Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 1989

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
In this issue:
1988 annual averages
Revised seasonally adjusted labor force series
Data on union affiliation




January 1989

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLaughlin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1988.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36

No. 1 January 1989

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Editors' Note
It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment factors
for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey)
to incorporate the experience in the most recent year. As a result of the recalculation of seasonal adjustment
factors, seasonally adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision. The data in tables A-l, 2, 3,
and 32-53 have been revised to reflect the updated seasonal adjustment factors. Revised monthly data covering
the 1984-88 revision period for a broader range of labor force series will appear in next month's issue.
The seasonal adjustment methodology is described in the article beginning on page 9 in this issue.
The article also gives the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian labor force
and other major series for January-June 1989.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1988
Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series

2
7
9

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

13
83
119

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

16
60

84
100
122
144
154

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Annual averages
Explanatory notes




43
50
96
141
150
160
233

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8
A- 9
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.,
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.

13

...

...

14
15
16
..
19
. . 20
21
23
.24
, 25

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
....
persons by occupation and sex
.
persons by industry and sex.
...
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment .. . .
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

..

26
27
.28
.29
30
30
31
32
33
33

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
.
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex . . .
...
..
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation . . . . . .
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status . . .
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.,

34
.35
36
37
38
38
39
39
40
41
42

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
.
.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
..
.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

43
44
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
49

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-42.
A-43.
A-44.
A-45.
A-46.
A-47.
A-48.
A-49.
A-50.
A-51.
A-52.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin,
seasonally adjusted
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

50
51
52
54
55
56
56
57
57
58
58

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-53.
A-54.
A-55.
A-56.
A-57.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted .
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason,
sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to
seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race .

59
.60
.61
. 62
, 63

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
A-58.
A-59.
A-60.
A-61.
A-62.
A-63.
A-64.
A-65.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and
economic categories
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin.

. 64
. 65
66
.67
68
68
69
, 69

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-66.
A-67.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin .

70
70

Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data
A-68.
A-69.
A-70.
A-71.
A-72.
A-73.
A-74.
A-75.

Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin .
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median
weekly earnings
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics .
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex .

71
72
, 73
74
75
76
77
78

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-76.
A-77.




Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban,
and rural areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
and Hispanic origin .

79
81

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
...
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
...
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted .

83
84
95
96
97
98
99

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry .

100

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
...
...
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted . . . . . . . . . . .
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted.

119
122
138
139
140
141
142
143

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.

144

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
....
...
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

150
151
152

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA




D- 1.

Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

154

ANNUAL AVERAGES—HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Employment Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1929 to date . . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin..
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.

160
161
162
165
166
167
169
170

Characteristics of the Unemployed
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and s e x . . .
...
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used..
...
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

171
172
173
174
175
175
176
177
178
179

Characteristics of the Employed
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
...
Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry, sex, and occupation .
Employed civilians by industry, race, and occupation.
...
Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race.
Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin . . . .
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status .
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry.
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status ..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or
part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.

180
181
182
183
189
190
191
192
193
194
198
198
199
199
200
201

Persons Not in the Labor Force
35.
36.
37.
38.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex . .
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age,
race, and Hispanic origin..
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race .

202
203
204
205

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
39.
40.
41.




Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin .

206
. 207
208

ANNUAL AVERAGES—HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Race and Hispanic Origin Data-Continued
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and
economic categories .
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin.

. 209
.210
.210
211
211

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
47.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age . . .

48.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin .

212
.213

Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data
49.

Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
...
50.
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
51.
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
....
52.
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and
Hispanic origin
...
53.
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings
54.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics .
55.
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
56.
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex .
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
57.
58.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan,
urban, and rural areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.
..
...
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
and Hispanic origin.

,214
215
216
217
. 218
.219
220
221

222
224

Union Affiliation Data
59.
60.
61.
62.

Employed wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, full- or part-time status,
and union affiliation . . . . . . . . . .
Employed wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation . . .
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin,
and union affiliation
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, industry,
and union affiliation .

225
226
227
228

ANNUAL AVERAGES—ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment-National
63.
64.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group.
.v .

229
230

Hours and Earnings-National




65.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .

231

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1988

The number of nonfarm payroll jobs continued to increase
in December and unemployment was about unchanged. Both
the overall and the civilian worker jobless rates were 5.3
percent in December.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
monthly survey of business establishments, rose by 280,000
in December to 107.7 million, seasonally adjusted. Total
civilian employment, as measured by the monthly survey of
households, was about unchanged at 116.0 million. Both
series had shown increases of about 400,000 in the prior
month.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons (6.6 million) and the
civilian worker unemployment rate (5.3 percent) were about
unchanged in December, after seasonal adjustment. Although
essentially unchanged over the month, both trended
downward during 1988. Most of the decline occurred early
in the year, but there was also a slight improvement in the
final quarter. (See tables A-33 and A-43.)
Jobless rates among the major worker groups—adult men
(4.7 percent), adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers (14.8
percent), whites (4.6 percent), blacks (11.6 percent), and
Hispanics (7.6 percent)—also showed little or no change over
the month. Nearly all exhibited some modest improvement
over the past year, however. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
Both the mean and median duration of unemployment were
about unchanged in December. Most of the decline of nearly
400,000 in unemployment over the past year occurred among
persons who were jobless for 15 weeks or longer. (See table
A-40.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment, at 116.0 million, was about
unchanged over the month, after seasonal adjustment. The
proportion of the civilian population with jobs (the
employment-population ratio) was 62.6 percent in December,
sustaining the record-high level set in the prior month. Over
the past year, civilian employment increased by 2.3 million,
with about two-thirds of the gain accounted for by adult
women and one-third by adult men. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force was 122.6 million in December,
essentially the same as in November, and the labor force
participation rate held steady at 66.1 percent. During the




course of 1988, the labor force expanded by 1.9 million. (See
table A-33.)
Discouraged workers
At 950,000 in the fourth quarter, the number of
discouraged workers—persons who report that they want to
work but are not looking for jobs because they believe they
cannot find any—was the same as in the third quarter and
has changed very little since early 1987. Just under two-thirds
of the discouraged total cited job-market conditions as their
reasons for not looking, while the remainder cited personal
factors (such as age or lack of education). Black workers
continued to make up a disproportionately large share of all
discouraged workers. (See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural employment rose by 280,000 in
December, after seasonal adjustment, to a level of 107.7
million. Most of the employment growth occurred in the
service-producing industries, but there was also a moderate
gain in manufacturing. (See table B-4.)
Employment in the services sector rose by 230,000, with
the growth concentrated in trade and the services industry.
Retail trade added 50,000 jobs, with nearly all of the increase
in general merchandise stores. Wholesale trade followed its
year-long pattern of consistent job growth, adding 25,000
workers to its payrolls. In the services industry, employment
rose by 125,000, with business services increasing by 45,000
and health services by 60,000. Over the year, health services
employment rose by nearly 500,000.
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing added
35,000 jobs, following much stronger increases in the
previous 2 months. The manufacturers of durable goods
accounted for nearly all of December's job gains, as most
of the component industries showed an increase. During the
course of 1988, manufacturing industries added 410,000
jobs, with the machinery industry alone accounting for about
30 percent of this increase. After a year of strong growth,
construction employment showed little change in December.
Mining employment, which was fairly weak in the last half
of the year, also changed little in December.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.1
hour in December, seasonally adjusted, to 34.7 hours. In
manufacturing, the workweek fell by 0.2 hour to a still high
41.0 hours, while overtime work was unchanged at 3.9
hours. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
at 127.1 (1977 = 100), was little changed in December, as
was the manufacturing index at 97.0. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers edged up by 0.2 percent in
December on a seasonally adjusted basis. Average weekly
earnings were virtually unchanged. Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings remained at $9.45, and




average weekly earnings rose by $1.89 to $329.81. (See
tables C-l and C-7.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 181.7 (1977 = 100)
in December, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.2 percent
from November. For the 12 months ended in December, the
increase was 3.4 percent. In dollars of constant purchasing
power, the HEI decreased 0.9 percent during the 12-month
period ending in November. The HEI is computed so as to
exclude the effects of two types of changes unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in
manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts.
(Beginning with data for January 1989, the Hourly Earnings
Index will no longer be published in this publication.) (See
table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

January

February 3

April

May 5

February

March 10

May

June 2

March

April 7

June

July 7

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted
Labor Force Series

*Robert J. Mclntire
As pointed out in the explanatory note on seasonal adjustment published at the back of each issue of Employment and
Earnings, the purpose of seasonal adjustment is to eliminate
from economic time series the influence of seasonal events
such as weather, holidays, opening and closing of schools,
etc., to make it easier to observe and analyze the cyclical
and other nonseasonal movements in the series. The seasonality which the adjustment process endeavors to eliminate
is measured by seasonal factors. The seasonal factors used
for current adjustment are estimates of how much the original unadjusted values can be expected to deviate from underlying trend-cycle levels due to annually recurring behavior
as projected from average seasonal patterns in the recent past.
However, even though seasonally involves regularly recurring patterns, it does tend to change over time, creating a
need for periodic reestimation of factors and revision of recently adjusted estimates. By including more recent data in
the estimation process, the revision process can provide better
estimates of how much the original, unadjusted estimates actually deviated from underlying trend-cycle levels during the
recent period, thereby improving the historical seasonally
adjusted data for that period. In addition, the new information is incorporated to produce the new projected factors to
be used for current seasonal adjustment.
Therefore, at the end of each calendar year, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics reestimates the seasonality of the unemployment, employment, and other labor force series derived
from the Current Population Survey by including another full
year of data in the estimation process. Based on this annual
reestimation, BLS issues the projected factors for the first 6
months of the new year as well as revised estimates of historical seasonally adjusted data for the last 5 years. Each year's
data are generally subject to five revision cycles before the
values are considered final. The fifth and final revisions in the
earliest of the 5 years are usually quite small, while the firsttime revisions in the most recent year are generally much more
substantial, although even these rarely alter the essential trends
observed in the initial major estimates. This year's revisions
incorporate data through December 1988 and provide revised
estimates for January 1984 through December 1988.
Several months of revised data for many of the major
seasonally adjusted labor force series have already been

* Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Data Development Staff in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau
of Labor Statistics.




published in The Employment Situation news release for
December 1988, issued January 6 (USDL 89-2). This issue
of Employment and Earnings contains revised data for the
last 13 months and quarters for many seasonally adjusted
labor force series, including those that appeared in the
release. Next month's issue will provide complete 1984-88
revisions for a few hundred of the seasonally adjusted monthly labor force series most in demand. These revisions replace
the data published in the February 1988 issue and in BLS
Bulletin 2306 for 1984-87 and the seasonally adjusted estimates for 1988 published during the past year. Seasonally
adjusted data for 1983 and earlier years were not revised.
Table 1 of this article contains the new projected seasonal
factors to be applied during the first 6 months of 1989 to
the 12 component series used in the computation of the
seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment
rate (see the section on aggregation procedures later in the
article). Projected factors for the last 6 months of 1989 will
be estimated in early July, based on data through June 1989,
and will be published in the July issue of this publication.

Effect of revisions
One of the criteria used to evaluate alternative methods
of seasonal adjustment is how close initial estimates are to
later revisions. Policymakers and analysts must make determinations based on current information, and so it is important that the initial estimates of current factors for the seasonal
adjustment of major economic series produce estimates of
level and change that are as close as possible to the improved
estimates that will be made after more data have become
available. Even though the revisions currently being released
for the 1988 seasonally adjusted data are not final, the first
revisions are, as mentioned above, usually the most substantial of the five that will be made and often indicate the direction any subsequent revisions will take. Therefore, it is
appropriate to compare these first revisions with the initial
estimates. Table 2 shows the overall and civilian unemployment rates for 1988 as first computed and as revised, as well
as the change due to revision. Both of the rates, rounded to
one decimal place as published, changed in only a few months
of the year, with the absolute effect of the changes never
exceeding 0.1 percentage point in any of those months. Compared to the initial estimates, the revised rates suggest slightly
smoother behavior for the rates during the year.

Table 1. Current seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major civilian labor force components, January-June 1989
January

Procedure and series

February

March

April

May

June

Multiplicative Adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and o v e r .
Men, 16 to 19 years . . .
Women, 16 to 19 years .

.902
.847
.545
.588

.890
.868
.624
.716

.935
.894
.738
.926

1.011
.976
1.043
.905

1.044
1.063
1.195
1.021

1.081
1.122
1.593
1.695

Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and o v e r .

.987
.997

.988
.997

.991
1.001

.994
1.001

1.000
.999

1.007
.993

Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.

1.186
1.044

1.174
1.039

1.123
.989

.996
.930

.926
.966

.963
.983

-297
-258

-313
-243

-320
-221

-263
-214

-114
-185

407
305

-5
-57

3
-34

-4
-50

-82
-52

-48
-3

188
245

Additive Adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years . . .
Women, 16 to 19 years .
Unemployment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19years ,

Table 2. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates In 1988 and change due to revision
As revised

As first computed
Month
iviunin
January. .
February .
March .
April .
May. .
June .
July . . . .
August
September
October...
November.
December

...

Change due to revision

Overall

Civilian

Overall

Civilian

Overall

Civilian

5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.3
15.3

5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
15.4

5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3

0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0
0
0
.1
0
0

0
0
0
0.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
-.1

1

These rates reflect the use of seasonal factors projected for December 1988
and published in the July 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings and were

subject to revision before regular publication of December data.

Adjustment methods and procedures

X-ll ARIMA method improves current estimates for most
series by allowing recent observations, especially the last 6
months, to weigh more heavily in the estimates of current
and recent seasonal factors than did the X-ll alone. The
method provides this improvement through the use of ARIMA
models to extend the data series by 12 months. The X-ll
algorithm for seasonal adjustment is then applied to the extended series.
ARIMA projections are based only on the past experience
observed in a series itself, ARIMA models have proved to
have good properties for short-term projection or extrapolation of a large class of time series, especially in a seasonal
adjustment context, since the extrapolations tend to track
intra-year movements quite well. The ARIMA models in the
X-ll ARIMA program used to seasonally adjust the labor

The official seasonal adjustment procedure for the labor
force series is the X-ll ARIMA program, which was developed at Statistics Canada during the 1970's as an extension
of and improvement to the widely used X-ll method developed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the 1960's.1 The

1
The primary documentation for the X-ll ARIMA procedure is in The
X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564 E, January 1983). (ARIMA is an acronym for Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average.) The X-ll method
is described in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, by Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and John Musgrave (Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census, 1967).

10




force series are of the Box-Jenkins type.2 They can generally
be described with the notation:

Table 3. ARIMA models used in end-of-1988 seasonal adjustment
for the 12 major civilian labor force components
Series

Model

Transformation

(p,d,q)(P,D,Q) TRANSFORMATION,
Where:
(1) p is the number of regular (nonseasonal)
autoregressive parameters
(2) d is the number of regular differences
(3) q is the number of regular moving average
parameters
(4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive
parameters
(5) D is the number of seasonal differences
(6) Q is the number of seasonal moving average
parameters
(7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE, LOG,
or POWER(n).
While the lettered elements within the parentheses of the
model specifications can theoretically take on many values,
in practice only small values are useful.
For each labor force series which has been extended based
on an ARIMA model, the model has been specifically chosen
as well suited to the particular series, based on a set of established criteria. The criteria essentially require a model
to: (1) fit the series well, (2) have low average forecasting
errors in the last 3 years prior to the projected year, and (3)
produce residuals (the differences between the observed
values and the values forecast by the model for the observed
period) which follow a random pattern. Acceptable ARIMA
models have been identified and were used for 178 of the
209 labor force series which were directly adjusted at the
end of 1988, including all 12 major civilian labor force components, whose ARIMA models are shown in table 3. The
models for two of those major components—unemployment
for men 16 to 19 years and agricultural employment for
women 20 years and over—are different from those used last
year. The 31 remaining series for which acceptable models
have not been identified were simply run through the X-ll
part of the program without any ARIMA extrapolations.
The procedures used for adjusting the labor force series
within the X-ll part of the process were the same as those
followed last year. A 10-year time period, including data
from January 1979 through December 1988, was used for
the adjustment of all the labor force series, except those relating to the Hispanic-origin population, for which data from
January 1980 forward were used.
The X-ll method of seasonal adjustment contained in the
X-ll ARIMA procedure assumes that the original series,
2

For a more detailed discussion of ARIMA models, refer to previously
cited Dagum (1983) and to G.E.P. Box and G.M. Jenkins, Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control (San Francisco, Holden Day, 1970); and
C.W.J. Granger and P. Newbold, Forecasting Economic Time Series (New
York, Academic Press, 1977).




Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Men, 16 to 19 years . . .
Women, 16 to 19 years.

(1,0,0)
(1,0,0)
(0,1,2)
(0,1,1)

(0,1,1)
(0,2,2)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Men, 16 to 19 years . . .
Women, 16 to 19 years.

(0,1,2)
(0,1,1)
(2,1,0)
(0,1,1)

(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Men, 16 to 19 years . . .
Women, 16 to 19 years

(2,1,2)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,2)
(0,1,2)

(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

LOG
LOG
NONE

LOG

LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE

NONE

LOG
NONE
NONE

including the 12 extrapolated observations if an ARIMA model
has been applied, is either the product or the sum of three
components—trend-cycle, seasonal, and irregular. The
method uses either a ratio-to- or difference-from-movingaverage approach to estimate the components, depending on
whether the multiplicative or additive model is used. The
seasonally adjusted series values are computed by dividing
each month's original value by the corresponding seasonal
factor if the multiplicative model is used, or by subtracting
the factor if the additive model is used. Of the 12 major
civilian labor force components, the 4 teenage unemployment and nonagricultural employment series were adjusted
using the additive model, and the other 8 series with the multiplicative model. Of all the 209 directly adjusted series, 46
were adjusted with the additive model, primarily those involving teenage employment and unemployment, for which
the seasonal component seems to be fairly independent of
the trend-cycle.
Current official practice for the labor force series involves
the running of all 209 directly adjusted series through X-ll
ARIMA twice each year, after receipt of June and December
data, with 6 months of projected factors drawn from each
run and historical revisions drawn from the end-of-year run.
This practice allows, among other things, the prior publication of seasonal factors, which historically has been regarded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other statistical
agencies as an important way of ensuring the openness of
their seasonal adjustment procedures, especially where very
sensitive indicators such as the unemployment rate have been
involved. Within recent years, a number of research studies,
including a 1987 paper on the labor force series,3 have indicated that the alternative practice of concurrent adjustment,
where the seasonal adjustment prodecure is run with all available data each month and factors cannot be published ahead
3

G.R. Methee and RJ. Mclntire, "An Evaluation of Concurrent Seasonal
Adjustment for the Major Labor Force Series," in the 1987 Proceedings
of the Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical
Association; copies of a more complete version of the paper can be
obtained directly from the authors at the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

11

of time, generally produces initial seasonally adjusted
estimates requiring smaller revisions than those produced by
adjustment using projected factors. The Bureau of Labor
Statistics is continuing to evaluate concurrent adjustment for
the labor force series, and concurrently adjusted alternative
estimates for major labor force series are available to
interested users upon request.
Aggregation procedures
BLS maintains and publishes several hundred seasonally
adjusted labor force series in addition to the 209 directly adjusted series discussed above. The additional series are
produced by arithmetically combining or aggregating the
directly adjusted series with each other or, in some cases,
with series on population or resident Armed Forces levels,
which are not seasonally adjusted because they are not considered to have any significant seasonal variation. For example, the seasonally adjusted levels of total unemployment,
civilian employment, and civilian labor force, and the
seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for all civilian workers, are all produced by aggregation of some or all of the
seasonally adjusted results for the 12 major civilian labor
force components. The seasonally adjusted level of total unemployment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of
unemployment for the four age-sex groups—men and women
16 to 19, and men and women 20 years and over. Seasonally adjusted civilian employment is the sum of the seasonally
adjusted levels of employment for the eight employment
components—the same four age-sex groups as noted above
employed in nonagricultural and agricultural industries. The
seasonally adjusted civilian labor force is the sum of all 12
components. The seasonally adjusted civilian unemployment
rate is calculated by taking the total seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of the total seasonally adjusted
civilian labor force. For the overall labor force, the resident
Armed Forces level is added to the seasonally adjusted
civilian labor force, and the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate is, of course, calculated by taking total
seasonally adjusted unemployment as a percent of that labor
force figure.
The principal reason for producing many of the major

12




seasonally adjusted estimates for the labor force by aggregation rather than by direct adjustment is that this approach
ensures that the major seasonally adjusted totals will be arithmetically consistent with at least one major set of components. If the totals were directly adjusted along with the
components, such consistency would not, in all likelihood,
occur, since the X-ll is not a sum-preserving procedure;
that is, the sum of the result for two or more directly adjusted series will not generally be the same as the result of directly adjusting the sum of the unadjusted versions of the same
series. Another factor is that it would generally be inappropriate to apply seasonal factors computed for an aggregate series to the components of the aggregate. The various labor
force components tend to have significantly different patterns
of seasonal variation; for example, teenage unemployment
tends to peak in June, while unemployment of adult men tends
to peak in the winter months of January and February. In
order to properly estimate these varying seasonal patterns,
it is necessary to directly adjust the components. Of course,
one of the implications of producing seasonally adjusted estimates for many major series by aggregation is that exact
factors cannot be projected for those series. However, implicit seasonal factors can be calculated after the fact by taking the ratio of the unadjusted aggregate to the seasonally
adjusted aggregate, or, for additive implicit factors, the
difference between those two aggregates.

Availability of revised series
As indicated above, much of the revised seasonally adjusted data is being published in this and next month's issues of Employment and Earnings. Additional data for any
of the several hundred seasonally adjusted labor force series, as well as the January-June 1989 factors for any of the
directly adjusted series beyond the 12 major components,
can be obtained from BLS upon request. Requests for data
or inquiries concerning seasonal adjustment methodology or
the availability of machine-readable files of labor force data
should be addressed to the Data Development Staff, Office
of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
1972'
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978'
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
December

185,370

122,451

66.1

115,490

1,750

113,740

3,212

110,528

6,961

5.7

62,919

1988:
January ....
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December

185,571
185,705
185,847
185,964
186,088
186,247
186,402
186,522
186,666
186,801
186,949
187,098

122,784
122,901
122,672
123,060
122,917
123,209
123,331
123,692
123,688
123,778
124,215
124,259

66.2
66.2
66.0
66.2
66.1
66.2
66.2
66.3
66.3
66.3
66.4
66.4

115,804
116,009
115,865
116,392
116,117
116,686
116,707
116,895
117,074
117,260
117,652
117,705

1,749
1,736
1,736
1,732
1,714
1,685
1,673
1,692
1,704
1,687
1,705
1,696

114,055
114,273
114,129
114,660
114,403
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

3,256
3,200
3,181
3,187
3,110
3,121
3,060
3,142
3,176
3,238
3,238
3,193

110,799
111,073
110,948
111,473
111,293
111,880
111,974
112,061
112,194
112,335
112,709
112,816

6,980
6,892
6,807
6,668
6,800
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

62,787
62,804
63,175
62,904
63,171
63,038
63,071
62,830
62,978
63,023
62,734
62,839

' Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household survey data shown in tables A1,2,3 and 32-53 have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. Data for 1984-88 are subject to revision. See the article
in this issue for additional information.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1

1978
1979

78,107
79,509

61,151
62,215

78.3
78.2

58,010
59,096

1,531
1,489

56,479
57,607

2,718
2,686

53,761
54,921

3,142
3,120

5.1
5.0

16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
December

88,924

68,058

1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

89,033
89,099
89,168
89,225
89,287
89,367
89,445
89,504
89,577
89,637
89,716
89,792

68,219
68,289
68,194
68,462
68,409
68,436
68,461
68,685
68,604
68,569
68,686
68,638

76.6
76.6
76.5
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.5
76.7
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.4

64,281

1,589

62,692

2,524

60,168

3,777

64,420
64,587
64,417
64,866
64,672
64,894
64,941
64,931
65,015
64,976
65,074
65,055

1,588
1,577
1,573
1,569
1,553
1,523
1,512
1,529
1,540
1,526
1,542
1,534

62,832
63,010
62,844
63,297
63,119
63,371
63,429
63,402
63,475
63,450
63,532
63,521

2,565
2,505
2,479
2,476
2,452
2,448
2,475
2,491
2,488
2,544
2,533
2,477

60,267
60,505
60,365
60,821
60,667
60,923
60,954
60,911
60,987
60,906
60,999
61,044

3,799
3,702
3,777
3,596
3,737
3,542
3,520
3,754
3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583

5.6
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2

20,814
20,810
20,974
20,763
20,878
20,931
20,984
20,819
20,973
21,068
21,030
21,154

20,866

Annual averages
WOMEN
1

1978
1979

85,434
86,951

42,731
44,343

50.0
51.0

39,669
41,325

100
108

39,569
41,217

669
661

38,900
40,556

3,061
3,018

7.2
6.8

42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3.046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42.014

50,360

3,184

5.9

42,053

50,532
50,568
50,583
50,652
50,626
50,957
51,020
51,150
51,207
51,429
51,710
51,772

3,181
3,190
3,030
3,072
3,063
2,981
3,104
3,043
3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971

5.8
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3

41,973
41,994
42,201
42,141
42,293
42,107
42,087
42,011
42,005
41,955
41,705
41,685

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
December

96,446

54,393

56.4

51,209

1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

96,538
96,606
96,679
96,739
96,801
96,880
96,957
97,018
97,089
97,164
97,234
97,306

54,565
54,612
54,478
54,598
54,508
54,773
54,870
55,007
55,084
55,209
55,529
55,621

56.5
56.5
56.3
56.4
56.3
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8
57.1
57.2

51,384
51,422
51,448
51,526
51,445
51,792
51,766
51,964
52,059
52,284
52,578
52,650

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
' The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

14




51,048

161
159
163
163
161
162
161
163
164
161
163
162

51,223
51,263
51,285
51,363
51,284
51,630
51,605
51,801
51,895
52,123
52,415
52,488

691
695
702
711
658
673
585
651
688
694
705
716

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

1960'
1961
1962'
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
t 2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971
1972'
1973'
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978'
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986'
1987
1988

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1987:
December

183,620

120,701

65.7

113,740

6,961

5.8

5.7

5.9

1988:
January
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

183,822
183,969
184,111
184,232
184,374
184,562
184,729
184,830
184,962
185,114
185,244
185,402

121,035
121,165
120,936
121,328
121,203
121,524
121,658
122,000
121,984
122,091
122,510
122,563

65.8
65.9
65.7
65.9
65.7
65.8
65.9
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.1
66.1

114,055
114,273
114,129
114,660
114,403
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

6,980
6,892
6,807
6,668
6,800
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3

5.7
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3

5.8
5.9
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
?
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1988. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninsti"
tutionai
population

Total

185,402
14,447
7,107
7,341
18,220
102,311
42,687
21,185
21,502
35,286
19,027
16,259
24,337
13,150
11,187
21,549
10,740
10,809
28,875
9,907
7,710
11,258

122,120
7,542
2,982
4,560
14,072
85,195
35,695
17,774
17,922
30,005
16,200
13,805
19,495
11,013
8,481
11,958
7,184
4,774
3,354
2,059
857
438

Percent
of
population

Employed

65.9
52.2
42.0
62.1
77.2
83.3
83.6
83.9
83.4
85.0
85.1
84.9
80.1
83.7
75.8
55.5
66.9
44.2
11.6
20.8
11.1
3.9

115,978
6,519
2,534
3,985
12,961
81,645
33,938
16,758
17,179
28,892
15,550
13,343
18,815
10,639
8,176
11,589
6,964
4,625
3,264
2,001
826
438

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

6,142
1,023
448
575
1,110
3,551
1,758
1,015
742
1,113
651
463
680
374
305
369
219
149
90
58
31

63,282
6,906
4,125
2,781
4,149
17,114
6,992
3,411
3,581
5,281
2,828
2,454
4,842
2,137
2,705
9,591
3,557
6,035
25,521
7,848
6,855
10,818

27,553
432
84
348
1,417
11,697
4,914
2,300
2,613
3,674
1,973
1,692
3,109
1,396
1,714
4,771
2,019
2,752
9,236
2,943
2,589
3,704

9,356
6,058
3,896
2,162
2,049
1,208
808
509
299
297
189
108
103
67
36
29
19
11
12
2

5.3
15.2
17.5
13.8
8.4
4.3
4.9
5.9
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.7
4.5
.1

21,630
3,422
2,144
1,278
1,536
3,327
1,211
661
550
1,002
528
475
1,114
462
652
3,346
1,061
2,285
9,999
3,310
2,806
3,883

553
8
1
7
15
234
92
51
41
85
51
34
56
25
32
89
42
47
207
67
58
82

4.7
11.9
12.6
11.3
7.3
3.9
4.9
5.5
4.3
3.5
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.4
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.1
-

41,652
3,484
1,981
1,503
2,613
13,787
5,781
2,750
3,031
4,279
2,300
1,979
3,728
1,675
2,053
6,245
2,496
3,749
15,522
4,538
4,049
6,935

27,000
424
83
341
1,402
11,463
4,821
2,249
2,572
3,590
1,932
1,658
3,053
1,371
1,682
4,682
1,977
2,705
9,028
2,876
2,531
3,622

5.0
13.6
15.0
12.6
7.9
4.2
4.9
5.7
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.7
2.8
3.6

3,170
24
14
10
92
1,206
286
105
180
393
173
221
528
224
304
700
342
358
1,147
273
232
642

23,203
392
131
261
590
3,003
985
497
488
917
482
435
1,102
450
652
4,091
1,178
2,914
15,126
4,630
4,032
6,464

4,804
3,175
2,066
1,109
1,130
489
371
255
116
86
61
24
33
22
11
6
4
1
4
2
2

1,734
18
12
6
64
760
182
74
108
263
112
151
315
140
175
442
221
222
449
140
104
204

14,539
221
65
156
326
1,844
565
280
285
569
303
266
710
275
435
2,809
794
2,016
9,339
3,101
2,641
3,597

4,552
2,883
1,830
1,053
919
719
437
254
183
212
128
84
70
45
25
24
14
9
8

1,435
5
2
4
28
446
103
31
72
130
61
70
213
84
129
258
121
137
699
133
128
438

8,664
172
66
105
264
1,159
420
217
203
348
179
169
392
175
217
1,282
384
898
5,787
1,529
1,391
2,867

2
8

"
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

88,258
7,257
3,622
3,635
8,830
50,045
20,987
10,404
10,583
17,260
9,338
7,921
11,798
6,387
5,411
10,141
5,121
5,020
11,986
4,497
3,334
4,155

66,627
3,835
1,478
2,357
7,294
46,716
19,776
9,743
10,033
16,257
8,811
7,447
10,683
5,925
4,758
6,794
4,060
2,735
1,987
1,187
529
271

75.5
52.9
40.8
64.8
82.6
93.3
94.2
93.7
94.8
94.2
94.4
94.0
90.6
92.8
87.9
67.0
79.3
54.5
16.6
26.4
15.9
6.5

63,111
3,252
1,220
2,032
6,681
44,686
18,806
9,172
9,633
15,628
8,457
7,171
10,252
5,694
4,558
6,562
3,915
2,647
1,931
1,155
505
271

3,517
583
258
325
614
2,032
970
571
399
630
354
276
432
231
200
233
144
88
56
32
24
"

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

16




97,144
7,190
3,485
3,706
9,390
52,266
21,700
10,781
10,919
18,027
9,689
8,338
12,539
6,763
5,776
11,408
5,620
5,788
16,889
5,410
4,376
7,103

55,493
3,706
1,504
2,203
6,778
38,478
15,919
8,031
7,889
13,748
7,389
6,358
8,811
5,088
3,723
5,163
3,124
2,039
1,367
872
328
167

57.1
51.5
43.2
59.4
72.2
73.6
73.4
74.5
72.2
76.3
76.3
76.3
70.3
75.2
64.5
45.3
55.6
35.2
8.1
16.1
7.5
2.4

52,867
3,267
1,314
1,953
6,281
36,959
15,132
7,586
7,546
13,265
7,093
6,172
8,563
4,945
3,618
5,027
3,049
1,978
1,333
846
321
167

2,625
440
190
250
497
1,519
787
444
343
483
297
187
249
143
105
136
75
61
34
26
7

8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Percent
Employed
Number

population

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....

158,705
11,722
5,718
6,004
15,063
87,097
35,921
17,791
18,131
30,222
16,182
14,040
20,955
11,337
9,617
18,868
9,343
9,525
25,954
8,824
6,966
10,164

104,972
6,494
2,614
3,880
11,844
73,059
30,245
15,012
15,232
25,870
13,868
12,002
16,946
9,589
7,357
10,568
6,321
4,248
3,006
1,843
771
392

66.1
55.4
45.7
64.6
78.6
83.9
84.2
84.4
84.0
85.6
85.7
85.5
80.9
84.6
76.5
56.0
67.7
44.6
11.6
20.9
11.1
3.9

100,423
5,739
2,275
3,464
11,063
70,418
29,005
14,294
14,710
25,007
13,377
11,630
16,406
9,294
7,113
10,268
6,137
4,131
2,935
1,794
749
392

4,549
755
339
416
781
2,642
1,239
718
522
863
490
372
539
295
244
300
184
117
71
49
22

4.3
11.6
13.0
10.7
6.6
3.6
4.1
4.8
3.4
3.3
5.8
3.1
3.2
3.1
4.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.9

53,733
5,227
3,104
2,124
3,219
14,038
5,676
2,778
2,898
4,352
2,315
2,037
4,009
1,748
2,261
8,300
3,022
5,278
22,948
6,980
6,195
9,773

24,035
323
71
252
1,088
9,985
4,147
1,943
2,204
3,164
1,717
1,467
2,674
1,181
1,503
4,202
1,772
2,430
8,437
2,648
2,384
3,406

7,176
4,595
2,915
1,680
1,655
891
580
371
208
237
147
90
74
51
21
24
16
8
12
2
2
8

2,409
18
10
8
58
879
219
87
132
301
130
171
360
167
192
524
248
276
930
208
182
541

20,113
292
108
184
418
2,284
731
377
354
650
339
310
902
356
546
3,551
987
2,563
13,569
4,124
3,625
5,819

76,125
5,912
2,925
2,987
7,369
43,110
17,893
8,833
9,060
14,952
8,034
6,918
10,265
5,570
4,695
8,949
4,484
4,464
10,787
4,028
3,016
3,742

58,047
3,316
1,308
2,009
6,151
40,673
17,015
8,326
14,256
7,678
6,578
9,403
5,212
4,191
6,097
3,614
2,483
1,809
1,078
485
246

76.3
56.1
44.7
67.2
83.5
94.3
95.1
94.3
95.9
95.3
95.6
95.1
91.6
93.6
89.3
68.1
80.6
55.6
16.8
26.8
16.1
6.6

55,338
2,871
1,101
1,770
5,688
39,104
16,293
7,894
8,399
13,757
7,406
6,351
9,054
5,028
4,027
5,907
3,496
2,412
1,767
1,052
469
246

2,709
445
206
239
463
1,569
721
432
290
499
272
227
348
184
164
190
118
72
42
26
16

4.7
13.4
15.8
11.9
7.5
3.9
4.2
5.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.3
2.4
3.3

18,078
2,596
1,617
979
1,218
2,436
878
507
371
695
356
339
863
358
504
2,851
870
1,981
8,978
2,950
2,532
3,496

428
6
1
5
12
154
53
33
20
57
36
22
43
20
24
81
37
44
175
53
47
76

3,701
2,412
1,551
862
943
337
254
186
68
60
40
20
23
17
5
4
3
1
4
2
2

1,337
13
8
5
42
569
146
61
85
202
87
115
222
107
115
333
165
168
380
118
84
179

12,613
165
57
108
221
1,376
425
227
198
376
193
182
575
214
361
2,434
665
1,769
8,417
2,778
2,398
3,241

82,580
5,810
2,793
3,016
7,695
43,987
18,028
8,958
9,071
15,270
8,148
7,122
10,689
5,767
4,922
9,920
4,859
5,061
15,167
4,796
3,950
6,422

46,925
3,178
1,307
1,871
5,693
32,386
13,230
6,686
6,543
11,614
6,190
5,424
7,543
4.377
3,166
4,471
2,707
1,764
1,197
765
286
146

56.8
54.7
46.8
62.0
74.0
73.6
73.4
74.6
72.1
76.1
76.0
76.2
70.6
75.9
64.3
45.1
55.7
34.9
7.9
16.0
7.2
2.3

45,085
2,868
1,173
1,694
5,375
31,314
12,712
6,400
6,311
11,250
5,971
5,279
7,352
4,266
3,086
4,361
2,641
1,719
1,168
742
280
146

1,840
310
133
177
319
1,073
518
286
232
363
218
145
191
111
80
110
65
45
29
23

3.9
9.8
10.2
9.5
5.6
3.3
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.1

35,654
2,632
1,486
1,145
2,001
11,602
4,799
2,271
2,527
3,657
1,959
1,698
3,147
1,390
1,757
5,449
2,152
3,297
13,970
4,030
3,663
6,277

23,607
317
70
247
1,076
9,831
4,093
1,910
2,184
3,107
1,663
1,444
2,631
1,154
1,478
4,121
1,735
2,386
8,261
2,595
2,337
3,330

3,475
2,183
1,365
818
712
554
326
185
140
177
107
70
51
34
16
20
12
7
8

1,072
5
2
4
16
310
73
26
47
99
43
56
138
60
77
191
83
108
550
90
98
362

7,499
126
50
76
197
908
306
150
156
275
146
128
327
142
185
1,117
322
795
5,151
1,346
1,227
2,578

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ..
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....




8

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

December 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian

Unemployed

noninsir

tutional
population

Not in labor force

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

20,842
2,180
1,115
1,064
2,504
11,615
5,269
2,673
2,596
3,793
2,156
1,637
2,553
1,359
1,195
2,115
1,101
1,014
2,428

890
1,537

13,367

846
290
555
1,825
9,322
4,319
2,205
2,115
3,110
1,788
1,321
1,893
1,053

839
1,091

680
412
283
169
113

'64.1
38.8
26.0
52.2
72.9
80.3
82.0
82.5
81.5
82.0
82.9
80.7
74.1
77,5
70.2
51.6
61.7
40.6
11.6
19.0

7.4

11,938

606
197
409
1,535
8,503
3,840
1,929
1,910

2 £95
1,650
1,246
1,768

965
784
1,029

646
383
264
161
104

1,428

240
93
147
290
818
479
275
204
215
140
75
124
68
57
62
34
28
19
9
10

2,661

10.7
28.3
32.0
26.4
15.9

7,475
1,334

825
509
679

93
12
81
272

8.8

2,294

1,211

11.1
12.5

950
469
482
683
367
316
661
306
355

538
272
267
350
195
155
323
167
156
422
171
251
663
230
433

9.6
6.9
7.8
5.7
6.6
6.5
6.8
5.7
5.0
6.9
6.6
5.3
8.8

1,024

421
602
2,145

721
1,424

1,561
1,147

786
360
232
179
131
74
56
31
18
14
17
7
10
3
2
1

-

691
6
4
1
29
293
67
18
48
80
38
42
146
50
96
164
87
77
199
64
135

2,564

353
6
4
1
23
163
37
13
23
50
20
30
76
27

1,598

49
99
51
49
62
22
39

64
309
107
201
760
279
481

338
_

966
42
15
26
61
213
98
56
42
59
26
33
56
28
29
126
54
72
524
149

89
22
66
145
611
214
105
110
222
116
107
175
82
93
435
161
273
1,284

428
856

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

9,360
1,077

562
514
1,140
5,208
2,384
1,209
1,175
1,690

962
729
1,134

604
530

6,580

434
145
289
930
4,538
2,154
1,112
1,042
1,454

837
617
929
518

954
498
455
981
389
591

411
540
335
205
139
83
55

11,482
1,103
553
550
1,364
6,407
2,885
1,464
1,421
2,103
1,194
908
1,419
755
665
1,161
602
559
1,447
501
946

6,787
412
146
266
895
4,784
2,166
1,093
1,073
1,656
951
704
963
535
428
551
345
207
144
86
58

70.3
40.3
25.8
56.3
81.6
87.1
90.3
91.9
88.7
86.0
87.1
84.6
82.0
85.8
77.6

56.6
67.2
45.0
14.1
21.4
9.3

716
130
47
83
135
398
221
126

10.9
30.0
32.3
28.8
14.5

1,348

94
106

768
581
858
480
378
501
310

70
36
72
38
34
39
25

9.0
7.3
8.3
5.9
7.7
7.4
8.2
7.3
7.4

190
125
78
47

14
14
6
8

7.1
9.9
6.6

6,075
302
99
203
740
4,364
1,907
944
962
1,547
882
665
911
505
406
529
336
193
139
83
57

712
109
46
63
155
420
259
149
110
109
70
39
53
30
23
23
9
14

10.5
26.6
31.8
23.7
17.3

5,863

304
98
206
795
4,139
1,933

985
948

8.8
10.2
11.4

O

2,779

642
417
225
210
672
231
98
133
236
124
112
205
86
119
414
163

82
1
_
1

2
52
29
11
19

15
6
9
8
4
4
6
5

251
842
306
536

1
21
5
16

4,696
692
408
284
469
1,622
720
371
349
447
243
204
456
220
236
609
258
352
1,303
415
888

2,578
92
12
80
270
1,159
509
261
248
335
189
146
315
163
152
416
166
250
642
225
417

746
588
405
182
100
58
48
25
23
8
8

2
1
1

-

47
7
40
84
398
116
49
68
163
90
74
119

54

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

18




59.1
37.4
26.3
48.4
65.6
74.7
75.1
74.7
75.5
78.7
79.7
77.5
67.9
70.9
64.4
47.5
57.2

37.0
9.9
17.1
6.1

5
3
2

8.8
12.0
13.6
10.3

6.6

7.3
5.5
5.5
5.6

5.3
4.1
2.6
6.7
3.3
3.7

O

814
559
381
178
132
121
83
49
33
23
10
14
15
6
9
3

2
1

6
130
30

5
25
30
18
12
70
23
47
65
36
28
137
42
96

375

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

1,593
267
109
159
329
909
518
298
221
250
159
91
141
80
61
68
36
33
19
9
10

9.3
25.5
29.5
23.4
14.8
7.5
9.5
10.8
15.6
6.0
6.8
5.0
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.1
6.2
5.4
4.2
11.6

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ...
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

26,697
2,725
1,389
1,337
3,157
15,213
6,766
3,394
3,371
5,064
2,846
2,220
3,382
1,813
1,570
2,681
1,397
1,283
2,921
1,083
746
1,093

17,148
1,047
367
680
2,227
12,135

5,451
2,762
1,417
4,135
2,333
1,802
2,549
1,424
1,126

1,390
863
526
348
216
86
46

64.2
38.4
26.5
50.8
70.6
79.8
80.6
81.4
42.0
81.7
82.0
81.2
75.4
78.5
71.7
51.8
61.8
41.0
11.9
19.9
11.5
4.2

15,555
780
259

521
1,898

11,226
4,933
2,464
2,468
3,885
2,173

1,713
2,408
1,344
1,063
1,321
827
494
329
207
77
46

174
3
3
21
115
41
19
22
31
13
17
44
15
29
25
13
12
10
2

15,380

in
259
518
1,878
11,111
4,892
2,445
2,446
3,854
2,160
1,695
2,364
1,330
1,034
1,296
815
481
319
205
68
46

0

9,549
1,678
1,021
657
930
3,076
1,315
632
683
929
513
416
833
389
444
1,291
534
757
2,573
867
660
1,046

Men
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12,132
1,345
697
647
1,461
6,935

3,094
1,571

1,523
2,308
1,305
1,004
1,533
817

716
1,192
636
556
1,199

469
318
413

8,580

519
171
348
1,143
6,043
2,761
1,418
1,344
2,001
1,133
868
1,281
713
568
697
446
252
178
109
44
25

70.7
38.6
24.5
53.8
78.2
87.1
89.2
90.2
88.2
86.7
86.9
86.5
83.6
87.3
79.3
58.5
70.0
45.3
14.8
23.2
13.8
6.1

7,773
381
119
262
992
5,581

2,512
1,278
1,234

1,871
1,052
820

1,197
666
531
655
420
235
164
103
36
25

151
2
2
19
100
32
13
19
26
10
16
42
14
28
19
7
12
10
2
9

7,622
379
119
260
973
5,481
2,480
1,265
1,215
1,845
1,042
803
1,156
652
503
636
412
223
154
101
27
25

808
138
52
86
151
462
249
140
110
130
81
49
83
47
36
43
26
17
14
6

7,758
398
140
258
905
5,630
2,411
1,180
1,231
2,010
1,118
892
1,209
678
531
660
402
258
165
104
41
21

785
129
57
73
178
447
269
158
111
120
78
42
58
33
25
26
10
16
5
3
2

9.4
26.6
30.4
24.7
13.2
7.6
9.0
9.8
8.2
6.5
7.2
5.6
6.5
6.6
6.4
6.1
5.8
6.6
7.8
5.4
(')

O

3,552
826
527
299
318
891
333
153
180
307
172
135
252
104
148
495
191
304
1,021
360
275
387

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

14,564

1,381
691
689
1,696
8,278
3,672

1,823
1,848
2,756
1,541

1,216
1,850
996
854
1,488

761
727
1,722
614
428
680

8,567
528
197

331
1,084

6,092
2,689
1,344
1,345
2,134
1,200

934
1,269
711
558
692
418
275
170
107
42
21

58.8
38.3
28.5
48.1
63.9
73.6
73.2
73.7
72.8
77.4
77.9
76.9
68.6
71.4
65.3
46.5
54.9
37.8
9.9
17.4
9.8
3.1

7,782
399
140
259
906
5,645
2,420
1,186
1,234
2,014
1,121

893
1,211
678
532
666
408
259
165
104
41
21

23
1
1
2
15

9.2
24.5
28.8
22.0
16.4
7.3
10.0
11.8
8.2
5.6
6.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.5
3.7
2.3
5.9
2.8
3.0

5,997
852
495
358
611
2,185
982
479
503
622
341
281
581
285
296
796
344
453
1,552
507
385
659

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

183,620
120,206
65.5
113,679
2,874
110,805
6,526
5.4
63,414

185,402
122,120
65.9
115,978
2,870
113,108
6,142
5.0
63,282

80,002
62,075
77.6
59,035
2,121
56,914
3,040
4.9
17,927

81,001
62,792
77.5
59,858
2,120
57,738
2,934
4.7
18,209

89,010
50,492
56.7
48,146
578
47,568
2,346
4.6
38,518

89,954
51,786
57.6
49,601
589
49,012
2,186
4.2
38,168

14,609
7,639
52.3
6,498
175
6,323
1,141
14.9
6,970

14,447
7,542
52.2
6,519
161
6,358
1,023
13.6
6,906

157,552
103,443
65.7
98,639
2,691
95,948
4,804
4.6
54,109

158,705
104,972
66.1
100,423
2,696
97,727
4,549
4.3
53,733

69,504
54,197
78.0
51,873
1,963
49,910
2,323
4.3
15,308

70,213
54,731
77.9
52,466
1,971
50,495
2,264
4.1
15,483

76,145
42,659
56.0
41,004
558
40,447
1,655
3.9
33,486

76,770
43,748
57.0
42,218
566
41,652
1,530
3.5
33,023

11,903
6,587
55.3
5,761
170
5,592
826
12.5
5,316

11,722
6,494
55.4
5,739
159
5,581
755
11.6
5,227

20,508
13,127
64.0
11,631
150
11,481
1,496
11.4
7,381

20,842
13,367
64.1
11,938
135
11,803
1,428
10.7
7,475

8,133
6,026
74.1
5,430
129
5,302
595
9.9
2,107

8,283
6,146
74.2
5,559
119
5,441
586
9.5
2,137

10,206
6,241
61.2
5,626
17
5,608
615
9.9
3,965

10,379
6,375
61.4
5,773
16
5,756
602
9.4
4,004

2,169
860
39.6
575
4
570
285
33.2
1,309

2,180
846
38.8
606

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

20




607
240
28.3
1,334

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Ci\/ilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time'

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,720
10,824
4,896

7,675
4,828
2,847

48.8
44.6
58.1

7,027
4,319
2,707

1,241
378
863

5,786
3,941
1,845

649
509
140

111
64
47

537
445
92

8.4
10.5
4.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,917
7,803
6,744
1,059

3,376
4,299
3,338
961

42.6
55.1
49.5
90.7

2,943
4,084
3,150
934

197
1,043
416
628

2,746
3,040
2,734
306

433
215
188
27

52
60
45
14

382
155
143
13

12.8
5.0
5.6
2.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,984
5,473
2,511

3,719
2,339
1,380

46.6
42.7
55.0

3,361
2,056
1,305

627
209
417

2,735
1,847
888

358
283
75

61
38
24

296
245
51

9.6
12.1
5.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,208
3,777
3,337
440

1,746
1,974
1,567
407

41.5
52.3
47.0
92.5

1,501
1,861
1,466
394

137
489
222
267

1,364
1,371
1,244
127

245
113
101
13

29
32
25
7

216
81
75
6

14.0
5.7
6.4
3.1

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,736
5,351
2,385

3,956
2,489
1,467

51.1
46.5
61.5

3,665
2,263
1,402

614
169
445

3,051
2,094
957

291
226
65

50
26
23

241
200
41

7.4
9.1
4.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,710
4,026
3,407
619

1,631
2,325
1,771
554

44.0
57.7
52.0
89.4

1,442
2,223
1,684
539

60
554
193
361

1,382
1,669
1,491
178

189
102
87
15

22
27
20
7

166
75
67
7

11.6
4.4
4.9
2.6

12,864
8,740
4,125

6,643
4,184
2,459

51.6
47.9
59.6

6,160
3,812
2,348

1,084
335
749

5,076
3,477
1,599

482
371
111

78
47
30

405
324
81

7.3
8.9
4.5

Men
Women

6,547
6,317

3,211
3,431

49.0
54.3

2,931
3,229

534
550

2,397
2,679

280
202

46
32

234
171

8.7
5.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,223
6,641
5,712
929

2,890
3,752
2,887
865

46.4
56.5
50.5
93.1

2,579
3,582
2,740
842

172
912
354
558

2,407
2,670
2,386
284

312
171
147
23

38
40
28
12

274
131
119
12

10.8
4.5
5.1
2.7

2,104
1,619
485

748
494
254

35.5
30.5
52.3

610
377
233

113
31
82

497
346
151

138
117
21

19
10
9

119
107
12

18.4
23.7
8.2

Men
Women

1,049
1,055

377
371

35.9
35.1

308
302

70
43

238
259

69
69

8
10

61
58

18.3
18.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,334
770
692
78

380
368
313
55

28.5
47.8
45.2
70.6

272
337
286
52

21
92
51
41

251
246
235
11

108
30
27
3

7
12
9
3

101
18
18

28.3
8.2
8.7

1,126
823
303

451
258
193

40.1
31.4
63.6

390
201
189

116
22
94

274
179
95

61
57
4

15
11
4

47
46

13.6
22.1
2.1

Men
Women

556
570

241
210

43.3
36.9

202
188

64
52

138
136

39
22

6
9

3o
14

16.2
10.6

High school ..
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

657
468
338
130

186
265
144
120

28.3
56.6
42.7
92.3

139
251
135
116

20
95
19
76

118
156
116
40

47
14
9
5

11
4

36
10
9
1

25.4
5.3
6.4
3.9

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

4

See footnotes at end of table.




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time'

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
16,947
3,623
13,324

13,938
2,714
11,225

82.2
74.9
84.2

12,454
2,200
10,254

10,731
1,675
9,056

1,723
525
1,198

1,484
514
970

1,328
430
898

156
84
72

10.6
18.9
8.6

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,125
8,744
2,608
1,471

2,704
7,420
2,409
1,406

65.6
84.9
92.4
95.6

2,095
6,696
2,295
1,368

1,673
5,794
1,999
1,265

422
902
296
103

609
724
114
38

540
650
103
35

68
74
11
3

22.5
9.8
4.7
2.7

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,102
1,784
6,318

7,410
1,496
5,914

91.5
83.9
93.6

6,571
1,196
5,375

5,931
964
4,968

640
232
408

839
300
538

778
260
519

60
41
20

11.3
20.1
9.1

2,187

1,780
3,921
1,104
605

81.4
94.5
96.4
97.6

1,399
3,534
1,049
589

1,191
3,232
946
563

208
303
103
26

381
386
55
16

352
362
48
16

29
24
8

21.4
9.9
5.0
2.7

8,845
1,839
7,006

6,528
1,217
5,311

73.8
66.2
75.8

5,883
1,004
4,879

4,799
712
4,088

1,083
292
791

646
214
432

550
170
379

96
43
53

9.9
17.5
8.1

1,937
4,594
1,462

924
3,499
1,305

851

801

47.7
76.2
89.2
94.1

696
3,161
1,246
779

482
2,562
1,053
702

214
600
193
77

228
337
59
22

188
288
55
19

40
50
4
3

24.7
9.6
4.5
2.7

13,921
2,982
10,939

11,696
2,311
9,385

84.0
77.5
85.8

10,642
1,927
8,715

9,222
1,475
7,747

1,420
452
968

1,054
384
670

947
327
619

107
57
51

9.0
16.6
7.1

Men
Women

6,734
7,187

6,256
5,440

92.9
75.7

5,629
5,013

5,084
4,138

545
876

628
427

595
352

33
75

10.0
7.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,306
7,167
2,158
1,290

2,250
6,181
2,020
1,245

68.1
86.2
93.6
96.5

1,814
5,673
1,944
1,211

1,471
4,916
1,719
1,116

344
757
225
95

436
508
76
35

395
453
67
32

41
55
9
3

19.4
8.2
3.7
2.8

2,580

1,923
352
1,571

74.5
62.8
77.8

1,532
229
1,302

1,261
165
1,096

270
64
206

392
123
269

343
96
248

48
27
22

20.4
34.8
17.1

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,150
1,145
619

White
Total, 16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

561
2,019

Men
Women

1,167
1,413

987
936

84.6
66.3

791
741

705
556

86
185

196
195

169
174

27
21

19.9
20.9

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

718
1,367
396
99

391
1,092
345

54.5
79.9
87.1
95.8

225
899
313
95

164
762
247
89

61
138
66
6

167
193
32

139
174
30

28
19
1

42.6
17.7
9.2
.1

1,419
308
1,111

1,220
244
976

200
65
135

147
78
70

129
64
65

19
14
5

9.4
20.1
5.9

95

Hispanic origin

2,113
546
1,567

1,567
386
1,181

74.1
70.7
75.3

Men
Women

1,124
989

1,022
545

90.9
55.1

923
497

829
391

93
106

99
48

90
38

9
10

9.7
8.9

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,096

724
625
183
35

66.0
80.2
93.0

631
576
181
32

542
499
150
29

89
77
31
2

93
49
2
4

78
47

14
3
2

12.8
7.9
1.1

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

779
197
41

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

22




college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,863
6,083
813
2,402
2,868
1,780

7,903
5,729
592
1,969
3,168
2,174

7,242
5,786
766
2,304
2,716
1,456

7,248
5,424
559
1,882
2,983
1,824

6,902
5,481
687
2,185
2,609
1,421

6,961
5,212
525
1,796
2,891
1,749

340
305
79
119
107
35

287
212
34
86
92
75

4.7
5.3
10.3
5.2
3.9
2.4

4.0
3.9
6.1
4.6
3.1
4.1

19,908
8,974
6,501
4,433

20,885
9,221
7,077
4,587

18,727
8,487
6,113
4,127

19,692
8,732
6,655
4,305

17,943
8,091
5,886
3,966

18,916
8,390
6,397
4,129

784
396
227
161

776
342
258
176

4.2
4.7
3.7
3.9

3.9
3.9
3.9
4.1

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
December 1988
Employed

Unemployed

Full time

Part time

Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

95,261
2,054
187
1,867
93,207
9,919
83,288
72,159
11,129

93,381
1,964
174
1,790
91,417
9,646
81,771
70,811
10,960

1,880
90
13
77
1,790
273
1,517
1,348
169

20,717
4,465
2,347
2,118
16,251
3,043
13,208
9,485
3,723

17,358
4,087
2,267
1,820
13,270
2,474
10,796
7,445
3,351

3,359
378
80
298
2,981
569
2,412
2,040
372

5,008
494
102
391
4,514
945
3,569
3,215
354

1,134
529
346
183
606
165
441
336
105

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

56,378
1,173
55,205
5,386
49,821
42,855
6,966

55,235
1,119
54,116
5,218
48,899
42,033
6,866

1,143
54
1,089
168
922
822
100

6,732
2,079
4,652
1,295
3,358
1,831
1,527

5,408
1,878
3,529
1,050
2,480
1,097
1,383

1,324
201
1,123
245
878
734
144

3,023
297
2,726
542
2,184
1,950
234

494
286
208
71
136
82
55

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

38,883
881
38,002
4,533
33,467
29,304
4,164

38,146
845
37,301
4,428
32,872
28,778
4,094

737
36
701
105
595
526
70

13,985
2,386
11,598
1,748
9,851
7,655
2,196

11,950
2,209
9,741
1,425
8,317
6,349
1,968

2,035
177
1,857
323
1,534
1,306
228

1,985
196
1,788
403
1,385
1,265
120

641
243
397
94
304
254
50

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

49,484
1,034
48,450
4,584
43,866
37,601
6,265

48,522
994
47,528
4,447
43,081
36,905
6,176

962
40
922
137
785
696
89

5,853
1,837
4,017
1,105
2,911
1,502
1,409

4,795
1,663
3,133
907
2,226
939
1,287

1,058
174
884
198
685
563
122

2,337
236
2,100
404
1,696
1,507
189

372
209
164
58
106
62
44

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

32,754
775
31,979
3,912
28,066
24,476
3,590

32,154
743
31,411
3,824
27,587
24,050
3,537

600
32
568
88
479
426
53

12,331
2,092
10,238
1,463
8,777
6,837
1,938

10,719
1,937
8,782
1,221
7,562
5,815
1,746

1,612
155
1,456
242
1,215
1,022
192

1,342
138
1,204
245
959
860
98

498
172
326
73
253
212
41

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,212
113
5,100
662
4,438
3,905
533

5,068
103
4,966
631
4,335
3,812
523

144
10
134
31
103
93
10

651
191
459
132
326
234
92

414
169
245
87
157
85
72

237
22
214
45
169
149
20

597
56
541
121
419
378
41

120
74
46
14
32
20
12

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,807
82
4,724
516
4,208
3,749
458

4,701
78
4,622
503
4,120
3,671
449

106
4
102
13
88
78
9

1,268
220
1,048
224
825
615
210

910
200
710
149
562
380
182

358
20
338
75
263
235
28

588
49
539
135
404
383
21

124
61
63
19
44
37
7

White

Black

24

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

December 1988
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

98,312

66.2

93,356

4,956

5.0

50,251

22,495

8,497

2,293

16,966

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,701
25,982
847
12,872

78.1
91.8
93.3
59.5

38,466
25,292
703
12,471

1,236
689
144
402

3.1
2.7
17.0
3.1

11,154
2,332
61
8,762

237
99
1
137

246
129
116

888
322
13
553

9,784
1,781
47
7,956

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,221
25,995
834
2,392

57.5
67.6
67.5
21.4

28,314
25,292
689
2,332

908
703
144
61

3.1
2.7
17.3
2.5

21,634
12,471
402
8,762

17,658
11,123
356
6,179

441
342
18
81

392
180
7
206

3,143
826
21
2,296

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,822
4,806
4,534
3,481

61.9
51.5
74.5
65.6

11,629
4,285
4,151
3,193

1,192
521
383
288

9.3
10.8
8.5
8.3

7,905
4,530
1,553
1,822

715
84
138
493

5,595
4,252
1,201
142

301
10
37
254

1,294
183
177
934

Women who maintain families

6,961

62.7

6,435

526

7.6

4,135

2,833

195

206

901

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,714
1,431
1,574
2,709

60.2
47.5
75.9
61.6

4,921
1,125
1,358
2,438

793
306
216
271

13.9
21.4
13.7
10.0

3,771
1,580
501
1,690

679
89
84
506

1,658
1,335
261
62

342
11
34
297

1,093
144
122
827

Men who maintain families

2,118

76.5

2,000

119

5.6

651

51

35

80

487

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,775
329
486
958

63.9
54.1
78.2
62.0

1,591
268
440
883

183
61
47
75

10.3
18.5
9.6
7.8

1,001
278
136
587

322
8
41
273

327
244
61
22

84
2
2
80

268
24
32
212

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

3,517
1,343
463
1,711

5.6
3.5
7.4
10.1

2,709
1,124
349

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,711
1,482
477
1,752

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,826
1,234

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

750
193

716

79
478

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Thousands of
persons

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

5.3
3.2
6.9
9.5

2,816
1,169
619

4.9
3.3
7.3
8.3

Unemployment
rates

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

1,027

2,625
1,004
591
1,030

5.2
3.9
5.8
7.4

4.7
3.3
5.4
7.3

4.7
3.0
6.3
8.3

1,978
958
436
583

1,840
838
394
608

4.3
3.6
5.1
5.3

3.9
3.1
4.5
5.4

92
439

11.6
5.9
8.7
20.8

10.9
6.0
9.8
17.2

746
163
171
413

712
143
183
386

11.2
6.6
9.3
17.6

10.5
5.9
9.0
16.5

2,409
1,333
454
622

2,320
1,242
450
628

4.4
3.3
7.3
7.6

4.2
3.1
6.9
7.2

1,854
956
562
338

1,689
822
550
316

4.3
3.5
5.5
5.7

3.8
2.9
5.2
5.0

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,894
1,102
369
422

1,801

1,027
339
435

4.0
3.1
7.1
6.3

3.7
2.8
6.3
6.1

1,350
788
397
165

1,211
683
366
162

3.7
3.3
4.9
3.7

3.2
2.7
4.4
3.4

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

438
179
78
181

451
183
91
177

8.6
5.8
8.7
16.1

8.7
6.2
9.9

446
130
152
164

448
125
172
152

8.4
5.7
8.6
13.0

8.2
5.6
8.8
11.8

26




391
1,201

1,236
186

13.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

IJnemployment rates
Men

Total

Total

Women

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

6,142

5.4

5.0

5.6

5.3

5.2

4.7

605
342
263

503
308
195

2.1
2.5
1.7

1.7
2.1
1.2

2.1
2.4
1.8

1.7
2.0
1.3

2.0
2.6
1.6

1.6
2.3
1.2

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,329
93
564
671

1,321
89
597
635

3.6
2.7
3.9
3.5

3.5
2.4
4.0
3.4

2.9
2.1
2.7
3.7

3.2
2.5
3.2
3.5

3.9
3.3
5.1
3.4

3.7
2.3
4.8
3.3

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,146
60
76
1,011

1,042
60
79
903

7.0
6.1
3.7
7.5

6.2
5.8
4.0
6.6

6.8

6.4

0

0

4.2
7.2

7.1
6.0
9.2
7.2

6.1
5.5
3.0
6.3

738
172
406
160

756
175
403
178

5.2
3.8
7.5
3.8

5.3
3.9
7.3
4.1

5.3
3.8
7.3
4.0

5.2
3.8
7.2
3.8

4.1
3.1
13.9
3.1

6.0
4.7
13.3
5.2

1,667
683
380
604
193
411

1,600
684
285
631
218
413

8.7
7.9
7.5
11.0
19.7
9.2

8.2
7.6
5.5
11.8
23.4
9.4

8.7
7.4
7.5
11.4
18.9
9.4

8.2
6.6
5.9
12.4
22.6
9.8

8.5
8.4
7.5
9.3
(')
8.1

8.4
9.0
1.9
9.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing

286

243

8.7

7.5

9.0

7.4

7.4

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

727
486
112
129

639
436
105
98

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

6,526

2.8
8.2

0

7.8

7.9

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

6,142

5.4

5.0

5.6

5.3

5.2

4.7

4,901

4,725

5.4

5.2

5.7

5.4

5.2

4.8

68
679

54
678

7.9
11.1

7.4
10.8

8.3
11.5

7.9
11.0

6.2
7.2

4.6
8.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,081
598
47

1,121
634
46
37
41
49
68
89
143
84
58
21
26
487
153
32
96
32
70
38
36
29

5.0
4.7
6.8
6.1
4.2
4.6
6.2
3.8
3.8
5.7
6.3
5.3
2.8
2.7
5.5
7.0
6.5
8.8
3.6
3.9
3.6
4.7
5.6

5.1
4.9
5.9
5.7
6.5
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
5.5
6.4
4.5
2.8
5.1
5.4
7.9
4.7
7.3
4.3
3.8
3.0
4.0
7.4

4.6
4.6
7.0
7.0
4.3
4.4
6.4
3.4
2.7
5.4
6.2
4.6
2.9
3.0
4.5
6.9
3.8
7.8
3.6
3.3
2.6
4.7
3.5

4.6
4.5
5.6
5.6
6.0
5.9
4.8
3.8
3.7
4.4
5.2
3.6
2.8
2.8
4.9
6.8
6.2
5.8
2.8
5.0
2.8
4.0
6.6

6.0
5.1
5.7
4.3
3.6
6.0
5.7
5.1
5.3
7.1
6.3
7.9
2.6
2.4
6.8
7.2
8.9
9.1
3.6
4.6
6.1
4.7
9.4

6.0
6.2
7.5
6.1
8.7
1.7
5.6
6.5
5.0
9.5
10.6
8.4
2.9
7.5
5.9
10.0
3.1
7.9
9.2
2.5
3.3
4.0
8.6

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

279
229
50
1,311
158
1,253
468
785

228
185
43
1,362
232
1,130
211
1,070
346
724

4.3
6.2
1.8
5.7
3.7
6.1
3.1
5.1
3.4
7.3

3.6
4.8
1.7
5.8
5.2
5.9
2.9
4.3
2.4
6.6

4.5
6.4
1.4
5.5
3.9
6.1
3.5
5.2
2.9
7.0

3.9
5.2
1.4
5.6
5.3
5.7
3.3
4.4
2.1
6.2

3.9
5.5
2.5
5.8
3.3
6.1
2.9
5.0
3.6
7.5

2.9
3.7
2.1
6.0
5.1
6.1
2.6
4.2
2.6
7.0

222
676
727

176
602
639

13.6
2.4

10.4
2.1

14.4
2.5

10.2
2.3

11.0
2.3

11.4
2.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

28




Dec.
1988

6,526

Women

Dec.
1987

Total, 16 years and over

Dec.
1987

Men

39
27
38
87
93
80
154
79
76

18
15
483
124
51

107
25
73
48
36
20

1,153
230

115

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Dec.
1987

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

6,526
3,206
909
2,297
856
1,738
727

6,142
3,078
866
2,212
903
1,523
638

3,040
2,068
585
1,483
370
521
81

2,934
1,958
582
1,376
430
466
80

2,346
956
290
ODD
357
873
160

2,186
909
244
665
331
823
122

1,141
181
34
147
129
345
486

100.0
49.1
13.9
35.2
13.1
26.6
11.1

100.0
50.1
14.1
36.0
14.7
24.8
10.4

100.0
68.0
19.2
48.8
12.2
17.1
2.7

100.0
66.8
19.9
46.9
14.6
15.9
2.7

100.0
40.8
12.4
28.4
15.2
37.2
6.8

100.0
41.6
11.2
30.4
15.2
37.7
5.6

3.3
.6

3.1
.7
.7
.1

1.9
.7
1.7
.3

1.8
.6
1.6
.2

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

White

Black

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

1,023
211
39
172
142
234
435

4,804
2,427
788
1,639
682
1,208
487

4,549
2,315
708
1,607
716
1,082
436

1,496
665
99
566
153
454
224

1,428
692
130
562
162
385
189

100.0
15.9
3.0
12.9
11.3
30.2
42.6

100.0
20.7
3.8
16.9
13.9
22.9
42.6

100.0
50.5
16.4
34.1
14.2
25.1
10.1

100.0
50.9
15.6
35.3
15.7
23.8
9.6

100.0
44.4
6.6
37.8
10.2
30.3
15.0

100.0
48.4
9.1
39.3
11.4
26.9
13.3

2.4
1.7
4.5
6.4

2.8
1.9
3.1
5.8

2.2
.7
1.0
.4

5.1
1.2
3.5
1.7

5.2
1.2
2.9
1.4

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants




2.7
.7
1.4
.6

2.5
.7
1.2
.5

2.4
.7
1.2
.5

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
December 1988
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

1£> weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

6,142

100.0

44.0

3,078
866
2,212
903
1,523
638

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,934

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

33.3

22.7

11.4

11.3

39.0
53.5
33.3
49.5
47.1
52.7

35.4
32.4
36.6
32.2
31.3
29.6

25.6
14.1
30.1
18.3
21.6
17.8

12.0
7.9
13.6
10.5
10.9
10.9

13.6
6.2
16.5
7.8
10.7
6.9

100.0

38.8

33.7

27.6

11.3

16.3

1,958
582
1,376
430
466
80

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.7
53.1
31.1
46.6
36.2
38.8

34.8
31.1
36.3
30.1
31.6
37.7

27.6
15.8
32.5
23.3
32.2
23.5

11.2
8.3
12.4
11.5
10.8
15.1

16.4
7.5
20.1
11.8
21.4
8.4

2,186

100.0

44.0

35.1

20.9

12.6

8.2

909
244
665
331
823
122

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

36.3
49.9
31.2
47.4
50.7
47.7

38.5
38.5
38.5
36.4
31.9
28.5

25.3
11.6
30.3
16.3
17.4
23.8

14.8
7.4
17.6
10.6
11.8
7.2

10.4
4.2
12.7
5.7
5.6
16.7

1,023

100.0

58.8

28.3

12.8

9.1

3.7

211
39
172
142
234
435

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

63.1

27.9

9.0

7.5

0

0

O

O

59.0
63.0
56.4
56.6

30.8
29.1
28.4
28.4

8.1
7.4
7.7
11.2

10.2
7.9
15.2
15.0

1.5

0

2.1
.4
7.5
3.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
....
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

...

Averaae (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks

30




Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

6,526

6,142

100.0

100.0

5,233

5,008

100.0

100.0

2,871
1,991
1,448
543
1,665
813
851
283
568

2,701
2,045
1,469
577
1,396
701
696
252
444

44.0
30.5
22.2
8.3
25.5
12.5
13.0
4.3
8.7

44.0
33.3
23.9
9.4
22.7
11.4
11.3
4.1
7.2

2,143
1,641
1,184
458
1,449
683
766
245
522

2,040
1,707
1,208
498
1,261
611
649
237
412

41.0
31.4
22.6
8.8
27.7
13.1
14.6
4.7
10.0

40.7
34.1
24.1
9.9
25.2
12.2
13.0
4.7
8.2

14.6
6.3

13.2
6.1

15.9
7.0

14.4
6.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

December 1988

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,142
1,023
1,110
1,758
1,113
680
369
90

2,701
601
580
732
424
197
146
20

2,045
290
329
613
419
257
99
38

701
93
137
193
130
88
44
14

696
38
65
220
139
138
79
17

13.2
7.6
10.1
13.2
14.9
19.1
19.7
22.2

6.1
4.3
4.8
6.5
6.9
9.3
7.5
11.3

44.0
54.1
49.2
42.6
38.6
36.6
35.6
39.9

44.0
58.8
52.2
41.7
38.1
28.9
39.7
22.6

25.5
17.3
19.1
24.9
33.0
33.0
33.7
40.5

22.7
12.8
18.2
23.5
24.2
33.3
33.5
34.6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,517
583
614
970
630
432
233
56

1,495
357
334
378
215
113
86
11

1,132
145
157
351
251
138
68
22

385
54
79
87
74
57
25
9

505
27
44
155
89
124
53
14

14.9
8.1
10.8
14.5
16.2
23.8
21.7

6.4
4.1
4.6
6.8
7.5
11.6
8.2
O

42.6
52.4
46.7
41.0
39.3
36.4
30.0

42.5
61.3
54.4
38.9
34.2
26.2
36.8
O

26.9
15.7
21.7
27.1
35.3
33.7
37.3
O

25.3
13.9
20.0
24.9
25.9
41.8
33.7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,625
440
497
787
483
249
136
34

1,206
244
246
354
209
84
61
9

913
145
172
262
168
119
30
16

316
40
58
106
56
32
19
5

190
11
21
65
50
14
26
3

10.9
7.0
9.3
11.6
13.2
11.1
16.3

45.8
56.6
52.4
44.6
37.8
36.9
43.6

45.9
55.5
49.5
45.0
43.2
33.7
44.5

23.6
19.6
15.7
21.9
30.2
31.9
28.7

O

5.8
4.5
5.1
6.0
6.3
6.7
6.3
O

19.3
11.4
15.9
21.7
22.0
18.5
33.2
O

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,549
2,709
1,840

2,066
1,201
865

1,472
842
630

514
284
230

497
381
116

13.0
14.7
10.4

5.9
6.1
5.6

45.1
44.4
46.1

45.4
44.3
47.0

24.1
25.6
22.0

22.2
24.6
18.8

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,428
716
712

563
257
306

519
258
260

163
87
76

183
114
69

14.0
15.6
12.5

7.0
7.9
6.3

40.8
37.3
44.5

39.4
35.8
43.1

29.5
31.3
27.6

24.3
28.2
20.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,343
463
1,711

449
174
871

484
168
480

152
51
182

258
70
177

18.4
15.4
12.0

8.4
6.7
4.9

39.4
40.1
46.0

33.5
37.6
50.9

31.2
31.9
21.9

30.5
26.1
21.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,004
591
1,030

466
223
517

326
228
360

141
76
99

71
65
54

10.6
13.4
9.9

5.7
6.9
5.0

44.5
41.0
50.1

46.4
37.8
50.2

20.7
30.2
23.0

21.2
23.7
14.9

O

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Less
Occupation and industry

Total

than
5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

December 1988

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Dec.
1987

Dec. Dec. Dec.
1988 1987 1988

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

503
1,321
1,042
756
1,600
243

188
564
514
325
667
89

170
459
337
235
540
100

82
171
93
90
165
26

63
127
99
107
228
28

14.7
12.3
12.0
14.3
14.9
13.3

7.5
6.3
5.2
6.5
6.3
7.0

42.4
42.3
42.4
47.0
43.5
46.5

37.4
42.7
49.3
42.9
41.7
36.7

23.6
27.1
24.5
25.2
26.8
20.2

28.8
22.5
18.4
26.0
24.6
22.4

176
698
1,122
635
487
255
1,365
1,498
173

68
346
396
226
170
92
623
667
58

78
225
400
203
197
82
430
522
61

16
65
157
95
61
34
149
162
27

14
62
169
110
59
48
163
147
28

9.8
11.6
15.8
16.6
14.8
17.0
13.8
12.2
16.4

6.2
5.1
8.2
8.9
7.6
8.4
5.9
6.0
10.2

48.4
46.1
41.8
39.8
44.2
46.2
41.8
44.8
30.4

38.7
49.6
35.3
35.6
34.9
35.9
45.7
44.5
33.3

19.5
21.2
32.2
34.2
29.8
22.6
25.1
23.4
34.9

16.9
18.2
29.0
32.4
24.7
32.0
22.8
20.6
31.8

639

337

189

70

44

10.7

4.7

49.1

52.8

24.5

17.7

INDUSTRY'
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.

32




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
December 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

or
relatives

Friends
Othor

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 tc 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,142
1,023
1,110
1,758
1,113
680
369
90

5,168
961
955
1,447
900
551
274
81

20.3
8.5
23.7
21.3
23.4
28.9
17.2
19.8

6.5
2.5
6.4
6.2
9.2
11.3
4.7
6.2

74.8
86.2
71.8
71.9
73.6
71.1
73.0
72.8

33.5
19.4
35.9
37.7
40.8
32.5
33.2
25.9

18.2
14.8
20.2
19.1
18.3
18.1
16.8
23.5

5.3
2.8
5.9
5.0
5.4
8.3
5.1
11.1

1.59
1.34
1.64
1.61
1.71
1.70
1.50
1.59

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,517
583
614
970
630
432
233
56

2,836
540
505
737
490
340
170
53

20.9
8.5
25.1
22.5
22.9
30.6
15.3

6.2
2.6
6.3
5.0
9.8
10.0
4.1

75.8
85.9
72.5
72.0
76.3
72.9
77.1

30.6
20.2
32.1
31.9
40.6
30.3
29.4

21.5
16.7
24.4
27.7
19.0
21.2
10.6

5.5
1.7
5.0
3.9
8.0
11.8
4.1

1.61
1.36
1.65
1.63
1.77
1.77
1.41

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,625
440
497
787
483
249
136
34

2,332
421
450
709
409
210
104
28

19.6
8.6
22.0
20.0
24.2
26.7
20.2

73.6
86.5
71.1
71.8
70.4
69.0
67.3

37.0
18.5
40.2
44.0
41.1
36.2
39.4

14.2
12.4
15.6
10.4
17.6
13.3
26.9

5.0
4.3
6.9
6.1
2.4
2.9
5.8

1.56
1.32
1.62
1.60
1.64
1.61
1.64

0

6.9
2.1
6.7
7.3
8.6
13.3
4.8
(')

0

0

0

0

0

White, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

4,549
2,709
1,840

3,764
2,135
1,629

20.2
20.8
19.5

7.1
7.0
7.3

74.5
75.6
73.1

35.2
32.6
38.7

17.8
20.2
14.5

5.2
6.3
3.8

1.60
1.63
1.57

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,428
716
712

1,279
635
643

20.6
20.8
20.7

4.7
3.3
6.2

76.5
77.0
76.2

29.1
25.0
33.0

19.7
26.1
13.5

5.0
3.0
7.0

1.56
1.55
1.57

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
December 1988
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

20.3
27.3
17.3
15.6
11.3

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,142
3,078
903
1,523
638

5,168
2,198

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers'
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,517
2,101
504
588
324

2,836
1,478
494
544
320

20.9
26.5
16.4
16.0
10.0

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,625
977
400
935
314

2,332
721
395
908
309

19.6
28.8
18.2
15.3
12.6

889
1,453
628

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

6.5
7.6
7.3
6.1
2.5

74.8
76.2
76.4
69.9
79.6

33.5
35.5
40.0
33.3
17.7

18.2
21.7
17.5
14.4
16.2

5.3
5.1
3.3
7.7
3.2

1.59
1.73
1.62
1.47
1.31

6.2
7.4
7.5
4.4
1.9

75.8
76.6
76.5
72.8
76.9

30.6
33.0
37.0
27.4
15.0

21.5
22.5
21.3
18.8
21.9

5.5
6.3
2.6
7.5
2.8

1.61
1.72
1.61
1.47
1.28

6.9
8.2
6.8
7.3
3.2

73.6
75.2
75.9
68.4
81.9

37.0
40.6
43.8
36.9
20.4

14.2
19.8
12.9
11.8
10.0

5.0
2.5
4.1
7.6
3.6

1.56
1.75
1.62
1.47
1.32

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
<*•*

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Industry and age

Women

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

113,679

115,978
6,519
2,534

63,111
3,252
1,220
2,032

12,961
81,645

62,265
3,230
1,305
1,925
6,797
43,621

33,938

18,567

52,867
3,267
1,314
1,953
6,281
36,959
15,132

28,892
18,815
11,589
6,964
4,625
3,264

15,131
9,923
6,715
3,996
2,719

18,806
15,628
10,252
6,562
3,915
2,647
1,931

51,414
3,268
1,368
1,900
6,462
35,550
14,883

12,643
8,024
4,910

13,265
8,563
5,027

2,970

3,049

1,940
1,224

1,333

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,874
175
92

2,870

2,266
144
75
69
267

Nonagricultural industries.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

34




6,498
2,673
3,825
13,259
79,170
33,450
27,774
17,946

11,625
6,966
4,659

3,126

3,985

161

1,902

2,235
114
52
63
271
1,301
581
398
322
341
200
141
207

608
31

50,806
3,238

6,390
3,832
2,558

60,876
3,138
1,168
1,970
6,409
43,385
18,224
15,230
9,930
6,221
3,715
2,506

1,663

1,723

83

78
84

296
1,716
709
540
466
422
213
209
265

339
1,689
754
516
419
426
242
184
255

110,805
6,323
2,582
3,742

113,108

12,963
77,454

12,623
79,955

1,230
1,856
6,530
42,330

32,741
27,234
17,480

33,183
28,376

18,017
14,733

18,395
11,163
6,722
4,440
3,009

9,580

11,203

6,753
4,450
2,861

6,358
2,456
3,902

6,681
44,686

1,291
550
398
343
325
164
161
239
59,999
3,086

17
14
29
425
160
142
123
97
49
48
27

1,352
1,886
6,433
35,124
14,723
12,501

7,900
4,813

2,921
1,892

1,198

1,978
635
47
26
21
67
389

173
118

97
85
42
43
47
52,232
3,220
1,288
1,932
6,214

36,571
14,959
13,146
8,465
4,942
3,007
1,935
1,286

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Dec.
1987

Total

Dec.
1988

Women

Men
16 years
and over
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

20 years
and over
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

20 years
and over

16 years
and over
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1988

113,679 115,978 62,265 63,111 59,035 59,858 51,414 52,867 48,146 49,601

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

28,519 29,754
13,546 14,306
574
580
9,370 9,981
3,603 3,745
14,972 15,449
1,716
1,801
729
710
369
388
826
811
2,154
2,211
756
815
3,874 4,215
755
736
3,724 3,832

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,929 36,088 12,656 12,727 12,032 11,997 23,274 23,361 21,457 21,503
1,786 1,833 1,750 1,809 1,607 1,761 1,597 1,745
3,393 3,593
1,296
1,157
976
181
182
224
1,070
973 1,066
226
1,151
1,128
918
209
238
914
889
895
204
231
1,146
1,108
687
421
679
453
693
690
419
448
7,114
7,114
13,932 14,292
6,731
6,668 6,818 7,179 5,727 6,010
3,666 3,686 2,466
2,447
2,433
2,418 1,200 1,252 1,176 1,225
2,444 1,428 1,409 1,413 1,396
2,351
924 1,035
897 1,007
1,622 1,299 1,274 1,284 1,263
1,580
348
281
272
339
6,266 6,464
1,902 1,984 1,569 1,579 4,364 4,479 3,339 3,379
77
68
18
64
50
18
13
13
43
60
3,756 3,781
18,605 18,203
3,551 3,519 14,849 14,422 14,133 13,749
330
451
749
699
369
330
298
298
370
446
287
914
868
628
279
583
286
267
590
552
103
98
88
5,066 4,791
80 4,963 4,703 4,778 4,531
230
2,329
2,453
217
235
219 2,223 2,094 2,172 2,065
644
372
624
391
1,012
621
1,015
594
349
376
8,457 8,454 2,163
2,004 2,061 6,295 6,199 5,873 5,778
2,255

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,250
921
1,947
12,383
5,192
1,943
2,942
2,306

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,431 13,599 12,282
4,349
4,210
4,347
5,035 5,097 4,938
4,153
3,135
4,050

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




15,796

8,371
374
6,205
1,792
7,425

1,673
470
293
667

309
485
1,046
594
1,888

16,256 15,688 16,177 12,723 13,498 12,607 13,379
8,647 8,320 8,607 5,175 5,659 5,134 5,609
200
374
219
200
218
362
362
6,164 6,479 3,164 3,465 3,136 3,424
6,515
1,782 1,766 1,811 1,975 1,798 1,968
1,770
7,609 7,368 7,571 7,548 7,839 7,473 7,770
128
107
107
1,672 1,609
128
1,609
241
242
241
241
487
469
486
96
96
113
293
255
113
255
143
667
151
150
675
675
143
305
314 1,845 1,898 1,842 1,898
314
271
288
268
283
527
481
523
1,031 1,156 2,828 3,049 2,801 3,018
1,165
161
595
585
150
157
151
585
1,856 1,968 1,836 1,840 1,798 1,810
1,991

5,161
22
1,568
3,571
1,398
179
1,637
357

9,145
882
262
8,000
3,152
1,741
1,209
1,899

9,595
936
276
8,382
3,302
1,811
1,292
1,977

8,107
722
239
7,146
2,551
1,649
1,145
1,802

8,584
800
254
7,530
2,694
1,747
1,250
1,838

12,428 11,993 12,155
4,104 4,110
4,205
4,805 4,855
4,988
3,234 3,084 3,191

1,149
137
97
915

1,171
144
109
919

1,116
130
94
892

1,145
142
105
898

!
17,554 17,868 12,906 13,119 11,769 11,982
4,839
8,023 8,285 4,628
4,439
4,635
3,943 3,578 3,789
6,551
6,793 3,721
2,508
2,366
2,433
3,638 3,691
2,455
1,435
1,212
1,356
2,914
3,102
1,266
860
845!
896
1,471
1,492
907
4,276
4,119
4,424
4,671
4,869
4,267
2,996
3,051
3,175
3,480 3,583 3,121
1,123
1,226
1,250
1,190
1,287
1,146
3,072
3,856 3,211
4,861
4,714
4,011
785
717
696
680
646
772
4,076
3,996 3,239 3,160
2,531
2,425

4,648
3,394
2,830
1,183
1,648
564
404
359
45
850
13
836

4,749
3,446
2,850
1,183
1,667
596
445
408
37
858
20
838

4,409
3,280
2,740
1,160
1,580
540
392
347
45
737
14
723

4,532
3,321
2,759
1,154
1,605
562
439
403
36
772
20
752

476
183
293

4941
161
333

2,996
1,238
1,759

15,645
966
1,881
12,797
5,339
2,001
3,069
2,388

3,024
1,168
1,855

6,105
38
1,684
4,382
2,040
202
1,733
407

6,050
30
1,605
4,415
2,037
189
1,778
411

2,520 2,530
1,0551 1,007
1,466
1,523

5,191
26
1,641
3,523
1,396
186
1,571
370

2,363
1,046
1,317

2,386
999
1,3861

I

449

457

182J

159

267|

299

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

113,679
100.0

115,978
100.0

62,265
100.0

63,111
100.0

51,414
100.0

52,867
100.0

25.1
11.9

25.7
12.3

25.5
10.7

31.1

25.8
13.7
12.1
20.2

24.7
10.1

13.2
31.6
3.0

25.4
13.4
11.9
20.3

14.7
45.3

2.9

2.9
11.3
6.0
9.6

14.8
44.2
3.3
13.6
27.3

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
,
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.3

16.4
13.4
.8

1.7
10.9
11.8
15.4

7.1

13.3
3.1
12.3
15.7
13.5
.8
1.6
11.0

11.4
6.0
9.8
.1
2.7
7.0
19.7
20.7
7.4

O

3.1
13.3

28.9
17.8
1.7
.5
9.0
6.6
.8
1.7

18.1
1.8
.5
15.9
2.2
9.0
6.5
.8
1.6

.9

.9

6.9
6.4
4.0

2.5
7.0
19.7
20.8
7.7
7.0
6.1
4.0

100,423
100.0

54,729
100.0

55,338
100.0

43,910
100.0

45,085
100.0

26.9
13.1
13.8
31.4
3.1
12.9
15.4
12.3
.7
1.6
10.1

26.4
14.1
12.3
20.7
2.9
12.1
5.7
8.7
.1
2.6

27.1
14.6
12.5
20.4
2.9
11.9
5.5
8.7

26.7
11.3
15.4

4.1

25.7
10.5
15.2
46.2
3.0
13.8
29.3
16.5
1.5
.5
14.5
2.3
8.4
6.0
.8
1.6
1.0

11.7

15.4

4.1
4.3
2.6

7.1
4.2
4.1
2.6

98,639
100.0
26.1
12.5
13.6
32.0
3.0
12.9
16.2

15.6
2.2

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.2
.7

1.7
9.8
12.3
14.6
6.6
3.9
4.1

6.1
20.4
19.6

O
2.4
6.3
20.3
19.4
7.2
6.6
5.6

44.9
3.3

14.0
27.6
16.8
1.6
.5
14.7
2.2
8.4
6.1
.8
1.5
1.0

2.8

12.2
14.5
6.7
4.0
3.8
2.7

11,631
100.0

11,938
100.0

5,716
100.0

5,863
100.0

5,915
100.0

6,075
100.0

16.0
7.2
8.8
27.9
2.6
7.5
17.8
23.3
1.7
2.3

15.1
6.7
8.4
28.8
2.6
8.2

14.2
7.4
6.8
16.1
1.8
5.4
8.9
18.7
.1

12.7

19.2
8.4
22.8

18.4
8.7
23.0
10.1
6.2
6.7
1.9

17.7
7.0
10.8
39.3
3.4
9.5
26.4
27.7
3.2
1.0
23.4
2.0
13.1
9.9
1.0
2.1
.3

17.4
7.1
10.3
39.7
3.3
10.7
25.8
28.1
3.5
1.0
23.6
2.2
12.4
8.6

7.1
6.4
6.1
4.2

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Less than 0.05 percent.

