Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 1986

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
In this issue:
1985 annual averages
Revised seasonally adjusted labor force series
Data on union affiliation




January 1986

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Calendar of Features

William E. Brock, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the Division of Data Development and Users' Services and
the Division of Monthly Industry Employment
Statistics in collaboration with the Division of
Special Publications. The data are collected by the
Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce)
and State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of
the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The Stale agencies are listed on the
inside back cover.

In addition to the monthly data appearing
regularly in Employment and Earnings

special features appear in most of the
issues as shown below:
Household data

Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted
data, persons not in labor force, persons
of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, family relationship data,
weekly earnings data

Employment and Earnings may be ordered through

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ISSN 0013-6840




Jan., Feb.

Jan., Apr.,
July, Oct.

Establishment data

National annual averages:

Communications on material in this publication
should be addressed to: Editors, Employment and
Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington,
D.C. 20212, or phone: Gloria P. Green (202)
523-1821. Send correspondence on circulation and
subscription matters (including address changes) to
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The Secretary of Labor has determined that publication of this periodical is necessary in the transaction
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Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. and
at additional mailing addresses.

Jan.
Jan.

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal factors

June1

Revised historical national data

Supplement2

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1
2

May

Issue varies. Latest revised data introduced June 1985.
Month of publication varies. The latest supplement was published in June 1985.

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 33 No. 1 January 1986
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Editors' note

It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment factors
for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household
survey) to incorporate the experience in the most recent year. As a result of the recalculation of seasonal
adjustment factors, seasonally adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision. The data in tables
A-l, 2, 3, and 31-52 have been revised to reflect the updated seasonal adjustment factors. Revised monthly data covering the 1981-85 revision period for a broader range of labor force series will appear in next
month's issue.
The seasonal adjustment methodology is described in the article beginning on page 9 in this issue. The
article also gives the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian labor force and
other major series for January-June 1986.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1985
Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series

2
7
9

Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
State and area labor force data

15
59
80
115
146

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Annual averages
Explanatory notes




42
49
92
135
143
152
220

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1974 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951, to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by
school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Full-and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

12
13
14
15
18
19
20
22
23
24

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

25
26
27
28
29
29
30
31
32
32

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class pf worker and full- or part-time
status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status

33
34
35
36
37
37
38
38
39
40
41

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.




Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted...
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

42
43
44
45
46
46
47
47
48
48

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-42.
A-43.
A-44.
A-45.
A-46.
A-47.
A-48.
A-49.
A-50.
A-51.
A-52.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and Hispanic origin,
seasonally adjusted
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

49
50
51
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-53.
A-54.
A-55.
A-56.
A-57.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex,
age, race, and Hispanic origin
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to
seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race

58
59
60
61
62

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
A-58.
A-59.
A-60.
A-61.
A-62.
A-63.
A-64.
A-65.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ,
Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and
economic categories
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

63
64
65
66
67
67
68
68

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-66.
A-67.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin .

69
69

Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data
A-68.
A-69.
A-70.
A-71.
A-72.
A-73.
A-74.
A-75.




Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of additional
employed family members
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin ..
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median
weekly earnings
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex

70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1934 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted

79
80
91
92
93
94
95

Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

96

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

115
118
134
134
135
136
137

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas

138

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

143
144
145

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

146

ANNUAL AVERAGES-HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Employment Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1952 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

152
153
154
157
158
159
161
162

Characteristics of the Unemployed
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

163
164
165
166
167
167
168
169
170
171

Characteristics of the Employed
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry, sex, and occupation
..
Employed civilians by industry, race, and occupation
Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
...
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status ..
..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or
part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status .

172
173
174
175
180
181
182
183
184
185
189
189
190
190
191
192

Persons Not in the Labor Force
35.
36.
37.
38.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race,
and Hispanic origin
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race

193
194
195
196

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
39.
40.
41.




Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and
Hispanic origin
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin .

197
198
199

ANNUAL AVERAGES—HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Race and Hispanic Origin Data—Continued

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social
and economic categories
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

200
201
201
202
202

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data

47.
48.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age,
race, and Hispanic origin

203
204

Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data

49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of additional
employed family members
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and
Hispanic origin
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median
weekly earnings
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex

205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212

Union-nonunion Membership Data

57.
58.
59.
60.

Employed wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, full-and part-time
status, and union affiliation
Employed wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, sex, race,
Hispanic origin, and union affiliation
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, industry,
and union affiliation

213
214
215
216

ANNUAL AVERAGES—ESTABLISHMENT DATA




Employment—National

61.
62.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group

217
218

Hours and Earnings—National

63.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

219

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1985

Employment rose in December and unemployment
was little changed. The overall unemployment rate was
6.8 percent, and the rate for civilian workers was 6.9
percent. While little different from November, both
rates were below those which had prevailed throughout
most of 1985.
The number of nonagricultural wage and salary
jobs—as measured by the monthly survey of
establishments—rose by 320,000 in December to 99.1
million. Civilian employment—as measured by the
monthly survey of households—edged up by 240,000 to
108.2 million. Although both surveys showed substantial job growth in 1985, gains were less than were
recorded in the prior 2 years.
Unemployment

The December unemployment level (8.0 million) and
the civilian worker unemployment rate (6.9 percent)
were little different from their November levels, after
seasonal adjustment. Both figures, however, were below
those prevailing throughout most of 1985. Jobless rates
for most worker groups were about unchanged in
December, including those for adult men (5.9 percent),
adult women (6.2 percent), teenagers (18.8 percent),
whites (5.9 percent), blacks (14.9 percent), and
Hispanics (10.4 percent). During the course of 1985,
jobless rates for adult men, adult women, and whites
declined, whereas rates for teenagers, blacks, and
Hispanics have shown no improvement. (See tables
A-33 and A-34.)
Both measures of average duration of unemployment
have changed little in recent months. Median duration
remained at 6.9 weeks in December, while mean duration was 15.4 weeks. These measures have declined from
late 1984 levels. The number of job losers was about unchanged over the month but was somewhat below yearearlier levels. (See tables A-40 and A-41.)
Civilian employment and the labor force

Civilian employment edged up to a level of 108.2
million in December. Over the year, the number of
jobholders rose by 2 million, with adult women accounting for 70 percent of the gain. The proportion of the
civilian population with jobs—the employmentpopulation ratio—reached a record high of 60.4 percent
in December. Among occupational groups, the largest




gains during the year occurred in managerial and professional, administrative support, and service jobs.
The civilian labor force, at 116.2 million in
December, was little changed over the month. Over the
year, the labor force rose by 1.8 million, with adult
women accounting for an even larger share of the labor
force growth (80 percent) than of employment.
Discouraged workers

At 1.2 million in the fourth quarter, the number of
discouraged workers—persons who report that they
want a job but are not looking for one because they
believe their search would be futile—was about the same
as the levels in the first 3 quarters of the year. Despite an
over-the-year decline in the number of blacks reporting
discouragement over job prospects, they continued to
represent a disproportionate share of discouraged
workers—about 1 in 3, or three times their share of the
labor force. (See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment

The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls
increased by 320,000 in December to 99.1 million, after
seasonal adjustment. Job gains were widespread, as the
BLS diffusion index registered 65 percent. The payroll
total was 3.0 million above the year-earlier level. (See
tables B-4 and B-7.)
Continuing the pattern of recent growth, the bulk of
the December employment expansion occurred in the
service-producing sector, which increased by 260,000.
The over-the-month expansion was once again paced by
services, which rose by 115,000, with most of this gain
taking place in business and health services. Elsewhere
in the sector, there were modest increases in wholesale
trade and finance, insurance and real estate. In retail
trade, seasonal hirings in general merchandise stores
were below the expected holiday levels, but there was
growth in eating and drinking places, so that the overall
job count in the industry was about unchanged in
December, after seasonal adjustment.
In the goods-producing sector, employment increased
by 60,000. In contrast to nearly continuous job losses
between January and September, manufacturing
employment edged up for the third month in a row. The
December gain of 45,000 reflected small but widespread
increases throughout both the durable and nondurable

goods industries. Manufacturing job growth since
September totaled 140,000. Construction employment
was little changed for the second straight month,
following serveral months of substantial growth. The
number of construction jobs was up 290,000 over the
year. Mining employment was about unchanged in
December.

Hourly and weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings rose 0.9 percent in
December, and weekly earnings were up 1.2 percent,
seasonally adjusted. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings increased 5 cents to $8.73, while
weekly earnings were up $6.11 to $309.04. Over the past
year, hourly earnings have risen 27 cents and weekly
earnings $8.71. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

Weekly hours

The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged up in December to 35.1 hours, after seasonal adjustment. Weekly hours in manufacturing rose 0.3 hour to
41.0 hours, a very high level, and factory overtime rose
0.2 hour to 3.6 hours. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonagricultural payrolls
rose 0.7 percent to 118.3 (1977 = 100), after seasonal adjustment. Reflecting advances in both weekly hours and
the level of employment, the manufacturing index increased by 1.3 percent to 95.2. Since September, the
manufacturing index has increased 2 percent. (See table C-6.)




The Hourly Earnings Index

The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 168.4
(1977 = 100) in December, seasonally adjusted, an
increase of 0.8 percent from November. For the 12
months ended in December, the increase was 3.1 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of
changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime
and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.5 percent
during the 12-month period ended in November. (See
table C-7.)

Improved Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 1986, two technical changes will be introduced in the population estimates used as controls for the household
survey. One will reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants, largely Hispanic, since 1980. This change will be offset
somewhat by an improved estimate of emigration from the United States for
the same time period. The net effect of these adjustments will be to increase
the working age population by roughly 300,000. For the population as a
whole, this should have little effect on the data. Because the adjustment for
the Hispanic-origin population will be much larger, BLS will revise the data to
the extent possible back to 1980.

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on
the following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

January

February 7

April

May 2

February

March 7

May

June 6

March

April 4

June

July 3

Revision of Seasonally
Adjusted Labor Force Series

•Robert J. Mclntire
As pointed out in the explanatory note on seasonal
adjustment published at the back of each issue of
Employment and Earnings, the purpose of seasonal adjustment is to eliminate from economic time series the
influence of seasonal events such as weather, holidays,
opening and closing of schools, etc., to make it easier to
observe and analyze the cyclical and other nonseasonal
movements in the series. The seasonality which the adjustment process endeavors to eliminate is measured by
seasonal factors. The seasonal factors used for current
adjustment are estimates of how much the original
unadjusted values can be expected to deviate from
underlying trend-cycle levels due to annually recurring
behavior as projected from average seasonal patterns in
the recent past. However, even though seasonality involves regularly recurring patterns, it does tend to
change over time, creating a need for periodic reestimation of factors and revision of recently adjusted
estimates. By including more recent data in the estimation process, the revision process can provide better
estimates of how much the original, unadjusted
estimates actually deviated from underlying trend-cycle
levels during the recent period, thereby improving the
historical seasonally adjusted data for that period. In
addition, the new information is incorporated to produce the new projected factors to be used for current
seasonal adjustment.
Therefore, at the end of each calendar year, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics reestimates the seasonality of
the unemployment, employment, and other labor force
series derived from the Current Population Survey by
including another full year of data in the estimation process. Based on this annual reestimation, BLS issues the
projected factors for the first 6 months of the new year
as well as revised estimates of historical seasonally adjusted data for the last 5 years. Each year's data are
generally subject to five revision cycles before the values
are considered final. The fifth and final revisions in the
earliest of the 5 years are usually quite small, while the
first-time revisions in the most recent year are generally
much more substantial, although even these rarely alter
the essential trends observed in the initial major
estimates. (The national unemployment rate to one
decimal place was revised in only 1 month of 1985 by the
current revision.) An important consideration in the
* Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Data Services
Group in the Division of Data Development and Users' Services, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.




selection of the methodology for seasonal adjustment
has been keeping these revisions as small as possible,
because current analysis and policymaking must utilize
the initial estimates.
This year's revisions incorporate data through
December 1985 and provide revised estimates for
January 1981 through December 1985. Several months
of revised data for many of the major seasonally adjusted labor force series have already been published in
the news release on the December 1985 employment
situation, issued January 8 (USDL 86-001). This issue of
Employment and Earnings contains revised data for the
last 13 months and quarters for most seasonally adjusted labor force series (including those that appeared
in the release). Next month's issue will provide the complete 1981-85 revisions for a few hundred of the
seasonally adjusted monthly labor force series most in
demand. These revisions replace the data published in
the February 1985 issue for 1981-84 and the seasonally
adjusted estimates for 1985 published during the past
year. Seasonally adjusted data for 1980 and earlier years
were not revised. Table 1 of this article contains the new
projected seasonal factors that are to be applied during
the first 6 months of 1986 to the 12 component series used
in the computation of the seasonally adjusted civilian
labor force and unemployment rate (see the section on
aggregation procedures later in this article). Projected
factors for the last 6 months of 1986 will be estimated in
early July, based on data through June 1986, and will be
published in the July issue of this publication.
Adjustment methods and procedures

The official seasonal adjustment procedure for the
labor force series is the X-ll ARIMA program, which
was developed at Statistics Canada during the 1970's as
an extension of and improvement to the widely used
X-ll method developed at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the 1960's.1 The X-ll ARIMA method improves
current estimates for most series by allowing recent
1
The primary documentation for the X-l 1 ARIMA procedure is in The
X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum
(Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564 E, January 1983). (ARIMA is
an acronym for Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average.) The X-l 1
method is described in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II
Seasonal Adjustment Program, by Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and
John Musgrave (Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census, 1967).

Table 1. Current seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major civilian labor force components, January-June 1986
Procedure and series

January

February

March

April

May

June

Multiplicative Adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years

.902
.803
.584
.474

.897
.832
.609
.518

.903
.885
.706
.660

.979
.961
.925
.780

1.044
1.077
1.177
.931

1.092
1.202
1.545
1.692

Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

.985
.996

.985
1.000

.991
1.005

.994
1.003

1.000
1.000

1.006
.991

Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

1.166
1.046

1.148
1.008

1.097
.986

1.035
.945

.947
.967

.960
.999

-293
-216

-365
--252

-265
-221

-189
-204

- 70
-186

488
298

7
-82

4
-78

-18
-59

-104
-81

-88
1

229
258

Additive Adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Unemployment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years

observations, especially the last 6 months, to weigh
more heavily in the estimates of current and recent
seasonal factors than did the X-ll alone. The method
provides this improvement through the use of ARIMA
models to extend the data series by 12 months. The X-ll
algorithm for seasonal adjustment is then applied to the
extended series.
ARIMA projections are based only on the past experience observed in a series itself, ARIMA models have
proved to have good properties for short-term projection or extrapolation of a large class of time series,
especially in a seasonal adjustment context, since the extrapolations tend to track intra-year movements quite
well. The ARIMA models in the X-ll ARIMA program used to seasonally adjust the labor force series are of the
Box-Jenkins type.2 They can generally be described with
the notation:
(P,d,q) (P,D,Q) TRANSFORMATION,
Where:
(1) p is the number of regular (nonseasonal)
autoregressive parameters
(2) d is the number of regular differences
(3) q is the number of regular moving average
parameters
(4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive
parameters
2
For a more detailed discussion of ARIMA models, refer to previously cited Dagum (1983) and to: Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M., Time
Series Analysis Forecasting and Control (San Francisco, Holden Day,
1970); and Granger, C.W.J. and Newbold, P., Forecasting Economic
Time Series (New York, Academic Press, 1977).

10




(5) D is the number of seasonal differences
(6) Q is the number of seasonal moving average
parameters
(7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE,LOG,
or POWER(n).
While the lettered elements within the parentheses of
the model specifications can theoretically take on many
values, in practice only small values are useful.
For each labor force series which has been extended
based on an ARIMA model, the model has been
specifically chosen as well suited to the particular series,
based on a set of established criteria. The criteria essentially require a model to: (1) fit the series well, (2) have
low average forecasting errors in the last 3 years prior to
the projected year, and (3) produce residuals (the differences between the observed values and the values
forecast by the model for the observed period) which
follow a random pattern. Acceptable ARIMA models
have been identified and were used for 155 of the 195
labor force series which were directly adjusted at the end
of 1985, including all 12 major civilian labor force components, whose ARIMA models are shown in table 2. The
models for three of those major components—agricultural
employment for men 20 years and over and for women
16 to 19 and unemployment for women 20 years and
over—are different from those used last year. The 40
series for which acceptable models have not been identified were simply run through the X-ll part of the program without any ARIMA extrapolations.
The procedures used for adjusting the labor force
series within the X-ll part of the process were the same

Table 2. ARIMA models for the 12 major civilian labor force
components, 1986
Model

Transformation

Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over. .
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years . .
Women, 16 to 19 years

(1,0,0) (0,1,1)
(0,1,2) (0,1,1)
(0,1,2) (0,1,1)
(2,1,2) (0,1,1)

LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE

Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over . .
Women, 20 years and over .
Men, 16 to 19 years . .
Women, 16 to 19 years .

(0,1,1X0,1,1)
(0,1,1X0,1,1)
(0,1,1X0,1,1)
(0,1,1X0,1,1)

LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE

(2,1,2) (0,1,1)
(0,1.1X0,1.1)

NONE
LOG
NONE
NONE

Series

Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years

(o.i.ixo.i.i)

(0,1,4) (0,1,1)

as those followed last year. In keeping with the minor
change introduced 2 years ago, a 10-year time period,
including data from January 1975 through December
1985, was used for the adjustment of all the labor force
series.
The X-ll method of seasonal adjustment contained
in the X-ll ARIMA procedure assumes that the original
series, including the 12 extrapolated observations if an
ARIMA model has been applied, is either the product or
the sum of three components— trend-cycle, seasonal,
and irregular. The method uses either a ratio-to- or
difference-from-moving-average approach to estimate
the components, depending on whether the
multiplicative or additive model is used. The seasonally
adjusted series values are computed by dividing each
month's original value by the corresponding seasonal
factor if the multiplicative model is used, or by subtracting the factor if the additive model is used. Of the 12
major civilian labor force components, the four teenage
unemployment and nonagricultural employment series
were adjusted using the additive model, and the other
eight series were adjusted with the multiplicative model.
Of all the 195 directly adjusted series, 37 were adjusted
with the additive model, primarily those involving
teenage employment and unemployment, for which the
seasonal component seems to be fairly independent of
the trend-cycle.

the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of unemployment for the four age-sex groups—men and women 16
to 19, and men and women 20 years and over. Seasonally adjusted civilian employment is the sum of the
seasonally adjusted levels of employment for the eight
employment components—the same four age-sex
groups as noted above employed, respectively, in
nonagricultural and agricultural industries. The
seasonally adjusted civilian labor force is the sum of all
12 components. The seasonally adjusted civilian
unemployment rate is calculated by taking the total
seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of
the total seasonally adjusted civilian labor force. For the
overall labor force, the resident Armed Forces level is
added to the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force,
and the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate
is, of course, calculated by taking total seasonally adjusted unemployment as a percent of that labor force
figure.
The principal reason for producing many of the major seasonally adjusted estimates for the labor force by
aggregation rather than by direct adjustment is that this
approach ensures that the major seasonally adjusted
totals will be consistent (additively) with at least one major set of components. If the totals were directly adjusted along with the components, such consistency
would not, in all likelihood, occur, since the X-l 1 is not
a sum-preserving procedure; that is, the sum of the
result for two or more directly adjusted series will not
generally be the same as the result of directly adjusting
the sum of the unadjusted versions of the same series.
The various components tend to have significantly different patterns of seasonal variation; for example,
teenage unemployment tends to peak in June, while
unemployment of adult men tends to peak in the winter
months of January and February. It is necessary to
directly adjust the components in order to properly
estimate these varying seasonal patterns. Of course, one
of the implications of producing seasonally adjusted
estimates for many major series by aggregation is that
exact factors cannot be projected for those series.
However, implicit seasonal factors can be calculated
after the fact by taking the ratio of the unadjusted aggregate to the seasonally adjusted aggregate, or, for additive implicit factors, the difference between those two
aggregates.

Aggregation procedures

BLS maintains and publishes several hundred
seasonally adjusted labor force series in addition to the
195 directly adjusted series discussed above. The additional series are produced by arithmetically combining
or aggregating the directly adjusted series with each
other or, in some cases, with series on population or
resident Armed Forces levels, which are not seasonally
adjusted because they are not considered to have any
significant seasonal variation. For example, the
seasonally adjusted levels of total unemployment,
civilian employment, and civilian labor force, and the
seasonally adjusted civilian unemployment rate are all
produced by aggregation of the seasonally adjusted
results for the 12 major civilian labor force components.
The seasonally adjusted level of total unemployment is




Availability of revised series

As indicated above, much of the revised seasonally adjusted data is being published in this and next month's
issues of Employment and Earnings. Additional data
for any of the several hundred seasonally adjusted labor
force series, as well as the January-June 1986 factors for
any of the directly adjusted series beyond the 12 major
components, can be obtained from BLS upon request.
Requests for data or inquiries concerning the seasonal
adjustment methodology or the availability of machinereadable files of labor force data should be addressed to
the Division of Data Development and Users' Services,
Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212.
11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1952 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1952 ....
19531 ...
1954 ....
1955 ....
1956 ....
1957 ....
1958 ....
1959 ....

107,617
109,287
110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

64,524
65,246
65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
59.7
59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

62,636
63,410
62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,386
2,231
2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

2.9
2.8
5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601 ...
1961 ....
19621 ...
1963 ....
1964 ....
1965 ....
1966 ....
1967 ....
1968 ....
1969 ....

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ....
1971 ....
19721 ...
19731 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
19781 ..
1979 ...

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 ...
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985 ...

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
103,971

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744

101,685

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1984:
December

179,004

116,202

64.9

107,946

1,698

106,248

3,387

102,861

8,256

7.1

62,802

1985:
January ....
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December

179,081
179,219
179,368
179,501
179,649
179,798
179,967
180,131
180,304
180,470
180,642
180,810

116,451
116,685
117,036
116,958
117,044
116,726
116,976
117,069
117,522
117,814
117,832
117,927

65.0
65.1
65.2
65.2
65.2
64.9
65.0
65.0
65.2
65.3
65.2
65.2

108,012
108,290
108,652
108,574
108,644
108,303
108,575
108,936
109,251
109,513
109,671
109,904

1,697
1,703
1,701
1,702
1,705
1,702
1,704
1,726
1,732
1,700
1,702
1,698

106,315
106,587
106,951
106,872
106,939
106,601
106,871
107,210
107,519
107,813
107,969
108,206

3,319
3,325
3,314
3,353
3,284
3,140
3,120
3,095
3,017
3,058
3,070
3,151

102,996
103,262
103,637
103,519
103,655
103,461
103,751
104,115
104,502
104,755
104,899
105,055

8,439
8,395
8,384
8,384
8,400
8,423
8,401
8,133
8,271
8,301
8,161
8,023

7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
6.9
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.8

62,630
62,534
62,332
62,543
62,605
63,072
62,991
63,062
62,782
62,656
62,810
62,883

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.

12




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household survey data shown in tables A1,2,3 and 31-53 have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. Data for 1981-85 are subject to revision. See the article
in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1975 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN

1975
1977
19781
1979

73,891
75,341
76,756
78,107
79,509

57,899
58,756
59,959
61,151
62,215

78.4
78.0
78.1
78.3
78.2

53,457
54,720
56,291
58,010
59,096

1,600
1,582
1,563
1,531
1,489

51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607

2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686

49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921

4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120

7.7
6.9
6.1
5.1
5.0

15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058

1976

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1984:
December

65,821

61,238

1,550

59,688

2,752

56,936

4,583

61,163
61,207
61,381
61,373
61,498
61,175
61,273
61,510
61,629
61,656
61,731
61,793

1,549
1,554
1,553
1,553
1,556
1,552
1,554
1,574
1,580
1,551
1,552
1,549

59,614
59,653
59,828
59,820
59,942
59,623
59,719
59,936
60,049
60,105
60,179
60,244

2,678
2,665
2,627
2,650
2,636
2,520
2,479
2,475
2,413
2,402
2,435
2,506

56,936
56,988
57,201
57,170
57,306
57,103
57,240
57,461
57,636
57,703
57,744
57,738

4,574
4,575
4,517
4,556
4,514
4,633
4,611
4,435
4,445
4,571
4,445
4,346

7.0
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.7
6.6

19,892
19,910
19,866
19,898
19,886
20,162
20,168
20,187
20,143
20,066
20,198
20,320

19,786

1985:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

85,629
85,692
85,764
85,827
85,898
85,970
86,052
86,132
86,217
86,293
86,374
86,459

65,737
65,782
65,898
65,929
66,012
65,808
65,884
65,945
66,074
66,227
66,176
66,139

76.8
76.8
76.8
76.8
76.8
76.5
76.6
76.6
76.6
76.7
76.6
76.5

Annual averages
WOMEN

1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

80,938
82,476
83,932
85,434
86,951

37,553
39,069
40,705
42,731
44,343

46.4
47.4
48.5
50.0
51.0

34,067
35,701
37,381
39,669
41,325

78
86
92
100
108

33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217

584
588
612
669
661

33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556

3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018

9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409

124
133
139
143
146
150

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259

656
667
665
680
653
644

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1984:
December

93,397

50,381

53.9

46,708

148

46,560

635

45,925

3,673

7.3

43,016

1985:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

93,452
93,527
93,603
93,674
93,751
93,828
93,915
93,999
94,087
94,177
94,266
94,351

50,714
50,903
51,138
51,029
51,032
50,918
51,092
51,124
51,448
51,587
51,655
51,788

54.3
54.4
54.6
54.5
54.4
54.3
54.4
54.4
54.7
54.8
54.8
54.9

46,849
47,083
47,271
47,201
47,146
47,128
47,302
47,426
47,622
47,857
47,939
48,111

148
149
148
149
149
150
150
152
152
149
149
149

46,701
46,934
47,123
47,052
46,997
46,978
47,152
47,274
47,470
47,708
47,790
47,962

641
660
687
703
648
620
641
620
604
656
635
645

46,060
46,274
46,436
46,349
46,349
46,358
46,511
46,654
46,866
47,052
47,155
47,317

3,865
3,820
3,867
3,828
3,886
3,790
3,790
3,698
3,826
3,730
3,716
3,677

7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.2
7.2
7.1

42,738
42,624
42,465
42,645
42,719
42,910
42,823
42,875
42,639
42,590
42,611
42,563

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1952 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1952 ..
19531
1954..
1955..
1956..
1957..
1958..
1959..

105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

2.8
2.8
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

3.6
3.3
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601 ..
1961 ....
19621 ..
1963....
1964....
1965....
1966....
1967....
1968....
1969....

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970....
1971 ....
19721 ..
19731 ..
1974....
1975....
1976....
1977....
19781 ..
1979....

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150

7,637
8,273

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4

10,678
10,717

8,539
8,312

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1984:
December...

177,306

114,504

64.6

106,248

8,256

7.2

7.1

7.3

1985:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September..
October
November...
December...

177,384
177,516
177,667
177,799
177,944
178,096
178,263
178,405
178,572
178,770
178,940
179,112

114,754
114,982
115,335
115,256
115,339
115,024
115,272
115,343
115,790
116,114
116,130
116,229

64.7
64.8
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.6
64.7
64.7
64.8
65.0
64.9
64.9

106,315
106,587
106,951
106,872
106,939
106,601
106,871
107,210
107,519
107,813
107,969
108,206

8,439
8,395
8,384
8,384
8,400
8,423
8,401
8,133
8,271
8,301
8,161
8,023

7.4
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.9

7.1
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.7

7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.1

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

14




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1985. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

Decemb<3r 1985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

179,112
14,474
7,294
7,180
19,820
95,451
40,957
21,064
19,893
31,968
17,682
14,286
22,524
11,697
10,828
22,103
11,237
10,866
27,266
9,405
17,861

Unemployed
Percent
of
population

Employed

115,780
7,370
2,891
4,480
15,449
78,093
33,935
17,480
16,454
26,726
14,805
11,921
17,432
9,382
8,049
11,946
7,224
4,722
2,923
1,757
1,167

64.6
50.9
39.6
62.4
77.9
81.8
82.9
83.0
82.7
83.6
83.7
83.4
77.4
80.2
74.3
54.0
64.3
43.5
10.7
18.7
6.5

108,063
6,022
2,300
3,722
13,930
73,814
31,734
16,293
15,441
25,444
14,073
11,372
16,635
8,972
7,663
11,457
6,914
4,542
2,841
1,702
1,140

7,717
1,349
591
758
1,519
4,279
2,201
1,187
1,014
1,281
732
549
797
410
387
490
310
180
81
55
27

84,910
7,260
3,715
3,544
9,600
46,466
20,022
10,304
9,717
15,556
8,591
6,964
10,888
5,672
5,216
10,390
5,339
5,051
11,196
4,236
6,960

64,149
3,770
1,462
2,308
8,075
43,549
18,938
9,686
9,252
14,723
8,160
6,563
9,888
5,282
4,606
7,002
4,238
2,764
1,753
1,065
688

75.5
51.9
39.3
65.1
84.1
93.7
94.6
94.0
95.2
94.6
95.0
94.2
90.8
93.1
88.3
67.4
79.4
54.7
15.7
25.1
9.9

59,775
3,008
1,137
1,871
7,232
41,127
17,710
9,016
8,694
13,979
7,716
6,263
9,438
5,065
4,373
6,706
4,062
2,644
1,703
1,031
672

94,202
7,214
3,579
3,636
10,220
48,985
20,936
10,760
10,176
16,413
9,091
7,322
11,636
6,025
5,612
11,713
5,898
5,815
16,070
5,169
10,901

51,631
3,601
1,429
2,171
7,373
34,544
14,996
7,794
7,202
12,003
6,645
5,358
7,544
4,100
3,443
4,944
2,986
1,958
1,170
692
479

54.8
49.9
39.9
59.7
72.1
70.5
71.6
72.4
70.8
73.1
73.1
73.2
64.8
68.1
61.4
42.2
50.6
33.7
7.3
13.4
4.4

48,288
3,014
1,163
1,851
6,698
32,687
14,024
7,277
6,747
11,466
6,357
5,109
7,197
3,907
3,290
4,751
2,852
1,898
1,139
671
468

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total

Keeping
house

6.7
18.3
20.4
16.9
9.8
5.5
6.5
6.8
6.2
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.8
4.1
4.3
3.8
2.8
3.1
2.3

63,332
7,103
4,403
2,700
4,371
17,357
7,023
3,584
3,439
5,242
2,877
2,366
5,092
2,314
2,778
10,157
4,013
6,144
24,343
7,648
16,694

30,397
494
119
374
1,668
12,576
5,089
2,484
2,605
3,888
2,151
1,730
3,599
1,701
1,899
5,492
2,478
3,014
10,167
3,336
6,831

9,345
6,173
4,146
2,027
2,021
1,117
776
527
249
261
164
98
80
57
24
19
8
11
14
5
8

2,711
26
6
20
65
903
196
84
111
286
130
156
422
168
253
695
352
343
1,021
216
804

20,880
410
132
279
616
2,760
963
490
473
807
426
381
991
388
602
3,951
1,175
2,776
13,142
4,091
9,051

4,374
762
324
437
844
2,422
1,229
670
559
744
444
300
450
217
233
296
176
121
50
34
16

6.8
20.2
22.2
18.9
10.4
5.6
6.5
6.9
6.0
5.1
5.4
4.6
4.5
4.1
5.1
4.2
4.1
4.4
2.8
3.2
2.3

20,761
3,490
2,254
1,236
1,524
2,916
1,083
618
465
833
431
402
999
390
610
3,388
1,101
2,287
9,444
3,171
6,272

546
33
21
12
18
183
54
18
36
69
43
26
60
19
42
65
36
30
246
68
178

4,775
3,207
2,164
1,043
1,100
453
355
269
86
77
51
26
21
12
9
9
4
5
5
3
2

1,580
16
3
12
49
650
131
53
78
202
95
107
317
122
194
454
233
222
411
120
290

13,861
234
65
169
356
1,629
543
279
265
485
242
242
601
236
365
2,859
829
2,031
8,782
2,980
5,802

3,344
587
267
321
675
1,857
973
517
455
537
288
249
347
193
154
193
134
59
32
21
11

6.5
16.3
18.7
14.8
9.2
5.4
6.5
6.6
6.3
4.5
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.5
3.9
4.5
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.2

42,571
3,614
2,149
1,464
2,847
14,441
5,939
2,966
2,974
4,409
2,446
1,964
4,093
1,924
2,168
6,769
2,912
3,858
14,899
4,477
10,422

29,851
460
98
362
1,650
12,393
5,035
2,466
2,569
3,819
2,115
1,704
3,539
1,682
1,857
5,427
2,442
2,984
9,921
3,268
6,653

4,570
2,966
1,982
984
921
664
421
258
163
184
113
72
59
45
15
10
4
6
8
2
6

1,130
11
3
8
16
253
64
31
33
84
35
49
105
46
59
241
119
122
610
96
514

7,019
176
66
110
260
1,131
419
211
208
322
184
139
390
152
237
1,092
346
746
4,360
1,111
3,249

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian

Unemployed

noninsti"
tutional
population

Total

154,327
11,864
5,966
5,898
16,614
81,691
34,666
17,727
16,938
27,562
15,227
12,335
19,462
10,083
9,380
19,560
9,872
9,688
24,599
8,426
16,173

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

100,090
6,399
2,573
3,826
13,198
67,262
28,952
14,877
14,075
23,125
12,784
10,341
15,185
8,151
7,035
10,602
6,362
4,240
2,629
1,578
1,051

64.9
53.9
43.1
64.9
79.4
82.3
83.5
83.9
83.1
83.9
84.0
83.8
78.0
80.8
75.0
54.2
64.4
43.8
10.7
18.7
6.5

94,385
5,422
2,118
3,304
12,130
64,092
27,408
14,057
13,351
22,131
12,219
9,912
14,552
7,831
6,720
10,184
6,105
4,078
2,559
1,530
1,029

5,704
977
455
522
1,068
3,171
1,544
820
724
994
565
429
633
318
314
418
256
162
70
49
22

5.7
15.3
17.7
13.6
8.1
4.7
5.3
5.5
5.1
4.3
7.0
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.5
3.9
4.0
3.8
2.7
3.1
2.1

54,237
5,465
3,394
2,072
3,415
14,429
5,714
2,850
2,863
4,438
2,443
1,994
4,278
1,932
2,346
8,958
3,510
5,448
21,970
6,847
15,122

26,710
376
98
279
1,326
10,831
4,367
2,101
2,265
3,375
1,864
1,515
3,089
1,465
1,629
4,897
2,201
2,697
9,279
3,018
6,262

7,247
4,777
3,192
1,586
1,636
804
533
353
180
212
134
79
58
43
14
15
5
10
14
6
8

2,152
22
6
16
52
691
156
63
93
217
104
113
319
120
198
564
301
263
823
158
666

18,128
289
98
191
401
2,102
658
333
325
633
340
294
811
306
506
3,482
1,004
2,478
11,853
3,667
8,187

73,692
5,975
3,050
2,925
8,123
40,239
17,149
8,759
8,389
13,571
7,504
6,066
9,519
4,950
4,569
9,237
4,709
4,529
10,118
3,806
6,312

56,160
3,258
1,301
1,958
6,907
38,105
16,421
8,340
8,081
12,944
7,170
5,774
8,739
4,657
4,083
6,291
3,778
2,512
1,600
966
634

76.2
54.5
42.6
66.9
85.0
94.7
95.8
95.2
96.3
95.4
95.5
95.2
91.8
94.1
89.4
68.1
80.2
55.5
15.8
25.4
10.0

52,868
2,700
1,046
1,654
6,291
36,285
15,544
7,860
7,684
12,352
6,822
5,530
8,389
4,488
3,900
6,036
3,631
2,405
1,558
938
619

3,291
559
255
304
616
1,820
877
480
397
592
348
244
351
168
182
255
147
107
42
28
15

5.9
17.1
19.6
15.5
8.9
4.8
5.3
5.8
4.9
4.6
4.9
4.2
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.0
3.9
4.3
2.7
2.8
2.3

17,532
2,716
1,749
967
1,217
2,134
728
419
308
627
334
292
780
293
487
2,947
930
2,017
8,518
2,840
5,678

417
22
13
9
13
130
40
15
24
44
27
17
46
14
33
45
20
25
207
53
155

3,716
2,502
1,675
827
921
282
223
170
53
51
35
16
8
4
3
6
2
4
6
3
2

1,256
13
3
9
41
495
102
39
64
155
76
79
238
88
150
368
199
169
340
92
248

12,143
180
57
123
242
1,226
363
196
167
377
196
181
487
187
300
2,529
710
1,819
7,966
2,693
5,273

80,635
5,889
2,917
2,973
8,490
41,452
17,517
8,968
8,549
13,992
7,723
6,269
9,943
5,133
4,811
10,323
5,164
5,159
14,481
4,620
9,861

43,930
3,141
1,272
1,868
6,292
29,157
12,531
6,537
5,994
10,181
5,614
4,567
6,445
3,494
2,952
4,311
2,584
1,728
1,029
612
417

54.5
53.3
43.6
62.8
74.1
70.3
71.5
72.9
70.1
72.8
72.7
72.9
64.8
68.1
61.4
41.8
50.0
33.5
7.1
13.3
4.2

41,517
2,722
1,072
1,650
5,840
27,807
11,864
6,197
5,667
9,779
5,397
4,382
6,163
3,343
2,820
4,148
2,474
1,673
1,001
592
410

2,413
419
200
219
452
1,351
667
340
327
402
217
185
282
150
132
164
109
54
28
21
7

5.5
13.3
15.7
11.7
7.2
4.6
5.3
5.2
5.5
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.2
27
34
1.6

36,705
2,749
1,644
1,104
2,198
12,295
4,986
2,431
2,555
3,811
2,109
1,702
3,498
1,639
1,859
6,011
2,580
3,431
13,452
4,007
9,444

26,294
355
84
270
1,313
10,701
4,327
2,086
2,241
3,331
1,839
1,492
3,043
1,449
1,594
4,853
2,181
2,672
9,072
2,965
6,107

3,531
2,275
1,517
759
716
522
310
183
127
162
99
63
50
39
11
9
3
6
9
3
6

896
10
3
7
11
196
54
24
29
62
28
34
80
32
48
196
102
94
484
66
418

5,984
109
41
69
159
876
295
137
158
257
144
113
325
119
206
953
294
659
3,887
974
2,914

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years

30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

16




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

2,339
110
29
82
181
580
266
141
125
157
81
76
157
72
84
376
140
236
1,092
361
731

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

19,819
2,147
1,085
1,062
2,640
10,678
4,927
2,601
2,326
3,361
1,869
1,492
2,390
1,246
1,144
2,071
1,098
974
2,284
824
1,459

12,445
814
259
554
1,873
8,435
3,961
2,057
1,903
2,745
1,563
1,181
1,730
942
789
1,091
690
401
232
128
103

62.8
37.9
23.9
52.2
71.0
79.0
80.4
79.1
81.8
81.7
83.6
79.2
72.4
75.6
69.0
52.7
62.8
41.2
10.1
15.5
7.1

10,681
469
134
335
1,473
7,486
3,392
1,731
1,661
2,498
1,420
1,077
1,597
866
731
1,031
648
384
221
123
99

1,764
345
125
220
400
949
569
327
242
247
143
104
134
76
58
60
42
18
10
6
5

14.2
42.4
48.4
39.6
21.3
11.3
14.4
15.9
12.7
9.0
9.1
8.8
7.7
8.1
7.4
5.5
6.1
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.9

7,375
1,333
826
508
767
2,242
966
543
423
616
306
310
660
305
355
980
408
572
2,052
696
1,356

2,920
94
17
77
292
1,276
524
286
239
360
185
174
392
181
211
482
220
261
776
279
496

1,597
1,125
780
345
282
190
139
98
41
35
17
19
16
7
8

517
4

8,862
1,054
544
510
1,200
4,768
2,206
1,167
1,040
1,494
829
665
1,068
557
511
930
498
433
911
350
560

6,229
433
131
302
968
4,140
1,942
1,032
910
1,320
750
570
878
477
401
567
354
213
121
71
50

70.3
41.2
24.1
59.2
80.7
86.8
88.0
88.5
87.5
88.4
90.5
85.7
82.2
85.6
78.5
60.9
71.0
49.3
13.3
20.3
9.0

5,289
245
67
178
768
3,629
1,642
866
776
1,189
666
523
798
436
362
531
331
200
115
66
50

941
188
64
124
199
510
300
166
134
131
84
47
80
41
39
36
22
13
6
6
1

15.1
43.4
49.0
41.0
20.6
12.3
15.4
16.1
14.7
9.9
11.2
8.3
9.1
8.5
9.8
6.3
6.4
6.3
5.2

2,634
621
413
208
232
628
264
134
130
174
79
95
190
80
110
363
144
219
789
279
510

108
7
4
3
6
42
14
3
12
15
8
7
13
5
9
16
14
2
37
14
22

771
563
402
161
122
86
61
43
18
19
9
11
6
2
4

304
3

10,957
1,093
541
552
1,440
5,910
2,721
1,434
1,286
1,867
1,040
827
1,322
689
633
1,141
600
541
1,373
474
899

6,216
380
128
252
905
4,295
2,019
1,025
993
1,424
813
611
852
465
388
524
336
189
110
57
53

56.7
34.8
23.6
45.7
62.9
72.7
74.2
71.5
77.2
76.3
78.2
73.9
64.5
67.4
61.3
45.9
56.0
34.8
8.0
12.0
5.9

5,392
224
67
157
705
3,857
1,750
865
885
1,309
754
554
798
430
369
501
316
184
106
57
49

823
157
61
96
200
439
269
161
108
116
59
57
54
35
19
24
19
4
4

13.2
41.2
47.7
37.9
22.1
10.2
13.3
15.7
10.9
8.1
7.3
9.3
6.3
7.6
4.8
4.6
5.8
2.3
3.7
(1)

4,741
712
413
299
535
1,614
702
409
293
442
227
215
470
225
245
617
264
353
1,263
417
846

2,812
87
13
74
286
1,234
510
283
227
345
177
167
379
176
202
466
207
259
739
265
474

825
562
378
184
160
104
78
55
23
16
8
8
10
5
4

214
1

4
12
194
36
19
18
64
22
41
94
43
51
123
48
75
184
57
128

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

3
7
142
29
15
15
42
16
25
71
30
41
83
33
50
69
27
43

1,448
48
7
41
97
355
159
74
85
97
45
52
99
43
56
265
98
167
683
238
445

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ...

