 37,123 37,160
24,214 24,335 24,157 24,451 24,346 24,509 24,588 24,343 24,503 24,366 24,244 24,404 24,466
23,017 23,155 22,889 23,266 23,217 23,384 23,423 23,343 23,359 23,326 23,319 23,371 23,386
1,197
924 1,033 1,080
1,185 1,129 1,125 1,166 1,000 1,144 1,040
1,268
1,181
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.8
5.2
4.9
4.9
3.8
4.3
4.6
4.6
East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
12,478 12,492 12,501 12,509 12,522 12,533 12,546 12,557 12,571 12,586 12,600 12,613 12,625
8,133 8,051 8,135 8,177 8,134 8,004 8,000 8,016 7,934 8,076 8,000 8,148 8,201
7,673 7,590 7,686 7,713 7,745 7,622 7,566 7,563 7,477 7,588 7,570 7,757 7,824
457
433
382
464
376
390
430
488
452
389
448
461
460
5.4
4.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
4.6
5.4
6.0
5.8
5.6
4.8
4.8
5.5
West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
21,879 21,907 21,928 21,952 21,978 22,003 22,031 22,058 22,089 22,120 22,151 22,179 22,205
14,788 14,710 14,816 14,822 14,603 14,798 14,665 14,708 14,750 14,750 14,801 14,787 14,818
14,009 13,982 13,947 13,921 13,909 13,959 13,846 13,825 13,979 13,981 14,003 14,090 14,111
820
839
901
869
729
779
697
797
769
770
884
694
707
5.6
5.7
6.1
5.0
5.4
5.2
5.2
6.0
4.8
5.9
5.3
4.7
4.8
See footnotes at end of table.
125
HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1996
Dec.
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
MIDWEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
47,054 47,085 47,098 47,115 47,139 47,164 47,190 47,218 47,252 47,289 47,323 47,349 47,376
32,723 32,588 32,593 32,727 32,730 32,701 32,871 32,824 32,993 33,102 33,140 33,269 33,114
31,245 31,157 31,202 31,417 31,375 31,506 31,607 31,640 31,699 31,716 31,745 31,887 31,810
1,431
1,478
1,185
1,264
1,195
1,354
1,310
1,391
1,387
1,294
1,304
1,381
1,394
4.4
4.5
3.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.2
East North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
33,126 33,145 33,152 33,162 33,177 33,192 33,208 33,226 33,247 33,271 33,293 33,310 33,327
22,613 22,576 22,588 22,737 22,659 22,579 22,733 22,649 22,805 22,910 22,942 23,141 23,014
21,529 21,557 21,560 21,742 21,671 21,726 21,832 21,749 21,878 21,908 21,935 22,093 22,037
1,083
899
901
853
988
996
1,028
1,019
977
1,007
927 1,001
1,048
4.8
4.4
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.4
West North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,928 13,940 13,946 13,953 13,962 13,972 13,982 13,992 14,004 14,018 14,030 14,039 14,049
10,110 10,012 10,005 9,990 10,071 10,122 10,137 10,176 10,189 10,193 10,198 10,128 10,099
9,715 9,600 9,642 9,675 9,704 9,780 9,775 9,890 9,821
9,807 9,810
9,795 9,772
341
367
285
363
412
395
327
385
368
315
333
387
363
3.4
4.1
3.9
2.8
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.8
3.6
WEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
44,213 44,274 44,316 44,366 44,424 44,481 44,539 44,597 44,661 44,728 44,794 44,852 44,909
29,680 29,848 29,704 29,992 30,031 29,833 29,868 30,000 30,258 30,191 30,252 30,227 30,592
27,800 28,050 28,005 28,198 28,311 28,236 28,205 28,425 28,568 28,484 28,624 28,724 28,908
1,707
1,597
1,720
1,699
1,880
1,502
1,628
1,690
1,576
1,663
1,794
1,798
1,684
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.7
6.3
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.5
Mountain
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
12,258 12,287 12,309 12,334 12,362 12,390 12,418 12,446 12,474 12,505 12,535 12,562 12,590
8,439 8,430 8,320 8,398 8,406 8,411
8,439 8,578 8,563 8,540 8,643 8,538 8,533
8,022 8,034 7,927 8,005 8,041
8,033 8,064 8,250 8,203 8,232 8,308 8,159
8,175
417
328
375
378
365
393
395
380
308
360
393
358
335
4.4
4.9
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.3
4.7
4.7
3.6
4.2
4.7
4.2
3.9
Pacific
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
31,955 31,987 32,007 32,032 32,062 32,091 32,121 32,150 32,187 32,223 32,259 32,290 32,319
21,241 21,418 21,383 21,594 21,625 21,422 21,430 21,423 21,695 21,651 21,610 21,688 22,060
19,778 20,015 20,078 20,193 20,270 20,203 20,141 20,175 20,365 20,252 20,316 20,566 20,733
1,248
1,219
1,306
1,463
1,326
1,329
1,288
1,355
1,400
1,403
1,123
1,294
1,399
5.7
6.9
6.1
5.8
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.1
6.6
6.0
5.2
6.0
6.5
1
These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington.
Publication of census region and division data derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS) is being discontinued
with the issuance of December 1997 data. With the release of data for January 1998 (March issue), table C-1 will present
estimates for regions and/or divisions obtained by summing the official State estimates produced and published through the
Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The regional aggregations to be published, however, have not yet been
determined.
126
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
May
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
2,108.6
2,009.2
99.4
4.7
2,109.2
2,009.0
100.2
4.8
2,119.1
2,013.9
105.2
5.0
2,125.5
2,023.9
101.5
4.8
2,127.2
2,028.5
98.8
4.6
321.4
299.2
22.2
6.9
322.9
299.5
23.4
7.3
324.0
299.4
24.6
7.6
324.7
300.3
24.4
7.5
325.0
300.9
24.1
7.4
324.9
300.7
24.2
7.4
2,281.6
2,174.2
107.4
4.7
2,268.2
2,169.3
98.9
4.4
2,282.9
2,186.2
96.6
4.2
2,291.8
2,190.5
101.3
4.4
2,290.5
2,193.3
97.1
4.2
2,295.6
2,206.5
89.1
3.9
2,307.0
2,206.6
100.4
4.4
1,241.3
1,183.7
57.6
4.6
1,238.6
1,181.7
56.9
4.6
1,244.6
1,180.1
64.4
5.2
1,247.8
1,179.1
68.7
5.5
1,246.4
1,179.7
66.7
5.3
1,243.8
1,179.5
64.3
5.2
1,240.7
1,178.4
62.3
5.0
1,241.5
1,183.1
58.4
4.7
15,839.2
14,792.5
1,046.7
6.6
15,874.2
14,836.0
1,038.3
6.5
15,848.5
14,842.0
1,006.4
6.4
15,833.8
14,840.1
993.7
6.3
15,874.2
14,887.3
987.0
6.2
15,918.6
14,924.7
993.8
6.2
15,923.9
14,911.2
1,012.7
6.4
15,942.9
14,930.4
1.012.4
6.4
15,931.4
15,000.2
931.2
5.8
2,131.8
2,064.6
67.3
3.2
2,144.4
2,075.3
69.1
3.2
2,149.8
2,078.4
71.4
3.3
2,140.2
2,065.7
74.5
3.5
2,151.7
2,076.9
74.8
3.5
2,168.6
2,101.3
67.3
3.1
2,167.0
2,097.8
69.2
3.2
2,177.1
2,103.2
73.9
3.4
2,196.6
2,130.3
66.3
3.0
2,207.9
2,138.3
69.7
3.2
1,735.6
1,645.9
89.7
5.2
1,731.4
1,646.0
85.4
4.9
1,732.6
1,646.9
85.7
4.9
1,741.5
1,651.7
89.8
5.2
1,741.7
1,651.2
90.5
5.2
1,749.2
1,657.7
91.5
5.2
1,746.6
1,663.1
83.5
4.8
1,741.5
1,661.7
79.8
4.6
1,742.9
1,663.5
79.3
4.6
1,739.0
1,656.9
82.0
4.7
1,730.2
1,649.4
80.8
4.7
384.4
364.2
20.2
5.3
393.1
373.6
19.4
4.9
393.2
374.5
18.6
4.7
393.6
375.2
18.4
4.7
390.7
374.4
16.3
4.2
389.4
373.5
15.8
4.1
390.9
374.0
16.9
4.3
391.2
374.3
16.9
4.3
390.8
374.4
16.3
4.2
390.2
375.7
14.6
3.7
389.1
375.2
13.9
3.6
388.2
376.5
11.7
3.0
269.5
247.5
22.0
8.2
270.0
247.3
22.7
8.4
267.6
246.7
20.9
7.8
266.1
246.4
19.7
7.4
269.2
248.1
21.1
7.8
266.7
247.5
19.3
7.2
266.8
248.6
18.2
6.8
256.6
239.4
17.2
6.7
257.2
238.3
19.0
7.4
262.0
241.0
21.0
8.0
262.2
241.0
21.3
8.1
259.7
237.5
22.1
8.5
259.4
239.2
20.2
7.8
6,982.6
6,639.0
343.6
4.9
6,997.1
6,656.1
340.9
4.9
7,100.2
6,752.6
347.6
4.9
7,094.6
6,748.1
346.5
4.9
7,098.3
6,741.8
356.5
5.0
7,099.6
6,742.5
357.1
5.0
7,144.3
6,785.0
359.2
5.0
7,144.3
6,789.8
354.5
5.0
7,143.9
6,813.2
330.7
4.6
7,177.5
6,837.4
340.1
4.7
7,183.0
6,840.8
342.2
4.8
7,191.5
6,858.6
332.9
4.6
7,204.7
6,875.2
329.5
4.6
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
2,097.3
2,000.0
97.3
4.6
2,096.7
2,002.6
94.1
4.5
319.9
294.8
25.1
7.8
June
Feb.
Mar.
2,088.3
1,996.6
91.8
4.4
2,096.1
2,003.4
92.7
4.4
2,105.8
2,010.2
95.6
4.5
2,098.9
2,006.1
92.8
4.4
2,099.9
2,002.0
97.9
4.7
2,095.7
2,000.9
94.9
4.5
320.9
295.4
25.5
7.9
320.6
296.5
24.1
7.5
322.1
297.6
24.5
7.6
323.4
298.1
25.3
7.8
323.8
298.1
25.7
7.9
322.0
299.9
22.1
6.9
2,262.3
2,136.6
125.7
5.6
2,262.5
2,139.6
122.9
5.4
2,293.9
2,173.9
120.0
5.2
2,278.5
2,161.8
116.8
5.1
2,273.8
2,163.5
110.3
4.8
2,272.6
2,164.6
108.0
4.8
1,239.6
1,171.4
68.2
5.5
1,239.7
1.173.2
66.5
5.4
1.242.5
1,175.8
66.7
5.4
1,245.2
1.177.7
67.5
5.4
1,250.2
1,182.1
68.1
5.4
15,684.6
14,594.8
1,089.8
6.9
15,665.0
14.598.4
1,066.6
6.8
15.770.7
14,687.0
1,083.7
6.9
15,785.3
14,745.9
1,039.4
6.6
2.101.6
2,015.8
85.8
4.1
2,100.4
2,015.9
84.5
4.0
2,129.0
2,050.0
79.0
3.7
1,723.3
1,624.0
99.3
5.8
1,722.0
1,623.0
99.0
5.7
383.9
363.5
20.5
5.3
Apr.
July
Alabama
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ....
Unemployment rate
. ..
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
127
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
3.798.0
3,621.3
176.8
4.7
3,803.6
3,625.3
178.2
4.7
3,826.3
3,648.6
177.7
4.6
3,835.0
3,655.3
179.7
4.7
3,842.1
3,663.2
178.9
4.7
3,846.9
3,680.1
166.7
4.3
3,853.6
3,680.5
173.1
4.5
3,870.3
3,699.9
170.4
4.4
596.6
556.7
39.9
6.7
596.0
557.1
38.9
6.5
594.6
560.8
33.8
5.7
593.9
560.9
33.0
5.6
593.1
558.8
34.3
5.8
593.6
558.3
35.3
5.9
590.2
555.6
34.6
5.9
628.5
595.1
33.5
5.3
631.1
596.1
35.0
5.6
636.3
602.8
33.5
5.3
631.6
599.1
32.5
5.1
632.0
598.4
33.6
5.3
634.6
602.5
32.1
5.1
6,114.2
5.795.0
319.2
5.2
6.126.8
5,806.7
320.1
5.2
6,130.2
5.821.7
308.5
5.0
6,131.8
5,827.6
304.2
5.0
6,149.6
5,841.9
307.7
5.0
3,058.5
2.945.8
112.7
3.7
3,048.1
2.938.3
109.8
3.6
3,076.8
2,982.6
94.3
3.1
3,062.7
2.975.3
87.4
2.9
1,605.1
1,543.1
61.9
3.9
1,610.0
1,548.3
61.6
3.8
1,603.6
1,545.9
57.7
3.6
1,348.3
1.285.8
62.5
4.6
1,347.2
1,285.4
61.8
4.6
1,876.1
1,769.0
107.2
5.7
May
June
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
3,870.1
3,701.1
169.0
4.4
3,901.4
3,730.7
170.7
4.4
3,905.7
3,729.7
176.0
4.5
3,903.8
3,756.3
147.5
3.8
3,923.3
3,769.1
154.2
3.9
593.4
556.9
36.5
6.2
597.5
560.0
37.5
6.3
598.8
562.5
36.3
6.1
598.0
562.5
35.5
5.9
596.9
561.7
35.1
5.9
591.0
557.4
33.6
5.7
636.7
605.9
30.8
4.8
639.5
608.6
30.9
4.8
641.1
609.6
31.4
4.9
638.9
605.6
33.3
5.2
641.5
609.6
31.9
5.0
642.4
610.0
32.5
5.1
639.4
608.7
30.7
4.8
6,139.5
5,844.1
295.4
4.8
6,117.6
5,849.3
268.3
4.4
6,121.1
5,849.4
271.7
4.4
6,145.0
5,856.9
288.1
4.7
6,146.2
5,872.2
274.0
4.5
6,132.0
5,852.4
279.6
4.6
6,134.0
5,860.4
273.6
4.5
6.148.3
5,855.7
292.6
4.8
3,083.6
2,985.2
98.4
3.2
3.098.2
2.997.9
100.3
3.2
3,106.0
3,006.8
99.1
3.2
3,108.5
3,006.7
101.8
3.3
3,121.4
3,021.6
99.8
3.2
3,120.6
3,010.8
109.8
3.5
3,122.6
3,011.4
111.2
3.6
3,121.6
2,999.8
121.8
3.9
3,120.2
3.012.7
107.5
3.4
1,615.0
1,558.0
57.0
3.5
1,627.0
1,574.2
52.8
3.2
1,619.2
1,565.6
53.6
3.3
1,615.3
1,566.6
48.8
3.0
1,610.8
1,561.9
48.9
3.0
1,599.6
1,557.9
41.7
2.6
1,583.0
1,539.6
43.4
2.7
1,592.7
1,549.5
43.1
2.7
1,592.0
1,550.5
41.6
2.6
1,580.1
1,537.6
42.4
2.7
1,385.2
1,329.6
55.6
4.0
1,383.6
1,329.2
54.5
3.9
1,382.0
1,328.8
53.2
3.8
1,384.0
1,328.9
55.1
4.0
1,383.1
1,327.6
55.5
4.0
1,380.5
1,328.2
52.4
3.8
1,392.5
1,338.4
54.2
3.9
1,392.3
1,340.5
51.8
3.7
1,397.4
1,343.7
53.7
3.8
1,396.8
1,344.5
52.4
3.7
1.391.8
1,340.8
50.9
3.7
1,880.1
1.770.6
109.6
5.8
1,913.8
1,808.4
105.4
5.5
1,911.3
1,805.9
105.5
5.5
1,916.0
1,813.5
102.5
5.4
1,924.0
1,824.4
99.6
5.2
1.920.6
1,821.1
99.5
5.2
1,920.1
1,820.9
99.3
5.2
1,928.7
1,826.5
102.2
5.3
1,924.2
1,821.9
102.3
5.3
1,926.4
1.826.3
100.1
5.2
1,932.1
1,835.3
96.8
5.0
1,936.3
1,846.5
89.8
4.6
2,016.8
1,886.6
130.2
6.5
2,023.7
1,890.8
132.9
6.6
2,011.9
1,896.9
115.0
5.7
2,012.0
1,906.8
105.2
5.2
2,030.6
1,912.4
118.2
5.8
2,022.0
1,909.6
112.4
5.6
2,019.4
1,892.8
126.5
6.3
2,004.9
1,879.0
125.9
6.3
2.005.7
1,878.2
127.5
6.4
2,013.1
1,891.8
121.3
6.0
2,005.5
1,890.6
114.9
5.7
2,014.6
1,896.0
118.6
5.9
2,018.2
1,895.9
122.3
6.1
674.0
641.9
32.0
4.8
674.7
643.1
31.6
4.7
667.8
638.1
29.7
4.4
666.8
637.9
29.0
4.3
672.6
643.3
29.3
4.4
669.1
637.3
31.8
4.7
668.7
636.3
32.4
4.8
670.0
637.8
32.1
4.8
668.4
634.3
34.1
5.1
669.1
637.3
31.7
4.7
667.1
635.3
31.8
4.8
667.5
634.4
33.1
5.0
661.3
630.1
31.2
4.7
Apr.
July
Georgia
Civilian labor forcG
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ...
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
128
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
May
June
2,772.3
2,640.3
132.1
4.8
2,779.8
2,648.5
131.3
4.7
2,776.0
2,644.7
131.3
4.7
3,217.0
3,089.7
127.3
4.0
3,234.1
3,101.4
132.7
4.1
3,236.6
3,099.6
137.0
4.2
4,891.4
4,671.6
219.8
4.5
4,880.3
4,671.9
208.4
4.3
4,874.0
4,661.4
212.6
4.4
2,648.4
2,555.8
92.6
3.5
2,650.3
2,570.7
79.6
3.0
2,652.3
2,571.4
80.9
3.1
1,262.7
1,189.3
73.4
5.8
1,269.4
1,199.1
70.4
5.5
1,277.8
1,205.9
71.9
5.6
2,923.1
2,782.5
140.6
4.8
2,925.5
2,784.1
141.4
4.8
2,865.6
2,739.1
126.5
4.4
451.0
429.3
21.7
4.8
449.3
427.7
21.6
4.8
918.3
890.9
27.4
3.0
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
2,807.8
2,677.7
130.1
4.6
2,806.5
2,679.4
127.2
4.5
2,759.1
2,632.6
126.5
4.6
2,760.2
2,634.8
125.5
4.5
2,764.3
2,639.6
124.7
4.5
3,202.5
3,076.7
125.7
3.9
3,200.6
3,075.2
125.4
3.9
3,216.6
3,085.8
130.9
4.1
3,213.8
3,092.6
121.2
3.8
4,845.3
4,614.4
230.9
4.8
4,845.3
4,612.9
232.4
4.8
4,887.8
4,647.9
239.9
4.9
2,613.2
2,509.6
103.6
4.0
2,613.8
2,511.2
102.6
3.9
1,262.9
1,188.2
74.8
5.9
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
2,775.8
2,644.7
131.1
4.7
2,762.2
2,637.7
124.5
4.5
2,764.8
2,634.6
130.2
4.7
2,765.0
2,636.0
128.9
4.7
2,768.1
2,641.1
127.0
4.6
3,226.3
3,098.5
127.8
4.0
3,235.1
3,110.0
125.2
3.9
3,244.5
3,105.8
138.8
4.3
3,244.4
3,114.1
130.3
4.0
3,250.0
3,128.5
121.4
3.7
3,261.1
3,133.7
127.3
3.9
4,875.5
4,678.3
197.2
4.0
4,866.3
4,669.6
196.7
4.0
4,863.3
4,673.5
189.8
3.9
4,846.4
4,665.5
180.9
3.7
4,862.4
4,665.7
196.7
4.0
4,891.1
4,699.3
191.8
3.9
4,911.5
4,714.5
197.0
4.0
2,656.2
2,566.3
89.9
3.4
2,659.0
2,571.2
87.7
3.3
2,657.5
2,573.0
84.5
3.2
2,668.1
2,586.2
81.9
3.1
2,675.7
2,589.2
86.5
3.2
2,675.0
2,589.1
85.9
3.2
2,677.3
2,590.7
86.5
3.2
2,678.5
2,602.3
76.2
2.8
1,279.8
1,205.2
74.6
5.8
1,273.1
1,209.2
64.0
5.0
1,272.1
1,209.1
63.1
5.0
1,265.9
1,202.9
63.0
5.0
1,273.5
1,210.0
63.6
5.0
1,274.9
1,204.9
70.0
5.5
1,281.3
1,205.2
76.1
5.9
1,285.9
1,207.7
78.2
6.1
1,289.2
1,216.1
73.1
5.7
2,873.8
2,747.6
126.1
4.4
2,857.0
2,737.8
119.2
4.2
2,863.5
2,736.5
127.1
4.4
2,861.5
2,745.5
116.0
4.1
2,857.2
2,746.9
110.3
3.9
2,852.7
2,750.4
102.4
3.6
2,853.9
2,752.3
101.6
3.6
2,865.5
2,750.9
114.6
4.0
2,878.4
2,759.9
118.5
4.1
2,870.9
2,758.7
112.2
3.9
454.4
432.5
21.9
4.8
453.0
432.4
20.7
4.6
456.0
433.5
22.5
4.9
456.7
432.4
24.3
5.3
459.0
436.5
22.5
4.9
458.4
435.5
23.0
5.0
460.8
437.3
23.5
5.1
465.7
442.1
23.6
5.1
463.5
440.7
22.8
4.9
464.4
441.1
23.3
5.0
463.7
439.5
24.2
5.2
916.5
890.6
26.0
2.8
921.1
898.4
22.7
2.5
918.7
896.3
22.3
2.4
919.8
898.0
21.7
2.4
917.3
899.2
18.1
2.0
919.9
898.6
21.3
2.3
919.0
897.0
22.0
2.4
922.8
900.6
22.2
2.4
922.8
899.7
23.2
2.5
925.2
901.1
24.1
2.6
926.2
905.0
21.2
2.3
926.2
908.6
17.6
1.9
860.8
814.7
46.2
5.4
864.8
817.5
47.3
5.5
881.7
841.1
40.6
4.6
883.9
844.3
39.6
4.5
884.4
844.9
39.5
4.5
887.6
847.7
39.9
4.5
889.3
850.5
38.8
4.4
896.8
856.4
40.4
4.5
901.9
861.8
40.1
4.4
903.8
863.7
40.2
4.4
910.1
870.1
40.0
4.4
904.5
866.7
37.8
4.2
903.2
867.6
35.6
3.9
621.0
595.7
25.3
4.1
620.1
595.9
24.2
3.9
647.3
626.7
20.6
3.2
648.5
626.7
21.8
3.4
640.9
627.5
13.4
2.1
643.9
626.8
17.1
2.7
648.9
630.9
18.1
2.8
651.3
632.3
19.0
2.9
655.8
636.2
19.6
3.0
653.1
635.3
17.8
2.7
652.3
634.1
18.2
2.8
654.5
636.0
18.5
2.8
654.6
634.5
20.1
3.1
Apr.
July
Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
. .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
129
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
May
June
4,139.1
3,924.1
215.0
5.2
4,135.8
3,914.5
221.3
5.4
4,141.9
3,915.2
226.7
5.5
814.2
760.9
53.3
6.5
817.4
765.0
52.4
6.4
820.3
768.8
51.5
6.3
8,691.9
8,144.7
547.2
6.3
8,705.9
8,157.1
548.8
6.3
8,715.9
8,165.0
550.8
6.3
3,821.4
3,674.6
146.8
3.8
3,794.0
3,654.9
139.1
3.7
3,818.0
3,684.5
133.5
3.5
346.9
335.9
11.0
3.2
347.0
336.4
10.7
3.1
347.2
338.1
9.0
2.6
5,670.9
5,383.6
287.3
5.1
5,672.2
5,389.0
283.2
5.0
5,769.4
5,478.3
291.1
5.0
1,588.7
1,526.4
62.3
3.9
1,590.1
1,528.8
61.3
3.9
1 738.7
1,630.3
108.4
6.2
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
4,153.5
3,899.3
254.2
6.1
4,152.1
3,900.6
251.6
6.1
4,145.0
3,898.7
246.4
5.9
4,142.7
3,912.7
230.0
5.6
4,132.6
3,905.5
227.0
5.5
802 4
735.5
66.9
8.3
802 3
736.8
65.5
8.2
818.7
765.0
53.7
6.6
816.3
763.0
53.2
6.5
8,680.6
8,143.3
537.4
6.2
8,686.6
8,147.1
539.5
6.2
8,677.2
8,129.5
547.6
6.3
3,853.3
3,688.9
164.4
4.3
3,860.4
3,697.4
163.0
4.2
346.3
335.6
10.8
3.1
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
4,158.1
3,934.9
223.2
5.4
4,143.2
3,928.1
215.1
5.2
4,147.1
3,924.9
222.3
5.4
4,151.9
3,936.6
215.2
5.2
4,150.9
3,946.1
204.7
4.9
822.1
769.2
52.9
6.4
825.3
772.7
52.6
6.4
826.4
776.0
50.4
6.1
827 3
777.4
49.9
6.0
831.9
782.8
49.1
5.9
832.7
781.7
51.0
6.1
8,750.5
8,195.8
554.7
6.3
8,759.9
8,208.8
551.0
6.3
8,774.8
8,213.8
560.9
6.4
8,779.3
8,217.6
561.7
6.4
8,799.8
8,240.7
559.1
6.4
8,810.5
8,247.9
562.6
6.4
8,804.8
8,254.7
550.1
6.2
3,817.3
3,695.5
121.9
3.2
3,819.8
3,687.0
132.8
3.5
3,796.9
3,657.8
139.1
3.7
3,807.3
3,664.9
142.4
3.7
3,806.6
3,660.5
146.1
3.8
3,810.3
3,669.3
140.9
3.7
3,802.5
3,673.3
129.3
3.4
3,826.6
3,692.6
134.0
3.5
347.1
337.6
9.6
2.8
347.6
337.5
10.0
2.9
350.9
339.4
11.5
3.3
349.5
339.8
9.6
2.8
347.9
338.8
9.1
2.6
346.4
338.0
8.4
2.4
346.4
338.9
7.5
2.2
346.1
339.4
6.7
1.9
346.7
340.0
6.7
1.9
5,792.0
5,474.5
317.5
5.5
5,753.7
5,482.1
271.5
4.7
5,755.2
5,480.6
274.6
4.8
5,744.4
5,482.0
262.4
4.6
5,734.2
5,494.4
239.8
4.2
5,730.8
5,490.2
240.5
4.2
5,747.8
5,503.1
244.7
4.3
5,757.2
5,500.4
256.8
4.5
5,763.9
5,505.9
258.0
4.5
5,773.0
5,516.1
256.8
4.4
1,602.1
1,540.8
61.4
3.8
1,606.0
1,551.8
54.2
3.4
1,601.1
1,544.3
56.8
3.5
1,598.1
1,543.3
54.8
3.4
1,601.2
1,545.2
56.0
3.5
1,598.3
1,539.4
59.0
3.7
1,603.7
1,542.6
61.1
3.8
1,601.9
1,539.9
62.0
3.9
1,594.1
1,532.3
61.8
3.9
1,599.6
1,539.5
60.2
3.8
1,613.4
1,554.4
59.0
3.7
1 743.1
1,633.3
109.8
6.3
1,731.0
1,636.2
94.8
5.5
1,704.1
1,608.7
95.4
5.6
1,713.6
1,614.2
99.5
5.8
1,730.3
1,633.0
97.3
5.6
1,708.0
1,622.6
85.4
5.0
1,696.8
1,610.3
86.5
5.1
1,706.0
1,615.8
90.1
5.3
1,738.0
1,642.4
95.7
5.5
1,759.6
1,664.3
95.4
5.4
1 774 3
1,683.3
91.0
5.1
1 774 3
1,679.8
94.5
5.3
5,926.3
5,637.4
289.0
4.9
5,934.7
5,647.4
287.2
4.8
5,959.2
5,681.5
277.6
4.7
5,980.9
5,686.8
294.2
4.9
5,980.6
5,678.3
302.2
5.1
5,978.0
5,664.6
313.4
5.2
6,004.3
5,694.3
309.9
5.2
5,993.0
5,670.4
322.5
5.4
6,008.4
5,690.2
318.2
5.3
6,002.3
5,686.0
316.3
5.3
5,998.3
5,681.9
316.3
5.3
5,958.2
5,671.1
287.1
4.8
5,980.7
5,693.2
287.6
4.8
500.9
475.9
25.0
5.0
500.7
475.9
24.9
5.0
497.9
473.4
24.5
4.9
495.3
472.2
23.1
4.7
498.2
473.9
24.3
4.9
500.7
474.8
25.8
5.2
501.3
472.8
28.5
5.7
503.1
473.5
29.6
5.9
504.3
476.5
27.9
5.5
506.6
481.5
25.0
4.9
508.8
483.9
24.9
4.9
508.4
482.7
25.7
5.1
505.8
481.5
24.4
4.8
Apr.
July
New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
130
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.P
1,846.7
1,732.3
114.4
6.2
1,846.0
1,733.7
112.3
6.1
1,886.4
1,782.0
104.5
5.5
1,885.8
1,782.1
103.7
5.5
1,893.7
1,794.1
99.6
5.3
1,886.2
1,798.8
87.4
4.6
1,892.0
1,801.0
91.1
4.8
1,904.8
1,807.8
96.9
5.1
1,904.7
1,817.2
87.5
4.6
1,911.6
1,821.0
90.6
4.7
1,902.3
1,814.6
87.7
4.6
1,889.3
1,822.2
67.1
3.6
1,886.6
1,821.0
65.6
3.5
392.0
379.2
12.8
3.3
392.3
379.3
13.0
3.3
391.4
379.2
12.2
3.1
390.1
379.3
10.7
2.7
390.7
379.5
11.2
2.9
389.7
379.1
10.6
2.7
391.3
380.9
10.4
2.7
391.5
380.5
10.9
2.8
391.4
380.6
10.8
2.8
391.6
381.1
10.5
2.7
390.7
380.6
10.1
2.6
392.2
381.8
10.4
2.6
392.7
382.0
10.7
2.7
2,771.8
2,627.9
143.8
5.2
2,769.8
2,629.0
140.8
5.1
2,758.9
2,619.5
139.4
5.1
2,758.7
2,621.7
137.0
5.0
2,755.8
2,613.6
142.2
5.2
2,761.7
2,622.1
139.6
5.1
2,753.0
2,617.6
135.4
4.9
2,758.9
2,613.5
145.4
5.3
2,771.1
2,619.1
152.0
5.5
2,758.8
2,617.3
141.5
5.1
2,763.2
2,613.5
149.7
5.4
2,758.3
2,619.2
139.1
5.0
2,760.7
2,620.6
140.2
5.1
9,804.0
9,274.6
529.4
5.4
9,806.5
9,286.9
519.6
5.3
9,883.4
9,348.2
535.3
5.4
9,918.4
9,357.7
560.6
5.7
9,935.6
9,354.0
581.6
5.9
9,907.1
9,361.7
545.4
5.5
9,931.8
9,394.0
537.8
5.4
9,932.8
9,395.4
537.4
5.4
9,941.2
9,394.4
546.8
5.5
9,941.2
9,405.0
536.2
5.4
9,969.7
9,444.3
525.4
5.3
9,995.2
9,457.8
537.4
5.4
9,978.2
9,476.0
502.3
5.0
1,010.7
976.0
34.7
3.4
1,013.0
979.0
33.9
3.4
1,034.5
1,001.7
32.8
3.2
1,037.2
1,004.1
33.1
3.2
1,041.1
1,011.6
29.6
2.8
1,046.7
1,014.9
31.8
3.0
1,048.8
1,017.0
31.8
3.0
1,047.6
1,014.6
33.0
3.1
1,050.3
1,018.8
31.6
3.0
1,054.3
1,021.5
32.8
3.1
1,055.9
1,026.2
29.7
2.8
1,063.2
1,031.2
32.1
3.0
1,063.0
1,032.8
30.2
2.8
325.9
310.8
15.2
4.7
325.8
310.9
14.9
4.6
328.0
315.0
12.9
3.9
329.0
316.1
12.9
3.9
328.5
315.6
12.9
3.9
328.0
315.3
12.7
3.9
328.4
315.8
12.6
3.8
328.9
316.5
12.4
3.8
329.3
316.8
12.5
3.8
331.1
318.4
12.7
3.8
329.9
317.6
12.3
3.7
332.4
320.0
12.4
3.7
333.6
321.6
11.9
3.6
3,368.4
3,223.4
145.0
4.3
3,370.6
3,227.4
143.2
4.2
3,518.2
3,375.1
143.1
4.1
3,514.8
3,366.2
148.6
4.2
3,521.0
3,373.4
147.6
4.2
3,525.3
3,371.5
153.8
4.4
3,525.2
3,374.4
150.9
4.3
3,521.2
3,370.5
150.7
4.3
3,534.0
3,385.5
148.5
4.2
3,538.0
3,389.4
148.6
4.2
3,538.7
3,396.8
141.9
4.0
3,532.3
3,405.4
126.8
3.6
3,535.9
3,409.0
126.9
3.6
2,906.7
2,722.0
184.7
6.4
2,908.3
2,725.2
183.1
6.3
2,918.8
2,753.1
165.7
5.7
2,917.7
2,771.4
146.2
5.0
2,931.2
2,788.4
142.8
4.9
2,946.5
2,795.9
150.6
5.1
2,943.5
2,802.7
140.9
4.8
2,950.9
2,807.2
143.8
4.9
2,978.9
2,836.8
142.1
4.8
2,989.9
2,839.0
150.9
5.0
2,994.3
2,836.9
157.4
5.3
2,989.3
2,857.8
131.4
4.4
2,995.2
2,870.7
124.6
4.2
814.7
753.9
60.8
7.5
814.1
753.5
60.6
7.4
803.3
745.9
57.4
7.1
807.8
747.0
60.8
7.5
804.8
748.5
56.3
7.0
809.5
749.1
60.4
7.5
796.1
748.3
47.9
6.0
802.3
750.9
51.3
6.4
806.6
752.9
53.7
6.7
803.4
749.3
54.1
6.7
798.1
747.5
50.6
6.3
801.8
749.5
52.3
6.5
802.0
749.3
52.7
6.6
2,941.6
2,841.8
99.8
3.4
2,944.3
2,842.6
101.7
3.5
2,928.9
2,822.5
106.4
3.6
2,926.7
2,824.7
102.1
3.5
2,918.2
2,816.9
101.4
3.5
2,919.5
2,819.3
100.2
3.4
2,914.7
2,815.8
98.9
3.4
2,921.4
2,816.7
104.7
3.6
2,931.6
2,820.9
110.7
3.8
2,935.2
2,829.3
105.9
3.6
2,942.0
2,832.8
109.2
3.7
2,940.8
2,841.4
99.5
3.4
2,958.7
2,857.0
101.7
3.4
257.9
245.0
12.9
5.0
258.1
245.1
13.1
5.1
256.7
245.0
11.8
4.6
256.1
244.8
11.3
4.4
256.2
244.8
11.5
4.5
257.6
244.9
12.7
4.9
257.0
244.8
12.3
4.8
257.5
244.8
12.7
4.9
258.1
245.5
12.6
4.9
256.6
244.9
11.7
4.6
256.3
245.4
10.9
4.3
257.4
246.5
10.9
4.2
256.8
246.1
10.7
4.2
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
131
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
93.9
14.0
4.3
10.8
5.8
2.2
4.4
2.8
2.7
4.2
3.8
2.9
4.9
3.4
2.6
4.6
4.1
3.1
4.4
3.0
2.6
4.0
3.6
2.7
22.6
7.8
24.3
8.2
7.9
5.5
7.0
5.5
7.5
5.7
117.4
51.8
13.8
99.1
43.0
12.2
92.1
40.6
11.1
5.2
3.5
3.6
4.3
2.8
3.2
4.0
2.7
2.9
1,238.1
143.6
95.4
299.7
36.7
61.7
3.6
4.5
10.9
2.8
54.6
3.7
5.0
10.6
2.5
52.9
3.5
4.6
9.9
2.3
5.0
2.6
4.7
3.7
7.6
4.4
2.6
5.2
3.5
6.7
4.3
2.4
4.8
3.3
6.2
16,013.5
297.9
427.4
4,523.9
201.3
1,170.2
1,382.9
1,362.4
739.4
184.1
1,260.3
931.1
938.0
194.4
241.6
247.6
240.1
388.6
15,938.7
296.3
415.6
4,485.0
199.8
1,167.9
1,381.2
1,359.5
741.8
186.4
1,259.7
932.0
939.1
194.2
239.0
244.9
235.8
385.3
1,067.5
37.7
58.5
340.0
26.9
50.8
48.4
95.2
39.6
19.4
58.2
30.6
30.3
11.5
8.7
26.7
16.1
28.8
967.0
36.3
59.2
282.1
24.7
49.6
45.5
96.9
38.5
13.2
53.3
31.1
27.3
9.5
8.3
24.6
14.1
26.9
909.1
35.2
58.4
269.0
24.4
42.7
38.2
81.9
34.4
18.6
44.2
26.3
23.3
9.7
7.7
26.3
13.0
25.5
6.8
13.2
14.0
7.7
13.6
4.4
3.6
7.2
5.4
10.7
4.7
3.3
3.3
5.9
3.7
11.2
6.9
7.5
6.0
12.2
13.8
6.2
12.3
4.2
3.3
7.1
5.2
7.2
4.2
3.3
2.9
4.9
3.4
10.0
5.9
6.9
5.7
11.9
14.1
6.0
12.2
3.7
2.8
6.0
4.6
10.0
3.5
2.8
2.5
5.0
3.2
10.7
5.5
6.6
2,111.2
164.7
239.7
1,055.8
2,211.4
173.9
255.3
1,107.5
2,213.3
174.1
254.8
1,106.9
80.2
5.7
9.9
35.3
60.9
4.2
8.0
26.7
65.3
4.3
8.3
28.4
3.8
3.4
4.1
3.3
2.8
2.4
3.1
2.4
2.9
2.5
3.3
2.6
1,718.9
218.9
107.7
588.9
273.5
154.2
191.7
116.6
1,735.1
219.9
107.1
595.9
275.0
156.8
192.6
120.0
1,725.1
218.7
106.7
591.0
272.6
156.0
193.1
119.6
91.2
13.4
3.8
32.7
14.8
8.9
6.7
6.8
73.2
11.1
2.9
25.7
11.7
7.8
5.4
5.6
74.0
11.2
2.9
26.1
11.6
7.9
5.5
5.5
5.3
6.1
3.6
5.6
5.4
5.8
3.5
5.9
4.2
5.0
2.7
4.3
4.3
5.0
2.8
4.7
4.3
5.1
2.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
2.9
4.6
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
386.4
69.7
291.4
385.9
70.1
286.8
389.8
71.4
289.8
19.4
3.3
17.2
12.9
2.5
10.6
10.7
2.1
8.9
5.0
4.7
5.9
3.4
3.6
3.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
District of Columbia
Washington
268.5
2,542.2
259.0
2,559.9
258.1
2,567.5
21.4
91.2
21.0
88.5
19.7
84.6
8.0
3.6
8.1
3.5
7.6
3.3
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,996.5
188.0
737.4
170.7
101.8
517.1
198.6
196.6
1,042.7
785.5
166.5
246.8
144.0
1,106.7
472.9
7,209.8
192.8
765.6
171.0
105.3
539.9
200.3
201.7
1,053.2
828.2
173.5
259.8
148.8
1,142.7
487.4
7,207.3
191.1
763.2
171.7
104.9
534.1
201.9
200.7
1,055.1
825.1
172.2
260.1
147.1
1,145.2
489.0
342.2
7.7
36.8
5.8
2.8
18.1
12.2
9.9
76.4
27.5
6.2
7.4
4.3
41.0
29.8
337.5
7.1
37.0
5.8
2.6
18.2
12.6
9.1
72.6
27.1
6.4
7.5
4.4
39.1
32.2
325.2
6.9
36.1
5.5
2.6
18.1
11.2
8.7
72.8
26.1
6.3
6.5
4.3
38.5
28.2
4.9
4.1
5.0
3.4
2.7
3.5
6.1
5.1
7.3
3.5
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.7
6.3
4.7
3.7
4.8
3.4
2.5
3.4
6.3
4.5
6.9
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.9
3.4
6.6
4.5
3.6
4.7
3.2
2.4
3.4
5.6
4.4
6.9
3.2
3.7
2.5
2.9
3.4
5.8
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
2,112.4
456.2
164.9
261.7
159.6
79.9
2,131.7
462.8
167.2
268.5
160.8
80.8
2,142.5
466.3
169.1
270.3
161.6
81.7
93.0
13.0
4.5
11.1
6.0
2.4
104.8
15.8
4.4
12.3
6.6
2.5
317.8
141.9
324.0
142.5
322.9
144.0
25.0
7.8
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
2,268.1
1,479.4
380.9
2,312.2
1,524.6
381.9
2,312.0
1,528.1
381.7
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,235.8
140.4
95.7
299.0
37.4
1,240.1
143.3
95.4
299.1
37.0
15,710.9
284.5
419.1
4,442.4
197.8
1,152.5
1,353.2
1,328.3
731.8
182.3
1,241.5
921.2
906.8
194.9
233.9
237.8
234.6
386.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
See footnotes at end of table.