36




10.2
6.2
6.3
1.7

18.0
22.5
1.8
2.4

3.7
14.9
15.1
32.9
10.6
11.6
10.7
3.1

6.3
6.4
17.5
2.0
5.6
9.8

16.8

O
3.8
12.9
15.4
34.1
11.7
11.4
10.9
3.6

1.2
2.6
.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
December 1988
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

104,231
6,277
2,423
3,854
12,329
31,184
25,790
16,452
9,795
5,914
3,881
2,405

1,173
175
120
54
131
207
213
167
161
88
73
119

17,627
312
76
236
1,058
4,353
5,638
3,762
2,105
1,303
802
398

85,431
5,790
2,227
3,564
11,139
26,624
19,939
12,522
7,529
4,523
3,006
1,888

8,612
69
27
42
291
1,938
2,519
1,865
1,335
789
546
595

264
11
6
5
3
62
68
78
32
19
13
9

1,507
131
61
71
283
521
230
166
127
69
59
48

1,247
14
5
8
46
211
266
232
279
164
115
201

116
16
12
4
10
22
21
22
20
9
11
6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,300
3,098
1,149
1,949
6,221
16,994
13,608
8,727
5,340
3,205
2,135
1,313

138
34
21
13
13
22
33
19
8
7
1
9

8,102
128
30
98
420
1,982
2,572
1,783
1,013
618
394
204

47,060
2,935
1,098
1,838
5,788
14,990
11,002
6,925
4,319
2,579
1,739
1,101

5,555
34
15
20
187
1,227
1,617
1,199
881
511
370
411

21
6
5
1
1
4
6
4
-

1,156
93
40
53
224
394
181
125
103
59
44
35

1,053
11
3
8
42
182
214
196
238
141
97
171

26
11
9
2
6
5
3
1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,932
3,179
1,274
1,905
6,107
14,190
12,182
7,725
4,456
2,709
1,746
1,092

1,035
141
100
41
118
185
180
148
153
81
72
110

9,526
184
46
138
638
2,371
3,066
1,979
1,092
685
408
194

38,371
2,855
1,129
1,726
5,351
11,634
8,936
5,597
3,210
1,944
1,266
788

3,057
35
13
23
104
710
902
666
454
278
176
184

244
5
1
4
2
58
62
74
32
19
13
10

351
38
20
18
60
127
48
40
25
10
15
13

194
3
3
_
4
29
51
36
41
23
18
30

90
5
3
3
4
17
18
21
20
9
10
4

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




_
1

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
December 1988
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Total
Executive,
Adminisi emTechniadminisPrivate
trative
Profesployed
cians
Other
trative,
sional
Sales support, houseand
and
service1
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

2,870
695
7,571
21,391
12,602
8,789

61
99
1,016
2,490
1,475
1,015

63
65
150
1,733
1,173
560

8,141
24,261
4,498
19,763

886
2,010
473
1,537

444
446
82
364

7,888
37,651
1,184
36,467
24,433
5,511

2,038
4,489

200
11,553
4
11,549
10,434
795

4,489
2,425
1,216

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
and
equipment
tation
craft,
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
inspec- moving
laborers
tors

34
12
61
768
303
465

102
84
424
2,330
1,266
1,064

12
19
28
377
189
188

45
201
4,439
4,125
2,815
1,310

7
19
111
6,793
3,691
3,102

46
125
476
800
473
326

30
31
775
1,164
605
558

2,442

308
291
152 10,278
51 1,785
100 8,493

2,275
2,387
828
1,559

264
4,465
42
4,423

1,178
1,507
317
1,189

163
275
118
156

1,773
1,004
487
517

550
1,695
304
1,391

9
43
11
32

1,896
905

3,038
6,068
7
6,061
4,302
1,494

336
7,829
104
7,725
4,419
1,348

148
1,719
16
1,703
336
238

20
867

12
582
2
580
348
51

25
404
33
370
102
40

49
326
51
275
54
39

29
40
59
724
526
197

126
1,943
2
1,942
1,569
228

905
157
31

966
966

286
31

29
87
84
3

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Paid absences
Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1988

1,533
842
518

1,648
228
764

1,584
226
686

Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

3,794
1,175
1,404
126
24
1,063

3,678
1,200
1,339
72
13
1,054

3,649
1,140
1,369
97
24
1,019

3,546
1,176
1,298
46
13
1,013

1,512
786
509

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons'

2,064
698
758
608

1,9,47
721
688
538

1,946
667
731
548

1,838
699
660
479

804
461
272
71

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons'

1,730
477
646
606

1,731
478
651
602

1,703
473
638
593

1,708
476
638
593

707
325
235
147

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.

38




Unpaid absences

O
218

f)
0

O

f)

656

673

862
539
253
69

823
125
403
295

719
106
345
268

671
303
264
104

824
102
361
361

865
119
341
405

173

]
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
December 1988
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

112,299

2,738

109,562

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

26,510
790
4,712
13,739

881
57
204
430
190

25,628
732
4,508
13,309
7,079

23.6
.7
4.2
12.2
6.5

32.2
2.1
7.5
15.7
6.9

23.4
.7
4.1
12.1
6.5

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

85,789
7,430
44,624
33,735
8,977

1,857
102
602
1,153
216
398
539

83,933
7,328
44,022
32,583
11,749
12,396
8,438

76.4
6.6
39.7
30.0
10.7
11.4
8.0

67.8
3.7
22.0
42.1
7.9
14.5
19.7

76.6
6.7
40.2
29.7
10.7
11.3
7.7

39.3
43.9

41.2
48.7

39.3
43.8

Total, 16 years and over

7,269

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

11,965
12,793

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

26,510

6,731

19,779

25,628

6,380

19,248

5,239
2,620

1,880
1,584
40
195
62

3,359
1,036

1,732
1,448
35

3,229
971

2,323

4,961
2,419
35
190
60
2,258

16,420
13,839

20,668
13,553

4,649

1,260
152

1,260
1,498
324
6
67
1,493

1,710
606

40
195
62
2,323

190
60
2,258

21,271
13,839
1,275
1,679
371
6
67
1,751
2,284

4,851

1,606

1,751
678

1,648
324
6
67
1,710
2,099

22.1
20.9

23.8
26.2

21.2
19.3

22.2
20.9

24.0
26.4

21.3
19.3

1,669
5,600

806
2,588

863
3,012

1,594
5,485

759
2,520

835
2,965

1,275
1,527
371
6
67

16,019
13,553
150

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

109,562

4,961

16,019

88,582

55,999

11,749

20,834

39.3

43.8

101,079

4,255

14,492

82,332

53,117

11,097

18,118

39.2

43.5

644

28

14

602

328

86

188

45.0

46.4

5,945

342

273

5,330

3,635

693

1,002

40.2

42.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,345
12,015
8,330

488
178
310

716
325
391

19,141
11,512
7,629

11,886
6,989
4,897

3,230
2,057
1,173

4,025
2,466
1,559

42.4
42.9
41.6

43.7
43.8
43.4

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,468
21,756
7,009

236
1,369
119

496
5,497
643

6,736
14,890
6,247

4,172
8,700
4,274

933
2,245
706

1,631
3,945
1,267

42.3
36.9
40.2

44.5
44.4
42.6

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,616
1,144
31,472
5,298

1,617
249
1,368
55

6,570
487
6,083
283

24,429
408
24,021
4,960

16,410
244
16,166
3,714

2,786
59
2,727
418

5,233
105
5,128
828

37.2
26.2
37.6
40.8

43.2
46.8
43.1
42.4

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,218
264

695
11

1,416
111

6,107
142

2,807
75

638
14

2,662
53

40.5
36.0

47.9
47.8

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

40




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1988
Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

109,562
6,226
2,420
3,806
103,336
12,319
91,018
59,746
28,427
2,844

4,961
463
89
373
4,499
794
3,705
2,486
1,101
117

16,019
3,901
2,174
1,727
12,118
2,342
9,776
5,267
3,143
1,366

88,582
1,862
157
1,706
86,719
9,183
77,537
51,993
24,183
1,361

55,999
1,519
138
1,382
54,479
6,355
48,124
31,744
15,406
973

32,583
343
19
324
32,240
2,828
29,413
20,249
8,777
388

39.3
24.2
17.1
28.8
40.2
36.9
40.7
41.2
40.4
29.3

43.8
40.1
36.8
40.4
43.9
42.6
44.0
44.2
43.9
42.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,038
3,069
1,148
1,920
55,969
6,254
49,715
32,605
15,482
1,628

2,253
251
52
199
2,002
376
1,626
1,113
450
62

4,855
1,773
996
776
3,083
978
2,105
760
658
687

51,930
1,045
100
945
50,884
4,900
45,984
30,732
14,374
879

29,059
809
88
720
28,249
3,098
25,150
16,426
8,132
594

22,871
236
12
225
22,635
1,802
20,834
14,306
6,242
285

42.3
25.8
18.2
30.4
43.2
38.8
43.7
44.4
43.6
31.3

45.3
40.9
37.2
41.3
45.4
43.7
45.6
45.8
45.3
42.7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,524
3,158
1,272
1,886
47,367
6,065
41,302
27,141
12,945
1,216

2,708
212
37
174
2,496
417
2,079
1,373
653
53

11,164
2,128
1,177
951
9,036
1,365
7,671
4,507
2,485
679

36,652
818
58
761
35,835
4,283
31,552
21,261
9,807
484

26,940
711
50
662
26,229
3,257
22,974
15,320
7,272
382

9,712
107
8
99
9,606
1,026
8,578
5,941
2,535
102

35.8
22.7
16.1
27.1
36.6
35.0
36.8
37.4
36.7
26.6

41.7
39.2

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

94,765
51,697
43,068

4,002
1,848
2,153

14,300
4,297
10,003

76,463
45,552
30,912

46,865
24,549
22,317

29,598
21,003
8,595

39.4
42.6
35.6

44.1
45.6
41.8

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,342
5,534
5,808

801
342
460

1,234
382
852

9,307
4,810
4,496

7,097
3,460
3,636

2,210
1,350
860

38.3
40.0
36.7

42.1
43.0
41.2

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,961
5,787
15,290

1,026
308
920

1,409
295
3,152

35,526
5,184
11,218

18,860
2,999
7,197

16,666
2,185
4,021

44.2
42.7
37.4

45.8
45.3
43.9

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

27,834
10,025
12,665

1,304
629
774

6,397
1,232
3,535

20,133
8,164
8,356

15,019
5,752
6,170

5,114
2,412
2,186

35.7
38.4
33.9

41.3
42.4
41.9

O
39.4
41.8
41.3
41.8
41.8
41.8
41.2

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




4)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work In nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in. thousands)
December 1988
O n full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

42




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

on
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average

Average hours,
hours, workers
49
on fulltotal
41 to 48
hours
time
at work
hours
or more
schedules

109,419

4,947

16,029

88,443

55,837

11,747

20,859

39.3

43.8

28,954
13,899
15,054
35,017
3,481
13,896
17,641
15,108
937
1,796
12,376
13,111
17,228
8,018
4,667
4,544

537
215
321
1,232
58
640
534
1,490
195
32
1,263
636
1,053
402
257
394

2,775
673
2,102
6,668
440
3,144
3,084
4,401
420
178
3,803
461
1,725
433
402
889

25,642
13,011
12,631
27,117
2,983
10,111
14,024
9,218
322
1,586
7,310
12,015
14,451
7,183
4,008
3,260

13,915
6,614
7,301
18,494
2,121
5,256
11,117
6,535
199
925
5,410
7,563
9,330
4,846
2,111
2,373

3,216
1,700
1,516
3,346
389
1,429
1,529
1,034
56
230
748
1,897
2,254
1,207
568
478

8,511
4,697
3,815
5,277
473
3,426
1,378
1,650
67
430
1,152
2,554
2,867
1,130
1,328
409

42.5
44.5
40.8
37.7
39.3
38.9
36.4
33.7
25.4
42.4
33.1
41.7
40.0
40.7
42.9
35.8

45.5
46.1
44.9
42.8
42.4
45.8
40.7
43.0
45.0
45.9
42.3
43.6
43.6
42.8
46.4
41.9

58,762

2,224

4,819

51,718

28,843

7,428

15,446

42.3

45.4

15,844
8,427
7,417
12,415
1,790
6,954
3,671
5,859
30
1,526
4,304
11,990
12,654
4,695
4,249
3,709

246
137
109
278
29
159
90
415
8
28
379
580
705
158
218
329

806
284
522
1,378
131
762
485
1,186
10
95
1,081
338
1,113
152
249
712

14,792
8,006
6,786
10,759
1,630
6,032
3,097
4,259
12
1,403
2,844
11,072
10,836
4,384
3,782
2,669

6,770
3,452
3,318
5,703
1,087
2,546
2,070
2,828
10
794
2,024
6,926
6,616
2,716
1,973
1,927

1,855
1,051
804
1,575
235
862
478
519
_
208
311
1,748
1,731
798
538
395

6,167
3,503
2,664
3,481
308
2,624
549
912
3
400
510
2,398
2,488
870
1,271
347

45.6
46.4
44.7
42.3
41.3
44.3
39.1
37.1

47.5
47.8
47.1
45.8
43.5
47.9
42.7
44.1

O
44.1

O
46.3

34.8
41.9
41.0
42.5
43.8
35.9

43.1
43.6
44.4
43.9
46.6
42.0

50,658

2,723

11,210

36,725

26,994

4,318

5,413

35.8

41.7

13,110
5,473
7,637
22,602
1,691
6,942
13,970
9,249
907
270
8,072
1,121
4,575
3,323
417
834

291
79
212
953
29
481
444
1,075
187
4
884
56
348
244
39
66

10,850
5,005
5,845
16,358
1,352
4,079
10,926
4,959
310
183
4,466
943
3,615
2,799
225
591

7,144
3,162
3,982
12,791
1,034
2,710
9,047
3,707
190
131
3,386
637
2,714
2,130
137
446

1,361
649
712
1,771
154
567
1,051
515
56
22
437
149
522
409
31
83

2,345
1,194
1,151
1,796
164
802
829
737
64
30
643
156
379
260
57
62.

38.9
41.5
37.0
35.2
37.1
33.5
35.7
31.5
25.5
33.3
32.2
39.4
37.2
38.2
33.8
35.3

42.8
43.4
42.4
40.9
41.0
42.7
40.2
42.0
45.3
42.4
41.8
43.0
41.3
41.1
43.4
41.4

1,970
389
1,581
5,291
310
2,382
2,599
3,215
410
83
2,722
123
612
281
153
178

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1987

1988

Employment status and sex
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June | July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population'
Labor force'
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

185,370 185,571 185,705
122,451 122,784 122,901
66.2
66.2
66.1
115,490 115,804 116,009
62.4
62.3
62.5
1,750
1,749 1,736
113,740 114,055 114,273
3,212 3,256 3,200

110,528 110,799 111,073
6,961 6,980 6,892
5.7
5.7
5.6
62,919 62,787 62,804

185,847 185,964 186,088 186,247 186,402 186,522 186,666 186,801 186,949
122,672 123,060 122,917 123,209 123,331 123,692 123,688 123,778 124,215
66.3
66.2
66.2
66.1
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.3
66.0
115,865 116,392 116,117 116,686 116,707 116,895 117,074 117,260 117,652
62.4
62.9
62.8
62.7
62.6
62.7
62.7
62.6
62.3
1,732 1,714 1,685 1,673 1,692 1,704 1,687 1,705
1,736
114,129 114,660 114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947
3,187 3,110 3,121 3,060 3,142 3,176 3,238 3,238
3,181
110,948 111,473 111,293 111,880 111,974 112,061 112,194 112,335 112,709
6,563
6,518
6,807 6,668 6,800 6,523 6,624 6,797 6,614
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
63,171
63,038 63,071 62,830 62,978 63,023 62,734
63,175 62,904

187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009

3,193
112,816
6,554
5.3
62,839

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

88,924 89,033 89,099 89,168
68,058 68,219 68,289 68,194
76.5
76.5
76.6
76.6
64,281 64,420 64,587 64,417
72.4
72.2
72.5
72.3
1,589 1,588 1,577 1,573
62,692 62,832 63,010 62,844
3,777 3,799 3,702 3,777
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.5
20,866 20,814 20,810 20,974

89,225
68,462
76.7
64,866
72.7
1,569
63,297
3,596
5.3
20,763

89,287 89,367 89,445 89,504 89,577 89,637 89,716 89,792
68,436 68,461 68,685 68,604 68,569 68,686 68,638
76.4
76.5
76.5
76.6
76.6
76.7
76.6
64,894 64,941 64,931 65,015 64,976 65,074 65,055
72.5
72.6
72.6
72.5
72.5
72.5
72.6
1,523 1,512 1,529 1,540 1,526 1,542 1,534
63,371 63,429 63,402 63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521
3,542 3,520 3,754 3,589 3,593 3,612 3,583
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.5

68,409
76.6
64,672
72.4
1,553
63,119
3,737
5.5
20,878

20,931 20,984 20,819 20,973 21,068 21,030 21,154

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

96,446
54,393
56.4
51,209
53.1
161
51,048
3,184
5.9
42,053

96,538 96,606 96,679 96,739 96,801
54,565 54,612 54,478 54,598 54,508
56.4
56.3
56.3
56.5
56.5
51,384 51,422 51,448 51,526 51,445
53.3
53.2
53.1
53.2
53.2
163
161
161
163
159
51,223 51,263 51,285 51,363 51,284
3,181 3,190 3,030 3,072 3,063
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
41,973 41,994 42,201 42,141 42,293

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).




96,880 96,957 97,018 97,089
54,773 54,870 55,007 55,084
56.7
56.6
56.7
56.5
51,792 51,766 51,964 52,059
53.6
53.6
53.4
53.5
164
163
161
162
51,630 51,605 51,801 51,895
2,981 3,104 3,043 3,025
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.5
42,107 42,087 42,011 42,005

97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3
41,955

97,234 97,306
55,529 55,621
57.2
57.1
52,578 52,650
54.1
54.1
162
163
52,415 52,488
2,951 2,971
5.3
5.3
41,705 41,685

NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1987
Dec.

1988
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

183,620 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 184,374 184,562 184,729 184,830 184,962 185,114 185,244 185,402
120,701 121,035 121,165 120,936 121,328 121,203 121,524 121,658 122,000 121,984 122,091 122,510 122,563
66.1
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.7
65.9
65.7
66.1
66.0
66.0
65.8
65.9
65.8
113,740 114,055 114,273 114,129 114,660 114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009
62.3
62.0
62.6
62.6
62.4
62.4
62.3
62.3
62.2
62.0
62.1
62.0
61.9
6,563 6,554
6,961
6,518
6,980 6,892 6,807 6,668 6,800 6,523 6,624 6,797 6,614
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

80,002
62,281
77.8
59,220
74.0
2,290
56,930
3,061
4.9
17,721

80,120
62,421
77.9
59,315
74.0
2,302
57,013
3,106
5.0
17,699

80,203
62,614
78.1
59,561
74.3
2,279
57,282
3,053
4.9
17,589

80,260
62,532
77.9
59,468
74.1
2,258
57,210
3,064
4.9
17,728

80,326
62,774
78.1
59,833
74.5
2,259
57,574
2,941
4.7
17,552

80,402
62,721
78.0
59,656
74.2
2,238
57,418
3,065
4.9
17,681

80,526
62,669
77.8
59,780
74.2
2,231
57,549
2,889
4.6
17,857

80,608
62,729
77.8
59,897
74.3
2,252
57,645
2,832
4.5
17,879

80,669
62,916
78.0
59,839
74.2
2,273
57,566
3,077
4.9
17,753

80,751
62,884
77.9
59,979
74.3
2,249
57,730
2,905
4.6
17,867

80,851
62,915
77.8
60,004
74.2
2,315
57,689
2,911
4.6
17,936

80,924
62,995
77.8
59,999
74.1
2,313
57,686
2,996
4.8
17,929

81,001
63,002
77.8
60,049
74.1
2,292
57,757
2,953
4.7
17,999

89,010
50,327
56.5
47,722
53.6
640
47,082
2,605
5.2
38,683

89,110
50,462
56.6
47,894
53.7
639
47,255
2,568
5.1
38,648

89,178
50,530
56.7
47,934
53.8
638
47,296
2,596
5.1
38,648

89,261
50,510
56.6
48,060
53.8
641
47,419
2,450
4.9
38,751

89,307
50,591
56.6
48,120
53.9
653
47,467
2,471
4.9
38,716

89,382
50,532
56.5
48,040
53.7
604
47,436
2,492
4.9
38,850

89,502
50,690
56.6
48,205
53.9
626
47,579
2,485
4.9
38,812

89,588
50,807
56.7
48,242
53.8
549
47,693
2,565
5.0
38,781

89,670
50,959
56.8
48,492
54.1
609
47,883
2,467
4.8
38,711

89,735
50,991
56.8
48,535
54.1
638
47,897
2,456
4.8
38,744

89,807
51,201
57.0
48,788
54.3
640
48,148
2,413
4.7
38,606

89,887
51,558
57.4
49,113
54.6
640
48,473
2,445
4.7
38,329

89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7
38,367

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,609 14,592 14,588 14,591 14,598 14,590 14,534 14,533 14,491 14,477 14,456 14,433 14,447
8,122
7,975 7,957 7,974
8,109
8,125
7,894 7,963 7,950 8,165
8,021
8,093 8,152
56.0
56.2
55.2
55.1
55.2
56.1
55.9
54.5
54.5
54.1
55.0
55.9
55.4
6,895 6,872 6,856 6,781
6,798 6,846 6,778 6,601
6,835 6,795
6,707 6,707 7,016
47.4
47.4
47.4
47.4
48.3
47.0
46.9
46.0
45.9
45.2
46.5
46.9
46.5
289
259
264
285
260
282
255
283
268
275
283
282
315
6,567 6,498
6,550 6,540
6,495 6,319
6,516
6,432 6,439 6,752 6,636 6,612
6,531
1,227
1,253
1,149
1,293
1,243
1,295
1,122
1,253
1,179
1,194
1,243
1,256
1,306
16.4
15.5
15.1
14.1
16.0
14.1
15.4
15.5
14.8
15.0
15.6
15.8
16.0
6,516
6,476
6,366 6,368 6,481
6,473
6,440 6,567 6,697 6,635 6,640 6,369 6,411

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

44




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1988. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Dec.

1988
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

157,552 157,676 157,773 157,868 157,943 158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340 158,422 158,524 158,603 158,705
103,907 104,188 104,404 104,172 104,517 104,433 104,716 104,651 105,013 105,036 105,051 105,395 105,411
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.3
66.2
66.0
66.3
66.1
66.1
66.2
66.2
66.1
66.0
98,787 99,011 99,350 99,252 99,663 99,508 99,902 99,761 99,907 100,058 100,199 100,543 100,567
63.4
63.4
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.0
63.2
63.0
63.1
62.9
63.0
62.8
62.7
5,106
4,854 4,925 4,814
4,978 4,852 4,852 4,844
4,890
4,920
5,054
5,177
5,120
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.8
5.0
4.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,369 54,470 54,627 54,541 54,653 54,722 54,658 54,712 54,864 54,839 54,861 54,922 54,898
78.4
78.2
78.4
78.4
78.4
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.2
52,046 52,080 52,348 52,266 52,478 52,443 52,475 52,557 52,487 52,579 52,612 52,624 52,636
75.0
75.0
75.1
75.0
75.1
75.2
75.3
75.2
75.1
75.2
75.0
74.8
74.9
2,183
2,262
2,249 2,298
2,377 2,260
2,155
2,279 2,275 2,175 2,279
2,323 2,390
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,572 42,677 42,848 42,767 42,955 42,868 42,955 42,958 43,149 43,191 43,298 43,625 43,644
56.9
56.5
56.4
56.4
56.2
56.2
56.1
56.3
56.9
56.1
56.2
56.0
55.9
40,713 40,869 40,942 41,089 41,233 41,124 41,201 41,124 41,378 41,413 41,583 41,889 41,930
54.1
54.6
54.2
54.1
53.8
53.9
53.8
54.0
53.9
53.7
53.5
54.6
53.6
1,744
1,736
1,715
1,778
1,771
1,834
1,754
1,722
1,678
1,906
1,859
1,714
1,808
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.4
3.9
4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,966
58.5
6,028
50.6
938
13.5
14.8
12.0

7,041
59.2
6,062
51.0
979
13.9
14.5
13.3

6,929
58.3
6,060
51.0
869
12.5
12.5
12.6

6,864
57.7
5,897
49.6
967
14.1
15.5
12.6

6,909
58.1
5,952
50.1
957
13.9
14.4
13.3

6,843
57.6
5,941
50.0
902
13.2
14.0
12.3

7,103
59.8
6,226
52.5
877
12.3
13.2
11.4

6,981
58.9
6,080
51.3
901
12.9
14.3
11.4

7,000
59.2
6,042
51.1
958
13.7
13.9
13.5

7,006
59.4
6,066
51.4
940
13.4
14.5
12.3

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,508 20,539 20,569 20,596 20,622 20,650 20,683 20,715 20,736 20,762 20,786 20,811 20,842
13,181 13,174 13,138 13,100 13,101 13,102 13,066 13,283 13,236 13,201 13,290 13,330 13,405
64.1
63.4
64.1
63.6
63.5
63.6
64.3
64.1
63.9
63.8
63.2
63.9
64.3
11,560 11,570 11,504 11,461 11,534 11,514 11,543 11,761 11,733 11,758 11,807 11,831 11,856
56.8
55.8
55.9
55.6
55.9
56.4
56.9
56.8
56.8
56.6
56.6
55.8
56.3
1,522
1,588
1,567
1,639
1,634
1,621
1,549
1,499
1,483
1,443
1,503
1,523
1,604
11.5
12.1
12.0
12.5
12.4
12.3
11.6
11.2
11.2
10.9
11.4
11.7
12.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,057
74.5
5,430
66.8
627
10.4

6,093
74.8
5,470
67.1
623
10.2

6,140
75.2
5,469
67.0
671
10.9

6,119
74.9
5,444
66.6
675
11.0

6,151
75.2
5,510
67.3
641
10.4

6,107
74.5
5,469
66.7
638
10.4

6,084
74.1
5,480
66.7
604
9.9

6,080
73.9
5,495
66.8
585
9.6

6,131
74.5
5,539
67.3
592
9.7

6,117
74.2
5,563
67.5
554
9.1

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,193
60.7
5,515
54.0
678
10.9

6,206
60.7
5,524
54.1
682
11.0

6,135
59.9
5,490
53.6
645
10.5

6,141
59.9
5,478
53.5
663
10.8

6,112
59.6
5,444
53.1
668
10.9

6,099
59.4
5,453
53.1
646
10.6

6,097
59.3
5,449
53.0
648
10.6

6,286
61.0
5,640
54.7
646
10.3

6,188
60.0
5,571
54.0
617
10.0

6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617
9.8

6,316
60.9
5,654
54.5
662
10.5

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Dec.

1988
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

931
42.9
615
28.4
316
33.9
34.3
33.6

875
40.3
576
26.5
299
34.2
34.6
33.7

13,082
8,770
67.0
8,045
61.5
725
8.3

13,115
8,862
67.6
8,199
62.5
663
7.5

863
39.7
545
25.1
318
36.8
39.9
33.8

840
38.6
539
24.7
301
35.8
37.8
33.9

838
38.5
580
26.6
258
30.8
27.9
33.9

896
41.1
592
27.2
304
33.9
33.2
34.8

885
40.6
614
28.1
271
30.6
31.5
29.6

917
42.0
626
28.7
291
31.7
31.2
32.4

917
42.0
623
28.5
294
32.1
32.1
32.0

910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9

13,153 13,192 13,230
8,987| 8,818
8,823
68.3!
66.8 j
66.7
8,241j 8,088
8,030
62.7
61.3
60.7
746
730
793
8.3
8.3
9.0

13,268
8,910
67.2
8,128
61.3
782
8.8

13,306
9,009
67.7
8,222
61.8
787
8.7

13,344
8,997
67.4
8,265
61.9
732
8.1

13,381
8,963
67.0
8,214
61.4
749
8.4

13,419
9,061
67.5
8,378
62.4
683
7.5

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

13,458 13,495
9,075
9,148
67.4
67.8
8,368! 8,419
62.4
62.2
707
729
7.8
8.0

13,533
9,133
67.5
8,441
62.4
692
7.6

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
2

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional
information.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Category
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

CHARACTERISTIC

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

113,740 114,055 114,273 114,129 114,660 114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009
40,616 40,438 40,488 40,486 40,494 40,317 40,493 40,518 40,511 40,513 40,504 40,407 40,483
28,299 28,435 28,620 28,713 28,772 28,632 28,678 28,669 28,809 28,836 28,890 28,995 29,053
6,344
6,399
6,375
6,253
6,280
6,130
6,170
6,000
6,091
6,151
6,158
6,181
6,153

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workeis

1,589
1,461
155

1,629
1,427
143

1,640
1,410
123

1,610
1,416
146

1,632
1,390
152

1,574
1,365
155

1,583
1,375
161

1,572
1,362
149

1,607
1,411
158

1,612
1,421
137

1,661
1,405
177

1,672
1,450
125

1,698
1,349
149

101,922 102,413 102,498 102,339 102,562 102,145 102,953 103,189 103,207 103,501 103,733 103,770 103,904
17,021 17,080 16,961 16,952 17,012 16,946 17,049 17,031 17,111 17,145 17,240 17,387 17,423
84,901 85,333 85,537 85,387 85,550 85,199 85,904 86,158 86,096 86,356 86,493 86,383 86,481
1,210
1,152
1,209
1,119
1,132
1,128
1,146
1,114
1,152
1,167
1,167
1,146
1,172
83,729 84,187 84,370 84,220 84,436 84,047 84,758 85,026 84,968 85,237 85,341 85,174 85,271
8,602
8,619
8,570j 8,479
8,508
8,531
8,536
8,567
8,816
8,338
8,395
8,306
8,246
266
300
232
241
297
230
251
272
232
301
250
241
250

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,246
2,265
2,617
14,690

5,355
2,351
2,630
14,580

5,369
2,408
2,591
14,619

5,331
2,448
2,548
14,654

5,212
2,264
2,519
14,949

4,878
2,267
2,353
14,813

5,302
2,346
2,586
14,612

5,341
2,471
2,538
15,026

5,192
2,315
2,473
14,999

5,097
2,266
2,389
15,270

4,963
2,220
2,399
15,161

5,061
2,279
2,375
15,446

5,321
2,549
2,410
15,363

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,979
2,099
2,518
14,205

5,113
2,212
2,554
14,115

5,101
2,258
2,477
14,172

4,953
5,087
2,265
2,131
2,426
2,482
14,203 14,441

4,676
2,136
2,276
14,376

5,073
2,183
2,504
14,180

5,102
2,334
2,493
14,606

4,972
2,171
2,408
14,564

4,862
2,102
2,317
14,819

4,727
2,095
2,319
14,679

4,819
2,116
2,288
14,986

5,033
2,377
2,307
14,928

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

46




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Sex and age

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

113,740 114,055 114,273 114,129 114,660 114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

20,126

6,798
2,831
3,993
13,328
93,595
78,939
14,678

20,287
6,846
2,766
4,054
13,441
93,759
79,188
14,579

20,216
6,778
2,739
4,047
13,438
94,055
79,366
14,643

19,948
6,601
2,685
3,944
13,347
94,198
79,583
14,580

20,029
6,707
2,703
4,004
13,322
94,591
79,898
14,673

19,864
6,707
2,674
4,034
13,157
94,450
79,953
14,499

20,338
7,016
2,797
4,203
13,322
94,663
80,111
14,556

20,137
6,895
2,700
4,182
13,242
94,979
80,456
14,514

20,123
6,872
2,671
4,148
13,251
95,145
60,608
14,583

20,050
6,856
2,669
4,195
13,194
95,332
80,697
14,664

19,930
6,781
2,689
4,090
13,149
95,619
80,950
14,690

19,877
6,835
2,770
4,045
13,042
96,062
81,242
14,790

19,852
6,795
2,686
4,150
13,057
96,151
81,399
14,771

62,692 62,832 63,010 62,844 63,297 63,119 63,371 63,429 63,402 63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

10,394 10,466 10,442 10,364 10,438 10,385 10,550 10,441 10,475 10,401 10,303 10,379 10,288
3,472 3,517 3,449 3,376 3,464 3,463 3,591 3,532 3,563 3,496 3,446 3,533 3,472
1,469 1,435
1,400
1,391
1,403
1,383 1,415
1,392
1,395
1,404
1,397
1,433
1,385
2,030 2,054 2,052 2,001 2,059 2,080 2,171 2,133 2,126 2,106 2,040 2,105 2,135
6,922 6,949 6,993 6,988 6,974 6,922 6,959 6,909 6,912 6,905 6,857 6,846 6,816
52,289 52,346 52,569 52,504 52,831 52,709 52,818 53,016 52,963 53,072 53,136 53,152 53,227
43,714 43,851 43,983 43,999 44,278 44,202 44,287 44,509 44,471 44,577 44,669 44,712 44,779
8,602 8,495 8,563 8,492 8,532 8,490 8,529 8,524 8,514 8,502 8,482 8,436 8,470

,

51,048 51,223 51,263 51,285 51,363 51,284 51,630 51,605 51,801 51,895 52,123 52,415 52,488

Women, 16 years and over

9,774 9,584 9,591 9,479 9,788 9,696 9,648 9,649 9,627 9,498 9,564
9,732 9,821
3,326 3,329 3,329 3,225 3,243 3,244 3,425 3,363 3,309 3,360 3,335 3,302 3,323
1,362
1,331
1,339
1,300
1,291
1.294
1,308
1,276
1,337
1,382
1,301
1,285
1,272
1,963 2,000 1,995
1,945
1,954 2,032 2,049 2,022 2,089 2,050 1,940 2,015
1,943
6,406 6,492 6,445 6,359 6,348 6,235 6,363 6,333 6,339 6,289 6,292 6,196 6,241
41,306 41,413 41,486 41,694 41,760 41,741 41,865 41,963 42,162 42,260 42,483 42,910 42,924
35,225 35,337 35,383 35,584 35,620 35,751 35,824 35,947 36,137 36,120 36,281 36,530 36,620
6,076 6,084 6,080 6,088 6,141 6,009 6,027 5,990 6,069 6,162 6,208 6,354 6,301

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1987
Sex and age

Total 16 vears and over

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

6,961

6,980

6,892

6,807

6,668

6,800

June
6,523

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

6,624

6,797

6,614

6,518

6,563

6,554

2,457
1,253

2,429
1,194

2,363
1,122

2,421
1,179

2,543
1,295

2,656
1,306

2,531
1,243

2,612
1,293

2,518
1,256

2,513
1,243

2,394
1,149

2,465
1,227

2,476
1,253

604
683

627
689

588
665

578
714

580
658

536
700

527
642

571
628

605
660

650
615

559
629

520
599

535
637

1,248
4,400
3,940
470

1,350
4,370
3,861
516

1,288
4,377
3,887
485

1,319
4,171
3,742
443

1,262
4,144
3,696
460

1,270
4,253
3,765
498

1,245
4,146
3,675
450

1,238
4,143
3,702
457

1,223
4,334
3,828
475

1,204
4,179
3,733
436

1,235
4,061
3,651
419

1,241
4,193
3,739
433

1,242
4,125
3,687

3,777

3,799

3,702

3,777

3,596

3,737

3,542

3,520

3,754

3,589

3,593

3,612

3,583

16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears

1,380

1,448

1,340

1,403

1,321

1,352

1,302

1,331

1,351

1,329

1,376

1.274

1,280

716
339
370
664

693
341
366
755

649
300
360
691

713
318
399
690

655
300
355
666

672
291
377
680

653
301
363
649

688
307
359
643

677
301
362
674

684
367
329
645

682
318
360
694

616
300
314
658

630
290
333
650

25 years and over .

2,387
2,093
277

2,378
2,056
335

2,369
2,071
297

2,367
2,071
296

2,270
1,994
281

2,348
2,051
304

2,259
1,961
278

2,191
1,936
278

2,417
2,088
298

2,270
2,014
255

2,195
1,946
266

2,331
2.050
275

2,296
1,999

3,184

3,181

3,190

3,030

3,072

3,063

2,981

3,104

3,043

3,025

2,925

2,951

2,971

1,163
579
265
313

1,208

1,191

1,209

1,197

1,161

1,125

1,128

1,053

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over

..
.

Men 16 vears and over

25 to 54 years
55 vears and over
Women 16 vears and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

25 to 54 vears
55 vears and over

.. .
...

286

1,092

1,134

1.089

1,141

613

594

580

601

571

496

539

576

569

512

506

286
323

288
305

260
315

280
303

245
323

226
279

304
298

283
286

241
269

220
285

584

595

2,013
1 847

1,992
1 805

193

181

597

629

596

590

596

264
269
595

549

559

541

583

549
245
304
592

2,008
1,816

1,804
1,671

1,874
1,702

1,905
1,714

1,887
1,714

1,952
1,766

1,917
1,740

1,909
1,719

1,866
1,705

1,862
1,689

1,829
1,688

188

147

179

194

172

179

177

181

153

158

171

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through




457

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1987

1988

Sex and age
Jan.

Dec.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.3

11.2
16.0
17.6
14.6
8.6
4.5
4.8
3.1

11.6
16.0
18.5
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.6
3.4

11.1
15.5
17.7
14.1
8.7
4.4
4.7
3.2

11.6
16.4
17.7
15.3
9.0
4.2
4.5
2.9

11.2
15.8
17.7
14.1
8.7
4.2
' 4.4
3.0

11.2
15.6
16.7
14.8
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.3

10.5
14.1
15.9
13.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.0

10.9
15.1
17.5
13.1
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

11.0
15.4
18.5
13.7
8.4
4.4
4.5
3.2

10.9
15.5

10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
2.8

10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.9
14.8

19.6
12.8
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.9

16.6
13.3
8.7

4.1
4.3
3.0

5.7

5.7

5.5

5.7

5.4

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

11.7
17.1
18.8
15.4
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.1

12.2
16.5
19.2
15.1
9.8
4.3
4.5
3.8

11.4
15.8
17.6
14.9
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

11.9

11.5
16.3
17.4
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.4
3.5

11.0
15.4
17.5
14.3
8.5
4.1
4.2
3.2

11.3
16.3
18.1
14.4
8.5
4.0
4.2
3.2

11.4
16.0
17.7

11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.9

11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0

10.9
14.8
17.3

11.1
15.4

13.0

9.04.3
4.5
3.4

11.2
15.9
17.6
14.7
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.2

13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.3

5.9

5.8

5.9

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.4

10.7
14.8
16.3
13.8
8.4
4.6
5.0
3.1

11.0
15.6
17.7
13.9
8.4
4.6
4.9
2.9

10.9
15.1

11.2
16.7
14.0
9.0

10.9
15.0
16.0
14.2
8.6
4.4
4.6
3.1

10.0
12.6
14.1
12.1
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.8

10.5
13.8
16.8
11.6
8.6
4.4
4.7
2.9

10.4

17.7

11.1
15.6
17.7
13.5
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.8

10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0
8.2
4.3
4.5
2.9

9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4

10.3
13.3
14.1
12.8
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4

10.7
14.2
15.8
13.1
8.7

17.4
18.6

16.6

15.2

13.3
8.5
4.6

4.1
4.5
2.4

4.9
3.0

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through

14.5
8.9
4.4
4.5
3.4

14.8
19.2
12.8
8.0
4.3

4.6
2.8

8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2

17.3

4.1
4.4
2.6

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1988

1987
Category

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

5.8
5.0
5.1
16.0

5.7
4.9
5.1
15.5

5.6
4.9
4.9
16.4

5.5
4.7
4.9
15.8

5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6

5.4
4.6
4.9
14.1

5.4
4.5
5.0
15.1

5.6
4.9
4.8
15.4

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.5

5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0

5.4
4.8
4.7
14.1

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8

4.9
11.0
12.3
8.3

5.0
10.9
12.2
7.5

4.8
11.2
12.4
8.3

4.7
11.3
12.5
8.3

4.6
10.6
12.0
9.0

4.7
10.9
12.1
8.8

4.6
10.3
11.7
8.7

4.7
10.1
11.5
8.1

4.9
10.0
11.4
8.4

4.7
9.5
10.9
7.5

4.6
9.8
11.2
7.8

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0

4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6

3.4
4.4
8.3

3.5
4.1
8.8

3.4
4.0
8.3

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.1
3.8
8.5

3.3
3.9
8.4

3.2
3.9
7.9

3.1
4.0
8.5

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

5.4
8.1
1.5
6.6

5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.8
1.4
6.5

5.1
7.5
1.3
6.2

5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4

5.0
7.7
1.3
6.3

5.0
8.0
1.3
6.4

5.1
5.3
7.4 • 7.4
1.3
1.3
6.3
6.4

5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3

5.7
6.4
8.2
10.7
5.2
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.0
11.5

5.8
6.9
7.5
11.9
5.5
5.3
5.8
5.3
3.7
6.2
4.9
3.0
11.4

5.7
6.8
7.8
10.9
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.6
2.9
10.5

5.6
6.5
8.2
10.6
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.2
4.1
6.7
4.3
2.9
11.0

5.4
6.5
8.1
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
4.8
3.8
5.9
4.3
3.0
11.0

5.6
6.5
9.4
10.5
5.3
4.9
5.9
5.2
4.2
6.3
4.6
2.9
12.4

5.4
6.2
6.8
10.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.1
6.0
4.6
2.9
10.0

5.4
6.3
5.4
10.4
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.0
3.6
6.2
4.5
3.0
11.0

5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6
10.2

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

Dec.

Jan.

5.8
4.9
5.2
16.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men 20 years and over
Women 20 vears and over
Both sexes 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men SDOuse Dresent
Married women soouse Dresent
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemoioved 15 weeks and over'
Labor force time lost2

•

.

.

....

INDUSTRY
Nonaaricultural nrivst© waoG and salarv workers
Goods-producing industries
.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable aoods
Service-oroducina industries
TransDortation and oublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Aaricultural waae and salarv workers
. ...
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
2

48




5.6
6.7
7.0
10.7
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.1
3.8
6.4
4.4
2.9
11.0

hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Weeks of unemployment
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3,225
1,981
1,781
881
900

3,118
2,214
1,728
838
890

3,097
2,093
1,732
842
890

3,057
2,060
1,693
851
842

3,093
1,969
1,582
756
826

3,072
2,068
1,614
789
825

3,093
1,910
1,543
749
794

2,985
2,041
1,619
826
793

3,158
1,956
1,636
831
805

3,116
1,896
1,568
775
793

3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766

3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715

3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737

14.2
5.9

14.2
6.3

14.1
6.3

13.8
6.4

13.5
5.8

13.8
5.9

13.2
5.9

13.5
6.2

13.5
5.9

13.5
5.7

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

12.8
5.8

100.0
46.2
28.4
25.5
12.6
12.9

100.0
44.2
31.4
24.5
11.9
12.6

100.0
44.7
30.2
25.0
12.2
12.9

100.0
44.9
30.2
24.9
12.5
12.4

100.0
46.6
29.6
23.8
11.4
12.4

100.0
45.5
30.6
23.9
11.7
12.2

100.0
47.3
29.2
23.6
11.4
12.1

100.0
44.9
30.7
24.4
12.4
11.9

100.0
46.8
29.0
24.2
12.3
11.9

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1987
Reasons for unemployment
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3,192
863
2,329
946
1,963
900

3,181
872
2,309
1,046
1,907
870

3,182
877
2,305
969
1,916
855

3,131
882
2,249
1,059
1,792
871

2,968
844
2,124
985
1,804
886

3,201
806
2,395
942
1,804
811

3,070
861
2,209
953
1,747
800

3,085
853
2,232
923
1,883
799

3,112
880
2,232
986
1,843
800

3,079
833
2,246
985
1,767
761

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799

100.0
45.6
123
33.3
13.5
28 0
12.9

100.0
45.4
12.5
33.0
14.9
27.2
12.4

100.0
46.0
12.7
33.3
14.0
27.7
12.4

100.0
45.7
12.9
32.8
15.5
26.1
12.7

100.0
44.7
12.7
32.0
14.8
27.2
13.3

100.0
47.4
11.9
35.4
13.9
26.7
12.0

100.0
46.7
13.1
33.6
14.5
26.6
12.2

100.0
46.1
12.8
33.4
13.8
28.1
11.9

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.6
27.3
11.9

100.0
46.7
12.6
34.1
14.9
26.8
11.5

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.5
.7

2.4
.8
1.5
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through




December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-42. Employment status of the noninstitutlonal population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1987

1986

1988

Employment status and sex
IV

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population'
Labor force1
Percent of population
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

180,641
117,883
65.3
109,681
60.7
1,700
107,981
3,087
104,894
8,202
7.0
62,758

181,517
118,610
65.3
110,426
60.8
1,692
108,734
3,191
105,543
8,184
6.9
62,906

182,008
119,383
65.6
110,944
61.0
1,687
109,257
3,165
106,091
8,439
7.1
62,626

182,530
119,900
65.7
111,662
61.2
1,695
109,967
3,134
106,833
8,238
6.9
62,630

183,115
120,298
65.7
112,178
61.3
1,750
110,428
3,163
107,264
8,120
6.8
62,817

183,743
120,826
65.8
112,974
61.5
1,741
111,233
3,191
108,042
7,852
6.5
62,917

184,253
121,441
65.9
113,926
61.8
1,726
112,200
3,263
108,937
7,514
6.2
62,813

184,749
121,779
65.9
114,576
62.0
1,733
112,843
3,186
109,657
7,203
5.9
62,970

185,216
122,301
66.0
115,224
62.2
1,749
113,475
3,193
110,282
7,077
5.8
62,915

185,707
122,786
66.1
115,893
62.4
1,740
114,152
3,212
110,940
6,893
5.6
62,922

186,099
123,062
66.1
116,398
62.5
1,710
114,688
3,139
111,549
6,664
5.4
63,037

186,530
123,570
66.2
116,892
62.7
1,690
115,202
3,126
112,076
6,678
5.4
62,959

186,949
124,084
66.4
117,539
62.9
1,696
115,843
3,223
112,620
6,545
5.3
62,865

86,376
66,217
76.7
61,738
71.5
1,551
60,187
4,479
6.8
20,159

86,957
oo,oo9
76.7
62,235
71.6
1,539
60,695
4,435
6.7
20,288

87,201
66,895
76.7
62,280
71.4
1,533
60,747
4,615
6.9
20,306

87,463
67,036
76.6
62,459
71.4
1,540
60,920
4,577
6.8
20,426

87,775
67,322
76.7
62,796
71.5
1,592
61,204
4,526
6.7
20,453

88,101
67,608
76.7
63,249
71.8
1,583
61,666
4,358
6.4
20,494

88,358
67,711
76.6
63,503
71.9
1,567
61,937
4,208
6.2
20,647

88,605
67,765
76.5
63,815
72.0
1,572
62,243
3,950
5.8
20,840

88,843
68,005
76.5
64,168
72.2
1,587
62,581
3,837
5.6
20,839

89,100
68,234
76.6
64,475
72.4
1,579
62,895
3,759
5.5
20,866

89,293
68,436
76.6
64,811
72.6
1,548
63,262
3,625
5.3
20,858

89,509
68,583
76.6
64,962
72.6
1,527
63,435
3,621
5.3
20,926

89,715
68,631
76.5
65,035
72.5
1,534
63,501
3,596
5.2
21,084

94,265
51,666
54.8
47,943
50.9
149
47,794
3,723
7.2
42,599

94,560
51,941
54.9
48,191
51.0
152
48,039
3,750
7.2
42,619

94,807
52,487
55.4
48,664
51.3
154
48,509
3,824
7.3
42,320

95,067
52,864
55.6
49,202
51.8
155
49,047
3,661
6.9
42,204

95,341
52,976
55.6
49,382
51.8
158
49,224
3,594
6.8
42,365

95,642
53,219
55.6
49,725
52.0
158
49,567
3,494
6.6
42,423

95,896
53,730
56.0
50,423
52.6
160
50,263
3,307
6.2
42,166

96,144
54,014
56.2
50,760
52.8
161
50,600
3,253
6.0
42,130

96,372
54,296
56.3
51,056
53.0
161
50,894
3,241
6.0
42,076

96,608
54,552
56.5
51,418
53.2
161
51,257
3,134
5.7
42,056

96,806
54,626
56.4
51,588
53.3
162
51,426
3,039
5.6
42,180

97,022
54,987
56.7
51,930
53.5
163
51,767
3,057
5.6
42,035

97,234
55,453
57.0
52,504
54.0
162
52,342
2,949
5.3
41,781

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

' Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).

50




NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-42 through A-53 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-43.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1985

1986

IV

1987
IV

1988
IV

IV

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

178,941 179,825 180,321 180,835 181,365 182,002 182,527 183,016 183,467 183,967 184,389 184,840 185,253
116,183 116,919 117,695 118,205 118,548 119,085 119,714 120,046 120,552 121,045 121,352 121,881 122,388
65.8
65.6
65.9
65.8
65.7
65.4
65.4
64.9
66.1
65.6
65.4
65.3
65.0
107,981 108,734 109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843
62.1
61.5
62.3
62.2
60.8
60.3
62.5
61.9
61.7
60.9
60.6
60.5
61.1
6,893 6,664 6,678 6,545
7,514
8,202 8,184
7,203 7,077
8,439 8,238 8,120
7,852
5.7
6.3
5.5
5.5
7.0
7.1
5.3
5.9
6.0
6.8
7.2
7.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

77,571
60,594
78.1
56,943
73.4
2,229
54,714
3,651
6.0
16,977

78,169
61,100
78.2
57,426
73.5
2,327
55,099
3,674
6.0
17,069

78,393
61,193
78.1
57,405
73.2
2,301
55,103
3,788
6.2
17,200

78,647
61,364
78.0
57,575
73.2
2,252
55,323
3,789
6.2
17,283

78,883
61,670
78.2
57,885
73.4
2,297
55,589
3,785
6.1
17,213

79,217
61,908
78.1
58,316
73.6
2,316
56,000
3,592
5.8
17,309

79,466
62,068
78.1
58,613
73.8
2,386
56,227
3,455
5.6
17,398

79,678
62,083
77.9
58,828
73.8
2,314
56,514
3,255
5.2
17,595

79,898
62,270
77.9
59,147
74.0
2,298
56,849
3,123
5.0
17,628

80,194
62,522
78.0
59,448
74.1
2,280
57,168
3,074
4.9
17,672

80,418
62,721
78.0
59,756
74.3
2,243
57,514
2,965
4.7
17,697

80,676
62,843
77.9
59,905
74.3
2,258
57,647
2,938
4.7
17,833

80,925
62,971
77.8
60,017
74.2
2,307
57,711
2,953
4.7
17,954

86,900
47,733
54.9
44,684
51.4
592
44,093
3,049
6.4
39,167

87,187
47,963
55.0
44,896
51.5
614
44,282
3,066
6.4
39,224

87,449
48,471
55.4
45,345
51.9
591
44,754
3,125
6.4
38,978

87,699
48,921
55.8
45,916
52.4
628
45,288
3,005
6.1
38,778

87,935
48,993
55.7
46,062
52.4
622
45,440
2,931
6.0
38,942

88,236
49,255
55.8
46,403
52.6
611
45,791
2,852
5.8
38,981

88,468
49,688
56.2
46,986
53.1
615
46,371
2,702
5.4
38,780

88,701
49,962
56.3
47,295
53.3
622
46,673
2,667
5.3
38,739

88,925
50,214
56.5
47,605
53.5
635
46,970
2,609
5.2
38,711

89,183
50,501
56.6
47,963
53.8
639
47,323
2,538
5.0
38,682

89,397
50,604
56.6
48,122
53.8
628
47,494
2,483
4.9
38,793

89,664
50,919
56.8
48,423
54.0
599
47,824
2,496
4.9
38,745

89,883
51,449
57.2
49,022
54.5
642
48,380
2,427
4.7
38,434

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,470 14,469 14,479 14,489 14,547 14,548 14,593 14,638 14,644 14,590 14,574 14,500 14,445
8,069 8,022 8,026 8,119
7,922 7,959
7,885
8,001
8,032 7,920
7,856 7,856
7,969
56.0
55.0
54.7
54.5
54.5
54.2
54.7
55.2
55.1
55.1
55.5
54.3
54.3
6,874
6,742 6,810
6,720
6,601
6,514
6,481
6,476
6,804
6,723
6,507
6,353 6,412
47.1
47.4
46.7
46.2
44.8
44.5
44.7
45.9
45.9
45.2
44.9
44.3
43.9
254
274
269
293
260
249
263
245
273
250
267
269
263
6,529
6,541
6,251
6,236
6,234
6,162
6,448
6,470 6,463
6,222
6,087
6,605
6,339
1,165
1,216
1,408
1,404
1,525
1,444
1,444
1,281
1,345
1,281
1,358
1,244
1,503
17.1
14.6
15.2
16.0
16.7
16.0
17.8
17.8
18.2
19.0
18.4
19.1
15.3
6,634
6,476
6,548
6,568
6,637 6,575
6,662 6,626
6,569
6,447
6,613
6,614
6,381

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1988. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1985

1987

1986

IV

1988

IV

IV

IV

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

154,204 154,893 155,245 155,609 155,982 156,435 156,806 157,145 157,448 157,772 158,048 158,347 158,611
100,530 101,066 101,620 102,135 102,413 102,735 103,224 103,386 103,758 104,255 104,555 104,900 105,286
66.4
65.8
65.8
65.7
65.5
65.2
66.2
66.1
65.9
65.7
65.6
65.2
66.2
94,486 94,943 95,337 96,027 96,345 96,900 97,642 98,084 98,527 99,204 99,691 99,909 100,436
63.3
62.4
61.4
62.3
61.9
61.7
61.3
63.1
62.9
62.6
61.8
61.3
63.1
4,849
6,283
5,302
5,581
5,835
6,067
6,109
6,123
6,044
4,991
4,864
5,050
5,231
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.7
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.0
4.8
4.8
5.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

53,128 53,516 53,564 53,691 53,959 54,120 54,205 54,191 54,365 54,546 54,678 54,805 54,894
78.4
78.5
78.2
78.5
78.5
78.6
78.4
78.5
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.3
50,384 50,707 50,673 50,832 51,068 51,350 51,570 51,718 51,956 52,231 52,465 52,541 52,624
74.4
74.6
74.5
74.2
74.2
74.5
75.0
75.2
75.0
74.8
74.7
74.4
75.1
2,859 2,891
2,770 2,635
2,891
2,744 2,809
2,270
2,212
2,315
2,409
2,473
2,264
5.3
5.2
4.1
4.0
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.2
4.2
4.4
4.6
5.4
4.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

40,585 40,748 41,140 41,586 41,577 41,734 42,113 42,327 42,474 42,764 42,926 43,099 43,522
55.7
55.6
55.3
54.4
56.7
55.8
55.2
55.1
54.8
56.3
56.2
56.1
54.3
38,380 38,474 38,860 39,401 39,465 39,712 40,181 40,446 40,626 40,967 41,186 41,305 41,801
52.4
51.4
53.7
53.4
53.3
53.0
51.8
54.5
54.0
52.5
52.3
51.4
53.9
1,932
1,794
1,797
1,848
1,881
2,022
2,112
2,185
2,280
1,722
2,205 2,274
1,740
4.4
4.4
4.6
5.3
5.5
5.6
4.0
4.2
4.8
5.1
5.4
4.2
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,818
57.5
5,722
48.2
1,095
16.1
17.1
15.0

6,802
57.3
5,762
48.6
1,040
15.3
15.8
14.8

6,916
58.2
5,803
48.9
1,112
16.1
17.1
15.0

6,858
57.7
5,793
48.8
1,065
15.5
16.2
14.8

6,876
57.8
5,812
48.9
1,065
15.5
16.0
15.0

6,882
57.7
5,838
49.0
1,043
15.2
16.3
13.9

6,905
57.8
5,891
49.3
1,014
14.7
16.2
13.1

6,868
57.4
5,920
49.5
948
13.8
14.4
13.1

6,918
58.0
5,944
49.8
974
14.1
14.9
13.2

6,945
58.4
6,006
50.5
938
13.5
14.2
12.8

6,952
58.5
6,040
50.9
912
13.1
13.9
12.3

6,996
59.1
6,063
51.2
933
13.3
14.2
12.4

6,870
58.5
6,012
51.2
858
12.5
13.4
11.5

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,790 19,863 19,945 20,028 20,120 20,218 20,310 20,398 20,481 20,568 20,651 20,737 20,813
12,473 12,559 12,753 12,600 12,709 12,836 12,883 13,076 13,167 13,137 13,090 13,240 13,342
64.1
64.1
63.4
62.9
63.9
63.4
63.9
64.3
63.5
63.2
63.2
63.0
63.8
10,573 10,734 10,873 10,751 10,893 11,053 11,201 11,426 11,546 11,512 11,530 11,751 11,831
56.0
55.1
53.7
54.5
56.8
55.8
56.0
56.4
54.7
54.1
54.0
53.4
56.7
1,849
1,880
1,510
1,559
1,626
1,650
1,682
1,900
1,621
1,783
1,816
1,825
1,489
14.7
11.3
12.4
13.1
12.6
14.7
11.9
12.3
13.9
14.3
14.5
15.2
11.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,813
74.6
5,026
64.5
786
13.5

5,874
74.8
5,120
65.2
754
12.8

5,928
75.1
5,169
65.5
758
12.8

5,904
74.5
5,116
64.6
788
13.3

5,962
74.9
5,196
65.3
766
12.8

5,979
74.7
5,278
65.9
702
11.7

6,007
74.7
5,322
66.1
685
11.4

6,053
74.9
5,397
66.8
656
10.8

6,050
74.5
5,431
66.9
619
10.2

6,117
75.0
5,461
66.9
656
10.7

6,114
74.6
5,486
66.9
628
10.3

6,109
74.2
5,532
67.2
577
9.4

6,161
74.5
5,557
67.2
603
9.8

5,769
58.6
5,027
51.0
742
12.9

5,776
58.5
5,071
51.3
705
12.2

5,886
59.3
5,143
51.8
743
12.6

5,854
58.7
5,132
51.5
723
12.3

5,902
58.9
5,161
51.5
741
12.5

5,984
59.5
5,227
52.0
756
12.6

6,007
59.5
5,324
52.7
683
11.4

6,108
60.2
5,402
53.2
706
11.6

6,180
60.6
5,499
54.0
681
11.0

6,161
60.2
5,497
53.7
663
10.8

6,103
59.4
5,449
53.0
654
10.7

6,216
60.2
5,595
54.2
621
10.0

6,277
60.6
5,646
54.5
631
10.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

52




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1986

1985

1988

1987

IV

IV

IV

IV

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

891
41.5
520
24.2
372
41.7
42.8
40.4

909
42.5
543
25.4
366
40.3
40.4
40.2

939
44.0
561
26.3
378
40.3
39.9
40.7

869
40.2
555
25.7
315
36.2
36.3
36.1

915
42.2
627
28.9
288
31.5
32.8
30.0

12,397 12,504 12,692 12,809
8,252 8,400 8,501
8,172
66.4
66.2
66.0
65.9
7,763
7,581
7,418
7,278
60.6
59.7
58.7
59.3
738
834
894
819
8.7
9.8
10.1
10.9

12,926
8,528
66.0
7,830
60.6
698
8.2

842
39.4
503
23.6
339
40.2
40.4
40.1

844
39.4
535
25.0
309
36.6
37.0
36.2

873
40.6
548
25.5
325
37.2
36.0
38.6

937
43.1
616
28.4
321
34.2
33.0
35.5

859
39.5
553
25.5
306
35.6
37.4
33.8

873
40.0
595
27.3
278
31.8
31.0
32.8

915
41.9
623
28.5
292
31.9
31.7
32.1

904
41.5
628
28.8
276
30.5
31.6
29.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,075 12,184 12,290
8,013
7,862
7,804
64.5
64.6
65.2
7,166
6,968 7,007
57.5
58.3
57.7
847
855
837
10.6
10.9
10.7

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented




13,043 13,153 13,268 13,382 13,495
8,914
8,724
8,889
9,119
9,007
67.2
67.6
66.9
67.6
67.3
8,127
8,176
7,981
8,409
8,286
61.3
62.2
61.2
61.9
62.3
787
713
743
721
709
8.8
8.0
8.5
7.8
8.0

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional
information.

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Full- and part- time status, sex,
and age

1985

1986

1987

IV

1988

IV

IV

IV

EMPLOYED

89,788
54,550
53,178
35,245
34,218
2,392

90,142
54,510
53,105
35,633
34,542
2,495

90,899
54,744
53,386
36,135
35,123
2,390

91,267
54,945
53,609
36,357
35,351
2,307

92,009
55,388
54,026
36,611
35,560
2,423

93,336
55,910
54,501
37,449
36,331
2,504

94,527
56,452
55,035
38,014
36,922
2,570

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

89,246
54,161
52,765
35,096
34,040
2,441

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

18,761 18,968 19,098 19,030 19,175 19,246 19,603 19,449 19,632 19,670 19,549 19,771 20,021
6,049 6,142 6,224 6,174 6,286 6,264 6,387 6,346 6,440 6,412 6,399 6,515 6,499
4,189 4,244 4,288 4,185 4,285 4,285 4,362 4,337 4,393 4,410 4,372 4,459 4,471
12,722 12,799 12,862 12,896 12,895 12,949 13,212 13,143 13,194 13,219 13,153 13,293 13,522
10,662 10,688 10,798 10,763 10,731 10,851 11,012 10,926 11,026 11,048 10,949 11,053 11,283
3,910 4,036 4,011 4,082 4,160 4,110 4,229 4,186 4,213 4,212 4,228 4,260 4,268

92,576
55,532
54,244
37,046
35,979
2,354

93,886
56,164
54,755
37,729
36,602
2,528

95,069
56,838
55,372
38,271
37,178
2,520

95,345
56,948
55,460
38,453
37,318
2,567

95,866
57,028
55,545
38,852
37,769
2,552

UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

6,709
3,881
3,423
2,824
2,483
803

6,698
3,864
3,462
2,826
2,497
739

6,852
3,985
3,530
2,882
2,546
776

6,698
3,918
3,533
2,763
2,436
730

6,608
3,890
3,528
2,700
2,394
687

6,348
3,773
3,355
2,583
2,300
693

6,064
3,610
3,223
2,466
2,186
655

5,791
3,405
3,036
2,393
2,130
625

5,658
3,288
2,923
2,390
2,092
642

5,516
3,159
2,860
2,305
2,037
620

5,305
3,089
2,746
2,229
1,982
577

5,333
3,120
2,753
2,232
1,990
590

5,255
3,093
2,739
2,196
1,935
582

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

1,498
597
227
901
574
698

1,500
569
219
931
574
706

1,556
629
246
927
565
745

1,553
641
257
902
575
721

1,514
618
255
902
547
712

1,525
607
249
915
559
717

1,422
591
218
836
505
699

1,415
568
221
848
531
663

1,421
556
198
866
524
699

1,396
563
226
828
508
662

1,331
530
206
811
490
635

1,353
545
188
808
505
661

1,286
518
211
772
494
580

NOTE: Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at
work part time are distributed according to whether they usually work full
or part time; unemployed persons are classified according to whether

54




they are seeking full- or part-time jobs. Data have been revised based on
the experience through December 1988. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1987

1986

1988

Category
IV

IV

IV

III

IV

CHARACTERISTIC

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

107,981 108,734 109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843
39,263 39,437 39,613 39,698 39,878 40,036 40,087 40,316 40,611 40,471 40,435 40,514 40,465
26,805 26,789 26,966 27,349 27,485 27,793 28,231 26,196 28,228 28,589 28,694 28,771 28,979
6,074 6,234 6,373
6,154
6,173
5,801
5,544 5,721
6,108
5,870 5,950 5,936 6,013

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,519
1,410
165
96,736
16,164
80,572
1,213
79,359
7,921
257

1,568
1,453
172

1,512
1,482
166

1,539
1,433
168

1,589
1,419
170

1,626
1,406
147

97,622 98,065 98,572 98,941 99,668
16,229 16,315 16,464 16,357 16,526
81,394 81,750 82,108 82,584 83,142
1,271
1,225
1,193
1,257
1,218
80,176 80,479 80,851 81,391 81,917
8,170
7,723 7,984 8,081
7,717
264
259
259
238
259

1,626
1,418
137

1,596
1,377
156

1,597
1,398
148

1,677
1,401
150

100,462 101,174 101,781 102,417
16,722 16,901 17,047 16,998
83,739 84,273 84,735 85,419
1,160
1,216
1,179
1,216
82,523 83,094 83,519 84,259
8,274 8,326
8,210
8,144
267
241
245
269

102,553
17,002
85,551
1,137
84,414
8,640
290

103,299
17,096
86,203
1,126
85,077
8,536
241

103,802
17,350
86,452
1,190
85,262
8,567
266

1,638
1,451
162

1,639
1,411
149

1,622
1,427
150

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,414
5,337 5,353
5,115
5,210
5,352 5,131
5,505 5,628 5,511
5,791
5,486 5,461
2,339 2,388 2,387 2,402 2,292 2,351
2,304 2,327 2,573 2,457 2,491
2,349
2,421
2,670 2,590 2,486 2,467 2,395
2,733 2,678 2,631
2,878 2,830 2,873 2,723 2,801
13,670 13,844 13,922 13,939 14,043 14,177 14,443 14,451 14,554 14,618 14,791 15,098 15,323

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,979 4,860
5,100
4,901
5,369 5,227 5,066 5,066 5,136
5,271
5,263 5,234 5,530
2,245 2,150
2,206 2,210
2,306 2,340 2,230 2,156
2,202 2,196
2,174
2,425
2,184
2,575 2,504 2,402 2,406 2,305
2,647 2,597 2,551
2,701
2,776 2,754 2,776 2,661
13,224 13,391 13,498 13,525 13,602 13,719 13,953 13,989 14,093 14,163 14,332 14,663 14,864

1
Excludes persons "with a iob but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1987

1986

1988

Sex and age
IV

107,981 108,734 109,257 109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over ....

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:

IV

20,149
6,601
2,689
3,906
13,548
92,021
77,551
14,462

20,306
6,353
2,475
3,892
13,952
87,661
73,386
14,287

20,364 20,288
6,412
6,507
2,549
2,643
3,891
3,861
13,952 13,781.
88,398 88,943
74,147 74,551
14,223 14,376

20,209 20,188 20,186
6,514
6,476
6,481
2,619
2,679
2,696
3,836
3,826
3,821
13,734 13,707 13,672
91,068
89,781 90,223
75,392 75,953 76,647
14,420 14,278 14,397

60,187

60,695 60,747

60,920 61,204

10,564
3,244
1,296
1,961
7,321
49,619
41,178
8,455

10,664 10,554 10,540 10,529
3,345
3,319
3,269
3,343
1,353
1,369
1,312
1,375
1,969
1,972
1,967
1,973
7,395
7,212
7,195
7,211
50,054 50,171 50,389 50,673
41,626 41,723 42,029 42,276
8,412
8,439
8,369
8,411

10,509 10,395 10,473 10,391 10,424
3,324
3,350
3,415
3,434
3,447
1,384
1,367
1,408
1,409
1,410
1,972
1,953
1,987
2,036
2,039
7,159
7,071
7,058
6,977
6,957
51,173 51,521 51,788 52,184 52,473
43,293
42,666 42,982
43,602 43,944
8,497
8,531
8,507
8,517
8,593

10,458
3,506
1,400
2,103
6,952
52,786
44,256
8,517

47,794

48,039

49,567

50,263

50,600

50,894

51,257

9,741
9,677
9,754
9.700
9,669
9,658
9,733
3,164
3,277
3,110
3,143
3,162
3,164
3,131
1,179
1,237
1,310
1,311
1,322
1,268
1,266
1,931
1,864
1,952
1,918
1,893
1,853
1,852
6,513
6,477
6,632
6,557
6,569
6,496
6,539
38,042 38,344 38,773 39,392 39,550 39,895 40,500
32,209 32,521 32,828 33,362 33,677 33,981 34,569
5,931
5,867
5,900
5,832
5,811
6,052
5,937

9,759
3,305
1,389
1,913
6,454
40,861
34,871
6,012

9,710
3,289
1,349
1,936
6,421
41,171
35,113
6,050

9,726
3,294
1,321
1,979
6,432
41,531
35,435
6,084

48,509

49,047 49,224

Data have been revised based on the experience through

61,666 61,937

20,231 20,101
6,720
6,723
2,797
2,758
3,900
3,975
13,512 13,378
92,649 93,355
78,164 78,715
14,519 14,643

20,150 20,077
6,742
6,810
2,730
2,725
4,015
4,080
13,409 13,267
94,004 94,575
79,379 79,987
14,601 14,576

20,103
6,874
2,680
4,175
13,229
95,152
80,587
14,587

19,886
6,804
2,715
4,095
13,083
95,944
81,197
14,750

62,243

62,895 63,262

63,435

63,501

10,439
3,530
1,395
2,122
6,909
53,024
44,519
8,513

10,323
3,484
1,407
2,093
6,840
53,172
44,720
8,463

51,426

51,767

52,342

9,619
3,304
1,324
1,977
6,315
41,789
35,732
6,059

9,664
9,563
3,344
3,320
1,285
1,308
2,053
2,002
6,320
6,243
42,128 42,772
36,068 36,477
6,074
6,288

62,581

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-48. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1987

1986

1988

Sex and age
IV

IV
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

,

8,202

8,184

3,218
1,503
682
823
1,715
4,974
4,383
574

3,109
1,444
663
789
1,665
5,084
4,479
614

4,479




6,678

6,545

2,475
1,216
548
667
1,259
4,181
3,712
469

2,466
1,244
609
634
1,222
4,219
3,754
456

2,404
1,165
538
622
1,239
4,126
3,692
436

3,837

3,759

3,625

3,621

3,596

1,450
695
328
358
755
2,511
2,206
305

1,403
714
348
362
689
2,419
2,124
294

1.397
685
320
375
712
2,371
2,066
309

1,325
660
297
365
665
2,292
2,002
288

1,337
683
325
350
654
2,293
2,013
277

1,310
643
303
336
667
2,274
1,998
276

3,307

3,253

3,241

3,134

3,039

3,057

2,949

1,296
605
292
310
691
2,008
1,826
183

1,253
586
276
315
667
1,998
1,811
183

1,228
632
305
327
597
2,008
1,812
197

1,203
596
278
314
607
1,935
1,764
172

1,150
556
250
302
594
1,889
1,710
182

1,129
561
284
284
568
1,926
1,742
179

1,094
522
235
286
572
1,852
1.694
161

7,203

7,077

2,995
1,408
672
743
1,586
4,872
4,398
480

2,859
1,358
664
695
1,501
4,645
4,141
505

2,703
1,281
604
673
1,422
4,509
4,018
488

2,631
1,345
653
688
1,286
4,427
3,936
491

4,526

4,358

4,208

3,950

1,701
788
363
411
914
2,888
2,520
368

1,621
741
334
405
880
2,891
2,521
363

1,612
767
363
413
846
2,754
2,451
306

1,562
753
372
386
810
2,638
2,315
322

3,824

3,661

3,594

3,494

1,455
698
325
371
757
2,369
2,153
220

1,405
656
298
362
749
2,255
2,040
213

1,390
663
314
350
727
2,203
2,003
199

1,382
642
308
331
741
2,118
1,947
174

8,120

3,201
1,525
689
841
1,676
5,233
4,677
563

3,106
1,444
661
773
1,662
5,143
4,560
582

3,011
1,404
648
755
1,607
5,093
4,525
562

4,435

4,615

4,577

1,742
828
362
466
913
2,728
2,368
350

1,649
761
358
411
888
2,789
2,433
363

1,746
827
363
470
919
2,864
2,524
343

3,723

3,750

1,476
674
320
357
802
2,246
2,016
224

1,460
683
306
378
777
2,294
2,046
251

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through

56

6,893
2,600
1,281
598
689
1,319
4,306
3,830
481

7,852

8,439

IV
6,664

7,514

8,238

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-49. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1986

1985

1987

1988

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

7.1

7.0

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.3

13.7
19.1
21.6
17.4
10.9
5.4
5.6
3.9

13.2
18.4
20.6
16.9
10.7
5.4
5.7
4.1

13.6
19.0
20.7

13.3
18.2
20.2
16.8
10.8
5.4
5.7
3.9

13.0
17.8
19.5
16.5
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

12.9
17.8
19.9
16.2
10.4
5.1
5.4
3.2

12.4
17.1
19.8
15.1
10.0
4.8
5.1
3.4

11.8
16.0
17.8
14.7
9.5
4.6
4.9
3.2

11.6
16.7
19.1
14.8
8.8
4.5
4.8
3.2

11.4
16.0
18.0
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.2

11.0
15.2
16.7
14.0
8.7
4.2
4.4
3.1

10.9
15.3
18.5
13.2
8.5
4.2
4.5
3.0

10.8
14.6
16.5
13.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

17i
10.8
5.6
5.9
3.8

III

6.9

6.8

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

14.2
20.3
21.8
19.2
11.1
5.2
5.4
4.0

13.4
18.9
21.4
17.2
10.7
5.3
5.5
4.1

14.2
19.8
20.9
19.3
11.3
5.4
5.7
3.9

13.9
19.1
21.2
17.2
11.3
5.4
5.7
4.2 '

13.3
18.3
19.6
17.1
10.9
5.4
5.6
4.1

13.3
18.6
20.8
17.3
10.6
5.1
5.4
3.5

13.1
18.5
21.4
16.5
10.3
4.9
5.1
3.6

12.2
16.9
18.9
15.3
9.7
4.6
4.8
3.5

11.9
17.2
19.8
15.1
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.3

11.8
16.6
18.5
15.6
9.3
4.3
4.5
3.5

11.2
15.8
17.5
14.8
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.3

11.4
16.2
18.9
14.2
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.2

11.3
15.6
17.7
13.8
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

7.2

7.2

7.3

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.3

13.2
17.8
21.4
15.6
10.8
5.6
5.9
3.7

13.1
17.9
19.8
16.4
10.6
5.6
5.9
4.1

13.0
18.1
20.4
16.4
10.3
5.8
6.2
3.6

12.7
17.3
19.1
16.3
10.3
5.4
5.8
3.4

12.6
17.3
19.3
15.9
10.1
5.3
5.6
3.3

12.5
16.9
19.0
15.1
10.2
5.0
5.4
2.9

11.7
15.6
18.1
13.7
9.6
4.7
5.0
3.0

11.4
15.1
16.6
14.1
9.4
4.7
4.9
2.9

11.2
16.1
18.4
14.4
8.5
4.6
4.9
3.2

11.0
15.3
17.4
13.7
8.6
4.5
4.7
2.7

10.7
14.4
15.9
13.2
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.9

10.5
14.4
18.1
12.2
8.2
4.4
4.6
2.9

10.3
13.6
15.3
12.5
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.5

Data have been revised based on the experience through

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-50. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1985

1988

1986

Category

CHARACTERISTIC

7.1
6.0
6.4
19.1

7.0
6.0
6.4
18.4

7.2
6.2
6.4
19.0

7.0
6.2
6.1
18.2

6.8
6.1
6.0
17.8

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

6.0
13.8
15.2
10.7

6.1
13.1
14.5
10.9

6.2
13.4
14.7

6.0
13.1
14.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

4.2
5.4
10.1

4.4
5.3
10.0

4.4
5.4
9.8

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

6.7
9.1
1.9
7.9

6.7
9.0
1.9
7.9

7.1
8.7
8.7
13.0
7.5
7.5
7.5
6.3
5.2
7.7
5.4
3.8
12.3

7.0
8.4
10.5
12.9
7.1
7.0
7.2
6.3
5.3
7.5
5.6
3.8
12.4

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16.to 19 years

5.9
5.0
5.2

5.7
4.9
5.0

16.7

16.0

5.1
11.3
12.6
8.2

5.0
11.0

4.1
4.3
9.4

3.8
4.2
9.1

6.2
9.0
1.8
7.4

5.9
8.2
1.7
7.2

6.6
8.0
12.3
12.1
6.7
6.5
6.9
5.9
4.5
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.1

6.3
7.5
10.8
12.0
6.1
6.0
6.3
5.7
4.6
7.1
4.9
3.5
9.2

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.6

5.5
4.7
4.9
15.2

5.5
4.7
4.9
15.3

4.8
11.1
12.4
8.0

4.7
10.6
11.9

9.9

4.6
9.9

11.2

11.3

3.5
4.2
8.6

3.4
4.0
8.2

3.2
3.9
8.2

3.2
3.9
8.0

3.2
3.7
7.9

5.6
8.2
1.6
6.8

5.5
8.2
1.5
6.7

5.3
8.0
1.4
6.6

5.1
7.6
1.3
6.3

5.1
7.6
1.3
6.4

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.2

6.0
7.0
8.2
11.5
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.5
4.3
6.7
4.8
3.4
9.9

5.8
6.7
7.8

5.7
6.7
7.9

10.9
5.4
5.1
6.0
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3

11.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.2
3.9
6.4
4.6
2.9
11.0

5.5
6.4
8.1
10.5
5.2
4.8
5.8
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.5
2.9
11.1

5.5
6.5
7.0
10.2
5.4
5.0
5.9
5.0
3.7
6.2
4.4
2.9

5.4
6.4
8.5
10.3
5.2
5.0
5.5
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.6
9.4

6.0
5.2
5.3

17.8

6.3
5.6
5.4
17.1

5.9
12.7
14.3

5.7
12.4
13.9
9.8

5.4
11.7
13.1
8.7

4.4
5.1
9.8

4.4
4.9
9.6

4.1
4.6
9.7

6.8
9.3
1.9
8.1

6.6
9.2
1.9
7.9

6.5
9.0
1.9
7.7

7.2
8.6
13.6
12.6
7.2
7.1
7.4
6.5
5.3
7.9
5.7
3.6

7.0
8.5
15.9
12.9
7.0
6.7
7.4
6.3
5.1
7.6
5.6
3.3
12.3

6.9
8.9
14.7
14.1
7.2
7.0
7.5
6.0
4.7
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.2

6.6
5.8
5.8

4.8

8.8

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
2




11.2

10.9

hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-51. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1986

1987

1988

Weeks of unemployment
IV

IV

IV

IV

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,429
2,510
2,243
1,007
1,235

3,476
2,524
2,218
1,067
1,151

3,542
2,684
2,227
1,022
1,204

3,423
2,521
2,288
1,081
1,207

3,362
2,543
2,204
1,022
1,182

3,382
2,409
2,109
979
1,131

3,208
2,185
2,085
1,002
1,083

3,193
2,102
1,892
891
1,001

3,205
2,060
1,804
872
932

3,091
2,122
1,718
844
874

3,086
1,982
1,580
765
815

3,086
1,964
1,608
811
797

3,068
1,936
1,517
778
739

15.4
7.0

14.9
6.8

14.9
6.9

15.4
7.1

15.1
7.1

14.8
6.7

14.9
6.7

14.2
6.3

14.1
6.1

14.0
6.3

13.5
5.9

13.5
5.9

12.9
5.7

100.0
41.9
30.7
27.4
12.3
15.1

100.0
42.3
30.7
27.0
13.0
14.0

100.0
41.9
31.8
26.3
12.1
14.2

100.0
41.6
30.6
27.8
13.1
14.7

100.0
41.5
31.4
27.2
12.6
14.6

100.0
42.8
30.5
26.7
12.4
14.3

100.0
42.9
29.2
27.9
13.4
14.5

100.0
44.4
29.2
26.3
12.4
13.9

100.0
45.3
29.1
25.5
12.3
13.2

100.0
44.6
30.6
24.8
12.2
12.6

100.0
46.4
29.8
23.8
11.5
12.3

100.0
46.4
29.5
24.1
12.2
12.0

100.0
47.0
29.7
23.3
11.9
11.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:

Data have been revised based on the experience through

December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-52. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1986

1987

1988

Reasons for unemployment
IV

IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,051
1,147
2,903
879
2,223
1,036

4,031
1,123
2,908
976
2,174
1,011

4,167
1,105
3,062
1,043
2,180
1,056

4,005
1,058
2,946
1,009
2,181
1,051

3,951
1,066
2,885
1,037
2,103
1,003

3,847
1,018
2,829
968
2,059
994

3,634
946
2,688
953
1,998
921

3,409
871
2,538
991
1,926
873

3,313
898
2,415
949
1,914
893

3,165
877
2,288
1,025
1,872
865

3,080
837
2,243
960
1,785
832

3,092
855
2,237
965
1,831
787

3,016
826
2,190
982
1,746
782

100.0
49.5
14.0
35.5
10.7
27.1
12.7

100.0
49.2
13.7
35.5
11.9
26.5
12.3

100.0
49.3
13.1
36.3
12.4
25.8
12.5

100.0
48.6
12.8
35.7
12.2
26.4
12.7

100.0
48.8
13.2
35.6
12.8
26.0
12.4

100.0
48.9
12.9
35.9
12.3
26.2
12.6

100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
12.7
26.6
12.3

100.0
47.4
12.1
35.3
13.8
26.8
12.1

100.0
46.9
12.7
34.2
13.4
27.1
12.6

100.0
45.7
12.7
33.0
14.8
27.0
12.5

100.0
46.3
12.6
33.7
14.4
26.8
12.5

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
14.5
27.4
11.8

100.0
46.2
12.7
33.6
15.0
26.8
12.0

3.5
.8
1.9
.9

3.4
.8
1.9
.9

3.5
.9
1.9
.9

3.4
.9
1.8
.9

3.3
.9
1.8
.8

3.2
.8
1.7
.8

3.0
.8
1.7
.8

2.8
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:

Data have been revised based on the experience through

58




December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

1985

1987

1986

1988

Reason, sex, and race
IV

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now ....
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now .
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons'

62,758 62,906 62,626 62,630 62,817 62,917 62,813 62,970 62,915 62,922 63,037 62,959 62,865
56,732 57,195 56,846 56,695 56,987 57,062 57,048 57,324 57,357 57,490 57,630 58,202 57,491
6,324 6,246 6,475 6,121 6,343 6,423 6,388 6,317 6,436 6,350 6,329 7,022 6,229
3,957 4,176 4,064 4,088 3,907 4,147 4,207 4,431 4,397 4,292 4,482 4,453 4,730
26,885 26,747 26,529 26,120 26,069 26,205 25,553 25,563 25,578 25,304 25,339 25,331 24,588
15,213 15,204 15,319 15,840 16,025 15,870 16,259 16,341 16,456 16,869 16,797 16,825 17,251
4,353 4,822 4,458 4,525 4,643 4,416 4,641 4,672 4,490 4,675 4,683 4,571 4,693
5,997

5,767

5,856

5,931

5,848

5,775

5,885

5,788

5,455

5,484

5,318

5,276

5,418

1,477
868
1,366
1,179
778
400
1,107

1,441
845
1,380
1,059
752
307
1,042

1,381
865
1,297
1,130
776
354
1,183

1,511
905
1,200
1,160
753
407
1,155

1,415
769
1,357
1,150
828
322
1,158

1,364
854
1,240
1,107
735
373
1,209

1,479
906
1,326
1,053
706
347
1,122

1,516
838
1,265
1,026
652
374
1,142

1,371
849
1,237
913
587
326
1,085

1,327
849
1,193
990
667
323
1,125

1,286
832
1,209
914
600
314
1,076

1,387
794
1,128
941
599
341
1,026

1,412
750
1,145
951
597
354
1,160

20,159 20,288 20,306 20,426 20,453 20,494 20,647 20,840 20,839 20,866 20,858 20,926 21,084
18,116 18,407 18,418 18,270 18,424 18,478 18,623 18,869 18,868 19,012 18,888 19,100; 19,062
1,976

1,948

1,952

2,066

2,000

1,996

2,081

2,044

1,902

1,966

1,889

1,920

1,985

698
398
496
384

756
376
412
404

656
456
410
431

793
440
431
401

666
361
499
473

680
415
452
450

753
464
437
427

742
407
445
449

719
417
364
403

654
410
440
462

677
367
414
431

669
379
447
425

716
351
446
473

Women
Total not in labor force ...

42,599 42,619 42,320 42,204 42,365 42,423 42,166 42,130 42,076 42,056 42,180 42,035 41,781

Do not want a job now .

38,616 38,788 38,428 38,425 38,563 38,583 38,425 38,455 38,488 38,478 38,742 39,103 38,428

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ....
Think cannot get a job ,
Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now ....

4,021

3,819

3,904

3,865

3,848

3,779

3,804

3,744

3,553

3,518

3,429

3,356

3,433

779
470
1,366
682
724

685
469
1,380
647
638

725
409
1,297
720
752

717
466
1,200
729
753

749
408
1,357
651
684

685
439
1,240
655
760

726
442
1,326
615
695

774
431
1,265
581
693

652
432
1,237
549
682

673
439
1,193
551
663

609
466
1,209
500
645

718
415
1,128
494
601

697
399
1,145
505
688

53,674 53,827 53,625 53,474 53,569 53,700 53,582 53,759 53,690 53,517 53,493 53,447 53,325
49,299 49,519 49,412 49,185 49,353 49,445 49,291 49,496 49,594 49,547 49,651 49,728 49,381
4,378

4,272

4,329

4,287

4,209

4,187

4,362

4,277

4,012

4,012

3,886

3,691

3,854

1,041
604
1,015
801
917

1,014
631
1,037
712
877

974
610
1,004
758
984

1,013
630
900
827
916

955
542
982
801
929

955
615
924
745
948

1,108
687
954
718
895

1,058
645
950
679
945

962
651
901
611
887

954
640
848
670
900

917
639
846
596
888

908
556
806
600
821

911
511
828
676
928

7,317

7,304

7,192

7,428

7,411

7,382

7,427

7,322

7,314

7,431

7,561

7,497

7,471

Do not want a job now .

5,939

5,964

5,908

6,022

6,036

5,976

6,151

6,083

6,090

6,115

6,340

6,227

6,182

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons'

1,387

1,321

1,327

1,390

1,394

1,388

1,323

1,207

1,211

1,301

1,267

1,241

1,259

344
239
286
352
167

380
211
292
306
132

350
218
269
307
183

411
240
271
271
197

373
197
304
297
223

344
227
290
327
201

326
196
314
314
173

322
158
279
294
154

335
173
299
244
161

346
197
308
264
185

327
187
315
276
162

316
217
270
290
147

374
206
272
210
197

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
Black
Total not in labor force

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1988. See the article in this issue for additional information.