4

O

1
5
52
7
4
3
22
6
16
23
13
10
40
15
25
115
30
85

891
62
22
41
84
225
107
67
40
60
36
24
58
29
28
111
42
69
409
123
286

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Percent
of
labor
force

Nonagricultural
industries

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

24,785
2,610
1,328
1,282
3,206
13,760
6,292
3,337
2,955
4,406
2,454
1,951
3,062
1,614
1,448
2,543
1,365
1,178
2,667
979
1,688

15,690
972
318
654
2,250
10,830
4,982
2,603
1,246
3,601
2,021
1,580
2,247
1,232
1,015
1,344
862
482
294
178
115

63.3
37.2
23.9
51.0
70.2
78.7
79.2
78.0
42.2
81.7
82.4
81.0
73.4
76.3
70.1
52.9
63.2
40.9
11.0
18.2
6.8

13,677
600
182
418
1,800
9,722
4,326
2,235
2,090
3,314
1,854
1,460
2,083
1,141
943
1,273
809
464
282
172
111

180
9
3
6
27
109
46
25
22
36
24
12
27
16
11
23
16
7
12
6
7

13,498
591
179
413
1,772
9,614
4,280
2,211
2,069
3,278
1,831
1,447
2,056
1,124
932
1,250
793
457
270
166
104

2,013
372
136
236
451
1,108
657
367
290
287
167
121
164
91
73
71
53
18
11
7

12.8
38.2
42.8
36.0
20.0
10.2
13.2
14.1
23.3
8.0
8.3
7.7
7.3
7.4
7.2
5.3
6.2
3.7
3.9
3.9
7.0

9,095
1,638
1,010
628
956
2,929
1,309
734
575
805
433
371
815
382
433
1,199
502
697
2,373
801
1,572

11,218
1,285
666
619
1,476
6,227
2,873
1,545
1,328
1,985
1,087
898
1,369
722
647
1,152
630
522
1,078
430
648

7,989
511
161
350
1,169
5,444
2,517
1,346
1,172
1,779
990
789
1,149
625
524
712
460
252
153
99
53

71.2
39.8
24.2
56.6
79.2
87.4
87.6
87.1
88.2
89.6
91.1
87.8
83.9
86.6
81.0
61.7
72.9
48.3
14.2
23.1
8.2

6,907
308
92
217
941
4,842
2,166
1,156
1,010
1,627
894
733
1,050
577
473
670
431
239
145
93
53

153
6

6,753
302
91
211
916
4,752
2,129
1,137
992
1,597
874
723
1,026
563
463
649
416
233
133
87
46

1,082
203
69
134
228
602
351
190
162
152
96
56
99
48
51
42
29
13
7
7
1

13.5
39.7
43.1
38.1
19.5
11.1
14.0
14.1
13.8
8.5
9.7
7.1
8.6
7.7
9.7
5.9
6.2
5.2
4.8
6.6

3,229
773
505
269
307
782
356
199
157
207
97
109
220
97
123
441
171
270
925
331
594

13,567
1,325
662
663
1,730
7,533
3,419
1,792
1,627
2,421
1,367
1,053
1,693
892
801
1,391
734
656
1,589
549
1,040

7,701
460
157
303
1,081
5,386
2,465
1,257
1,208
1,822
1,031
791
1,098
607
491
633
403
230
141
79
62

56.8
34.7
23.7
45.7
62.5
71.5
72.1
70.1
74.3
75.3
75.4
75.1
64.9
68.0
61.3
45.5
54.9
35.0
8.9
14.4
6.0

6,771
292
90
201
859
4,880
2,160
1,079
1,080
1,687
960
727
1,033
564
470
603
378
225
137
79
58

26
3
3

6,744
289
88
201
856
4,862
2,151
1,074
1,077
1,681
957
724
1,030
561
469
601
377
224
137
79
58

931
169
67
102
223
506
305
177
128
136
71
65
65
43
22
29
25
5
4

12.1
36.6
42.4
33.6
20.6
9.4
12.4
14.1
10.6
7.4
6.9
8.2
5.9
7.1
4.4
4.6
6.2
2.0
2.9
4

5,866
865
505
360
649
2,147
953
535
418
598
336
262
595
285
310
758
331
427
1,448
470
978

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

25
91
37
19
18
30
20
10
24
14
10
20
15
6
13
6
7

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




3
18
9
6
4
6
4
2
3
2
1
3
1
1

O

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

177,306
114,028
64.3
106,049
3,013
103,037
7,978
7.0
63,278

179,112
115,780
64.6
108,063
2,809
105,254
7,717
6.7
63,332

76,753
59,920
78.1
56,090
2,303
53,787
3,831
6.4
16,833

77,651
60,379
77.8
56,767
2,115
54,652
3,612
6.0
17,272

85,995
46,633
54.2
43,843
513
43,330
2,790
6.0
39,362

86,988
48,030
55.2
45,274
521
44,752
2,757
5.7
38,957

14,557
7,474
51.3
6,116
197
5,919
1,358
18.2
7,083

14,474
7,370
50.9
6,022
172
5,850
1,349
18.3
7,103

152,734
98,598
64.6
92,650
2,739
89,912
5,948
6.0
54,136

154,327
100,090
64.9
94,385
2,629
91,756
5,704
5.7
54,237

66,866
52,479
78.5
49,550
2,055
47,495
2,929
5.6
14,388

67,718
52,902
78.1
50,169
1,968
48,201
2,733
5.2
14,816

73,873
39,593
53.6
37,569
496
37,072
2,024
5.1
34,280

74,745
40,789
54.6
38,795
498
38,297
1,994
4.9
33,956

11,994
6,527
54.4
5,532
188
5,344
995
15.2
5,468

11,864
6,399
53.9
5,422
163
5,258
977
15.3
5,465

19,513
12,183
62.4
10,424
218
10,206
1,759
14.4
7,330

19,819
12,445
62.8
10,681
145
10,536
1,764
14.2
7,375

7,691
5,738
74.6
4,977
201
4,776
761
13.3
1,953

7,808
5,796
74.2
5,044
124
4,921
752
13.0
2,012

9,688
5,672
58.5
4,999
11
4,988
673
11.9
4,016

9,864
5,835
59.2
5,169
14
5,154
667
11.4
4,029

2,134
773
36.2
448
6
442
325
42.0
1,360

2,147
814
37.9
469
8
461
345
42.4
1,333

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Part
time1

Full
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,230
10,594
4,636

7,076
4,432
2,644

46.5
41.8
57.0

6,256
3,742
2,514

1,123
347
111

5,132
3,395
1,737

820
691
130

116
62
53

705
628
76

11.6
15.6
4.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,864
7,366
6,385
981

3,089
3,987
3,116
872

39.3
54.1
48.8
88.8

2,511
3,745
2,913
832

156
968
439
529

2,355
2,777
2,474
303

578
243
203
40

39
77
48
29

539
166
155
11

18.7
6.1
6.5
4.5

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,803
5,409
2,394

3,506
2,197
1,310

44.9
40.6
54.7

3,039
1,800
1,239

567
174
393

2,472
1,626
846

467
396
71

63
43
20

404
354
50

13.3
18.0
5.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,133
3,669
3,211
459

1,598
1,908
1,497
411

38.7
52.0
46.6
89.7

1,257
1,782
1,384
398

93
474
237
236

1,164
1,308
1,146
162

341
127
113
13

27
37
27
9

314
90
86
4

21.3
6.6
7.6
3.3

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,428
5,185
2,243

3,570
2,236
1,334

48.1
43.1
59.5

3,216
1,941
1,275

556
172
384

2,660
1,769
891

353
294
59

53
20
33

301
275
26

9.9
13.2
4.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,731
3,697
3,174
523

1,491
2,079
1,619
460

40.0
56.2
51.0
88.0

1,254
1,963
1,529
434

62
494
202
292

1,191
1,469
1,327
142

237
116
90
26

12
40
20
20

225
76
70
6

15.9
5.6
5.6
5.7

12,635
8,705
3,930

6,238
3,935
2,303

49.4
45.2
58.6

5,651
3,427
2,224

999
324
675

4,652
3,103
1,549

587
508
79

76
47
29

511
461
50

9.4
12.9
3.4

Men
Women

6,503
6,131

3,087
3,151

47.5
51.4

2,738
2,914

510
489

2,228
2,424

350
237

47
29

303
208

11.3
7.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,315
6,320
5,499
821

2,704
3,534
2,784
750

42.8
55.9
50.6
91.3

2,280
3,371
2,646
725

138
861
386
475

2,142
2,510
2,260
250

424
163
139
24

30
46
28
17

394
117
111
7

15.7
4.6
5.0
3.2

2,023
1,510
512

644
393
252

31.8
26.0
49.1

435
227
207

102
18
85

332
210
122

210
165
44

37
14
23

172
151
21

32.5
42.1
17.6

Men
Women

1,008
1,015

329
315

32.7
31.0

225
210

47
56

178
154

104
105

16
21

89
84

31.7
33.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,271
751
627
125

313
331
237
93

24.6
44.0
37.9
74.9

174
261
181
80

14
89
46
43

160
172
135
37

140
70
57
13

8
29
20
9

132
41
37
4

44.6
21.1
23.9
14.1

1,119
825
294

430
269
161

38.4
32.6
54.8

347
191
156

84
26
58

263
165
98

83
78
5

2
2

81
78
3

19.3
29.0
3.2

Men
Women

580
539

238
192

41.0
35.6

187
159

43
41

145
118

51
33

2

50
31

21.2
17.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

713
406
331
75

205
225
158
67

28.7
55.4
47.7
89.4

128
218
151
67

17
67
37
30

112
151
114
37

76
7
7

74
7
7

37.3
3.0
4.4
2
()

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

20




2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full

Part

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

19,063
3,880
15,184

15,743
2,938
12,805

82.6
75.7
84.3

13,696
2,280
11,416

11,632
1,690
9,942

2,064
591
1,473

2,047
658
1,389

1,840
574
1,267

207
84
122

13.0
22.4
10.8

4,372
14,691
2,935
1,464

2,881
12,862
2,666
1,408

65.9
87.6
90.9
96.2

2,168
11,528
2,486
1,361

1,709
9,923
2,188
1,304

459
1,605
298
57

713
1,334
181
47

644
1,196
157
43

138
24
4

24.8
10.4
6.8
3.3

9,056
1,850
7,206

8,339
1,573
6,766

92.1
85.0
93.9

7,200
1,208
5,993

6,445
966
5,479

756
242
514

1,138
365
773

1,082
340
742

57
26
31

13.7
23.2
11.4

2,244
6,812
1,288
612

1,895
6,444
1,238
599

84.4
94.6
96.1
97.9

1,474
5,727
1,157
578

1,254
5,190
1,046
556

220
536
110
22

421
717
81
21

407
675
75
20

14
43
6
1

22.2
11.1
6.5
3.5

10,007
2,029
7,978

7,404
1,365
6,039

74.0
67.3
75.7

6,495
1,073
5,423

5,187
724
4,463

1,308
348
960

909
293
616

758
234
524

150
59
91

12.3
21.4
10.2

2,128
7,879
1,647
852

986
6,418
1,428
809

46.3
81.5
86.8
95.0

694
5,802
1,329
784

455
4,733
1,141
749

239
1,069
188
35

292
616
100
26

237
521
82
23

55
95
18
3

29.6
9.6
7.0
3.2

15,843
3,159
12,684

13,359
2,463
10,896

84.3
78.0
85.9

11,901
1,994
9,906

10,164
1,487
8,676

1,737
507
1,230

1,458
469

1,300
408
891

159
61
98

10.9
19.0
9.1

7,595
8,248

7,077
6,282

93.2
76.2

6,253
5,648

5,649
4,515

604
1,133

825
634

780
519

44
114

11.7
10.1

3,546
12,296
2,440
1,323

2,433
10,926
2,247
1,284

68.6
88.9
92.1
97.1

1,898
10,003
2,114
1,253

1,508
8,656
1,861
1,200

390
1,347
253
53

535
923
133
31

485
815

115
26

50
108
18
5

22.0
8.4
5.9
2.4

2,764
637
2,127

2,042
421
1,622

73.9
66.1
76.2

1,508
241
1,266

1,216
172
1,044

535
179
355

491
157
334

43
22
21

26.2
42.6
21.9

Men
Women

1,246
1,518

1,072
971

86.0
63.9

788
719

647
569

141
150

283
252

272
219

11
32

26.4
25.9

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

715
2,049
421
77

386
1,656
351
69

54.0
80.8
83.5
90.1

228
1,280
308
60

167
1,049
271
58

61
230
36
2

159
376
44
9

142
349
40
10

17
27
4

41.1
22.7
12.5

1,872
409
1,463

1,382
256
1,126

73.8
62.7
76.9

1,194
194

1,060
154
906

133
40
93

188
62
126

157
44
113

31
18
13

13.6
24.3
11.2

Men
Women

977
895

878
504

89.8
56.4

762
432

702
359

61
73

116
73

105
52

11
21

13.2
14.4

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

908
964
203
37

599
783
173
33

66.0
81.2
85.1

505

449
611
132
30

55
78
22
1

95
94
19
2

81
76
17
2

14
17
2

15.8
12.0
10.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




154
31

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,548
6,508
1,531
3,403
1,574
1,040

7,675
6,426
1,293
3,181
1,952
1,249

7,068
6,265
1,466
3,284
1,515
803

7,158
6,179
1,241
3,074
1,864
979

6,696
5,928
1,341
3,142
1,445
768

6,768
5,835
1,138
2,900
1,797
933

372
337
125
142
70
35

390
344
103
174
67
46

5.3
5.4
8.5
4.3
4.6
4.4

5.4
5.6
8.3
5.7
3.6
4.7

16,698
7,672
4,866
4,160

17,707
8,063
5,303
4,341

15,830
7,309
4,595
3,926

16,713
7,664
4,985
4,064

14,990
6,864
4,377
3,749

15,808
7,234
4,718
3,856

840
445
218
177

905
430
267
208

5.3
6.1
4.7
4.5

5.4
5.6
5.4
5.1

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data

22




for 25- to 29-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table
because the group is rapidly disppearing (into the 30-34 age category)
and the numbers remaining for some labor force categories are not
large enough to warrant their continued publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Full-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)

Employed

Sex, age, and race
Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part-time labor force

Part
time for
Number
economic
reasons

Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force

Employed
on
voluntary
part
time1

Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)

Number

Percent of
part-time
labor force

TOTAL

98,822
3,081
410
2,671
95,741
12,828
82,912
71,087
11,825

87,102
1,936
213
1,723
85,166
10,411
74,755
64,007
10,749

5,402
509
71
438
4,893
1,097
3,797
3,178
619

6,317
636
125
511
5,681
1,320
4,361
3,902
459

6.4
20.6
30.6
19.1
5.9
10.3
5.3
5.5
3.9

16,959
4,290
2,481
1,809
12,669
2,620
10,048
7,006
3,043

15,558
3,577
2,015
1,562
11,981
2,421
9,560
6,629
2,931

1,400
713
466
247
687
199
488
377
111

8.3
16.6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

58,801
1,693
57,107
6,988
50,119
42,555
7,564

52,593
1,089
51,504
5,663
45,841
38,851
6,990

2,423
222
2,201
562
1,640
1,360
280

3,784
382
3,402
763
2,640
2,345
295

6.4
22.6
6.0
10.9
5.3
5.5
3.9

5,348
2,076
3,272
1,088
2,184
994
1,190

4,759
1,697
3,062
1,007
2,056
917
1,138

589
379

51

11.0
18.3
6.4
7.5
5.9
7.7
4.3

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

40,021
1,387
38,634
5,841
32,793
28,532
4,261

34,509
847
33,662
4,748
28,916
25,157
3,758

2,979
287
2,692
536
2,156
1,818
339

2,533
254
2,279
558
1,721
1,557
164

6.3
18.3
5.9
^.5
5.2
5.5
3.8

11,610
2,213
9,397
1,532
7,865
6,012
1,853

10,799
1,880
8,919
1,415
7,504
5,712
1,793

811
334
477
117
360
300
60

7.0
15.1
5.1
7.7
4.6
5.0
3.2

51,429
1,436
49,993
5,947
44,046
37,259
6,787

46,614
969
45,644
4,944
40,700
34,408
6,292

1,975
191
1,784
451
1,334
1,090
244

2,840
276
2,564
552
2,013
1,762
251

5.5
19.2
5.1
9.3
4.6
4.7
3.7

4,731
1,822
2,909
960
1,949
845
1,104

4,280
1,539
2,740
896
1,844
787
1,057

451
283
168
64
103
58
45

9.5
15.5
5.8
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.1

33,435
1,168
32,267
4,940
27,327
23,620
3,707

29,232
745
28,487
4,133
24,354
21,071
3,282

2,421
243
2,178
439
1,738
1,452
285

1,782
180
1,603
368
1,234
1,095
139

5.3
15.4
5.0
7.5
4.5
4.6
3.7

10,495
1,972
8,523
1,351
7,171
5,537
1,634

9,864
1,733
8,131
1,267
6,863
5,282
1,581

631
239
392
84
308
255
53

6.0
12.1
4.6
6.2
4.3
4.6
3.2

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,756
226
5,530
870
4,659
4,042
617

4,562
99
4,463
586
3,877
3,328
549

376
26
350
98
252
220
32

817
101
717
187
530
493
37

14.2
44.5
13.0
21.5
11.4
12.2
6.0

473
208
266
97
169
98
71

350
120
230
85
146
80
66

123
88
35
12
24
18
6

26.0
42.2
13.3
12.5
14.2
18.4

Women, 16 years and over

5,415
197
5,218
773
4,444
3,987
457

4,250
87
4,163
515
3,649
3,258
391

492
39
454
88
366
319
47

672
71
601
170
418
412
6

12.4
36.0
11.5
22.0
9.4
10.3
1.3

800
183
618
132
485
308
177

649
97
552
102
450
280
170

151
86
66
30
35
27
8

18.9
46.8

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

25 to 54 years
55 years and over

210
81
128
77

18.8
13.7
5.4
7.6

4.9
5.4
3.6

White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black

16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.




10.6
23.0
7.2
8.8
4.5

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1 985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going Unable
Other
to
to
reasons
school work

Total, 16 years and over1

95,008

65.1

88,581

6,427

6.8

50,922

24,611

8,534

1,960

15,817

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,524
24,240
1,161
14,123

78.5
91.6
92.0
62.4

37,869
23,377
1,010
13,482

1,655
863
152
641

4.2
3.6
13.1
4.5

10,822
2,212
101
8,510

180
63
3
114

175
100
4
71

867
300
28
539

9,600
1,748
66
7,786

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

27,713
24,387
1,014
2,312

55.0
64.4
61.3
21.4

26,451
23,377
863
2,212

1,262
1,010
152
101

4.6 22,633
4.1 13,482
15.0
641
4.3
8,510

19,508
12,321
590
6,597

364
303
11
50

269
89
6
173

2,491
768
33
1,690

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

13,057
4,801
5,092
3,164

61.6
50.5
75.1
64.5

11,469
4,117
4,573
2,779

1,588
684
519
385

12.2
14.2
10.2
12.2

8,141
4,703
1,693
1,745

755
116
138
501

5,772
4,346
1,293
133

280
11
31
238

1,333
229
231
873

Women who maintain families

6,165

60.6

5,605

560

9.1

4,003

2,964

181

139

718

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,193
1,336
1,627
2,230

58.4
46.0
74.7
58.4

4,246
916
1,350
1,980

947
420
277
250

18.2
31.5
17.0
11.2

3,706
1,568
551
1,587

774
92
101
581

1,701
1,341
287
73

256
7
17
232

975
128
146
701

Men who maintain families

1,851

75.3

1,699

152

8.2

606

62

19

92

433

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,504
292
449
763

59.8
52.0
76.9
55.7

1,241
211
387
643

263
81
62
120

17.5
27.6
13.8
15.7

1,012
269
135
608

368
15
32
321

322
240
58
24

57
1
4
52

264
13
41
210

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in
married-couple families where the husband or wife is in the Armed
Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

24




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status
estimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differences
in definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

3,344
1,380
745
1,219

6.7
5.1
7.4
9.7

6.5
4.8
7.4
9.4

2,413
1,160
543
711

5.7
4.8
6.5
7.2

5.5
4.6
6.8
6.7

808
166
197
446

823
171
179
473

13.4
7.3
11.2
22.3

13.2
7.5
9.6
22.9

5.3
4.1
8.6
8.7

2,111

2,082
1,077
663

341

5.4
4.5
6.9
7.0

5.1
4.2
6.9
6.5

414

4.9
4.0
8.2
7.7

4.6
3.8
7.7
6.8

1,580
959
438
183

1,542
903
472
167

4.7
4.3
6.0
4.8

4.5
3.9
6.2
4.2

553
226
121
205

11.1
7.1
13.6
20.6

11.4
7.8
13.0
20.2

469
125
181
163

467
136
172
159

9.9
6.1
10.6

9.5
6.6
9.5
15.1

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,623
1,895
546
2,182

4,374
1,813
545

7.2
4.6
9.2
13.1

6.8
4.4
8.7
12.0

3,355
1,413
711

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,518
1,583

3,291

6.3
4.3
8.4
10.9

5.9
4.0
7.8
9.9

2,430
1,184

1,527

1,488
405
1,399

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

951
227
126
598

941
260
123
557

15.5
7.5
13.8

15.1
8.5
13.0

27.1

25.1

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,869
1,691

513
665

2,768
1,605
519
644

5.6
4.3
9.1
9.5

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,230
1,410

2,117
1,323

381

381

439

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

526
203
119
204




408

Unemployment
rates

2,016

1,231

499
746

1,135

631
345

16.8

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Men

Total

Total

Women
Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7.2

6.8

6.7

6.5

2.0
2.3
1.8

2.2
2.0
2.4

2.0
2.1
1.9

2.3
2.4
2.2

2.0
2.7
1.6

4.6
3.5
4.8
4.7

4.2
3.1
4.7
4.1

3.7
2.6
3.4
5.0

3.3
2.8
3.1
4.0

5.0
4.4
6.2
4.6

4.7
3.3
6.3
4.1

1,450
72
100
1,278

8.5
5.9
4.9
9.2

8.9
7.0
5.3
9.6

8.7

9.1

0

4.8
10.1

0

5.2
10.6

8.3
5.8
5.6
8.7

8.8
7.3
5.6
9.1

934
165
531
238

1,022
245
519
258

6.6
3.6
10.1
5.5

7.2
5.3
9.7
6.1

6.3
3.5
9.9
4.7

7.0
5.2
9.6
5.3

9.1
7.4
18.1
8.2

9.2
8.4
13.7
8.8

2,245
949
479
817
217
600

2,023
907
448
669
174
495

11.7
10.7
9.7
15.3
26.6
13.3

10.6
10.3
9.1
12.8
21.2
11.2

12.0
10.2
9.8
16.4
26.0
14.2

10.4
8.9
9.3
13.2
20.4
11.6

10.9
11.4
7.9
10.7

11.4
12.1
7.0
10.8

0

0

Farming, forestry, and fishing

423

301

11.8

9.4

11.5

9.4

13.9

9.8

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

822
554
171
97

833
546
190
96

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7,717

7.0

6.7

583
264
319

548
293
255

2.2
2.2
2.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,578
117
644
817

1,496
106
645
745

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,327
68
89
1,170

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

26




Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7,978

Dec.
1984

9.7

9.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Men

Women

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7,717

7.0

6.7

7.2

6.8

6.7

6.5

6,039

5,903

7.1

6.8

7.5

7.0

6.6

6.5

94
818

95
774

9.5
14.2

9.8
13.1

10.0
14.7

10.1
13.3

7.1
8.6

7.6
11.0

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,629
978
79
49
53
130
139

1,580

6.7
7.1
13.1
9.5
9.6

8.3
7.6
9.5
3.6
8.7

8.4
8.2

149
141

79
58
32
46

89
52
25
53

7.3
7.4
13.3
8.5
10.2
9.6
9.6
5.7
7.0
5.3
7.0
3.7
3.5

6.8
7.2
12.1
9.6
8.6

146
167
137

10.1
11.3
5.6
8.3
5.2
7.1
2.5
7.1

611

63
44
40

68
55

41

11.0
7.0
8.8
6.8
10.0
5.7
3.7
5.9
7.4
9.6

13.7
9.6
5.3
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.3
2.8
7.4
6.1
8.6
7.1
7.9
7.1
4.4
3.9
3.9
6.1

10.0
9.6
6.0
5.2
4.7
5.7
3.8
2.3

651
179
67
121
54
84

7.3
7.3
11.7
8.0
8.6
13.2
10.0
5.4
6.6
5.4
5.9
5.0
4.6
8.6
7.3
9.3
8.1
9.7
7.6
4.9
5.0
5.6
8.1

10.0
6.0
8.0
6.5
3.7
5.3
3.2
5.9
6.3
9.1

10.1
9.0
10.6
9.0
10.2
9.0
5.8
7.5
8.7
12.0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

303
245
58
1,574
242
1,332
232
1,388
488
900

308
241
66
1,619
187
1,431
207
1,321
458
863

5.1
5.9
2.2
7.1
5.8
7.4
3.7
6.4
4.0
9.6

4.9
5.6
2.4
7.2
4.6
7.8
3.1
5.8
3.6
8.7

5.8
6.8
2.2
6.4
5.3
6.9
4.4
7.1
4.0
9.8

5.2
6.1
1.9
6.5
3.8
7.4
3.2
6.2
3.1
8.8

3.1
3.2
2.2
7.8
6.9
8.0
3.3
6.0
4.0
9.5

4.2
4.1
3.3
8.0
6.3
8.2
3.1
5.6
3.8
8.6

280
837
822

210
771
833

16.3
3.2

13.6
2.9

14.6
3.3

13.7
2.9

24.3
3.0

13.3
2.9

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid famiy workers
No previous work experience




Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7,978

969
94
63
67
88

129
160

166
56
123

39
62

14.5
6.4
12.1
6.1
9.5
5.0
9.5
7.7
11.9
3.6
5.4
12.4
8.5

10.4
7.2
11.7
6.8
4.3
5.8
9.4

10.6

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Men,
20 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1985

1,349
291
86
205
117
394
546

5,948
3,357
990
2,367
656
1,404
531

5,704
3,109
1,035
2,074
658
1,405
532

1,759
853
140
713
107
537
263

1,764
825
136
689
142
541
255

100.0
24.6
6.0
18.6
7.1
27.6
40.7

100.0
21.6
6.4
15.2
8.7
29.2
40.5

100.0
56.4
16.6
39.8
11.0
23.6
8.9

100.0
54.5
18.1
36.4
11.5
24.6
9.3

100.0
48.5
8.0
40.5
6.1
30.5
14.9

100.0
46.8
7.7
39.1
8.0
30.7
14.5

4.5
1.3
5.0
7.4

4.0
1.6
5.3
7.4

3.4
.7
1.4
.5

3.1
.7
1.4
.5

7.0
.9
4.4
2.2

6.6
1.1
4.3
2.1

Dec.
1985

7,978
4,343
1,157
3,186
791
2,024
820

7,717
4,063
1,190
2,873
813
2,010
832

3,831
2,711
737
1,974
361
650
108

3,612
2,585
782
1,803
334
596
98

2,790
1,298
339
959
334
999
159

2,757
1,187
322
865
362
1,020
188

1,358
334
82
252
96
375
553

100.0
54.4
14.5
39.9
9.9
25.4
10.3

100.0
52.6
15.4
37.2
10.5
26.0
10.8

100.0
70.7
19.2
51.5
9.4
17.0
2.8

100.0
71.6
21.7
49.9
9.2
16.5
2.7

100.0
46.6
12.2
34.4
12.0
35.8
5.7

100.0
43.1
11.7
31.4
13.1
37.0
6.8

3.8
.7
1.8
.7

3.5
.7
1.7
.7

4.5
.6
1.1
.2

4.3
.6
1.0
.2

2.8
.7
2.1
.3

2.5
.8
2.1
.4

Dec.
1985

Black

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1984

White

Dec.
1984

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

28




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
December 1985
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

7,717

100.0

39.6

33.4

27.1

12.2

14.8

4,063
1,190
2,873
813
2,010
832

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.0
50.9
28.4
^44.5
44.6
44.9

.35.2
35.7
35.0
33.1
32.8
26.5

29.8
13.4
36.6
22.5
22.6
28.7

12.5
6.9
14.8
11.6
10.7
15.3

17.3
6.5
21.8
10.8
12.0
13.4

3,612

100.0

33.3

33.9

32.8

13.3

19.5

2,585
782
1,803
334
596
98

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

32.7
51.8
24.5
38.2
34.2
26.2

34.0
34.2
33.9
32.7
35.8
24.1

33.3
14.0
41.6
29.1
30.1
49.7

12.6
6.6
15.2
14.2
15.7
16.0

20.7
7.3
26.5
14.9
14.4
33.7

2,757

100.0

39.8

34.9

25.4

11.9

13.5

1,187
322
865
362
1,020
188

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.8
45.0
31.0
44.3
44.9
34.4

37.7
39.7
36.9
35.6
32.3
29.5

27.5
15.3
32.1
20.1
22.7
36.1

13.6
9.3
15.2
10.8
8.6

13.9
5.9
16.9
9.3

21.1

14.1
14.9

1,349

100.0

55.9

29.0

15.1

9.9

5.3

291
86
205
117
394
546

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

55.6
64.5
51.9
63.0
59.6
51.8

35.7
34.0
36.4
26.3
29.3
25.8

8.7
1.4
11.7
10.7
11.2
22.4

7.0
.5
9.7

1.7
.9
2.1
3.8
2.9
9.3

6.9
8.3
13.1

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks . . . .
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
....
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

.

Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7,978

7,717

100.0

100.0

6,592

6,317

100.0

100.0

3,060
2,647
1,920
728
2,272
951
1,321
422
899

3,053
2,577
1,863
714
2,088
943
1,145
429
716

38.4
33.2
24.1
9.1
28.5
11.9
16.6
5.3
11.3

39.6
33.4
24.1
9.3
27.1
12.2
14.8
5.6
9.3

2,325
2,183
1,567
616
2,084
847
1,237
388
849

2,254
2,160
1 565
594
1,903
828
1,076
410
666

35.3
33.1
23 8
9.3
31.6
12.8
18.8
59
12.9

35.7
34.2
24 8
9.4
30.1
13.1
17.0
65
10.5

17.1
7.6

15.5
7.2

18.8
8.5

17.0
8.2

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
than

5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

7,717
1,349
1,519
2,201
1,281
797
490
81

3,053

Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,374

1,601
398
310

1,457

431
121

419
254
137

87
15

92
10

Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,344
587
675
973
537
347
193

1,451
355
271
394
195
138
79
18

1,120
159
241
346
193
128
46
8

374
45

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

5,704
3,291

2,311
1,245
1,066

1,981
1,142
838

669
400
269

Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women

1,764

941
823

648
310
338

509
257
252

1,813
545
2,016

600
173
828

1,380

576
271
605

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

30




762
844
1,229
744
450
296
50

32

2,413

745
1,219

753
581
825
434
260
167
33

239

2,577
391
554
765
446
264
138

18

943

133
202
278
168
98
59
6

1,145
71
181
334
233
175
126
25

15.5
8.7
14.3
15.8
17.6
19.7
22.8
27.8

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

7.2
4.5
7.5
7.6
8.5
9.0
9.5
7.0

38.4
50.4
39.8
39.0
31.2
31.9
28.3

39.6
55.9
38.3
37.5
33.9
32.6
34.0
40.8

28.5
16.4
27 5
26.4
36.8
33.7
41.0

O

27.1
15.1
25.3
27.8
31.3
34.2
37.7
37.1

8.0
4.8
7.9

36.6
52.3
36.7
35.0
32.2
27.0
29.5

30.5
16.4
30.3
30.1
39.0
34.1
43.0

30.1
17.3
26.2
30.8
33.7
42.6
39.5

December 1985
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
2C to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

157
126
86
22

19.8
24.6
25.1

11.9
10.0

37.6
47.9
40.0
38.5
30.1
30.4
29.1

0

O

O

O

O

0

398
27
79

13.0
13.6
13.6
14.6
13.4
19.3

6.4
4.1
6.9
6.9
7.8
6.9
8.5

39.3
54.0
39.5
39.7
32.3
34.0
26.8

43.4
60.4
40.2
40.5
36.2
39.9
41.0

23.1
12.4
24.0
23.9
27.9
23.3
35.0

0

O

O

0

25.6
16.4
23.7
21.0
34.6
33.1
37.4

744

14.5

504
239

16.2
12.1

6.7
7.4
6.1

38.8
38.1
39.8

246
154
91

361
219
142

19.0
21.8

8.1
9.4
6.7

607
194
655

239

367
102

19.0

277

19.7
15.4

501
259
361

160
102
112

143
114
142

11.8
16.1
12.6

232
313

569
87
120
168
94
65
31
3

83
109
74
32
27
3

75
256

747
44

17.4

102

14.8
17.6

211

123
76
48
40
3

9.4

7.7

15.7

8.2
9.2

O

0

40.5
37.8
44.2

27.4
29.6
24.3

24.8
27.5
21.1

36.8
36.7
37.0

36.7
33.0
41.0

31.9
33.1
30.5

34.4
39.7
28.4

8.7
9.0
7.1

35.7
29.7
41.3

33.1
31.8
41.1

33.5
37.9
26.1

33.4
32.5
26.4

6.4
8.6
5.1

38.9
35.0
42.4

41.7
36.4
49.6

24.1
30.9
24.4

22.0
28.9
20.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

December 1985

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec. Dec.
1984 1985

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

548
1,496
1,450
1,022
2,023
301

162
648
588
376
756
136

202
510
476
359
686
100

88
147
164
126
252
29

96
190
221
161
329
35

17.4
13.4
15.6
15.9
17.0
13.1

9.8
6.4
7.0
7.3
7.6
6.0

35.1
39.6
38.4
41.2
35.5
44.9

29.6
43.3
40.6
36.8
37.4
45.3

28.2
27.3
28.7
27.3
31.6
23.6

33.5
22.6
26.6
28.1
28.7
21.3

210
794
1,592
976
616
347
1,623
1,823
233

98
314
529
301
227
141
688
729
78

74
306
533
339
194
114
550
598
98

17
80
231
139
91
36
164
226
36

22
94
299
197
102
57
220
271
22

12.6
13.8
18.6
20.0
16.3
16.3
13.8
15.6
14.4

5.5
6.5
9.1
9.9
8.2
6.6
6.6
7.3
7.8

48.9
45.3
33.6
30.8
37.8
26.8
42.8
35.8
32.4

46.4
39.5
33.2
30.9
36.9
40.5
42.4
40.0
33.3

24.1
20.9
35.1
38.2
30.4
36.0
25.3
29.2
31.1

18.6
22.0
33.3
34.5
31.5
26.7
23.7
27.2
24.8

833

373

221

127

112

15.0

6.7

40.0

44.8

25.0

28.7

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
December 1985
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

76.7
83.4
77.5
75.4
74.0
73.9
70.1

35.3
25.3
37.3
35.4
41.3
38.2
40.3

16.5
12.0
13.4
19.6
17.7
17.7
22.6

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

4.0
2.7
3.9
4.0
4.8
4.7
5.7

1.63
1.40
1.61
1.71
1.75
1.71
1.71

0

0

18.5
11.6
16.4
22.8
20.0
18.8
25.1

4.1
2.3
5.1
2.4
6.1
6.4
6.2

1.67
1.39
1.69
1.78
1.80
1.76
1.72

O

0

O

O

74.8
80.6
76.6
73.6
71.3
72.6
66.0

37.7
28.7
39.5
38.1
45.0
38.8
39.6

14.2
12.6
10.2
16.2
14.9
16.7
18.9

3.9
3.3
2.7
6.0
3.1
2.8
5.0

1.58
1.42
1.51
1.63
1.68
1.67
1.68

O

0

O

0

0

O

24.2
26.9
21.1

6.4
6.8
6.0

77.4
78.7
75.9

36.8
34.3
39.8

16.8
18.5
14.7

4.5
4.8
4.2

1.66
1.70
1.62

24.7
27.2
21.9

5.6
4.6
6.8

75.5
77.6
73.1

30.4
29.5
31.3

16.0
18.9
12.5

3.2
2.7
3.7

1.55
1.60
1.49

6.2
3.6
4.8
6.7
7.1
9.8
9.4

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,717
1,349
1,519
2,201
1,281
797
490
81

6,393
1,237
1,323
1,784
1,011
594
385
59

24.4
13.0
23.7
29.6
29.7
27.1
22.6

0

0

0

O

O

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,374
762
844
1,229
744
450
296
50

3,455
690
703
931
555
313
227
35

27.2
13.5
29.0
35.7
33.0
25.2
18.9
(1)

6.2
2.9
5.4
6.9
5.9
12.5
8.4

78.3
85.7
78.1
77.1
76.2
75.1
72.7

33.2
22.6
35.4
32.9
38.4
37.7
40.5

O

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,344
587
675
973
537
347
193
32

2,938
547
620
853
456
281
159
23

21.1
12.2
17.7
23.0
25.7
29.2
27.7
(1)

6.2
4.6
4.2
6.6
8.6
6.8
10.7

White, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

5,704
3,291
2,413

4,553
2,481
2,072

Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

1,764
941
823

1,617
852
766

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
December 1985
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Public
employment
agency

Employer
directly

6.2
6.4
9.1
5.7
3.8

76.7
78.9
74.5
73.1
79.4

35.3
36.6
44.6
34.1
24.3

16.5
19.3
16.6
15.0
10.6

4.0
3.7
3.2
4.7
4.3

1.63
1.75
1.74
1.53
1.35

741
404

27.2
31.7
30.0
21.6
13.4

6.2
5.8
9.0
7.2
3.5

78.3
79.0
76.7
74.6
82.9

33.2
34.2
44.4
30.6
22.3

18.5
20.2
19.1
19.0
8.9

4.1
3.9
3.1
5.0
4.5

1.67
1.75
1.82
1.58
1.35

2,938
938
414
1,170
416

21.1
27.3
22.2
19.1
11.8

6.2
7.7
9.2
4.8
4.1

74.8
78.8
72.7
72.1
76.0

37.7
41.6
44.7
36.2
26.2

14.2
17.2
14.3
12.6
12.3

3.9
3.4
3.6
4.5
4.1

1.58
1.76
1.67
1.49
1.34

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

7,717
4,063
813
2,010
832

6,393
2,861
801
1,911
820

24.4
30.3
26.1
20.0
12.6

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,374
2,766
394

3,455
1,923
387

804

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,344
1,297
419
1,206
422

Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

32




Average
number of
methods
used

Friends
or
relatives

Total
jobseekers

410

Private
employment
agency

Placed
or
answered
ads

Total
unemployed

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age

Women

Men

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

106,049
6,116
2,297

59,179
3,090
1,148
1,941

59,775
3,008

14,192
71,433

13,930

7,439

73,814

40,279
17,342

46,870
3,027
1,148
1,878
6,753
31,153
13,528
10,706
6,918
4,757
2,870
1,887
1,180

48,288

3,820

108,063
6,022
2,300
3,722

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




1,137
1,871
7,232
41,127

17,710
13,979

30,870
24,334
16,228
11,512

31,734
25,444
16,635

6,936
4,575
2,797

6,914
4,542

13,628
9,310
6,755
4,067
2,688

2,841

1,616

3,013

2,809
172
63

2,475
172
62
110
290
1,409
572
451
386
404
209
195
199

2,262
146
54

56,705
2,917

57,514

197
80
117

341
1,769
687
582
500
472
247
225
233
103,037
5,919
2,216
3,703
13,851
69,663
30,182
23,752

11,457

109
360
1,595
688
475
432
453
229
224
228

105,254
5,850
2,237

15,729
11,040

3,613
13,570
72,219
31,045
24,969
16,204
11,003

6,690
4,350
2,564

6,685
4,318
2,613

1,086
1,832

7,149
38,870

16,769
13,177
8,924
6,351
3,858
2,493
1,417

9,438
6,706
4,062

2,644
1,703

92
298
1,245
545
373
327
366

185
181
206
2,862
1,083
1,779

6,934
39,882
17,165
13,605
9,111
6,340
3,877

2,462
1,497

538
25

18
7
51
360
115
131
113
69
38
30
34
46,332
3,002
1,130
1,871
6,702
30,793
13,413

10,575
6,805
4,688
2,832
1,857

1,147

3,014
1,163
1,851
6,698
32,687
14,024
11,466
7,197
4,751
2,852
1,898
1,139

547
26
9
17
62
350
143
102
104
87
44
43

22
47,740
2,988
1,154
1,834
6,636
32,337
13,881
11,364
7,092
4,663
2,808
1,855
1,116

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Occupation

16 years
and over
Dec.
1984

Total

Women

Men

Total

Dec.
1985

16 years
and over
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

20 years
and over
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

20 years
and over

16 years
and over
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

106,049 108,063 59,179 59,775 56,090 56,767 46,870 48,288 43,843 45,274

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration .
Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

25,431 26,231 14,680 14,912 14,606 14,812 10,751 11,319 10,659 11,189
11,949 12,287 7,816 7,910 7,791 7,862 4,133 4,377 4,104 4,335
171
198
197
172
339
321
321
339
536
494
2,522 2,609 2,497 2,576
8,202 8,398 5,680 5,789 5,655 5,741
3,254 3,353
1,815 1,782 1,815 1,782 1,439 1,571 1,436 1,561
13,482 13,943
6,864 7,002 6,815 6,950 6,618 6,942 6,556 6,854
117
99
117
101
1,559 1,739 1,458 1,623 1,455 1,623
147
213
147
604
213
526
389
379
379
391
55
55
338
66
67
317
271
271
262
262
694
712
103
95
94
104
608
600
608
600
1,719
1,720
1,748
1,751
2,007
292
285
287
294
2,045
222
226
224
681
233
434
667
433
458
457
991
1,006
931
3,585 3,635
925 2,580 2,704 2,547 2,669
119
122
655
109
672
109
550
550
546
546
3,423 3,565
1,856 1,912 1,827 1,872 1,567 1,653 1,544 1,612

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science.
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services .
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

32,903 33,997 11,673 12,011 11,099 11,402 21,230 21,986 19,652 20,385
3,276 3,366 1,733 1,790 1,704 1,773 1,543 1,576 1,526 1,556
1,105 1,153
952
892
960
899
191
205
193
202
1,128 1,102
194
223
202
229
898
900
889
883
1,044 1,111
410
411
414
415
630
697
693
619
12,872 13,036 6,604 6,713 6,206 6,339 6,268 6,323 5,338 5,409
3,399 3,390 2,357 2,358 2,332 2,338 1,042 1,032 1,035 1,012
1,903 2,112 1,170 1,233 1,159 1,231
853
720
879
733
1,400 1,547 1,149 1,256 1,142 1,242
288
243
292
251
6,113 5,904 1,904 1,824 1,548 1,488 4,209 4,079 3,308 3,218
82
57
39
32
40
33
41
24
42
24
16,755 17,595 3,336 3,508 3,189 3,290 13,418 14,087 12,787 13,420
415
306
416
312
752
634
337
321
321
336
507
522
545
525
781
764
220
229
238
236

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

14,340 14,787
955
1,080
1,716 1,800
11,544 12,031
5,002 5,188
1,709 1,798
2,805 2,863
2,027 2,182

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,270
4,463
4,723
4,084

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .

34




4,790

5,018
2,561
870
7,613

83
233
553

78
229
530

1,802

84
263
528
1,858

4,707
2,116
273
5,484

4,929
2,288
296
5,613

4,488
2,063
259
5,165

4,738
2,225
281
5,239

4,714
30
1,480
3,203
1,166
130
1,551
356

5,040
26
1,543
3,471
1,310
149
1,620
393

8,799
1,045
202
7,552
3,216
1,576
1,114
1,646

8,899
917
236
7,745
3,253
1,643
1,087
1,762

7,748
851
188
6,709
2,597
1,482
1,066
1,563

7,855
779
226
6,850
2,608
1,549
1,029
1,664

13,176 12,161 12,063 11,806 11,794
4,383 4,341 4,229 4,221 4,146
4,826 4,629 4,727 4,468 4,598
3,967 3,192 3,106 3,117 3,050

1,108
122
95
892

1,113
154
98
861

1,060
118
87
855

1,079
148
96
835

16,958 16,987 12,439 12,462 11,378 11,439
7,956 7,933 4,717
4,668 4,516 4,503
6,681
6,654 3,909 3,867 3,748 3,749
3,750 2,583 2,622 2,480 2,546
3,713
2,904 1,326 1,24!
2,968
1,203
1,268
1,276
1,279
808
801
754
768
4,479 4,099 4,048 3,963 3,908
4,481
3,347 2,907 2,954 2,787 2,841
3,241
1,240
1,132 1,192 1,095 1,176 1,067
4,520
4,575 3,622 3,746 2,900 3,027
599
648
583
630
559
517
3,927 3,039 3,116 2,383 2,468
3,92;

4,519
3,239
2,772
1,130
1,642
467
382
334
48
898
16
882

4,525
3,265
2,787
1,127
1,660
478
431
394
37
829
18
812

4,290
3,134
2,697
1,103
1,594
437
364
316
49
792
13
779

4,336
3,168
2,722
1,103
1,619
446
418
380
37
750
15
734

46;
146
317

446
168
278

434
145
289

431
168
262

2,349
827

7,392

3,148
1,323
1,82

2,886
1,280
1,606

1,908
5,540
35
1,514
3,992
1,786

134
1,692
381

2,686
1,177
1,508

89
273
574
2,000
5,888
38
1,564
4,286
1,934
155
1,776
421

2,440
1,11
1,328

2,487
1,156
1,331

2,280
1,101
1,179

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

106,049
100.0

108,063
100.0

59,179
100.0

59,775
100.0

46,870
100.0

48,288
100.0

24.0
11.3
12.7
31.0
3.1
12.1
15.8
13.5
1.0
1.6
10.9
12.5
16.0
7.5
4.2
4.3
3.0

24.3
11.4

24.8

24.9

13.2

22.9
8.8

23.4
9.1

12.9
31.5
3.1

11.6
19.7
2.9

13.2
11.7
20.1
3.0

12.1
16.3

11.2
5.6
9.4
.1
2.6
6.7
20.5
21.0

14.4
45.5
3.3
13.1

4.1

14.1
45.3
3.3
13.4
28.6
18.8
2.2
.4
16.1
2.4
9.6
6.9
.8
1.9
1.0

92,650
100.0

94,385
100.0

52,349
100.0

52,868
100.0

40,302
100.0

41,517
100.0

25.1

25.3
12.0
13.3
31.9
3.1

26.1

26.1
14.0
12.2
20.3
3.0

23.8
9.2

24.2
9.5

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.7
.9
1.7
11.1

12.2
15.7
7.3
4.1
4.2
2.7

8.0

6.9
6.1
4.5

11.2

5.9
9.9
.1
2.6
7.2
20.2
20.8
7.8
6.8
6.3

29.2
18.4
1.9
.5
16.0
2.3
9.4
6.8
.9
1.7
.9

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11.9

13.1
31.7

3.1
12.8
15.8
12.2
.8
1.5
9.9
13.0
15.0
7.0
4.1

12.7

16.2
12.5
.7

14.0
12.1
20.1
3.0
11.9
5.3
8.4

15.1
2.3
8.9
6.3
.8
1.8
1.1

5,289
100.0

5,228
100.0

5,392
100.0

11.8
6.3
5.5
17.4
2.5
5.7

16.7
5.7

17.0
5.7

11.0
35.6

11.3
37.2
3.5
8.5
25.2
28.4

3.9
3.0

10.2
12.7
14.8
6.9
4.0
3.9
2.8

21.2
19.7
7.6
6.6
5.6
4.5

10,424
100.0

10,681
100.0

5,196
100.0

13.9
5.6
8.3
25.6
2.4
6.7
16.5
24.1
3.4
2.6
18.2
8.5
25.0
11.7
6.1
7.3
2.8

14.4
6.0
8.4
27.4
3.0
7.1
17.3

11.1
5.5
5.6

1.6

2.4
5.9

14.8
46.8
3.2

13.7
29.8
17.1
1.5
.4
15.1
2.3
8.6
6.1
.9
1.6
1.0

11.8
5.5

8.9
.1
2.5
6.4
20.8
19.7
7.5
6.5
5.7
4.2

0

14.5
46.7
3.3
14.0
29.4
17.2
1.7
.4

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

23.5
2.5
2.8

18.2
8.8
24.1
10.9
5.8
7.5
1.8

15.5
2.0
4.5
17.5

9.3
18.5

.1
4.2
13.2
15.1
35.5
12.2
11.3
12.1
5.3

.1
4.7
13.6
15.3
33.9
10.8
10.6
12.4
3.2

9.1

2.8

9.0
23.9
30.7
6.8

.9
23.1
2.1
14.7
11.2

1.0
2.5
.2

4.9
.8
22.7
2.4
14.6
11.0

1.0
2.6
.4

Less than 0.05 percent.




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
December 1985
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

97,160
5,772
2,199
3,573
13,222
29,065
22,653
14,578
9,795
5,986
3,809
2,076

1,122
181
150
31
134
171
131
206
178
80
98
121

16,315
302
83
219
1,191
4,318
4,816
3,171
2,139
1,387
752
378

79,722
5,289
1,967
3,322
11,896
24,576
17,706
11,201
7,478
4,519
2,959
1,577

7,837
69
34
34
320
1,934
2,241
1,568
1,178
680
498
528

257
9
4
6
28
47
76
58
30
20
11
8

1,336
137
45
92
285
397
202
164
110
56
54
41

1,341
16
9
8
63
266
255
248
322
163
159
172

131
20
9
10
13
25
18
20
21
10
11
15

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

52,254
2,807
1,053
1,755
6,709
15,901
12,171
8,075
5,473
3,378
2,095
1,117

110
37
33
5
13
20
8
14
2
1
1
14

7,857
133
30
103
534
2,031
2,258
1,630
1,057
696
361
213

44,287
2,637
990
1,647
6,162
13,850
9,905
6,431
4,414
2,681
1,733
889

5,226
51
29
22
214
1,257
1,432
1,032
862
496
365
378

34
4
1
2
12
6
2
4
5
3
2
2

1,071
118
38
79
229
306
164
125
88
47
41
39

1,148
15
8
6
61
234
210
201
275
137
138
153

43
14
7
7
7
5
_
1
2
_
2
14

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

44,906
2,965
1,147
1,818
6,513
13,163
10,482
6,502
4,322
2,608
1,714
959

1,013
144
117
27
121
151
122
192
176
79
97
107

8,458
169
53
116
658
2,287
2,557
1,541
1,082
691
391
165

35,435
2,652
977
1,675
5,734
10,725
7,802
4,770
3,064
1,838
1,226
688

2,611
17
5
12
106
677
809
536
316
183
133
151

223
6
2
3
17
41
74
54
25
17
9
7

265
19
7
12
55
91
38
38
22
9
13
2

193
1
1
2
32
45
47
47
25
22
19

89
6
2
4
5
20
19
19
18
10
8
1

36




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
December 1985
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
emTechniAdminisadminisployed
Profescians
trative
Private
trative,
sional
and
Sales support, house- Other1
and
service
specialty related
hold
including
manasupport
clerical
gerial

2,809
883
6,883
20,715
12,506
8,209

42
125
790
2,305
1,416
889

35
91
142
1,654
1,162
491

32
39
36
771
565
207

69
732

93
105
428
2,444

321
411

7,716
22,820
4,229
18,591

821
1,816

436
412
58
354

272
78
29
49

7,106
33,991
1,126
32,865
22,141
5,141

1,651
3,695

146

471
1,345

3,695
2,077
1,041

167
10,296
9
10,287
9,200
710

1,761
3

19
16

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transpor
ators,
and
equipment
craft,
tation
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

1,401
1,043

44
365
220
145

51
294
4,038
3,856
2,755
1,102

33
95
6,654
3,750
2,904

35
144
474
747
359
388

314
9,546
1,702
7,844

2,127
2,334
789
1,545

232
4,291
42
4,249

1,310
1,417
297
1,120

106
294
121
173

1,658
662

2,999
5,691
12
5,679
4,118
1,375

275
7,291
75
7,216
4,134
1,315

115
1,833

14
700

1,834
401
261

700
198
28

662
129
21

1,758
1,482
230

18
3

955
955

13
33
765

2,460

616

3
61
47
13

1,648
855
440
414

448
1,759
268
1,491

3
19
11
7

18

17
359
40
319
84
54

46
252
29
223
54
43

1,127

511

495
4
491
265
62

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Paid absences
Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Unpaid absences

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985

3,593
1,044
1,354
189
46
960

3,945
1,447
1,220
256
41
981

3,418
1,017
1,313
121
46
921

3,802
1,418
1,190
201
41
951

1,424
756
481

1,603
974
417

1,441
164
673

186

212

604

1,667
295
663
(2)
(2)
708

Men 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

1,891
615
670
606

2,247
886
671
690

1,732
589
636
507

2,124
862
647
615

760
469
232
58

940
639
218
83

641
72
319
250

844
146
352
346

Women 16 vears and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

1,702
429
684
589

1,698
561
549
589

1,687
427
677
581

1,678
556
543
579

665
287
249
128

663
335
199
129

799
92
353
354

823
149
311
363

Total 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

... .