132
Nov.
1997P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor torce
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
146.1
3.4
1.8
62.1
10.0
5.7
6.0
5.1
4.4
5.5
2.9
3.7
6.3
4.6
4.3
4.6
4.1
6.3
2.8
3.4
5.6
5.3
4.5
4.2
3.7
5.8
2.4
3.0
4.9
4.7
3.9
3.8
34.7
21.3
33.3
20.5
6.5
5.5
5.9
5.0
5.6
4.8
31.0
7.5
26.1
6.9
28.8
7.3
4.9
3.5
4.1
3.2
4.5
3.3
6,151.5
81.2
94.5
4,108.8
183.1
59.0
52.9
179.4
193.7
106.2
284.3
1.9
2.8
181.8
7.3
4.8
2.6
8.9
7.5
4.4
249.8
1.7
2.2
163.5
4.9
3.5
2.4
6.7
6.9
3.9
260.7
1.9
2.3
168.1
5.3
3.6
2.5
7.0
7.0
4.1
4.6
2.3
2.9
4.5
3.9
7.9
5.1
4.9
3.9
4.1
4.1
2.1
2.3
4.0
2.7
5.9
4.6
3.7
3.5
3.6
4.2
2.3
2.4
4.1
2.9
6.1
4.7
3.9
3.6
3.9
3,132.6
65.2
95.7
157.9
267.2
306.1
832.0
52.7
91.6
64.2
140.4
75.7
3,121.3
64.9
95.0
157.6
265.9
303.0
830.0
54.1
92.1
64.3
140.1
75.4
103.4
1.2
3.6
5.8
7.1
12.0
21.2
1.6
2.0
2.3
4.5
3.8
111.4
1.4
3.6
6.5
7.8
12.8
24.3
1.8
2.3
2.3
4.9
4.4
99.8
1.3
3.2
5.7
6.7
11.0
21.5
1.6
2.2
2.2
4.3
4.0
3.4
1.9
3.9
3.8
2.7
4.0
2.6
3.0
2.2
3.6
3.3
5.1
3.6
2.2
3.8
4.1
2.9
4.2
2.9
3.4
2.6
3.6
3.5
5.8
3.2
2.0
3.3
3.6
2.5
3.6
2.6
2.9
2.4
3.4
3.1
5.2
1,613.6
111.8
260.6
50.5
67.9
67.2
69.9
1,598.6
110.0
257.8
49.6
65.7
65.8
69.0
1,588.5
110.9
256.2
49.4
65.6
65.5
69.0
58.4
3.1
7.9
2.3
1.9
2.4
2.9
34.9
1.8
4.6
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.9
40.8
2.1
5.2
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.2
3.6
2.8
3.0
4.6
2.9
3.6
4.2
2.2
1.7
1.8
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.7
2.6
1.9
2.0
2.8
2.1
2.7
3.2
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,355.9
52.0
90.7
270.2
1,393.3
52.2
89.8
279.1
1,396.9
52.8
90.1
280.6
61.5
2.5
5.4
11.2
51.5
2.2
4.9
9.4
50.7
2.0
4.4
8.8
4.5
4.8
6.0
4.1
3.7
4.1
5.4
3.4
3.6
3.9
4.9
3.1
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,885.4
245.9
532.8
48.2
1,927.0
258.1
551.3
50.3
1,944.0
259.9
559.4
50.7
103.2
6.6
21.8
2.7
93.2
6.3
20.1
2.4
87.4
5.4
21.0
2.1
5.5
2.7
4.1
5.6
4.8
2.4
3.7
4.9
4.5
2.1
3.7
4.1
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
2,015.8
59.3
294.3
85.4
170.2
89.6
69.6
618.4
186.2
2,022.5
57.9
303.1
89.2
174.8
89.6
70.4
617.1
186.2
2,016.9
57.8
302.6
89.0
174.0
89.3
70.1
616.4
186.2
119.7
3.7
14.7
3.1
8.6
5.5
4.2
34.9
12.0
115.7
3.3
14.6
2.7
10.2
5.2
4.3
33.0
11.7
112.9
3.3
13.8
2.6
9.7
5.4
4.2
31.1
11.3
5.9
6.2
5.0
3.7
5.1
6.2
6.0
5.6
6.4
5.7
5.7
4.8
3.0
5.8
5.8
6.1
5.4
6.3
5.6
5.8
4.5
2.9
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.1
6.1
667.3
53.2
136.0
666.7
53.5
133.2
655.9
53.3
132.2
32.3
2.5
3.4
27.9
2.4
3.3
31.4
2.6
3.3
4.8
4.8
2.5
4.2
4.5
2.4
4.8
4.8
2.5
Nov.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
1996
1997
1997P
1996
3,819.3
56.7
73.7
2,022.1
204.0
118.1
150.0
133.9
3,924.7
59.3
73.5
2,086.0
206.4
121.6
153.3
134.6
3,941.6
59.1
73.9
2,098.5
205.4
121.9
153.4
134.7
168.4
3.1
2.1
75.4
12.8
5.4
6.5
6.2
160.9
3.7
2.0
69.9
11.6
6.5
6.9
5.6
Hawaii
Honolulu
598.4
432.4
593.7
428.3
593.5
428.6
39.1
23.9
Idaho
Boise City
628.1
211.9
641.1
213.9
639.6
218.1
Illinois
Bloom ington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
6,114.4
80.4
94.8
4,066.2
185.8
60.2
51.7
180.1
194.3
106.0
6,133.7
81.0
94.5
4,096.2
182.3
58.7
52.8
179.2
194.1
106.2
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
3,062.0
62.9
93.6
154.5
261.5
299.4
815.3
52.3
88.4
63.0
136.5
74.6
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
,
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
133
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor torce
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Percent of labor force
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
125.0
64.4
4.6
5.0
4.6
5.2
4.5
4.9
106.4
2.4
52.2
4.9
2.9
8.9
5.3
4.7
1.6
9.7
7.5
113.0
3.7
53.5
5.0
3.0
9.4
5.5
5.1
1.8
10.8
8.0
3.5
5.2
3.0
4.0
4.4
5.2
3.6
6.6
4.6
3.7
3.1
3.3
3.3
2.9
3.8
4.2
4.5
3.3
5.9
3.9
3.5
3.0
3.5
5.1
2.9
3.9
4.4
4.7
3.4
6.2
4.3
3.8
3.1
206.2
7.4
4.6
84.3
10.9
20.0
3.2
8.8
7.2
7.8
161.3
5.5
3.5
69.6
9.0
15.8
3.0
7.1
6.0
6.6
173.9
5.7
3.7
70.3
9.2
16.7
3.0
7.8
6.1
7.3
4.2
2.6
5.5
3.9
5.4
3.5
4.3
3.9
3.0
4.0
3.3
1.9
4.3
3.2
4.5
2.8
4.0
3.1
2.5
3.4
3.5
2.0
4.4
3.2
4.5
2.9
3.9
3.5
2.6
3.7
2,684.4
126.7
1,674.9
67.0
95.1
91.7
6.1
44.2
1.6
4.2
77.9
5.6
41.1
1.3
3.0
66.4
5.2
32.1
1.0
2.6
3.5
4.9
2.7
2.5
4.5
2.9
4.4
2.5
1.9
3.1
2.5
4.1
1.9
1.5
2.8
1,279.7
228.1
1,286.0
230.3
64.5
6.5
72.4
8.3
63.6
7.2
5.1
2.9
5.7
3.7
4.9
3.1
2,915.4
950.7
1,377.7
173.5
2,872.5
960.6
1,353.4
168.0
2,870.0
963.8
1,354.3
168.9
129.1
37.7
59.5
5.9
100.7
32.5
48.3
4.5
101.7
31.8
49.0
4.8
4.4
4.0
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.6
2.7
3.5
3.3
3.6
2.8
Montana
447.3
461.7
460.0
21.2
20.6
23.6
4.7
4.5
5.1
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
919.5
141.1
375.3
929.0
143.1
391.4
927.1
144.5
393.0
24.8
3.3
10.8
20.5
2.4
9.3
15.6
1.8
7.4
2.7
2.4
2.9
2.2
1.7
2.4
1.7
1.3
1.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
862.6
650.7
168.7
906.2
689.0
174.2
904.0
688.7
173.7
43.4
32.6
7.4
36.5
28.7
5.5
33.7
26.0
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.4
4.0
4.2
3.2
3.7
3.8
3.2
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
622.7
96.4
95.7
119.7
650.3
99.9
102.3
121.7
654.6
101.4
103.3
122.5
24.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
15.6
2.2
2.4
2.5
19.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.9
3.4
3.8
3.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.0
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.5
4,155.9
171.0
679.6
290.7
623.5
510.7
1,015.5
170.1
65.2
4,154.0
174.3
673.3
290.3
626.8
512.9
1,017.2
167.2
65.4
4,156.7
172.1
674.6
289.7
629.5
510.8
1,016.3
169.1
66.0
240.5
17.1
39.5
24.9
25.3
27.1
56.9
8.9
6.3
202.9
13.3
32.7
21.2
22.6
23.4
51.0
7.4
4.8
194.2
15.1
30.7
20.2
20.6
23.0
46.6
6.9
5.3
5.8
10.0
5.8
8.5
4.1
5.3
5.6
5.2
9.7
4.9
7.6
4.9
7.3
3.6
4.6
5.0
4.4
7.3
4.7
8.8
4.6
7.0
3.3
4.5
4.6
4.1
8.1
806.0
347.8
67.6
72.1
832.2
361.8
70.5
73.8
835.4
365.2
69.4
73.5
63.1
18.3
6.2
3.7
47.5
15.4
5.0
2.7
47.9
14.7
5.0
2.6
7.8
5.3
9.2
5.1
5.7
4.2
7.1
3.6
5.7
4.0
7.2
3.5
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
2,810.2
1,326.2
2,769.5
1,304.8
2,771.2
1,308.9
128.1
65.8
127.1
67.2
3,205.2
69.2
1,784.0
128.4
68.5
193.0
156.3
80.0
40.1
281.0
248.0
3,247.5
72.8
1,809.5
127.9
68.8
198.4
159.5
80.9
40.5
280.4
251.8
3,262.4
71.1
1,820.9
129.4
69.3
200.3
160.4
81.6
40.6
282.0
253.9
112.6
3.6
53.2
5.2
3.0
10.0
5.6
5.3
1.8
10.3
7.7
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,852.0
282.5
83.0
2,175.9
202.8
564.1
74.8
225.5
238.7
193.9
4,893.4
283.9
82.6
2,199.9
200.5
573.7
74.9
225.2
237.7
195.6
4,916.6
286.5
83.2
2,213.6
202.2
575.9
75.2
226.1
239.4
196.5
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,620.3
125.1
1,631.3
64.2
93.9
2,694.4
126.3
1,674.0
67.3
95.1
Mississippi
Jackson
1,260.9
223.3
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
Maryland
Baltimore
Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
,
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
134
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
521.1
18.2
4.9
30.3
4.2
2.0
4.3
50.7
307.2
285.4
6.4
22.6
16.5
7.4
5.9
3.8
3.7
4.6
3.7
3.6
6.2
3.4
8.0
8.9
3.6
3.4
4.3
4.7
6.1
4.1
3.7
5.0
3.8
4.5
5.6
3.8
8.2
9.0
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.7
5.9
4.0
3.9
5.2
3.5
4.4
7.0
3.6
7.7
8.5
3.8
3.9
4.5
5.2
122.9
2.5
21.0
16.2
10.7
130.3
2.7
19.5
16.9
10.9
4.1
2.9
3.6
3.0
2.2
3.2
2.3
2.8
2.6
1.8
3.4
2.4
2.6
2.7
1.8
10.3
1.6
1.9
1.5
5.0
0.7
1.1
1.2
6.5
1.0
1.2
1.2
3.0
3.1
2.0
2.7
1.4
1.4
1.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.1
2.1
5,795.2
368.5
206.6
841.8
1,137.7
823.5
485.6
172.1
77.5
86.8
58.0
320.4
286.9
275.9
17.6
10.4
32.2
60.3
23.6
20.6
6.1
4.2
5.0
3.8
18.6
17.2
232.7
13.9
8.2
29.9
48.1
21.6
18.2
5.6
3.3
4.9
4.7
14.2
14.7
246.0
14.3
8.6
28.5
51.4
22.5
18.3
5.9
3.4
5.0
4.5
14.1
15.6
4.8
4.8
5.2
3.9
5.4
2.9
4.3
3.6
5.5
5.9
6.7
5.8
6.0
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.2
2.6
3.8
3.3
4.3
5.6
8.0
4.4
5.1
4.2
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.5
2.7
3.8
3.4
4.3
5.8
7.8
4.4
5.5
1,611.1
27.2
41.8
528.2
400.4
1,616.5
27.3
41.5
531.1
401.8
58.5
0.8
1.8
15.6
11.9
60.8
0.9
2.0
16.7
12.8
55.9
0.8
1.6
15.2
11.5
3.7
3.0
4.5
3.0
3.0
3.8
3.2
4.8
3.2
3.2
3.5
2.8
4.0
2.9
2.9
1,732.7
159.8
86.4
1,015.3
163.4
1,772.8
164.0
87.3
1,040.5
167.7
1,771.2
164.5
88.4
1,046.9
165.6
102.8
9.3
6.8
45.6
9.0
79.7
7.5
4.6
37.4
7.3
90.3
8.3
5.4
39.2
8.5
5.9
5.8
7.9
4.5
5.5
4.5
4.6
5.3
3.6
4.3
5.1
5.0
6.1
3.7
5.1
5,955.6
304.6
62.9
140.1
349.7
105.4
241.2
2,480.9
1,156.9
183.2
314.1
55.8
68.6
59.1
194.2
5,992.8
307.1
62.4
141.3
354.8
105.8
244.9
2,499.8
1,151.3
186.0
313.7
57.0
69.8
60.1
195.0
6,006.5
306.3
62.9
141.4
354.4
106.4
244.3
2,510.2
1,158.1
185.5
314.8
57.5
69.3
60.5
195.1
277.0
13.8
3.1
7.5
9.5
7.8
6.4
120.8
49.7
6.5
19.4
2.5
1.7
3.4
7.0
266.8
13.8
3.1
6.7
10.2
6.5
6.8
112.8
46.2
6.9
19.5
2.0
1.6
3.6
6.5
274.2
13.3
3.2
7.1
10.2
7.4
6.9
110.1
49.0
7.0
20.4
2.1
1.7
3.6
6.6
4.7
4.5
5.0
5.4
2.7
7.4
2.6
4.9
4.3
3.6
6.2
4.5
2.5
5.8
3.6
4.5
4.5
4.9
4.7
2.9
6.2
2.8
4.5
4.0
3.7
6.2
3.6
2.3
6.0
3.3
4.6
4.3
5.0
5.0
2.9
7.0
2.8
4.4
4.2
3.7
6.5
3.6
2.4
6.0
3.4
504.6
577.8
511.9
583.4
510.5
583.4
22.6
27.0
25.9
29.5
22.3
26.2
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.0
4.4
4.5
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,663.1
444.0
123.1
571.1
118.1
44.6
59.6
1,366.1
3,960.4
3,331.0
168.6
569.2
363.2
140.9
8,796.8
451.4
125.8
579.3
119.4
44.8
61.0
1,404.5
3,998.5
3,359.5
170.3
578.6
367.8
142.4
8,786.0
452.5
126.8
579.9
119.1
44.6
60.5
1,403.8
3,991.3
3,353.0
169.6
578.1
367.7
143.1
510.4
17.0
4.5
26.1
4.4
1.6
3.7
46.3
317.2
295.2
6.0
19.5
15.5
6.6
536.4
18.3
4.7
29.0
4.6
2.0
3.4
53.8
327.2
303.5
6.7
22.2
16.0
6.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,856.6
111.3
746.7
642.0
590.4
3,825.5
110.7
742.4
630.0
594.6
3,837.7
112.6
741.1
632.4
597.4
156.9
3.3
26.5
19.5
13.0
341.9
52.0
98.5
55.3
346.9
52.4
102.4
57.6
342.5
52.3
101.8
57.3
5,692.4
364.1
202.2
824.4
1,115.1
804.9
479.7
168.6
76.5
84.9
57.0
320.4
284.4
5,782.6
369.3
206.7
841.3
1,133.9
820.7
484.5
171.2
77.3
86.6
58.1
319.9
286.6
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,591.9
26.8
40.9
525.3
392.9
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
See footnotes at end of table.
Percent of labor force
135
NOV.
1997P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor rorce
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
59.7
6.5
5.1
9.8
5.8
5.2
3.6
4.3
3.8
3.2
2.3
2.6
3.2
2.6
1.9
2.0
8.2
1.1
1.3
9.9
1.2
1.5
3.0
3.4
1.9
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.5
2.6
1.6
137.8
9.4
9.7
13.4
22.7
20.1
134.9
10.2
10.8
12.1
25.9
21.7
134.4
10.6
10.7
13.5
23.8
20.4
4.9
4.2
4.2
3.8
4.1
3.2
4.8
4.6
4.7
3.5
4.7
3.4
4.8
4.7
4.6
3.9
4.3
3.2
10,013.6
61.1
115.8
648.5
181.6
107.8
128.7
72.6
180.4
1,842.9
291.4
869.1
127.7
2,067.0
116.5
71.3
103.2
126.5
199.1
121.1
50.6
752.2
49.8
57.2
89.2
42.9
102.7
66.0
524.2
2.5
4.6
20.9
15.1
7.1
14.7
1.6
15.2
66.3
33.6
30.2
10.6
100.8
5.3
7.9
7.6
4.0
36.2
6.1
1.6
29.1
2.1
4.2
5.3
2.0
4.1
2.7
492.3
2.1
3.8
19.0
13.7
6.9
15.0
1.3
12.0
64.3
32.9
28.4
9.3
93.7
5.7
6.3
7.3
4.3
31.1
5.4
1.6
28.9
2.0
3.7
8.0
1.8
4.4
2.6
490.2
2.1
3.7
18.8
13.7
6.9
15.8
1.3
11.5
63.0
29.2
28.3
9.1
91.8
5.6
6.5
7.3
4.3
35.2
5.3
1.6
28.8
1.9
4.2
5.3
1.7
4.3
2.8
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.2
8.4
6.6
11.8
2.2
8.4
3.7
11.5
3.6
8.3
5.0
4.7
11.4
7.3
3.3
18.8
5.0
3.1
4.0
4.2
7.3
6.0
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.9
3.4
3.3
2.9
7.6
6.4
11.7
1.8
6.6
3.5
11.1
3.3
7.2
4.5
4.9
8.9
7.0
3.4
16.2
4.5
3.1
3.8
3.9
6.5
8.8
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.9
3.5
3.2
2.9
7.6
6.4
12.2
1.8
6.4
3.4
10.0
3.3
7.1
4.4
4.8
9.1
7.1
3.4
17.7
4.3
3.1
3.8
3.8
7.3
6.0
4.0
4.2
4.3
1,068.7
159.5
688.0
1,069.5
161.2
687.5
34.8
4.3
20.8
31.4
3.8
20.1
30.4
3.6
19.2
3.4
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.4
2.9
2.8
2.2
2.8
326.1
98.6
334.3
101.3
333.5
101.8
15.0
3.1
11.2
2.5
12.1
2.4
4.6
3.1
3.3
2.4
3.6
2.4
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ....
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,353.5
71.4
56.2
101.5
714.0
482.8
126.2
3,507.2
75.9
57.7
106.1
735.9
508.2
132.0
3,518.0
75.7
57.5
106.9
736.3
511.8
132.4
137.1
1.7
3.8
3.5
33.3
17.4
3.5
122.2
1.4
3.2
3.3
31.6
16.7
3.6
119.2
1.3
2.9
3.1
30.0
15.9
3.5
4.1
2.4
6.8
3.5
4.7
3.6
2.8
3.5
1.8
5.5
3.1
4.3
3.3
2.7
3.4
1.7
5.1
2.9
4.1
3.1
2.6
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,898.0
1,297.5
203.1
322.3
3,006.1
1,352.1
207.3
326.1
2,985.1
1,370.6
209.5
328.4
188.3
60.8
11.3
19.3
124.5
41.3
7.9
14.4
132.9
39.8
8.3
14.1
6.5
4.7
5.6
6.0
4.1
3.1
3.8
4.4
4.5
2.9
4.0
4.3
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
1,836.7
240.3
257.6
470.0
1,890.4
250.3
271.5
488.9
1,876.0
250.1
271.3
486.9
106.6
12.5
9.3
20.0
72.4
8.1
6.2
12.5
390.5
46.0
94.2
392.4
47.0
96.2
391.4
46.8
97.5
11.9
1.6
1.8
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,805.1
221.6
230.0
352.8
548.1
633.8
2,794.5
223.8
230.2
346.9
549.3
639.2
2,796.7
225.3
230.5
349.1
549.2
638.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
9,846.4
61.0
114.1
644.4
180.8
107.3
124.4
72.0
181.7
1,786.9
292.5
846.2
126.6
2,034.9
113.5
69.3
103.7
124.1
193.0
120.7
51.1
736.0
50.0
57.8
87.8
42.2
101.1
66.0
10,006.8
61.1
115.8
647.6
181.0
107.9
128.1
72.6
180.9
1,839.6
295.3
869.0
128.1
2,065.7
116.6
71.0
103.3
126.4
191.3
121.3
50.7
752.0
50.0
56.7
90.4
43.1
103.2
65.8
1,019.3
152.9
655.8
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
Vermont
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.
136
Nov.
1997P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
Nov.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Nov.
1997P
Oct.
1997
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997P
812.5
131.2
137.3
77.7
73.8
799.3
128.9
140.9
77.6
72.6
801.7
130.6
141.2
78.8
73.7
57.4
6.3
8.9
4.4
3.6
46.2
5.6
9.4
3.6
3.3
49.9
5.8
8.9
4.5
3.7
7.1
4.8
6.5
5.6
4.8
5.8
4.3
6.7
4.6
4.6
6.2
4.5
6.3
5.8
5.1
2,930.1
221.8
81.0
131.3
77.7
76.4
72.6
263.2
806.3
93.8
61.0
70.9
2,940.6
222.3
81.6
130.2
77.2
76.4
72.8
261.0
805.9
95.1
61.8
71.7
2,951.2
222.0
82.6
130.9
77.4
77.0
73.2
262.9
812.7
95.8
61.7
72.1
86.3
5.2
2.4
3.4
2.7
2.2
1.7
3.7
24.5
3.3
1.4
2.0
82.2
5.5
1.9
3.3
2.6
2.2
1.6
3.4
24.8
3.2
1.3
1.9
88.5
5.8
2.4
3.5
2.7
2.1
1.8
3.7
24.5
3.2
1.4
2.2
2.9
2.3
3.0
2.6
3.4
2.8
2.4
1.4
3.0
3.5
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.6
3.3
2.9
2.2
1.3
3.1
3.4
2.1
2.6
3.0
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
2.7
2.5
1.4
3.0
3.3
2.2
3.0
257.0
33.6
258.4
33.5
256.0
33.8
12.3
1.9
9.4
1.5
10.2
1.5
4.8
5.8
3.7
4.4
4.0
4.6
1,317.4
113.8
93.7
110.6
721.9
1,314.7
120.0
93.8
110.1
710.6
1,325.4
121.1
94.5
110.7
715.6
154.1
11.8
12.5
18.8
67.1
179.1
14.2
17.6
19.5
77.4
176.8
13.8
15.3
19.7
77.4
11.7
10.4
13.3
17.0
9.3
13.6
11.8
18.8
17.7
10.9
13.3
11.4
16.1
17.8
10.8
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
Nov.
1996
Percent of labor force
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
137
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1994
1996
1995
IV
1997
IV
IV
IV
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not In labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
197,600 197,882 198,296 198,807 199,352 199,776 200,280 200,850 201,457 202,396 202,835 203,367 203,936
131,854 132,146 132,141 132,360 132,598 133,063 133,590 134,155 134,944 135,844 136,103 136,379 136,813
66.5
66.6
66.6
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.8
66.7
67.1
67.1
124,448 124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421
62.9
62.8
62.8
63.8
63.4
63.3
63.1
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.6
64.0
63.8
7,475
7,391
7,518
6,716
7,157
7,089
7,267
7,407
7,249
7,406
7,147
6,392
6,656
5.7
5.6
5.7
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.3
4.7
4.9
94,764
71,346
75.3
67,320
71.0
2,632
64,688
4,025
5.6
23,418
94,815
71,497
75.4
67,605
71.3
2,675
64,930
3,892
5.4
23,318
2,398
61,690
3,337
4.9
87,574
67,505
77.1
64,325
73.5
2,440
61,885
3,180
4.7
20,103
20,069
87,528
67,425
77.0
64,088
73.2
95,029
71,327
75.1
67,314
70.8
2,546
64,768
4,013
5.6
23,702
87,702
67,304
76.7
64,027
73.0
95,292
71,313
74.8
67,268
70.6
2,525
64,743
4,045
5.7
23,978
87,888
61,709
67,212
76.5
63,932
72.7
2,302
61,629
3,278
3,281
4.9
4.9
20,675
2,318
20,398
95,578
71,345
74.6
67,346
70.5
2,499
96,048
96,337
72,013
75.0
68,078
72,169
3,999
5.6
24,233
74.9
67,707
70.7
2,603
65,103
4,010
5.6
24,071
88,082
67,315
88,295
88,513
67,688
67,949
76.8
64,730
73.1
2,310
62,420
3,219
4.7
20,564
64,847
76.4
64,080
72.8
2,294
61,786
3,235
4.8
20,766
76.7
64,424
73.0
2,387
62,037
3,264
4.8
20,607
70.9
2,531
65,546
3,935
5.5
24,035
74.9
68,370
71.0
2,572
65,797
3,800
5.3
24,168
88,666
68,114
76.8
65,050
73.4
2,351
62,699
3,064
4.5
20,552
96,651
72,429
74.9
68,683
71.1
2,593
66,090
3,746
5.2
24,221
88,950
68,402
76.9
65,391
73.5
2,385
63,006
3,011
4.4
20,549
97,324
73,072
75.1
69,291
71.2
2,570
66,721
3,782
5.2
24,251
89,536
68,954
77.0
65,916
73.6
2,346
63,569
3,038
4.4
20,582
97,560
73,166
75.0
69,639
71.4
2,611
67,027
3,527
4.8
24,395
89,758
69,085
77.0
66,255
73.8
2,404
63,851
2,830
4.1
20,673
97,839
73,225
74.8
69,705
71.2
2,543
67,162
3,520
4.8
24,614
89,979
69,168
76.9
66,348
73.7
2,361
63,987
2,820
4.1
20,811
98,139
73,552
74.9
70,111
71.4
2,489
67,621
3,441
4.7
24,587
90,244
69,418
76.9
66,612
73.8
2,312
64,301
2,806
4.0
20,826
102,837 103,067 103,267 103,515 103,774 103,988 104,232 104,512 104,807 105,072 105,275 105,528 105,797
60,509 60,649 60,814 61,047 61,253 61,347 61,578 61,986 62,514 62,772 62,937 63,154 63,261
58.8
59.0
59.0
59.0
58.9
58.8
59.7
59.6
59.3
59.1
59.8
59.8
59.8
57,128 57,292 57,352 57,575 57,862 57,949 58,245 58,697 59,104 59,406 59,748 60,018 60,310
55.7
55.6
55.8
55.6
55.5
55.6
56.4
56.2
55.9
56.8
56.5
56.9
57.0
917
898
832
904
880
913
812
823
828
873
889
875
876
56,211 56,379 56,448 56,743 56,981 57,051 57,357 57,824 58,276 58,583 58,937 59,143 59,434
3,397
3,472
3,381
3,462
3,391
3,357
3,189
3,366
3,411
3,289
3,332
3,136
2,951
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.0
4.7
42,328 42,418 42,453 42,468 42,521 42,642 42,654 42,526 42,292 42,300 42,338 42,374 42,535
95,808
56,909
59.4
54,103
56.5
872
53,231
2,806
4.9
38,899
14,264
7,520
52.7
6,258
43.9
280
5,978
1,263
16.8
6,744
96,006
56,944
59.3
54,162
56.4
874
53,288
2,783
4.9
39,062
14,302
7,697
53.8
6,411
44.8
274
6,137
1,286
16.7
6,605
96,148
57,072
59.4
54,216
56.4
852
53,364
2,856
5.0
39,076
14,446
7,764
53.7
6,423
44.5
280
6,143
1,341
17.3
6,682
96,334
57,317
59.5
54,459
56.5
781
53,678
2,858
5.0
39,017
14,585
7,831
53.7
6,452
44.2
274
6,178
1,379
17.6
6,754
96,558
57,515
59.6
54,740
56.7
822
53,918
2,775
4.8
39,043
14,712
7,767
52.8
6,387
43.4
264
6,123
1,380
17.8
6,944
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1 through
D-10 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
96,757
57,644
59.6
54,836
56.7
847
53,989
2,808
4.9
39,114
14,723
7,732
52.5
6,396
43.4
267
6,128
1,336
17.3
6,992
96,927
57,862
59.7
55,096
56.8
843
54,253
2,766
4.8
39,065
14,839
7,779
52.4
6,497
43.8
267
6,230
1,282
16.5
7,060
97,145
58,229
59.9
55,484
57.1
831
54,652
2,745
4.7
38,916
15,038
7,812
51.9
6,533
43.4
262
6,270
1,279
16.4
7,226
97,371
58,633
60.2
55,817
57.3
784
55,032
2,816
4.8
38,738
15,136
7,909
52.3
6,579
43.5
252
6,327
1,330
16.8
7,227
97,577
58,898
60.4
56,140
57.5
771
55,369
2,757
4.7
38,679
15,283
7,993
52.3
6,641
43.5
276
6,365
1,352
16.9
7,290
97,762
59,100
60.5
98,219
59,437
60.5
55,710
2,626
4.4
98,000
59,342
60.6
56,788
57.9
827
55,961
2,554
4.3
56,212
2,394
4.0
38,663
38,658
38,782
15,315
7,919
51.7
6,659
43.5
256
6,403
1,260
15.9
7,397
15,387
7,869
51.1
6,586
15,473
7,958
51.4
6,766
43.7
223
6,543
1,192
56,473
57.8
763
42.8
229
6,357
1,282
16.3
7,518
57,042
58.1
831
15.0
7,515
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have
been revised based on the experience through December 1997. See the article in
this issue for additional information.