59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Age

Total

Reason and sex

IV
1987

IV
1988

62,947

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

60 years
and over

25 to 59
years

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

62,856

6,985

6,884

4,159

4,056

20,685

20,478

31,119

31,439

57,614

57,586

5,904

5,852

3,463

3,340

17,810

17,643

30,439

30,747

8,184
4,248
25,391
16,224
3,567

7,915
4,577
24,381
16,990
3,723

5,285
37
340

5,191
56
316

1,909
116

1,756
131
1,161
2

971
2,128
12,013

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

965

19

1,970

4
2,128

290

404
2,294

2,261
11,616
425
2,376

11,897
15,819
734

11,288
16,561
766

715

2,875

2,833

679

689

220
50
211
92
61
31
122

225
46
217

335
541
748
562
380
182
647

12
199

122

262
616
845
537
376
161
615

92
99
222

11
178
59
183
78
104
258

1,141
242

289

297
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

5,333

5,271

1,082

1,033

695

1,343
901
1,170
891
566
325
1,028

1,387
787
1,083
923
574
349
1,091

849
35
60
71
39
32
67

816
22
59
73
52
21
63

21,130

21,361

3,459

3,373

1,532

1,462

4,163

4,276

11,977

12,250

19,229

19,393

2,889

2,853

1,280

1,193

3,388

3,440

11,676

11,908

4,113
2,226
484
10,325
2,081

4,022
2,379
439
10,488
2,066

2,717
14
27

2,676

1,028
57
27

363
1,274
158
308

7
881
275
10,017

1,285

365
1,311
168
308
1,288

2
960
257

168

980
77
5
2
129

496

10,178
511

1,902

1,968

571

252

269

776

836

302

341

5
103
76

105
64
42

55
191

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons1

31
9

131

137
521

707
458
358
378

702
382
436
448

485
21
45
20

442
7
40
32

117
43
41
51

140
27
54
48

100
292
197
187

114
261
240
221

118

6
87
102
146

41,817

41,495

3,526

3,511

2,628

2,594

16,521

16,202

19,141

19,189

38,385

38,192

3,017

2,998

2,182

2,149

14,423

14,204

18,763

18,841

4,071
2,023
24,907
5,899
1,486

3,893
2,198
23,942
6,502
1,657

2,569
24

2,514

26

879
58

776
55

610
853

602
950

11,854
313

306

1,116

1,156

97

11,447
118

2
1,169
11,032
6,383
255

111

152

129

162

3,432

3,303

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons

636
443
1,170
533
650

685
406
1,083
487
643

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54 and A-55 may not add to not-in-labor-

60




510

512

446

364
14
60
25
47

375
15
59
33
30

105
7
211
52
71

445
85
19
217
51
73

1,009

1,087

13
1,088
11,623
5,801
238

2,097

1,996

378

348

161
324
845
340
427

220
280
748
321
427

7
97
55

5
91

115

81
112

104

59

force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Reason, race, and Hispanic origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

16 to 24
years
IV
1987

Sex

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

IV
1988

IV
1987

Women

Men

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1988

IV
1987

53,746 53,352 8,624

8,358

17,219 16,852 27,903 28,142 17,782 17,876 35,964 35,476

49,811 49,591 7,413

7,174

15,063 14,831 27,336 27,582 16,368 16,480 33,443 33,111

6,167 5,677
6,385
118
3,642
3,309
22,568 21,609
14,638 15,261 1,230
2,911 2,912
388
3,935 3,761
1,207
905
949
742
548
701
60
796
864
180
663
598
86
849
823
139

5,412
139

694
3
751
16
1,634 1,754 1,559 1,749
10,515 10,118 10,821 10,282
382 14,273 14,876
365
667
1,855 1,826
672

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,210

3,254
1,731
394
9,342
1,647

2,999
3,168 3,131
1,908 1,578 1,734
353 22,174 21,256
9,476 5,296 5,785
1,575 1,264 1,337

413
2,154

2,018

567

562

1,415

1,397

2,523

2,365

1,182
702
47
170
124
139

192
483
633
357
489

198
353
583
389
495

12
157
51
152
195

5
149
43
150
215

521
375

465
267

214
305

323
342

428
327
864
385
519

440
281
796
341
507

BLACK
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

7,326

7,472 2,022

2,030

2,610

2,704

2,695

2,738

2,708

2,747

4,618

4,725

6,099

6,190

1,524

1,556

1,984

1,992

2,587

2,640

2,282

2,302

3,817

3,885

1,282
857
2,086
1,331
543

1,238
848

1,129
27

1,148
45

2,015

231

230

151
455
976
32
370

91
448
968
37
448

374
879
1,299
35

355
816
1,393
76

587
451
68
816
360

587
413
60
831
411

695
406
2,018
515
183

650
434
1,954
600
247

137

133

1,227

1,282

626

712

107

97

426

446

800

839

499
293
25
85
55
41

474
278
21
97
47
31

57
122
188
155
104

115
174
146
139
138

38
5
36
28

19
14
26
38

166
79

178
95

119
62

90
83

182
104
278
127
109

216
119
257
123
124

4,320

4,374 1,213

1,198

2,057

2,087

1,051

1,088

1,214

1,188

3,106

3,186

3,794

3,791

1,030

934

1,759

1,807

1,003

1,052

1,029

994

2,764

2,795

702
338
2,057
476
221

560
343
2,119
471
298

632
27

509
12

286

351

67
215
1,335
17
125

53
224
1,311
10
209

2
94
438
460
9

106
457
461
28

338
195
55
308
133

274
195
37
323
165

363
143
2,003
168
87

285
148
2,082
147
133

85

62

526

583

297

282

47

38

184

193

341

391

182
90
10
37
26
19

261
17
61
89
53
77

13
34
87
72
76

23
7
7
10

22

60
56

69
33

29
39

54
37

46
37
134
57
67

69
24
147
71
80

348
183
278
246
172

1,431
658

393
214
257
212
207

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

106
93
134
87
106

137
57
147
125
117

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not




123
2
59
50
27

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-56. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
4th Quarter 1988
Age

Reason and sex
Total

Race and Hispanic origin

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

White

Black

106

Hispanic
origin

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap

119
152
78

2
12
7

33
9

28
101
53

89
6
9

100
69

13
28
7

9
25
1

Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

328
246

35
17

49
15

215
165

30
48

202
188

117
48

62
28

16
20
36

44

16
4

49
26
49

10
5

30
6

93
76

19
35

96
104

57
18

28
14

17
5

12
81
16

46
6
4

57
74
20

3
23
7

5
17

19
9

123
89

12
14

106
84

60
31

34
14

Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

60
41
51
156
128

16
11

Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap

111
27

Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

172
118

59

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

62




19
6

1

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within
the next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex

IV
1987

IV
1988

16 to 24
years
IV
1987

Race

25 to 59
years
IV
1988

60 years
and over
IV
1987

IV
1988

White
IV
1987

IV
1988

Black
IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1988

IV
1987

53,095 53,224 5,842
9,850 9,632 5,301
1,657 1,591 1,476
1,174 1,131
45
1,979 1,889
562
5,040 5,021 3,218

5,928
5,011
1,391
45
527
3,048

16,757 16,529 30,496 30,766 45,937 45,873 5,583
672 7,809 7,478 1,743
623
3,927 3,948
19 1,136 1,043
452
2
181
178
220
239
843
902
199
866
932
198 1,545 1,449
364
195
1,223 1,163
236 4,227 4,144
688
227
1,595 1,738

5,737
1,735
456
257
363
660

17,155 17,513 2,385
3,975 3,848 2,606
710
727
736
9
260
276
182
573
625
2,338 2,288 1,705

2,392
2,443
678
11
156
1,598

3,187 11,657 11,935 14,604 14,848 2,048
660
316 3,178 3,028
319
1,090
180
49
503
523
80
87
94
174
162
185
110
101
99
317
431
482
289
124
130 1,989 1,920
560

2,135
612
183
61
106
262

35,941 35,711 3,457
5,875 5,784 2,696
864
766
920
36
872
899
382
1,354 1,316
2,702 2,733 1,512

3,536
2,568
713
34
371
1,450

13,645 13,342 18,837 18,833 31,333 31,025 3,535
356 4,631 4,450 1,083
304
2,876 2,860
151
272
19
2
132
540
613
159
133
704
760
669
717
103
254
99 1,063 1,018
94
846
879
398
106 2,238 2,224
104
1,086 1,178

3,602
1,123
273
195
256
398

TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

3,112
1,050
27
172
343
509

Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months




63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-58. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Employment status, sex, and age

Black

Hispanic origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

183,467
120,520
65.7
113,795
3,064
110,732
6,725
5.6
62,947

185,253
122,397
66.1
116,181
3,099
113,082
6,216
5.1
62,856

157,448
103,702
65.9
98,739
2,860
95,879
4,963
4.8
53,746

158,611
105,259
66.4
100,655
2,914
97,741
4,604
4.4
53,352

20,481
13,155
64.2
11,615
157
11,458
1,540
11.7
7,326

20,813
13,341
64.1
11,911
143
11,768
1,430
10.7
7,472

13,043
8,723
66.9
7,998
340
7,658
725
8.3
4,320

13,495
9,121
67.6
8,431
423
8,007
691
7.6
4,374

87,256
66,125
75.8
62,483
2,408
60,074
3,643
5.5
21,130

88,181
66,820
75.8
63,403
2,420
60,984
3,416
5.1
21,361

75,441
57,659
76.4
54,874
2,229
52,645
2.784
4.8
17,782

76,075
58,198
76.5
55,591
2,261
53,330
2,607
4.5
17,876

9,187
6,479
70.5
5,743
138
5,605
736
11.4
2,708

9,345
6,598
70.6
5,882
124
5,758
716
10.8
2,747

6,461
5,247
81.2
4,818
302
4,517
428
8.2
1,214

6,691
5,503
82.2
5,101
377
4,725
401
7.3
1,188

79,898
62,227
77.9
59,256
2,253
57,003
2,971
4.8
17,671

80,925
62,937
77.8
60,121
2,263
57,859
2,816
4.5
17,988

69,431
54,315
78.2
52,030
2,077
49,953
2,285
4.2
15,116

70,149
54,858
78.2
52,699
2,106
50,592
2,160
3.9
15,290

8,117
6,033
74.3
5,445
135
5,311
588
9.7
2,084

8,269
6,141
74.3
5,570
123
5,447
571
9.3
2,128

5,784
4,894
84.6
4,529
286
4,243
364
7.4
891

6,004
5,127
85.4
4,807
355
4,452
320
6.2
877

96,211
54,395
56.5
51,313
655
50,658
3,082
5.7
41,817

97,072
55,577
57.3
52,777
679
52,098
2,800
5.0
41,495

82,007
46,043
56.1
43,865
631
43,234
2,178
4.7
35,964

82,536
47,060
57.0
45,063
653
44,411
1,997
4.2
35,476

11,294
6,676
59.1
5,872
19
5,853
804
12.0
4,618

11,468
6,743
58.8
6,029
19
6,010
714
10.6
4,725

6,582
3,476
52.8
3,180
38
3,142
296
8.5
3,106

6,805
3,619
53.2
3,329
46
3,283
290
8.0
3,186

88,925
50,634
56.9
48,129
624
47,506
2,505
4.9
38,291

89,883
51,899
57.7
49,567
636
48,931
2,332
4.5
37,984

76,091
42,817
56.3
41,050
601
40,450
1,767
4.1
33,273

76,713
43,877
57.2
42,229
610
41,619
1,648
3.8
32,836

10,192
6,245
61.3
5,584
18
5,566
661
10.6
3,947

10,364
6.351
61.3
5,741
19
5,722
611
9.6
4,012

5,916
3,204
54.2
2,979
36
2,943
225
7.0
2,712

6,128
3,351
54.7
3,114
44
3,070
238
7.1
2,777

14,644
7,659
52.3
6,411
187
6,223
1,249
16.3
6,985

14,445
7,561
52.3
6,492
200
6,292
1,069
14.1
6,884

11,926
6,570
55.1
5.659
183
5,476
911
13.9
5,357

11,749
6,523
55.5
5,727
197
5,530
796
12.2
5,226

2,172
877
40.4
586
4
582
292
33.2
1,295

2,180
849
38.9
601
1
600
248
29.2
1,332

1,342
625
46.6
490
18
472
135
21.6
717

1,363
643
47.2
510
24
486
133
20.7
720

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

64




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59.

Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

13,043
8,723
66.9
7,998
340
7,658
725
8.3
4,320

13,495
9,121
67.6
8,431
423
8,007
691
7.6
4,374

7,733
5,270
68.1
4,798
295
4,503
472
9.0
2,463

8,128
5,663
69.7
5,207
377
4,830
456
8.1
2,464

1,549
830
53.6
734
4
729
96
11.6
719

1,563
866
55.4
789
4
785
77
8.9
697

866
598
69.1
560
9
551
39
6.5
268

852
554
65.0
512
9
503
42
7.6
298

6,461
5,247
81.2
4,818
302
4,517
428
8.2
1,214

6,691
5,503
82.2
5,101
377
4,725
401
7.3
1,188

3,970
3,284
82.7
2,994
268
2,725
290
8.8
686

4,168
3,541
85.0
3,269
337
2,932
272
7.7
627

673
480
71.3
421
3
418
59
12.2
193

677
499
73.7
450
4
447
49
9.7
177

416
335
80.5
314
7
307
21
6.2
81

414
324
78.3
298
6
292
26
7.9
90

5,784
4,894
84.6
4,529
286
4,243
364
7.4
891

6,004
5,127
85.4
4,807
355
4,452
320
6.2
877

3,523
3,035
86.1
2,794
254
2,539
241
7.9
488

3,714
3,268
88.0
3,058
317
2,741
210
6.4
445

609
454
74.5
401
3
398
53
11.7
155

612
467
76.3
427
4
423
40
8.6
145

396
327
82.6
308
7
300
20
6.0
69

390
311
79.7
287
6
281
24
7.7
79

6,582
3,476
52.8
3,180
38
3,142
296
8.5
3,106

6,805
3,619
53.2
3,329
46
3,283
290
8.0
3,186

3,763
1,986
52.8
1,804
26
1,778
182
9.1
1,777

3,960
2,123
53.6
1,938
40
1,898
184
8.7
1,837

875
350
40.0
312
1
311
37
10.7
526

886
367
41.4
338

450
263
58.4
245
1
244
18
6.8
186

438
230
52.5
214
2
211
16
7.1
208

5,916
3,204
54.2
2,979
36
2,943
225
7.0
2,712

6,128
3,351
54.7
3,114
44
3,070
238
7.1
2,777

3,351
1,812
54.1
1,677
24
1,653
135
7.5
1,539

3,506
1,937
55.2
1,792
38
1,754
144
7.4
1,569

785
319
40.6
291
1
289
28
8.9
466

800
341
42.6
316

428
252
58.9
238
1
237
14
5.7
175

411
220
53.5
204
2
202
16
7.3
191

1,342
625
46.6
490
18
472
135
21.6
717

1,363
643
47.2
510
24
486
133
20.7
720

859
423
49.2
327
16
311
96
22.6
436

908
458
50.4
356
22
335
102
22.3
450

154
56
36.4
42

150
57
38.0
45

42
19

50
22
(2)
20

42
15
()
98

45
12
()
93

14
5

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

338
29
7.8
519

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

316
25
7.3
459

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




2

14

2

23

20
2
(2)
28

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.

65

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total
Category

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

Hispanic origin

Black

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

98,739 100,655
54,874 55,591
43,865 45,063

11,615
5,743
5,872

11,911
5,882
6,029

7,998
4,818
3,180

8,431
5,101
3,329

CHARACTERISTIC
113,795 116,181
62,483 63,403
51,313 52,777

Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

28,364
13,573
14,791

29,723
14,322
15,402

25,598
12,377
13,221

26,959
13,162
13,797

1,825
815
1,009

1,759
778
981

1,133
552
581

1,070
543
527

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,686
3,415
13,730
18,541

35,923
3,578
14,072
18,273

31,381
2,960
12,465
15,956

31,395
3,102
12,721
15,572

3,196
294
859
2,042

3,406
307
944
2,154

2,015
120
722
1,173

2,060
165
720
1,175

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,119
946
1,912
12,261

15,514
941
1,934
12,640

11,906
713
1,600
9,593

12,263
718
1,579
9,965

2,700
210
281
2,209

2,702
209
317
2,177

1,376
122
119
1,134

1,692
186
124
1,381

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,622
4,422
5,092
4,108

13,680
4,369
5,127
4,184

12,295
3,992
4,639
3,665

12,270
3,933
4,667
3,670

999
327
362
310

1,035
322
369
344

1,137
338
393
406

1,118
340
413
365

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,743
8,098
4,811
4,834
795
4,038

18,044
8,278
4,911
4,854
786
4,068

14,547
6,592
3,995
3,960
643
3,317

14,746
6,756
4,089
3,902
642
3,260

2,699
1,214
730
755
134
621

2,790
1,229
727
833
123
710

1,951
1,080
335
536
99
437

2,047
1,140
370
536
125
412

3,262

3,295

3,012

3,022

197

220

386

444

1,523
1,407
134

1,579
1,385
135

1,358
1,370
132

1,433
1,346
134

135
22

122
21

271
65
4

347
70
7

102,123 104,160
17,267 17,586
84,856 86,575
1,190
1,212
83,644 85,385
8,371
8,663
239
259

87,953
14,052
73,902
911
72,990
7,715
211

89,545
14,281
75,263
899
74,365
7,964
232

11,070
2,626
8,444
269
8,175
382
6

11,345
2,678
8,667
270
8,397
416
8

7,258
1,061
6,197
145
6,052
384
17

7,496
971
6,526
216
6,310
488
22

93,878
4,954
17,348

79,535
4,210
14,995

81,114
3,981
15,561

9,564
890
1,161

9,807
826
1,278

6,650
579
769

7,033
627
770

Farming, forestry, and fishing
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

66




91,932
5,242
16,621

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin'

Mexican origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

7,998
4,818
3,180

8,431
5,101
3,329

4,798
2,994
1,804

5,207
3,269
1,938

734
421
312

789
450
338

560
314
245

512
298
214

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

1,133
552
581

1,070
543
527

566
293
273

523
266
256

116
53
63

124
54
71

134
68
66

127
68
59

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Administrative support, including clerical

1,173

2,060
165
720
1,175

1,095
61
399
635

1,136

Sales occupations

2,015
120
722

216
10
56
150

207
27
50
130

208
13
67
129

168
10
69
90

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,376
122
119
1,134

1,692
186
124
1,381

806
64
79
663

1,076
89
83
904

114
7
107

142
5
20
117

59
5
6
47

57
1
5
50

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,137
338
393
406

1,118
340
413
365

712
198
260
254

701
197
252
252

97
31
26
40

115
47
39
28

61
19
23
20

62
21
30
11

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .

1,951
1,080
335
536
99
437

2,047
1,140
370
536
125
412

1,281
698
213
370
81
289

1,369
758
230
380
85
295

189
95
41
53
4
49

194
115
37
42
9
34

90
53
18
18
3
16

95
54
14
27
5
22

386

444

338

403

271
65
4

347
70
7

239
55
1

311
60
6

7,258
1,061
6,197
145
6,052
384
17

7,496
971
6,526
216
6,310
488
22

4,282
670
3,612
79
3,533
214
7

4,558
605
3,953
109

710
132
578

3,844
257

578
20

760
151
609
6
603
23
2

508
44
463
7
456
40
4

440
46
393
1
392
63

6,650
579
769

7,033
627
770

3,944
402
451

4,311
470
427

667
32
90

482
26
52

435
22
55

Puerto Rican
origin

Cuban origin

Category
IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing

81

396
658

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:

Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

14

1

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




634
34
66

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.

67

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin

Black
IV
1987

IV
1987

IV
1988

113,795

116,181

98,739

100,655

11,615

11,911

7,998

8,431

6,411
2,588
3,823
13,370
94,016
79,221
14,795

6,492
2,548
3,944
13,060
96,628
81,720
14,908

5,659
2,350
3,309
11,527
81,554
68,439
13,115

5,727
2,274
3,453
11,159
83,769
70,509
13,260

586
177
408
1,482
9,547
8,218
1,329

601
213
388
1,514
9,796
8,494
1,301

490
145
345
1,294
6,214
5,574
641

510
143
367
1,312
6,609
5,883
727

62,483

63,403

54,874

55,591

5,743

5,882

4,818

5,101

3,227
1,271
1,956
6,899
52,356
43,712
8,644

3,282
1,269
2,013
6,777
53,344
44,831
8,514

2,844
1,156
1,688
5,976
46,054
38,278
7,776

2,893
1,135
1,758
5,778
46,920
39,221
7,699

298
89
209
743
4,702
4,023
679

313
114
199
781
4,789
4,155
634

289
83
206
761
3,768
3,384
383

294
72
222
833
3,975
3,551
424

51,313

52,777

43,865

45,063

5,872

6,029

3,180

3,329

3,183
1,317
1,866
6,470
41,659
35,508
6,150

3,210
1,279
1,931
6,282
43,285
36,890
6,395

2,815
1,194
1,621
5,551
35,500
30,161
5,339

2,834
1,139
1,695
5,380
36,849
31,288
5,561

288
89
199
739
4,845
4,195
650

288
99
189
734
5,007
4,339
667

201
63
139
533
2,446
2,188
258

215
70
145
479
2,635
2,332
303

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-63. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)
Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

68




White

Hispanic origin

Black

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

5.6

5.1

4.8

4.4

11.7

10.7

8.3

7.6

16.3
18.8
14.6
8.2
4.4
4.6
3.1

14.1
16.0
12.9
8.0
4.0
4.2
2.8

13.9
16.1
12.2
6.5
3.8
4.0
3.0

12.2
13.9
11.1
6.8
3.5
3.6
2.6

33.2
41.5
28.8
19.0
8.6
9.3
4.1

29.2
32.7
27.1
16.3
8.3
8.7
5.2

21.6
26.2
19.5
8.8
7.0
7.0
6.6

20.7
25.4
18.7
7.8
6.3
6.5
4.9

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.5

11.4

10.8

8.2

7.3

17.2
20.2
15.1
8.4
4.3
4.5
3.2

15.5
18.1
13.7
8.3
4.0
4.1
3.1

14.9
17.7
13.0
7.0
3.8
4.0
3.1

13.4
15.8
11.7
7.3
3.5
3.7
2.7

33.2
40.1
29.8
17.7
8.3
9.0
4.5

31.6
35.0
29.4
15.4
8.2
8.4
7.3

18.2
22.2
16.4
9.0
7.1
7.0
7.9

21.6
31.9
17.5
7.2
6.0
6.1
5.8

5.7

5.0

4.7

4.2

12.0

10.6

8.5

8.0

15.3
17.3
13.9
7.9
4.5
4.7
3.0

12.7
13.8
12.0
7.8
4.0
4.3
2.4

12.8
14.4
11.5
6.0
3.8
4.0
3.0

11.0
11.9
10.3
6.2
3.4
3.6
2.3

33.2
43.0
27.8
20.2
8.9
9.6
3.7

26.4
29.8
24.5
17.3
8.4
9.1
3.2

26.1
31.0
23.6
8.5
6.7
7.0
4.1

19.5
17.3
20.5
9.0
6.7
7.2
3.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-64. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Black

White

Total
Weeks of unemployment

Hispanic origin
IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

6,725
3,071
2,021
1,633
765
868

6,216
2,946
1,901
1,370
681
689

4,963
2,337
1,475
1,151
522
629

4,604
2,230
1,381
994
503
490

1,540
634
476
430
211
219

1,430
631
469
329
154
176

725
363
206
156
70
86

691
352
202
137
72
64

14.1
6.0

12.9
5.5

13.7
5.6

12.7
5.3

15.5
7.0

13.7
6.2

13.1
5.0

11.5
4.9

100.0
45.7
30.1
24.3
11.4
12.9

100.0
47.4
30.6
22.0
11.0
11.1

100.0
47.1
29.7
23.2
10.5
12.7

100.0
48.4
30.0
21.6
10.9
10.6

100.0
41.1
30.9
27.9
13.7
14.2

100.0
44.2
32.8
23.0
10.7
12.3

100.0
50.0
28.4
21.5
9.7
11.8

100.0
50.9
29.2
19.8
10.4
9.3

DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

A-65. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Reasons for unemployment

White

Black

Hispanic origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

6,725
3,153
834
2,319
945
1,847
780

6,216
2,876
771
2,105
976
1,689
674

4,963
2,378
697
1,681
767
1,301
517

4,604
2,174
626
1,549
774
1,205
451

1,540
684
116
568
150
471
235

1,430
629
126
503
174
425
201

725
376
80
296
89
157
93

691
328
78
250
107
171
85

100.0
46.9
12.4
34.5
14.1
27.5
11.6

100.0
46.3
12.4
33.9
15.7
27.2
10.8

100.0
47.9
14.0
33.9
15.5
26.2
10.4

100.0
47.2
13.6
33.6
16.8
26.2
9.8

100.0
44.4
7.6
36.9
9.8
30.6
15.2

100.0
44.0
8.8
35.2
12.2
29.8
14.1

100.0
51.9
11.0
40.9
12.2
21.6
12.8

100.0
47.5
11.3
36.1
15.5
24.7
12.3

2.6
.8
1.5
.6

2.3

2.3
.7
1.3
.5

2.1
.7
1.1
.4

5.2
1.1
3.6
1.8

4.7
1.3
3.2
1.5

4.3
1.0
1.8
1.1

3.6
1.2
1.9
.9

IV
1987

IV
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented




1.4
.6

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

69

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-66. Empfoyment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Total

Unemployed

Veteran status and age
IV
1987

IV
1988

Percent of
labor force

Number
IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,859
6,108
834
2,440
2,834
1,751

7,903
5,766
609
2,001
3,155
2,137

7,259
5,808
791
2,322
2,695
1,450

7,297
5,482
570
1,914
2,998
1,815

6,934
5,527
717
2,224
2.586
1,407

7,027
5,280
532
1,839
2,909
1,747

324
281
74
99
109
43

270
202
38
75
89
68

4.5
4.8
9.3
4.2
4.0
3.0

3.7
3.7
6.7
3.9
3.0
3.8

19,823
8,948
6,433
4,442

20,794
9,187
7,041
4,566

18,763
8,514
6,086
4,163

19,700
8,746
6,663
4,291

17,983
8,124
5,862
3,997

18,936
8,379
6,414
4,142

780
390
224
166

765
367
249
149

4.2
4.6
3.7
4.0

3.9
4.2
3.7
3.5

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Black

White

Nonveterans
Hispanic origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

5,406
5,168
4,944
223
4.3

5,067
4,857
4,706
151
3.1

588
529
479
50
9.4

604
532
486
46
8.7

253
239
221
19
7.9

209
202
196
6
2.9

676
646
594
51
8.0

482
459
439
20
4.3

133
121
100
21
17.1

120
104
87
17
16.3

59
58
50
8

39
39
39
1

O

2,152
2,061
1,984
77
3.7

1,762
1,698
1,637
62
3.6

240
215
198
17
7.8

206
183
171
12
6.8

2,577
2,461
2,366
95
3.9

2,824
2,700
2,630
70
2.6

216
193
180
12
6.5

279
245
228
17
6.8

IV
1987

Hispanic origin

Black

White
IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

2,006
1,76b
1,612
156
8.8

2,069
1,826
1,681
145
8.0

1,812
1,691
1,582
109
6.4

1,976
1,886
1,789
97
5.2

TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

17,053 17,889
16,298 17,147
15,701 16,554
593
596
3.5
3.7

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

O

7,770
7,460
7,166
295
4.0

7,948
7,643
7,363
280
3.7

895
800
714
86
10.7

923
829
753
76
9.2

804
764
715
48
6.3

858
823
782
41
5.0

91
86
80
7
7.9

85
80
76
4
4.4

5,485
5,229
5,055
173
3.3

6,027
5,777
5,583
194
3.4

659
588
546
42
7.2

708
625
578
47
7.5

548
498
466
33
6.6

682
655
617
37
5.7

102
95
91
4
4.6

85
83
81
2
2.0

3,798
3,609
3,481
128
3.5

3,914
3,727
3,608
119
3.2

452
379
352
28
7.3

437
373
351
22
5.9

460
429
401
28
6.5

437
408
389
19
4.7

35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

,

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to

70




the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Detail for the above race
and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-68. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)

IV
1987

IV
1988

With unemployment:

With unemployment:

Percent of families:

Percent of families:

Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
families

Total

With no
employed
person
in
family

With at
Total
With at
least one families
least one
employed person in
person in family
family employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person
in
family

With at
With at
least one
least one
employed person in
person in family
family employed
full time

TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

64,178
31,504
50,833
24,069
10,703
6,446
2,642
989

4,970
3,030
3,449
2,128
1,239
790
282
112

29.0
31.7
19.2
18.5
54.2
63.9
38.3
55.4

71.0
68.3
80.8
81.5
45.8
36.1
61.7
44.6

62.4
60.0
72.2
72.7
36.6
28.7
54.6
40.2

64,674
31,435
50,881
23,899
10,986
6,431
2,807
1,104

4,664
2,720
3,155
1,903
1,221
711
288
106

29.7
33.4
19.0
18.8
55.0
68.5
39.2
60.4

70.3
66.6
81.0
81.2
45.0
31.5
60.8
39.6

61.5
58.2
72.2
72.4
35.6
23.9
53.8
34.0

55,299
26,350
45,817
21,327
7,402
4,242
2,080
781

3,722
2,229
2,852
1,741
674
403
196
85

25.8
27.3
19.3
18.3
49.0
59.0
40.3
61.2

74.2
72.7
80.7
81.7
51.0
41.0
59.7
38.8

65.3
63.9
72.0
72.8
40.8
31.6
52.6
35.3

55,570
26,266
45,928
21,235
7,503
4,201
2,140
829

3,534
2,015
2,639
1,566
697
374
199
74

26.0
27.8
18.8
18.4
50.5
62.0
35.2
54.1

74.0
72.2
81.2
81.6
49.5
38.0
64.8
45.9

65.1
63.2
72.2
72.5
40.5
29.1
57.3
39.2

7,082
4,124
3,592
1,901
3,039
2,051
451
172

1,078
688
468
301
533
367
77
20

40.9
46.7
19.0
18.9
61.4
70.5
31.6

59.1
53.3
81.0
81.1
38.6
29.5
68.4

51.4
46.9
72.6
72.4
31.5
25.4
60.5

58.2
50.2
82.8
83.4
38.8
24.3
52.6

49.1
43.0
74.2
74.9
29.1
17.8
44.9

O

O

1,002
625
419
272
505
325
78
28

41.8
49.8
17.2
16.6
61.2
75.7
47.4

0

7,233
4,097
3,477
1,795
3,210
2,070
546
232

O

O

O

4,471
2,885
3,100
2,007
1,076
758
295
120

534
347
403
281
105
59
26
8

30.1
33.4
25.3
25.6
49.5

69.9
66.6
74.7
74.4
50.5

60.5
57.1
65.8
65.1
39.0

0
0
(')

0
O
O

O
O
O

4,765
3,027
3,275
2,141
1,156
767
334
119

525
346
356
255
124
78
45
13

32.0
32.9
25.9
22.7
48.4
60.3

68.0
67.1
74.1
77.3
51.6
39.7

59.6
57.1
65.6
67.8
40.3
28.2

O
O

O
O

O
O

White
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not




sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

71

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-69. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1988

IV
1987
Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

Percent of unemployed:

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
1

Total unemployed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

5,427
1,299
819
1,107
726
1,345

31.3
38.4
41.6
15.9
14.1
10.4

68.7
61.6
58.4
84.1
85.9
89.6

59.9
48.4
44.6
78.2
79.9
82.7

5,063
1,177
743
996
641
1,261

32.2
38.3
42.1
18.5
16.5
10.2

67.8
61.7
57.9
81.5
83.5
89.8

59.2
47.9
42.0
75.8
78.6
83.6

571
490
795
122
58
187

84.1
90.4
34.5
60.3

15.9
9.6
65.5
39.7

9.4
4.9
54.5
31.1

29.8

70.2

62.7

533
449
793
126
63
178

86.1
93.2
35.6
67.0
91.2
22.6

13.9
6.8
64.4
33.0
8.8
77.4

7.9
2.8
53.1
25.9
3.8
70.9

3,984
1,091
676
923
597
1,047

28.3
39.3
42.5
15.6
13.2
9.3

71.7
60.7
57.5
84.4
86.8
90.7

62.6
46.6
42.7
78.8
80.9
84.0

3,761
979
602
836
524
1,025

28.8
38.5
43.0
18.1
15.8
10.1

71.2
61.5
57.0
81.9
84.2
89.9

62.6
47.3
40.7
75.9
79.2
83.7

290
241
417
91
48
125

79.0
86.5
31.3
63.8

21.0
13.5
68.7
36.2

12.1
7.0
58.0
25.1

82.1
90.4
34.8
63.6

17.9
9.6
65.2
36.4

10.9
3.9
56.6
25.9

31.2

68.8

63.5

264
219
453
85
41
119

20.2

79.8

75.6

1,248
162
108
143
107
243

42.0
34.2
36.6
19.6
21.2
15.0

58.0
65.8
63.4
80.4
78.8
85.0

50.5
58.1
53.5
73.2
72.8
77.5

1,164
166
119
127
92
198

42.6
35.5
33.4
20.9
19.4
7.9

57.4
64.5
66.6
79.1
80.6
92.1

48.3
52.0
52.0
74.8
75.8
85.1

266
237
351
25
6
56

91.0
95.8
38.5

9.0
4.2
61.5

6.3
3.1
50.7

259
222
329
36
20
50

90.0
95.8
37.1

10.0
4.2
62.9

5.1
1.8
48.4

595
179
138
121
78
151

30.9
49.3
49.0
15.8
13.4
9.1

69.1
50.7
51.0
84.2
86.6
90.9

58.8
41.8
41.0
78.1
79.9
76.1

585
144
96
105
74
163

34.4
51.0
52.1
31.1
26.2
11.6

65.6
49.0
47.9
68.9
73.8
88.4

57.7
36.0
33.5
64.5
67.6
83.4

35.7

64.3

53.4

White
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....

43
35
75
8
4
18

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife or, other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns

72




48
44
78
22
10
25

25.9

used in aggregating the data.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1988

IV
1987
Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
other
employed

person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

Percent of employed:

With
another
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
other
employed
person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

With
another
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ..
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

92,267
38,613
22,196
27,795
15,027
11,572

22.7
29.6
31.1
8.6
4.9
7.3

77.3
70.4
68.9
91.4
95.1
92.7

65.6
51.3
46.3
86.4
91.2
88.4

93,520
38,598
22,125
28,408
15,272
11,658

21.9
28.3
29.9
8.3
4.4
6.8

78.1
71.7
70.1
91.7
95.6
93.2

66.4
52.6
47.2
86.8
91.7
89.2

6,139
4,041
4,802
1,857
812
1,489

62.5
79.0
24.3
52.8
80.6
18.3

37.5
21.0
75.7
47.2
19.4
81.7

24.6
9.1
66.0
34.5
8.2
74.3

6,379
4,039
4,845
2,037
922
1,595

61.6
79.2
22.9
53.0
79.8
19.1

38.4
20.8
77.1
47.0
20.2
80.9

24.8
8.9
67.1
35.2
10.7
74.3

80,332
34,860
19,840
24,688
13,175
10,160

22.1
30.1
31.7
8.2
4.4

65.6
50.0
44.5
86.8
91.8
88.6

81,382
34,941
19,862
25,351
13,480
10,204

21.2
28.6
30.4

7.1

77.9
69.9
68.3
91.8
95.6
92.9

7.9
3.9
6.7

78.8
71.4
69.6
92.1
96.1
93.3

66.6
51.6
45.6
87.2
92.2
89.2

4,389
2,850
3,555
1,504
653
1,176

60.5
77.6
25.4
52.6
80.8
17.5

39.5
22.4
74.6
47.4
19.2
82.5

25.0
8.5

64.9
34.2
7.9
75.9

4,515
2,814
3,522
1,593
708
1,256

59.0
77.5
23.3
51.3
76.7
19.5

41.0
22.5
76.7
48.7
23.3
80.5

25.5
8.8
66.0
35.7
11.8
74.0

9,045
2,619
1,641
2,188
1,312
995

28.1
23.1
22.9
12.8
9.2
9.8

71.9
76.9
77.1
87.2
90.8
90.2

63.5
65.6
65.4
81.5
85.5
85.2

9,136
2,511
1,532
2,105
1,233
989

29.3
23.8
22.9
13.9
10.1
8.3

70.7
76.2
77.1
86.1
89.9
91.7

62.5
63.7
63.8
81.9
86.8
87.2

1,598
1,101
1,136
276
137
233

68.5
82.7
21.4
58.7
82.3
25.1

31.5
17.3
78.6
41.3
17.7
74.9

23.2
10.6
69.3
31.5
7.8
62.1

1,716
1,147
1,197
355
186
262

68.5
82.5
21.9
61.8
89.7
18.5

31.5
17.5
78.1
38.2
10.3
81.5

22.5
9.3
69.6
30.8
7.2
74.3

6,412
2,457
1,744
1,572
1,053
963

26.5
37.6
39.7
8.1
7.5
7.8

73.5
62.4
60.3
91.9
92.5
92.2

63.7
48.5
45.8
85.4
86.7
85.5

6,883
2,682
1,938
1,650
1,078
936

24.9
35.9
38.7
6.8
5.4
5.9

75.1
64.1
61.3
93.2
94.6
94.1

65.2
50.0
45.7
87.9
88.8
89.1

534
364
465
243
101
179

62.6
79.9
19.3
55.2
87.7
8.1

37.4
20.1
80.7
44.8
12.3
91.9

27.3
12.6
72.0
37.9
8.2
84.6

634
400
457
272
99
252

59.1
78.5
16.9
40.5
70.4
8.2

40.9
21.5
83.1
59.5
29.6
91.8

30.3
14.0
68.8
50.8
27.0
86.7

White
Total employed in families'
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

Black
Total employed in families'
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total employed in families'
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

' Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns




used in aggregating the data.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

73

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-71. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic
origin
Type of family, number of
earners, race, and
Hispanic origin

Number of families
IV
1987

IV
1988

43,079
34,031
12,554
9,504
2,242

42,845
33,519
11,901
8,938
2,307

Median weekly earnings
IV
1987

IV
1988

$579

$606
684
426
500
243
229
820
832
780
512
492
338
257
265
222
567
479
362
705

TOTAL
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners

808

656

21,477
18,937
1,868

21,618
19,160
1,775

522
150

525
159

7,174
4,753
3,703
1,051
2,421
1,875
1,100

7,255
4,825
3,848

774

780

647
419
488
236
209
782
795
740
498
527
329
261
267
228
526
481
350
691

36,794
30,104
11,209
8,617
1,914
18,895
16,672
5,204
1,485

36,453
29,791
10,617
8,141
1,913
19,174
17,049
5,096
1,566

599
658
433
496
236
792
805
344
504

630
695
447
509
250
828
840
356
491

5,046
2,927

5,144
2,755

948
570
272

903

1,979
1,767
1,807

1,852
1,607
1,988

312

401

431
539
296
352
219
681
688
294
351

440
572
265
339
205
719
735
291
444

3,333
2,443
1,043

3,571
2,503
1,074

829
126

907
125

1,400
1,159

1,429
1,186

632
258

788
281

450
496
317
345
199
627
658
303
433

441
491
296
308
208
691
713
294
417

977
2,430
2,070
1,290

White
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Black
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men

515
312

Hispanic origin
Total families with earners1
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other

74




person maintaining the family is either self-employed or
in the Armed Forces.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-72. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings
Type of family and relationship
of unemployed members to wage
and salary earners

Number of families

Median weekly earnings

IV
1987

IV
1988

2,439

2,210

Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other earner(s)
Other earner(s) only

760
598
97
65

757
594
94
69

251
237
(2)
(2)

253
232

Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other earner(s) ...
Other earner(s) only

813
726
72

397
386

468
427
649

14

708
591
107
10

Other member(s) unemployed ...
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners

866
320
486
61

745
291
429
24

667
505
828
(2)

672
494
814

Families maintained by women1 .
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed ..

537
86
452

540
83
456

278
(2)
299

254
(2)
276

Families maintained by men1

145

159

355

296

Married-couple families1

Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
person maintaining the family is either self-employed or




IV
1987
$405

/2\

IV
1988

$442

/2\

in the Armed Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.

75

.HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-73.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic

IV
1987

IV
1988

Total, 16 years and over

81,563

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

Median weekly earnings
IV
1987

IV
1988

82,964

$381

$392

47,405
6,345
41,060

47,885
6,310
41,575

445
265
481

458
271
491

34,157
5,412
28,746

35,079
5,191
29,888

309
232
326

320
241
341

31,332
17,680
4,841
1,478

30,951
18,176
4,996
1,614

493
316
309
402

507
327
312
405

6,111
4,463
8,484
7,172

6,143
4,247
9,176
7,662

274
244
411
338

284
256
408
361

White
Men
Women

69,784
41,231
28,553

70,920
41,580
29,339

391
462
312

402
475
323

Black
Men
Women

9,339
4,760
4,579

9,474
4,866
4,608

306
334
283

314
342
291

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

6,350
3,984
2,366

6,632
4,224
2,408

290
316
253

281
299
251

SEX AND AGE

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.

76




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY DATA
A-74. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic

IV
1987

IV
1988

Total, 16 years and over

18,941

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

Median weekly earnings
IV
1987

IV
1988

19,347

$101

$106

5,901
3,385
2,516

6,036
3,382
2,654

94
77
122

100
80
137

13,039
4,043
8,997

13,311
4,108
9,203

105
76
119

110
74
130

1,626
6,969
1,032
108

1,616
6,969
1,085
119

124
123
107
118

138
136
121
120

3,179
3,439
982
1,606

3,338
3,445
963
1,812

76
71
108
107

81
70
129
104

White
Men
Women

16,627
5,051
11,576

16,879
5,127
11,752

102
95
106

107
99
111

Black
Men
Women

1,799
659
1,140

1,910
686
1,224

92
87
95

98
100

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

1,076
428
648

1,096
380
716

105
108
104

109
106
112

SEX AND AGE

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1

....

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will
not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are
not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups.

77

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-75.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Occupation and sex

Median weekly earnings
IV
1987

IV
1988

22,215
10,849
11,365
24,735
2,918
7,827
13,991
8,833
309
1,839
6,685
10,973
3,749
3,697
3,527
14,901
7,587
3,857
3,457
1,307

$537
551
527
341
440
377
316
237
142
415
220
430
436
420
437
309
295
385
284
224

$559
556
561
358
458
404
323
246
153
417
225
437
442
432
436
316
302
394
289
238

11,895
6,423
5,472
9,284
1,592
4,605
3,087
3,984
22
1,383
2,580
10,112
3,695
3,521
2,896
11,047
4,541
3,675
2,830
1,082

12,086
6,302
5,783
9,201
1,604
4,575
3,021
4,317
0
1,594
2,723
10,116
3,612
3,628
2,876
11,023
4,554
3,647
2,822
1,143

647
667
628
463
501
483
412
294

674
686
661
481
512
507
418
298

428
254
445
436
421
479
344
351
389
292
229

423
255
453
447
434
476
358
367
399
297
245

9,580
4,222
5,358
15,690
1,287
3,182
11,221
4,066
293
201
3,572
881
123
34
724
3,804
3,064
175
565
135

10,129
4,547
5,582
15,535
1,313
3,252
10,970
4,516
309
245
3,962
857
137
69
651
3,878
3,033
210
635
164

451
421
471
299
379
249
302
200
140
327
202
307
476
(1)
290
237
232
317
248
191

476
442
493
310
405
264
310
211
153
364
212
277
347

IV
1987

IV
1988

21,475
10,646
10,830
24,974
2,879
7,787
14,309
8,051
315
1,584
6,152
10,993
3,818
3,555
3,620
14,851
7,605
3,851
3,395
1,218

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

O

O

Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.

78




0
267
242
238
293
244
204

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural areas
by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
United States

Metropolitan areas
Central
cities

Total

Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

183,467
120,520
65.7
113,795
6,725
5.6
62,947

185,253
122,397
66.1
116,181
6,216
5.1
62,856

143,187
95,433
66.6
90,347
5,086
5.3
47,754

79,898
62,227
77.9
59,256
2,971
4.8
17,671

80,925
62,937
77.8
60,121
2,816
4.5
17,988

88,925
50,634
56.9
48,129
2,505
4.9
38,291

Suburbs

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

144,625
96,886
67.0
92,139
4,748
4.9
47,738

57,236
36,902
64.5
34,429
2,473
6.7
20,334

57,260
37,256
65.1
34,939
2,317
6.2
20,004

85,952
58,531
68.1
55,918
2,613
4.5
27,420

87,364
59,630
68.3
57,200
2,431
4.1
27,734

62,283
49,122
78.9
46,886
2,236
4.6
13,161

63,199
49,783
78.8
47,641
2,142
4.3
13,416

24,560
18,751
76.3
17,613
1,138
6.1
5,809

24,461
18,719
76.5
17,655
1,064
5.7
5,742

37,723
30,371
80.5
29,273
1,098
3.6
7,353

38,737
31,063
80.2
29,986
1,078
3.5
7,674

89,883
51,899
57.7
49,567
2,332
4.5
37,984

69,493
40,276
58.0
38,354
1,922
4.8
29,217

70,236
41,221
58.7
39,413
1,808
4.4
29,015

28,373
16,033
56.5
15,109
924
5.8
12,340

28,501
16,386
57.5
15,517
869
5.3
12,115

41,120
24,243
59.0
23,245
998
4.1
16,877

41,735
24,835
59.5
23,896
939
3.8
16,900

14,644
7,659
52.3
6,411
1,249
16.3
6,985

14,445
7,561
52.3
6,492
1,069
14.1
6,884

11,411
6,035
52.9
5,107
928
15.4
5,376

11,190
5,883
52.6
5,085
798
13.6
5,307

4,303
2,118
49.2
1,707
411
19.4
2,185

4,298
2,151
50.0
1,767
384
17.8
2,147

7,108
3,918
55.1
3,400
517
13.2
3,191

6,892
3,732
54.2
3,318
414
11.1
3,160

*57,448
103,702
65.9
98,739
4,963
4.8
53,746

158,611
105,259
66.4
100,655
4,604
4.4
53,352

121,338
81,090
66.8
77,438
3,652
4.5
40,248

122,231
82,208
67.3
78,816
3,392
4.1
40,023

42,928
27,887
65.0
26,431
1,455
5.2
15,041

42,918
28,185
65.7
26,796
1,389
4.9
14,733

78,410
53,203
67.9
51,007
2,197
4.1
25,207

79,314
54,023
68.1
52,020
2,003
3.7
25,290

20,481
13,155
64.2
11,615
1,540
11.7
7,326

20,813
13,341
64.1
11,911
1,430
10.7
7,472

17,048
11,108
65.2
9,836
1,273
11.5
5,940

17,269
11,291
65.4
10,080
1,211
10.7
5,979

11,962
7,477
62.5
6,556
922
12.3
4,485

11,766
7,420
63.1
6,569
851
11.5
4,347

5,086
3,631
71.4
3,280
351
9.7
1,455

5,503
3,871
70.3
3,511
360
9.3
1,632

13,043
8,723
66.9
7,998
725
8.3
4,320

13,495
9,121
67.6
8,431
691
7.6
4,374

12,095
8,110
67.1
7,452
658
8.1
3,985

12,464
8,408
67.5
7,796
613
7.3
4,056

6,972
4,479
64.2
4,061
418
9.3
2,493

7,064
4,622
65.4
4,227
395
8.6
2,442

5,123
3,631
70.9
3,392
240
6.6
1,491

5,400
3,787
70.1
3,569
218
5.7
1,614

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




79

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural
areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Urban
areas

Nonmetropolitan areas
Farm

Total

Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

Nonfarm
IV
1987

IV
1988

2,754
1,971
71.6
1,930
41
2.1
783

37,522
23,150
61.7
21,546
1,604
6.9
14,372

1,307
1,100
84.2
1,086
14
1.3
206

1,321
1,107
83.8
1,090
17
1.6
214

19,656
10,680
54.3
10,156
524
4.9
8,976

1,219
701
57.5
689
12
1.8
518

3,233
1,624
50.2
1,304
320
19.7
1,609

3,255
1,678
51.6
1,407
271
16.1
1,577

36,110
22,612
62.6
21,301
1,311
5.8
13,498

36,379
23,051
63.4
21,839
1,212
5.3
13,329

3,432
2,047
59.6
1,779
267
13.1
1,386

3,543
2,050
57.9
1,832
219
10.7
1,493

948
613
64.7
546
67
10.9
335

1,031
713
69.1
635
78
10.9
318

IV
1987

IV
1988

40,280
25,087
62.3
23,449
1,638
6.5
15,193

40,629
25,510
62.8
24,042
1,469
5.8
15,118

2,758
1,937
70.2
1,902
35
1.8
821

17,604
13,099
74.4
12,365
734
5.6
4,505

17,718
13,152
74.2
12,478
674
5.1
4,566

19,443
10,364
53.3
9,780
584
5.6
9,079

IV
1987

Rural
areas

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

37,875
23,539
62.2
22,112
1,428
6.1
14,335

135,175
89,253
66.0
84,197
5,056
5.7
45,922

136,175
90,407
66.4
85,761
4,647
5.1
45,768

48,292
31,267
64.7
29,599
1,669
5.3
17,025

49,079
31,990
65.2
30,420
1,570
4.9
17,089

16,298
11,999
73.6
11,279
720
6.0
4,299

16,397
12,045
73.5
11,389
656
5.4
4,352

58,269
45,532
78.1
43,326
2,206
4.8
12,737

58,906
46,025
78.1
43,925
2,100
4.6
12,881

21,619
16,689
77.2
15,925
764
4.6
4,929

22,010
16,910
76.8
16,194
716
4.2
5,100

1,209
731
60.5
719
12
1.7
478

18,224
9,663
53.0
9,092
571
5.9
8,561

18,447
9,949
53.9
9,437
512
5.1
8,498

66,387
38,155
57.5
36,252
1,903
5.0
28,232

66,914
38,956
58.2
37,207
1,749
4.5
27,958

22,549
12,485
55.4
11,882
602
4.8
10,064

22,978
12,945
56.3
12,362
583
4.5
10,033

232
136
58.6
127
8
6.2

225
133
59.2
121
12
8.7
92

3,000
1,488
49.6
1,176
312
21.0
1,512

3,031
1,545
51.0
1,286
259
16.8
1,485

10,520
5,566
52.9
4,620
947
17.0
4,953

10,355
5,426
52.4
4,628
798
14.7
4,929

4,124
2,093
50.8
1,791
302
14.4
2,031

4,090
2,135
52.2
1,864
271
12.7
1,955

2,694
1,898
70.5
1,867
31
1.6
796

2,685
1,926
71.7
1,889
37
1.9
759

33,416
20,714
62.0
19,434
1,280
6.2
12,702

33,695
21,125
62.7
19,950
1,175
5.6
12,570

112,684
74,615
66.2
71,074
3,541
4.7
38,068

113,167
75,428
66.7
72,194
3,234
4.3
37,739

44,764
29,087
65.0
27,665
1,422
4.9
15,677

45,444
29,831
65.6
28,461
1,370
4.6
15,613

3,379
2,013
59.6
1,749
264
13.1
1,366

3,487
2,014
57.8
1,798
216
10.7
1,473

17,651
11,419
64.7
10,070
1,349
11.8
6,232

17,900
11,609
64.9
10,347
1,262
10.9
6,291

2,829
1,736
61.4
1,545
191
11.0
1,093

2,913
1,733
59.5
1,564
168
9.7
1,181

905
583
64.5
516
67
11.6
321

996
689
69.2
617
72
10.5
306

12,100
8,073
66.7
7,402
670
8.3
4,028

12,336
8,366
67.8
7,744
622
7.4
3,970

943
650
69.0
596
54
8.3
292

1,160
755
65.1
687
69
9.1
404

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
„
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

' Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

80




43
29

V)
14

12

included in both the white and black population groups. These data are based on
1980 census designations and are not comparable to data published through the
first quarter of 1984.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-77. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Employment status, race, and
Hispanic origin

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

27,472
15,710
57.2
14,067
1,643
10.5
9.0
9.5
27.6
26.4
29.0
11,762

27,570
16,016
58.1
14,500
1,515
9.5
8.5
8.3
24.7
23.8
25.9
11,554

155,995
104,811
67.2
99,729
5,082
4.8
4.1
4.3
14.5
15.7
13.3
51,184

Poverty
areas
IV
1987

IV
1988

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas
IV
1987

IV
1988

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

IV
1987

IV
1988

IV
1987

IV
1988

9,139
5,307
58.1
4,817
490
9.2
7.5
8.4
28.4
28.0
28.8
3,832

9,227
5,367
58.2
4,918
449
8.4
7.2
7.5
23.2
22.6
24.0
3,860

31,141
19,780
63.5
18,632
1,148
5.8
5.1
4.9
17.4
18.1
16.7
11,361

31,402
20,143
64.1
19,123
1,020
5.1
4.6
4.2
14.3
14.8
13.8
11,259

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

157,683 18,333 18,343 124,854 126,281
106,381 10,402 10,649 85,031 86,238
56.7
68.1
68.3
58.1
67.5
9,582 81,097 82,557
9,250
101,680
3,934 3,681
1,153
1,067
4,701
11.1
4.4
4.6
4.3
10.0
3.9
3.7
9.8
9.1
3.9
4.1
3.8
10.0
8.7
3.9
13.8
12.0
27.2
25.5
12.5
24.4
15.1
13.8
25.5
14.0
12.6
10.2
29. "I
26.8
10.9
7,931
51,302
7,695 39,824 40,043

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

16,587 16,570 140,861 142,041
9,604
9,842 94,098 95,417
59.4
67.2
57.9
66.8
8.861
9,131 89,878 91,523
710 4,220
3,894
743
4.1
7.7
7.2
4.5
3.7
7.0
6.5
3.9
3.9
3.5
6.7
6.3
13.2
19.7
18.8
11.5
18.4
14.5
12.8
18.3
19.5
11.9
10.2
21.6
6,983
6,728 46,763 46,624

9,847
5,657
57.5
5,179
478
8.5
8.0
7.4
18.2
16.0
20.9
4,190

9,828
5,830
59.3
5,388
442
7.6
7.2
6.4
17.9
17.1
18.9
3,998

111,491
75,433
67.7
72,259
3,174
4.2
3.6
3.7
12.4
13.8
11.1
36,058

112,403
76,379
68.0
73,428
2,950
3.9
3.4
3.4
10.8
12.3
9.3
36,025

6,740
3,947
58.6
3,682
265
6.7
5.6
5.6
22.0
21.6
22.6
2,793

6,742
4,012
59.5
3,743
269
6.7
5.5
6.1
20.3
20.2
20.4
2,730

29,370
18,665
63.6
17,619
1,046
5.6
5.0
4.7
16.3
17.2
15.3
10,705

29,638
19,038
64.2
18,095
943
5.0
4.5
4.0
14.0
14.4
13.5
10,599

9,848
5,519
56.0
4,693
825
15.0
12.9
13.4
40.8
42.7
39.0
4,329

9,826 10,633 10,987
7,814
5,527
7,636
56.2
71.1
71.8
4,773 6,922
7,138
754
715
676
13.6
9.4
8.6
12.4
7.5
7.1
11.8
8.5
8.1
35.5
28.0
24.6
34.6
27.4
29.3
36.5
28.7
19.3
4,299 2,996
3,173

7,752
4,328
55.8
3,688
640
14.8
13.0
13.1
39.2
40.5
38.0
3,424

7,640
4,330
56.7
3,735
595
13.7
12.5
11.9
35.8
35.5
36.2
3,310

9,296
6,780
72.9
6,148
633
9.3
7.6
8.5
26.6
26.2
27.2
2,516

9,630
6,961
72.3
6,345
617
8.9
7.3
8.2
25.1
29.7
19.6
2,669

2,096
1,191
56.8
1,005
185
15.6
12.3
14.7
46.7
51.6
42.9
905

2,187
1,198
54.8
1,038
159
13.3
12.1
11.8
34.2

1,357
853
62.9
793
59
7.0
5.1
6.8

989

1,336
856
64.0
774
82
9.6
6.3
8.5
39.0
39.1
38.9
481

4,471
2,602
58.2
2,332
270
10.4
9.5
9.4
19.9
16.5
24.8
1,869

4,548
2,778
61.1
2,536
242
8.7
7.7
7.6
20.8
21.2
20.1
1,769

8,947
6,343
70.9
5,894
448
7.1
5.6
6.9
20.6
21.7
19.3
2,604

4,124
2,394
58.1
2,149
245
10.2
9.6
9.1
18.6
13.6
25.2
1,730

4,184
2,540
60.7
2,320
219
8.6
7.8
7.6
19.1
19.9
17.8
1,644

7,971
5,716
71.7
5,303
413
7.2
6.4
6.0
21.6
17.7
26.5
2,255

8,281
5,869
70.9
5,475
394
6.7
5.2
6.7
19.1
20.2
17.7
2,412

348
208
59.8
183
26
12.3
8.2
12.9
O
41.7
18.4
140

364
239
65.6
216
23
9.7
7.3
8.0

600
405
67.4
363
42
10.3
8.8
7.7

667
474
71.1
419
55
11.6
9.6
9.2
O

126

195

193

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

504

Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
,
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and




8,571
6,121
71.4
5,667
454
7.4
6.5
6.1
22.6
19.2
26.8
2,450

O
O
O

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. These
data are based on 1980 census designations and are not comparable to data
published through the first quarter of 1984.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1937
1938
1939

31,011
29,194
30,603

27,255
25,311
26,608

12,936
11,401
12,297

1,015
891
854

1,127
1,070
1,165

10,794
9,440
10,278

18,075
17,793
18,306

3,134
2,863
2,936

(1)
(1)
1,762

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988P

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,310
106,037

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,295
88,648

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,784
25,564

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
721
733

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,998
5,292

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,065
19,540

(1)
4,664

1,417
1,410
1,447

3,503
3,458
3,502

(1)
(1)
905

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,525
80,473

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,385
5,581

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,872
6,156

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,509
19,205

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,549
6,678

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,196
25,463

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,963
4,052

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,109
10,366

0

(1)

0
(1)
(1)
0)
()

o

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1987:
December
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November"
December
1

104,001

86,794

25,201

735

5,118

19,348

78,800

5,481

5,984

18,784

6,619

24,725

2,980

4,001

10,226

104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,271
106,425
106,737
106,973
107,377
107,656

87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,678
88,941
89,066
89,205
89,481
89,817
90,082

25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,592
25,663
25,639
25,648
25,743
25,844
25,893

728
731
733
737
739
740
740
739
734
729
721
723

5,083
5,150
5,192
5,238
5,237
5,308
5,330
5,340
5,365
5,366
5,405
5,418

19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,544
19,593
19,560
19,549
19,648
19,718
19,752

79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,465
80,608
80,786
81,089
81,230
81,533
81,763

5,499
5,513
5,530
5,543
5,556
5,582
5,598
5,605
5,618
5,631
5,648
5,650

6,010
6,035
6,061
6,089
6,115
6,148
6,174
6,192
6,219
6,246
6,276
6,303

18,927
19,045
19,050
19,093
19,130
19,205
19,261
19,279
19,291
19,327
19,387
19,439

6,633
6,636
6,651
6,650
6,656
6,679
6,684
6,689
6,692
6,708
6,724
6,733

24,795
24,975
25,078
25,163
25,216
25,472
25,561
25,662
25,737
25,826
25,938
26,064

2,973
2,972
2,970
2,963
2,957
2,951
2,951
2,956
2,989
2,989
2,988
2,993

4,006
4,014
4,031
4,041
4,050
4,049
4,059
4,070
4,086
4,070
4,071
4,084

10,239
10,268
10,319
10,304
10,343
10,379
10,320
10,333
10,457
10,433
10,501
10,497

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1987) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1984) are subject to revision.

83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988 P

Nov.
1988 P

535

533

528

51.7
7.2
14.4

34.2
5.1
11.3

34.2
4.9
11.3

40.0
6.0
11.1

40.3
5.9
11.2

134.1
132.4

132.4
130.8

125.2
123.5

125.1
123.3

284.9
101.7
183.2

285.5
102.1
183.4

279.0
98.8
180.2

275.1
98.5
176.6

87.3
32.8

82.7
30.9

89.1
33.6

87.5
33.0

4,106

3,942

4,457

4,361

740

736

730

44.8
6.6
14.2

44.8
6.4
14.2

51.2
7.3
14.3

10
101
102

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

163.1
161.2

161.9
160.0

152.9
150.9

152.3
150.2

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

424.3
203.9
220.4

425.4
204.8
220.6

415.9
196.8
219.1

411.7
196.7
215.0

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

112.6
41.3
34.8
17.1

108.1
39.5
32.8
17.1

116.1
42.5
36.1
17.9

114.4
42.0
35.3
17.9

5,227

5,063

5,645

5,551

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing

728

410.7

5,364

1,385.1 1,353.5 1,455.6 1,443.3 1,415.3 1,018.2
736.4 717.2
786.8
777.9
526.9
54.0
53.4
52.6
52.1
25.3
594.7 582.9 616.2 613.3
466.0

Dec.
1988 P

806.4
294.0
512.4

742.7
250.9
491.8

849.2
319.9
529.3

812.4
297.8
514.6

680.0
246.9
433.1

3,035.0 2,966.4 3,339.8 3,295.1
653.5 649.7 702.9 697.0
179.3
172.7
192.1
186.4
559.2 560.9 603.4 602.0
499.6 488.8 565.3 562.1
188.3
184.2
196.1
193.2
220.2 209.7 234.1
230.8

751.0
89.3
203.9
165.8
34.7
260.7
100.0
70.9
24.1
37.5
41.4
72.0
47.8
83.7

743.2
85.0
203.7
165.4
34.8
260.3
99.8
71.0
24.4
37.6
41.2
69.8
46.1
83.2

771.8
95.8
205.3
167.6
34.2
265.6
102.9
70.2
24.8
38.1
43.9
75.3
51.8
85.9

768.6
94.3
204.7
167.0
34.2
266.1
103.0
70.7
24.8
38.0
43.2
75.1
51.3
85.2

4,169

616.7
203.7
413.0

719.7
269.7
450.0

684.4
248.1
436.3

2,408.2 2,338.2 2,661.7 2,615.5
485.3 481.9
525.8 519.1
150.9
143.8
162.9
157.3
437.8 438.1
472.6 470.0
428.4 417.8 487.5 483.9
144.7
140.7
151.4
148.0
178.5
167.8
188.5
185.1

11,400 11,415 11,642 11,684 11,697
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

525

987.5 1,075.7 1,061.3
510.0
570.5 559.7
24.7
23.6
23.1
452.8
481.6 478.5

19,379 19,370 19,760 19,802 19,780 13,256 13,239 13,522 13,551

Durable goods




Oct.
1988

541

745

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

84

Dec.
1987

87,034 87,318 90,124 90,348 90,636 70,523 70,767 72,963 73,140 73,336

Mining

See footnotes at end of table.

Nov.
1987

104,548 104,809 107,850 108,271 108,507

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Dec.
1988 P

761.2

13,516

7,609

7,615

7,781

7,815

7,820

627.8
74.7
180.2
146.5
30.5
215.1
80.5
57.2
21.2
34.1
35.0
54.4
38.7
68.4

620.3
70.9
179.4
145.7
30.7
215.1
80.5
57.4
21.4
34.2
34.8
52.3
37.1
67.8

643.0
80.3
180.1
147.0
30.1
217.6
82.8
55.9
21.5
34.3
37.2
57.5
42.4
70.3

639.5
78.8
179.6
146.4
30.1
217.5
82.7
56.3
21.5
34.1
36.7
57.3
42.0
69.6

632.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

536.7
319.2
143.1
102.7
27.8
28.9

538.8
321.7
144.6
103.1

69.2

69.5
29.6
76.4
41.6

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

589.3
14.8
86.6
43.7
42.9
51.6
20.4
38.5
37.0
215.5
20.3
72.5
103.3
112.2
21.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
J3353
3357
|336
13361

766.4
277.3
209.9
24.2
133.7
83.2
8.9
27.6
40.7
21.6
183.4
23.7
27.9
79.3

Fabricated metal products
34
Metal cans and shipping containers
341
Metal cans
J3411
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ... 3423,5
Hardware, nee
3429
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3432
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
3441
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446

Production workers1

All employees

29.7
77.2
41.4

8.7
24.9

88.2
54.4

28.9
29.1

Oct.
1988

544.3
320.9
144.5
104.3
26.4
30.5
68.2

31.3
79.4
44.5

794.2
281.1

796.6
281.7

9.4
32.7
42.5
23.0

9.5
33.2
42.5
22.8
187.0
24.5

182.8
24.0
28.1
78.6
88.3
54.5

8.6
24.8

186.7
24.5
28.0
81.7

92.2
56.1

211.9

25.1
145.7
88.2

27.9
81.9
92.1
55.9

Nov.
1987

430.2
270.2
125.2
86.4
22.7
21.9
52.4
22.7

Dec.
1987

432.4
272.6
126.6
86.8
23.5
22.2
52.7
22.6
55.6

Oct.
1988
436.3
271.9
126.4
87.8

28.9

21.3
23.6
51.4
24.6
58.1
30.3

457.7
11.5
74.6
39.4
35.2
37.3
15.6
30.3
29.4

450.8
11.5
73.6
38.8
34.8
37.4
15.5
30.4
29.6

465.8
12.0
74.3
39.4
34.9
40.0
15.4
30.8
30.8

167.5
13.4
55.6
83.4
81.5
14.9
6.7

160.5
13.2
54.0
78.3
82.2
15.1
6.7

582.6
212.2
161.9

585.0
213.9

56.1
28.8

78.7
44.7

790.5
279.6
210.5
25.2
144.5
87.7

769.3
279.2
211.2
24.6

40.6
21.6

547.7

587.4

596.5
15.1
85.9
43.3
42.6
52.7
20.2
39.0
38.5
216.7
20.8
73.8
103.1
114.5
22.1

9.0
28.0

546.4
323.3
145.8
104.6
27.8
30.1
68.3
31.4

Dec.
1988P

594.9
15.4
85.3
42.8
42.5
53.0
20.2
39.0
38.6
214.4
20.7
73.4
101.2
115.1
22.3
8.6
25.0

580.9
14.7
85.4
42.9
42.5
51.5
20.4
38.7
37.0
207.9
20.0
70.8
97.9
112.6
21.7
8.8
24.9

134.9
83.7

Nov.
1988P

18.2
106.1
67.7
6.6
20.9
29.6

15.9
131.8
18.4
19.7
56.9

71.0
44.6

162.9
18.5

Nov.
1988P

438.6
274.3
127.5

440.1

88.1
22.6
23.2
51.6
24.8
57.5
30.4
456.6

167.0
13.6
56.1
82.5
84.6
15.5
6.4

464.3
12.3
73.9
38.9
35.0
40.6
15.4
30.7
30.9
164.7
13.4
55.9
80.6
85.0
15.6
6.4

606.2
216.0
164.0

609.0
217.4
165.3

612.4
218.4

21.3

19.1
116.7
72.2
7.2
25.7

29.7
15.9
131.0
18.7

31.6
17.5
134.4
18.8

19.1

19.8

19.2

117.9
72.6
7.3
26.3
31.4
17.4
134.3
18.7
19.0

56.1
70.7
44.4

59.7
74.2
45.8

59.8
74.1
45.7

107.3
68.2
6.7

Dec.
1988P

1,437.1 1,438.7 1,477.7 1,482.3 1,484.6 1,070.1 1,071.8 1,104.8 1,108.6 1,108.3
53.7
46.7
46.2
47.1
54.5
55.5
46.2
54.2
42.7
37.6
37.1
38.4
43.9
44.7
37.7
43.2
98.7
98.6
100.4 101.2
136.1 133.0 133.1
135.4
46.0
33.5
33.4
34.4
46.9
46.8
34.6
45.9
75.6
57.3
57.3
58.6
78.3
77.7
59.3
75.8
65.0
48.3
47.5
45.1
63.0
62.7
45.3
65.8
25.9
19.7
19.0
18.5
25.6
25.3
18.7
26.7
26.9
19.3
19.1
17.5
25.5
25.6
17.4
27.1
312.9 311.2 324.9 323.6
449.6 449.1
436.4 434.1
58.6
58.4
56.5
80.6
78.6
78.7
56.3
80.4
67.2
68.5
69.7
93.2
92.3
94.1
68.2
92.5
65.3
64.5
57.8
95.1
88.1
88.0
58.1
95.9
85.7
86.7
84.7
84.3
112.1 111.8 115.2 114.5
24.5
24.3
22.7
22.5
32.5
31.0
32.9
30.7

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988 P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc, fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,058.3 2,077.5 2,168.4 2,181.4 2,197.2 1,227.7 1,240.6 1,296.8 1,308.0 1,319.2
59.2
58.8
59.1
58.0
89.6
89.0
89.0
89.0
13.7
13.6
13.7
13.3
23.3
23.1
23.6
24.2
45.5
45.2
45.4
44.7
66.3
65.4
65.9
64.8
76.0
74.9
69.0
66.9
104.4
105.2
99.6
97.4
53.3
53.0
47.0
46.3
76.4
76.2
71.2
70.5
221.1
223.2 235.6 236.2
145.3
144.7
134.8
133.3
52.9
52.8
49.7
49.3
84.5
84.8
80.8
80.5
11.2
11.2
10.9
10.7
18.4
18.3
17.7
17.9
27.1
27.0
24.4
24.2
44.8
44.8
41.0
40.7
18.3
18.3
17.6
17.3
34.1
34.0
33.3
32.8
18.6
18.4
17.7
17.5
25.4
26.5
26.8
25.0
207.1
305.6 308.4
289.4 291.0
223.1
208.3 220.1
28.5
47.7
30.9
30.3
28.5
47.3
45.0
45.0
10.8
11.7
11.5
10.9
18.0
17.1
17.0
17.8
146.1
112.7
111.1
105.6
105.0
144.6
138.3
137.5
41.0
40.8
38.0
37.6
56.9
57.3
53.2
52.8
15.2
14.8
14.8
14.7
20.8
20.5
20.1
20.0
99.1
177.4
175.7
166.1
164.8
106.8
105.8
100.0
23.5
41.1
38.7
24.9
24.7
23.6
40.9
39.0
13.7
21.2
20.5
14.0
14.0
13.9
21.2
20.6
16.3
17.8
17.6
16.3
29.5
29.2
27.3
27.2
161.4
159.8
170.6
169.0
249.2 250.7 260.9 262.9
25.6
25.3
27.1
26.8
46.6
46.3
44.5
44.1
32.3
32.0
33.9
33.2
43.3
42.8
41.5
41.2
12.0
11.8
12.3
12.2
21.1
20.7
20.4
20.3
19.5
19.4
20.1
20.0
30.7
30.7
30.2
30.1
13.4
13.2
14.4
14.3
20.9
20.7
19.5
19.4
11.3
11.3
12.2
12.2
17.9
17.9
17.0
16.9
169.3
167.4
169.6
167.8
501.1
520.4 522.9
493.7
143.3
141.7
143.7
142.8
440.3 447.3 465.9 467.8
127.5
127.4
132.0
131.4
182.7
181.9
177.3
177.5
92.8
93.1
97.4
96.6
131.2
130.3
125.7
126.1
208.7 211.2 224.3 225.4
276.4 279.3 294.9 296.1
25.2
24.9
25.4
25.7
32.1
32.4
31.3
31.7
198.6 200.0
186.0
183.8
247.6 262.5 264.0
245.1

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,108.7 2,117.8 2,134.8 2,139.4 2,138.6 1,243.9 1,249.5 1,264.7 1,269.5 1,267.8
112.9
80.3
79.8
79.2
78.6
112.0
109.5
108.6
37.0
36.6
36.2
36.1
50.6
51.1
49.7
49.5
43.3
43.2
43.0
42.5
61.4
61.8
59.1
59.8
188.7
131.0
126.7
126.4
188.2
184.3
183.6
130.8
90.0
70.5
68.0
67.6
89.9
88.2
87.8
70.5
62.9
36.6
35.1
35.0
62.4
61.1
60.9
36.5
139.8
139.9
139.2
140.3
113.8
113.6
111.9
111.0
29.1
29.3
30.5
24.0
23.7
24.8
23.8
28.9
23.1
22.5
22.5
18.9
18.6
18.0
18.0
22.8
35.7
37.9
36.3
30.4
30.6
27.5
28.1
38.2

See footnotes at end of table.

86




94.3
47.6
46.7
236.8
29.7
97.8
98.0
115.9
75.2
40.7
78.3
43.8
221.8
80.9
54.4

94.8
48.0
46.8
237.2
29.9
98.0
97.9
116.3
75.6
40.7
78.2
43.5
224.5
83.0
55.0

98.7
50.9
47.8
241.8
30.6
98.0
101.8
122.0
79.6
42.4
77.6
42.4
236.3
89.3
56.2

98.9
51.2
47.7
244.2
31.1
99.5
102.3
123.2
80.1
43.1
76.7
41.6
237.1
90.0
56.3

72.3
39.1
33.2
189.3
22.8
83.5
74.8
93.2
60.9
32.3
47.7
23.9
162.1
54.8
41.5

72.7
39.3
33.4
189.4
23.0
83.6
74.5
93.7
61.2
32.5
47.7
23.7
164.4
56.2
42.4

75.7
41.6
34.1
192.8
23.4
83.1
77.9
98.0
64.3
33.7
48.9
23.7
172.2
60.5
43.1

75.9
41.8
34.1
194.8
23.9
84.5
78.0
99.1
64.8
34.3
48.9
24.0
172.6
60.8
43.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661

3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679

369
3691

3694
37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .,
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
J395
[396
J3961
J399
3993

381

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

194.1
25.5
75.5
15.5
28.2
84.2
63.5
605.7
116.9
488.8
642.2
38.0
251.9
278.2
151.1
29.1
66.5

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

194.8
25.1
75.2

195.8
25.1
75.4

15.7

16.0

28.2
83.3
63.2
607.0
117.3

28.8
86.6

16.3
29.0
87.6
66.0

194.7
25.5
75.8

489.7
646.9
38.3
253.6
280.3
151.8

29.2
67.2

65.1

281.7
156.2

587.3
115.0
472.3
669.8
38.6
270.3
282.8
157.5

31.3

31.5

68.2

68.7

589.2
116.3
472.9

667.9
38.4

269.3

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

141.7
21.7
50.0
11.3
21.6
58.6
43.4
252.2
66.1
186.1
368.2
24.3
98.4
190.3
107.2
22.8
51.1

Dec.
1987

141.9
21.8
50.2
11.5
21.4
57.4

42.6
253.4
67.1
186.3

371.3
24.6
99.5
191.4
107.7
22.8
51.5

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

141.1
21.3
49.0

141.9

11.9
22.0
60.9
44.4
246.8
69.5

12.2
22.2
61.7
45.0
245.7
68.8
176.9
382.4
24.9
108.1
190.9
112.7
24.0
53.0

177.3
380.4

24.9
106.8

190.0
111.3

23.9
52.5

Dec.
1988P

21.2
49.1

2,060.7 2,065.9 2,049.1 2,064.7 2,073.9 1,298.6 1,302.8 1,279.7 1,292.2 1,300.9
865.7 862.4 869.2 875.8 674.9 675.7 675.2 681.6 685.7
863.1
373.4 376.6 363.7
282.6 284.1 276.3 280.1
368.8
33.6
42.8
42.8
33.5
34.0
33.3
43.0
42.9
322.2 324.9
320.0 319.9
397.4 397.3 401.3 403.7
26.5
26.3
23.8
33.0
33.3
30.9
30.6
24.2
337.8 342.6
353.0 352.1
707.2 707.3 696.5 700.8
164.4
369.2 371.7
368.1
164.4 161.7 163.9
366.8
74.7
79.1
155.4 148.2 148.3
155.7
74.0
79.2
109.5
179.1
183.8
184.7
108.5 102.1 104.0
180.8
144.9
194.0 188.6 191.9
138.9 139.3
147.5
191.8
85.7
84.3
95.6
93.3
129.9 122.5 126.6
128.2
54.6
53.6
51.6
66.1
64.1
51.9
65.3
63.6
26.7
19.5
34.2
28.5
27.6
25.5
20.5
35.5
61.5
60.9
63.5
207.4
64.8
207.8 206.2 206.2
43.2
46.6
43.6
47.7
156.0 156.1 154.2 154.5
33.1
34.4
34.7
49.9
33.0
51.8
49.6
51.3
15.7
15.5
15.1
15.3
19.9
19.9
20.1
19.6
718.2
86.9

720.6
87.3

236.3
41.4
53.9
100.5
35.6

236.6
41.3
54.3
100.5
35.7

202.1
98.4
88.6
38.0
108.3
11.0

203.5
99.0
89.3
37.9
108.4
11.2

377.8
55.5
39.5
12.8
100.2
44.2
56.0
32.5
41.5
22.3

390.3
57.9
41.0
12.6
106.8
49.3
57.5
33.0
40.7
21.2

391.1
58.1
41.2
12.5
105.8
48.1
57.7
33.0
41.5
22.2

135.3
59.7

139.3
61.4

140.2
62.1

704.3
84.0
237.7
41.7
53.8
101.2
33.9
193.1
95.2
83.8
37.6
106.2
11.8

705.3
84.5
237.4
41.9
53.8
101.0
34.0
193.5
94.8
84.5
37.7
106.5
11.7

387.5
56.8
40.7
13.0
103.9
48.5
55.4
32.8
44.4
23.8

136.6
59.9

725.0

384.9

385.8
38.7
132.9
27.2
28.2
49.6
16.7
116.9
55.0
53.9
25.9
45.8
8.9

386.8
39.0
133.0
27.4
28.5
49.4
16.8
117.5
55.0
54.4
26.0
45.8
8.7

397.8
40.4
135.2
27.5
28.9
51.2
18.4
122.2
57.1
56.6
26.2
47.1
8.3

399.7
40.7

284.8
39.6
28.2
10.9
79.0
36.2
42.8
22.8
34.9
18.9
97.6
41.5

274.8
38.6
27.4
10.7
75.0
31.9
43.1
22.7
31.8
17.3
96.0
41.3

285.4
41.3
29.1
10.5
79.7
35.8
43.9
23.3
31.3
16.1
99.3
42.4

285.4
41.4
29.2
10.4
78.5
34.7
43.8
23.1
32.2
17.0
99.8
43.0

403.1

135.7
27.6
29.2
51.5
18.4
122.9
57.3
57.1
26.0
47.5
8.5

279.0

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

88




Allemployees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Production workers

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

5,736 5,696
7,979 7,955 8,118 8,118 8,083 5,647 5,624 5,741
1,650.6 1,627.9 1,695.0 1,676.6 1,649.5 1,173.9 1,151.9 1,214.0 1,196.3 1,166.5
338.3 338.2 342.5 346.4
408.5
404.1
398.3 398.1
145.0
141.6
121.7
120.6
119.3
118.6
144.0
140.7
_
60.4
82.5
81.7
60.6
59.9
60.0
81.1
81.1
154.4
145.5
143.1
140.3
160.1
157.7
155.4
140.9
_
98.1
163.0
162.8
162.4
98.5
98.2
98.1
163.2
_
32.7
43.7
42.8
42.4
33.4
33.0
32.5
43.3
_
39.9
80.4
80.6
40.1
39.9
40.0
80.5
80.5
201.2
179.0 221.9
195.2
246.5
221.6 267.1
238.1
18.6
25.2
25.4
24.2
24.5
18.2
16.9
17.3
_
65.4
65.7
77.9
52.2
80.0
92.2
73.4
60.1
_
47.0
47.9
52.8
40.9
46.8
42.3
35.3
41.0
_
134.9
135.4
130.1
129.4
94.4
95.6
90.6
89.7
17.1
_
17.1
16.3
16.1
24.7
24.3
23.5
23.4
_
44.5
44.7
43.3
42.8
28.2
28.6
27.7
27.1
209.6
211.5 210.9 209.1
129.1
128.2
130.3
130.4
_
162.8
92.4
91.2
161.9
161.2
163.6
92.0
92.3
_
All
47.9
48.1
47.9
36.7
37.0
38.3
38.1
_
103.6
89.9
82.3
85.4
110.9
106.8
90.5
111.7
_
25.1
24.9
27.0
21.4
19.6
26.0
20.5
21.6
58.8
60.1
55.0
66.8
65.1
56.6
49.1
50.4
26.4
26.1
25.7
25.8
35.4
35.3
34.7
34.7
_
197.2
199.6
200.1
84.2
198.0
83.4
84.0
84.2
_
39.7
39.1
39.3
39.6
23.4
24.7
23.5
24.9
_
115.0
117.0
117.1
37.7
115.5
37.5
38.2
37.6
166.5
169.3
169.8
171.9
126.4
127.5
123.6
126.8
55.2
38.6

57.0
39.0

55.3
38.1

54.5
38.3

54.6
-

41.9
28.7

43.6
29.0

41.7
28.1

41.1
28.4

40.8
-

736.1
102.5
90.2
18.8
23.6
214.0
35.1
35.4
72.4
26.2
26.0
61.0
24.5
22.3
59.4
112.4
83.2
15.3
54.2

733.6
102.4
90.9
19.1
23.7
211.4
35.0
35.4
70.7
25.7
25.9
60.7
24.4
22.3
58.8
112.3
83.2
15.3
54.3

726.0
96.8
94.2
19.5
25.2
206.3
32.5
34.9
69.1
25.4
25.5
58.5
24.0
21.2
59.8
110.7
82.1
15.1
55.0

725.5
96.3
95.0
19.7
25.4
205.9
32.2
34.6
69.2
25.2
25.8
58.7
24.1
21.1
60.0
109.7
81.5
14.9
54.8

723.9
_

638.7
92.6
80.4
15.4
20.4
187.5
31.3
31.7
64.5
21.9
22.5
51.3
20.7
18.2
48.0
100.9
75.6
13.5
42.2

636.6
92.5
81.1
15.6
20.5
185.6
31.2
31.8
62.9
21.8
22.4
50.9
20.7
18.1
47.3
100.7
75.3
13.5
42.4

629.6
87.5
83.4
15.8
21.7
182.2
29.4
31.5
61.7
21.5
22.3
48.5
19.9
17.1
48.6
98.9
74.2
13.3
43.0

629.1
87.1
84.3
16.0
21.8
181.8
29.2
31.3
61.8
21.2
22.5
48.5
19.9
17.0
48.9
97.8
73.6
13.1
42.9

627.7

940.3
50.1
271.3
73.9
44.2
85.5
297.3
38.5
68.9
35.3
154.6

929.2
49.7
270.6
73.6
44.4
84.8
290.4
37.9
68.2
31.3
153.0

926.6
50.6
265.5
71.0
43.2
80.7
288.0
36.7
68.0
35.2
148.1

930.2
50.7
266.2
70.8
43.3
81.2
290.2
36.5
67.7
36.0
150.0

922.6

_

1,117.8 1,105.9 1,098.2 1,101.0 1,093.8
57.8
58.5
58.5
58.1
314.6 313.7 307.6 308.3
86.2
86.4
83.2
83.2
_
49.7
49.7
50.8
50.6
93.2
97.0
97.9
92.9
355.9 348.5 344.8 346.1
44.3
45.5
46.2
44.5
_
81.6
81.5
82.1
82.3
42.7
38.4
42.6
43.3
177.0
175.5
183.0
184.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

58.8
49.6
9.2
46.1
20.0
35.6
167.2
20.7
48.7
34.8

59.0
49.9
9.1
46.6
20.3
35.6
166.8
20.2
48.7
34.6

690.7
_

519.7
144.7
126.0
40.2
173.5
36.7
21.1
42.0
161.3
36.2
84.9
19.3

519.8
145.7
126.9
40.7
172.1
36.5
21.3
42.4
161.3
36.3
85.0
19.4

522.4
144.4
126.5
40.3
174.1
35.0
21.0
42.6
163.6
36.7
85.6
19.6

523.9
145.1
127.3
40.5
173.9
35.3
21.2
42.9
164.4
37.3
85.7
19.4

522.3
_

1,535.3* , 1,538.9 1,579.2 1,591.0 1,596.0
479.0 479.5 481.8
479.0
123.7
130.9
129.5
124.3
113.1
110.7
110.5
108.3
83.5
81.8
82.2
80.4
29.6
28.5
27.9
28.7
83.8
82.6
80.4
80.2
565.8
541.5
540.5
561.9
174.8
173.9
167.2
167.4
361.0
345.5
344.3
358.3
51.9
50.6
50.6
51.6
81.6
74.6
81.2
73.8
57.6
54.3
54.2
57.6

859.8
175.9
46.7
56.6
34.7
21.9
42.1
393.6
119.8
250.7
34.8
58.9
40.5

864.6
176.6
46.3
59.2
36.6
22.6
42.4
394.3
119.2
251.9
34.9
59.6
40.6

882.0
172.2
46.1
56.8
33.8
23.0
41.6
410.0
125.0
261.3
35.4
64.1
42.7

889.3
172.8
47.1
58.5
35.1
23.4
42.9
412.9
126.1
262.9
35.6
64.1
42.7

891.7
_

1,039.7 1,044.3 1,071.3 1,071.7 1,073.3
_
133.4
132.6
133.2
132.5
88.7
90.4
88.5
89.9
171.2
167.7
170.8
167.3
79.4
76.3
79.2
76.8
64.2
64.1
63.2
63.4
232.2
219.9
231.3
218.1
184.2
174.6
183.7
173.1
164.9
166.3
158.9
158.2
45.4
45.2
45.5
45.0
44.2
42.0
41.9
43.9
75.3
71.1
71.4
77.4
61.1
61.4
61.8
61.8
158.9
152.0
158.3
152.3
30.6
29.1
29.1
30.4
128.3
122.9
127.9
123.2
52.0
52.4
50.6
51.8
98.8
98.3
98.5
98.5

583.2
67.0
48.3
109.2
44.5
44.3
99.8
77.8
101.8
28.5
23.6
49.7
30.3
86.9
18.5
68.4
31.7
56.5

587.7
66.8
48.2
109.8
44.9
44.3
100.9
78.7
102.4
28.5
23.9
50.0
30.0
87.4
18.6
68.8
33.5
56.9

601.7
66.4
47.7
112.3
46.9
45.6
103.4
80.3
107.1
28.1
25.0
54.0
30.7
91.2
18.5
72.7
32.8
57.8

600.5
66.1
47.4
112.4
46.8
45.8
103.6
80.3
105.1
28.1
25.2
51.8
30.3
91.8
18.7
73.1
32.9
58.3

601.2
_

108.7
81.4
20.3

107.1
81.6
18.5

110.7
82.1
21.4

109.7
82.0
20.5

106.6
_

71.8
58.6
13.2
59.7
25.4
41.8
195.2
25.8
55.2
40.0

70.6
57.6
13.0
54.9
23.0
43.0
200.2
25.1
57.3
40.5

70.8
57.8
13.0
55.3
23.4
42.8
200.3
24.6
57.4
40.6

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
|2653
2654

684.0
190.3
166.6
53.2
234.3
58.6
27.1
53.1
206.2
45.5
111.5
22.5

684.8
191.2
167.4
53.7
233.4
58.8
27.3
53.4
206.5
45.8
111.7
22.5

692.2
190.8
168.0
52.9
238.1
58.9
27.3
54.3
210.4
46.0
113.7
23.3

693.2
191.4
168.6
52.9
237.4
59.3
27.4
54.4
211.5
46.5
114.1
23.1

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress...
Commercial printing, lithographic .
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

29
291
295

Dec.
1987

59.1
50.1
9.0
50.0
22.2
34.6
161.1
20.9
47.4
33.3

72.7
59.4
13.3
59.6
25.2
42.5
197.1
26.0
56.0
40.6

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

Nov.
1987

59.7
50.7
9.0
50.0
22.1
35.2
163.2
21.2
48.1
34.0

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Chemicals and allied products
28
Industrial inorganic chemicals
281
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
Plastics materials and resins
2821
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Dec.
1988P

166.1
127.1
26.6

164.5
127.2
24.8

169.3
128.5
27.7

168.5
128.5
26.9

164.8
-

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1987

888.5
87.3
12.0

889.7

657.4
60.7
10.2

662.4
60.9
10.2

690.4
64.9
9.9

694.2
65.0
9.9

695.8

303,4
306
307

23.2
105.7
619.4

23.4
106.3
623.4

25.3
109.8
650.3

25.5
110.1
653.6

-

17.0
81.2
488.3

17.2
81.9
492.2

18.7
84.3
512.6

19.0
84.7
515.6

-

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

147.8
14.4
86.8
38.4
30.3
11.5
17.0

146.4
14.4
86.7
38.2
30.8
11.7
16.1

147.1
14.3
85.5
38.6
28.7
12.3
16.4

147.2
14.5
86.0
39.1
28.7
12.4
16.0

146.3

123.3
11.9
74.6
31.3
26.8
8.2
13.7

121.4
11.9
74.0
30.8
27.2
8.4
12.7

121.7
11.9
72.7
31.2
25.3
9.0
12.9

122.0
12.0
73.4
31.6
25.4
9.2
12.4

121.0

5,498

5,521

5,683

5,683

5,696

4,565

4,584

4,723

4,724

4,727

3,265

3,287

3,434

3,434

3,451

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

288.1
101.3

288.5
101.7

297.0
106.5

295.8
106.7

-

28.1

28.0

29.6

29.6

303.2
263.8

299.4
259.5

302.7
260.7

295.0
253.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation

41
411
412
413
415

311.6
110.9
33.8
31.1
113.4

312.1
111.3
34.2
31.0
113.5

323.3
117.1
32.4
32.9
115.2

322.2
117.6
32.7
32.9
113.8

-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

177.0
25.6
97.8

176.5
25.8
96.5

183.5
28.3
102.4

181.3
27.7
100.7

-

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

623.4
547.7
75.7

623.1
546.5
76.6

660.0
578.9
81.1

664.4
583.0
81.4

-

-

-

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

18.2

18.3

16.3

16.2

-

13.2

308.1
65.4

311.4
65.3

341.9
72.0

344.6
72.7

_

47
471

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

48
481
483
4832
4833

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

90




Dec.
1988P

884.7
87.3
12.0

40
4011

,

Nov.
1988P

851.2
85.7
12.4

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

Oct.
1988

846.3
85.7
12.3

Transportation

Intercity highway transportation
School buses

Nov.
1987

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities

Taxicabs

Dec.
1988P

50
501
5012
5013

1,523.6 1,545.9 1,606.5 1,610.2
1,405.4 1,431.7 1,475.9 1,482.5
127.7
114.2
118.2
130.6

2,249
2,233
2,234
2,249
1,307.5 1,307.2 1,313.6 1,313.9
904.6
912.9 912.3
906.3
239.6 240.5
247.3
245.9
118.4
114.7
115.5
117.8
128.9
124.9
125.0
128.1
925.8
445.3
165.1
202.4
86.3

927.1
445.7
165.4
203.9
85.3

934.9
444.6
167.0
201.9
93.7

935.2
444.4
166.9
201.9
94.3

5,975

5,993

6,276

6,293

3,518
438.7
114.2
293.9

3,538
439.2
114.4
294.4

3,743
456.5
120.7
304.4

3,765
457.5
122.2
303.5

-

1,329.0 1,350.9 1,402.5 1,407.1
1,228.8 1,254.2 1,291.2 1,298.5
96.7
100.2
108.6
111.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

13.3

11.5

11.4

-

-

-

_

-

-

988.1
672.5
195.7

987.0
671.3
196.4

992.9
664.2
202.8

993.2
662.2
204.4

-

-

2,245

-

732.1
339.0
130.5
166.4
74.9

732.9
339.2
130.7
167.7
74.0

738.1
338.5
131.7
165.0
81.2

737.7
338.5
131.3
164.5
81.9

-

6,315

4£93

4,810

5,060

5,066

5,089

3,789

2,791
352.0

2,811
352.5

2,994
367.4

3,006
367.7

-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
!5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

148.8
147.5
146.8
147.6
65.8
65.7
64.1
63.7
82.7
83.0
81.8
83.9
247.4 248.6 290.0 294.3
112.9
131.4
112.2
132.8
135.7
135.2
161.5
158.6
92.8
90.5
89.6
88.8
149.4
139.1
138.2
150.4
508.2
506.9
541.2
539.1
280.6 301.2 302.1
279.1
71.3
70.7
68.9
68.9
158.7
158.9
167.8
167.2
267.3 274.3
266.0
274.5
93.6
93.1
92.2
92.0
113.9
114.3
111.0
109.9
1,479.0 1,492.1 1,574.0 1,583.8
588.7
554.4
563.6 584.1
83.5
78.9
78.9
84.0
114.2
115.3
121.9
121.9
307.1 308.7
329.4 331.6
132.0
131.9
140.2
141.2
181.1
178.6
194.6
194.4
207.4 221.6
205.3
221.7
93.2
102.9
103.2
94.2
2,457
206.7
171.3
202.2
792.6
251.6
66.2
97.1
130.5
200.5
84.9
115.6
152.9
94.6
58.3
468.1
148.6

2,455
207.1
173.4
200.6
793.6
252.8
66.0
97.7
130.6
201.4
85.4
116.0
153.9
94.9
59.0
465.6
146.1

2,533
213.9
179.3
207.4
812.2
259.8
65.2
106.5
133.8
205.8
88.8
117.0
155.4
97.6
57.8
487.3
161.5

2,528
214.7
180.8
207.9
811.7
261.5
66.2
103.5
134.3
205.5
88.9
116.6
156.3
97.4
58.9
487.7
159.0

749.3
410.1
161.8

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

120.3

119.9

119.0

120.7

203.3

204.2

237.6

240.1

73.0
108.6
384.9

74.0
109.2
386.6

73.4
118.4
414.8

74.7
119.3
417.4

215.8

216.4

221.6

221.7

2,526

165.8

167.2

178.5

178.9

2,002
167.7
142.7
154.6
669.7

1,999
167.6
144.9
153.3
670.5

2,066
173.3
151.0
160.8
684.6

2,060
174.4
152.4
160.8
683.9

96.7
156.6

96.7
156.8

98.0
161.1

98.1
160.8

125.1

125.8

127.2

128.0

380.8

378.2

395.0

395.1

16,938 17,287

17,177 17,442 17,808
632.0
348.6
139.2

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,665.7 2,803.7 2,550.5 2,691.9 2,880.2 2,496.0 2,627.3 2,351.4 2,492.3
2,235.2 2,340.6 2,116.7 2,233.5
2,108.4 2,210.7 1,962.2 2,079.4
251.0 266.6 249.1
260.2
230.2 244.2 228.0 238.8
174.1
198.2
184.7
196.5
179.5
157.4
172.4
161.2

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,016.1 3,051.6 3,149.1 3,195.2 3,239.5 2,774.8 2,809.2 2,899.9 2,942.7
2,648.2 2,664.6 2,780.7 2,814.3
2,447.1 2,463.6 2,575.5 2,607.8
59.0
58.9
58.0
60.7
27.0
33.2
30.9
29.8
162.4
178.7
178.5
180.2
161.1
181.2
164.5
161.3

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,021.4 2,021.9 2,106.9 2,099.8 2,097.7 1,691.8 1,690.7 1,759.3 1,752.1
987.5 986.1 1,024.5 1,021.5
818.3
816.2 848.0 845.5
328.2 326.9 337.0
266.6 265.3 272.3
270.6
335.0
610.4 614.4 637.7 637.7
531.0 534.6
553.7
553.1

752.9
415.7
159.8

767.3
418.5
166.0

764.1
415.0
167.4

Dec.
1988P

1,167.6 1,181.3 1,262.9 1,265.8

19,050 19,408 19,404 19,678 20,081

Retail trade ...