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
December 1985
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

104,118

2,666

101,452

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

25,563
911
4,461
13,040
7,151

872
52
225
384
211

24,691
859
4,236
12,656
6,940

24.6
.9
4.3
12.5
6.9

32.7
2.0
8.4
14.4
7.9

24.3
3
4.2
12.5
6.8

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

78,555
7,073
42,494
28,988
10,538
10,754
7,696

1,794
124
542
1,128
217
353
558

76,760
6,949
41,952
27,859
10,320
10,401
7,138

75.4
6.8
40.8
27.8
10.1
10.3
7.4

67.3
4.7
20.3
42.3
8.1
13.2
20.9

75.7
6.8
41.4
27.5
10.2
10.3
7.0

38.9
43.4

41.7
48.7

38.8
43.3

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

38



Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

25,563

7,230

18,334

24,691

6,875

17,818

5,402
2,424
41
151
68
2,718

1,655
1,395
41
151
68
-

3,747
1,029
-

5,172
2,256
41
150
68
2,655

1,559
1,299
41
150
68
-

3,613
957
-

20,161
12,400
1,242
1,581
999
9
351
1,508
2,070

5,574
_
1,242
1,453
999
9
351
_
1,520

14,587
12,400
128
-

5,315
1,231
1,427
840
9
349
1,460

14,204
12,107
128
-

1,508
550

19,519
12,107
1,231
1,555
840
9
349
1,477
1,952

21.9
20.9

24.1
26.2

20.9
18.9

22.0
21.0

24.3
26.4

21.0
19.0

1 636
5,515

735
2,939

901
2,576

1,577
5,363

709
2,849

868
2,514

_
2,718

2,655

1,477
492

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985

Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48
or less
hours

49 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

101,452

5,172

14,204

82,076

54,217

10,320

17,539

38.8

43.3

93,854

4,636

12,828

76,390

51,657

9,742

14,991

38.6

42.9

819

17

12

790

444

98

248

45.2

46.1

5,376

405

289

4,682

3,378

477

827

38.8

41.6

19,617

18,421

12,307
7,532
4,773

2,861
1,779
1,082

3,253
1,998
1,256

41.6
41.9
41.0

42.8
42.8
42.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

11,822
7,795

579
241
339

617
272
345

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,054
20,259
6,369

242
1,548
126

393
4,862
617

6,419
13,849
5,626

4,259
8,403
3,989

810
2,022
683

1,350
3,424
954

41.4
36.5
39.6

43.5
43.9
42.2

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

29,385
1,098
28,287
4,975

1,663
217
1,446
54

5,803
494
5,309
236

21,919
387
21,532
4,685

15,315
259
15,056
3,563

2,323
33
2,290
468

4,281
95
4,186
654

36.7
25.3
37.1
40.7

42.7
46.1
42.6
42.1

7,341
257

528
8

1,267
110

5,546
139

2,480
80

571
6

2,495
53

40.9
35.7

48.2
46.4

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers




11,309
7,111

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
101,452
5,698
2,179
3,519
95,755
13,210
82,544
54,091
26,023
2,431

5,172
489
68
422
4,682
1,046
3,636
2,426
1,104
106

14,204
3,393
1,913
1,480
10,811
2,257
8,554
4,653
2,711
1,190

82,076
1,816
198
1,617
80,262
9,907
70,354
47,012
22,208
1,135

54,217
1,414
164
1,250
52,804
7,135
45,669
29,893
14,939
839

27,859
402
34
367
27,458
2,772
24,685
17,119
7,269
296

38.8
24.3
17.2
28.8
39.6
36.5
40.1
40.7
40.1
28.6

43.3
40.1
36.6
40.5
43.3
41.9
43.5
43.7
43.4
41.9

Men, 16 years and over ,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,390
2,768
1,057
1,711
52,622
6,770
45,852
29,732
14,731
1,389

2,242
209
38
170
2,032
518
1,516
1,046
419
49

4,162
1,580
902
677
2,582
935
1,647
569
489
589

48,986
979
117
864
48,008
5,317
42,689
28,117
13,823
751

29,060
737
91
647
28,324
3,536
24,788
15,814
8,437
539

19,926
242
26
217
19,684
1,781
17,901
12,303
5,386
212

41.8
25.6
18.1
30.2
42.6
38.0
43.3
43.9
43.2
30.7

44.6
40.8
38.3
41.1
44.7
42.9
44.9
45.2
44.6
42.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

46,062
2,929
1,122
1,808
43,133
6,441
36,692
24,358
11,291
1,042

2,930
281
29
251
2,649
529
2,122
1,379
684
57

10,042
1,813
1,010
803
8,229
1,322
6,907
4,085
2,221
601

33,090
835
83
754
32,255
4,590
27,663
18,894
8,386
384

25,156
675
74
603
24,481
3,600
20,879
14,077
6,502
299

7,934
160
9
151
7,774
990
6,784
4,817
1,884
85

35.2
23.1
16.3
27.4
36.0
34.8
36.2
36.8
36.0
25.7

41.2
39.4
34.2
39.9
41.3
40.8
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.4

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

88,441
48,870
39,571

4,198
1,824
2,375

12,903
3,736
9,167

71,340
43,310
28,029

45,755
24,820
20,935

25,585
18,490
7,094

38.9
42.0
35.0

43.5
44.9
41.4

Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women

10,143
4,973
5,171

838
347
491

919
309
610

8,386
4,317
4,070

6,769
3,331
3,440

1,617
986
630

37.7
39.4
36.1

41.2
42.2
40.1

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

36,245
5,331
13,814

987
275
980

1,192
222
2,748

34,066
4,834
10,086

19,425
2,901
6,734

14,641
1,933
3,352

43.7
42.3
36.5

45.1
44.6
43.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ,
Single (never married)

25,793
8,876
11,393

1,459
669
802

5,889
1,085
3,068

18,445
7,122
7,523

14,187
5,256
5,712

4,258
1,866
1,811

35.1
37.6
33.5

41.0
41.8
41.2

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

40




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1985
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

101,393

5,165

14,211

82,017

54,118

10,342

17,557

38.8

43.3

25,457
11,934
13,523
32,916
3,257
12,603
17,056
14,263
931
1,730
11,602
12,582
16,175
7,579
4,222
4,374

461
137
325
1,326
65
701
559
1,592
169
39
1,383
635
1,152
440
270
442

2,389
561
1,828
5,864
323
2,594
2,947
4,135
431
145
3,558
437
1,386
336
310
740

22,607
11,237
11,370
25,726
2,868
9,309
13,549
8,537
330
1,546
6,661
11,510
13,637
6,804
3,642
3,192

13,016
6,056
6,960
17,913
2,107
4,936
10,870
6,349
224
939
5,185
7,535
9,306
4,905
2,014
2,387

2,849
1,401
1,448
3,025
366
1,222
1,438
869
26
224
620
1,663
1,936
1,027
538
372

6,742
3,780
2,962
4,788
396
3,151
1,242
1,319
81
383
856
2,312
2,395
872
1,090
433

42.0
44.3
40.0
37.6
39.4
39.0
36.2
33.0
25.4
42.4
32.2
41.1
39.3
39.9
42.2
35.6

44.9
45.7
44.0
42.5
41.9
45.7
40.5
42.4
45.7
45.2
41.5
43.0
42.8
41.9
45.6
41.4

55,236

2,229

4,132

48,875

28,934

6,589

13,351

41.8

44.6

14,530
7,691
6,839
11,645
1,736
6,515
3,394
5,689
37
1,504
4,147
11,518
11,854
4,463
3,811
3,579

198
86
112
296
19
175
101
422
3
21
399
574
739
177
211
352

645
210
435
1,103
96
624
383
1,124
20
79
1,024
328
933
128
200
605

13,688
7,395
6,292
10,247
1,620
5,716
2,911
4,143
14
1,404
2,724
10,616
10,182
4,159
3,401
2,622

6,977
3,560
3,417
5,592
1,119
2,442
2,031
2,864
9
843
2,012
6,873
6,627
2,827
1,861
1,939

1,731
918
813
1,371
227
762
382
476

44.8
46.0
43.5
42.4
41.3
44.3
39.1
36.9

46.4
46.9
45.7
45.5
42.9
47.8
42.5
43.5

204
271
1,533
1,478
675
501
303

4,979
2,917
2,062
3,283
274
2,512
497
803
5
357
441
2,210
2,076
656
1,039
381

O

O

43.8
34.5
41.4
40.2
41.3
43.1
35.7

45.5
42.5
43.2
43.5
42.7
45.8
41.6

46,157

2,936

10,079

33,142

25,183

3,753

4,205

35.2

41.2

10,927
4,243
6,683
21,270
1,521
6,088
13,661
8,575
893
227
7,455
1,064
4,321
3,116
410
794

263
51
212
1,030
46
526
458
1,170
166
19
985
61
412
263
59
90

1,744
350
1,393
4,762
227
1,970
2,564
3,011
411
66
2,534
109
453
208
110
135

8,920
3,842
5,077
15,479
1,248
3,592
10,638
4,394
316
142
3,936
894
3,456
2,645
241
569

6,039
2,496
3,543
12,320
988
2,494
8,838
3,484
215
96
3,173
661
2,679
2,078
153
448

1,118
483
635
1,654
138
459
1,056
394
26
20
348
130
458
352
37
69

1,763
863
900
1,505
122
639
744
516
75
26
415
102
319
216
51
52

38.3
41.3
36.4
35.0
37.3
33.4
35.5
30.5
25.4
33.3
31.0
37.9
37.1
38.0
33.7
35.2

42.6
43.4
42.0
40.6
40.7
42.2
40.0
41.2
45.5
42.3
40.9
41.4
40.8
40.6
43.4
40.7

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1984

1985

Employment status and sex
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

179,004
116,202
64.9
107,946
60.3
1,698
106,248
3,387
102,861
8,256
7.1
62,802

179,081
116,451
65.0
108,012
60.3
1,697
106,315
3,319
102,996
8,439
7.2
62,630

179,219
116,685
65.1
108,290
60.4
1,703
106,587
3,325
103,262
8,395
7.2
62,534

179,368
117,036
65.2
108,652
60.6
1,701
106,951
3,314
103,637
8,384
7.2
62,332

179,501
116,958
65.2
108,574
60.5
1,702
106,872
3,353
103,519
8,384
7.2
62,543

179,649
117,044
65.2
108,644
60.5
1,705
106,939
3,284
103,655
8,400
7.2
62,605

179,798
116,726
64.9
108,303
60.2
1,702
106,601
3,140
103,461
8,423
7.2
63,072

179,967
116,976
65.0
108,575
60.3
1,704
106,871
3,120
103,751
8,401
7.2
62,991

180,131
117,069
65.0
108,936
60.5
1,726
107,210
3,095
104,115
8,133
6.9
63,062

180,304
117,522
65.2
109,251
60.6
1,732
107,519
3,017
104,502
8,271
7.0
62,782

180,470
117,814
65.3
109,513
60.7
1,700
107,813
3,058
104,755
8,301
7.0
62,656

180,642
117,832
65.2
109,671
60.7
1,702
107,969
3,070
104,899
8,161
6.9
62,810

180,810
117,927
65.2
109,904
60.8
1,698
108,206
3,151
105,055
8,023
6.8
62,883

85,607
65,821
76.9
61,238
71.5
1,550
59,688
4,583
7.0
19,786

85,629
65,737
76.8
61,163
71.4
1,549
59,614
4,574
7.0
19,892

85,692
65,782
76.8
61,207
71.4
1,554
59,653
4,575
7.0
19,910

85,764
65,898
76.8
61,381
71.6
1,553
59,828
4,517
6.9
19,866

85,827
65,929
76.8
61,373
71.5
1,553
59,820
4,556
6.9
19,898

85,898
66,012
76.8
61,498
71.6
1,556
59,942
4,514
6.8
19,886

85,970
65,808
76.5
61,175
71.2
1,552
59,623
4,633
7.0
20,162

86,052
65,884
76.6
61,273
71.2
1,554
59,719
4,611
7.0
20,168

86,132
65,945
76.6
61,510
71.4
1,574
59,936
4,435
6.7
20,187

86,217
66,074
76.6
61,629
71.5
1,580
60,049
4,445
6.7
20,143

86,293
66,227
76.7
61,656
71.4
1,551
60,105
4,571
6.9
20,066

86,374
66,176
76.6
61,731
71.5
1,552
60,179
4,445
6.7
20,198

86,459
66,139
76.5
61,793
71.5
1,549
60,244
4,346
6.6
20,320

93,397
50,381
53.9
46,708
50.0
148
46,560
3,673
7.3
43,016

93,452
50,714
54.3
46,849
50.1
148
46,701
3,865
7.6
42,738

93,527
50,903
54.4
47,083
50.3
149
46,934
3,820
7.5
42,624

93,603
51,138
54.6
47,271
50.5
148
47,123
3,867
7.6
42,465

93,674
51,029
54.5
47,201
50.4
149
47,052
3,828
7.5
42,645

93,751
51,032
54.4
47,146
50.3
149
46,997
3,886
7.6
42,719

93,828
50,918
54.3
47,128
50.2
150
46,978
3,790
7.4
42,910

93,915
51,092
54.4
47,302
50.4
150
47,152
3,790
7.4
42,823

93,999
51,124
54.4
47,426
50.5
152
47,274
3,698
7.2
42,875

94,087
51,448
54.7
47,622
50.6
152
47,470
3,826
7.4
42,639

94,177
51,587
54.8
47,857
50.8
149
47,708
3,730
7.2
42,590

94,266
51,655
54.8
47,939
50.9
149
47,790
3,716
7.2
42,611

94,351
51,788
54.9
48,111
51.0
149
47,962
3,677
7.1
42,563

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).

42




NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1984
Dec.

1985
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

177,306 177,384 177,516 177,667 177,799 177,944 178,096 178,263 178,405 178,572 178,770 178,940 179,112
114,504 114,754 114,982 115,335 115,256 115,339 115,024 115,272 115,343 115,790 116,114 116,130 116,229
64.9
64.9
65.0
64.8
64.7
64.8
64.7
64.8
64.8
64.6
64.7
64.6
64.9
106,248 106,315 106,587 106,951 106,872 106,939 106,601 106,871 107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206
60.4
60.3
60.1
60.3
60.2
60.1
59.9
60.0
60.1
59.9
60.0
59.9
60.2
8,023
8,133
8,161
8,301
8,271
8,256 8,439 8,395 8,384 8,384 8,400 8,423 8,401
7.1
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

76,753
60,106
78.3
56,331
73.4
2,486
53,845
3,775
6.3
16,647

76,760
59,997
78.2
56,231
73.3
2,409
53,822
3,766
6.3
16,763

76,829
60,037
78.1
56,274
73.2
2,368
53,906
3,763
6.3
16,792

76,904
60,154
78.2
56,411
73.4
2,329
54,082
3,743
6.2
16,750

76,988
60,165
78.1
56,390
73.2
2,358
54,032
3,775
6.3
16,823

77,068
60,240
78.2
56,544
73.4
2,352
54,192
3,696
6.1
16,828

77,135
60,246
78.1
56,384
73.1
2,260
54,124
3,862
6.4
16,889

77,243
60,158
77.9
56,403
73.0
2,230
54,173
3,755
6.2
17,085

77,306
60,269
78.0
56,636
73.3
2,231
54,405
3,633
6.0
17,037

77,389
60,407
78.1
56,751
73.3
2,171
54,580
3,656
6.1
16,982

77,498
60,526
78.1
56,849
73.4
2,188
54,661
3,677
6.1
16,972

77,566
60,553
78.1
56,897
73.4
2,210
54,687
3,656
6.0
17,013

77,651
60,548
78.0
56,982
73.4
2,278
54,704
3,566
5.9
17,103

85,995
46,477
54.0
43,475
50.6
590
42,885
3,002
6.5
39,518

86,015
46,753
54.4
43,593
50.7
593
43,000
3,160
6.8
39,262

86,086
46,853
54.4
43,713
50.8
606
43,107
3,140
6.7
39,233

86,181
47,095
54.6
43,927
51.0
630
43,297
3,168
6.7
39,086

86,274
47,103
54.6
43,925
50.9
633
43,292
3,178
6.7
39,171

86,380
47,082
54.5
43,883
50.8
600
43,283
3,199
6.8
39,298

86,477
47,185
54.6
44,033
50.9
572
43,461
3,152
6.7
39,292

86,575
47,190
54.5
44,070
50.9
596
43,474
3,120
6.6
39,385

86,652
47,340
54.6
44,197
51.0
581
43,616
3,143
6.6
39,312

86,727
47,558
54.8
44,363
51.2
557
43,806
3,195
6.7
39,169

86,810
47,663
54.9
44,609
51.4
609
44,000
3,054
6.4
39,147

86,901
47,713
54.9
44,656
51.4
591
44,065
3,057
6.4
39,188

86,988
47,870
55.0
44,882
51.6
597
44,285
2,988
6.2
39,118

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

14,557 14,610 14,600 14,582 14,538 14,496 14,483 14,445 14,448 14,456 14,463 14,472 14,474
7,593 7,924 7,734 7,825 7,925 7,864 7,811
7,921
8,004 8,092 8,086 7,988 8,017
54.0
54.3
54.8
54.1
53.5
52.4
54.9
55.3
54.9
54.4
54.8
55.4
55.5
6,342
6,184
6,398 6,377 6,405 6,355 6,416
6,557 6,512
6,600 6,613
6,442 6,491
43.8
44.3
43.9
44.1
44.3
42.7
44.3
44.9
45.4
45.1
44.4
45.2
44.3
276
269
261
289
283
294
332
362
317
308
355
311
351
6,066
6,094 6,147
6,094 6,116
6,180
6,174
5,876 6,104
6,249 6,258 6,195
6,131
1,469
1,448
1,570
1,420
1,357
1,505
1,431
1,513
1,526
1,409
1,473
1,492
1,479
18.8
18.4
19.8
18.1
17.5
19.3
18.6
18.8
17.9
18.9
18.4
18.2
18.7
6,538 6,608 6,663
6,631
6,714
6,636 6,606 6,508 6,496 6,550 6,479 6,890 6,521

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1985. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1985

1984
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

52,734 53,103 53,191 53,296 53,388 53,489 53,597 53,717 53,819 53,938 54,082 54,203 54,327
99,044 99,358 99,612 99,862 99,718 99,771 99,527 99,705 99,817 00,179 00,533 00,478 00,533
65.1
65.2
65.2
65.1
64.9
64.9
64.8
65.0
65.0
65.1
64.9
64.8
65.0
92,871 93,040 93,414 93,617 93,470 93,574 93,132 93,378 93,684 94,055 94,369 94,507 94,585
61.3
61.3
61.2
61.1
60.9
60.7
60.6
61.0
60.9
61.1
60.8
60.8
61.0
5,948
5,971
6,164
6,124
6,133
6,327
6,395
6,197
6,248
6,318
6,245
6,173
6,198
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

52,673 52,674 52,727 52,802 52,825 52,877 52,870 52,752 52,877 52,983 53,105 53,125 53,097
78.4
78.5
78.6
78.5
78.4
78.2
78.5
78.6
78.6
78.5
78.6
78.6
78.8
49,795 49,778 49,881 49,961 49,947 50,114 49,848 49,815 50,050 50,207 50,339 50,380 50,408
74.4
74.5
74.4
74.5
74.2
73.9
74.0
74.5
74.3
74.4
74.3
74.2
74.5
2,689
2,745
2,827 2,776 2,766
2,878 2,763 3,022 2,937
2,878 2,896 2,846 2,841
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

39,467 39,745 39,866 40,059 40,003 39,978 40,080 40,131 40,254 40,403 40,549 40,538 40,659
54.4
54.3
54.2
54.3
53.9
54.0
53.9
53.8
53.9
54.0
53.7
53.4
53.8
37,262 37,413 37,598 37,715 37,677 37,648 37,760 37,840 37,964 38,096 38,317 38,366 38,475
51.5
51.4
51.3
51.1
50.8
50.9
51.0
50.8
50.7
50.8
50.5
50.7
50.4
2,184
2,307 2,232 2,172
2,291
2,290
2,320
2,326 2,330
2,205 2,332 2,268 2,344
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,904
57.6
5,814
48.5
1,090
15.8
16.3
15.2

6,939
57.9
5,849
48.8
1,090
15.7
16.1
15.3

7,019
58.6
5,935
49.6
1,084
15.4
16.8
14.0

7,001
58.6
5,941
49.7
1,060
15.1
15.6
14.7

6,890
57.8
5,846
49.0
1,044
15.2
15.7
14.5

6,916
58.1
5,812
48.9
1,104
16.0
16.7
15.1

6,577
55.3
5,524
46.5
1,053
16.0
16.7
15.,

6,822
57.5
5,723
48.2
1,099
16.1
17.1
15.0

6,686
56.4
5,670
47.8
1,016
15.2
17.2
13.0

6,793
57.3
5,752
48.5
1,041
15.3
16.2
14.4

6,879
58.0
5,713
48.2
1,166
17.0
18.5
15.3

6,815
57.4
5,761
48.6
1,054
15.5
15.8
15.1

6,777
57.1
5,702
48.1
1,075
15.9
16.2
15.5

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,513 19,518 19,541 19,569 19,594 19,620 19,646 19,675 19,700 19,728 19,761 19,790 19,819
12,263 12,305 12,299 12,294 12,364 12,37; 12,317 12,354 12,289 12,378 12,412 12,457 12,522
63.2
62.9
62.8
62.7
62.4
62.8
62.7
63.1
63.1
62.8
62.9
63.0
62.8
10,410 10,451 10,333 10,422 10,489 10,466 10,538 10,499 10,560 10,500 10,566 10,518 10,657
53.8
53.1
53.5
53.2
53.6
53.4
53.6
53.3
53.5
53.3
52.9
53.5
53.3
1,865
1,939
1,846
1,878
1,729
1,855
1,779
1,906
1,875
1,872
1,966
1,854
1,853
14.9
15.6
14.9
15.2
14.1
15.0
14.4
15.4
15.
15.1
15.1
16.0
15.,

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,743
74.
4,975
64.7
768
13.4

5,70i
74.4
4,964
64.8
738
12.9

5,747
74.9
4,932
64.3
815
14.;

5,703
74.,
4,943
64.3
760
13.3

5,714
74.i
4,95;
64.3
76;
13.3

5,754
74.6
4,985
64.6
769
13.4

5,731
74.
5,017
65.0
714
12.5

5,74!
74.;
5,01;
64.8
733
12.8

5,747
74.;
5,06;
65.3
685
11.9

5,788
74.6
5,019
64.7
769
13.3

5,778
74.3
4,987
64.1
791
13.7

5,772
74.1
4,983
63.9
789
13.7

5,797
74.2
5,035
64.5
762
13.1

5,674
58.6
4,939
51.0
735
13.0

5,70
58.9
4,963
51.3
744
13.0

5,658
58.3
4,883
50.3
775
13.7

5,689
58.6
4,951
51.0
738
13.0

5,74!
59.0
4,988
51.3
757
13.;

5,709
58.6
4,939
50.7
770
13.5

5,72
58.
5,001
51.2
726
12.7

5,701
58.3
4,953
50.6
748
13.1

5,696
58.1
4,951
50.5
745
13.1

5,724
58.3
4,951
50.5
773
13.5

5,72
58.3
5,032
51.;
695
12.1

5,810
59.0
5,017
50.9
793
13.6

5,835
59.2
5,102
51.7
733
12.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

44




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1984
Dec.

1985
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

846
39.6
496
23.2
350
41.4
43.5
38.9

896
41.2
524
24.1
372
41.5
43.9
38.9

902
41.6
528
24.3
374
41.5
41.1
41.9

894
41.1
518
23.8
376
42.1
40.9
43.3

905
41.8
549
25.4
356
39.3
39.4
39.3

909
42.1
542
25.1
367
40.4
39.3
41.5

908
42.1
534
24.8
374
41.2
43.1
39.0

859
39.8
520
24.1
339
39.5
41.0
37.8

846
39.3
547
25.4
299
35.3
34.9
35.9

866
40.2
530
24.6
336
38.8
41.1
36.1

907
42.2
547
25.4
360
39.7
41.0
38.2

875
40.7
518
24.1
357
40.8
45.2
36.0

890
41.5
520
24.2
370
41.6
41.0
42.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11,332 11,363 11,394 11,425 11,457 11,485 11,514 11,544 11,573 11,601 11,630 11,660 11,690
7,417 7,462 7,529 7,584 7,589 7,519 7,506
7,467 7,289 7,355 7,380 7,360 7,371
64.2
64.6
64.1
65.9
65.3
65.4
64.4
64.2
64.6
64.5
65.1
64.6
64.2
6,594 6,586 6,630 6,644 6,748 6,794 6,745 6,719 6,725
6,693 6,519 6,620 6,621
57.4
58.0
58.1
59.1
57.5
57.6
58.0
58.3
57.6
57.3
57.6
58.6
57.6
770
774
781
844
787
759
800
790
781
818
785
766
735
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.6
11.1
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.4
10.0
10.6
11.0

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
2

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional
information.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1984

1985

Category
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

106,248 106,315 106,587 106,951 106,872 106,939 106,601 106,871 107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206
39,399 39,402 39,324 39,467 39,362 39,260 38,966 39,096 39,142 39,103 39,272 39,314 39,278
26,047 25,970 26,079 26,163 26,087 26,036 26,174 26,316 26,392 26,531 26,702 26,721 26,804
5,409 5,567 5,533 5,600 5,603 5,626 5,643 5,607 5,627 5,556 5,514 5,605 5,693

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,699
1,474
223

1,598
1,523
222

1,597
1,508
229

1,596
1,502
223

1,653
1,493
219

1,582
1,498
196

1,530
1,451
159

1,479
1,474
170

1,456
1,444
176

1,438
1,414
179

1,465
1,436
172

1,537
1,361
158

1,572
1,409
164

94,740
15,858
78,882
1,266
77,616
7,789
340

95,086
15,820
79,266
1,364
77,902
7,753
336

95,235
15,957
79,278
1,288
77,990
7,694
336

95,606
15,969
79,637
1,225
78,412
7,764
321

95,493
15,955
79,538
1,218
78,320
7,717
305

95,660
15,936
79,724
1,255
78,469
7,711
290

95,391
16,000
79,391
1,228
78,163
7,728
292

95,523
15,949
79,574
1,251
78,323
7,724
277

95,791
16,075
79,716
1,295
78,421
7,874
303

96,546
16,145
80,401
1,266
79,135
7,846
266

96,530
16,213
80,317
1,271
79,046
7,991
248

96,676
16,157
80,519
1,197
79,322
8,013
249

96,921
16,194
80,727
1,131
79,596
7,903
250

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,790 5,638 5,356 5,682 5,690 5,876 5,544 5,596 5,680 5,554 5,475 5,498 5,494
2,599 2,473 2,244 2,585 2,567 2,607 2,524 2,414 2,480 2,433 2,251 2,306 2,303
2,871 2,751
2,766 2,835 2,815 2,897 2,883 2,864
2,830 2,817 2,763 2,767
2,851
13,293 13,343 13,524 13,517 13,356 13,078 13,439 13,634 13,622 13,496 13,713 13,645 13,556

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,295 5,294
5,402 5,550 5,278 5,328 5,413 5,299 5,241
5,392 5,098 5,421
5,611
2,319 2,292 2,115 2,196 2,195
2,496 2,320 2,073 2,397 2,380 2,418 2,334 2,251
2,767 2,735 2,732 2,670 2,679 2,785 2,675 2,686 2,740 2,730 2,8C1 2,784 2,760
12,831 12,859 13,057 13,016 12,926 12,612 12,995 13,235 13,179 13,053 13,277 13,194 13,122

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1984

1985

Sex and age
Dec.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

106,248 106,315 106,587 106,951 106,872 106,939 106,601 106,871 107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206
20,672
6,442
2,461
3,984
14,230
85,537
71,299
14,262

20,654
6,491
2,501
4,014
14,163
85,667
71,450
14,243

20,683
6,600
2,563
4,011
14,083
85,910
71,611
14,263

20,637
6,613
2,580
4,050
14,024
86,361
71,850
14,419

20,612
6,557
2,505
4,030
14,055
86,287
71,994
14,315

20,496
6,512
2,501
4,002
13,984
86,416
72,082
14,279

20,145
6,184
2,399
3,819
13,961
86,447
72,175
14,299

20,288
6,398
2,484
3,888
13,890
86,650
72,425
14,201

20,270
6,377
2,489
3,857
13,893
86,919
72,623
14,305

20,351
6,405
2,487
3,930
13,946
87,157
72,945
14,231

20,307
6,355
2,458
3,913
13,952
87,477
73,164
14,336

20,308
6,416
"2,487
3,910
13,892
87,665
73,384
14,297

20,303
6,342
2,466
3,887
13,961
87,877
73,668
14,248

59,688 59,614 59,653 59,828 59,820 59,942 59,623 59,719 59,936 60,049 60,105 60,179 60,244
10,890 10,837 10,765 10,771 10,832 10,753 10,555 10,595 10,604 10,632 10,543 10,590 10,584
3,357 3,383 3,379 3,417 3,430 3,398 3,239 3,316 3,300 3,298 3,256 3,282 3,262
1,301
1,349
1,321
1,313
1,304
1,284
1,316
1,238
1,308
1,280
1,307
1,296
1,289
2,057 2,083
2,049 2,090 2,081 2,078 2,020 2,018
1,988 i 2,008 1,993
1,957
1,984
7,533 7,454 7,386 7,354 7,402 7,355 7,316
7,279 7,3041 7,334 7,287 7,308 7,322
48,763 48,787 48,895 49,095 49,043 49,177 49,030 49,163 49,323 49,398 49,532 49,596 49,636
40,396 40,366 40,451 40,518 40,571 40,739 40,593 40,758 40,844 40,971 41,081 41,144 41,244
8,384 8,419 8,420 8,516
8,465 8,427 8,458 8,366 8,475 8,459 8,483 8,461
8,424
46,560 46,701 46,934 47,123 47,052 46,997 46,978 47,152 47,274 47,470 47,708 47,790 47,962
9,782 9,817 9,918 9,866 9,780 9,743 9,590 9,693 9,666 9,719 9,764 9,718 9,719
3,085 3,108 3,221
3,196 3,127 3,114
2,945 3,082 3,077 3,107
3,099 3,134 3,080
1,197
1,160
1,259
1,250
1,156
1,161
1,185
1,178
1,180
1,205
1,188
1,179
1,177
1,927
1,931
1,949
1,960
1,962
1,924
1,869
1,870
1,799
1,953
1,920
1,922
1,903
6,697 6,709 6,697 6,670 6,653 6,629 6,645 6,611
6,589 6,612 6,665 6,584 6,639
36,774 36,880 37,015 37,266 37,244 37,239 37,417 37,487 37,596 37,759 37,945 38,069 38,241
30,903 31,084 31,160 31,332 31,423 31,343 31,582 31,667 31,779 31,974 32,083 32,240 32,424
5,878 5,824 5,843 5,903 5,850 5,852 5,841
5,835 5,830 5,772 5,853 5,836 5,824

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1984
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over




June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

8,256

8,439

8,395

8,384

8,384

8,400

8,423

8,401

8,133

8,271

8,301

8,161

8,023

3,248
1,479
650
843
1,769
5,004
4,370
612

3,252
1,513
666
839
1,739
5,195
4,578
630

3,274
1,492
656
842
1,782
5,124
4,525
600

3,231
1,473
668
800
1,758
5,147
4,549
604

3,182
1,431
656
783
1,751
5,222
4,638
611

3,340
1,505
674
824
1,835
5,035
4,423
634

3,167
1,409
661
750
1,758
5,280
4,613
642

3,270
1,526
687
812
1,744
5,125
4,513
655

3,041
1,357
586
777
1,684
5,077
4,480
615

3,132
1,420
632
786
1,712
5,176
4,522
604

3,274
1,570
721
846
1,704
5,004
4,402
589

3,170
1,448
678
795
1,722
4,987
4,384
570

3,123
1,469
660
822
1,654
4,890
4,301
573

4,583

4,574

4,575

4,517

4,556

4,514

4,633

4,611

4,435

4,445

4,571

4,445

4,346

1,796
808
332
485
988
2,791
2,386
384

1,754
808
353
457
946
2,828
2,461
379

1,797
812
355
461
985
2,780
2,420
364

1,746
774
366
401
972
2,766
2,414
347

1,736
781
367
421
955
2,838
2,510
356

1,848
818
376
443
1,030
2,629
2,286
362

1,745
771
373
397
974
2,887
2,502
391

1,811
856
368
463
955
2,786
2,420
399

1,696
802
360
440
894
2,744
2,405
338

1,696
789
341
450
907
2,779
2,393
352

1,800
894
405
494
906
2,761
2,381
361

1,710
789
345
449
921
2,736
2,359
353

1,649
780
355
435
869
2,694
2,339
339

3,673

3,865

3,820

3,867

3,828

3,886

3,790

3,790

3,698

3,826

3,730

3,716

3,677

1,452
671
318
358
781
2,213
1,984
228

1,498
705
313
382
793
2,367
2,117
251

1,477
680
301
381
797
2,344
2,105
236

1,485
699
302
399
786
2,381
2,135
257

1,446
650
289
362
796
2,384
2,128
255

1,492
687
298
381
805
2,406
2,137
27;

1,422
638
288
353
784
2,393
2,111
251

1,459
670
319
349
789
2,339
2,093
256

1,345
555
226
337
790
2,333
2,075
277

1,436
631
291
336
805
2,397
2,129
25;

1,474
676
316
35;
798
2,243
2,021
228

1,460
659
333
346
801
2,251
2,025
217

1,474
689
305
387
785
2,196
1,962
234

N O T E : Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

46

May

Jan.

Dec.

Mar.

Apr.

Feb.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1984

1985

Sex and age
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7.2

7.4

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

13.6
18.7
20.9
17.5
11.1
5.5
5.8
4.1

13.6
18.9
21.0
17.3
10.9
5.7
6.0
4.2

13.7
18.4
20.4
17.4
11.2
5.6
5.9
4.0

13.5
18.2
20.6
16.5
11.1
5.6
6.0
4.0

13.4
17.9
20.8
16.3
11.1
5.7
6.1
4.1

14.0
18.8
21.2
17.1
11.6
5.5
5.8
4.3

13.6
18.6
21.6
16.4
11.2
5.8
6.0
4.3

13.9
19.3
21.7
17.3
11.2
5.6
5.9
4.4

13.0
17.5
19.1
16.8
10.8
5.5
5.8
4.1

13.3
18.1
20.3
16.7
10.9
5.6
5.8
4.1

13.9
19.8
22.7
17.8
10.9
5.4
5.7
3.9

13.5
18.4
21.4
16.9
11.0
5.4
5.6
3.8

13.3
18.8
21.1
17.5
10.6
5.3
5.5
3.9

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.0

7.2

7.2

6.9

6.9

7.1

6.9

6.7

14.2
19.4
20.3
19.1
11.6
5.4
5.6
4.4

13.9
19.3
21.3
18.0
11.3
5.5
5.7
4.3

14.3
19.4
21.3
18.4
11.8
5.4
5.6
4.1

13.9
18.5
21.7
16.1
11.7
5.3
5.6
3.9

13.8
18.5
21.4
16.8
11.4
5.5
5.8
4.0

14.7
19.4
22.2
17.6
12.3
5.1
5.3
4.1

14.2
19.2
23.2
16.4
11.7
5.6
5.8
4.4

14.6
20.5
22.1
18.7
11.6
5.4
5.6
4.6

13.8
19.6
21.9
18.1
10.9
5.3
5.6
3.8

13.8
19.3
20.7
18.3
11.0
5.3
5.5
4.0

14.6
21.5
24.0
19.9
11.1
5.3
5.5
4.1

13.9
19.4
20.9
18.7
11.2
5.2
5.4
4.0

13.5
19.3
21.6
18.0
10.6
5.1
5.4
3.9

7.3

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.1

12.9
17.9
21.5
15.7
10.4
5.7
6.0
3.7

13.2
18.5
20.7
16.5
10.6
6.0
6.4
4.1

13.0
17.4
19.4
16.3
10.6
6.0
6.3
3.9

13.1
17.9
19.3
16.9
10.5
6.0
6.4
4.2

12.9
17.2
20.0
15.7
10.7
6.0
6.3
4.2

13.3
18.1
20.1
16.5
10.8
6.1
6.4
4.4

12.9
17.8
19.9
16.4
10.6
6.0
6.3
4.1

13.1
17.9
21.2
15.7
10.7
5.9
6.2
4.2

12.2
15.3
15.8
15.3
10.7
5.8
6.1
4.5

12.9
16.9
19.8
14.9
10.9
6.0
6.2
4.2

13.1
17.9
21.2
15.5
10.7
5.6
5.9
3.7

13.1
17.4
22.0
15.1
10.8
5.6
5.9
3.6

13.2
18.3
20.6
16.9
10.6
5.4
5.7
3.9

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1985

1984
Category

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

7.2
6.3
6.5

7.4
6.3
6.8

7.3
6.3
6.7
17.9

7.3
6.4
6.7
18.6

7.3
6.2
6.6

18.9

7.3
6.2
6.7
18.2

7.3
6.1
6.8

18.7

7.3
6.3
6.7
18.4

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7.1
6.1
6.7

7.1
6.1
6.4

18.1

19.8

7.0
6.0
6.4
18.4

6.9
5.9
6.2
18.8

Aug. Sept.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers) ..
Men 20 years and over
Women 20 years and over
Both sexes 16 to 19 years

...

18.8

19.3

7.1
6.0
6.6
17.5

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.1

6.1

5.9

5.9

13.7
15.1
10.4

13.7
15.1
10.6

14.4
16.0
10.0

13.8
15.2
10.3

13.8
15.2
10.4

13.9
15.4
10.6

13.2
14.4
10.6

13.5
15.0
11.0

12.8
14.1
10.4

13.7
15.2
10.4

13.5
14.9
11.1

14.1
15.6
10.6

13.4
14.9
10.4

Married men spouse present
Married women SDouse Dresent
Women who maintain families

4.4
5.5
9.9

4.5
5.7
10.2

4.4
5.4
10.9

4.3
5.8
10.3

4.3
5.8
10.7

4.0
5.7
10.8

4.6
5.8
9.9

4.4
5.7
10.3

4.1
5.4
10.8

4.3
5.6
11.3

4.2
5.3
10.4

4.3
5.5
10.0

4.3
5.3
9.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

6.9

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.9

7.0

6.8

6.8

6.8

9.3

8.8

9.5

9.7

9.5

9.4

9.0

9.3

9.6

2.1
8.2

6.9
10.0
2.0
8.3

6.9

9.0

2.0
8.2

2.0
8.2

2.0
8.1

2.0
8.1

2.0
7.9

6.7
8.8
1.9
7.9

6.6
9.0
1.9
7.8

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

...

2.1
8.3

2.0
8.3

2.1
8.2

2.1
8.2

7.2
10.2
13.6

7.3
10.3
13.5

7.2
10.9
13.3

7.3
10.6
13.3

7.2
7.5
11.0

7.3
10.9
13.5

7.3
9.9
13.4

7.1
8.6
13.1

7.2
8.9
13.6

7.1
7.7
13.5

7.3
7.3
7.5

7.6
7.2
8.0

7.7
7.5
8.1

7.9
7.7
8.2

7.8
7.8
7.8

7.7
7.9
7.5

7.9
7.9
7.9

7.8
7.9
7.6

7.7
7.7
7.8

7.5
7.3
7.8

5.1
7.5

5.1
7.7

7.3
10.8
13.4
7.6
7.3
8.0
5.4
7.7
5.7
13.6

4.7
7.5

5.4
7.4

5.2
7.8

5.3
7.7

5.7
7.6

4.5
7.7

5.3
7.8

5.1
7.7
5.4
12.9

INDUSTRY
Nonaaricultural Drivate waae and salarv workers
Mining
.
Construction
...
Manufacturing
Durable goods
•
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
..
Finance and service industries
Aaricultural waae and salarv workers
1

5.9

5.9

12.7

15.4

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
2




5.7

5.7

6.1

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.5

12.5

13.2

11.9

12.5

14.0

14.0

13.3

7.0
7.3
13.4
7.7
7.6
7.8
5.1
7.5
5.4
12.5

6.9

10.3
12.6
7.3
7.3
7.3

5.0
7.6
5.3
10.6

hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1984

1985

Weeks of unemployment
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3,352
2,524
2,384
983
1,401

3,627
2,540
2,247
932
1,315

3,501
2,488
2,413
1,065
1,348

3,556
2,487
2,400
1,061
1,339

3,528
2,516
2,374
1,031
1,343

3,607
2,594
2,274
1,063
1,211

3,466
2,536
2,328
1,033
1,295

3,525
2,514
2,329
1,078
1,251

3,422
2,508
2,274
1,047
1,227

3,484
2,505
2,307
1,035
1,272

3,430
2,536
2,277
1,057
1,220

3,465
2,448
2,205
894
1,311

3,374
2,460
2,188
973
1,215

17.1
7.3

15.9
6.8

16.0
7.1

15.9
7.0

16.1
6.8

15.0
6.7

15.5
6.8

15.5
7.1

15.5
7.2

15.5
6.9

15.4
7.0

15.7
6.9

15.4
6.9

100.0
40.6
30.6
28.9
11.9
17.0

100.0
43.1
30.2
26.7
11.1
15.6

100.0
41.7
29.6
28.7
12.7
16.0

100.0
42.1
29.5
28.4
12.6
15.9

100.0
41.9
29.9
28.2
12.2
16.0

100.0
42.6
30.6
26.8
12.5
14.3

100.0
41.6
30.4
27.9
12.4
15.5

100.0
42.1
30.0
27.8
12.9
14.9

100.0
41.7
30.6
27.7
12.8
15.0

100.0
42.0
30.2
27.8
12.5
15.3

100.0
41.6
30.8
27.6
12.8
14.8

100.0
42.7
30.2
27.2
11.0
16.1

100.0
42.1
30.7
27.3
12.1
15.1

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1984
Reasons for unemployment
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4,196
1 095
3,101
856
2,240
1,015

4,271
1,216
3,055
877
2,240
1,045

4,236
1,203
3,033
868
2,238
1,056

4,177
1,155
3,022
861
2,301
1,074

4,229
1,182
3,047
852
2,283
1,051

3,994
1,068
2,926
870
2,378
1,142

4,167
1,135
3,032
983
2,233
1,018

4,206
1,134
3,072
894
2,184
1,098

4,144
1,112
3,032
875
2,191
941

4,142
1,167
2,975
852
2,335
918

4,040
1,161
2,879
911
2,237
1,045

4,081
1,175
2,906
808
2,226
1,055

3,933
1,132
2,801
876
2,225
1,033

100.0
50.5
13.2
37.3
103
27.0
12.2

100.0
50.6
14.4
36.2
10.4
26.6
12.4

100.0
50.4
14.3
36.1
10.3
26.6
12.6

100.0
49.6
13.7
35.9
10.2
27.4
12.8

100.0
50.3
14.0
36.2
10.1
27.1
12.5

100.0
47.6
12.7
34.9
10.4
28.4
13.6

100.0
49.6
13.5
36.1
11.7
26.6
12.1

100.0
50.2
13.5
36.6
10.7
26.1
13.1

100.0
50.8
13.6
37.2
10.7
26.9
11.5

100.0
50.2
14.2
36.1
10.3
28.3
11.1

100.0
49.1
14.1
35.0
11.1
27.2
12.7

100.0
50.0
14.4
35.6
9.9
27.2
12.9

100.0
48.8
14.0
34.7
10.9
27.6
12.8

3.7
.7
2.0
.9

3.7
.8
2.0
.9

3.7
.8
1.9
.9

3.6
.7
2.0
.9

3.7
.7
2.0
.9

3.5
.8
2.1
1.0

3.6
.9
1.9
.9

3.6
.8
1.9
1.0

3.6
.8
1.9
.8

3.6
.7
2.0
.8

3.5
.8
1.9
.9

3.5
.7
1.9
.9

3.4
.8
1.9
.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
.

...
....

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

....