2
95,787
71,717
138
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1994
1996
1995
1997
IV
IV
IV
IV
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
166,067 166,442 166,715 167,063 167,438 167,760 168,098 168,491 168,918 169,499 169,785 170,149 170,540
111,698 111,792 111,802 112,102 112,137 112,502 112,864 113,185 113,869 114,411 114,596 114,683 115,040
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.2
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.3
67.4
67.5
106,259 106,472 106,242 106,648 106,612 107,048 107,478 108,058 108,648 109,298 109,802 109,862 110,465
64.0
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.9
64.1
64.3
64.5
64.7
64.0
64.6
64.8
5,320
5,559
5,525
5,454
5,454
5,386
5,127
5,222
5,114
4,794
5,438
4,821
4,575
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.9
4.2
4.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
57,764
77.5
55,248
74.1
2,516
4.4
57,795
77.4
55,378
74.2
2,417
4.2
57,640
77.1
55,109
73.7
2,531
4.4
57,687
77.0
55,227
73.7
2,461
4.3
57,787
76.9
55,319
73.7
2,468
4.3
58,071
77.2
55,633
73.9
2,438
4.2
58,257
77.3
55,824
74.1
2,433
4.2
58,411
77.4
56,116
74.3
2,295
3.9
58,602
77.4
56,337
74.4
2,265
3.9
59,014
77.6
56,754
74.6
2,261
3.8
59,070
77.5
56,992
74.8
2,078
3.5
59,108
77.4
57,004
74.6
2,104
3.6
59,281
77.4
57,200
74.7
2,080
3.5
47,543
59.3
45,521
56.8
2,022
4.3
47,458
59.0
45,473
56.6
1,985
4.2
47,582
59.1
45,497
56.5
2,084
4.4
47,861
59.4
45,814
56.8
2,047
4.3
47,832
59.2
45,778
56.7
2,054
4.3
47,873
59.2
45,831
56.7
2,042
4.3
48,019
59.3
46,003
56.8
2,016
4.2
48,188
59.4
46,262
57.0
1,926
4.0
48,566
59.8
46,551
57.3
2,015
4.1
48,681
59.9
46,786
57.5
1,895
3.9
48,803
59.9
46,998
57.7
1,804
3.7
48,885
59.9
47,120
57.8
1,765
3.6
49,005
60.0
47,341
57.9
1,664
3.4
6,390
56.5
5,490
48.5
900
14.1
14.9
13.2
6,539
57.5
5,621
49.5
918
14.0
15.3
12.7
6,580
57.5
5,636
49.3
944
14.4
15.4
13.3
6,554
57.0
5,607
48.8
947
14.4
15.3
13.5
6,518
56.3
5,515
47.6
1,003
15.4
16.4
14.3
6,558
56.3
5,584
47.9
974
14.8
16.0
13.6
6,588
56.0
5,650
48.0
937
14.2
15.3
13.1
6,585
55.4
5,679
47.8
906
13.8
15.3
12.1
6,701
55.9
5,760
48.1
942
14.1
15.3
12.7
6,716
55.4
5,758
47.5
958
14.3
15.0
13.5
6,723
55.3
5,812
47.8
912
13.6
14.5
12.6
6,690
54.8
5,739
47.0
951
14.2
14.9
13.5
6,754
55.2
5,924
48.4
830
12.3
12.8
11.7
23,022
14,593
63.4
13,037
56.6
1,556
10.7
23,116
14,774
63.9
13,286
57.5
1,488
10.1
23,194
14,823
63.9
13,278
57.2
1,545
10.4
23,285
14,725
63.2
13,094
56.2
1,631
11.1
23,388
14,948
63.9
13,457
57.5
1,491
10.0
23,454
14,956
63.8
13,397
57.1
1,559
10.4
23,549
15,063
64.0
13,511
57.4
1,552
10.3
23,650
15,204
64.3
13,581
57.4
1,622
10.7
23,761
15,309
64.4
13,675
57.6
1,634
10.7
23,871
15,413
64.6
13,758
57.6
1,655
10.7
23,950
15,413
64.4
13,846
57.8
1,567
10.2
24,043
15,648
65.1
14,152
58.9
1,495
9.6
24,149
15,634
64.7
14,115
58.4
1,519
9.7
6,715
72.7
6,098
66.0
618
9.2
6,800
73.5
6,237
67.5
563
8.3
6,773
73.1
6,176
66.7
597
8.8
6,676
71.8
6,046
65.0
630
9.4
6,676
71.7
6,091
65.4
585
8.8
6,767
72.3
6,114
65.3
653
9.6
6,771
72.0
6,133
65.2
638
9.4
6,829
72.5
6,195
65.8
634
9.3
6,853
72.3
6,224
65.7
630
9.2
6,819
71.7
6,211
65.3
608
8.9
6,869
71.9
6,278
65.8
591
8.6
6,986
72.8
6,425
66.9
561
8.0
6,956
72.2
6,381
66.2
575
8.3
7,009
60.6
6,376
55.2
633
9.0
7,129
61.3
6,497
55.9
632
8.9
7,150
61.3
6,532
56.0
618
8.6
7,101
60.7
6,464
55.2
637
9.0
7,320
62.3
6,728
57.3
592
8.1
7,293
61.9
6,681
56.7
612
8.4
7,352
62.2
6,735
57.0
617
8.4
7,445
62.8
6,784
57.3
661
8.9
7,529
63.3
6,845
57.5
684
9.1
7,617
63.7
6,895
57.7
722
9.5
7,643
63.8
6,961
58.1
682
8.9
7,751
64.4
7,099
59.0
651
8.4
7,734
64.0
7,096
58.7
638
8.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
139
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVCERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1994
1995
IV
1996
III
IV
1997
IV
IV
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
869
39.0
564
25.3
305
35.1
34.3
36.1
845
37.7
552
24.6
293
34.6
34.9
34.4
900
39.6
570
25.1
330
36.7
38.7
34.7
948
41.5
584
25.5
364
38.4
39.7
37.2
952
40.9
638
27.4
315
33.0
35.5
30.6
895
38.7
602
26.0
294
32.8
34.6
31.0
940
40.2
643
27.5
297
31.6
33.8
29.4
929
39.0
602
25.3
327
35.2
39.8
30.4
927
38.8
606
25.4
320
34.6
39.2
30.1
977
40.6
652
27.1
325
33.3
39.4
27.5
901
37.3
606
25.1
294
32.7
37.1
28.4
911
37.8
628
26.0
283
31.0
35.4
27.3
944
39.1
638
26.4
306
32.4
33.7
31.3
18,338
12,155
66.3
11,032
60.2
1,123
9.2
18,413
12,050
65.4
10,930
59.4
1,121
9.3
18,555
12,248
66.0
11,116
59.9
1,132
9.2
18,702
12,377
66.2
11,233
60.1
1,144
9.2
18,845
12,390
65.7
11,219
59.5
1,171
9.4
18,977
12,532
66.0
11,345
59.8
1,186
9.5
19,132
12,603
65.9
11,436
59.8
1,166
9.3
19,292
12,825
66.5
11,705
60.7
1,120
8.7
19,452
13,118
67.4
12,065
62.0
1,053
8.0
20,067
13,656
68.1
12,539
62.5
1,118
8.2
20,236
13,725
67.8
12,659
62.6
1,066
7.8
20,408
13,869
68.0
12,815
62.8
1,054
7.6
20,574
13,916
67.6
12,883
62.6
1,034
7.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on experience through
December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
2
140
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-3. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1994
1996
1995
IV
1997
IV
IV
III
IV
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
101,020 101,388 101,457 101,624 102,227 102,430 103,128 103,853 104,730 105,286 106,100 106,715 107,256
59,716 60,019 59,818 59,868 60,051 60,134 60,570 60,984 61,362 61,720 62,153 62,398 62,761
58,547 58,798 58,600 58,636 58,811 58,912 59,360 59,755 60,138 60,470 60,869 61,112 61,440
41,307 41,375 41,644 41,769 42,161 42,303 42,562 42,862 43,359 43,510 43,945 44,372 44,470
40,569 40,613 40,811 40,970 41,356 41,504 41,724 42,063 42,503 42,635 43,103 43,450 43,572
2,014
2,045
2,018
2,060
1,905
1,976
2,044
2,035
2,181
2,088
2,128
2,153
2,244
23,143
7,427
5,355
15,726
13,406
4,382
23,284
7,473
5,374
15,801
13,487
4,422
23,056
7,361
5,331
15,698
13,393
4,332
23,137
7,504
5,422
23,127
7,438
4,331
23,417
7,518
5,449
15,906
13,531
4,437
15,637
13,328
4,387
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,992
3,459
3,091
2,537
2,281
620
5,762
3,229
2,930
2,460
2,223
609
5,957
3,424
3,014
2,559
2,297
646
5,996
3,446
3,026
2,560
2,270
700
5,941
3,382
2,997
2,561
2,271
674
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,438
591
263
852
532
643
1,474
578
244
889
555
676
1,523
621
264
907
563
697
1,512
600
243
910
589
680
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.6
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.3
24.6
5.4
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.2
23.5
5.5
5.4
4.9
5.8
5.3
24.0
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.8
7.2
4.5
5.1
3.8
12.9
5.9
7.1
4.3
5.3
3.9
13.2
6.2
7.7
4.7
5.5
4.0
13.7
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
23,461
7,657
5,587
15,814
13,543
23,133
7,387
5,317
15,755
13,323
4,494
23,383
7,482
5,358
15,897
13,521
4,504
23,212
7,416
5,321
15,801
13,362
4,529
23,027
7,386
5,319
15,634
13,316
4,393
23,276
15,691
13,370
4,452
23,305
7,466
5,387
15,826
13,413
4,506
5,927
3,336
3,003
2,564
2,280
644
5,835
3,342
2,956
2,527
2,270
609
5,643
3,204
2,813
2,448
2,195
635
5,782
3,213
2,795
2,569
2,291
696
5,702
3,135
2,778
2,521
2,239
685
5,385
3,002
2,602
2,426
2,142
640
5,314
2,968
2,575
2,358
2,096
644
5,135
2,940
2,585
2,226
1,933
617
1,474
643
256
838
508
709
1,468
629
256
830
525
687
1,434
627
262
813
498
674
1,435
599
246
830
544
645
1,406
564
234
844
532
640
1,430
586
256
839
515
659
1,331
567
225
776
485
620
1,326
565
232
756
454
640
1,285
541
236
746
467
582
5.6
5.4
4.9
5.8
5.2
25.7
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.2
24.6
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.2
24.2
5.4
5.2
4.7
5.6
5.2
23.0
5.2
5.0
4.5
5.4
5.0
23.8
5.2
5.0
4.4
5.6
5.1
25.0
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.0
23.9
4.8
4.6
4.1
5.2
4.7
23.1
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.0
4.6
23.0
4.5
4.0
4.8
4.2
21.6
6.1
7.4
4.3
5.4
4.2
13.3
6.0
8.0
4.6
5.1
3.7
14.1
6.0
7.7
4.5
5.0
3.8
13.5
5.8
7.8
4.7
4.9
3.6
13.2
5.8
7.4
4.4
5.0
3.9
12.5
5.7
7.1
4.2
5.1
3.8
12.5
5.8
7.3
4.6
5.0
3.7
12.8
5.4
7.1
4.1
4.7
3.5
12.0
5.4
7.1
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.7
5.2
6.8
4.3
4.5
3.3
11.3
5,306
7,431
5,246
15,861
13,479
4,551
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
141
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-4. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995
1994
1996
1997
Category
IV
IV
IV
II
III
IV
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
124,448 124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421
41,554 41,948 42,002 42,129 42,113 42,197 42,409 42,501 42,556 42,602 42,426 42,637 42,897
31,763 31,946 32,080 32,074 32,142 32,116 32,341 32,627 32,535 32,668 32,574 32,840 32,931
7,171
7,241
7,321
7,111
7,106
7,329
7,606
7,145
7,325
7,481
7,881
7,810
7,804
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty .. 34,385
Technical, sales, and administrative
37,696
support
16,851
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair... 13,669
18,075
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
3,750
Farming, forestry, and fishing
34,739
35,155
35,662
35,710
35,833
36,369
36,657
37,126
37,499
37,492
37,741
38,012
37,422
17,048
13,675
18,192
3,781
37,400
16,981
13,499
18,064
3,615
37,531
16,793
13,445
17,877
3,571
37,294
16,886
13,515
18,150
3,641
37,387
16,870
13,624
18,189
3,709
37,615
17,215
13,462
18,189
3,519
37,803
17,315
13,629
18,135
3,545
37,915
17,288
13,660
18,276
3,519
38,103
17,255
14,028
18,264
3,490
38,212
17,398
14,259
18,505
3,562
38,370
17,670
14,044
18,410
3,485
38,546
17,813
14,180
18,415
3,474
1,880
1,661
41
1,780
1,625
55
1,796
1,519
44
1,824
1,522
39
1,899
1,554
43
1,877
1,498
45
1,843
1,526
71
1,871
1,495
63
1,923
1,417
46
1,927
1,436
54
1,880
1,483
49
1,838
1,488
53
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,830
1,675
48
111,843 112,282 112,290 112,420 112,804 113,093 113,790 114,609 115,177 115,931 116,677 117,274 118,040
93,512 93,795 93,832 94,137 94,574 94,953 95,494 96,386 96,962 97,778 98,669 99,069 99,876
971
1,027
922
916
951
956
875
958
960
920
920
908
911
92,542 92,768 92,881 93,216 93,619 94,037 94,619 95,428 96,002 96,858 97,749 98,161 98,965
18,330 18,487
18,458 18,283 18,229 18,139 18,296 18,223 18,215 18,153
18,008 18,205 18,164
8,999
8,940
8,928
8,892
8,806
8,925
8,965
8,925
9,063
9,243
9,104
8,944
8,940
108
104
124
118
113
103
117
126
142
138
134
113
96
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,449
2,405
1,746
17,795
4,497
2,399
1,792
17,879
4,478
2,432
1,734
17,777
4,492
2,529
1,668
17,934
4,429
2,543
1,606
17,501
4,333
2,423
1,590
17,573
4,377
2,372
1,645
17,682
4,345
2,502
1,562
18,029
4,211
2,256
1,631
17,875
4,244
2,365
1,544
18,138
4,156
2,348
1,479
18,193
3,978
2,196
1,477
18,017
3,886
2,221
1,372
18,194
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,240
2,268
1,702
17,128
4,276
2,266
1,743
17,219
4,273
2,296
1,696
17,075
4,303
2,400
1,634
17,338
4,265
2,438
1,574
16,897
4,108
2,280
1,562
16,929
4,192
2,261
1,610
17,062
4,156
2,373
1,532
17,411
4,035
2,139
1,605
17,264
4,044
2,247
1,511
17,532
3,959
2,216
1,440
17,606
3,810
2,085
1,445
17,451
3,692
2,105
1,338
17,605
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work
full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such
as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
142
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-5. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
1996
1997
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
IV
124,448 124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421
19,141
18,980 18,764 18,572 18,547 18,668 18,590 18,756 18,969 19,060 18,962 19,188
6,396
6,411
6,452
6,387
6,497
6,533
6,579
6,659
6,586
6,423
6,641
6,766
2,590
2,573
2,574
2,543
2,651
2,654
2,687
2,648
2,610
2,599
2,655
2,679
3,796
3,824
3,883
3,836
3,863
3,874
3,887
4,019
3,965
3,848
3,978
4,090
12,058 12,177 12,328 12,401
12,838 12,730 12,557 12,313 12,185 12,152 12,171
12,375 12,422
105,343 105,763 105,694 106,079 106,623 107,090 107,678 108,487 109,018 109,714 110,355 110,766 111,220
90,249 90,725 90,702 90,942 91,373 91,833 92,316 92,989 93,420 93,881 94,330 94,800 94,836
15,096 15,037 14,943 15,172 15,252 15,258 15,300 15,557 15,600 15,850 15,951 16,034 16,387
19,096
6,258
2,604
3,645
67,320
67,605
67,314
67,268
67,346
10,100
3,232
10,108
3,280
1,310
10,026
3,287
9,760
3,265
1,959
1,971
6,828
9,942
3,336
1,329
2,002
6,606
57,345
1,364
1,866
1,334
6,868
57,223
48,849
57,496
49,105
6,739
57,272
48,996
8,389
8,382
57,128
1,288
1,981
6,495
67,707
68,078
9,753
9,762
3,348
3,282
1,303
1,973
6,471
1,331
2,032
6,414
60,118
8,912
50,878
8,983
51,009
9,121
8,879
3,213
1,352
1,867
9,018
3,287
9,042
3,266
9,066
3,275
9,060
3,230
3,268
1,351
5,666
49,797
42,982
5,731
50,075
43,190
6,875
1,310
1,954
5,776
1,307
1,972
5,791
50,719
1,266
1,970
5,831
1,240
1,779
5,970
48,121
1,263
1,866
6,742
8,836
1,392
2,118
6,491
1,994
6,545
59,836
8,906
3,149
8,812
3,122
42,283
6,610
59,636
50,701
1,343
9,990
8,794
8,822
3,115
1,245
1,881
5,707
48,734
41,953
6,809
3,498
60,310
8,954
41,706
6,682
9,901
3,357
3,384
1,342
2,048
60,018
9,033
3,130
41,399
6,708
9,927
3,375
1,344
2,024
6,552
59,347
50,502
9,994
3,292
1,336
1,961
6,446
59,748
8,996
3,025
49,037
9,738
59,406
57,862
5,819
9,711
3,319
1,302
2,007
59,104
57,575
48,422
70,111
58,697
57,352
5,902
69,705
58,245
57,292
48,267
41,621
6,655
69,639
57,949
8,522
1,855
5,691
69,291
8,612
49,677
8,261
48,989
8,363
1,255
68,683
58,944
50,230
8,725
57,934
49,398
3,135
1,265
1,876
68,370
6,392
58,690
50,007
8,705
57,585
49,090
8,510
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
III
IV
IV
3,113
1,286
1,823
5,681
49,156
42,435
6,737
58,308
1,321
1,831
5,757
49,370
42,640
6,688
6,852
1,926
50,367
43,380
7,014
43,629
7,038
50,930
43,921
7,051
9,198
1,287
1,972
5,930
51,102
43,827
7,266
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
143
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-6. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995
1994
1996
1997
Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
III
IV
IV
7,406
7,249
7,475
7,518
7,391
7,407
7,267
7,089
7,157
7,147
6,716
6,656
6,392
2,516
1,263
579
686
1,254
4,910
4,312
598
2,502
1,286
632
645
1,216
4,731
4,178
568
2,555
1,341
649
698
1,214
4,919
4,328
583
2,705
1,379
675
708
1,326
4,813
4,218
583
2,607
1,380
655
727
1,227
4,803
4,226
575
2,633
1,336
634
691
1,297
4,759
4,198
577
2,524
1,282
625
661
1,242
4,739
4,182
545
2,487
1,279
616
672
1,208
4,605
4,053
543
2,531
1,330
596
734
1,201
4,647
4,131
518
2,564
1,352
614
727
1,212
4,568
4,066
513
2,407
1,260
582
680
1,147
4,302
3,807
489
2,384
1,282
587
707
1,101
4,282
3,773
501
2,345
1,192
573
618
1,153
4,065
3,585
475
4,025
3,892
4,013
4,045
3,999
4,010
3,935
3,800
3,746
3,782
3,527
3,520
3,441
1,390
688
307
384
702
2,641
2,287
348
1,360
712
338
364
648
2,519
2,213
323
1,393
735
352
393
658
2,628
2,281
340
1,484
765
365
396
719
2,565
2,224
332
1,439
764
357
411
675
2,563
2,249
309
1,453
746
354
383
707
2,545
2,253
307
1,425
716
348
375
710
2,516
2,216
291
1,374
736
359
375
638
2,429
2,110
313
1,371
736
327
412
636
2,377
2,087
286
1,394
744
342
393
650
2,378
2,090
301
1,293
698
324
379
596
2,240
1,960
270
1,325
700
306
394
625
2,201
1,917
278
1,308
635
311
326
673
2,131
1,837
293
3,381
3,357
3,462
3,472
3,391
3,397
3,332
3,289
3,411
3,366
3,189
3,136
2,951
1,126
575
272
302
551
2,269
2,025
251
1,142
574
294
280
568
2,212
1,965
245
1,162
606
297
305
556
2,292
2,047
243
1,221
615
309
313
606
2,248
1,994
252
1,168
616
298
316
552
2,240
1,978
267
1,180
590
280
308
590
2,214
1,944
270
1,099
566
277
286
533
2,223
1,966
254
1,113
544
256
297
569
2,175
1,943
230
1,160
595
269
323
565
2,270
2,044
232
1,170
608
271
334
562
2,190
1,976
212
1,114
562
258
301
551
2,062
1,847
219
1,059
582
281
312
477
2,081
1,856
223
1,037
557
262
293
480
1,933
1,749
181
N O T E : Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
IV
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
144
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAVES
D-7. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1994
1995
1997
1996
Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
IV
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.7
11.6
16.8
18.2
15.8
8.9
4.5
4.6
3.8
11.6
16.7
19.7
14.4
8.7
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
17.3
20.0
15.4
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.8
12.6
17.6
20.8
15.4
9.7
4.3
4.4
3.7
12.3
17.8
20.5
15.9
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.6
12.4
17.3
19.7
15.4
9.6
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
16.5
19.1
14.6
9.3
4.2
4.3
3.4
11.8
16.4
18.8
14.8
9.1
4.1
4.2
3.4
11.9
16.8
18.1
15.9
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.9
16.9
18.8
15.4
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.1
11.2
15.9
18.0
14.5
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.2
16.3
18.4
15.1
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.0
10.9
15.0
17.6
13.1
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.8
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.8
4.8
4.7
12.1
17.5
18.4
17.1
9.3
4.4
4.5
4.0
11.9
17.8
20.5
15.7
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.7
12.2
18.3
20.9
16.6
8.9
4.4
4.4
3.9
13.0
18.6
21.6
16.5
9.8
4.3
4.3
3.8
12.8
19.0
21.7
17.2
9.4
4.3
4.4
3.5
13.0
18.5
21.3
16.3
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5
12.7
17.6
20.7
15.6
10.0
4.1
4.3
3.3
12.4
18.1
21.6
15.7
9.1
4.0
4.0
3.5
12.3
18.3
19.7
17.4
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
12.3
18.1
20.3
16.3
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.3
11.5
17.1
19.5
15.6
8.3
3.6
3.7
2.9
11.8
17.3
18.6
16.5
8.7
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.6
15.4
18.3
13.3
9.4
3.4
3.5
3.1
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
11.1
16.0
18.0
14.5
8.5
4.5
4.7
3.6
11.2
15.5
18.9
13.1
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.5
11.5
16.2
19.0
14.0
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.5
12.2
16.5
19.9
14.3
9.6
4.4
4.5
3.6
11.7
16.5
19.2
14.6
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.8
11.8
15.9
17.9
14.4
9.4
4.3
4.4
3.9
11.0
15.2
17.3
13.5
8.5
4.3
4.4
3.7
11.1
14.5
15.9
13.7
9.1
4.2
4.3
3.2
11.4
15.3
16.6
14.3
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.3
11.5
15.7
17.2
14.6
8.9
4.2
4.4
2.9
10.9
14.7
16.5
13.2
8.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
10.5
15.3
18.2
13.7
7.6
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.1
14.6
16.9
12.9
7.5
3.6
3.8
2.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
IV
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
145
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-8. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1994
1995
1996
1997
Category
IV
IV
IV
IV
CHARACTERISTIC
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.6
4.9
4.9
16.8
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.7
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
4.9
9.9
10.7
9.2
4.8
9.4
10.1
10.4
4.9
10.1
11.1
9.3
9.2
,
,
3.3
3.8
8.7
3.2
3.8
8.2
,
,
2.4
4.5
5.6
8.4
7.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
,
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
,
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
,
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
5.8
6.3
4.0
10.8
5.0
4.5
5.6
5.7
4.5
7.0
3.3
5.3
3.0
9.9
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
,
5.7
4.9
5.0
5.7
4.9
5.0
17.6
5.6
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.4
5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8
5.3
4.4
4.7
16.9
4.9
4.1
4.4
15.9
4.5
9.3
4.6
9.3
10.7
4.2
9.0
8.0
4.5
9.4
10.7
8.2
3.0
3.4
8.6
3.0
3.6
8.6
2.4
4.4
5.5
8.1
8.2
2.3
4.5
5.4
7.7
6.9
5.6
6.2
4.3
10.2
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.5
2.5
5.5
3.0
10.4
5.4
5.7
4.5
9.4
4.6
4.1
5.2
5.3
4.1
6.3
2.7
5.3
2.9
9.4
4.8
4.8
5.6
4.8
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.8
17.8
17.3
16.5
4.8
10.4
4.8
9.2
10.3
9.2
4.9
9.3
10.0
9.4
9.5
9.3
10.7
8.7
3.4
3.9
8.7
3.4
4.0
7.7
3.2
3.8
7.5
3.1
3.7
7.6
3.0
3.7
8.0
2.4
4.4
5.6
7.8
7.6
2.4
4.6
6.1
8.3
8.3
2.5
4.4
6.3
8.4
7.7
2.5
4.3
6.0
8.3
7.9
2.4
4.5
5.7
8.2
7.8
5.6
6.1
4.8
10.9
4.6
4.1
5.3
5.4
4.6
6.4
3.3
5.3
3.0
5.8
6.6
4.8
11.8
5.0
4.5
5.8
5.5
4.4
6.5
3.5
5.5
3.0
11.7
5.9
6.6
4.2
5.8
6.5
6.9
11.5
5.0
4.4
5.8
5.5
4.4
6.4
3.1
5.5
2.9
11.6
5.7
6.3
5.6
10.5
5.0
4.8
5.3
5.5
3.9
6.5
2.6
5.6
2.8
17.3
5.0
9.5
9.4
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.7
4.0
4.0
15.0
10.2
7.8
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6
4.0
8.4
9.7
7.4
2.8
3.3
8.8
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.5
2.8
7.8
2.3
4.5
5.5
7.8
7.3
2.1
4.3
4.9
8.0
7.3
2.0
4.1
4.8
7.3
7.1
2.0
4.1
4.8
7.6
6.8
1.8
3.9
4.8
7.1
7.0
5.4
6.0
5.7
9.7
4.8
4.5
5.2
5.2
4.1
6.3
3.0
5.1
3.0
10.0
5.3
5.7
4.4
9.4
4.5
4.0
5.2
5.2
4.0
6.4
3.2
4.9
2.9
9.0
5.0
5.3
2.8
8.7
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.2
6.2
3.0
4.7
2.6
9.2
5.0
5.3
4.2
8.8
4.2
3.4
5.2
4.8
3.6
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.7
4.8
4.9
3.7
8.5
3.7
3.1
4.7
4.7
3.2
6.0
2.7
4.4
2.3
9.3
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
10.3
12.0
5.0
4.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
6.8
3.2
5.5
2.8
10.5
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
10.7
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey. Data have been revised baesd on the experience
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
146
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-9. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1995
1997
1996
Reason
IV
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
3,544
925
2,620
717
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,574
583
3,494
1,050
2,445
3,533
1,033
2,500
768
2,478
573
3,480
1,034
2,446
857
2,585
581
850
2,559
588
100.0
47.2
14.0
33.3
10.6
34.2
7.9
100.0
46.4
13.8
32.6
11.4
34.5
7.7
2.6
.6
2.6
.6
2.0
.4
3,419
1,012
2,407
3,162
965
3,031
932
2,990
893
2,495
577
3,231
965
2,266
827
2,525
598
2,197
821
2,535
612
2,099
804
2,364
551
2,098
853
2,233
559
2,937
913
2,024
693
2,215
556
9.7
35.0
7.6
100.0
45.7
13.9
31.8
10.8
35.3
8.2
100.0
45.0
13.4
31.6
11.5
35.2
8.3
100.0
44.4
13.5
30.8
11.5
35.6
8.6
100.0
44.9
13.8
31.1
11.9
35.0
8.2
100.0
45.1
13.5
31.6
12.9
33.7
8.4
100.0
45.9
14.3
31.6
10.8
34.6
8.7
2.6
.5
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.3
.6
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.6
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
1.6
.4
822
2,487
578
3,515
1,053
2,462
789
2,484
591
3,472
1,064
2,408
709
2,549
557
3,230
983
2,248
766
100.0
46.6
14.0
32.6
11.3
34.2
7.8
100.0
47.6
13.9
33.7
11.1
33.5
7.8
100.0
47.6
14.3
33.4
10.7
33.7
8.0
100.0
47.6
14.6
33.0
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.7
.6
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
100.0
47.8
12.5
35.3
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
9.7
34.7
7.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
2.7
.5
2.0
.4
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.9
.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience
1.9
.4
1.9
.5
through December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
D-10. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1997
1996
1995
Duration
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
2,538
2,193
2,717
1,229
1,487
2,632
2,213
2,338
1,030
1,308
2,695
2,352
2,423
1,123
1,300
2,751
2,439
2,346
1,098
1,249
2,722
2,372
2,337
1,089
1,249
2,670
2,307
2,369
1,114
1,254
2,619
2,293
2,368
1,044
1,324
2,587
2,253
2,281
1,011
1,270
2,658
2,299
2,225
1,033
1,192
2,625
2,306
2,129
999
1,130
2,518
2,144
2,078
1,039
1,038
2,498
2,111
2,088
1,014
1,074
2,504
1,961
1,940
918
1,022
18.4
9.3
17.1
8.1
16.8
8.4
16.3
8.2
16.3
8.2
16.6
8.2
17.3
8.4
16.9
8.4
16.1
8.0
15.7
8.0
15.3
7.9
16.1
8.1
16.1
7.7
100.0
34.1
29.4
36.5
16.5
20.0
100.0
36.6
30.8
32.5
14.3
18.2
100.0
36.1
31.5
32.4
15.0
17.4
100.0
36.5
32.4
31.1
14.6
16.6
100.0
36.6
31.9
31.5
14.7
16.8
100.0
36.3
31.4
32.2
15.2
17.1
100.0
36.0
31.5
32.5
14.3
18.2
100.0
36.3
31.6
32.0
14.2
17.8
100.0
37.0
32.0
31.0
14.4
16.6
100.0
37.2
32.7
30.2
14.2
16.0
100.0
37.4
31.8
30.8
15.4
15.4
100.0
37.3
31.5
31.2
15.1
16.0
100.0
39.1
30.6
30 3
14.3
16.0
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect population controls used in the
household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1997. See the article in this issue for additional information.
147
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-11. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Employment status, sex, and age
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
201,457
134,857
66.9
128,166
3,300
124,867
6,691
5.0
66,600
203,936
136,773
67.1
130,818
3,245
127,573
5,955
4.4
67,162
168,918
113,761
67.3
108,916
3,119
105,797
4,845
4.3
55,157
170,540
114,976
67.4
110,743
3,077
107,665
4,233
3.7
55,564
23,761
15,307
64.4
13,783
110
13,674
1,524
10.0
8,454
24,149
15,645
64.8
14,229
102
14,127
1,416
9.1
8,503
19,452
13,169
67.7
12,165
555
11,610
1,004
7.6
6,283
20,574
13,984
68.0
13,000
538
12,462
983
7.0
6,591
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
96,651
72,172
74.7
68,699
2,498
66,201
3,472
4.8
24,479
98,139
73,308
74.7
70,131
2,398
67,732
3,177
4.3
24,831
81,811
61,827
75.6
59,247
2,348
56,899
2,580
4.2
19,985
82,881
62,652
75.6
60,311
2,263
58,048
2,341
3.7
20,229
10,651
7,287
68.4
6,547
95
6,452
740
10.2
3,364
10,832
7,381
68.1
6,722
82
6,639
660
8.9
3,451
9,716
7,789
80.2
7,273
492
6,781
516
6.6
1,927
10,502
8,429
80.3
7,886
456
7,430
542
6.4
2,073
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
88,950
68,366
76.9
65,560
2,338
63,222
2,805
4.1
20,585
90,244
69,389
76.9
66,777
2,263
64,514
2,612
3.8
20,855
75,698
58,581
77.4
56,484
2,196
54,288
2,098
3.6
17,116
76,595
59,269
77.4
57,342
2,131
55,212
1,927
3.3
17,326
9,476
6,871
72.5
6,283
93
6,190
588
8.6
2,605
9,640
6,981
72.4
6,443
82
6,362
538
7.7
2,659
8,709
7,305
83.9
6,889
475
6,415
416
5.7
1,404
9,370
7,890
84.2
7,438
435
7,003
453
5.7
1,480
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
104,807
62,686
59.8
59,467
802
58,665
3,219
5.1
42,121
105,797
63,465
60.0
60,687
847
59,841
2,778
4.4
42,331
87,107
51,935
59.6
49,669
771
48,898
2,266
4.4
35,173
87,659
52,324
59.7
50,432
814
49,617
1,892
3.6
35,335
13,110
8,020
61.2
7,237
9,736
5,380
55.3
4,892
64
4,829
488
9.1
4,356
10,073
5,555
55.2
5,114
7,222
784
9.8
5,090
13,316
8,264
62.1
7,508
20
7,488
757
9.2
5,052
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional popuiation
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
97,371
58,965
60.6
56,276
766
55,510
2,690
4.6
38,406
98,219
59,799
60.9
57,513
809
56,704
2,286
3.8
38,419
81,241
48,818
60.1
46,912
739
46,174
1,906
3.9
32,423
81,702
49,292
60.3
47,715
780
46,935
1,577
11,897
7,565
63.6
6,917
14
6,903
649
8.6
4,331
12,091
7,774
64.3
7,170
18
7,152
604
7.8
4,317
8,764
5,015
57.2
4,612
61
4,551
403
8.0
3,749
9,058
5,197
57.4
4,824
82
4,742
373
7.2
3,861
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15,136
7,526
49.7
6,330
195
6,135
1,196
15.9
7,610
15,473
7,585
49.0
6,528
172
6,356
1,057
13.9
7,888
11,980
6,362
53.1
5,520
185
5,336
842
13.2
5,618
12,243
6,415
52.4
5,686
2,389
871
36.5
584
3
581
287
33.0
1,518
2,418
891
36.8
616
2
614
275
30.8
1,527
1,979
849
42.9
664
20
644
185
21.8
1,130
2,146
896
41.8
739
22
717
157
17.6
1,250
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
3.2
32,410
167
5,519
729
11.4
5,828
15
82
5,032
441
7.9
4,518
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
148
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-12. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
C u b a n origin
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
20,574
13,984
68.0
13,000
538
12,462
983
7.0
6,591
11,879
8,163
68.7
7,521
499
7,022
642
7.9
3,716
12,541
8,655
69.0
8,036
486
7,549
619
7.2
3,886
2,123
1,229
57.9
1,112
9
1,104
116
9.5
894
2,345
1,383
59.0
1,249
5
1,245
134
9.7
961
1,027
677
65.9
638
638
39
5.8
350
1,026
654
63.7
609
4
604
45
6.9
372
9,716
7,789
80.2
7,273
492
6,781
516
6.6
1,927
10,502
8,429
80.3
7,886
456
7,430
542
6.4
2,073
6,130
5,011
81.8
4,664
442
4,222
347
6.9
1,118
6,638
5,423
81.7
5,080
412
4,668
343
6.3
1,215
998
687
68.8
632
9
623
55
8.1
311
1,126
783
69.5
705
4
701
77
9.9
344
522
395
75.7
373
—
374
21
5.4
127
505
386
76.4
360
4
356
26
6.6
119
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,709
7,305
83.9
6,889
475
6,415
416
5.7
1,404
9,370
7,890
84.2
7,438
435
7,003
453
5.7
1,480
5,497
4,701
85.5
4,421
426
3,995
280
6.0
797
5,868
5,044
86.0
4,757
391
4,366
287
5.7
824
863
629
72.9
593
9
585
36
5.7
234
979
714
73.0
657
4
653
57
8.0
264
505
387
76.6
366
ooo
21
5.3
118
489
376
76.8
350
4
346
26
6.8
114
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
,
9,736
5,380
55.3
4,892
64
4,829
488
9.1
4,356
10,073
5,555
55.2
5,114
82
5,032
441
7.9
4,518
5,750
3,152
54.8
2,857
57
2,800
295
9.4
2,598
5,902
3,232
54.7
2,955
74
2,881
276
8.5
2,671
1,124
541
48.2
480
—
480
61
11.3
583
1,218
601
49.3
544
—
544
57
9.5
618
505
283
55.9
265
265
18
6.4
223
521
268
51.4
248
_
248
19
7.2
253
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,764
5,015
57.2
4,612
61
4,551
403
8.0
3,749
9,058
5,197
57.4
4,824
82
4,742
373
7.2
3,861
5,121
2,909
56.8
2,671
54
2,617
237
8.2
2,213
5,277
3,006
57.0
2,776
74
2,702
230
7.7
2,271
996
497
49.9
446
446
51
10.3
499
1,061
543
51.2
497
497
46
8.4
518
483
272
56.4
255
—
255
17
6.4
211
498
262
52.6
244
—
244
18
7.0
236
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1,979
849
42.9
664
20
644
185
21.8
1,130
2,146
896
41.8
739
22
717
157
17.6
1,250
1,261
554
43.9
429
19
409
125
22.6
707
1,396
605
43.3
503
22
481
102
16.8
791
263
102
38.9
73
—
73
29
28.6
161
305
126
41.4
95
39
18
(2)
17
38
16
(2)
15
95
31
24.7
179
18
1
(2)
21
15
1
(2)
22
IV
IV
1996
1997
19,452
13,169
67.7
12,165
555
11,610
1,004
7.6
6,283
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
149
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-13. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Category
White
Black
Hispanic origin
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
128,166
68,699
59,467
130,818
70,131
60,687
108,916
59,247
49,669
110,743
60,311
50,432
13,783
6,547
7,237
14,229
6,722
7,508
12,165
7,273
4,892
13,000
7,886
5,114
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
37,378
17,928
19,450
38,265
18,663
19,602
32,827
15,921
16,906
33,417
16,517
16,900
2,800
1,280
1,520
2,909
1,361
1,548
1,704
854
850
1,893
975
918
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
38,058
4,037
15,531
18,489
38,694
4,256
15,975
18,462
32,430
3,449
33,024
3,626
3,987
13,981
15,416
1,287
2,334
3,099
248
1,207
1,644
3,117
13,556
15,425
4,073
404
1,301
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
17,198
838
2,136
14,224
17,725
830
13,716
672
14,604
13,454
670
1,688
11,096
11,242
2,996
139
395
2,461
2,563
2,457
229
177
2,052
2,681
224
220
2,236
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,673
4,529
5,195
3,949
14,169
4,789
5,273
4,107
12,092
4,006
4,703
3,382
12,446
4,238
4,739
3,468
1,061
341
360
360
1,152
373
372
408
1,527
439
596
492
1,817
505
753
560
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,488
7,956
5,398
5,135
843
4,292
18,638
8,008
5,529
5,102
819
4,283
14,958
6,415
4,483
4,060
683
3,377
15,035
6,380
4,539
4,116
679
3,437
2,797
1,130
797
870
136
734
2,825
1,175
850
800
115
685
2,746
1,364
567
814
158
657
2,870
1,408
632
831
153
677
3,372
3,326
3,156
3,105
144
144
633
623
1,772
1,467
60
1,735
1,459
51
1,657
1,405
56
1,625
1,403
73
37
67
35
487
66
2
491
45
2
115,667
18,352
97,315
118,542
18,301
100,241
97,526
14,750
82,776
99,554
13,184
2,849
10,334
929
759
96,341
137
99,312
8,939
93
82,017
8,158
113
13,634
2,816
10,818
151
10,667
491
2
11,012
1,323
974
14,727
84,827
745
84,081
8,032
79
587
11
11,880
1,381
10,499
243
10,256
581
1
104,463
23,704
106,972
23,846
88,171
20,745
89,984
20,759
12,103
2,126
10,242
1,923
10,987
2,014
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
2,291
1,803
365
2,369
3,126
133
430
263
1,219
1,635
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
9,063
49
177
10,157
490
9,689
251
9,439
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
11,751
2,033
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household data.
150
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-14. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
Category
IV
1996
IV
1997
12,165
7,273
4,892
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
13,000
7,886
5,114
7,521
4,664
2,857
8,036
5,080
2,955
1,112
632
480
1,249
705
544
638
373
265
609
360
248
1,704
854
850
1,893
975
918
869
423
446
974
518
456
180
104
76
202
102
101
143
82
60
157
95
63
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
3,099
248
1,207
1,644
3,117
263
1,219
1,635
1,715
130
644
941
1,708
130
660
917
367
34
119
215
399
37
158
205
199
18
93
88
209
17
88
104
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
2,457
229
177
2,052
2,681
224
220
2,236
1,474
118
97
1,259
1,619
101
115
1,403
218
11
32
175
256
1
61
195
105
1
15
89
66
2
4
60
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
1,527
439
596
492
1,817
505
753
560
1,034
251
446
337
1,272
311
560
401
110
38
28
43
131
48
36
47
86
41
23
22
67
38
17
13
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
2,746
1,364
567
814
158
657
2,870
1,408
632
831
153
677
1,864
919
367
578
117
461
1,918
951
401
566
101
464
225
97
65
62
4
58
253
121
63
69
7
61
105
42
36
27
9
18
102
31
41
30
5
25
633
623
564
545
12
8
487
66
2
491
45
2
444
53
2
449
35
2
11,012
1,323
9,689
251
9,439
587
11
11,880
1,381
10,499
243
10,256
581
1
6,665
835
5,830
133
5,697
348
8
7,227
849
6,378
111
6,267
322
1
1,070
153
917
12
905
34
1,205
187
1,019
3
1,016
39
598
74
525
2
523
40
1
562
60
503
2
501
42
10,242
1,923
10,987
2,014
6,383
1,139
6,817
1,219
913
199
1,016
233
538
100
522
86
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
8
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part time workers
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
comtrols used in the house hold survey.
151
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-15. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:
White
IV
Hispanic origin
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
128,166
130,818
108,916
110,743
13,783
14,229
12,165
13,000
6,330
2,612
3,718
12,163
109,673
93,930
15,743
6,528
2,607
3,922
12,412
111,877
95,338
16,539
5,520
2,297
3,223
10,187
93,209
79,278
13,931
5,686
2,313
3,373
10,369
94,688
80,082
14,605
584
221
363
1,395
11,805
10,467
1,338
616
216
400
1,475
12,138
10,771
1,367
664
207
457
1,679
9,822
8,812
1,010
739
214
525
1,781
10,481
9,449
1,031
68,699
70,131
59,247
60,311
6,547
6,722
7,273
7,886
3,139
1,278
1,861
6,421
59,139
50,349
8,791
3,354
1,336
2,018
6,467
60,310
51,119
9,190
2,764
1,119
1,645
5,445
51,038
43,174
7,864
2,969
1,188
1,781
5,488
51,854
43,650
8,204
264
108
155
662
5,621
4,994
627
279
103
175
691
5,752
5,114
638
383
105
278
1,038
5,851
5,286
565
448
128
321
1,087
6,350
5,744
606
59,467
60,687
49,669
50,432
7,237
7,508
4,892
5,114
3,191
1,334
1,857
5,742
50,534
43,581
6,953
3,174
1,271
1,904
5,945
51,568
44,219
7,349
2,757
1,178
1,579
4,741
42,171
36,104
6,067
2,717
1,125
1,592
4,881
42,834
36,433
6,401
320
112
208
733
6,184
5,472
711
337
113
224
785
6,386
5,657
728
281
102
179
641
3,971
3,525
446
290
86
204
693
4,130
3,705
425
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
Black
controls used in the household survey.