Nov.
1987

625.0
350.7
133.0

621.6
345.4
134.4

633.4
351.2
137.7

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC

Industry

ooae
Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers

All employees
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

1,150.7 1,211.5 1,105.9 1,150.9
106.1
102.5
118.8
110.1
394.4 412.0 384.7 393.5
275.2 297.9 259.4 278.9
229.4
227.8 233.4 222.1

Dec.
1988P

-

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

979.2 1,039.5
99.9
91.4
335.5 353.1
241.5 263.3
194.7
188.1

931.2
82.8
322.9
225.6
184.1

978.2
86.5
332.6
245.4
192.2

702.9
384.2
_
78.5
240.2
_
-

679.2
379.4
_
73.4
226.4
_
-

692.6
384.6
_
73.9
234.1
_

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,162.8 6,174.9 6,421.9 6,381.7 6,390.5 5,604.2 5,620.9 5,844.7 5,799.4

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,448.4 2,545.9 2,472.6 2,551.0
586.8 593.9
592.2 607.4
129.6
127.2
125.7
125.3
886.4
845.3 906.8 835.1
150.1
155.0
154.3
147.7
82.4
78.7
84.7
82.5
78.0
79.1
77.9
76.9
168.0
156.7
166.2
156.6
168.7
177.8
164.9
173.8
64.0
63.3
63.6
62.7
282.7
293.5 295.8 278.1
133.1
145.6
144.8
136.2
90.1
90.1
89.3
90.8
113.0
111.9
121.0
117.5
393.3 406.4 437.2 446.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3

Finance

831.5
460.4
284.0
90.4
280.7
204.7
76.0

848.7
465.7
286.0
91.1
291.9
212.2
79.7

829.5
465.3
289.1
87.5
276.7
198.2
78.5

843.6
470.0
291.0
88.1
285.5
203.4
82.1

_
_
-

_
_

_

_
_

688.3
379.9
_
77.6
230.8
_
-

3,295

3,304

3,317

-

-

896.0
391.7
221.7
165.5
251.7
71.2
159.8

664.0
303.4
_
185.3
-

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

463.5
362.4

464.7
362.2

453.1
347.5

452.2
346.3

_

Holding and other investment offices

67

208.4

210.4

218.2

219.7

-

2,039

2,047

2,085

2,090

64

See footnotes at end of table.

92




-

3,296

893.8
390.3
220.5
165.2
250.4
69.6
161.7

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

-

3,289

890.0
399.4
221.4
173.2
241.3
58.2
167.3

63
631
632
633
636

4,849

4,812

890.2
399.2
221.3
173.1
239.8
58.3
168.6

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

4,841

4,796

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

Insurance

4,840

6,712

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

1,429.0 1,435.1 1,456.3 1,459.0
586.0 590.2 592.9 593.4
199.6
199.9 206.7 207.7
553.2
539.6 541.7
552.0
56.7
56.6
57.0
56.0
609.6

612.1

628.6

630.5

_

_
252.9
_
_
101.0
360.9

6,699

_

-

_
267.6
_
_
94.3
334.1

6,691

1,727.0 1,731.0 1,729.5 1,735.8
1,557.1 1,560.3 1,552.1 1,557.0
345.0
343.5 344.6 344.1
371.0 372.2 373.9 374.9
84.5
84.1
86.0
85.4

_

_
_
248.5
_
_
98.0
353.0

6,601

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

_
_

_

_

6,582

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

_

-

2,078.3 2,174.4 2,078.0 2,152.2
499.9 506.7
521.9
508.0
_
_
_
_
778.5 700.6 749.5
717.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
266.0
_
_
93.1
319.8

Dec.
1988 P

1,241.0 1,243.2 1,233.0 1,236.9
1,115.3 1,117.1 1,103.4 1,105.8
_
_
_

_

-

_

663.1
303.4
_
186.5
-

-

2,094

-

-

955.2
355.0
160.8
360.6
-

961.5
357.1
161.5
364.5
-

664.7
295.8
_
_
193.7
-

666.6
296.5
_
195.1
-

_

-

-

-

-

-

969.7
353.8
167.1
369.3
-

971.5
354.8
168.0
369.4
-

_
_
_
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Nov.
1987

1,254

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc .

66

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1987

1,258

Oct.
1988

1,311

Nov.
1988P

1,305

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988 P

1,301

1,244.5 1,247.8 1,301.6 1,295.6
529.4 536.1
546.6 548.0
530.4 533.7 558.7 557.7
151.2
145.3
156.8
163.2
9.9

10.0

9.6

9.6

24,578 24,622 25,929 25,912 25,960 21,528 21,558 22,651 22,627 22,653

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,460.0 1,465.5 1,609.8 1,583.5
1,422.6 1,429.1 1,565.1 1,540.5

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,156.5 1,179.0 1,203.1 1,200.7
412.6 413.9 419.2 418.3
62.4
61.0
59.1
59.1
355.6 356.7 357.9 359.6
78.1
76.6
77.2
78.5

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736

5,322.3 5,326.6 5,609.0 5,599.2 5,628.3 4,567.2 4,564.7 4,793.6 4,780.8
215.0
215.8 216.6 217.1
160.2
161.2
160.8
160.5
160.2
158.7
159.0
159.4
96.0
97.0
97.3
95.1
224.7 227.9 252.5 255.3
711.5 706.2 728.6 725.6
642.9 638.4 657.8 655.8
1,268.7 1,262.3 1,339.5 1,323.7
195.9
188.3
186.5 200.8
997.5 993.1 1,052.9 1,041.9
675.4 681.2 751.4
754.9
530.5 534.1
586.0
588.1
254.9 258.7 290.5 293.4
308.9 310.9 336.4 336.6

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic ..
Services to buildings
*" Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
^-Computer and data processing services .
Computer programming and software ...
Data processing services
Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee .
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories..

Dec.
1988 P

7362
. 737 ~
7372
7374
739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

1,263.6 1,270.0 1,396.6 1,372.1
367.8

368.4

372.7

371.6

319.9

320.5

319.0

320.3

2,120.8 2,126.6 2,214.9 2,216.0
192.8
196.4 201.5 201.2
597.2 598.5 614.1
621.3
458.2 460.1
480.4
478.1
247.8 246.7 263.4 261.4
85.3
83.5
85.6
85.3

Auto repair, services, and garages ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

802.3
161.5
480.3

804.8
164.5
479.7

840.2
170.0
508.7

840.2
169.2
509.0

667.9

669.1

692.3

691.5

397.3

395.8

418.8

417.4

Miscellaneous repair services.
Electrical repair shops

76
762

326.2
105.0

326.9
105.4

346.6
117.4

347.4
117.9

270.7

270.8

283.5

283.3

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services.
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

230.4
116.5
99.4

231.4
116.1
100.9

230.9
116.7
98.5

232.0
121.2
95.3

193.9
94.6

195.6
94.6

192.6
92.3

194.3
96.9

Amusement and recreation services .

79

802.2

815.8

908.5

854.2

696.1

709.4

780.5

732.4

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and persona! care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals ....
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric .
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

6,954.4
1,078.2
476.6
1,298.7
870.8
427.9
3,215.4
2,997.7
77.1
140.6
139.5
269.2

6,982.7
1,088.4
477.9
1,301.1
872.0
429.1
3,224.6
3,006.5
77.5
140.6
140.1
270.1

7,365.3
1,166.7
498.6
1,340.5
898.1
442.4
3,390.7
3,158.1
83.1
149.5
155.2
304.1

7,405.8 7,458.7 6,182.1 6,209.9 6,541.1 6,579.0
886.1
1,172.8
895.8 955.7 961.9
420.5 421.2 436.1
500.5
437.7
1,172.2 1,174.8 1,209.3 1,216.2
1,346.7
902.6
444.1
3,405.6
2,933.8 2,943.6 3,099.3 3,113.9
3,172.1
83.6
149.9
156.1
307.9

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

805.6

Dec.
1987

806.3

Oct.
1988

836.2

Nov.
1988P
843.4

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

82
821
822
824

1,566.2 1,536.3 1,610.3 1,635.9
385.9 390.0
380.6 381.2
1,018.3 987.2 1,044.5 1,063.8
80.6
80.2
81.7
79.8

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,533.0 1,540.5 1,616.4 1,634.0
302.1 303.6 308.9
311.6
221.5 223.5 215.7
216.0
357.2 360.4 379.8
384.6

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,579.7 1,586.7 1,607.2 1,607.3
91.2
93.4
91.3
93.1
137.0
132.5 135.3
135.6
378.8 382.6
366.1 369.5

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,337.7 1,342.9 1,409.8 1,416.8
732.2
775.0
730.8
777.1
123.6
126.7
123.1
128.2
460.3
478.4 481.5
457.1

Government
4

Federal Government

4

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

17,513

17,491

2,956

2,972




50.2

675.6

Dec.
1987

675.3

Oct.
1988

696.0

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

702.8

48.8

1,082.7 1,087.7 1,131.3 1,135.9
615.3 616.6 643.8 644.5
349.6

353.1

364.7

367.3

17,726 17,923 17,871
2,968

2,970

3731

125.4
76.4

125.4
76.3

121.3
74.1

121.5
74.3

806

44.1
428.1
250.5

43.1
428.6
250.8

38.6
436.3
247.2

38.8
436.5
247.2

806
82

4,105 4,084 4,168 4,189
440.0 439.9 446.3 447.5
1,735.6 1,710.7 1,731.9 1,763.7

2,984

4,170

1,394.4 1,398.7 1,444.0 1,435.0

806
82

10,452 10,435 10,590 10,764
492.3 495.5 495.8
492.4
620.5 640.9 642.9
618.3
5,974.5 5,958.0 6,000.7 6,116.9

10,717

3,037.3 3,035.4 3,100.4 3,157.8

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

94

49.3

Nov.
1987

2,898.3 2,914.3 2,909.1
991.5
994.2
951.3
832.9
810.6
830.0
1,093.5 1,089.9 1,127.8
37.8
37.9
37.3
20.2
20.1
21.1

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

49.1

Dec.
1988P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

47,637

48,341

48,673

49,586

50,165

Total private

39,120

39,391

40,599

40,778

40,980

Goods-producing

7,006

7,027

7,166

7,195

7,210

96

96

100

98

98

543

545

589

588

590

6,367

6,386

6,477

6,509

6,522

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,035
121
164
115
103
322
453
877
400
302
176

3,055
121
167
116
104
324
457
882
399
305
181

3,102
126
165
119
107
331
479
890
392
314
180

3,119
125
168
119
108
333
480
894
397
314
182

3,132
124
169
119
108
334
484
898
399
315
183

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,332
559
18
356
886
166
649
299
24
288
87

3,331
542
19
356
892
166
654
299
24
293
88

3,375
560
17
349
867
170
681
315
26
302
87

3,390
562
19
350
873
170
681
315
26
305
88

3,390
553
19
350
876
171
686
315
26
308
87

40,631

41,314

41,507

42,391

42,955

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,569

1,582

1,611

1,640

1,649

Wholesale trade

1,761

1,778

1,854

1,870

1,891

Retail trade

9,922

9,993

10,249

10,273

10,304

Finance, Insurance, and real estate

4,103

4,107

4,206

4,176

4,180

14,759

14,904

15,513

15,624

15,746

8,517
1,049
1,885
5,583

8,951
1,049
1,983
5,919

8,074
1,065
1,863
5,146

8,808
1,061
1,963
5,784

9,185
1,061
2,050
6,074

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services

Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.P

Dec.P

104,001

104,262

104,729

105,020

105,281

105,489

106,057

106,271

106,425

106,737

106,973

107,377

107,656

86,794

87,044

87,475

87,700

87,973

88,139

88,678

88,941

89,066

89,205

89,481

89,817

90,082

25,201

25,180

25,271

25,330

25,435

25,466

25,592

25,663

25,639

25,648

25,743

25,844

25,893

735
417

728
414

731
415

733
419

737
421

739
425

740
425

740
424

739
423

734
419

729
413

721
405

723
402

5,118
1,352

5,083
1,365

5,150
1,377

5,192
1,383

5,238
1,400

5,237
1,394

5,308
1,412

5,330
1,400

5,340
1,401

5,365
1,404

5,366
1,393

5,405
1,404

5,418
1,414

19,348

19,369

19,390

19,405

19,460

19,490

19,544

19,593

19,560

19,549

19,648

19,718

19,752

11,390
754
533
588
769
279
1,433
2,074
2,110
2,046
851
704
379

11,393
754
536
583
768
279
1,435
2,085
2,112
2,036
839
704
380

11,404
756
535

11,411
755
534
585
772
281
1,439
2,099
2,115
2,025
835
705
382

11,459
758
535
587
773
281
1,444
2,111
2,117
2,045
848
706
383

11,477
757
537
585
776
281
1,448
2,121

11,515
757
537
587
781
281
1,457

11,566
756
541
589

11,547
753
537
586
785
281
1,458

11,537
753

11,595
760
540
588

11,638
768
540
591

11,668
772
542
594

796

796

283
1,473

281
1,479

2,134
2,120
2,047

2,151

794
282
1,469
2,173
2,126
2,045

2,186

2,193
2,130
2,053
861
723

7,958
1,638
54
733
1,106
684
1,532
1,047
167
851
146

7,976
1,647
55
732

7,986

7,994
1,647
54

8,013
1,643
52
728
1,100
689
1,559
1,060

General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

584
770
280
1,438
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382

686

687

1,544
1,049

1,548
1,052
164
860

147

165
856
147

147

8,001
1,648
54
727
1,100
687
1,554
1,056
165
864
146

78,800

79,082

79,458

79,690

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,481
3,244
2,237

5,499
3,261
2,238

5,513
3,272
2,241

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

5,984
3,536
2,448

6,010
3,555
2,455

18,784
2,494
2,988
2,033
6,232

1,105
685
1,538

1,649
54
732
1,104

729
1,106

2,115
2,048
851

709
381

850
713
382

8,029
1,645
53
727
1,097

789
282
1,464
2,122
2,052
857

715
387
8,027
1,631
52
726
1,096

166

691
1,565
1,065
167

870

873

146

146

1,567
1,067
167
882
147

79,846

80,023

80,465

80,608

5,530
3,285
2,245

5,543
3,298
2,245

5,556
3,308
2,248

5,582
3,332
2,250

6,035
3,573
2,462

6,061
3,591
2,470

3,610
2,479

6,115
3,635
2,480

18,927
2,526
3,014
2,038
6,260

19,045
2,561
3,029
2,047
6,291

19,050
2,543
3,044
2,055
6,319

19,093
2,546
3,049
2,064
6,326

6,619
3,301
2,049
1,269

6,633
3,308
2,052
1,273

6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278

6,651
3,306
2,060
1,285

Services
Business services
Health services

24,725
5,306
6,995

24,795
5,321
7,019

24,975
5,385
7,056

Government

17,207
2,980
4,001
10,226

17,218
2,973
4,006
10,239

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

Federal
State
Local

1,047
166
854




2,124
2,032

855
718
384

849
716
383

859
381

2,131
2,050
860
720
383

8,013
1,630
52

8,012

8,053

8,080

8,084

1,632

1,654
52
722
1,086
691
1,581
1,071
169

1,662
53
723

1,659
52
723

1,093

1,094
689
1,590
1,075
167

719
1,089
691
1,572

1,070
167
878
145

51
722
1,087
688

1,575
1,069
168
874

719

692
1,583

1,073

386

146

145

169
887
145

80,786

81,089

81,230

81,533

81,763

5,598
3,345
2,253

5,605
3,351
2,254

5,618
3,366
2,252

5,631
3,380
2,251

5,648
3,397
2,251

5,650
3,403
2,247

6,148
3,660
2,488

6,174
3,681
2,493

6,192
3,696
2,496

6,219
3,714
2,505

6,246
3,736
2,510

6,276
3,761
2,515

6,303
3,785
2,518

19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336

19,205
2,549
3,080
2,076
6,352

19,261
2,545
3,097
2,088

19,279
2,539
3,106
2,095
6,377

19,291
2,533
3,110
2,095
6,384

19,327
2,520
3,143
2,103
6,415

19,387
2,518
3,157
2,106
6,440

19,439
2,565
3,173
2,108
6,449

6,650
3,302
2,065
1,283

6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290

6,679
3,304
2,074
1,301

6,684
3,300
2,077
1,307

3,298
2,081
1,310

6,692
3,300
2,083
1,309

6,708
3,308
2,089
1,311

6,724
3,314
2,092
1,318

6,733
3,324
2,096
1,313

25,078
5,405
7,088

25,163
5,420
7,126

25,216
5,443
7,153

25,472
5,480
7,203

25,561
5,500
7,238

25,662
5,512
7,271

25,737
5,538
7,323

25,826
5,553
7,365

25,938
5,560
7,413

26,064
5,606
7,474

17,254
2,972
4,014

17,320
2,970
4,031

17,308
2,963
4,041

10,304

17,330
2,951
4,059
10,320

17,532
2,989
4,086
10,457

17,492
2,989
4,070

10,319

17,379
2,951
4,049
10,379

17,359
2,956
4,070

10,268

17,350
2,957
4,050
10,343

17,560
2,988
4,071
10,501

17,574
2,993
4,084
10,497

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987

96

692

2,156
2,126
2,044

538
585
787
280
1,460
2,159

10,333

882

10,433

889
146

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Industry
Oct.

Total
Total private

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

47,941 48,072 48,240 48,396 48,615 48,772 48,865 48,999 49,306 49,371 49,491 49,658 49,739
39,170 39,295 39,425 39,573 39,767 39,881 39,969 40,075 40,357 40,459 40,549 40,646 40,743
6,963

6,990

7,007

7,022

7,028

7,040

7,058

7,082

7,103

7,125

7,112

96

96

96

96

96

96

97

97

99

97

100

538

542

543

546

549

552

558

566

569

574

578

581

582

6,329

6,352

6,368

6,380

6,383

6,392

6,403

6,419

6,435

6,454

6,434

6,437

6,462

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,038
120
166
115
104
322
458
877
398
304
174

3,045
120
166
115
104
323
460
878
398
306
175

3,056
121
166
116
105
324
463
881
399
306
175

3,059
122
167
116
104
325
466
882
396
306
175

3,062
122
166
116
105
325
467
882
393
308
178

3,067
122
166
116
104
326
469
885
393
308
178

3,077
123
166
117
105
327
471
886
396
308
178

3,085
123
167
118
106
329
473
885
397
309
178

3,096
123
166
117
108
331
476
890
397
311
177

3,112
123
168
119
107
333
480
891
398
313
180

3,107
123
166
118
107
332
482
891
396
314
178

3,106
123
168
117
108
331
483
890
394
314
178

3,114
123
168
117
108
332
485
893
397
315
176

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,291
518
17
353
883
165
654
299

3,307
521
17
354
886
166
658
301

3,312
521
18
354
883
167
660
303

3,321
528
18
353
881
167
664
303

3,321
528
18
353
879
167
666
304

3,325
526
17
352
880
167
669
305

3,326
528
17
350
875
167
672
307

3,334
526
17
351
877
167
673
309

3,339
526
17
351
874
168
677
311

3,342
521
18
351
874
169
679
311

3,331
519
17
347
867
169
683
313

3,348
528
17
347
867
169
687
315

0

0

0

O

0

O

O

0

O

O

3,327
514
18
347
868
169
683
313

0

O

0

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

291
87

293
87

296
86

296
86

298
87

300
86

40,978 41,082 41,233 41,374 41,587 41,732 41,807
1,568
1,762
9,925
4,120

1,572
1,774
9,955
4,126

1,576
1,785

4,131

1,580

1,588

1,599

8,777
1,060
1,937
5,780

8,815
1,062
1,945
5,808

304
86

307
87

86
42,203 42,246
1,625

1,602

1,625

1,610
1,795

1,802

1,813

1,838

1,813

1,848

1,826
10,192 10,198
10,161

4,139

4,139

4,147

4,141

14,832 14,878 14,954 14,981 15,083 15,159 15,225
8,771
1,057
1,935
5,779

303

41,917

9,972 10,056 10,127 10,123 10,130

This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




296
87

8,823
1,060
1,947
5,816

8,848
1,061
1,952
5,835

8,891
1,061
1,960
5,870

4,164

4,167

4,147

15,249
8,896
8,924
1,057
1,054
1,968
1,971
5,871
5,899

15,435 15,496
8,949
1,050
1,978
5,921

8,912
1,050
1,987
5,875

304
85
42,379
1,632
1,854
10,218
4,173
15,560
8,942
1,057
1,990
5,895

7,116

7,142
98

304
86

305
86

42,542 42,597
1,630

1,634

1,864

1,874

10,232 10,232
4,180

4,193

15,624 15,668
9,012
1,067
2,007
5,938

8,996
1,070
2,000
5,926

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry
Dec.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

70,234 70,405 70,787 70,961

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.p

Dec."

71,170 71,260 71,736 71,948 72,063 72,109 72,328 72,587 72,777

17,839 17,909 17,925 18,025 18,085 18,058 18,049 18,124 18,203 18,237

17,743

17,698

17,798

530

524

527

529

533

535

535

535

536

530

527

518

520

3,998

3,949

4,022

4,059

4,096

4,088

4,149

4,168

4,170

4,187

4,185

4,218

4,228

13,215 13,225 13,249 13,251 13,280 13,302 13,341 13,382 13,352 13,332 13,412 13,467 13,489
7,632
633
427
457
591

7,649
632

219

218

1,073
1,262

1,079
1,269

388
280

1,071
1,256
1,242
1,261
648
388
280

1,244
1,276
658
389
280

1,244
1,278
660
391
278

5,650
1,172
41
636
928
521
867
589
108
666
122

5,653
1,168
41
634
930
521
870
592
107
669
121

5,648
1,169
40
632
926
520
871
593
107
670
120

5,653
1,164
39
632
925
521
872
596
108
676
120

7,599

1,283
661
385
277

7,582
629
428
453
583
214
1,068
1,244
1,240
1,273
651
387
277

5,625
1,161
41
636
930
519
858
589
109
661
121

5,643
1,169
42
636
929
520
863
589
109
664
122

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,590

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Jan.

630
427
457
584

213
1,068
1,238

1,241

631
427
454
586

216
1,071
1,250
1,241

1,271
649

7,598
631
426
455
588

217

52,491 52,707 52,989 53,122 53,261

429
455

594

7,676
634
429
457
599
219
1,085
1,273
1,250

1,276
660
394
279
5,665
1,168
40
630
923
523
875
599
108
679
120

53,335 53,711

7,720
630
432
460
605
220
1,091
1,287
1,254
1,284

7,733
632
432
457

218

7,689
626
430
455
603
216

1,087

1,088

1,096

1,289
1,256
1,284
674

1,289
1,254
1,269
664

1,299
1,257

396

282

396
279

279

1,276
672
399
276

5,662
1,153
39
632
922
524
876
600
108
687
121

5,647
1,151
38
622
916
524
879
603
109
685
120

5,643
1,153
37
626
915
520
880
601
109
682
120

5,679
1,174
38
626
916
521
883
603
110
688
120

671
395

7,705
628
428
457

601

609
218

7,768

638
433
460
610
218
1,101
1,311
1,261
1,278

672
399
277
5,699
1,181
40
626
922
522
885
602
110
691
120

7,792
642
434
463
611
218
1,104
1,317

1,259
1,280
671
401
281
5,697
1,175
38
626
924
521
886
603
109
694
121

53,863 54,005 54,060 54,204 54,384 54,540

Transportation and public utilities

4,545

4,560

4,574

4,587

4,600

4,611

4,632

4,648

4,661

4,656

4,672

4,691

4,685

Wholesale trade

4,802

4,825

4,848

4,881

4,902

4,924

4,956

4,975

4,990

5,011

5,030

5,051

5,079

16,671

16,795

16,902

16,897

16,949

16,949

17,028

17,070

17,087

17,078

17,109

17,150

17,173

4,824

4,831

4,827

4,825

4,823

4,828

4,842

4,844

4,851

4,847

4,855

4,865

4,859

Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services

21,649 21,696 21,838 21,932 21,987 22,023 22,253 22,326 22,416 22,468 22,538 22,627 22,744

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

98




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted
Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Over
1 -month
span

1986
1987
1988

57.0
50.8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

49.5
61.1
62.2

50.8
62.4
63.8

51.9
62.4
58.1

46.8
61.6
68.9

51.9
70.8
61.4

54.1
62.2
51.9

51.4
68.1
49.5

53.0
67.3
62.4

Over
3-month
span

1986
1987
1988

50.0
57.6
71.6

47.6
57.0
66.8

45.7
65.1
67.0

46.2
69.2
66.8

46.2
68.1
71.4

46.2
71.9
69.7

48.1
73.8
68.4

51.9
76.8
57.3

50.5
74.1
57.0

Over
6-month
span

1986
1987
1988

48.1
64.6
73.5

47.3
64.3
70.3

43.8
63.0
70.3

42.7
70.3
73.8

43.2
72.4
70.5

47.0
77.3
68.4

46.5
78.4
64.9

Over
12-month
span

1986
1987
1988

42.2
63.8
77.6

41.6
67.3
77.6

43.8
69.5
73.5

44.9
73.5
74.3

48.6
76.8
73.5

46.8
78.9

Time
span

1

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Beginning with the publication




P

45.7
76.8
76.2

P

P

50.0
79.7
72.4
48.6
78.9

p

P

55.9
76.5
66.2

Nov.

p

P

58.9
67.8
71.1

Dec.

P

58.9
68.4
63.2

59.7
78.1
74.3

59.2
73.0

55.9
82.7
71.1

53.2
77.8

55.9
77.0

58.4
76.5

51.6
79.7

53.8
78.4

56.5
77.8

57.8
81.9

of January 1989 data, a broader-based diffusion index covering
349 private nonagricultural industries will replace the 185-industry
index shown in this table. A new manufacturing index, comprised of
143 industries, will also be published. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1987 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructor

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

1,524.0
397.1
125.7
160.8
126.5
59.1

1,538.6
408.5
130.4
161.8
126.6
61.1

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

1,545.7
409.9
130.5
163.4
127.1
61.5

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988?

11.7

11.6

11.6

5.7
.1
.5
.2
2.5

5.6
.1

5.6
.1
.6
.2
2.5

.5
.2
2.5

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988 P

74.5
24.5

75.2
27.5

74.2
27.2

5.7
9.5
8.0
3.0

5.9
9.0
7.5
3.2

5.9
9.1

7.5
3.2

206.5

212.3

207.4

8.4

9.0

8.8

10.1

10.0

8.1

1,417.2
933.3
250.0

1,421.7
932.6
251.0

1,429.0
937.8
251.9

11.7

12.1

12.0

.6
1.6

.7
1.8

.7
1.8

99.1
66.3
19.4

95.8
64.0
18.5

94.5
63.4
18.2

851.4
49.2
77.7
233.3
32.7

872.0
51.2
76.7
241.0
33.1

872.1
51.3
76.5
241.5
33.1

4.2

34.2

35.5

34.3

2.0
2.9

1.9

1.9
2.8

11,906.4
1,106.7
160.1
206.7
4,084.9
108.1
826.1
208.5
624.2
566.8
883.3
948.4
794.3
147.8
127.9
142.8
127.5

12,264.1
1,124.7
158.9
212.8
4,146.3
111.7
847.7
213.4
643.5
588.2
920.8
959.5
806.9
149.2
131.8
149.1
131.8

12,327.2
1,131.0
159.1
212.4
4,167.4
111.1
853.5
214.6
648.2
591.4
926.5
966.4
807.8
150.7
131.8
147.4
132.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,407.4
106.9
798.2

1,404.3
107.4
793.9

1,410.8
107.6
795.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,665.3
202.3
485.2
255.3
128.7
88.3

1,681.8
203.6
492.8
260.7
129.4
90.2

1,696.0
204.2
495.5
262.4
130.1
90.6

327.9
280.0

336.0
287.1

336.8
288.4

.1

.2

.1
.1

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

659.4
2,108.1

676.4
2,174.8

679.3
2,189.5

.1
1.3

.1
1.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

4,980.7
113.1
474.7
110.6
403.5
146.3
834.9
484.5
126.2
106.5
110.9
810.8
338.8

5,113.8
116.2
487.6
116.6
420.8
154.0
842.6
503.9
127.2
109.1
114.4
824.8
352.2

5,174.4
116.7
493.6
118.5
424.2
155.1
849.3
507.8
127.6
110.3
115.0
831.7
361.5

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

100




4.2

4.0

0

(1)

0
1.0
.4

.9
.4

0)

(1)

41.0

(1)

40.4

40.2

1.6

1.3

1.3

13.0

13.0

.6

.5
9.4

12.8
.5
9.3
1
()

9.5
(1)

O
3.2
2.6
1.2

3.3

.1
.3

2.6
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3

21.0

20.8

.9
.8

.9
.2
1.3

.7

3.4
2.6
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.3
.8
.1
.3

20.9

11.2

2.9
12.2

1.5

1.6

1.5

605.8
63.3

666.8
66.6

663.4
66.9

11.7

9.1

8.6

8.4

12.0
153.7

13.2
160.7

12.8
161.5

7.5

6.8

6.6

49.5
13.2
52.1
35.2
57.6
36.4
32.8
6.7

52.8
13.9
58.4
38.9
63.2
37.7
33.5
7.0

51.6
13.9
57.8
37.9
63.0
37.7
32.9

8.7
8.3
9.3

9.4
8.4

7.0
9.0
8.1

10.6

10.4

67.4

60.8

59.1

.3

.3

.3

3.6

3.1

3.0

13.9

13.3

13.2

37.4

34.1

33.0

1.7

79.7

81.5

80.8

9.4

9.9

9.8

.3
.4

21.1
13.6
5.7

22.3
14.6

22.3
14.6
5.9

1.7

1.6

0

(1)

.3
.3
.5

(1)

9.0

.4

.4
.5
(1)

.9
1

()

.6

.3

22.2
17.7

.1
1.3

16.0
132.3

15.1
138.9

15.1
139.5

9.0

348.0

357.5

357.0

8.5

8.8

8.8

35.8
12.3
27.5

35.8
13.5
28.6

35.8
13.6
28.5

.4

.9

0

.6
()

22.7
18.0

.3

(1)
(1)

O
(1)
1

21.0
17.5

.5

.9

.3

.1
.1

(1)

1

()

5.8
5.1

0

()
.5

()

O

1

(1)

4.6

(1)

0

O

.5

.5

8.7

O
(1)

(1)
.4
.4

(1)

(1)

1

1.0
.4

.6
1

()

5.1

8.3

8.5

8.4

41.4
34.4

41.0
36.6

40.8
36.7

9.5

9.0

9.0

10.8

10.6

10.5

6.0

6.1

6.1

59.7
29.6

59.4
30.2

59.5
30.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilitie 3

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Tuscaloosa

373.4
54.9
31.6
26.2
19.2
9.5

Oct.
1988
375.9
56.9
33.0
25.4
19.3
10.0

Nov.
1988P
377.3
57.1
33.0
26.1
19.4
9.9

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

72.3
27.7

72.7
28.0

73.0
27.9

2.9
9.0
5.0
1.9

2.9
9.1
5.0
1.9

2.9
9.2
5.0
1.9

Nov.
1987
340.0
100.3
23.9
44.0
28.6
12.4

Oct.
1988
343.5
102.1
24.5
44.0
29.3
12.6

Nov.
1988P
347.1
103.2
24.7
44.5
29.2
12.8

11.8

13.3

12.2

17.1

18.0

17.4

41.7

42.0

41.7

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

188.1
136.8
30.9

189.5
138.5
30.1

188.5
137.9
29.7

74.1
50.9
9.7

73.0
50.5

73.4
50.7

9.3

9.4

347.1
235.0
57.0

347.5
233.8
57.7

353.5
238.2
58.6

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

224.4
12.2
27.1
33.0

230.1
12.6
26.1
34.8

230.1
12.6
26.0
35.0

52.7

52.7

4.5
3.9

5.2
4.1

52.5
5.2

16.8

196.7
11.7
15.6
58.0

6.4

6.4

2.6

17.2
2.5

196.0
11.7
15.5
57.4

6.4

17.2
2.5

192.5
11.1
15.7
56.1
6.8

7.0

7.0

2,127.5
252.0
11.2
22.8
916.2
23.4
104.7
30.0
83.7
41.2
123.5
81.0
261.9
22.2
18.7
22.4
11.9

2,163.8
258.2
11.0
24.5
912.7
26.0
106.5
30.7
85.4
43.3
124.8
80.5
269.0
22.2
19.1
24.1
12.4

2,165.3
258.6
11.2
23.9
917.1
25.6
107.0
30.6
85.4
43.1
125.5
81.4
269.2
22.2
19.0
23.7
12.3

589.0
34.5

590.3
34.3

591.1
34.4

7.9

8.2

8.2

11.4
209.2

11.5
211.6

11.6
212.2

2,840.1
280.4
38.6
54.0
937.6
28.2
206.6
51.7
158.4
140.7
214.2
217.3
156.0
36.0
33.6
34.0
30.6

2,923.0
282.2
38.2
53.2
942.6
29.2
207.0
52.7
161.3
142.7
223.3
217.2
154.7
36.1
34.6
35.5
32.1

2,959.7
287.8
38.7
53.2
951.4
29.2
211.9
53.7
163.1
145.1
227.1
220.8
156.3
36.7
35.0
35.0
32.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

186.0
28.8
95.0

188.9
29.0
95.6

189.5
28.9
95.7

84.6
2.3

2.3

2.3

61.7

60.0

59.8

351.0
23.4
201.9

351.0
23.4
199.0

353.3
23.8
200.3

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

383.1
58.7
93.7
47.0
23.8
23.8

373.3
56.9
93.8
45.9
23.3
23.8

378.0
56.9
93.9
46.1
23.3
23.8

74.0

74.0

74.6

389.2
47.1
104.6
61.2
31.1
18.3

396.0
47.7
106.5
62.0
31.7
18.6

Delaware
Wilmington

70.0
59.9

69.3
57.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.4
87.5
538.4
11.9
46.2

Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral

Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola

Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

4.1

4.5

4.3

4.3

56.3
10.1
31.6
25.9
34.1
77.1
22.1

57.8
10.0
31.8
26.7
34.1
76.5
22.0

58.0
31.9
26.8
34.4
76.9
21.9

5.1
6.4
8.3
4.6

5.1
6.2
9.3
4.7

5.2
6.2
8.9
4.6

83.0

82.9

9.9

9.2

9.6

9.7

18.0
18.3

18.4
18.5

18.6
18.6

5.2
3.2

5.4
3.1

5.4
3.1

379.1
47.7
104.1
59.6
31.6
18.3

69.8
58.4

13.9
15.0

14.4
15.5

14.3
15.4

73.4
59.7

72.3
60.6

73.2
61.5

16.5
87.3

16.5
87.6

24.5
103.0

24.8
109.0

24.8
109.7

64.9
426.5

66.7
431.5

67.2
438.4

538.8
11.9
46.9

542.6
11.9
47.1

260.9

262.8

264.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

22.8

23.4

23.7

1,355.9
33.4
141.8
32.7
109.4
34.7
224.6
127.8
32.8
31.7
23.2
225.4
91.5

1,391.3
34.3
144.6
34.1
112.8
35.4
225.3
132.5
33.5
31.8
23.7
228.0
96.7

1,425.7
34.9
147.0
35.0
114.5
35.7
228.9
134.8
33.6
32.9
23.9
231.1
100.5

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.0

5.1

5.3

39.1
28.4
95.7
54.5
11.5

40.5
30.3
96.1
55.0
11.5

40.8
30.4
96.4
55.1
11.5

28.1

28.7

28.9

5.9

6.0

6.0

68.6
25.1

67.9
25.9

68.3
26.2

9.0
4.7

8.7
4.8

8.6
4.8

5.9
3.6
3.1

6.2
3.5
3.1

6.2
3.5
3.1

93.1
37.1

95.1
35.4

95.7
36.0

38.8
11.9

39.4
12.6

39.5
12.6

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.0
29.2
3.6
8.0
7.6
2.1

Oct.
1988
70.9
29.4
3.8
8.0
7.7
2.2

Nov.
1988P
70.9
29.4
3.8
7.9
7.7
2.2

Nov.
1987
278.7
93.1
28.0
35.5
26.1
8.3

Oct.
1988
285.7
96.6
30.4
37.3
26.1
8.6

Nov.
1988p
286.7
96.8
30.2
37.3
26.2
8.6

Nov.
1987
303.4
61.7
29.9
28.1
31.8
19.4

Oct.
1988
303.1
62.4
29.8
28.5
31.5
20.1

Nov.
1988P
304.9
62.7
29.9
28.7
31.9
20.4

Alaska

10.8

10.6

10.6

40.5

41.7

41.1

66.1

67.7

67.5

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

95.4
75.6
12.6

91.4
72.7
12.1

90.9
72.2
12.1

351.8
236.8
66.4

358.1
241.0
67.5

358.3
241.1
67.4

249.9
131.3
52.4

254.3
131.4
54.0

257.9
133.6
54.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.5
1.5
2.6
15.8
1.5

38.0
1.4
2.6
16.3
1.5

37.9
1.5
2.6
16.2
1.5

155.4
7.3
16.9
53.4
6.2

162.0
7.5
16.6
56.0
6.3

161.6
7.5
16.5
56.1
6.4

150.7
10.6
7.7
46.6
7.7

153.5
10.9
7.9
46.7
7.8

154.8
10.9
7.9
46.9
7.8

813.3
91.0
6.2
13.3
288.7
4.6
54.8
10.3
26.8
33.8
61.2
112.8
34.6
8.7
8.4
8.6
4.5

826.7
90.3
6.2
12.6
296.0
4.6
56.2
11.0
28.1
35.3
63.1
113.6
34.8
8.7
8.7
8.4
4.5

828.3
89.3
6.2
12.7
296.9
4.6
55.9
11.0
28.3
35.4
63.2
113.9
34.8
8.7
8.8
8.4
4.5

2,946.9
266.2
32.7
47.7
1,063.9
21.6
189.2
49.5
146.2
121.0
232.2
286.4
199.4
39.9
28.7
30.1
28.8

3,055.1
272.8
32.3
50.6
1,092.8
22.5
197.1
51.7
150.3
128.2
244.7
296.3
205.6
40.8
29.5
30.8
29.6

3,061.7
271.7
31.8
50.7
1,095.5
22.3
197.1
51.4
152.2
128.4
245.3
296.4
205.1
41.0
29.6
30.7
29.6

1,942.8
117.7
41.4
44.9
506.1
18.3
161.8
41.1
124.2
168.1
159.7
136.5
87.3
27.9
22.7
31.0
37.5

1,998.0
119.0
41.4
46.7
520.5
18.3
167.0
40.8
126.9
172.4
166.8
136.8
87.1
28.0
23.5
32.5
37.6

2,017.5
121.0
41.8
47.0
523.5
18.5
168.6
41.5
128.2
174.0
167.2
138.4
87.5
28.6
23.4
32.5
38.0

97.5
4.1
66.5

96.0
4.0
65.5

96.1
4.0
65.5

328.7
21.6
194.1

331.4
22.1
198.2

334.4
22.2
197.7

271.2
22.8
127.7

272.4
23.2
128.2

274.6
23.1
130.2

150.3
12.0
78.1
15.4
13.3
4.5

151.9
12.6
80.0
15.8
13.8
4.5

151.7
12.6
80.0
16.0
13.8
4.5

390.1
45.2
108.1
69.0
37.7
21.0

403.5
47.0
111.5
72.2
38.7
22.2

403.0
46.8
111.4
72.3
38.6
22.1

207.4
20.1
61.8
32.1
10.9
12.9

206.7
20.5
61.8
32.1
10.8
13.2

210.2
20.7
62.5
32.4
10.9
13.4

26.9
24.0

29.3
26.0

29.8
26.3

75.0
65.9

80.8
70.7

80.2
70.5

47.6
37.8

47.1
38.3

47.2
38.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

37.3
126.0

37.7
130.4

37.8
130.7

235.8
671.7

247.5
706.8

248.6
709.0

264.4
559.9

268.1
569.8

269.3
573.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

366.2
6.6
40.3
8.3
38.0
5.5
67.8
34.1
5.7
8.6
5.0
66.3
29.1

370.9
6.7
41.6
8.2
39.7
5.8
68.7
36.3
5.7
8.7
5.0
67.1
28.6

371.5
6.6
41.6
8.3
39.9
5.9
68.9
36.5
5.8
8.6
5.0
67.3
29.1

1,336.1
30.6
128.0
30.9
102.6
42.1
224.7
152.2
30.8
30.5
22.3
222.5
98.9

1,400.8
31.4
131.9
33.4
110.4
45.8
229.4
158.6
31.6
32.8
23.0
229.0
105.3

1,414.2
31.1
134.1
33.7
111.1
46.3
230.1
159.2
31.7
33.2
23.1
230.9
108.6

766.5
18.6
59.4
15.8
58.3
21.3
111.2
56.2
29.7
12.3
46.3
104.4
40.6

782.7
19.6
63.0
16.6
59.6
22.1
113.3
58.9
29.4
13.0
48.4
106.2
43.3

789.8
19.9
63.9
16.8
60.0
22.3
115.0
59.2
29.5
13.0
48.7
107.1
43.7

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto

Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

102




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

(Construction

State and area

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

2,803.0
63.8
1,385.5
158.4
93.6
119.7
103.9

2,813.8
64.6
1,398.3
157.7
92.2
119.4
102.1

2,822.0
64.7
1,402.8
158.3
92.1
119.8
102.4

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1987
8.4
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988?
8.5
.2
1.3
.5
.1
.1

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

(1)

O

(1)

156.0
2.4
73.6
9.8
5.3
4.9
7.2

1

0)
(1)

(1)
(1)

20.5
16.1

21.0
16.6

21.3
16.9

3.4

14.0
4.6

16.3
4.8

15.6
4.7

23.4

203.9
6.8
1.8
2.5
127.1
4.7
2.0
5.6
9.4
5.3
4.9
3.4

224.2
7.4
1.8
2.5
136.4
4.7
1.9
5.6
10.5
5.6
4.7
3.4

219.4
7.4
1.8
2.5
133.8
4.7
1.9
5.6
10.4
5.6
4.7
3.4

106.9
1.5
2.2
2.9
7.4
10.2
12.3
32.1
3.0
2.1
5.4
2.1

121.2
1.5
2.7
3.0
7.6
11.6
14.8
34.9
3.7
2.3
6.1
2.6

118.3
1.5
2.6
3.0
7.4
11.4
15.0
34.9
3.6
2.2
6.3
2.6

2.3
.1

37.2
3.3
8.7
1.4
2.0
1.8

39.9
3.6
8.4
1.4
1.9
2.3

38.0
3.4
8.2
1.3
1.9
2.2

10.9

43.0
3.3
10.2

42.3
3.1
10.0

8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

143.6
2.3
69.9
9.9
5.1
4.9
6.5

143.4
2.2
69.3
10.1
5.1
4.8
6.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

468.1
373.7

469.8
373.2

474.0
377.3

()
(1)

Idaho
Boise City

341.9
88.0

357.0
93.0

355.3
92.3

(2)

(2)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,965.1
138.4
57.0
86.9
3,063.1
156.0
50.5
97.9
189.9
134.2
125.0
98.6

5,077.1
143.0
58.5
87.7
3,126.8
155.5
50.7
98.0
198.9
138.0
127.4
99.3

5,117.0
144.1
58.5
87.9
3,146.4
156.3
50.9
98.3
200.7
138.2
127.3
99.6

24.0
(1)
1
()

23.5
(1)

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,361.3
48.9
53.4
99.8
127.5
190.2
225.2
616.3
66.0
51.8
114.8
54.4

2,445.6
49.3
57.0
104.8
131.1
199.3
233.6
638.9
67.7
53.4
116.9
55.1

2,449.8
49.5
56.8
104.4
131.7
200.2
234.7
641.1
67.6
53.6
117.7
55.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,137.5
89.2
213.2
43.7
52.2
63.0

1,163.6
92.5
221.4
44.5
53.8
64.5

1,166.7
92.9
222.3
44.4
54.3
65.1

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,020.4
86.5
230.9

1,031.4
88.2
235.5

1,040.1
89.4
236.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

45.3
3.7
10.0

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,341.6
176.7
446.9
34.1

1,372.4
181.3
460.2
34.6

1,373.0
181.0
460.9
34.7

38.5
.6
.5
.8

35.3
.5
.4
.7

34.8
.5
.3
.6

62.5
10.1
24.6
2.2

65.8
9.4
25.8
2.1

64.9
9.2
25.6
2.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,503.6
46.3
214.5
52.7
82.6
54.4
511.2
134.2

1,513.3
46.1
216.2
53.7
84.0
54.2
518.1
132.5

1,514.8
46.2
216.5
53.8
84.8
54.7
519.3
132.2

55.1
.2
.8
5.8
10.4
.4
14.5
3.2

54.5
.2
.8
5.8
10.5
.3
15.3
2.9

54.4
.2
.8
5.8
10.8
.4
15.5
2.9

80.2
2.4
20.3
1.4
3.3
2.6
21.8
7.5

83.9
2.4
21.1
1.8
3.4
2.5
25.2
7.7

81.4
2,2
21.1
1.8
3.6
2.5
24.4
7.7

515.1
40.0
127.0

533.1
41.6
130.8

533.8
41.5
131.6

.1

32.6
2.3
9.8

36.9
2.4
9.8

36.1
2.4
9.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

3.4

2.6

O

2.6

(1)

01
()

2.5

0)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
8.8

(2)
(2)
(2)
2.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.8

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3

1

()
(1)
(1)

()
(1)

()
(1)

01
()

0
11.1

12.1

0

.3

2.3
.1
1

01
()

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

.3

2.4
.2
1

2.1

2.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

0

2.4

8.1

8.3
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

01
()
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

0)
(11)
(1)
()
0
0

(1)

.1

0)
(1)

(2)

.1
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1987

575.7
15.7

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

565.2
15.5
181.7
36.7
20.3
18.3
16.7

563.4
15.6

177.0
1.8

189.1
36.5
20.3
18.6
17.3

181.2
36.8
20.0
18.0
16.8

117.3
5.2
3.6
4.9
9.6

179.3
1.7
121.2
5.1
3.5
4.9
9.0

179.5
1.7
121.2
5.1
3.5
4.9
8.9

700.7
13.1
383.1
34.5
20.9
27.1
25.2

706.3
13.2
384.9
33.3
20.0
27.0
25.3

713.6
13.3
388.9
33.5
20.2
27.2
25.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.2
16.5

22.0
16.2

22.0
16.2

37.1
30.6

36.7
30.5

37.0
30.8

125.8
99.1

124.7
97.8

125.8
98.8

Idaho
Boise City

56.3
11.5

59.8
12.8

59.5
12.8

18.1
5.2

19.2
5.3

18.9
5.2

86.3
23.0

88.3
24.4

88.7
24.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ..
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Molint
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

936.4
36.6
5.2
7.7
553.9
33.0

948.7

950.3
37.5
6.3
8.4
555.3
32.6

302.0
3.1
2.6
2.3
195.6
8.2
4.9
8.4
6.9
6.8
4.3
4.9

304.0
3.1
2.6
2.3

303.8
3.2
2.6
2.3
196.8
8.2
4.8
8.3
7.4
6.7
4.4
5.0

1,244.5
38.9
12.8
19.3
775.1
42.6
11.9
23.1
51.7
33.2
29.1
22.2

1,279.6
39.8
12.8
19.3
785.4
42.5
11.7
22.8
54.1
33.2
29.0
22.1

1,288.6
40.5
12.8
19.4
791.8
42.6
11.8
23.1
55.0
33.3
28.9
22.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

626.2
17.0
9.1
53.7
30.8
51.1
56.2

122.1

131.5

1.5
1.7

1.6
1.8
2.9
6.8
12.9

131.5
1.6
1.8

562.6
11.4
12.0
18.6
33.8
47.4
53.2
161.0
13.2
13.0
30.6
14.7

576.9
11.5
12.6
19.0
35.0
49.0
55.2
166.2
13.3
13.2
31.3
15.3

584.4
11.7
12.6
19.1
35.6
50.2
55.6
168.2
13.2
13.2
31.7
15.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

12.9
19.7
42.7

32.1
42.1
3.8

37.6
6.3
8.2

556.0
32.4
13.1
19.9

44.1
34.8
44.8
3.9

13.2

19.9
44.0
34.9
44.5
3.9

196.8
8.2
4.8
8.3
7.4
6.7
4.4
5.0

640.2
16.8
10.1
57.0
31.0
52.9
57.2
106.2

640.6
16.7
10.2
56.6
31.2
53.0
57.3
106.1

12.6

12.6

10.8
23.2

11.0
23.3

9.9

9.9

2.8
6.6
12.2
14.9
37.4
2.0
2.5
5.0
2.8

220.3
23.3
25.2
12.8
10.3
14.2

228.3
24.2
26.5
13.1
11.0
15.5

228.7
24.4
26.1
13.2
11.1
15.8

53.7
6.0
12.3
1.7
3.1
1.7

55.3
6.7
12.6
1.9
3.2
1.8

55.1
6.6
12.6
1.8
3.3
1.8

288.3
21.6
56.2
9.9
13.6
15.1

294.4
22.1
58.9
10.0
14.2
15.4

297.4
22.6
59.9
10.1
14.2
15.6

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

178.1
8.4
60.8

181.5

181.8

8.3

8.6

61.3

61.7

61.7
6.6
10.8

61.6
6.3
10.5

61.7
6.3
10.7

257.8
19.9
53.1

259.4
20.7
54.3

260.7
20.8
54.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

263.0
28.1

273.5
30.1
87.5
6.1

275.2
30.3
88.0
6.3

67.9
7.8
29.2
2.1

67.8
8.0
30.8
2.1

67.4
8.2
30.9
2.1

325.7
42.4
112.6
8.8

335.1
45.4
116.6
8.8

337.7
45.4
117.3

105.6
2.2
10.4
6.2
5.9
2.6

105.6
2.2
10.3
6.2
5.9
2.7

44.5
8.0

44.7
8.0

367.5
11.2
51.7
13.6
22.3
14.8
135.2
32.7

368.0
11.1
52.7
13.5
23.2
14.1
132.9
31.8

371.0
11.3
53.1
13.6
23.6
14.2
134.2
32.0

21.7
1.4
5.6

21.5
1.4
5.5

128.8
9.8
37.2

131.2
10.6
39.0

131.7
10.7
39.9

107.5
12.0
10.3
24.3
10.3

85.9
5.9

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

167.9
3.4

171.4
3.3

171.5
3.3

18.7
4.6
6.1
7.0
42.5

18.8
4.6
6.1
7.3
43.0

19.0
4.5
6.1
7.3
43.1

17.5

17.3

17.0

104.4
2.2
10.2
5.7
5.6
2.7
43.4
8.3

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

105.2
10.5
16.2

109.3
10.3
16.9

109.8
10.1
17.2

20.6
1.4
6.0

See footnotes at end of table.

104




15.3

2.9
6.7
12.9
15.3

38.5
2.0
2.5
5.3

38.6
2.0
2.5
5.3

2.9

9.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

156.4
1.9
99.0
6.2
6.3
7.6
4.4

158.1
1.9
100.4
6.0
6.0
7.8
4.3

158.2
2.0
100.7
6.1
6.0
7.9
4.2

545.6
9.6
324.5
32.3
16.3
22.9
23.9

560.5
10.2
334.4
32.5
16.7
22.6
24.0

559.9
10.1
334.4
32.5
16.7
22.6
24.2

483.1
19.1
197.6
33.4
20.8
33.6
16.3

492.4
19.6
204.4
33.7
20.6
33.9
16.4

495.4
19.6
205.7
33.7
20.6
34.4
16.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.3
28.7

34.5
28.9

34.6
29.0

129.8
99.8

132.8
101.1

132.8
101.2

98.4
82.9

98.1
82.1

100.5
84.4

Idaho
Boise City

19.1
7.4

19.4
7.7

19.5
7.8

69.3
19.1

72.0
20.1

71.6
19.7

76.2
17.2

78.6
17.9

78.1
17.7

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

359.1
6.4
9.4
3.3
258.8
8.1
2.7
3.8
6.8
7.0
5.4
7.9

363.7
6.6
9.6
3.4
264.5
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.8
7.0
5.3
8.0

363.0
6.6
9.6
3.4
264.1
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.9
7.0
5.4
8.0

1,163.4
30.9
11.7
16.2
791.5
31.4
10.5
20.0
41.0
33.6
26.7
24.0

1,204.0
32.9
12.0
16.5
820.2
31.7
10.7
20.0
43.6
34.2
26.9
23.8

1,204.4
33.3
12.0
16.3
819.7
31.7
10.7
20.1
43.1
34.2
27.0
23.9

731.8
15.6
13.5
35.6
358.5
28.0
5.6
17.0
30.8
16.2
12.5
32.3

729.4
15.5
13.4
35.5
365.0
27.8
5.8
17.3
31.8
16.5
12.3
33.0

764.1
15.5
13.4
35.6
382.5
28.3
5.8
17.2
33.3
16.5
12.4
33.2

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

116.3
1.6
1.8
2.6
5.2
12.2
8.4
46.3
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.0

120.2
1.7
1.9
2.7
5.4
12.1
8.5
48.8
3.2
1.7
6.4
2.1

120.4
1.7
2.0
2.8
5.4
12.1
8.5
48.8
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.1

460.0
9.9
8.1
13.4
29.2
39.1
48.2
139.2
11.5
10.6
31.5
11.2

480.9
10.0
8.6
14.2
30.7
41.8
50.6
148.4
11.5
11.0
33.1
11.0

478.5
10.0
8.6
14.1
30.7
41.7
50.7
148.1
11.4
10.9
33.0
11.0

358.4
5.9
18.5
5.9
12.2
18.1
32.0
92.0
21.3
11.7
11.7
11.0

366.4
6.2
19.1
6.0
12.6
19.0
32.1
95.0
21.4
11.9
11.5
11.1

367.8
6.3
19.1
6.0
12.7
19.0
32.2
95.6
21.5
12.1
11.6
11.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

65.2
4.8
27.8
1.4
2.7
2.9

67.2
4.9
30.2
1.5
2.6
2.7

67.3
4.8
30.2
1.5
2.6
2.7

250.5
19.4
53.0
12.6
14.1
14.3

256.8
20.5
54.7
12.9
14.4
14.2

256.9
20.5
55.0
12.9
14.6
14.1

219.9
10.6
29.8
3.8
6.4
12.9

219.4
10.4
29.9
3.6
6.5
12.5

221.0
10.5
30.1
3.5
6.6
12.8

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

56.4
6.3
11.4

57.1
6.6
11.4

57.2
6.7
11.3

203.6
20.7
54.7

211.8
21.3
57.4

212.0
21.3
57.6

205.4
20.8
27.6

205.9
21.6
28.0

213.5
22.5
28.5

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

60.9
9.3
28.9
1.4

61.2
9.4
29.3
1.5

61.0
9.5
29.1
1.5

277.9
42.2
103.4
7.7

290.0
41.9
107.7
8.1

288.2
41.3
107.6
7.9

245.2
36.2
61.8
5.2

243.7
36.6
62.1
5.2

243.8
36.6
62.1
5.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

84.3
2.6
13.5
2.3
3.8
4.6
34.1
7.2

84.0
2.6
13.6
2.1
3.5
4.5
33.5
6.9

84.0
2.6
13.5
2.1
3.5
4.5
33.3
6.9

328.2
11.3
43.6
8.6
18.2
11.6
134.6
32.5

333.6
11.7
44.0
9.1
18.5
11.8
137.9
32.8

334.0
11.7
43.9
9.2
18.4
11.8
138.0
32.3

316.0
13.0
55.7
10.7
12.9
10.7
85.1
25.3

312.3
12.6
54.8
10.6
12.9
11.1
85.8
25.1

312.9
12.7
54.8
10.6
12.9
11.3
86.1
25.4

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

24.9
2.2
12.6

25.6
2.4
12.7

25.4
2.3
12.7

109.1
10.0
29.0

114.3
10.4
30.5

112.5
10.5
30.3

93.8
3.8
16.2

94.0
4.1
16.3

96.7
4.1
16.7

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructior

Mining

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988*

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,045.9
1,098.8
460.7
724.7

2,072.4
1,101.2
462.3
737.3

2,079.9
1,107.3
463.6
741.5

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,092.2
1,747.7
73.7
56.5
40.3
163.2
107.0
67.8
242.3
204.0

3,152.0
1,764.9
75.4
57.5
40.6
164.7
107.7
69.2
243.3
210.6

3,165.8
1,775.1
76.0
57.9
40.9
164.8
108.4
69.8
244.3
212.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,777.5
171.5
57.7
64.9
1,877.0
172.4
320.7
107.4
208.3
56.8
157.8

3,809.0
176.2
59.3
66.2
1,891.3
168.5
331.6
109.5
212.9
57.9
161.6

3,848.3
176.1
59.5
66.2
1,915.5
169.7
332.3
110.2
212.0
57.6
162.3

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,004.6
90.9
1,310.5
57.9
72.0

2,067.6
91.5
1,334.1
60.0
74.1

2,066.8
91.7
1,334.9
60.4
74.3

883.9
180.0

895.7
183.4

897.3
184.1

6.3
1.1

2,219.3
739.6
1,137.7
110.7

2,242.6
742.0
1,148.3
115.3

2,246.2
743.2
1,152.5
114.8

Montana

277.1

280.3

277.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

670.3
112.8
302.4

675.9
114.5
309.6

681.2
115.9
311.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

512.1
293.5
135.8

544.0
309.8
141.6

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

522.6
95.2
111.0

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,649.6
157.9
682.3
433.6
247.0
526.8
322.9
969.0
198.8

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

106




Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988"

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

153.7
73.8
19.6
63.3

158.0
76.0
20.3
64.4

156.4
76.3
20.5
64.2

145.5
72.7
4.0
2.6
2.7
8.3
5.8
3.3
10.3
9.9

161.9
78.1
4.5
3.0
3.0
8.6
6.6
3.8
11.2
11.1

160.2
77.0
4.4
3.0
3.0
8.4
6.6
3.8
11.2
10.9

130.5
5.6
2.1
1.4
63.2
4.3
14.8
3.3
5.3
2.2
7.0

145.9
7.2
2.4
1.6
69.1
4.8
16.3
3.5
6.4
2.3
7.3

141.5
6.9
2.3
1.5
67.0
4.5
16.1
3.5
6.4
2.2
7.4

7.2
4.6

87.5
4.7
56.4
2.0
4.5

87.8
3.8
59.1
2.1
4.1

82.8
3.7
56.9
2.0
4.0

6.2
1.1

6.1
1.1

35.0
8.7

34.4
8.7

34.1
8.6

5.6
.5
3.5
.1

5.6
.5
3.5
.1

5.5
.5
3.5
.1

103.2
37.7
57.9
5.4

105.2
38.6
58.0
6.1

101.9
37.8
55.4
5.9

5.7

6.2

6.0

9.5

10.1

9.6

1.6
.2

24.7
4.3
12.4

25.2
4.3
12.7

24.8
4.3
12.6

(1)

(1)

.7

,7

1.9
1.0

2.0
1.2

1

(1)
(1)
(1)

()

.1
.2

.1
.1

0

10.2

10.0

O
(11)
()

O
(11)
()

.1

.1

.2
1

.7
2.0
1.2

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)

0

O

1

1

()
(1)
(1)

1.9
.3

1.9
.3

1.9
.3

.8

.8

.1
.2
10.2

0)
(11)
()
.9

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

0

0

0

o

9
(1)

9

(1)

o

(1)

7.4
4.7

6.7
4.4

0
/2\

0
/2\

O

(2\

/2\

(2)

1.6

1.7
(1)

(1)

0

.2

.2

546.5
313.3
141.2

8.8
.3
1.0

11.0
.3
1.2

11.1
.3
1.1

30.4
18.4
7.2

35.9
21.4
8.9

35.6
21.4
8.7

547.6
96.1
117.4

547.3
96.7
116.2

.7
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

38.9
5.5
6.3

41.3
5.6
6.5

40.1
5.7
5.9

3,718.0
167.8
695.0
446.4
250.6
543.7
336.1
981.0
201.7

3,726.8
165.3
698.5
448.8
251.4
546.4
335.3
984.6
202.5

2.5

179.9
10.8
33.0
26.8
7.8
24.0
21.9
41.0
5.5

192.9
10.6
34.1
29.7
8.6
25.8
25.6
45.2
6.0

191.2
10.9
34.0
29.5
8.6
25.9
25.4
45.0
5.8

2.5

2.4
(1)
.1
.1
1

()
.6

0)
O

O
O

.2
.1
.7

0)
0

.7

.7
(1)

.7

(1)

(1)
.7

.2
.1

0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

207.1
131.9
44.8
35.4

207.0
130.8
44.4
35.9

207.3
130.6
44.4
35.7

94.0
53.9
28.2
28.0

95.0
53.3
27.8
28.3

95.3
53.2
27.6
28.4

527.7
273.1
98.8
196.8

526.9
271.1
98.2
195.9

532.6
274.2
98.6
199.1

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

595.9
281.6
11.5
17.1
11.6
50.7
36.0
19.2
51.6
46.7

579.0
273.0
11.5
15.9
11.5
49.4
35.3
18.6
51.4
46.1

579.8
272.9
11.8
15.9
11.7
49.1
35.5
18.5
51.2
46.4

131.9
76.0
5.2
1.7
1.6
7.1
3.8
2.9
9.7
8.8

132.6
76.2
5.3
2.0
1.7
6.7
3.4
3.1
10.1
8.6

133.3
76.6
5.3
2.0
1.7
6.7
3.4
3.2
10.1
8.7

730.3
393.6
22.6
15.1
10.2
36.9
22.7
16.6
57.7
48.6

734.4
388.5
23.3
15.9
10.4
38.3
22.9
17.0
58.2
48.7

742.2
394.0
23.8
16.2
10.5
38.7
23.1
17.3
59.0
49.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

962.1
39.5
15.0
21.6
463.7
53.5
97.4
30.0
34.7
17.4
44.1

943.1
38.9
15.4
21.0
454.1
48.8
99.6
30.3
33.2
17.3
44.7

948.0
38.6
15.4
21.2
458.3
49.0
99.6
30.4
32.7
17.2
44.7

150.1
4.2
1.8
2.3
85.6
4.5
11.2
3.3
5.8
2.3
6.8

152.9
4.4
1.8
2.4
86.5
4.7
11.2
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.0

153.5
4.3
1.8
2.4
86.6
4.7
11.2
3.5
5.5
2.4
7.1

880.5
30.0
11.7
13.5
449.9
46.2
83.5
24.2
43.0
12.6
38.1

886.7
31.4
12.4
14.1
450.2
47.2
86.8
24.8
44.5
12.9
37.9

892.4
31.9
12.7
14.1
453.8
48.2
87.9
25.2
45.1
13.0
38.3

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

378.4
7.7
256.6
10.9
11.9

392.7
7.8
261.9
11.5
12.6

391.8
7.8
261.8
11.6
12.5

102.8
5.8
71.8
1.7
3.3

104.1
6.1
72.2
1.7
3.7

104.4
6.1
72.4
1.7
3.7

497.6
22.2
323.4
11.6
21.8

514.2
22.1
326.7
11.8
22.7

518.0
22.3
329.0
11.9
23.0

Mississippi
Jackson

232.8
21.0

234.5
21.3

235.2
21.2

42.7
12.7

44.2
13.1

43.6
13.1

189.8
43.1

191.9
43.5

194.0
44.1

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

420.9
110.3
219.0
20.9

420.8
108.9
221.3
21.5

425.4
109.1
225.7
21.4

143.9
56.6
74.3
7.1

144.5
56.1
75.2
7.6

144.7
56.1
75.4
7.5

549.5
195.1
279.9
31.0

556.4
193.3
278.9
32.1

559.1
194.5
282.1
32.3

21.1

19.3

19.4

19.5

73.1

73.7

73.9

172.6
26.1
77.1

172.5
25.6
77.9

173.7
26.0
78.1

Montana

21.4

21.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

90.7
13.3
34.8

94.0
14.2
36.2

93.8
14.3
36.2

43.8
5.9
23.4

44.8
6.0
24.5

45.7
5.9
25.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

23.9
8.9
8.1

24.3
9.1
7.9

24.4
9.1
8.0

28.3
16.2
9.3

28.8
16.4
9.4

29.1
16.7
9.4

105.1
62.0
30.9

109.7
65.0
31.5

111.2
66.2
32.1

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

120.4
37.4
20.6

122.5
37.1
21.3

123.2
37.2
21.4

17.1
2.1
2.9

17.5
2.2
3.3

17.4
2.2
3.2

132.7
21.6
28.9

138.0
21.1
32.0

139.6
21.6
32.4

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

675.3
8.5
160.8
72.1
49.6
115.2
30.3
181.1
31.4

672.3
8.2
161.0
72.7
48.8
117.9
30.0
178.1
31.0

670.5
8.1
160.0
72.9
48.2
118.2
30.0
177.8
31.0

243.9
6.0
28.7
18.4
31.7
44.1
16.5
82.0
6.7

248.3
6.2
28.8
19.3
31.1
45.0
17.1
80.0
6.9

247.7
6.2
28.9
19.1
31.2
45.2
17.2
79.7
6.9

880.2
31.8
199.5
118.9
61.7
129.7
88.7
200.6
32.5

884.1
34.8
198.9
121.5
62.2
132.0
89.9
201.1
33.0

891.9
33.9
202.4
123.5
62.6
133.2
90.2
202.9
33.4

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

125.7
75.4
44.1
41.4

128.1
75.4
44.6
43.1

128.6
75.9
44.9
43.3

542.1
287.2
141.0
208.8

552.9
290.5
142.5
212.6

552.5
291.2
142.6
212.3

393.7
203.3

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

219.5

229.5

155.7
3.1
3.3
1.9
6.5
4.3
2.7

230.5
156.7
3.1
3.3

862.5
563.6

1.9
6.5
4.3
2.7

8.0

906.9
580.3
15.7
10.8
8.1
34.4

908.0

152.3
3.0

404.7
206.9
12.1
6.7
4.4
20.7
13.7
10.3

16.4
14.9

16.4

14.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

178.3
4.7
3.3
2.6

184.5
4.7
3.4
2.7

102.6

107.4

184.3
4.7
3.3
2.7
107.4

5.9
13.9

5.9

1.3
6.0

14.2
5.1
12.4
1.3
6.3

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

120.7
3.1

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

3.1
1.8
6.4
4.2
2.5

15.3
10.2

582.8
15.7

10.9

84.2
150.2

Oct.
1988

402.6
203.8
84.4

405.3
205.6
84.9

156.4

157.8

405.7
211.9
12.0
6.6
4.0
20.8

409.8

20.9

7.9
34.4
21.0

13.7
59.0
55.3

13.6
59.2
55.6

847.7
35.4
12.2
15.4

842.9
35.3
12.3
15.3
476.8
31.2
70.1
23.6
40.1
12.2
36.0

643.9
54.0
11.5

638.0
54.0

8.6

1.3
6.3

822.1
33.4
12.2
14.7
463.0
31.5
67.4
23.5
37.8
11.7
33.7

8.8
245.8
25.8
32.9
18.7
70.2
9.1
22.2

123.6
3.2

123.1
3.2

484.1
20.5

504.9
21.3

326.9
22.4

94.1
1.5
2.4

96.5
1.7
2.4

96.6
1.7
2.4

330.0
24.1
14.8

507.4
21.5
337.1
25.1
15.3

337.1
25.1
15.2

38.7
14.4

39.0
14.4

39.0
14.4

140.5
39.5

144.1
41.1

134.1
57.8
73.7
4.7

135.2
58.2
73.3
4.7

135.0
58.2

72.9
4.6

509.1
170.1
286.2
27.4

16.3

4.9
12.0

15.0

5.9
14.2
5.2
12.5

33.1
20.6
13.0
57.7
50.5

477.3
31.4
70.3
23.6
40.4
12.4
35.9

38.9
25.2

248.2
26.6
32.2
18.2
69.5
9.2
22.0

Nov.
1988P

14.2
10.3
36.9
25.7

11.6

213.9
11.9
6.6
4.2

21.0
14.4
10.7
37.1
25.8
675.5
54.2
11.6
8.8

264.9
26.1
32.9
18.8
69.6
9.2
22.4

Mil
6.1
13.4

330.4
22.3
179.9
6.2
13.2

334.5
22.6
180.5
6.3
13.4

143.4
41.0

198.0
39.5

201.3
40.4

201.8
40.6

521.3
173.9
295.7

517.2
173.6

293.9

353.0
111.5
143.2

29.0

28.8

14.1

353.6
112.5
142.4
14.2

357.4
113.4
143.6
14.2

Montana

12.9

12.5

12.4

64.2

66.6

65.9

71.0

70.2

69.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

47.5
8.4
28.3

48.3
8.9
28.7

48.5
8.9
28.7

150.2
23.5
80.2

149.5
23.9
83.0

149.8
23.5
83.1

139.1
31.3
46.0

140.0
31.6
46.4

143.3
33.0
46.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

23.9
14.6
6.9

25.3
15.7
7.0

25.3
15.8
6.9

225.3
139.3
55.6

239.7
146.5
58.3

240.4
148.4
57.6

66.4
33.8
16.8

69.3
35.4
17.4

69.4
35.4
17.4

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

32.5
4.0
6.7

33.6
4.1
6.7

33.7
4.0
6.8

114.4
17.7
19.8

123.5
18.8
22.3

121.1
18.6
20.9

65.9
6.8
25.7

70.5
7.1
25.2

71.5
7.3
25.5

230.3
7.2
38.5
25.4
12.9
35.7
17.9
77.9
9.5

237.8
7.5
40.3
26.4

238.2
7.4
40.4
26.6
14.0
36.3

886.7
69.5
153.5
99.6
42.7
105.6
86.2
250.1
58.0

921.4
76.2
161.9
102.8
44.1
112.8
92.2
261.0

918.2
74.3
161.8
102.6

550.9
24.0
68.2
72.3
40.6
71.9
61.2

558.7
24.2
69.8
73.9
42.0
73.1
62.9

135.6
55.2

135.3
55.5

566.6
24.4
70.8
74.5
42.2
74.2
63.7
137.4
55.9

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
See footnotes at end of table.

108




13.8
36.4
18.2
79.6
9.6

18.2
79.9
9.6

59.7

44.6
112.7
90.4
261.2
59.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

15.7
.2
.1
.1

537.0
235.0
41.2
54.7

550.4
239.7
42.4
56.1

554.1
239.9
42.8
56.3

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,200.3
414.3
123.6
447.5
40.0
1,152.4
4,173.1
3,635.7
83.6
104.1
119.7
475.4
99.4
308.9
123.9
419.4

8,306.6
420.4
124.3
453.8
41.5
1,160.9
4,191.0
3,651.5
84.2
106.8
122.4
481.7
99.8
310.6
126.6
420.8

8,351.3
421.6
125.2
454.8
42.2
1,168.4
4,219.2
3,675.7
84.1
106.7
123.0
482.9
100.8
311.6
125.9
423.7

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham

2,924.7
78.8
593.5
471.5
389.3

2,996.3
80.4
607.5
474.8
397.9

3,010.2
80.8
609.7
477.1
399.6

255.6
36.6
72.6
30.5

262.0
37.8
75.6
31.3

259.7
37.6
75.3
31.7

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,674.2
271.6
158.7
693.1
908.5
674.2
436.6
287.9
191.9

4,770.6
276.1
162.8
711.4
924.6
694.7
445.9
296.6
198.7

4,845.1
280.1
164.2
718.9
933.0
703.5
451.4
299.5
200.6

20.8
.5
1.0
.5
1.2
1.0
.4
.2
.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,108.7
21.7
33.7
403.8
289.0

1,110.8
21.4
32.8
400.6
291.9

1,107.1
21.6
33.3
400.8
291.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,121.4
106.9
569.4
98.4

1,175.2
111.5
584.5
103.0

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,016.3
274.2
51.6
51.0
112.8
298.4
78.8
182.7
2,195.1
789.7
869.8

5,115.1
279.8
52.6
52.6
114.9
304.2
80.1
188.3
2,207.1
781.7
876.9

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

15.4
.1
.1
.1

6.2
.4

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

15.4
.1
.1
.1

31.2
15.8
2.1
2.5

30.6
15.8
2.2
2.6

30.3
15.5
2.1
2.5

6.2
.4

370.1
21.4
5.7
19.4
1.9
65.0
165.1
129.3
3.8
7.0
7.1
20.7
5.4
18.2
4.3
28.7

365.0
21.0
5.6
18.4
1.9
65.0
165.0
129.4
3.7
7.0
7.0
20.0
5.4
17.6
4.0
28.4

.2
.2
.3

.2
.2
.3

.2
.2
.3

350.1
21.1
5.7
18.6
1.8
64.3
159.9
123.9
4.1
6.1
6.4
20.5
5.8
17.1
4.4
28.6

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4

162.2
4.2
35.6
24.9
21.7

170.7
4.5
39.0
25.6
22.5

170.6
4.4
39.1
25.5
22.5

4.5
.2

4.3
.2

4.2
.2

11.1
1.6
3.5
1.5

11.7
1.7
4.1
1.5

10.4
1.6
3.7
1.4

20.5
.6
1.1
.6
1.1
1.0
.4
.2
.7

20.4
.6
1.1
.6
1.1
1.0
.4
.2
.7

192.7
9.6
7.0
32.3
30.5
29.2
17.7
11.9
8.0

212.4
10.6
8.2
35.6
31.9
32.2
20.2
13.8
9.3

206.2
10.3
8.0
34.9
31.2
31.4
19.7
13.4
8.8

46.5
1.0
.2
11.2
15.4

43.1
.9
.2
10.2
14.9

42.7
.9
.2
10.2
15.0

33.3
.6
1.1
12.9
9.6

31.8
.6
1.1
12.4
9.4

30.8
.6
1.2
11.8
9.3

1,176.8
112.6
588.3
101.3

1.5
.1
.5
.1

1.5
.2
.5
.1

1.5
.2
.5
.1

35.9
3.4
20.4
3.1

41.1
3.6
21.9
3.6

38.3
3.4
20.9
3.4

5,123.1
280.5
52.5
52.5
115.4
303.2
79.7
188.2
2,222.6
785.5
876.1

30.9
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.1
2
()
5.9

30.0
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.1
(2)
5.5

29.8
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.5
.4
1.1
(2)
5.5

234.9
14.2
2.8
3.8
3.7
12.6
2.9
11.0
109.7
18.6
42.5

256.1
15.4
2.9
5.0
4.0
13.5
3.1
12.0
117.2
18.6
43.1

250.0
15.6
2.8
5.1
3.9
12.9
2.9
12.0
117.3
18.8
41.3

6.3
.5
1

1

()

()
.4

()
.3

(1)

(1)
.2
1.2
.6

.2
1.2
.6

.8

1

.7

(1)
(1)

0

2

.8
(2)

(1)

()
(1)

.2
1.2
.6
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)

(2)

.3
(1)

(1)
(1)
(2)

(1)
(1)
(2)

2

1

2

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1987

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

39.5
20.2
4.3
1.7

41.8
20.6
4.2
1.8

41.3
20.4
4.0
1.8

29.2
12.5
1.3
1.2

29.0
12.5
1.3
1.3

28.7
12.3
1.3
1.3

130.9
61.3
8.4
10.9

134.5
62.7
9.1
11.2

135.6
63.7
9.4
11.4

1,231.9
49.6
38.2
77.6
8.2
176.5
467.0
383.4
24.2
14.9
29.7
133.2
14.7
52.5
24.4
67.0

1,226.8
48.0
38.1
77.8
8.9
171.0
461.2
377.9
24.0
14.9
30.1
137.2
14.8
52.5
25.1
66.5

1,226.1
47.8
38.3
77.9
9.0
171.0
461.6
378.1
24.0
14.8
30.0
136.8
14.9
52.2
25.0
66.7

410.8
16.7
4.6
22.1
1.4
49.5
243.7
217.4
3.9
6.1
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.1
4.5
21.5

411.5
16.9
4.6
21.8
1.4
49.9
242.0
215.8
3.9
6.2
3.4
14.7
4.1
18.3
4.7
21.3

412.2
17.0
4.6
21.9
1.4
50.2
242.7
216.4
3.8
6.2
3.4
14.7
4.2
18.3
4.7
21.4

1,734.4
89.7
27.4
112.2
10.8
313.2
776.6
647.4
19.3
27.8
24.8
102.9
23.9
72.8
27.5
101.0

1,734.1
91.8
27.6
113.1
10.7
313.7
772.7
645.2
19.9
28.8
25.0
101.7
23.8
73.5
27.4
99.3

1,768.2
93.1
28.1
114.8
11.0
319.7
784.3
654.4
20.1
28.8
25.3
103.8
24.3
75.1
27.3
101.1

867.5
19.5
155.7
153.0
58.2

868.2
19.1
154.3
150.6
59.3

869.0
19.3
154.2
151.4
59.5

144.5
3.7
49.4
27.9
17.0

152.7
3.7
49.4
28.0
16.6

152.6
3.7
49.9
28.1
16.6

662.5
19.0
144.1
106.2
84.1

677.6
19.0
147.1
106.3
83.8

684.8
19.1
148.5
107.4
84.5

16.1
1.9
4.8
1.5

17.2
2.2
5.0
1.7

16.7
2.1
4.9
1.8

16.2
2.6
4.6
1.6

17.2
2.6
5.2
1.6

17.1
2.6
5.2
1.6

68.4
9.8
21.3
8.6

69.1
9.7
21.9
8.6

69.1
9.8
22.0
8.7

1,103.7
67.1
43.8
145.4
203.3
102.7
103.6
62.4
49.7

1,109.1
66.3
44.0
144.9
205.3
104.2
103.4
62.9
51.3

1,113.9
67.8
44.0
145.7
206.0
104.6
103.7
62.8
51.6

209.6
13.1
5.8
36.1
41.5
28.7
15.6
14.1
7.6

212.7
13.1
6.1
38.1
41.6
29.3
15.9
14.1
7.9

212.4
13.2
6.2
38.0
41.7
29.4
15.9
13.9
7.9

1,126.1
67.2
40.3
175.2
220.0
173.7
99.6
71.5
49.3

1,149.3
68.6
40.6
179.8
224.0
178.0
102.3
73.2
51.8

1,163.0
69.3
41.2
182.2
226.5
180.8
103.8
74.6
52.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

154.8
1.7
3.3
47.0
47.4

158.9
1.6
3.6
47.9
48.7

159.6
1.6
3.6
48.3
48.9

62.0
2.0
1.2
19.3
23.3

61.2
2.2
1.2
19.4
23.7

61.2
2.2
1.2
19.2
23.8

270.4
6.3
8.7
101.4
70.6

266.9
6.0
8.4
99.4
69.0

267.7
6.0
8.7
99.7
69.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

208.9
19.6
96.2
14.2

218.2
20.6
97.9
17.0

213.0
20.4
96.3
15.3

59.0
4.2
35.1
2.9

60.9
4.3
35.9
3.1

61.2
4.4
36.0
3.0

286.7
27.0
149.8
22.4

304.6
28.0
153.5
22.6

306.2
28.7
155.4
23.0

1,053.5
75.9
11.4
9.8
34.9
53.2
13.0
59.5
378.1
96.4
125.4

1,057.1
76.8
11.3
9.3
35.0
52.8
13.2
59.1
371.5
94.6
125.0

1,056.8
76.4
11.3
9.0
35.1
52.7
13.3
59.5
371.8
94.3
125.3

249.8
14.0
4.6
5.2
4.0
18.5
5.3
7.0
99.1
45.5
45.2

249.3
14.0
4.6
5.3
3.7
18.3
5.3
7.5
98.1
44.4
43.2

249.6
13.9
4.6
5.3
3.7
18.3
5.5
7.1
98.1
44.2
42.8

1,153.0
61.4
13.2
11.2
24.3
68.2
16.5
43.9
517.3
153.6
220.7

1,157.5
61.6
13.6
10.9
24.1
68.9
16.8
45.7
519.3
156.4
219.5

1,171.6
62.3
13.6
11.1
24.5
69.0
16.8
45.9
529.2
158.8
220.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

no




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988"

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

NOV.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

27.3
15.0
1.6
2.0

27.8
15.1
1.8
1.9

27.8
15.1
1.8
1.9

121.6
63.6
6.5
14.3

126.7
65.2
7.1
14.9

126.1
64.8
7.0
14.6

141.6
46.4
16.9
22.0

144.6
47.7
16.6
22.3

148.9
48.0
17.1
22.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

800.0
22.9
4.0
27.0
1.4
76.4
587.4
553.8
1.9
4.0
4.5
21.9
5.2
19.3
6.8
27.6

799.2
23.4
4.1
27.9
1.4
78.4
575.8
540.9
2.0
4.1
4.9
22.4
5.4
19.5
7.1
28.7

800.0
23.6
4.1
28.0
1.4
78.5
576.3
541.3
2.0
4.1
4.9
22.3
5.4
19.5
7.1
28.8

2,242.5
102.1
22.2
114.5
9.8
288.7
1,272.0
1,126.8
16.9
22.1
26.0
114.8
24.2
76.7
26.7
115.9

2,321.4
105.6
22.7
118.2
10.2
298.5
1,301.1
1,153.4
17.6
22.5
27.2
118.3
24.7
76.8
27.8
117.8

2,324.3
105.7
22.6
117.8
10.4
297.1
1,310.7
1,162.7
17.5
22.4
27.4
117.6
24.9
76.5
27.7
117.9

1,424.3
111.8
21.5
75.1
6.6
183.7
665.3
582.5
13.1
23.0
25.0
66.8
21.5
52.1
29.4
57.5

1,437.2
112.7
21.4
75.3
6.8
184.1
671.9
588.3
12.8
23.1
24.8
65.9
21.5
51.6
29.9
58.2

1,449.2
112.9
21.6
75.6
7.1
186.7
677.5
592.8
13.0
23.4
24.9
66.8
21.8
52.2
30.0
59.0

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

129.2
2.6
36.6
23.0
23.2

133.4
2.7
36.7
23.8
23.5

133.5
2.7
36.7
23.8
23.7

495.8
17.7
108.1
82.0
96.1

527.9
18.4
115.0
85.1
102.0

527.2
18.5
114.3
84.9
101.9

458.0
11.9
63.5
54.1
88.6

460.7
12.9
65.6
55.1
89.8

467.5
13.0
66.6
55.7
90.5

12.3
1.6
4.5
1.1

12.3
1.6
4.6
1.2

12.2
1.6
4.5
1.2

61.2
10.5
19.3
6.8

64.5
11.2
20.1
7.0

64.1
11.1
20.2
7.0

65.8
8.4
14.6
9.4

65.7
8.6
14.7
9.7

65.9
8.6
14.8
10.0

246.2
10.6
6.5
41.1
55.1
58.2
17.9
11.5
8.2

253.1
10.8
6.4
42.6
57.4
59.7
18.4
11.4
8.3

253.1
10.8
6.4
42.8
57.3
59.7
18.4
11.4
8.3

1,067.5
58.6
35.6
172.8
238.2
158.7
107.3
72.7
43.9

1,110.6
61.0
37.3
180.2
247.1
166.5
111.6
76.3
45.8

1,106.8
60.6
36.9
179.1
245.7
166.8
111.6
76.1
45.3

707.6
44.7
18.8
89.7
118.8
122.1
74.5
43.6
24.5

702.8
45.1
19.1
89.7
116.2
123.7
73.7
44.5
23.6

769.3
47.6
20.5
95.5
123.4
129.7
77.9
47.0
25.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

57.9
1.0
1.5
24.4
17.5

56.5
1.0
1.5
23.5
17.2

56.2
1.0
1.5
23.5
17.2

232.3
5.5
5.8
90.6
70.5

239.3
5.6
5.6
90.5
72.3

238.8
5.8
5.6
90.5
72.8

251.5
3.6
11.9
97.0
34.7

253.1
3.5
11.2
97.3
36.7

250.1
3.5
11.3
97.6
35.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

71.5
4.6
47.3
5.5

74.4
4.9
48.8
5.8

74.3
4.8
48.8
5.8

245.7
24.1
139.8
19.8

260.0
25.9
144.9
20.6

263.1
26.3
147.7
20.5

212.2
23.9
80.3
30.4

214.5
24.0
81.1
30.2

219.2
24.4
82.7
30.2

292.1
11.5
1.6
1.8
5.5
17.3
4.7
6.8
164.0
73.4
53.6

298.0
11.6
1.8
1.9
5.4
19.0
4.7
7.2
163.5
71.4
53.9

297.9
11.7
1.7
1.8
5.5
19.1
4.6
7.2
163.3
71.7
53.6

1,298.2
66.4
10.7
11.4
26.3
61.2
19.8
37.6
622.9
257.7
269.6

1,364.0
70.0
11.1
11.9
28.2
63.8
20.4
39.9
634.5
254.7
278.7

1,359.2
69.7
11.1
11.9
28.2
63.2
20.5
39.4
637.3
255.0
278.7

703.9
30.2
7.3
7.8
13.9
67.1
13.0
16.5
302.9
144.5
106.9

703.1
29.8
7.3
8.3
14.3
67.6
13.0
16.5
301.9
141.6
108.0

708.2
30.3
7.4
8.3
14.3
67.7
12.6
16.7
304.5
142.7
108.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




Ill

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

151.5
294.3
52.1
173.7

157.7
302.4
54.2
179.4

158.5
300.8
54.2
181.2

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

460.0
135.4
325.5

463.2
136.2
327.2

463.5
136.8
327.2

1,418.0
189.5
228.2
311.4

1,458.3
196.3
234.2
321.4

1,460.0
197.1
235.1
322.7

257.3
34.4
65.3

263.2
36.0
67.8

261.1
35.0
67.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,058.7
191.4
164.8
253.6
431.6
471.3

2,078.5
195.5
165.6
253.9
436.4
464.5

2,076.8
196.2
167.4
252.4
440.8
463.8

6.7
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

6,575.2
49.2
78.4
353.8
129.5
57.6
65.6
48.9
124.4
1,340.8
186.7
519.1
69.6
1,397.5
70.0
35.9
64.8
92.7
90.7
43.7
43.2
36.8
506.9
38.2
46.2
61.2
27.4
78.9
50.1

6,658.6
50.5
77.6
351.2
129.8
59.0
67.6
50.0
125.9
1,338.5
191.2
518.5
69.3
1,434.0
71.2
37.9
65.9
93.6
93.0
44.9
43.1
36.4
514.5
37.4
45.3
61.8
27.5
79.8
51.3

6,676.7
50.5
77.3
351.9
130.1
59.1
67.5
50.5
126.2
1,340.8
190.8
517.5
69.3
1,439.2
71.4
38.1
65.6
94.5
94.7
45.3
43.2
36.6
514.9
37.5
45.1
61.9
27.6
79.6
51.2

183.3
2.1
1.3
.8
1.5
1.8
.1
.7
3.9
18.4
.1
3.6
.6
63.1
.1
2.0
3.6
.4
.9
9.9
6.2
.5
2.5
.1
.1
1.9
1.5
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

650.7
79.1
452.0

670.6
83.3
461.0

675.6
84.3
464.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

249.5
33.9
76.5

257.9
36.2
80.5

258.0
36.1
80.3

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

112




Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

.4

.5

.5

7.1
12.5
2.0
10.3

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

20.4
5.3
15.2

21.7
5.5
15.9

21.2
5.1
15.5

1.6

87.1
13.6
13.4
21.7

91.8
14.2
15.0
22.4

91.4
14.2
14.7
22.4

2.5
.3

10.2
2.2
2.8

11.7
2.4
3.5

10.4
2.1
3.2

6.4
.8
.3
1.8
.1
.6

6.3
.8
.3
1.8
.1
.6

101.8
8.6
7.5
12.1
20.6
26.7

102.1
9.6
6.7
11.5
20.5
25.4

100.0
9.4
6.9
11.4
20.4
24.4

178.7
2.1
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.6
4.2
17.8
.1
3.6
.5
65.0
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.7
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.3
.1
1.9

178.3
2.0
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.6
4.3
17.8
.1
3.6
.5
65.1
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.8
.4
2.4
.1
.1
1.8
1.2
.1
1.9

339.4
2.1
3.9
16.4
7.4
5.9
2.1
2.1
6.3
59.0
9.5
22.7
3.2
82.2
3.5
1.3
3.0
3.2
4.0
1.2
2.3
1.5
29.6
1.6
2.2
2.2
1.7
3.5
1.7

319.9
2.2
3.8
15.2
8.3
6.9
2.0
2.4
6.3
48.2
9.2
19.2
2.9
86.3
3.8
1.2
3.4
3.4
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.5
25.2
1.7
1.7
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.1

316.1
2.2
3.6
14.9
8.6
6.9
2.0
2.5
6.1
47.5
9.0
19.2
3.1
84.9
3.7
1.1
3.4
3.4
4.0
1.2
2.1
1.5
24.6
1.8
1.7
2.3
1.6
3.7
2.1

8.1

26.1
2.6
18.8

26.8
2.9
18.0

26.3
2.9
17.2

17.8
2.2
5.0

19.5
2.7
5.5

19.4
2.8
5.5

0.6

0.6
2

2

()

1.6

1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

O
(1)
(1)
2.5
.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.6
.3

1

O

1

()

2.7

()

8.1

8.3
(1)

0.6
2

()

()

O

.6
.2
(1)

Nov.
1987

(1)
2.8

2.8
.7
.2

O

.6
.2

O

7.8
14.3
2.1
11.8

7.6
13.7
2.0
12.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and reta il trade

State and area
Nov.
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

48.8
71.5
16.7
60.3

50.1
72.2
16.5
61.3

50.4
70.4
16.5
61.9

6.8
15.8
1.9
7.5

7.4
16.4
1.9
8.3

7.3
16.3
1.9
8.3

33.9
68.0
11.9
41.9

34.0
68.1
12.7
42.4

34.6
69.3
12.7
43.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

118.0
54.8
73.7

117.0
54.1
72.9

117.2
54.5
73.0

15.7
3.4
12.1

15.8
3.5
12.3

15.7
3.5
12.2

106.2
33.0
71.9

106.6
33.3
72.7

107.8
34.2
73.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

378.4
19.6
29.0
101.0

378.7
20.7
30.1
101.5

379.5
20.7
30.2
101.9

60.3
9.9
10.4
11.5

61.8
10.5
10.6
11.9

62.2
10.5
10.6
11.9

320.3
47.3
50.5
72.2

332.7
46.3
50.5
74.5

334.4
46.4
50.7
75.0

30.1
3.2
8.8

30.6
3.2
8.7

30.1
3.2
8.3

12.4
1.7
4.7

12.9
1.9
4.7

12.8
1.8
4.7

67.2
9.7
17.4

68.1
10.0
17.9

68.2
10.0
18.0

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

503.1
46.3
53.9
51.9
52.9
88.9

499.9
47.1
55.2
51.6
54.0
87.6

500.4
47.2
55.1
51.0
53.6
88.0

104.9
8.4
6.1
10.2
39.4
23.7

108.7
8.5
6.2
10.1
40.6
24.1

108.3
8.5
6.2
10.1
44.7
24.1

486.0
45.2
37.5
63.9
120.6
116.4

489.8
45.1
35.8
65.8
120.3
111.0

492.4
45.3
37.2
65.2
120.8
111.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

945.0
4.5
9.7
39.7
24.9
15.4
9.9
3.0
11.4
223.0
37.2
117.2
8.5
149.5
8.0
1.8
15.7
7.3
12.1
2.8
3.7
5.8
47.0
11.3
7.5
10.8
2.9
14.9
8.3

954.1
4.8
9.4
40.1
25.2
15.7
10.3
3.1
11.2
221.8
37.9
119.3
8.5
152.8
8.4
1.9
15.7
7.6
12.3
2.8
3.7
5.4
47.0
10.9
7.4
10.5
3.0
15.1
8.3

955.5
4.8
9.1
40.1
25.0
15.8
10.2
3.2
11.2
222.2
37.6
119.5
8.5
152.9
8.4
1.9
15.3
7.7
12.5
2.9
3.7
5.5
47.1
10.7
7.4
10.5
3.0
15.1
8.2

388.8
2.5
5.8
10.7
9.8
2.4
3.0
1.5
6.9
89.8
10.2
30.0
4.9
98.1
2.7
4.6
3.1
5.0
2.8
2.0
2.1
3.1
18.0
2.0
1.8
2.8
1.4
3.3
2.6

393.4
2.5
5.8
10.7
9.6
2.2
3.3
1.7
6.8
92.6
10.8
31.2
4.6
99.7
2.8
5.0
3.1
5.1
2.9
2.2
2.2
3.0
18.0
1.9
1.9
2.7
1.6
3.4
2.6

394.2
2.5
5.8
10.7
9.6
2.2
3.1
1.7
6.7
92.7
10.7
31.4
4.4
100.2
2.7
5.1
3.1
5.1
3.0
2.2
2.2
3.0
18.0
1.9
1.8
2.7
1.6
3.3
2.6

1,657.3
13.5
23.1
79.7
32.4
11.2
17.2
10.0
32.1
349.5
46.7
138.4
13.9
356.1
16.2
10.3
16.6
27.5
26.9
10.3
12.6
9.6
132.5
8.4
10.8
16.5
7.9
19.5
12.3

1,663.2
14.1
23.2
76.9
31.5
11.0
17.9
9.7
32.3
352.5
47.5
133.9
14.1
360.1
16.3
10.9
17.0
27.8
28.1
10.4
12.8
9.5
134.8
8.2
10.8
16.7
7.8
19.0
12.4

1,672.9
14.2
23.5
77.7
31.9
11.1
17.9
9.9
32.6
355.9
47.4
133.1
14.2
364.6
16.5
11.0
17.1
28.0
29.0
10.7
12.8
9.5
135.6
8.3
10.9
16.9
8.1
19.4
12.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

95.1
11.9
62.7

99.2
14.3
64.1

100.0
14.6
64.5

38.8
2.9
29.6

40.4
2.7
29.8

40.5
2.8
30.4

155.0
16.9
114.6

156.5
17.4
114.0

160.1
17.7
116.0

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

50.1
4.8
16.7

49.8
4.9
16.8

49.8
4.9
16.6

10.3
.9
3.0

10.7
.9
3.0

10.5
.9
3.0

58.1
7.2
17.8

60.2
7.6
18.6

60.4
7.7
18.8

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988*

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988p

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

7.6
12.9
2.3
4.9

8.2
12.9
2.4
5.2

8.2
12.9
2.4
5.2

30.0
70.8
10.1
30.2

32.7
75.7
11.1
31.3

32.4
75.0
11.2
31.3

17.3
42.2
7.2
18.2

17.5
42.2
7.5
18.6

18.0
42.6
7.5
18.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

25.5
3.6
21.4

26.5
3.7
22.2

26.4
3.7
21.9

114.9
25.0
85.9

117.0
25.8
86.7

116.4
25.6
86.6

59.1
10.2
45.2

58.5
10.2
44.4

58.7
10.1
44.5

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

64.4
8.6
18.1
11.9

66.7
8.7
18.9
12.1

66.4
8.8
19.1
12.1

244.5
40.3
44.2
53.5

261.5
42.0
45.3
57.0

259.6
42.3
45.5
57.1

261.4
50.1
62.2
39.4

263.5
53.8
63.4
41.7

264.9
54.1
63.9
42.0

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.2
1.7
6.0

14.6
1.7
6.5

14.7
1.6
6.5

61.2
8.8
18.1

63.1
9.4
19.1

62.6
8.9
19.1

59.5
6.9
7.3

59.7
7.1
7.4

59.8
7.2
7.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

102.5
11.7
5.3
9.6
24.6
33.5

103.6
11.9
5.6
9.6
25.2
33.1

103.4
11.8
5.6
9.7
25.1
33.2

418.4
36.3
29.6
52.5
99.8
113.8

427.9
38.2
31.6
53.3
101.9
112.8

425.7
38.4
31.7
53.0
101.3
112.2

335.3
34.1
24.5
51.5
73.6
67.7

340.1
34.3
24.2
50.2
73.8
69.9

340.3
34.8
24.4
50.2
74.8
70.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

438.7
2.7
4.3
24.8
5.3
2.0
3.6
1.8
6.9
131.6
9.6
27.7
4.1
98.5
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.9
2.5
1.6
1.8
39.7
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.8
2.3

438.9
2.6
4.3
24.6
5.2
2.0
3.5
1.6
7.1
126.7
9.0
26.5
4.1
96.8
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.8
1.8
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.3

439.4
2.6
4.3
24.4
5.2
1.9
3.5
1.6
7.1
126.4
9.0
26.4
4.1
97.0
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.9
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.7
1.8
1.8
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.3

1,451.6
13.1
16.2
84.2
27.9
7.8
13.8
8.5
29.0
317.9
34.5
112.2
13.7
361.2
15.0
5.9
11.6
21.8
14.5
8.6
7.1
7.8
121.0
8.7
9.4
14.3
5.9
20.2
11.5

1,513.7
13.2
16.5
83.6
28.0
8.3
14.3
8.9
29.7
327.5
36.7
116.1
14.5
379.0
15.5
6.1
11.9
22.4
14.9
8.8
7.4
7.9
127.4
8.6
9.4
15.0
5.9
21.0
11.6

1,515.3
13.2
16.3
83.4
27.7
8.3
14.5
8.8
29.8
326.6
36.8
115.6
14.5
378.5
15.6
6.1
11.9
22.6
15.3
8.8
7.4
7.9
127.2
8.7
9.4
14.8
5.9
20.7
11.6

1,171.1
8.7
14.1
97.5
20.3
11.1
16.0
21.3
27.9
151.6
39.0
67.3
20.7
188.8
21.5
8.4
8.5
22.0
25.6
6.4
7.6
6.7
116.6
4.4
12.5
9.0
4.6
12.6
9.5

1,196.7
9.0
13.4
99.4
20.5
11.3
16.3
22.0
28.3
151.4
40.0
68.7
20.1
194.3
21.3
9.3
8.5
21.4
26.0
7.4
7.5
6.9
118.8
4.2
12.1
9.1
4.7
12.6
10.1

1,205.0
9.0
13.5
100.0
20.6
11.3
16.3
22.2
28.4
151.7
40.2
68.7
20.0
196.0
21.4
9.4
8.5
21.8
26.1
7.4
7.5
7.0
119.3
4.2
12.0
9.2
4.7
12.6
10.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.8
2.3
28.0

32.9
2.3
27.6

32.8
2.3
27.6

150.6
28.9
101.8

162.5
29.8
110.7

162.1
30.0
110.3

142.8
13.6
93.8

144.2
13.9
94.0

145.7
14.0
95.4

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.0
3.0
3.6

12.5
3.0
3.8

12.4
3.0
3.9

59.8
7.4
18.3

62.3
8.2
20.5

61.6
8.0
20.0

40.8
8.2
12.1

42.2
8.7
12.3

43.3
8.6
12.5

See footnotes at end of table.