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

48




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-42. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1982

1983

1984

1985

Employment status and sex
IV

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

174,710
112,590
64.4
100,799
57.7
1,664
99,135
3,475
95,660
11,791
10.5
62,120

175,170
112,308
64.1
100,820
57.6
1,665
99,155
3,400
95,755
11,488
10.2
62,862

175,626
112,865
64.3
101,592
57.8
1,669
99,923
3,383
96,539
11,273
10.0
62,761

176,129
113,770
64.6
103,299
58.6
1,680
101,619
3,433
98,186
10,471
9.2
62,359

176,639
113,831
64.4
104,290
59.0
1,689
102,600
3,308
99,292
9,541
8.4
62,808

177,364
114,221
64.4
105,357
59.4
1,685
103,671
3,305
100,366
8,865
7.8
63,143

177,816
115,232
64.8
106,715
60.0
1,691
105,024
3,350
101,675
8,517
7.4
62,584

178,305
115,522
64.8
107,078
60.1
1,710
105,368
3,319
102,048
8,444
7.3
62,783

178,834
115,936
64.8
107,659
60.2
1,701
105,959
3,325
102,634
8,276
7.1
62,898

179,222
116,724
65.1
108,318
60.4
1,700
106,618
3,319
103,298
8,406
7.2
62,498

179,649
116,909
65.1
108,507
60.4
1,703
106,804
3,259
103,545
8,402
7.2
62,740

180,135
117,189
65.1
108,921
60.5
1,721
107,200
3,077
104,123
8,268
7.1
62,946

180,641
117,858
65.2
109,696
60.7
1,700
107,996
3,093
104,903
8,162
6.9
62,783

83,435
64,297
77.1
57,384
68.8
1,523
55,861
6,913
10.8
19,138

83,720
64,025
76.5
57,324
68.5
1,529
55,795
6,701
10.5
19,695

83,934
64,477
76.8
57,860
68.9
1,528
56,332
6,617
10.3
19,457

84,178
64,866
77.1
58,724
69.8
1,536
57,188
6,142
9.5
19,312

84,424
64,816
76.8
59,329
70.3
1,538
57,791
5,487
8.5
19,608

84,812
65,023
76.7
60,038
70.8
1,541
58,497
4,985
7.7
19,789

85,026
65,317
76.8
60,579
71.2
1,546
59,033
4,738
7.3
19,709

85,263
65,469
76.8
60,811
71.3
1,562
59,249
4,658
7.1
19,794

85,523
65,678
76.8
61,135
71.5
1,553
59,582
4,543
6.9
19,845

85,695
65,806
76.8
61,250
71.5
1,552
59,698
4,555
6.9
19,889

85,899
65,916
76.7
61,349
71.4
1,554
59,795
4,568
6.9
19,982

86,133
65,968
76.6
61,471
71.4
1,569
59,901
4,497
6.8
20,166

86,376
66,181
76.6
61,727
71.5
1,551
60,176
4,454
6.7
20,195

91,274
48,293
52.9
43,415
47.6
141
43,274
4,877
10.1
42,981

91,450
48,283
52.8
43,496
47.6
136
43,360
4,787
9.9
43,167

91,693
48,388
52.8
43,732
47.7
142
43,591
4,656
9.6
43,305

91,952
48,904
53.2
44,575
48.5
144
44,431
4,329
8.9
43,048

92,215
49,015
53.2
44,961
48.8
151
44,809
4,055
8.3
43,200

92,552
49,198
53.2
45,318
49.0
144
45,174
3,880
7.9
43,354

92,790
49,915
53.8
46,136
49.7
145
45,991
3,779
7.6
42,875

93,043
50,053
53.8
46,267
49.7
148
46,119
3,786
7.6
42,990

93,311
50,258
53.9
46,524
49.9
148
46,377
3,733
7.4
43,053

93,527
50,918
54.4
47,068
50.3
148
46,919
3,851
7.6
42,609

93,751
50,993
54.4
47,158
50.3
149
47,009
3,835
7.5
42,758

94,000
51,221
54.5
47,450
50.5
151
47,299
3,771
7.4
42,779

94,265
51,677
54.8
47,969
50.9
149
47,820
3,708
7.2
42,588

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).




NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-42 through A-53 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Seasonally
adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-43. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1982

1983

IV

1985

1984

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

173,046
110,926
64.1
99,135
57.3
11,791
10.6

173,505
110,643
63.8
99,155
57.1
11,488
10.4

173,957 174,449 174,950 175,679 176,125 176,595 177,133 177,522 177,946 178,414 178,941
111,196 112,090 112,142 112,536 113,541 113,812 114,235 115,024 115,206 115,468 116,158
64.9
64.7
64.8
64.7
64.5
64.5
64.1
64.4
64.1
63.9
64.3
99,923 101,619 102,600 103,671 105,024 105,368 105,959 106,618 106,804 107,200 107,996
60.4
60.1
59.6
59.0
60.1
60.0
59.8
59.7
58.6
57.4
58.3
11,273 10,471 9,541 8,865 8,517 8,444 8,276 8,406 8,402 8,268 8,162
7.0
7.5
7.9
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.4
8.5
10.1
9.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

74,105 74,434 74,712 75,018 75,325 75,786
58,340 58,180 58,657 58,986 59,026 59,334
78.3
78.4
78.5
78.6
78.2
78.7
52,552 52,539 53,084 53,864 54,427 55,189
72.8
72.3
71.8
70.6
70.9
71.1
2,448 2,427 2,434 2,479 2,374 2,384
50,104 50,113 50,649 51,385 52,053 52,806
5,788 5,641 5,574 5,122 4,599 4,145
7.0
7.8
8.7
9.7
9.5
9.9
15,765 16,254 16,055 16,032 16,299 16,452

76,074 76,356 76,660
59,612 59,808 59,981
78.2
78.3
78.4
55,684 55,951 56,234
73.4
73.3
73.2
2,432 2,426 2,431
53,252 53,525 53,803
3,928 3,857 3,747
6.2
6.4
6.6
16,462 16,548 16,679

76,831
60,063
78.2
56,305
73.3
2,369
53,937
3,757
6.3
16,768

77,064
60,217
78.1
56,439
73.2
2,323
54,116
3,778
6.3
16,847

85,895
46,366
54.0
43,280
50.4
577
42,702
3,086
6.7
39,529

86,094
46,900
54.5
43,744
50.8
610
43,135
3,156
6.7
39,194

86,377
47,123
54.6
43,947
50.9
602
43,345
3,176
6.7

77,313 77,571
60,278 60,542
78.0
78.0
56,597 56,909
73.4
73.2
2,211 2,225
54,386 54,684
3,681 3,633
6.0
6.1
17,035 17,029

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

83,346 83,594 83,900 84,227
44,115 44,248 44,364 44,871
53.3
52.9
52.9
52.9
40,139 40,302 40,586 41,364
49.1
48.4
48.2
48.2
617
615
622
599
39,540 39,680 39,971 40,747
3,976 3,946 3,778 3,506
7.8
8.5
8.9
9.0
39,231 39,346 39,536 39,356

84,554
45,057
53.3
41,761
49.4
630
41,131
3,296
7.3
39,497

84,962 85,273 85,586
45,231 45,914 46,089
53.9
53.8
53.2
42,072 42,839 42,980
50.2
49.5
50.2
590
602
611
41,470 42,228 42,390
3,158 3,075 3,109
6.7
6.7
7.0
39,731 39,359 39,497

86,651
47,363
54.7
44,210
51.0
578
43,632
3,153
6.7
39,254 39,288

86,900
47,749
54.9
44,716
51.5
599
44,117
3,033
6.4
39,151

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

15,595 15,477 15,345 15,205 15,071 14,931 14,778 14,653 14,577 14,597 14,506 14,450 14,470
8,471 8,215 8,174 8,233 8,059 7,971 8,015 7,915 7,888 8,061 7,866 7,828 7,867
54.4
54.2
54.2
54.1
55.2
53.4
54.2
54.0
53.
53.3
54.1
53.1
54.3
6,410
6,502 6,437 6,445 6,568 6,418 6,393 6,371
6,445 6,314 6,253 6,391 6,41
44.0
44.2
44.,
44.2
45.0
42.9
44.0
43.9
42.5
40.7
42.0
40.8
41.3
269
334
289
317
341
320
307
303
304
334
338
351
428
6,016 5,963 5,919 6,053 6,108 6,090 6,194 6,134 6,128 6,227 6,084 6,105 6,102
1,443 1,493 1,448 1,434 1,496
1,514
1,478
1,647 1,56:
1,84;
2,027 1,901 1,92;
19.0
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.7
18.3
20.4
22.4
23.9
19.6
18.9
23.5
23.1
7,01
7,124 7,262 7,171 6,97;
6,960 6,763 6,738 6,689 6,536 6,640 6,622 6,603

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

50




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1985. See the article in this issue for
additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1982

1984

1983

IV

1985

IV

IV

IV

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

149,927 150,233 150,666 150,994 151,327 152,101 152,234 152,386 152,666 153,196 153,491 153,825 154,204
96,604 96,168 96,671 97,482 97,662 97,995 98,613 98,509 98,798 99,611 99,672 99,900 100,515
64.4
64.9
64.9
65.2
64.0
64.2
64.6
64.4
64.8
64.6
65.0
64.7
64.5
87,466 87,361 88,142 89,583 90,471 91,342 92,256 92,261 92,622 93,357 93,392 93,706 94,487
58.3
60.8
61.3
58.2
58.5
59.3
60.1
60.6
60.9
60.5
60.7
60.9
59.8
9,138 8,807 8,530 7,899 7,192 6,654 6,357 6,247 6,175 6,254 6,280 6,195 6,028
6.3
6.0
9.5
9.2
8.1
6.4
6.2
8.8
6.8
6.3
6.3
7.4
6.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

51,418 51,202 51,649 51,916 51,996 52,270 52,441 52,462 52,577 52,734 52,857 52,871 53,109
78.4
78.5
78.8
78.7
78.5
79.2
78.5
79.0
78.7
78.8
78.7
78.6
78.9
46,874 46,785 47,322 47,934 48,415 49,081 49,473 49,569 49,713 49,873 49,970 50,024 50,376
74.1
74.5
72.2
72.2
73.0
73.9
74.3
74.4
74.3
71.8
74.4
74.3
73.5
4,544 4,417 4,327 3,982 3,581 3,189 2,967 2,893 2,864 2,861 2,888 2,847 2,733
5.4
5.1
8.4
7.7
6.1
5.7
5.5
8.8
8.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
6.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

37,757 37,698 37,850 38,338 38,579 38,672 39,157 39,169 39,354 39,890 40,020 40,263 40,582
52.7
53.9
54.0
54.3
52.4
52.2
52.2
52.7
53.3
53.8
52.9
53.2
53.3
34,742 34,800 35,102 35,792 36,200 36,380 36,900 36,902 37,110 37,575 37,695 37,967 38,386
51.4
50.7
51.0
48.2
48.5
49.2
49.6
50.2
50.7
49.6
50.1
50.3
48.2
3,015
2,898 2,748 2,545 2,380 2,292 2,256 2,267 2,244 2,315 2,325 2,296 2,196
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.8
8.0
7.7
7.3
6.6
6.2
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

7,429
57.5
5,850
45.3
1,579
21.3
22.5
19.9

7,268
56.7

5,776
45.1
1,492
20.5
22.0
18.9

7,172
56.5
5,717
45.0
1,455
20.3
20.9
19.6

7,228
57.6
5,857
46.7

1,371
19.0
19.8
18.1

7,087
57.0
5,856
47.1
1,231
17.4
18.2
16.5

7,054
57.3
5,881
47.7
1,173
16.6
17.4
15.8

7,016
57.6
5,882
48.3
1,133
16.2
16.8
15.5

6,878
57.0
5,790
48.0
1,088
15.8
16.8
14.7

6,867
57.1
5,799
48.2
1,068
15.5
16.3
14.7

6,986
58.4
5,908
49.4
1,078
15.4
16.2
14.6

6,794
57.1
5,727
48.1
1,067
15.7
16.4
14.9

6,767
57.0
5,715
48.2
1,052
15.5
16.8
14.1

6,824
57.5
5,725
48.3
1,098
16.1
16.8
15.3

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,719 18,796 18,881 18,968 19,057 19,222 19,303 19,387 19,481 19,543 19,620 19,701 19,790
11,500 11,578 11,658 11,722 11,617 11,817 11,947 12,117 12,242 12,299 12,351 12,340 12,464
63.0
63.0
62.6
62.9
62.5
61.4
61.7
6i.9
62.8
61.8
61.5
61.6
61.0
9,150 9,221 9,265 9,462 9,550 9,847 10,036 10,196 10,393 10,402 10,498 10,520 10,580
53.4
53.5
53.5
53.2
52.6
51.2
52.0
53.3
48.9
50.1
49.1
49.9
49.1
2,350
2,357 2,393 2,260 2,067 1,970 1,911 1,921 1,849 1,897 1,853 1,821 1,883
14.8
15.1
15.4
15.0
16.7
20.4
15.9
20.5
19.3
16.0
15.1
17.8
20.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,459
75.3
4,372
60.3

1,088
19.9

5,468
75.0
4,403
60.4
1,066
19.5

5,533
75.4
4,466
60.9
1,067
19.3

5,577
75.5
4,581
62.0
996
17.9

5,535
74.5
4,669
62.8
866
15.6

5,659
75.2

5,319
57.4

5,287
56.8

4,389
47.4
930
17.5

4,382
47.1
905
17.1

5,329
56.9
4,477
47.8
852
16.0

5,293
56.2
4,468
47.4
826
15.6

4,813
63.9
846
14.9

5,647
74.6
4,813
63.5
834
14.8

5,702
74.8
4,878
64.0
824
14.5

5,728
74.6
4,979
64.9
749
13.1

4,946
64.5
771
13.5

5,373
56.5
4,605
48.4
769
14.3

5,480
57.3
4,751
49.7
729
13.3

5,565
57.9

5,661
58.5

5,685
58.6

4,826
50.2
738
13.3

4,911
50.8
751
13.3

4,932
50.9
752
13.2

5,717
74.5

5,733
74.3
4,985
64.6
748
13.1

5,760
74.3
5,031
64.9
729
12.7

5,782
74.2
5,002
64.2
781
13.5

5,727
58.8
4,976
51.1
751
13.1

5,707
58.3

5,791
58.8
5,050
51.3
740
12.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,206
56.4
4,347
47.1
859
16.5

4,952
50.5
755
13.2

See footnotes at end of table.




51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1982

1983

1985

1984

IV

IV

IV

IV

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

835
37.2
432
19.2
403
48.3
50.8
45.5

790
35.2
429
19.1
361
45.7
46.6
44.6

838
37.5
417
18.7
420
50.2
51.8
48.3

817
36.8
405
18.2
412
50.4
52.0
48.6

789
35.8
414
18.8
375
47.6
44.3
51.2

784
35.9
429
19.6
356
45.3
45.3
45.4

820
37.8
473
21.8
347
42.4
41.4
43.5

850
39.5
492
22.9
358
42.2
41.4
42.9

853
39.9
503
23.6
350
41.0
42.9
38.9

897
41.3
523
24.1
374
41.7
42.0
41.4

891
41.2
537
24.8
354
39.7
39.9
39.6

873
40.5
537
24.9
336
38.5
39.7
37.0

891
41.4
528
24.6
362
40.7
42.3
38.8

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

10,563 10,657 10,750 10,841 10,933 11,027 11,118 11,209 11,301 11,394 11,485 11,572 11,660
7,538
7,525
7,383
7,341
7,392
7,289
7,197
6,929
6,850
6,723 6,744
7,098
6,982
63.7
64.6
65.0
64.3
64.4
65.4
65.0
64.7
64.4
63.9
63.3
63.6
63.9
6,730
6,729
6,603
5,871
6,587
6,619
6,523
6,416
6,308
6,142
6,046
5,696
5,693
57.7
57.5
57.7
54.6
58.1
57.8
58.6
58.2
57.2
56.2
55.8
53.5
53.9
779
980
808
796
755
772
766
781
790
883
1,048
1,030
839
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.4
10.5
11.1
12.7
14.3
10.3
10.9
12.0
15.5
15.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
2

52




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional
information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45.

Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status,
sex and age

1982

1984

1983

IV

1985

IV

IV

IV

FULL TIME
Total:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

95,087 94,958 95,503 96,096 96,256 96,775 97,528 97,824 98,332 98,780 99,063 99,083 99,771
85,004 85,147 85,977 87,228 88,267 89,407 90,531 90,874 91,471 91,888 92,253 92,299 93,097
6,674
6,783
6,810
6,891
6,861
6,949
8,868 7,990
7,368 6,997
10,083
9,526
9,811
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.0
9.2
8.3
7.6
7.2
10.6
10.0
10.3

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

55,327 55,052 55,599 55,851 55,904 56,252 56,541 56,733 56,821 56,900 57,120 57,107 57,368
49,792 49,697 50,316 51,005 51,560 52,358 52,870 53,115 53,316 53,372 53,602 53,660 53,958
3,447 3,411
3,518
3,528
3,505
5,283 4,846 4,344
3,894 3,670 3,617
5,355
5,534
5.9
6.2
6.0
6.2
6.4
8.7
7.8
6.2
6.9
9.7
9.5
6.5
10.0

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

35,339 35,593 35,616 36,027 36,181 36,452 36,941 37,151 37,463 37,841 38,039 38,086 38,500
31,961 32,260 32,461 33,076 33,451 33,826 34,409 34,614 34,931 35,275 35,473 35,533 36,037
2,463
2,553
2,565
2,566
2,532
2,952 2,729
2,626
2,537
2,532
3,333
3,378
3,155
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.8
8.2
6.8
7.5
7.2
9.4
6.8
8.9
6.9
9.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

4,421
3,250
1,171
26.5

4,313
3,190
1,123
26.0

4,288
3,199
1,088
25.4

4,218
3,147
1,071
25.4

4,172
3,256
916
22.0

4,071
3,223
848
20.8

4,047
3,252
795
19.6

3,940
3,145
795
20.2

4,048
3,224
824
20.4

4,039
3,241
798
19.8

3,904
3,178
726
18.6

3,890
3,106
784
20.1

3,902
3,102
801
20.5

PART TIME
Total:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

15,875 15,671 15,658 16,014 15,932 15,780 15,977 15,959 15,934 16,245 16,117 16,339 16,425
14,130 14,005 13,953 14,394 14,355 14,294 14,483 14,445 14,502 14,744 14,548 14,834 14,922
1,503
1,505
1,569
1,501
1,432
1,514
1,577
1,486
1,494
1,745
1,620
1,705
1,666
9.2
9.2
9.7
9.2
9.0
9.4
9.5
9.9
9.3
11.0
10.6
10.1
10.9

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

3,029
2,755
274
9.0

3,095
2,812
284
9.2

3,061
2,789
272
8.9

3,151
2,875
276
8.8

3,125
2,862
263
8.4

3,074
2,822
252
8.2

3,084
2,831
253
8.2

3,062
2,824
237
7.8

3,154
2,908
246
7.8

3,155
2,925
231
7.3

3,114
2,859
255
8.2

3,151
2,917
234
7.4

3,171
2,945
226
7.1

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

8,794
8,185
609
6.9

8,664
8,056
608
7.0

8,712
8,101
612
7.0

8,854
8,291
563
6.4

8,896
8,318
578
6.5

8,791
8,268
523
6.0

8,941
8,405
537
6.0

8,932
8,352
579
6.5

8,929
8,366
564
6.3

9,073
8,493
579
6.4

9,052
8,443
608
6.7

9,270
8,668
602
6.5

9,272
8,692
580
6.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate...

4,052
3,190
861
21.3

3,912
3,138
774
19.8

3,885
3,064
821
21.1

4,009
3,228
781
19.5

3,911
3,174
736
18.8

3,914
3,204
710
18.1

3,951
3,247
704
17.8

3,966
3,268
698
17.6

3,851
3,228
623
16.2

4,017
3,326
691
17.2

3,951
3,246
705
17.9

3,918
3,248
669
17.1

3,982
3 285
697
17.5

Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in
the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by
whether seeking full- or part-time work.




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1982

1984

1983

1985

Category

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

99,135 99,155 99,923 101,619 102,600 103,671 105,024 105,368 105,959 106,618 106,804 107,200 107,996
37,669 37,471 37,658 38,331 38,401 38,778 39,040 39,153 39,254 39,398 39,196 39,114 39,288
24,021 24,199 24,365 24,829 24,996 25,171 25,666 25,745 25,945 26,071 26,099 26,413 26,742
5,074 5,061 4,945 5,084 5,284 5,374 5,538 5,527 5,428 5,567 5,624 5,597 5,604

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,602
1,623
235

1,597

1,560
1,586
234

1,634

1,511

1,573
234

1,547
247

1,556
241

87,954
15,485
72,468
1,210
71,258
7,336
369

87,953
15,453
72,500
1,220
71,280
7,403
356

88,663
15,528
73,135
1,243
71,892
7,505
356

90,183
15,596
74,587
1,275
73,312
7,650
366

1,506
1,595
211

1,574

1,552
220

1,535
1,563
213

1,610
1,506
209

1,597
1,511
225

1,588
1,481
191

1,458
1,444
175

1,525
1,402

165

91,134 92,257 93,500 93,905 94,561 95,309 95,515 95,953 96,709
15,576 15,699 15,751 15,765 15,864 15,915 15,964 16,056 16,188
75,558 76,559 77,748 78,140 78,697 79,394 79,551 79,897 80,521

1,245 1,201 1,313 1,203 1,234 1,292 1,234 1,271 1,200
74,313 75,358 76,435 76,936 77,463 78,101 78,317 78,626 79,321
7,737 7,805 7,820 7,775 7,742 7,737 7,719 7,815 7,969
423
338
339
324
338
331
296
282
249

PERSONS AT WORK1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons

Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

6,735 6,577 6,264 6,203 6,016 5,846 5,745 5,658 5,717 5,559 5,703 5,610 5,489
3,476 3,159 2,842 2,743 2,548 2,468 2,315 2,386 2,533 2,434 2,566 2,442 2,287
2,912 3,108 3,119 3,062 3,147 3,083 3,054 2,852 2,840 2,803 2,796 2,805 2,881
12,835 12,737 12,732 13,070 13,108 13,016 13,308 13,163 13,181 13,461 13,291 13,584 13,638
6,390 6,318 5,984 5,921 5,764 5,635 5,483 5,425 5,500 5,304 5,410 5,347 5,277
3,265 3,017 2,683 2,574 2,417 2,337 2,178 2,240 2,394 2,263 2,377 2,287 2,169
2,790 2,985 3,020 2,968 3,036 2,989 2,957 2,786 2,765 2,712 2,713 2,719 2,782
12,345 12,249 12,257 12,536 12,613 12,524 12,855 12,709 12,722 12,977 12,844 13,156 13,198

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
Deriod for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-47. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over...
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1982

99,135 99,155 99,923 101,619 102,600 103,671 105,024 105,368 105,959 106,618 106,804 07,200 107,996
19,967
6,445
2,414
4,003
13,522
79,153
64,920
14,252

19,850 20,257
6,253 6,391
2,315
2,279
4,084
3,978
13,597 13,866
80,074 81,358
65,934 67,097
14,186 14,140 14,286

19,834
6,314
2,355
3,960
13,520
79,335
65,115

54

20,297
6,412
2,338
4,071
13,885
82,283
67,951
14,347

20,517
6,410
2,340
4,083
14,107
83,176
68,899
14,243

20,803 20,597 20,698 20,658
6,502
6,437 6,445 6,568
2,418 2,412 2,449 2,548
4,084
4,012 3,986 4,025
14,301 14,160 14,253 14,090
84,217 84,771 85,242 85,979
69,981 70,544 71,064 71,637

20,418 20,303 20,306

6,418
2,468

3,950
14,000
86,383
72,084

14,240 14,240 14,192 14,308 14,298

6,393
2,487
3,892
13,910
86,909
72,664
14,246

6,371
2,470
3,903

13,935
87,673
73,405

14,294

55,861 55,795 56,332 57,188 57,791 58,497 59,033 59,249 59,582 59,698 59,795 59,901 60,176
10,336 10,414 10,644 10,711 10,840 10,999 10,826 10,918 10,791 10,713 10,610 10,572
3,309 3,256 3,248 3,325 3,364 3,308 3,350 3,298 3,348 3,393 3,356 3,305 3,267
1,248 1,237 1,184 1,217 1,219 1,221 1,239 1,238 1,279 1,313 1,301 1,296 1,292
2,041 2,020 2,069 2,116 2,143 2,093 2,110 2,050 2,061 2,074 2,060 2,005 1,978
7,092 7,080 7,166 7,319 7,348 7,532 7,649 7,528 7,570 7,398 7,358 7,306 7,306
45,441 45,471 45,927 46,538 47,060 47,676 48,038 48,418 48,646 48,926 49,083 49,295 49,588
36,980 37,036 37,512 38,065 38,569 39,221 39,652 40,020 40,299 40,445 40,634 40,858 41,156
8,414 8,416 8,484 8,506 8,430 8,389 8,405 8,364 8,452 8,450 8,433 8,456
8,473
10,402

43,274 43,360 43,591 44,431

9,565
3,135

V
1,962
6,430

33,713
27,940
5,779

44,809 45,174 45,991 46,119 46,377 46,919 47,009 47,299 47,820

9,436 9,613 9,586 9,677 9,804 9,771 9,780 9,867 9,704 9,693 9,734
3,004 3,066 3,048 3,102 3,152 3,139 3,097 3,175 3,062 3,089 3,104
1,095 1,098 1,119 1,119 1,179 1,175 1,170 1,235 1,167 1,191 1,178
1,940 1,909 1,968 1,928 1,990 1,974 1,962 1,925 1,951 1,891 1,887 1,925
6,441 6,431 6,547 6,538 6,575 6,652 6,632 6,683 6,692 6,642 6,604 6,629
33,864 34,147 34,820 35,223 35,500 36,179 36,353 36,596 37,054 37,300 37,614 38,085
28,078 28,421 29,031 29,382 29,678 30,329 30,524 30,765 31,192 31,449 31,807 32,249
5,838
5,803 5,840 5,813 5,850 5,835 5,828 5,857 5,848 5,81
5,772
5,723
9,498
3,058
1,118

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.




1985

1983

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-48. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1982

1983

1984

1985

Sex and age
IV

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

11,791 11,488 11,273 10,471

IV

9,541

8,865

8,517

8,444

8,276

8,406

8,402

8,268

8,162

4,618
2,027
869
1,168
2,591
7,173
6,321
830

4,450
1,901
770
1,131
2,549
7,041
6,217
829

4,352
1,922
802
1,121
2,430
6,930
6,094
831

4,091
1,842
750
1,080
2,249
6,375
5,627
763

3,714
1,647
687
970
2,067
5,823
5,079
726

3,471
1,562
674
886
1,909
5,396
4,723
677

3,367
1,514
647
869
1,853
5,157
4,492
666

3,305
1,478
643
825
1,828
5,137
4,490
653

3,201
1,443
620
836
1,758
5,067
4,397
652

3,252
1,493
663
827
1,760
5,155
4,551
611

3,230
1,448
664
786
1,781
5,179
4,558
629

3,148
1,434
635
792
1,713
5,126
4,505
625

3,189
1,496
686
821
1,693
4,960
4,362
577

6,913

6,701

6,617

6,142

5,487

4,985

4,738

4,658

4,543

4,555

4,568

4,497

4,454

2,655
1,125
500
630
1,530
4,262
3,722
526

2,542
1,060
426
635
1,482
4,159
3,630
528

2,491
1,044
424
623
1,447
4,120
3,589
538

2,352
1,020
412
597
1,332
3,793
3,316
483

2,076
888
372
522
1,188
3,411
2,935
460

1,907
840
359
481
1,067
3,078
2,355
423

1,841
810
354
460
1,031
2,893
2,502
402

1,831
801
345
447
1,030
2,830
2,422
407

1,752
796
335
468
956
2,790
2,378
393

1,766
798
358
440
968
2,791
2,432
363

1,776
790
372
420
986
2,785
2,433
370

1,734
816
356
451
919
2,770
2,406
363

1,720
821
368
459
899
2,730
2,360
351

4,877

4,787

4,656

4,329

4,055

3,880

3,779

3,786

3,733

3,851

3,835

3,771

3,708

1,963
901
369
538
1,061
2,911
2,599
304

1,908
841
344
495
1,067
2,881
2,587
301

1,861
878
378
498
983
2,810
2,505
293

1,739
823
338
483
917
2,582
2,311
281

1,638
759
315
448
879
2,412
2,144
266

1,563
721
315
405
842
2,318
2,068
255

1,526
704
293
409
822
2,264
1,990
264

1,474
677
298
378
798
2,307
2,068
246

1,449
647
285
368
802
2,277
2,018
259

1,487
695
305
387
792
2,364
2,119
248

1,453
658
292
365
795
2,394
2,125
259

1,413
619
279
341
795
2,356
2,099
262

1,469
675
318
362
795
2,230
2,003
226

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

A-49. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1982

1985

1984

1983

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ...
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

IV

IV

10.6

10.4

10.1

9.3

8.5

7.9

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.2

7.0

18.8
23.9
26.5
22.6
16.1
8.3
8.9
5.5

18.3
23.1
24.6
22.2
15.9
8.2
8.7
5.5

18.0
23.5
26.0
22.0
15.2
8.0
8.5
5.5

16.8
22.4
24.5
20.9
14.0
7.3
7.7
5.1

15.5
20.4
22.7
19.2
13.0
6.6
7.0
4.8

14.5
19.6
22.4
17.8
11.9
6.1
6.4
4.5

13.9
18.9
21.1
17.5
11.5
5.8
6.0
4.5

13.8
18.7
21.0
17.1
11.4
5.7
6.0
4.4

13.4
18.3
20.2
17.3
11.0
5.6
5.8
4.4

13.6
18.5
20.7
17.0
11.1
5.7
6.0
4.1

13.7
18.4
21.2
16.6
11.3
5.7
5.9
4.2

13.4
18.3
20.3
16.9
11.0
5.6
5.8
4.2

13.6
19.0
21.7
17.4
10.8
5.4
5.6
3.9

11.0

10.7

10.5

9.7

8.7

7.9

7.4

7.3

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

20.3
25.4
28.6
23.6
17.7
8.6
9.1
5.8

19.7
24.6
25.6
23.9
17.3
8.4
8.9
5.9

19.3
24.3
26.4
23.1
16.8
8.2
8.7
6.0

18.1
23.5
25.3
22.0
15.4
7.5
8.0
5.4

16.2
20.9
23.4
19.6
13.9
6.8
7.1
5.1

15.0
20.3
22.7
18.7
12.4
6.1
6.3
4.8

14.3
19.5
22.2
17.9
11.9
5.7
5.9
4.6

14.5
19.5
21.8
17.9
12.0
5.5
5.7
4.6

13.8
19.2
20.8
18.5
11.2
5.4
5.6
4.5

14.1
19.0
21.4
17.5
11.6
5.4
5.7
4.1

14.2
19.1
22.2
16.9
11.8
5.4
5.6
4.2

14.0
19.8
21.6
18.4
11.2
5.3
5.6
4.1

14.0
20.1
22.2
18.8
11.0
5.2
5.4
4.0

10.1

9.9

9.6

8.9

8.3

7.9

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.2

17.0
22.3
24.1
21.5
14.2
7.9
8.5
5.0

16.7
21.6
23.5
20.3
14.2
7.8
8.4
5.0

16.5
22.6
25.7
20.7
13.3
7.6
8.1
4.9

15.3
21.2
23.5
19.7
12.3
6.9
7.4
4.6

14.6
19.9
22.0
18.9
11.9
6.4
6.8
4.4

13.9
18.9
22.0
16.9
11.4
6.1
6.5
4.2

13.5
18.3
19.9
17.2
11.0
5.9
6.2
4.3

13.1
17.7
20.2
16.2
10.7
6.0
6.3
4.0

12.9
17.3
19.6
16.0
10.7
5.9
6.2
4.2

13.1
18.0
19.8
16.6
10.6
6.0
6.4
4.1

13.0
17.7
20.0
16.2
10.7
6.0
6.3
4.2

12.7
16.7
19.0
15.3
10.7
5.9
6.2
4.3

13.1
17.9
21.3
15.8
10.7
5.5
5.8
3.7

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.




55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50.

Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

(Unemployment rates)
1982

1985

1984

1983

Category
IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

10.6
9.9
9.0
23.9

10.4
9.7
8.9
23.1

10.1
9.5
8.5
23.5

9.3
8.7
7.8
22.4

8.5
7.8
7.3
20.4

79
7.0
7.0
19.6

75
66
6.7
18.9

7.4
6.4
6.7
18.7

7.2
6.2
6.7
18.3

73
6.3
6.7
18.5

7.3
6.3
6.7
18.4

7.2
6.1
6.7
18.3

7.0
6.0
6.4
19.0

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

9.5
18.7
20.4
15.3

9.2
18.6
20.4
15.5

8.8
18.8
20 5
14.3

8.1
17.6
19.3
12.7

7.4
16.3
17.8
12.0

6.8
6.4
15.2 14.4
167 160
11 1 109

6.3
14.3
15.9
10.5

6.3
13.7
15 1
10.4

6.3
14.0
154
10.3

6.3
13.6
15.0
10.6

6.2
13.3
14.8
10.6

6.0
13.7
15.1
10.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

7.5
8.2
12.4

7.2
7.7
13.2

7.0
7.5
12.8

6.1
6.8
11.9

5.5
6.3
10.9

4.9
5.9
10.8

4.6
5.7
10.1

4.5
5.8
10.0

4.5
5.6
10.4

4.4
5.7
10.4

4.3
5.8
10.5

4.3
5.6
10.8

4.2
5.4
9.9

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

10.6
11.0
4.0
12.1

10.3
10.6
4.2
11.8

10.0
10.9
4.0
11.4

9.2
10.1
3.7
10.5

8.3
9.9
3.1
9.8

7.6
9.4
27
9.0

7.2
9.3
25
8.6

7.1
9.5
2.3
8.4

7.0
9.0
21
8.3

7.0
9.2
20
8.2

6.9
9.7
2.0
8.2

6.8
9.2
2.0
8.1

6.7
9.2
1 9
7.9

11.2
18.0
21.9
14.2
16.2
11.4
7.9
10.6
7.6
14.8

10.8
18.4
20.2
13.1
14.6
10.9
8.1
10.9
7.4
16.0

10.4
19.7
19.7
12.2
13.2
10.7
7.7
10.3
7.4
17.3

9.5
16.4
17.8
10.6
11.3
9.6
7.2
9.7
7.1
15.3

8.6
12.2
15.7
8.9
9.2
8.6
6.7
9.2
6.7
15.6

7.8
11.3
146
7.9
7.8
7.9
5.5
8.3
6.3
14.7

7.4
8.7
149
74
7.2
7.6
5.5
80
5.7
13.2

7.4
9.0
14.1
7.4
6.8
8.2
5.9
7.8
5.8
13.7

7.2
10.8
137
7.3
7.1
7.6
5.2
7.6
5.8
12.4

7.3
10.6
134
7.6
7.3
8.0
5.0
7.6
5.8
13.9

7.3
9.6
12.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
5.3
7.6
5.8
12.5

7.2
9.2
13.4
7.8
7.8
7.8
5.2
7.7
5.5
13.8

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force

7.0
8.5
13.2
7.5
7.4
7.6
5.1
7.6
5.4
12.0

hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

2

A-51. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1982

1983

1985

1984

Weeks of unemployment
IV

IV

IV

IV

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,921
3,463
4,444
2,056
2,388

3,626
3,213
4,627
1,921
2,705

3,600
3,019
4,471
1,698
2,773

3,611
2,871
4,098
1,569
2,529

3,423
2,627
3,511
1,330
2,181

3,325
2,516
3,032
1,154
1,878

3,284
2,393
2,782
1,116
1,667

3,418
2,464
2,616
1,089
1,527

3,388
2,421
2,445
1,019
1,426

3,561
2,505
2,353
1,019
1,334

3,534
2,549
2,325
1,042
1,283

3,477
2,509
2,303
1,053
1,250

3,423
2,481
2,223
975
1,249

17.5
10.0

19.3
10.4

20.2
11.5

20.6
9.6

19.8
9.1

19.5
8.6

18.4
8.3

17.6
7.5

17.0
7.2

15.9
7.0

15.5
6.8

15.5
7.1

15.5
6.9

100.0
33.2
29.3
37.6
17.4
20.2

100.0
31.6
28.0
40.4
16.8
23.6

100.0
32.5
27.2
40.3
15.3
25.0

100.0
34.1
27.1
38.7
14.8
23.9

100.0
35.8
27.5
36.7
13.9
22.8

100.0
37.5
28.4
34.2
13.0
21.2

100.0
38.8
28.3
32.9
13.2
19.7

100.0
40.2
29.0
30.8
12.8
18.0

100.0
41.0
29.3
29.6
12.3
17.3

100.0
42.3
29.8
28.0
12.1
15.8

100.0
42.0
30.3
27.7
12.4
15.3

100.0
41.9
30.3
27.8
12.7
15.1

100.0
42.1
30.5
27.4
12.0
15.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

56



HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1982

1983

1985

1984

Reasons for unemployment
IV

IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

7,254
2,446
4,808
791
2,500
1,284

6,841
2,071
4,770
860
2,507
1,193

6,749
1,921
4,828
815
2,439
1,288

6,057
1,646
4,411
796
2,419
1,229

5,266
1,351
3,914
850
2,277
1,155

4,721
1,244
3,477
792
2,183
1,164

4,417
1,153
3,264
805
2,141
1,157

4,269
1,153
3,116
842
2,230
1,087

4,209
1,110
3,099
849
2,193
1,034

4,228
1,191
3,037
869
2,260
1,058

4,130
1,128
3,002
902
2,298
1,070

4,164
1,138
3,026
874
2,237
986

4,018
1,156
2,862
865
2,229
1,044

100.0
61.3
20.7
40.6
6.7
21.1
10.9

100.0
60.0
18.2
41.8
7.5
22.0
10.5

100.0
59.8
17.0
42.8
7.2
21.6
11.4

100.0
57.7
15.7
42.0
7.6
23.0
11.7

100.0
55.1
14.2
41.0
8.9
23.9
12.1

100.0
53.3
14.0
39.2
8.9
24.6
13.1

100.0
51.8
13.5
38.3
9.4
25.1
13.6

100.0
50.6
13.7
37.0
10.0
26.5
12.9

100.0
50.8
13.4
37,4
10.2
26.5
12.5

100.0
50.2
14.2
36.1
10.3
26.9
12.6

100.0
49.2
13.4
35.7
10.7
27.4
12.7

100.0
50.4
13.8
36.6
10.6
27.1
11.9

100.0
49.3
14.2
35.1
10.6
27.3
12.8

6.5
.7
2.3
1.2

6.2
.8
2.3
1.1

6.1
.7
2.2
1.2

5.4
.7
2.2
1.1

4.7

4.2
.7
1.9
1.0

3.9
.7
1.9
1.0

3.8
.7
2.0
1.0

3.7
.7
1.9
.9

3.7
.8
2.0
.9

3.6
.8
2.0
.9

3.6
.8
1.9
.9

3.5
.7
1.9
.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.0
1.0

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.




57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

1982

1983

1985

1984

Reason, sex, and race
IV

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Total not in labor force ..
Do not want a job now ...
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now .
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1

62,120 62,862 62,761 62,359 62,808 63,143 62,584 62,783 62,898 62,498 62,740 62,946 62,783
55,323 55,995 56,033 55,758 56,525 56,812 56,478 57,216 56,761 56,803 56,927 56,788 56,721
6,444 6,570 6,513 6,362 6,548 6,662 6,503 6,882 6,351 6,283 6,260 6,266 6,314
4,036 3,925 4,021 3,846 3,874 4,021 4,088 4,068 3,811 4,047 3,836 3,862 3,923
28,083 28,326 28,326 28,312 28,455 28,466 27,912 27,992 27,853 27,424 27,298 26,999 26,822
12,550 12,968 12,977 12,963 13,169 13,448 13,656 13,701 14,304 14,304 14,688 15,156 15,299
4,206 4,196 4,274 4,479 4,215 4,319 4,573 4,442 4,744 4,845 4,505 4,362
4,210
6,865

6,500

6,534

6,713

6,231

6,236

6,006

5,932

6,082

5,853

5,791

6,040

6,023

1,850
717
1,379
1,807
1,384
424
1,112

1,664
702
1,384
1,769
1,409
360
981

1,504
707
1,459
1,717
1,319
398
1,148

1,764
829
1,431
1,627
1,196
430
1,061

1,529
807

1,549
744
1,499
1,337
938
399
1,106

1,612
821
1,222
1,284
939
344
1,067

1,500
813
1,416
1,225
875
350
978

1,475
816
1,365
1,292
930
363
1,134

1,464
762
1,251
1,239
857
382
1,137

1,444
813
1,263
1,151
813
338
1,120

1,447
786
1,355
1,246
824
422
1,206

1,473
851
1,391
1,187
794
392
1,121

19,138

1,368
1,443
1,040
403
1,083

19,695 19,457 19,312 19,608 19,789 19,709 19,794 19,845 19,889 19,982 20,166 20,195

16,898 17,151 17,273 16,987 17,496 17,644 17,676 17,872 17,772 18,058 18,025 18,053 18,105
2,334

2,243

2,174

2,350

2,130

2,073

2,031

1,930

2,004

1,932

2,002

2,010

2,022

998
283
668
384

887
301
713
343

775
323
667
409

1,014
370
618
348

818
356
604
352

824
354
495
400

794
373
497
367

739
385
471
335

733
384
502
386

704
349
496
383

721
363
504
414

694
363
492
461

695
400
525
403

Women
Total not in labor force ...

42,981 43,167 43,305 43,048 43,200 43,354 42,875 42,990 43,053 42,609 42,758 42,779 42,588

Do not want a job now .

38,425 38,844 38,760 38,771 39,030 39,167 38,802 39,344 38,989 38,744 38,902 38,735 38,616

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now .

4,531

4,256

4,360

4,363

4,101

4,163

3,975

4,002

4,078

3,921

3,788

4,029

4,001

85;

111
401
1,384
1,056
639

729
384
1,459
1,050
738

750
459
1,431
1,009
713

711
451
1,368
839
731

726
390
1,499
84;
706

819
448
1,222
787
700

761
428
1,416
754
643

74,
43,
1,365
791
748

761
414
1,251
742
754

723
449
1,263
647
706

753
423
1,355
754
745

778
452
1,391
662
719

433
1,379
1,139
729

53,323 54,065 53,995 53,512 53,665 54,106 53,621 53,877 53,868 53,585 53,819 53,925 53,689
48,549 49,040 49,136 48,835 49,194 49,626 49,319 49,562 49,529 49,260 49,613 49,384 49,344
4,913

4,727

4,850

4,722

4,543

4,443

4,273

4,262

4,379

4,340

4,266

4,507

4,400

1,300
496
1,016
1,261
840

1,217
499
1,037
1,196
111

1,108
519
1,080
1,238
906

1,158
614
1,034
1,068
847

1,093
605
1,009
989
848

1,083
556
1,083
888
833

1,108
563
901
820
881

1,075
59;
1,023
791
781

1,044
589
1,038
788
920

1,051
548
957
861
923

996
560
1,027
752
932

1,110
594
991
815
998

1,053
601
1,028
814
903

7,219

7,218

7,223

7,246

7,440

7,405

7,356

7,270

7,239

7,244

7,269

7,361

7,326

Do not want a job now .

5,556

5,629

5,713

5,517

5,965

5,855

5,840

5,789

5,748

5,904

5,906

5,977

5,925

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ....
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,720

1,58

1,511

1,693

1,510

1,600

1,501

1,453

1,50

1,361

1,35!

1,33;

1,428

324
16
359
43
228

482
208
343
488
171

409
180
314
429
17

419
175
34
41
248

41
215
295
405
174

354
221
331
368
180

389
20;
25;
351
16

38;
214
260
34;
155

318
198
294
347
176

344
239
308
358
180

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
Black
Total not in labor force

475
202
337
505
200

419
18;
306
514
166

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
'-'home responsibilities."

58



370
211
289
47;
164

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1985. See the article in this issue for additional information.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Reason and sex

Age

IV
1984

IV
1985

63,001

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

60 years
and over

25 to 59
years

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

62,867

7,119

7,029

4,641

4,307

21,494

21,139

29,746

30,392

57,101

57,019

5,800

5,850

3,740

3,463

18,377

17,974

29,187

29,733

8,097

5,204
15
327

5,203
38

2,004
91

1,880
73

15

19
1,853

341

1,330

1,229

876
1,724
13,053
443
2,281

945
1,853

14,008
3,531

8,048
3,816
26,738
14,970
3,447

268

315

281

5,901

5,847

1,320
901

843
232
81
243
155
92
63
132

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

3,715

27,749

254

12,544
382
2,250

1,886
13,039

12,624

13,566
681

14,588
649

3,114

3,163

559

659

204
645
911
716
534
182
638

240
630
937
704
521
182
652

2
171
28
198
79
119
160

4
201
36
219
74
144
199

1,254
870
384
1,062

1,432
930
1,283
1,149
744
406
1,053

984
18
92
134
93
41
92

1,178
956
18
66
70
55
16
68

20,146

20,470

3,441

3,434

1,623

1,503

3,762

3,881

11,321

11,653

18,227

18,529

2,802

2,849

1,344

1,215

3,042

3,125

11,043

11,340

4,183
1,894
383
9,829
1,937

4,098
1,996
372
10,131
1,932

2,660
7
5

2,677
24
20

1,143
36
17

1,008
36
13

405
1,065

1
891

229

128

148

158

141
323
1,191

8
870
199

130

380
962
134
345
1,221

9,484
438

9,808
455

1,920

1,942

638

584

278

288

720

756

279

313

717
417
447
339

679
436
474
352

518
9
64
47

487
9
48
40

125
20
82
51

117
40
87
44

73
286
208
153

72
297
228
159

101
93
85

42,855

42,396

3,678

3,595

3,019

2,804

17,733

17,258

18,425

18,739

38,874

38,490

2,994

2,999

2,396

2,250

15,337

14,849

18,147

18,393

3,914
1,821
27,366
4,179
1,594

3,950
1,820
26,365
4,839
1,516

2,542
7

2,525
13

861
55

873
37

540
787
12,405

14

996

322

321

1,313

1,216

496
762
12,920
98
1,061

1,058

12,812
4,081
244

12
982
12,425
4,780
194

123

140

167

124

3,981

3,906

2,395

2,408

280

346

132
359
911
508
485

168
333
937
476
494

2
69
28

1
111

1,436
887

1,261

244
53
229
205
163
42
170

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ....
Other reasons1

2
91
112

108

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons

719
470
1,261
807
724

753
494
1,283
675
700

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54 and A-55 may not add to not-in-labor-




684
467
9
92
71
45

595
470
9
66
22
28

624
119
34
229
123
119

555
115
41
243
69
87

59

106
75

36
107
91

force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.