152
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-16. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Age and sex
IV
1996
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:
IV
1997
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
5.0
4.4
4.3
3.7
10.0
9.1
7.6
7.0
15.9
16.3
15.6
8.3
3.9
4.0
2.9
13.9
15.6
12.8
7.8
3.3
3.4
2.6
13.2
13.5
13.0
6.6
3.4
3.5
2.9
11.4
13.0
10.3
6.4
2.9
3.0
2.4
33.0
34.5
32.0
19.1
7.1
7.6
3.0
30.8
33.8
29.1
16.8
6.5
6.8
4.0
21.8
26.9
19.2
10.0
6.1
6.0
6.7
17.6
20.6
16.2
10.3
5.6
5.5
6.2
4.8
4.3
4.2
3.7
10.2
8.9
6.6
6.4
17.5
17.7
17.4
8.4
3.6
3.7
2.9
14.4
16.3
13.2
8.8
3.2
3.3
2.8
14.9
14.9
14.8
6.7
3.2
3.3
2.9
12.2
13.9
11.1
7.3
2.8
2.8
2.7
36.6
37.7
35.9
20.3
6.9
7.4
2.8
30.4
33.0
28.8
18.7
6.2
6.5
3.5
20.8
27.0
18.1
8.9
5.1
4.9
7.1
16.7
20.5
15.0
10.9
4.8
4.5
7.3
5.1
4.4
4.4
3.6
9.8
9.2
9.1
7.9
14.2
14.8
13.8
8.2
4.1
4.3
3.0
13.4
15.0
12.3
6.8
3.5
3.7
2.3
11.5
12.2
11.1
6.6
3.6
3.7
2.9
10.4
11.9
9.3
5.4
2.9
3.1
2.0
29.6
31.0
28.9
18.0
7.3
7.8
3.1
31.2
34.6
29.3
15.1
6.8
7.1
4.5
23.1
26.7
20.9
11.7
7.4
7.6
6.3
18.9
20.8
18.1
9.4
6.8
7.0
4.7
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
IV
1996
controls used in the household survey.
153
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-17. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Black
White
Total
Hispanic origin
Reasons
IV
1997
IV
1996
1,379
266
1,524
629
104
526
346
179
138
624
132
1,416
564
98
466
254
212
125
573
154
1,004
458
141
317
191
126
106
338
102
983
504
147
357
211
146
78
304
98
100.0
47.0
14.7
32.3
13.3
33.4
6.3
100.0
48.6
16.0
32.6
12.5
32.6
6.3
100.0
41.3
6.8
34.5
9.1
41.0
8.6
100.0
39.8
6.9
32.9
8.8
40.5
10.8
100.0
45.6
14.1
31.6
10.6
33.6
10.1
100.0
51.3
14.9
36.3
7.9
30.9
2.0
.6
1.4
.3
1.8
.5
1.2
.2
4.1
.9
4.1
.9
3.6
.8
3.7
1.0
3.5
.8
2.6
.8
3.6
.6
2.2
.7
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
6,691
3,037
4,845
2,277
712
1,564
1,108
4,233
2,057
677
492
5,955
2,758
809
1,949
1,303
645
688
2,058
451
100.0
45.4
12.8
32.6
12.2
35.0
7.4
100.0
46.3
13.6
32.7
11.6
34.6
7.6
2.3
.6
2.0
.5
1.5
.3
IV
IV
1997
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
855
2,182
1,513
669
819
2,342
456
645
1,617
306
1,379
982
398
531
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.7
.4
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orgin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
154
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-18. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Duration
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
5,955
2,300
1,898
1,757
818
4,845
1,896
1,593
1,356
644
712
4,233
1,732
1,348
1,154
547
607
1,524
435
530
558
232
326
1,416
454
453
510
233
276
1,004
377
353
274
118
156
983
390
326
267
124
143
16.0
7.7
16.0
7.4
14.9
6.9
14.9
6.7
18.9
9.8
18.6
9.3
14.9
7.4
15.3
7.0
100.0
36.5
33.3
30.2
13.8
16.4
100.0
38.6
31.9
29.5
13.7
15.8
100.0
39.1
32.9
28.0
13.3
14.7
100.0
40.9
31.8
27.3
12.9
14.3
100.0
28.6
34.8
36.6
15.2
21.4
100.0
32.1
32.0
36.0
16.5
19.5
100.0
37.6
35.2
27.3
11.7
15.5
100.0
39.7
33.1
27.2
12.6
14.6
IV
IV
1997
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
2,442
2,229
2,020
924
1,096
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
155
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-19. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
91,313
94,355
$499
$511
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
52,053
5,684
46,369
53,455
5,956
47,499
565
313
602
587
323
621
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
39,260
4,078
35,182
40,900
4,364
36,535
425
293
451
440
299
470
White
Men
Women
76,333
44,488
31,845
78,440
45,462
32,978
514
586
438
528
602
454
Black
Men
Women
11,026
5,347
5,679
11,516
5,597
5,918
390
413
362
410
457
371
9,481
5,995
3,485
10,293
6,649
3,644
342
364
316
354
375
317
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
156
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-20. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Age, race, and Hispanic origin
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
21,378
21,205
$144
$150
6,495
3,534
2,961
6,635
3,629
3,006
133
108
185
137
111
187
14,883
4,660
10,223
14,570
4,586
9,984
148
104
176
155
111
185
White
Men
Women
18,474
5,444
13,029
18,298
5,632
12,666
146
132
151
151
136
157
Black
Men
Women
2,035
717
1,317
2,041
686
1,355
132
139
129
140
141
139
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1,751
622
1,128
1,809
657
1,152
136
139
134
151
148
152
IV
1996
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
,
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
157
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-21. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Occupation and sex
IV
IV
IV
IV
1996
1997
1996
1997
27,314
13,220
14,094
26,441
3,293
9,040
14,108
10,014
28,609
14,162
14,447
27,306
3,554
9,724
14,028
10,342
TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
393
389
1,945
7,675
11,114
3,933
3,671
3,509
15,042
6,986
4,242
3,814
1,388
1,891
8,062
11,447
4,148
3,734
3,565
15,337
7,118
4,412
3,807
1,314
13,991
7,103
6,888
10,059
1,691
5,031
3,337
4,855
14,483
7,446
7,036
10,427
1,857
5,291
3,279
5,254
$729
$754
714
739
445
582
474
409
312
217
544
292
542
556
525
540
402
396
488
338
303
741
764
466
601
502
419
320
244
587
300
541
573
541
515
405
397
499
323
292
859
859
859
564
659
584
499
372
(1)
908
901
915
595
691
630
493
381
(1)
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
30
48
1,630
3,196
10,181
3,754
3,612
2,815
11,762
4,590
3,960
3,213
1,205
1,576
3,630
10,528
4,034
3,684
2,810
11,621
4,445
4,079
3,097
1,143
$556
$614
307
559
558
528
592
432
455
497
346
308
321
562
576
545
564
447
477
505
339
296
13,323
6,117
7,206
16,383
1,602
4,009
10,771
5,158
14,126
6,715
7,411
16,879
1,697
4,433
10,749
5,088
364
315
341
315
4,479
4,432
933
179
60
694
919
114
50
755
631
599
660
396
508
360
391
283
220
488
281
374
532
(1)
644
614
676
408
524
360
406
286
238
449
283
389
456
(1)
$354
$384
3,280
2,397
3,716
2,673
283
601
183
333
711
171
314
311
365
299
285
313
316
400
285
271
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
158
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-22. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status and age
IV
1996
IV
1997
Percent of
labor force
Number
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,758
6,436
1,151
2,973
2,313
1,322
7,779
6,156
867
2,492
2,797
1,623
6,609
5,814
1,048
2,679
2,088
794
6,590
5,538
772
2,252
2,514
1,052
6,413
5,635
1,019
2,596
2,020
778
6,420
5,395
753
2,198
2,444
1,025
195
179
29
83
67
16
170
143
19
54
70
27
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.1
3.2
2.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.6
18,713
8,719
5,932
4,062
19,858
9,143
6,471
4,244
16,938
8,085
5,369
3,484
17,966
8,460
5,857
3,649
16,380
7,812
5,211
3,357
17,439
8,218
5,687
3,534
558
273
157
127
527
242
170
115
3.3
3.4
2.9
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.2
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.
159
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonveterans
Veterans
Employment status and age
White
Hispanic origin
Black
Hispanic origin
Black
White
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
275
240
233
7
3.0
251 15,830 16,737
219 14,524 15,343
215 14,116 14,936
4
406
408
2.0
2.6
2.8
1,966
1,592
1,475
118
7.4
2,101
1,712
1,819
1,633
79
4.6
1,632
1,560
72
4.4
2,051
1,849
1,768
81
4.4
117
98
93
5
5.0
70
61
57
4
6.8
65
59
56
2
4.2
287
234
225
9
3.9
237
199
187
12
5.9
106
172
127
118
9
7.2
166
130
124
6
4.7
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
IV
1997
IV
1996
5,707
5,219
5,066
2.9
5,518
5,008
4,891
117
2.3
592
478
454
24
5.0
520
427
404
23
5.4
979
899
876
23
2.6
731
657
643
14
2.2
133
117
111
6
4.8
2,638
2,406
2,333
73
2,208
2,012
IV
1997
IV
1996
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
153
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,950
6,749
201
2.9
7,728
7,241
7,055
187
2.6
912
771
714
56
7.3
937
780
742
39
4.9
894
824
782
42
5.1
966
903
864
39
4.3
5,008
4,588
4,476
111
2.4
5,450
4,978
4,843
135
2.7
633
517
478
40
7.7
702
599
578
21
3.6
535
484
469
15
3.1
660
577
551
26
4.5
3,422
2,986
2,891
3,559
95
3.2
85
2.7
422
304
283
21
7.0
462
332
313
19
5.7
390
325
309
16
4.8
426
369
353
17
4.5
7,401
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
3.1
1,972
40
2.0
88
86
1
1.7
73
72
1
1.8
91
90
2
1.7
96
88
87
1
.7
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
2,091
1,914
1,858
57
3.0
2,580
2,338
2,276
62
2.7
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
3,124
3,039
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
160
Annual Averages
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1934 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Persons 14 years of age and over
52,230
52,870
53,440
54,000
54,610
55,230
1934.
1935.
1936.
1937.
1938.
1939.
1940.
1941 .
1942 .
1943.
1944.
1945.
1946.
1947.
()
99,900
98,640
94,640
93,220
94,090
103,070
106,018
55,640
55,910
56,410
55,540
54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168
56.0
57.2
58.7
58.6
57.2
55.8
56.8
40,890
42,260
44,410
46,300
44,220
45,750
9,900
10,110
10,000
9,820
9,690
9,610
30,990
32,150
34,410
36,480
34,530
36,140
11,340
10,610
9,030
7,700
10,390
9,480
21.7
20.1
16.9
14.3
19.0
17.2
47,520
50,350
53,750
54,470
53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812
9,540
9,100
9,250
9,080
8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256
37,980
41,250
44,500
45,390
45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557
8,120
5,560
2,660
1,070
670
1,040
2,270
2,356
14.6
9.9
4.7
1.9
1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9
()
43,990
42,230
39,100
38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850
Persons 16 years of age and over
1947.
1948.
1949.
101,827
103,068
103,994
59,350
60,621
61,286
58.3
58.8
58.9
57,038
58,343
57,651
7,890
7,629
7,658
49,148
50,714
49,993
2,311
2,276
3,637
3.9
3.8
5.9
42,477
42,447
42,708
1950.
1951 .
1952.
19532
1954.
1955.,
1956..
1957..
1958..
1959..
104,995
104,621
105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
59.2
59.2
59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
19602
1961 ..
19622
1963..
1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970..
1971 ..
19722
19732
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
19782
1979..
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983..
1984..
1985..
19862
1987..
1988..
1989..
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
19902
1991 ..
1992..
1993..
19942
1995..
1996..
19973
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
1
3
Beginning in 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1996 and earlier
years because of the revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1997" in the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Not available.
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
162
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1965 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Year
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Percent
of
population
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Men
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .
59,782
60,262
60,905
61,847
62,898
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.1
79.8
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
77.5
77.9
78.0
77.8
77.6
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976 . .. .
1977
19781
1979
64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020
51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726
79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
76.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
74.9
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
2,862
2,795
2,849
2,847
2,919
2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686
46,128
46,595
48,047
49,502
50,105
49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
72.0
71.3
69.0
68.8
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
19901 ...
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19972
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
Women
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
...
66,731
67,795
68,968
70,179
71,436
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
37.1
38.3
39.0
39.6
40.7
814
736
680
660
643
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924
72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843
31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.0
42.6
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
601
599
635
622
596
584
588
612
669
661
29,087
29,377
30,622
32,093
33,173
33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
47.7
48.0
47.7
48.0
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19972
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976 .
1977
19781
1979
.
1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
Beginning in 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1996 and earlier
years because of the revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1997" in the February 1997 issue of this publication.
163
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
203,133
136,297
15,365
7,861
7,504
17,442
116,832
39,559
18,884
20,675
43,883
22,544
7,932
3,237
4,695
21,339
33,391
18,443
14,948
21,505
11,605
9,900
31,989
9,543
8,509
13,937
13,532
98,280
33,380
16,008
17,373
37,326
19,104
18,222
27,574
15,547
12,027
12,665
8,049
4,616
3,887
2,150
1,071
666
67.1
51.6
41.2
62.6
77.6
84.1
84.4
84.8
84.0
85.1
84.7
85.4
82.6
84.3
80.5
58.9
69.4
46.6
12.2
22.5
12.6
4.8
129,558
75.0
52.3
41.4
63.9
82.5
91.8
93.0
92.5
93.4
92.6
93.0
92.1
89.5
90.8
87.8
67.6
78.7
54.5
17.1
28.4
17.2
7.7
69,685
3,401
1,355
2,045
6,548
50,772
59.8
51.0
41.0
61.2
72.7
76.7
76.0
77.3
74.9
77.7
76.6
78.9
76.0
78.1
73.5
50.9
60.7
39.5
8.6
17.6
8.9
2.9
59,873
3,260
1,293
1,967
5,831
6,661
2,648
4,012
12,380
94,461
31,809
15,163
16,646
35,908
18,339
17,569
26,744
15,089
11,654
12,296
7,816
4,480
3,761
2,080
1,034
.647
63.8
43.4
33.7
53.5
71.0
80.9
80.4
80.3
80.5
81.8
81.3
82.3
80.1
81.8
78.0
57.2
67.3
45.3
11.8
21.8
12.2
4.6
3,399
244
116
128
325
2,093
719
327
392
806
425
380
567
315
253
416
225
191
321
150
98
73
126,159
6,417
2,532
3,885
12,054
92,368
31,090
14,836
16,254
35,102
17,913
17,189
26,176
14,774
11,402
11,880
7,591
4,289
3,440
1,930
936
574
6,739
1,271
589
683
1,152
3,819
1,571
845
726
1,418
765
653
830
458
372
369
234
135
127
71
36
20
4.9
16.0
18.2
14.5
8.5
3.9
4.7
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.0
66,837
7,433
4,624
2,809
3,910
18,552
6,178
2,876
3,302
6,557
3,440
3,117
5,817
2,895
2,922
8,840
3,556
5,284
28,102
7,393
7,438
13,270
71.3
43.4
33.4
54.1
75.2
88.4
89.0
87.9
90.0
89.2
89.5
88.9
86.7
88.0
85.0
65.5
76.3
52.7
16.5
27.4
16.7
7.6
2,552
195
91
104
258
1,550
551
257
294
591
308
283
409
229
180
290
157
133
258
121
77
60
67,133
3,206
1,265
1,941
6,290
49,221
3,577
694
321
373
636
1,960
772
422
350
732
396
336
457
253
204
217
133
84
69
41
19
9
4.9
16.9
19.1
15.4
8.9
3.7
4.3
4.9
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.1
24,454
3,741
2,377
1,365
1,521
4,691
1,368
698
670
1,611
774
836
1,712
829
883
3,329
1,191
2,139
11,171
3,122
3,093
4,957
56.8
43.3
34.0
52.9
66.8
73.5
72.1
72.9
71.3
74.6
73.4
76.0
73.8
75.9
71.3
49.5
59.1
38.5
8.3
17.0
8.6
2.8
847
49
25
23
67
542
169
70
99
215
117
98
158
86
72
126
68
58
63
29
21
13
59,026
3,211
1,268
1,944
5,764
3,162
577
268
310
516
1,859
800
423
376
686
369
317
373
205
168
152
100
52
58
29
17
11
5.0
15.0
17.2
13.6
8.1
4.1
5.2
5.7
4.8
4.0
4.2
3.7
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.5
3.6
3.2
4.1
4.5
42,382
3,691
2,247
1,444
2,389
13,861
4,810
2,178
2,632
4,947
2,666
2,280
4,104
2,066
2,038
5,511
2,365
3,145
16,930
4,271
4,345
8,314
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
97,715
7,836
4,053
3,783
8,706
57,423
19,478
9,281
10,197
21,669
11,137
10,532
16,276
9,017
7,259
10,282
5,582
4,700
13,469
4,360
3,737
5,372
73,261
4,095
1,676
2,419
7,184
52,732
18,110
8,583
9,527
20,058
10,363
9,696
14,564
8,188
6,376
6,952
4,391
2,561
2,298
1,238
644
416
17,338
8,162
9,177
19,327
9,967
9,360
14,107
7,935
6,172
6,735
4,258
2,478
2,229
1,197
625
407
16,788
7,904
8,883
18,736
9,659
9,077
13,698
7,706
5,992
6,445
4,101
2,344
1,971
1,075
548
347
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
105,418
7,528
3,808
3,721
8,736
59,410
20,081
9,603
10,478
22,214
11,407
10,807
17,115
9,425
7,689
11,224
6,024
5,200
18,520
5,184
4,772
8,564
63,036
3,837
1,561
2,277
6,348
45,548
15,271
7,425
7,846
17,268
8,741
8,526
13,010
7,359
5,651
5,713
3,658
2,054
1,590
912
427
251
43,689
14,471
7,001
7,470
16,581
8,372
8,209
12,637
7,155
5,482
5,561
3,558
2,003
1,532
883
409
239
See footnotes at end of table.
164
43,147
14,302
6,931
7,371
16,366
8,255
8,111
12,479
7,069
5,410
5,435
3,490
1,945
1,469
854
388
227
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
169,993
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
12,181
6,213
5,968
13,983
96,804
32,091
15,251
16,839
36,325
18,594
17,732
28,388
15,562
12,826
18,511
9,974
8,537
28,514
8,361
7,577
12,576
114,693
6,720
2,779
3,941
11,127
82,243
27,362
13,106
14,256
31,171
15,874
15,298
23,709
13,250
10,459
11,086
7,043
4,044
3,517
1,939
985
593
64.6
47.7
37.7
58.1
74.1
82.1
81.9
82.2
81.7
83.0
82.4
83.6
81.2
82.9
79.2
58.3
68.7
46.1
12.0
22.5
12.6
4.6
3,208
236
114
122
305
1,961
686
315
371
753
397
357
522
294
228
396
213
183
310
144
97
106,648
5,571
2,228
3,344
10,057
77,531
25,608
12,218
13,390
29,383
14,923
14,460
22,540
12,605
9,934
10,389
6,639
3,750
3,100
1,735
858
507
4,836
912
438
475
765
2,751
1,068
573
495
1,035
554
481
648
351
297
302
191
110
106
59
30
17
4.2
13.6
15.8
12.0
6.9
3.3
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
55,301
5,462
3,434
2,028
2,855
14,561
4,729
2,146
2,583
5,154
2,720
2,434
4,678
2,312
2,366
7,425
2,931
4,493
24,998
6,422
6,593
11,983
2,389
188
89
100
241
1,437
524
247
277
543
280
263
369
209
160
274
148
126
249
116
76
57
57,608
2,823
1,117
1,706
5,348
41,952
14,042
6,609
7,433
5,972
3,769
2,202
2,037
1,086
585
365
72.7
48.1
37.6
59.2
78.9
89.9
90.8
90.0
91.6
90.7
90.9
90.4
88.0
89.3
86.5
66.9
77.8
53.9
16.9
28.1
17.5
7.5
2,641
502
234
268
439
1,461
553
304
250
549
298
251
358
197
161
182
113
69
58
35
16
4.2
14.3
16.3
12.9
7.3
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.7
3.2
2.6
1.7
19,938
2,744
1,769
975
1,058
3,388
923
462
461
1,144
548
597
1,320
629
691
2,775
964
1,812
9,973
2,745
2,742
4,485
49,859
2,796
1,136
1,660
4,773
36,104
11,727
5,677
6,051
13,667
6,858
6,810
10,709
6,001
4,708
4,813
3,082
1,731
1,374
793
370
211
57.0
47.2
37.8
56.8
69.2
74.3
73.1
74.4
71.9
75.3
73.9
76.7
74.6
76.6
72.2
50.2
60.1
38.9
8.4
17.6
8.7
2.7
819
48
25
23
63
524
162
68
94
210
116
94
152
85
68
122
65
57
61
29
21
12
49,040
2,748
1,111
1,637
4,709
35,579
11,565
5,609
5,957
13,457
6,741
6,716
10,557
5,916
4,640
4,691
3,017
1,674
1,312
764
349
199
2,195
411
204
207
326
1,290
515
269
245
486
256
230
290
154
136
119
78
41
49
24
14
11
4.2
12.8
15.2
11.1
6.4
3.5
4.2
4.5
3.9
3.4
3.6
3.3
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.3
3.4
2.9
3.7
4.8
35,363
2,718
1,665
1,053
1,797
11,173
3,805
1,683
2,122
4,009
2,172
1,837
3,359
1,683
1,675
4,650
1,968
2,682
15,025
3,677
3,850
7,497
67.5
55.2
44.7
66.0
79.6
85.0
85.3
85.9
84.7
85.8
85.4
86.3
83.5
85.1
81.6
59.9
70.6
47.4
12.3
23.2
13.0
4.7
109,856
5,807
75.9
56.1
44.9
68.0
85.1
93.0
94.2
93.9
94.5
93.7
94.1
93.3
90.6
91.9
89.0
68.9
80.1
55.6
17.4
29.0
18.0
7.7
59,998
3,011
1,206
1,806
5,590
43,388
14,567
6,856
7,711
16,470
8,462
8,007
59.5
54.1
44.6
63.9
73.9
77.0
76.3
77.9
74.8
77.9
76.6
79.3
76.6
78.5
74.3
51.5
61.6
39.8
8.6
18.2
9.1
2.9
2,341
3,466
10,362
79,492
26,294
12,533
13,761
30,137
15,320
14,817
23,061
12,899
10,162
10,785
6,851
3,933
3,411
1,879
955
576
Men
82,577
6,257
3,209
3,048
7,087
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
48,237
16,043
7,622
8,421
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
18,163
9,308
8,855
14,030
7,724
6,306
8,929
4,846
4,083
12,067
3,867
3,343
4,857
62,639
3,513
1,440
2,073
6,029
44,849
15,120
7,160
7,960
17,019
8,761
8,258
12,710
7,095
5,615
6,154
3,882
2,272
2,094
1,122
601
372
12,352
6,898
5,454
15,926
8,182
7,744
11,983
6,689
5,294
5,698
3,621
2,076
1,788
971
509
308
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
87,417
5,924
3,004
2,920
6,896
48,567
16,047
7,629
8,418
18,162
9,285
8,877
14,357
7,838
6,519
9,582
5,128
4,454
16,447
4,494
4,234
7,719
52,054
3,207
1,339
1,867
5,099
37,394
12,242
5,946
6,296
14,153
7,113
7,040
10,999
6,155
4,844
4,932
3,161
1,772
1,422
817
384
See footnotes at end of table.
165
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
24,003
2,412
1,255
1,158
2,515
14,259
5,279
2,568
2,711
5,410
2,832
2,578
3,571
2,100
1,470
2,164
1,183
980
2,653
878
724
1,051
15,529
933
352
580
1,783
11,454
4,329
2,096
2,233
4,401
2,324
2,076
2,724
1,663
1,062
1,093
709
384
265
142
69
54
64.7
38.7
28.1
50.1
70.9
80.3
82.0
81.6
82.4
81.4
82.1
80.5
76.3
79.2
72.2
50.5
59.9
39.2
10.0
16.2
9.5
5.2
13,969
631
229
401
1,456
10,585
3,903
1,866
2,037
4,094
2,155
1,939
2,588
1,581
1,007
1,048
681
367
249
134
63
52
58.2
26.1
18.3
34.7
57.9
74.2
73.9
72.7
75.1
75.7
76.1
75.2
72.5
75.3
68.5
48.4
57.6
37.4
9.4
15.2
8.7
5.0
117
3
1
2
10
92
22
6
16
36
21
15
33
14
20
8
5
3
5
3
13,852
628
229
399
1,446
10,494
3,880
1,860
2,020
4,059
2,134
1,924
2,555
1,568
987
1,040
676
364
245
131
63
51
1,560
302
123
179
327
869
426
230
197
307
169
137
136
81
55
45
28
18
16
8
6
2
10.0
32.4
35.0
30.8
18.3
7.6
9.9
11.0
8.8
7.0
7.3
6.6
5.0
4.9
5.1
4.2
3.9
4.6
6.1
5.9
8.3
3.6
8,474
1,479
902
577
732
2,805
949
472
478
1,009
508
501
847
438
409
1,070
474
596
2,388
736
656
997
10,763
1,188
634
553
1,153
6,441
2,363
1,141
1,222
2,471
1,293
1,177
1,607
952
654
936
517
419
1,045
356
311
378
7,354
444
178
266
832
5,435
2,052
987
1,065
2,096
1,112
984
1,287
787
500
508
339
169
134
70
33
31
68.3
37.4
28.0
48.1
72.1
84.4
86.8
86.5
87.1
84.8
86.0
83.6
80.1
82.6
76.4
54.3
65.6
40.4
12.9
19.7
10.8
8.1
6,607
282
108
174
668
5,044
1,874
893
981
1,955
1,037
919
1,215
745
470
487
327
159
127
66
31
29
61.4
23.7
17.0
31.5
57.9
78.3
79.3
78.3
80.2
79.1
80.2
78.0
75.6
78.2
71.8
52.0
63.3
38.1
12.1
18.7
10.0
7.7
103
2
1
1
8
81
18
5
13
34
21
13
29
14
34
8
5
3
5
3
6,504
280
107
173
660
4,963
1,856
888
968
1,922
1,016
905
1,186
731
455
479
323
157
122
64
31
27
747
162
70
92
165
391
178
94
84
141
75
66
72
42
30
22
12
10
7
4
2
1
10.2
36.5
39.5
34.4
19.8
7.2
8.7
9.5
7.9
6.7
6.8
6.7
5.6
5.4
6.0
4.2
3.5
5.8
5.5
5.4
3,409
744
456
287
321
1,006
311
154
157
375
181
193
320
165
154
427
178
249
911
286
278
348
13,241
1,225
620
604
1,362
7,818
2,916
1,427
1,489
2,939
1,539
1,400
1,964
1,148
816
1,228
666
562
1,608
522
413
673
8,175
489
175
314
951
6,019
2,277
1,109
1,168
2,305
1,213
1,092
1,437
876
561
585
370
215
131
72
35
24
61.7
39.9
28.2
52.0
69.9
77.0
78.1
77.7
78.5
78.4
78.8
78.0
73.2
76.3
68.8
47.6
55.5
38.3
8.2
13.8
8.6
3.5
7,362
349
122
227
789
5,541
2,029
973
1,056
2,139
1,118
1,020
1,373
836
537
561
354
207
122
67
32
23
55.6
28.5
19.6
37.6
57.9
70.9
69.6
68.2
70.9
72.8
72.7
72.9
69.9
72.9
65.8
45.7
53.1
36.9
7.6
12.9
7.7
3.4
14
1
7,348
348
122
226
787
5,531
2,024
972
1,052
2,137
1,118
1,019
1,369
837
533
561
354
207
122
67
32
23
813
140
53
87
163
478
248
136
112
166
94
72
64
39
24
24
16
8
9
5
3
1
9.9
28.7
30.3
27.8
17.1
7.9
10.9
12.2
9.6
7.2
7.8
6.6
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.7
6.6
6.5
9.8
5,066
736
446
290
411
1,799
638
318
320
634
326
308
527
272
255
643
296
347
1,477
450
378
649
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
166
1
2
11
5
1
4
2
1
1
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Employment status of the Hispanic-orgin population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Civilian labor force
Age and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over....
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over..
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
20,321
2,121
1,088
1,033
2,623
15,577
12,439
5,405
4,453
2,581
3,138
1,580
1,558
13,796
911
315
596
2,004
10,880
9,844
4,298
3,601
1,945
1,036
850
186
67.9
43.0
28.9
57.7
76.4
69.8
79.1
79.5
80.9
75.4
33.0
53.8
11.9
12,726
714
228
487
1,798
10,214
9,246
4,029
3,371
1,846
968
794
173
62.6
33.7
20.9
47.1
68.6
65.6
74.3
74.5
75.7
71.5
30.8
50.3
11.1
660
33
7
25
105
523
474
220
158
96
48
41
8
12,067
682
221
461
1,694
9,691
8,772
3,809
3,213
1,749
919
754
166
1,069
197
87
110
206
666
598
269
229
99
68
56
13
7.7
21.6
27.7
18.4
10.3
6.1
6.1
6.3
6.4
5.1
6.6
6.5
6.8
6,526
1,210
773
437
618
4,697
2,595
1,107
852
636
2,102
730
1,372
10,368
1,119
585
534
1,439
7,811
6,413
2,872
2,275
1,266
1,398
747
651
8,309
531
177
354
1,267
6,512
5,887
2,684
2,091
1,112
624
511
113
80.1
47.4
30.2
66.3
88.1
83.4
91.8
93.5
91.9
87.8
44.6
68.4
17.3
7,728
420
130
290
1,142
6,165
5,584
2,547
1,978
1,059
581
477
105
74.5
37.6
22.2
54.4
79.4
78.9
87.1
88.7
87.0
83.6
41.6
63.8
16.1
571
27
6
21
96
448
404
189
130
86
43
37
7
7,157
393
123
270
1,046
5,717
5,180
2,358
1,849
973
538
440
98
582
110
47
63
125
346
304
137
113
54
43
35
8
7.0
20.8
26.5
17.9
9.8
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.4
4.8
6.9
6.8
7.2
2,059
588
408
180
172
1,299
525
188
184
154
774
236
538
9,953
1,003
503
500
1,184
7,766
6,027
2,533
2,178
1,315
1,740
833
907
5,486
381
138
242
737
4,368
3,957
1,614
1,510
833
411
338
73
55.1
38.0
27.5
48.5
62.3
56.2
65.7
63.7
69.3
63.3
23.6
40.6
8.1
4,999
294
98
196
656
4,049
3,663
1,482
1,393
787
386
318
69
50.2
29.3
19.5
39.3
55.4
52.1
60.8
58.5
64.0
59.9
22.2
38.1
7.6
89
6
1
5
8
75
70
31
29
11
5
4
1
4,910
289
97
191
648
3,974
3,592
1,451
1,365
776
381
314
68
488
87
40
46
81
320
294
132
117
46
25
21
4
8.9
22.7
29.2
19.1
11.0
7.3
7.4
8.2
7.7
5.5
6.1
6.1
6.0
4,466
622
365
257
447
3,398
2,069
919
668
482
1,329
494
834
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over....
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over.
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over....
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over..