114




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,733.7
31.9
68.3
41.0
72.5
559.8
724.0
444.9
120.9

2,841.2
33.9
69.6
42.2
73.5
575.5
761.0
461.2
120.1

2,857.1
34.2
70.8
42.6
73.9
575.8
768.8
463.1
121.0

15.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2

15.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2

14.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.7
.2

184.3
1.0
3.6
1.8
3.5
39.3
53.0
30.1
7.7

202.6
1.0
3.9
2.1
3.5
41.1
59.4
32.0
8.0

202.2
1.0
4.0
2.0
3.5
40.9
60.2
31.3
8.0

Washington
Seattle

1,883.0
956.5

1,974.6
1,002.5

1,973.0
1,008.6

3.1
.5

3.4
.7

3.4
.7

90.5
48.2

108.1
56.1

102.7
53.6

608.4
106.9
103.3
60.4
58.7

612.3
108.8
105.4
60.6
59.6

622.9
109.7
106.8
61.5
60.7

36.3
2.1
1.3
.6
2.2

34.1
2.0
1.3
.6
2.4

34.6
2.1
1.4
.5
2.4

23.9
4.1
4.1
2.8
2.1

27.4
4.7
4.9
3.1
2.4

25.2
4.6
4.8
3.1
2.4

2,126.2
147.3
55.6
97.2
55.7
41.9
53.4
205.1
712.8
70.8
46.6

2,192.1
154.3
59.5
101.1
57.9
42.7
55.0
208.7
729.6
72.2
48.8

2,192.7
154.4
59.6
101.2
58.6
42.3
55.8
209.4
730.6
72.6
48.9

2.2

2.5

2.3

72.2
6.6
1.4
3.6
1.3
.9
1.5
8.1
22.6
1.9
1.5

78.0
6.9
1.7
3.8
1.5
1.1
1.9
6.8
23.2
2.1
1.6

76.8
6.6
1.8
3.7
1.5
1.0
2.5
6.6
23.1
2.1
1.6

Wyoming

178.4

179.7

178.5

18.3

18.0

17.6

9.2

8.9

8.3

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

777.5
51.0
55.7
50.0
473.7

805.9
50.9
56.9
51.0
494.3

809.3
51.8
57.1
51.6
494.4

.8

.8

.8

35.1

39.1

38.7

3.1
26.2

3.7
28.4

3.7
28.0

39.8

39.2

39.9

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Virgin Islands

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1987

()
0

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

O

2.0

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale> and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ....
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

432.5
10.4
8.9
17.2
23.4
68.5
35.7
62.8
19.8

429.0
11.7
8.6
17.6
23.1
69.1
34.8
62.8
19.5

429.2
11.8
8.6
17.6
23.2
69.1
35.0
62.8
19.2

144.4
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.8
25.9
50.5
23.1
8.8

150.0
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.7
25.8
55.9
23.8
8.4

150.1
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.7
25.7
56.6
23.5
8.4

632.4
8.1
14.1
8.7
14.9
138.2
164.8
108.1
32.8

651.7
8.4
14.5
9.6
15.7
140.7
168.9
112.5
32.6

664.1
8.6
14.6
9.9
16.0
143.4
172.4
113.6
33.6

Washington
Seattle

325.6
188.9

341.2
199.7

341.1
201.5

99.9
59.4

105.9
61.3

105.5
61.5

465.3
236.1

485.3
242.1

489.1
245.6

86.2
11.0
19.0
13.9
7.0

87.7
11.1
19.8
14.2
7.0

88.2
11.1
19.8
14.3
7.0

36.3
8.5
7.7
2.1
3.3

36.8
8.5
7.7
2.1
3.2

36.9
8.6
7.7
2.2
3.2

144.1
28.5
27.1
14.7
16.2

143.3
29.0
27.2
14.9
16.1

143.5
28.3
27.2
14.8
16.0

535.2
51.0
10.1
25.1
18.0
14.5
11.3
23.2
172.7
24.7
13.0

556.8
53.6
11.0
26.1
18.1
14.2
11.1
24.0
177.6
25.0
14.0

556.2
53.2
11.0
26.0
18.5
14.2
11.2
24.0
178.4
25.2
13.9

96.9
5.4
3.6
6.5
2.2
1.4
2.5
7.2
35.5
2.4
2.8

100.1
5.6
3.9
6.6
2.2
1.3
2.6
7.6
35.9
2.3
3.1

99.7
5.7
3.8
6.6
2.3
1.3
2.5
7.6
35.9
2.3
3.0

511.7
32.4
16.5
25.9
13.6
9.0
14.6
47.4
165.3
16.9
11.6

523.8
34.3
17.0
26.3
14.1
9.3
14.8
48.1
169.1
17.6
11.9

524.4
34.4
17.1
26.4
14.2
9.2
15.1
48.9
169.3
17.5
11.9

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

116




8.4

8.6

8.6

12.8

12.6

12.6

40.1

40.3

39.7

154.1
15.7
20.3
9.6
66.2

154.8
15.0
20.2
9.2
67.3

156.0
15.7
20.3
9.1
67.6

15.8

14.8
(1)

14.9

12.1

139.2
9.6
7.9
7.9
97.5

140.0
10.0
7.7
8.0
99.0

142.8
10.2
8.0
8.4
100.6

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.6

9.4

8.9

9.1

01
(1)
()

13.7
2.6

O
(1)

12.2
2.5

O
(1)
0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

146.2
1.2
3.6
1.2
3.8
27.2
47.3
35.9
8.2

150.3
1.4
3.7
1.2
4.2
28.1
49.4
37.1
8.4

150.4
1.4
3.7
1.2
4.2
27.9
49.7
37.2
8.4

635.4
4.9
12.0
5.8
14.2
132.3
227.1
93.3
27.7

691.3
5.1
12.3
5.5
14.5
142.3
246.7
98.8
27.7

688.6
5.1
12.4
5.6
14.5
140.2
248.2
98.4
27.5

542.7
5.1
23.9
5.2
9.7
128.3
145.3
91.3
15.6

551.3
5.1
24.2
5.1
9.7
128.3
145.4
93.6
15.3

557.6
5.1
25.1
5.2
9.7
128.5
146.2
95.6
15.7

Washington
Seattle

106.8
67.7

109.0
69.4

109.3
69.7

429.2
224.4

454.2
238.6

451.7
239.2

362.6
131.3

367.5
134.6

370.2
136.8

24.5
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.3
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.6

24.3
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.6

126.3
25.6
20.2
13.8
15.7

128.4
25.5
21.9
13.3
16.1

128.0
25.5
22.2
13.5
16.0

130.8
21.1
20.0
10.2
9.5

130.3
22.0
18.7
10.1
9.8

142.2
23.4
19.8
10.8
11.1

112.9
7.2
1.9
3.4
1.6
1.3
1.4
18.1
49.3
2.3
3.4

114.9
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.5
1.5
18.5
49.4
2.3
3.5

115.1
7.6
1.9
3.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.6
49.6
2.3
3.6

461.4
27.5
11.9
21.6
12.2
8.3
14.1
43.3
185.0
14.2
8.0

475.7
28.7
12.5
23.4
12.9
8.7
14.8
45.2
190.3
14.4
&A

473.8
28.7
12.5
23.2
12.9
8.4
14.8
44.9
189.8
14.6
8.4

333.6
16.9
10.3
11.0
6.7
6.5
7.9
57.6
82.0
8.4
6.3

340.3
17.3
11.4
11.2
7.3
6.6
8.3
58.3
83.8
8.4
6.3

344.4
17.9
11.5
11.7
7.4
6.8
8.2
58.6
84.2
8.5
6.5

30.7

31.7

31.2

51.6

52.3

53.4

302.5
16.0
19.4
17.4
173.1

301.8
15.8
19.3
17.5
172.4

13.0

13.0

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




7.3

7.2

7.1

35.5

36.1

36.1

29.2

29.2

9.6
79.7

9.4
84.6

9.4
84.1

284.3
15.8
18.4
16.7
161.3

1.8

1.8

9.3

8.9

9.4

12.6

1.7

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964,
1965,
1966,
1967,
1968,
1969,

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970,
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988P

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
323.29

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.2

Weekly
hours

Construction

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.52
12.68

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
530.85
535.10

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.69
12.97

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
479.68
491.56

Hourly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November*
December"

34.8

$9.13

$317.72

43.1

$12.60

$543.06

37.6

$12.81

$481.66

9.18
9.17
9.18
9.23
9.26
9.23
9.25
9.24
9.40
9.45
9.45
9.45

315.79
316.37
315.79
320.28
320.40
322.13
324.68
323.40
327.12
329.81
327.92
329.81

42.1
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.2
42.5
42.3
42.0
42.2
42.7
41.9
42.1

12.77
12.71
12.59
12.60
12.54
12.55
12.66
12.62
12.75
12.72
12.80
12.84

537.62
531.28
527.52
539.28
529.19
533.38
535.52
530.04
538.05
543.14
536.32
540.56

35.9
36.1
37.4
37.9
38.2
38.7
38.5
38.6
38.4
39.0
37.7
37.2

12.99
12.82
12.87
12.88
12.87
12.85
12.91
12.95
13.13
13.13
13.04
13.15

466.34
462.80
481.34
488.15
491.63
497.30
497.04
499.87
504.19
512.07
491.61
489.18

See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.33

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.57

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.59
9.92

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.38
377.95

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978.
1979.

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988P

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.17

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.71

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
417.99

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November"
December

41.8

$10.07

$9.59

$420.93

39.2

$12.24

$479.81

38.2

$9.73

$371.69

41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.8

10.07
10.05
10.07
10.12
10.14
10.16
10.16
10.12
10.25
10.24
10.30
10.37

9.62
9.63
9.64
9.68
9.70
9.70
9.72
9.66
9.75
9.76
9.81
9.87

412.87
409.04
411.86
414.92
414.73
418.59
413.51
412.90
423.33
422.91
427.45
433.47

39.0
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.4
39.6

12.16
12.23
12.19
12.27
12.28
12.27
12.33
12.35
12.41
12.43
12.50
12.48

474.24
475.75
470.53
480.98
481.38
484.67
490.73
490.30
490.20
490.99
492.50
494.21

37.9
37.9
37.9
38.2
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.0
38.2

9.78
9.78
9.78
9.88
9.87
9.85
9.93
9.88
10.01
10.08
10.05
10.13

370.66
370.66
370.66
377.42
375.06
375.29
380.32
375.44
381.38
385.06
381.90
386.97

See footnotes at end of table.

120




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
327.24

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.48
8.90

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.60
290.14

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988P

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.11
6.30

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.41
183.33

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
36.0

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November"
December*

29.3

$6.19

$181.37

36.0

$8.81

$317.16

32.4

$8.73

$282.85

28.3
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.4
30.0
29.8
29.0
29.1
28.8
29.3

6.24
6.23
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.37
6.38
6.43
6.40

176.59
177.56
178.46
180.91
181.49
184.04
188.40
186.55
184.73
185.66
185.18
187.52

36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
35.8
35.8
36.2
35.7
35.8
36.0
35.7
35.8

8.96
9.02
8.97
9.03
9.09
8.98
9.03
9.04
9.14
9.29
9.27
9.28

324.35
328.33
321.13
326.89
325.42
321.48
326.89
322.73
327.21
334.44
330.94
332.22

32.4
32.6
32.3
32.6
32.4
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.5
32.6

8.81
8.81
8.80
8.82
8.84
8.78
8.79
8.79
8.98
9.07
9.09
9.13

285.44
287.21
284.24
287.53
286.42
287.11
290.07
288.31
291.85
296.59
295.43
297.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1987 forward are subject to revision.

121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct
1988

Nov.
1988"

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1988P

34.8

34.8

34.9

34.7

34.9

42.6

43.1

42.7

41.9

42.1

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

42.1
41.6
43.0

42.6
42.7
43.6

41.7
42.3
43.5

42.1
42.4
43.1

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

42.1
42.1

43.2
43.2

42.7
42.8

41.8
41.9

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
.

42.0
40.9
42.7

42.6
42.6
42.6

41.5
41.0
41.9

40.7
40.9
40.6

45.6
47.1

45.3
47.0

46.5
47.9

45.4
46.5

37.1

37.6

39.0

37.7

15
152
153
154

36.8
36.1
37.7
37.5

37.2
36.2
37.9
38.2

38.3
37.3
39.0
39.6

37.5
36.3
38.5
38.8

16
161
162

40.3
39.9
40.5

41.3
40.7
41.6

44.0
45.9
42.9

41.6
41.8
41.4

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

36.3
37.6
35.5
38.3
34.0
35.4
32.6

36.7
38.3
36.1
39.2
34.9
35.3
31.8

38.0
39.0
36.5
38.8
35.9
35.4
35.6

36.7
37.9
35.4
38.1
34.7
35.6
33.3

41.4

41.8

41.3

41.5

41.8

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

42.0

42.4

42.0

42.2

42.6

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.6

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

37.2

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.4
40.0
41.3
41.3
41.5
40.6
40.2
40.1
41.6
41.8
38.3
38.4
37.7
40.7

40.5
39.1
41.6
41.6
42.0
40.7
39.7
41.2
42.2
41.7
38.9
38.1
37.3
40.9

40.9
42.3
41.9
42.2
40.7
40.4
40.0
39.2
41.3
42.9
39.2
39.8
39.6
40.4

40.0
38.8
41.1
41.3
40.6
40.2
39.4
39.6
41.2
42.0
38.7
38.6
38.1
40.0

40.7

3.8
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.0
3.3
2.5
3.1
4.0
4.7
2.8
2.5
2.1
3.6

3.7
4.1
4.5
4.7
4.0
3.4
2.5
3.3
4.3
4.8
2.9
2.2
1.9
3.6

3.9
5.6
4.3
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.7
5.4
3.5
2.9
2.8
3.3

3.6
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.3
3.5
2.5
3.3
3.7
5.1
3.1
2.4
2.2
3.1

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.6
40.3
41.0
39.3
41.8
38.2
42.1
40.5
40.5
40.6

41.1
40.7
41.4
39.5
43.1
38.5
43.4
40.3
41.2
40.1

40.1
39.7
40.0
39.0
40.0
39.4
40.7
41.3
41.1
39.9

39.9
39.6
40.2
38.6
40.4
38.6
39.7
41.1
40.8
40.5

40.6

3.1
2.9
3.2
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.6
3.8
3.0

3.4
3.2
3.3
2.7
4.5
2.5
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.9

3.1
2.8
2.9
2.4
2.7
3.3
3.0
4.3
4.0
2.8

2.8
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.9
4.3
3.6
3.0

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.4
45.6
41.3

42.3
46.7
41.0

43.0
46.2
41.4

42.6
45.5
41.7

41.9

5.1
7.4
4.7

4.9
7.6
4.5

5.6
8.4
4.6

5.2
7.6
4.5

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

122




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Total private
Mining

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988"

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988"

Dec.
1988P

$9.13

$9.13

$9.45

$9.45

$9.45 $317.72 $317.72 $329.81 $327.92 $329.81

12.54

12.60

12.72

12.80

12.84

534.20

543.06

543.14

536.32

540.56

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

12.84
13.49
11.39

12.76
13.03
11.48

13.29
13.63
11.60

13.26
14.00
11.45

540.56
561.18
489.77

543.58
556.38
500.53

554.19
576.55
504.60

558.25
593.60
493.50

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

16.17
16.23

16.04
16.09

15.92
15.97

16.03
16.08

680.76
683.28

692.93
695.09

679.78
683.52

670.05
673.75

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
Oil and gas field services
138

11.39
14.07

9.97

11.53
14.28
10.00

11.74
14.56
10.23

11.82
14.54
10.29

478.38
575.46
425.72

491.18
608.33
426.00

487.21
596.96
428.64

481.07
594.69
417.77

10.73
10.15

10.78
10.14

11.13
10.58

11.14
10.57

489.29
478.07

488.33
476.58

517.55
506.78

505.76
491.51

12.83

12.81

13.13

13.04

475.99

481.66

512.07

491.61

15
152
153
154

11.88
11.13
10.69
12.76

11.89
11.19
10.85
12.69

12.35
11.68
11.57
13.14

12.30
11.60
11.66
13.11

437.18
401.79
403.01
478.50

442.31
405.08
411.22
484.76

473.01
435.66
451.23
520.34

461.25
421.08
448.91
508.67

16
161
162

12.22
12.14
12.26

11.92
11.54
12.11

12.70
12.81
12.62

12.47
12.36
12.54

492.47
484.39
496.53

492.30
469.68
503.78

558.80
587.98
541.40

518.75
516.65
519.16

17
171
172
173
174

13.44
13.57
12.70
14.80
13.49
12.86
11.90

13.46
13.67
12.72
14.75
13.41
12.83
12.04

13.59
13.94
12.87
14.69
13.76
13.11
12.07

13.52
13.86
12.70
14.61
13.67
13.07
11.98

487.87
510.23
450.85
566.84
458.66
455.24
387.94

493.98
523.56
459.19
578.20
468.01
452.90
382.87

516.42
543.66
469.76
569.97
493.98
464.09
429.69

496.18
525.29
449.58
556.64
474.35
465.29
398.93

10.01

10.07

10.24

10.30

10.37 414.41

420.93

422.91

427.45

433.47

10.54

10.60

10.78

10.85

10.92 442.68

449.44

452.76

457.87

465.19

8.47
10.90
8.61
8.96
6.91
8.36
8.60
7.74
6.85
9.87
6.20
7.97
8.04
7.29

8.43
10.66
8.63
8.99
6.97
8.34
8.53
7.79
6.87
9.82
6.28
7.99
8.04
7.34

8.76
11.36
8.82
9.15
7.13
8.62
8.78
8.08
7.08
10.20
6.48
8.21
8.32
7.51

8.68
10.96
8.82
9.16
7.17
8.62
8.77
8.14
7.06
10.13
6.40
8.25
8.36
7.47

8.74

342.19
436.00
355.59
370.05
286.77
339.42
345.72
310.37
284.96
412.57
237.46
306.05
303.11
296.70

341.42
416.81
359.01
373.98
292.74
339.44
338.64
320.95
289.91
409.49
244.29
304.42
299.89
300.21

358.28
480.53
369.56
386.13
290.19
348.25
351.20
316.74
292.40
437.58
254.02
326.76
329.47
303.40

347.20
425.25
362.50
378.31
291.10
346.52
345.54
322.34
290.87
425.46
247.68
318.45
318.52
298.80

355.72

7.78
7.21
6.67
8.03
6.94
7.75
8.71
7.99
9.34
8.18

8.04
7.42
6.95
8.09
7.40
7.90
9.14
8.45
9.55
8.36

8.00
7.36
6.90
8.09!
7.15
7.86
9.06
8.60
9.53
8.39

8.04

313.03
287.34
272.24
309.68
292.18
291.85
361.22
323.60
375.44
332.51

319.76
293.45
276.14
317.19
299.11
298.38
378.01
322.00
384.81
328.02

322.40
294.57
278.00
315.51
296.00
311.26
372.00
348.99
392.51
333.56

319.20
291.46
277.38
312.27
288.86
303.40
359.68
353.46
388.82
339.80

326.42

10.29
15.01
11.41

10.58
15.23
11.77

10.50 436.72

435.27
700.97
467.81

454.94
703.63
487.28

451.56
696.15
487.47

439.95

14
142

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods

24
241
242

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

2451
249
25
251
2511

,

259

7.71
7.13
6.64
7.88
6.99
7.64
8.58
7.99
9.27
8.19

,

32
321
322

1Q.30
14.90
11.36

,

2512
2514
2515
252
253
254

10.60
15.30
11.69

13.15

679.44
469.17

489.18

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum .
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
,
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating ,
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

See footnotes at end of table.

124




Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

4.9
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.2
3.8
6.5
6.3
6.0
6.5
"4.7
4.2
5.0

44.1
44.3

5.4
5.6
5.7
6.2
5.4
5.8
3.9
4.6
5.1
4.8
5.9
6.2
7.1
5.5
4.1
4.4

5.5
5.7
5.8
6.7
5.6
5.7
4.5
5.7
4.7
4.5
6.0
6.8
7.6
5.5
4.2
4.4

5.8
6.0
6.3
4.6
6.0
6.4
4.2
5.9
4.8
4.6
6.3
6.3
7.8
6.1
4.2
4.3

5.7
5.7
6.0
4.9
6.2
6.6
5.2
5.8
5.1
4.8
6.2
6.1
7.3
6.1
4.5
4.8

42.4
45.7
46.4
41.8
41.1
41.9
41.6
41.4
41.6
41.5
42.0
40.3
43.0
40.4
41.3
43.9
42.3
45.8
44.0
44.3
46.5
41.3
41.8
41.7
42.0
41.5
39.8
42.2
42.4
41.1

42.9

4.4
5.9
6.0
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.0
4.3
3.7
3.4
5.5
4.6
6.6
5.1
4.9
5.8
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.2
3.1
2.8
4.1
4.5
3.8

4.5
5.3
5.3
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.4
3.9
4.5
2.7
4.8
3.6
3.7
6.1
5.2
7.1
5.1
5.6
5.4
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.0
4.5
5.3
3.9

4.4
6.5
6.6
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.6
2.8
4.3
3.9
4.9
2.9
4.2
3.4
4.5
5.5
4.6
6.7
5.5
5.1
7.0
4.2
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.1
2.7
4.0
3.8
3.9

4.5
6.3
6.6
3.7
3.0
4.0
4.1
3.7
4.9
4.0
4.7
2.9
4.2
3.5
4.9
6.0
4.9
7.4
5.7
6.1
7.2
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.5
2.8
2.7
4.0
3.9
3.7

42.7
44.9
46.1
44.6
41.4
41.8

43.5

4.6
6.9
6.1
7.1
3.9
4.6

5.0
6.5
4.0
7.3
4.2
4.7

4.5
5.1
8.0
4.2
3.6
4.2

4.6
5.3
9.6
4.0
3.8
4.3

41.1
42.4
43.2
42.6
42.1
40.6
43.3
44.0
42.9
42.5
42.8
44.2
44.5

33
331
3312
3317
J332
3321
3322
3325
i333

43.7
43.8
43.8
43.7
43.6
43.9
42.2
42.4
44.2
44.7
44.1
44.5
45.0
43.7
42.5
43.3

44.1
' 44.4
44.5
44.8
44.1
44.0
42.5
44.1
43.9
44.6
44.5
44.5
46.0
44.1
42.6
43.0

43.6
43.9
44.3
41.8
43.9
44.1
42.0
43.9
43.0
42.8
43.9
43.3
45.3
43.6
42.0
42.5

43.9
44.0
44.4
42.7
44.2
44.3
43.0
44.0
44.1
43.7
44.0
43.9
45.4
43.7
42.5
42.9

42.4
44.1
44.5
42.4
42.6
42.0
42.1
42.4
42.4
41.5
42.0
40.4
42.9
40.6
40.9
43.5
42.4
44.8
43.2
43.3
44.6
41.7
41.9
41.6
42.5
42.9
42.8
42.2
43.1
40.8

42.7
45.0
45.1
42.6
42.4
42.5
43.2
43.6
43.2
41.7
42.9
39.4
44.2
40.9
41.1
44.3
43.0
45.8
43.6
44.3
44.8
42.1
41.9
41.8
42.0
42.7
41.8
42.8
44.1
41.4

42.0
44.8
45.2
41.4
41.1
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.1
42.2
40.0
42.3
40.1
40.8
43.0
41.6
44.7
43.3
43.2
45.3
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.9
41.4
41.0
41.9
42.0
40.8

43.0
45.2
42.5
46.0
42.6
43.3

43.7
44.8
41.2
45.9
43.5
44.0

42.5
44.2
44.7
44.1
41.2
41.4

J_

Dec.
1987

5.3
3.8
4.3
3.2
4.5
3.7
7.4
7.4
6.6
7.7
4.9
4.5
5.1

40.7
42.1
42.8
41.6
42.2
40.6
44.6
45.9
43.4
44.6
42.4
43.5
43.0

3511
3519
352
3523

Nov.
1987

5.3
3.5
3.7
3.6
4.6
3.5
5.7
6.4
5.7
5.2
5.2
4.8
6.8

41.0
41.1
41.7
42.2
42.6
41.1
42.4
44.5
43.4
40.5
43.8
45.1
45.3

35
351

Dec.
1988P

5.5
3.9
3.7
3.0
4.3
3.6
6.2
7.3
5.9
5.8
4.9
4.1
5.5

40.8
41.9
41.8
42.5
42.3
40.5
42.9
44.9
42.6
41.8
43.1
43.9
43.3

Fabricated metal products
34
Metal cans and shipping containers
341
Metal cans
3411
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3432
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
Fabricated structural metal
3441
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
Metal forgings and stampings
346
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
3465
Metal stampings, nee
3469
347
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
3471
Metal coating and allied services
3479
Ordnance and accessories, nee
348
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
3483
Misc. fabricated metal products
349
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
3496
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

Nov.
1987

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292
33
331

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
Metal forgings and stampings
346
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
3465
Metal stampings, nee
3469
Metal services, nee
347
Plating and polishing
3471
Metal coating and allied services
3479
Ordnance and accessories, nee
348
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
3483
Misc. fabricated metal products
349
Valves and pipe fittings
3494
Misc. fabricated wire products
3496
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$11.78
10.91
8.76
13.68
8.62

$11.87
10.90
8.72
13.48
8.63

$12.25
11.25

$12.09

8.99

9.09

10.08
9.04

9.98

9.29
13.37
9.03
9.41
10.37
9.38

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1S88

$480.62 $486.67 S498.58
457.13
447.99 473.63
366.17 363.62 397.61
581.40
556.19
568.86
364.63 367.64 381.07
364.10 373.60 382.05
432.43 423.15 462.50
405.90 402.28
430.54
385.10 390.17 406.66
455.20 437.81 497.29
450.40 461.65 449.44
433.73
450.55 437.18
452.92 484.71 467.84

11.25
9.30
13.89

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

$496.90
477.00
401.76
591.71

9.37

9.06
9.52
10.35
9.43
9.23

10.70

11.15
10.60
10.05
10.88

11.21
10.63
10.17
10.70

12.04
13.89
14.61
10.98
10.86
11.35
11.74
10.07
13.11
13.38
11.54
10.60
14.06
11.66
9.55
9.79

12.11
13.93
14.68
10.93
10.91
11.41
11.79
10.21
13.14
13.51
11.57
10.83
13.94
11.61
9.69
10.01

12.20
14.04
14.78
10.96
11.05
11.58
11.86
10.29
13.38
13.66
11.79
11.06
13.96
12.08
9.65
9.87

12.23
13.99
14.71
10.92
11.17
11.75
11.97
10.32
13.35
13.69
11.85
11.04
13.98
12.18
9.74
9.97

$12.26
13.96

526.15
608.38
639.92
479.83
473.50
498.27
495.43
426.97
579.46
598.09
508.91
471.70
632.70
509.54
405.88
423.91

534.05
618.49
653.26
489.66
481.13
502.04
501.08
450.26
576.85
602.55
514.87
481.94
641.24
512.00
412.79
430.43

531.92
616.36
654.75
458.13
485.10
510.68
498.12
451.73
575.34
584.65
517.58
478.90
632.39
526.69
405.30
419.48

536.90
615.56
653.12
466.28
493.71
520.53
514.71
454.08
588.74
598.25
521.40
484.66
634.69
532.27
413.95
427.71

$540.67
618.43

10.10
13.23
13.99
10.0
9.28
10.45
9.31
8.96

10.19
13.38
14.15
10.12
9.30

10.32

10.35
13.70
14.57
10.31
9.38
10.74

10.39

428.24
583.44
622.56
426.97
395.33
438.90
391.95
379.90
390.50
389.69
417.90
315.12
444.44
393.82
361.15
433.26
392.20
481.60
519.70
552.08
625.29
391.98
335.62
331.14
344.68
474.05
453.68
396.26
437.90
347.21

435.11
602.10
638.17
431.11
394.32
446.25
401.76
389.35
394.85
396.57
429.86
313.23
462.33
400.00
374.42
443.89
400.76
494.18
525.82
574.57
624.96
398.69
342.32
340.67
344.82
478.24
446.84
406.60
455.55
352.73

433.44
605.25
651.33
426.42
384.70
442.08
383.11
365.08
380.95
397.85
438.04
322.40
437.81
400.20
376.58
434.30
395.20
481.87
531.29
552.53
655.49
391.94
340.31
338.25
344.84
470.30
452.64
401.40
432.18
349.25

438.84
626.09
676.05
430.96
385.52
450.01
389.79
373.84
389.38
402.14
432.18
328.85
444.19
404.81
372.94
443.39
402.27
493.27
539.44
571.03
664.95
392.35
347.78
345.28
352.80
468.54
436.61
406.81
440.11
355.52

445.73

13.51
14.41
10.30

11.20

465.69
610.65
584.38
618.70
431.11
467.21

475.89
606.59
566.91
618.73
442.40
478.28

470.48
610.40
632.51
604.61
424.77
457.47

476.96
631.29
667.07
621.28
440.91
480.70

487.20

9.04
10.89
10.45
9.88
10.46

9.04
8.99
10.81
10.54

9.99

9.36

10.50
9.30

10.73
8.97

9.21

8.93
9.14

9.39

9.51

9.95
7.80

10.02

10.36
9.70
8.83

10.46
9.78

9.69
10.29
8.16
10.33
10.02
9.03

9.96
9.25

10.02
9.32
10.79
12.06
12.97

9.68
10.38
8.06
10.35
9.98
9.23
10.10

9.50

8.24
8.25
8.23
11.36
11.04

9.51
10.77
12.26
12.89
14.30
9.50
8.32
8.28
8.40
11.29
10.97

9.58
10.29

9.64
10.38

8.56

8.65

11.07
13.81
14.15
13.71
10.31
11.05

11.17
14.06
14.47
13.93
10.65
11.50

10.75
12.03

12.75
14.02

9.40
8.01

7.96

7.95
9.11

13.95
9.47
8.17
8.15
8.21

8.11
11.05
10.60
9.39
10.16
8.51

10.33
8.52

10.83
13.51
13.75
13.45
f0.12
10.79

10.89
13.54
13.76
13.48
10.17
10.87

11.20
10.69

9.50

9.39
9.36

10.78
12.27
12.79
14.47

9.49

9.37
9.03
9.36

10.10

381.43
386.51

448.16
414.92
395.97
476.43
454.96
449.51
476.15

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures

Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

126




1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

359
3592
3599

44.0
44.6
43.1
45.0
43.3
42.2
43.1
42.4
44.9
43.7
42.6
40.5
42.2
42.5
42.5
40.3
43.4
44.1
44.3
43.7
41.6
42.8
42.3
42.8
42.9
42.7
43.3
42.1
42.5
42.0

44.7
45.1
43.8
45.9
44.0
43.3
44.2
43.8
45.5
44.8
43.6
41.9
43.3
43.2
43.8
41.0
44.2
44.7
44.3
44.3
43.6
44.3
44.1
43.0
43.2
43.1
43.2
42.9
43.3
42.9

43.0
43.8
42.1
42.9
42.6
41.7
43.5
43.3
45.1
44.2
41.7
43.3
42.5
42.8
42.6
39.7
42.9
42.9
44.4
42.3
41.5
43.2
41.5
41.7
41.8
41.7
42.1
42.0
42.5
41.9

43.1
43.8
42.7
42.1
43.6
42.0
43.7
44.0
46.3
44.0
42.2
43.1
42.6
42.9
42.3
39.4
43.2
43.1
44.3
43.7
42.5
43.6
42.3
41.8
42.1
41.7
42.3
42.3
43.3
42.1

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

41.4
41.9
42.5
41.4
42.3
41.9
42.3
40.6
40.4
39.6
43.4
40.7
41.0
40.8
41.8
39.7
41.2
41.1
41.2
42.1
40.9
41.2
42.6
40.8
41.5
42.7
43.2
43.1

42.0
42.0
42.3
41.8
42.8
42.3
43.4
41.0
41.2
40.2
43.2
41.3
41.8
41.0
42.1
40.0
41.5
42.5
42.3
43.9
41.7
41.7
44.3
41.3
42.0
43.2
43.5
43.6

41.0
42.5
42.3
42.8
42.0
41.9
40.9
40.6
40.9
40.2
41.6
40.0
40.3
38.9
41.3
39.3
42.1
41.3
40.2
40.9
39.9
40.3
42.4
39.9
40.7
43.5
44.8
43.5

41.4
43.4
43.1
43.7
42.7
42.5
42.0
41.6
41.0
42.2
43.0
40.3
40.4
39.8
40.5
38.6
42.9
42.5
40.6
40.8
40.5
40.7
43.2
40.2
41.1
43.4
43.6
44.0

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354

3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1988P

41.8

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988 P

4.7
3.9
4.7
6.7
4.6
4.5
5.2
4.6
6.3
5.8
4.6
2.7
4.6
4.6
4.1
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.6
5.6
2.9
4.5
4.9
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5

5.2
4.5
5.3
7.3
5.2
4.6
5.7
5.1
7.3
6.3
5.3
3.3
5.2
4.4
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.2
6.3
3.9
5.6
5.3
4.4
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.8
4.4
4.9

4.0
3.9
4.1
4.6
4.6
3.3
5.5
5.0
6.9
6.2
4.3
4.0
4.9
4.3
4.1
5.1
4.9
4.2
6.5
4.4
3.6
5.2
4.9
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.6
4.8
4.7
4.8

4.1
3.9
4.3
4.5
5.2
3.3
5.7
5.4
7.5
6.3
4.9
3.9
4.9
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.9
4.6
6.3
5.3
3.7
5.7
5.2
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.7
4.8
5.7
4.7

3.5
3.6
3.8
3.4
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.3
4.5
1.9
4.6
3.5
4.3
3.5
3.6
2.3
3.3
2.9
3.0
3.4
2.9
3.6
2.7
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.5

3.8
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.2
4.3
1.9
3.9
3.8
4.8
3.6
3.8
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.9
3.1
4.0
3.4
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.9

3.4
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.8
4.2
2.6
3.9
5.2
2.1
4.1
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.7
2.5
4.6
3.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.3
4.3
3.5
3.3
4.8
5.1
5.5

3.6
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.4
2.8
3.9
4.6
3.3
4.8
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.8
4.7
4.1
2.6
2.7
2.6
3.4
4.5
3.5
3.4
4.7
3.9
5.7

Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC

Industry

uoae
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

.,

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$11.04 $11.14 $11.06 $11.21
12.37
12.66
12.36
12.21
11.31
11.19
11.40
11.38
10.74
10.60
11.02
10.86
10.03
10.18
9.92
9.79
9.80
9.97
9.90
9.84
11.52
11.31
11.21
11.59
11.47
11.42
11.28
11.13
11.87
12.01
11.94
11.76
12.41
12.37
12.01
11.93
10.43
10.26
10.23
10.12
9.06
8.81
9.04
8.80
11.24
10.97
11.32
10.88
11.21
11.12
11.02
10.99
9.33
8.97
8.94
9.39
12.28
11.76
11.69
12.32
10.64
10.54
10.47
10.76
11.20
11.22
10.99
11.45
11.13
10.85
11.01
11.33
10.58
10.62
10.55
10.70
9.52
9.37
9.21
9.49
10.68
10.49
10.33
10.84
10.60
10.68
10.70
10.69
10.86
10.42
10.39
10.89
10.80
10.44
10.85
10.40
10.70
10.65
10.58
10.72
10.89
10.85
10.82
10.88
10.71
10.48
10.78
10.51
12.87
12.89
13.03
13.01
10.17
10.43
10.15
10.49
9.98
9.40
9.21
9.57
9.95
9.85
9.88
9.93
11.70
11.80
7.37
9.27
10.49
8.93
9.38
6.73
9.39
9.71
11.90
11.44
12.06
8.98
11.32
10.92
8.09
10.70
11.49
11.24

10.03
9.36
9.14
9.55
9.99
9.97
9.86
9.95
11.60
11.81
7.37
9.32
10.43
9.03
9.36
6.82
9.33
9.58
11.94
11.39
12.15
9.05
11.27
10.99
8.18
10.79
11.69
11.29

10.16
9.48
9.27
9.67
10.08
10.12
9.86
10.06
11.92
11.91
7.36
9.61
10.82
9.47
9.32
6.85
9.72
10.24
12.09
11.56
12.30
9.18
11.36
11.18
8.22
10.83
11.55
11.40

Dec.
1988P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

$485.76
544.57
490.48
488.70
423.91
417.78
483.15
471.91
528.02
521.34
431.11
356.81
459.14
467.08
379.95
471.11
454.40
484.66
487.74
461.04
383.14
442.12
452.61
444.69
446.16
451.77
468.51
441.21
546.98
426.30

$497.96
557.44
499.32
505.82
436.48
431.70
499.90
494.06
540.09
538.05
446.03
368.72
475.00
476.06
392.89
482.16
465.87
501.53
480.66
470.47
408.53
464.71
470.99
448.06
451.01
459.02
468.72
450.88
564.20
436.29

$475.58
541.81
476.15
454.74
427.28
408.66
501.12
494.49
538.49
546.75
427.84
392.30
477.70
475.94
397.46
487.52
456.46
480.48
494.17
447.53
395.08
461.38
439.90
452.86
451.44
446.19
458.47
449.82
547.83
437.02

$483.15
554.51
477.81
452.15
443.85
413.28
506.48
504.68
556.06
546.04
440.15
389.62
482.23
480.91
397.20
485.41
464.83
493.50
501.92
467.59
403.33
472.62
452.19
455.20
456.79
447.02
460.22
455.99
563.33
441.63

421.26
393.12
386.62
399.19
427.57
421.73
427.92
407.95
477.92
474.76
318.38
384.92
435.97
370.23
394.06
272.80
387.20
407.15
505.06
500.02
506.66
377.39
499.26
453.89
343.56
466.13
508.52
492.24

416.56
402.90
392.12
413.88
423.36
424.03
403.27
408.44
487.53
478.78
306.18
384.40
436.05
368.38
384.92
269.21
409.21
422.91
486.02
472.80
490.77
369.95
481.66
446.08
334.55
471.11
517.44
495.90

423.52
410.13
401.26
418.21
432.12
430.53
420.00
418.50
487.49
506.82
317.34
390.10
441.98
376.91
380.70
266.73
421.71
442.00
494.51
477.36
500.99
375.25
496.37
451.04
339.08
483.91
505.76
526.24

10.23 $10.30 413.17
393.86
9.45
_
391.43
9.31
_
396.20
9.57
_
420.89
10.12
412.72
10.13
_
417.92
10.00
403.16
10.06
472.68
11.89
467.28
12.01
7.38
319.86
9.68
377.29
430.09
10.94
_
364.34
9.47
392.08
9.40
267.18
6.91
386.87
9.83
399.08
10.40
12.18
490.28
_
481.62
11.70
_
12.37
493.25
_
9.22
369.98
11.49
482.23
445.54
11.22
335.74
8.25
_
456.89
11.15
_
496.37
11.60
11.96
484.44
-

Dec.
1988P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
$430.54
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products ..
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

128




3841
3842
385
386
387

3911

393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201

2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly hours

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

42.5
42.9
42.2
41.4
44.0
40.4
42.9
42.7
42.6
43.5
40.2
40.7
39.4
42.0
42.8
42.7
39.2
37.4

42.7
42.8
41.3
42.5
44.3
41.8
43.6
43.0
43.9
44.1
40.9
41.2
40.4
42.7
44.0
43.9
39.9
37.3

43.1
44.0
44.3
42.4
44.2
40.5
42.5
42.3
42.2
43.2
40.8
41.6
39.5
43.1
43.5
43.6
40.2
38.5

43.7
44.8
45.3
41.2
45.2
40.6
43.3
43.0
43.1
43.9
41.0
41.7
39.9
43.6
43.5
43.3
39.2
38.6

44.2
45.4

4.5
4.5
4.0
3.4
5.4
2.3
5.4
4.9
5.5
5.9
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.2
4.8
4.7
2.6
1.1

4.6
4.4
3.5
3.8
5.4
3.5
5.7
5.1
5.9
6.5
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.0
3.1
1.5

5.1
5.7
5.8
4.3
6.1
2.8
5.1
4.8
5.2
5.5
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.7
4.7
4.7
2.7
1.8

5.4
6.1
6.6
3.6
6.4
2.5
5.4
4.9
5.9
5.8
3.0
3.4
2.2
4.4
4.9
4.8
2.2
2.1

41.8
42.5
41.8
40.9
43.5
41.4
42.7
41.5
41.4
41.6
40.0
42.8
40.2

42.2
43.5
42.2
40.1
45.1
41.3
43.4
42.1
42.1
41.9
39.8
42.7
40.0

41.7
41.9
41.2
39.7
43.2
40.5
44.3
40.9
40.4
41.1
39.6
45.0
42.7

41.9
42.5
42.5
40.6
44.2
42.5
44.8
40.6
40.0
41.1
40.4
42.7
42.4

42.4

3.4
3.9
3.0
3.8
3.8
2.6
3.8
3.7
3.4
4.0
2.5
4.1
2.4

3.6
4.2
3.5
3.4
4.6
3.0
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.9
2.2
4.2
2.8

3.2
3.1
2.9
2.2
4.1
2.4
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.1
3.1
4.8
4.1

3.3
3.5
3.1
2.6
4.3
2.7
4.0
2.9
2.7
3.0
3.3
4.1
3.5

39.7
39.3
39.2
40.6
40.1
39.4
40.7
41.2
36.7
32.9
40.2
40.0

40.0
39.5
39.3
41.7
39.7
38.5
40.6
42.0
37.2
35.5
40.6
40.3

39.6
39.6
38.8
39.7
39.1
38.9
39.2
40.0
38.5
36.2
40.3
40.9

39.8
39.8
39.2
39.9
39.5
39.4
39.6
40.0
39.4
38.5
40.0
40.3

39.8

3.1
3.5
3.6
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.8
1.8
3.1
2.9

2.8
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.0
2.8
3.4
2.0
1.7
2.9
2.9

2.9
3.7
3.5
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.3
3.4
3.8

2.8
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.2

40.6
40.7
41.1
43.2
41.3
39.2
41.2
39.3
42.6
39.0
39.9
37.9
37.3
44.7
47.8
43.9
40.3
39.1
43.1

40.9
41.1
41.0
43.0
40.9
39.2
41.1
40.1
42.0
39.8
41.4
40.0
36.6
45.0
47.0
43.8
40.5
39.3
43.5

40.3
40.8
40.9
42.6
40.6
39.5
40.8
39.4
42.1
40.5
43.7
39.2
40.0
45.0
47.5
43.6
40.3
39.3
42.7

40.5
40.9
41.0
42.3
41.2
39.9
40.9
39.0
42.3
40.1
44.0
39.1
39.0
45.3
48.0
43.4
39.9
38.7
43.1

40.6
41.1

3.9
4.4
4.7
5.7
4.3
4.0
4.4
3.7
5.1
3.6
6.4
3.2
2.6
6.4
7.6
6.3
4.4
4.3
4.6

3.9
4.3
4.7
5.8
4.7
3.4
4.2
4.1
4.6
3.5
6.4
3.0
2.7
6.4
6.9
6.5
4.1
3.9
4.6

3.9
4.6
4.8
6.2
4.4
3.6
4.0
3.4
4.7
4.9
5.8
5.1
4.8
6.9
8.0
6.9
4.2
4.2
4.2

3.9
4.5
4.9
5.6
4.7
4.2
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
6.6
4.2
3.7
6.8
7.9
6.5
4.1
4.2
4.0

Dec.
1988P

3.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
^otor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

$13.18 $13.25 $13.49 $13.61 $13.78 $560.15 $565.78 $581.42 $594.76 $609.08
13.79 13.87 14.16 14.26 14.48 591.59 593.64 623.04 638.85 657.39
660.85 651.71 712.34 731.60
15.66 15.78 16.08 16.15
478.58 497.25 502.02 482.86
11.56 11.70 11.84 11.72
12.96 13.03 13.38 13.47
570.24 577.23 591.40 608.84
9.28
9.19
371.28 389.16 372.60 376.77
9.20
9.31
13.43 13.48 13.77 13.91
576.15 587.73 585.23 602.30
(2)
(2)
$584.05 $607.58 $587.00 $608.57
$13.84 $13.91 $14.12
542.45 549.93 546.05 560.60
12.47 12.47 12.64 12.77
419.69 429.45 424.73 430.91
10.44 10.50 10.41 10.51
476.19 483.28 482.14 487.06
11.70 11.73 11.59 11.68
318.75 330.88 335.36 341.54
8.56
8.09
8.49
8.19
511.56 526.92 530.99 536.28
12.18 12.34 12.32 12.30
554.26 578.16 580.73 584.21
12.95 13.14 13.35 13.43
(2)
(2)
$407.68 $422.54 $418.48 $410.03
$10.40 $10.59 $10.41 $10.46
8.94
317.53 325.63 336.11 345.08
8.49
8.73
8.73
9.83
10.74
9.75
9.11
9.54
10.11
10.61
8.69
8.79
8.57
7.47
13.56
7.07

9.84
10.75
9.76
9.24
9.66
9.99
10.54
8.75
8.93
8.54
7.56
13.46
7.19

10.05
11.14
9.72
9.12
9.48
9.85
11.01
9.03
9.34
8.70
7.74
13.64
7.44

10.02
11.19
9.69
9.13
9.52
9.71
11.09
9.13
9.49
8.75
7.75
13.37
7.37

10.06 410.89
456.45
407.55
372.60
414.99
418.55
453.05
360.64
363.91
356.51
298.80
580.37
284.21

415.25
467.63
411.87
370.52
435.67
412.59
457.44
368.38
375.95
357.83
300.89
574.74
287.60

419.09
466.77
400.46
362.06
409.54
398.93
487.74
369.33
377.34
357.57
306.50
613.80
317.69

419.84
475.58
411.83
370.68
420.78
412.68
496.83
370.68
379.60
359.63
313.10
570.90
312.49

426.54

7.80
8.47
8.59
7.66
7.12
6.87
7.33
7.78
6.40
5.87
8.57
8.97

7.91
8.54
8.68
111
7.25
7.15
7.33
7.80
6.45
5.97
8.65
8.91

8.07
8.78
8.90
7.99
7.20
6.97
7.38
8.00
6.91
6.61
8.84
9.33

8.09
8.81
9.01
8.03
7.25
7.06
7.41
8.02
6.88
6.54
8.86
9.29

8.17 309.66
332.87
336.73
311.00
285.51
270.68
298.33
320.54
234.88
193.12
344.51
358.80

316.40
337.33
341.12
324.01
287.83
275.28
297.60
327.60
239.94
211.94
351.19
359.07

319.57
347.69
345.32
317.20
281.52
271.13
289.30
320.00
266.04
239.28
356.25
381.60

321.98
350.64
353.19
320.40
286.38
278.16
293.44
320.80
271.07
251.79
354.40
374.39

325.17

9.26
8.98
7.51
8.47
8.87
6.17
9.77
9.10
10.22
8.25
10.44
8.06
7.58
10.98
10.72
8.63
10.17
10.13
10.25

9.32
9.07
7.54
8.47
8.91
6.22
9.77
9.05
10.26
8.55
10.38
8.57
7.96
11.04
10.68
8.64
10.22
10.16
10.36

9.48
9.04
7.62
8.48
8.95
6.39
9.97
9.16
10.38
8.15
10.37
7.92
7.45
11.09
10.92
8.69
10.25
10.19
10.38

9.52
9.15
7.66
8.51
9.06
6.44
10.02
9.19
10.43
8.34
10.44
8.21
7.53
11.28
11.18
8.65
10.29
10.27
10.34

9.60 375.96
9.21 365.49
308.66
365.90
366.33
241.86
402.52
357.63
435.37
321.75
416.56
305.47
282.73
490.81
512.42
378.86
409.85
396.08
441.78

381.19
372.78
309.14
364.21
364.42
243.82
401.55
362.91
430.92
340.29
429.73
342.80
291.34
496.80
501.96
378.43
413.91
399.29
450.66

382.04
368.83
311.66
361.25
363.37
252.41
406.78
360.90
437.00
330.08
453.17
310.46
298.00
499.05
518.70
378.88
413.08
400.47
443.23

385.56
374.24
314.06
359.97
373.27
256.96
409.82
358.41
441.19
334.43
459.36
321.01
293.67
510.98
536.64
375.41
410.57
397.45
445.65

389.76
378.53

See footnotes at end of table.




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Dec.

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

4.3
7.5
3.2
5.7
3.7
6.4
2.7
3.8

3.9
6.9
2.9
5.7
3.6
5.4
3.2
4.0

4.4
7.0
3.6
5.6
3.3
5.3
2.0
3.7

4.4
7.4
3.4
5.9
3.4
5.8
2.5
3.8

209

41.4
45.3
39.6
44.0
40.6
42.8
39.4
38.6

41.7
45.6
40.0
44.2
41.6
43.8
41.1
39.4

41.2
42.2
40.6
43.8
40.0
42.4
38.2
38.0

41.9
44.8
40.4
44.7
40.6
42.7
39.5
38.5

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

40.9
41.1

40.5
41.1

41.3
40.9

40.3
40.8

39.4

3.7
4.1

3.6
4.0

2.6
2.5

2.6
2.9

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

42.0
43.2
42.7
41.4
40.9
40.1
39.9
40.8
38.4
39.8
42.8
42.7
43.3
43.0
43.4
42.5
43.4
37.9
43.4

42.1
42.8
43.0
42.3
42.0
40.1
39.8
39.3
38.1
42.0
43.4
42.7
43.2
43.0
44.5
42.3
42.9
38.2
43.8

41.2
41.5
42.1
42.6
41.9
39.8
38.9
39.0
39.3
39.5
41.1
42.3
43.6
42.0
43.2
40.4
40.9
37.8
42.5

41.4
41.3
42.1
41.9
42.1
40.3
39.4
39.2
40.2
39.3
42.0
42.4
43.6
41.9
43.4
40.6
41.1
38.3
42.5

41.6

4.6
5.8
4.9
3.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.4
3.4
2.3
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.6
4.1
5.0
5.4
2.7
5.2

4.5
5.8
4.9
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.2
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.0
4.5
4.8
5.0
3.1
5.3

4.2
4.4
4.7
3.6
4.3
3.6
3.0
2.7
4.0
2.0
5.1
4.8
5.3
4.5
4.6
4.0
4.3
2.4
4.4

4.2
4.0
4.6
3.6
4.4
3.8
3.1
2.6
4.3
2.1
5.2
5.5
6.2
5.0
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.5
4.4

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

37.4
36.7
37.7
37.7
37.0
37.2
35.5
35.9
35.0
35.1
35.7
38.5
38.7
37.3
37.8
36.9
39.3
39.9
37.2
40.5
42.4

37.6
37.1
37.4
37.7
37.8
36.3
36.1
35.8
35.0
35.4
36.8
38.2
38.5
36.3
38.3
37.2
39.3
39.9
37.5
39.7
42.2

37.0
36.5
36.6
37.2
36.2
35.3
35.5
36.4
35.1
35.8
35.3
38.6
39.1
35.6
36.8
36.5
39.2
39.6
36.2
40.7
42.7

37.3
37.0
37.0
37.2
35.9
35.8
35.8
36.2
35.0
36.1
35.9
38.4
38.9
35.9
37.7
37.6
39.2
39.7
36.0
39.7
43.5

37.3

2.0
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.6
2.0
1.8
2.9
3.2
1.6
3.7
5.9

2.0
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.4
3.1
1.6
3.2
5.4

1.9
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.1
1.5
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.3
2.9
3.4
1.4
3.6
6.2

2.0
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.9
3.4
1.1
3.3
6.9

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641

43.8
45.7
46.0
44.9
42.5
44.4
41.8
42.3
43.3
43.6
43.7
42.3

44.2
46.0
46.3
44.8
43.0
44.7
42.3
43.1
43.8
43.6
44.2
44.0

43.3
45.2
45.3
44.5
41.7
43.1
40.9
41.7
43.1
42.9
43.9
41.6

43.3
45.2
45.3
44.3
41.7
42.9
41.4
41.7
43.2
43.0
43.8
42.7

43.8

5.4
6.6
6.8
8.1
4.1
4.6
3.2
4.4
5.0
5.2
5.4
4.2

5.5
6.8
7.0
7.3
4.3
4.7
3.8
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.5
4.7

5.3
6.4
6.3
7.3
4.3
4.3
3.5
4.6
4.9
4.9
5.4
3.6

6.5
11.4
12.1
6.7
4.0
4.3
3.3
4.5
4.7
4.7
5.3
3.5

See footnotes at end of table.

130




206
2061-3

2065
207
208
2082
2086

229

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391

2392
2396

2642
2643
265
2651
2653

2654

Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

$375.08
459.34
314.42
406.12
492.48
722.04
371.94
325.40

$378.22
463.75
318.80
409.29
502.11
721.82
390.45
334.11

$381.51
442.68
332.92
402.08
490.00
721.22
372.83
323.38

$387.16
464.13
330.47
413.48
501.82
737.86
388.29
333.80

554.45
702.81

574.90
721.07

582.34
723.38

$567.36

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.06
10.14
7.94
9.23
12.13
16.87
9.44
8.43

$9.07
10.17
7.97
9.26
12.07
16.48
9.50
8.48

$9.26
10.49
8.20
9.18
12.25
17.01
9.76
8.51

$9.24
10.36
8.18
9.25
12.36
17.28
9.83
8.67

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

13.75
17.03

13.69
17.10

13.92
17.63

14.45 $14.40 562.38
699.93
17.73

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.29
7.71
7.87
7.86
6.74
6.64
6.53
6.35
6.60
6.24
7.26
7.66
7.69
7.87
7.50
6.95
6.94
7.05
8.16

7.31
7.70
7.83
7.80
6.69
6.65
6.55
6.29
6.65
6.19
7.33
7.63
7.68
7.85
7.62
6.96
6.93
7.18
8.28

7.45
7.72
8.03
7.98
6.88
6.71
6.63
6.46
6.33
6.54
7.58
7.90
7.89
8.17
7.89
7.15
7.13
7.30
8.46

7.47
7.69
8.03
8.18
6.92
6.73
6.68
6.50
6.34
6.59
7.60
7.96
7.93
8.19
7.82
7.18
7.17
7.27
8.54

7.51 306.18
333.07
336.05
325.40
275.67
266.26
260.55
259.08
253.44
248.35
310.73
327.08
332.98
338.41
325.50
295.38
301.20
267.20
354.14

307.75
329.56
336.69
329.94
280.98
266.67
260.69
247.20
253.37
259.98
318.12
325.80
331.78
337.55
339.09
294.41
297.30
274.28
362.66

306.94
320.38
338.06
339.95
288.27
267.06
257.91
251.94
248.77
258.33
311.54
334.17
344.00
343.14
340.85
288.86
291.62
275.94
359.55

309.26
317.60
338.06
342.74
291.33
271.22
263.19
254.80
254.87
258.99
319.20
337.50
345.75
343.16
339.39
291.51
294.69
278.44
362.95

312.42

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and m»sses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

5.98
6.82
5.48
5.31
5.37
5.48
5.75
5.10
6.09
6.54
5.58
5.57
5.38
6.67
5.37
5.27
5.80
7.22
5.79
6.08
11.14

6.00
6.84
5.52
5.36
5.47
5.53
5.75
5.08
6.12
6.50
5.60
5.58
5.39
6.71
5.39
5.30
5.82
7.25
5.84
6.10
11.21

6.20
6.97
5.62
5.53
5.47
5.59
6.01
5.16
6.45
6.63
5.88
5.78
5.65
6.53
5.50
5.56
6.12
7.42
6.11
6.32
11.38

6.23
7.03
5.68
5.57
5.47
5.63
6.01
5.15
6.44
6.65
5.87
5.77
5.64
6.57
5.55
5.61
6.12
7.51
6.04
6.30
11.68

6.27 223.65
250.29
206.60
200.19
198.69
203.86
204.13
183.09
213.15
229.55
199.21
214.45
208.21
248.79
202.99
194.46
227.94
288.08
215.39
246.24
472.34

225.60
253.76
206.45
202.07
206.77
200.74
207.58
181.86
214.20
230.10
206.08
213.16
207.52
243.57
206.44
197.16
228.73
289.28
219.00
242.17
473.06

229.40
254.41
205.69
205.72
198.01
197.33
213.36
187.82
226.40
237.35
207.56
223.11
220.92
232.47
202.40
202.94
239.90
293.83
221.18
257.22
485.93

232.38
260.11
210.16
207.20
196.37
201.55
215.16
186.43
225.40
240.07
210.73
221.57
219.40
235.86
209.24
210.94
239.90
298.15
217.44
250.11
508.08

233.87

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.49
14.17
14.24
14.59
9.90
11.16
9.37
9.17
9.82
10.21
10.03
9.50

11.53
14.09
14.17
14.47
10.04
11.26
9.49
9.20
9.91
10.37
10.08
9.55

11.67
14.41
14.41
14.60
10.09
11.37
9.64
9.41
10.00
10.44
10.21
9.74

11.70
14.48
14.55
14.59
10.10
11.29
9.63
9.39
10.03
10.49
10.22
9.87

11.78 503.26
647.57
655.04
655.09
420.75
495.50
391.67
387.89
425.21
445.16
438.31
401.85

509.63
648.14
656.07
648.26
431.72
503.32
401.43
396.52
434.06
452.13
445.54
420.20

505.31
651.33
652.77
649.70
420.75
490.05
394.28
392.40
431.00
447.88
448.22
405.18

506.61
654.50
659.12
646.34
421.17
484.34
398.68
391.56
433.30
451.07
447.64
421.45

515.96

See footnotes at end of table.




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275

2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

38.3
34.1
38.6
38.6
37.8
39.9
37.5
39.8
39.8
39.6
42.1
39.2
38.3

38.7
34.2
38.3
40.1
38.7
42.3
37.3
40.0
39.8
39.8
44.1
40.6
39.1

38.1
33.5
38.4
38.2
37.2
39.7
36.7
39.6
39.4
39.7
41.2
39.4
38.9

38.1
34.0
38.1
38.3
37.5
39.5
36.5
39.5
39.5
39.3
41.7
39.2
38.5

38.4

3.4
1.8
3.4
3.4
3.0
4.2
3.2
3.9
3.4
3.9
4.5
3.4
4.1

3.4
1.8
3.4
3.9
3.0
5.4
2.9
3.8
3.5
3.8
5.8
3.8
4.4

3.4
1.5
3.6
3.6
2.6
5.0
2.5
4.0
3.3
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.3

3.2
1.8
3.0
3.0
2.0
4.6
2.4
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.1
3.3
4.0

42.7
43.1
43.5
43.5
44.3
42.7
41.7
41.5
41.6
44.6
41.6
39.8
41.3
44.6
43.7
44.9
42.8
42.0

43.0
43.2
43.4
43.6
44.7
43.0
42.1
42.2
41.7
44.9
42.5
39.4
42.0
45.3
44.8
45.4
43.6
42.3

42.3
43.0
43.1
43.8
44.0
43.9
40.7
40.3
39.5
42.5
40.6
37.4
41.6
44.4
42.5
44.9
44.0
42.3

42.6
43.0
43.0
43.8
44.6
43.3
41.3
41.1
40.4
43.6
40.8
38.6
41.7
44.9
43.0
45.4
43.6
42.5

42.8

4.1
4.3
4.1
4.5
5.0
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
5.6
3.0
2.3
3.2
5.5
6.2
5.3
4.7
3.8

4.2
4.3
4.0
4.4
5.2
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.5
5.6
3.3
2.4
3.0
5.7
6.3
5.5
4.9
3.7

4.2
4.7
4.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
3.1
3.2
2.8
4.8
3.2
1.5
3.6
5.4
5.0
5.5
5.7
3.9

4.1
4.4
4.4
5.0
5.4
4.6
3.6
3.6
2.4
4.3
2.4
1.3
3.3
5.6
4.3
5.9
4.7
3.8

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.1
44.2
44.6

44.5
44.4
45.8

44.7
44.7
45.7

44.1
44.5
43.4

43.8

5.2
4.9
7.1

5.1
4.7
7.5

6.0
5.7
8.1

5.3
5.1
6.7

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

42.0
45.8
42.9

42.4
46.2
44.1

41.6
44.9
41.4

41.9
45.4
40.8

42.2

4.4
6.3
3.3

4.6
6.7
3.7

4.3
6.5
2.3

4.3
6.5
2.5

303,4
306
307

44.6
41.8
41.4

45.3
42.8
41.8

43.8
41.6
41.1

43.8
41.9
41.5

5.1
4.0
4.2

5.3
4.5
4.3

4.3
3.7
4.2

4.1
3.9
4.2

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31

38.4
41.2
38.0
37.1
39.2
40.9
37.4

38.6
42.1
38.2
38.0
38.5
40.5
36.9

37.9
40.8
37.4
37.1
37.3
38.9
37.4

37.6
40.7
36.9
36.5
36.8
39.2
36.8

37.7

2.4
4.0
1.9
1.4
2.7
4.8
3.4

2.3
4.9
1.9
1.6
2.2
3.8
2.2

2.0
3.5
1.6
1.0
2.0
3.0
2.7

2.0
3.9
1.5
.9
2.1
3.8
2.0

39.3

39.2

39.5

39.4

39.6

311

314
3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

45.2

44.0

45.2

46.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

33.2
38.3
40.4

33.6
38.3
38.4

34.6
38.7
40.7

33.8
38.6
38.2

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.2
38.1
39.4

38.4
38.3
39.8

38.7
38.5
40.9

38.4
38.2
40.6

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

41.9

43.3

41.5

41.0

See footnotes at end of table.

132




Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275

2751
2752
276
278
279

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988 P

Nov.
1987

$10.39 $10.43 $10.68 $10.66 $10.72 $397.94
10.24 10.33 10.58 10.62
349.18
10.79 10.71 11.28 11.18
416.49
9.55
9.85
9.38
9.51
367.09
9.17
9.67
8.94
9.11
344.36
10.12 10.04 10.11 10.09
403.79
9.99 10.02
9.87
370.13
9.69
10.67 10.73 10.97 10.95
424.67
10.23 10.36 10.44 10.46
407.15
10.79 10.83 11.15 11.11
427.28
10.83 11.05 10.99 11.04
455.94
8.50
8.49
8.42
8.37
328.10
12.64 12.75 13.08 13.14
484.11

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

$403.64
353.29
410.19
376.14
345.98
424.69
361.44
429.20
412.33
431.03
487.31
341.85
498.53

$406.91
354.43
433.15
376.27
359.72
401.37
366.63
434.41
411.34
442.66
452.79
334.51
508.81

$406.15 $411.65
361.08
425.96
365.77
343.88
398.56
365.73
432.53
413.17
436.62
460.37
333.20
505.89

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

12.61
13.75
13.77
12.82
13.73
12.26
11.95
11.57
11.12
14.43
10.18
9.45
10.98
15.04
15.22
14.99
12.43
11.56

12.79
13.98
13.97
13.22
14.25
12.50
12.21
11.91
11.05
14.77
10.47
9.13
11.34
15.14
14.42
15.31
12.59
11.57

12.87
14.06
14.04
13.26
14.27
12.54
12.40
12.06
11.10
14.83
10.27
9.24
11.45
15.20
14.56
15.35
12.54
11.61

13.02 535.89
591.76
599.00
556.37
605.58
527.35
493.31
476.42
456.77
631.09
423.49
372.13
451.00
673.01
658.56
677.99
522.59
484.26

542.23
594.00
597.62
558.95
613.73
527.18
503.10
488.25
463.70
647.91
432.65
372.33
461.16
681.31
681.86
680.55
541.95
488.99

541.02
601.14
602.11
579.04
627.00
548.75
496.95
479.97
436.48
627.73
425.08
341.46
471.74
672.22
612.85
687.42
553.96
489.41

548.26
604.58
603.72
580.79
636.44
542.98
512.12
495.67
448.44
646.59
419.02
356.66
477.47
682.48
626.08
696.89
546.74
493.43

557.26

2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

12.55
13.73
13.77
12.79
13.67
12.35
11.83
11.48
10.98
14.15
10.18
9.35
10.92
15.09
15.07
15.10
12.21
11.53

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.77
15.90
11.52

14.73
15.79
11.56

15.22
16.44
11.86

15.26
16.41
11.81

15.25 651.36
702.78
513.79

655.49
701.08
529.45

680.33
734.87
542.00

672.97
730.25
512.55

667.95

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

8.98
14.10
6.20

9.04
14.21
6.25

9.20
14.46
6.40

9.22
14.59
6.50

9.29 377.16
645.78
265.98

383.30
656.50
275.63

382.72
649.25
264.96

386.32
662.39
265.20

392.04

303,4
306
307

8.96
8.83
8.36

9.06
8.90
8.42

9.16
8.74
8.60

9.35
8.83
8.59

399.62
369.09
346.10

410.42
380.92
351.96

401.21
363.58
353.46

409.53
369.98
356.49

31
311

6.15
8.24
5.85
6.22
5.57
6.58
5.79

6.16
8.33
5.85
6.22
5.56
6.50
5.76

6.34
8.38
6.07
6.38
5.84
6.18
5.91

6.39
8.50
6.12
6.50
5.87
6.20
5.95

6.33 236.16

237.78
350.69
223.47
236.36
214.06
263.25
212.54

240.29
341.90
227.02
236.70
217.83
240.40
221.03

240.26
345.95
225.83
237.25
216.02
243.04
218.96

238.64

339.49
222.30
230.76
218.34
269.12
216.55

12.21

12.24

12.43

12.50

12.48 479.85

479.81

490.99

492.50

494.21

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284

314

3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

14.39

14.87

14.91

15.11

650.43

654.28

673.93

695.06

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.38
9.02

8.60
9.09

11.62

8.30
9.00
11.53

11.24

8.67
9.26
11.29

278.22
345.47
469.45

278.88
344.70
442.75

297.56
351.78
457.47

293.05
357.44
431.28

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.96
11.16
8.50

11.02
11.25
8.55

11.09

11.13
8.58

11.28
8.94

417.53
424.05
338.05

420.86
427.43
338.30

426.47
433.13
349.70

425.86
430.90
362.96

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.54

15.78

15.94

15.98

651.13

683.27

661.51

655.18

10.93

See footnotes at end of table.




J33

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48

481
483
49
491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514

509

516

517
518

519

Retail trade

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

40.3
41.8
36.1

40.0
41.4
35.9

39.7
41.2
36.1

39.6
41.1
35.8

42.1
41.8
41.4
43.4
42.5

41.9
41.3
41.4
43.0
43.8

41.8
41.6
42.1
42.2
42.4

42.0
42.0
41.8
42.4
42.0

38.2

38.2

38.2

38.0

38.7
38.3
37.3
39.2
36.5
40.8
38.3
38.6
39.0
38.0

38.7
38.7
37.8
39.2
36.5
41.3
38.4
38.5
38.9
38.0

38.7
38.0
37.5
39.7
36.2
40.4
38.1
39.0
39.0
38.3

38.5
37.8
37.0
39.2
36.0
40.5
37.8
38.8
38.8
38.4

37.5
37.1
37.0
37.5
38.1
38.8
38.7
35.8
36.6

37.6
37.2
37.6
37.5
38.1
39.3
38.7
36.0
36.9

37.6
37.0
37.1
37.1
37.9
39.9
38.7
36.1
36.6

37.2
36.6
37.0
36.9
37.9
39.7
38.1
36.0
36.3

29.0

29.3

29.1

28.8

36.3
38.0
33.2

36.7
38.6
32.8

36.3
38.3
32.6

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.4
38.4
32.8

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

27.4
27.0
29.3
29.0

28.8
28.3
31.1
31.1

27.5
27.2
28.8
29.4

27.4
27.0
29.0
29.2

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

30.0
30.2
27.5

29.8
29.9
28.0

30.0
30.1
29.1

29.9
30.0
28.9

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.5
37.3
39.0
34.1

36.2
37.1
38.5
33.8

36.4
37.2
38.9
34.1

36.2
37.2
38.3
33.8

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.5
28.5
25.0
27.0
27.5

27.5
30.5
25.8
28.0
28.3

27.0
28.8
25.2
27.0
28.5

26.8
28.4
24.7
27.1
28.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

33.0
33.2
34.1
32.3

33.5
33.5
34.2
33.4

33.0
33.7
33.4
31.7

32.6
33.5
33.6
30.9

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.6

25.5

25.8

25.4

See footnotes at end of table.

134




Average overtime hours
Dec.
1988P

38.2

29.3

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1988P

$12.58 $12.64 $12.91 $12.96
13.68
13.38
13.64
13.36
11.89
11.15
10.93
11.78

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$506.97 $505.60 $512.53 $513.22
558.45 553.93 561.97 562.25
394.57 400.29 425.26 425.66

14.07
14.10
13.31
16.60
10.39

14.03
14.05
13.25
16.51
10.59

14.59
14.59
13.67
17.37
11.25

14.69
14.83
13.68
17.25
11.32

592.35
589.38
551.03
720.44
441.58

587.86
580.27
548.55
709.93
463.84

609.86
606.94
575.51
733.01
477.00

616.98
622.86
571.82
731.40
475.44

9.72

9.73

10.08

10.05 $10.13 371.30

371.69

385.06

381.90

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.92
8.93
8.93
9.43
9.73
10.53
10.38
9.36
10.58
7.89

9.90
8.98
8.88
9.47
9.63
10.53
10.27
9.31
10.56
7.89

10.35
9.31
9.55
9.87
9.64
10.74
10.76
9.67
11.10
8.13

10.27
9.25
9.42
9.83
9.25
10.61
10.76
9.54
11.02
8.11

383.90
342.02
333.09
369.66
355.15
429.62
397.55
361.30
412.62
299.82

383.13
347.53
335.66
371.22
351.50
434.89
394.37
358.44
410.78
299.82

400.55
353.78
358.13
391.84
348.97
433.90
409.96
377.13
432.90
311.38

395.40
349.65
348.54
385.34
333.00
429.71
406.73
370.15
427.58
311.42

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
516
519

9.44
10.30
11.01
9.15
9.60
12.23
9.56
11.01
7.69

9.48
10.24
10.91
9.19
9.62
12.15
9.67
11.23
7.76

10.68
11.21
9.39
9.85
12.31
9.80
11.31
8.01

9.71
10.66
11.20
9.40
9.88
12.27
9.75
11.30
7.96

354.00
382.13
407.37
343.13
365.76
474.52
369.97
394.16
281.45

356.45
380.93
410.22
344.63
366.52
477.50
374.23
404.28
286.34

364.34
395.16
415.89
348.37
373.32
491.17
379.26
408.29
293.17

361.21
390.16
414.40
346.86
374.45
487.12
371.48
406.80
288.95

6.18

6.19

6.38

6.43

179.22

181.37

185.66

185.18

Retail trade

Dec.
1988P

6.40

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.18
7.51
6.03

7.20
7.59
6.04

7.49
7.88
6.25

7.51
7.91
6.24

261.35
288.38
197.78

261.36
288.42
200.53

274.88
304.17
205.00

272.61
302.95
203.42

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.50
6.81
4.82
5.04

6.57
6.90
4.99
4.96

6.70
7.01
5.07
5.39

6.65
6.96
5.09
5.33

178.10
183.87
141.23
146.16

189.22
195.27
155.19
154.26

184.25
190.67
146.02
158.47

182.21
187.92
147.61
155.64

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.04
7.19
5.74

6.89
7.04
5.81

7.03
7.13
6.06

7.25
7.37
6.05

211.20
217.14
157.85

205.32
210.50
162.68

210.90
214.61
176.35

216.78
221.10
174.85

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.82
9.44
6.81
5.60

7.86
9.48
6.80
5.68

8.32
10.12
7.20
5.86

8.24
9.98
7.15
5.84

285.43
352.11
265.59
190.96

284.53
351.71
261.80
191.98

302.85
376.46
280.08
199.83

298.29
371.26
273.85
197.39

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.62
6.64
5.25
5.45
5.85

5.61
6.62
5.26
5.41
5.84

5.85
7.03
5.56
5.69
5.98

5.85
7.10
5.53
5.70
5.99

148.93
189.24
131.25
147.15
160.88

154.28
201.91
135.71
151.48
165.27

157.95
202.46
140.11
153.63
170.43

156.78
201.64
136.59
154.47
170.12

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.59
7.72
7.66
7.35

7.71
7.76
7.65
7.64

7.94
8.08
7.96
7.68

7.96
8.09
8.03
7.70

250.47
256.30
261.21
237.41

258.29
259.96
261.63
255.18

262.02
272.30
265.86
243.46

259.50
271.02
269.81
237.93

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.48

4.51

4.63

4.66

114.69

115.01

119.45

118.36

$386.97

187.52

See footnotes at end of table.




135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

.....

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

30.0
28.2
27.9
33.5
39.6
31.7

31.0
28.5
29.8
35.1
39.3
32.4

30.0
27.5
28.7
32.7
39.8
31.7

29.8
27.5
28.1
33.0
39.2
31.5

36.3

36.0

36.0

35.7

60
602

36.3
36.3

35.8
35.8

36.0
36.0

35.5
35.4

61
612
614

36.7
36.1
36.4

36.1
35.5
36.4

36.7
36.0
36.2

36.1
35.6
36.1

63
631
632
633

37.3
37.0
37.8
37.3

37.2
36.7
38.1
37.1

37.3
37.0
37.8
36.9

37.1
36.8
38.1
36.7

32.5

32.4

32.7

32.5

59
591
594
596
598

599

5

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

Average weekly hours

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

31.2

29.8

32.0

30.6

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.1
29.5

34.2
29.7

34.5
30.1

34.3
29.7

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.6
36.8
28.8
37.4

33.6
36.7
28.7
37.3

33.8
37.0
29.8
38.2

33.8
36.4
29.7
38.0

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.4
38.0

36.5
38.4

37.0
38.1

36.7
38.0

76

37.5

38.4

38.1

38.0

78
781

29.0
37.1

29.4
38.2

28.3
36.0

28.8
35.7

79

28.2

28.0

27.8

27.9

80
801
802
805
806

32.4
31.0
28.7
31.7
34.1

32.3
30.8
28.7
31.5
34.0

32.4
31.4
28.6
31.7
33.8

32.3
31.2
28.6
31.5
33.8

81

34.5

34.2

34.8

34.4

89
891
893

38.2
39.4
36.5

38.3
39.6
36.7

38.1
39.3
36.6

37.9
39.1
36.4

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.

136




Average overtime hours
Dec.
1988P

35.8

32.6

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987
$190.80
167.51
164.05
239.53
365.51
207.00

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$196.23 $199.50 $197.87
169.01 172.98 173.25
174.03 177.65 172.82
253.77 243.62 245.52
363.13 371.33 367.70
209.63 216.83 214.52

$6.36
5.94
5.88
7.15
9.23
6.53

$6.33
5.93
5.84
7.23
9.24
6.47

$6.65
6.29
6.19
7.45
9.33
6.84

$6.64
6.30
6.15
7.44
9.38
6.81

8.89

8.81

9.29

9.27

$9.28 322.71

317.16

334.44

330.94 $332.22

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.66
7.41

7.62
7.37

7.94
7.66

7.91
7.62

278.06
268.98

272.80
263.85

285.84
275.76

280.81
269.75

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

8.08
7.63
7.58

8.00
7.59
7.55

8.52
8.04
7.94

8.43
7.94
7.92

296.54
275.44
275.91

288.80
269.45
274.82

312.68
289.44
287.43

304.32
282.66
285.91

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

9.74
9.13
9.56
10.21

9.74
9.16
9.51
10.26

10.41
9.82
10.11
10.97

10.38
9.79
10.05
10.95

363.30
337.81
361.37
380.83

362.33
336.17
362.33
380.65

388.29
363.34
382.16
404.79

385.10
360.27
382.91
401.87

8.71

8.73

9.07

9.09

9.13 283.08

282.85

296.59

295.43

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.35

6.46

6.45

6.48

198.12

192.51

206.40

198.29

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.22
6.44

6.27
6.71

6.36
6.76

6.42
6.81

212.10
189.98

214.43
199.29

219.42
203.48

220.21
202.26

73
731
734
737

8.93
12.44
6.75
12.53

8.93
12.31
6.75
12.49

9.25
12.67
6.89
13.06

9.25
12.54
6.86
13.21

300.05
457.79
194.40
468.62

300.05
451.78
193.73
465.88

312.65
468.79
205.32
498.89

312.65
456.46
203.74
501.98

75
753

7.94
8.56

7.99
8.57

8.29
8.95

8.32
8.99

289.02
325.28

291.64
329.09

306.73
341.00

305.34
341.62

76

9.36

9.50

9.61

9.62

351.94

364.80

366.14

365.56

78
781

12.62
16.68

12.47
16.38

12.05
15.79

12.32
16.14

365.98
618.83

366.62
625.72

341.02
568.44

354.82
576.20

79

7.42

7.58

7.70

7.95

209.24

212.24

214.06

221.81

80
801
802
805
806

8.89
8.59
8.57
6.09
10.10

8.92
8.61
8.69
6.12
10.12

9.43
8.98
9.02
6.48
10.75

9.45
8.94
9.02
6.49
10.79

288.04
266.29
245.96
193.05
344.41

288.12
265.19
249.40
192.78
344.08

305.53
281.97
257.97
205.42
363.35

305.24
278.93
257.97
204.44
364.70

81

12.38

12.27

13.12

12.93

427.11

419.63

456.58

444.79

89
891
893

12.41
13.21
10.70

12.32
13.15
10.54

12.93
13.61
11.28

12.78
13.54
10.96

474.06
520.47
390.55

471.86
520.74
386.82

492.63
534.87
412.85

484.36
529.41
398.94

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Dec.
1988P

297.64

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

137

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

C-2a. Average hourly earnings In aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$13.81

$13.95

$14.44

$14.55

$13.09

$13.26

$13.70

$13.80

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.13

14.26

15.07

13.32

13.50

14.06

14.17

preliminary.