59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex

(In thousands)
Total
Reason, race, and Hispanic origin

IV
1984

Sex

Age

IV
1985

25 to 59
years

16 to 24
years

60 years
and over

Women

Men

IV
1985

IV
1985

IV
1984

53,965 53,778 9,123

8,738

18,017 17,700 26,824 27,340 16,979 17,264 36,986 36,514

49,727 49,528 7,632

7,365

15,744 15,375 26,361 26,786 15,609 15,859 34,116 33,668

6,496 6,379 5,816
3,100
78
2,969
24,811 23,885
12,621 13,409 1,355
2,754
2,828
383
4,238
4,251
1,491
1,007
1,001
861
652
641
51
971
980
221
765
743
171
855
874
187

5,668
88

670
694
14
18
1,327 1,470 1,569 1,542
11,538 11,062 11,919 11,573
386
338 12,237 13,071
1,823 1,811
622
582

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,248

3,319
1,525
311
8,913
1,541

3,256 3,177 3,123
1,623 1,444 1,477
283 24,500 23,602
9,166 3,708 4,243
1,287 1,223
1,531

361
2,277

2,326

463

553

1,369

1,405

2,869

2,846

1,376
848
51
217
113
147

136
455
730
418
538

159
447
723
464
533

2
133
28
153
147

1
155
32
188
177

521
315

514
316

258
275

292
283

480
326
980
485
598

493
337
971
473
572

BLACK
7,275

7,367 2,154

2,100

2,619

2,658

2,502

2,608

2,561

2,616

4,714

4,751

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

5,802

5,973

1,489

1,525

1,891

1,937

2,422

2,509

2,093

2,148

3,710

3,823

1,155
695
2,216
1,174
562

1,082
22

96
361
1,039
42
353

143
341
1,030
34
389

302
946
1,133
41

2
288
907
1,250
62

594
349
60
772
318

586
342
73
787
360

561
346
2,157
402
244

641
309
2,127
496
250

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,472

1,228 1,058
652
32
2,200
231
1,283
610
168
1,394
665
351
328
259
19
260
99
357
153
167
66

730

723

80

97

468

467

1,004

928

573
293
44
86
102
48

50
179
145
280
76

58
169
170
224
102

160
90

124
112

170
48

173
58

216
143
244
296
105

227
147
260
185
109

4,137

1,143

1,818

1,964

1,078

1,140

2,851

2,997

Total not in labor force

376
233
244
466
153

262
159

46
4
30
17

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

3,929

1,120

991

1,029

3,644

958

1,686

1,001

953

2,693

674
315
2,028
434
193

596
14

79
193
1,277
10
127

108
458
423
12

312
161
35
317
128

363
154
1,993
117
66

280

28

186

305

62
53

76
19
123
52
35

294
54

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

493
139
72
123
96
63

1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
2
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised not-in-labor-

60




182
117
7
28
20
10

22
64
94
57
43

44
27

force data by reason are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-56. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
4th Quarter 1985
Race and Hispanic origin

Age

Reason and sex
Total

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

41
22

40
82
60

129
3

63
29

Hispanic
origin1

White

Black

12

151
86
72

26
43
24

7
9
15

267
254

25
49

196
262

194
70

36
29

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap

175
135
96

Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

401
342

46

92
51
45

6
4
-

22
17

23
21
21

63
2
8

75
29
31

19
20
15

171
115

34
4

32
16

86
75

17
21

74
83

92
25

18
5

17
60
39

66
1
5

76
57
41

7
22
9

30
15

180
179

8
28

122
179

102
45

Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

22
7

Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

83
84
50

231
227

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates and are not comparable
to previously published data.




12
5

14
22

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within
the next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)

Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex

IV
1984

IV
1985

Race

Age

Total
16 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

IV
1984

IV
1985

White

Black
IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1985

IV
1984

52,643 52,701 5,949
10,357 10,165 5,811
1,917 1,772 1,746
1,252 1,403
71
2,382 2,217
760
4,805 4,772 3,235

5,933
5,402
1,602
64
659
3,076

17,443 16,997 29,251 29,771 45,966 45,818 5,323
495
4,050 4,142
620 7,999 7,959 1,952
563
168
10
160
2 1,252 1,216
322
884 1,030
144
1,037 1,143
196
474
182
1,440 1,338
219 1,825 1,685
593
159
1,410 1,494
204 4,038 4,027

5,540
1,827
471
332
440
584

16,235 16,554 2,332
3,911 3,916 2,732
824
748
778
22
249
224
226
678
647
2,262 2,165 1,735

2,307
2,629
795
12
248
1,575

2,905 11,065 11,342 13,881 14,168 1,916
645
311 3,098 3,095
255
975
220
29
530
584
65
153
84
73
152
133
108
326
105
96
512
508
253
469
121 1,927 1,847
86

1,958
657
202
80
135
241

36,409 36,147 3,617
6,446 6,249 3,079
949
999
1,139
48
1,028 1,155
534
1,734 1,538
2,543 2,607 1,500

3,627
2,773
808
52
413
1,501

14,606 14,092 18,186 18,429 32,085 31,650 3,407
240
3,126 3,164
310 4,901 4,864 1,306
343
2
10
139
131
722
632
257
111
71
990
908
878
751
366
114 1,317 1,173
86
1,114 1,012
340
83 2,111 2,180
73
970 1,024

3,582
1,170
269
252
305
344

IV
1984

IV
1985

60 years
and over

IV
1984

IV
1985

TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

2,838
924
29
129
326
440

Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

62




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-58. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Employment status, sex, and age

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

Hispanic origin1

Black

White
IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

177,133
114,131
64.4
106,186
3,169
103,017
7,945
7.0
63,001

178,941
116,074
64.9
108,258
2,946
105,311
7,816
6.7
62,867

152,666
98,701
64.7
92,800
2,902
89,898
5,901
6.0
53,965

154,204
100,426
65.1
94,680
2,746
91,933
5,746
5.7
53,778

19,481
12,206
62.7
10,419
206
10,213
1,788
14.6
7,275

19,790
12,423
62.8
10,607
161
10,446
1,816
14.6
7,367

11,301
7,372
65.2
6,623
293
6,330
749
10.2
3,929

11,660
7,523
64.5
6,736
265
6,471
787
10.5
4,137

83,970
63,824
76.0
59,469
2,587
56,882
4,355
6.8
20,146

84,825
64,354
75.9
60,089
2,345
57,744
4,265
6.6
20,470

72,869
55,890
76.7
52,589
2,345
50,244
3,301
5.9
16,979

73,630
56,366
76.6
53,185
2,172
51,013
3,181
5.6
17,264

8,718
6,156
70.6
5,249
191
5,057
908
14.7
2,561

8,848
6,233
70.4
5,289
142
5,148
944
15.1
2,616

5,539
4,462
80.6
4,025
266
3,759
437
9.8
1,078

5,718
4,578
80.1
4,107
236
3,871
471
10.3
1,140

76,660
59,956
78.2
56,367
2,390
53,977
3,588
6.0
16,705

77,571
60,535
78.0
57,060
2,184
54,876
3,475
5.7
17,037

66,818
52,510
78.6
49,781
2,160
47,621
2,729
5.2
14,308

67,656
53,052
78.4
50,450
2,018
48,432
2,602
4.9
14,604

7,674
5,742
74.8
5,020
183
4,837
723
12.6
1,931

7,793
5,797
74.4
5,045
137
4,909
751
13.0
1,997

4,927
4,148
84.2
3,786
248
3,539
362
8.7
779

5,102
4,286
84.0
3,907
217
3,690
379
8.8
816

93,163
50,307
54.0
46,717
582
46,135
3,590
7.1
42,855

94,116
51,720
55.0
48,168
601
47,567
3,551
6.9
42,396

79,797
42,810
53.6
40,211
557
39,654
2,599
6.1
36,986

80,574
44,060
54.7
41,494
574
40,920
2,565
5.8
36,514

10,764
6,050
56.2
5,170
15
5,156
880
14.5
4,714

10,942
6,190
56.6
5,318
19
5,298
872
14.1
4,751

5,762
2,910
50.5
2,598
27
2,570
313
10.7
2,851

5,942
2,945
49.6
2,629
29
2,600
316
10.7
2,997

85,895
46,718
54.4
43,719
546
43,173
2,999
6.4
39,177

86,900
48,099
55.3
45,166
569
44,597
2,933
6.1
38,801

73,826
39,677
53.7
37,507
521
36,986
2,170
5.5
34,149

74,684
40,910
54.8
38,796
544
38,251
2,114
5.2
33,775

9,670
5,675
58.7
4,942
14
4,927
733
12.9
3,996

9,848
5,801
58.9
5,080
16
5,063
721
12.4
4,047

5,149
2,661
51.7
2,403
25
2,378
258
9.7
2,488

5,323
2,707
50.9
2,454
25
2,430
253
9.3
2,616

14,577
7,458
51.2
6,099
233
5,866
1,358
18.2
7,119

14,470
7,441
51.4
6,032
194
5,838
1,409
18.9
7,029

12,022
6,514
54.2
5,512
221
5,291
1,002
15.4
5,508

11,864
6,465
54.5
5,434
184
5,250
1,030
15.9
5,400

2,137
789
36.9
458
8
449
332
42.0
1,348

2,149
826
38.4
482
8
474
344
41.7
1,323

1,225
562
45.9
433
20
413
129
23.0
662

1,234
530
42.9
375
24
351
155
29.3
704

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59.

Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

11,301
7,372
65.2
6,623
293
6,330
749
10.2
3,929

11,660
7,523
64.5
6,736
265
6,471
787
10.5
4,137

6,675
4,430
66.4
3,980
274
3,707
450
10.2
2,245

6,745
4,479
66.4
3,983
2,444
3,739
496
11.1
2,266

1,473
798
54.2
684
5
679
113
14.2
675

1,512
793
52.4
683
5
677
111
14.0
719

828
555
67.0
515
4
511
41
7.3
273

797
528
66.2
498
1
497
31
5.8
269

5,539
4,462
80.6
4,025
266
3,759
437
9.8
1,078

5,718
4,578
80.1
4,107
236
3,871
471
10.3
1,140

3,368
2,760
81.9
2,489
248
2,241
271
9.8
608

3,407
2,802
82.2
2,497
218
2,279
305
10.9
604

658
480
72.9
420
5
415
60
12.4
178

687
486
70.7
424
5
419
63
12.9
201

403
315
78.2
294
4
290
21
6.6
88

397
304
76.6
286
1
285
18
6.0
93

4,927
4,148
84.2
3,786
248
3,539
362
8.7
779

5,102
4,286
84.0
3,907
217
3,690
379
8.8
816

2,969
2,543
85.7
2,324
230
2,093
220
8.6
426

3,040
2,605
85.7
2,360
2,000
2,160
246
9.4
434

568
446
78.5
396
5
391
50
11.2
122

584
448
76.7
403
4
399
45
10.0
136

373
300
80.4
281
4
277
19
6.4
73

368
294
79.9
277
1
276
17
5.8
74

5,762
2,910
50.5
2,598
27
2,570
313
10.7
2,851

5,942
2,945
49.6
2,629
29
2,600
316
10.7
2,997

3,308
1,670
50.5
1,492
26
1,466
179
10.7
1,637

3,339
1,677
50.2
1,486
26
1,460
191
11.4
1,661

815
318
39.0
264
264
54
16.9
497

825
307
37.2
259
259
48
15.7
518

425
241
56.7
221
221
20
8.2
185

400
224
56.0
211
211
13
5.7
176

5,149
2,661
51.7
2,403
25
2,378
258
9.7
2,488

5,323
2,707
50.9
2,454
25
2,430
253
9.3
2,616

2,916
1,512
51.9
1,365
24
1,340
148
9.8
1,404

2,922
1,507
51.6
1,366
22
1,344
141
9.4
1,414

736
290
39.4
248
_
248
42
14.5
446

738
278
37.7
238
_
238
40
14.3
460

403
225
55.8
208
_
208
17
7.5
178

391
222
56.8
209
_
209
13
5.8
170

1,225
562
45.9
433
20
413
129
23.0
662

1,234
530
42.9
375
24
351
155
29.3
704

790
375
47.5
292
19
273
82
22.0
416

784
367
46.8
257
23
235
110
29.9
417

168
61
36.3
40
_
40
21
34.3
107

191
68
35.6
41
1
40
27
39.3
123

52
30

38
12
(2)
11
_
11
1
(2)
25

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.

64




0
26
_
26
4
(2)
22

NOTE: Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin
have been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984
have been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)

Category

IV
1984

IV
1985

Hispanic origin1

Black

White

Total

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

92,800
52,589
40,211

94,680
53,185
41,494

10,419
5,249
5,170

10,607
5,289
5,318

6,623
4,025
2,598

6,736
4,107
2,629

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women

106,186 108,258
59,469 60,089
46,717 48,168
OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

25,305
11,775
13,529

26,383
12,326
14,057

23,069
10,865
12,203

23,990
11,338
12,652

1,471
605
867

1,551
639
912

799
414
385

866
446
420

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

32,849
3,200
12,850
16,799

33,732
3,285
12,940
17,507

29,292
2,799
11,845
14,648

29,965
2,869
11,871
15,225

2,690
265
694
1,731

2,854
279
747
1,827

1,698
146
617
935

1,707
120
610
977

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

14,239
1,025
1,733
11,480

14,614
986
1,765
11,864

11,257
677
1,450
9,130

11,696
685
1,468
9,543

2,497
326
256
1,915

2,456
281
274
1,901

1,134
107
84
943

1,224
114
104
1,006

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,268
4,432
4,749
4,087

13,449
4,477
4,869
4,103

11,981
4,040
4,318
3,622

12,181
4,083
4,444
3,653

971
297
348
326

976
293
349
335

987
292
327
368

982
302
315
366

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,132
8,100
4,574
4,459
637
3,821

16,956
7,860
4,530
4,567
705
3,861

14,161
6,616
3,887
3,658
528
3,130

14,001
6,443
3,860
3,699
588
3,111

2,509
1,209
617
682
102
581

2,540
1,169
600
772
109
663

1,681
868
311
502
82
420

1,665
905
322
438
103
335

3,393

3,124

3,041

2,846

281

230

323

290

1,486
1,496
187

1,407
1,391
148

1,281
1,437
184

1,258
1,343
145

174
30
1

126
33
2

263
29

237
28

94,906
16,016
78,890
1,238
77,652
7,769
342

97,054
16,342
80,712
1,204
79,508
8,004
254

82,358
13,274
69,084
837
68,247
7,218
322

84,276
13,529
70,747
850
69,897
7,422
235

9,861
2,279
7,582
371
7,211
349
3

10,091
2,360
7,730
327
7,403
353
3

5,985
799
5,185
129
5,056
329
17

6,133
853
5,280
120
5,160
330
8

85,487
5,536
15,162

87,343
5,318
15,597

74,558
4,448
13,794

76,140
4,349
14,191

8,479
936
1,003

8,749
836
1,022

5,452
503
667

5,615
495
626

Farming, forestry, and fishing
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.
2
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed




according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

65

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Puerto Rican
origin

Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

6,623
4,025
2,598

6,736
4,107
2,629

3,980
2,489
1,492

3,983
2,497
1,486

684
420
264

683
424
259

515
294
221

498
286
211

799
414
385

866
446
420

380
208
172

407
193
215

95
53
42

96
51
45

88
45
43

105
60
45

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,698
146
617
935

1,707
120
610
977

935

946
70
347

218
20
63
135

172
13
56
104

156
3
58
95

163
8
49
106

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,134
107
84
943

1,224
114
104
1,006

649
64
41
545

679
59
53
567

122
2

21
98

124
2
18
105

75
2
8
65

63
4
4
55

987
292
327
368

982
302
315
366

657
187
230
241

640
198
214
228

60
20
21
19

78
18
22
39

72
21
17
33

67
19
21
27

1,681
868
311
502
82
420

1,665
905
322
438
103
335

1,069
510
203
355
68
287

1,051
539
210
302
81
221

179
107
35

202
114
44
44
4
40

118
67
17
34
3
31

98
52
23
23
4
19

323

290

291

259

263
29

237
28

254
20

223
21

5,985
799
5,185
129
5,056
329
17

6,133
853

3,509
473
3,037

650
102
548
2
546
27

468
31
437
2
435
40
3

460
42
418
4
414
38

8

2,959
189
8

3,554
499
3,055
63
2,992

5,452
503
667

5,615
495
626

3,248
354
379

573
31
79

424
25
66

435
22
40

Cuban origin

Category
IV
1984

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1985

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

90
350
494

528

38
37
11

9

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

5,280
120
5,160
330

78

662
112
550
2

6

548
14
3

3,284
353
346

586
39
58

179

2

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons .

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.

66




NOTE: Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin
have been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984
have been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin1

Black
IV
1985

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

106,186

108,258

92,800

94,680

10,419

10,607

6,623

6,736

6,099
2,281
3,818
14,266
85,820
71,502
14,318

6,032
2,299
3,734
13,952
88,273
73,851
14,422

5,512
2,107
3,405
12,381
74,907
62,073
12,835

5,434
2,115
3,320
12,215
77,030
64,189
12,842

458
131
326
1,521
8,440
7,261
1,179

482
143
339
1,415
8,710
7,442
1,267

433
138
295
1,068
5,122
4,576
546

375
401
274
1,116
5,245
4,654
590

59,469

60,089

52,589

53,185

5,249

5,289

4,025

4,107

3,101
1,146
1,955
7,529
48,839
40,426
8,413

3,030
1,157
1,873
7,269
49,791
41,287
8,504

2,808
1,060
1,748
6,542
43,239
35,581
7,659

2,736
1,066
1,669
6,349
44,100
36,426
7,674

229
62
167
804
4,216
3,647
568

244
72
171
746
4,299
3,646
652

239
76
162
643
3,144
2,806
338

200
57
143
689
3,218
2,853
365

46,717

48,168

40,211

41,494

5,170

5,318

2,598

2,629

2,998
1,135
1,863
6,737
36,982
31,075
5,907

3,003
1,142
1,861
6,683
38,483
32,564
5,919

2,704
1,047
1,657
5,840
31,668
26,492
5,176

2,699
1,048
1,650
5,866
32,930
27,763
5,168

229
70
159
718
4,224
3,614
611

238
71
167
669
4,411
3,796
615

194
62
132
426
1,978
1,770
208

175
44
131
427
2,027
1,801
225

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

IV
1984

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-63. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)
Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin1

Black

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

7.0

6.7

6.0

5.7

14.6

14.6

10.2

10.5

18.2
19.6
17.3
10.5
5.4
5.7
4.2

18.9
21.3
17.4
10.3
5.2
5.4
3.7

15.4
17.3
14.2
8.5
4.8
4.9
3.9

15.9
18.4
14.3
8.3
4.5
4.7
3.6

42.0
45.1
40.7
23.3
10.5
11.0
7.4

41.7
48.0
38.5
24.1
10.5
11.3
5.4

23.0
27.5
20.6
12.5
8.4
8.3
9.3

29.3
39.8
24.4
12.1
8.4
8.3
8.5

6.8

6.6

5.9

5.6

14.7

15.1

9.8

10.3

19.8
20.8
19.2
10.8
5.2
5.4
4.3

20.7
22.3
19.7
10.5
5.0
5.2
3.9

16.9
18.8
15.7
9.0
4.6
4.7
3.9

17.5
19.5
16.1
8.9
4.3
4.4
3.7

44.7
45.7
44.3
22.5
10.4
10.6
9.0

44.1
47.8
42.3
21.6
11.3
12.1
6.4

23.8
29.7
20.7
13.0
7.8
7.6
9.6

31.5
38.4
28.3
12.7
8.0
8.0
8.1

7.1

6.9

6.1

5.8

14.5

14.1

10.7

10.7

16.5
18.4
15.3
10.2
5.7
6.0
4.0

17.1
20.3
15.0
10.2
5.4
5.7
3.5

13.7
15.7
12.4
8.0
5.0
5.2
3.8

14.3
17.2
12.4
7.7
4.7
4.9
3.4

39.1
44.6
36.3
24.2
10.7
11.4
5.9

38.9
48.1
34.0
26.7
9.8
10.6
4.3

21.9
24.8
20.5
11.7
9.3
9.3
8.8

26.5
41.5
19.6
11.2
8.9
8.9
9.3

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have




White

been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

67

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-64. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Weeks of unemployment

Hispanic origin1

Black

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

7,945
3,267
2,428
2,250
939
1,312

7,816
3,289
2,481
2,047
899
1,147

5,901
2,492
1,802
1,606
685
920

5,746
2,507
1,837
1,402
633
769

1,788
663
549
575
211
364

1,816
674
559
583
240
343

749
337
235

787
351
262

177
84
92

174

16.8
7.0

15.4
6.7

16.1
6.7

14.4
6.3

19.6
7.1

18.5
7.4

13.7
6.3

12.4
6.3

100.0
41.1
30.6
28.3
11.8
16.5

100.0
42.1
31.7
26.2
11.5
14.7

100.0
42.2
30.5
27.2
11.6
15.6

100.0
43.6
32.0
24.4
11.0
13.4

100.0
37.1
30.7
32.2
11.8
20.4

100.0
37.1
30.8
32.1
13.2
18.9

100.0
45.0
31.4
23.6
11.2
12.3

100.0
44.6
33.3
22.1
11.2
10.9

DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

88
86

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-65. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Reasons for unemployment

Hispanic origin1

Black

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

7,945
4,063
1,022
3,042
862
2,118

5,901
3,118
882
2,236
701
1,515

5,746
2,904

902

7,816
3,877
1,064
2,813
882
2,149
910

567

725
1,529
588

1,788
826
117
708
126
531
305

1,816
855
135
720
140
542
280

749
403
99
304
75
174
98

787
441
111
331
85
157
100

100.0
51.1
12.9
38.3
10.8
26.7
11.3

100.0
49.6
13.6
36.0
11.3
27.5
11.6

100.0
52.8
15.0
37.9
11.9
25.7
9.6

100.0
50.5
15.8
34.7
12.6
26.6
10.2

100.0
46.2
6.6
39.6
7.0
29.7
17.1

100.0
47.1
7.4
39.7
7.7
29.8
15.4

100.0
53.7
13.2
40.5
10.0
23.2
13.1

100.0
56.1
14.1
42.0
10.8
19.9
12.7

3.6
.8
1.9
.8

3.3
.8
1.9
.8

3.2
.7
1.5
.6

2.9
.7
1.5
.6

6.8
1.0
4.3
2.5

6.9
1.1
4.4
2.3

5.5
1.0
2.4
1.3

5.9
1.1
2.1
1.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

911
1,994

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

68



NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-66. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Employed

Total
Veteran status and age

Percent of
labor force

Number

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1984

IV
1985

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,528
6,495
1,567
3,382
1,546
1,033

7,681
6,458
1,298
3,247
1,913
1,223

7,059
6,256
1,506
3,263
1,487
803

7,174
6,219
1,249
3,136
1,834
955

6,699
5,929
1,391
3,111
1,427
770

6,817
5,901
1,156
2,974
1,771
915

361
328
116
152
60
33

357
317
93
162
63
40

5.1
5.2
7.7
4.7
4.0
4.1

5.0
5.1
7.4
5.2
3.4
4.2

16,620
7,622
4,848
4,150

17,615
8,064
5,208
4,344

15,780
7,264
4,602
3,914

16,697
7,684
4,924
4,089

14,996
6,873
4,380

15,862
7,273
4,700
3,889

784
391
222
171

835
411
224
200

5.0
5.4
4.8
4.4

5.0
5.3
4.5
4.9

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

25- to 29-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table because
the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 30-34 age category) and the
numbers remaining for some labor force categories are not large
enough to warrant their continued publication.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for

A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonveterans

Veterans

Employment status and age

White

Hispanic origin

Black

Black

White

Hispanic origin

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

5,799
5,617
5,349

5,750
5,562
5,309

592
542
493
50
9.2

607
568
514
54
9.5

0
0
0
(1)
0

265
245
230
15
6.1

1,766
1,568
1,409

1,807
1,588
1,401

O

1,490
1,376
1,261

181
165
147
18

143
136
119
17

10.9

12.5

o
0
o
0
o

279
258
238
19
7.4

307
289
261
29

TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

268
4.8

253
4.5

14,172 15,153
13,584 14,504
13,001 13,891

583
4.3

613
4.2

6,540
6,293
5,997

6,962
6,714
6,418

296
4.7

295
4.4

140
131
124
7
5.3

4,096
3,924
3,764

4,492
4,274
4,113

159
4.1

161
3.8

65
60
60
-

3,536
3,367
3,240

3,699
3,516
3,360

128
3.8

157
4.5

160

188

10.2

11.8

793
706
626
80

838
732
631
102

11.3

13.9

524
469
425
45
9.6

505
450
398
52
11.6

449
393
358
35
8.9

464
406
372
34
8.4

0
0
0

o

115
8.4

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,363
1,320
1,228

91
6.9

1,134
1,096
1,026

71
6.5

60
54
46
8

o

659
618
565
53
8.6

o

459
423
382
41
9.7

0

372
335
314
21
6.3

0
o
0
(1)

35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

3,048
2,955
2,825

130
4.4

2,892
2,804
2,673

130
4.6

(1)
o
0

10.0

0
0

157
143
134
8
5.6

01
()
0
o
0

0
(1)
o
0

40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,388
1,342
1,296

1,724
1,662
1,610

47
3.5

52
3.1

132
119
108
13
10.9

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not
available for 1984.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to




o
0

01
()

the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 25- to 29-yearold veterans are no longer shown in this table because the group is
rapidly disappearing (into the 30-34 age category) and the numbers
remaining for some labor force categories are not large enough to
warrant their continued publication. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the
white and black population groups.

69

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-68. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)

IV
1985

IV
1984

With unemployment:

With unemployment:

Percent of families:

Percent of families:
Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
families

Total

With at
Total
With no With at
least one families
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
in
person in
employed
family
family
full time

Total

With at
With no With at
least one
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
person in
in
employed
family
family
full time

TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

62,194
30,955
50,082
24,248
9,788
5,875
2,324
832

5,922
3,541

4,169
2,556
1,443
881
310
105

30.6
32.7
22.3
21.4
52.1
62.4
41.9
61.0

69.4
67.3
77.7
78.6
47.9
37.6
58.1
39.0

60.0
57.8
68.4
69.0
37.6
28.4
51.3
31.4

62,915
31,416
50,424
24,386
10,055

27.9
29.1
22.4
21.6
48.6
59.4
41.8
58.4

72.1
70.9
77.6
78.4
51.4
40.6
58.2
41.6

62.8
61.4
68.5
69.1
40.7
30.4
51.2
32.5

54,402
26,388
45,625
21,690

40.1
44.6
19.7
16.9
56.2
65.3
48.0

59.9
55.4
80.3
83.1
43.8
34.7
52.0

49.9
45.4
69.7
70.8
33.7
26.6
45.3

6,913
4,053
3,537
1,885

6,134
2,436

897

5,890
3,571

4,139
2,554
1,405
887
347
130

30.1
32.1
21.3
20.0
52.8
63.5
42.8
56.2

69.9
67.9
78.7
80.0
47.2
36.5
57.2
43.8

60.7
58.4
69.6
70.4
37.2
27.5
49.1
34.6

27.0
27.6
21.0
19.1
49.5
58.9
40.9
55.6

73.0
72.4
79.0
80.9
50.5
41.1
59.1
44.4

63.7
62.6
69.9
71.0
40.1
31.4
50.2
35.4

40.5
47.0
22.4
23.1
56.6
68.8
46.5

59.5
53.0
77.6
76.9
43.4
31.2
53.5

50.8
44.9
68.9
68.3
34.4
23.5
47.9

33.1
35.4
24.0
24.1
57.0
65.1
43.5
75.0

66.9
64.6
76.0
75.9
43.0
34.9
56.5
25.0

58.1
55.8
67.2
67.3
36.7
27.7
43.5
6.3

White
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

53,941
age
age
age
age

26,014
45,434
21,583

6,694
3,781
1,814
650

4,526
2,660
3,516
2,132

796
451
214
77

6,841
3,978

1,935
719

4,439
2,661
3,424
2,088
758
474
257

99

Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age

6,655
3,930
3,394

age

1,830
2,858

age

1,944
403

age

156

1,201
755
512
326
614
406
76
23

0

0

0

2,970
2,015
407
152

1,256
779
572
362
613
392

71
25

0

0

0

Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of
1

age
age
age
age

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not
available for 1984.
2

70




4,026
2,663
2,817
1,859
972
707
238

97

571
378

396
278
129
84
46

16

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-69. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1984

IV
1985

Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With no
employed
person in
family

Percent of unemployed:

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

6,676
1,610
1,028
1,405
920
1,636

33.2
43.9
46.9
18.2
17.2
12.5

66.8
56.1
53.1
81.8
82.8
87.5

57.7
41.4
37.2
75.0
75.8
82.1

6,505
1,529
979
1,356
909
1,654

32.5
42.7
45.1
16.7
15.3
12.9

67.5
57.3
54.9
83.3
84.7
87.1

58.1
43.0
38.6
76.1
77.2
81.1

622
511
1,050
135
63
219

83.2
91.0
35.6
69.6
91.7
28.1

16.8
9.0
64.4
30.4
8.3
71.9

10.2
3.4
52.2
24.1
4.9
65.1

613
524
966
146
81
241

83.4
90.5
35.0
72.1
88.1
28.6

16.6
9.5
65.0
27.9
11.9
71.4

11.0
5.3
51.9

21.2
5.5
62.6

4,971
1,368
859
1,187
767
1,314

30.5
44.8
48.3
17.6
16.9
11.7

69.5
55.2
51.7
82.4
83.1
88.3

60.3
40.6
36.1
75.8
76.3
82.8

4,785
1,263
788
1,144
746
1,287

29.3
42.3
43.9
15.6
13.4
12.0

70.7
57.7
56.1
84.4
86.6
88.0

61.2
42.3
38.6
78.0
80.0
82.2

329
257
541
98
46
134

79.2
88.3
33.5
68.6
(2)
24.8

20.8
11.7
66.5
31.4
(2)
75.2

12.5
3.1
55.3
26.6
(2)
67.3

338
275
475
109
62
169

78.9
88.9
31.8
71.7
87.8
22.7

21.1
11.1
68.2
28.3
12.2
77.3

54.9
20.0
5.2
67.9

1,492
181
123
174
121
275

41.7
32.9
34.4
22.8
19.9
15.6

58.3
67.1
65.6
77.2
80.1

48.7
50.9
45.7
67.8
70.1
79.1

1,504
213
148
167
128
305

42.5
43.3
48.9
21.8
24.7
16.8

57.5
56.7
51.1
78.2
75.3
83.2

49.0
48.4
40.6
66.5
64.5
77.1

278
240
489
28
14
68

87.6
93.5
38.4

12.4
6.5
61.6

7.9
3.8
48.2

89.3
92.6
38.5

10.7
7.4
61.5

7.5
5.4
49.1

39.1

60.9

258
235
473
27
13
59

659
156
119
123
85
188

33.2
45.9
51.7
16.7
16.4
11.3

66.8
54.1
48.3
83.3
83.6
88.7

57.8
41.6
36.4
75.0
77.6
81.5

40.8

59.2

3.8
48.9

White
1

Total unemployed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

13.8
5.3

Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families

57
45
83
25
12
27

Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in
aggregating the data.




2

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have been revised
to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
3

71

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1985

IV
1984

Percent of employed:

Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ....
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ....
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

87,558
37,942
22,170
25,593
13,974
11,662

24.0
32.6
34.7
9.1
5.5
6.7

76.0
67.4
65.3
90.9
94.5
93.3

64.4
48.7
43.6
86.1
90.8
89.3

88,878
38,167
22,413
26,466
14,569
11,572

23.3
31.2
32.9
8.8
4.9
7.0

76.7
68.8
67.1
91.2
95.1
93.0

65.0
49.9
44.8
86.3
91.1
88.7

5,326
3,467
4,096
1,618
704
1,322

63.0
79.4
25.2
52.7
80.8
18.5

37.0
20.6
74.8
47.3
19.2
81.5

24.0
9.1
64.5
34.9
10.3
74.0

5,492
3,637
4,183
1,697
729
1,301

63.8
79.2
24.9
53.7
80.2
17.9

36.2
20.8
75.1
46.3
19.8
82.1

23.8
9.9
65.1
34.4
10.1
75.2

77,013
34,543
19,896
22,936
12,317
10,394

23.4
33.1
35.4
8.7
5.0
6.8

76.6
66.9
64.6
91.3
95.0
93.2

64.6
47.6
41.9
86.6
91.5
89.4

78,139
34,691
20,121
23,665
12,848
10,371

22.7
31.6
33.5
8.4
4.5
6.9

77.3
68.4
66.5
91.6
95.5
93.1

65.2
48.9
43.2
86.7
91.7

3,801
2,433
3,008
1,281
559
1,051

59.9
77.3
25.4
52.0
79.3
17.5

40.1
22.7
74.6
48.0
20.7
82.5

25.4
9.0
64.6
35.4
10.0
75.3

3,879
2,557
3,091
1,387
591
1,055

61.1
77.0
25.2
52.7
79.6
17.4

38.9
23.0
74.8
47.3
20.4
82.6

25.0
10.3
65.1
35.4
10.7
75.4

8,089
2,437
1,577
1,961
1,200

29.7
25.5
25.4
14.0
9.3
6.5

70.3
74.5
74.6
86.0
90.7
93.5

61.2
62.0
61.8
80.7
85.3
87.5

8,280
2,499
1,607
2,017
1,217
859

29.9
25.7
25.1
12.9
8.2
9.4

70.1
74.3
74.9
87.1
91.8
90.6

61.1
61.5
61.7
81.6
86.1
86.7

1,406
961
967
267
130
184

71.6
84.4
25.3
59.2
87.5
24.5

28.4
15.6
74.7
40.8
12.5
75.5

19.8
9.1
63.5
30.7
10.7
68.5

1,495
1,016
969
251
123
190

71.1
84.3
24.5
60.4
82.5
21.7

28.9
15.7
75.5
39.6
17.5
78.3

20.3
8.7
64.5
26.3
7.4
72.2

5,460
2,231
1,621
1,331
860
783

28.1
40.7
44.1
9.7
6.5
7.3

71.9
59.3
55.9
90.3
93.5
92.7

62.6
46.7
42.2
83.8
86.8
87.6

419
305
371
168
72
157

61.9
75.3
23.1
46.3
75.3
10.4

38.1
24.7
76.9
53.7
24.7

27.7
16.9
67.9
46.0
22.9
81.5

White
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .,
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ..
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ..
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in
aggregating the data.

72




2
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have been revised
to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-71.

Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin

Type of family, number of earners,
race, and Hispanic origin

Number of families
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

IV
1984

IV
1985

41,403
33,599
13,193
10,314

41,775
33,741
12,840
9,862
2,185

IV
1984

IV
1985

TOTAL
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners

2,166
713
20,406
17,646
2,164
463

132
6,116
4,214
3,275

793
20,901
18,185
2,091
475

150
6,330
4,343
3,418

940

926

1,902
1,688
1,008

1,987

681

1,703
994
709

$514
569
378
425
204
215
696
702
702
437
422
288
227
238
188
479
452
359
640

$534
594
385
446
211
202
729
739
709
446
535
304
238
247
199
495
448
347
620

532
577
386
436
206
703
708
306
473

558
603
397
460
212
738
748
325
473

381
478
273
333
188
611
622
242
406

378
491
249
287
201
619
641
256
362

White
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men

35,678
30,082
11,946

36,005

9,465

9,070

1,839
18,136
15,648
4,323
1,273

1,863
18,542
16,086
4,501
1,334

4,599

4,713
2,700

30,170
11,628

Black
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men

2,624

.....

882
554
282
1,743
1,555
1,641
334

869
536
255
1,832
1,638
1,709
304

Hispanic origin
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
1
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or
in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is
either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
2
Data on Hispanic families for 1984 are not available on a revised
basis that reflects the adjustments to the population totals introduced in
January 1985.
3
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Data on families for 1984 reflect revised editing and weighting




2,855
2,189

995
843

99
1,194
950
490
175

402
438
278
292
(3)
617
634
284
353

procedures and may differ slightly from previously published data.
Moreover, data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50
centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for
1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and Hispanicorigin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups.

73

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-72. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median weekly
earnings
Type of family and relationship of
unemployed members to wage and
salary earners

Number of families
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings
IV
1984

IV
1985

2,818

$381

$379

856
686

778
617

218
206

213
203

97
73

95
66

Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other earner(s)....
Other earner(s) only

1,032
850

987
830

159
23

145
11

383
359
566

393
348
610

Other member(s) unemployed
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners .

992
444
511
37

1,053
442
542
70

586
471
739

542
409
748

Families maintained by women 1 ...
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed

705
115
590

638
89
549

242
169
257

265
(2)
265

Families maintained by men '

173

207

394

334

Married-couple families 1
Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other earner(s)
Other earner(s) only

1
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or
in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is
either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Data on families for 1984 reflect revised editing and weighting

74




IV
1984

IV
1985

2,881

procedures and may differ slightly from previously published data.
Moreover, data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50
centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for
1984 have been recalculated.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY DATA
A-73.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic

Median weekly earnings

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

75,839

77,258

$335

$351

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

45,186
6,802
38,384

45,683

6,646
39,037

400
241
429

413
251
450

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

30,654
5,505
25,149

31,575
5,424
26,151

270
207
288

283
212
300

30,455
16,400
4,133
1,304

30,489
16,719
4,263
1,347

440
277
271
391

464
289
288
393

5,853
3,855
7,575
6,264

6,007
4,037
7,838
6,559

239
214
372
292

249
217
388
309

White
Men
Women

65,390
39,630
25,760

66,504
40,027
26,476

346
409
273

364
424
287

Black
Men
Women

8,250
4,339
3,911

8,535
4,414
4,122

273
306
247

281
307
255

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men 1
All other women 1
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1
The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in married-couple families
where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces and persons in
unrelated subfamilies.
2
Data on Hispanic wage and salary earners for 1984 are not
available on a revised basis that reflects the adjustments to the
population totals introduced in January 1985.




5,289
3,379
1,910

271
299
231

NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using
$50 centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used;
data for 1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in
both the white and black population groups.

75

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-74. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Characteristic

Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

IV
1984

IV
1985

IV
1984

IV
1985

17,651

18,313

$92

$95

5,445
3,306
2,140

5,537
3,249
2,288

89
72
117

87
71
118

12,206
4,023
8,182

12,776
4,097
8,679

93
68

98
72

106

111

1,300

1,434
6,824

116

128
113
102

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men 2
All other women 2

6,431
845
108

3,159
3,281

931
86

108
96
139
71
63

69

113
97

105

95
87
99
90
82
93

1,649

3,002
3,322
1,015
1,700

White
Men
Women

15,493
4,651

16,251
4,814

10,842

11,437

92
88
94

Black
Men
Women

1,733
607
1,126

1,636
571
1,065

92
97
89

878

O

68
102

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1

Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in married-couple families
where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces and persons in
unrelated subfamilies.
3
Data on Hispanic wage and salary earners for 1984 are not
available on a revised basis that reflects the adjustments to the
2

76




996
394
602

99
100

99

population totals introduced in January 1985.
NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using
$50 centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used;
data for 1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in
both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-75.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Occupation and sex
IV
1984

IV
1985

18,994
9,050
9,944
23,007
2,597
7,180
13,230
7,437
338
1,469
5,630
10,856
3,786
3,394
3,676

19,755
9,499
10,256
23,700
2,758
7,222

14,205
7,456
3,736
3,014
1,341

11,129
5,812
5,317
8,662
1,453
4,277
2,932
3,688
15

IV
1984

IV
1985

13,953
7,028
3,597
3,328
1,121

$484
493
476
300
383
318
279
213
141
379
200
387
389
386
384
291
280
356
258
205

$493
497
490
312
404
350
292
217
140
384
204
402
409
396
401
297
290
357
257
218

11,267
5,876
5,391
8,970
1,573
4,355
3,043
3,927
1
1,378
2,548
10,092
3,750
3,453
2,889
10,445
4,309
3,381
2,754
982

573
581
559
407
451
406
386
267
(1)
395
220
396
391
387
416
322
327
361
270
207

587
593
581
426
466
434
401
276

8,488
3,623
4,865
14,730
1,186
2,867
10,677
3,796
338
133
3,324
914
166
37
711
3,508
2,718
216
574
139

389
374
398
261
327
214
263
183
140
292
185
262
336

406
386
419
275
337
236
276
184
139
270
187
271
414

248
220
219
290
212
179

250
216
215
287
212
193

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13,720
7,723

339
1,511
5,872

11,006
3,916
3,490
3,600

Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

1,319
2,354

10,023
3,672
3,349
3,002
10,449
4,456
3,528
2,465
1,235

O

397
233
412
409
397
437
327
345
367
269
224

Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using




7,865
3,238
4,627
14,345
1,144

2,903
10,298
3,749
323
150
3,276
833

113
45
675
3,757
3,000
207
549
105

0

O

$50 centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used;
data for 1984 have been recalculated.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1934 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Services
and
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

n

Annual averages

1934
1935

1936
1937
1938

1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

1945
1946

1947
1948

1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

1955
1956

1957
1958
19592

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966

1967
1968

1969
1970

1971
1972
1973
1974

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982

1983
1984
1985^

(1)
(1)

1,304
1,320
1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447

3,045
3,128
3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502

652
753
826
833
829
905

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(11)
()
01
(1)
(1)
()
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,862
69,731
72,638

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,171
5,301

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,550
5,770

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,584
17,418

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,682
5,924

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,761
21,931

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,873

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,712
3,781

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,465
9,640

25,940
27,039
29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603

22,641
23,558
25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608

10,261
10,893
11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297

883
897
946
1,015
891
854

877
927
1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165

8,501
9,069
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278

15,679
16,146
17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306

2,750
2,786
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,196
94,461
97,692

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,477
81,397

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,730
25,054

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
974
969

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,345
4,661

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,412
19,424

01
(1)
()
01
(1)
()

0)
(11)
(1)
()

0

0)

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1984:
December
1985:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1

96,092

80,010

25,045

973

4,469

19,603

71,047

5,246

5,665

17,026

5,776

21,252

2,836

3,722

9,524

96,419
96,591
96,910
97,120
97,421
97,473
97,707
97,977
98,217
98,559
98,739
99,059

80,319
80,480
80,767
80,962
81,208
81,260
81,366
81,634
81,765
82,073
82,276
82,536

25,112
25,062
25,056
25,090
25,066
25,010
24,980
25,015
24,962
25,051
25,076
25,136

974
976
977
982
982
974
969
965
962
960
953
952

4,534
4,525
4,553
4,641
4,658
4,638
4,660
4,688
4,721
4,753
4,748
4,764

19,604
19,561
19,526
19,467
19,426
19,398
19,351
19,362
19,279
19,338
19,375
19,420

71,307
71,529
71,854
72,030
72,355
72,463
72,727
72,962
73,255
73,508
73,663
73,923

5,259
5,272
5,269
5,278
5,301
5,295
5,302
5,282
5,317
5,327
5,341
5,358

5,686
5,697
5,714
5,733
5,748
5,768
5,773
5,791
5,805
5,830
5,834
5,855

17,090
17,160
17,249
17,280
17,392
17,425
17,453
17,514
17,539
17,610
17,621
17,648

5,790
5,809
5,835
5,858
5,888
5,906
5,932
5,959
5,987
6,011
6,046
6,066

21,382
21,480
21,644
21,723
21,813
21,856
21,926
22,073
22,155
22,244
22,358
22,473

2,836
2,834
2,850
2,859
2,873
2,872
2,878
2,886
2,904
2,892
2,892
2,899

3,730
3,733
3,744
3,749
3,759
3,765
3,788
3,789
3,818
3,827
3,833
3,841

9,534
9,544
9,549
9,550
9,581
9,576
9,675
9,668
9,730
9,767
9,738
9,783

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1984
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1984) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1981) are subject to revision.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

686

683

46.1
8.7
12.8

38.5
7.5
10.2

36.7
5.7
10.0

34.1
6.6
9.5

33.9
6.5
9.5

150.8
148.3

147.3
144.8

156.2
154.7

155.1
153.5

425.1
121.1
304.0

425.7
121.2
304.5

407.3
122.1
285.2

407.6
122.7
284.9

85.7
29.7

80.8
27.6

88.1
31.6

86.5
31.0

4,707

3,586

3,437

3,981

3,860

1,213., 1,183.0 1,323.0 1,303.7 1,262.4
603.5 587.0 649.4 641.6
59.1
58.9
63.8
63.0
550.6 537.1
609.8 599.1

908.8
438.0
31.3
439.5

877.7 1,001.
478.5
422.6
31.0
34.3
424.1
488.7

978.7
469.1
32.7
476.9

645.3
219.5
425.8

595.3
183.7
411.6

664.4
226.;
438.;

964

958

53.8
10.4
15.1

50.6
7.9
14.5

46.4
8.7
13.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

1,12
2

187.5
184.6

183.9
181.0

191.1
188.9

190.0
187.8

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids .
Oil and gas field services

3
31,2
38

629.9
262.2
367.7

630.4
262.0
368.4

610.6
261.8
348.8

608.6
261.1
347.5

111.8
37.0
35.6
20.6

106.5
34.7
33.2
20.3

115.6
38.8
37.8
20.0

113.6
37.9
36.9
20.1

4,569

4,418

5,014

4,900

14
142
144
147

Construction ...
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods.




Nov.
1985 P

691

971

0
01
02

80

Oct.
1985

700

983

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

See footnotes at end of table.

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985 P

80,257 80,421 82,697 82,785 82,959 65,120 65,235 67,080 67,145 67,285

Mining.

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Nov.
1984

96,645 96,719 99,309 99,527 99,700

Total private.

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals ...

Dec.
1985P

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

783.8
260.8
523.0

732.1
223.7
508.4

855.
308.6
546.6

950

609.9

802.3
270
531.8

2,572.1 2,503. 2,835.3 2,794.1
584.0 581.1
638.6 632.
164.4
153.3
185.3
172.9
468.;
473.7
502.5 507.6
407.3 395.4 464.9 460.
149.1
145.9
170.2
164.5
201.1
193.5 209.7 206.0

716.4
264.0
452.4

675

3,673

2,031.7 1,963.8 2,263.1 2,216.
432.4 429.1
477.3 470.5
137.4
155.6
126.8
143.7
359.6 363.0 389.7 393.8
349.4 337.8 400.0 395.3
112.8
129.6
109.9
125.6
165.1
171.9
157.4
168.1

19,607

19,557 19,473 19,423 19,37:

13,425

13,358

13,263

13,215

13,170

11,687

11,679 11,545 11,526 11,50;

7,85)

7,828

7,670

7,654

7,628

589.7
70.8
177.5
146.0
27.6
183.
67.;
47.9
20.6
33.4
35.0
55.9
41.8
66.8

579.4
66.5
176.8
145.3
27.8
182,
66.5
48.2
20,
32.9
34.1
53.8
40.0
65.8

607.;
72.8
176.6
145.
27.
194.7
72.1
51.1
20.5
34.5
36.2
60.0
44.7
66.9

596.1
69.6
173.5
142.5
27.0
193.6
71.0
51.1
20.8
34.5
35.1
57.8
42.8
66.5

587.4

707.0
91.7
200.3
164.1
31.7
220.2
82.6
58.
23.5
36.8
73.3
52.3
80.