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
167
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Black
White
Total
Hispanic origin
Employment status, sex, and age
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
200,591
133,943
66.80
126,708
3,443
123,264
7,236
5.40
66,647
203,133
136,297
67.10
129,558
3,399
126,159
6,739
4.90
66,837
168,317
113,108
67.20
107,808
3,276
104,532
5,300
4.70
55,209
169,993
114,693
67.50
109,856
3,208
106,648
4,836
4.20
55,301
23,604
15,134
64.10
13,542
98
13,444
1,592
10.50
8,470
24,003
15,529
64.70
13,969
117
13,852
1,560
10.00
8,474
19,213
12,774
66.50
11,642
609
11,033
1,132
8.90
6,439
20,321
13,796
67.90
12,726
660
12,067
1,069
7.70
6,526
96,206
72,087
74.90
68,207
2,573
65,634
3,880
5.40
24,119
97,715
73,261
75.00
69,685
2,552
67,133
3,577
4.90
24,454
81,489
61,783
75.80
58,888
2,436
56,452
2,896
4.70
19,706
82,577
62,639
75.90
59,998
2,389
57,608
2,641
4.20
19,938
10,575
7,264
68.70
6,456
86
6,371
808
11.10
3,311
10,763
7,354
68.30
6,607
103
6,504
747
10.20
3,409
9,604
7,646
79.60
7,039
537
6,502
607
7.90
1,957
10,368
8,309
80.10
7,728
571
7,157
582
7.00
2,059
88,606
68,044
76.80
64,897
2,356
62,541
3,146
4.60
20,563
89,879
69,166
77.00
66,284
2,356
63,927
2,882
4.20
20,713
75,454
58,340
77.30
55,977
2,224
53,753
2,363
4.10
17,114
76,320
59,126
77.50
56,986
2,201
54,785
2,140
3.60
17,194
9,414
6,806
72.30
6,167
83
6,084
639
9.40
2,608
9,575
6,910
72.20
6,325
101
6,224
585
8.50
2,665
8,611
7,150
83.00
6,655
510
6,145
495
6.90
1,461
9,250
7,779
84.10
7,307
544
6,763
471
6.10
1,471
104,385
61,857
59.30
58,501
871
57,630
3,356
5.40
42,528
105,418
63,036
59.80
59,873
847
59,026
3,162
5.00
42,382
86,828
51,325
59.10
48,920
840
48,080
2,404
4.70
35,503
87,417
52,054
59.50
49,859
819
49,040
2,195
4.20
35,363
13,029
7,869
60.40
7,086
13
7,073
784
10.00
5,159
13,241
8,175
61.70
7,362
14
7,348
813
9.90
5,066
9,610
5,128
53.40
4,602
72
4,531
525
10.20
4,482
9,953
5,486
55.10
4,999
89
4,910
488
8.90
4,466
97,050
58,094
59.90
55,311
827
54,484
2,783
4.80
38,956
97,889
59,198
60.50
56,613
798
55,815
2,585
4.40
38,691
81,041
48,162
59.40
46,164
798
45,366
1,998
4.10
32,879
81,492
48,847
59.90
47,063
771
46,292
1,784
3.70
32,645
11,833
7,405
62.60
6,762
12
6,749
643
8.70
4,428
12,016
7,686
64.00
7,013
13
7,000
673
8.80
4,330
8,654
4,779
55.20
4,341
69
4,272
438
9.20
3,875
8,950
5,106
57.00
4,705
83
4,622
401
7.90
3,845
14,934
7,806
52.30
6,500
261
6,239
1,306
16.70
7,128
15,365
7,932
51.60
6,661
244
6,417
1,271
16.00
7,433
11,822
6,607
55.90
5,667
254
5,413
939
14.20
5,215
12,181
6,720
55.20
5,807
236
5,571
912
13.60
5,462
2,356
923
39.20
613
3
611
310
33.60
1,434
2,412
933
38.70
631
3
628
302
32.40
1,479
1,948
845
43.40
646
29
617
199
23.60
1,103
2,121
911
43.00
714
33
682
197
21.60
1,210
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
,
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to tatals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are includes in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
168
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
Employment status, sex, and age
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
19,213
12,774
66.5
11,642
20,321
11,762
7,943
67.5
7,209
542
12,443
8,546
68.7
7,884
572
2,017
13,796
7,312
662
7.7
3,819
3,897
991
637
64.3
591
4
587
46
7.2
354
1,025
646
63.0
603
5
6,667
734
9.2
2,139
1,293
60.4
1,166
8
1,158
127
9.8
846
6,529
5,316
81.4
4,941
492
4,450
374
1,010
723
71.6
506
378
74.8
354
4
350
24
6.4
128
520
387
74.4
364
4
360
23
6.0
133
484
366
75.6
343
3
339
23
6.3
500
375
74.9
352
4
348
22
6.0
118
125
559
485
259
53.3
237
1
237
22
8.3
226
504
259
51.3
239
1
239
20
7.6
246
49
10.0
487
997
521
52.3
476
2
474
45
8.7
475
460
250
54.2
230
1
230
19
7.7
211
484
251
51.8
232
1
232
19
7.4
233
228
81
35.4
60
254
103
40.4
71
47
21
46.1
40
20
49.7
18
18
60
21
26.3
147
70
32
31.2
151
18
3
( )
25
18
2
( )
20
1996
1997
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
609
11,033
1,132
67.9
12,726
660
12,067
8.9
6,439
1,069
7.7
6,526
9,604
7,646
10,368
8,309
6,057
4,932
79.6
7,039
537
6,502
607
80.1
7,728
7.9
1,957
7.0
2,059
81.4
4,530
All
4,053
402
8.2
1,125
8,611
7,150
83.0
9,250
7,779
1,170
58.0
1,057
9
1,049
112
9.6
848
599
43
6.6
379
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
571
7,157
582
7.0
1,214
925
640
69.2
585
8
577
55
8.6
285
5,795
4,965
85.7
4,659
466
4,193
306
6.2
831
809
595
73.6
554
8
546
42
7.0
214
5,913
1,093
529
654
6
648
69
9.6
287
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
6,145
495
6.9
1,461
84.1
7,307
544
6,763
471
6.1
1,471
9,610
5,128
53.4
5,486
55.1
4,602
72
4,999
89
4,531
525
10.2
4,482
4,910
488
8,654
4,779
55.2
8,950
5,106
57.0
4,705
83
4,622
401
7.9
3,845
6,655
510
5,421
4,590
84.7
4,267
453
3,814
323
7.0
831
669
75.3
619
6
614
50
7.4
220
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
9,953
8.9
4,466
5,704
3,011
52.8
2,680
65
2,615
331
11.0
3,231
54.6
2,693
2,943
80
2,863
288
8.9
2,683
5,085
2,775
54.6
2,506
63
2,443
270
9.7
5,280
2,984
56.5
2,752
75
2,677
232
7.8
2,310
2,296
1,255
578
46.0
437
27
410
141
24.4
678
1,368
598
43.7
473
31
442
125
20.9
770
48.5
472
1
472
57
10.8
563
1,129
570
50.5
512
3
510
58
10.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4,341
69
4,272
438
9.2
3,875
981
493
50.3
444
1
444
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1,948
845
43.4
646
29
617
199
23.6
1,103
2,121
911
43.0
714
33
682
197
21.6
1,210
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
2
2
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
169
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Total
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Women
Educational attainment
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
170,327
114,833
67.4
110,518
64.9
4,315
3.8
79,995
60,940
76.2
58,468
73.1
2,471
4.1
81,173
61,982
76.4
59,736
73.6
2,246
3.6
88,253
51,821
58.7
49,602
56.2
2,219
4.3
89,153
52,851
59.3
50,782
57.0
2,069
3.9
142,588
95,498
67.0
91,992
64.5
3,507
3.7
143,829
96,846
67.3
93,687
65.1
3,159
3.3
18,729
12,473
66.6
11,518
61.5
955
7.7
19,076
12,813
67.2
11,882
62.3
930
7.3
14,741
10,084
68.4
9,368
63.6
716
7.1
15,577
10,880
69.8
10,214
65.6
666
6.1
30,166
12,394
41.1
11,317
37.5
1,078
8.7
29,757
12,564
42.2
11,546
38.8
1,018
8.1
14,166
7,656
54.0
7,058
49.8
598
7.8
14,119
7,766
55.0
7,210
51.1
557
7.2
16,000
4,739
29.6
4,259
26.6
480
10.1
15,638
4,798
30.7
4,336
27.7
461
9.6
24,182
10,060
41.6
9,258
38.3
803
8.0
23,785
10,144
42.6
9,414
39.6
730
7.2
4,670
1,756
37.6
1,534
32.8
222
12.6
4,611
1,816
39.4
1,578
34.2
238
13.1
6,730
3,820
56.8
3,450
51.3
369
9.7
6,968
4,084
58.6
3,738
53.7
346
8.5
56,417
37,026
65.6
35,300
62.6
1,726
4.7
57,424
37,769
65.8
36,163
63.0
1,606
4.3
25,543
19,558
76.6
18,639
73.0
919
4.7
26,076
19,967
76.6
19,124
73.3
844
4.2
30,874
17,468
56.6
16,661
54.0
807
4.6
31,348
17,802
56.8
17,039
54.4
763
4.3
48,143
31,280
65.0
30,042
62.4
1,238
4.0
48,728
31,699
65.1
30,552
62.7
1,147
3.6
6,568
4,610
70.2
4,192
63.8
418
9.1
6,837
4,798
70.2
4,409
64.5
389
8.1
3,945
2,942
74.6
2,746
69.6
195
6.6
4,154
3,123
75.2
2,945
70.9
178
5.7
41,688
31,159
74.7
29,994
71.9
1,165
3.7
41,946
31,343
74.7
30,321
72.3
1,022
3.3
19,167
15,752
82.2
15,175
79.2
577
3.7
19,387
15,892
82.0
15,393
79.4
499
3.1
22,522
15,407
68.4
14,819
65.8
588
3.8
22,560
15,451
68.5
14,928
66.2
523
3.4
35,429
26,193
73.9
25,321
71.5
872
3.3
35,552
26,326
74.0
25,574
71.9
752
2.9
4,809
3,856
80.2
3,609
75.1
247
6.4
4,890
3,884
79.4
3,665
74.9
219
5.6
2,623
2,126
81.0
2,021
77.1
105
4.9
2,830
2,309
81.6
2,214
78.2
95
4.1
29,416
21,437
72.9
20,590
70.0
848
4.0
29,448
21,430
72.8
20,678
70.2
752
3.5
13,908
11,191
80.5
10,759
77.4
432
3.9
14,009
11,252
80.3
10,876
77.6
377
3.3
15,508
10,247
66.1
9,831
63.4
416
4.1
15,439
10,178
65.9
9,802
63.5
376
3.7
24,873
17,874
71.9
17,249
69.3
625
3.5
24,817
17,845
71.9
17,302
69.7
543
3.0
3,574
2,830
79.2
2,640
73.9
190
6.7
3,640
2,855
78.4
2,681
73.6
175
6.1
1,899
1,529
80.5
1,453
76.5
76
4.9
2,056
1,672
81.3
1,603
77.9
69
4.1
12,272
9,722
79.2
9,404
76.6
317
3.3
12,498
9,913
79.3
9,643
77.2
270
2.7
5,259
4,561
86.7
4,416
84.0
145
3.2
5,378
4,640
86.3
4,517
84.0
123
2.6
7,014
5,161
73.6
4,988
71.1
173
3.3
7,121
5,273
74.1
5,126
72.0
147
2.8
10,555
8,320
78.8
8,072
76.5
248
3.0
10,735
8,481
79.0
8,271
11A
210
2.5
1,235
1,025
83.0
969
78.4
56
5.5
1,250
1,029
82.3
984
78.7
45
4.3
724
597
82.5
568
78.4
29
4.9
773
637
82.3
611
79.0
26
4.0
39,976
32,181
80.5
31,459
78.7
722
2.2
41,200
33,157
80.5
32,488
78.9
669
2.0
21,120
17,974
85.1
17,596
83.3
378
2.1
21,592
18,357
85.0
18,010
83.4
347
1.9
18,857
14,207
75.3
13,863
73.5
344
2.4
19,608
14,800
75.5
14,478
73.8
322
2.2
34,834
27,965
80.3
27,371
78.6
594
2.1
35,764
28,677
80.2
28,148
78.7
529
1.8
2,682
2,253
84.0
2,183
81.4
69
3.1
2,738
2,314
84.5
2,230
81.4
84
3.6
1,443
1,197
82.9
1,151
79.7
46
3.8
1,625
1,364
83.9
1,316
81.0
47
3.5
1996
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 168,248
Civilian labor force
112,760
Percent of population
67.0
Employed
108,070
Employment-population ratio
64.2
Unemployed
4,690
Unemployment rate
4.2
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian laborforce
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian laborforce
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian laborforce
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian laborforce
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree, and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1997,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
170
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Employed
1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Age, sex, and race
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
106,334
2,166
321
1,845
104,168
9,033
95,135
83,335
11,800
92,399
1,786
245
1,541
90,613
7,944
82,669
72,715
9,954
62,258
1,283
60,974
5,193
55,781
48,560
7,220
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Not
at
work
Total
9,922
322
65
257
9,601
850
8,751
7,517
1,234
4,013
58
11
48
3,954
239
3,715
3,102
613
23,224
4,495
2,327
2,168
18,729
3,346
15,383
11,126
4,257
2,826
325
82
243
2,500
527
1,973
1,738
236
18,856
3,985
2,152
1,832
14,872
2,675
12,196
8,567
3,630
1,542
185
93
92
1,357
144
1,213
822
391
5,395
647
182
465
4,748
969
3,780
3,428
352
1,344
625
407
218
719
184
535
392
144
55,216
1,068
54,148
4,625
49,523
43,311
6,212
5,040
183
4,857
457
4,400
3,734
666
2,001
32
1,969
110
1,859
1,516
343
7,427
2,117
5,310
1,355
3,955
2,211
1,744
1,187
165
1,023
239
784
687
97
5,821
1,877
3,944
1,064
2,880
1,394
1,486
418
76
343
52
291
130
161
3,012
369
2,644
555
2,088
1,869
219
564
325
239
81
158
91
67
44,076
882
43,194
3,840
39,354
34,774
4,580
37,183
718
36,465
3,319
33,146
29,404
3,742
4,882
139
4,744
392
4,351
3,783
568
2,011
26
1,985
128
1,857
1,587
270
15,797
2,378
13,419
1,992
11,428
8,915
2,513
1,638
161
1,477
288
1,189
1,050
139
13,035
2,107
10,927
1,611
9,316
7,173
2,143
1,124
109
1,015
93
922
691
231
2,383
278
2,105
413
1,691
1,558
133
779
299
480
103
377
301
77
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
53,640
1,141
52,498
4,457
48,041
41,624
6,417
47,563
954
46,609
3,971
42,637
37,129
5,508
4,358
159
4,199
392
3,806
3,207
600
1,719
28
1,691
94
1,597
1,288
309
6,358
1,870
4,488
1,132
3,356
1,764
1,592
909
138
771
185
586
509
78
5,084
1,665
3,419
905
2,514
1,151
1,363
365
67
298
42
256
105
151
2,202
256
1,946
377
1,569
1,388
181
440
246
194
62
132
72
59
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
35,965
749
35,216
3,108
32,108
28,179
3,929
30,286
609
29,677
2,699
26,978
23,764
3,214
4,036
116
3,919
309
3,610
3,117
493
1,643
23
1,620
99
1,520
1,297
223
13,894
2,047
11,847
1,665
10,182
7,925
2,258
1,260
124
1,136
222
914
804
110
11,623
1,835
9,788
1,365
8,423
6,489
1,935
1,011
88
923
78
845
632
213
1,587
191
1,396
253
1,143
1,041
102
608
220
388
73
315
249
66
5,894
104
5,790
531
5,260
4,746
514
5,193
82
5,111
470
4,641
4,197
444
490
19
471
51
420
376
44
211
3
208
10
198
173
25
713
178
535
137
398
298
100
203
24
179
43
137
125
12
474
149
326
89
237
157
80
36
6
30
5
25
16
8
648
99
549
150
399
376
23
98
63
35
15
21
15
5
6,026
105
5,921
561
5,360
4,867
493
5,085
84
5,001
474
4,527
4,130
397
652
18
634
64
570
512
57
289
2
286
23
263
225
38
1,336
244
1,092
228
865
674
190
305
32
273
57
216
195
21
952
196
755
160
595
440
155
79
16
64
11
53
39
13
677
74
603
140
463
439
24
136
66
70
23
47
39
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
White
Black
Men,
16 to 19 years
16 years and over
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their
reason for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on
their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are
at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are
classified according to their usual status.
171
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
1996
Total
1997
126,708 129,558
16 years
and over
Women
20 years
and over
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
68,207
69,685
64,897
66,284
58,501
59,873
55,311
56,613
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
36,497
17,746
716
12,656
4,374
18,752
1,960
1,345
536
960
2,812
889
4,724
911
4,616
37,686
18,440
694
13,143
4,604
19,245
2,036
1,494
529
1,027
2,886
869
4,798
925
4,681
18,744
9,979
384
7,703
1,892
8,764
1,793
933
379
715
403
502
1,207
647
2,186
19,249
10,271
372
7,951
1,948
8,978
1,841
1,040
365
769
391
498
1,166
678
2,231
18,637
9,942
383
7,673
1,886
8,695
1,791
929
378
715
403
497
1,195
647
2,140
19,131
10,223
372
7,911
1,940
8,907
1,840
1,034
365
769
390
492
1,149
677
2,192
17,754
7,767
332
4,953
2,481
9,987
167
412
157
245
2,409
387
3,517
264
2,430
18,437
8,170
322
5,191
2,656
10,267
195
454
164
259
2,495
371
3,632
247
2,450
17,610
7,719
332
4,917
2,471
9,891
166
411
157
245
2,405
381
3,474
264
2,387
18,299
8,124
322
5,154
2,648
10,176
194
453
164
258
2,492
364
3,594
246
2,409
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
37,683
3,926
1,605
1,164
1,157
15,404
4,501
2,529
1,559
6,728
87
18,353
670
402
3,868
2,272
998
10,143
38,309
4,214
1,693
1,246
1,275
15,734
4,635
2,613
1,507
6,887
91
18,361
685
392
3,692
2,196
977
10,420
13,489
1,865
312
889
664
7,782
2,812
1,445
1,169
2,336
21
3,842
267
159
85
202
626
2,503
13,760
2,028
336
955
737
7,840
2,855
1,464
1,132
2,364
24
3,892
275
162
79
172
606
2,597
12,775
1,831
308
868
655
7,308
2,790
1,431
1,159
1,907
21
3,636
266
156
79
197
606
2,333
12,981
1,989
333
932
725
7,320
2,833
1,445
1,126
1,892
23
3,673
274
158
73
165
588
2,413
24,194
2,061
1,293
275
494
7,622
1,689
1,084
391
4,392
66
14,511
404
243
3,783
2,071
371
7,639
24,549
2,186
1,357
291
538
7,894
1,780
1,149
375
4,523
67
14,469
410
229
3,613
2,024
371
7,823
22,553
2,036
1,278
269
488
6,559
1,669
1,059
382
3,387
63
13,958
401
234
3,682
2,051
358
7,232
22,859
2,153
1,339
281
532
6,804
1,754
1,124
369
3,493
64
13,902
406
223
3,519
1,998
360
7,395
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
17,177
804
2,187
14,186
5,906
2,398
3,125
2,756
17,537
795
2,300
14,442
5,999
2,447
3,108
2,888
6,967
41
1,811
5,115
2,563
284
1,737
531
7,122
37
1,890
5,195
2,590
289
1,764
552
5,989
32
1,775
4,182
1,845
278
1,612
447
6,134
30
1,837
4,267
1,876
278
1,641
473
10,210
764
375
9,071
3,343
2,115
1,388
2,225
10,416
758
411
9,247
3,409
2,158
1,344
2,335
9,079
663
341
8,074
2,649
2,025
1,323
2,078
9,284
670
373
8,241
2,705
2,075
1,286
2,174
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,587
4,521
5,108
3,959
14,124
4,675
5,378
4,071
12,368
4,335
4,981
3,052
12,868
4,494
5,251
3,123
12,100
4,235
4,860
3,004
12,575
4,400
5,113
3,063
1,219
185
127
906
1,256
181
127
948
1,189
182
122
885
1,229
178
122
928
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,197
7,874
5,302
4,025
1,277
5,021
809
4,212
18,399
7,962
5,389
4,089
1,300
5,048
811
4,237
13,750
4,902
4,799
3,575
1,223
4,049
778
3,272
13,858
4,962
4,872
3,629
1,243
4,025
773
3,252
12,773
4,743
4,686
3,480
1,206
3,344
702
2,641
12,876
4,794
4,774
3,548
1,226
3,309
703
2,605
4,447
2,972
504
450
54
971
31
940
4,540
3,000
518
461
57
1,023
37
985
4,250
2,897
487
434
53
866
29
838
4,318
2,916
500
445
55
901
36
865
3,566
1,314
2,252
3,503
1,317
2,186
2,889
1,010
1,879
2,828
1,012
1,816
2,624
1,001
1,623
2,587
1,000
1,587
677
303
374
675
305
371
630
303
328
625
302
323
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
N O T E : Beginning in January 1977, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
172
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
10. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Women
Occupation and race
1996
1997
126,708
100.0
1996
1997
1996
1997
129,558
100.0
68,207
100.0
69,685
100.0
58,501
100.0
59,873
100.0
28.8
14.0
14.8
29.7
3.1
12.2
14.5
13.6
.6
1.7
11.2
10.7
14.4
6.2
4.2
4.0
2.8
29.1
14.2
27.6
14.7
10.9
14.2
6.1
4.2
3.9
2.7
27.5
14.6
12.8
19.8
2.7
11.4
5.6
10.2
.1
2.7
7.5
18.1
20.2
7.2
7.0
5.9
4.2
19.7
2.9
11.3
5.6
10.2
.1
2.7
7.5
18.5
19.9
7.1
7.0
5.8
4.1
30.3
13.3
17.1
41.4
3.5
13.0
24.8
17.5
1.3
.6
15.5
2.1
7.6
5.1
.9
1.7
1.2
30.8
13.6
17.1
41.0
3.7
13.2
24.2
17.4
1.3
.7
15.4
2.1
7.6
5.0
.9
1.7
1.1
107,808
100.0
109,856
100.0
58,888
100.0
59,998
100.0
48,920
100.0
49,859
100.0
29.8
14.7
15.1
29.8
3.1
12.5
14.2
12.5
.6
1.6
10.3
11.1
13.6
5.8
4.1
3.7
3.1
30.1
28.4
15.3
13.0
19.8
2.7
11.9
5.2
9.3
.1
2.5
6.7
28.5
15.5
31.5
14.9
15.2
29.7
3.3
12.5
13.9
12.4
.6
1.6
10.2
32.0
14.3
11.4
18.8
13.5
5.8
4.0
3.7
3.0
19.2
6.9
6.8
5.5
4.6
13.0
19.8
2.9
11.7
5.2
9.2
1
( )
2.5
6.6
19.1
19.0
6.9
6.7
5.4
4.4
13,542
100.0
13,969
100.0
6,456
100.0
20.0
9.0
11.0
28.6
2.7
9.0
16.9
21.9
1.0
2.9
18.0
7.9
20.6
8.8
5.7
6.1
1.0
19.8
9.1
10.7
28.9
2.9
9.1
16.8
22.1
.9
3.1
18.1
8.2
19.9
8.4
5.9
5.6
1.1
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
14.9
29.6
3.3
12.1
14.2
13.5
.6
1.8
11.1
12.9
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
13.9
17.6
41.9
3.5
13.3
25.0
16.3
1.2
.5
14.6
2.0
6.9
4.5
.8
1.6
1.3
17.8
41.6
3.7
13.4
24.5
16.2
1.2
.6
14.4
2.0
6.9
4.4
.8
1.6
1.3
6,607
100.0
7,086
100.0
7,362
100.0
16.9
8.3
8.6
16.8
8.5
8.4
22.8
9.6
17.9
2.2
7.2
8.5
18.0
.1
4.4
13.5
14.2
31.1
10.1
10.6
10.4
2.0
18.1
2.6
6.8
8.7
22.4
9.6
12.8
38.5
3.2
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
173
18.1
.1
4.8
13.2
14.9
29.9
9.6
11.0
9.4
2.1
13.1
38.4
3.2
10.6
24.6
25.4
1.9
1.5
22.1
2.2
11.0
7.7
1.2
2.1
.2
11.2
24.1
25.7
1.7
1.5
22.5
2.2
10.9
7.4
1.3
2.2
.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Administrators, protective services
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations
Administrators, education and related fields
,
Managers, medicine and health
,
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments
Managers, properties and real estate
Management-related occupations
,
Accountants and auditors
Underwriters
Other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction ,
Professional specialty
Engineers, architects, and surveyors
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Agricultural and food scientists
Medical scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Dentists
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Respiratory therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Physicians' assistants
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten
Elementary school
Secondary school
Special education
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
Psychologists
129,558
46.2
10.8
9.8
37,686
18,440
48.9
44.3
49.5
22.2
49.3
63.4
40.9
34.6
61.3
76.8
44.8
49.4
57.7
56.6
70.1
54.5
42.0
68.7
52.6
9.6
33.1
7.3
6.9
11.9
13.3
3.3
8.9
8.8
5.0
5.4
5.6
2.3
5.1
2.9
4.6
4.8
5.8
4.3
9.1
10.3
5.1
5.0
2.4
5.0
3.0
5.4
8.0
3.9
8.3
53.3
10.2
17.9
9.6
4.7
17.3
7.7
9.2
16.4
5.9
30.4
28.6
40.5
31.0
25.5
28.2
46.9
25.2
26.2
17.3
86.5
93.5
45.9
88.7
75.4
59.4
64.0
95.0
63.2
42.7
75.7
97.8
83.9
58.4
82.9
66.2
77.1
80.5
54.9
52.2
59.3
7.8
3.7
1.7
3.9
1.3
7.4
2.2
5.5
4.1
2.5
7.5
7.7
7.0
5.1
5.5
4.4
9.6
3.6
4.2
2.6
8.4
8.3
4.1
28.5
6.6
7.7
5.0
3.6
5.5
6.5
10.2
13.2
10.9
8.3
10.8
12.4
6.3
6.5
8.1
6.6
9.2
4.5
3.9
5.1
3.8
2.2
1.1
4.2
3.8
5.6
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.3
2.2
4.2
2.5
1.1
4.0
4.8
1.1
3.3
2.9
2.6
6.0
4.0
2.0
4.1
3.7
8.7
3.4
5.4
9.7
5.4
4.0
3.2
4.1
4.7
5.4
4.5
3.7
4.5
114
711
733
701
1,408
535
4,604
1,625
103
704
389
482
230
55
215
19,245
2,220
169
2,036
87
92
248
652
258
352
1,494
1,236
201
529
144
38
77
1,027
724
138
2,886
2,065
200
101
455
85
110
102
65
869
4,798
574
,
,
1,872
1,173
384
248
217
188
441
135
256
See footnotes at end of table.
Black
606
58
688
108
,
174
Hispanic
origin
Women
10.7
5.6
7.5
6.4
3.7
10.7
7.4
9.1
7.1
8.4
7.9
8.7
7.7
3.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
1,357
781
126
350
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Authors
Technical writers
Designers
Musicians and composers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers
Photographers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
Announcers
Athletes
925
885
2,234
137
61
658
155
136
251
132
257
148
61
92
38,309
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Dental hygienists
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants
4,214
1,693
388
107
148
408
960
391
222
76
287
106
85
1,275
120
626
346
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Insurance sales
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
Sales workers, shoes
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
News vendors
Sales-related occupations
Demonstrators, promoters, and models
15,734
4,635
2,613
594
781
429
173
636
1,507
1,474
6,887
314
432
105
168
254
258
168
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
Supervisors, administrative support
Supervisors, general office
Supervisors, financial records processing
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks
18,361
685
392
93
1,466
227
3,007
362
125
91
65
176
See footnotes at end of table.
175
Hispanic
origin
Women
Black
54.8
69.3
70.8
13.6
26.7
26.6
49.3
53.6
51.1
58.5
36.6
38.2
45.8
29.2
51.2
65.7
14.2
27.0
17.2
21.7
13.4
12.4
2.8
2.7
5.0
1.7
3.9
2.9
10.5
7.3
3.0
6.6
4.8
7.4
7.1
6.9
8.7
4.9
5.0
3.8
3.8
5.8
2.1
3.7
6.6
9.3
5.1
5.6
5.3
1.7
6.7
9.9
5.5
64.1
51.9
80.2
75.9
98.2
69.5
94.1
18.6
14.2
16.7
10.2
39.5
57.2
22.8
42.2
1.2
30.0
83.9
10.5
9.7
13.0
. 16.1
1.5
7.5
15.4
7.4
7.4
3.9
5.1
9.4
11.2
10.4
7.1
1.8
5.9
9.8
7.9
6.1
6.3
7.4
2.3
1.6
5.6
6.7
6.8
4.6
5.3
8.3
6.0
3.7
4.8
2.4
4.5
5.8
50.2
38.4
44.0
42.8
50.0
31.2
56.6
42.8
24.9
25.3
65.7
10.6
79.8
61.0
47.0
30.5
22.6
8.7
69.2
68.9
78.4
74.8
43.8
73.5
80.3
8.1
4.8
6.9
7.7
4.6
5.5
10.0
14.2
7.1
9.4
5.8
6.7
8.6
13.4
15.6
7.9
5.8
5.0
3.6
7.6
6.8
4.5
4.7
5.1
2.6
4.2
4.9
5.0
5.0
10.0
6.9
10.2
12.8
8.4
8.8
4.0
8.0
8.1
11.4
12.1
8.4
9.3
4.6
6.2
78.8
59.8
68.0
80.1
32.6
12.8
14.4
13.7
13.9
17.4
8.6
6.1
4.9
3.7
9.3
9.2
9.1
3.0
3.0
11.9
8.5
12.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Black
Hispanic
origin
1,993
174
125
285
1,005
935
231
69
155
295
175
2,196
1,735
155
161
98
77
185
173
977
320
314
181
161
1,953
233
263
638
454
51
53
245
1,701
434
983
112
172
3,576
818
446
664
89
623
58.5
58.4
97.9
98.6
95.5
94.4
88.4
83.2
72.2
75.3
96.5
80.5
74.1
85.0
76.3
84.7
82.6
92.2
92.3
92.7
93.8
91.6
59.4
81.5
83.5
38.0
45.1
30.7
51.7
22.7
44.2
51.3
54.1
30.5
41.1
14.1
56.2
69.4
74.4
72.5
74.8
86.9
68.6
83.4
80.6
90.1
81.9
89.0
93.1
15.4
15.0
9.8
8.7
5.9
17.0
11.3
15.5
10.7
10.6
8.8
15.3
15.9
18.5
13.2
15.5
15.0
7.1
6.3
10.2
12.2
8.2
18.4
21.6
21.5
20.8
27.9
15.8
24.2
12.4
14.8
14.7
5.3
17.2
16.9
17.7
11.9
14.0
14.0
11.1
14.4
15.1
18.3
14.6
12.7
9.8
18.3
22.9
15.2
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.4
4.1
9.7
9.5
9.3
9.2
8.7
9.7
9.5
11.0
13.2
6.6
11.7
5.1
6.4
5.9
10.4
6.0
10.1
12.3
9.7
8.4
9.5
7.0
9.3
12.7
11.3
11.4
9.0
4.3
15.2
12.8
6.7
10.9
10.1
8.9
8.5
8.6
13.6
8.4
9.4
9.8
9.0
9.8
3.2
12.6
17,537
795
260
512
2,300
181
108
233
218
1,005
579
142
284
881
738
59.4
95.4
96.8
94.9
17.9
12.5
17.4
3.4
3.1
16.4
11.8
22.2
22.9
24.4
18.2
17.6
16.2
11.8
17.8
18.7
16.5
14.8
11.9
12.4
18.1
13.4
18.6
27.4
21.6
23.7
14.6
26.6
17.4
31.3
8.8
8.5
6.0
5.7
4.6
7.6
9.1
7.2
4.9
11.0
11.6
14,442
5,999
393
310
64.0
56.8
68.4
57.2
17.5
11.6
12.5
2.0
14.9
16.4
14.6
6.3
392
385
3,692
Computer equipment operators
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Meter readers
Weighers, measurers, and checkers and samplers
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data-entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers' aides
3,033
104
555
Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective service
Supervisors
Police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
Guards
Guards and police, except public services
Service occupations, except private household and protective service
Food preparation and service occupations
Supervisors, food preparation and service
Bartenders
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
176
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Waiters and waitresses
Cooks
Food counter, fountain and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters' and waitresses' assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Pest control occupations
Personal service occupations
Supervisors
Barbers
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Family child care providers
Early childhood teachers' assistants
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Small engine repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment
Data processing equipment repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers ....
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Office machine repairers
Millwrights
Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Tile setters, hard and soft
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
Roofers
Structural metalworkers
Extractive occupations
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
See footnotes at end of table.
177
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
1,375
2,126
322
278
536
660
2,447
231
341
1,875
3,108
183
643
2,226
51
2,888
145
79
748
206
115
95
513
432
77.8
41.8
69.4
72.6
48.5
48.4
88.2
96.7
76.0
89.4
43.2
39.5
80.1
34.0
1.5
80.9
69.7
22.8
90.3
34.8
82.7
86.2
98.2
95.6
4.7
16.7
12.4
9.8
9.9
15.8
30.8
6.1
27.6
34.5
21.5
24.1
27.1
19.9
11.4
14.3
13.0
36.6
10.2
13.8
10.5
25.8
11.0
17.2
10.2
20.4
8.5
14.2
18.4
25.3
9.2
11.5
6.2
9.5
21.3
14.3
24.8
21.0
14.8
9.6
2.8
7.8
8.7
7.8
6.2
11.3
11.2
10.8
14,124
4,675
247
4,428
1,898
905
341
135
60
214
179
539
726
191
190
197
66
329
919
60
89
5,378
693
4,685
184
72
121
1,335
159
774
113
545
548
92
58
200
66
145
3,926
1,262
8.9
3.9
7.0
3.7
1.3
1.5
.7
2.9
.6
1.0
.8
2.6
9.5
7.4
13.3
13.1
3.2
1.0
5.6
4.6
4.7
2.4
2.1
2.4
.7
.3
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.2
6.5
1.4
2.6
.1
.9
8.1
7.9
6.4
8.0
7.0
7.8
6.9
8.4
1.4
5.6
5.3
8.5
10.7
11.7
7.1
12.2
13.7
5.8
8.4
11.8
5.4
7.1
5.1
7.4
13.8
4.1
5.4
6.6
6.2
6.0
7.0
7.5
6.0
26.9
7.8
8.9
1.4
8.6
9.7
10.2
12.1
10.2
4.5
10.6
12.0
13.2
11.5
10.2
5.0
15.9
7.0
9.4
9.8
12.6
8.5
6.4
9.3
9.1
9.6
6.7
4.1
13.7
7.8
14.6
13.5
24.7
19.2
12.9
28.8
9.9
9.2
21.6
9.5
21.3
21.3
24.7
8.8
14.2
12.2
10.1
1.3
24.1
19.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Precision metalworking
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Precious stones and metals workers (jewelers)
Sheet-metal workers
Precision woodworking occupations
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers
Dressmakers
Upholsterers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Water and sewage treatment plant operators
Stationary engineers
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casting machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing press operators
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Winding and twisting machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Miscellaneous textile machine opertors
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c
Machine operators, not specified
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Assemblers
Miscellaneous hand working occupations
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
Transportation and material mcving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Supervisors
Truck drivers
Drivers-sales workers
See footnotes at end of table.
178
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
912
130
514
53
121
115
79
214
89
60
544
78
69
319
450
258
150
153
145
275
68
130
7.5
.7
5.1
27.9
8.9
5.3
2.7
53.6
91.6
20.1
55.7
56.5
37.7
66.2
33.3
19.3
45.2
26.7
27.6
4.7
3.0
4.6
7.5
2.7
9.1
4.6
6.6
3.0
3.1
10.5
9.5
12.4
12.5
8.0
1.9
17.6
11.9
13.0
9.5
6.8
7.2
9.5
6.2
12.8
8.3
5.5
8.2
23.4
8.5
10.4
6.1
21.5
12.6
24.8
14.3
1.7
8.5
17.4
23.0
28.1
17.7
8.9
9.4
7.9
4.6
9.6
18,399
7,962
5,062
365
95
117
175
120
127
81
393
301
1,083
55
607
102
190
59
2,901
387
118
65
216
77
167
91
1,178
418
2,113
588
1,338
94
787
545
67
173
24.7
37.7
37.6
14.5
24.0
10.9
23.5
28.9
15.6
14.7
22.8
13.3
72.1
70.6
82.0
70.6
58.8
31.4
31.5
58.6
10.2
5.8
11.7
8.2
20.9
54.1
29.1
37.6
34.3
5.6
44.6
60.1
47.6
45.7
29.1
60.1
15.1
14.8
15.4
7.0
7.3
7.0
9.6
9.0
14.5
15.5
11.8
12.7
18.8
35.9
16.0
22.4
19.3
19.2
16.0
16.9
19.9
17.2
10.7
14.1
12.6
9.9
18.1
15.1
14.1
10.1
16.6
7.9
12.9
11.5
8.4
19.4
15.4
17.9
19.6
15.2
17.0
23.0
15.2
14.3
11.7
14.1
11.2
11.3
28.0
4.8
33.8
44.1
19.4
16.3
18.9
28.8
19.4
10.1
22.3
15.4
19.5
13.4
18.4
13.3
14.1
13.1
14.6
9.6
16.9
13.5
11.6
29.5
5,389
4,089
95
3,075
150
9.6
11.3
18.5
5.7
10.9
15.2
15.3
19.3
13.4
7.6
11.0
10.9
4.9
11.1
7.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Occupation
Total
employed
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
Bus drivers
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles ....
Rail transportation
Locomotive operating occupations
Water transportation
Material moving equipment operators
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators
Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators
472
248
174
123
53
52
1,125
236
85
101
68
526
73
47.8
8.3
3.3
3.2
4.5
3.4
4.5
1.4
2.2
1.0
.9
7.2
8.1
23.3
25.8
11.3
13.9
11.2
5.0
15.4
8.2
21.6
6.4
7.6
19.4
19.6
7.9
14.7
2.6
2.9
3.3
2.2
12.7
6.6
5.4
11.5
6.4
17.9
7.1
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
Production helpers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction
5,048
123
20.3
4.9
4.2
4.6
17.4
24.5
30.4
47.2
9.6
15.5
11.9
12.5
12.9
15.4
16.0
11.5
22.1
12.0
19.8
17.7
16.1
16.3
26.1
27.6
20.5
30.4
12.9
13.2
9.0
11.5
20.6
22.0
15.6
4.5
1.2
.8
7.0
1.1
6.6
4.7
4.8
7.9
4.0
8.8
4.4
11.3
6.7
8.5
20.6
2.4
1.4
115
811
60
1,930
1,105
76
198
280
276
1,323
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farmers, except horticultural
Horticultural specialty farmers
Managers, farms, except horticultural
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Farmworkers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
Animal caretakers, except farm
Graders and sorters, agricultural products
Forestry and logging occupations
Timber cutting and logging occupations
3,503
1,317
1,071
56
174
2,030
860
796
1,170
120
856
129
61
108
79
NOTE: Generally, data for occupations with fewer than 50,000 employed are
not published separately but are included in the totals for the appropriate
11.6
58.1
21.3
19.3
23.1
24.9
8.2
17.4
17.9
19.4
19.0
16.8
3.5
6.9
69.8
70.1
5.1
3.0
15.3
4.1
33.6
41.3
41.3
27.9
18.9
30.4
5.8
56.7
6.8
3.1
categories shown. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Beginning in January
1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
179
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
12. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status.
(In thousands)
Total
Black
White
Hispanic origin
Category
1997
1996
126,708
68,207
58,501
129,558
69,685
59,873
107,808
58,888
48,920
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
36,497
17,746
18,752
37,686
18,440
19,245
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
37,683
3,926
15,404
18,353
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1996
1997
1996
1997
109,856
59,998
49,859
13,542
6,456
7,086
13,969
6,607
7,362
11,642
7,039
4,602
12,726
7,728
4,999
32,116
15,807
16,309
33,089
16,420
16,669
2,706
1,218
1,488
2,764
1,267
1,497
1,654
854
799
1,867
1,001
866
38,309
4,214
15,734
18,361
32,177
3,334
13,519
15,323
32,624
3,571
13,730
15,323
3,877
368
1,218
2,291
4,032
410
1,271
2,352
2,849
248
1,085
1,516
3,026
256
1,198
1,572
17,177
804
2,187
14,186
17,537
795
2,300
14,442
13,447
637
1,748
11,062
13,604
642
1,800
11,162
2,962
139
389
2,435
3,092
129
430
2,533
2,349
211
175
1,963
2,560
212
202
2,146
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,587
4,521
5,108
3,959
14,124
4,675
5,378
4,071
12,020
4,034
4,596
3,390
12,472
4,146
4,859
3,467
1,069
335
381
354
1,144
370
381
393
1,498
433
600
465
1,714
479
736
499
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,197
7,874
5,302
5,021
809
4,212
18,399
7,962
5,389
5,048
811
4,237
14,697
6,270
4,412
4,016
674
3,342
14,813
6,322
4,435
4,057
681
3,376
2,789
1,193
772
824
115
709
2,781
1,178
819
784
105
679
2,607
1,295
548
764
157
607
2,839
1,426
592
821
166
655
3,566
3,503
3,350
3,254
139
156
685
721
1,869
1,518
56
1,890
1,457
51
1,752
1,471
53
1,761
1,397
50
73
25
81
36
523
83
2
583
76
1
114,171
18,217
95,954
928
95,025
8,971
122
116,983
18,131
98,852
915
97,937
9,056
120
96,324
14,636
81,688
728
80,960
8,106
102
98,395
14,514
83,880
724
83,156
8,153
101
12,961
2,869
10,092
165
9,927
481
1
13,380
2,860
10,520
161
10,359
471
1
10,458
1,322
9,137
235
8,901
561
13
11,458
1,331
10,127
234
9,893
598
11
103,537
23,170
106,334
23,224
87,584
20,224
89,605
20,252
11,499
2,043
11,920
2,049
9,807
1,835
10,741
1,985
1996
1997
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
180
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
204,098
15,459
7,895
7,564
17,535
117,181
39,147
18,812
20,335
44,134
22,583
21,551
33,900
18,580
15,320
21,851
11,890
9,961
32,071
9,428
8,531
14,113
136,742
7,558
3,057
4,501
13,505
98,664
33,113
15,911
17,202
37,508
19,101
18,407
28,043
15,632
12,411
12,978
8,186
4,792
4,037
2,160
1,132
745
67.0
48.9
38.7
59.5
77.0
84.2
84.6
84.6
84.6
85.0
84.6
85.4
82.7
84.1
81.0
59.4
68.8
48.1
12.6
22.9
13.3
5.3
130,785
6,614
2,591
4,022
12,461
95,122
31,775
15,210
16,565
36,105
18,324
17,780
27,243
15,201
12,042
12,655
7,978
4,677
3,933
2,101
1,103
729
64.1
42.8
32.8
53.2
71.1
81.2
81.2
80.9
81.5
81.8
81.1
82.5
80.4
81.8
78.6
57.9
67.1
47.0
12.3
22.3
12.9
5.2
3,103
164
85
79
256
1,988
695
300
395
760
411
349
533
264
269
365
210
154
330
150
95
86
98,225
7,886
4,069
3,817
8,770
57,589
19,278
9,271
10,007
21,785
11,145
10,640
16,526
9,108
7,418
10,441
5,724
4,717
13,539
4,312
3,734
5,494
73,153
3,803
1,535
2,268
7,103
52,805
17,933
8,538
9,395
20,093
10,333
9,761
14,778
8,269
6,509
7,059
4,467
2,592
2,383
1,253
646
483
74.5
48.2
37.7
59.4
81.0
91.7
93.0
92.1
93.9
92.2
92.7
91.7
89.4
90.8
87.7
67.6
78.0
55.0
17.6
29.1
17.3
8.8
69,849
3,325
1,291
2,033
6,464
50,913
17,191
8,139
9,052
19,386
9,931
9,455
14,336
8,033
6,303
6,841
4,326
2,514
2,306
1,216
618
471
71.1
42.2
31.7
53.3
73.7
88.4
89.2
87.8
90.5
89.0
89.1
88.9
86.7
88.2
85.0
65.5
75.6
53.3
17.0
28.2
16.6
8.6
105,873
7,573
3,826
3,748
8,765
59,593
19,869
9,541
10,328
22,349
11,438
10,911
17,374
9,472
7,902
11,410
6,166
5,244
18,532
5,116
4,797
8,619
63,589
3,755
1,522
2,233
6,402
45,859
15,179
7,373
7,806
17,415
8,768
8,646
13,265
7,363
5,903
5,918
3,718
2,200
1,655
907
486
261
60.1
49.6
39.8
59.6
73.0
77.0
76.4
77.3
75.6
77.9
76.7
79.2
76.4
77.7
74.7
51.9
60.3
42.0
8.9
17.7
10.1
3.0
60,936
3,289
1,300
1,989
5,997
44,209
14,584
7,071
7,513
16,719
8,394
8,325
12,907
7,168
5,739
5,814
3,651
2,163
1,627
885
485
257
57.6
43.4
34.0
53.1
68.4
74.2
73.4
74.1
72.7
74.8
73.4
76.3
74.3
75.7
72.6
51.0
59.2
41.2
8.8
17.3
10.1
3.0
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Not
in
labor
force
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
127,682
6,450
2,506
3,943
12,205
93,135
31,080
14,910
16,170
35,345
17,913
17,432
26,710
14,937
11,773
12,290
7,767
4,523
3,603
1,951
1,008
643
5,957
944
465
479
1,044
3,542
1,338
701
637
1,403
111
627
801
431
369
323
208
115
104
59
29
16
4.4
12.5
15.2
10.6
7.7
3.6
4.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.4
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.1
67,356
7,901
4,838
3,063
4,030
18,517
6,034
2,901
3,133
6,626
3,482
3,144
5,856
2,948
2,909
8,874
3,705
5,169
28,034
7,268
7,399
13,368
2,285
134
63
71
195
1,449
521
225
296
562
303
259
367
193
174
239
139
100
268
117
71
80
67,564
3,190
1,228
1,963
6,269
49,464
16,671
7,914
8,757
18,824
9,628
9,196
13,969
7,840
6,129
6,601
4,187
2,414
2,039
1,100
547
392
3,304
478
244
234
639
1,892
742
399
343
707
402
305
442
236
206
219
141
78
76
37
28
12
4.5
12.6
15.9
10.3
9.0
3.6
4.1
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
4.3
2.5
25,072
4,083
2,534
1,549
1,667
4,784
1,345
733
612
1,691
812
879
1,747
839
909
3,382
1,257
2,125
11,157
3,059
3,088
5,010
818
30
21
8
62
538
174
75
100
198
108
90
166
71
95
126
71
54
63
33
24
60,118
3,259
1,279
1,981
5,935
43,671
14,409
6,996
7,413
16,521
8,285
8,235
12,741
7,097
5,644
5,688
3,580
2,108
1,564
852
461
252
2,653
466
222
244
405
1,650
596
302
294
696
375
321
358
195
163
104
67
38
28
22
1
4
4.2
12.4
14.6
10.9
6.3
3.6
3.9
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.4
.3
1.5
42,284
3,818
2,304
1,515
2,363
13,733
4,690
2,168
2,522
4,935
2,670
2,265
4,109
2,109
2,000
5,492
2,448
3,044
16,878
4,209
4,311
8,358
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
181
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
14. Employed persons in nonagriculturai industries by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
1997
Manufacturing
Age, sex, and race
Mining
Construction
Durable
goods
Total
Nondurable
goods
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
and
retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
Services1
and real
estate
Public
administration
TOTAL
634
15
620
42
578
520
58
8,302
258
8,044
783
7,261
6,408
853
20,835
412
20,424
1,663
18,761
16,320
2,441
12,437
235
12,202
966
11,236
9,799
1,436
8,399
177
8,222
697
7,525
6,520
1,005
9,182
124
9,059
611
8,447
7,442
1,006
26,777
3,585
23,191
3,930
19,261
16,325
2,935
8,297
150
8,147
684
7,464
6,303
1,161
46,393
1,826
44,567
4,116
40,451
34,294
6,157
543
14
529
36
494
447
47
7,518
240
7,278
729
6,549
5,799
750
14,152
296
13,856
1,143
12,714
11,019
1,695
9,086
180
8,906
739
8,167
7,090
1,077
5,067
116
4,950
404
4,546
3,929
617
6,539
83
6,456
410
6,046
5,276
770
14,118
1,739
12,379
2,003
10,375
8,820
1,555
3,449
43
3,406
17,627
92
1
91
6
84
74
11
784
18
766
54
712
609
104
6,683
116
6,567
520
6,047
5,300
747
3,351
55
3,296
228
3,068
2,709
359
3,332
60
3,272
293
2,979
2,591
388
2,643
40
2,603
201
2,401
2,165
236
12,659
1,846
10,813
1,927
8,885
7,505
1,380
513
13
500
34
465
420
45
6,804
229
6,575
669
5,906
5,228
678
12,205
267
11,937
969
10,969
9,474
1,495
7,929
166
7,763
640
7,123
6,157
966
4,275
101
4,174
329
3,846
3,317
529
5,377
70
5,308
331
4,977
4,310
666.