138




p

14.96

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
• Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

$9.54

$9.59

$9.76

$9.81

$9.87

10.04
8.09
7.43
9.72

10.09
8.06
7.47
9.73
11.40
9.68
10.30
9.60
12.57
9.43
7.64

10.26
8.36
7.75
9.93
11.45
9.81
10.52
9.75
12.74
9.68
7.78

10.31
8.31
7.72
9.99

10.36

10.60
9.81
12.82
9.64
7.81

8.89
8.61

9.05
8.56

9.08
8.66

13.11
6.93
5.84

13.50

10.86
9.98
12.02
13.94
8.58
5.98

11.00
10.23
12.18

14.00
7.11
6.07
10.89
10.23
12.28

11.34
9.60

10.28
9.58
12.51
9.44
7.51
8.84
8.52
13.17
6.91
5.83
10.82
9.96
11.97

13.94
8.54
5.96

7.09
6.04

14.26
8.74
6.17

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

11.48
9.83

$9.16

14.40
8.77

6.22

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are
subject to revision.

I39

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers'on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.13
4.87

$9.13
4.87

$9.45
4.84

$9.45
4.84

$9.45

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.54
6.69

12.60
6.72

12.72
6.52

12.80
6.55

$12.84

534.20
284.91

543.06
289.79

543.14
278.25

536.32
274.47

$540.56

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.83
6.84

12.81
6.84

13.13
6.73

13.04
6.67

$13.15

475.99
253.86

481.66
257.02

512.07
262.33

491.61
251.59

$489.18

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.01
5.34

10.07
5.37

10.24
5.25

10.30
5.27

$10.37

414.41
221.02

420.93
224.62

422.91
216.66

427.45
218.76

$433.47

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.21
6.51

12.24
6.53

12.43
6.37

12.50
6.40

$12.48

479.85
255.92

479.81
256.04

490.99
251.53

492.50
252.05

$494.21

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.72
5.18

9.73
5.19

10.08
5.16

10.05
5.14

$10.13

371.30
198.03

371.69
198.34

385.06
197.26

381.90
195.45

$386.97

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.18
3.30

6.19
3.30

6.38
3.27

6.43
3.29

$6.40

179.22
95.58

181.37
96.78

185.66
95.11

185.18
94.77

$187.52

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.89
4.74

8.81
4.70

9.29
4.76

9.27
4.74

$9.28

322.71
172.11

317.16
169.24

334.44
171.33

330.94
169.37

$332.22

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.71
4.65

8.73
4.66

9.07
4.65

9.09
4.65

$9.13

283.08
150.98

282.85
150.93

296.59
151.94

295.43
151.19

$297.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

140




Nov.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Dec.
1988P

$317.72 $317.72 $329.81 $327.92 $329.81
169.45 169.54 168.96 167.82

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Industry

Dec.
Total private

1988

1987

34.6

Jan.

34.7

Feb.

34.8

Mar.

34.6

Apr.

34.9

May

34.7

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.p

Dec.p

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.7

34.9

34.8

34.7

0

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.4
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.4
44.0
41.8
42.7
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.8
39.1

41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2

41.2
3.9
42.0
4.2
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.5
39.7
42.1
43.4
44.0
41.7
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.2

41.0
3.9
41.6
4.1
40.0
39.0
42.1
43.5
44.0
41.8
42.4
40.8
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.2

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.0
39.9
39.6
42.3
44.0
44.6
42.0
42.7
41.0
43.3
44.5
41.6
39.2

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.8
44.3
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.3
44.2
41.9
39.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.4
41.0
43.4
44.8
41.5
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.6
39.3
42.1
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.4
40.7
43.0
43.9
41.4
39.0

40.3
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.5
37.1
43.3
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6

40.3
3.8
40.6

40.1
3.6

40.1

40.2
3.7
40.5

40.1
3.6
40.4
(2)
41.1

40.2
3.7
40.3

40.2
3.8
40.6
(2)
41.0

40.2
3.7
40.6

40.0
3.7
40.5

(2)
41.0
37.0
43.0
37.8
42.4
(2)
41.7

(2)
41.0
36.8
42.9
37.7
42.3

38.0

38.0

40.3
3.6
40.1
(2)
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3

40.0
3.6
40.1

(2)
41.5
36.8
43.4
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7

40.2
3.6
40.3
(2)
41.6
37.0
43.3

40.1

38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6

(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7

37.8

37.9

(2)
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0

3.6
40.3
(2)
40.7
36.9
43.2

39.1

39.5

39.1

38.8

38.0

38.1

38.2

38.1

(2)
41.6

37.0

37.6

37.5

37.9

37.5

37.1

39.3

39.5

39.3

39.4

39.4

39.3

39.5

38.0

37.9

38.2

37.8

38.1

38.1

38.0

38.0

29.0

29.1

29.3

29.0

28.9

29.2

29.0

28.9

32.5

32.5

32.7

32.4

32.6

32.8

32.6

32.7

(2)
41.6

37.3

36.9

39.4
29.2

Retail trade

28.8

29.0

29.1

29.0

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.4

36.8
43.2

41.5

(2)
41.7

38.3

Wholesale trade

36.8
43.2
38.0
42.1
(2)

(2)
41.1
37.1
43.3
38.1

38.0
42.5
(2)
41.5

38.0
42.4

39.5

Transportation and public utilities

(2)
41.1
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.6

42.1

(2)
41.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.7

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1987

1988

Industry

Nov.p

Dec.1

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Total private

122.5

123.0

123.9

123.6

125.1

124.4

125.4

126.4

125.5

126.0

127.1

127.0

127.1

Goods-producing

101.3

100.5

101.1

101.6

102.7

102.1

103.2

103.3

102.8

103.1

104.0

104.4

103.7

84.0

81.7

82.5

83.2

85.9

84.4

85.0

85.6

83.5

82.8

83.5

80.7

80.5

137.7

132.1

136.0

139.1

141.1

139.3

144.0

142.4

142.5

143.4

145.3

147.2

144.1

95.0

95.2

95.2

95.2

96.1

95.7

96.1

96.5

96.0

96.3

96.9

97.2

97.0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

92.5
103.7
114.0

92.7

94.6
101.7
114.2
87.5

95.6
104.7
114.8

106.2
114.4

87.3
66.4

53.9
90.9
90.0
102.2
97.5

53.9
90.8
90.2
101.8
97.3
85.7
105.0

102.3
112.0
87.5
68.7
54.8

95.2
104.8

86.5
66.5

94.3
103.8
113.4
88.1
68.6
55.4
92.8
91.6

94.8
103.9

113.7

92.7
103.6
113.2

94.2

103.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

98.7
101.3
76.4
82.5
85.9

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

88.3

66.6
54.1
90.7

89.3
101.8
97.1
84.6
103.9
83.6

101.2
133.7

84.7
106.0
83.4

84.8

99.0
102.2
77.2
82.5
85.1
101.6
134.9

99.0
101.7
75.8
82.7
85.5
101.5

92.7

94.0

93.9

103.1
112.3
87.5

104.7

103.2

113.2
88.3

66.9
54.1
90.8
90.4
101.9
96.8

67.6
54.8
91.8
91.5
100.0
89.8

113.7
87.5
68.1
54.6
92.1
91.6
102.3
100.2
89.9

106.5
85.0

106.1
83.9

84.8
105.2
84.5

98.8
100.9
74.8
81.7
85.7
101.3




98.4

98.9

100.5
71.0
80.6
84.7
101.5

101.4

97.1

134.9
97.4

84.9
122.9

85.3
123.1

136.4
98.8
86.8
123.4

136.6
98.7
86.6

101.4
136.5

97.4
86.3

97.1
84.5

120.9

121.0

57.0

57.5

57.2

56.9

55.5

55.5

134.2

135.5

136.4

135.8

137.4

111.0

112.6

111.8

111.2

121.3

122.2

123.1

122.2

124.0

125.2

155.6

141.3
156.5

141.6
158.0

100.0
90.3
106.6
84.5

99.1

97.4
86.3
120.1

139.6

103.0

92.7
93.7
103.1
99.7
88.2
108.2
85.1

101.0
73.8
82.2
86.2

136.0
97.9
83.5
121.8

135.5

71.4
80.2
84.8
101.7

99.1
100.6
73.7
81.2
84.7

101.9

114.2
88.3

88.6

92.6
92.6
102.8

93.2
103.1

99.9

100.2
91.4
107.9
84.2

100.7

98.7
100.1
69.1
80.4
84.5
101.4

99.4
102.7
83.9

99.7
103.3
72.7
80.2
84.9

101.3

101.0

137.5

137.2
99.3
86.1
125.8

137.0

90.9

107.7
84.2
98.7
100.2
72.0
79.9
83.9
101.9
137.0

70.1
55.1
93.6
93.7
103.4

89.1
70.0
54.8
94.4
94.2
103.7
101.1
93.2
108.5
83.9

69.7
55.0
93.1

91.9
109.5
83.1

69.7
80.2

69.7
54.5
94.2

94.6
102.8
100.3

91.1
108.8
84.4
99.3
102.5
68.7
80.2
84.6
100.6

98.7
86.6

98.4
86.1

124.8

124.2

123.9

137.6
99.7
87.3
124.7

54.9

55.5

56.0

55.8

56.4

55.8

55.7

136.8

137.8

139.1

138.1

138.7

139.9

139.6

140.0

113.5

113.5

113.8

114.7

114.5

114.6

115.0

115.2

115.6

123.6

124.8

124.4

124.9

126.3

125.4

126.9

127.4

127.6

128.3

124.8

126.0

125.1

126.2

127.3

126.2

125.7

127.2

126.6

126.4

142.1

140.0

140.6

141.2

140.4

139.8

161.5

160.7

163.5

163.2

164.5

139.6
157.2

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

142

102.8

115.1
88.0
69.0
55.3

95.4

141.1
159.0

140.1
158.3

140.1
160.0

162.0

99.2

84.9
125.5

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1
on private nonagrlcultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988

1987
Industry
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.p

Dec.p

Hourly Earnings Indeed 977=100)
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

175.7

176.6

176.7

177.0

178.0

178.7

178.6

179.3

179.5

180.3

181.5

181.4

181.7

(3)
155.4
176.6
178.2
(3)
162.7
(3)
185.2

(3)
157.6
176.8
178.3
(3)
163.4
(3)
186.5

(3)
156.8
177.0
179.1
(3)
163.4
(3)
186.3

(3)
157.5
177.3
179.4
(3)
163.8
(3)
186.9

(3)
157.8
177.9
180.6
(3)
164.8
(3)
188.3

(3)
157.5
178.4
181.6
(3)
165.4
(3)
189.9

(3)
157.8
178.8
181.0
(3)
165.7
(3)
189.4

(3)
158.8
178.8
181.5
(3)
166.8
(3)
190.8

(3)
158.6
179.3
181.9
(3)
166.7
(3)
190.9

)
159.3
180.0
182.0
(3)
167.1

()
159.2
180.5
183.1
(3)
168.4

()
159.3
180.7
182.9
(3)
168.9

159.9
180.9
182.8

191.9

194.0

193.3

193.9

93.7

93.8

93.7

93.5

93.6

93.6

93.2

93.2

92.9

93.0

93.1

92.9

ft

$9.11

$9.14

$9.13

$9.16

$9.23

$9.27

$9.27

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

168.2

ft

Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

$12.74 $12.91 $12.82 $12.90 $12.93 $12.91 $12.93
10.01
10.03
10.05
10.11
10.15
10.02
10.18
12.16
12.19
12.21
12.29
12.35
12.14
12.33
9.69
9.72
9.76
9.88
9.88
9.75
9.86
6.19
6.20
6.22
6.25
6.28
6.20
6.29
8.84
8.91
8.90
8.99
9.08
8.92
9.00
8.67
8.72
8.75
8.81
8.88
8.72
8.86

$9.43
$9.32
$9.32 $9.37
$9.42 $9.44
(3)
(3)
ft
ft
$13.03 $12.99 $13.04 $13.03
$13.01 $13.08
10.20
10.17
10.28
10.26
10.29
10.31
12.39
12.37
12.43
12.37
12.41
12.41
9.93
9.97
10.13
10.01
10.04
10.09
6.32
6.33
6.37
6.34
6.42
6.40
9.09
9.10
9.36
9.18
9.26
9.33
8.93
8.92
9.06
8.99
9.03
9.07

ft

ft

Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

315.21 317.16 317.72 316.94 322.13 321.67 321.67 325.27 322.47 325.14 329.11 327.82 327.57
168.02 168.43 168.46 167.43 169.36 168.41 167.89 169.06 166.82 167.68 168.86 167.94
ft

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical




Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision. Beginning with the February 1989 issue, the Hourly Earnings Index
series will no longer be published in Employment and Earnings. For further
information, see "Employment Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings
Index," Monthly Labor Review, July 1988, pp. 32-35.

143

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours

State and area

Average hourly earnings

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.7
41.7
40.1

41.4
41.8
40.2

41.5
41.2
40.8

$8.85
9.08
10.40

$9.07
9.13
10.52

Alaska

39.9

43.5

46.1

12.82

13.00

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$9.11
9.16

Average weekly earnings

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$369.04
378.64
417.04

$375.50
381.63
422.90

$378.06
377.39
436.97

511.52

565.50

575.33

10.71
12.48
Arizona

40.5

40.8

41.3

9.98

9.93

404.19

405.14

411.76

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.0
42.5
41.0
41.5
43.1

41.2
42.8
40.8
41.7
43.1

40.4
41.6
40.6
41.0
42.6

7.92
7.30
8.55
8.48
10.60

8.12
7.21
8.71
8.54
10.56

9.97
8.08
7.30
8.63
8.52
10.76

324.72
310.25
350.55
351.92
456.86

334.54
308.59
355.37
356.12
455.14

326.43
303.68
350.38
349.32
458.38

California

41.0

V)

10.88

V)

V)

446.08

0)

Colorado
Denver

40.8
40.5

40.6
40.0

40.6
40.3

10.11
10.40

10.25
10.83

10.32
10.92

412.49
421.20

416.15
433.20

418.99
440.08

Connecticut

42.0
41.3
42.0
40.2
40.2
43.2

41.8
41.3
42.3
41.8
39.3
43.8

42.2
41.8
42.5
42.2
39.3
44.5

10.63
11.01
10.75
10.13
11.41
9.14

10.78
11.21
11.46
10.35
12.16
10.02

10.89
11.29
11.59
10.30
12.19
10.09

446.46
454.71
451.50
407.23
458.68
394.85

450.60
462.97
484.76
432.63
477.89
438.88

459.56
471.92
492.58
434.66
479.07
449.01

Delaware
Wilmington

39.8
41.3

39.8
40.3

40.6
42.0

10.79
12.92

10.38
13.06

10.32
12.77

429.44
533.60

413.12
526.32

418.99
536.34

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

38.5

39.9

39.6

11.00

11.40

11.48

423.50

454.86

454.61

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

41.3
42.9
41.8
40.0
40.5
43.3
40.1
42.8

40.9
40.9
40.9
39.9
39.9
42.1
40.7
40.3

41.3
41.5
40.3
40.4
39.8
43.2
41.1
42.6

8.24
8.20
8.89
7.03
8.72
11.06
7.73
9.31

8.54
8.44
9.14
7.31
9.07
10.71
8.35
9.38

8.53
8.45
9.14
7.29
9.03
10.85
8.32
9.64

340.31
351.78
371.60
281.20
353.16
478.90
309.97
398.47

349.29
345.20
373.83
291.67
361.89
450.89
339.85
378.01

352.29
350.68
368.34
294.52
359.39
468.72
341.95
410.66

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.8
42.2
47.0

41.4
40.6
48.5

41.6
41.1
47.7

8.63
10.15
11.06

8.69
10.20
11.45

8.72
10.26
11.39

360.73
428.33
519.82

359.77
414.12
555.33

362.75
421.69
543.30

Hawaii

40.5
39.7

40.2
39.7

40.9
41.5

9.53
9.79

9.89
10.10

9.83
10.04

385.97
388.66

397.58
400.97

402.05
416.66

38.2

37.7

37.7

9.80

9.99

9.87

374.36

376.62

372.10

42.1
42.8
41.6
41.6
43.1
40.8
41.9
41.5
41.2
45.6
41.6
42.5

41.2
42.5
39.0
39.3
42.0
38.8
42.6
41.7
41.0
47.5
42.3
43.5

41.5
42.9
40.3
41.3
42.3
40.3
43.4
41.2
42.3
46.0
43.4
43.3

10.87
10.67
10.90
9.29
10.69
12.81
14.18
11.78
11.22
13.26
11.29
11.85

11.08
10.71
11.46
9.23
10.78
12.91
14.46
12.02
11.67
13.55
11.36
12.14

11.07
10.81
11.34
9.34
10.81
12.93
14.60
12.03
11.76
13.58
11.44
11.97

457.63
456.68
453.44
386.46
460.74
522.65
594.14
488.87
462.26
604.66
469.66
503.63

456.50
455.18
446.94
362.74
452.76
500.91
616.00
501.23
478.47
643.63
480.53
528.09

459.41
463.75
457.00
385.74
457.26
521.08
633.64
495.64
497.45
624.68
496.50
518.30

42.3

42.1

42.2

11.20

11.44

11.49

473.76

481.62

484.88

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana

See footnotes at end of table.

144




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

41.9
41.0
43.0
39.1
31.9

$10.64
11.99
11.98
11.53
8.50

$10.61
12.33
11.79
11.87
8.12

41.1
41.1
41.9

40.9
41.9
41.6

10.03
11.89
10.65

41.5
40.9
43.4

40.3
39.4
41.4

40.8
40.3
42.5

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.3
43.5
40.7
39.5

42.7
42.1
41.3
41.1

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

41.9
40.0
43.2

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

$10.78
12.57
11.79
11.67
8.06

$447.94
487.99
506.75
500.40
346.80

$443.50
512.93
497.54
509.22
263.09

$451.68
515.37
506.97
456.30
257.11

10.37
11.56
10.95

10.40
11.76
11.14

410.23
513.65
435.59

426.21
475.12
458.81

425.36
492.74
463.42

10.11
10.43
11.68

10.19
10.36
11.65

10.25
10.53
11.79

419.57
426.59
506.91

410.66
408.18
482.31

418.20
424.36
501.08

43.4
43.5
41.1
42.4

10.66
12.15
10.50
11.50

10.96
12.93
10.66
11.67

11.04
12.45
10.87
12.01

450.92
528.53
427.35
454.25

467.99
544.35
440.26
479.64

479.14
541.58
446.76
509.22

40.3
39.5
41.9

39.5
38.6
39.2

8.85
7.52
9.01

9.19
8.26
9.43

9.45
8.25
9.78

370.82
300.80
389.23

370.36
326.27
395.12

373.28
318.45
383.38

40.5
41.7

41.6
42.0

41.9
42.1

10.12
11.05

10.53
11.31

10.68
11.43

409.86
460.79

438.05
475.02

447.49
481.20

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.9
41.0
42.4
40.4

41.0
41.4
42.7
40.9

41.4
41.6
42.8
41.3

10.04
10.85
9.37
10.06

10.46
11.10
9.89
10.61

10.44
11.11
9.86
10.63

410.64
444.85
397.29
406.42

428.86
459.54
422.30
433.95

432.22
462.18
422.01
439.02

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.9
46.1
43.0
44.0
41.4
40.7
43.1
42.1
40.9
42.9

43.5
46.7
43.1
44.3
45.4
41.2
42.6
42.9
40.9
43.4

44.3
47.5
43.5
44.8
45.8
41.8
43.1
44.3
41.4
44.8

13.10
14.28
13.67
14.10
15.73
11.13
12.59
13.92
11.85
14.65

13.35
14.60
14.59
14.39
16.77
11.51
12.58
14.37
11.96
15.04

13.44
14.69
14.67
14.51
16.93
11.45
12.71
14.56
12.05
15.31

561.99
658.31
587.81
620.40
651.22
452.99
542.63
586.03
484.66
628.48

580.72
681.82
628.83
637.48
761.36
474.21
535.91
616.47
489.16
652.74

595.39
697.77
638.14
650.05
775.39
478.61
547.80
645.01
498.87
685.89

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.8
37.1
40.8
39.3

41.2
38.8
40.8
37.4

40.8
36.5
40.7
36.8

10.41
10.70
11.11
9.95

10.62
11.22
11.28
10.00

10.63
11.22
11.27
9.96

424.73
396.97
453.29
391.04

437.54
435.34
460.22
374.00

433.70
409.53
458.69
366.53

Mississippi
Jackson

40.8
40.9

40.7
40.8

40.9
41.0

7.64
8.75

7.91
8.71

7.93
8.78

311.71
357.88

321.94
355.37

324.34
359.98

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.1
41.5
41.6
40.1

41.3
41.8
41.8
40.9

41.2
41.3
41.7
40.4

10.07
11.24
11.70
8.46

10.16
11.62
11.75
8.39

10.22
11.41
11.89
8.49

413.88
466.46
486.72
339.25

419.61
485.72
491.15
343.15

421.06
471.23
495.81
343.00

Montana

38.5

40.2

40.0

10.34

10.55

10.72

398.09

424.11

428.80

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.4
41.1
41.2

40.9
40.1
42.0

40.5
39.8
40.9

9.43
10.19
10.05

9.54
9.98
10.36

9.65
9.98
10.63

390.40
418.81
414.06

390.19
400.20
435.12

390.83
397.20
434.77

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.6
39.8

39.0
40.8

39.8
41.0

9.82
12.18

10.43
13.14

10.17
12.65

398.69
484.76

406.77
536.11

404.77
518.65

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

41.5
41.7
40.9

39.8
40.0
41.0

39.8
40.0
42.1

9.51
11.57
9.07

9.92
12.48
9.27

9.91
12.30
9.34

394.67
482.47
370.96

394.82
499.20
380.07

394.42
492.00
393.21

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.1
40.7
42.3
43.4
40.8

41.8
41.6
42.2
42.9
32.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.9
43.2
40.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

See footnotes at end of table.




145

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$10.91

$441.41

$447.99

$449.49

8.72
9.53

8.92
9.56

351.25
364.00

349.67
382.15

361.26
381.44

10.18
10.65
9.34
11.91
9.57
10.79
9.68
9.46
13.21
7.97
9.58
12.20
10.36
11.34
9.48
11.21

10.55
11.32
9.80
12.40
9.63
11.44

9.75
11.40

10.59
11.38
9.74
12.51
9.88
11.46
10.04
9.79
13.85
8.52
10.17
12.33
10.92
12.33
9.77
11.69

412.29
434.52
382.94
502.60
403.85
431.60
362.03
350.02
562.75
311.63
386.07
527.04
400.93
487.62
407.64
456.25

423.06
461.86
397.88
541.88
401.57
455.31
373.63
363.82
582.58
321.38
417.13
540.71
382.98
505.78
405.60
457.14

428.90
476.82
391.55
551.69
422.86
460.69
377.50
363.21
596.94
333.98
421.04
540.05
411.68
521.56
417.18
492.15

40.9
41.9
41.1
40.5
41.6

7.93
8.08
8.28
8.70
9.03

8.19
8.31
8.52
8.98
9.17

8.22
8.31
8.59
9.01
9.21

331.47
349.86
350.24
358.44
388.29

334.15
347.36
349.32
361.89
381.47

336.20
348.19
353.05
364.91
383.14

39.9
40.5

39.0
39.8

8.45
8.71

8.42
8.61

8.40
8.43

333.78
351.01

335.96
348.71

327.60
335.51

43.2
43.1
42.1
43.3
43.8
42.3
42.7
42.8
42.4

43.3
42.8
42.9
43.0
43.4
41.7
44.3
44.4
43.0

43.8
42.8
42.8
43.2
44.0
41.7
44.6
45.3
43.5

11.84
11.24
11.30
11.02
11.66
11.46
12.01
12.81
13.37

12.08
11.42
11.51
11.26
11.93
11.66
12.95
13.19
13.63

12.18
11.60
11.47
11.29
12.01
11.64
13.04
13.49
13.66

511.49
484.44
475.73
477.17
510.71
484.76
512.83
548.27
566.89

523.06
488.78
493.78
484.18
517.76
486.22
573.69
585.64
586.09

533.48
496.48
490.92
487.73
528.44
485.39
581.58
611.10
594.21

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

41.7
41.0
42.1

41.5
42.9
42.3

41.5
43.6
42.4

10.22
11.21
10.83

10.60
11.89
10.69

10.72
11.89
10.69

426.17
459.61
455.94

439.90
510.08
452.19

444.88
518.40
453.26

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

39.7
40.7
40.0
37.8

40.3
39.7
40.3
40.2

39.2
39.2
40.1
37.9

10.63
10.80
10.82
9.14

10.66
10.63
10.86
8.66

10.70
10.53

422.01
439.56
432.80
345.49

429.60
422.01
437.66
348.13

419.44
412.78
435.89
337.31

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

New Jersey

41.8

41.1

41.2

$10.56

$10.90

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.6
40.0

40.1
40.1

40.5
39.9

8.87
9.10

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.5
40.8
41.0
42.2
42.2
40.0
37.4
37.0
42.6
39.1
40.3
43.2
38.7
43.0
43.0
40.7

40.1
40.8
40.6
43.7
41.7
39.8
37.4
37.2
42.4
37.5
41.3
43.5
35.2
41.8
41.6
40.1

40.5
41.9
40.2
44.1
42.8
40.2
37.6
37.1
43.1
39.2
41.4
43.8
37.7
42.3
42.7
42.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

41.8
43.3
42.3
41.2
43.0

40.8
41.8
41.0
40.3
41.6

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.5
40.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.

146




...

9.99
9.78
13.74
8.57
10.10
12.43
10.88
12.10

10.87
8.90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

41.5
40.4
39.6
42.5
42.5
39.9
40.8
41.1
41.1
42.3
41.9
39.0
42.4
43.2

41.3
40.4
40.5
42.0
43.3
40.0
39.6
41.3
40.8
42.5
41.0
39.4
41.1
42.6

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.1
40.5
39.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988^

41.7
40.5
41.7
42.7
44.1
40.8
40.1
41.4
41.3
42.5
41.7
39.0
40.5
42.1

$10.16
10.42
8.49
11.08
10.40
9.52
8.73
9.82
11.05
11.34
10.60
8.87
8.67
9.62

$10.37
10.44
8.82
10.88
10.63
9.78
8.36
10.24
11.42
11.34
10.93
9.03
9.03
9.84

39.8
39.4
39.6

40.0
39.3
39.0

8.32
7.90
8.33

42.1
42.5
41.5
41.7

41.4
41.4
41.3
41.3

41.4
41.0
41.5
41.2

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

42.1
38.7

41.5
44.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

42.3
42.4
43.4
42.0
42.1
43.0

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

$10.44
10.41
8.99
10.85
10.65
9.96
8.35
10.34
11.46
11.33
11.07
8.95
9.11
9.97

$421.64
420.97
336.20
470.90
442.00
379.85
356.18
403.60
454.16
479.68
444.14
345.93
367.61
415.58

$428.28
421.78
357.21
456.96
460.28
391.20
331.06
422.91
465.94
481.95
448.13
355.78
371.13
419.18

$435.35
421.61
374.88
463.30
469.67
406.37
334.84
428.08
473.30
481.53
461.62
349.05

8.66
8.17
8.52

8.66
8.17
8.59

333.63
319.95
329.87

344.67
321.90
337.39

346.40
321.08
335.01

8.15
9.07
8.03
8.09

8.36
9.20
8.48
8.28

8.35
9.17
8.50
8.28

343.12
385.48
333.24
337.35

346.10
380.88
350.22
341.96

345.69
375.97
352.75
341.14

41.4
45.2

7.95
7.94

8.15
8.31

8.14
8.43

334.70
307.28

338.23
370.63

337.00
381.04

41.2
42.4
43.7
40.5
42.3
41.9

41.4
42.3
43.6
39.3
41.7
42.1

8.84
7.93
9.27
9.06
8.86
10.55

8.99
8.19
9.32
8.86
9.01
10.29

9.05
8.18
9.45
8.89
8.99
10.46

373.93
336.23
402.32
380.52
373.01
453.65

370.39
347.26
407.28
358.83
381.12
431.15

374.67
346.01
412.02
349.38
374.88
440.37

42.2
41.6
41.8
43.9
40.5

42.0
41.7
42.4
43.7
39.8

42.0
41.8
41.8
43.6
40.5

9.88
9.82
10.16
11.26
7.59

9.99
9.95
10.91
11.41
7.56

9.95
9.91
10.86
11.34
7.54

416.94
408.51
424.69
494.31
307.40

419.58
414.92
462.58
498.62
300.89

417.90
414.24
453.95
494.42
305.37

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

41.2
41.5

41.0
40.7

40.7
40.9

10.05
10.06

10.18
10.01

10.10
10.00

414.06
417.49

417.38
407.41

411.07
409.00

Vermont
Burlington

41.0
41.0

41.8
41.9

41.3
41.2

9.27
10.26

9.75
10.52

9.79
10.98

380.07
420.66

407.55
440.79

404.33
452.38

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.1
43.1
41.6
42.0
41.1
38.2
41.2
42.0

41.3
44.4
42.5
41.0
41.6
40.2
42.4
41.4

41.8
43.1
43.5
40.9
41.6
40.4
42.7
41.4

9.27
7.82
7.46
8.39
8.62
10.05
11.99
9.02

9.42
7.57
7.79
8.48
8.93
10.77
11.90
9.34

9.53
7.67
7.75
8.45
9.07
10.76
12.00
9.81

381.00
337.04
310.34
352.38
354.28
383.91
493.99
378.84

389.05
336.11
331.08
347.68
371.49
432.95
504.56
386.68

398.35
330.58
337.13
345.61
377.31
434.70
512.40
406.13

Washington

40.1

40.8

40.8

11.69

11.71

11.83

468.77

477.77

482.66

419.74

See footnotes at end of table.




147

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988^

41.9
44.5
40.8
41.9
43.1

$10.69
13.47
12.30
11.88
12.45

$11.03
14.02
12.37
12.75
12.20

42.3
43.8
40.2
43.5
42.9
44.8
41.2
42.1
42.3
39.8
42.1

10.69
11.04
10.81
11.51
12.13
12.47
8.96
9.84
11.81
11.17
10.13

39.0

38.2

39.3

37.1

40.9

41.3

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988p

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling

42.1
43.5
41.5
42.6
42.5

41.5
43.8
40.4
40.4
39.0

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

42.4
43.2
42.1
41.6
40.0
40.7
41.8
40.8
42.7
43.2
43.2

41.9
42.7
39.8
42.2
43.2
40.9
39.7
42.7
42.0
40.2
42.8

Wyoming

36.8

Puerto Rico

39.4

Virgin Islands

43.5

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

148




Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1987

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.

$11.00
13.78
12.58
12.91
12.48

$450.05
585.95
510.45
506.09
529.13

$457.75
614.08
499.75
515.10
475.80

$460.90
613.21
513.26
540.93
537.89

10.66
11.23
10.47
11.40
13.16
12.77
9.02
9.85
11.62
10.94
10.01

10.74
11.37
10.46
11.63
12.71
13.58
9.03
9.85
11.66
10.92
10.06

453.26
476.93
455.10
478.82
485.20
507.53
374.53
401.47
504.29
482.54
437.62

446.65
479.52
416.71
481.08
568.51
522.29
358.09
420.60
488.04
439.79
428.43

454.30
498.01
420.49
505.91
545.26
608.38
372.04
414.69
493.22
434.62
423.53

9.96

10.04

9.75

366.53

391.56

372.45

5.44

5.59

5.62

214.34

219.69

208.50

9.64

9.89

10.06

419.34

404.50

415.48

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Dec. 1987
to
Dec. 1988P

Oct. 1988
to
Nov. 1988r

Nov. 1988
to
Dec. 1988P

199,983

3.5

-0.5

0.6

164,494

164,741

3.8

-.1

1,624
10,748
42,003
25,122
16,881
11,567
12,394
29,390
12,585
44,411

1,567
10,829
42,138
25,214
16,924
11,576
12,382
29,212
12,512
44,278

1,558
10,622
42,054
25,168
16,886
11,620
12,469
29,224
12,559
44,635

-4.1
4.8
2.1
2.7
1.1
4.0
5.4
3.5
1.3
5.9

-3.5
.8
.3
.4
.3
.1

-.1
-.6
-.6
-.3

-.6
-1.9
-.2
-.2
-.2
.4
.7
.0
.4
.8

35,230

34,385

35,242

2.3

-2.4

2.5

Oct.
1988r

Nov.
1988r

Dec.
1988P

199,951

198,880

164,721

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

150




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Annual average

Quarterly index
1986

Item

1987

1988

1987
IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

110.1
128.6
116.8
183.1
101.2
166.3
165.0
165.8

111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5

110.5
128.4
116.2
180.4
100.0
163.3
164.5
163.7

110.4
128.2
116.1
182.0
101.2
164.9
165.2
165.0

110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.7
167.3
166.6
167.0

109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.2
169.6
163.7
167.5

109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.5
170.5
165.6
168.7

110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.2
170.8
168.7
170.1

111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.4
171.1
171.5
171.2

111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
102.0
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
102.1
173.5
170.0
172.3

111.8
138.8
124.1
198.1
102.1
177.1
170.4
174.7

112.2
139.7
124.5
201.0
102.4
179.1
172.4
176.7

108.2
128.2
118.5
182.3
100.8
168.6
166.4
167.8

109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5

108.6
128.1
117.9
179.8
99.6
165.5
166.1
165.7

108.4
127.8
117.9
181.2
100.7
167.1
166.6
167.0

108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0

107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.8
172.1
164.9
169.5

107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
101.0
172.9
167.2
170.9

108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.6
173.0
169.8
171.9

109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.8
173.3
173.0
173.2

109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0

110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.5
175.7
171.6
174.2

110.1
139.2
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.6
171.8
176.2

110.6
140.4
126.9
199.4
101.5
180.2
173.6
177.9

127.7
124.7
97.7
183.0
101.2
143.3

132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
99.7
141.7

126.6
124.2
98.1
181.1
100.3
143.0

127.2
124.1
97.6
182.0
101.2
143.2

128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.5
143.4

128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8

130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.8
143.1

131.7
128.7

97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4

132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0

133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
99.0
141.3

134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.4
142.1

135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.8

137.2
139.3
101.5
194.4
99.0
141.6

133.5
130.8
98.0
181.9
100.6
136.3

138.5
136.0
98.2
185.2
98.8
133.7

132.2
130.5
98.7
180.3

133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0

135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.2
136.4

136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.2
135.3

138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.8
133.5

139.1
136.5
98.2
185.3
98.3
133.2

140.0
139.9

99.9
136.4

132.6
130.0
98.0
180.8
100.5
136.3

97.9
133.0

141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.8
134.1

142.7
144.0
100.9
190.1
98.0
133.3

144.2
146.4
101.6
192.3
98.0
133.4

118.9
115.8
97.3
184.8
102.2
155.4

122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4

118.1
114.7
97.1
182.1
100.9
154.3

118.9
115.4
97.0
184.0
102.3
154.7

119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.8
156.0

119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.8
156.5

120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.9
156.4

122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.6
155.0

123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5

123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.9
155.8

123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.8
156.0

124.8
126.4
101.3
195.7
100.9
156.8

126.9
128.8
101.5
197.9
100.8
156.0

109.7
129.1
117.7
179.5
99.2
167.3
163.6
178.4
132.4
163.2

111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8

109.5
128.8
117.6
177.1
98.1
165.5
161.7
176.7
133.7
161.7

109.3
128.3
117.3
178.5
99.2
166.7
163.3
176.9
132.7
162.6

109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.6
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2

110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.1
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1

110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.1
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9

110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.7
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4

112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170 2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1

112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.1
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7

113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
99.0
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9

112.9
141.2
125.0
191.9
98.9
173.8
170.0
185.1
132.6
168.8

112.6
141.9
126.1
194.4
99.0
176.4
172.7
187.6
129.5
170.8

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

99.9
186.2

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).




151

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item
II
1987

III
1987

IV
1987

2.7
5.3
2.5
3.6
-1.2
.8
7.9
3.2

3.9
6.6
2.6
4.6
.8
.7
6.7
2.8

3.2
5.7
2.5
3.4
-1.4
.2
6.5
2.3

5.5
4.9
-.6
.7
-4.0
-4.6

Same quarter, previous year

1988

1988

1988

1987

1987

IV
1987

1988

1988

1988

0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4

3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.3
.2
2.5

-3.4
2.4
6.0
4.8
.0
8.5
1.0
5.8

1.5
2.6
1.1
6.1
1.3
4.5
4.6
4.5

0.2
3.1
2.9
3.8
.0
3.6
2.1
3.1

1.5
4.5
3.0
3.9
-.3
2.3
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6

2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1

1.1
5.0
3.9
4.8
.9
3.7
1.0
2.7

0.5
4.0
3.5
5.2
1.0
4.7
.5
3.2

3.7
6.8
2.9
4.5
.6
.7
7.7
3.1

.9
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8

3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
.1
.1
1.6
.6

-2.4
4.0
6.6
4.2
-.5
6.8
.7
4.7

1.9
3.4
1.5
5.6
.8
3.7
4.1
3.8

.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
-.1
3.5
1.9
3.0

1.5
4.7
3.2
3.7
-.4
2.2
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.4
2.1
3.6
2.6

2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.5
1.6
2.6
1.9

1.4
5.6
4.1
4.6
.7
3.2
1.2
2.5

.9
4.7
3.8
4.9
.8
4.0
.3
2.7

3.2
7.8
4.4
2.1

1.3
7.5
6.1
2.1
-1.5

3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
2.0
2.2

3.7
5.8
2.0
3.0
-1.7
-.7

5.2
7.2
1.8
4.7
.0

3.6
3.7
.1

3.7
5.1
1.4
2.0
-2.1

3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7

-1.7

-1.8

3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7

2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3

3.3
6.2
2.8
3.8
-.3
.4

3.8
4.5
.6

3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9

3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2

3.6
7.2
3.5
3.8
-.4
.1

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

1.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-1.7

-1.1

2.3
-1.4
-1.2

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

4.4
2.8
-1.5
-1.0
-5.6
-5.1

2.9
7.0
4.0
2.0
-1.7
-.9

2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7

3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.6
3.2

3.8
7.7
3.8
1.4
-3.2
-2.3

4.3
6.9
2.5
4.7
.0
.4

7.6
8.5
.8
3.8

3.8
9.0
5.1
2.4
-1.4

-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2
-1.4
3.4

2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.5
.6

3.2
2.7
-.5
5.2
.4
2.0

6.7
7.6
.9
4.6

-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5

4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.4
-1.0
-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3

-1.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
-.6
5.3
5.9
3.7
.3
4.8

-1.7
-2.0

-2.1

3.7
6.1
2.3
1.1
-3.2
-2.5

2.9
4.4
1.5
3.1
-.7
.2

3.6
6.2
2.5
2.6
-1.5
-1.0

3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.9
-.5

3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3

2.0
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.1

2.7
4.6
1.8
3.7
-.4
1.0

1.5
3.9
2.4
3.2
-.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
-2.2
1.7

2.3
5.6
3.2
3.3

1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4

_g
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2

-1.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6

3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.1
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2

1.8
5.9
4.1
4.1
.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.1

.3
4.2
3.9
4.5
.3
3.7
4.1
2.5
-5.0
2.8

4.1
3.3
-.8
2.0

1.7
-2.4

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-1.0
-3.6

-1.3

-1.9

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

3.1
6.1
2.9
2.9
-1.8
1.0
-.2
4.1
3.9
1.2

4.7
8.8
4.0
4.1
.3
-.2
-.6
.8

21.9
1.7

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

152




-1.1
2.1
3.3
5.4
.7
6.3
6.6
5.5
-9.1
4.8

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

1,904.7
449.9
132.4
211.0
138.6
70.8

1,918.1
457.8
136.7
210.0
137.6
71.9

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

1,925.2
457.7
137.2
212.2
138.3
72.0

133.9
27.3
6.1
19.1
8.5
3.8

Oct.
1988

128.0
25.2
6.3
17.6
7.9
3.5

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

134.6
25.5
6.8
18.8
8.6
3.5

7.0
6.1
4.6
9.1
6.2
5.3

6.7
5.5
4.6
8.4
5.7
4.9

7.0
5.6
4.9
8.8
6.2
4.9

Nov.
1988^

241.3

239.2

236.2

23.6

20.1

21.2

9.8

8.4

9.0

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,640.8
1,015.8
313.6

1,719.9
1,061.2
326.6

1,748.4
1,078.7
331.3

94.2
49.7
15.3

119.0
61.4
18.6

114.2
60.0
18.3

5.7
4.9
4.9

6.9
5.8
5.7

6.5
5.6
5.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,099.2
59.3
92.3
259.3
37.0

1,115.4
61.7
92.2
264.3
37.3

1,113.9
61.8
92.5
266.5
37.3

82.8
2.2
5.5
16.7
3.0

74.7
2.5
6.7
15.0
2.8

75.6
2.6
6.8
15.0
2.8

7.5
3.7
5.9
6.4
8.0

6.7
4.0
7.2
5.7
7.5

6.8
4.2
7.4
5.6
7.5

13,906.2
1,308.5
232.6
287.0
4,294.0
152.2
1,039.0
340.2
924.9
691.8
1,076.7
876.7
808.3
179.2
190.3
185.7
185.1

14,200.3
1,353.3
232.2
300.9
4,155.2
160.5
1,081.6
354.8
973.5
727.0
1,140.8
901.0
834.2
184.5
199.3
199.2
195.6

14,336.9
1,367.9
231.7
304.7
4,204.5
159.9
1,097.6
360.0
985.5
737.8
1,155.3
915.5
841.1
187.2
201.6
195.6
196.8

716.0
39.9
24.1
31.9
192.0
17.4
47.4
18.8
50.7
37.3
46.9
29.6
32.4
8.4
8.7
18.7
10.3

675.9
40.0
23.1
29.1
179.5
15.8
45.1
18.1
53.8
34.6
45.8
28.6
30.4
7.3
8.1
16.8
9.8

730.7
40.3
23.9
33.7
186.8
18.7
47.5
20.5
54.9
38.1
47.4
29.5
32.9
7.8
9.6
19.7
10.7

5.1
3.1
10.4
11.1
4.5
11.4
4.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
4.4
3.4
4.0
4.7
4.6
10.0
5.6

4.8
3.0
10.0
9.7
4.3
9.9
4.2
5.1
5.5
4.8
4.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.0
8.4
5.0

5.1
2.9
10.3
11.1
4.4
11.7
4.3
5.7
5.6
5.2
4.1
3.2
3.9
4.1
4.8
10.1
5.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,687.7
132.9
891.5

1,725.6
135.6
903.1

1,752.6
137.2
914.2

122.4
7.5
60.4

99.5
6.3
49.2

110.4
6.8
53.5

7.3
5.6
6.8

5.8
4.6
5.4

6.3
4.9
5.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,778.1
234.2
432.3
275.5
120.0
103.2

1,791.1
235.7
436.5
281.0
120.1
104.9

1,795.8
235.1
437.4
281.0
120.3
104.6

52.1
7.8
11.9
8.0
2.4
3.8

53.7
8.9
12.1
8.4
2.4
3.8

54.7
8.8
12.9
7.9
2.5
3.8

2.9
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.0
3.7

3.0
3.8
2.8
3.0
2.0
3.6

3.0
3.7
2.9
2.8
2.1
3.6

337.8
294.5

351.7
304.6

355.4
308.1

9.4
8.5

10.1
9.8

12.1
11.0

2.8
2.9

2.9
3.2

3.4
3.6

District of Columbia
Washington

332.0
2,141.2

340.8
2,239.5

340.1
2,244.8

19.3
62.7

16.5
67.6

15.2
65.6

5.8
2.9

4.8
3.0

4.5
2.9

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,932.5
147.3
621.1
135.2
448.9
176.4
913.5
559.0
150.2
118.8
124.4
964.0
406.5

6,173.8
152.9
649.5
144.5
475.7
188.5
934.4
591.4
154.2
123.1
130.6
993.9
429.0

6,103.2
150.1
643.7
143.6
468.7
185.1
921.1
580.6
151.1
121.8
128.0
982.1
429.5

302.8
7.5
25.3
5.1
23.4
8.8
50.6
24.0
9.3
4.5
4.7
45.2
19.7

303.0
6.8
25.2
5.5
23.4
8.9
49.1
26.0
9.4
3.9
4.4
44.5
21.6

317.5
7.3
27.2
5.2
25.7
8.7
51.3
28.0
9.9
4.1
5.0
48.4
21.5

5.1
5.1
4.1
3.8
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.3
6.2
3.8
3.8
4.7
4.8

4.9
4.5
3.9
3.8
4.9
4.7
5.3
4.4
6.1
3.2
3.3
4.5
5.0

5.2
4.8
4.2
3.6
5.5
4.7
5.6
4.8
6.6
3.4
3.9
4.9
5.0

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

154




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

161.9
3.4
68.5
9.4
5.9
5.7
6.0

5.0
3.9
4.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
5.5

5.1
3.8
4.6
5.5
7.0
4.5
5.7

5.0
4.4
4.5
5.1
5.8
4.3
5.3

15.8
10.4

15.5
10.2

3.6
3.1

3.0
2.7

3.0
2.6

31.5
5.4

21.1
3.3

24.1
3.6

6.8
5.1

4.4
3.0

5.1
3.4

5,908.0
183.9
69.0
91.2
3,246.3
184.5
58.7
195.7
282.4
157.0
146.7
111.3

363.6
8.4
3.0
3.5
181.1
11.9
5.0
13.5
10.6
10.2
11.3
5.6

353.4
8.2
2.8
3.3
182.4
13.4
5.3
12.2
10.4
9.6
9.1
5.2

384.7
9.4
3.5
4.2
192.4
14.0
5.2
13.2
11.6
10.7
10.1
6.2

6.3
4.8
4.5
3.9
5.7
6.6
8.6
6.9
4.0
6.7
7.8
5.2

6.0
4.5
4.1
3.7
5.7
7.4
9.0
6.3
3.7
6.2
6.3
4.8

6.5
5.1
5.1
4.6
5.9
7.6
8.8
6.8
4.1
6.8
6.9
5.5

2,853.6
59.5
63.6
98.8
144.8
206.2
257.3
684.0
68.3
61.7
131.8
60.1

2,871.0
59.8
64.1
98.2
146.5
207.9
260.0
689.4
68.4
62.2
133.7
60.5

160.3
3.5
2.3
4.9
9.1
10.3
18.6
33.3
2.8
4.3
6.8
3.5

134.6
3.1
1.8
4.7
7.3
9.8
13.8
29.3
1.6
3.1
5.9
2.9

155.0
3.3
2.2
4.4
8.5
11.0
15.6
34.4
2.0
3.6
7.2
3.4

5.7
5.9
3.8
5.1
6.4
5.2
7.3
5.0
4.1
6.9
5.2
5.8

4.7
5.1
2.7
4.8
5.0
4.8
5.4
4.3
2.3
4.9
4.5
4.8

5.4
5.6
3.5
4.5
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.0
2.9
5.8
5.4
5.7

1,454.5
94.3
226.3
45.4
59.8
69.1

1,512.9
98.0
237.3
45.8
61.8
70.5

1,506.4
99.0
239.8
45.9
62.5
71.1

64.4
3.6
7.5
2.6
3.1
4.1

53.5
2.8
7.6
1.9
2.3
2.9

57.5
2.9
8.0
2.0
2.4
3.0

4.4
3.8
3.3
5.7
5.2
6.0

3.5
2.9
3.2
4.1
3.7
4.1

3.8
2.9
3.3
4.3
3.9
4.3

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,270.4
90.8
253.6

1,294.9
90.8
255.5

1,326.9
92.5
257.6

54.4
4.0
10.8

55.5
4.3
11.5

61.3
4.5
12.0

4.3
4.4
4.3

4.3
4.7
4.5

4.6
4.8
4.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
,

1,698.8
183.7
507.0
44.9

1,725.5
189.9
517.8
45.2

1,738.2
190.5
522.7
45.4

131.4
8.8
30.6
3.8

111.9
7.9
26.9
2.9

117.5
8.2
28.6
3.0

7.7
4.8
6.0
8.4

6.5
4.1
5.2
6.5

6.8
4.3
5.5
6.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,928.7
61.8
263.9
70.8
99.1
70.1
598.1
166.9

1,945.8
61.5
267.2
70.3
99.7
69.5
605.1
165.4

1,930.4
61.5
266.0
69.9
99.6
69.1
602.3
163.4

186.8
5.0
21.7
8.0
9.5
6.0
50.8
15.3

185.7
5.3
23.4
6.3
8.8
6.4
52.3
15.6

184.9
5.5
23.4
6.2
8.7
6.3
51.5
15.3

9.7
8.1
8.2
11.3
9.6
8.6
8.5
9.2

9.5
8.6
8.7
9.0
8.8
9.2
8.6
9.4

9.6
9.0
8.8
8.9
8.7
9.2
8.6
9.4

591.2
41.6
127.6

603.0
42.1
128.7

605.9
42.5
130.8

20.3
1.6
2.3

14.1
1.3
1.7

17.8
1.5
2.2

3.4
4.0
1.8

2.3
3.0
1.3

2.9
3.4
1.7

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

3,077.3
73.4
1,451.2
179.5
101.2
129.3
111.4

3,212.9
77.2
1,522.8
184.5
103.7
133.5
113.7

3,213.7
77.4
1,523.3
183.8
101.8
133.1
113.4

152.6
2.9
62.4
9.4
5.8
6.2
6.1

163.7
2.9
70.2
10.2
7.2
6.0
6.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

522.3
390.2

518.5
385.0

523.1
389.4

18.7
12.3

Idaho
Boise City

465.2
105.5

484.0
110.1

475.1
108.3

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,747.2
175.6
66.7
88.5
3,165.9
180.0
58.2
195.1
267.8
152.1
145.9
109.5

5,848.8
181.0
68.3
90.1
3,223.4
182.0
58.6
194.0
279.3
155.4
146.0
109.6

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,800.1
59.8
60.9
95.1
143.4
200.0
254.9
669.5
68.2
61.4
131.2
60.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

See footnotes at end of table.




155

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Maryland ....
Baltimore .

2,415.6
1,165.5

2,482.5
1,190.0

2,478.6
1,185.2

96.3
50.2

115.1
62.0

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,096.6
1,542.8
97.4
76.1
45.2
183.0
149.5
84.3
252.4
216.7

3,148.7
1,547.9
100.2
76.6
45.5
184.0
151.0
86.5
253.4
225.1

3,145.8
1,555.6
100.1
77.3
45.8
183.4
150.2
87.1
253.2
223.8

72.2
30.3
2.7
3.2
1.3
6.2
3.8
3.0
5.8
4.4

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

4,537.9
161.6
64.6
77.6
2,181.6
203.2
351.9
117.0
241.0
67.4
186.8

4,596.2
166.3
65.7
79.5
2,194.0
194.9
363.1
119.5
246.0
69.1
190.1

4,651.6
167.9
66.2
80.6
2,231.2
195.4
367.5
120.7
247.4
69.4
192.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul .
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,293.1
106.9
1,377.4
59.1
93.6

2,340.8
106.7
1,387.3
59.7
96.4

Mississippi .
Jackson ...

1,146.9
199.9

Missouri
Kansas City ...
St. Louis
Springfield

Nov.
1988^

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

108.4
55.3

4.0
4.3

4.6
5.2

4.4
4.7

89.0
38.6
3.5
3.2
1.8
7.2
4.9
3.3
7.2
5.5

110.8
46.7
4.0
4.0
2.2
8.2
5.9
4.3
9.1
6.9

2.3
2.0
2.7
4.2
2.8
3.4
2.6
3.6
2.3
2.0

2.8
2.5
3.4
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.4

3.5
3.0
4.0
5.2
4.8
4.5
3.9
4.9
3.6
3.1

335.1
5.6
5.0
4.9
160.6
27.3
18.8
5.7
13.9
5.8
13.3

305.2
5.8
4.3
5.1
149.7
22.9
17.4
5.7
12.3
6.0
11.6

314.7
5.4
4.0
5.6
148.9
21.0
18.4
5.5
13.6
6.2
12.2

7.4
3.5
7.8
6.3
7.4
13.4
5.3
4.9
5.7
8.6
7.1

6.6
3.5
6.5
6.4
6.8
11.7
4.8
4.7
5.0
8.7
6.1

6.8
3.2
6.1
7.0
6.7
10.8
5.0
4.5
5.5
8.9
6.3

2,353.2
108.1
1,399.2
60.9
97.6

119.0
8.5
59.9
2.7
5.2

85.5
5.5
47.2
1.5
3.7

106.4
6.2
55.2
2.2
4.9

5.2
8.0
4.3
4.6
5.6

3.7
5.2
3.4
2.6
3.8

4.5
5.7
3.9
3.7
5.0

1,155.3
203.4

1,151.6
204.1

95.9
11.6

92.9
11.6

98.7
12.4

8.4
5.8

8.0
5.7

8.6
6.1

2,613.9
842.3
1,284.6
124.8

2,630.3
828.8
1,281.2
128.1

2,633.6
833.9
1,291.5
128.4

154.2
41.8
81.4
5.4

142.3
40.8
78.6
5.3

150.1
42.2
81.4
5.7

5.9
5.0
6.3
4.4

5.4
4.9
6.1
4.1

5.7
5.1
6.3
4.4

Montana ...

398.1

392.4

398.1

26.5

19.8

23.9

6.7

5.0

6.0

Nebraska.
Lincoln ..,
Omaha ..

818.8
123.2
322.3

828.9
125.8
330.0

828.0
127.2
333.6

37.1
4.3
15.2

26.2
4.0
11.3

29.9
3.5
13.0

4.5
3.5
4.7

3.2
3.2
3.4

3.6
2.8
3.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

564.9
329.9
139.3

593.0
344.6
143.9

594.3
346.0
143.6

32.5
19.7
7.2

26.1
16.5
5.2

25.6
15.1
5.7

5.7
6.0
5.2

4.4
4.8
3.6

4.3
4.4
4.0

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

594.8
99.8
132.5

611.2
101.0
137.7

613.5
100.2
136.8

13.1
2.4
2.3

14.1
3.1
2.1

15.3
3.1
2.3

2.2
2.4
1.7

2.3
3.1
1.5

2.5
3.1
1.7

3,972.2
168.2
724.7
269.7
559.1
465.7
963.1
173.3

3,909.9
170.4
712.0
264.4
556.0
468.6
940.5
169.3

3,955.9
170.6
721.8
267.0
563.3
471.5
951.0
171.6

129.0
9.4
19.5
13.9
12.8
12.6
32.7
4.5

138.2
8.6
21.9
15.5
13.7
14.8
35.0
4.5

139.5
10.4
21.4
15.1
13.8
15.0
34.0
4.7

3.2
5.6
2.7
5.2
2.3
2.7
3.4
2.6

3.5
5.1
3.1
5.9
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.7

3.5
6.1
3.0
5.6
2.5
3.2
3.6
2.7

687.4
263.2
57.3
65.1

706.3
271.2
59.9
68.0

709.8
271.8
60.1
68.5

56.3
17.0
4.1
3.4

49.6
15.1
4.1
3.2

45.7
13.9
3.4
2.9

8.2
6.5
7.1
5.2

7.0
5.6
6.8
4.7

6.4
5.1
5.7
4.2

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

156




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,576.0
420.6
126.4
449.3
42.0
1,428.8
3,970.6
3,291.0
131.9
128.2
499.8
323.2
135.8

8,544.1
422.2
127.1
450.3
43.3
1,432.6
3,900.2
3,222.5
134.9
130.2
500.8
318.1
137.7

8,563.6
423.8
127.8
451.2
43.8

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,317.3
87.6
641.7
519.5
402.3

3,376.7
88.8
657.1
521.6
409.2

331.4
45.2
87.0
37.4

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

1,437.6

3,919.2
3,236.4

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

422.5
14.8
4.5
22.5
1.7
43.4
235.5

359.2
14.5
4.5
21.4
1.6

218.0
4.5
3.7

158.9

48.1
178.1

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988P

4.9
3.5
3.6
5.0
4.0
3.0
5.9
6.6
3.4
2.9
3.9
5.5
4.6

4.2
3.4
3.5
4.7
3.8
3.4
4.6
4.9
3.7
2.7
3.5
4.0
4.5

4.3
3.6
3.8
5.1
4.0
3.3
4.5
4.9
4.0
2.8
3.9
4.5
5.0

10.0

4.0
3.9
3.3
3.3
2.9

3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.7

3.6
3.1
3.4
3.2
2.4

Nov.
1988P

371.5
15.3
4.9
23.1
1.8
47.2
177.7
157.6
5.3
3.6

19.4
17.7
6.3

4.9
3.5
17.6
12.7
6.2

3,378.5
89.0
657.6
523.6
408.7

133.4
3.4
21.4

127.9
3.0
22.5

17.3
11.7

17.6
11.2

337.9
44.9
88.7
37.4

331.8
45.1
88.1
37.6

14.8
2.2
2.9
1.4

13.5
2.0
2.1
1.1

17.4
2.8
2.6
1.4

4.5
4.9
3.3
3.8

4.0
4.4
2.3
3.1

5.2
6.1
2.9
3.8

5,284.6
323.5
189.9
756.5
936.9
707.8
467.8
313.6
220.2

5,327.5
324.6
190.1
766.5
936.4
718.0
472.2
317.0
222.2

5,359.6
324.3
190.2
771.4
937.0
722.5
472.7
317.9
222.8

304.6
18.6
12.5
39.1
49.9
33.5
22.6
18.1
15.8

275.7
16.3
10.3
34.5
44.8
32.2
22.7
16.2
13.4

284.4
16.7
10.6
35.8
45.4
34.3
22.1
17.0
14.1

5.8
5.8
6.6
5.2
5.3
4.7
4.8
5.8
7.2

5.2
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.8
5.1
6.0

5.3
5.1
5.6
4.6
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.3
6.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,544.0
30.0
49.6
503.9
343.1

1,508.9
28.8
48.2
489.8
338.5

1,516.7
28.8
48.5

98.0

95.9
1.5
2.8
26.5

92.0

6.3
5.7
4.7
5.3
7.5

6.4
5.3
5.9
5.4
6.8

6.1
4.9
5.5
5.0
6.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,405.5
140.3
645.4
128.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

,

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

134.3

130.1
501.2
319.4
136.8

19.6
14.2
6.9
123.0
2.8
22.2
16.9

492.1
337.6

1.7
2.3
26.6
25.6

23.1

1.4
2.7
24.5
22.0

1,413.7
141.7
642.6
133.1

1,423.1
143.8
650.8
132.2

75.7
7.6
29.9
7.0

70.0
7.1
27.8
6.1

77.8
7.5
28.9
7.0

5.4
5.4
4.6
5.5

4.9
5.0
4.3
4.6

5.5
5.2
4.4
5.3

5,724.5
320.2
59.4
62.0
129.1
316.6
93.8
216.4
2,423.0
955.5
174.1
351.9
59.8
213.5

5,770.1
321.5
60.2
63.3
129.8
320.2
94.2
220.5
2,408.1
953.9
178.9
357.1
61.8
219.0

5,738.6
320.1
59.5

291.9
13.6

62.3
128.6
317.1
93.1
218.3
2,412.4
944.3
179.6
354.8
61.7
218.9

299.8
15.0
4.2
5.6
8.6
13.7
7.4
9.4
94.3
56.2

99.8
52.9
6.6
20.9
3.0

247.8
11.6
3.6
4.5
6.4
11.7
5.7
6.7
85.1

9.6

9.7

19.0
2.8
8.4

5.2
4.7
7.1
9.1
6.7
4.3
7.9
4.3
3.9
5.9
4.5
6.5
5.6
4.5

5.1
4.2
6.8
8.5
6.1
4.2
7.0
4.0
4.1
5.5
3.7
5.9
4.9
4.4

4.3
3.6
6.0
7.2
5.0
3.7
6.1
3.1
3.5
4.8
3.6
5.3
4.5
3.8

526.1
169.0
343.1

527.9
169.9
344.5

534.4
171.6
348.6

16.3
5.6
10.2

13.4
5.4
8.3

14.6
6.2
9.0

3.1
3.3
3.0

2.5
3.2
2.4

2.7
3.6
2.6

1,651.9
222.6
229.8
324.0

1,697.3
233.3
238.3
338.4

1,699.7
234.1
239.7
338.8

83.9
9.7
8.7

12.7

78.0
9.3
8.0
11.8

75.4
8.9
7.6
11.5

5.1
4.3
3.8
3.9

4.6
4.0
3.3
3.5

4.4
3.8
3.2
3.4

358.5
39.5
74.6

357.0
39.6
71.2

348.9
38.2
70.8

18.2
1.7
4.7

14.8
2.1
2.9

14.9
1.8
3.1

5.1
4.3
6.3

4.2
5.4
4.0

4.3
4.7
4.4

7.9
22.8
3.3

4.1
5.4

7.9
13.4
6.6
8.9

44.9
6.5

See footnotes at end of table.




157

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1987

Oct.

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988?

2,360.1
209.2
220.4
285.6
452.7
520.0

2,329.5
213.0
215.7
278.1
449.0
503.0

2,357.9
215.1
221.0
281.1
451.6
507.9

138.6
10.3
13.5
16.5
24.1
22.5

131.7
11.9
10.4
14.6
23.1
21.5

135.7
12.1
11.9
16.8
22.8
21.7

5.9
4.9
6.1
5.8
5.3
4.3

5.7
5.6
4.8
5.3
5.1
4.3

5.8
5.6
5.4
6.0
5.0
4.3

8,390.4
55.2
102.9
437.9
163.2
82.7
97.7
58.9
161.7
1,481.1
238.3
689.5
108.4
1,631.3
95.3
46.4
80.1
114.9
153.4
50.8
54.2
46.2
623.1
50.7
59.3
77.9
37.3
96.0
57.9

8,375.4
55.8
101.8
428.0
161.8
83.7
98.1
60.1
160.6
1,470.9
243.5
683.0
105.3
1,643.8
97.6
47.5
80.4
115.5
153.0
50.4
53.6
46.5
629.9
49.6
58.3
77.1
36.8
94.8
58.3

8,420.0
56.1
102.0
430.8
162.4
84.1
98.0
60.8
161.3
1,478.6
243.3
685.3
105.6
1,656.4
97.8
48.2
80.4
116.7
156.4
50.8
54.1
46.6
632.5
49.6
58.7
77.7
36.8
95.4
58.8

659.5
4.2
6.4
28.7
18.0
7.3
13.9
2.9
17.1
90.7
25.2
45.0
10.6
129.4
7.5
6.7
7.6
6.4
28.5
3.8
4.4
2.7
47.9
3.8
4.6
6.3
2.9
7.9
4.0

571.2
3.1
6.1
24.1
15.2
5.9
11.5
2.7
13.8
82.5
25.8
40.4
8.4
101.4
7.8
5.6
6.8
5.8
25.3
2.7
4.0
2.8
46.6
3.2
4.4
5.4
2.3
5.7
3.2

552.0
3.1
5.9
22.8
14.8
5.9
10.9
2.5
13.0
78.3
24.8
38.6
8.0
97.8
7.2
5.6
6.5
5.3
24.8
2.7
4.0
2.5
44.4
3.0
4.4
5.3
2.1
5.4
3.3

7.9
7.7
6.3
6.6
11.0
8.8
14.3
5.0
10.6
6.1
10.6
6.5
9.8
7.9
7.9
14.3
9.5
5.5
18.6
7.4
8.0
5.9
7.7
7.4
7.8
8.2
7.8
8.2
6.9

6.8
5.6
6.0
5.6
9.4
7.1
11.8
4.5
8.6
5.6
10.6
5.9
8.0
6.2
8.0
11.7
8.5
5.0
16.6
5.4
7.4
5.9
7.4
6.5
7.5
7.1
6.2
6.0
5.5

6.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
9.1
7.0
11.1
4.1
8.0
5.3
10.2
5.6
7.5
5.9
7.4
11.7
8.1
4.6
15.9
5.3
7.3
5.4
7.0
6.1
7.5
6.8
5.7
5.6
5.5

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

757.3
99.8
504.0

765.6
104.3
503.0

781.3
108.5
512.5

42.2
5.4
26.6

32.9
3.9
21.1

38.4
4.4
24.4

5.6
5.4
5.3

4.3
3.8
4.2

4.9
4.0
4.8

Vermont
Burlington

299.5
75.1

305.0
79.0

304.0
78.4

10.0
1.8

7.1
1.3

8.7
1.6

3.3
2.4

2.3
1.7

2.9
2.1

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,024.0
67.7
51.6
71.9
602.1
436.4
119.7

3,157.0
71.0
53.9
73.5
634.2
459.8
121.2

3,157.9
71.6
54.0
72.9
630.3
459.5
121.9

120.8
1.6
3.5
3.8
28.0
16.3
5.1

126.3
2.1
3.7
3.8
31.1
15.6
5.4

129.0
1.8
3.6
3.3
30.9
16.5
5.4

4.0
2.4
6.8
5.3
4.6
3.7
4.3

4.0
3.0
6.8
5.2
4.9
3.4
4.4

4.1
2.6
6.6
4.5
4.9
3.6
4.4

Washington
Seattle

2,283.1
1,022.7

2,305.9
1,035.5

2,298.7
1,044.5

168.1
59.5

125.2
46.7

137.7
48.4

7.4
5.8

5.4
4.5

6.0
4.6

746.4
116.6
126.7
72.0
71.9

724.6
114.3
124.8
69.9
70.1

747.2
116.8
127.2
71.2
71.9

68.3
9.5
11.3
5.2
5.8

63.9
8.8
8.5
4.4
4.8

67.5
9.0
8.8
4.5
5.1

9.2
8.2
8.9
7.2
8.1

8.8
7.7
6.8
6.3
6.8

9.0
7.7
6.9
6.4
7.2

2,533.9
166.9
71.8
108.5
72.3
56.2
55.6
221.9
750.4
86.8
59.5

2,593.9
174.6
75.2
112.4
74.2
56.4
57.4
226.6
775.0
88.7
61.4

2,601.3
175.3
75.9
113.1
76.0
56.1
58.5
228.6
778.2
89.8
61.8

139.6
8.8
4.2
6.2
4.5
3.7
2.6
8.5
35.4
5.1
3.5

88.9
5.7
2.4
4.1
2.6
1.9
1.7
5.1
24.6
3.4
2.1

98.1
6.4
3.0
4.2
3.4
2.0
1.8
5.9
24.3
3.8
2.5

5.5
5.3
5.9
5.7
6.2
6.5
4.7
3.8
4.7
5.8
5.8

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.4
3.4
2.9
2.2
3.2
3.8
3.4

3.8
3.6
4.0
3.7
4.5
3.5
3.1
2.6
3.1
4.2
4.1

228.9

232.9

234.3

16.4

13.5

16.7

7.2

5.8

7.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been

158




Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988P

benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.




Annual Averages

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Year

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Percent
Number

Not in
labor
force

labor
force

Persons 14 years of age and over
1929

O

1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

O
O

o

49,180

O

47,630

10,450

37,180

1,550

3.2

49,820
50,420
51,000
51,590
52,230
52,870
53,440
54,000
54,610
55,230

O

45,480
42,400
38,940
38,760
40,890
42,260
44,410
46,300
44,220
45,750

10,340
10,290
10,170
10,090
9,900
10,110
10,000
9,820
9,690
9,610

35,140
32,110
28,770
28,670
30,990
32,150
34,410
36,480
34,530
36,140

4,340
8,020
12,060
12,830
11,340
10,610
9,030
7,700
10,390
9,480

8.7
15.9
23.6
24.9
21.7
20.1
16.9
14.3
19.0
17.2

o
(')
o1
()
(')
(')
o

47,520
50,350
53,750
54,470
53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812

9,540
9,100
9,250
9,080
8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256

37,980
41,250
44,500
45,390
45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557

8,120
5,560
2,660
1,070
670
1,040
2,270
2,356

14.6
9.9
4.7
1.9
1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9

44,200
43,990
42,230
39,100
38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850

O

o

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947

99,840
99,900
98,640
94,640
93,220
94,090
103,070
106,018

55,640
55,910
56,410
55,540
54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168

55.7
56.0
57.2
58.7
58.6
57.2
55.8
56.8

1947
1948
1949

101,827
103,068
103,994

59,350
60,621
61,286

58.3
58.8
58.9

57,038
58,343
57,651

7,890
7,629
7,658

49,148
50,714
49,993

2,311
2,276
3,637

3.9
3.8
5.9

42,477
42,447
42,708

1950
1951
1952
19532
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

104,995
104,621
105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.2
59.2
59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9602
1961
19622
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70.527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19722
19732
1974
1975
1976
1977
19782
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19862
1987
1988

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450

7,637
8,273
10,678

101,685

103,971
106,434
109,232

8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

111,800

6,701

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

Persons 16 years of age and over

Not available.
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see

160




10,717

"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory
Notes.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Men
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

52,109
52,723
53,315
54,033
54,793

44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886

85.4
85.5
84.8
84.2
83.7

42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466

5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532

37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934

1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907

I9601 ..
1961 ...
19621 ..
1963 ...
1964 ..
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

55,662
56,286
56,831
57,921
58,847
59,782
60,262
60,905
61,847
62,898

46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221

83.3
82.9
82.0
81.4
81.0
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.1
79.8

43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818

4,472
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963

39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855

2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677

1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020

51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
56,396
59,620
60,726

79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8

48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607

2,862
2,795
2,849
2,847
2,919
2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686

46,128
46,595
48,047
49,502
50,105
49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921

2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857

61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927

77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..

Women
..
..
..
..
..

57,574
58,228
58,951
59,690
60,534

20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483

35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.1

19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164

1,184
1,244
1,123
990
1,033

18,366
19,175
19,591
19,623
20,131

1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053

I9601 .
1961 ..
1962'.
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

61,582
62,484
63,321
64,494
65,637
66,731
67,795
68,968
70,179
71,436

23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513

37.7
38.1
37.9
38.3
38.7
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7

21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084

986
902
875
878
832
814
736
680
660
643

20,887
21,187
21,651
22,227
23,000
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441

1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924

1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 1 .
1973'.
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843

31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235

43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9

29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217

601
599
635
622
596
584
588
612
669
661

29,087
29,377
30,622
32,093
33,173
33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556

1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756

45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742

51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..

1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory




161

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

184,613
14,527
7,284
7,243
18,434
101,398
42,611
21,291
21,320
34,784
18,856
15,928
24,004
12,921
11,082
21,641
10,838
10,803
28,612
9,832
18,779

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

121,669
8,031
3,286
4,745
14,505
84,041
35,503
17,769
17,733
29,435
15,925
13,510
19,104
10,656
8,448
11,808
7,121
4,687
3,284
1,979
1,305

65.9
55.3
45.1
65.5
78.7
82.9
83.3
83.5
83.2
84.6
84.5
84.8
79.6
82.5
76.2
54.6
65.7
43.4
11.5
20.1
6.9

114,968
6,805
2,713
4,092
13,244
80,290
33,574
16,728
16,847
28,269
15,254
13,015
18,447
10,276
8,171
11,433
6,891
4,541
3,197
1,921
1,276

6,701
1,226
573
653
1,261
3,751
1,929
1,041
888
1,166
671
494
657
380
277
375
230
146
87
58
30

5.5
15.3
17.4
13.8
8.7
4.5
5.4
5.9
5.0
4.0
4.2
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.9
2.3

62,944
6,497
3,998
2,499
3,929
17,356
7,108
3,521
3,585
5,349
2,930
2,418
4,900
2,265
2,635
9,833
3,717
6,116
25,328
7,854
17,474

28,036
457
135
321
1,503
12,026
5,019
2,384
2,635
3,775
2,113
1,671
3,232
1,551
1,681
4,830
2,107
2,723
9,220
2,962
6,259

7,565
4,923
3,208
1,715
1,600
1,001
671
425
247
260
161
98
70
43
27
28
19
10
13
5
8

3,194
34
10
24
100
1,176
309
136
174
368
174
194
500
218
283
724
354
370
1,158
282
876

24,149
1,083
645
437
727
3,152
1,108
578
530
946
492
455
1,098
453
644
4,251
1,238
3,012
14,936
4,605
10,330

87,857
7,304
3,715
3,588
8,931
49,570
20,937
10,449
10,488
17,008
9,245
7,763
11,625
6,274
5,351
10,193
5,166
5,026
11,859
4,462
7,397

66,927
4,159
1,714
2,445
7,594
46,382
19,742
9,794
9,948
16,074
8,760
7,314
10,566
5,834
4,733
6,831
4,099
2,732
1,960
1,152
808

76.2
56.9
46.1
68.1
85.0
93.6
94.3
93.7
94.9
94.5
94.8
94.2
90.9
93.0
88.4
67.0
79.3
54.4
16.5
25.8
10.9

63,273
3,492
1,403
2,089
6,918
44,360
18,702
9,238
9,465
15,457
8,408
7,050
10,201
5,630
4,571
6,591
3,954
2,638
1,911
1,122
789

3,655
667
311
356
676
2,022
1,040
556
484
617
352
264
366
204
162
240
145
95
49
31
19

5.5
16.0
18.2
14.6
8.9
4.4
5.3
5.7
4.9
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.7
2.3

20,930
3,144
2,001
1,143
1,337
3,188
1,195
655
539
934
485
449
1,059
440
619
3,362
1,068
2,294
9,899
3,310
6,589

565
32
16
17
29
209
81
38
43
65
34
31
62
28
34
94
41
53
201
58
143

3,805
2,535
1,655
881
853
403
296
204
93
84
53
30
23
13
10
12
9
2
2
1
1

1,772
21
5
16
65
782
215
96
119
255
125
129
313
136
178
451
230
221
452
148
304

14,788
556
326
230
389
1,793
602
318
284
531
273
258
661
263
397
2,805
788
2,018
9,244
3,103
6,141

96,756
7,224
3,569
3,655
9,503
51,828
21,674
10,842
10,832
17,776
9,611
8,165
12,378
6,647
5,731
11,448
5,672
5,777
16,753
5,370
11,382

54,742
3,872
1,572
2,300
6,910
37,659
15,761
7,975
7,785
13,361
7,165
6,196
8,537
4,822
3,715
4,977
3,022
1,955
1,324
827
497

56.6
53.6
44.0
62.9
72.7
72.7
72.7
73.6
71.9
75.2
74.6
75.9
69.0
72.5
64.8
43.5
53.3
33.8
7.9
15.4
4.4

51,696
3,313
1,310
2,003
6,326
35,929
14,872
7,490
7,382
12,811
6,846
5,965
8,246
4,646
3,600
4,841
2,938
1,904
1,286
799
487

3,046
558
262
297
585
1,729
889
485
404
550
319
230
291
176
115
136
85
51
38
27
11

5.6
14.4
16.6
12.9
8.5
4.6
5.6
6.1
5.2
4.1
4.5
3.7
3.4
3.7
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.3
2.1

42,014
3,352
1,997
1,355
2,593
14,168
5,913
2,866
3,046
4,415
2,445
1,969
3,841
1,825
2,016
6,471
2,650
3,822
15,429
4,544
10,885

3,760
2,388
1,553
834
747
598
375
221
154
176
108
68
47
30
17
17
9
7
11
4
7

1,422
13
5
8
35
394
94
40
55
114
49
65
187
82
105
273
124
149
706
134
572

9,361
527
319
208
338
1,359
506
260
246
415
219
197
438
190
247
1,446
451
995
5,692
1,502
4,189

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

162




27,471
424
120
305
1,474
11,817
' 4,938
2,346
2,592
3,710
2,070
1,640
3,169
1,523
1,647
4,736
2,066
2,671
9,020
2,904
6,116

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

Percent
of
population

158,194
11,838
5,893
5,945
15,276
86,344
35,876
17,869
18,007
29,818
16,027
13,790
20,652
11,115
9,536
18,996
9,440
9,556
25,739
8,774
16,966

104,756
6,940
2,861
4,079
12,311
72,099
30,167
15,076
15,091
25,358
13,609
11,749
16,573
9,250
7,324
10,462
6,281
4,181
2,943
1,772
1,172

66.2
58.6
48.5
68.6
80.6
83.5
84.1
84.4
83.8
85.0
84.9
85.2
80.3
83.2
76.8
55.1
66.5
43.8
11.4
20.2
6.9

75,855
5,968
3,015
2,953
7,473
42,724
17,867
8,872
8,995
14,743
7,952
6,791
10,114
5,460
4,654
9,001
4,529
4,473
10,688
4,004
6,684

58,317
3,583
1,487
2,095
6,468
40,371
17,018
8,410
8,608
14,068
7,608
6,460
9,285
5,123
4,162
6,108
3,651
2,457
1,787
1,053
735

82,340
5,869
2,878
2,991
7,804
43,620
18,009
8,997
9,012
15,074
8,075
6,999
10,537
5,655
4,882
9,994
4,911
5,083
15,052
4,770
10,282

46,439
3,358
1,374
1,984
5,844
31,728
13,149
6,666
6,483
11,291
6,001
5,289
7,288
4,127
3,162
4,354
2,630
1,724
1,156
719
437

Percent
of
labor
force

Employed

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

99,812
6,030
2,424
3,606
11,438

8,947
7,107
10,153
6,094
4,059
2,874
1,724
1,150

4,944
910
437
473
874
2,781
1,371
735
636
890
504
386
520
302
217
309
187
122
69
47
22

4.7
13.1
15.3
11.6
7.1
3.9
4.5
4.9
4.2
3.5
6.0
3.3
3.1
3.3
4.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.7
1.9

53,439
4,897
3,032
1,865
2,965
14,247
5,709
2,793
2,916
4,459
2,418
2,042
4,078
1,866
2,212
8,534
3,159
5,375
22,796
7,002
15,794

24,406
341
102
239
1,167
10,230
4,183
1,973
2,211
3,276
1,829
1,469
2,771
1,318
1,482
4,260
1,835
2,425
8,408
2,664
5,744

5,707
3,716
2,422
1,294
1,240
719
479
303
175
188
112
75
52
32
20
21
12
8
12
4
8

2,442
28
7
20
64
876
234
104
128
279
127
152
364
162
202
555
265
290
919
215
704

20,884
813
500
312
494
2,421
814
412
401
717
368
349
890
359
531
3,698
1,046
2,652
13,458
4,120
9,338

76.9
60.0
49.3
71.0
86.6
94.5
95.2
94.8
95.7
95.4
95.7
95.1
91.8
93.8
89.4
67.9
80.6
54.9
16.7
26.3
11.0

55,550
3,084
1,248
1,836
5,987
38,823
16,241
7,997
8,244
13,590
7,338
6,252
8,992
4,959
4,033
5,909
3,531
2,377
1,748
1,028
720

2,766
499
239
260
480
1,548
777
413
364
477
270
207
293
164
129
200
120
80
40
25
15

4.7
13.9
16.1
12.4
7.4
3.8
4.6
4.9
4.2
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.2
2.4
2.0

17,538
2,385
1,528
858
1,005
2,354
849
461
387
676
344
332
830
337
492
2,893
878
2,016
8,900
2,951
5,949

426
23
11
12
19
142
51
23
29
49
25
24
42
18
24
74
31
43
168
46
122

2,887
1,927
1,256
671
681
270
204
143
60
53
32
20
14
8
6
6
5
1
1
1
1

1,370
16
4
12
40
597
162
73
88
193
93
99
243
105
138
352
175
177
364
116
247

12,856
419
256
162
264
1,344
432
222
210
382
194
188
531
206
325
2,461
667
1,794
8,368
2,789
5,579

56.4
57.2
47.7
66.3
74.9
72.7
73.0
74.1
71.9
74.9
74.3
75.6
69.2
73.0
64.8
43.6
53.5
33.9
7.7
15.1
4.3

44,262
2,946
1,176
1,770
5,450

2,177
412
198
214
393
1,233
594
322
272
413
234
179
227
138
88
110
67
42
30
22
7

4.7
12.3
14.4
10.8
6.7
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.2
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.1
3.4
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.1
1.6

35,901
2,512
1,504
1,007
1,960
11,893
4,860
2,332
2,529
3,784
2,074
1,710
3,249
1,529
1,720
5,640
2,281
3,359
13,896
4,051
9,845

23,981
318
91
227
1,148
10,088
4,132
1,950
2,182
3,227
1,787
1,441
2,729
1,294
1,435
4,186
1,804
2,382
8,240
2,618
5,622

2,820
1,788
1,166
623
559
449
275
160
115
135
80
55
38
24
14
14
7
7
10
3
7

1,072
11
3
8
23
279
72
31
40
86
34
53
121
57
64
203
91
112
555
99
457

8,027
394
244
150
229
1,077
382
190
191
335
174
161
360
153
206
1,237
379
858
5,090
1,331
3,759

69,318

28,796
14,341

14,455
24,468
13,105
11,363
16,054

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




30,495
12,555
6,344
6,211
10,878
5,767
5,111
7,062
3,988
3,074
4,244
2,563
1,682
1,126
696
430

163

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

20,692
2,179
1,130
1,049
2,527
11,474
5,234
2,671
2,563
3,716
2,122
1,594
2,524
1,343
1,181
2,110
1,101
1,010
2,402
880
1,523

13,205
889
344
545
1,782
9,190
4,226
2,135
2,092
3,069
1,755
1,314
1,894
1,044
849
1,069
661
407
276
165
110

63.8
40.8
30.4
51.9
70.5
80.1
80.8
79.9
81.6
82.6
82.7
82.4
75.0
77.7
71.9
50.6
60.1
40.3
11.5
18.8
7.2

11,658
601
223
378
1,433
8,346
3,725
1,859
1,866
2,839
1,615
1,224
1,783
984
798
1,018
628
389
261
156
104

1,547
288
121
167
349
843
502
276
226
230
140
90
111
60
51
51
33
18
15
9
6

11.7
32.4
35.1
30.7
19.6
9.2
11.9
12.9
10.8
7.5
8.0
6.8
5.9
5.7
6.0
4.8
5.0
4.4
5.5
5.5
5.5

7,487
1,291
787
504
745
2,285
1,007
536
471
647
367
280
630
298
332
1,041
439
602
2,126
715
1,411

2,756
101
28
74
280
1,274
592
305
287
347
201
145
335
170
164
431
201
230
670
238
432

1,340
956
636
320
237
142
97
61
35
37
24
12
8
5
3
4
4

9,289
1,074
569
505
1,151
5,144
2,367
1,208
1,159
1,656
946
709
1,121
597
524
951
498
453
970
384
586

6,596
469
186
283
913
4,510
2,114
1,071
1,043
1,459
842
617
936
515
420
565
343
223
139
78
60

71.0
43.8
32.7
56.0
79.3
87.7
89.3
88.7
90.0
88.2
89.0
87.0
83.5
86.4
80.2
59.4
68.8
49.2
14.3
20.4
10.3

5,824
316
122
193
736
4,107
1,881
945
936
1,348
774
573
878
485
392
536
324
212
131
74
57

771
154
64
90
177
402
233
126
107
111
68
44
58
30
28
30
19
11
8
5
3

11.7
32.7
34.4
31.7
19.4
8.9
11.0
11.8
10.3
7.6
8.0
7.1
6.2
5.8
6.7
5.2
5.5
4.7
5.6
6.1
4.9

2,694
606
383
222
238
635
253
137
116
196
104
92
185
81
104
386
155
230
831
306
525

111
8
4
5
8
54
25
13
12
13
6
6
16
7
9
15
7
8
26
8
18

630
478
321
157
101
48
35
21
13
11
7
3
2
1
1
2
2

11,402
1,105
561
544
1,376
6,330
2,867
1,463
1,404
2,060
1,176
885
1,403
746
657
1,159
603
557
1,432
496
937

6,609
419
158
262
869
4,680
2,112
1,064
1,049
1,610
913
697
958
529
429
504
319
185
137
87
50

58.0
37.9
28.1
48.2
63.2
73.9
73.7
72.7
74.7
78.1
77.6
78.8
68.3
70.9
65.3
43.4
52.9
33.2
9.6
17.5
5.4

5,834
285
101
184
697
4,239
1,844
914
930
1,491
841
651
905
499
406
482
305
177
129
82
47

776
134
57
78
172
441
269
150
119
118
72
46
53
30
23
22
14
7
7
4
3

11.7
32.0
35.9
29.6
19.8
9.4
12.7
14.1
11.3
7.4
7.9
6.6
5.6
5.7
5.4
4.3
4.5
4.0
5.4
4.9
6.3

4,793
685
403
282
507
1,650
754
399
355
451
263
188
445
217
228
656
284
372
1,295
409
886

2,644
93
24
69
272
1,220
567
292
275
334
195
139
319
163
155
416
194
222
644
230
414

710
478
315
163
136
94
62
40
22
26
17
9
6
4
2
2
1

1

683
7
3
4
34
267
72
30
42
77
40
37
118
49
70
152
75
77
223
62
160

2,709
227
120
106
193
603
247
140
107
187
100
86
169
74
95
454
160
295
1,232
414
818

360
5
1
4
24
162
50
22
28
51
26
25
61
28
34
87
46
41
82
30
52

1,592
115
58
56
104
370
143
81
63
122
64
58
105
45
60
281
100
181
722
267
455

323
2
2
10
105
22
8
14
26
14
12
57
21
36
65
30
36
141
32
108

1,117
112
62
50
89
233
104
59
44
65
36
28
64
29
35
173
59
114
510
147
363

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years

70 years and over ....