695.3
86.3
199,
163.;
31.8
219.1
82.,
58.7
23.
36.2
40,
71.0
50,
79.1

720.4
88.0
199.
163.5
31.0
233.2
88.9
62.5
23.4
37.4
42.
77.3
55.3
79.9

709.8
84.1
196.5
160.8
30.9
232.3
87.8
62.9
23.6
37.4
41.6
75,
53.9
79.9

700.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

1972
SIC
Code

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

252
253
254
259

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ..
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433

322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326

327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

Allemployees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Production workers

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

500.0
299.3
134.0
93.6
28.6
29.3
67.9
27.3
68.6
36.9

501.4
300.5
133.8
94.1
30.0
28.5
68.2
27.3
68.1
37.3

499.6
292.6
130.8
94.6
25.7
28.0
69.5
28.1
69.3
40.1

501.4
294.4
130.9
95.0
27.3
27.9
69.7
28.2
68.2
40.9

502.0
_

402.3
251.5
116.8
77.2
23.3
22.5
52.5
21.0
51.1
26.2

402.7
252.4
116.7
77.5
24.6
21.6
52.5
21.0
50.4
26.4

398.6
245.0
114.0
77.8
20.4
21.5
53.5
21.6
51.0
27.5

400.4
247.0
114.2
78.4
22.0
21.4
53.6
21.6
50.0
28.2

400.1
_

603.5
15.8
97.2
50.5
46.7
49.4
24.6
38.0
40.3
206.8
18.3
69.1
99.9
119.7
22.6
12.2
28.4

593.2
15.8
95.4
49.2
46.2
49.5
24.6
37.6
39.3
200.1
17.8
68.0
94.8
119.5
22.7
12.2
28.1

613.1
15.3
92.9
49.6
43.3
53.4
24.0
38.8
38.6
222.7
19.4
75.2
107.5
115.8
21.3
10.9
27.6

606.5
15.0
92.9
49.9
43.0
53.2
23.6
38.2
38.2
218.3
19.1
73.9
104.7
115.6
21.2
10.8
27.6

595.5

464.7
12.6
82.0
44.6
37.4
34.8

472.3
11.9
79.2
44.2
35.0
37.5
18.8
30.1
30.6
174.4
13.2
57.9
87.3
80.8
13.7
8.3
-

467.4
11.8
79.5
44.7
34.8
37.1
18.4
29.6
30.3
170.8
13.1
56.7
84.9
80.9

455.3

9.3
-

454.3
12.6
80.4
43.4
37.0
34.7
19.1
29.0
31.2
154.1
12.0
50.9
76.0
84.1
15.2
9.3
-

840.3
311.8
244.8
23.7
149.8
95.8
10.7
29.7
50.8
26.7
194.8
27.4
32.0
82.8
88.0
54.0

833.5
310.3
244.0
23.2
145.3
91.5
10.8
29.2
50.6
26.4
194.4
27.3
32.0
82.7
87.6
53.6

792.7
286.6
222.5
23.5
142.0
89.0
10.2
28.8
44.6
24.2
189.8
24.8

794.7
293.0
229.3
23.1
140.9
88.2
10.3
28.4
43.3
23.5
188.6
24.5
31.2
79.2
85.3
52.2

791.2
293.6
_

637.0
238.0
188.1
17.4
118.7
78.2

630.2
236.6
187.7
16.9
114.8
74.6

599.3
218.3
171.7
17.2
72.5

602.9
225.5
179.2
16.7
111.3
72.0

7.8

7.9

7.4

7.6

22.4
36.8
20.5
138.8
20.6
23.4
60.0
71.0
44.2

21.9
36.4
20.2
138.2
20.6
23.5
59.6
70.5
43.8

21.6
31.8
18.1
135.2
19.1
22.6
56.9
69.5
43.3

21.2
30.8
17.6
134.0
18.8
22.1
57.0
68.8
42.8

31.1
79.3
86.1
52.8

-

19.1

_

29.4
32.3
160.8
12.3
52.3
80.9
84.3

15.1
-

_

_

111.9

-

_
_
_

14.1
8.1
-

_
600.2
226.2

_
_
_
_
-

1,492.7 1,489.3 1,474.8 1,471.1 1,463.1 1,105.0 1,101.0 1,092.5 1,087.1 1,082.4
_
_
56.0
56.0
46.4
54.3
54.4
47.3
47.3
46.5
43.3
44.6
44.6
38.4
37.8
38.0
43.7
38.5
150.8 145.1
111.4 111.6 107.3
150.3
107.9
145.6
_
49.5
47.8
49.5
36.4
35.0
47.7
36.6
35.0
_
84.0
87.7
65.8
63.4
87.2
84.5
63.9
66.2
65.3
62.8
63.1
46.7
65.1
45.3
45.2
46.8
_
24.1
24.0
24.3
24.3
18.2
17.7
17.8
18.5
_
31.4
29.0
29.7
30.9
19.4
21.6
21.3
19.9
_
449.7 445.2 455.1
450.7
312.3 307.9 320.8 316.5
82.6
80.4
80.9
83.3
58.7
57.2
59.3
58.0
84.3
92.2
63.4
86.2
90.9
61.6
67.5
68.6
101.0 100.0
101.6 101.6
60.9
61.1
63.7
62.8
_
115.4 113.9
116.1
114.6
86.1
84.4
84.5
85.8
28.4
28.2
28.9
28.6
20.7
20.3
20.1
20.9
-

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
oode

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469

347
3471
3479

348
3483

349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361

See footnotes at end of table.

82



3511
3519

352
3523

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537

354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546

355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568

357
3573

358
3585

359
3592
3599

3612
3613

362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634

Production workers

All employees

1972
Industry

Nov.
1984

99.1
47.4
51.7
255.0
35.3
101.6
107.5
109.9
75.8
34.1
78.2
42.5
231.4
88.1
51.7

Dec.
1984

99.3
47.8
51.5
256.3
35.0
103.0
107.6
109.7
75.2
34.5
78.1
42.6
231.1
87.8
51.5

Oct.
1985

96.8
45.5
51.3
245.8
30.7
102.9
102.0
108.6
73.7
34.9
79.8
44.8
224.0
85.9
51.4

Nov.
1985P

96.5
45.4
51.1
245.3
30.6
103.0
101.2
109.2
74.3
34.9
80.2
45.9
224.1
85.9
52.2

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

76.1
38.6
37.5
204.9
27.2
86.8
83.0
88.3
61.8
26.5
51.1
28.0
168.3
59.3
39.5

Dec.
1984

76.1
38.9
37.2
206.1
27.1
88.1
83.0
88.1
61.2
26.9
50.6
27.7
168.1
59.3
39.5

Oct.
1985

73.8
36.8
37.0
197.0
23.3
88.3
78.0
87.1
59.7
27.4
51.5
28.9
161.7
57.8
38.9

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

73.6
36.8
36.8
196.6
23.3
88.5
77.1
87.6
60.2
27.4
50.2
28.1
161.6
57.4
39.7

2,229.7 2,237.3 2,143.4 2,136.1 2,142.2 1,350.8 1,355.4 1,285.3 1,281.7 1,283.3
72.4
72.5
105.2
105.0
115.3
115.8
65.6
65.1
_
36.1
35.2
35.3
35.7
18.6
18.8
18.6
18.6
53.7
70.0
69.7
79.6
79.7
47.0
46.5
53.8
104.1
107.1
71.5
71.6
69.8
104.5
105.5
71.6
79.1
52.4
52.4
77.3
82.1
50.8
52.4
82.2
164.6
163.8
263.5 262.4 249.8 248.1
153.5
154.2
85.5
86.1
91.0
52.6
57.6
57.9
92.5
52.6
13.7
21.3
21.7
22.3
13.3
13.7
13.6
22.3
60.8
61.6
67.1
38.5
43.4
43.2
66.9
38.9
29.7
29.7
29.5
29.6
15.8
15.9
15.6
15.9
25.3
25.4
27.2
17.1
27.2
17.2
18.3
18.2
314.1
316.6 311.1
221.6
224.9 227.2 222.1
311.1
56.7
35.7
36.0
56.7
57.6
57.4
35.5
36.2
12.4
12.3
19.3
19.1
19.9
19.7
11.8
11.7
138.3
138.9
107.4
107.7
109.0
107.6
138.2
137.3
56.3
40.3
39.7
56.1
57.0
56.5
39.1
39.0
25.3
16.7
23.1
23.3
25.6
17.0
18.1
18.2
164.5
171.8
98.1
103.2
164.8
170.5
98.3
102.2
38.6
38.4
39.2
23.6
23.4
24.1
24.0
39.0
17.7
19.5
11.8
17.8
19.5
11.9
13.1
13.2
31.1
30.4
31.3
17.8
17.7
18.5
18.4
30.8
170.5
278.8 278.6 268.2 267.2
170.5
178.5
178.6
50.3
52.7
53.1
30.1
31.0
51.3
30.0
31.0
48.7
46.0
46.0
49.5
34.4
36.4
34.4
37.2
26.4
25.3
25.6
26.3
14.6
14.7
14.7
14.8
31.3
32.8
32.4
31.2
19.4
20.4
20.1
19.3
20.4
20.4
21.6
21.5
14.7
14.2
14.2
14.7
18.1
18.2
11.7
17.2
17.5
11.9
12.8
12.7
531.2 533.2 491.7 490.1
173.7 172.8
206.7 204.9
468.9 429.0 427.9
465.1
172.2
143.0 142.1
173.0
168.8
170.1
174.3
173.3
120.5
120.9
118.2 117.4
121.4 117.0 115.9
120.9
85.0
82.5
83.0
85.8
277.0 278.0 278.2 277.0
211.4 212.5 211.8 210.5
35.4
35.1
33.1
33.5
28.9
28.7
26.9
26.6
241.9 242.6 244.7 243.9
183.6
182.7
183.9
184.9
2,251.5 2,253.2 2,185.5 2,180.9 2,188.1 1,374.0 1,369.5 1,280.0 1,274.6 1,278.4
_
114.1
_
114.3
117.8
117.9
82.1
81.8
85.1
85.2
55.1
55.3
53.4
53.5
39.1
40.0
39.8
39.0
60.7
60.8
62.5
62.8
45.4
45.1
42.8
43.0
205.7 205.1
194.1
193.6
145.4
144.6
135.8 136.0
100.5
101.1
96.4
96.5
77.9
78.4
74.6
74.6
65.9
65.9
61.3
61.8
40.0
40.3
37.1
36.9
147.0 144.6
142.4 143.6
113.3
115.8
111.5 112.8
25.1
27.0
27.2
26.5
18.7
20.7
20.2
20.9
21.0
21.7
21.8
21.2
17.4
16.9
16.6
16.3
37.7
38.3
40.9
40.6
31.7
32.1
29.2
29.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
L»OQ6

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers

All employees
Nov.
1984

202.7
28.1
85.7
17.8
27.1
90.9
71.9
635.7
144.6
491.1
694.6
41.9
286.5
282.5
157.0
29.2
65.6

Dec.
1984

203.7
29.0
85.5
17.8
27.3
89.3
71.0
641.2
145.8
495.4
694.6
42.2
288.2
281.6
156.9
29.1
65.9

Oct.
1985

198.1
27.7
80.1
17.9
27.7
84.8
66.8
665.0
132.8
532.2
635.7
41.6
268.4
257.3
151.6
29.3
64.8

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

147.8
24.3
57.0
12.7
20.5
63.1
48.9
291.3
93.8
197.5
413.6
25.9
123.3
200.2
111.8
22.9
51.0

198.5
27.7
80.0
17.8
28.0
84.6
66.9
664.0
128.3
535.7
631.7
41.7
266.1
255.9
150.3
30.0
63.3

Dec.
1984

148.7
25.2
56.9
12.7
20.7
61.8
48.4
293.9
94.4
199.5
410.6
26.0
123.1
198.5
111.5
22.8
51.3

Oct.
1985

143.7
23.9
52.2
12.8
21.3
58.2
45.3
288.4
81.2
207.2
353.0
24.6
100.8
177.1
107.3
23.4
49.3

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

144.1
23.9
52.2
12.8
21.6
58.3
45.7
286.4
77.1
209.3
349.1
24.6
99.1
175.0
106.1
23.8
47.9

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

722.5
81.4
256.5
46.2
56.7
111.1
35.2
170.5
82.1
74.0
40.1
124.2
14.6

723.9
81.9
257.6
46.1
57.1
111.9
34.7
170.2
81.9
73.8
40.2
124.5
14.8

722.3
82.0
255.4
44.4
55.9
111.8
34.1
173.5
84.5
74.1
39.6
124.3
13.4

725.3
84.1
255.3
44.6
55.6
111.5
34.2
175.0
85.0
75.0
39.1
124.3
13.3

727.0
-

401.0
37.0
146.1
29.5
28.1
61.2
18.5
102.5
46.0
48.1
26.7
59.6
10.6

401.0
37.5
145.8
29.2
28.3
61.1
18.4
102.3
45.7
48.2
26.8
59.3
10.9

387.7
33.7
140.5
28.2
28.2
57.1
17.1
103.1
46.6
47.9
26.4
57.1
9.8

392.2
36.7
140.6
28.6
28.2
56.9
17.0
104.7
47.2
48.9
26.2
57.3
9.7

394.9
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

394.1
58.0
39.3
16.7
114.6
58.0
56.6
32.2
43.2
24.2
129.4
53.7

383.7
57.0
38.3
16.4
108.9
52.5
56.4
32.2
40.8
22.7
128.4
53.7

383.5
58.1
39.3
16.0
110.1
56.7
53.4
32.2
39.3
21.2
127.8
52.8

380.7
58.3
39.4
16.0
107.1
54.0
53.1
31.8
39.7
22.0
127.8
53.1

371.7
_

289.1
40.6
27.6
13.2
86.6
42.8
43.8
21.9
33.6
18.9
93.2
38.0

277.9
39.6
26.7
12.8
79.8
36.5
43.3
21.8
31.2
17.4
92.7
38.2

277.7
39.6
27.0
12.7
81.5
40.6
40.9
21.6
30.7
16.7
91.6
37.2

274.9
39.8
27.0
12.7
78.2
37.5
40.7
21.1
31.1
17.4
92.0
37.4

267.0
_

1,946.1 1,968.5 2,010.1 2,019.3 2,020.7 1,238.3 1,256.6 1,269.7 1,276.6 1,278.9
874.4 870.0 871.7 677.4 690.3 679.7 676.0 678.4
877.4 889.7
_
306.5 308.7 303.5
297.1
410.5 406.3 401.6
401.1
28.4
28.7
29.2
29.5
36.5
37.3
37.2
37.4
318.7
314.7
393.0 396.3 388.6 389.2
310.3 311.6
21.2
20.8
22.8
23.4
27.5
27.1
29.6
30.2
290.4 295.4 319.3 323.5
671.6
619.7 665.1
611.1
147.9
146.5
132.0
128.4
320.5 348.9 351.2
314.2
78.7
77.8
75.7
75.0
153.8
152.4
146.0
145.0
96.9
95.0
87.7
87.0
166.6
163.8
153.2
151.9
142.3
140.8
145.2
144.6
191.2
190.7
194.0
193.4
105.1
103.9
108.6
108.1
144.8
144.7
148.6
148.2
37.2
36.9
36.6
36.5
46.4
46.0
45.4
45.2
23.7
24.7
24.1
25.4
33.6
34.4
35.1
36.4
65.1
63.9
57.6
56.8
185.8
183.4
165.3
163.6
49.1
48.1
43.1
42.6
143.1
141.1
127.7
126.2
36.3
31.5
34.2
33.9
53.4
48.3
51.0
50.6
16.7
17.0
15.8
15.6
21.3
21.4
20.1
19.9

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats ....
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool..
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

84




Production workers

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

5,542
7,920 7,878 7,928 7,897 7,873 5,573 5,530 5,593 5,561
1,637.2 1,616.8 1,688.5 1,653.7 1,634.6 1,141.9 1,123.1 1,193.7 1,159.9 1,143.0
_
_
310.1
319.5 320.8
311.1
370.2 368.3 377.0 378.7
125.3
124.4 124.5
125.4
148.8 150.1
151.0 149.7
54.5
54.7
53.6
53.9
74.0
74.2
73.6
74.0
122.1
124.7
113.8 120.7
113.5
124.6 132.0 133.2
96.7
92.8
95.8
92.3
161.2 160.7 164.0 162.8
30.6
30.7
28.4
28.6
39.4
39.5
38.2
38.2
87.4
42.5
42.6
41.4
41.7
88.2
88.5
87.0
177.6 222.6 191.9
190.5
231.3 218.6 265.5 234.8
20.1
20.4
18.4
18.7
28.0
28.1
25.8
25.8
60.4
79.0
53.6
62.0
94.0
68.1
76.5
74.8
44.9
52.8
42.1
44.2
51.2
59.3
47.9
50.1
85.8
88.4
88.0
88.5
126.7
129.0 129.1
129.9
24.1
24.1
16.0
14.9
15.0
24.0
24.5
16.0
29.7
46.6
46.7
28.6
29.5
29.8
45.6
46.6
208.9 208.4 211.2 211.0
124.2 126.8 126.3
124.6
165.3
90.4
90.7
166.0 166.2
166.1
90.3
89.8
36.4
34.4
44.8
45.2
43.1
42.8
36.0
33.9
91.1
87.9
91.8
115.9
111.9 114.9
115.9
92.3
23.3
23.3
24.9
29.1
30.2
29.1
30.9
24.6
63.0
51.8
50.3
52.6
65.5
61.8
63.9
54.5
28.2
27.5
29.3
29.4
38.1
37.5
39.2
39.5
88.4
89.3
212.3 211.5 215.5 213.6
91.0
91.2
25.9
25.1
24.6
24.9
40.1
39.8
39.9
40.2
41.7
40.6
40.6
130.0 128.9
128.0 127.9
41.3
168.0 169.2 173.8 172.1
127.8
123.9
129.9
125.3
66.6
45.5

69.4
46.6

69.8
45.0

66.7
45.1

65.2
-

51.3
34.3

53.0
34.4

53.6
33.2

50.7
33.3

49.0
-

727.6
115.6
98.1
17.7
22.9
197.5
31.9
33.9
63.4
26.8
24.2
66.5
25.6
23.4
54.2
101.6
69.7
16.1
53.5

722.8
114.5
96.8
17.8
23.3
195.6
32.0
33.3
63.2
26.0
23.9
66.3
25.5
23.3
54.0
101.3
69.4
15.9
53.2

702.6
105.0
89.3
16.4
21.2
198.1
33.4
33.2
63.8
25.7
24.7
63.6
24.0
22.5
57.3
100.0
69.1
15.7
51.7

700.9
104.4
89.1
16.4
21.2
196.8
33.3
32.9
63.3
25.6
24.6
64.1
24.4
22.5
57.4
99.9
69.4
15.5
51.6

700.3
-

628.3
103.3
87.1
14.9
19.5
171.5
28.7
30.4
54.2
23.1
20.6
56.0
21.6
19.5
44.0
89.9
62.4
14.3
42.1

623.7
102.4
85.9
14.9
19.7
169.7
28.6
29.9
54.0
22.4
20.3
56.0
21.5
19.4
43.8
89.5
62.1
14.1
41.8

607.5
94.7
79.3
13.8
18.2
172.4
29.8
29.6
56.1
21.4
21.1
53.3
20.3
18.4
46.8
88.8
62.4
13.9
40.2

605.7
94.2
79.1
13.9
18.3
171.1
29.8
29.3
55.5
21.2
21.0
53.7
20.7
18.3
46.8
88.7
62.6
13.7
39.9

605.7
-

1,185.9 1,172.6 1,169.4 1,166.7 1,160.7 1,001.7
68.0
72.6
72.2
63.4
67.7
334.0 331.8 335.2 336.6
288.2
93.1
92.9
96.0
96.5
83.8
64.5
65.4
65.3
66.1
56.3
82.9
95.9 104.4 105.0
97.0
316.8
378.2 372.9 373.7 373.5
59.3
59.7
58.0
60.0
50.8
112.0 109.5
106.0 106.5
95.0
49.7
51.8
53.9
42.4
53.0
154.7
154.1
154.4 155.7
128.6

988.9
63.7
286.2
83.3
57.1
81.9
311.8
48.8
92.4
40.5
130.1

987.3
59.1
290.6
80.3
57.4
91.3
311.8
50.0
89.1
44.5
128.2

984.4
58.8
291.7
80.4
57.9
92.0
311.0
49.5
89.4
43.7
128.4

977.4
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

85.5
69.4
16.1
63.4
27.2
45.5
186.6
27.2
54.5
36.1

82.1
66.2
15.9
63.0
27.1
44.4
185.2
27.0
52.5
36.8

83.5
68.3
15.2
62.2
26.6
42.8
185.0
26.7
52.7
36.6

83.1
67.7
15.4
62.7
26.8
42.0
182.3
26.5
52.6
35.4

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper....
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ....
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes ...
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

682.7
201.3
176.4
56.7
227.3
59.1
26.3
50.7
197.4
42.2
102.0
23.5

682.8
201.8
176.8
57.0
227.2
59.6
26.4
50.6
196.8
42.0
102.1
23.4

683.8
197.3
172.3
55.5
234.4
59.2
27.1
50.9
196.6
41.9
101.6
24.4

688.2
199.6
173.9
56.2
235.8
59.4
27.4
51.2
196.6
41.9
102.1
24.3

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress...
Commercial printing, lithographic .
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
2824
Drugs
283
Pharmaceutical preparations
2834
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
284
Soap and other detergents
2841
Toilet preparations
2844
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2842,3
Paints and allied products
285
Industrial organic chemicals
286
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .. 2861,9
Agricultural chemicals
287
Miscellaneous chemical products
289
Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985 P

71.7
59.8
11.9
53.6
24.0
37.3
153.9
22.3
46.8
29.8

68.6
56.7
11.9
52.9
23.9
36.6
152.3
22.2
44.7
30.4

70.2
58.9
11.3
52.2
23.4
35.6
152.6
21.5
45.3
30.3

70.0
58.4
11.6
53.0
23.7
34.8
150.1
21.2
45.0
29.3

688.1

513.0
150.7
130.5
43.2
166.6
38.3
20.4
39.6
152.5
33.3
76.9
19.3

513.5
150.8
130.8
43.6
167.4
38.7
20.6
39.8
151.7
33.2
76.9
19.2

517.6
150.4
130.3
42.5
172.1
36.9
20.7
40.0
152.6
33.3
77.0
20.3

521.6
152.6
131.9
43.0
173.4
36.9
20.9
40.2
152.6
33.3
77.3
20.2

524.0

1,401.9 1,405.3 1,431.3 1,446.2 1,451.0
450.5 455.9
450.1
462.6
108.3
108.2
109.5
108.9
105.0
102.8
105.2
103.5
79.0
79.2
111
78.0
26.2
25.8
25.1
25.5
72.9
67.5
66.9
73.9
480.3 480.2 495.6 499.9
164.1
159.9
160.5
165.7
304.6 307.0
294.2
294.0
48.3
47.9
48.0
47.8
71.2
70.7
69.9
70.5
49.4
49.4
52.6
51.9

773.2
171.2
25.3
49.8
29.4
20.4
36.5
349.5
118.9
210.0
33.3
57.6
36.3

774.7
171.6
25.4
51.5
30.4
21.1
36.7
348.6
118.2
209.5
33.6
58.1
36.0

788.7
170.9
29.0
50.2
30.3
19.9
38.3
361.5
120.4
219.9
33.1
56.8
38.3

797.8
173.9
29.9
51.9
31.3
20.6
39.3
364.6
121.5
221.8
33.5
55.9
38.7

803.0

1,050.1 1,050.9 1,035.3 1,030.7 1,030.7
143.7
140.6
143.9
141.2
94.7
92.4
91.4
94.7
174.1
165.8
172.9
165.2
73.3
75.;
73.2
75.1
62.5
67.3
67.7
62.0
204.3
206.6 206.6
203.2
165.9
167.1
166.7
164.9
147.8
148.7
146.4
146.:
41.3
41.9
41.0
41.2
67.8
68.9
66.6
67.6
38.7
37.9
38.8
37.7
63.1
61.6
62.4
61.7
163.9
164.8
162.9
164.5
31.4
30.6
30.3
31.3
133.3
133.4
132.6
133.
58.1
59.7
58.1
60.0
91.7
92.7
91.3
93.0

579.0
72.7
49.6
114.9
44.4
47.6
92.7
75.1
93.6
26.9
46.0
20.7
29.9
84.1
19.0
65.1
37.3
53.8

578.7
72.6
49.4
113.7
44.2
47.3
92.8
75.3
94.7
27.1
47.1
20.5
29.6
84.6
19.4
65.2
37.0
53.7

572.8
70.9
48.1
110.4
43.8
44.2
94.3
75.9
94.5
26.8
46.4
21.3
30.4
83.6
20.3
63.3
35.8
52.9

568.5
71.3
48.5
109.9
43.7
43.7
93.6
75.3
92.6
26.6
44.9
21.1
29.7
82.9
19.9
63.0
35.7
52.8

569.3

112.1
84.3
21.2

108.2
83.2
18.4

105.7
77.6
21.8

105.5
78.5
20.7

104.8

187.4
149.0
27.6

183.6
147.9
24.9

171.1
132.1
28.3

169.
131.3
27.

168.5

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

13.4
83.3
449.7

13.4
83.4
450.6

174.1
-

153.9
13.1
93.8
37.7
35.6
10.0
20.3

148.7
12.9
91.2
36.2
35.5
9.5
19.1

148.0
12.6
89.8
34.2
35.3
9.8
20.2

147.1
12.5
89.5
34.1
35.5
9.7
19.5

144.7
-

5,365

5,385

4,344

4,359

4,463

4,448

4,463

3,139

3,127

3,144

259.3
78.2
_
33.4
-

258.7
78.1
_
33.2
-

265.9
84.0
_
32.6
-

264.5
83.6
_
32.4
-

21.4
110.2
552.9

21.1
109.7
553.4

20.1
109.0
567.7

19.9
108.9
568.4

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

185.5
15.9
110.5
46.5
40.5
13.8
25.0

180.0
15.8
107.7
45.1
40.3
13.1
23.8

177.1
15.1
105.0
41.8
40.1
13.1
24.6

176.1
15.0
104.8
41.8
40.2
13.0
23.8

5,253

5,272

5,379

3,016

3,034

360.7
334.5

353.3
327.8

343.3
320.3

334.8
311.9

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

280.4
85.3
38.7
36.4
98.6

279.8
85.3
39.0
36.3
98.3

286.6
91.5
38.1
35.3
98.1

284.9
90.8
38.4
34.9
97.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

209.4
28.3
115.6

208.6
27.7
115.6

213.0
29.7
114.1

216.3
29.3
118.2

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

508.2
447.2
61.0

512.9
451.6
61.3

553.2
490.1
63.1

556.0
492.7
63.3

Pipe lines, except natural gas ...

46

18.9

18.9

18.9

18.9

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

47
471

266.9
63.0

269.5
64.2

289.5
71.3

288.3
71.6

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

86




50
501
5012
5013

621.5
-

13.8
84.2
439.4

303,4
306
307

49
491
492
493
495

Dec.
1985P

14.0
84.8
439.1

798.9
88.9
12.8

40
4011

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Nov.
1985P

619.5
61.2
10.9

799.0
89.5
12.7

48
481
483
4832
4833

Oct.
1985

618.3
61.0
10.9

794.2
95.0
15.0

Railroad transportation .
Class I railroads2

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

Dec.
1984

617.1
66.9
12.8

795.4
95.2
15.7

Transportation

Nov.
1984

618.4
67.2
13.3

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities .

Dec.
1985P

799.3
-

1,371.8 1,390.6 1,434.0 1,427.8
1,265.4 1,287.4 1,324.4 1,320.8
106.4
107.0
109.6
103.2

2,237
2,238
2,240
2,238
1,336.9 1,336.4 1,320.5 1,317.9
942.2
938.8
903.1
906.5
233.4
233.8
238.0
237.9
111.3
112.7
112.7
111.2
122.1
122.6
125.3
125.2
900.4
446.3
171.7
198.5
59.1

901.9
447.3
171.5
198.6
59.4

919.7
454.1
170.8
202.5
65.8

919.7
454.2
170.4
202.8
65.9

5,666

5,673

5,856

5,854

3,338
428.4
107.5
287.2

3,347
428.4
107.6
287.4

3,461
434.8
110.5
291.3

3,466
433.6
110.5
290.5

1,198.6 1,217.2 1,251.3 1,245.2
1,107.9 1,129.7 1,158.0 1,154.8
87.5
90.7
90.4
93.3

13.4

13.4

13.5

13.7

_
_
_
_
2,241
1,016.5 1,016.6 1,005.7 1,003.5
_
703.0
673.8 670.5
700.5
188.6
194.4
194.2
189.5
_
_
_
_

716.2
348.3
134.8
161.0
51.8

716.8
348.8
134.6
161.1
52.0

731.6
352.4
133.2
167.0
57.4

730.9
351.6
133.7
166.5
57.5

5,862

4,573

4,578

4,735

4,727

3,475
-

2,677
344.2
-

2,683
344.1
_

2,774
351.5
_

2,775
350.3
_

4,728

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade .

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985 P

133.6
128.9
134.5
130.3
56.4
53.6
56.8
54.5
77.2
75.3
111
75.8
217.1
204.1
217.6
204.3
98.2
92.7
98.3
93.4
118.9
111.4
119.3
110.9
76.9
74.1
76.9
73.8
141.9
138.6
142.2
138.9
490.3 493.5 496.6 497.3
271.9 274.0 275.4
276.9
68.4
67.4
67.9
67.6
152.8
151.0
152.5
151.9
253.8 255.3 267.1
267.5
89.7
89.6
86.0
85.6
110.4
109.7
104.8
104.3
1,424.7 1,430.1 1,497.0 1,499.4
535.1
504.6 533.2
501.0
79.7
84.5
84.3
79.0
133.3
133.5
135.0
134.5
332.1
316.6 318.2 331.1
133.7
137.9
137.1
133.4
159.5
168.7
168.8
158.8
192.2
196.9
195.8
195.1
93.7
93.8
92.7
93.5
2,328
177.3
161.0
186.4
731.0
231.6
65.9
89.4
132.7
205.6
86.6
119.0
156.0
96.2
59.8
422.0
153.8

2,326
179.0
161.5
184.4
732.0
232.6
66.0
89.0
133.1
206.4
86.8
119.6
156.8
95.9
60.9
419.8
151.6

2,395
186.8
163.2
191.1
755.2
241.5
67.7
86.4
131.7
208.3
87.6
120.7
158.8
99.0
59.8
439.9
165.8

17,270

17,611

17,680

668.9
347.4
157.5

665.5
343.6
160.1

674.0
357.5
160.4

2,388
186.3
164.9
192.4
756.5
245.0
68.7
83.8
131.7
208.9
87.8
121.1
159.1
98.5
60.6
434.6
157.7

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985 P

109.0

110.4

112.1

112.5

169.5

169.3

181.3

181.5

61.8
111.6
388.8

61.9
111.4
390.9

64.6
113.9
386.6

64.6
114.1
385.6

205.9

207.2

215.9

215.5

Dec.
1985 P

1,124.8 1,129.4 1,187.3 1,188.9

2,387

17,903 18,248
672.7
356.0
160.5

Nov.
1984

161.1

158.1

161.0

161.8

1,896
144.0
133.6
139.6
628.9

1,895
145.5
134.5
137.7
629.8

1,961
152.0
135.8
144.9
649.3

1,952
151.6
137.3
145.6
649.8

93.5
154.1

94.1
155.0

94.5
157.4

94.6
160.1

130.2

131.2

132.4

132.0

342.2

340.5

359.7

353.5

15,493

15,82:

565.8
296.0
133.4

563.i
292.4
136.1

15,795 16,026 16,357

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,496.8 2,628.1 2,372.0 2,490.2 2,621.0 2,345.9 2,475.9 2,235.6 2,355.1
2,001.0 2,107.5 1,898.4 2,001.9
2,114.3 2,222.3 1,995.4 2,097.1
208.3
229.0 239.1
234.7 249.,
215.4 230.;
218.0
154.0
128.9
147.6
147.8
135.2
129.5
156.6
138.;

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

2,760.8 2,803., 2,880.9 2,896.9 2,937.2 2,566.0 2,605.6 2,667.5 2,685.7
2,245.4 2,267.8 2,352.4 2,356.8
2,402.8 2,427.7 2,527.8 2,528.9
63.9
63.0
60.7
64.4
37.4
45.1
40.9
42.2
167.9
164.4
162.
152.7
170.3
148.:
150.6
146.4

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

1,847.5 1,844.9 1,917.6 1,915.6 1,916.1 1,552.0 1,549.4 1,607.0 1,603.4
913.5 914.7
868.6 867.8
718.3 716.9 756.7 757.0
305.1
302.4 300.4
305.6
253.3 252.7 246.5 246.1
599.7 600.4 617.
615.6
519.7 519.9 538.3 536.4

569.4
304.6
135.1

567.7
303.1
134.6

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uode

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers'

All employees
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

1,049.0 1,106.8 1,038.9 1,081.0
125.3
110.2
114.4
115.3
395.4
390.2
402.4
378.6
235.4
205.6
215.5
217.3
205.6
218.8
212.3
210.1
711.4
407.1
253.8
84.9
219.4
153.6
65.8

725.2
410.0
257.4
86.7
228.5
158.9
69.6

759.6
426.9
267.9
88.4
244.3
171.7
72.6

772.6
432.5
270.7
89.2
250.9
177.6
73.3

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

890.9
97.0
323.7
188.8
172.6

948.1
106.5
340.7
208.4
179.7

879.7
92.3
333.8
178.5
166.8

920.9
96.3
346.7
190.5
170.7

595.6
340.8
_
72.2
182.6
_

610.0
344.5
_
74.3
191.2
_

641.1
358.9
_
74.8
207.4
_

653.0
363.6
_
75.5
213.9
_

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places .

58

5,472.7 5,488.6 5,780.8 5,732.7 5,750.7 5,011.3 5,022.4 5,259.7 5,221.3

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,262.9 2,348.6 2,256.2 2,340.8
571.9
567.9
555.5
579.8
132.8
128.7
126.3
127.1
751.4 817.7
833.7
785.0
139.2
130.8
132.2
138.2
76.6
73.8
78.5
70.9
111
74.3
72.4
79.2
179.8
147.9
163.9
159.2
140.9
133.2
125.2
133.6
79.7
75.7
76.2
81.6
270.3
284.2
278.1
278.7
146.7
143.7
134.6
142.2
82.4
82.3
82.0
81.9
110.2
111.3
108.9
112.7
345.4
348.9
347.7
333.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance ...

5,760

5,998

6,024

6,049

2,885

2,900

3,014

3,032

3,052

1,684.1 1,691.8 1,723.1 1,728.4
1,526.9 1,533.6 1,562.0 1,565.3
335.0
340.0
341.3
333.5
379.8
388.2
389.4
378.3
79.2
76.6
76.0
80.1

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

715.9
332.7
188.5
135.3
207.9
45.2
106.1

721.9
335.0
189.4
136.6
209.0
45.8
108.2

778.1
351.8
201.0
141.5
222.2
52.1
128.3

785.8
355.1
202.8
142.9
223.9
52.7
130.5

Security, commodity brokers, and services .
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

342.4
276.3

342.9
276.4

360.9
290.5

364.8
294.0

Holding and other investment offices .

67

142.5

143.4

151.7

153.0

1,771

1,780

1,835

1,843

Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .

64

See footnotes at end of table.




1,965.7 2,048.0 1,934.5 2,019.0
488.3
505.0
498.2
499.6
_
_
_
_
686.0
705.5
638.6
734.8
_
_
_

5,735

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks

1,238.5 1,244.2 1,270.7 1,274.5
533.4
531.1
539.4
539.8
159.3
157.6
170.1
171.7
471.0
469.5
477.2 478.8
46.1
46.1
48.4
48.4
532.7

535.3

564.2

568.9

Dec.
1985P

253.3
_
_
91.4
277.2

257.9
93.4
289.5

244.7
_
_
92.0
289.4

252.7
94.5
289.1

-

4,253

4,267

4,442

4,457

4,472

1,243.4 1,244.2 1,259.1 1,262.7
1,119.7 1,120.0 1,134.9 1,137.4
_
_
_
_
_

546.1
256.0
_
_
160.8
_

550.8
258.0
_
_
161.9
_

592.7
269.4
_
_
173.5
_

598.3
272.3
_
_
174.7
_

_

_
-

1,851
840.3
322.8
126.7
327.9
-

845.2
324.6
128.3
329.4
-

867.3
330.4
138.8
333.5
-

870.1
329.7
140.0
335.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Nov.
1984

1,079

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc .

66

Services .

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1984

1,080

Oct.
1985

1,149

Nov.
1985P

1,149

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985 P

1,146

1,063.8 1,064.7 1,133.6 1,133.3
489.9 492.1
507.3 508.7
421.5 423.2 459.5 462.5
127.9 124.7 140.9 135.9
14.9

14.9

15.2

15.2

21,174 21,159 22,333 22,358 22,383

18,746 18,722 19,715 19,729 19,747

1,114.2 1,107.9 1,202.6 1,174.0

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,269.3 1,262.8 1,370.9 1,339.3
1,235.7 1,230.2 1,334.3 1,304.9

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,052.0 1,060.8 1,136.7 1,146.0
375.4 376.0 391.0 393.7
61.3
59.2
61.2
56.5
335.5 338.3 359.1
359.6
73.5
73.8
75.4
75.5

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic ..
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services .
Computer programming and software ...
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

4,272.2 4,277.4 4,589.1 4,614.1 4,640.7 3,734.5 3,735.3 4,003.8 4,019.6
188.2 189.1
191.8 192.6
142.9
143.2
143.1
143.8
140.4 141.1
144.1
144.3
82.7
83.5
92.5
94.0
177.1
174.7 187.9 188.1
629.0 630.2 674.2 674.9
572.3 573.6 615.5 616.0
886.8 890.5 965.3 963.5
173.7 176.9 199.0 198.2
675.0 675.7 727.7 727.9
496.8 500.8 563.4 571.5
414.4 418.0 464.3 470.6
172.3 175.2 201.0 203.2
243.6 246.4 271.6 275.2

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

1,803.3 1,800.3 1,905.9 1,921.2
199.7 201.1
208.;
210.6
479.8 485.9 518.9 528.4
407.5 410.3 438.9 446.4
165.5 165.
167.9 165.9
83.5
80.9
87.7
86.7

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee .
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Dec.
1985 P

Auto repair, services, and garages ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

702.2
138.9
439.6

701.4
138.6
437.8

742.7
144.8
464.7

739.4
144.0
461.7

Miscellaneous repair services .
Electrical repair shops

76
762

326.7
97.8

325.8
97.;

342.9
101.;

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services.
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

221.1
107.8
101.

230.;
112.4
105.8

Amusement and recreation services

79

727.5

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals ....
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric .
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

6,135.8
925.8
434.6
1,157.1
744.8
412.3
2,966.
2,788.7
52.4
125.1
112.;
197.8

335.2

335.5

349.8

352.5

304.3

307.3

323.9

324.7

592.6

590.6

623.;

621.1

365.6

363.1

384.6

383.4

345.1
100.8

274.5

273.;

287.7

289.3

215.0
101.7
101.3

214.,
102.8
99.4

189.7
90.3

198.6
94.7

180.4
82.7

181.1
84.8

729.8

827.6

785.7

649.4

654.0

731.3

688.7

6,141.7
928.1
436.
1,162.4
749.7
412.
2,957.9
2,780.3
52.5
125.1
112.0
199.4

6,332.
986.3
447.3
1,220.6
787.1
433.5
2,967.5
2,784.7
54.
128.1
115.7
223.;

6,355.8 6,378.9 5,487.9 5,491.4 5,643.9 5,660.9
993.3
817.1
775.4 776.
822.;
450.9
384.7 386.3 395.5 398.6
1,228.0
1,047.3 1,052.3 1,103.1 1,108.8
792.6
435.4
2,966.6
2,707.9 2,700.1 2,706.3 2,706.3
2,783.6
55.
127.8
116.4
225.1

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—-Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1984

668.5

Dec.
1984

670.6

Oct.
1985

712.2

Nov.
1985P
718.8

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools .

82
821
822
824

1,359.0 1,331.0 1,368.6 1,395.7
366.1
366.3 377.4
379.5
859.4 830.7
854.4
877.7
65.4
62.5
63.1
64.0

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services .
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,283.2 1,285.5 1,375.2 1,389.9
258.4 260.4
284.4
279.9
195.9 207.8 209.1
195.1
272.7 273.4
290.7 293.0

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens .

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations .

86
861
863
864

1,496.9 1,499.1 1,501.9 1,504.5
86.4
86.6
88.7
89.6
136.7
135.1
145.3
144.5
328.6 329.8 331.8 333.5

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Noncommercial research organizations.
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .

89
891
892
893

1,188.1 1,190.9 1,282.8 1,290.2
662.2
662.6
726.6
721.5
115.8
111.9
112.0
115.1
422.7
390.6
393.0 421.6

Government.
4

Federal Government .
4

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




46.1

16,388

16,298

16,612

2,811

2,824

2,875

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

568.3

569.7

978.4
560.2

980.9 1,054.2 1,062.8
559.7
612.9 618.0

306.5

309.1

605.6

Dec.
1985P

611.7

45.2

16,74;
2,872

3731

137.4
83.6

137.5
83.7

135.5
80.4

135.8
80.6

806

39.5
402.5
240.9

39.5
401.8
241

38.1
410.1
246.;

37.9
407.6
245.1

806
82

3,937
3,794 3,911
3,834
466.
464.0 464.3
465.5
1,595.5 1,555. 1,600.1 1,631.1
1,176.3 1,176.5 1,227/

326.6

328.8

16,741
2,887

806
82

3,914

1,224.6

9,680 9,826
9,743
9,933
495.;
495.
511.3
511.7
612.7 609.2 613.3
613.1
5,510.0 5,471.7 5,537.2 5,643.0

9,940

2,852.6 2,831.3 2,887.9 2,887.6

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning in January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with
operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

90

43.7

Nov.
1984

2,755.8 2,768.5 2,818.7
968.0
990.7
968.9
723.8
751.1
711.7
1,075.; 1,076.7 1,076.9
38.5
38.5
38.6
17.0
18.0
17.0

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

44.1

Dec.
1985P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Sept.
1984

Oct.
1984

Aug.
1985

Sept.
1985

Oct.
1985

42,471

42,946

43,384

44,225

44,708

Total private

34,720

34,873

36,004

36,224

36,379

Goods-producing

6,989

6,971

6,948

6,965

6,953

Mining

121

121

127

126

126

Construction

438

439

480

479

484

6,430

6,411

6,341

6,360

6,343

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,096
108
147
118
105
330
493
965
340
308
181

3,099
107
149
118
105
331
495
962
342
309
182

3,030
111
152
116
103
325
464
913
361
310
175

3,030
111
152
116
103
326
462
910
366
309
175

3,033
110
154
116
102
326
462
907
368
308
180

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

3,334
546
26
355
959
163
578
286
30
280
112

3,312
527
26
351
958
164
581
285
29
280
112

3,311
554
23
335
931
168
601
288
28
277
107

3,330
554
25
337
940
168
604
289
27
279
106

3,310
536
25
337
941
167
605
286
27
280
106

35,482

35,975

36,436

37,260

37,755

Transportation and public utilities .

1,420

1,426

1,463

1,491

1,499

Wholesale trade

1,597

1,616

1,658

1,673

1,695

Retail trade

8,710

8,765

9,095

9,153

9,180

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....

3,458

3,468

3,678

3,664

3,678

12,546

12,627

13,162

13,278

13,374

7,751
974
1,651
5,126

8,073
975
1,724
5,374

7,380
1,027
1,653
4,700

8,001
1,014
1,743
5,244

8,329
1,014
1,825
5,490

Industry

Total

Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services
Government.
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1984

1985

Industry

July

Dec.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
,
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

96,092 96,419 96,591 96,910 97,120 97,421 97,473 97,707 97,977 98,217 98,559 98,739 99,059
80,010 80,319 80,480 80,767 80,962 81,208 81,260 81,366 81,634 81,765 82,073 82,276 82,536
25,045 25,112 25,062 25,056 25,090 25,066 25,010 24,980 25,015 24,962 25,051 25,076 25,136
973
624

974
621

976
620

4,469
1,190

4,534
1,219

4,525
1,214

974
619

969
619

965
615

962
615

960
610

953
605

952
603

4,553 4,641 4,658 4,638
1,223 1,233 1,234 1,223

4,660
1,228

4,688
1,242

4,721
1,252

4,753
1,262

4,748
1,268

4,764
1,270

977
618

982
623

982
624

19,603 19,604 19,561 19,526 19,467 19,426 19,398 19,351 19,362 19,279 19,338 19,375 19,420
11,701 11,702 11,675 11,651 11,608 11,586 11,560 11,509 11,519 11,449 11,493 11,507 11,525
701
697
700
711
709
704
694
697
694
701
708
712
716
494
497
497
499
494
499
498
499
493
494
496
496
498
601
602
601
600
599
601
600
599
598
604
598
600
601
844
844
806
798
840
832
823
819
815
795
799
803
802
302
315
313
311
304
289
292
316
306
305
299
291
298
1,489 1,486 1,483 1,480 1,479 1,477 1,472 1,467 1,467 1,462 1,465
1,462
1,465
2,232 2,228 2,224 2,220 2,207 2,203 2,191 2,175 2,167 2,143 2,143 2,138 2,138
2,253 2,252 2,248 2,24 2,223 2,216 2,205 2,190 2,194 2,175 2,179 2,179 2,188
1,965 1,974 1,972 1,969 1,98; 1,981 1,990 1,985 1,995 1,986 2,008 2,015 2,017
888
891
867
868
868
876
876
873
875
861
872
867
869
724
725
723
723
727
726
725
722
725
723
726
722
725
372
373
386
385
381
379
377
378
376
374
373
373
373

7,886 7,875 7,859 7,840
1,633 1,638 1,630 1,634
66
66
66
66
71
706
707
701
1,182 1,175 1,16
1,164 1,153
68;
683
68;
68;
681
1,397 1,403 1,406 1,407 1,411 1,414
1,054 1,052 1,05; 1,05; 1,049 1,044
183
186
184
185
18;
181
798
799
798
799
795
791
176
181
17
179
174
174

7,90i
1,630
66
72)
1,184
683

7,90,

1,633
67
720

7,838 7,842 7,843 7,830 7,845
1,644 1,630 1,638 1,633 1,636
65
64
66
65
64
697
696
699
695
698
1,142 1,160 1,152 1,155 1,158
684
1,419
1,042
180

789
173

682

688

1,426
1,040

1,429
1,038

1,427
1,040

1,431
1,036

1,442
1,033

178
787
176

176
792
174

170
790
174

170
795
175

169
800
173

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

5,665
3,347
2,318

5,686
3,358
2,328

17,026
2,323
2,745
1,85
5,535

17,090
2,341
2,753
1,85!
5,559

5,776
2,902
1,780
1,094

5,790
2,910
1,783
1,09"

Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

17,160 17,249 17,280 17,392
2,34
2,349 2,348 2,371
2,773 2,790 2,79- 2,823
1,86!
1,87: 1,88. 1,890
5,588 5,61:
5,642 5,660
5,809
2,91
1,78£
1,10

5,835
2,933
1,792
1,110

5,858
2,94
1,799
1,118

5,888
2,956
1,808
1,124

17,425
2,361
2,831
1,895
5,692

1,161

681

5,246 5,259 5,272 5,269 5,278 5,301 5,295 5,302 5,282 5,317 5,327
3,009 3,015 3,029 3,028 3,037 3,057 3,052 3,060 3,038 3,078 3,087
2,237 2,244 2,24: 2,241 2,241 2,24. 2,243 2,242 2,244 2,239 2,240
5,71
5,733 5,748 5,768
3,377 3,388 3,402 3,414
2,337 2,345 2,346 2,354

65
700

683

71,04" 71,30" 71,529 71,854 72,030 72,355 72,463 72,727 72,962 73,255 73,508

5,697
3,367
2,330

7,868
1,637

684

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities .

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
Eating and drinking places

Nov.p

5,773 5,791 5,805 5,830
3,426 3,434 3,442 3,454
2,347 2,357 2,363 2,376
17,453
2,344
2,842
1,895
5,728

17,514
2,354
2,849
1,902
5,725

17,539
2,356
2,852
1,906
5,740

7,895
1,648
62
700

1,171
688
1,442
1,034
171
804
175

73,663 73,923
5,341
3,105
2,236

5,358
3,119
2,239

5,834
3,463
2,371

5,855
3,475
2,380

17,610 17,621 17,648
2,365 2,349 2,317
2,869 2,860 2,877
1,922
1,912
1,916
5,758 5,773 5,803

5,906 5,932 5,959 5,987 6,011
2,968 2,984 2,998 3,011 3,023
1,814 1,817 1,827 1,831 1,837
1,124 1,131 1,134 1,145 1,151

6,046
3,038
1,847
1,161

6,066
3,055
1,851
1,160

Services
Business services
Health services

21,252 21,382 21,480 21,644 21,723 21,813 21,856 21,926 22,073 22,155 22,244 22,358 22,473
4,259 4,295 4,324 4,37 4,402 4,424 4,441 4,446 4,489 4,504 4,539 4,573 4,622
6,154 6,169 6,186 6,204 6,218 6,240 6,243 6,260 6,291 6,308 6,333 6,362 6,392

Government
Federal
State
Local

16,082
2,83i
3,722
9,524

p

16,100 16,11 16,14C
2,83i
2,834 2,85i
3,73i 3,733 3,744
9,534 9,544 9,549

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

92



16,21c 16,213 16,341 16,343 16,452 16,486 16,463 16,523
2,872 2,878 2,886 2,904 2,892
2,892 2,899
3,76! 3,788 3,789 3,818 3,827 3,833 3,841
9,576 9,675 9,668 9,730 9,767 9,738 9,783

2,85! 2,87G
3,74£ 3,75!
9.55C 9,58

introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1984
Industry
Oct.

Total.
Total private
Goods-producing .

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

42,631 42,832 42,919 43,089 43,220 43,390 43,493 43,681 43,720 43,912 44,093 44,190 44,385
34,672 34,869 34,975 35,118 35,234 35,388 35,477 35,628 35,686 35,778 35,944 35,994 36,176
6,901

6,911

6,932

6,937

6,917

6,909

6,902

6,879

6,875

6,863

6,877

6,861

6,884

Mining

122

123

123

125

125

126

126

127

126

125

125

126

127

Construction

436

436

436

440

442

445

455

461

464

464

469

472

480

6,343

6,352

6,373

6,372

6,350

6,338

6,321

6,291

6,285

6,274

6,283

6,263

6,277

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,082
106
148
116
105
329
496
958
340
309
175

3,088
106
151
116
105
330
494
958
343
310
175

3,097
106
151
117
105
332
494
958
348
311
175

3,098
106
152
117
106
331
494
958
350
310
174

3,085
106
152
116
106
329
493
949
351
310
173

3,080
106
152
117
106
328
491
944
352
311
173

3,064
106
151
116
105
327
487
934
356
311
171

3,050
106
151
115
104
327
482
928
356
310
171

3,042
107
151
115
104
326
478
922
359
309
171

3,026
107
152
115
103
324
471
915
361
309
169

3,032
108
154
115
102
325
466
916
364
310
172

3,005
108
152
114
102
323
462
903
363
308
170

3,016
109
153
114
102
324
463
904
366
308
173

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

3,261
499
23
348
947
162
581
285
29
277
110

3,264
500
23
346
946
163
583
286
29
279
109

3,276
507
23
345
949
163
584
288
30
279
108

3,274
508
23
344
948
163
587
287
29
279
106

3,265
508
23
340
943
163
589
286
29
279
105

3,258
509
23
337
938
163
591
286
29
278
104

3,257
508
23
336
936
164
594
287
29
276
104

3,241
508
23
334
924
164
596
286
29
274
103

3,243
514
23
333
918
166
599
286
29
273
102

3,248
504
22
331
930
166
602
286
28
274
105

3,251
507
22
332
928
166
603
285
28
275
105

3,258
505
23
333
932
166
606
287
27
275
104

3,261
508
22
334
931
166
605
286
27
278
104

Manufacturing .

Service-producing

35,730 35,921 35,987 36,152 36,303 36,481 36,591 36,802 36,845 37,049 37,216 37,329 37,501

Transportation and public utilities .

1,413

1,419

1,422

1,431

1,439

1,444

1,459

1,469

1,468

1,476

1,475

1,481

1,486

Wholesale trade

1,597

1,604

1,609

1,614

1,619

1,627

1,637

1,641

1,654

1,656

1,661

1,666

1,675

Retail trade

8,712

8,799

8,794

8,840

8,878

8,907

8,931

9,005

9,029

9,046

9,077

9,080

9,125

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3,476

3,491

3,510

3,527

3,540

3,564

3,579

3,600

3,61

3,628

3,65i

3,668

3,685

Services .
Government.
Federal
State
Local

12,573 12,645 12,708 12,769 12,841 12,937 12,969 13,034
7,959
984
1,683
5,29;

7,963
987
1,685
5,291

7,944
990
1,685
5,269

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all




7,971
99;
1,70;
5,277

7,986
992
1,710
5,284

8,002
996
1,719
5,287

8,016
1,000
1,724
5,292

8,053
1,001
1,735
5,313

13,048 13,109 13,202 13,238 13,321
8,034
1,004
1,749
5,281

8,134
1,007
1,766
5,361

8,149
1,01;
1,77;
5,36!

8,196
1,021
1,780
5,395

8,209
1,023
1,782
5,404

seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.

93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1984

1985

Industry
Dec.

Total private.
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.p

Dec

64,830 65,058 65,177 65,376 65,571 65,735 65,766 65,869 66,110 66,211 66,473 66,654 66,860
17,585

17,638

17,578

17,574

17,597

691

690

692

691

699

701

3,485

3,549

3,539

3,574

3,649

3,651

13,409 13,399

13,347

13,309

13,249

17,470 17,538

17,475

17,504

694

690

686

684

681

678

675

3,632

3,648

3,673

3,699

3,717

3,704

3,725

13,203 13,169

13,137

13,145

13,087

13,140 13,167

13,221

17,555 17,495

17,549 17,621

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,855
597
399
462
640
242
1,102
1,353
1,371
1,251
687
400
280

7,843
595
400
463
640
242
1,099
1,346
1,366
1,257
691
399
278

7,806
589
399
461
636
240
1,097
1,340
1,357
1,251
677
400
276

7,776
585
400
462
630
237
1,094
1,335
1,345
1,251
671
399
275

7,730
579
397
460
621
238
1,093
1,325
1,322
1,264
682
397
272

7,704
580
393
460
618
234
1,091
1,323
1,313
1,260
678
394
272

7,671
576
394
459
615
231
1,086
1,314
1,303
1,260
678
394
270

7,630
583
394
459
609
230
1,082
1,303
1,290
1,253
671
391
266

7,638
588
398
460
602
221
1,082
1,298
1,288
1,260
675
392
270

7,586
588
394
459
601
223
1,080
1,284
1,273
1,251
663
389
267

7,627
596
395
460
605
224
1,084
1,290
1,275
1,267
678
388
267

7,636
601
395
461
610
231
1,082
1,284
1,275
1,270
672
391
267

7,653
605
396
463
610
231
1,082
1,282
1,280
1,273
674
393
269

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

5,554
1,135
50
623
1,000
514
768
581
111
62;

5,556
1,138
51
62;
998
515
773
580
111
620
148

5,541
1,138
50
614
99;
514
775
580
111
621
146

5,533
1,143
49
610
986
51
777
579
110
619
145

5,519
1,138
50
611
983
51
778
578
109
61
144

5,499
1,141
49
605
970
516
780
575
108
611
144

5,498
1,153
49
603
96;
516
78,
575
108
607
143

5,507
1,139
49
60;
978
516
788
574
108
606
147

5,507
1,146
48
601
970
517
790
574
108
608
145

5,501
1,141
49
600
975
516
788
575
104
608
145

5,513
1,141
48
603
976
517
789
575
104
615
145

5,531
1,144
49
604
979
522
794
570
105
620
144

5,568
1,156
46
605
988
525
797
572
107
626
146

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

150
47,245
4,337
4,570
15,23:
4,284
18,821

47,420 47,599 47,802 47,974 48,180 48,271 48,394 48,606 48,741 48,935 49,105 49,239
4,344

4,355

4,358

4,36!

4,385

4,38;

4,390

4,369

4,403

4,414

4,430

4,441

4,589

4,596

4,610

4,631

4,644

4,662

4,663

4,676

4,685

4,70;

4,708

4,719

15,278

15,337

15,391

15,430

15,521

15,568

15,652 15,668

15,73

4,298

4,309

4,328

4,343

4,364

4,381

4,400

4,416

4,436

19,115

19,205

19,266 19,278

19,367

19,493

19,549

18,911

19,00;

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March




15,57

4,451

15,743 15,743
4,475

4,490

19,636 19,749

19,846

1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.
Corrected seasonal adjustment factors for production workers in blast furnaces
and basic steel products for August and November 1985 are 100.9 and 97.5
respectively. The corrected factor for motor vehicles and equipment in
September 1985 is 101.5.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 ncreased, seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Over
1 -month
span

1983
1984
1985

52.2
67.3
57.6

45.9
72.7
50.3

59.7
66.8
55.9

70.0
67.3
44.6

68.9
60.5
50.3

63.0
64.3
47.0

72.7
65.7
54.9

69.5
58.1
56.8

73.2
48.4
45.7

74.1
66.5
63.5

Over
3-month
span

1983
1984
1985

46.2
78.1
58.6

53.2
75.9
54.1

63.0
77.6
46.8

73.5
68.9
45.9

71.9
69.7
44.1

73.8
67.0
49.7

72.7
65.4
50.5

80.3
60.3
49.2

80.8
60.0
53.8

Over
6-month
span

1983
1984
1985

50.0
79.2
52.2

62.4
77.8
49.5

65.7
77.3
44.3

67.8
75.4
44.6

74.3
69.2
44.3

78.4
64.9
42.4

79.7
63.2
46.8

Over
12-month
span

1983
1984
1985

48.6
81.9
50.8

55.1
78.4
48.4

61.4
76.8
49.5

68.6
75.1
47.3

75.1
73.0
48.1

77.0
70.0

Time
span

p

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment




72.4
72.7
45.1

P

p

79.5
64.1
50.5
79.7
65.7

P

p

78.6
56.5
53.0

Nov.

p

P

66.8
55.1
60.5

Dec.

P

68.9
63.5
64.6

74.6
67.0
66.5

74.3
60.0

78.9
67.0
54.9

79.2
59.7

79.7
57.6

78.4
60.3

78.4
63.5

80.8
60.5

81.6
56.2

81.1
51.9

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1984 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1981 forward are subject to revision.

95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa...
Alaska .
Arizona ...
Phoenix.
Tucson ..
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

1,400.4
356.9
108.8
154.6
115.1
53.5

1,405.6
364.2
112.2
154.9
116.4
55.3

1,410.6
364.7
112.1
155.9
116.7
55.5

14.6
7.6
.1
1.0
.1
2.6

15.2
7.8
.1
1.0
.1
2.9

15.1
7.8
.1
1.0
.1
2.9

65.2
19.7
4.2
11.2
6.8
2.4

69.8
21.0
4.4
12.2
6.9
3.0

69.2
21.1
4.4
12.0
7.0
3.0

224.2

234.5

227.4

8.8

9.6

9.6

18.1

20.9

16.4

1,234.2
808.4
221.8

1,280.2
840.5
232.2

1,288.6
845.9
234.5

12.8
.6
2.8

11.2
.6
2.4

11.0
.6
2.3

103.6
71.6
19.4

109.7
75.9
21.4

109.0
75.7
21.1

796.8
43.3
67.0
217.8
31.2

806.3
43.7
67.2
218.9
31.9

803.4
43.7
66.9
218.8
31.9

5.2

36.5
1.7
3.0
11.9
1.3

38.1
1.9
3.1
12.2
1.7

37.0
1.8
3.0
11.9
1.8

5.5

O

1.3
.4

5.3

O

1.2
.4

1.1
.4

0

0

0

0

10,743.9 10,978.1 10,991.0
997.0
983.3
997.0
158.0
156.3
151.6
192.2
190.2
193.0
3,876.3 3,891.6
3,798.1
94.1
90.5
94.3
774.9
780.4
748.8
184.4
177.0
185.8
513.0
509.3
495.6
493.6
495.5
478.2
99.4
99.6
95.9
787.4
784.7
755.8
917.1
925.0
930.2
794.2
794.8
796.8
137.4
138.6
138.2
112.2
111.9
110.8
132.7
130.9
126.6
113.7
113.5
110.0

49.8
4.3
15.5
1.1
12.1
.1
2.0
3.3
1.3
.8
.3
.6
2.5
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.4

48.2
4.1
15.8
1.1
12.0
.1
2.0
3.1
1.3
.9
.3
.6
2.0
.2
1.5
.8
.1
.4

48.3
4.1
16.0
1.1
11.9
.1
2.0
3.1
1.3
.9
.3
.7
2.0
.2
1.5
.8
.1
.4

455.1
48.8
8.3
10.9
113.1
5.3
42.4
8.4
34.3
24.8
3.5
45.0
30.8
31.5
6.4
7.1
6.7
6.0

484.5
50.8
9.1
11.3
122.8
6.0
46.9
9.0
39.1
28.2
3.9
49.0
34.0
33.7
6.6
7.5
6.3

476.7
50.9
9.1
11.2
122.2
6.0
46.3
8.9
39.0
27.1
3.9
47.9
33.8
33.0
6.5
7.4
7.5
6.3

33.7
22.3

33.6
22.3

90.6
55.2

92.6
57.0

84.7
51.7

1.2

65.8
6.4
15.6
3.0
11.1
4.7
3.5

70.8
6.7
16.0
3.2
11.7
4.9
3.6

70.4
6.6
15.9
3.1
11.6
4.9
3.6

in

Colorado
Denver-Boulder .

1,409.8
915.6

1,431.0
928.8

1,431.9
925.2

35.8
23.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,564.2
190.5
434.3
62.0
237.0
118,8
86.6

1,583.5
192.3
435.4
61.3
241.0
120.7
85.9

1,590.8
193.0
437.9
61.3
242.7
121.1
86.8

1.5

288.9
253.6

295.2
256.7

296.8
257.4

.1
.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

17.4
18.6

19.0
18.9

18.8
18.6

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

615.4
1,842.1

626.9
1,904.4

630.5
1,920.3

.1
.9

.1
1.0

.1
1.0

11.4
99.1

12.0
111.9

11.9
111.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..,
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

4,328.8
94.7
413.5
90.0
83.8
347.7
132.5
129.4
784.3
389.8
117.2
87.8
90.9
705.0
275.2

4,490.4
98.1
416.3
92.9
83.2
362.7
131.1
131.0
782.4
398.7
117.4
86.1
96.4
719.8
279.5

4,539.7
98.7
421.6
94.3
83.4
364.6
132.6
132.5
785.4
401.9
117.3
86.1
96.5
724.5
285.6

10.0

10.1

337.2
6.8
34.0
11.0
4.4
25.9
9.0
8.3
39.5
32.4
9.1
9.7
4.5
58.7
25.9

339.5
7.0
34.6
11.0
4.2
27.4
9.7
7.9
37.0
29.9
8.7
9.1
4.9
58.6
25.8

343.0
7.0
34.9
11.1
4.1
27.5
9.8
8.1
37.2
31.0
8.4
8.9
4.9
58.9
26.8

Delaware
Wilmington

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.


96


.2

0

.3
.7

1.2

O

.3
.6

10.2

0

.4

0
O

.6
4.9

O

.8

.6
4.8

O

(1)

.7

0
0

.3
.3
.6

.4

.4

g

0 '

0

(')
(')

0
0
0

0
O

O

0

0

.3

O

O

•

.7

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.6
4.8
.9
.4

.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

358.8
53.3
30.6
25.5
17.5

348.3
54.5
31.6
24.6
17.6

8.3

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

2.3
9.7
4.7
1.9

72.6
29.5
2.4
9.0
4.7
1.9

72.3
29.6
2.3
9.0
4.7
1.9

299.9
86.1
21.6
41.4
26.3
11.1

294.6
87.8
22.4
41.7
26.5
11.4

299.7
88.5
22.5
42.2
26.8
11.6

8.5

18.5

19.5

18.8

46.1

46.6

46.6

183.2
131.1
32.2

182.5
130.0
32.5

62.1
40.7

63.5
41.9
8.7

64.0
42.3
8.7

301.5
205.7
49.5

308.1
209.6
50.6

314.7
215.2
51.0

212.3

209.8
9.3

22.5
33.7

22.7
33.3

47.2
3.3
3.4
14.2
3.2

180.1
10.5
14.7
52.1

180.4
10.7
15.0
52.5

5.7

47.8
3.3
3.4
14.3
3.2

178.0
10.6
15.1
52.1

5.8

209.0
9.2
22.3
33.1
5.5

46.9

9.6

6.4

6.6

6.7

2,065.1
236.0
10.7
22.1
909.6
18.8
103.4
25.9
61.8
32.8

2,058.2
231.6
10.8
22.6
919.1
20.1
105.0
26.5
63.4
34.1

552.9
32.4
7.8
10.2
199.0
4.5
46.0
7.2
28.6
23.7
4.7
31.0
86.0
22.5

558.1
33.0
8.0
10.0
200.3
4.5
49.7
8.4
28.4
23.3

557.5
32.8

5.0

5.0

30.9
82.9
22.6

30.8
82.8
22.5

9.8

2,068.2
231.9
10.8
23.2
915.4
20.9
105.2
26.7
63.3
34.6
9.1
120.7
85.3
282.7
23.3
17.9
22.2
10.2

5.5
5.1
7.7
4.4

5.4
5.1
8.0
4.4

5.4
5.1
7.8
4.4

2,593.4
245.0
40.0
48.6
888.2
23.8
190.9
45.0
128.0
118.8
26.5
181.9
207.3
148.4
31.5
28.3
30.8
26.7

2,664.5
251.9
40.1
47.6
900.8
24.0
195.0
46.5
130.1
121.0
27.1
188.9
211.8
151.6
32.1
28.7
32.8
27.4

2,675.1
251.4
40.9
48.3
906.1
24.4
199.0
47.2
131.8
122.8
27.5
190.9
215.4
153.4
32.4
29.1
32.2
27.8

Colorado
Denver-Boulder

195.5
134.1

192.9
130.6

192.4
130.0

86.3
63.5

87.9
66.0

87.9
66.1

347.5
223.4

350.3
226.8

354.7
229.2

Connecticut

426.4
65.2
93.8
24.2
49.3
30.3
30.3

418.3
64.0
93.1
22.1
48.8
29.2
28.1

418.5
63.9
93.4
22.0
48.8
28.9
28.2

68.1

69.1

69.4

7.2

7.4

7.5

16.1

16.3

16.4

3.2

3.3

3.4

18.1

18.4

18.6

4.6
3.1

4.7
3.2

4.7
3.2

345.6
42.7
91.0
11.2
55.1
28.1
16.9

350.2
43.2
93.1
11.6
56.9
28.9
17.6

354.1
43.7
94.4
11.6
57.7
29.3
18.0

Delaware
Wilmington

72.8
64.5

70.3
61.4

70.2
61.2

12.4
12.3

12.4
12.0

12.4
12.0

65.0
53.1

66.2
53.8

67.5
55.1

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

14.8
78.1

14.9
79.1

14.9
80.0

26.1
85.1

26.7
90.1

26.7
89.8

64.9
375.5

65.9
383.9

66.9
392.0

513.1
10.8
45.1

518.9
10.8
44.3

524.7
10.9
44.7

246.0

250.6

3.3

3.6

21.0

20.9

4.1
5.7

4.5
5.0

4.5
5.0

4.3
1.7

4.5
1.6

36.4
23.4
26.5
97.0
45.6
12.4

37.1
22.4
25.9
96.0
47.4
11.7

26.8

28.2

5.6
5.3

5.8

7.0
3.9

6.8
3.9

88.7
36.6

89.7
35.9

37.0
23.1
26.1
96.0
47.9
11.6
6.9
3.8
90.2
36.5

252.5
3.6
21.1
4.5
1.7
28.3
5.9
5.5
71.3
21.1
6.2
3.5
2.9
36.2
10.4

1,143.6
27.4
121.2
26.8
17.7
94.7
35.2
28.6
203.3
106.1
28.7
25.5
19.3
193.0
70.9

1,170.1
27.9
119.5
27.9
17.0
96.6
33.8
29.3
201.2
110.5
29.2
25.0
19.2
195.8
72.9

1,185.8
28.4
122.0
28.9
16.8
98.1
34.6
29.7
201.6
111.4
29.7
25.1
19.2
197.7
74.3

72.5
29.7

8.1

348.2
54.6
31.7
25.0
17.4
8.0

8.3

9.7

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

178.5
129.8
29.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

8.7

117.0
87.5
292.8
24.3
18.2
20.6

8.5

120.7
85.5
280.5
23.1
17.6
21.5
9.7

8.8

3.2
3.4

14.4
3.3

71.1
19.9
6.0
3.4
2.8
35.9
10.5

5.5
70.9
20.5
6.3
3.5
2.9
36.4
10.3

8.0

10.1
199.1
4.5

50.3
9.0

28.3
23.2

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Alabama
Birmingham ...
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery ..
Tuscaloosa....

63.5
25.0
3.0
7.5
6.6
1.6

66.4
25.9
3.0
7.4
6.7
1.7

66.7
26.0
3.0
7.4
6.7
1.7

228.6
76.5
18.9
31.2
22.5
7.1

236.3
78.3
20.3
31.5
22.9
7.3

235.2
78.2
20.1
31.6
22.9
7.3

297.3
59.0
28.1
27.1
30.6
18.5

302.4
59.4
28.0
27.5
31.0
19.0

304.2
58.9
28.0
27.7
31.1
19.1

Alaska .

12.5

13.2

13.1

43.6

44.5

43.8

68.3

70.5

70.6

Arizona ...
Phoenix.
Tucson ..

73.2
57.1
10.3

78.7
61.7
10.8

79.5
62.5
10.9

283.5
193.7

299.6
203.3
57.0

300.1
203.4
57.5

219.0
109.2
49.2

226.2
116.4
49.1

227.8
116.2
50.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

36.4
1.5
2.5
14.8
1.5

37.9
1.6
2.6
15.3
1.6

37.9
1.6
2.6

133.9

137.9
6.1
12.2
46.3
5.5

137.0
6.1
12.2
46.3
5.5

147.3

149.4
11.0
7.3
45.0
7.6

149.7
11.0
7.3
45.1
7.6

703.4
72.2
5.7
12.8
253.0

716.5
74.0
5.8
12.9
258.7
4.0
46.0
11.2

715.8
74.3
5.8

2,672.0
240.3
29.0
43.5

2,676.4
240.0
29.1
43.3
999.7
19.1

1,749.5
108.8
35.3
42.0
468.0
15.5

1,766.1
111.0
37.7
42.6

174.9
38.9

155.2
39.1

1,783.0
111.9
38.3
43.5
474.6
16.1
156.7

114.9

108.6

154.7
24.7

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

3.9
44.1
11.2
21.0
26.7
4.8
49.4
111.9

15.3
1.6

12.9

52.1
6.0
12.3
45.4
5.6
2,574.7
235.8
28.3
42.5
955.1
18.6

133.8
78.8
25.4

79.4
25.8

21.0

20.9

28.1
35.3

28.4
36.0

318.4
212.2

254.0
142.9

262.5
144.9

263.6
145.4

355.5
43.2
97.4
11.6
62.1
32.4
19.;

355.2
43.3
97.3
11.5
62.4
32.6
19.4

191.3
18.3
55.2
6.5
29.4
10.2
10.3

190.8
18.6
54.9
6.5
29.0
10.3
10.2

193.8
18.7
55.6
6.7
29.4
10.4
10.4

59.4
53.;

62.4
55.6

62.
55.1

43.7
35.3

45.6
36.8

46.1
37.2

36.3
111.5

207.5
550.6

212.7
577.3

214.3
579.8

254.5
547.3

258.3
550.3

259.4
554.5

323.1
6.5
34.3
7.4
3.3

1,096.5
25.0

1,160.9
26.6
110.9
23.4
18.4
85.;
28.3
37.1

1,174.2
26.5
112.4
23.5
18.
84.9
27.9
37.8
211.0
113,
28.1
23.3
18.0

676.7
15.6
51.6
13.8
32.9
52.9
18.0
19.6

718.4
15.7
51.4
14.2
33.6
54.7
18.1
20.1
103.8
50.4
27.6
11.1
42.8
93.3
36.1

726.3
15.8
51.8
14.2
34.2
55.1
18.2
20.1
104.4
50.8
27.6
11.1
43.0
94.2
36.4

21.6
27.6
4.8
49.7

4.9
49.9

111.3

110.7
31.9
7.1
7.3

164.8
36.9
112.0
95.9
22.7

996.5
19.1
174.8
38.9
113.8
99.5

186.5
257.3

197.2
263.3

191.3
35.8
23.1
26.1
23.4

192.7
36.4
23.7
27.2
24.9

100.8
23.7
198.1
264.3
192.2
36.6
23.6
27.0
24.7

24.1

31.9
7.1
7.3
6.3

4.1

6.3
4.1

93.2
66.8

97.2
68.8

96.8
68.3

306.9
205.8

313.9
212.4

124.4
9.1

127.6
9.2
64.3
3.0
13.8
9.7
3.9

128.2
9.3
64.6
3.0
13.9
9.7
4.0

341.1
41.5
93.4
11.1
59.8
30.8
18.7

18.1
16.4

19.4
17.9

19.5
18.0

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

36.1
105.5

36.3
110.8

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

305.!
5.8
33.6
7.1
3.4

322.0
6.5
34.3
7.
3.3
32.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

98



69.0
2.8
13.9
9.4
3.8

31.0
7.8
4.7
62.6
25.3
5.0
7.3
4.4
53.9

21.4

8.
5.1

62.9
26.0
5.3
7.1
4.4
56.8
21.9

45.1
7.3

469.8
15.5
155.3
40.6
111.7
158.5
25.3
147.7
134.4

258.9
4.0
46.2
11.2
21.7
27.7

31.3
7.1
7.3
6.5
4.0

Colorado
Denver-Boulder.

10.7
6.9

33.1
8.3
5.
63.0
26.3
5.3
7.;
4.4
56.
22.

106.6
22.7
17.9
79.4
27.9
36.3
206.4
112.4
28.0
23.7
17.7
182.7
75,

209.
114.0
28.3
23.4
18.0
188.5
76.5

189.9
78.9

144.4

103.6
48.1
27.!
11.1
38.0
91.4
34.5

41.0
112.6

158.9
25.6
148.4
135.7
80.5
26.0
21.3
28.5

36.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

2,548.9
48.6
59.2
1,241.2
136.5
89.6
111.4
95.0

2,633.3
48.4
59.5
1,297.6
139.6
88.0
112.0
95.5

2,642.8
47.9
59.5
1,305.9
139.8
88.0
112.0
96.2

O

0

Hawaii
Honolulu

415.1
336.5

420.1
339.1

423.6
342.7

O
(1)

1

Idaho
Boise City

330.2
84.7

343.1
86.4

340.9
86.3

O

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock IsJand-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,710.1
126.4
52.0
76.0
2,873.4
144.0
50.3
91.7
30.9
172.5
129.4
115.0
86.8

4,715.2
125.1
52.6
78.3
2,849.4
146.0
49.5
93.5
31.1
175.3
126.9
115.5
87.8

4,714.2
126.8
52.4
78.5
2,856.6
146.0
49.9
93.9
31.3
175.6
126.8
115.4
87.2

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,173.0
47.7
88.4
122.4
162.0
214.2
546.1
61.0
47.4
105.2
52.6

2,258.5
48.3
90.3
123.4
166.6
216.6
558.2
61.8
48.8
106.1
53.8

2,259.1
48.1
90.3
123.7
166.8
215.3
558.9
61.6
48.8
106.6
53.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,077.8
78.5
189.1
40.3
49.8
48.4
62.5

1,072.1
78.7
190.0
40.8
48.6
48.8
60.3

1,068.9
79.1
190.5
40.7
48.7
48.9
59.7

980.9
29.0
83.2
203.6

991.8
30.1
83.7
205.0

994.1
30.6
84.2
205.4

18.0
(1)

o3.5

o
o3.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,231.2
161.8
401.6
32.9

1,259.7
164.7
410.8
31.6

1,254.1
163.4
411.4
31.1

46.0
.7
.7
1.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,610.9
45.5
219.1
63.6
99.1
60.9
54.3
543.3
145.0

1,598.7
45.7
220.4
60.3
95.3
57.6
54.9
530.3
143.3

1,596.7
45.9
221.0
60.4
95.0
57.5
54.8
529.4
139.8

82.3
.3
1.2
8.5
17.5
2.1
.7
20.2
5.2

450.4
36.6
104.1

464.3
37.5
107.1

459.1
37.3
106.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Nov.
1984
8.1
.1

O

O
0
0

14.4
12.0

18.5
15.5

18.1
15.4

3.6

13.2
5.3

16.0
5.5

15.2
5.4

25.7

166.6
4.0
1.3
1.7
100.2
4.6
1.8
4.8
1.2
5.8
5.7
3.4
2.5

183.1
4.5
1.5
1.8
103.3
5.2
1.8
4.7
1.3
6.4
6.1
3.8
2.9

176.5
4.7
1.4
1.8
101.1
5.1
1.8
4.8
1.3
6.3
6.1
3.6
2.6

88.7
1.2
2.4
7.2
7.0
10.8
24.7
1.8
1.5
4.4
2.0

111.6
1.4
2.6
7.3
7.8
12.4
28.0
1.8
1.8
4.7
2.2

109.7
1.3
2.6
7.1
7.6
11.6
27.7
1.7
1.7
4.7
2.1

41.0
2.5
7.3
1.3
1.9
1.6
2.4

39.1
2.9
8.4
1.4
1.7
2.2
2.9

36.4
2.7
8.2
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.6

o3.2

43.8
1.1
3.1
9.8

45.4
1.2
3.0
10.0

43.3
1.3
2.8
9.9

45.3
1.0
.7
1.2

43.9
1.0
.7
.8

54.4
8.6
19.0
1.8

59.3
9.8
21.0
1.5

58.2
9.5
20.7
1.5

77.7
.3
1.3
8.2
15.2
2.0
.8
19.5
4.7

77.2
.3
1.3
8.2
15.1
2.0
.7
19.5
4.5

115.9
2.9
23.8
3.5
5.3
4.2
3.2
33.4
8.9

114.7
3.1
26.2
2.9
5.5
3.4
3.6
31.7
9.6

112.8
3.0
26.0
3.1
5.2
3.4
3.5
31.1
9.1

.2

20.2
1.6
5.4

24.4
1.7
6.2

23.3
1.7
5.9

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

2.2

01
()

25.8

O
0
O

O
0
0
2.3

2.8

0
0
01
()
0

10.1

0
0

2.7

o2.7
(1)

o .4

o
o1
()
o .4

2.1
.1

2.1
.1

o
0
o
o1
()

0
0
0

o
o .4
2.0
.1

o
0
0

o
o

16.8

.1

0
0

10.1

0

0
0

o1
()
o
o
o

2.2

0
0
0
01
(1)
()
01
()

o
0

10.6

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

0

O
O
0
0
0
0

o
o1
()
o
0

7.9

0

3.9

O

O

Nov.
1985P
156.7
2.5
1.9
78.8
7.4
5.3
4.8
6.0

3.8

24.8

Oct.
1985
157.0
2.4
1.9
81.2
7.3
5.3
4.8
6.1

()
0

O
0
0

Nov.
1984
143.2
2.3
1.5
70.1
6.9
5.4
4.8
5.8

7.9

O

1.2
.4
.1
.2

0
(1)

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

16.8

0

.2

O
0

(1)

O

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1984
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins .
Savannah

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

552.5
10.6
15.7
179.2
35.9
22.2
19.1
16.1

549.7
10.4
15.5
178.4
36.5
20.5
19.1
16.2

550.4
9.9
15.4
179.2
36.5
20.4
19.1
16.4

159.1
2.5
1.6
102.6
4.3
3.3
4.3
10.2

162.6
2.4
1.7
106.4
4.3
3.5
4.6
10.0

162.6
2.3
1.7
106.2
4.4
3.5
4.5
10.2

648.1
11.5
12.6
353.4
28.3
19.9
24.3
22.9

682.5
11.7
12.5
370.9
28.7
19.2
23.7
23.2

688.9
11.5
12.6
376.1
28.9
19.3
23.9
23.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

21.0
14.9

21.0
15.2

21.0
15.3

32.2
26.6

32.8
27.1

32.8
27.2

112.6
89.8

112.9
89.2

113.4
89.7

Idaho
Boise City .

54.6
10.5

56.5
10.6

56.0
10.6

19.3
5.5

19.3
5.4

19.2
5.3

84.3
21.6

85.4
22.4

85.3
22.5

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline .
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

977.6
37.0
5.2
6.9
593.8
31.1
15.8
20.1
5.6
40.9
33.9
45.2
4.9

948.3
34.8
5.0
7.3
580.9
31.4
14.9
21.0
5.3
40.6
30.3
44.0
3.7

944.6
34.9
4.9
7.2
577.2
31.6
14.8
21.1
5.4
40.7
30.1
44.2
3.6

278.2
3.3
3.2
2.4
173.2
8.0
3.9
8.9
.7
5.0
6.6
4.3
4.1

279.1
3.3
3.1
2.4
176.4
8.1
3.8
9.0
1.2
5.1
6.6
4.3
4.3

277.8
3.4
3.1
2.4
176.8
8.0
3.9
9.0
1.2
5.2
6.5
4.2
4.3

1,174.9
35.8
12.5
18.4
695.7
39.1
11.2
21.7
7.8
44.4
31.9
25.1
17.9

1,174.0
33.8
12.5
18.6
697.9
39.2
11.3
22.0
7.7
42.2
32.2
25.0
17.6

1,185.7
34.6
12.6
18.7
707.1
39.1
11.7
22.2
7.8
42.9
32.5
25.1
17.8

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka .
Terre Haute

621.2
19.3
47.6
31.9
46.4
61.0
111.7
11.6
11.2
25.8
10.3

617.1
19.3
48.4
31.6
46.3
59.9
106.5
11.3
10.9
25.0
10.8

613.8
19.0
48.2
31.7
45.9
59.5
105.5
11.3
10.9
25.3
10.6

107.6
1.2
2.8
6.6
10.5
13.4
32.1
1.9
2.0
4.4
2.7

110.6
1.2
2.8
6.8
10.9
13.7
32.7
1.8
2.1
4.5
2.6

110.5
1.3
2.8
6.7
10.9
13.6
32.8
1.8
2.1
4.5
2.6

508.1
10.2
16.8
30.9
39.4
50.3
140.4
12.3
11.4
28.0
14.8

530.6
10.4
17.2
31.0
40.8
50.5
144.7
12.7
11.9
28.4
14.7

537.5
10.4
17.3
31.5
41.8
50.6
146.8
12.9
12.0
28.7
14.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

211.2
21.6
23.8
12.1
4.1
9.6
15.7

206.8
21.7
21.8
12.2
4.1
10.1
13.7

206.0
21.6
21.8
12.1
4.1
10.2
13.4

50.6
3.6
11.0
1.8
1.1
3.3
2.1

50.4
3.7
11.8
1.7
1.2
3.2
2.0

50.3
3.7
11.7
1.7
1.1
3.2
2.0

272.3
19.4
50.1
8.9
9.2
12.7
14.3

268.2
18.9
49.6
9.0
8.9
12.0
13.9

267.9
19.0
50.1
9.1
9.2
12.1
14.0

Kansas
Lawrence.
Topeka
Wichita

177.6
4.2
9.4
55.6

176.4
4.4
9.2
55.8

176.6
4.4
9.5
56.1

64.6
1.2
7.5
10.4

63.9
1.2
7.3
10.6

63.8
1.2
7.2
10.5

246.4
6.1
19.2
48.8

249.1
6.4
19.8
48.9

251.5
6.4
20.1
49.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette .
Louisville
Owensboro

259.1
29.7
88.4
6.5

254.4
28.9
85.8
6.1

253.5
28.6
85.3
6.1

66.7
7.5
23.5
2.3

69.7
7.6
22.6
2.2

68.9
7.6
22.6
2.2

291.8
38.1
100.7
8.4

298.1
38.1
105.0
7.8

297.9
38.2
105.7
7.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

185.1
3.5
21.8
6.1
6.
10.1
7.2
48.3
23.;

174.6
3.5
20.5
6.0
5.7
9.5
7.2
46.6
19.8

173.2
3.5
20.6
5.8
5.8
9.4
7.
46.6
18.7

118.5
2.3
10.4
7.4
7.2
4.
2.7
47.1
8.7

114.8
2.3
10.7
6.9
7.1
4.4
2.6
44.9
8.1

114.8
2.3
10.9
6.9
7.1
4.4
2.6
44.6
7.9

384.9
11.3
53.8
15.3
26.3
15.1
16.0
143.6
34.4

384.3
11.4
52.4
14.2
24.9
14.1
16.5
142.3
35.0

388.0
11.5
52.9
14.3
25.0
14.1
16.8
144.1
35.0

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland

109.4
11.0
16.2

105.2
10.6
16.0

104.8
10.4
16.;

19.4
1.3
5.7

19.9
1.4
5.7

19.5
1.4
5.6

103.8
8.7
30.:

108.6
8.9
30.5

107.2
9.1
30.7

See footnotes at end of table.

100




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Nov.
1984
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

132.2
2.3
1.7
84.1
5.1
5.9
6.6
4.2

137.1
2.3
1.8
87.8
5.7
6.1
6.9
4.2

137.4
2.3
1.8
88.3
5.7
6.1
6.9
4.2

458.6
7.1
8.5
273.3
22.1
13.1
19.3
19.0

485.7
7.0
8.3
294.6
22.8
13.1
19.3
18.7

487.3
7.0
8.3
298.6
22.7
13.0
19.2
18.9

447.1
12.4
17.4
177.5
33.5
19.8
32.7
16.8

450.8
12.2
17.6
177.0
33.7
20.2
33.4
17.1

451.6
12.3
17.7
177.5
33.8
20.3
33.5
17.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

31.8
27.3

32.1
27.5

32.3
27.6

109.4
86.1

110.3
86.8

110.9
87.2

93.7
79.8

92.5
77.8

95.1
80.3

Idaho
Boise City

23.4
8.0

23.7
8.2

23.6
8.3

61.6
16.9

65.6
17.4

65.9
17.3

70.0
16.2

72.7
16.8

72.1
16.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

317.5
6.5
8.5
2.5
229.9
7.2
2.7
3.6
1.4
7.0
6.3
4.4
7.6

324.4
6.5
8.7
2.5
235.2
7.3
2.6
3.6
1.5
6.9
6.4
4.6
7.6

324.3
6.5
8.7
2.5
236.4
7.3
2.6
3.6
1.5
7.0
6.4
4.6
7.6

1,058.7
25.2
9.8
12.6
729.5
26.9
9.1
17.2
7.1
38.6
28.9
21.0
19.1

1,079.3
27.1
10.1
12.7
703.3
27.4
9.3
17.4
7.4
42.0
29.2
21.8
20.3

1,077.3
27.6
10.0
12.6
704.1
27.3
9.3
17.5
7.4
41.5
29.1
21.8
20.2

711.8
14.5
11.5
31.5
348.9
27.0
5.7
15.1
7.1
30.1
15.8
11.5
30.5

701.2
15.0
11.7
33.0
350.1
27.4
5.6
15.5
6.7
31.4
16.1
12.0
31.3

702.3
15.0
11.7
33.3
351.7
27.6
5.6
15.4
6.7
31.3
16.1
11.9
31.0

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

103.6
1.6
2.2
4.6
10.7
7.7
39.6
2.7
1.5
4.9
1.7

107.6
1.6
2.3
4.7
10.8
40.6
2.8
1.5
5.1
1.8

107.7
1.6
2.3
4.7
10.9
7.7
40.5
2.8
1.5
5.1
1.8

391.4
8.6
11.5
26.7
31.3
41.5
112.6
10.2
8.6
26.8
10.3

424.2
8.8
11.8
27.6
32.9
41.7
118.7
10.4
9.3
27.6
10.7

422.7
8.8
11.8
27.5
32.6
41.6
118.6
10.4
9.3
27.6
10.5

341.7
5.6
5.1
11.7
16.6
29.4
84.1
20.4
11.1
10.9
10.4

346.7
5.6
5.2
11.7
17.0
30.6
86.2
20.9
11.3
10.8
10.6

347.2
5.7
5.3
11.8
17.0
30.6
86.2
20.6
11.3
10.7
10.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

62.0
4.6
23.8
1.4
1.2
2.6
3.1

63.1
4.7
24.4
1.5
1.3
2.6
3.1

63.2
4.7
24.6
1.5
1.2
2.6
3.1

226.4
16.2
44.1
11.1
7.0
12.2
13.0

229.5
16.7
45.5
11.7
6.5
12.4
12.9

228.3
16.8
45.4
11.6
6.4
12.4
12.7

212.1
10.3
28.9
3.6
25.4
6.4
11.9

212.9
10.0
28.5
3.5
24.9
6.4
11.9

214.7
10.4
28.7
3.5
25.0
6.4
11.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

52.1
.9
5.9
10.0

52.8
.9
5.9
10.1

52.9
.9
5.9
10.2

186.0
4.7
18.2
40.3

195.6
5.0
18.8
42.2

194.9
4.9
18.8
41.8

192.4
10.8
19.8
25.2

191.8
11.0
19.6
24.2

194.3
11.5
19.8
24.5

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

55.9
7.9
25.5
1.2

58.4
8.4
26.1
1.2

58.2
8.4
26.3
1.2

233.8
35.7
87.9
6.8

242.9
37.1
91.5
6.7

241.0
36.1
91.6
6.7

223.5
33.6
56.0
4.8

231.6
33.8
58.1
4.9

232.5
34.0
58.4
4.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

83.2
2.5
13.4
2.4
4.1
2.8
4.1
32.2
7.8

84.2
2.5
13.6
2.4
4.0
2.7
4.3
31.5
7.9

84.5
2.5
13.6
2.4
4.0
2.7
4.2
31.6
7.9

314.9
9.8
40.2
9.3
19.3
11.0
10.6
131.6
31.4

319.2
9.9
40.2
8.7
19.3
10.6
10.6
127.2
32.5

318.6
10.0
40.4
8.7
19.1
10.6
10.5
127.7
30.9

326.1
12.9
54.5
11.1
13.2
11.1
9.8
86.9
25.4

329.2
12.7
55.5
11.0
13.6
10.9
9.3
86.6
25.7

327.6
12.8
55.3
11.0
13.7
10.9
9.3
84.2
25.8

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

20.0
1.7
9.0

20.9
1.8
9.4

20.9
1.8
9.5

89.8
8.8
23.1

96.4
9.5
24.5

93.2
9.3
24.0

87.7
3.5
14.4

88.7
3.6
14.8

90.0
3.6
14.9

in

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C..

1,848.9
988.3
439.1
638.4

1,904.9
993.2
437.6
658.3

1,923.5
1,000.5
441.3
663.6

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill ....
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,924.5
1,678.3
68.1
55.3
39.0
150.5
102.5
67.6
40.1
231.0
180.5

3,013.7
1,768.5
70.8
56.5
39.2
162.0
104.9
69.6
41.4
239.2
186.8

3,021.6
1,777.4
71.4
57.0
39.7
162.5
106.1
70.1
41.6
240.4
188.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

3,400.6
144.4
53.5
58.8
1,700.1
171.6
283.4
47.7
96.3
188.1
54.1
145.4

3,506.6
154.1
54.2
59.5
1,749.1
173.8
289.9
47.7
99.0
192.1
55.2
150.0

3,504.8
155.1
53.9
60.2
1,754.1
175.7
291.0
47.9
99.1
195.5
55.0
150.4

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

1,881.3
86.8
1,213.6
55.5
61.6

1,911.5
85.8
1,234.3
56.8
63.1

1,905.6
85.1
1,235.6
57.0
62.4

840.5
165.6

856.1
167.5

857.9
168.1

9.2
1.8

2,041.8
675.3
35.8
1,057.9
96.7

2,051.0
678.6
33.6
1,065.3
98.0

2,043.1
678.9
33.6
1,064.2
98.1

5.9
.7

Montana ..

285.9

282.3

280.7

Nebraska .
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

645.7
102.6
281.9

653.1
103.0
287.0

652.7
103.3
286.9

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

440.7
246.9
123.0

450.8
252.7
125.3

450.6
253.9
124.2

New Hampshire .
Manchester
Nashua

453.0
78.3
82.6

484.0
79.9
84.4

483.5
80.5
85.1

3,397.8
143.3
640.2
385.5
229.9
464.5
283.1
934.5
173.4
51.3

3,490.5
154.8
651.4
395.3
233.7
478.8
300.4
940.3
177.2
51.6

3,493.8
152.1
654.4
396.8
234.5
480.1
298.5
943.7
178.9
51.6

Mississippi .
Jackson ....
Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Joseph ...
St. Louis
Springfield ...