12,206
1,529
87
1
86
6
79
69
11
734
17
717
45
672
572
100
5,396
104
5,292
412
4,880
4,242
638
2,764
51
2,713
191
2,521
2,209
312
2,632
52
2,579
221
2,359
2,033
326
2,085
33
2,052
152
1,900
1,690
210
10,841
1,586
9,255
1,591
7,664
6,402
1,262
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
23
1,321
22
1,300
116
1,184
1,054
130
736
11
725
58
667
591
76
586
11
575
58
517
462
54
918
10
908
64
844
762
82
266
6
23
1
22
20
535
6
529
44
485
433
52
1,158
155
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
1,003
259
188
816
741
75
23
236
211
25
207
1,586
1,391
195
414
5
409
18
391
352
40
28
841
7
834
79
755
680
75
360
2
358
25
333
299
34
480
5
476
54
422
382
40
450
6
444
41
404
381
22
1,214
204
536
12
525
64
3,741
111
3,630
327
3,303
2,844
459
534
8
526
21
505
467
39
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,738
48
5,690
225
5,465
4,757
708
3,186
23
629
768
16,860
1,630
15,230
12,657
2,573
3,163
117
3,046
2,647
399
4,848
107
4,741
462
4,279
3,748
532
28,766
1,058
27,707
2,486
25,222
21,637
3,585
2,552
25
2,527
108
2,419
2,109
310
3,030
35
2,994
14,828
2,646
17
2,628
97
222
3,184
2,555
White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
10,677
1,721
8,956
7,557
1,398
186
2,809
2,225
584
662
14,166
1,341
12,825
10,549
2,276
4,134
23,864
90
4,044
379
3,665
3,170
495
905
22,958
2,044
20,914
17,885
3,029
2,531
2,188
343
1,901
14
1,888
79
1,808
1,550
259
Black
55 years and over
1,870
77
1,793
2
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3
3
3
3
28
6
22
19
2
1
Includes private housholds.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
182
1,010
249
761
698
63
461
439
22
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
15. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
1997
Nonagricultural industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Private
household
workers
Other
private
industries
Selfemployed
Government workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,890
201
90
111
290
496
453
265
128
57
1,457
27
15
12
29
212
346
300
282
260
51
16
11
5
6
12
7
2
5
4
116,983
6,329
2,495
3,834
11,797
29,488
32,364
23,779
10,475
2,752
98,852
6,020
2,385
3,636
10,836
25,759
26,960
18,484
8,429
2,364
915
104
51
53
111
148
200
162
121
68
97,937
5,916
2,333
3,583
10,726
25,611
26,760
18,322
8,307
2,296
18,131
308
110
198
961
3,729
5,404
5,295
2,046
388
9,056
76
31
44
250
1,581
2,710
2,367
1,391
681
120
12
7
6
7
21
28
30
15
6
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,439
159
70
89
228
386
324
204
91
46
1,084
25
14
11
26
157
265
204
197
210
29
11
7
5
4
7
2
61,595
3,164
1,249
1,915
6,146
15,867
17,111
12,243
5,554
1,511
53,580
3,036
1,201
1,835
5,720
14,182
14,797
9,904
4,618
1,323
81
14
7
6
12
16
17
9
5
8
53,500
3,022
1,194
1,828
5,708
14,166
14,780
9,895
4,614
1,315
8,015
128
48
80
426
1,685
2,314
2,339
935
187
5,506
33
12
22
141
917
1,622
1,449
887
457
31
8
4
4
3
4
4
5
5
3
451
42
20
22
62
109
129
61
37
11
373
2
1
1
4
55
81
96
85
50
23
5
4
55,388
3,165
1,246
1,920
5,651
13,621
15,253
11,536
4,921
1,242
45,272
2,985
1,183
1,801
5,116
11,577
12,162
8,580
3,810
1,041
834
91
44
47
99
132
183
153
117
60
44,437
2,894
1,140
1,754
5,018
11,445
11,979
8,427
3,693
981
10,116
180
62
118
535
2,044
3,091
2,956
1,111
201
3,550
42
19
23
109
664
1,089
918
504
224
89
4
3
1
4
17
24
25
10
4
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1
3
2
5
5
1
4
2
N O T E : Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
183
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
16. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
(In thousands)
1997
Industry and sex
Wage and salary workers
Total
employed
Total
Private
industries
Government
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
14
1,492
422
252
170
438
1,761
274
1,487
629
4,300
6
4,294
1,279
679
286
2,012
9
402
105
574
922
39
0
19
9
7
2
8
36
5
32
9
39
TOTAL
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
634
8,302
20,835
12,437
8,399
9,182
26,777
4,907
21,869
8,297
46,393
921
45,472
8,450
3,483
2,465
30,935
5,130
6,395
10,133
3,182
6,095
139
5,738
620
6,791
20,405
12,177
8,227
8,737
24,979
4,629
20,351
7,659
42,054
915
41,139
7,155
2,795
2,177
28,912
5,122
5,988
10,028
2,606
5,169
100
5,738
618
6,333
20,334
12,125
8,209
7,148
24,880
4,617
20,263
7,442
32,097
915
31,182
7,083
2,785
1,868
19,396
4,317
5,537
2,471
2,050
5,021
51
2
458
71
53
18
1,588
100
12
88
218
9,957
528
5,711
13,826
8,850
4,977
5,070
13,105
3,239
9,866
2,943
12,397
81
12,316
4,408
1,066
1,016
5,782
930
1,015
920
417
2,501
43
2
411
52
40
12
1,121
45
9
37
102
3,096
9,957
72
10
309
9,516
805
451
7,557
556
148
49
5,738
39
17
8
2
11
Men
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
543
7,518
14,152
9,086
5,067
6,539
14,118
3,453
10,665
3,449
17,627
84
17,543
5,305
1,283
1,368
9,477
1,214
1,340
3,170
586
3,167
110
3,186
530
6,122
13,878
8,890
4,988
6,190
13,151
3,248
9,903
3,045
15,494
81
92
784
6,683
3,351
3,332
2,643
12,659
1,454
90
669
6,526
3,287
3,239
2,546
11,829
1,381
10,448
4,614
26,561
834
25,726
2,702
1,725
976
20,299
3,912
4,879
6,880
2,044
2,584
24
2,552
15,413
4,453
1,070
1,202
8,613
1,210
1,108
3,148
562
2,585
76
3,186
3,096
44
3
185
2,831
280
94
2,228
144
84
33
3,186
13
1,393
270
192
78
348
955
205
750
403
2,125
3
2,121
848
212
166
860
3
231
22
23
581
35
3
4
4
1
1
13
1
12
1
9
9
4
2
Women
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
11,205
4,848
28,766
837
27,928
3,145
2,199
1,098
21,458
3,917
5,055
6,962
2,596
2,928
28
2,552
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
184
90
622
6,508
3,275
3,233
2,079
11,774
1,378
10,396
4,499
19,700
834
18,866
2,674
1,718
852
13,613
3,387
4,522
1,551
1,633
2,520
47
19
12
6
468
54
3
51
116
6,860
6,860
28
7
124
6,686
525
357
5,329
411
64
16
2,552
1
98
152
60
92
90
806
69
737
226
2,176
3
2,173
430
467
120
1,152
5
171
83
551
341
4
17
4
3
1
7
23
4
20
8
30
30
13
7
2
8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation
(In thousands)
1997
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex
TOTAL
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Total
employed
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Private
Other
houseservice1
hold
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
19
10
72
785
316
469
160
66
425
2,029
1,133
896
24
4
35
268
145
123
34
236
4,731
3,887
2,753
1,134
10
24
97
6,471
3,685
2,786
51
101
558
762
406
356
26
24
884
1,027
512
515
2,821
1
22
96
87
9
342
283
202 11231
47 1,928
155 9,303
2,297
2,220
740
1,480
301
5,104
56
5,048
1,257
1,499
326
1,173
133
334
133
202
2,230
1,092
520
572
531
1,973
393
1,580
16
101
66
36
307
9,055
67
8,988
5,432
1,644
175
2,115
6
2,109
420
191
12
854
11
537
853
207
27
537
279
46
28
521
8
514
89
33
38
384
25
359
93
23
9
24
88
21
23
846
734
388
345
2,252
1
21
92
84
7
Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
3,399
634
8,302
20,835
12,437
8,399
1,274
2,882
1,699
1,183
9,182
26,777
1,230
2,482
4,907
21,869
589
1,893
562
537
110
427
8,297
46,393
921
45,472
30,935
5,738
2,428
6,642
4
6,638
4,057
1,287
308
14,677
5
14,671
12,846
932
151
2,490
5
2,485
2,110
221
2,092
1,210
1,210
225
32
2,749
7,113
6
7,107
5,177
1,303
2,552
543
7,518
14,152
83
72
1,072
1,921
9,086
5,067
1,179
743
56
44
139
1,476
1,047
428
11
17
39
529
354
174
15
8
55
504
228
276
11
18
51
686
408
278
13
2
25
197
113
84
33
233
4,634
3,244
2,298
947
4,056
2,599
1,457
48
101
547
715
388
327
6,539
14,118
771
1,429
3,453
10,665
395
1,034
419
255
71
184
285
88
29
59
156
5,438
1,485
3,953
951
502
196
306
158
2,406
38
2,367
1,183
1,286
305
981
108
179
92
87
2,026
1,011
502
508
469
1,469
308
1,161
15
55
31
24
3,449
17,627
84
1,149
3,133
1
71
842
1,154
497
841
569
146
497
65
13
216
2,734
9
2,725
1,157
1,334
165
1,909
5
1,904
352
181
9
374
3,132
1,642
641
454
961
1
960
532
258
6
470
17,543
9,477
3,186
168
5,919
1
5,918
4,802
504
469
92
22
374
131
40
22
415
7
408
58
26
35
337
23
314
78
20
847
92
784
6,683
3,351
3,332
41
20
202
961
521
441
27
7
19
463
214
249
37
8
5
161
86
74
4
2
16
281
88
193
149
48
374
1,344
726
618
10
2
10
71
32
40
1
3
97
643
455
188
1
569
9
2,414
1,086
1,329
11
47
18
29
5
1
38
294
124
170
2,643
12,659
1,454
11,205
460
1,053
194
859
143
282
39
243
57
114
18
96
127
5,793
443
5,350
1,346
1,717
544
1,173
143
2,698
17
2,681
74
213
21
193
25
156
41
115
204
82
18
64
63
504
85
419
1
46
34
12
4,848
28,766
837
27,928
21,458
1,279
3,508
3
3,506
2,415
645
140
8,758
4
8,754
8,044
428
80
1,648
5
1,644
1,541
75
939
713
2,295
6,152
5
6,147
4,645
1,045
90
6,321
58
6,263
4,275
311
9
206
1
205
68
10
6
384
2
163
384
115
5
163
149
6
5
107
1
106
31
6
3
47
3
45
15
3
2,552
124
92
83
51
158
1,938
1,261
677
48
25
45
689
441
249
713
160
18
See footnotes at end of table.
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
185
795
795
37
37
758
758
2
4
2
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Employed persons by industry, sex, race, and occupation — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex
White
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Total
employed
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
Private
Other
houseservice1
hold
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
3,208
599
7,538
17,601
10,694
6,907
120
89
1,210
2,643
1,573
1,070
78
48
142
1,704
1,085
619
45
23
39
582
373
209
18
10
67
726
302
425
155
64
398
1,764
1,013
751
21
4
29
213
122
91
33
221
4,302
3,353
2,402
951
9
23
83
5,115
3,004
2,111
46
94
501
614
327
287
25
23
749
799
415
385
2,658
1
19
87
78
9
7,462
23,047
4,407
18,639
1,085
2,169
537
1,632
475
482
97
385
304
179
42
137
246
9,727
1,803
7,925
1,768
1,958
664
1,293
221
4,249
47
4,202
1,086
1,340
292
1,048
106
278
103
1,787
930
448
369
1,645
320
1,326
15
88
54
34
7,163
38,692
728
37,963
25,831
4,547
2,159
5,894
3
5,891
3,594
1,051
249
12,733
3
12,730
11,136
757
126
2,082
4
2,078
1,756
190
1,903
1,011
236
6,688
39
6,649
147
1,830
4
8
677
8
422
20
402
7
1,011
192
22
2,274
5,976
5
5,971
4,338
967
1,300
350
161
676
163
24
422
219
34
34
337
20
316
70
24
117
26
563
2,162
1,096
1,066
3
2
38
121
56
66
2
1
5
69
47
22
1
2
5
55
28
27
3
38
8
30
4
1
15
200
87
113
5
44
18
26
13
315
353
213
140
1
1
12
968
484
484
4
5
52
131
73
59
1
109
175
74
101
1,368
2,372
307
2,065
96
162
19
52
22
4
19
27
12
1
11
29
928
50
413
190
54
63
544
7
536
137
93
24
22
38
20
386
132
63
142
245
59
186
802
5,611
163
5,449
3,813
948
173
499
35
1,183
2
1,182
1,069
129
13
272
1
272
248
23
128
139
360
895
24
187
3
130
2
95
139
24
5
894
668
272
58
1,951
25
1,926
1,314
296
186
51
22
130
38
3
95
54
12
5
102
1
101
15
6
642
642
16
Black
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
1
499
320
174
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
129
129
used in the household survey.
186
100
2
30
5
25
12
6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over
Agriculture
Agricultural production, crops
Agricultural production, livestock
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Logging
Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Structural clay, pottery, and related products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Metal industries
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling, and finishing mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal industries
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal forging and stampings
Machinery and computing equipment
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metal working machinery
Computers and related equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment ...
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scient:ic and controlling instruments
Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies .
Photographic equipment and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.
187
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
129,558
46.2
10.8
9.8
3,399
987
1,206
199
813
24.9
23.6
24.1
73.7
10.1
3.4
3.7
1.2
3.1
6.5
19.4
27.4
8.8
3.0
27.8
634
64
84
369
118
14.4
14.0
7.7
17.2
10.8
4.2
3.6
4.5
5.6
9.4
11.3
.6
11.7
7.8
8,302
9.4
6.8
11.8
20,835
12,437
820
154
413
82
170
661
615
196
207
95
118
2,066
735
324
92
152
168
1,331
150
517
78
133
2,551
64
105
251
349
556
1,930
95
466
2,329
1,295
444
297
75
744
219
392
125
32.1
26.9
16.5
10.3
16.9
9.7
24.6
26.9
23.9
28.6
13.8
33.8
25.7
20.8
15.9
11.7
14.9
14.7
25.7
23.5
36.1
16.9
26.6
30.0
23.1
14.6
15.2
16.9
17.3
33.8
38.6
30.8
36.9
23.2
24.7
21.8
23.0
29.2
40.5
37.3
45.2
29.8
10.4
8.8
11.8
15.7
12.1
6.1
10.4
7.1
8.9
9.3
9.4
12.5
4.3
9.1
9.8
10.5
13.7
10.4
6.1
8.7
7.9
9.1
4.8
7.8
6.1
9.5
6.4
4.3
3.7
7.7
9.2
14.1
10.6
11.6
15.2
6.7
3.6
.9
6.3
2.8
6.0
12.6
11.2
9.9
8.4
.6
7.9
15.8
12.8
14.0
10.0
6.3
11.3
16.2
8.6
11.4
9.6
9.2
13.4
6.7
11.0
12.3
13.0
11.8
19.1
5.0
7.6
3.7
9.0
4.5
6.2
7.2
10.5
10.0
7.7
7.6
5.1
11.4
8.9
13.0
8.6
8.7
9.8
5.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Toys, amusements, and sporting goods
Miscellaneous and not specified manufacturing industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Dairy products
Canned, frozen, and preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Sugar and confectionary products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous and not spec:ied food and kindred products ....
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Carpets and rugs
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Apparel and other finished textile products
Apparel and accessories, except knit
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied products
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers
Chemicals and allied products
Plastics, synthetics, and resins
Drugs
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Footwear, except rubber and plastic
Transportation, communications, and other public utilities
Transportation
Railroads
Bus service and urban transit
Taxicab service
Trucking service
Warehousing and storage
U.S. Postal Service
Water transportation
Air transportation
Services incidental to transportation
Communications
Radio and television broadcasting and cable
Telephone communications
Utilities and sanitary services
Electric light and power
See footnotes at end of table.
188
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
182
540
45.9
37.8
5.1
9.2
20.3
17.6
8,399
1,698
470
122
227
154
224
102
208
191
59
634
101
81
365
945
789
156
683
265
206
212
1,834
508
1,326
1,353
151
404
167
66
528
180
150
885
96
160
629
127
70
39.7
33.2
34.2
24.3
38.5
27.9
33.5
40.6
22.9
41.5
38.2
42.6
54.8
34.4
40.5
70.6
71.5
66.4
24.5
19.2
33.4
22.4
42.0
44.4
41.0
35.9
31.0
48.9
46.0
30.7
26.1
16.8
16.6
32.2
13.9
28.8
35.9
54.6
57.9
12.7
15.2
24.5
7.7
9.4
6.7
16.3
15.8
12.3
12.5
25.6
20.2
16.0
15.2
21.8
16.2
16.1
17.2
11.5
12.1
8.6
13.7
7.5
8.0
7.3
12.5
10.9
15.0
12.1
9.9
12.3
12.5
12.5
10.2
18.7
9.8
9.1
9.1
6.1
13.2
18.0
26.8
10.7
22.8
7.0
14.7
15.1
13.5
14.5
5.9
10.9
24.4
8.1
9.1
26.3
27.2
21.9
8.7
4.1
10.9
12.2
8.3
8.0
8.4
9.5
19.0
8.6
14.6
8.8
5.5
5.9
4.9
12.9
2.9
14.7
13.9
14.8
11.5
9,182
5,933
300
556
134
2,414
156
893
185
860
422
1,756
476
1,262
1,493
602
28.8
26.6
8.5
32.7
12.5
15.7
28.9
37.7
18.3
35.5
59.5
43.4
37.9
45.5
20.4
20.1
14.9
15.8
14.5
25.2
33.9
13.8
16.0
22.9
10.6
12.7
3.5
15.2
16.2
15.0
11.0
9.0
8.6
9.3
5.7
8.6
15.7
9.1
15.5
7.3
10.7
9.3
13.4
7.0
8.2
6.4
7.4
4.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Gas and steam supply systems
Electric and gas, and other combinations
Water supply and irrigation
Sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Scrap and waste materials
Miscellaneous wholesale trade, durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Apparel, fabrics, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm products-raw materials
Petroleum products
Alcoholic beverages
Farm supplies
Miscellaneous nondurable goods and not specified wholesale trade
Retail trade
Lumber and building material retailing
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
Motor vehicle dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, TV, and computer stores
Music stores
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores
Book and stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
Catalog and mail order houses
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
,
See footnotes at end of table.
189
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
177
144
246
314
25.5
23.8
21.8
14.8
12.5
8.8
9.4
16.5
7.1
6.8
15.0
7.2
26,777
4,907
2,644
211
89
186
402
80
321
298
675
242
140
2,263
123
213
135
937
83
121
117
142
392
47.3
29.6
27.7
23.7
35.3
21.5
34.1
22.5
33.0
24.7
25.8
19.6
39.2
31.9
42.2
44.5
53.6
24.7
27.9
26.4
12.0
25.6
42.3
8.9
6.3
5.3
4.4
8.0
4.1
5.7
9.0
5.2
4.4
4.1
8.9
5.5
7.3
7.2
5.5
9.7
9.8
4.5
4.0
7.3
2.7
5.0
11.1
10.7
8.2
6.9
9.7
11.0
6.1
6.0
8.2
7.6
5.0
19.3
9.9
13.5
7.5
11.5
22.0
17.3
1.2
6.4
10.5
8.2
12.3
21,869
599
226
134
2,143
133
173
3,153
235
1,236
448
425
109
757
153
613
90
470
149
6,595
538
141
406
272
164
210
60
155
77
398
51.2
27.4
41.4
32.7
68.0
70.1
56.8
52.0
58.9
19.3
18.5
37.4
26.3
75.6
56.9
39.3
27.2
30.6
38.9
52.8
63.6
39.0
45.3
55.7
61.7
80.0
75.2
64.6
33.5
73.4
9.4
8.0
2.5
2.5
12.7
14.1
10.2
8.4
8.0
6.5
5.5
8.2
.7
12.4
16.7
8.4
9.2
8.0
7.5
11.6
8.3
7.5
6.7
7.0
3.5
3.5
7.4
9.7
10.3
5.9
11.2
6.5
5.6
6.3
10.1
7.5
7.8
10.8
12.9
8.3
12.5
7.4
4.1
10.1
16.5
9.6
8.3
9.1
7.8
15.6
6.6
6.6
6.8
7.2
8.5
4.0
15.9
7.6
4.1
9.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Fuel dealers
Retail florists
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
125
184
24.2
76.8
4.1
5.4
4.4
10.2
8,297
1,840
281
886
2,387
2,288
58.4
71.0
81.1
39.4
62.2
48.5
9.7
11.2
7.3
6.9
9.2
9.5
7.2
7.6
7.0
3.6
5.6
10.4
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business, automobile, and repair services
Advertising
Services to dwellings and other buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services
Detective and protective services
Business services, n.e.c
Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers
Automotive repair and related services
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
46,393
921
45,472
8,450
298
829
1,018
1,535
555
1,850
175
1,249
131
599
62.0
90.9
61.4
37.2
53.5
48.5
62.6
31.0
20.3
55.0
33.7
10.9
14.3
14.1
12.1
17.6
12.0
11.6
5.8
15.3
21.1
6.5
23.6
9.9
13.7
6.9
11.1
5.3
8.5
25.6
8.2
11.0
5.4
23.4
10.5
4.4
11.8
8.2
10.9
14.9
12.9
10.0
Personal services, except private household
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Barbershops
Funeral service and crematories
3,483
1,409
140
476
892
77
86
63.1
54.0
47.1
57.6
89.2
19.7
31.3
12.5
15.5
4.4
13.1
9.6
38.9
16.0
14.5
20.4
4.8
21.5
8.1
8.6
10.6
Entertainment and recreation services
Theaters and motion pictures
Video tape rental
Bowling centers
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
2,465
666
133
53
1,613
44.5
42.2
53.1
39.4
44.9
9.0
9.3
9.4
3.0
9.0
9.1
8.5
8.1
2.4
9.7
30,935
5,130
6,395
1,559
662
118
75
1,755
10,133
6,866
2,759
87
184
3,182
207
868
524
498
6,095
1,398
69.4
76.3
79.1
73.9
81.0
61.2
58.9
85.6
68.7
75.4
52.0
52.3
75.2
81.6
56.9
95.1
98.0
68.1
48.0
56.1
12.3
16.2
14.4
6.0
3.3
.5
2.9
25.0
11.5
12.2
10.0
10.1
14.1
17.1
17.6
17.1
11.0
18.1
5.8
5.6
6.6
6.3
7.3
6.7
5.7
5.5
5.4
7.0
6.7
7.2
5.7
9.9
4.3
9.0
5.9
9.3
10.9
7.8
4.8
5.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Savings institutions, including credit unions
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices
Professional and related services
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Offices and clinics of physicians
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of chiropractors
Offices and clinics of optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
Libraries
Social services
Job training and vocational rehabilitation services
Child day care services
Family child care homes
Residential care facilities, without nursing
Other professional services
Legal services
See footnotes at end of table.
190
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Percent of total:
Industry
Total
employed
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Labor unions
Religious organizations
Engineering, architectural, and surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services
Research, development, and testing services
Management and public relations services
Miscellaneous professional and related services
Forestry and fisheries
Forestry
Fishing, hunting, and trapping
Public administration
Executive and legislative offices
Justice, public order, and safety
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy
Administration of human resources programs
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
Administration of economic programs
National security and international affairs
NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for ""not elsewhere classified"" and
designates broad categories of industries which cannot be more specificaly
identified. Generally, data for industries with fewer than 50,000 employed are
Women
Black
Hispanic
origin
100
56
843
867
720
605
851
293
60.4
51.3
48.5
22.1
56.4
44.0
45.5
53.7
11.1
10.7
8.7
3.4
4.2
6.2
4.6
2.8
6.5
8.2
5.7
4.6
4.0
5.4
2.9
3.8
139
71
68
20.3
26.1
14.1
.9
1.7
8.8
13.9
3.4
5,738
156
2,323
351
823
250
537
640
44.5
57.7
31.5
61.7
68.7
43.2
44.5
37.9
16.5
7.4
16.6
19.7
20.2
9.4
13.1
14.8
6.5
5.1
6.9
5.8
6.2
4.0
5.6
7.3
not published separately but are included in the totals for the appropriate
categories shown. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey
191
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
1997
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
,
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
124,003
3,233
120,770
100.0
100.0
100.0
30,733
1,297
4,811
15,290
9,335
984
81
225
462
216
29,749
1,216
4,586
14,828
9,120
24.8
1.0
3.9
12.3
7.5
30.4
2.5
7.0
14.3
6.7
24.6
1.0
3.8
12.3
7.6
93,270
8,635
45,121
39,515
14,428
14,530
10,556
2,248
164
725
1,359
246
400
713
91,021
8,470
44,396
38,155
14,182
14,130
9,844
75.2
7.0
36.4
31.9
11.6
11.7
8.5
69.6
5.1
22.4
42.0
7.6
12.4
22.1
75.4
7.0
36.8
31.6
11.7
11.7
8.2
39.5
43.4
42.1
48.8
39.4
43.3
NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables 19-23 may not sum to the totals
shown because of minor editing problems associated with the redesigned
survey. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
20. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual full- or
part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
30,733
9,922
20,811
29,749
9,618
20,131
4,068
2,286
1,468
129
186
1,407
1,141
2,662
1,144
1,468
50
3,879
2,167
1,433
99
180
1,313
1,074
2,567
1,093
1,433
41
26,665
823
5,496
705
6,160
1,861
3,303
876
635
6,804
8,516
82
683
18,149
742
4,813
705
6,072
1,861
8,306
81
668
3,303
876
635
2,849
3,955
25,870
812
5,327
673
6,028
1,732
3,248
867
570
6,613
3,248
867
570
2,785
3,827
23.0
21.4
24.0
25.6
22.4
19.5
23.1
21.5
24.1
25.7
22.5
19.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
79
186
88
used in the household survey.
192
58
180
87
17,564
731
4,658
673
5,942
1,732
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2 1 . Persons at work in nonagricuttural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Industry and class of worker
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total 16 years and over
120,770
29,749
Wage and salary workers
112,207
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,879
8,306
17,564
91,021
39.4
43.3
26,914
3,464
7,709
15,741
85,293
39.4
43.1
591
54
8
32
14
537
48.3
49.0
6,553
1,226
315
571
340
5,327
40.7
42.2
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,737
11,784
7,953
2,321
1,225
1,097
333
140
194
1,253
746
506
735
338
397
17,416
10,559
6,857
42.6
43.1
41.8
43.6
43.8
43.2
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,348
24,122
7,405
1,311
8,016
1,397
184
1,164
109
597
1,111
563
531
5,741
726
7,037
16,106
6,008
42.5
37.1
40.3
44.3
43.5
42.6
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
39,935
881
39,055
5,516
11,590
522
11,068
999
1,308
98
1,210
44
2,897
47
2,849
686
7,385
376
7,009
269
28,345
359
27,987
4,517
37.9
28.6
38.1
40.7
42.6
41.8
42.6
41.9
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,443
120
2,766
69
410
6
588
8
1,768
55
5,677
51
39.7
32.6
46.5
44.0
Mining
Construction
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
193
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race, and marital status
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
120,770
6,183
2,434
3,749
114,587
11,681
102,906
88,533
14,373
29,749
4,393
2,186
2,207
25,356
3,826
21,530
16,878
4,651
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
64,821
3,106
1,219
1,887
61,715
6,135
55,580
47,632
7,949
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,879
386
95
291
3,493
653
2,840
2,480
360
8,306
220
43
177
8,086
643
7,442
6,420
1,023
17,564
3,787
2,048
1,739
13,777
2,530
11,247
7,978
3,269
91,021
1,790
248
1,542
89,231
7,855
81,376
71,654
9,722
39.4
25.0
18.9
29.0
40.2
36.3
40.6
41.2
37.0
43.3
39.3
37.2
39.6
43.4
41.8
43.5
43.6
42.9
11,138
2,063
1,066
997
9,075
1,635
7,440
5,447
1,993
1,838
197
52
146
1,640
322
1,319
1,139
180
4,010
118
25
93
3,892
321
3,572
3,051
521
5,289
1,747
989
758
3,542
993
2,549
1,257
1,292
53,683
1,043
153
890
52,640
4,500
48,141
42,185
5,956
42.3
26.3
19.8
30.5
43.1
38.4
43.7
44.3
39.6
44.8
39.8
37.5
40.1
44.9
42.7
45.1
45.2
44.1
55,949
3,077
1,215
1,862
52,872
5,546
47,326
40,901
6,425
18,611
2,330
1,120
1,210
16,281
2,191
14,090
11,432
2,659
2,041
189
44
145
1,853
331
1,521
1,341
180
4,295
102
18
84
4,193
322
3,871
3,369
502
12,274
2,039
1,059
981
10,235
1,537
8,698
6,721
1,977
37,338
747
95
652
36,591
3,355
33,236
29,470
3,766
36.0
23.7
18.0
27.3
36.7
34.0
37.0
37.6
33.7
41.2
38.6
36.6
38.9
41.3
40.5
41.4
41.4
40.9
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
102,063
55,620
46,443
25,585
9,535
16,050
3,058
1,472
1,586
7,007
3,457
3,550
15,520
4,605
10,915
76,478
46,085
30,393
39.5
42.5
35.8
43.5
45.0
41.3
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
13,247
6,267
6,980
2,960
1,102
1,858
632
266
366
970
396
574
1,359
440
919
10,287
5,165
5,122
38.7
40.6
37.0
41.5
42.8
40.3
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
39,637
7,645
17,540
4,931
1,197
5,009
752
257
829
2,542
511
957
1,638
429
3,222
34,705
6,447
12,531
44.2
42.7
37.9
45.5
44.5
43.0
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
30,211
11,425
14,313
10,020
3,021
5,570
839
479
723
2,414
974
907
6,767
1,568
3,940
20,191
8,404
8,743
36.0
38.2
34.3
41.0
41.7
41.3
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race
Marital status
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
194
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Total
120,679
29,733
35,861
17,799
18,062
6,770
2,531
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,868
8,274
17,591
90,946
39.4
43.3
5,144
4,858
10,579
875
4,566
5,138
6,813
462
381
5,970
1,994
3,576
1,133
898
1,546
534
189
346
1,027
66
561
400
1,094
86
41
967
479
733
245
167
321
2,661
1,191
1,469
2,534
328
753
1,453
946
42
140
764
1,005
1,129
495
295
339
3,575
1,151
2,424
7,018
481
3,252
3,285
4,773
334
201
4,239
510
1,714
392
436
29,091
15,268
13,823
26,214
3,188
10,569
12,458
9,959
304
1,813
7,842
11,584
14,099
6,540
4,246
3,312
42.1
44.0
40.2
37.7
39.6
38.7
36.3
34.4
28.1
42.3
33.5
42.0
40.3
40.9
43.5
36.1
44.9
45.8
43.8
42.4
42.2
44.8
40.5
41.8
41.1
45.0
41.2
43.2
43.0
42.2
46.2
40.9
64,566
11,039
1,823
3,975
5,240
53,526
42.4
44.8
18,564
9,950
8,614
13,364
1,963
7,630
3,770
6,873
36
1,804
5,033
12,392
13,373
4,809
4,673
3,892
2,354
1,013
1,341
2,437
290
1,346
801
2,055
18
269
1,769
1,742
2,451
555
709
1,186
243
106
137
270
24
151
96
361
6
29
327
440
509
113
143
253
1,167
547
621
734
150
320
264
361
2
108
251
914
800
273
261
266
945
361
584
1,433
117
875
442
1,332
10
132
1,191
388
1,142
170
305
667
16,210
8,937
7,273
10,927
1,673
6,284
2,969
4,818
19
1,535
3,264
10,649
10,922
4,254
3,963
2,706
45.2
46.5
43.6
42.1
42.0
43.5
39.4
37.6
31.1
43.4
35.5
42.3
41.3
42.1
44.3
36.5
46.8
47.7
45.7
45.2
43.6
47.0
42.5
43.1
41.6
45.6
42.0
43.3
43.8
43.1
46.4
41.1
56,113
18,694
2,044
4,299
12,351
37,420
36.0
41.2
17,297
4,416
1,517
2,898
8,142
585
3,220
4,336
4,759
444
113
4,202
252
1,125
577
188
360
292
83
209
757
42
410
304
733
81
12
641
39
224
133
23
68
1,494
645
849
1,800
179
433
1,188
585
39
32
513
91
329
222
34
73
2,630
790
1,840
5,585
364
2,377
2,844
3,441
324
69
3,048
122
572
222
131
219
12,882
6,331
6,550
15,287
1,514
4,284
9,489
5,140
285
277
4,578
934
3,176
2,286
283
606
38.8
40.8
37.1
35.1
37.2
33.8
35.5
32.2
28.0
37.0
32.3
38.9
37.4
38.7
35.5
34.6
42.5
43.3
41.9
40.4
40.8
41.7
39.9
40.7
41.1
41.8
40.6
41.3
40.6
40.5
42.6
40.0
36,793
4,063
15,135
17,595
16,772
765
2,194
13,813
13,578
17,675
7,673
7,849
9,448
23,429
2,100
7,505
13,825
9,899
729
390
8,780
1,186
4,302
2,864
471
966
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
N O T E : Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
4,239
used in the household survey.
195
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
1996
1997
3,880
1,322
5.4
3.0
6.5
10.0
1996
Unemployment
rates
1996
1997
1996
1997
4.9
2.7
5.8
9.2
3,356
1,211
706
1,439
3,162
1,047
660
1,455
5.4
3.6
5.7
9.1
5.0
3.1
5.2
8.8
1997
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,016
3,577
1,167
504
1,906
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,896
1,094
408
1,394
2,641
957
382
1,303
4.7
2.8
5.9
8.6
4.2
2.5
5.3
7.8
2,404
1,020
506
878
2,195
855
461
879
4.7
3.5
5.2
7.3
4.2
2.9
4.6
7.1
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
808
163
117
528
747
141
11.1
4.9
10.5
18.7
10.2
4.3
8.3
17.7
784
113
169
502
813
131
172
510
10.0
4.4
7.8
16.1
9.9
5.2
7.7
15.0
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,471
1,230
2,246
1,095
511
730
478
674
4.1
2.9
6.4
6.9
3.6
2.6
5.6
6.2
2,219
1,080
655
484
2,069
943
612
514
4.3
3.4
5.5
6.2
3.9
2.9
4.9
6.3
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,885
1,016
383
485
1,700
899
359
442
3.6
2.7
5.7
5.8
3.2
2.4
5.1
5.1
1,622
910
468
243
1,458
770
426
263
3.8
3.2
4.9
4.4
3.3
2.7
4.4
4.6
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
476
152
114
210
420
129
97
8.0
4.7
10.4
12.8
6.9
4.0
8.2
480
98
158
223
510
117
162
231
7.4
4.0
7.5
11.5
7.6
4.8
7.4
11.0
NOTE:
541
99
506
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
195
11.5
controls used in the household.