164




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Employed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

26,418
2,690
1,391
1,299
3,158
15,053
6,735
3,423
3,313
4,966
2,828
2,138
3,352
1,806
1,546
2,645
1,398
1,247
2,872
1,058
1,813

16,913
1,090
425
665
2,193
11,943
5,336
2,694
1,413
4,077
2,316
1,761
2,530
1,407
1,123
1,346
840
506
341
208
133

64.0
40.5
30.5
51.2
69.5
79.3
79.2
78.7
42.6
82.1
81.9
82.4
75.5
77.9
72.6
50.9
60.1
40.6
11.9
19.7
7.3

15,156
774
288
486
1,806
10,973
4,779
2,387
2,391
3,801
2,149
1,652
2,393
1,329
1,065
1,280
797
483
323
197
127

203
10
3
7
20
126
61
33
28
31
15
16
32
14
19
30
16
13
19
7
13

12,002
1,335
700
635
1,458
6,846
3,070
1,578
1,493
2,265
1,293
972
1,511
814
697
1,191
638
553
1,172
458
713

8,611
576
227
349
1,126
6,012
2,724
1,384
1,341
2,006
1,152
855
1,281
711
570
723
448
275
173
100
73

71.7
43.2
32.4
55.0
77.2
87.8
88.7
87.7
89.8
88.6
89.1
87.9
84.8
87.4
81.8
60.7
70.2
49.8
14.7
21.7
10.3

7,722
407
154
253
931
5,538
2,462
1,241
1,221
1,867
1,070
797
1,209
671
538
683
422
261
163
94
70

14,416
1,355
691
664
1,700
8,207
3,665
1,845
1,820
2,701
1,535
1,166
1,841
992
849
1,454
761
693
1,701
600
1,100

8,303
514
198
316
1,067
5,931
2,612
1,310
1,302
2,070
1,164
906
1,249
696
553
623
392
231
168
108
60

57.6
37.9
28.7
47.6
62.8
72.3
71.3
71.0
71.5
76.6
75.8
77.7
67.8
70.1
65.2
42.9
51.6
33.3
9.9
17.9
5.5

7,434
367
134
233
875
5,435
2,317
1,146
1,170
1,933
1,079
855
1,185
658
527
597
375
222
160
103
57

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

14,953
765
286
479
1,787
10,847
4,717
2,355
2,363
3,769
2,134
1,636
2,361
1,315
1,046
1,250
781
469
304
190
113

1,757
316
136
179
387
972
558
307
252
276
167
108
137
78
58
66
43
23
18
11
11

10.4
29.0
32.1
27.0
17.6
8.1
10.4
11.4
17.8
6.8
7.2
6.1
5.4
5.5
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.3
8.3

9,505
1,600
966
633
965
3,110
1,399
729
670
890
512
377
822
399
423
1,299
558
741
2,532
852
1,680

175
8
3
5
15
111
55
29
25
26
12
14
30
12
18
25
12
12
17
6
11

7,547
400
152
248
916
5,427
2,407
1,212
1,196
1,841
1,058
783
1,179
659
520
658
410
248
146
88
58

888
169
72
96
196
475
262
143
120
139
82
57
73
40
32
40
25
15
9
6
4

10.3
29.3
31.9
27.6
17.4
7.9
9.6
10.3
8.9
6.9
7.1
6.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.0

3,392
759
473
285
332
834
346
194
152
258
141
117
229
103
127
468
190
278
999
359
640

28
2

7,406
365
134
231
871
5,420
2,310
1,143
1,167
1,928
1,076
853
1,182
656
526
592
371
221
158
102
55

869
147
64
83
191
497
295
164
132
137
85
51
64
38
26
26
17
9
8
5
3

10.5
28.6
32.2
26.3
17.9
8.4
11.3
12.5
10.1
6.6
7.3
5.7
5.1
5.4
4.8
4.2
4.5
3.8
4.9
4.5
5.8

6,113
841
493
348
633
2,276
1,053
535
518
631
371
260
592
296
296
831
368
463
1,533
493
1,040

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




2
5
15
7
4
3
5
3
2
3
2
1
5
4
1
2
1
2

165

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total

Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

182,753
119,865
65.6
112,440
3,208
109,232
7,425
6.2
62,888

184,613
121,669
65.9
114,968
3,169
111,800
6,701
5.5
62,944

79,565
62,095
78.0
58,726
2,329
56,397
3,369
5.4
17,470

80,553
62,768
77.9
59,781
2,271
57,510
2,987
4.8
17,785

88,583
49,783
56.2
47,074
622
46,453
2,709
5.4
38,800

89,532
50,870
56.8
48,383
625
47,757
2,487
4.9
38,662

14,606
7,988
54.7
6,640
258
6,382
1,347
16.9
6,618

14,527
8,031
55.3
6,805
273
6,532
1,226
15.3
6,497

156,958
103,290
65.8
97,789
2,986
94,803
5,501
5.3
53,669

158,194
104,756
66.2
99,812
2,965
96,846
4,944
4.7
53,439

69,175
54,232
78.4
51,649
2,150
49,499
2,584
4.8
14,942

69,887
54,734
78.3
52,466
2,104
50,362
2,268
4.1
15,153

75,845
42,164
55.6
40,242
590
39,652
1,922
4.6
33,681

76,470
43,081
56.3
41,316
599
40,717
1,766
4.1
33,389

11,939
6,893
57.7
5,898
246
5,652
995
14.4
5,045

11,838
6,940
58.6
6,030
263
5,767
910
13.1
4,897

20,352
12,993
63.8
11,309
164
11,145
1,684
13.0
7,359

20,692
13,205
63.8
11,658
153
11,505
1,547
11.7
7,487

8,063
6,023
74.7
5,357
135
5,222
666
11.1
2,040

8,215
6,127
74.6
5,509
129
5,381
617
10.1
2,089

,0,126
6,071
60.0
5,365
20
5,345
706
11.6
4,054

10,298
6,190
60.1
5,548
18
5,530
642
10.4
4,108

2,163
899
41.6
587
9
578
312
34.7
1,264

2,179
889
40.8
601
7
594
288
32.4
1,291

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

166




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

12,823
8,835
3,988

6,274
3,895
2,380

48.9
44.1
59.7

5,585
3,355
2,230

1,137
363
775

4,447
2,992
1,456

689
540
149

116
67
49

573
473
100

11.0
13.9
6.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,636
6,187
5,155
1,032

2,778
3,496
2,582
914

41.9
56.5
50.1
88.6

2,330
3,255
2,387
868

172
966
414
551

2,158
2,289
1,972
317

448
241
196

53
64
42
21

395
178
153
24

16.1
6.9
7.6
5.0

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

6,532
4,492
2,040

3,133
1,951
1,181

48.0
43.4
57.9

2,762
1,659
1,102

601
200
401

2,160
1,459
701

371
292
79

66
38
29

305
255
50

11.8
15.0
6.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,511
3,021
2,563
458

1,472
1,660
1,247
413

41.9
55.0
48.7
90.2

1,220
1,541
1,153
389

114
488
238
249

1,106
1,054
915
139

252
119
94
25

31
35
23
12

222
63
71
12

17.1
7.2
7.5
6.0

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

6,291
4,343
1,948

3,142
1,943
1,198

44.7
61.5

2,823
1,696
1,128

536
163
373

2,287
1,533
754

318
248
70

50
30
21

268
218
50

10.1
12.8
5.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,125
3,166
2,592
574

1,306
1,836
1,335
501

41.8
58.0
51.5
87.2

1,110
1,713
1,234
480

58
478
176
302

1,052
1,235
1,057
178

196
123
102
21

22
28

174
94
82
12

15.0
6.7
7.6
4.2

10,434
7,119
3,314

5,435
3,385
2,050

52.1
47.5
61.8

4,921
2,981
1,939

1,000
321
679

3,921
2,660
1,261

514
404
110

84
49
35

430
355
75

9.5
11.9
5.4

Men
Women

5,324
5,109

2,697
2,739

50.6
53.6

2,418
2,503

524
476

1,894
2,027

279
236

48
36

230
200

10.3
8.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,236
5,198
4,318
879

2,391
3,044
2,248
796

45.7
58.6
52.1
90.5

2,059
2,862
2,101
762

146
854
363
491

1,912
2,008
1,737
271

333
181
147
34

39
45
28
16

293
137
119
18

13.9
6.0
6.6
4.3

1,788
1,353
435

614
399
216

34.4
29.5

458
276
183

101
31
71

357
245
112

156
123
33

28
17
11

128
106
22

25.4
30.9
15.3

888
900

317
297

35.7
33.0

233
225

56
45

177
180

84
72

15
13

69
59

26.5
24.3

1,133
655
553
103

315
300
223
77

27.8
45.8
40.4
74.7

211
248
181
66

21
80
36
44

189
168
145
23

104
52
42
10

12
15
11
4

91
37
31
6

33.0
17.4
18.8
13.4

972
707
265

418
247
171

43.0
34.9
64.4

347
190
158

101
30
71

246
159
87

15
9
6

55
48
7

16.8
23.2
7.6

Men
Women

488
484

209
209

42.8
43.1

174
174

57
44

117
129

28
27

16.9
16.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

592
380
278
102

194
224
136
87

32.8
58.8
49.1
85.3

142
205
124
81

25
76
23
53

117
129
101
28

43
12
9
3

26.8
8.2
8.7
7.4

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




167

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time'

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
20,139
5,693
14,446

16,261
4,136
12,125

80.7
72.7
83.9

14,464
3,450
11,014

11,855
2,199
9,657

2,608
1,251
1,357

1,797
686
1,111

1,520
524
995

277
161
116

11.1
16.6
9.2

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

5,551
9,414
3,558
1,615

3,582
7,947
3,200
1,532

64.5
84.4
89.9
94.9

2,865
7,141
2,999
1,459

1,983
6,006
2,520
1,347

882
1,135
479
112

717

576
707
166
70

141

201
73

98
35
3

20.0
10.1
6.3
4.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,703
2,812
6,891

8,621
2,208
6,413

88.8
78.5
93.1

7,648
1,832
5,816

6,585
1,262
5,323

1,064
571
493

972
375
597

862
300
562

110
75
35

11.3
17.0
9.3

2,930
4,473
1,590
709

2,283
4,175

77.9
93.3
93.0
96.5

1,852

1,402
3,367
1,202

61
33
16

614

182
37

430
414
95
33

369

3,761
1,384
651

450
394

1,479
684

18.8
9.9
6.4
4.8

10,436
2,881
7,555

7,640
1,928
5,712

73.2
66.9
75.6

6,815
1,617
5,198

5,271
937
4,334

1,545
681
864

825
311
514

658
224
433

167
86
81

10.8
16.1

2,621
4,941
1,969

49.6
76.3
87.4
93.6

1,012
3,380
1,615

580
2,640
1,318
733

432
741

287

906

1,299
3,772
1,721
848

297
75

106
40

207
326
87
38

80
66
19
3

22.1
10.4
6.1
4.7

16,680
4,718
11,962

13,817
3,555
10,261

82.8
75.4
85.8

12,547
3,049
9,498

10,343
1,955
8,387

2,204
1,093
1,111

1,270
506
763

1,062
386
677

207
121
87

14.2
7.4

Men
Women

8,116
8,564

7,354
6,463

90.6
75.5

6,654
5,894

5,766
4,577

887
1,317

701
569

618
444

83
125

9.5
8.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,457
7,796
2,973
1,454

3,004
6,726
2,698
1,389

67.4
86.3
90.8
95.5

2,485
6,169
2,564
1,328

1,735
5,219
2,163
1,226

750
951
402
102

519
557

411
486

134
60

107
58

108
70
27
2

17.3
8.3
5.0
4.3

2,919
827
2,092

2,057
490

70.5
59.3
74.9

1,576
325
1,250

1,242
197
1,045

334
128
206

481
165
316

418
128
290

63
37
26

23.4
33.6
20.2

Men
Women

1,338
1,581

1,065

79.6
62.7

818
757

675
567

143
191

247
234

223
195

23
39

23.2
23.6

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

941
1,407
475

52.2
75.8
86.0
94.5

307
835
349
84

198
676

109
159
60
5

184
232
59
7

155
206
51
6

29
25

37.4
21.7

96

491
1,066
408
91

2,330
647
1,683

1,739
424
1,316

74.7
65.5
78.2

1,517
334
1,183

1,280
229
1,051

237
104
133

223
90
132

189
69
121

33
22
11

12.8
21.3
10.1

Men
Women

1,198
1,132

1,066
673

89.0
59.5

933
584

819
461

114
123

133

120
70

13
20

12.5
13.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,160

760
713
216
50

65.5
82.0
88.1
90.2

634
634
202
47

524
538
173
45

109
96
29
3

126
79
14
3

106

20
10
3

16.6

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

806

392

381

79
33

9.0

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9.2

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,567

290
79

14.4
7.4

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

869
245
56

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

168




69
12
3

11.1
6.6
5.8

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
1988
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

95,214
2,562
455
2,105
92,653
10,431
82,222
71,186
11,036

93,454
2,436
428
2,007
91,019
10,141
80,877
70,024
10,853

1,760
126
27
98
1,634
290
1,345
1,162
183

19,754
4,243
2,257
1,986
15,510
2,813
12,699
9,105
3,594

16,308
3,674
2,048
1,626
12,633
2,186
10,448
7,227
3,221

3,446
569
209
360
2,877
627
2,251
1,878
373

5,357
592
160
431
4,765
1,044
3,722
3,375
347

1,343
634
413
222
709
216
492
376
116

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

56,816
1,462
55,353
5,724
49,631
42,614
7,017

55,780
1,390
54,390
5,552
48,839
41,932
6,907

1,036
72
963
172
792
682
110

6,457
2,029
4,427
1,195
3,234
1,748
1,485

5,019
1,747
3,272
904
2,369
1,043
1,326

1,438
282
1,155
291
865
705
159

3,116
338
2,778
590
2,188
1,956
233

539
330
209
86
123
67
56

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

38,398
1,099
37,299
4,707
32,591
28,572
4,018

37,674
1,046
36,628
4,589
32,039
28,092
3,946

724
53
671
118
552
480
72

13,298
2,214
11,084
1,618
9,465
7,358
2,108

11,289
1,927
9,362
1,282
8,080
6,185
1,895

2,009
287
1,722
336
1,385
1,173
213

2,241
254
1,987
454
1,533
1,419
114

805
305
500
130
370
310
60

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

49,998
1,303
48,696
4,987
43,709
37,402
6,306

49,118
1,240
47,879
4,843
43,036
36,825
6,211

880
63
817
144
673
577
95

5,551
1,781
3,770
1,000
2,772
1,421
1,350

4,411
1,544
2,867
771
2,097
879
1,217

1,140
237
903
229
675
542
133

2,355
252
2,104
414
1,690
1,495
194

411
247
164
66
97
52
45

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

32,402
974
31.427
4,078
27,349
23,853
3,497

31,822
929
30,892
3,985
26,908
23,471
3,437

580
45
535
93
441
382
60

11,860
1,972
9,888
1,371
8,516
6,643
1,874

10,232
1,720
8,512
1,115
7,397
5,697
1,701

1,628
252
1,376
256
1,119
946
173

1,551
183
1,368
297
1,070
980
89

626
228
398
96
302
253
49

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,152
127
5,025
604
4,420
3,864
556

5,021
120
4,901
581
4,319
3,776
543

131
7
124
23
101
88
13

673
188
485
132
352
242
111

423
152
271
81
190
102
88

250
36
214
51
162
140
23

658
79
579
160
419
390
29

113
75
38
17
21
12

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,736
101
4,636
511
4,126
3,713
413

4,621
94
4,528
491
4,037
3,634
403

115
7
108
20
89
79
10

1,097
185
912
186
726
528
198

775
155
620
116
504
340
164

322
30
292
70
222
188
34

621
66
555
141
412
392
20

155
68
87
31
55
47
8

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

169

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
Other
to
reasons
work

Total, 16 years and over1

98,537

66.4

93,055

5,482

5.6 49,916

22,791

6,907

2,265

17,953

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,832
25,564
974
13,294

78.3
92.0
91.5
60.4

38,596
24,859
861
12,876

1,236
705
113
418

3.1 11,020
2.8 2,219
91
11.6
3.1 8,709

205
77
3
124

193
101
3
89

870
312
18
541

9,752
1,730
66
7,955

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

28,848
25,720
818
2,310

56.7
66.6
66.2
21.0

27,784
24,859
705
2,219

1,064
861
113
91

3.7 22,003
3.3 12,876
418
13.8
3.9 8,709

17,881
11,480
368
6,033

317
256
10
51

357
128
10
219

3,448
1,013
30
2,406

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

13,618
5,274
4,894
3,450

64.8
55.6
77.5
66.0

12,202
4,604
4,462
3,136

1,416
670
432
314

10.4
12.7
8.8
9.1

7,412
4,212
1,422
1,778

751
116
126
509

4,504
3,415
976
113

340
20
41
279

1,816
661
280
875

Women who maintain families

6,665

62.1

6,121

543

8.2

4,060

2,772

190

209

889

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,575
1,472
1,564
2,540

60.1
49.0
75.3
60.5

4,694
1,118
1,313
2,263

882
354
251
277

15.8
24.0
16.1
10.9

3,702
1,532
512
1,658

769
105
123
541

1,386
1,122
199
65

315
11
30
274

1,231
295
160
776

Men who maintain families

2,188

76.4

2,045

142

6.5

675

47

31

85

512

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,811
346
482
983

63.4
56.3
78.4
60.5

1,613
278
431
904

198
68
51
79

11.0
19.6
10.6
8.0

1,045
269
133
643

366
18
36
312

286
202
59
25

89
1
5
83

305
47
33
225

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in
married-couple families where the husband or wife is in the Armed
Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

170




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status
estimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differences
in definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

1987

1988

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,101
1,625

3,655
1,360
471
1,824

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,132

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons
1987

1988

11.1

5.5
3.3
7.0
9.9

3,324
1,273
727
1,323

5.4
3.6
6.8
9.4

4.7
3.0
6.1
8.5

2,369

1,401

2,766
1,125
344
1,297

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

826
206
113
507

771
185
112
474

12.7
6.5

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,590
1,487
468
636

2,311
1,254
445

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,016

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




Unemployment
rates
1987

1988

3,046
1,166
665
1,215

6.2
4.3
7.0
9.5

5.6
3.9
6.3
8.6

815

2,177
959
464
754

5.2
4.0
6.1
7.3

4.7
3.6
5.5
6.6

11.9
21.5

11.7
5.8
11.5
19.4

858
183
200
476

776
162
186
428

13.2
7.6
10.9
20.9

11.7
6.7
9.9
18.3

612

4.8
3.7
7.4
8.0

4.2
3.1
6.8
7.2

2,034
1,040
647
346

1,903
967
601
334

4.8
3.9
6.5
6.0

4.3
3.5
5.9
5.5

1,239
350
426

1,787
1,036
325
426

4.2
3.5
6.7
6.5

3.7
2.9
6.0
6.1

1,473
855
448
169

1,372
795
413
165

4.1
3.6
5.7
3.9

3.7
3.2
5.1
3.6

480
190
105
185

440
171
106
164

9.4
6.2

8.4
5.6
11.2
13.5

495
146
182
168

469
133
174
162

9.6
6.6
10.3
14.3

8.8
6.0
9.6
12.6

498
1,978

1,359
373

1987

1988

6.2
3.9
7.6

11.3

16.2

1,045

509

171

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
10. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

6,701

6.2

5.5

6.2

5.5

6.2

5.6

650
350
300

577
311
266

2.3
2.6
2.0

1.9
2.1
1.7

2.2
2.4
2.0

1.8
2.0
1.6

2.4
2.9
2.1

2.1
2.3
1.9

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,595
104
691
799

1,479

95
652
732

4.3
3.0
4.9
4.2

4.0
2.6
4.5
3.9

3.7
3.2
3.4
4.5

3.3
2.4
3.1
4.3

4.7
2.8
6.4
4.1

4.3
2.8
6.0
3.8

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,259
55
94
1,110

1,136
54
81
1,000

7.7
5.6
4.7
8.3

6.9
5.7
4.0
7.4

7.5
7.9
4.3
8.7

6.7
11.2
3.5
7.8

7.8
5.5
7.0
8.1

7.0
5.4
7.0
7.2

875
191
470
214

773
166
405
202

6.1
4.1
8.6
5.0

5.4
3.6
7.4
4.7

6.0
4.1
8.5
4.7

5.3
3.5
7.3
4.5

6.4
3.5
14.4
5.9

5.7
5.5
8.5
5.4

1,820
777
366
677
189
488

1,620
673
317
630
192
439

9.4
8.9
7.2
12.4
19.8
10.8

8.3
7.7
6.2
11.5

8.1
6.7
6.2
11.7

9.9
10.0
6.1
11.0

8.9
9.0
5.2
10.3

19.4

9.3
8.0
7.3
12.7
19.6

19.3

O

9.7

10.9

9.7

10.6

O

Farming, forestry, and fishing

268

260

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.8

7.6

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

921
618
172
131

818
552
152
114

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.

172




1987

1988

7,425

Women

Men

Total

9.9

8.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

I
Jnemployment rates

Total

Men

Total
1987

1987

Women

1987

1988

7,425

6,701

6.2

5.5

6.2

5.5

6.2

5.6

5,520

5,028

6.2

5.5

6.3

5.6

6.0

5.5

87
724

62
669

7.9
10.6

10.7
12.0

8.5
11.1

5.7
7.7

4.6
6.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,305
749
59
40
38
63
93
131
108
153
99
54
27
36
556
159
43
123
30
79
51
41
30

1,161
653
59
37
33
38
76
107
104
143
80
63
23
31
508
152
40
104
25
78
37
48
26

6.0
5.8
8.0
6.1
6.2
7.3
7.0
5.2
4.9
5.7
7.9
3.7
3.9
6.9
6.3
8.6
5.7
9.7
3.9
4.4
4.1
5.4
7.5

5.3
5.0
7.9
5.3
5.4
4.5
5.6
4.1
4.9
5.3
6.3
4.4
3.3
5.9
5.7
8.3
5.3
8.2
3.2
4.2
2.9
5.6
6.5

5.4
5.6
8.0
5.9
6.5
6.9
6.9
4.8
4.3
5.3
7.0
3.7
3.7
6.5
5.0
7.3
4.1
6.2
3.9
4.1
3.5
5.2
5.3

4.7
4.7
8.2
4.5
5.1
4.6
5.5
3.7
4.0
4.9
5.6
4.2
3.4
5.6
4.7
7.2
4.8
8.2
2.6
3.5
2.5
4.9
5.9

7.2
6.4
8.1
6.5
5.0
10.0
7.3
6.2
5.6
7.1
11.5
3.7
4.2
7.3
8.0
11.3
7.5
10.7
4.0
4.8
5.3
5.9
10.9

6.4
5.8
6.3
7.1
6.3
4.0
5.7
5.3
6.1
6.8
9.1
5.2
3.1
6.8
6.9
10.7
5.9
8.2
5.2
5.1
3.6
6.8
7.7

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

277
210
67
1,582
201
1,381
225
1,320
489
831

246
191
55
1,433
187
1,246
221
1,236
445
791

4.5
5.9
2.5
6.9
4.5
7.5
3.1
5.4
3.6
7.7

3.9
5.2
2.1
6.2
4.3
6.7
3.0
4.9
3.2
7.1

4.5
6.0
2.2
6.2
4.2
6.9
3.2
5.8
3.4
7.7

3.9
5.2
1.8
5.6
3.8
6.2
2.8
5.0
2.9
6.7

4.2
5.4
3.2
7.7
5.3
8.0
3.1
5.2
3.7
7.6

3.7
5.1
2.5
6.9
5.3
7.1
3.2
4.9
3.3
7.5

191
794
921

192
661
818

10.5
2.9
_

10.6
2.4
_

10.3
2.8
_

10.2
2.3
_

11.2
2.9
_

12.0
2.4
_

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid famiy workers
No previous work experience




10.0
11.6

1988

1988

1987

1988

173

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason for unemployment

Total
unemployed

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
1987

1988

1987

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

1988

White

Black

1987

1988

1,226
207
49
158
159
310
550

5,501
2,704
782
1,922
784
1,401
613

4,944
2,338
704
1,634
776
1,298
532

1,684
761
144
617
151
501
271

1,547
674
127
546
180
445
249

100.0
15.6
3.4
12.2
10.8
27.8
45.8

100.0
16.9
4.0
12.9
13.0
25.3
44.9

100.0
49.1
14.2
34.9
14.2
25.5
11.1

100.0
47.2
14.2
33.0
15.7
26.2
10.8

100.0
45.2
8.6
36.6
8.9
29.8
16.1

100.0
43.6
8.2
35.3
11.6
28.7
16.1

2.7
1.8
4.7
7.7

2.6
2.0
3.9
6.8

2.7

2.3
.7
1.2
.5

5.9
1.2
3.9
2.1

5.1
1.4
3.4
1.9

1987

1987

1988

7,425
3,566
943
2,623
965
1,974
920

6,701
3,092
851
2,241
983
1,809
816

3,369
2,289
613
1,676
413
558
108

2,987
1,939
544
1,395
416
534
98

2,709
1,067
285
782
406
1,041
194

2,487
946
258
688
408
965
168

1,347
210
45
165
146
375
617

100.0
48.0
12.7
35.3
13.0
26.6
12.4

100.0
46.1
12.7
33.4
14.7
27.0
12.2

100.0
68.0
18.2
49.8
12.3
16.6
3.2

100.0
64.9
18.2
46.7
13.9
17.9
3.3

100.0
39.4
10.5
28.9
15.0
38.4
7.2

100.0
38.1
10.4
27.7
16.4
38.8
6.8

3.0
.8
1.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

3.7
.7
.9
.2

3.1
.7
.9
.2

2.2
.8
2.1
.4

1.9
.8
1.9
.3

1988

1987

1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

174




1.4
.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
1988
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

Total, 16 years and over...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over .....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

46.0

3,092
851
2,241
983
1,809
816

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,987

Thousands
of persons

Percent

6,701

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

30.0

24.0

12.0

12.1

37.1
51.1
31.8
52.6
53.1
56.2

31.6
30.4
32.0
30.2
27.9
28.1

31.3
18.4
36.2
17.2
19.1
15.8

15.6
12.8
16.6
8.8
9.1
8.3

15.7
5.7
19.5
8.4
9.9
7.4

100.0

37.4

31.0

31.6

14.6

17.0

1,939
544
1,395
416
534
98

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.0
48.9
28.1
46.0
43.1
37.2

31.3
30.8
31.5
31.2
29.7
31.1

34.7
20.3
40.4
22.7
27.2
31.6

16.2
14.2
17.0
10.1
12.3
12.7

18.5
6.0
23.3
12.6
14.9
19.0

2,487

100.0

48.9

29.4

21.7

11.5

10.3

946
258
688
408
965
168

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.1
52.6
34.0
54.0
55.5
54.2

32.3
30.3
33.0
29.9
27.0
25.5

28.6
17.1
33.0
16.1
17.5
20.3

15.9
11.3
17.7
9.4
8.6
7.8

12.7
5.8
15.3
6.8
8.9
12.5

1,226

100.0

61.3

28.5

10.2

6.6

3.6

207
49
158
159
310
550

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

58.0
68.3
54.7
66.5
62.8
60.1

30.9
26.7
32.2
28.2
27.4
28.3

11.1
5.0
13.0
5.3
9.8
11.5

7.7
4.3
8.8
3.7
5.4
7.7

3.4
.7
4.2
1.6
4.4
3.8

14. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

7,425

6,701

100.0

100.0

5,979

5,357

100.0

100.0

3,246
2,196
1,606
589
1,983
943
1,040
438
602

3,084
2,007
1,485
521
1,610
801
809
312
496

43.7
29.6
21.6
7.9
26.7
12.7
14.0
5.9
8.1

46.0
30.0
22.2
7.8
24.0
12.0
12.1
4.7
7.4

2,362
1,813
1,308
506
1,804
837
967
406
561

2,225
1,662
1,214
448
1,470
722
749
291
458

39.5
30.3
21.9
8.5
30.2
14.0
16.2
6.8
9.4

41.5
31.0
22.7
8.4
27.4
13.5
14.0
5.4
8.5

14.5
6.5

13.5
5.9

16.1
7.6

15.0
7.0

175

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
15. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
and
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
over
Less
than

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

1988

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

1987

1988

1987

1988

3,084
751
666
832
441
229
127
38

2,007
350
359
604
369
199
101
26

801
81
134
247
164
108
59
9

809
44
102
246
192
121
89
14

13.5
7.0
10.5
13.9
16.9
18.7
21.9
18.0

5.9
4.1
4.7
6.5
7.9
9.0
10.0
6.9

43.7
59.1
48.6
40.6
36.6
34.3
31.6
41.0

46.0
61.3
52.8
43.1
37.9
34.9
33.8
43.1

26.7
12.0
20.9
28.6
33.9
38.7
40.9
33.3

24.0
10.2
18.7
25.6
30.5
34.9
39.2
27.1

1,125
199
205
333
202
106
66
15

486
51
83
146
96
66
39
5

536
27
61
165
120
88
65
10

15.6
7.5
11.5
16.1
19.7
22.8
24.6
20.3

7.0
4.3
5.4
7.7
9.5

49

1,507
391
327
396
197
105
71
20

39.4
56.4
44.0
37.0
30.9
28.8
27.3
39.8

41.2
58.5
48.3
38.1
32.0
28.8
29.7
40.4

30.9
13.5
24.3
32.3
40.0
44.8
46.0
35.3

28.0
11.7
21.4
29.9
35.2
42.1
43.0
29.6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,046
558
585
889
550
291
136
38

1,577
360
339
436
244
124
56
18

882
151
154
271
166
92
36
11

315
30
51
101
68
42
20
4

272
17
41
81
72
33
24
5

11.0
6.5
9.4
11.4
13.8
13.5
17.2
15.0

4.8
3.9
4.3
5.2
6.3
6.8
7.6
5.8

49.1
62.4
53.8
44.8
43.3
42.0
38.8

21.5
10.1
16.9
24.1
26.7
30.0
32.4

O

51.8
64.5
58.0
49.1
44.4
42.6
41.2
46.7

O

19.3
8.4
15.6
20.4
25.3
25.7
32.6
23.8

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,944
2,766
2,177

2,332
1,166
1,167

1,468
841
627

588
369
219

555
390
165

12.9
15.2
10.0

5.6
6.8
4.7

44.9
40.4
50.8

47.2
42.1
53.6

25.7
30.0
19.9

23.1
27.4
17.6

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,547
771
776

656
296
361

476
245
232

187
101
86

227
129
97

15.4
16.9
14.0

6.9
7.9
5.9

39.8
35.0
44.5

42.4
38.3
46.5

29.9
34.4
25.7

26.8
29.9
23.6

1,360

471
1,824

455
176
876

429
139
557

216
61
210

260
95
182

18.9
19.5
12.1

9.1
8.3
5.5

32.8
32.0
46.6

33.4
37.4
48.0

38.2
38.1
23.2

35.0
33.0
21.4

1,166
665

594
301
682

341
202
339

129
84
102

103
78
91

10.8
13.4
10.0

4.9
6.2
4.5

48.3
41.4
54.1

51.0
45.2
56.2

21.4
29.2
17.4

19.8
24.4
16.0

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,701
1,226
1,261

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,655
667
676
1,040
617
366
240

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.

176




1,929
1,166
657
375
87

1,215

11.0
11.4

7.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
16. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Occupation and industry

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks

1987 1988 1987 1988

1988
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

577
1,479
1,136
773
1,620
260

233
690
579
315
672
118

180
451
324
243
487
79

91
176
107
107
215
34

73
162
125
108
247
29

14.4
12.8
12.2
15.2
15.7
13.3

7.4
5.8
4.9
7.1
7.0
6.1

38.3
45.1
47.5
39.2
38.9
46.3

40.4
46.7
51.0
40.7
41.4
45.5

31.1
25.3
23.3
30.4
31.6
24.4

28.4
22.9
20.5
27.8
28.5
24.1

192
690
1,163
655
508
284
1,441
1,705
181

90
301
456
234
222
111
709
789
74

63
220
346
194
153
87
437
511
52

23
91
167
100
68
40
141
213
27

16
78
194
128
66
46
154
191
28

11.0
13.2
16.8
18.7
14.2
16.1
12.2
13.1
16.0

5.7
6.5
7.7
8.9
6.4
7.7
5.2
5.9
7.7

48.8
39.9
36.9
34.4
40.4
39.1
45.7
45.4
37.0

47.0
43.7
39.2
35.7
43.7
39.0
49.2
46.3
40.8

22.1
28.0
34.3
36.3
31.6
30.7
24.3
24.9
35.1

20.2
24.4
31.0
34.8
26.2
30.2
20.5
23.8
30.4

818

460

229

68

61

10.2

4.4

53.6

56.2

17.8

15.7

INDUSTRY
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.




177

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

Other

7.3
3.4
7.5
7.5
9.9
10.1
7.8
4.1

74.6
80.9
75.2
73.4
72.6
72.0
67.6
69.9

34.9
23.6
35.6
38.7
40.0
36.3
37.8
28.8

18.0
15.2
18.2
18.4
19.3
19.0
20.3
20.5

5.0
3.5
4.0
5.1
5.7
8.0
6.8
6.8

1.61
1.38
1.62
1.67
1.73
1.70
1.61
1.45

22.9
12.4
23.0
26.2
29.7
25.5
23.2
14.6

7.2
3.1
7.9
7.7
10.3
8.5
8.1
4.9

75.6
81.6
77.0
74.8
73.6
71.3
67.0
73.2

32.9
20.6
33.7
36.3
38.7
34.8
40.0
24.4

20.3
17.1
21.5
21.1
20.9
22.3
20.0
19.5

5.6
2.9
3.7
5.3
7.5
10.3
8.6
7.3

1.64
1.38
1.67
1.72
1.81
1.73
1.67
1.44

2,708
533
530
794
474
234
111
32

19.1
10.7
20.6
21.9
21.3
23.1
16.2

7.3
3.8
7.2
7.3
9.5
12.0
7.2

73.5
80.1
73.4
71.9
71.5
72.2
68.5

37.1
27.2
37.7
41.1
41.4
38.5
34.2

15.5
12.9
14.7
15.5
17.7
15.4
20.7

4.4
4.1
4.3
4.8
3.8
5.1
4.5

1.57
1.39
1.58
1.62
1.65
1.66
1.51

O

O

O

O

4,944
2,766
2,177

4,122
2,220
1,902

20.4
22.5
18.0

7.6
7.4
7.7

74.5
75.5
73.4

36.8
34.6
39.3

17.9
20.1
15.4

5.1
5.9
4.3

1.62
1.66
1.58

1,547
771
776

1,409
686
723

23.0
24.1
22.0

6.1
5.8
6.4

75.7
77.1
74.3

29.2
27.3
31.1

18.2
20.4
16.0

4.5
4.2
4.7

1.57
1.59
1.54

Private
employment
agency

515
296
73

21.1
11.6
21.8
24.1
25.5
24.7
20.9
15.1

617
366
240
49

3,004
621
573
823
478
282
185
41

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,046
558
585
889
550
291
136
38

White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women
Black, 16 years and over ..,
Men
Women

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,701

5,711
1,155
1,104
1,617
952

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

3,655
667
676

20 to 24 years
J25
35
45
55
65

to 34 years
to 44 years
to 54 years
to 64 years
years and over

1,226
1,261

1,929
1,166
657
375
87

1,040

O

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed
because it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new

178




Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

Public
employment
agency

Total
unemployed

job within 30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not
collected. The percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,701
3,092
983
1,809
816

5,711
2,233
985
1,687
806

21.1
27.0
21.1
17.4
12.7

7.3
7.8
9.3
7.0
3.7

74.6
75.9
74.6
71.0
78.8

34.9
37.0
41.3
34.3
22.5

18.0
20.4
16.5
17.0
15.6

5.0
5.4
3.9
6.0
3.5

1.61
1.74
1.67
1.53
1.37

Men, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,655
2,078
503
697
376

3,004
1,491
502
640
371

22.9
27.5
22.9
18.4
12.7

7.2
7.3
8.8
7.8
3.8

75.6
76.1
76.9
70.6
80.3

32.9
35.1
38.0
31.4
19.7

20.3
21.1
18.9
20.5
18.3

5.6
6.1
3.8
7.2
3.0

1.64
1.73
1.69
1.56
1.38

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers'
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,046
1,014

2,708
742
483
1,047
435

19.1
26.0
19.3
17.0
12.6

7.3
8.9
9.7
6.7
3.7

73.5
75.6
72.3
71.2
77.5

37.1
40.8
44.9
36.1
24.8

15.5
19.0
14.1
14.7
13.3

4.4
4.0
3.9
5.3
3.9

1.57
1.74
1.64
1.51
1.36

480
1,112
440

Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

179

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men

Total

Women

Industry and age

All industries

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years .1,38H
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

60 to 64 years
65 years and over

180




1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

112,440
6,640
2,736
3,905

62,107
3,381
1,393
1,988

63,273
3,492
1,403
2,089
6,918
44,360
18,702

50,334
3,260
1,343
1,917
6,466
34,635
14,617
12,281
7,737
4,783
2,922
1,861

51,696
3,313

3,041

114,968
6,805
2,713
4,092
13,244
80,290
33,574
28,269
18,447
11,433
6,891
4,541
3,197

3,208
258
132
126

3,169
273
129
144

2,543
214
110
104

2,493
222
102
119
1,387

792
566
462
458
238
220
295

786
574
453
433
237
196
294

627
423
338
359
180
179
255

624
429
334
340
184
156
251

109,232
6,382
2,603
3,779
13,146
75,952
32,313
26,613
17,025
11,007
6,711
4,295
2,746

111,800
6,532
2,584
3,948
12,888
78,477
32,788

59,564
3,167

60,780
3,270
1,300
1,970
6,626
42,973
18,078

49,668
3,216
1,321

51,020
3,262

1,895

1,978
6,262
35,504

15,029
9,867
6,251
3,770

12,138
7,612

2,481

1,819

8,128
4,748
2,884
1,864

1,660

1,152

1,244

13,524
77,771

33,105
27,179
17,487
11,465

6,949
4,515

27,695
17,994
10,999
6,654
4,345
2,903

7,058

43,136
18,487

14,898
9,750
6,682
4,027
2,655
1,850

1,282

1,884
6,731
41,749
17,860
14,475
9,413
6,323
3,847
2,476

1,595

15,457
10,201

6,591
3,954
2,638
1,911

1,310
2,003
6,326

35,929
14,872
12,811
8,246

1,191

4,841
2,938
1,904
1,286

666
44
22
22
432

676
51
26
25
426

165

162

143

145

124
99

119

58

41
39

6,414
34,203
14,453

4,683
2,864

93
54
40
42

1,284

14,710
12,666

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
20. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
1987

Total

1988

Women

Men
16 years
and over
1987

1988

112,440 114,968 62,107 63,273

20 years
and over
1987

1988

16 years
and over
1987

1988

20 years
and over
1987

1988

58,726 59,781 50,334 51,696 47,074 48,383

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

27,742 29,190 15,457 16,139 15,361 16,038 12,286 13,050 12,169 12,931
8,263 8,626 8,223 8,578 5,053 5,590 5,006 5,541
13,316 14,216
334
334
214
231
330
215
563
549
232
329
9,882 6,082 6,432 6,047 6,392 3,108 3,449 3,074 3,411
9,190
1,909 1,718 1,899
3,577 3,772
1,863
1,842 1,857 1,731
1,846
14,426 14,974
7,194
7,513
7,139 7,459 7,232 7,460 7,164 7,389
131
1,673
1,609 1,671
1,611
1,805
120
120
1,731
132
732
488
450
451
685
233
243
487
233
244
395
388
94
95
300
294
94
295
95
300
818
793
148
669
662
662
131
669
131
149
1,827
295
2,154
2,148
325
293
1,853 1,829 1,851
323
700
661
414
415
241
268
431
245
270
428
3,587 3,773
1,021
933
1,011 2,642 2,751 2,615 2,721
945
707
147
567
568
757
139
610
609
139
147
1,952
3,727 3,840
1,996
1,915 1,962 1,775 1,843 1,740 1,810

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,082 35,532 12,378 12,494 11,756 11,833 22,704 23,038 20,981 21,248
3,346 3,521
1,833
1,691
1,721
1,799 1,624 1,688 1,606 1,667
1,226
1,142
177
955
1,004
213
962
179
1,013
210
1,146
1,100
882
213
235
903
866
218
243
883
1,149
1,104
427
716
648
444
660
438
433
706
13,480 13,747
7,025 6,642 6,615 6,465 6,722 5,464 5,667
7,015
3,572 3,658 2,436
2,434
2,417 2,406 1,136 1,224 1,114 1,194
2,410
2,330
957
1,418
1,382 1,400
1,395
901
935
992
1,551
1,544
1,271
1,280
290
1,253
264
258
298
1,246
5,973 6,068
1,903
1,554 1,546 4,089 4,165 3,153 3,188
1,884
59
60
17
41
19
38
39
19
42
16
18,256 18,264 3,642 3,636 3,423 3,419 14,614 14,628 13,910 13,914
441
764
321
310
411
311
723
409
443
319
544
869
914
573
574
295
296
603
311
282
5,004 4,876
90
85
93
84 4,911 4,786 4,698 4,588
2,414
216
219
225
2,469
206 2,245 2,197 2,197 2,152
596
597
334
627
936
319
322
961
340
573
2,118
1,917 1,955 6,110 6,287 5,714 5,866
8,405 2,075
8,185

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,054 15,332
934
909
1,944
1,907
12,213 12,479
5,204 5,182
1,977
1,873
2,994
2,886
2,327
2,249

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,568
4,445
5,011
4,112

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




5,924
34
1,637
4,253
1,958
191
1,683
421

6,056
34
1,664
4,358
1,989
212
1,718
440

4,987
22
1,591
3,374
1,318
174
1,519
363

5,132
25
1,615
3,492
1,343
198
1,564
387

9,130
900
271
7,960
3,246
1,682
1,203
1,828

9,275
875
279
8,121
3,193
1,765
1,276
1,887

7,988
710
243
7,036
2,595
1,602
1,133
1,705

8,176
724
250
7,202
2,546
1,688
1,205
1,763

13,664 12,416 12,474
4,295
4,454
4,307
5,098 4,915
4,991
4,112
3,205 3,176

12,106
4,196
4,754
3,157

12,159
4,207
4,834
3,118

1,153
150
96
907

1,190
147
107
936

1,125
147
93
885

1,155
144
102
909

17,486 17,814 12,978 13,234 11,866
4,806
4,522
4,699
7,994 8,117
3,850 3,950 3,721
6,640 6,751
2,545
2,430
2,503
3,663 3,713
1,405
1,291
1,346
2,978
3,038
1,354
856
800
850
1,366
4,712
4,397
4,173
4,317
4,831
3,489 3,592 3,136
3,206 3,013
1,223
1,191
1,160
1,181
1,238
4,779
3,171
3,962 4,031
4,866
766
742
771
655
799
4,013
4,068
3,220 3,259 2,516

12,041
4,610
3,810
2,468
1,342
800
4,253
3,083
1,170
3,177
682
2,496

4,508
3,295
2,791
1,159
1,631
504
395
353
43
817
25
793

4,580
3,311
2,801
1,168
1,633
510
434
386
47
835
27
808

4,303
3,200
2,719
1,136
1,583
481
384
341
42
720
23
697

4,363
3,214
2,729
1,143
1,586
485
419
374
46
729
23
706

2,578
1,081
1,497

554
196
358

562
193
369

507
194
314

510
191
319

3,507
1,317
2,190

3,437
1,286
2,151

2,954
1,121
1,832

2,875
1,093
1,782

2,650
1,112
1,538

181

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
21. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total

Women

Occupation and race

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

112,440
100.0

114,968
100.0

62,107
100.0

63,273
100.0

50,334
100.0

51,696
100.0

24.7
11.8

25.4
12.4
13.0
30.9
3.1
12.0
15.9
13.3
.8
1.7
10.9
11.9

24.9
13.3

25.5
13.6

11.6

11.9
19.7

25.2
10.8
14.4
44.6
3.3
13.0
28.3
17.9

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

7.1
4.2
4.2
3.0

19.9
2.8
11.3
5.9
9.5
.1
2.6
6.8
20.0
20.9
7.6
7.0
6.4
4.8

20.9
7.6
6.9
6.4
4.5

24.4
10.0
14.4
45.1
3.2
12.8
29.0
18.1
1.8
.5
15.8
2.3
9.0
6.5
.8
1.6
1.1

97,789
100.0

99,812
100.0

54,647
100.0

55,550
100.0

43,142
100.0

44,262
100.0

25.7
12.5

26.5
13.0

25.9
14.0

26.6
14.4

25.3
10.5

26.3
11.4

13.2

13.4

14.8

31.2
3.0
12.5
15.7
12.1
.7
1.6
9.9
12.3

11.9
20.2
2.8

12.2

31.6
3.0
12.6
16.1

19.9
2.9

46.1
3.2
13.4

14.9
45.4
3.2

12.8
31.2
3.0

12.0
16.2
13.4
.8
1.7
10.9

12.1
15.6
7.1
4.2
4.3
3.1

15.5

2.9
11.1
5.7
9.6
.1
2.6
6.9
19.7

1.7
.5

15.7
2.3
8.9
6.4
.8
1.6
1.1

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.2
.7

1.6
9.9

11.9
5.5
8.5
.1
2.5
6.0
20.6

11.7
5.3
8.6

O

29.5

16.8
1.6
.5

13.5
28.7
16.6

14.8
23
8.2
5.9
.8
1.5
1.2

1.5
.5
14.6
2.3
8.2
5.9
.8
1.6
1.2

14.7
6.7
4.0
4.0
3.2

19.7
7.2
6.6
4.9

2.5
6.0
20,3
19.8
7.3
6.6
6.0
4.7

11,309
100.0

11,658
100.0

5,661
100.0

5,824
100.0

5,648
100.0

5,834
100.0

15.1
6.6
8.6

15.4
6.8
8.6
27.8
2.8
7.2
17.8
23.1
1.8
2.8
18.6
8.8

13.1
6.7
6.4
16.2

13.3
6.6
6.8
16.9
2.3
5.3
9.3
18.1
.1
4.4
13.6
15.5
32.7
10.7
11.2
10.9
3.5

17.2
6.4
10.8
38.7
3.2

17.5
7.0
10.5

12.5
14.7
6.6
4.0
4.0
3.3

5.9

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Less than 0.05 percent.

182




27.4
2.5
7.1

17.8
23.1
1.9
2.8
18.5
8.8
23.5

10.6
6.2
6.8
2.0

22.9

10.3
6.2
6.5
1.9

1.8
5.1

9.2
18.2
.1
4.5
13.7
15.5
33.3
10.8
11.3
11.2
3.6

9.1
26.4
28.0
3.6

1.1
23.3
2.0
13.7
10.3
1.1
2.3
.4

38.6
3.4
9.1
26.2

28.2
3.4
1.1
23.6
2.2
13.1
9.9
1.2
2.1
.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22.

Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Administrators, protective service
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations
Administrators, education and related fields
Managers, medicine and health
Managers, properties and real estate
Management-related occupations
Accountants and auditors
Underwriters and other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction .
Professional specialty
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Geologists and geodesists
Biological and life scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Dentists
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Inhalation therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Physicians' assistants
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten
Elementary school
Secondary school
Special education
Teachers, n.e.c
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
Psychologists
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Religious workers, n.e.c
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers

Percent of total:
Total
employed

114,968

Hispanic
origin

Women

Black

45.0

10.1

7.2

29,190
14,216
472
56
502
130
99
482
562
163
433
3,772
1,329
741
199
390
233
60
194

44.7
39.3
44.5
17.8
42.4
49.1
24.4
32.0
48.9
61.3
44.8
50.6
49.6
50.7
33.0
58.9
50.4
5.4
26.8

6.1
5.6
9.4
4.4
4.3
5.5
5.6
3.6
9.5
6.3
6.2
7.2
7.5
5.4
4.9
9.4
3.4
7.1
12.0

3.7
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.1
3.1
2.8
2.6
1.9
1.8
6.6
4.2
3.7
4.8
2.0
4.8
5.5
3.5
8.0

14,974
143
1,805
115
65
218
573
221
297
732
479
210
395
125
50
75
818
541
152
2,154
1,559
168
74
298
65
82
66
54
700
3,773
393
1,424
1,187
246
524
206
219
196
343
116
196
1,052
537
92
348
75
757
724

49.8
14.6
7.3
6.3
12.0
6.0
7.9
12.9
3.7
33.4
29.5
39.6
24.1
23.7
12.6
39.7
18.2
20.0
9.3
84.9
94.6
31.9
86.0
73.0
54.0
73.5
90.2
34.5
38.5
72.9
98.2
84.8
51.2
85.2
65.2
61.8
82.6
85.4
47.6
35.3
55.8
46.1
66.0
64.2
8.8
54.9
19.5
19.3

6.7
4.4
3.8
5.4
2.7
3.7
3.7
6.0
2.9
7.4
7.4
6.4
2.5
4.1
.8
1.0
2.8
3.3
1.9
7.8
8.5
2.7
18.8
4.9
7.6
2.1
3.9
5.6
4.0
8.8
9.2
10.2
8.1
10.6
5.5
14.9
8.0
7.8
7.1
6.1
7.8
13.9
19.3
12.3
8.6
1.2
2.3
2.0

3.4
6.3
2.6
.8
2.1
5.9
2.5
1.2
2.6
3.0
2.6
4.0
2.8
2.0
2.0
2.4
4.0
4.7
3.0
2.9
2.7
1.1
4.7
4.0
4.6
6.1
5.9
3.6
3.9
6.3
3.9
3.7
1.0
3.7
4.6
1.5
1.6
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.8
6.2
5.1
2.7
3.6
1.9
1.9

See note at end of table.




183

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Percent of total:

Occupation

Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

1,855
82
58
510
151
100
215
117
260
151
52
73

46.7
56.0
47.4
53.3
29.6
37.5
51.2
30.7
51.1
59.1
16.1
16.7

4.3
.4
2.6
2.1
7.7
5.6
3.6
4.4
4.0
5.1
9.2
13.6

3.6
.7
1.6
3.6
7.2
2.7
4.2
2.1
2.5
2.4
6.2
4.2

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Dental hygienists
Health record technologists & technicians
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants

35,532
3,521
1,226
272
78
59
133
423
930
322
290
78
216
55
81
1,149
88
570
203

64.8
47.9
82.6
76.0
97.6
86.7
76.0
96.0
18.9
14.4
16.3
12.9
31.1
42.5
26.8
37.7
3.1
32.2
76.3

9.1
9.4
14.2
14.2
3.2
13.4
4.1
19.1
6.1
6.8
5.5
3.3
8.7
8.2
10.0
6.9
1.4
6.9
8.2

5.8
4.3
4.5
4.5
1.9
10.0
5.7
3.8
4.7
6.6
4.3
2.8
3.9
5.1
3.1
3.9
1.5
3.8
6.0

Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Insurance sales
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
Sales workers, shoes
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
News vendors
Sales-related occupations

13,747
3,658
2,410
545
792
319
168
585
1,551
6,068
294
462
112
166
180
198
169
1,537
189
2,337
318
108
59

48.9
33.5
41.2
29.7
48.5
27.5
47.8
47.4
19.2
68.6
8.0
83.2
60.3
49.6
36.4
21.4
9.0
73.6
73.9
82.2
79.2
37.4
71.2

6.1
4.3
4.0
4.5
3.2
2.5
5.4
4.9
3.1
8.9
5.2
9.8
10.9
3.0
4.4
4.0
7.1
6.6
6.5
12.5
6.0
7.7
1.3

5.3
4.8
3.4
4.3
2.6
2.3
3.3
4.2
3.7
6.8
5.3
8.6
11.7
4.8
6.1
3.4
6.0
6.5
8.6
7.4
5.6
3.4
2.1

18,264
764
458
91
165
869
865
4,876
4,030
48
798
1,479
163
103

80.1
58.0
67.7
70.3
29.5
66.1
66.0
98.2
99.1
79.9
94.5
88.5
85.6
64.8

11.3
13.5
13.3
7.5
19.4
14.4
14.3
8.5
7.1
3.2
16.0
9.1
11.8
6.7

6.5
5.9
6.4
1.6
7.6
5.9
6.0
5.3
4.8
2.2
7.8
8.5
5.5
10.2

Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Authors
Technical writers
Designers
Musicians and composers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers .
Photographers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
Announcers
Athletes

,

Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
General office
Financial records processing
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks.
Computer equipment operators
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks

See note at end of table.

184




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Occupation

Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing occupations, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Cost and rate clerks
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing occupations
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Weighers, measurers, and checkers
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers' aides
Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective service
Supervisors, protective service
Supervisors, police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting occupations
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
_
Guards
„
Guards and police, except public service
Service occupations, except private household and protective service
Food preparation and service occupations
Supervisors
Bartenders
Waiters and waitresses
Cooks, except short order
Short-order cooks
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters' and waitresses1 assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
*
Health aides, except nursing

Percent of total:
Total
employed

114
848
827
197
65
143
271

Women

Black

I Hispanic
origin

65
130
3,183
833
478
362
85
423

58.7
97.1
82.1
77.3
89.7
78.8
83.3
86.5
91.0
92.1
90.0
90.2
72.7
62.0
89.4
89.8
36.3
47.6
22.0
50.6
27.6
38.4
45.9
46.6
27.5
38.7
46.0
62.8
75.0
72.2
76.9
90.3
66.6
85.0
81.3
91.0
88.2
73.4
95.9

15.3
7.4
15.6
15.7
17.7
11.2
18.8
12.5
6.2
5.1
8.8
14.5
9.3
16.0
19.3
19.2
22.0
32.1
13.4
23.8
17.3
14.0
7.3
9.3
15.9
16.2
15.6
10.2
11.3
10.1
11.7
15.3
10.5
13.1
11.3
8.8
19.8
8.8
14.3

11.3
8.7
6.9
5.2
6.2
6.1
9.8
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.6
7.0
7.3
11.6
4.5
4.2
8.6
6.2
10.4
10.0
8.2
8.5
5.2
6.2
10.5
9.3
5.5
7.9
6.0
4.8
6.3
8.6
5.9
7.0
6.8
6.6
7.6
8.1
9.6

15,332
909
378
476
1,944
174
93
218
195
755
427
111
217
796
675

60.5
96.3
97.3
95.6
14.4
7.4
9.0
2.9
2.1
13.4
10.1
17.4
17.8
20.0
13.5

17.6
22.5
8.8
32.0
16.7
15.3
15.4
8.3
8.6
15.8
14.0
9.2
22.8
20.1
21.7

10.2
16.7
9.6
22.1
6.3
3.7
3.4
5.8
6.4
5.5
5.1
5.4
6.4
7.7
8.4

12,479
5,182
325
324
1,363
1,634
95
325
132
339
645
1,977
165
407

65.1
61.6
68.3
49.6
82.6
49.8
37.5
78.3
73.3
39.9
53.9
89.3
98.7
83.7

17.4
12.4
10.7
2.2
3.9
18.1
24.7
12.5
16.9
15.3
17.7
28.2
6.8
17.9

10.3
10.2
7.6
5.8
5.7
11.7
8.4
8.0
10.5
20.0
15.4
6.3
3.9
7.5

132
2,414
1,970
173
157
75
68
218
210
936
313
320
163
141
1,681
171
192
521
559
72
95
949
287
466

See note at end of table.




185

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Occupation

Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Personal service occupations
Barbers
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Child care workers
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationery engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Small engine repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications, and industrial equipment
Data processing equipment repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Office machine repairers
Millwrights
Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Tile setters, hard and soft
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
Roofers
Structural metal workers
Extractive occupations
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
Precision metalworking
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Sheet-metal workers
,
Precision woodworking occupations
,
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers
Dressmakers
,
Upholsterers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers

See note at end of table.

186




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

1,404
2,994
159
644
2,133
2,327
94
769
130
77
92
853

89.8
42.6
37.6
85.0
31.2
81.1
18.3
89.5
40.3
79.1
94.1
96.0

33.7
23.0
26.8
29.0
21.1
12.0
13.3
8.1
6.7
15.9
24.0
13.3

6.2
15.2
12.5
18.2
14.6
7.8
9.9
7.8
4.5
2.8
10.0
7.1

13,664
4,454
256
4,198
1,811
879
325
131
70
194
159
547
677
165
140
61
202
262
874
60
96
5,098
617
4,481
202
53
108
1.427
149
701
101
525
494
85
54
156
48
144
3,968
1,361
896
145
497
126
106
66
296
126
84
529
60
49
305
418
258
126

8.7
3.3
7.1
3.1
.9
.7
.5
3.7
.6
1.0
.5
2.7
8.0
5.0
8.8
10.0
12.1
.6
4.5
6.4
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
.5
1.2
2.3
1.5
2.1
1.4
.4
5.8
.4
.2
4.9
1.2
.4
2.1
23.5
15.4
6.3
2.4
4.8
5.7
11.8
2.6
58.1
94.4
22.0
56.7
61.4
32.9
70.0
32.4
21.2
47.8

7.5
7.1
5.1
7.2
7.1
7.4
7.2
12.7
2.0
4.8
5.8
8.3
7.1
7.3
6.7
6.7
7.8
3.7
8.2
7.1
7.6
7.1
4.2
7.5
16.3
1.8
6.2
5.2
6.3
4.3
9.9
7.6
7.9
26.6
15.5
10.8
7.3
5.4
8.6
8.5
6.0
2.9
6.3
8.0
4.6
2.8
8.0
6.8
3.3
10.0
2.6
6.6
12.1
14.3
17.0
10.0

8.2
7.6
3.8
7.8
9.2
10.5
7.3
6.1
2.9
13.3
7.7
7.9
4.7
5.3
2.6
2.4
4.5
5.5
7.8
6.6
3.8
8.2
5.4
8.6
9.3
16.0
9.2
8.0
11.9
5.9
2.3
11.8
6.7
20.1
15.3
9.4
7.9
7.5
8.8
6.8
6.8
3.7
6.5
4.4
9.3
10.2
17.8
10.4
27.9
10.9
4.0
5.1
14.1
12.4
12.2
11.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Occupation

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

126
113
236
50
103

28.1
25.6
4.5
2.9
3.0

8.8
9.8
7.9
6.9
8.2

7.4
6.9
5.8
3.0
8.9

17,814
8,117
5,362
465
63
123
141
170
102
159
105
505
339
55
67
1,355
76
749
146
222
2,680
414
102
56
200
102
215
98
1,906
555
50
11,411
849
683
63
96

25.7
40.8
41.9
17.0
5.8
29.8
11.9
25.6
31.2
14.4
12.5
26.4
13.8
23.3
73.9
78.0
76.7
90.1
65.7
62.3
33.5
63.6
10.6
3.6
14.0
6.4
28.6
55.1
33.0
4.9
62.0
44.2
51.6
52.7
33.3
56.3

15.0
14.8
15.9
10.9
6.9
17.6
9.5
16.3
19.1
15.1
16.6
7.7
9.1
4.9
3.5
21.0
37.4
18.0
28.1
19.6
15.6
18.8
22.7
14.1
12.6
12.0
12.2
11.0
12.0
8.1
9.3
14.7
13.9
13.6
11.3
18.3

11.1
13.3
14.0
10.1
8.1
8.3
15.1
10.4
6.3
4.6
5.1
8.2
10.1
5.7
1.8
19.2
4.1
22.4
28.3
15.5
13.9
21.6
7.7
4.6
19.4
5.5
18.9
8.5
12.0
9.6
22.4
13.0
12.1
10.6
8.1
25.2

Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Supervisors
Truck drivers, heavy
Truck drivers, light
Drivers-sales workers
Bus drivers
Taxi-cab drivers and chauffeurs
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles
Rail transportation occupations
Locomotive operating occupations
Water transportation occupations
Material moving equipment operators
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators

4,831
3,592
64
1,826
782
201
450
218
195
137
51
58
1,043
210
88
108
92
431

9.0
10.8
15.0
2.3
9.0
7.1
48.5
12.5
2.1
2.2
.5
1.9
4.1
1.3
1.7
.7
.6
5.7

14.9
14.9
15.3
13.8
12.3
5.5
23.2
23.8
10.8
12.6
16.7
6.4
15.6
6.9
18.3
7.7
9.4
22.6

7.1
7.1
3.2
6.0
9.0
6.8
6.0
11.0
2.1
2.5
1.5
1.2
7.9
6.0
5.6
4.9
4.9
10.7

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
Production helpers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations

4,866
156
141
799
64
1,756
891
110
246

17.2
4.0
4.0
3.4
24.3
17.5
22.8
33.7
6.2

15.5
13.8
12.8
15.1
16.1
15.8
10.7
23.9
10.2

11.3
12.5
13.5
15.2
16.4
8.7
7.4
6.1
8.4

Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Water and sewage treatment plant operators
Stationary engineers
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Lathe and turning machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casting machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Photoengravers and lithographers
Typesetters and compositors
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Winding and twisting machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Solderers and brazers
Assemblers
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural

See note at end of table.




187

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Occupation

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farmers
Farm managers
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Farm workers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
Animal caretakers, except farm
Forestry and logging occupations
Timber cutting and logging
Fishers, hunters, and trappers
NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and
designates broad categories of occupations which cannot be more
specifically identified. Generally, data for occupations with fewer than

188




Percent of total:
Total
employed

253
298

1,248
3,437
1,286
1,154

133
1,978
1,020
949

958
76
765
101
117
84
56

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

14.1
65.3
18.6

20.3
14.4
15.4

15.0
13.6
11.5

16.3
15.0
15.2
13.4
18.2
23.5
23.3
12.5
5.0
5.2
63.4
4.2
.5
7.3

6.6
1.1
.9
3.0
10.0
8.6
8.6
11.5

13.0
1.6
1.4
3.5
21.3
23.3
23.0
19.2
13.9
20.7
6.3
4.2
1.6
3.0

8.7
12.2
8.3
11.2
12.1
3.1

50,000 employed are not published separately but are included in the
totals for the appropriate categories shown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
1988
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

103,021
6,460
2,552
3,908
12,565
30,754
25,127
16,136
9,657
5,879
3,778
2,322

1,153
206
139
67
122
199
185
157
162
89
73
122

17,114
342
101
241
1,084
4,314
5,327
3,583
2,058
1,291
767
405

84,754
5,912
2,312
3,601
11,359
26,241
19,615
12,396
7,437
4,499
2,938
1,795

8,519
59
26
33
308
1,975
2,499
1,798
1,312
757
555
568

260
13
6
7
14
59
68
61
31
18
12
14

1,621
214
96
119
286
493
270
169
128
68
60
60

1,398
28
16
12
59
268
280
260
281
155
127
221

150
30
17
13
11
25
24
23
24
15
9
13

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,177
3,229
1,282
1,947
6,414
16,824
13,417
8,675
5,361
3,263
2,097
1,257

157
49
35
14
19
30
22
14
12
7
5
11

8,074
160
48
112
475
2,040
2,474
1,707
1,021
631
390
199

46,946
3,020
1,200
1,821
5,921
14,754
10,921
6,954
4,328
2,625
1,703
1,047

5,564
31
13
18
203
1,248
1,608
1,188
888
505
383
397

39
10
5
5
9
6
3
4
2
1
1
6

1,268
174
75
99
233
386
200
123
102
55
47
50

1,174
25
14
11
52
231
226
209
235
127
108
196

50
23
13
10
8
7
3
2
3
2
1
6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

47,844
3,231
1,270
1,961
6,151
13,930
11,710
7,461
4,296
2,616
1,681
1,065

996
157
104
53
103
169
163
144
150
82
68
111

9,039
182
54
129
610
2,274
2,853
1,876
1,037
660
377
207

37,809
2,892
1,112
1,780
5,438
11,487
8,694
5,441
3,109
1,874
1,235
747

2,955
28
12
15
106
727
891
610
423
252
172
171

220
3
2
2
6
53
65
57
28
17
12
8

353
41
21
20
53
107
70
46
26
13
13
10

224
2
1
1
7
37
54
51
47
28
19
25

99
8
4
3
3
18
21
21
21
13

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




189

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
(In thousands)

1988
Wage and salary workers

Industry and sex

Total
employed

TOTAL
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
Men
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration
Women
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration

190




;

Total

753
7,603
21,320
12,642
8,678
8,064
23,663
4,578
19,085
7,921
37,043
1,163
35,880
7,013
3,564
1,421
23,725
4,520
4,261
8,586
2,842
3,515
157
5,432

725
6,148
20,910
12,407
8,503
7,709
21,737
4,219
17,518
7,284
33,077
1,153
31,924
5,630
2,570
1,232
22,381
4,516
3,890
8,485
2,597
2,893
110
5,432

626
6,899
14,301
9,240
5,062
5,856
12,437
3,294
9,143
3,229
14,318
163
14,155
4,290
1,147
855
7,740
1,043
1,009
2,927
914
1,847
123
3,113

602
5,541
14,010
9,052
4,958
5,555
11,328
3,008
8,320
2,800
12,228
157
12,071
3,375
915
730
6,968
1,040
750
2,905
865
1,409
82
3,113

127
704
7,019
3,403
3,616
2,209
11,226
1,284
9,942
4,691
22,725
1,000
21,725
2,722
2,417
566
15,985
3,477
3,252
5,659
1,929
1,669
34
2,319

123
607
6,900
3,355
3,545
2,154
10,409
1,211
9,198
4,484
20,850
996
19,854
2,255
1,655
502
15,413
3,476
3,141
5,580
1,732
1,485
28
2,319

Selfemployed
workers

Private
industries

Government

1
508
140
108
32
1,567

105
4
101
190
9,171
9,171

85
17
190
8,824

955
426
6,754

571
119
54

724
5,640
20,770
12,299
8,471
6,142
21,632
4,215
17,417
7,094
23,906
1,153
22,753
5,545
2,553
1,042
13,557
3,562
3,464
1,731
2,026
2,775

56

28
1,427
394
228
166
345
1,823
336
1,487
624
3,878
10
3,868
1,347
979
186
1,311
4
358
101
239
609
45

Unpaid
family
workers

1
29
16
7
9
11
103
23
80
12
88
88
35
15
3
33
13
1
6
13
2

5,432

1
455
104
85
19
1,153

43
3
40
99
3,107

601
5,086
13,906
8,967
4,939
4,402
11,285
3,005
8,280
2,701
9,121

157
3,107

51
7
114

8,964
3,325

909
616

2,899

4,069

296
112

744
638
648
708

2,257

157
77
36

1,332

45

24
1,354
289
186
102
299
1,092
284
808
429
2,077
6
2,071
909
230
124
767
3
259
22
45
438
40

4
3
2
1
2
17
2
15
1
13
13
6
2

3,113

53
36
23
13
414
62
1
61
91
6,064

123
554
6,864
3,332
3,532
1,740
10,347
1,210
9,137
4,393
14,785
QQC

6,064

35
10
76
5,925

658
314
4,497

414
42
18
2,319

yyo
13,789
2,220
1,645

426
9,488
2,818
2,826
1,083
1,318
1,443

11

3
72
106
42
64
46
731
53
679
196
1,801
4
1,797
438
749
62
544
1
98
79
194
172
4

1
25
13
6
8
9
86
20
66
12
75
75
30
13
2
28

3
12
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
25. Employed civilians by industry, sex, and occupation
(In thousands)
1988
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex

TOTAL
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
and
specialty related
including hold
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
equipment
ators,
and
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

3,169
753
7,603
21,320
12,642
8,678

78
112
998
2,461
1,501
960

69
76
146
1,781
1,205
577

20
37
51
706
494
212

18
13
80
746
313
434

93
460
2,416
1,347
1,069

15
6
30
343
191
151

39
239
4,331
4,070
2,807
1,263

10
24
90
6,751
3,713
3,038

47
118
499
802
424
378

19
34
895
1,150
564
586

2,754
1
24
93
85

8,064
23,663
4,578
19,085

915
2,034
514
1,520

455
438
87
350

260
117
45
72

314
9,798
1,764
8,034

2,152
2,363
807
1,556

258
4,324
49
4,274

1,275
1,474
300
1,173

120
306
138
168

1,800
984
497
487

505
1,787
361
1,427

11
39
16
24

7,921
37,043
1,163
35,880
23,725
5,432

1,999
4,461
2
4,460
2,441
1,158

195
11,062
8
11,054
9,831
751

146
1,931
8
1,923
1,566
252

1,885
863
862
142
30

3,133
6,072
10
6,061
4,375
1,476

290
7,827
102
7,725
4,299
1,332

158
1,834
12
1,823
383
244

17
768
2
767
213
31

12
509
7
502
298
60

22
409
26
383
95
45

63
399
78
320
83
53

2,493
626
6,899
14,301
9,240
5,062

55
84
868
1,814
1,136
678

46
64
133
1,395
1,029
365

7
29
44
547
397
150

8
12
67
516
242
274

8
26
49
717
432
285

9
6
19
274
154
120

37
234
4,253
3,412
2,370
1,042

8
22
88
3,950
2,545
1,405

44
116
492
759
405
354

14
32
864
826
446
380

2,255
1
20
91
83
8

5,856
12,437
3,294
9,143

641
1,169
347
822

363
221
56
164

210
66
35
31

123
4,776
1,475
3,301

905
477
173
304

157
1,873
35
1,838

1,213
1,290
286
1,004

105
181
92
89

1,662
925
484
440

466
1,431
297
1,134

10
27
11
16

3,229
14,318
163
14,155
7,740
3,113

985
2,347

74
699
1
698
458
156

1,153
357

2,347
1,105
661

112
4,696
1
4,695
3,981
483

357
44
11

450
694
1
693
364
309

206
2,386
11
2,374
1,081
1,092

147
1,656
11
1,645
332
232

11
415
2
413
87
26

10
333
5
328
141
55

21
339
24
315
75
38

60
362
74
288
73
48

676
127
704
7,019
3,403
3,616

23
28
129
647
365
282

23
12
13
387
175
211

14
8
7
159
97
62

9
1
13
230
71
159

91
67
411
1,699
915
784

2
3
2
2,801
1,168
1,633

3
2
6
43
19
24

5
2
31
325
118
206

499

10
67
36
31

2
4
78
658
437
221

2,209
11,226
1,284
9,942

274
865
167
698

92
217
31
186

50
51
10
41

191
5,022
289
4,733

1,246
1,886
634
1,252

100
2,450
14
2,436

63
184
14
170

16
124
45
79

138
59
13
46

39
356
63
293

1
12
4
7

4,691
22,725
1,000
21,725
15,985
2,319

1,014
2,114
1
2,113
1,336
496

83
6,366
7
6,359
5,849
268

72
1,232
7
1,225
1,108
96

732
506
1
505
98
18

2,682
5,377
9
5,368
4,011
1,167

85
5,441
90
5,351
3,218
240

11
178
1
177
51
12

6
353

2
176
2
174
158
5

1
70
2
68
20
7

3
36
4
32
10
5

909
909

875
875

353
126
5

3
2
1
1

Includes protective service, not shown separately.




191

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Employed civilians by industry, race, and occupation
(In thousands)

1988
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and race

WHITE
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
BLACK
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration




Operators
fabricators
and laborers

Service

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminisPrivate
cians
trative
Profesployed
trative,
Other
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
related
including
specialty
hold
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
equipment
and
craft,
tation
assemcleaners,
fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

76
108
966
2,333
1,424
910

68
73
132
1,631
1,098
533

20
35
46
623
438
185

17
13
75
703
299
404

98
83
437
2,148
1,215
933

13
6
22
280
157
124

36
227
3,993
3,600
2,511
1,089

7
23
84
5,520
3,103
2,416

39
112
445
654
350
304

16
32
749
924
470
454

2,576
1
20
80
73
7

833
1,840
482
1,358

403
406
76
329

236
102
38
64

281
8,836
1,667
7,169

1,686
2,122
736
1,387

179
3,660
41
3,619

1,119
1,345
276
1,069

98
256
114
143

1,471
852
432
421

374
1,530
307
1,222

9
34
15
19

20,117
4,469

1,841
4,037
2
4,035
2,194
987

179
9,847
6
9,840
8,736
648

131
1,612
6
1,605
1,302
215

1,770
774
773
125
26

2,695
5,236
9
5,227
3,753
1,158

226
5,945
70
5,874
3,125
1,087

138
1,638
9
1,630
331
209

12
617
1
616
174
26

11
405
5
400
237
37

16
325
19
305
77
31

49
337
63
274
64
44

153
29
513
2,170
1,098
1,072

1
2
18
69
39
30

2
1
3
48
26
22

3
1
5
999
490
509

7
5
48
139
71
68

2
2
129
201
81
120

137

2
8
58
36
23

1,154
1,846
260
1,586

58
110
12
98

33
16
4
12

631
4,380
263
4,117

108
297
_
297
180
125

12
801
2
799
718
76

2,965
713
6,970
18,496
11,137

7,359
6,687
20,984

4,184
16,800
7,070
31,457
877
30,580

782

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

192

Technical, sales, and
administrative
suppor t

_
687
687
-

>

3
33
8
25

7
15
216
107
109

6
55
31
24

2
10
275
341
200
141

17
7
3
3

27
634
48
586

392
174
49
125

67
447
6
442

129
90
16
74

20
37
18
19

291
116
56
59

119
211
46
164

2
4
1
3

9
219
1
218
182
26

73
65
_
65
15
4

334
664
1
663
492
269

57
1,642
30
1,611
1,059
217

16
141
2
138
43
25

4
125
_
124
35
4

1
95
2
93
57
19

5
76
6
70
16
12

12
51
14
37
17
6

-

_
205
205
-

3
12
11
1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27. Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
1988
Manufacturing
Sex, age, and race
Mining

Construction
Total

NonDurable
durable
goods
goods

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
and
retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate

Services1

Public
administration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

753
12
741
39
702
622
80

7,603
304
7,299
1,023
6,276
5,462
814

21,320 12,642
261
539
20,781 12,382
2,146 1,203
18,635 11,179
16,017 9,655
2,618 1,524

8,678
278
8,399
943
7,456
6,363
1,093

8,064
148
7,917
675
7,242
6,338
904

23,663
3,577
20,086
3,821
16,265
13,723
2,542

7,921
216
7,704
1,008
6,696
5,624
1,072

35,880
1,465
34,415
3,711
30,704
25,850
4,854

5,432
66
5,366
343
5,023
4,290
733

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

626
10
616
32
584
514
70

6,899
280
6,620
944
5,676
4,941
735

14,301
349
13,952
1,392
12,560
10,756
1,804

9,240
186
9,054
853
8,201
7,048
1,153

5,062
163
4,898
538
4,360
3,709
651

5,856
100
5,756
448
5,308
4,585
723

12,437
1,786
10,652
1,879
8,773
7,408
1,365

3,229
46
3,184
292
2,892
2,308
583

14,155
623
13,532
1,458
12,074
9,879
2,194

3,113
28
3,086
162
2,924
2,514
410

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

127
2
125
7
118
108
10

704
24
680
79
601
522
79

7,019
190
6,829
754
6,075
5,261
814

3,403
75
3,328
349
2,979
2,608
371

3,616
115
3,501
405
3,096
2,653
443

2,209
48
2,160
227
1,933
1,752
181

11,226
1,792
9,435
1,942
7,493
6,317
1,176

4,691
171
4,521
716
3,805
3,317
488

21,725
842
20,884
2,253
18,631
15,972
2,659

2,319
38
2,281
181
2,100
1,778
322

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

600
10
590
29
561
494
67

6,305
263
6,042
872
5,170
4,500
670

12,554
310
12,244
1,209
11,035
9,409
1,626

8,179
170
8,010
758
7,252
6,208
1,044

4,375
140
4,234
450
3,784
3,202
582

4,914
82
4,831
368
4,463
3,844
619

10,986
1,566
9,420
1,613
7,807
6,561
1,246

2,912
40
2,872
245
2,627
2,081
546

12,173
529
11,645
1,230
10,415
8,453
1,962

2,661
24
2,637
129
2,508
2,153
355

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

113
2
112
7
105
95
10

665
22
642
74
568
494
74

5,943
165
5,777
644
5,133
4,394
739

2,958
68
2,889
305
2,584
2,239
345

2,985
97
2,888
339
2,549
2,157
392

1,774
40
1,734
185
1,549
1,387
162

9,998
1,585
8,413
1,692
6,721
5,622
1,099

4,158
157
4,001
635
3,366
2,908
458

18,406
748
17,659
1,929
15,730
1,347
2,259

1,808
30
1,778
136
1,642
1,358
284

20

488
14
474
59
415
360
55

1,139
29
1,310
150
1,160
1,015
145

772
12
760
74
686
597
89

567
17
550
76
474
419
55

791
17
774
71
703
608
95

984
167
817
196
621
539
82

232
5
227
42
185
158
27

1,454
73
1,381
176
1,205
1,021
184

352
3
349
27
322
287
35

26
2
24
3
21
19
2

830
19
811
87
724
667
57

326
5
321
30
291
269
22

504
14
490
56
434
398
36

363
7
356
39
317
302
15

861
156
704
194
510
461
49

399
11
388
63
325
306
19

2,662
75
2,588
259
2,329
1,995
334

430
7
423
39
384
353
31

White

Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

20
2
18
16
2
9
9
9
9

Excludes private households.




193

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Industry

Total, 16 years and over.
Agriculture
Agricultural production, crops
Agricultural production, livestock
Agricultural services, except horticultural .
Horticultural services
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel.
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
f
Logging
.
Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Structural clay, pottery, and related products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling, and finishing mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal industries
Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal forging and stampings
Ordnance
Miscellaneous and not specified fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metal working machinery
Office and accounting machines
Electronic computing equipment
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c. and not specified
Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. and not specified
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scientific and controlling instruments
Optical and health services supplies
.
Photographic equipment and supplies
Toys, amusements, and sporting goods
Miscellaneous and not specified manufacturing industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
,
Dairy products
Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables
See note at end of table.

194




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Hispanic
origin

Women

Black

114,968

45.0

10.1

7.2

3,169
1,096
1,207
310
556

21.3
17.2
22.7
51.6
9.6

4.9
6.7
2.4
4.2
6.8

12.8
15.6
4.5
19.3
22.0

753
64
154
429
107

16.8
15.3
6.8
22.0
11.5

3.9
2.2
2.0
4.6
4.7

5.3
8.2
.6
6.4
6.1

7,603

9.3

6.8

7.8

21,320
12,642
758
139
395
71
153
685
610
172
209
85
145
802
370
118
146
167
1,332
131
524
67
152
98
361
2,532
89
119
211
276
89
679
1,071
2,039
168
479
1,392
2,645
1,191
662
280
428
62
695
230
314
129
129
415

32.9
26.9
14.6
3.8
13.7
12.9
27.7
29.2
20.9
29.7
8.3
27.3
24.8
13.1
7.8
12.2
17.3
21.8
23.4
34.7
17.5
28.6
26.5
23.5
25.6
24.4
22.8
19.3
13.4
19.2
34.0
36.4
20.3
40.8
40.0
38.2
41.8
21.0
19.8
23.1
13.9
26.1
22.3
42.9
38.8
50.4
28.7
49.4
43.1

10.2
8.7
15.0
16.5
17.9
9.0
9.0
6.5
11.1
10.0
13.5
7.7
10.7
10.7
13.1
12.1
7.7
7.2
7.8
6.4
8.7
5.5
6.2
5.1
9.0
5.5
7.1
9.6
3.9
4.2
9.3
6.2
4.7
7.9
11.3
7.6
7.6
11.3
14.6
7.7
17.6
5.2
3.2
5.9
4.5
6.5
6.9
6.3
8.3

8.3
7.4
6.4
.7
6.4
7.3
11.0
14.9
8.5
5.0
10.7
13.1
6.9
7.4
5.4
6.2
10.5
9.0
11.1
7.4
20.5
4.7
7.4
10.8
4.9
3.1
3.7
2.9
4.4
6.4
6.1
4.8
7.0
1.7
6.2
7.9
6.0
4.7
9.2
4.7
5.7
7.1
7.4
4.8
10.8
3.1
12.3
13.0

8,678
1,701
422
187
227

41.7
32.6
34.1
27.9
43.0

12.3
12.9
21.8
5.3
9.6

9.6
12.1
11.3
5.4
19.4

10.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1988
Industry

Grain mill products
Bakery products
Sugar and confectionary products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous and not specified food preparations and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Apparel and other finished textile products
Apparel and accessories, except knit
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied products
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers
Chemicals and allied products
Plastics, synthetics, and resins
Drugs
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Footwear, except rubber and plastic
Transportation, communications, and other public utilities
Transportation
Railroads
Bus service and urban transit
Taxicab service
Trucking service
Warehousing and storage
U.S. Postal Service
Water transportation
Air transportation
Services incidental to transportation
Communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Telephone (wire and radio)
Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services
Utilities and sanitary services
Electric light and power
Gas and steam supply systems
Electric and gas, and other combinations
Water supply and irrigation
Sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies
Machinery, equipment and supplies
Scrap and waste materials
Miscellaneous wholesale trade, durable goods

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

115
229
100
206
216
58
714
130
455
1,182
993
189
735
323
225
188
1,899
527
1,372
1,257
143
247
165
67
593
179
158
813
90
171
552
140
84

22.8
30.4
43.6
19.7
37.6
41.3
47.1
68.9
42.8
76.1
77.8
67.3
25.1
16.6
36.5
26.0
44.1
44.6
43.9
30.7
27.3
44.0
46.5
25.4
23.0
19.2
19.9
34.8
16.3
35.7
37.6
53.3
56.7

9.3
12.5
13.9
7.3
12.8
26.7
24.8
16.4
28.2
15.4
15.5
14.8
10.7
9.1
10.9
13.1
7.4
10.4
6.3
10.8
16.2
8.5
12.6
12.4
10.1
12.8
12.6
10.7
18.2
10.9
9.5
8.7
4.5

4.6
10.7
13.4
10.2
18.5
2.9
4.9
9.6
3.1
21.8
23.7
11.6
7.0
3.2
10.2
9.6
4.9
2.7
5.7
5.8
9.5
5.5
10.1
10.5
3.4
3.1
3.4
11.3
5.3
14.7
11.3
15.0
9.7

8,064
4,959
351
462
120
1,831
132
866
188
688
306
1,554
280
1,091
183
1,551
675
211
181
217
263

27.4
24.4
7.0
30.0
13.8
13.6
28.2
33.2
16.0
33.7
63.2
45.4
39.0
47.7
41.5
18.9
21.0
19.7
20.1
19.8
10.9

14.3
15.6
13.8
24.8
26.8
11.6
12.6
25.3
13.8
12.7
5.3
12.0
7.3
13.0
13.1
12.5
10.3
14.9
10.8
11.9
17.7

6.2
6.9
4.5
7.7
10.6
5.5
12.1
7.6
6.9
7.5
9.8
5.1
6.6
4.7
5.4
4.8
2.6
4.5
6.4
7.9
7.2

23,663
4,578
2,502
227
83
167
88
300
220
1,120
159
93

47.4
28.0
26.7
22.8
30.9
18.6
25.1
31.8
25.0
27.9
14.7
37.6

7.8
5.7
5.2
4.4
5.7
6.2
4.5
5.5
4.3
4.5
11.9
3.9

7.4
7.4
5.9
8.8
7.2
6.9
10.0
5.2
3.6
4.8
9.8
7.1

See note at end of table.




195

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28.

Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Industry

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Apparel, fabrics, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm products-raw materials
Petroleum products
Alcoholic beverages
Farm supplies
Miscellaneous nondurable goods and not specified wholesale trade
Retail trade
Lumber and building material retailing
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Food stores, n.e.c
Motor vehicle dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores
Book and stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
Mail order houses
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail florists
Miscellaneous retail stores and not specified retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Savings and loan associations
Credit agencies, n.e.c
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies .
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance law offices

Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair services
Advertising
Services to dwellings and other buildings
Commercial research, development, and testing labs
Personnel supply services
Business management and consulting services
Computer and data processing services
Detective and protective services
Business services, n.e.c
Automobile services, except repair
Automobile repair shops
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services

See note at end of table.




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

78
331
118
170
852

29.7
36.6
34.1
42.8
24.3
26.1
33.1
15.7
26.2
40.5
52.1
26.4
36.0
34.0
69.5
71.1
62.7
49.2
61.4
59.8
46.2
19.2
16.6
25.4
20.4
78.8
53.8
38.7
35.8
56.3
62.8
38.3
50.9
54.9
65.8
90.5
61.1
35.3
75.6
22.2
74.5
60.8

6.3
5.4
7.7
8.7
7.0
3.3
4.4
10.9
1.8
5.2
8.3
7.4
4.2
4.8
11.6
10.9
12.8
8.5
4.3
4.1
7.4
5.8
7.2
5.7
2.5
9.5
11.7
5.8
5.3
10.3
6.1
11.5
4.5
6.4
3.5
9.7
7.5
6.0
4.0
4.0
1.6
4.2

9.3
3.0
7.0
13.7
13.4
2.1
2.7
8.0
4.3
9.7
7.4
4.1
7.2
6.0
6.7
5.2
9.4
6.9
8.1
9.7
10.9
5.3
8.6
7.0
2.1
8.6
8.7
6.0
6.8
9.9
4.0
4.8
3.8
2.7
10.1
8.7
3.6
2.2
6.5
1.2
4.6
6.1

7,921
2,008
251
537
658
2,314
2,152

59.2
71.1
74.7
67.3
39.5
61.2
48.2

8.0
9.7
6.3
7.5
5.8
8.1
7.2

5.7
6.4
7.2
6.8
3.5
4.6
6.4

37,043
1,163
35,880
7,013
288
791
253
736
561
713
345
1,366
364
977
123
497

61.3
86.0
60.5
38.8
48.1
47.3
34.2
73.9
48.6
36.2
19.1
52.7
21.8
9.2
14.0
15.4

11.8
22.6
11.5
10.4
6.2
17.0
6.2
21.7
7.3
8.6
21.3
6.7
14.5
5.9
5.1
4.5

6.5
15.3
6.2
8.5
4.2
18.5
5.4
6.9
3.9
3.9
8.1
6.5
10.9
11.5
7.9
8.6

2,076
122
184
126
778
104
168
149
137
308
19,085
504
208
87
2,062
126
136
2,708
60
189
175
1,106
453
508
90
835
163
585
464
5,480
538
134
331
204
196
62
103

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1988
Industry

Personal services, except private household
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Barber shops
Funeral service and crematories
Entertainment and recreational services
Theaters and motion pictures
Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
Professional and related services
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Offices of chiropractors
Offices of optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Business, trade, and vocational schools
Libraries
Educational services, n.e.c
Social services
Job training and vocational rehabilitation services
Child day care services
Residential care facilities, without nursing
Social services, n.e.c
Other professional services
Legal services
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Religious organizations
Membership organizations
Engineering, architectural, and surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services
Noncommercial educational and scientific research
Miscellaneous professional and related services
Forestry and fisheries
Forestry
Fisheries
Public administration
Executive and legislative offices
General government, n.e.c
Justice, public order, and safety
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy
Administration of human resources programs
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
Administration of economic programs
National security and international affairs
NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and
designates broad categories of industries which cannot be more
specifically identified. Generally, data for industries with less than 50,000




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Hispanic
origin

Women

Black

3,564
1,233
469
477
794
91
88

67.8
56.6
85.4
57.8
88.0
17.5
32.3

12.1
16.2

8.2
13.1
14.2

8.1
10.4

1,421
450
69
903
23,725
4,520
4,261
985
521
71
69
1,467
8,586
5,737
2,425
76
175
173
2,042
216
630
406
790
4,316
1,177
101
800
462
820
610
116
230

39.9
35.4
48.1
41.4
67.4
76.9
76.3
69.8
72.8
60.5
66.7
86.0
65.9
71.6
51.0
52.7
81.7
76.3
77.7
51.7
95.7
70.6
74.0
46.6
55.4
48.9
42.8
59.1
23.7
54.2
39.4
53.7

9.1
8.4

9.8
4.3
3.6
8.5
1.9

6.3
5.6
.9
7.0
4.9
5.3
5.0
5.2
2.7
5.0
.8
4.2
4.8
5.2
4.1
4.1
1.4
4.0
6.8
3.8
5.9
6.6
8.5
3.8
4.1
6.4
3.4
4.0
4.3
3.7
1.6
1.2

157
86
71

21.8
26.3
16.3

4.6
6.0
2.9

4.4
5.5
3.0

5,432
168
566
1,918
398
632
313
545
893

42.7
62.1
50.2
30.3
62.4
68.5
33.2
44.3
36.3

14.4
11.0
13.7
13.8
16.9
20.0
10.5
12.2
14.5

5.9
2.6
6.2
5.8
5.0
6.6
5.2
5.0
7.3

8.0
17.7

4.1
9.8

11.9
16.8
12.2
2.8
3.0
2.6
1.7
23.7
11.0
11.8
9.6
13.3
11.1
5.0

16.4
16.3
13.6
15.9
19.0

5.9
5.1
12.8
7.8

10.7
15.1
7.5
13.3
4.1

employed are not published separately but are included in the totals for
the appropriate categories shown.

197

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
29. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total

Reason not working and sex
1987

Paid absences

1988
1987

Unpaid absences

1988
1987

1988

1987

1988

2,907
2,112
543

2,230
888
685

2,225
852
688

252

657

684

Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

5,910
3,421
1,320
92
34
1,043

5,831
3,236
1,364
122
30
1,080

5,784
3,375
1,290
72
34
1,012

5,698
3,190
1,337
104
29
1,037

2,997
2,254
501

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons5

2,840
1,608
698
533

2,820
1,544
697
580

2,741
1,574
673
495

2,717
1,510
676
530

1,517
1,159
269
89

1,475
1,101
279
95

903
290
346
266

907
289
336
282

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

3,071
1,813
622
636

3,011
1,692
667
652

3,043
1,801
617
625

2,981
1,680
661
640

1,481
1,095
232
153

1,432
1,010
264
157

1,327
598
338
391

1,319
564
353
402

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.

30.

0
O

O
O
242

O
O

s
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
1988
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

109,137

3,035

106,101

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

26,132
770
4,444
12,983
7,935

874
44
209
416
205

25,259
726
4,236
12,567
7,730

23.9
.7
4.1
11.9
7.3

28.8
1.4
6.9
13.7
6.8

23.8
.7
4.0
11.8
7.3

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

83,004
7,166
43,195
32,643
11,634
12,085
8,924

2,162
135
633
1,394
242
395
757

80,844
7,032
42,562
31,250
11,393
11,690
8,167

76.1
6.6
39.6
29.9
10.7
11.1
8.2

71.2
4.4
20.8
45.9
8.0
13.0
24.9

76.2
6.6
40.1
29.5
10.7
110
1.7

39.4
43.8

43.9
51.5

39.3
43.6

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

198




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
31. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
,
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Usually
work
full time

Total

Usually
work
part time

26,132

7,723

18,409

25,259

7,437

17,821

5,206
2,350
54
224
90
2,487

1,760
1,391
54
224

3,446
959

4,965
2,199
52
215

1,653
1,296
52
215
88

3,312
903

20,926
12,495
1,445
1,550
525
7

5,963

995
1,660
2,249

995
1,601

22.1
21.5
1,673
6,262

90

88
2,408

2,487

2,408
5,786

20,295

14,963
12,495

12,145
1,428
1,364
463
7
992

14,509
12,145

1,660
648

1,428
1,514
463
7
992
1,624
2,121

1,530

1,624
591

24.3
26.5

21.0
19.5

22.2
21.5

24.4
26.6

21.1
19.5

801
3,325

872
2,937

1,607
6,123

759
3,256

848
2,867

1,445
1,390
525
7

160

150

32. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

106,101

4,965

14,509

86,627

55,377

11,393

19,857

39.3

43.6

97,842

4,345

13,055

80,442

52,633

10,783

17,026

39.1

43.2

685

15

16

654

358

100

196

44.9

46.0

5,889

402

257

5,230

3,530

634

1,066

40.4

42.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,955
11,861

8,095

496
195
301

653
281
372

18,806
11,385
7,422

11,871
7,076
4,796

3,128
1,927
1,201

3,807
2,382
1,425

42.1
42.6
41.4

43.3
43.5
43.1

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,271
20,878
6,991

223
1,455
135

406
4,889
652

6,642
14,534
6,204

4,241
8,676
4,300

882
2,219

727

1,519
3,639
1,177

42.1
37.0
39.8

44.0
44.0
42.3

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

31,009
1,112
29,897
5,163

1,555
209

5,896
478

1,346
64

5,418
287

23,558
425
23,133
4,812

16,041
270
15,771
3,613

2,638
50
2,588
454

4,879
105
4,774
745

37.3
26.4
37.7
40.3

42.8
45.5
42.8
41,9

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,000
260

606
13

1,352
102

6,042
145

2,671
75

597
13

2,774
57

41.0
36.0

48.3
46.8

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




199

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

106,101
6,319
2,488
3,831
99,783
12,449
87,334
57,502
27,156
2,675

4,965
666
226
440
4,299
873
3,426
2,287
1,019
120

14,509
3,395
1,885
1,510
11,114
2,035
9,079
4,949
2,868
1,263

86,627
2,258
377
1,881
84,370
9,541
74,829
50,266
23,269
1,292

55,377
1,774
315
1,459
53,605
6,652
46,954
30,995
15,046
912

31,250
484
62
422
30,765
2,889
27,875
19,271
8,223
380

39.3
26.0
19.8
30.0
40.1
37.4
40.5
41.1
40.3
29.4

43.6
40.3
38.6
40.7
43.6
42.4
43.8
43.9
43.6
42.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

58,063
3,166
1,255
1,912
54,896
6,428
48,469
31,762
15,182
1,526

2,284
329
125
204
1,955
426
1,529
1,043
422
63

4,331
1,587
908
678
2,744
833
1,912
694
581
636

51,448
1,250
222
1,030
50,197
5,169
45,028
30,025
14,179
827

29,256
940
184
758
28,315
3,311
25,005
16,201
8,255
552

22,192
310
38
272
21,882
1,858
20,023
13,824
5,924
275

42.2
27.3
20.9
31.4
43.1
39.2
43.6
44.3
43.4
31.3

45.1
41.0
39.1
41.4
45.2
43.6
45.4
45.6
44.9
42.8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,038
3,152
1,233
1,920
44,886
6,021
38,865
25,741
11,976
1,149

2,680
337
100
236
2,343
446
1,898
1,243
598
57

10,178
1,809
977
832
8,369
1,201
7,169
4,254
2,287
627

35,180
1,006
156
852
34,174
4,374
29,798
20,244
9,091
465

26,123
833
132
702
25,291
3,343
21,946
14,795
6,793
360

9,057
173
24
150
8,883
1,031
7,852
5,449
2,298
105

35.7
24.7
18.7
28.5
36.5
35.4
36.6
37.1
36.5
26.9

41.3
39.4
37.9
39.7
41.4
41.0
41.5
41.5
41.4
41.1

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

91,929
50,873
41,056

4,026
1,866
2,160

13,022
3,804
9,218

74,881
45,203
29,678

46,469
24,855
21,612

28,412
20,348
8,066

39.4
42.5
35.5

43.8
45.3
41.5

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

10,869
5,407
5,462

786
353
433

1,061
363
698

9,022
4,691
4,331

6,991
3,390
3,601

2,031
1,301
730

38.2
39.9
36.5

41.6
42.7
40.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,066
5,744
15,253

951
279
1,054

1,322
267
2,742

34,793
5,198
11,457

18,814
2,963
7,476

15,979
2,235
3,981

44.0
42.9
37.6

45.6
45.2
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

26,354
9,340
12,344

1,264
548
866

5,962
1,169
3,046

19,128
7,623
8,432

14,448
5,438
6,240

4,680
2,185
2,192

35.4
38.1
34.4

41.0
41.9
41.5

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

200




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
34. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

4,918

14,466

86,471

55,199

11,386

19,886

39.3

43.6

27,474
13,613
13,862

491
175
316

2,511

24,472
12,744

3,143
1,678

33,930
3,362

1,304
52
706
545
1,421

13,486
6,516
6,970
18,265
2,046
5,095
11,124
6,553
212

1,465
3,247
384
1,323
1,540

7,843
4,550
3,293
5,100

963
5,378
7,508
9,387

239
722
1,790
2,206

1,293
1,550
74
413
1,062
2,639
2,754

3,392

4,843
2,076
2,467

1,161
572
474

998
1,304
452

42.3
44.4
40.4
37.8
39.6
39.0
36.4
34.0
25.9
42.5
33.3
41.8
40.0
40.6
43.0
36.2

45.1
46.0
44.2
42.6
42.4
45.7
40.5
42.6
44.6
45.5
41.9
43.6
43.3
42.3
46.3
41.8

105,855

13,157
17,411

14,556

694
1,817
6,014
385
2,721

11,728
26,612

2,907

13,958

4,031

9,104
327

397

2,925
9,729

1,001
40

495
3,311

4,638

152
47
1,221
629
1,072
362
247
464

57,708

2,234

4,255

51,219

29,035

7,195

14,989

42.3

45.1

15,413
8,290
7,123
12,031
1,763
6,778
3,490
5,795
33
1,567
4,195
11,901

221
97
123
294
24
173

14,484
7,941
6,544
10,609
1,637
5,955
3,018
4,280
11

5,794
3,463
2,331
3,401
359
2,561

12,569
4,570
4,148
3,850

10,855
4,286
3,723
2,847

6,892
3,468
3,424
5,697
1,045
2,549
2,102
2,898
8
826
2,064
6,829
6,720
2,763
1,915
2,041

1,798

33
368
571
738
152
204
382

708
252
455
1,128
103
650
375
1,105
13
106
987
339
975
132
222
622

1,714
766
545
403

478
2,508
2,421
757
1,262
402

45.3
46.5
43.8
42.5
41.9
44.4
39.2
37.5
(2)
43.7
35.3
42.1
40.9
42.0
43.9
36.4

46.9
47.6
46.1
45.5
43.6
47.7
42.2
43.9
(2)
46.0
42.8
43.6
44.0
43.2
46.5
42.0

48,147

2,684

10,211

35,252

26,164

4,191

4,897

35.7

41.4

12,061
5,322

270
77
193

1,803
442
1,362
4,886
282

9,988
4,804

6,594
3,048
3,546

1,345

2,049

669
675

1,086

12,569
1,001
2,546

1,735
152
478
1,105
485
40
21
424
135

38.6
41.1
36.7
35.2
37.1
33.4
35.8
31.7
26.0
35.2
32.2
38.6
37.4
38.5
33.8
34.8

42.5
43.2
41.9
40.6
40.8
42.4
40.0
41.5
44.6
42.0
41.3
41.8
40.9
40.8
42.2
40.9

876
1,824
11,856
13,021
16,874

7,697
4,539

6,739
21,899
1,599

6,378
13,921
8,761
843
257
7,661
1,120
4,305
3,127

390
788

97
410

9

1,010
29
533
448
1,011
143
14
854
58
334

210
43
82

162
3,472
455

1,455
333
340
782

2,071
2,532
2,926
385
57
2,485
116
479
201
118
160

1,615

7,163
11,937
14,346
7,002

3,952

1,429
2,840
10,991

5,184
16,003
1,288
3,774
10,941
4,825
315
186
4,323

946
3,491
2,716
229
546

9,022
3,655
204
137
3,314
679
2,667
2,080
161
426

1,009
789
1,512
232
845
435
516
1
217

298
1,655

492
395
27
70

481
865
3
385

963
1,699
136
751

813
685
72
29
585
132
332
241
42
50

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.

201

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
35. Persons not In the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Reason and sex
1987

1988

20 to 24
years

16 to 19
years

60 years
and over

25 to 59
years

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

62,888

62,944

6,618

6,497

3,993

3,929

21,161

21,074

31,115

31,444

57,172

57,571

5,377

5,349

3,172

3,177

18,127

18,203

30,498

30,841

6,378
4,294
25,724

4,137
36

4,131
53
343

1,408
124
1,197

1,427
140

4,539

6,383
4,485
25,139
16,930
4,634

822

443

820
2,122
12,282
407
2,496

808
2,213
12,131
445
2,606

14
2,014
11,878
15,831
761

14
2,080
11,491
16,484
772

5,714

5,373

1,147

822

16,237

366

435

838

3,034

2,872

616

602

235
46
241
143
100
43
157

753
237
47
209
125
86
40
135

284
603
905
585
421
164
657

267
558
843
577
415
159
627

6
185
49
177
80
97
199

6
178
51
160
67
94
207

3,144

1,358

1,337

4,116

4,256

11,996

12,193

2,596

2,549

1,083

1,075

3,290

3,441

11,719

11,917

3,186
2,290
438
10,575
2,496

2,107
17
30

2,086
24
24

767
72
24

768
86
11

442

415

220

210

350
1,191
152
309
1,288

330
1,250
162
334
1,365

4
914
249
10,045
507

2
929
240
10,240
506

1,944

624

595

275

260

824

815

278

276

89
263
242
221

2
90
78
108

2
82
80
112

1,140

1,353
805
1,168
954
619
336
1,093

1,240
894
27
70
121
73
48
128

843
21
65
92
49
42
126

20,692

20,930

3,222

18,688

18,985

3,228

2,193
457
10,353
2,457
2,003

1,420
862
1,266

1,026
672
354

1,175

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons1

718
426
425
434

683
375
438
448

489
12
68
55

473
8
55
59

118
29
66
62

118
23
62
57

108
295
212
209

42,195

42,014

3,396

3,352

2,636

2,593

17,045

16,818

19,119

19,251

38,484

38,586

2,781

2,798

2,091

2,099

14,838

14,762

18,778

18,925

3,150
2,101
25,267
5,884
2,082

3,197
2,195
24,701
6,355
2,138

2,030
18

2,045
27

642
54

659
53

337

319

1,172

1,163

469
931
12,131
98
1,209

479
961
11,968
111
1,242

10
1,099
11,629
5,786
254

12
1,152
11,252
6,243
266

396

407

223

224

3,711

3,429

2,208

2,059

339

326

616
405
16
70
53
72

552
370
14
65
37
66

547
116
16
241
78
96

494
118
24
209
64
79

177
308
905
371
447

178
296
843
335
407

3
96
49
99
92

4
96
51
81
94

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons

702
436
1,266
601
706

670
430
1,168
516
645

Includes small number of m e n not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
N O T E : Detail in tables 35 and 36 m a y not add to not-in-labor-force

202




totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
36. Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Reason, race, and Hispanic origin
1987

Sex

Age

Total

1988

16 to 24
years
1987

25 to 59
years
1988

60 years
and over
1987

Men

1988

1987

Women

1988

1987

1988

1988

1987

53,669 53,439 8,089

7,862

17,669 17,406 27,910 28,171 17,410 17,538 36,258 35,901

49,455 49,576 6,636

6,560

15,422 15,333 27,399 27,678 15,931 16,118 33,524 33,458

4,923 4,870 4,302
116
3,386 3,516
22,862 22,287
14,629 15,228 1,268
3,655 3,675

4,253
141

604
13
12
609
1,642 1,707 1,630 1,668
10,781 10,575 10,813 10,483
374
402 14,257 14,823
686
2,016 2,045
692

950

938
2,248

2,072

511

1,451
805
53
207
162
224

1,298
751
47
171
124
205

206
450
682
389
521

173
401
622
383
493

7,359

7,487 2,025

2,036

2,643

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

6,075

6,215

1,491

1,519

1,035
814
2,161

1,066
877
2,080

920
39
251

974
45

1,344
721

1,420
772

281

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,284

1,272

535

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

4,213
1,016
649
932
693
923

1,228

3,863
928
585
833
639
878

2,503
1,750
357
9,363
1,958

2,447 2,420 2,423
1,813 1,636 1,703
346 22,505 21,941
9,569 5,266 5,659
1,943 1,697 1,732

492

1,479

1,419

2,734

2,444

5
145
43
140
178

4
137
40
129
182

518
340

477
284

279
342

301
357

498
309
932
414
581

451
301
833
338
521

2,724

2,691

2,728

2,641

2,694

4,717

4,793

1,987

2,064

2,597

2,630

2,210

2,273

3,865

3,941

115
425
1,025
27
395

91
448
1,040
37
448

350
885
1,317
45

384
796
1,384
66

496
395
77
822
420

502
425
71
823
452

540
419
2,084
521
301

564
452
2,008
597
320

BLACK
Total not in labor force

243
257

657

660

94

100

431

421

852

853

277
18
99
90
51

513
277
18
92
82
44

56
132
192
173
104

69
144
187
154
106

37
5
32
20

1
39
11
26
23

159
72

160
82

127
73

108
71

174
116
295
167
100

187
119
291
153
103

4,327

4,342 1,207

1,145

2,029

2,085

1,090

1,112

1,208

1,195

3,119

3,147

3,749

3,784

971

921

1,723

1,783

1,055

1,082

1,012

1,004

2,734

2,778

583
325
2,011
523
307

531
343
2,057
508
345

515
22

473
27

311

299

67
193
1,286
15
162

59
204
1,305
15
200

1
109
414
509
22

113
453
492
24

284
178
50
326
174

257
185
46
328
188

298
147
1,961
196
132

274
157
2,010
180
157

123

122

578

559

307

300

34

29

195

190

384

369

237
119
5
46
42
25

226
105
7
46
34
34

31
53
110
55
58

26
43
101
80
50

75
40

63
31

48
32

55
41

76
32
160
58
58

32
148
67
53

333
188
295
294
174

347
201
291
261
173

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

150
72
160
106
90

132
62
148
122
95

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not




sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

203

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
1988
Age

Reason and sex
Total

Race and Hispanic origin

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

81

9
23
10

1
29
10

21
87
51

352
267

33
16

50
36

52
51
45

5
17
6

166
125

17
9

60 years
and over

Hispanic
origin

White

Black

81
4
9

90
86
58

18
44
21

6
22
8

239
176

29
38

209
197

128
50

61
25

1
13
4

8
21
30

38
1
4

40
30
35

11
15

27
17

109
76

14
23

107
90

53
22

31
10

16
6

14
68
21

42
3
5

50
56
23

7
29
13

2
15
4

23
19

132
101

16
15

102
107

75
28

30
15

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

112
143

Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

60
92
36
186
142

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

204




15
7

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
38. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within the
next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex
1987

1988

16 to 24
years

Race

25 to 59
years

1987

1988

White
1987

1988

Black
1987

1988

1988

1987

53,549 53,987 5,877
9,335 8,954 4,733
1,637 1,511 1,468
1,230 1,152
69
2,069 1,878
583
4,400 4,412 2,614

5,920
4,504
1,341
51
513
2,599

17,148 17,181 30,524 30,886 46,362 46,495 5,684
591
4,012 3,893
557 7,305 6,941 1,674
433
999
3
165
164
7 1,117
279
840
914
983
179
912
189
366
195
1,291 1,188
177 1,622 1,432
596
213
1,574 1,628
184 3,652 3,670

5,857
1,630
419
266
368
578

17,183 17,567 2,361
3,508 3,361 2,218
716
652
751
16
246
266
194
583
618
1,873 1,880 1,293

2,370
2,110
618
16
182
1,294

3,263 11,716 11,933 14,658 14,903 2,037
280
992
259 2,751 2,634
604
438
512
1
34
197
177
175
70
78
161
78
455
491
96
98
304
94
1,571 1,567
104
491
235

2,126
569
178
53
99
239

36,366 36,420 3,516
5,828 5,593 2,514
753
859
886
52
906
964
391
1,451 1,295
2,527 2,533 1,321

3,550
2,394
723
36
331
1,305

14,042 13,917 18,808 18,952 31,704 31,592 3,647
299 4,554 4,307 1,070
310
3,003 2,899
236
561
7
130
131
605
3
201
119
751
665
737
101
810
273
81 1,131
977
883
96
965
361
91 2,081 2,103
1,097 1,137
109

3,731
1,062
240
213
269
339

1987

1988

60 years
and over

TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

3,106
1,009
34
173
325
477

Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months




205

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total

Hispanic origin

Black

Employment status, sex, and age

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men,

:...

182,753
119,865
65.6
112,440
3,208
109,232
7,425
6.2
62,888

184,613
121,669
65.9
114,968
3,169
111,800
6,701
5.5
62,944

156,958
103,290
65.8
97,789
2,986
94,803
5,501
5.3
53,669

158,194
104,756
66.2
99,812
2,965
96,846
4,944
4.7
53,439

20,352
12,993
63.8
11,309
164
11,145
1,684
13.0
7,359

20,692
13,205
63.8
11,658
153
11,505
1,547
11.7
7,487

12,867
8,541
66.4
7,790
398
7,391
751
8.8
4,327

13,325
8,982
67.4
8,250
407
7,843
732
8.2
4,342

86,899
66,207
76.2
62,107
2,543
59,564
4,101
6.2
20,692

87,857
66,927
76.2
63,273
2,493
60,780
3,655
5.5
20,930

75,189
57,779
76.8
54,647
2,354
52,293
3,132
5.4
17,410

75,855
58,317
76.9
55,550
2,318
53,232
2,766
4.7
17,538

9,128
6,486
71.1
5,661
142
5,519
826
12.7
2,642

9,289
6,596
71.0
5,824
133
5,691
771
11.7
2,694

6,371
5,163
81.0
4,713
351
4,361
451
8.7
1,208

6,604
5,409
81.9
4,972
356
4,616
437
8.1
1,195

79,565
62,095
78.0
58,726
2,329
56,397
3,369
5.4
17,470

80,553
62,768
77.9
59,781
2,271
57,510
2,987
4.8
17,785

69,175
54,232
78.4
51,649
2,150
49,499
2,584
4.8
14,942

69,887
54,734
78.3
52,466
2,104
50,362
2,268
4.1
15,153

8,063
6,023
74.7
5,357
135
5,222
666
11.1
2,040

8,215
6,127
74.6
5,509
129
5,381
617
10.1
2,089

5,700
4,818
84.5
4,444
327
4,118
374
7.8
882

5,921
5,031
85.0
4,680
327
4,353
351
7.0
890

95,853
53,658
56.0
50,334
666
49,668
3,324
6.2
42,195

96,756
54,742
56.6
51,696
676
51,020
3,046
5.6
42,014

81,769
45,510
55.7
43,142
632
42,509
2,369
5.2
36,258

82,340
46,439
56.4
44,262
648
43,614
2,177
4.7
35,901

11,224
6,507
58.0
5,648
22
5,626
858
13.2
4,717

11,402
6,609
58.0
5,834
20
5,814
776
11.7
4,793

6,496
3,377
52.0
3,077
47
3,030
300
8.9
3,119

6,721
3,573
53.2
3,278
51
3,227
296
8.3
3,147

83,583
49,783
56.2
47,074
622
46,453
2,709
5.4
38,800

89,532
50,870
56.8
48,383
625
47,757
2,487
4.9
38,662

75,845
42,164
55.6
40,242
590
39,652
1,922
4.6
33,681

76,470
43,081
56.3
41,316
599
40,717
1,766
4.1
33,389

10,126
6,071
60.0
5,365
20
5,345
706
11.6
4,054

10,298
6,190
60.1
5,548
18
5,530
642
10.4
4,108

5,835
3,112
53.3
2,872
45
2,827
241
7.7
2,723

6,050
3,281
54.2
3,047
49
2,998
234
7.1
2,769

14,606
7,988
54.7
6,640
258
6,382
1,347
16.9
6,618

14,527
8,031
55.3
6,805
273
6,532
1,226
15.3
6,497

11,939
6,893
57.7
5,898
246
5,652
995
14.4
5,045

11,838
6,940
> 58.6
6,030
263
5,767
910
13.1
4,897

2,163
899
41.6
587
9
578
312
34.7
1,264

2,179
889
40.8
601
7
594
288
32.4
1,291

1,332
610
45.8
474
27
447
136
22.3
722

1,354
671
49.6
523
32
492
148
22.0
683

16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

N O T E : Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

206




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40.

Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

Employment status, sex, and age
1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

12,867
8,541
66.4
7,790
398
7,391
751
8.8
4,327

13,325
8,982
67.4
8,250
407
7,843
732
8.2
4,342

7,651
5,203
68.0
4,690
351
4,339
514
9.9
2,448

8,013
5,572
69.5
5,066
369
4,696
506
9.1
2,441

1,540
827
53.7
744
9
735
83
10.1
713

1,599
883
55.2
807
4
803
76
8.6
716

819
546
66.7
518
4
514
28
5.2
273

849
565
66.5
537
5
532
28
5.0
284

6,371
5,163
81.0
4,713
351
4,361
451
8.7
1,208

6,604
5,409
81.9
4,972
356
4,616
437
8.1
1,195

3,929
3,251
82.7
2,941
313
2,628
310
9.5
678

4,133
3,482
84.2
3,177
324
2,853
304
8.7
652

669
484
72.3
433
7
427
50
10.4
185

705
513
72.8
467
4
462
46
9.0
192

407
316
77.6
300
3
297
16
5.1
90

417
329
78.9
313
4
308
16
4.8
88

5,700
4,818
84.5
4,444
327
4,118
374
7.8
882

5,921
5,031
85.0
4,680
327
4,353
351
7.0
890

3,485
3,005
86.2
2,755
290
2,465
251
8.3
479

3,670
3,204
87.3
2,966
299
2,667
237
7.4
466

595
454
76.3
411
6
404
44
9.6
141

634
483
76.2
443
4
439
40
8.2
152

379
306
80.7
291
3
288
15
5.0
73

394
319
81.0
304
4
300
15
4.7
75

6,496
3,377
52.0
3,077
47
3,030
300
8.9
3,119

6,721
3,573
53.2
3,278
51
3,227
296
8.3
3,147

3,722
1,952
52.4
1,748
38
1,711
204
10.4
1,770

3,880
2,090
53.9
1,889
45
1,843
201
9.6
1,790

871
343
39.3
310
2
308
33
9.6
528

894
370
41.4
340

412
230
55.8
218

340
30
8.1
524

217
12
5.3
182

432
237
54.9
224
1
223
12
5.2
195

5,835
3,112
53.3
2,872
45
2,827
241
7.7
2,723

6,050
3,281
54.2
3,047
49
2,998
234
7.1
2,769

3,299
1,779
53.9
1,617
36
1,581
162
9.1
1,520

3,438
1,886
54.9
1,730
43
1,687
156
8.3
1,553

783
319
40.7
293
2
290
26
8.3
464

801
342
42.7
319

393
220
56.0
210

319
23
6.7
459

209
10
4.5
173

409
226
55.3
215
1
214
11
5.0
183

1,332
610
45.8
474
27
447
136
22.3
722

1,354
671
49.6
523
32
492
148
22.0
683

868
419
48.3
318
25
293
101
24.2
449

905
482
53.3
369
27
342
113
23.4
423

162
54
33.3
41

163
59
36.2
45

47
20
42.6
17

46
20
43.5
18

41
13
24.2
109

45
14
23.2
105

17
3
(2)
26

18
2
(2)
25

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.

207

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
41. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Black

White

Total

Hispanic origin

Category
1988

1987

1988

112,440 114,968 97,789
62,107 63,273 54,647
50,334 51,696 43,142

99,812
55,550
44,262

11,309
5,661
5,648

1987

1988

1987

1987

1988

11,658
5,824
5,834

7,790
4,713
3,077

8,250
4,972
3,278

1,086
570
516

2,064
152
730
1,182

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

27,742
13,316
14,426

29,190
14,216
14,974

25,107
12,200
12,907

26,408
13,022
13,386

1,712
741
972

1,794
1,005

1,018
509
509

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,082

35,532
3,521

30,949
2,914

13,480
18,256

13,747

12,295

3,099
283
806

3,239
329
839

1,969
130
713

18,264

15,740

31,178
3,019
12,495
15,664

2,010

2,071

1,126

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,054

15,332
909
1,944
12,479

12,105
687
1,584
9,834

2,614
211
316
2,087

2,698
205
324
2,169

1,369
120
111
1,139

1,560
152
122

12,213

11,916
703
1,558
9,655

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,568
4,445
5,011
4,112

13,664
4,454
5,098
4,112

12,262
4,028
4,582
3,652

12,305
4,033
4,656
3,616

996
324
354
318

1,029
317
363
349

1,083
312
387
384

1,116
337
419
360

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,486
7,994
4,712
4,779
766
4,013

17,814
8,117
4,831
4,866
799
4,068

14,340
6,498
3,934
3,909
627
3,282

14,665
6,642
4,027
3,997
661
3,336

2,659
1,195
699
765
123
641

2,672
1,197
719
755
121
634

1,890
1,001
360
528
106
422

1,975
1,079
343
552
122
430

3,507

3,437

3,214

3,150

229

226

461

448

1,632
1,423

1,621
1,398
150

1,467
1,370
149

1,461

128
34
2

128
26

339
54
5

348
55
4

100,771 103,021 86,983
16,800 17,114 13,662
83,970 85,907 73,321
1,208
1,153
915
82,762 84,754 72,407
8,201
8,519
7,586
260
260
233

88,771
13,915
74,857
869
73,988
7,843
232

10,769

11,110
2,616
8,494

6,972
961

7,369
985
6,384
177

369
7

388
6

6,012
143
5,869
401

91,251
5,402

93,454
5,206

9,342

9,643

861

15,788

16,308

80,940
4,228
14,643

818
1,198

3,346

934
1,907

Farming, forestry, and fishing

789

1,286

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

153

^

1,356
148

2,590
8,179
265
7,915

261
8,233

18

6,207
453
21

6,469
579
742

6,870
621
759

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS1
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

208




79,133
4,378
14,278

1,106

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

1987

1988

1987

1988

7,790
4,713
3,077

8,250
4,972
3,278

4,690
2,941
1,748

5,066
3,177
1,889

744
433
310

807
467
340

518
300
217

537
313
224

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

1,018
509
509

1,086
570
516

513
259
254

519
276
244

105
51
55

126
65
61

115
64
51

130
77
53

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,969
130
713
1,126

2,064
152
730
1,182

1,068

1,120
78

219
11
56
151

232
18
50
163

181
11
74
96

186
11
68

106

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,369
120
111
1,139

1,560
152
122
1,286

793
62
68
663

810

132
1
15
116

143
3
18
122

61
4
6
50

60
3
5
52

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,083
312
387
384

1,116
337
419
360

688
184
262
242

724
210
277
237

95
36
26
33

110
43
33
34

67
23
25
18

63
20
27
15

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1,890
1,001
360
528
106
422

1,975
1,079
343
552
122
430

1,224
628
223
374
84
290

1,326
713
217
396
94
302

183
96
40
47
5
42

191
104
41
46
7
40

88
47
23
18
2
16

95
51
18
25
3
22

461

448

403

406

10

339
54
5

348
55
4

304
42
4

321
45
3

6,972
961

7,369
985

4,116

6,012
143
5,869
401

6,384
177
6,207
453

3,518
78
3,440

214

4,445
608
3,837
98
3,739
241

775
140
635
3
632
27

18

21

10

12

1

473
46
427
4
423
39
3

471
55
416
3
413
57
4

6,469
579
742

6,870
621
759

3,838
421
431

4,153
471
442

697
35
75

446
19
53

470
20
47

Category

Puerto Rican
origin
1987

Cuban origin

1988

1987

1988

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing

68
382
618

401
640
970
81
79

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

598

708
129
579
1
578
27

2

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




643
34
67

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.

209

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
43. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total

White

Black

Hispanic origin

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1987

1988

112,440

114,968

97,789

99,812

11,309

11,658

7,790

8,250

6,640
2,736
3,905
13,524
92,276
77,771
14,506

6,805
2,713
4,092
13,244
94,919
80,290
14,630

5,898
2,468
3,431
11,748
80,143
67,241
12,900

6,030
2,424
3,606
11,438
82,345
69,318
13,027

587
203
385
1,421
9,301
8,023
1,277

601
223
378
1,433
9,624
8,346
1,278

474
149
325
1,273
6,043
5,453
588

523
171
353
1,341
6,385
5,703
682

62,107

63,273

54,647

55,550

5,661

5,824

4,713

4,972

3,381
1,393
1,988
7,058
51,668
43,136
8,532

3,492
1,403
2,089
6,918
52,863
44,360
8,502

2,999
1,252
1,747
6,150
45,499
37,817
7,681

3,084
1,248
1,836
5,987
46,479
38,823
7,657

304
109
195
728
4,629
3,957
671

316
122
193
736
4,773
4,107
667

268
81
188
777
3,666
3,314
353

292
87
205
815
3,866
3,471
395

50,3341

51,696

43,142

44,262

5,648

5,834

3,077

3,278

3,260
1,343
1,917
6,466
40,609
34,635
5,974

3,313
1,310
2,003
6,326
42,057
35,929
6,127

2,900
1,216
1,684
5,598
34,644
29,424
5,219

2,946
1,176
1,770
5,450
35,866
30,495
5,370

283
93
190
693
4,672
4,066
606

285
101
184
697
4,851
4,239
611

206
69
137
496
2,376
2,141
235

231
84
147
526
2,520
2,232
287

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

44. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)
Hispanic origin

Black

White

Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

210




1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

6.2

5.5

5.3

4.7

13.0

11.7

8.8

8.2

16.9
19.1
15.2
9.7
4.8
5.0
3.3

15.3
17.4
13.8
8.7
4.3
4.5
3.1

14.4
16.7
12.7
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.0

13.1
15.3
11.6
7.1
3.7
3.9
2.8

34.7
39.7
31.6
21.8
9.5
10.1
5.3

32.4
35.1
30.7
19.6
8.6
9.2
5.0

22.3
27.7
19.5
10.6
7.1
7.2
6.1

22.0
27.1
19.3
9.8
6.4
6.5
5.8

6.2

5.5

5.4

4.7

12.7

11.7

8.7

8.1

17.8
20.2
16.0
9.9
4.8
5.0
3.5

16.0
18.2
14.6
8.9
4.2
4.4
3.3

15.5
17.9
13.7
8.4
4.2
4.5
3.2

13.9
16.1
12.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
3.0

34.4
39.0
31.6
20.3
9.4
9.9
6.3

32.7
34.4
31.7
19.4
8.4
8.9
5.4

22.2
28.2
19.3
10.2
7.2
7.3
6.8

22.7
29.5
19.5
9.2
6.5
6.5
6.8

6.2

5.6

5.2

4.7

13.2

11.7

8.9

8.3

15.9
18.0
14.3
9.4
4.8
5.1
3.0

14.4
16.6
12.9
8.5
4.3
4.6
2.8

13.4
15.5
11.7
7.4
4.1
4.3
2.8

12.3
14.4
10.8
6.7
3.7
3.9
2.5

34.9
40.5
31.7
23.3
9.6
10.3
4.3

32.0
35.9
29.6
19.8
8.8
9.4
4.5

22.4
27.1
19.9
11.4
6.9
7.2
4.9

21.0
24.5
18.9
10.7
6.4
6.6
4.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin

Black

White

Total
Weeks of unemployment
1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

7,425
3,246
2,196
1,983
943
1,040

6,701
3,084
2,007
1,610
801
809

5,501
2,468
1,621
1,412
684
728

4,944
2,332
1,468
1,143
588
555

1,684
671
509
504
224
281

1,547
656
476
414
187
227

751
358
215
178
93
86

732
367
217
149
84
65

14.5
6.5

13.5
5.9

14.0
6.2

12.9
5.6

16.4
7.6

15.4
6.9

12.7
5.6

11.2
5.0

100.0
43.7
29.6
26.7
12.7
14.0

100.0
46.0
30.0
24.0
12.0
12.1

100.0
44.9
29.5
25.7
12.4
13.2

100.0
47.2
29.7
23.1
11.9
11.2

100.0
39.8
30.2
29.9
13.3
16.7

100.0
42.4
30.8
26.8
12.1
14.7

100.0
47.6
28.6
23.8
12.4
11.4

100.0
50.1
29.6
20.3
11.5
8.9

DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

46. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total

White

Black

Hispanic origin

Reasons for unemployment

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

7,425
3,566
943
2,623
965
1,974

6,701
3,092
851
2,241

5,501
2,704
782
1,922

4,944
2,338

732
371

920

784
1,401
613

776
1,298
532

1,547
674
127
546
180
445
249

751
406
85
321

983
1,809
816

1,684
761
144
617
151
501
271

99

95
166
100

100.0
48.0
12.7
35.3
13.0
26.6
12.4

100.0
46.1
12.7
33.4
14.7
27.0
12.2

100.0
49.1
14.2
34.9
14.2
25.5
11.1

100.0
47.2
14.2
33.0
15.7
26.2
10.8

100.0
45.2

8.6
36.6
8.9
29.8
16.1

100.0
43.6
8.2
35.3
11.6
28.7
16.1

100.0
54.1
11.3
42.8
11.1
21.6
13.2

100.0
50.7
11.2
39.5
13.0
22.7
13.7

3.0
.8
1.6
.8

2.5

2.7

1.5
.7

1.4
.6

2.3
.7
1.2
.5

5.9
1.2
3.9
2.1

5.1
1.4
3.4
1.9

4.8
1.0
1.9
1.2

4.1
1.1
1.8
1.1

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

704
1,634

83
162

82
289

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

211

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
47. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
1987

Employed

1988

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
1987

1988

1987

1988
1987

1988

1987

1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,835
6,202
922
2,610
2,670
1,633

7,893
5,907
692
2,163
3,052
1,986

7,244
5,920
872
2,495
2,553
1,324

7,274
5,626
651
2,060
2,915
1,648

6,893
5,622
792
2,374
2,456
1,271

6,982
5,389
605
1,968
2,816
1,593

351
298
80
121
97
53

292
237
46
92
99
55

4.8
5.0
9.2
4.8
3.8
4.0

4.0
4.2
7.1
4.5
3.4
3.3

19,454
8,843
6,221
4,390

20,421
9,095
6,827
4,499

18,416
8,431
5,881
4,104

19,292
8,635
6,456
4,201

17,549
8,006
5,623
3,920

18,493
8,241
6,206
4,048

867
425
258
184

799
394
250
155

4.7
5.0
4.4
4.5

4.1
4.6
3.9
3.7

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

212




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Black

White

Nonveterans
Hispanic origin

White

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

5,500
5,273
5,035
238
4.5

5,236
5,023
4,831
192
3.8

588
539
489
50
9.3

580
517
480
37
7.1

286
266
248
18
6.9

258
246
232
14
5.7

772
734
674
60
8.2

580
550
517
33
6.0

124
114
97
15.1

101
90
79
11
12.3

61
56
49
7
12.3

48
45
41
4
8.4

7,644
7,351
7,027
324
4.4

2,305
2,213

1,902

261
240
218
22
9.2

221
193
183
11
5.6

128
121
113
8
6.5

102
98
90
7
7.7

5,325
5,081

95
4.3

1,829
1,750
78
4.3

2,423
2,326
2,243
83
3.6

2,754
2,643
2,563
80
3.0

203
184
174
11
5.8

258
234
219
15
6.3

96
89
86
4
4.0

108
103
101
3
2.7

1987

1988

Black

Hispanic origin

1987

1988

1987

1988

16,732 17,541 1,967
15,988 16,740 1,747
15,330 16,133 1,574
173
607
658
9.9
4.1
3.6

2,055
1,819
1,657
162
8.9

1,744
1,629
1,517
112
6.9

1,849
1,733
1,631

7,582
7,522
7,221
302
4.0

900
814
728
87
10.6

936
840
759
82
9.7

773
727
677
50
6.9

805
758
714
44
5.8

4,889
192
3.8

5,842
5,579
5,393
185
3.3

619
548
495
53
9.7

684
609
555
54
8.9

540
503
467
36
7.2

606
568
533
35
6.1

3,763
3,555
3,414
141
4.0

3,848
3,639
3,519
120
3.3

448
385
351
34
8.7

436
370
343
26
7.1

432
399
373
26
6.5

438
407
384
23
5.6

TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

102
5.9

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

17

35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,117

40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited
to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds




to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Detail for the above
race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in
both the white and black population groups.

213

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
49. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1987

With unemployment:

With unemployment:

Percent of families:

Percent of families:
Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin

Total
families

Total

With at
Total
With no With at
least one families
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
in
person in
employed
family
family
full time

Total

With at
With no With at
least one
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
person in
in
employed
family
family
full time

TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age

64,004
31,683

age

50,679
24,215

age
age

10,614
6,433
2,711
1,035

5,587
3,360
3,882
2,360
1,375
870
330

130

29.1
31.4
19.8
18.6
52.8
62.5
39.1
53.8

70.9
68.6
80.2
81.4
47.2
37.5
60.9
46.2

61.6
59.5
71.0
71.9
37.2
28.7
53.0
40.0

64,439

26.0
27.1
20.0
18.7
48.1
57.1
38.7
54.2

74.0
72.9
80.0
81.3
51.9
42.9
61.3
45.8

64.4
63.4
70.7
71.7
40.6
32.5
54.0
39.6

55,448
26,342
45,924
7,299

709

4,183
2,225
876

411
218

40.6
46.2
19.1
17.2
59.3
69.3
39.8

59.4
53.8
80.9
82.8
40.7
30.7
60.2

51.0
46.2
72.1
74.1
32.6
24.2
51.8

7,151
4,101

1,088
671
454
286
549

O

0

69.4
65.9
75.4
74.6
50.4
39.7
65.9

59.9
56.0
65.9
64.5
40.0
29.5
56.8

31,504

50,851
23,968
10,725
6,402
2,862
1,134

5,029
2,971
3,426
2,064
1,287
779
316
128

28.5
31.8
18.5
18.1
52.6
63.9
38.6
57.8

71.5
68.2
81.5
81.9
47.4
36.1
61.4
42.2

62.3
59.4
72.3
72.9
37.8
27.6
53.5
35.9

3,785
2,202
2,858
1,701

25.0
26.9
18.3
17.8
48.7
59.1
35.3
52.2

75.0
73.1
81.7
82.2
51.3
40.9
64.7
47.8

65.7
64.1
72.5
73.2
41.2
31.6
56.4
40.0

40.7
47.8
18.5
17.8
57.7
69.8
48.2
71.4

59.3
52.2
81.5
82.2
42.3
30.2
51.8
28.6

50.1
44.2
71.7
72.4
33.3
22.8
43.5
25.7

30.3
32.1
24.0
22.9
50.0
60.6
35.9

69.7
67.9
76.0
77.1
50.0
39.4
64.1

59.2
57.5
65.2
65.9
39.0
31.0
59.0

White
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age

26,493
45,754

age

21,473

age

7,292
4,206
2,124

4,218
2,495
3,234
1,948
748
452
236

age

814

95

age

7,076
4,165
3,543

1,186
747
513
320

55,170

21,282

90

Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age

1,911
3,052
2,072
481
183

589
397
84
29

3,492
1,833
3,143
2,051
515
218

351
85
35

Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

4,413
2,868
3,095
2,041

578
384
410
287

1,030
720
288
108

124
78
44
20

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

214




30.6
34.1
24.6
25.4
49.6
60.3
34.1

O

4,578

2,943
3,194
2,091

1,060
732
324
120

544
365
388
279

118
71

39
15

O

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

Percent of unemployed:

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total unemployed in families'
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

6,130
1,482
928
1,171
761
1,594

31.3
38.3
41.3
16.8
15.0
11.7

68.7
61.7
58.7
83.2
85.0
88.3

59.4
47.3
43.3
76.3
77.7
82.5

5,482
1,236
772
1,064
682
1,416

30.6
37.4
41.2
16.5
14.9
10.7

69.4
62.6
58.8
83.5
85.1
89.3

60.2
48.3
43.5
76.5
78.3
83.0

611
523
921
142
73
209

84.0
90.4
33.4
63.8
87.9
27.2

16.0
9.6
66.6
36.2
12.1
72.8

9.8
4.8
54.1
26.3
6.4
66.0

543
463
882
142
76
198

84.0
90.2
32.9
65.6
89.1
23.3

16.0
9.8
67.1
34.4
10.9
76.7

9.5
4.5
55.4
25.5

4,537
1,254
772
974
624
1,264

28.4
39.0
42.5
16.4
14.2
10.9

71.6
61.0
57.5
83.6
85.8
89.1

62.0
45.7
41.1
77.0
78.8
83.5

4,030
1,036
630
882
553
1,136

27.3
37.6
41.9
15.6
13.6
10.1

72.7
62.4
58.1
84.4
86.4

63.5
47.6
42.2
77.9
80.1
83.7

313
259
482
102
53
147

79.7
87.6
30.4
64.0
90.2
27.3

20.3
12.4
69.6
36.0
9.8
72.7

12.7
6.5
56.4
25.7
4.2
67.2

275
230
472
95
49
134

80.0
88.0
31.8
62.9
86.6
21.5

20.0
12.0
68.2
37.1
13.4
78.5

12.6
5.7
57.1
25.5
4.2
72.9

1,390
173
115
158
112
276

41.3
33.7
34.1
19.6
19.7
15.8

58.7
66.3
65.9
80.4
80.3
84.2

50.4
55.7
54.8
72.8
72.8
77.5

1,282
155
110
143
103
239

40.9
35.6
36.1
22.2
22.1
12.3

59.1
64.4
63.9
77.8
77.9
87.7

49.8
52.5
51.3
67.8
68.0
80.9

283
252
412
34
16
54

89.4
93.6
37.1

10.6
6.4
62.9

6.5
3.3
51.7
63.7

257
225
395
41
25
53

88.1
92.3
34.4
77.5
(2)
27.7

11.9
7.7
65.6
22.5
(?)
72.3

6.5
3.3
53.2
19.8
(?)
60.1

642
177
137
120
80
166

32.5
46.8
49.0
18.5
17.9
11.1

67.5
53.2
51.0
81.5
82.1
88.9

58.1
41.6
38.4
73.8
73.4
81.2

614
156
112
106
78
177

32.0
45.5
47.6
23.2
21.2
12.4

68.0
54.5
52.4
76.8
78.8
87.6

57.7
38.0
34.4
69.1
69.1
80.3

51
45
83
18
11
26

75.4
82.1
35.3

24.6
17.9
64.7

17.0
11.7
52.3

44
38
89
20
11
22

79.0
86.9
31.7

21.0
13.1
68.3

13.3

3.9
69.4

White
Total unemployed in families'
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

26.4

Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in




6.9
56.2

aggregating the data.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

215

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
51. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
other
employed
person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

Percent of employed:

With
another
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
other
employed
person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

With
another
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

91,625
38,288
22,235
27,207
14,811
12,098

22.8
30.0
31.7
8.9
5.2
6.8

77.2
70.0
68.3
91.1
94.8
93.2

65.9
51.7
46.7
86.2
90.7
89.1

93,055
38,596
22,149
27,784
14,915
12,202

22.2
29.2

5,983
3,935
4,626
1,923
851
1,500

62.4
78.5
24.7
53.0
80.0
17.3

37.6
21.5
75.3
47.0
20.0
82.7

24.8
10.4
65.1
35.6
9.8
75.5

80,036
34,642
19,898
24,260
12,999
10,717

22.2
30.5
32.4
8.5
4.6
6.6

77.8
69.5
67.6
91.5
95.4
93.4

4,278
2,781
3,414
1,544
686
1,182

60.2
77.2
25.3
52.7
79.4
16.3

8,820
2,570
1,641
2,092
1,286
974

6.9

77.8
70.8
68.9
91.6
95.3
93.1

66.5
52.6
47.3
86.7
91.4
89.0

6,121
3,943
4,694
2,045
933
1,613

62.1
79.0
23.4
52.5
79.7
17.0

37.9
21.0
76.6
47.5
20.3
83.0

25.2
9.6
67.2
36.2
10.6
76.0

66.0
50.5
45.0
86.6
91.4
89.4

81,180
34,927
19,851
24,775
13,110
10,771

21.6

8.0
4.2
6.8

78.4
70.4
68.3
92.0
95.8
93.2

66.8
51.5
45.6
87.2
91.9
89.1

39.8
22.8
74.7
47.3
20.6
83.7

25.7
10.1
64.4
35.3
9.5
76.5

4,348
2,761
3,440
1,638
744
1,281

59.5
77.4
23.8
51.3
78.0
16.6

40.5
22.6
76.2
48.7
22.0
83.4

26.4
9.7
66.6
36.7
11.2
76.6

28.8
24.1
23.7
12.9
9.5
8.9

71.2
75.9
76.3
87.1
90.5
91.1

62.7
64.2
64.5
81.5
85.2
86.2

8,970
2,561
1,587
2,100
1,256
987

28.8
23.9
23.1
12.3
8.5
8.7

71.2
76.1
76.9
87.7
91.5
91.3

62.8
64.9
65.2
82.3
86.9
85.8

1,554
1,068
1,081
303
139
247

69.3
82.0
23.6
56.9
83.9
23.0

30.7
18.0
76.4
43.1
16.1
77.0

21.9
10.8
66.7
34.9
10.1
69.4

1,625
1,098

69.2
82.5
22.9
59.6
86.8
20.6

30.8
17.5
77.1
40.4
13.2
79.4

21.4
9.2

6,278
2,458
1,778
1,544
1,047
954

26.2
37.3
39.3
8.4
7.2
7.2

73.8
62.7
60.7
91.6
92.8
92.8

64.1
48.9
45.8
85.7
87.0
86.4

6,654
2,592
1,853
1,615
1,040
999

25.0
36.4
39.5
7.8
6.5
6.0

75.0
63.6
60.5
92.2
93.5
94.0

65.5
50.3
45.9
86.5
88.1
88.1

481
326
421
223
84
196

64.0
78.8
23.1
48.3
80.4
8.4

36.0
21.2
76.9
51.7
19.6
91.6

25.9
13.0
66.5
45.5
15.5
84.6

527
345
420
256
98
245

60.8
76.8
20.6
42.8
74.3
6.1

39.2
23.2
79.4
57.2
25.7
93.9

28.8
13.5
67.8
48.5
21.5
88.5

31.1
8.4
4.7

White
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

29.6
31.7

Black
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

1,124
322

163
252

67.9
32.3
7.4
71.4

Hispanic origin
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in

216




aggregating the data.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
52. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic
origin
Type of family, number of
earners, race, and
Hispanic origin

Number of families

Median weekly earnings

1987

1988

1987

1988

42,733
33,844
12,668
9,640
2,272
757
21,176
18,473
1,996
560
147
6,963
4,702
3,675
1,027
2,260
1,926
1,144
782

42,913
33,864
12,365
9,429
2,199
736
21,499
18,945
1,872
520
162
6,989
4,741
3,743
999
2,247
2,061
1,221
840

$572
637
405
Ml
230
212
776
789
749
512
501
317
254
263
215
514
478
353
675

$596
668
418
489
238
228
811
824
787
495
494
334
260
269
225
554
486
374
700

36,555
30,095
11,385
8,784
1,946
18,710
16,332
4,959
1,501

36,667
30,135
11,120
8,609
1,866
19,015
16,768
4,930
1,602

592
647
416
485
231
785
797
329
492

616
677
432
497
243
818
831
351
496

4,942
2,768
924
581
264
1,843
1,616
1,822
352

4,999
2,747
878
546
258
1,870
1,642
1,884
368

412
529
289
335
215
675
695
284
383

435
576
281
339
205
713
733
291
419

3,219
2,411
1,032
838
122
1,379
1,110
575
234

3,384
2,488
1,044
867
119
1,444
1,179
634
261

425
473
292
314
209
615
630
285
418

451
494
301
316
236
671
689
295
429

TOTAL
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners
White
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Black
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total families with earners1
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
1
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other




person maintaining the family is either self-employed or
in the Armed Forces.

217

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
53. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings
Type of family and relationship
of unemployed members to wage
and salary earners

Number of families

Median weekly earnings

1987

1988

2,697

2,434

$411

$441

Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other earner(s)
Other earner(s) only

874
668

752
584
107
61

248
229
456
180

263
242
452
214

Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other earner(s)
Other eamer(s) only

857
726
115

804
680
107
17

410
389
662
(2)

436
407
684

385
534
46

877
341
500
35

658
507
794
(2)

676
511
811

Families maintained by women1
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed

593
87
506

559
76
483

273
195
288

281
173
304

Families maintained by men1

184

179

357

353

1

Married-couple families

Other member(s) unemployed
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners

Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
person maintaining the family is either self-employed or

218




126
80

16

965

1987

1988

in the Armed Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
54.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
1987

1987

1988

Total, 16 years and over

80,836

82,692

$373

$385

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

47,162
6,726
40,436

48,049
6,677
41,371

433
257
477

449
261
487

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

33,674
5,526
28,148

34,643
5,444
29,199

303
226
321

315
235
335

30,932
17,496
4,709
1,508

30,995
17,907
4,795
1,615

487
313
300
399

500
324
311
413

6,385
4,469
8,333
7,004

6,498
4,502
8,938
7,442

263
235
405
326

270
247
412
345

White
Men
Women

69,358
41,150
28,208

70,845
41,831
29,014

383
450
307

394
465
318

Black
Men
Women

9,050
4,679
4,371

9,352
4,826
4,527

301
326
275

314
347
288

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

6,093
3,874
2,219

6,460
4,091
2,370

284
306
251

290
307
260

1988

SEX AND AGE

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.

219

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
55.

Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
1987

1988

Total, 16 years and over

18,467

18,716

$101

$106

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,776
3,292
2,484

5,864
3,329
2,534

95
78
123

100
84
132

12,691
4,009
8,682

12,852
4,018
8,834

104
76
119

109
80
126

Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families

1,544
6,704
989
126

1,553
6,727
978
134

128
122
110
117

134
131
113
125

Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1

3,179
3,427
925
1,572

3,196
3,441
980
1,707

78
71
112
107

83
76
122
108

White
Men
Women

16,167
4,929
11,238

16,331
4,951
11,380

102
95
106

107
100
110

Black
Men
Women

1,788
650
1,138

1,823
676
1,147

92
91
93

99
98
100

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

1,121
441
680

1,162
444
718

103
104
101

107
110
105

1987

1988

SEX AND AGE

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.

220




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
56. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Occupation and sex
1987

1988

20,894
10,216
10,678
24,680
2,797
7,657
14,226

21,770
10,725
11,045

1987

1988

$522
530
518
332
429
376
308
234
133
414
217
419
424
415
418
308
295
382
277
217

$552
547
555
347
448
385
318
245
140
417
225
430
439
422
430
313
302
389
277
229

666
682
651
472
510
488
418
299

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

24,931
2,960
7,741
14,230

8,314
321

8,669
328

1,667
6,326

6,594

1,747

1,313

11,175
3,850
3,691
3,635
14,763
7,405
3,853
3,505
1,383

11,555
6,117
5,438
9,241
1,533
4,580
3,128
4,143
16
1,481
2,646
10,125
3,681
3,548
2,896
10,926
4,423
3,612
2,890
1,171

11,968
6,238
5,730
9,267
1,647
4,519
3,101
4,317
8
1,543
2,766
10,249
3,713
3,622
2,914
11,026
4,454
3,636
2,936
1,221

636
647
625
453
500
479
402
296

0

0

427
251
431
423
416
463
344
353
386
289
219

424
257
446
441
423
477
352
366
394
287
234

9,339
4,099
5,240
15,439
1,264
3,077

9,802
4,487
5,315
15,664
1,313
3,222
11,129
4,352
320
204
3,828
926
137
69
721
3,737
2,952
216
569
161

441
416
458
293
368
246
294
199
130
314
201
302
456

465
430
485
305
384
264
305
208
139
347
210
302
392
335
284
238
236
286
237
201

10,992
3,812
3,586
3,595

14,642
7,385

3,799
3,459

Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11,098
4,171
305

186
3,680
867
131
38

699
3,716
2,962
186
568
142

0

286
231
227
299
233
191

Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.




221

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
ANNUAL AVERAGES
57. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural areas
by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
United States

Metropolitan areas

Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

Central
cities

Total

Suburbs

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

182,753
119,865
65.6
112,440
7,425
6.2
62,888

184,613
121,669
65.9
114,968
6,701
5.5
62,944

142,319
94,764
66.6
89,138
5,625
5.9
47,555

143,903
96,260
66.9
91,141
5,119
5.3
47,643

56,993
36,714
64.4
33,975
2,739
7.5
20,280

57,165
37,035
64.8
34,541
2,495
6.7
20,130

85,325
58,050
68.0
55,163
2,887
5.0
27,275

86,737
59,225
68.3
56,600
2,624
4.4
27,513

79,565
62,095
78.0
58,726
3,369
5.4
17,470

80,553
62,768
77.9
59,781
2,987
4.8
17,785

61,907
48,963
79.1
46,407
2,556
5.2
12,945

62,774
49,563
79.0
47,288
2,275
4.6
13,211

24,412
18,738
76.8
17,460
1,277
6.8
5,675

24,548
18,805
76.6
17,676
1,128
6.0
5,743

37,495
30,225
80.6
28,947
1,278
4.2
7,270

38,226
30,758
80.5
29,612
1,146
3.7
7,468

88,583
49,783
56.2
47,074
2,709
5.4
38,800

89,532
50,870
56.8
48,383
2,487
4.9
38,662

69,087
39,553
57.3
37,490
2,063
5.2
29,535

69,878
40,444
57.9
38,535
1,909
4.7
29,434

28,302
15,798
55.8
14,783
1,015
6.4
12,504

28,347
16,030
56.5
15,086
944
5.9
12,318

40,785
23,755
58.2
22,706
1,048
4.4
17,031

41,530
24,414
58.8
23,450
964
4.0
17,116

14,606
7,988
54.7
6,640
1,347
16.9
6,618

14,527
8,031
55.3
6,805
1,226
15.3
6,497

11,324
6,248
55.2
5,242
1,007
16.1
5,075

11,251
6,253
55.6
5,317
936
15.0
4,998

4,279
2,178
50.9
1,732
446
20.5
2,101

4,270
2,201
51.5
1,779
422
19.2
2,069

7,045
4,070
57.8
3,510
560
13.8
2,974

6,981
4,052
58.0
3,539
514
12.7
2,929

156,958
103,290
65.8
97,789
5,501
5.3
53,669

158,194
104,756
66.2
99,812
4,944
4.7
53,439

120,750
80,681
66.8
76,631
4,049
5.0
40,069

121,733
81,786
67.2
78,117
3,669
4.5
39,947

42,719
27,787
65.0
26,184
1,603
5.8
14,932

42,763
27,980
65.4
26,508
1,472
5.3
14,783

78,031
52,894
67.8
50,448
2,446
4.6
25,137

78,969
53,806
68.1
51,609
2,197
4.1
25,164

20,352
12,993
63.8
11,309
1,684
13.0
7,359

20,692
13,205
63.8
11,658
1,547
11.7
7,487

16,862
10,926
64.8
9,531
1,396
12.8
5,936

17,157
11,170
65.1
9,883
1,287
11.5
5,987

11,889
7,384
62.1
6,348
1,036
14.0
4,505

11,863
7,408
62.4
6,472
935
12.6
4,455

4,973
3,543
71.2
3,183
360
10.2
1,431

5,294
3,762
71.1
3,410
352
9.4
1,532

12,867
8,541
66.4
7,790
751
8.8
4,327

13,325
8,982
67.4
8,250
732
8.2
4,342

11,934
7,930
66.4
7,256
674
8.5
4,004

12,364
8,326
67.3
7,676
650
7.8
4,038

6,900
4,417
64.0
3,994
423
9.6
2,483

7,116
4,628
65.0
4,224
404
8.7
2,489

5,033
3,513
69.8
3,262
251
7.1
1,520

5,248
3,698
70.5
3,452
246
6.7
1,549

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

222




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
ANNUAL AVERAGES
57. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural areas
by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Urban
areas

Nonmetropolitan areas
Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

Farm

Total
1987

1988

1987

40,434
25,101
62.1
23,302
1,799
7.2
15,332

40,710
25,409
62.4
23,827
1,582
6.2
15,301

2,880
2,002
69.5
1,953
49
2.5
878

17,646
13,126
74.4
12,313
813
6.2
4,519

17,771
13,200
74.3
12,488
712
5.4
4,571

19,506
10,236
52.5
9,591
645
6.3
9,270

Rural
areas

Nonfarm
1987

1988

2,838
2,000
70.5
1,960
40
2.0
838

37,554
23,099
61.5
21,349
1,750
7.6
14,455

1,367
1,152
84.3
1,133
19
1.6
215

1,358
1,139
83.9
1,123
16
1.4
218

19,662
10,432
53.1
9,852
579
5.6
9,231

1,269
704
55.5
686
18
2.6
565

3,282
1,739
53.0
1,398
341
19.6
1,543

3,276
1,778
54.3
1,487
290
16.3
1,499

36,208
22,609
62.4
21,157
1,451
6.4
13,600

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

37,872
23,409
61.8
21,868
1,541
6.6
14,463

134,575
88,812
66.0
83,271
5,541
6.2
45,763

135,748
90,006
66.3
84,985
5,021
5.6
45,742

48,178
31,053
64.5
29,170
1,884
6.1
17,125

48,865
31,663
64.8
29,983
1,680
5.3
17,202

16,279
11,974
73.6
11,180
794
6.6
4,305

16,414
12,060
73.5
11,364
696
5.8
4,353

57,947
45,430
78.4
42,938
2,492
5.5
12,517

58,655
45,921
78.3
43,685
2,236
4.9
12,734

21,606
16,659
77.1
15,782
877
5.3
4,947

21,890
16,841
76.9
16,091
750
4.5
5,048

1,239
711
57.4
697
14
1.9
527

18,237
9,532
52.3
8,905
627
6.6
8,705

18,424
9,720
52.8
9,155
566
5.8
8,703

66,109
37,591
56.9
35,544
2,047
5.4
28,518

66,697
38,343
57.5
36,468
1,876
4.9
28,354

22,485
12,198
54.2
11,536
662
5.4
10,287

22,843
12,532
54.9
11,920
612
4.9
10,310

244
146
59.8
134
12
8.2
98

242
149
61.7
139
10
7.0
93

3,038
1,594
52.4
1,265
329
20.6
1,445

3,034
1,628
53.7
1,348
280
17.2
1,406

10,519
5,791
55.1
4,789
1,003
17.3
4,728

10,395
5,741
55.2
4,832
909
15.8
4,654

4,086
2,196
53.7
1,851
345
15.7
1,890

4,132
2,289
55.4
1,972
317
13.8
1,843

36,462
22,969
63.0
21,695
1,275
5.5
13,492

2,790
1,944
69.7
1,901
43
2.2
846

2,767
1,956
70.7
1,919
37
1.9
810

33,418
20,665
61.8
19,257
1,408
6.8
12,753

33,695
21,013
62.4
19,776
1,238
5.9
12,682

112,376
74,425
66.2
70,538
3,887
5.2
37,951

112,907
75,219
66.6
71,727
3,493
4.6
37,687

44,582
28,864
64.7
27,251
1,614
5.6
15,718

45,288
29,536
65.2
28,085
1,451
4.9
15,751

3,489
2,067
59.2
1,778
289
14.0
1,423

3,536
2,035
57.6
1,775
260
12.8
1,500

77
49
64.0
44
5
11.0
28

57
35
61.8
32
3
7.6
22

3,412
2,017
59.1
1,734
283
14.0
1,395

3,479
2,000
57.5
1,743
257
12.8
1,479

17,475
11,249
64.4
9,777
1,472
13.1
6,226

17,800
11,477
64.5
10,118
1,358
11.8
6,323

2,876
1,744
60.6
1,532
212
12.2
1,132

2,893
1,728
59.7
1,540
188
10.9
1,164

934
611
65.4
534
77
12.6
323

656
68.3
574
83
12.6
304

51
36
70.2
34
2
4.3
15

42
30
70.6
26
4

883
575
65.1
500
75
13.1
308

919
627
68.2
548
79
12.6
292

11,896
7,882
66.3
7,194
688
8.7
4,013

12,248
8,252
67.4
7,591
661
8.0
3,996

972
658
67.7
596
63
9.5
314

1,076
730
67.9
659
71
9.7
346

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

' Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




O
12

included in both the white and black population groups. These data are based on
1980 census designations and are not comparable to data published through the
first quarter of 1984.

223

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
ANNUAL AVERAGES
58. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Employment status, race, and
Hispanic origin

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

1987

1988

1987

1988

27,554
15,643
56.8
13,842
1,801
11.5
10.3
10.2
28.6
28.9
28.3
11,911

27,479
15,748
57.3
14,089
1,658
10.5
9.3
9.4
26.8
26.9
26.7
11,731

155,199
104,222
67.2
98,599
5,623
5.4
4.7
4.7
15.1
16.0
14.0
50,977

Poverty
areas
1987

1988

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas
1987

1988

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas
1988

1987

1988

9,172
5,302
57.8
4,771
531
10.0
8.5
9.0
28.4
28.0
28.9
3,869

9,296
5,376
57.8
4,901
475
8.8
7.4
8.1
24.6
22.7
27.0
3,920

31,262
19,799
63.3
18,531
1,268
6.4
5.6
5.6
17.4
17.7
17.0
11,463

31,414
20,033
63.8
18,926
1,107
5.5
4.9
4.9
14.2
13.9
14.5
11,381

1987

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

157,134 18,382 18,182 123,937 125,720
105,921 10,340 10,372 84,423 85,888
67.4
57.0
68.1
56.3
68.3
100,879
9,070 9,188 80,068 81,953
1,184
5,042
1,270
4,355
3,935
11.4
4.8
5.2
12.3
4.6
10.3
4.1
4.5
3.9
11.3
10.1
4.5
4.1
4.2
10.7
28.0
13.5
28.7
14.5
13.3.
29.1
15.6
14.2
29.3
14.3
13.3
12.7
28.0
26.5
12.3
51,213
8,042 7,810 39,514 39,832

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

16,652 16,551 140,306 141,643
9,614
9,731 93,676 95,025
57.7
58.8
66.8
67.1
8,776 8,967 89,013 90,845
838
764 4,663 4,179
8.7
7.9
5.0
4.4
8.1
7.0
4.4
3.8
7.4
6.9
4.3
3.8
21.4
20.2
13.7
12.4
22.4
20.6
14.7
13.1
20.2
19.7
12.7
11.6
7,038 6,820 46,630 46,619

9,943
5,693
57.3
5,154
539
9.5
8.8
8.1
21.9
23.7
19.7
4,250

9,768
5,712
58.5
5,220
492
8.6
8.0
7.4
20.2
21.5
18.4
4,055

110,807
74,988
67.7
71,478
3,510
4.7
4.2
4.0
12.9
14.0
11.7
35,819

111,965
76,074
67.9
72,897
3,177
4.2
3.6
3.6
12.1
13.1
11.0
35,891

6,709
3,921
58.4
3,622
299
7.6
7.0
6.4
20.6
20.2
21.1
2,789

6,784
4,019
59.2
3,747
272
6.8
5.5
6.2
20.3
19.3
21.7
2,765

29,499
18,688
63.4
17,536
1,152
6.2
5.4
5.3
16.8
17.1
16.5
10,811

29,678
18,951
63.9
17,948
1,003
5.3
4.7
4.6
13.5
13.4
13.6
10,727

9,878
5,468
55.4
4,572
896
16.4
14.9
14.3
40.3
40.6
40.0
4,410

9,817 10,474 10,875
7,525 7,787
5,418
55.2
71.8
71.6
4,588 6,737
7,070
788
829
717
10.5
15.3
9.2
8.4
13.9
7.5
9.7
13.3
8.3
30.4
38.7
27.8
30.3
39.0
28.2
30.7
38.4
27.3
2,949
4,399
3,088

7,732
4,264
55.2
3,566
699
16.4
15.6
13.9
38.1
38.6
37.7
3,468

7,611
4,222
55.5
3,568
654
15.5
14.3
13.2
39.0
40.5
37.2
3,389

9,130
6,662
73.0
5,965
697
10.5
8.4
9.6
30.8
30.4
31.3
2,468

9,546
6,948
72.8
6,314
633
9.1
7.5
8.2
27.4
28.3
26.4
2,598

2,146
1,204
56.1
1,006
198
16.4
12.4
15.5
47.4
46.4
48.5
942

2,206
1,196
54.2
1,020
176
14.7
12.4
13.6
37.8
33.6
42.5
1,010

1,343
863
64.2
772
91
10.5
7.7
10.6
27.8

1,329
839
63.1
756
84
10.0
7.9
9.0
30.5

O
O

O
O

4,464
2,596
58.1
2,298
298
11.5
10.3
10.3
23.9
22.7
25.6
1,869

4,553
2,734
60.0
2,445
289
10.6
9.3
9.5
24.0
24.3
23.6
1,820

4,103
2,380
58.0
2,116
264
11.1
10.1
9.8
23.0
22.0
24.7
1,723

4,193
2,500
59.6
2,239
260
10.4
9.2
9.4
23.0
23.0
22.9
1,693

7,830
5,550
70.9
5,140
410
7.4
6.3
6.6
21.1
21.6
20.6
2,280

8,171
5,826
71.3
5,437
389
6.7
5.5
5.9
20.2
21.5
18.7
2,345

361
216
59.8
182
34
15.7
12.7
16.3

361
234
65.0
205
29
12.3
9.6
11.0

573
395
68.9
352
43
10.9
10.6
8.6

O
O
O

O
O
O

0
0

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

480

490

Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

224




8,403
5,945
70.7
5,492
453
7.6
6.6
6.7
21.4
21.9
20.8
2,458

8,771
6,249
71.2
5,805
443
7.1
5.9
6.2
21.0
21.8
19.9
2,523

145

126

178

600
422
70.4
368
54
12.8
11.7
10.9

O
O
O
178

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. These
data are based on 1980 census designations and are not comparable to data
published through the first quarter of 1984.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
59. Employed wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, full- or part-time status, and union affiliation
(Numbers in thousands)

1988

1987

Age, sex, race, Hispanic origin,
and full- or part-time status

Members of
unions1
Total
employed

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Members of
unions1
Total
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

99,303
19,553
79,749
30,197
23,443
14,718
9,349
2,042

16,913
1,299
15,614
4,752
5,080
3,442
2,142
198

17.0
,6.6
19.6
15.7
21.7
23.4
22.9
9.7

19,051
1,538
17,513
5,436
5,664
3,821
2,367
224

19.2
7.9
22.0
18.0
24.2
26.0
25.3
11.0

101,407
19,469
81,938
30,688
24,382
15,468
9,237
2,162

17,002
1,206
15,795
4,578
5,178
3,706
2,139
194

16.8
6.2
19.3
14.9
21.2
24.0
23.2
9.0

19,241
1,457
17,784
5,223
5,858
4,107
2,371
225

19.0
7.5
21.7
17.0
24.0
26.6
25.7
10.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

52,938
10,018
42,920
16,517
12,365
7,804
5,139
1,094

11,071
860
10,211
3,112
3,295
2,258
1,435
111

20.9
8.6
23.8
18.8
26.6
28.9
27.9
10.2

12,144
991
11,153
3,460
3,579
2,442
1,548
124

22.9
9.9
26.0
20.9
28.9
31.3
30.1
11.4

53,912
10,007
43,905
16,767
12,831
8,154
5,021
1,132

11,019
768
10,251
3,027
3,323
2,383
1,409
108

20.4
7.7
23.3
18.1
25.9
29.2
28.1
9.6

12,132
911
11,221
3,355
3,632
2,571
1,539
124

22.5
9.1
25.6
20.0
28.3
31.5
30.7
11.0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

46,365
9,536
36,829
13,680
11,079
6,914
4,209
947

5,842
440
5,402
1,640
1,786
1,183
707
87

12.6
4.6
14.7
12.0
16.1
17.1
16.8
9.1

6,907
547
6,360
1,976
2,086
1,379
819
100

14.9
5.7
17.3
14.4
18.8
19.9
19.5
10.6

47,495
9,463
38,033
13,921
11,551
7,314
4,216
1,030

5,982
438
5,544
1,551
1,855
1,323
730
85

12.6
4.6
14.6
11.1
16.1
18.1
17.3
8.3

7,109
546
6,563
1,868
2,226
1,537
832
100

15.0
5.8
17.3
13.4
19.3
21.0
19.7
9.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

85,525
46,079
39,446

13,972
9,407
4,565

16.3
20.4
11.6

15,712
10,288
5,424

18.4
22.3
13.8

87,176
46,783
40,393

13,932
9,294
4,638

16.0
19.9
11.5

15,759
10,210
5,549

18.1
21.8
13.7

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

10,838
5,329
5,509

2,445
1,381
1,065

22.6
25.9
19.3

2,769
1,531
1,238

25.5
28.7
22.5

11,176
5,502
5,674

2,559
1,438
1,121

22.9
26.1
19.8

2,898
1,601
1,297

25.9
29.1
22.9

7,215
4,315
2,900

1,234
859
374

17.1
19.9
12.9

1,371
938
434

19.0
21.7
15.0

7,623
4,535
3,088

1,220
837
384

16.0
18.5
12.4

1,353
913
440

17.7
20.1
14.3

80,836
18,467

15,670
1,243

19.4
6.7

17,567
1,484

21.7
8.0

82,692
18,716

15,773
1,229

19.1
6.6

17,753
1,488

21.5
8.0

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS3
Full-time workers
Part-time workers

Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours
usually worked.




NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups.

225

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
60. Employed wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1987
Members of
unions1
Occupation and industry

Total
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Members of
unions1

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

Total
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

23,378
10,770
12,607

3,512
726
2,786

22.1

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

31,801
3,243

3,265
341
612

10.3

Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service

15.0
6.7

4,286
944
3,342

18.3
8.8
26.5

24,369
11,337
13,032

3,644
734
2,910

15.0
6.5
22.3

4,470
977

3,868
412
691
2,765

12.2

32,271
3,462
11,019

3,312
391
587
2,333

10.3
11.3
5.3

3,976
469
689

13.1

2,818

12.3
13.5
6.2
15.8

14.0
38.9
10.0

2,225
839
1,387

15.7
42.6
11.4

3,493

18.3
8.6
26.8

2,311

10.5
5.6
13.1

13,876
1,909
11,967

1,953
725
1,228

14.1
38.0
10.3

2,187

795
1,392

15.8
41.7
11.6

14,178
1,969
12,209

1,989
765
1,224

Precision production, craft and repair

11,567

3,132

27.1

3,364

29.1

11,766

3,164

26.9

3,374

28.7

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,920
7,882
4,351
4,686

4,956
2,423
1,349
1,183

29.3
30.7
31.0
25.2

5,234
2,538
1,430
1,266

30.9
32.2
32.9
27.0

17,010
7,879
4,418
4,713

4,815
2,327
1,330
1,158

28.3
29.5
30.1
24.6

5,105
2,453
1,407
1,245

30.0
31.1
31.8
26.4

1,763

96

5.4

113

6.4

1,813

77

4.2

91

5.0

1,469
80,993

33
10,826
143
1,060

2.2
13.4
18.3
21.0

37
11,850

1,492
82,741

1,123

2.5
14.6
19.5
22.2

5,193

30
10,674
133
1,096

2.0
12.9
18.7
21.1

35
11,723
146
1,151

2.4
14.2
20.5
22.2

8,231

4,691
2,969
1,722

23.2
24.7
20.9

5,008
3,162
1,846

24.7
26.3
22.4

20,430
12,170
8,260

4,516
2,875
1,641

22.1
23.6
19.9

4,854
3,095
1,759

23.8
25.4
21.3

5,819
3,274
2,545

1,947
1,051
897

33.5
32.1
35.2

2,106

36.2
34.0
39.0

6,053
3,412
2,640

2,001

33.1
32.3
34.0

2,144
1,153

992

35.4
33.8
37.6

20,401

1,440
330
1,110

7.1
8.4
6.7

1,572

20,597
3,873
16,724

1,386
290

1,213

7.7
9.1
7.4

1,095

6.7
7.5
6.6

1,559
336
1,223

7.6
8.7
7.3

2.3
6.3
36.0

217
1,673
7,164

3.2
7.6
42.5

6,812
22,944
17,175

178
1,365
6,298

2.6
5.9
36.7

238
1,631
7,483

3.5
7.1
43.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing

10,860
17,698

12.7
6.4
15.6

17,790

INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers

782
5,052
20,235
12,005

3,935

16,466
6,738
21,965
16,841

158
1,387
6,055

Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but

226




153

1,113

993
359

711

1,104

897

whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
61. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and union affiliation
1988

1987

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

$373
242
403
373
435
429
405
310

$465
318
475
436
493
492
462
404

$459
312
472
430
490
492
463
406

$342
235
380
354
409
400
381
283

$385
249
414
383
449
452
419
323

$480
312
487
453
504
507
479
451

$476
309
485
447
501
505
479
437

$356
242
391
365
419
415
394
298

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

433
257
477
411
510
519
495
380

494
340
501
471
516
519
498
455

493
332
500
466
514
520
500
452

406
247
456
395
506
519
490
341

449
261
487
420
517
549
508
394

506
329
514
479
529
546
513
494

505
325
513
477
528
548
515
483

416
253
471
405
511
550
502
361

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 65 years
65 years and over

303
226
321
316
336
324
308
260

388
286
395
383
423
397
363
341

385
283
393
379
419
397
371
342

288
222
306
306
315
306
291
241

315
235
335
326
353
339
317
279

403
281
411
400
436
414
387
366

399
280
409
396
431
414
384
369

300
232
317
316
329
316
300
254

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

383
450
307

477
501
394

474
500
392

355
419
293

394
465
318

488
513
410

484
512
406

368
432
305

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

301
326
275

399
423
357

395
420
355

268
288
251

314
347
288

417
458
374

413
455
369

279
298
263

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over

284
306
251

395
418
311

392
417
311

261
276
239

290
307
260

400
431
328

397
430
325

270
283
249

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

SEX AND AGE

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

Men
Women

1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers.




Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated
although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers. Detail for
the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because
data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

227

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
62. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation
1988

1987

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

$522
530
518

$521
530
519

$519
532
516

$523
530
520

$552
547
555

$559
578
554

$550
578
543

$552
543
561

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

332
429
376
308

413
495
389
409

407
492
391
401

319
420
374
294

347
448
385
318

424
492
407
417

417
494
405
408

333
437
383
306

Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service

234
414
213

375
508
306

370
505
303

209
318
200

245
417
221

389
514
312

384
513
308

218
314
209

Precision production, craft and repair

419

521

517

378

430

536

531

388

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

308
295
382
277

420
397
493
398

416
393
489
395

268
258
320
239

313
302
389
277

436
416
505
404

429
412
500
399

273
265
329
238

Farming, forestry, and fishing

217

373

369

210

229

358

357

222

219
362
514
397

$458
532
594

$452
528
585

217
339
506
351

230
375
525
405

$474
528
603

$468
523
598

226
353
526
359

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

389
413
344

426
448
399

424
447
396

370
398
322

402
426
359

443
464
407

440
461
405

385
412
341

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities

482
441
515

519
522
516

516
520
512

432
383
520

489
454
518

530
546
517

525
543
513

446
394
525

Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

292
393
262

397
437
373

394
436
367

285
386
255

301
397
273

405
445
386

401
448
381

294
391
266

373
327
424

363
375
475

369
375
470

373
322
388

391
340
444

390
389
489

384
388
485

391
335
397

Occupation and industry

OCCUPATION

INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers

1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

228




3

0

Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time workers.
Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated
although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES

63. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Industry

1986

Total.

97,519

99,525

102,310

106,037

Total private.

81,125

82,832

85,295

88,648

24,859

24,558

24,784

25,564

927
582.9

111
450.5

721
405.2

733
417.1

Construction
General building contractors.

4,673
1,252.5

4,816
1,290.8

4,998
1,326.2

5,292
1,395.9

Manufacturing

19,260

18,965

19,085

19,540

11,490

11,230

11,218

11,518

697.3
493.5
588.1
808.0
302.6
1,465.3
2,174.3
2,197.2
1,979.6
883.5
720.1
367.0

710.3
498.2
585.1
751.7
273.5
1,423.3
2,052.8
2,116.3
2,025.1
872.4
706.2
361.3

739.6
518.2
582.2
749.4
269.4
1,407.4
2,023.4
2,084.1
2,048.2
864.8
696.3
369.6

758.3
537.6
587.0
782.1
280.9
1,455.1
2,138.2
2,121.0
2,042.2
849.9
712.9
382.9

7,770

7,734

7,847

8,022

1,602.5
63.9
702.3
1,121.3
677.7
1,427.8
1,044.1
179.3
785.6
165.0

1,609.3
58.6
703.2
1,100.8
673.7
1,458.5
1,021.8
168.8
790.3
149.1

1,623.9
54.3
724.5
1,099.9
679.0
1,507.2
1,025.6
165.3
823.1
143.7

1,645.6
52.8
725.9
1,096.5
689.1
1,564.5
1,062.9
166.8
872.4
145.9

72,660

74,967

77,525

80,473

Transportation and public utilities.
Transportation
Communication and public utilities ..

5,238
3,003
2,235

5,255
3,058
2,197

5,385
3,166
2,218

5,581
3,334
2,248

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .

5,717
3,388
2,329

5,753
3,383
2,370

5,872
3,449
2,423

6,156
3,667
2,489

17,356
2,323.8
2,775.4
1,890.0
5,709.2

17,930
2,365.7
2,898.9
1,943.6
5,916.2

18,509
2,432.4
2,957.4
2,004.1
6,127.4

19,205
2,540.2
3,088.4
2,078.7
6,360.0

5,955
2,977
1,833
1,146

6,283
3,149
1,939
1,195

6,549
3,275
2,022
1,252

6,678
3,305
2,074
1,299

22,000
4,457.1
6,298.7

23,053
4,799.2
6,535.7

24,196
5,171.8
6,827.8

25,463
5,477.4
7,228.3

16,394
2,875
3,832
9,687

16,693
2,899
3,893
9,901

17,015
2,943
3,963
10,109

17,389
2,971
4,052
10,366

Goods-producing .
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services
Government.
Federal
State
Local
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are
currently projected from March 1987 benchmark




1987

1988P

1985

levels.
When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987
forward are subject to revision.

229




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
64. Production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by
major Industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
1985

1986

1987

1988P

65,586

67,018

69,039

71,684

17,409

17,197

17,412

18,000

658

545

515

529

3,659

3,775

3,902

4,131

13,092

12,877

12,995

13,339

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,644
583.8
394.1
450.7
611.5
231.5
1,083.7
1,306.8
1,300.3
1,257.0
684.8
391.4
264.4

7,426
597.0
398.0
450.3
565.5
208.8
1,051.8
1,221.2
1,226.5
1,271.8
670.7
382.4
262.0

7,453
618.6
414.8
450.4
564.4
203.7
1,044.0
1,198.8
1,222.4
1,291.1
672.3
378.6

269.5

393.7
279.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,449
1,118.1
48.0
606.5
944.7
512.1
788.9
577.8
108.5
607.4
136.7

5,450
1,131.2
44.2
608.4
926.9
511.0
817.1
568.0
105.9
614.6
122.8

5,543
1,149.1
41.0
628.8
924.3
515.7
842.1
575.7
107.6
638.6
120.0

5,661
1,166.2
39.5
629.7
922.9
521.6
875.6
597.6
108.4
679.2
120.6

48,177

49,822

51,628

53,685

Transportation and public utilities

4,339

4,345

4,464

4,632

Wholesale trade

4,598

4,615

4,704

4,956

15,457

15,969

16,454

17,017

4,415

4,645

4,807

4,842

19,368

20,248

21,198

22,238

Industry

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining
and manufacturing; construction workers in
construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.

230

p

7,678

632.0
429.5
456.8
598.4
217.4
1,084.4
1,278.7
1,250.2
1,275.5
662.4

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are
currently projected from March 1987 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987
forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
65. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Industry
1

Average weekly earnings
P

1986

1987

34.8

$8.57

$8.76

$8.98

$9.29

$299.09 $304.85 $312.50 $323.29

42.4

42.2

11.98

12.46

12.52

12.68

519.93

525.81

530.85

535.10

37.4

37.8

37.9

12.32

12.48

12.69

12.97

464.46

466.75

479.68

491.56

40.5
3.3

40.7
3.4

41.0
3.7

41.1
3.9

9.54
(2)

9.73
(2)

9.91
(2)

10.17
(2)

386.37
(2)

396.01
(2)

406.31
(2)

417.99
(2)

41.2
3.5

41.3
3.5

41.5
3.8

41.8
4.1

39.9
39.4
41.9
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.5
40.6
42.6
43.5
41.0
39.4

40.3
39.8
42.2
41.9
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.0
42.3
42.6
41.0
39.6

40.6
40.0
42.3
43.1
43.4
41.5
42.2
40.9
42.0
42.2
41.4
39.4

40.3
39.4
42.3
43.6
44.0
41.8
42.6
41.0
42.8
43.6
41.6
39.2

$8.22
7.17
9.84
11.67
13.33
9.70
10.29
9.46
12.71
13.39
9.17
7.30

$8.34
7.46
10.04
11.86
13.73
9.88
10.57
9.65
12.81
13.45
9.47
7.55

$8.40
7.67
10.25
11.94
13.78
10.00
10.70
9.88
12.95
13.55
9.71
7.75

$8.60
7.92
10.47
12.15
13.97
10.24
10.97
10.13
13.37
14.08
9.94
7.98

$327.98
282.50
412.30
484.31
547.86
400.61
427.04
384.08
541.45
582.47
375.97
287.62

$336.10
296.91
423.69
496.93
572.54
408.04
439.71
395.65
541.86
572.97
388.27
298.98

$341.04
306.80
433.58
514.61
598.05
415.00
451.54
404.09
543.90
571.81
401.99
305.35

$346.58
312.05
442.88
529.74
614.68
428.03
467.32
415.33
572.24
613.89
413.50
312.82

39.6
3.1

39.9
3.3

40.2
3.6

40.2
3.7

8.71

8.95

9.18

9.42

344.92

357.11

369.04

378.68

40.0
37.2
39.7
36.4
43.1
37.8
41.9
43.0
41.1
37.2

40.0
37.4
41.1
36.7
43.2
38.0
41.9
43.8
41.3
36.9

40.2
39.0
41.8
37.0
43.4
38.0
42.3
44.0
41.6
38.2

40.4
39.7
41.1
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3
44.3
41.6
37.5

$8.57
11.96
6.70
5.73
10.83
9.71
11.56
14.06
8.54

$8.75
12.88
6.93
5.84
11.18
9.99
11.98
14.19
8.73

$8.94
14.03
7.17
5.93
11.43
10.28
12.37
14.59
8.91

$9.11
14.58
7.37
6.10
11.64
10.53
12.68
15.04
9.11

$342.80
444.91
265.99
208.57
466.77
367.04
484.36
604.58
350.99

$350.00
481.71
284.82
214.33
482.98
379.62
501.96
621.52
360.55

$359.39
547.17
299.71
219.41
496.06
390.64
523.25
641.96
370.66

$368.04
578.83
302.91
225.09
502.85
400.14
536.36
666.27
378.98

5.83

5.92

6.08

6.27

216.88

218.45

232.26

235.13

Transportation and public utilities

39.5

39.2

39.2

39.3

11.40

11.70

12.03

12.33

450.30

458.64

471.58

484.57

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.3

38.1

38.1
9.16

9.35

9.59

9.92

351.74

358.11

365.38

377.95

Retail trade

29.4

29.2

29.2

29.1
5.94

6.03

6.11

6.30

174.64

176.08

178.41

183.33

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.4

36.4

36.3

36.0
7.94

8.36

8.73

9.09

289.02

304.30

316.90

327.24

Services

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.6
7.90

8.18

8.48

8.90

256.75

265.85

275.60

290.14

1986

1987

34.9

34.8

34.8

Mining

43.4

42.2

Construction

37.7

Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Data relate to production
workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.




1988

1988

$10.10 $10.29 $10.43 $10.70

1985

1986

1987

1988P

1985

1985

$416.12 $424.98 $432.85 $447.26

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

231

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
233

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

234




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by tlie unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who




were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
235

specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) a±e
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
236




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons workiiig without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question "How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

237

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MS A definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 7980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
238




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
239

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (sic), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo240




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Households visited but
not eligible

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




241

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
242




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys,'' by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
243

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers). .
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present...
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical . .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

244




Standard error of—

.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 . . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white

Black

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74

Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_

12
16
32
35
-

Total or
white men
oniy, or
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
_

Black men
only, or
women only

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

245

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50.,
100.
500...
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 .
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
1

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
_

14
20
45
63
89
124
150
_
_
_
_

_
-

_
-

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_
_
_
_
-

_

Black, 16 to
19 years

Total or white

Black

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_
_
-

14
20
38
41
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

14
19
37
39
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.

2

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

//Stand-\

2

I ard I

f 1 error / +

\

x/

/stand-\

2

I ard J
\ error

\

J-2(P)

y/

fStand-\ /stand- >
ard i f
ard
error I I error
x

/

Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

\

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

246




+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30) (216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 ,
140,000 .

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

2.28
1.61

3.20
2.26
1.01

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29

.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90

.64
.45

.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11

.07
.05
.05
.04

.72
.51

.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

.26
.20
.19
.17

30

35

50

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20

.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.21

.32
.25
.23
.21

30

35

50

.22

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79

.56

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

2.53
1.79

3.57
2.52
1.13

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86

.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05

.05

.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07

.07

.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

.87
.71
.55
.38
.21

.66
.46
.24

.15

.17

.14

.15

20

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

25

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22

.82
.56
.28
-

.88
.60

.93
.62
-

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

•

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

1 or 99
2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

30 or 70

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

3.29
2.33
1.04

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33

.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05

10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14

10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20

.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19

.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

.98
.76
.54
.38
.31

.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

.18
.17

25 or 75

.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65

50

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02

11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07

.79
.56
.40
.32

.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




247

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only. . . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.

248




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Men

Total

Women

Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . . .
1,000.
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

'

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
_

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
-

249

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
250




Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

ent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. Atall higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.

251

(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (sic 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
252




Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

253

from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as " sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is

in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size ancI coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19871

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1987
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government .
1

Less than 0.05 percent.

254




Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

100,427

100,462

(1)

696
4,531
18,810

718
4,599
18,897

-3.2
-1.5
-.5

5,274
5,763
17,902

5,275
5,725
17,737

(1)
.7
.9

6,443
23,754
17,254

6,478
23,723
17,310

-.5
.1
-.3

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services....
Government:
Federal
State .
Local.

Number
of establishments
in sample

Employees
Number
reported

Percent of
total

246,256 37,530,000

37

3,434
22,567
49,214
11,820
21,802
44,982

265,000
808,000
9,522,000
2,377,000
956,000
3,509,000

38
18
51
45
17
20

17,699
54,782

2,140,000
5,495,000

33
23

(2)
4,795
15,161

2,916,000
3,298,000
6,244,000

100
81
61

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 4,600 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
hours
ment1

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
1

error2
Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

. .

.2
2.9
1.4
.8
.9
.8
.3
.8
.9
.3
.2
.5

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1983-87 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

> / (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

255

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—

Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry

Monthly
level

Total .

89,600

89,100

Total private .

62,700

60,000

Goods-producing industries.

22,400

20,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,700
4,000

4,400
3,400

Construction
General building contractors.

14,800
5,000

15,700
5,200

Manufacturing .

19,200

19,300

14,400
2,300
1,700
1,600
4,700

12,700
2,100
1,700
1,600
4,700

3,600
2,500
6,000
5,100
8,100
7,000
2,000
1,900

3,400
2,300
7,300
5,100
7,400
7,000
2,200
1,800

8,900
5,600
1,600
1,800

8,500
5,700
1,500
1,700

4,700
1,600
2,200

4,100
1,400
2,100

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,700
1,200

2,900
1,100

1,600
1,800

1,700
1,700

86,300

85,700

15,500
17,800

13,900
17,300

6,800

6,400

9,400
6,100
5,400

8,200
5,500
4,600

40,700
23,900
6,900

36,100
21,400
6,200

3,300
10,900

3,200
10,300

8,400
4,000
3,800
4,800

7,500
3,900
3,100
3,800

Services
Business services.
Health services.

34,700
11,000
10,300

31,700
10,500
10,100

Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .

62,800
16,900
22,600
34,900

54,500
11,700
20,600
32,400

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1982 through December 1987.

25$

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonflnancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonflnancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are




published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
257

North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be
used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State ui laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible)i and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by UI is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force

258




is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of
the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the Ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for "moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-l 1
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.




All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-ll ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1988 and projected
data through March 1989. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPl-w), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
259

or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-

260




ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1988. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.
-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711
-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,
500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001
-Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive,
Tallahassee 32301
-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, Honolulu 96813
-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735
-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114
-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240
-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216
-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Offige Building,
Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311
-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121
-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
-Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602