196
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
25. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates
1996
1997
7,236
6,739
5.4
4.9
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.0
869
431
438
761
359
403
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.1
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,766
114
843
810
1,646
104
814
728
4.5
2.8
5.2
4.2
4.1
2.4
4.9
3.8
3.8
2.7
3.7
4.6
3.6
2.2
3.6
4.2
4.8
2.9
6.7
4.1
4.4
2.6
6.2
3.7
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,334
79
84
1,170
1,255
73
89
1,093
7.2
9.0
3.7
7.6
6.7
8.4
3.7
7.0
7.3
14.1
3.4
8.5
6.5
12.6
3.4
7.6
7.2
8.7
5.2
7.1
6.8
8.2
5.2
6.7
795
174
456
165
719
167
406
145
5.5
3.7
8.2
4.0
4.8
3.5
7.0
3.4
5.5
3.7
8.2
3.6
4.8
3.4
7.0
3.0
5.3
3.1
8.5
5.3
5.1
4.5
7.2
5.0
1,570
654
292
625
158
467
1,490
551
306
633
167
467
7.9
7.7
5.2
7.5
6.5
5.2
11.2
7.1
5.1
5.3
11.1
16.3
7.5
6.5
5.4
11.1
17.1
8.8
8.6
6.0
10.5
20.8
10.0
9.9
9.9
11.3
16.9
9.9
9.3
9.5
5.7
10.6
Farming, forestry, and fishing
293
267
7.6
7.1
7.4
6.9
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
580
409
75
96
569
388
85
96
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
,
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
1996
Women
Men
Total
Total
1997
1996
16.3
1997
1996
16.1
10.4
8.5
1997
10.1
7.8
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
197
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Total
Women
Men
Total
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
7,236
6,739
5.4
4.9
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.0
5,629
5,225
5.5
5.0
5.5
4.9
5.6
5.1
30
666
24
623
5.1
10.1
3.8
9.0
5.2
10.5
3.7
9.2
4.2
6.3
4.1
6.9
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
1,013
563
50
37
26
29
73
85
78
102
56
46
26
57
450
132
34
86
20
77
42
38
21
885
445
47
31
26
29
42
77
58
77
49
28
19
38
440
133
31
92
23
69
38
40
16
4.8
4.5
6.6
5.5
4.2
3.6
5.5
3.4
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.6
3.3
8.4
5.2
7.2
5.3
8.6
2.9
4.2
3.1
4.3
5.7
4.2
3.5
5.9
4.7
4.2
3.8
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.7
2.7
2.6
5.4
5.1
7.4
4.6
9.1
3.2
3.8
2.8
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
6.7
4.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
3.1
3.4
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.2
8.0
4.1
5.5
4.8
6.8
2.5
3.8
2.5
3.5
5.3
3.5
3.3
5.7
4.5
4.4
3.6
2.9
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.6
2.5
2.4
3.6
4.0
5.5
3.0
7.0
3.3
3.9
2.6
3.6
3.2
6.2
5.4
5.9
7.1
4.0
2.8
6.8
4.6
4.8
5.3
4.3
6.7
3.5
9.4
6.9
10.6
5.8
9.3
3.9
4.8
4.5
6.0
6.5
5.5
4.2
7.0
5.1
3.4
5.1
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.5
2.8
8.0
6.7
10.9
6.8
10.0
3.2
3.7
3.1
5.9
6.1
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
291
213
78
1,679
184
1,495
201
1,751
663
1,087
260
194
66
1,645
176
1,469
229
1,559
589
970
4.1
4.9
2.9
6.4
3.8
7.0
2.7
5.4
3.4
8.2
3.5
4.2
2.3
6.2
3.7
6.8
3.0
4.6
2.9
7.1
4.1
5.0
2.3
5.7
3.2
6.5
2.9
5.6
3.3
7.5
3.4
4.2
1.9
5.6
3.2
6.3
3.0
4.8
2.7
6.6
4.2
4.4
3.9
7.1
5.1
7.4
2.6
5.2
3.5
8.9
3.8
4.3
3.1
6.9
4.8
7.2
3.0
4.5
3.1
7.6
213
813
580
190
755
569
10.2
2.7
9.1
2.6
10.2
2.8
9.1
2.7
10.3
2.7
9.1
2.4
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid famiy workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
1996
used in the household survey.
198
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Men,
20 years
and over
Total,
16 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Women,
20 years
and over
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
7,236
3,370
1,021
2,349
3,146
2,043
617
2,882
1,795
567
1,228
833
2,783
1,145
338
807
581
2,585
1,271
395
358
675
55
226
1,306
182
67
115
• 65
50
2,512
580
6,739
3,037
931
2,106
1,436
670
795
2,338
569
361
1,156
120
46.6
14.1
32.5
10.7
34.7
8.0
45.1
13.8
31.3
11.8
34.7
8.4
64.9
19.6
45.3
10.2
23.2
1.6
62.3
19.7
42.6
12.4
23.4
1.9
41.1
12.1
29.0
13.0
41.5
4.3
41.3
11.8
29.6
12.9
40.9
4.9
6.9
47.8
31.3
13.7
4.7
9.0
8.2
47.6
30.5
2.5
.6
1.9
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
3.0
.5
1.1
.1
2.6
.5
1.0
.1
2.0
.6
2.0
.2
1.8
.6
1.8
.2
2.3
1.2
8.0
5.2
2.2
1.3
7.6
4.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,660
689
774
1,426
1,013
413
322
731
51
1,069
304
764
541
224
333
1,057
126
91
625
409
174
60
114
63
51
104
606
388
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
13.9
5.1
8.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
199
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Reason for unemployment
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
7,236
3,370
1,021
2,349
1,660
689
774
2,512
580
6,739
3,037
931
2,106
1,436
670
795
2,338
569
5,300
2,580
859
1,722
1,253
469
602
1,740
378
4,836
2,284
778
1,506
1,063
443
623
1,576
354
1,592
652
125
527
341
186
137
648
155
1,560
616
121
495
298
197
138
634
172
1,132
547
166
381
254
127
91
368
127
1,069
500
158
343
207
135
96
350
122
46.6
14.1
32.5
10.7
34.7
8.0
45.1
13.8
31.3
11.8
34.7
8.4
48.7
16.2
32.5
11.4
32.8
7.1
47.2
16.1
31.1
12.9
32.6
7.3
41.0
7.8
33.1
8.6
40.7
9.7
39.5
7.8
31.7
8.8
40.7
11.0
48.3
14.7
33.6
8.0
32.5
11.2
46.8
14.8
32.0
9.0
32.7
11.4
2.5
.6
1.9
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.3
.5
1.5
.3
2.0
.5
1.4
.3
4.3
.9
4.3
1.0
4.0
.9
4.1
1.1
4.3
.7
2.9
1.0
3.6
.7
2.5
.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
•
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
200
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
1997
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,739
3,037
931
2,106
1,436
670
795
2,338
569
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.7
38.5
56.8
30.4
27.6
36.3
43.7
35.0
35.6
31.7
31.3
29.4
32.1
31.6
33.1
31.5
31.9
33.7
30.6
30.2
13.8
37.5
40.8
30.6
24.7
33.0
30.7
14.8
15.4
9.0
18.2
19.6
15.4
13.0
14.8
13.8
15.8
14.8
4.8
19.3
21.2
15.2
11.7
18.3
16.9
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,882
1,795
567
1,228
833
395
358
675
55
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.5
36.1
54.1
27.8
25.1
33.7
40.1
27.8
24.7
30.6
31.2
31.2
31.2
30.2
33.4
30.8
28.8
30.4
35.0
32.7
14.7
41.0
44.7
33.0
29.1
43.4
44.9
16.2
16.0
10.1
18.7
20.0
15.9
15.3
17.4
14.1
18.8
16.7
4.7
22.3
24.8
17.0
13.7
26.0
30.8
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,585
1,069
304
764
541
224
333
1,057
126
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.6
38.9
57.6
31.5
29.1
37.2
41.8
33.7
27.8
31.9
32.0
28.3
33.5
33.7
32.9
32.4
31.9
29.4
31.5
29.1
14.2
35.0
37.1
29.9
25.8
34.3
42.8
15.1
15.6
8.3
18.5
19.6
16.1
13.0
15.3
14.9
16.4
13.5
5.9
16.5
17.6
13.8
12.8
19.1
27.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,271
174
60
114
63
51
104
606
388
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.1
60.4
79.0
50.8
48.5
53.6
62.2
45.3
39.6
34.0
27.3
18.2
32.0
32.5
31.4
31.4
35.4
35.6
18.9
12.3
2.8
17.3
19.1
15.0
6.4
19.2
24.8
10.9
8.5
2.3
11.7
14.9
7.8
5.2
11.0
8.0
3.8
.5
5.5
4.2
7.2
1.1
8.3
11.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
13.4
used in the household survey.
30. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks .
. . . . .
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Percent distribution
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
7,236
2,633
2,287
1,576
711
2,316
1 053
1,262
577
685
6,739
2,538
2,138
1,474
664
2,062
995
1,067
479
589
100.0
36.4
31.6
21.8
9.8
32.0
14.6
17.4
8.0
9.5
100.0
37.7
31.7
21.9
9.9
30.6
14.8
15.8
7.1
8.7
5,803
1,929
1,838
1,241
597
2,036
913
1,123
526
596
5,395
1,862
1,713
1,156
557
1,820
864
956
428
528
100.0
33.2
31.7
21.4
10.3
35.1
15.7
19.3
9.1
10.3
100.0
34.5
31.8
21.4
10.3
33.7
16.0
17.7
7.9
9.8
16.7
8.3
15.8
8.0
18.0
9.3
17.1
8.9
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Thousands of persons
used in the household survey.
201
_
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
31. Unemployed persons by selected demographic characteristics and duration of unemployment
1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Characteristic
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
2,538
598
472
574
475
257
115
49
2,138
432
381
504
434
251
106
30
2,062
241
300
494
510
323
148
48
1,121
240
1,142
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
TOTAL
995
1,067
102
142
235
276
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,739
1,271
1,152
1,571
1,418
830
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,577
694
636
772
732
457
217
69
1,314
321
252
281
238
Women, 16 years and over
16to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,162
577
516
800
686
373
152
58
1,224
278
220
293
236
123
53
22
1,017
193
172
262
213
124
245
237
125
38
125
62
108
55
26
116
129
70
36
15
21
9
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,836
2,641
2,195
1,937
1,029
909
1,542
833
709
1,357
780
577
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,560
747
813
481
223
257
494
233
261
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,069
582
488
408
221
187
1,167
504
369
127
209
242
221
126
68
133
62
26
16
134
175
249
272
198
87
27
921
107
139
158
258
234
130
60
17
193
88
31
547
80
94
130
595
54
81
119
126
75
34
7
147
122
53
20
449
58
63
129
472
49
15.8
10.3
13.1
15.3
18.3
20.7
21.9
22.5
16.4
10.3
13.3
15.4
18.8
23.4
22.8
24.7
8.0
5.3
6.9
8.4
9.3
10.2
10.2
9.0
8.3
5.4
7.3
8.6
9.6
11.8
10.4
9.5
11
15.1
10.3
12.8
15.3
17.8
17.4
20.6
19.8
7.6
5.0
6.5
8.1
8.9
8.9
9.7
8.3
674
383
291
683
397
285
14.5
15.2
13.7
7.3
7.6
6.8
586
291
295
270
134
136
316
157
159
19.0
19.6
18.5
10.4
332
179
153
328
181
147
154
87
68
174
94
80
16.1
16.2
15.9
7.9
8.0
7.8
1,906
393
166
755
350
162
609
424
176
541
181
85
281
243
91
260
18.9
18.4
14.3
9.5
9.3
7.4
1,047
660
1,455
409
232
583
336
204
477
302
223
395
153
111
185
149
113
210
14.8
16.8
14.6
7.5
8.7
7.2
61
Race and Hispanic origin
9.9
9.6
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
202
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
32. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
Less
than
5 weeks
15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
761
1,646
1,255
719
1,490
267
272
625
489
280
553
107
231
533
390
217
480
86
258
487
376
222
457
75
115
256
167
113
223
36
143
232
209
108
234
39
17.4
14.9
16.4
15.1
15.7
14.1
8.5
7.9
7.6
7.7
8.2
7.1
190
635
890
448
442
865
4,995
732
3,375
360
75
254
305
154
152
99
667
69
700
37
64
210
275
139
136
93
533
78
567
34
50
171
309
155
154
103
456
96
549
50
25
92
142
71
71
50
238
52
259
20
25
78
167
84
83
53
218
43
290
30
13.7
13.7
17.5
17.7
17.4
17.4
14.1
18.3
15.9
21.9
7.0
7.2
9.1
9.0
9.2
9.3
7.2
10.9
7.8
10.2
569
202
192
175
78
96
16.3
8.5
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
N o previous work experience
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
203
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and active jobsearch methods used
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
6,739
1,271
5,808
1,212
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,152
1,044
1,571
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
Employer
directly
Sent out
resumes
or filled
out
applications
Placed
or
answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
Other
Average
number of
methods
used
127
1,338
1,155
677
287
95
65.0
62.6
66.1
65.2
67.0
64.7
64.1
58.1
48.4
52.8
50.1
48.2
47.1
46.1
41.7
30.4
16.9
10.7
14.8
18.4
19.9
21.7
20.7
13.0
16.1
11.6
13.0
16.7
18.5
21.2
19.6
21.5
18.7
8.7
18.4
22.4
23.8
22.7
18.6
8.2
6.9
2.6
6.1
7.4
9.0
10.8
8.4
4.6
8.1
5.1
7.3
8.2
9.6
11.1
10.7
7.9
1.80
1.54
1.76
1.87
1.95
1.99
1.84
1.44
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,577
694
636
772
732
457
217
69
2,974
659
560
615
563
359
166
53
66.1
63.8
66.7
66.8
68.8
65.1
66.3
57.2
46.7
51.1
48.7
45.7
44.7
45.2
42.7
29.5
17.2
11.3
16.0
18.3
20.8
21.2
19.4
15.1
17.8
12.3
15.3
19.4
20.9
22.9
20.0
21.9
19.5
8.9
19.1
24.3
25.4
24.0
19.0
7.2
7.0
2.7
6.0
8.1
9.3
11.1
8.0
3.4
8.7
4.3
7.4
8.6
11.0
13.5
9.4
1.83
1.54
1.79
1.92
2.01
2.03
1.89
1.44
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,162
577
516
800
686
373
152
58
2,834
553
485
724
591
318
121
43
63.7
61.2
65.3
63.9
65.2
64.3
61.1
59.3
50.2
54.8
51.8
50.3
49.3
47.1
40.3
31.5
16.6
10.0
13.4
18.5
19.0
22.3
22.5
10.4
14.2
10.8
10.4
14.5
16.2
19.3
19.1
21.0
17.9
8.5
17.5
20.8
22.2
21.2
18.2
9.5
6.8
2.6
6.3
6.9
8.7
10.4
9.1
6.0
7.5
5.9
7.2
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.1
6.0
1.77
1.54
1.72
1.83
1.89
1.93
1.78
1.44
White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women
4,836
2,641
2,195
4,059
2,127
1,932
65.1
65.9
64.3
49.2
47.8
50.7
17.4
17.4
17.5
16.3
14.2
18.2
17.5
19.0
15.7
6.8
6.9
6.7
8.8
9.5
8.1
1.81
1.85
1.77
Black, 16 years and over...
Men
Women
1,560
747
813
1,438
678
760
64.7
66.7
62.9
46.5
44.5
48.3
15.2
15.8
14.7
14.7
15.3
14.2
23.0
21.9
24.0
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.2
6.3
6.0
1.78
1.78
1.77
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,418
830
369
method. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because it
does not include persons on temporary layoff. The percent using each method
will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than one
12.6
204
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
34. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and active jobsearch methods used
1997
Thousands of
persons
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,739
3,037
795
2,338
569
5,808
2,106
Men, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Placed
or
answered
ads
Private
Public
Friends
employ- employor
ment
ment
relatives
agency agency
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
795
2,338
569
65.0
68.2
67.9
62.1
60.5
48.4
46.9
50.8
48.5
50.4
16.9
20.3
20.8
13.8
11.2
16.1
20.0
16.0
13.1
14.2
18.7
25.1
20.3
14.3
11.0
6.9
9.1
8.0
5.4
3.3
8.1
8.5
7.8
8.5
5.5
1.80
2.00
1.90
1.70
1.60
3,577
1,902
414
1,004
257
2,974
1,299
414
1,004
257
66.1
69.0
68.2
62.5
62.3
46.7
44.8
51.2
46.7
49.7
17.2
19.2
22.0
13.7
12.3
17.8
20.9
17.5
15.0
14.2
19.5
25.0
21.2
14.0
10.3
7.0
8.7
8.4
5.4
2.6
8.7
9.4
8.7
9.0
4.4
1.80
2.00
2.00
1.70
1.60
3,162
1,135
381
1,334
312
2,834
807
381
63.7
66.9
67.6
61.8
58.9
50.2
50.3
50.3
49.9
50.9
16.6
22.1
19.5
13.9
10.3
14.2
18.5
14.5
11.6
14.1
17.9
25.3
19.3
14.5
11.6
6.8
9.8
7.6
5.4
3.8
7.5
7.2
6.9
8.1
6.4
1.80
2.00
1.90
1.70
1.60
1,334
312
1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used exclude
persons on temporary layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because it does
not include persons on temporary layoff. The percent using each method will
Employer
directly
Sent out
resumes
or filled
out
applications
always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than one method.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
205
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
35. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Total
16 to 24
years
Category
1996
1997
1996
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
1
1997
25 to 54
years
1996
1997
55 years
and over
1996
1997
Women
Men
1996
1997
1996
1997
66,647 66,837 11,160 11,343 18,720 18,552 36,768 36,942 24,119 24,454 42,528 42,382
61,197 61,895 9,110 9,434 16,205 16,311 35,882 36,151 21,929 22,420 39,267 39,475
2,907
791 2,190 2,034 3,261
886
5,451 4,941
2,050 1,909 2,514 2,241
654
579 1,185 1,118 1,976 1,739
3,161 2,857 1,100 1,034 1,407 1,245
917 1,285 1,168
212 1,005
232
997
2,290 2,084
875 1,108
950
412
455
277
257
34
40
328
346
732
289
365
669
756
830
728
192
780
529
659
178
708
1,558 1,416
585
397
1,160
177
257
121
605
343
1,073
139
235
116
583
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2
Sex
Age
115
471
35
211
22
203
107
423
26
188
17
191
225
555
125
43
73
314
184
524
97
45
71
311
58
135
17
3
27
88
52
126
16
2
28
81
233
495
31
138
49
277
200
460
21
113
52
273
164
666
146
119
72
328
143
613
117
121
64
311
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
206
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
36. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number
Rate
1996
1
Number
1997
1996
1997
Women
Rate
1
Number
Rate1
1996
1997
6.1
4.2
6.2
5.9
6.2
6.5
4.8
5.3
3.3
3,640
190
3,451
421
3,029
2,752
277
235
42
3,718
187
3,531
424
3,107
2,798
309
268
40
6.2
5.9
6.2
7.4
6.1
6.4
4.1
4.5
2.7
6.2
5.7
6.2
7.3
6.1
6.4
4.4
4.8
2.6
6.3
5.8
3.6
6.2
5.9
3.9
3,181
329
188
3,216
370
190
6.5
4.6
4.1
6.4
5.0
3.8
6.4
5.9
5.8
6.3
6.0
5.7
1,775
825
1,040
1,758
893
1,067
5.5
7.1
7.2
5.4
7.4
7.1
1,772
1,183
69
600
1,827
1,168
68
640
1996
1997
1996
7,832
336
7,496
813
6,683
6,001
682
556
126
7,955
331
7,625
809
6,816
6,076
740
625
115
6.2
5.2
6.2
6.7
6.2
6.5
4.4
4.7
3.4
6.1
5.0
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.4
4.6
5.1
3.1
4,192
146
4,046
392
3,654
3,249
405
321
84
4,237
144
4,094
385
3,708
3,278
431
356
74
6.1
4.4
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.5
4.7
5.0
3.9
6,867
705
442
6,909
758
494
6.4
5.2
3.8
6.3
5.4
3.9
3,686
376
254
3,693
388
305
4,471
1,281
2,080
4,434
1,388
2,133
6.0
6.6
6.4
5.9
6.8
6.3
2,696
456
1,040
2,675
495
1,067
4,380
1,714
244
1,457
4,488
1,689
237
1,509
2,608
531
175
857
2,661
521
169
869
1997
1996
1997
AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.
207
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Median weekly earnings
1996
1997
1996
1997
Total, 16 years and over
90,918
93,578
$490
$503
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
51,895
5,976
45,919
53,220
6,174
47,046
557
307
599
579
317
615
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
39,023
4,307
34,715
40,358
4,522
35,836
418
284
444
431
292
462
White
Men
Women
76,151
44,428
31,724
77,973
45,349
32,624
506
580
428
519
595
444
Black
Men
Women
10,871
5,316
5,555
11,356
5,517
5,839
387
412
362
400
432
375
9,082
5,831
3,251
9,996
6,456
3,540
339
356
316
351
371
318
SEX AND AGE
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
38. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Median weekly earnings
1996
1997
1996
1997
Total, 16 years and over
20,810
20,710
$144
$149
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
6,432
3,403
3,029
6,454
3,479
2,975
134
110
177
139
114
183
14,378
4,388
9,990
14,256
4,373
9,883
148
109
173
153
112
179
White
Men
Women
17,960
5,410
12,550
17,915
5,462
12,454
146
134
150
150
138
155
Black
Men
Women
2,006
695
1,311
1,968
669
1,299
132
129
134
141
142
140
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1,711
622
1,089
1,877
692
1,184
139
144
137
144
150
140
SEX AND AGE
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
208
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Women
Men
Both sexes
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Administrators and officials, public administration
Administrators, protective services
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations
Administrators, education and related fields
Managers, medicine and health
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments
Managers, properties and real estate
,
Management-related occupations
Accountants and auditors
,
Underwriters
,
Other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
,
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products ...
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction ....
Professional specialty
Engineers, architects, and surveyors
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Biological and life scientists
Medical scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Respiratory therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten
Teachers, elementary school
Teachers, secondary school
Teachers, special education
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
Psychologists
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
93,578
$503
53,220
$579
40,358
$431
28,252
738
725
765
717
827
802
807
938
796
689
470
553
633
652
713
672
914
615
563
707
713
14,359
875
868
876
(1)
991
(1)
914
1,059
950
854
558
646
785
791
(1)
933
1,045
732
601
(1)
751
13,893
6,500
281
14
319
68
45
231
359
467
411
186
2,232
775
64
338
81
290
82
5
72
632
605
653
(1)
660
691
(1)
736
662
632
407
511
580
590
619
581
760
593
500
(1)
675
750
969
822
977
1,115
1,017
952
987
872
974
908
918
867
807
898
669
647
1,057
1,120
716
710
1,034
570
698
610
827
728
888
655
404
662
728
683
695
644
638
737
849
649
6,894
883
989
892
994
1,129
1,133
963
999
908
987
947
952
926
878
975
759
7,393
200
23
177
3
17
16
55
39
21
411
313
82
146
34
40
35
155
135
1,734
1,351
64
62
229
36
41
67
203
2,830
374
1,375
604
283
139
123
114
142
54
75
13,965
583
54
652
105
110
690
617
609
892
325
3,773
1,352
92
612
164
415
172
50
204
,
14,287
2,026
125
1,892
80
90
218
610
248
338
1,328
1,071
207
484
143
97
78
506
448
2,043
1,461
148
72
316
65
70
71
557
3,810
383
1,649
1,040
344
223
157
138
284
114
129
See footnotes at end of table.
Number
of
workers
209
7,466
302
40
332
37
65
458
258
142
481
139
1,541
577
28
273
84
125
91
45
133
1,826
102
1,716
77
73
203
555
209
317
916
758
125
339
108
56
43
351
314
309
110
83
10
87
29
29
4
354
274
436
61
84
35
24
142
59
54
(1)
1,156
1,220
862
778
1,129
(1)
733
(J)
O
()
936
733
(1)
719
764
760
766
]
()
897
970
774
812
(1)
837
(])
(8701)
]
()
842
850
826
668
()
929
946
701
705
907
573
686
;
()
727
829
633
405
655
689
674
629
628
629
625
707
551
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Men
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Technical writers
Designers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
1,134
697
86
299
538
497
1,198
58
382
84
98
205
121
515
522
331
577
1,163
1,166
633
672
642
694
547
680
656
541
224
29
264
368
339
650
31
190
52
61
105
46
558
551
(1)
588
1,261
1,267
730
(1)
792
675
591
769
(1)
592
473
57
36
170
159
548
27
193
32
37
100
75
502
518
317
(1)
952
959
557
(1)
514
(1 )
(1 )
606
588
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science ...
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants
26,791
3,494
1,307
317
116
305
867
353
196
63
234
81
75
1,086
93
563
287
456
582
483
546
608
471
616
654
596
588
518
481
613
726
1,079
840
559
10,239
1,803
305
81
40
23
713
308
161
56
152
34
60
633
92
393
44
588
667
553
590
(1 )
(1 )
631
655
606
609
588
(1 )
620
856
1,021
869
(1)
16,552
1,691
1,002
236
76
282
154
35
7
82
48
15
453
1
170
243
403
498
466
534
572
470
529
(1)
(1)
(1)
462
(1)
(1)
602
(1)
742
553
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services ...
Insurance sales
;
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
,
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
,
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances .,
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
9,405
3,046
1,693
405
333
323
146
486
1,280
3,366
268
154
119
158
180
144
701
121
1,341
107
482
536
621
602
608
728
586
607
704
299
586
283
474
465
405
364
301
297
253
366
5,174
1,836
920
195
158
218
65
284
984
1,427
243
37
69
113
148
131
261
41
307
39
603
619
744
755
685
858
711
687
741
392
593
(1 )
509
474
415
375
381
(1 )
269
(1)
4,231
1,210
774
209
176
105
82
202
297
1,939
26
116
50
45
32
13
440
80
1,034
68
352
438
519
493
523
550
529
522
582
266
(1)
271
423
(1)
(1)
(1)
280
268
248
327
13,892
667
387
88
171
337
329
2,701
2,249
60
392
419
580
574
576
586
475
478
412
410
463
413
3,262
268
121
18
117
151
150
49
29
1
18
514
691
754
(1 )
600
526
525
(1)
(1 )
(1)
(1)
10,630
399
266
69
54
186
179
2,652
2,220
59
374
403
525
513
534
557
422
428
411
409
459
414
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
General office
Financial records processing
Distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks
Computer equipment operators
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
See footnotes at end of table.
210
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
1,326
114
93
198
671
625
192
61
59
170
134
1,464
1,080
132
135
78
60
144
138
839
304
287
141
106
1,692
221
241
571
393
161
1,485
401
833
108
143
2,551
572
282
518
68
329
361
357
281
498
345
392
475
443
343
341
399
419
420
456
401
405
355
372
367
599
669
677
363
372
434
496
560
394
443
383
448
506
423
457
411
386
389
321
395
426
291
144
17
23
48
16
131
55
11
11
28
27
136
102
9
9
7
28
21
18
538
170
205
69
93
983
116
112
404
231
55
373
109
209
15
40
441
112
25
97
8
19
392
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
482
501
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1)
459
446
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
624
686
691
396
377
481
541
627
412
485
452
555
655
508
(1 )
(1 )
472
450
(1)
473
(1 )
(1)
1,181
97
69
150
655
494
137
50
48
142
107
1,329
978
123
126
70
32
123
120
301
134
82
72
13
709
106
128
166
162
106
1,113
292
625
92
104
2,111
460
257
421
60
309
359
356
273
478
346
377
463
431
(1 )
335
388
417
418
453
401
402
(1 )
357
356
523
632
610
337
(1 )
393
418
495
360
378
362
426
473
411
461
404
374
378
321
384
412
290
,
10,172
348
117
219
1,961
171
104
214
199
966
556
132
278
610
565
313
215
202
220
550
748
773
704
707
614
697
537
519
340
344
5,071
24
2
19
1,654
148
85
208
194
808
492
103
212
490
466
372
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
575
782
854
712
715
628
707
553
528
352
351
5,101
324
114
200
308
23
19
6
6
159
63
30
66
120
98
282
213
204
217
451
(1)
(1 )
(1 )
(1)
547
654
(1 )
483
310
319
Service occupations, except private household and protective
Food preparation and service occupations
Supervisors
Bartenders
Waiters and waitresses
7,863
2,956
225
168
588
296
276
314
312
281
3,393
1,514
109
76
165
317
295
378
341
328
4,469
1,442
116
92
423
280
258
274
293
268
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support occupations
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data-entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers'aides
Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective services
Supervisors
Police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
Guards
Guards and police, except public service
,
See footnotes at end of table.
211
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Cooks, except short order
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters1 and waitresses' assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation occupations
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Personal service occupations
Supervisors
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Early childhood teachers' assistants
1,237
88
129
215
306
1,685
139
249
1,296
2,174
168
447
1,512
1,048
58
276
120
69
57
217
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment
Data processing equipment repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers ....
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Office machine repairers
Millwrights
Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, and apprentices
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
Roofers
Structural metalworkers
Extractive occupations
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
Precision metalworking occupations
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Sheet-metalworkers
795
26
40
119
185
222
5
70
148
1,377
106
107
1,117
280
25
34
74
20
6
7
548
578
760
565
536
490
559
724
500
591
569
620
580
10,511
56
267
803
53
640
534
566
536
699
536
661
521
515
510
482
430
624
814
384
610
524
519
407
709
666
522
624
584
791
563
541
54
266
760
456
3,422
134
55
915
116
697
115
287
431
81
50
122
64
137
3,460
1,178
838
124
496
105
212
280
211
273
267
245
305
366
308
300
308
402
266
313
304
482
311
313
521
305
239
Number
of
workers
11,495
4,020
241
3,779
1,525
660
312
129
153
171
504
659
164
177
190
88
3,878
See footnotes at end of table.
Median
weekly
earnings
3,860
226
3,635
1,504
651
309
124
152
169
494
593
152
152
164
51
85
3,813
448
3,365
134
54
902
114
682
114
277
425
79
50
122
64
136
2,702
952
783
123
471
97
Median
weekly
earnings
300
]
()
270
239
343
(1)
340
341
339
465
292
330
382
327
581
765
570
538
491
560
732
500
594
572
628
585
620
721
666
533
578
548
694
538
662
522
516
514
482
437
625
817
384
608
526
519
407
709
663
584
667
597
788
577
553
Number
of
workers
442
61
90
96
121
1,462
134
180
1,148
797
62
340
394
768
33
242
46
49
51
210
984
160
16
144
21
10
2
4
1
2
10
67
13
25
25
2
2
43
3
3
65
8
57
1
1
12
3
15
1
10
1
758
226
55
1
25
8
Median
weekly
earnings
245
209
267
262
252
302
365
300
296
273
329
259
275
286
(1)
306
3
()
299
237
382
489
(1)
475
1 j
1
555
fit
()
445
(1)
442
()
362
435
399
(!)
(
»
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Precision woodworking occupations
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Water and sewage treatment plant operators
Stationary engineers
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casting machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing press operators
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Winding and twisting machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, exc. food
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Assemblers
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
workers
69
50
63
202
18
32
107
248
175
64
111
103
273
67
134
15,338
7,235
4,634
401
390
384
469
415
413
410
399
340
315
463
469
277
358
263
243
273
411
323
475
681
430
560
377
325
399
491
367
414
452
517
272
11,709
4,610
2,976
498
496
589
506
524
405
405
761
814
484
590
596
515
488
414
4,033
2,877
357
117
62
193
81
161
66
1,880
535
1,229
721
514
66
138
4,325
3,114
80
2,484
118
259
133
159
116
1,052
206
87
89
57
513
213
of
381
391
340
368
411
440
333
382
400
334
570
571
643
575
623
2,728
See footnotes at end of table.
Number
73
51
112
478
56
52
307
348
212
102
148
140
285
69
140
347
90
107
172
121
112
72
341
272
914
50
528
87
128
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Supervisors
Truck drivers
Drivers-sales workers
Bus drivers
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles
Rail transportation
Material moving equipment operators
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators
Median
weekly
earnings
297
69
95
127
83
98
63
270
236
271
15
107
28
56
1,896
146
103
58
171
75
127
29
1,254
503
683
380
281
46
54
67
2,383
107
160
123
153
112
1,004
205
85
88
56
474
Median
weekly
earnings
390
394
354
434
(1 )
(1)
386
411
415
379
649
653
646
577
625
436
449
438
489
475
429
433
412
345
324
516
501
314
Number
of
workers
4
1
49
276
38
20
201
100
37
38
37
36
12
2
6
3,630
2,625
1,658
284
50
21
12
45
38
14
9
71
36
643
35
421
58
72
832
211
13
3
22
6
34
37
626
32
546
341
234
20
84
505
504
620
509
555
476
405
771
819
487
590
599
517
485
417
292
238
14
101
11
99
10
6
4
48
2
2
1
1
39
(1 )
284
(1)
322
455
381
487
688
447
567
396
(1 )
451
496
415
518
ODO
(1 )
Median
weekly
earnings
(1)
(1)
(1)
324
(1)
(1)
316
302
(1 )
(1 )
/1 \
/1 \
(1)
(1)
(1)
313
313
306
370
(1)
(])
(1)
(1 )
(*)
353
(1)
265
(1)
260
241
253
332
306
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
320
(1)
319
335
357
(1 )
268
373
370
(1)
399
(1 )
356
(1 )
(1 )
(1)
(1)
(1
(1
(1
(1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Men
Both sexes
Women
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations ...
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farm managers
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Farmworkers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors, related agricultural
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
Graders and sorters, agricultural products
Forestry and logging occupations
Timber cutting and logging
1
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
Median
weekly
earnings
Median
weekly
earnings
3,779
108
101
718
1,165
539
61
126
202
231
1,145
329
316
319
377
322
281
317
277
303
310
343
3,065
106
98
692
892
361
36
114
174
98
918
343
318
320
376
339
293
(1)
274
305
327
358
1,530
89
75
1,355
642
586
713
66
551
53
70
52
295
404
423
288
275
273
300
427
298
243
404
391
1,331
76
65
302
433
446
295
280
276
309
422
300
(1)
406
392
used in the household survey.
214
Number
of
workers
1,173
560
513
614
65
518
17
66
50
Number
of
workers
713
2
2
26
273
178
25
12
29
Median
weekly
earnings
299
/1 y
:!
289
265
/ 1 y
\ < \
133
228
296
307
198
257
13
10
182
82
74
100
1
32
36
4
2
254
246
247
260
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Members of
unions1
Characteristic
Total
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Represented
by unions2
Total
Percent
of
employed
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
111,960
18,106
93,854
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
58,473
29,564
30,619
21,641
9,527
2,503
9,392
16,269
991
15,278
3,536
5,132
4,626
1,795
189
9,859
627
14.5
5.5
16.3
12.0
16.8
21.4
18.8
7.5
18,158
1,146
17,012
3,994
5,716
5,106
1,984
211
10,761
709
10,052
2,434
10,936
4,978
1,315
2,739
109
6.7
18.8
13.8
19.5
25.0
21.7
8.3
53,488
8,714
44,773
13,634
14,698
10,705
4,549
1,187
6,410
364
6,046
1,331
2,032
1,887
716
80
12.0
4.2
13.5
9.8
13.8
17.6
15.7
6.7
2,146
818
87
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
94,306
49,961
44,345
13,232
8,216
5,016
14.0
16.4
11.3
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
12,909
6,031
6,878
2,441
1,303
1,138
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
10,800
6,455
4,345
90,918
20,810
49,080
15,930
15,921
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
9,232
2,205
3,100
1,079
16.2
6.3
18.1
13.5
18.7
23.6
20.8
8.4
18.4
7.5
20.5
3,368
15.3
21.2
2,960
1,166
27.1
23.4
124
9.5
7,397
437
6,960
1,560
2,349
13.8
5.0
15.5
11.4
114,533
18,571
95,962
29,408
31,461
22,714
9,871
2,509
59,825
9,666
50,159
15,832
16,430
11,471
5,101
1,324
16,110
968
15,142
3,434
4,987
4,645
1,894
182
15.9
20.5
19.2
7.3
9,763
612
9,150
16.3
6.3
18.2
2,132
13.5
3,068
2,718
1,130
103
18.7
23.7
22.1
7.8
6,347
355
5,992
1,302
11.6
4.0
13.1
1,919
12.8
17.1
14.1
5.2
15.8
11.7
17,923
1,140
16,783
3,870
5,571
5,092
2,045
205
10,619
691
9,928
2,359
3,346
2,908
1,198
118
15.6
6.1
17.5
13.2
17.7
22.4
20.7
8.2
17.7
7.1
19.8
14.9
20.4
25.4
23.5
8.9
18.0
7.3
11,242
4,770
1,184
1,927
764
80
16.0
6.7
7,304
449
6,855
1,512
2,225
2,184
847
87
14,761
8,961
5,800
15.7
17.9
13.1
96,104
50,941
45,163
13,088
8,171
4,917
13.6
16.0
10.9
14,538
8,859
5,679
15.1
17.4
12.6
18.9
21.6
16.5
2,733
1,428
1,305
21.2
23.7
19.0
13,346
6,201
7,145
2,394
1,251
1,143
17.9
20.2
16.0
2,688
1,378
1,309
20.1
22.2
18.3
1,394
881
513
12.9
13.7
11.8
1,573
971
602
14.6
15.0
13.9
11,881
7,153
4,728
1,407
904
503
11.8
12.6
10.6
1,602
1,023
579
13.5
14.3
12.2
14,762
1,477
16.2
7.1
16,429
1,697
18.1
8.2
93,578
20,710
14,619
1,449
15.6
7.0
16,227
1,653
17.3
8.0
16.0
20.0
54,708
8,906
45,802
13,575
15,030
9.6
13.4
5.0
15.0
11.1
14.8
19.4
17.8
7.3
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
3
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours
usually worked. Beginning in 1994, these data will not sum to totals because
full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small
number of multiple jobholders.
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers.
Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
215
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
41. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation and selected characteristics
1997
1996
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
$490
298
520
463
559
594
535
384
$615
371
625
554
636
687
620
510
$610
362
621
548
632
686
616
510
$462
294
498
447
530
552
505
367
$503
306
540
481
579
607
558
393
$640
385
655
579
675
704
661
614
$632
384
648
572
666
697
657
609
$478
302
511
466
548
578
512
374
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
557
307
599
499
632
698
643
477
653
375
669
591
683
718
667
589
651
369
668
587
683
721
664
593
520
303
580
485
617
682
633
424
579
317
615
515
651
713
669
452
683
402
697
607
712
744
702
677
679
404
693
603
708
741
701
672
539
313
595
503
630
698
649
415
418
284
444
415
463
481
420
334
549
358
560
497
561
620
524
417
543
339
555
495
556
616
523
413
398
280
420
405
439
445
395
321
431
292
462
427
482
495
433
348
577
353
587
521
592
627
582
0
568
351
581
514
585
620
575
586
411
289
437
416
461
465
408
324
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
506
580
428
635
675
572
630
673
564
480
544
408
519
595
444
663
699
595
654
695
587
494
569
421
Black, 16 years and over
Men
387
412
362
507
526
485
502
522
480
356
380
336
400
432
375
533
577
504
523
573
496
371
396
349
339
356
316
484
511
436
482
511
433
319
330
305
351
371
318
506
538
440
501
526
430
331
348
309
Characteristic
SEX AND AGE
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Women
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers. Excluded
are self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated although they
technically qualify as wage and salary workers. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
216
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Members of
unions1
Occupation and industry
Total
employed
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Total
employed
Percent
of
employed
Represented
by unions2
Percent
of
employed
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
13.6
5.5
20.4
4,977
1,005
3,972
16.1
7.0
23.8
31,946
14,908
17,037
4,208
763
3,445
13.2
5.1
20.2
4,951
9.5
10.7
3,742
492
616
10.9
12.8
4.9
14.9
34,796
3,158
427
559
9.1
10.4
3,648
501
659
2,488
14.1
16,204
14.5
42.9
10.0
Total
Total
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
30,942
14,263
16,679
4,196
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
34,187
3,828
12,658
17,701
3,231
409
541
2,281
Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service
15,897
2,154
13,743
2,103
852
1,251
9.1
1,421
14.7
42.2
10.3
Precision production, craft, and repair
11,615
2,648
22.8
2,804
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,428
7,584
4,862
4,981
4,000
1,752
1,243
1,005
23.0
23.1
25.6
20.2
1,892
92
1,710
92,059
32
9,385
538
5,387
Farming, forestry, and fishing
785
3,410
4.3
12.9
2,634
13.2
2,331
39.5
909
4,111
13,055
17,631
2,172
4.3
12.3
959
3,992
15.5
6.4
23.4
10.5
12.2
5.0
39.9
13,956
2,141
897
1,244
8.9
2,356
965
1,391
24.1
12,069
2,723
22.6
2,864
23.7
4,201
1,838
1,313
1,050
24.1
24.2
27.0
21.1
17,629
7,717
4,931
4,981
3,791
4,008
1,764
1,279
901
21.5
21.9
24.3
18.1
964
22.7
22.9
25.9
19.4
4.9
104
5.5
1,890
88
4.6
97
5.1
37
10,293
81
1,690
94,705
607
2.1
9.8
1,033
2.2
11.2
15.0
19.2
36
9,327
76
994
1.9
10.2
14.1
18.5
84
1,067
18.6
40
10,215
87
1,118
2.4
10.8
14.3
19.5
19,653
11,642
8,011
3,387
2,157
1,230
17.2
18.5
15.4
3,603
2,282
1,320
18.3
19.6
16.5
11,908
8,053
3,253
2,090
1,164
16.3
17.5
14.5
3,441
2,198
1,243
17.2
18.5
15.4
6,623
4,006
2,617
1,757
1,080
26.5
27.0
25.9
1,873
1,136
737
28.3
28.4
28.2
6,949
4,212
2,737
1,804
1,118
26.0
26.5
25.1
1,909
1,177
731
27.5
27.9
26.7
23,638
4,357
19,280
1,331
271
1,471
1,179
6.2
6.7
6.1
23,676
4,296
19,379
1,315
251
1,059
5.6
6.2
5.5
1,065
5.6
5.8
5.5
1,469
284
1,186
6.2
6.6
6.1
6,863
29,357
168
1,672
2.4
5.7
210
2,024
3.1
6.9
7,070
30,704
155
1,647
2.2
5.4
199
1,993
2.8
6.5
18,210
3,284
5,132
9,795
6,854
1,040
1,566
4,249
37.6
31.7
30.5
43.4
7,830
1,277
1,810
4,743
43.0
38.9
35.3
48.4
18,147
3,217
5,031
9,899
6,747
1,030
1,485
4,232
37.2
32.0
29.5
42.7
7,668
1,266
1,679
4,723
42.3
39.4
33.4
47.7
2,248
1,690
1,199
13.2
INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
,
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Federal
State
Local
,
677
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
292
5,739
19,961
686
13.9
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers.
Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
217
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
43. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry
1997
1996
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Total
Members of
unions1
Represented
by unions2
Nonunion
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
$718
699
730
$758
742
762
$749
745
750
$708
694
721
$738
725
750
$776
757
782
$766
752
769
$731
721
742
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
441
573
474
405
532
664
451
524
524
661
459
516
427
554
475
389
456
582
482
419
550
677
467
545
541
675
469
534
441
566
483
404
Service occupations '.
Protective service
Service, except protective service
305
538
283
490
693
379
484
686
379
282
413
271
313
550
293
516
724
398
505
713
393
293
418
283
Precision production, craft, and repair
540
703
698
494
548
724
718
501
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
391
380
476
528
512
610
522
508
601
353
345
425
401
390
498
572
533
658
561
524
642
365
356
451
330
481
477
308
329
509
506
310
Farming, forestry, and fishing
294
439
423
288
295
505
475
290
306
475
693
504
()
$584
()
$579
698
748
699
742
305
458
690
464
306
490
680
518
$610
717
771
$603
717
760
305
476
668
484
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
507
533
466
560
588
510
558
587
507
494
517
453
517
548
484
595
619
536
592
616
529
503
523
470
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
,
596
527
693
680
656
707
676
649
705
555
491
684
617
573
709
718
702
746
714
697
743
580
513
690
,
380
503
343
450
566
408
551
408
375
500
338
391
525
352
457
545
419
451
536
415
387
524
347
521
456
534
501
533
498
520
451
546
475
487
517
501
512
548
470
592
672
557
580
657
677
610
671
651
679
605
661
518
663
514
473
605
684
584
592
681
689
628
697
671
687
621
682
530
678
540
479
Occupation and industry
OCCUPATION
INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers .
Mining
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Federal
State
Local
,
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose
jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE:
Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers.
Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated
although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised controls used in the household survey.
218
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
44. Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Absence rate
Total
employed
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.1
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.5
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.1
.7
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.4
2.2
0.6
.5
.7
.5
.6
.3
5,301
2.8
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.6
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.2
2.1
3.1
.9
.6
.6
.6
.5
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.5
1.4
2.2
1.3
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.2
2.0
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
40,244
819
3,644
35,780
31,833
3,948
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.9
3.6
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.5
4.1
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.6
1.7
.9
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.8
2.4
1.0
.9
1.3
.9
1.0
.4
93,425
2,043
8,592
82,791
73,542
9,249
53,181
1,223
4,948
47,010
41,709
1
Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work
35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference
week for one of the following reasons: Own illness, injury, or medical
problems; child-care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or
military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in
which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor
dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer
only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of
workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The
Lost worktime rate2
1
estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do
not match those in other tables because they exclude the incorporated
self-employed and were not subject to the monthly compositing process
that affects most annual averages produced from CPS data collected
monthly from the full sample.
2
Hours absent as a percent of hours usually worked.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
219
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Occupation and industry
Absence rate
Total
employed
Total
Illness or
injury
Lost worktime rate 2
1
Other
reasons
Total
Illness or
injury
Other
reasons
OCCUPATION
1.0
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.0
.9
1.0
0.5
.5
.6
3.0
3.1
2.1
3.5
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.5
2.1
2.1
1.5
2.5
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.7
.7
.6
.5
.8
15,307
1,528
4.8
3.7
4.3
2.9
3.6
2.9
3.4
2.2
1.3
.7
.9
.7
2.7
2.1
2.5
1.6
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.3
.7
.3
.4
.3
1,338
76,730
583
5,276
2.3
3.7
2.5
3.4
1.7
2.7
1.9
2.6
.6
1.0
.5
.7
1.2
2.0
1.5
1.9
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.6
.3
.5
.2
.3
19,012
11,491
7,521
3.8
3.7
3.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
.9
.8
1.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.6
1.7
1.5
.5
.4
.6
6,267
3,651
2,616
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
.9
1.0
2.2
2.4
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.5
.5
.5
.5
16,314
3,930
12,384
3.5
3.0
3.6
2.5
2.3
2.5
1.0
.6
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.3
1.1
1.3
.5
.4
.6
6,204
23,074
15,357
3.5
4.0
4.7
2.3
2.8
3.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.8
2.0
2.5
1.1
1.4
1.8
.7
.7
.7
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
28,199
13,945
14,254
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.1
2.0
2.3
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
26,680
3,485
9,343
13,853
4.2
4.2
3.1
5.0
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10,212
11,499
1.0
.9
INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
1
Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work
35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference
week for one of the following reasons: Own illness, injury, or medical
problems; child-care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or
military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in
which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor
dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer
only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of
workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The
estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do
not match those in other tables because they exclude the incorporated
self-employed and were not subject to the monthly compositing process
that affects most annual averages produced from CPS data collected
monthly from the full sample.
2
Hours absent as a percent of hours usually worked.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
220
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
46. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
1996
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status and age
1997
Percent of
labor force
Number
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,726
6,466
1,243
3,038
2,186
1,260
7,790
6,284
1,002
2,683
2,599
1,506
6,600
5,848
1,121
2,763
1,963
753
6,644
5,676
901
2,436
2,338
969
6,387
5,653
1,083
2,670
1,900
733
6,439
5,496
864
2,366
2,266
943
214
194
39
93
63
19
206
180
37
71
72
26
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.6
3.1
3.2
4.1
2.9
3.1
2.7
18,342
8,562
5,807
3,973
19,440
8,972
6,212
4,256
16,567
7,897
5,265
3,405
17,621
8,285
5,639
3,696
15,957
7,593
5,075
3,288
17,044
8,007
5,460
3,576
610
3Q3
190
117
577
278
179
120
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.2
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE : Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1997, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
221
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
47. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonveterans
Veterans
Employment status and age
White
Hispanic origin
Black
White
1996
Hispanic origin
1996
1997
1996
1997
1,915
1,525
1,413
113
7.4
2,050
1,653
1,547
106
6.4
1,753
1,564
1,473
91
5.8
1,969
1,772
1,684
88
4.9
7,585
7,099
6,891
208
2.9
885
729
672
57
7.8
941
779
724
55
7.1
835
760
714
46
6.1
922
852
811
41
4.8
4,906
4,513
4,369
144
3.2
5,251
4,826
4,689
137
2.8
604
489
454
35
7.2
664
545
515
29
5.4
528
478
450
28
5.9
600
525
500
25
4.7
3,324
2,904
2,818
87
3.0
3,567
3,156
3,068
88
2.8
426
307
287
20
6.6
445
328
307
21
6.5
391
325
310
16
4.9
447
395
373
22
5.5
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
5,735
5,233
5,070
163
3.1
5,603
5,102
4,951
151
3.0
601
501
474
28
5.5
560
469
444
25
5.3
259
227
219
8
3.6
262
229
218
11
4.8
1,055
955
925
30
3.1
851
770
739
31
4.1
154
136
127
8
6.1
121
102
97
5
4.9
75
67
63
4
5.3
66
56
52
4
6.9
7,260
6,795
6,564
231
3.4
2,694
2,474
2,396
78
3.2
2,375
2,178
2,120
58
2.6
291
243
230
13
5.3
264
222
210
11
5.1
108
91
88
4
4.1
97
84
81
3
3.0
1,987
1,804
1,749
55
3.0
2,378
2,154
2,092
62
2.9
156
123
116
7
5.4
175
145
137
9
5.9
76
69
68
1
1.4
99
90
85
5
5.2
1997
Black
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
15,490 16,403
14,212 15,081
13,751 14,648
461
433
3.2
2.9
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NOTE : Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.
222
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
(In thousands)
1994
1995
1996
1997P
114,163
117,191
119,523
122,257
95,036
97,885
100,076
102,602
23,908
24,265
24,431
24,738
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
,
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
601
48.6
111.8
336.5
581
51.3
104.4
320.1
574
53.8
96.4
317.4
573
54.0
91.9
320.0
103.6
105.3
106.2
107.5
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
4.986
1,188.2
739.6
3,058.4
5,160
1,207.0
752.2
3.201.1
5,400
1,254.0
769.5
3,376.6
5,627
1,305.5
767.9
3,553.5
18,321
18,524
18,457
18,538
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10.448
754.3
504.6
531.6
697.7
239.2
1,388.1
.,989.5
354.2
.,570.6
544.2
1,761.1
909.3
481.5
861.1
389.0
10,683
769.2
509.7
539.6
712.0
241.6
1,437.0
10,766
779.6
503.8
540.5
710.5
240.3
1,447.7
2,112.0
363.0
1,651.3
610.0
1,780.6
962.5
459.5
853.6
386.7
10,915
797.8
508.5
541.4
711.3
236.2
1,472.2
2,155.2
378.9
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
7,873
1.678.0
42.9
676.4
974.0
692.3
1,537.2
1,057.0
149.1
953.1
112.9
1,691.9
42.1
663.2
935.8
692.8
1,545.9
1,038.1
145.2
979.9
105.6
7,691
1,692.6
41.4
624.1
864.0
681.0
7,622
1,693.0
41.1
607.6
813.3
676.6
1,544.2
90,256
5,984
3.761
240.5
404.0
.,526.1
172.4
1,023.0
17.1
377.9
2,223
1.294.8
928.3
6.162
3.559
2,604
Industry
Total .
Total private ...
Goods-producing
Manufacturing .
Service-producing .
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit ,
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .
See footnotes at end of table.
223
2,067.1
352.2
1,625.0
580.8
1,790.2
970.9
450.5
843.4
389.7
7,841
1,537.6
1,656.5
629.9
.,829.7
971.9
504.9
857.0
385.9
1,031.8
141.7
981.0
95.9
1,027.2
138.4
92,925
95,092
97,519
6,132
3,904
238.4
419.2
1,587.1
174.5
1,068.3
15.1
2,229
1,317.6
910.9
6,261
4,038
231.1
439.2
1,640.9
173.1
1,122.1
14.5
417.3
2,223
1,337.5
884.9
6,426
4,183
227.3
457.8
.,687.8
177.0
1,182.5
14.3
436.0
2,243
.,373.9
6,378
3,715
2,663
6,483
3,804
2,679
6,657
3,933
2,723
401.2
989.7
91.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1994
1995
20,507
833.4
2.582.8
3,291.2
2,116.2
962.5
21,187
867.5
2,680.5
2,345.6
3,366.0
2.189.6
996.0
1,144.0
1,125.4
889.1
7,077.8
2,572.5
945.5
7.354.2
2.658.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
6.896
3,299
2,065.7
1,484.3
305.1
490.6
248.9
6,806
3,231
2,025.1
1,465.5
Services
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
31.579
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
2,246.1
204.9
525.4
217.2
2,225
515.5
226.5
2.236
1,551.9
683.6
1,361
564.1
1,630.9
1,140.4
6,280.7
857.3
2,271.7
2.017.1
958.6
968.3
338.2
441.2
1,334.1
8,991.9
1,544.9
1,648.6
3,763.0
559.4
924.0
1,850.0
2,199.7
515.1
603.8
78.6
2.081.5
2,578.5
778.3
718.7
41.1
1,528.8
695.5
1,351
33,117
581.8
1,668.1
1,162.9
6,812.4
882.2
2,475.5
2.188.8
1,089.9
1,020.1
359.1
487.6
1,417.4
9,230.4
1,608.9
1,691.4
3,772.1
628.7
921.4
1,965.2
2,335.6
562.6
642.6
80.4
2,145.9
1997P
21,625
891.8
2.725.6
2,387.7
3.435.0
2,269.6
1,032.4
1,100.9
985.3
7,499.4
2,717.1
22,131
927.0
2,803.3
2,458.3
3,496.5
2,323.4
.,056.5
1,102.8
.,040.6
7,603.0
2,834.8
6,899
7,053
3,405
2,046.2
1,489.3
252.5
545.8
245.3
591.4
221.7
2,230
1,509.8
720.1
1,418
3,301
2,023.5
1,466.0
263.3
515.7
231.2
551.4
209.8
2,217
1,510.0
707.4
1,381
34,377
624.8
1,716.0
1,184.2
7,253.9
897.1
2,646.0
2,340.7
1,207.9
1,083.7
374.6
522.4
1,465.6
9,468.9
1,678.5
1,732.2
3,813.5
665.4
929.9
2,020.2
2,403.0
569.3
672.1
814.8
805.2
44.6
84.7
2,185.1
2,846.4
839.1
873.2
46.9
19,305
2,822
1,978.3
4,635
1,919.0
2,715.4
11,849
6,605.6
5,243.4
19,447
2,757
1,900.9
4,624
1,923.8
2,699.8
12,066
6,747.5
5,318.4
2,731.1
19,128
2.870
2.052.8
4,576
1,881.9
2,693.5
11,682
6,479.0
5,202.5
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
275.8
462.9
1996
35,597
669.7
1,751.6
1,189.9
7,665.4
900.1
2,765.9
2,430.2
1,341.3
1,136.8
385.2
541.4
1,548.1
9,686.9
1,742.6
1,760.5
3,875.9
682.3
955.7
2,081.9
2,478.4
588.8
699.7
87.9
2,200.5
3,001.4
877.9
951.7
48.5
19,655
2,700
1,842.2
4,649
1,951.5
2,697.2
12,307
6,911.9
5,395.0
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
224
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
49. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonffarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
1994
1995
1996
1997P
77,607
80,125
81,998
84,075
16,918
17,243
17,359
17,604
427
424
426
434
3,858
3,993
4,184
4,360
12,632
12,826
12,749
12,810
7,104
622.9
399.6
7,317
632.1
403.1
417.9
552.8
184.5
1,079.8
1,294.6
1,044.9
1,200.3
761.4
7,370
640.5
397.8
420.6
553.5
184.7
1,087.8
1,319.2
1,050.6
1,205.9
760.3
7,490
656.8
403.8
422.2
416.5
275.5
421.5
272.5
5,528
1,230.9
33.0
574.5
814.7
524.2
845.5
577.5
96.6
741.8
89.6
5,508
1,247.5
32.0
560.2
776.1
525.4
847.6
580.2
93.8
762.7
82.7
5,379
1,254.1
31.9
527.6
708.0
517.0
839.4
574.5
91.7
760.5
74.1
5,320
1,256.3
31.7
515.4
664.3
515.5
840.8
568.8
91.1
767.4
69.2
60.690
62.882
64,639
66,471
Transportation and public utilities
5,012
5,140
5,269
5,392
Wholesale trade
4,972
5,163
5,239
5,362
18.056
18,639
19,025
19,475
5,018
4,961
5,034
5,151
27.632
28.979
30,073
31,093
Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
,
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Retail trade
,
,
410.7
536.9
182.1
1,037.2
1,233.0
1,010.4
1,154.3
703.9
422.1
276.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
P a preliminary.
556.1
182.0
1,110.8
1,355.3
1,050.0
1,243.4
768.9
421.0
270.5
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
225
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
Industry
1994
1995
1996
1997P
1994
1995
1996
1997P
1994
1995
1996
1997P
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
$11.12
$11.43
$11.81
$12.26 $385.86 $394.34 $406.26 $424.20
41.4
41.0
41.1
41.3
12.71
13.04
13.47
13.91
526.19
534.64
553.62
574.48
Mining
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
14.88
15.30
15.61
16.13
666.62
683.91
707.13
732.30
Construction
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9
14.73
15.09
15.46
16.00
573.00
587.00
602.94
622.40
Manufacturing
Overtime
42.0
4.1
41.6
4.7
41.6
4.4
42.0
4.5
12.07
(2)
12.37
(2)
12.78
(2)
13.17
(2)
506.94
(2)
514.59
(2)
531.65
(2)
553.14
(2)
Durable goods
Overtime
42.9
4.3
42.4
5.0
42.4
4.7
42.8
4.8
12.68
(2)
12.94
(2)
13.34
(2)
13.74
(2)
543.97
(2)
548.66
(2)
565.62
(2)
588.07
(2)
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.7
44.9
42.9
43.7
42.2
44.3
46.0
41.7
40.0
40.6
39.6
43.0
44.0
44.4
42.4
43.4
41.6
43.8
44.9
41.4
39.9
40.8
39.4
43.3
44.2
44.5
42.4
43.1
41.5
44.0
44.9
41.7
39.7
41.1
40.2
43.2
44.9
44.9
42.7
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.1
42.0
40.3
9.84
9.55
12.13
14.34
16.85
11.93
13.00
11.50
16.51
17.02
12.47
9.67
10.12
9.82
12.41
14.62
17.33
12.13
13.24
11.69
16.74
17.34
12.71
10.05
10.44
10.15
12.82
14.97
17.79
12.52
13.59
12.18
17.20
17.75
13.14
10.38
10.76
10.55
13.18
15.21
17.98
12.83
14.06
12.69
17.60
18.09
13.55
10.60
405.41
385.82
526.44
641.00
756.57
511.80
568.10
485.30
731.39
782.92
520.00
386.80
410.87
388.87
533.63
643.28
769.45
514.31
574.62
486.30
733.21
778.57
526.19
401.00
425.95
399.91
555.11
661.67
791.66
530.85
585.73
505.47
756.80
796.98
547.94
412.09
442.24
424.11
569.38
682.93
807.30
547.84
613.02
532.98
783.20
815.86
569.10
427.18
40.9
4.0
40.5
4.3
40.5
4.0
40.9
4.1
11.24
(2)
11.58
(2)
11.97
(2)
12.34
(2)
459.72
(2)
468.99
(2)
484.79
(2)
504.71
(2)
41.3
39.3
41.6
37.5
43.9
38.6
43.2
44.4
42.2
38.5
41.1
39.6
40.8
37.0
43.1
38.2
43.2
43.7
41.5
38.0
41.0
40.0
40.6
37.0
43.3
38.2
43.2
43.6
41.5
38.1
41.3
38.9
41.4
37.4
43.7
38.5
43.2
43.0
41.8
38.3
10.66
12.14
15.13
19.07
10.70
10.93
19.41
9.41
7.64
14.23
12.33
15.62
19.36
10.91
11.20
19.34
9.69
7.96
14.67
12.65
440.26
749.45
379.81
275.25
604.50
468.60
653.62
846.71
451.54
306.85
474.12
748.83
414.83
308.92
658.12
502.81
715.82
868.17
484.04
342.79
8.17
8.56
449.22
768.64
383.93
282.68
613.31
471.01
674.78
846.03
452.77
310.46
459.20
773.60
393.41
294.52
635.21
483.23
698.54
842.35
466.46
326.14
7.97
11.48
19.25
10.02
8.26
15.06
13.06
16.57
20.19
11.58
8.95
32.8
32.7
32.7
32.8
10.56
10.88
11.25
11.71
346.37
355.78
367.88
384.09
Transportation and public utilities
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
13.78
14.13
14.44
14.89
547.07
556.72
571.82
591.13
Wholesale trade
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.42
463.10
476.07
492.92
515.33
Retail trade
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03
Finance, insurance, and real estate
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
11.83
12.32
12.79
13.31
423.51
442.29
459.16
480.49
Services
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
Total private
Goods-producing
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
,
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and
services.
2
Not available.
19.07
9.13
7.34
13.77
16.17
19.32
11.24
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, ail
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
226
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay227
roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-
ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business\ Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and church- , are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
228
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on
their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had
jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
229
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class of
worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage
and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a
farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed
only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for ex230
ample: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons ^re
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their businesses were incorporated)
who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart
because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty
with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of
families exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other person
231
maintaining the family is either self-employed or in the
Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity priori tization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee
to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the
Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
232
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
233
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
234
sale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to
"transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and
industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based on
the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of
the new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were
the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "whole-
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
235
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on State population size as well as both national and
State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios
range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in every
3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the
State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in
10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a within-PSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3,000
for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
236
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the
particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area
blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-
nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 19943
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present
Households eligible
Number of sample
areas
Interviewed
68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800
1
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200
Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000
3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.
Not interviewed
237
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
238
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in 'The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1 .Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
239
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
293
312
145
216
235
161
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
194
206
97
164
174
113
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
219
224
91
165
171
105
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
97
96
62
95
95
81
138
140
66
101
105
76
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
78
71
43
69
72
50
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
98
97
44
73
74
51
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
40
35
32
42
37
37
130
134
63
91
107
73
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
Consecutivemonth change
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Monthly
level
Category
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
240
Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54
0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64
.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67
.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80
.38
.34
.45
.40
.49
.55
.58
.66
.73
.73
.87
.87
.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15
.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18
.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18
.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
f 120,000,000-116,150,000^
1,120,000,000-100,000,000 )K
_
.
J
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
241
Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000 ...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330
Black
13
18
39
55
76
Total or
white
Black
Hispanic
origin
12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228
13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101
13
19
42
59
82
113
Total
White
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159
Black
13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Estimated
monthly level
Agricultural
employment
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73
Black
12
17
37
52
72
Total or
white
Black
14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215
15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47
Hispanic
origin
16
22
50
69
95
127
242
Total
White
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
Black
10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
n labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79
10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.
sx = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.
Svn
-
2529.99 (32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
5,600,000
b = 2957.13
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.
Sx = 7(-0.000017962 )(6,000,000) + (2957.13)(6,000,000) =131,000
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
b = 4191.84
2690.59
(33)(100-33) = 1.0 percent
5,650,000
Sx = /(O-OOOO 93662 )(6,100,000)2 + (4191.84)(6,100,000) = 149,000
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
—
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2
a = -0.000093662
=
243
Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805
2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62
White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...
-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195
2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88
Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...
-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516
3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48
Hispanic origin
-.000206380
3895.71
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
.000005931
828.79
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19years
.000782035
.000858136
3048.57
2825.09
-.000024885
2582.39
Black
-.000134884
3154.76
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19years
Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
.011857446
2894.85
.015736341
1702.50
-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820
2957.13
3149.77
3576.47
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300
1
b = 3139.26
Excludes not-in-labor-force data.
S x = ^(-0.000125300 )(ll,600,000) 2 + (3139.26 )(11,600,000) = 140,000
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the' row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
244
Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1
-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162
2001.12
1564.84
2550.56
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387
1921.13
1500.99
2668.56
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000021229
-.000059785
1689.99
2690.59
Both sexes, 16to 19years
-.000186555
2616.54
Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000098960
-.001928030
2147.36
6513.82
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000234427
-.002881467
2280.03
5829.60
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000156363
-.002311407
Both sexes, 16to 19years
-.001288452
1860.78
5420.13
3131.77
-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038
2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42
-.000398909
-.000338741
3615.62
2569.69
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289
3838.04
3959.25
2367.00
Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000122355
-.019110769
2861.72
5876.77
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16to 19years
.002872129
.002884390
4640.81
4028.10
-.000245791
2091.57
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000093662
-.000071624
4191.84
5121.75
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000414217
.000048170
4361.16
3088.91
Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000252897
-.000996431
5054.25
7037.75
Hispanic origin:
"Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Self-employed
2
Unemployment:
1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.
2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
245
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
S x = ^(-O.OOOl 25300 )(11,400,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16to 19years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Parttime
246
Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: http:Wstats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-
graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-
sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
247
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig248
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
249
ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
250
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Monthly data
All employees
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers
Average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Average hourly earnings
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-
ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
251
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1986-96
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1996 is listed as 129,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1995 through March 1996. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari252
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1986-96
(In thousands)
Employment1
Revision2
Added3
Required4
Over-the-year
employment
change5
1986
1987
1988
1989
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
-400
21
149
98
114
131
116
99
88
123
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
85
61
33
83
63
12
22
107
171
187
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
135
1,983
Benchmark
Year
Average monthly bias
-310
-93
1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
115
144
129
2,940
3,445
course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
253
estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S t 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference
of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1996
Sample coverage1
Industry
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=
+ s^ - 2ps,
If Si = S2, then:
S change =
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process
Employees
Number of
establishments
Number
(thousands)
Percent
of
benchmarks
=
Total
S change
Benchmarks
(thousands)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local
117,952
327,799
44,496
38
566
4,952
18,366
3,172
26,429
58,259
237
978
8,968
42
20
49
16,432
25,768
63,150
2,358
1,153
4,959
38
18
24
24,268
78,057
2,200
8,286
32
24
2,770
3,987
8,600
100
84
70
6,159
6,396
21,023
6,815
33,881
2,770
4,750
12,274
2
3
5,335
7,098
19,831
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
254
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision1
March 1996
benchmark revision
Absolute
Level
Percent
Actual
57
0
(2)
Total private
72
.1
()
.3
Goods-producing
189
.8
-0.1
.8
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
3
3
-3
7
-1
.5
5.7
-3.1
2.2
-1.0
-1.2
-1.6
-1.1
-1.4
-.4
1.7
3.1
2.2
2.6
1.6
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
8
21
7
-19
.2
1.8
1.0
-.6
-.7
-.4
.2
-1.0
1.4
2.6
1.8
1.5
Manufacturing
178
1.0
.1
.7
92
.9
.1
.7
16
3
5
5
3
-3
26
4
1
-3
17
9
5
21
1
2.1
.6
.9
.7
1.2
-.2
1.2
1.1
.1
-.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.5
.3
.2
.3
.3
-.1
.4
-.1
(2)
-.5
-.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
2
2.0
1.7
1.1
.7
.9
1.3
.9
1.3
2.4
.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.4
86
1.1
(2)
.7
37
0
-10
17
4
10
11
3
13
0
2.2
0
-1.6
1.9
.6
.6
1.1
2.1
1.3
0
.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.4
-.3
-.1
-.5
.5
-.6
1.0
4.5
.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
1.6
1.5
2.5
-132
-.1
.1
.3
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
-74
-14
0
-13
-242
0
261
1
-21
-60
-50
-11
-1.2
-.4
0
-2.9
-15.2
0
23.9
6.7
-5.1
-2.7
-3.8
-1.2
-.3
-.4
-.9
.1
-1.6
.5
2.7
.6
-1.6
-.2
-.2
-.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
2.4
2.9
3.6
5.2
5.1
3.3
1.1
1.7
.8
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
-108
-66
-42
-1.7
-1.8
-1.6
-.4
-.5
-.3
1.3
1.5
1.1
"Total
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
See footnotes at end of table.
255
2
(2)
0.3
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1996
benchmark revision
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision1
Absolute
Level
Percent
Actual
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
111
-11
9
-6
7
-1
1
-4
9
79
20
.5
-1.3
.3
-.3
.2
(2)
.1
-.4
.9
1.1
.8
.5
.2
2.2
2.8
-.2
-1.1
-.5
1.1
-.4
.8
.3
.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.8
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.3
.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service ,
Real estate
-78
-25
-2
-5
3
2
0
9
-33
-44
-40
-4
-9
•1.1
-.8
-.1
-.3
1.1
.4
0
1.7
-15.9
-2.0
-2.7
-.6
-.7
-.4
-.8
-1.0
-.4
-4.2
.8
.9
.1
-4.1
.2
.2
.1
-.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
.7
6.4
2.0
4.9
1.3
5.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services 3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens .
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee
32
10
35
-1
84
2
1
-2
30
1
10
-4
-59
-84
11
-5
-38
8
-3
19
10
-4
8
0
45
-52
2
-38
1
.1
1.8
2.1
-.1
1.2
.2
(2)
-.1
2.5
.1
2.7
-.8
-4.4
-.9
.7
-.3
-1.0
1.2
-.3
.9
.4
-.7
1.2
0
2.1
-1.8
.2
-4.5
2.2
.1
2.3
.7
.6
.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
-.8
-1.0
-.7
-2
-.2
-.8
-1.2
-.7
-.8
1.0
-.4
1.1
-.7
-2.6
0
1.2
2.6
.2
-.5
1.3
.6
.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.6
3.6
2.7
2.9
1.4
4.7
4.3
3.3
.9
1.8
.9
.8
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.7
4.7
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.6
1.4
3.7
.8
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
-15
0
0
-23
-39
15
8
8
-1
-.1
0
0
-.5
-1.9
.6
.1
.1
(2)
(2)
0
0
.4
.5
.3
-.1
-.1
.4
.2
0
0
.5
1.0
.5
.3
.4
1
Data relate to the 1987-96 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.
3
4
256
Data relate to 1989-96.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3
1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6
3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1
based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5
.3
.2
.1
.5
.2
.1
1.0
.4
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.7
.4
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-
257
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry
Total
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
61,300
0
52,300
0
0
14,200
0
0
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
2,300
300
900
2,200
300
-0.1
0
-.1
-.1
0
.3
.4
.6
,5
.3
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
9,000
4,400
3,700
5,700
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.4
.1
Total private
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
10,200
6,700
1,300
1,300
1,100
1,400
1,300
1,800
2,600
1,400
2,400
1,300
4,300
3,700
1,800
1,700
1,200
5,500
3,300
500
1,100
2,500
1,200
1,700
1,800
1,000
1,600
700
57,600
9,200
8,100
2,200
3,500
5,400
1,500
2,500
200
1,200
4,600
4,500
1,600
.1
.2
.7
.5
.2
.7
.3
.8
.3
.1
.2
.1
7,700
4,400
4,800
.1
.1
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
.2
.8
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.5
.1
.4
258
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Mean percent revision
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Actual
Absolute
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
33,100
2,800
17,600
16,200
6,300
2,700
1,200
5,800
3,600
12,400
8,500
.1
0
.2
.2
.1
0
-.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.3
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1
.3
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
6,100
3,800
2,800
2,300
1,100
1,400
1,000
900
1,600
2,800
2,400
1,000
2,700
0
0
-.1
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
29,100
3,200
5,900
8,100
13,900
2,800
11,800
11,400
2,400
1,900
1,100
5,500
9,700
5,300
2,700
2,000
2,800
1,800
1,100
0
.2
.2
-.1
.1
0
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.3
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.3
0
.2
0
0
0
.1
A
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.8
.6
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.7
.2
.7
.2
.2
.3
.3
.8
Government
23,900
10,400
8,900
11,600
10,900
4,700
18,800
16,000
12,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
.3
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
Industry
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
13,200
7,900
4,800
1,300
700
3,800
4,900
2,400
3,100
400
2
1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.
-.1
0
0
0
0
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1992
through December 1996.
259
Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Estimates for States
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.
Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of.three components: A variable coefficient
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual aver-
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 270 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic
Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMA's,
counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.
The estimation methods are described below for States (and
the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At the
sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared
using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and
annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation
procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for
Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
260
age, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
261
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment
and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for
selected labor force series based on the experience through
December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6
months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Establishment data
In June 1997, with the release of the March 1996 benchmark revisions, BLS utilizes an updated version of the X-l2
ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of the Census to
seasonally adjust national establishment-based employment,
hours, and earnings series. The X-l2 ARIMA (first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-ll ARIMA, which had
been used to adjust these series since the early 1980's. All
national establishment-based series were revised back to
1988.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia262
tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and
dividing by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally
adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X - l l
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure, seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied independently
to the component employment and unemployment levels and
then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal
adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice
a year. Historical revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ
from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State
data.
263
INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State,
and area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, In the January, April, July, and October Issues. Annual averages:
Household data In the January Issue; national establishment data In the January, March, and June Issues; State and area establishment and labor force data In the May Issue. For additional Information see the listing on the Inside front cover of this
publication.
Monthly
Topic
Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)
Agricultural Industries
Seasonally
adjusted
B-9
A-1-3,6,10
Not
seasonally
adjusted
Not
D-1,4,8
D-11-14
D-4
D-4
D-13-14
A-21-25
A-20
B-11
A-34
B-2,15-18
Earnings, weekly
B-11
B-2,15,15a,
17-18
D-19-21
A-15
A-3-5,7
A-4
B-3-5,7
A-13-17,20
A-15
A-19; B-1214
A-17-19
A-13-16,18
Occupation
Race
A-6
A-4
Sex
A-2-7; B-4
A-13-18,20;
B-13
A-5
A-16,31
B-8-10
A-21-25; B-2,
15,18
A-6,10
A-1-3,6
A-26,32
A-35
A-14,20
A-5
B-5,8-9,11
A-34
A-16
B-12,15-18
B-7;C-1-2
B-14,18;C-3
A-3-5,8-9
A-13-16,26,
29-30,32
A-30-33
A-15
D-1-3,5
D-2
D-11-12,15
D-11-15
D-4
D-2
D-13-14
D-11,13,15
D-1-5
D-11-15
D-3
D-13-14
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory workers
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age
Duration
Hispanic origin
A-12
A-4
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race
A-10
A-10
A-4
Reason
A-11
A-2-5,8-9
Sex
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era
A-28,33
A-27,33
A-13-16,26,
29,32
A-29-30
A-13-16,2630,32
A-36
264
Annual
averages
seasonally
adjusted
A-14,19-20,
28,33
A-6
A-6
B-6
Full-time workers
Seasonally
adjusted
44-45
At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Educational attainment and school enrollment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Quarterly averages
D-4,8
D-1, 4
D-3
D-13-14
A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15.
17-18,26, 32
19-23
12-13,15-16
35
B-2,15-17;
50; 2
B-2,15,15a,
17; 37-39,
50; 2
7
3-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 1
9-13,17
3, 5, 7-8,1012,14,17-18
B-13; 2-18
8,12-13,30
A-1-2; B-1-2;
1-2
B-15; 19-23,
50; 2
33-34
24,31
36
A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
49-50
1-3
D-1-2,6-7
D-11-12,16
D-10
D-2
D-18
D-11-12,
16-18
D-8
D-8
D-2
D-11,16-20
D-9
D-1-2,6-7
D-17
D-11-12,16
D-22-23
3-8, 24,27,29,
33
29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3, 5, 7-8,24,
28,31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,
29,31,33-35
40-43
46-47
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office
Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Building
Rm E310
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327
REGION II-NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION Ill-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta. GA 30303
Phone: (404) 562-2463
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
Kansas City, MO 64105-2112
Phone:(816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 193766
San Francisco. CA 94119
Phone: (415)975-4384
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III
IV
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
BLS
Region
VIII
Department of Industrial Relations. Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg.. Montgomery 36130
VII
ALASKA
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX
ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
I
ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department.
P.O. Box 2981. Little Rock 72203-2981
II
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
VI
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
II
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
CONNECTICUT
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd.
IV
Wethersfield 06109
Department
of Labor, Office of Occupational
DELAWARE
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
VIII
Newark 19714-9029
V
Department
of Employment Services, Division
DIST. OF COL.
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
VI
DC 20001
FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
X
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
III
GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
II
HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
I
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
IV
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VIII
IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
IV
KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
VI
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VIII
LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III
MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
II
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Cente
@FedFRASER