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

102



.4

0
0
0
01
()
01
()

.1
.2
9.3
2

1

()
.1
.7

0

.4
.3
.1
.4
.1
.2

0
0
O

0

105.4
56.2
2.9
1.8
1.6
7.6
4.0
2.1
1.4
6.7
7.0

117.6
64.1
3.7
2.0
1.9
11.8
5.4
2.3
1.6
7.4
8.0

117.4
64.4
3.7
2.0
1.9
11.4
5.2
2.3
1.5
7.4
8.0

95.3
3.2
1.6
1.2
51.4
4.1
10.4
1.2
3.1
4.1
1.7
5.2

108.7
5.7
2.0
1.5
55.3
4.4
11.3
1.4
3.5
5.4
1.9
6.3

106.9
5.7
1.7
1.4
55.3
4.2
11.0
1.2
3.3
5.6
1.8
6.2

8.7
5.0

78.1
3.1
51.3
1.9
3.0

84.1
3.1
55.2
2.2
3.5

78.9
2.9
53.5
2.1
3.5

8.9
1.7

8.9
1.7

38.7
8.4

41.8
9.0

42.1
9.3

6.4
.8

6.3
.8
3.7
.1

85.1
29.1
1.5
53.6
3.5

85.4
29.2
1.6
52.5
4.3

83.1
28.4
1.6
52.0
4.1

6.5

13.2

13.3

12.3

1.8

25.5
4.2
12.7

24.4
4.0
12.3

O
.5

1.2
.6

1.2
.5

.2
.1

.7

0
0
O
0
0
(11)
()

0

3.7
.1

0)
0
0
0
0

1.8
.3

.3

26.3
4.0
11.9

6.9
.3
.9

6.8
.3
.8

23.2
13.7
5.8

24.9
14.9
6.4

23.8
14.6
5.6

.7

.6

.2

.2

27.8
4.4
3.5

35.9
5.0
4.2

35.5
5.1
4.2

143.7
6.8
25.2
17.5
5.6
19.5
16.8
33.7
4.2
2.0

159.8
7.2
25.7
19.5
7.0
22.3
21.2
35.8
4.2
1.9

158.9
7.2
25.7
19.4
7.0
22.1
21.0
35.6
4.1
2.1

0

0

0
2.3

O
.1

.1
.1

0
.6
.7

0

7.1

2.2

0
0

.6

01
(1)
()

.4
.1

9.6

0
0
0

9.2
5.3

7.0
.4
.8

0

.2
.1

0
(11)
()
01
()
01
()

1.9
.3

0
0
0
01
()
01
()

8.6

0
0
0

7.7

O

1.3
.2

.5

0
0
0

3.6
.1

Nov.
1985P
148.4
57.9
18.4
55.0

0
0
01
(1)
()
0
(1)

8.4
4.7

Oct.
1985
143.2
57.5
18.2
55.2

0

1.2
.5

Nov.
1984
124.0
54.3
17.5
49.7

1.5
.2

1.7
.2

0

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

0
.7

0
.3

2.3

0

0
0
0

.1
.1
.6
.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacture g
State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

217.7
140.9
54.4
33.0

210.5
134.4
51.2
32.0

211.0
134.8
51.7
32.3

92.5
58.6
34.0
19.4

91.7
56.1
31.9
20.3

92.9
56.5
32.4
20.4

467.1
240.4
94.0
175.6

477.8
241.0
92.3
176.0

484.5
244.2
94.0
179.4

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton .
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

690.1
336.3
13.2
20.2
13.8
55.7
42.4
25.1
12.3
57.3
49.4

674.5
350.0
12.8
20.3
13.0
58.7
40.7
25.3
12.5
56.0
50.0

672.7
350.9
12.8
20.4
13.4
58.8
41.6
25.3
12.6
56.4
50.1

125.4
77.3
4.5
1.8
1.5
6.0
3.3
2.4
1.0
9.0
7.9

129.7
79.6
4.4
1.7
1.4
6.3
3.4
2.5
.8
9.4
7.5

129.6
79.7
4.5
1.7
1.5
6.3
3.3
2.5
1.0
9.4
7.6

679.1
376.0
19.5
12.7
9.4
30.3
20.7
15.1
10.1
53.7
42.2

710.7
395.4
20.3
13.3
9.5
32.3
21.5
16.0
10.9
56.5
42.7

719.0
401.6
20.7
13.5
9.6
32.5
21.6
16.2
11.0
57.3
43.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

958.2
37.7
14.6
19.9
464.4
66.0
94.7
12.3
28.3
37.1
19.3
46.0

966.0
35.6
14.6
20.0
464.0
67.4
97.5
12.5
29.4
37.3
19.5
46.8

958.9
35.7
14.2
20.1
461.5
68.3
97.2
12.5
29.7
38.7
19.5
46.4

137.9
3.5
1.9
2.5
74.4
4.5
10.8
4.5
2.8
5.2
2.9
7.0

141.3
4.0
1.8
2.4
75.7
4.3
11.0
4.1
2.8
5.3
2.8
6.9

140.7
4.0
1.8
2.4
75.5
4.3
11.0
4.1
2.8
5.1
2.8
6.9

764.2
19.5
9.5
11.7
401.8
40.6
69.5
10.2
21.4
36.8
10.8
33.1

785.8
23.8
9.4
12.0
410.7
40.9
70.1
10.0
21.7
36.0
11.1
34.0

792.4
24.3
9.7
12.0
417.9
41.8
71.3
10.3
21.6
36.8
11.2
34.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

380.4
64
261.5
11.0
103

375.2
6.5
257.9
11.2
10.1

370.4
6.4
256.1
11.2
9.6

98.5
6.9
68.2
1.9
3.8

100.9
6.2
67.9
1.9
4.1

100.5
6.2
68.0
1.9
4.1

478.1
22.4
304.1
12.1
17.8

480.4
21.2
303.4
12.3
18.5

483.4
21.3
307.0
12.5
18.4

Mississippi
Jackson

219.6
20 1

220.9
19.3

221 1
19.1

40.1
10.2

40.6
10.2

40.3
10.2

182.0
42.2

186.0
42.8

188.0
43.3

Missouri
Kansas City
St Joseph
St Louis
Springfield

432 9
119.8
8.6
228.1
19.5

429.2
121.0
8.0
229.3
18.8

425.4
120.8
8.0
225.9
18.8

135.4
52.1
1.9
74.0
6.1

133.4
51.8
1.7
73.9
5.9

132.8
51.8
1.7
73.1
5.9

488.8
174.2
8.5
251.5
27.1

491.3
170.7
8.1
250.7
27.5

492.9
173.0
8.2
253.5
27.5

Montana

22.5

22.1

21.7

20.6

19.9

19.7

78.3

76.2

76.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

89.7
12.8
36.4

88.0
13.1
35.1

86.8
13.0
34.6

42.8
6.3
23.1

43.2
6.1
23.7

43.1
6.1
23.8

164.3
22.3
71.1

164.3
21.6
70.8

165.1
21.9
71.0

Nevada
Las Veaas
Reno

21.4
7.6
8.4

21.3
7.6
8.0

21.4
7.5
8.0

25.1
14.1
8.0

25.6
14.6
8.2

25.7
14.6
8.1

90.0
51.2
27.1

90.7
51.7
27.2

92.5
52.9
27.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua

126.5
16.0
37.5

120.3
15.6
35.9

121.1
15.5
36.3

15.3
4.8
2.2

15.7
4.9
2.4

15.7
4.9
2.4

108.4
20.5
16.7

124.5
20.5
17.8

125.4
20.9
18.1

New Jersev
Atlantic Citv
Beraen-Passaic
Camden
Jersev Citv
Middlp^ex-Somerset—Hunterdon
Monmouth Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville Bridaeton

736.3
8.0
171.5
75.1
59.3
113.7
33.2
207.2
33.6
14.5

728.5
8.3
170.8
77.0
57.2
113.3
33.9
200.2
33.2
14.3

726.7
8.4
170.8
76.6
57.0
113.4
33.9
200.4
33.6
13.8

219.6
5.8
30.8
17.0
29.0
34.5
13.2
79.1
5.7
2.0

222.4
6.0
30.6
17.1
29.8
35.3
14.6
78.9
5.7
2.1

222.3
5.9
30.3
17.1
30.1
35.3
14.7
78.6
5.8
2.1

816.2
31.7
183.9
103.3
52.0
112.2
77.2
192.0
28.4
10.1

839.7
34.0
188.1
105.9
54.3
115.0
81.3
198.3
29.2
10.5

845.9
32.3
190.1
107.0
54.7
116.2
81.6
200.1
29.6
10.6

.. .
.. .

.. .

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985 P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

105.4
62.9
40.6
34.2

113.1
66.4
43.2
35.6

114.0
66.8
43.4
36.0

451.8
232.2
118.2
173.0

473.0
236.0
119.4
182.5

474.5
237.7
120.0
182.0

388.7
198.8
80.4
153.1

394.1
201.6
81.4
156.2

396.9
202.4
81.4
158.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill ....
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

178.0
124.0
2.4
2.7
1.3
5.4
3.0
2.4
2.0
14.0
10.7

195.3
134.1
2.6
2.8
1.4
5.8
3.6
2.5
2.1
14.8
11.8

195.9
134.1
2.6
2.8
1.4
5.9
3.7
2.6
2.1
14.7
11.9

771.7
512.1
13.3
9.6
6.8
27.9
16.5
10.8
8.4
52.5
40.8

810.5
544.3
14.7
9.9
7.2
30.0
Ml
11.3
8.5
56.4
43.7

808.5
544.6
14.7
10.0
7.1
30.5
17.9
11.4
8.3
56.1
44.1

373.6
195.9
12.3
6.5
4.6
17.6
12.5
9.7
4.8
37.7
22.3

374.2
200.4
12.3
6.5
4.8
17.1
12.5
9.7
4.9
38.5
23.0

377.3
201.6
12.4
6.6
4.8
17.1
12.7
9.8
5.0
38.9
23.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

154.6
4.1
3.6
2.0
90.4
5.7
11.1
1.6
3.8
9.7
1.3
5.4

160.2
4.2
3.8
2.2
94.3
6.0
11.2
1.6
4.0
10.2
1.4
5.7

160.3
4.2
3.8
2.2
94.4
6.1
11.4
1.6
4.0
10.2
1.4
5.7

700.9
28.4
10.8
13.1
389.5
27.2
58.1
9.3
20.8
31.0
10.1
28.7

738.8
31.3
11.0
12.8
415.0
27.8
59.5
9.2
21.3
33.2
10.5
29.6

734.5
31.2
11.1
13.4
415.0
28.1
59.6
9.3
21.3
33.5
10.4
29.8

580.3
47.9
11.5
8.3
228.2
23.5
28.4
8.4
16.0
63.8
7.9
19.8

597.1
49.3
11.6
8.5
233.4
22.9
28.9
8.8
16.3
64.2
7.9
20.5

601.5
49.8
11.6
8.5
234.0
22.9
29.1
8.8
16.3
64.9
7.9
20.6

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

106.8
2.9
80.6
1.5
2.0

110.9
3.0
83.9
1.6
2.1

111.1
3.1
83.9
1.6
2.1

429.8
21.0
287.2
22.0
12.2

446.3
19.9
304.2
22.5
12.4

444.2
20.0
303.7
22.6
12.4

301.2
19.2
159.8
5.0
12.3

304.5
20.5
160.8
5.0
12.2

308.5
20.3
163.4
5.0
12.2

34.5
12.6

35.2
12.9

35.1
12.9

127.5
33.6

130.0
34.4

129.8
34.4

188.8
36.7

192.7
37.1

192.5
37.2

113.6
49.7
2.1
62.7
4.3

115.3
50.4
2.0
64.5
4.4

114.6
50.4
1.9
64.3
4.4

434.3
147.1
7.5
245.5
23.0

446.2
150.7
7.0
253.7
24.1

442.2
148.9
7.0
253.9
24.3

345.8
102.6
5.9
138.9
13.1

343.9
104.0
5.2
137.0
12.9

345.8
104.8
5.2
137.8
13.0

Montana ..

13.3

13.2

13.1

60.3

61.4

61.0

70.0

69.1

69.5

Nebraska .
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

43.7
7.3
25.6

45.1
7.6
26.4

45.1
7.7
26.5

138.9
20.6
70.4

144.8
20.8
73.5

144.8
20.9
73.4

138.2
29.3
43.1

140.4
29.7
44.4

141.5
29.7
45.0

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

20.8
12.1
6.7

21.3
12.6
6.7

21.2
12.6
6.7

192.7
118.7
49.1

197.4
120.5
50.6

198.3
120.8
51.9

60.5
29.1
17.1

62.7
30.5
17.3

60.9
30.6
15.4

New Hampshire .
Manchester
Nashua

24.2
6.6
2.7

26.1
6.9
2.8

26.2
6.9
2.8

90.9
18.3
14.0

100.7
19.3
15.1

98.4
19.4
15.0

59.5
7.7
5.9

60.1
7.6
6.0

60.6
7.7
6.1

185.0
6.5
31.5
19.2
8.4
25.i
13.5
69.1
8.,
2.7

192.7
7.
33.0
19.7
8.5
26.9
13.7
68.9
8.3
2.7

192.7
7.1
33.1
19.8
8.5
26.8
13.7
69.i
8.1
2.7

760.9
59.8
128.7
84.5
35.7
89.3
71.;
220.4
46.0
9.0

800.5
66.6
133.8
85.0
35.7
95.
76.9
223.4
47.
8.6

796.2
65.4
134.1
84.6
35.6
94.9
74.3
224.3
47.7
8.6

533.8
24.6
68.6
68.8
39.8
70.0
58.0
132.4
47.3
11.1

544.6
25.4
69.3
71.0
41.,
70.,
58.8
134.1
49.4
11.;

548.8
25.7
70.2
72.2
41.6
70.8
59.3
134.8
50.0
11.4

Mississippi .
Jackson ....
Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Joseph ...
St. Louis
Springfield ...

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.
104




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1984
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

514.1
212.5
37.3

522.2
221.0
38.5

521.8
221.5
38.6

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

7,687.5
378.0
118.8
411.3
35.1
40.5
361.2
1,052.6
3,974.3
3,482.6
77.7
89.1
113.0
446.2
92.6
284.6
118.7
384.4

7,793.5
381.6
117.3
416.4
34.0
42.0
365.3
1,074.1
4,008.5
3,513.1
78.7
90.6
113.8
452.4
93.0
283.0
118.6
387.4

7,835.0
382.0
117.8
418.1
34.2
41.1
366.2
1,083.2
4,035.0
3,537.4
78.5
90.9
114.3
452.6
94.0
282.6
117.8
388.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

2,621.5
73.5
494.1
428.9
337.2

2,665.0
75.3
493.5
436.4
346.3

2,670.1
74.9
492.0
437.5
347.0

4.7
.1
.3
.4
.3

256.6
36.3
68.0
28.5

255.4
36.5
69.9
29.3

254.3
36.3
69.9
29.4

7.6
.2

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,330.2
256.1
150.7
609.9
856.4
590.7
401.9
261.5
184.2

4,436.6
262.2
154.2
637.2
871.5
618.1
414.3
270.0
187.5

4,450.4
262.7
155.0
641.0
873.2
621.6
415.8
271.2
187.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,192.2
25.8
33.3
442.1
301.4

1,185.5
24.9
33.6
442.8
301.7

1,182.3
24.9
33.9
441.7
301.8

76.1
2.2
.3
20.1
21.2

67.8
1.7
.2
18.7
20.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,020.5
98.3
518.0
87.7

1,050.5
100.4
523.8
92.8

1,040.3
99.1
525.7
89.5

1.3
.3
.5
.1

1.6
.4
.5

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

4,737.9
264.7
48.7
55.6
1,640.0
110.3
272.3
77.0
164.1
2,025.8
763.6
841.5

4,788.1
265.5
49.6
54.4
1,637.7
111.2
276.7
78.1
168.2
2,032.8
755.6
853.4

4,800.5
265.4
49.4
54.2
1,655.0
110.9
276.2
77.6
168.3
2,051.9
765.3
854.9

37.7
.3
.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

21.6
.3

O

0
0

.6

.3
.2
1.7
1.3

0
O
(1)

.8

0

.3
.1
.1

0
O
27.7

o1
()
o
o1
()

0

0

36.8
17.8
2.7

.2
.2
.1

268.3
14.1
4.7
14.6
1.2
1.6
11.5
46.9
122.9
97.0
3.0
3.2
4.8
14.9
3.9
15.8
3.6
21.0

290.3
15.5
5.2
16.7
1.5
1.7
12.3
49.2
130.8
103.6
3.7
3.4
5.6
15.8
3.7
15.4
4.2
22.5

287.1
14.7
5.0
16.0
1.4
1.6
11.9
49.2
131.6
104.7
3.4
3.4
5.6
15.4
3.7
14.9
3.6
22.2

4.7
.1
.3
.3
.3

4.6
.1
.3
.3
.3

142.5
3.1
25.8
20.4
22.4

153.4
3.5
26.1
20.3
23.5

153.7
3.5
25.8
20.1
23.1

6.7
.2

6.8
.2

14.7
2.0
3.6
1.4

12.8
1.9
3.9
1.6

11.8
1.7
3.7
1.5

27.5

154.8
9.0
5.7
22.2
28.3
20.9
14.0
8.3
6.1

170.1
10.7
6.4
25.4
31.4
24.1
16.7
9.4
6.8

163.8
10.2
6.1
24.7
30.2
23.6
16.3
9.3
6.4

67.9
1.8
.2
18.4
20.7

48.8
1.2
1.1
18.7
14.7

46.7
1.1
1.0
19.2
15.2

46.2
1.1
1.1
19.1
15.1

1.4
.3
.5

31.0
3.1
17.8
2.7

34.5
3.8
18.6
3.1

31.2
3.3
17.5
3.0

36.6
.4

190.2
9.8
2.0
2.9
66.6
3.1
10.3
3.0
7.6
84.1
18.1
40.9

214.0
10.3
2.5
3.3
69.2
3.5
10.3
3.6
8.9
88.7
19.0
46.0

206.2
10.3
2.3
3.2
67.0
3.4
10.0
3.3
8.8
86.4
18.3
44.1

1.0
.2
.1
5.7
.4
1.1
5.6

19.4
.3

0
6.9
.2

6.9
.2

0

.7

0
0

.3
.2
1.5
1.2

0
0
0

.7

.3
.2
1.5
1.2

(1)

0
0
O

.8

0

.2
.2
.1

0
(1)

0
0
0

Nov.
1985P

37.2
17.9
2.7

0

O

Oct.
1985

36.6
15.9
2.7

19.8
.2

7.2
.2

Nov.
1984

0
0
0

.8

0
0

27.4

0
0
0
0
0
0
01
()

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

O
37.6
.4

0

0
O

0
0

0

0

1.1
.3
.1
4.9
.5
1.2
7.1

1.1
.3
.1
4.8
.5
1.2
7.1

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1984
New Mexico...
Albuquerque .
Las Cruces ...

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

37.6
19.6
3.7

37.7
19.6
3.7

37.5
19.5
3.2

30.4
12.3
1.4

29.9
12.0
1.4

29.7
12.0
1.4

121.3
54.7
7.8

125.4
57.6
8.2

126.9
58.2
8.4

1,340.5
55.2
41.4
80.7
8.0
10.2
128.3
181.3
518.0
432.7
25.1
15.6
34.8
151.0
15.9
59.8
28.1
68.1

1,308.7
52.5
38.6
78.6
6.7
9.6
126.7
179.2
507.4
421.4
24.7
15.3
33.6
149.6
15.8
56.7
25.7
68.8

1,307.6
52.5
38.6
78.2
6.6
9.7
126.4
182.4
506.3
420.5
24.6
15.3
33.6
148.9
15.9
55.6
25.7
68.5

419.4
16.6
4.2
21.6
1.4
1.3
10.5
46.1
262.0
237.5
3.9
5.5
3.3
13.2
4.1
15.7
4.5
19.8

416.3
16.0
4.2
20.8
1.4
1.3
10.6
47.1
257.4
234.2
4.1
5.8
3.2
13.3
4.2
15.7
4.4
18.4

415.1
16.0
4.3
20.8
1.4
1.3
10.5
47.3
256.8
233.6
4.0
5.7
3.2
13.2
4.2
15.8
4.4
18.5

1,609.7
82.6
22.2
100.4
9.3
8.7
71.4
284.3
760.3
641.4
16.7
21.9
19.6
89.9
21.7
62.8
24.4
93.6

1,633.9
84.9
22.5
102.1
9.3
9.6
72.1
290.2
764.1
644.0
16.8
22.8
20.2
91.7
22.1
64.3
25.5
94.2

1,662.4
85.9
23.0
104.3
9.4
9.3
73.2
295.3
776.3
654.5
16.9
23.1
20.3
92.6
22.5
64.7
25.4
95.6

828.0
19.9
148.2
153.2
57.7

815.0
19.8
141.7
152.1
57.9

814.0
19.8
141.1
152.3
57.9

129.8
3.4
41.6
23.0
16.1

131.8
3.5
43.4
23.9
16.4

131.4
3.5
43.4
23.9
16.4

569.3
17.2
116.1
92.3
68.1

581.9
17.7
116.6
95.5
69.7

585.5
17.9
117.1
96.3
70.9

15.7
2.0
5.1
1.4

16.0
2.0
5.0
1.4

15.8
1.9
5.0
1.4

16.8
2.9
4.0
1.5

16.7
2.8
4.0
1.6

16.5
2.8
4.0
1.5

68.9
9.7
20.3
8.1

69.1
9.7
21.1
8.6

69.2
9.8
21.2
8.7

1,133.6
67.9
46.8
146.1
214.8
106.1
105.4
65.0
54.4

1,110.9
65.1
45.7
148.1
208.1
105.2
105.9
66.1
53.6

1,113.1
65.2
45.7
149.0
208.0
105.4
105.4
65.9
53.1

207.9
13.3
6.1
32.2
42.8
27.2
15.4
14.4
7.7

210.0
13.8
6.2
32.9
43.4
28.1
16.2
14.3
7.7

209.9
13.8
6.3
32.7
43.6
28.1
16.2
14.4
7.7

1,002.7
61.0
35.6
152.1
204.8
145.1
87.4
64.6
44.3

1,046.0
63.7
38.1
160.3
208.6
152.5
91.6
66.9
46.5

1,057.6
64.8
38.7
162.0
210.4
155.3
93.3
68.2
47.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

175.5
1.9
3.5
54.3
52.1

169.1
1.9
3.3
52.3
52.0

168.3
1.8
3.3
51.8
52.0

63.8
2.6
1.3
22.1
20.7

62.3
2.5
1.2
21.6
20.8

62.1
2.6
1.2
21.4
20.6

291.7
7.5
8.2
114.7
73.2

291.1
7.0
8.1
115.2
72.5

292.5
6.9
8.2
115.8
73.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

197.9
19.2
93.1
13.6

207.1
19.5
93.9
16.5

196.1
18.7
92.6
13.1

55.4
4.0
34.0
2.5

56.0
4.1
34.1
2.6

56.0
4.1
34.4
2.7

259.8
25.3
139.9
19.8

265.1
25.8
140.9
19.4

267.8
26.0
143.3
19.5

1,116.5
90.1
11.6
16.4
324.2
37.1
53.0
12.4
57.8
399.4
108.1
141.5

1,071.0
84.3
11.1
14.1
315.2
36.1
51.6
12.3
57.0
392.1
100.6
135.7

1,068.1
83.7
11.1
13.7
318.1
35.9
51.
12.0
56.7
394.7
103.6
135.8

251.1
14.0
5.1
5.2
79.8
4.4
18.2
5.1
6.9
96.8
45.8
49.5

250.7
14.1
5.0
5.2
79.4
4.3
17.5
5.2
7.1
96.5
45.5
48.3

250.3
13.8
4.9
5.2
79.9
4.3
17.4
5.1
7.0
97.0
45.6
48.1

1,072.3
56.4
12.1
11.8
368.2
23.8
59.5
16.7
39.5
471.5
151.
211.4

1,077.9
57.3
12.7
12.0
367.2
25.0
62.3
16.8
40.6
473.1
149.1
214.4

1,093.6
58.5
12.7
12.3
374.3
25.2
62.7
16.9
41.3
481.3
150.8
216.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

106




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
Nov.
1984
New Mexico...
Albuquerque .
Las Cruces ...

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

24.7
12.8
1.4

25.6
13.4
1.6

25.6
13.5
1.6

109.4
53.3
4.9

112.0
56.1
5.2

111.6
56.1
5.3

132.5
43.6
15.4

134.6
44.2
15.7

134.3
44.1
16.0

705.6
18.4
3.6
22.3
1.1
1.8
17.2
61.4
528.9
501.8
1.9
3.4
3.4
18.9
3.5
18.0
5.9
23.0

718.7
19.0
3.6
22.8
1.1
1.8
17.5
62.9
537.7
510.0
1.9
3.5
3.5
19.2
3.6
18.5
6.1
23.5

719.7
19.0
3.7
22.8
1.1
1.8
17.5
63.0
538.7
510.9
1.9
3.5
3.6
19.2
3.6
18.4
6.1
23.6

2,000.3
87.6
21.8
100.4
7.8
8.0
82.2
255.5
1,160.1
1,029.9
14.9
18.1
22.7
95.7
22.3
64.7
22.9
104.0

2,070.7
88.9
22.2
103.9
7.6
8.9
85.5
268.8
1,181.9
1,049.9
15.3
18.5
23.2
99.4
22.3
64.5
23.9
105.8

2,072.3
88.8
22.0
104.3
7.7
8.2
85.7
267.2
1,190.6
1,058.5
15.2
18.3
23.2
99.2
22.6
64.7
23.6
105.6

1,336.5
103.3
20.9
70.8
6.4
8.6
39.9
176.8
620.5
540.9
12.1
21.2
24.1
61.8
21.1
47.4
29.2
54.7

1,348.0
104.5
20.9
70.9
6.4
8.9
40.3
176.5
627.7
548.8
12.1
21.3
24.5
62.7
21.1
47.8
28.6
53.9

1,363.8
104.8
21.1
71.1
6.5
9.0
40.6
178.6
633.2
553.4
12.2
21.6
24.5
63.2
21.3
48.3
28.8
54.6

106.1
2.5
26.4
19.5
17.5

111.6
2.6
26.9
19.7
19.0

112.0
2.6
27.0
19.6
19.2

407.2
15.5
80.1
68.0
72.9

429.3
16.4
82.9
70.2
77.2

428.5
15.9
81.5
70.1
76.8

433.9
11.8
55.6
52.1
82.2

437.4
11.8
55.6
54.2
82.3

440.5
11.6
55.8
54.8
82.4

12.3
1.7
4.2
1.1

12.4
1.7
4.4
1.1

12.4
1.7
4.4
1.1

57.7
10.0
17.3
6.0

58.3
10.2
18.0
6.0

58.3
10.2
18.1
6.0

62.9
7.8
13.5
9.0

63.4
8.0
13.5
9.0

63.5
8.0
13.5
9.2

213.1
9.4
6.4
35.4
48.3
47.4
16.1
10.1
7.3

221.4
9.8
6.5
37.2
50.3
50.2
16.5
10.8
7.4

222.2
9.8
6.6
37.4
50.2
50.4
16.6
10.9
7.6

917.3
52.4
31.4
139.3
201.5
130.1
90.4
57.4
39.9

973.0
55.3
33.1
148.2
214.3
141.9
95.1
60.2
41.2

972.8
54.9
33.2
149.0
213.6
142.2
95.4
60.0
41.1

673.2
42.3
17.6
82.2
114.5
112.8
72.8
41.4
23.9

677.8
43.0
17.0
84.6
114.2
115.0
71.9
42.0
23.6

683.5
43.2
17.4
85.5
115.8
115.5
72.2
42.2
24.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

64.8
1.3
1.6
28.1
17.2

66.0
1.2
1.7
28.7
17.1

65.8
1.2
1.7
28.4
17.3

221.1
5.5
5.6
85.6
68.1

225.4
5.6
6.2
87.6
68.7

224.2
5.6
6.2
86.9
68.6

250.4
3.6
11.7
98.5
34.2

257.1
3.9
11.9
99.5
34.7

255.3
3.9
12.0
99.9
34.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland

66.4
4.4
41.6
5.2

68.5
4.3
42.2
5.2

68.8
4.3
42.2
5.2

206.9
19.8
116.3
16.4

214.7
20.6
120.3
17.3

215.2
20.4
120.5
17.3

201.8
22.2
74.8
27.4

203.0
21.9
73.3
28.6

203.8
22.0
74.7
28.6

256.6
10.4
1.5
1.9
118.0
5.1
15.0
4.1
5.7
137.2
66.9
49.7

264.5
10.6
1.6
1.9
121.1
5.1
15.6
4.7
6.1
140.8
67.1
50.4

264.6
10.5
1.7
1.9
121.3
5.1
15.6
4.7
6.1
141.1
67.3
50.5

1,130.0
55.3
9.2
10.2
461.6
23.7
51.8
17.8
31.2
546.2
236.0
236.6

1,192.4
59.9
9.7
10.8
466.0
24.3
54.2
18.1
32.8
550.9
238.4
244.3

1,193.9
59.6
9.7
10.6
471.4
24.1
53.8
18.1
32.5
556.1
243.0
244.2

683.5
28.4
7.1
7.2
220.6
12.9
64.4
12.2
15.0
289.5
137.5
106.3

680.0
28.6
6.9
7.1
218.5
12.6
65.1
12.5
15.2
289.5
135.9
107.2

687.2
28.6
6.9
7.3
221.9
12.6
65.4
12.7
15.4
294.1
136.7
108.3

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

O

O

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

146.7
274.0
40.2
51.4
46.3
161.2

145.8
278.7
40.3
53.3
46.5
164.3

146.6
276.9
40.3
53.1
46.8
164.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

418.9
123.1
292.3

422.0
123.9
293.3

422.4
124.2
293.5

1,301.1
168.3
200.2
280.7

1,349.7
176.6
201.3
278.8

1,349.2
177.4
201.5
278.7

247.6
60.8

245.5
60.5

243.1
59.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1,842.0
177.6
151.1
229.7
381.5
413.5

1,896.8
192.4
152.5
230.9
391.8
423.8

1,900.4
191.8
152.5
230.4
393.2
424.4

8.1
1.1
.2
2.0
.2
.5

7.7
1.2
.2
2.6
.1
.5

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,514.9
53.0
80.4
340.2
143.0
59.4
64.1
49.8
134.4
1,238.2
173.0
468.4
73.4
1,472.6
65.1
32.0
67.1
93.4
80.1
53.1
53.8
38.8
466.6
37.2
46.0
61.0
29.6
78.0
51.5

6,642.3
53.7
81.9
354.3
135.8
58.2
64.6
51.5
137.3
1,252.6
175.7
489.5
74.1
1,503.3
66.7
33.0
66.6
94.8
81.4
51.8
53.4
38.7
475.7
37.5
46.5
62.8
29.3
79.2
51.8

6,648.9
53.7
81.8
355.1
136.1
58.5
64.8
51.2
137.1
1,254.9
175.6
490.8
74.0
1,500.9
67.0
33.1
65.7
95.6
83.1
52.3
53.6
39.1
477.3
37.6
46.3
62.7
28.9
78.3
51.7

271.9
3.9
1.8
1.1
2.9
2.4
.1
1.4
7.9
23.5
.4
4.9
1.1
96.9
.1
1.8
4.8
.6
1.8
12.9
8.7
.9
3.6
.3
.1
3.4
3.0
.2
3.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

620.6
71.4
426.8

635.0
74.7
437.2

637.1
74.8
440.3

11.8
.2
3.5

Vermont
Burlington
Springfield

218.7
67.8
13.7

230.4
70.4
14.2

226.3
69.9
13.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

108




0.2
1.0
.4
.4

O

.4

.4

6.2
10.0
.9
2.2
1.4
8.2

.1
.1
.1

12.5
3.5
9.7

14.2
3.9
10.7

13.8
3.8
10.4

1.8

83.2
12.5
12.2
18.7

90.0
13.5
13.0
18.6

90.1
13.5
12.7
18.3

2.3

9.6
3.0

11.0
3.7

10.1
3.3

7.5
1.3
.2
2.6
.1
.4

77.7
7.5
6.0
10.4
16.9
23.4

80.3
7.8
7.8
9.9
18.2
23.1

78.6
7.7
7.5
9.8
18.5
22.7

261.4
4.0
1.5
1.1
2.8
2.1
.1
1.4
7.3
23.5
.5
4.6
1.2
96.7
.1
1.6
4.7
.5
1.7
11.6
8.2
.9
3.6
.3
.1
3.3
2.8
.2
3.2

260.8
4.0
1.5
1.1
2.8
2.0
.1
1.4
7.0
23.5
.5
4.6
1.1
96.0
.1
1.6
4.8
.5
1.7
11.6
8.3
.9
3.6
.3
.1
3.2
2.9
.2
3.2

428.2
2.9
4.5
26.9
9.6
7.2
3.5
3.1
10.8
78.3
9.0
28.7
4.4
113.2
3.7
1.1
4.8
4.4
4.3
2.8
3.9
2.6
34.8
1.2
1.9
2.9
2.6
4.1
1.9

438.8
2.9
5.1
28.3
8.7
6.1
3.4
2.9
12.4
81.0
9.3
29.7
3.9
110.0
4.0
1.4
4.2
5.4
4.5
2.7
3.8
2.6
35.7
1.3
1.8
3.3
2.6
4.4
2.2

434.6
2.9
5.0
27.9
8.6
6.2
3.4
2.8
12.6
79.9
9.1
29.8
3.9
107.3
3.8
1.4
4.0
5.3
4.5
2.8
3.7
2.6
35.7
1.5
1.8
3.2
2.4
4.3
2.2

9.1
.1
2.0

9.0
.1
2.0

39.0
3.5
25.9

39.3
3.9
26.0

37.9
3.7
25.4

.4

13.8
4.1
1.4

16.0
4.6
1.8

15.3
4.5
1.8

O

.4

2.6

O

1.8

O
O
O

2.4

O

O

.4

O
O

0.9
.4
.3

.1
.1
.1

O
O
0

0

Nov.
1985P

6.2
10.3
1.0
2.4
1.4
8.2

1.8

o1
()

Oct.
1985

5.5
10.1
1.1
2.0
1.2
6.9

0.9
.4
.3

.1
.1
.1

O

Nov.
1984

.5

0
O

0
O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Nov.
1984
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

53.7
76.3
10.6
8.0
15.8
60.0

49.7
74.3
10.4
7.7
15.4
59.4

49.5
73.1
10.3
7.7
15.2
59.1

6.0
14.5
2.0
1.3
2.1
7.4

6.2
14.9
2.1
1.4
2.0
7.5

6.2
14.8
2.1
1.4
2.0
7.5

30.5
60.2
9.7
9.7
10.0
37.8

31.2
61.7
10.1
10.2
10.1
38.4

31.8
62.3
10.2
10.2
10.3
39.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

123.0
56.9
77.9

120.7
55.4
76.0

121.1
55.7
76.2

14.0
3.4
10.0

14.2
3.4
10.3

14.1
3.4
10.3

90.6
25.6
59.9

91.2
26.2
61.4

91.8
26.3
61.8

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

377.9
20.1
28.5
101.7

370.7
20.2
28.6
98.0

368.9
20.2
28.8
97.7

55.6
8.5
9.0
9.6

56.5
9.1
8.9
10.1

56.6
9.1
9.1
10.0

272.3
41.1
42.2
60.6

290.4
43.1
43.1
60.9

292.2
43.3
43.1
61.2

28.9
9.4

23.6
5.8

22.9
5.5

12.1
4.5

12.7
4.8

12.6
4.7

64.4
15.9

65.2
16.5

64.5
16.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

498.6
44.4
54.1
51.0
53.0
86.9

482.3
44.1
53.1
47.7
51.0
86.1

483.5
44.1
52.9
48.8
50.6
86.1

90.8
7.2
6.0
8.7
31.3
22.4

93.4
7.2
6.0
9.1
31.5
24.8

92.3
7.2
6.0
8.8
32.1
24.7

432.9
39.2
32.2
54.2
105.7
99.6

462.8
39.4
30.5
56.1
106.3
101.4

468.2
39.3
31.0
54.9
107.2
102.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

999.1
5.5
9.6
41.4
30.3
17.0
10.1
3.3
13.7
224.7
38.8
103.7
10.3
176.1
8.7
2.0
15.2
9.1
11.2
3.6
4.8
5.5
52.2
12.3
7.7
12.5
3.1
15.6
9.1

991.4
5.8
10.0
41.3
26.6
16.3
9.7
3.6
13.5
221.9
39.9
111.0
9.7
172.6
8.6
1.9
15.1
8.2
11.3
3.2
4.4
5.3
49.3
11.9
7.4
12.5
2.9
16.0
9.0

988.5
5.8
9.9
41.2
26.6
16.2
9.8
3.6
13.4
222.4
39.2
111.3
9.9
171.2
8.6
1.9
15.1
8.3
11.8
3.4
4.4
5.4
49.0
11.8
7.4
12.1
3.0
15.6
8.9

372.0
2.8
6.4
9.1
11.8
2.4
3.1
1.6
7.6
76.1
9.7
23.8
6.0
100.7
3.2
3.5
3.4
5.2
2.6
2.5
2.7
3.7
18.0
2.1
1.8
2.9
1.4
3.6
2.6

374.6
2.7
6.1
9.6
11.4
2.2
3.2
1.6
7.7
78.1
9.3
25.1
5.7
104.3
3.0
3.7
3.2
5.2
2.8
2.5
2.6
3.9
18.2
2.1
1.8
2.9
1.7
3.7
2.5

374.2
2.7
6.0
9.5
11.4
2.2
3.2
1.6
7.6
77.8
9.1
25.2
5.6
104.4
3.1
3.7
3.2
5.3
2.8
2.5
2.6
3.8
18.2
2.1
1.8
2.9
1.5
3.7
2.5

1,631.0
14.1
24.4
74.2
34.6
10.8
18.2
10.5
34.0
330.4
41.3
132.9
13.9
373.4
16.1
9.8
16.6
27.4
24.4
12.7
16.0
9.9
122.9
8.0
11.8
15.8
8.1
19.9
12.4

1,646.9
14.6
24.8
75.3
33.3
10.7
18.1
11.4
34.7
330.8
41.6
134.9
13.9
372.1
16.3
10.0
16.6
28.0
24.0
12.5
16.1
10.1
127.0
8.2
12.1
16.4
8.4
19.7
12.7

1,654.7
14.6
25.0
75.9
33.9
11.0
18.3
10.9
35.0
333.0
41.9
135.8
13.8
372.6
16.6
10.0
16.2
28.7
25.1
12.7
16.2
10.4
128.0
8.1
12.1
16.6
8.4
19.7
12.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

96.5
12.6
64.3

96.1
12.3
64.8

95.9
12.2
64.9

36.5
2.2
28.3

36.6
2.3
28.3

36.5
2.2
28.3

147.4
14.9
108.5

149.9
14.9
110.0

152.8
15.3
112.5

Vermont
Burlington
Springfield

49.0
16.4
4.2

49.2
16.4
4.0

49.2
16.3
3.9

9.4
2.6
.7

9.2
2.7
.6

9.2
2.6
.6

47.7
15.0
2.3

50.4
15.9
2.5

49.9
15.9
2.5

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ..
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

7.0
11.3
1.3
1.4
2.2
4.3

7.4
11.9
1.3
1.6
2.2
4.5

7.4
11.9
1.3
1.6
2.2
4.5

27.3
59.2
10.0
7.6
8.7
26.6

28.3
63.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro.
Providence

21.9
3.2
18.7

23.9
3.5
19.1

24.0
3.5
19.2

98.2
20.7
72.5

99.5
21.4
72.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

54.9
7.6
15.8
11.2

58.7
8.6
16.2
11.2

58.2
8.4
16.1
11.2

205.4
30.2
35.4
43.1

South Dakota .
Sioux Falls ....

13.2
5.5

13.4
5.9

13.4
5.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

85.4
10.3
4.9
9.2

91.5
11.0
4.7
9.1
21.9
30.5

91.4

4.8
110.0
2.7
1.7
3.0
5.6
3.5
3.6
2.2
1.8
34.2
1.4
1.7
3.4
1.6
4.9
2.4

430.7
2.7
4.3
25.7
5.5
2.4
3.3
2.0
6.3
118.6
8.5
27.9
5.0
118.7
2.9
1.5
3.1
5.8
3.6
3.4
2.0
1.8
36.1
1.4
1.7
3.5
1.6
4.7
2.5

30.4
2.1
24.5

9.6
2.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .
Vermont
Burlington .
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.

no



21.5
28.9

419.8
2.7
4.4
23.3
5.6
2.2
3.2
2.0
6.4
116.3
8.3

25.9

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

16.5
41.4
5.1
21.0
6.1
17.8

16.6
41.7
5.1
21.7
6.2
17.7

16.8
42.1
5.2
21.7
6.4
17.6

99.3
21.4
72.5

58.6

9.7
43.5

58.2
10.0
43.1

58.2
10.0
43.0

225.2
33.2
36.1
43.8

222.7
33.6
35.9
43.7

250.0
48.2
56.8
35.5

256.4
48.8
55.1
35.9

258.7
49.2
55.5
36.3

57.9
15.4

59.1
16.6

58.3
16.5

58.7
7.0

58.1
7.2

58.9
7.2

353.0
32.6
23.4
48.6
88.1
89.8

374.2
42.1
24.0
50.3
94.3
93.9

374.8
41.7
23.9
50.1
94.2
94.1

295.4
35.3
24.3
45.6
64.8
62.1

304.6
39.6
26.2
46.1
68.5
63.5

304.1
39.4
26.2
46.2
68.3
63.6

431.0
2.7
4.3
25.6
5.5
2.4
3.3
2.0
6.3
118.5
8.5
28.2
5.0
118.8
2.9
1.5
3.1
5.7
3.6
3.4
2.1
1.8
36.3
1.4
1.7
3.6
1.6
4.8
2.4

1,280.1
12.9
15.5
74.4
28.0
7.2
11.8
7.3

1,320.5
12.9
15.9
81.1
27.3
7.6
12.1
7.6
27.6
261.5
31.4

1,315.6
12.9
15.8
81.7
27.0
7.6
12.0

1,112.8
8.2
13.8

1,178.0
8.1
14.2
91.9
20.2
10.8
14.7
21.0
27.8
137.2
35.2
61.9
22.0

1,189.5
8.1
14.3

187.5

189.1
19.5
7.8
8.5
22.2

31.;
2.2
25.1

31.4
2.;
25.3

10.;
2.8
.4

10.1
2.8

11.1
4.8

9.2
22.2
30.7

26.6
257.7
29.9
89.0
12.2
325.6
11.8
4.9
10.9
19.7
12.1
8.9

7.9
7.6
99.8
7.0

9.9
8.0
9.0
28.2

94.4
12.7
341.4
12.3
5.2
11.2
19.8
12.3
9.0
8.4
7.3
103.0
7.3
8.8
12.6
5.1
18.6

28.5

61.8
9.9
8.0
9.1
28.2

7.7
27.5
261.5
31.7
93.8
12.6

341.5
12.4
5.2
10.8
19.6
12.3
9.0
8.4

89.8
20.2
10.2
14.1
20.6
27.4
131.2
35.6

59.5
20.7
176.7
18.8
7.2
8.4
21.4
20.2
6.1
7.6
6.8
101.1
4.9

19.5
7.7
8.5
21.9
21.2

6.9

92.2
20.3
10.9
14.7

21.2
27.7
138.3
35.6
62.1

22.1

21.3
6.9

12.7
7.9
4.3

9.6

8.8
12.6
4.9
18.1
9.6

11.8
10.1

7.9
6.8
102.8
5.0
12.8
8.3
4.2
11.9
10.1

125.,
23.2
84.1

133.7
25.4
91.4

133.;
25.;
91.5

133.8
12.7
87.7

139.2
13.6
89.7

140.4
13.9
90.4

50.1

56.0
16.6
3.;

53.5
16.3

38.7
11.7

38.8
11.4

38.7
11.5

3.1

1.8

1.7

1.7

8.3
12.2

5.5
17.9
9.6

15.3
3.0

7.4
102.7
7.4

7.9
6.8

103.8
5.0
12.6
8.5
4.2
11.9
10.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,374.6
28.9
62.1
40.2
70.2
490.2
589.7
386.2
109.2

2,466.1
29.4
62.8
41.0
71.1
513.3
629.4
396.6
112.9

2,475.0
29.4
63.3
40.9
71.2
516.9
636.0
396.3
113.5

16.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
.1

17.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1

17.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1

139.1
1.1
3.2
1.6
2.6
31.2
38.0
21.5
5.8

155.2
1.1
3.8
1.5
3.0
33.1
44.6
24.3
6.7

152.9
1.1
3.6
1.5
2.9
32.9
44.8
24.5
6.7

Washington
Seattle

1,670.2
826.1

1,721.6
845.8

1,713.3
847.7

2.7
.5

2.8
.5

2.7
.5

78.2
38.7

86.9
42.1

83.0
41.0

599.3
107.8
99.6
57.7
58.2

594.4
108.0
99.0
57.6
57.1

591.9
107.8
99.4
57.3
57.9

42.5
2.6
1.0
1.2
2.5

44.1
2.6
1.0
1.2
2.5

42.8
2.6
1.0
1.2
2.5

25.2
5.2
3.9
2.9
2.4

26.6
5.6
4.4
2.8
2.5

25.6
5.2
4.1
2.5
2.3

1,991.2
134.0
51.1
87.4
53.6
41.4
48.5
185.1
669.9
67.7
44.3
42.0

2,020.2
138.5
51.7
88.7
53.4
37.9
49.1
191.2
668.7
67.2
44.3
42.0

2,015.1
137.7
51.9
88.7
53.2
37.9
49.5
191.5
672.0
67.3
44.1
42.2

1.9

63.3
5.9
1.2
3.5
1.5
1.1
1.4
5.8
20.1
1.9
1.5
1.3

67.7
7.2
1.5
4.0
1.7
1.0
1.2
7.4
20.0
2.0
1.3
1.4

64.0
6.7
1.4
3.7
1.6
1.0
1.1
7.0
20.1
2.0
1.4
1.5

Wyoming

195.8

201.7

197.4

26.4

12.2

10.8

9.4

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

692.3
41.2
48.8
41.8
424.8

676.3
40.3
48.0
39.8
415.5

685.7
40.6
48.4
40.7
420.1

0
O

35.8

34.9

35.5

O

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1984

2.1

2.0

0
0
0
0
O
0
O
0
0

0
O
0
O
O
0
0
0

O
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
O
O
(1)

o
0

o
0

0

26.6

26.4

0
.1
.4

.6

.6

.7

o .1
.3

o

O
0
O
0

25.9

0
0
.3

1.5
19.9
2.0

Oct.
1985

22.1

0
0

1.4
16.7
2.3

Nov.
1985P

21.7

0
O

1.6
16.0
2.2

See footnotes at end of table.




in

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

422.3
10.0
10.1
18.0
26.3
67.5
30.1
64.1
21.3

422.8
10.2
9.4
17.6
25.5
68.2
32.2
63.2
20.5

421.8
10,1
9.5
17.1
25.2
67.9
32.8
62.1
20.4

130.1
1.2
2.0
1.0
3.1
24.5
39.6
21.8
8.2

132.0
1.2
1.8
1.1
3.3
25.5
43.1
20.9
8.5

132.0
1.2
1.8
1.1
3.3
25.7
42.8
21.0
8.5

532.8
6.7
11.1
7.9
13.1
118.6
135.1
92.4
28.3

554.8
6.8
11.9
8.6
13.9
125.6
142.1
93.0
29.2

563.6
6.9
12.0
8.9
14.3
128.7
145.6
93.6
29.7

Washington
Seattle

288.8
158.5

296.9
165.4

292.1
165.9

90.9
54.0

93.2
56.2

92.4
55.7

412.2
206.5

424.0
207.6

427.3
210.0

90.4
13.3
20.9
14.8
7.9

87.9
13.4
19.8
14.1
7.1

86.3
13.2
19.9
14.1
8.0

39.1
9.0
8.1
2.2
3.3

37.7
8.8
7.9
2.1
3.2

37.5
8.8
7.9
2.1
3.2

134.9
28.3
25.6
13.8
15.1

134.0
27.7
25.4
13.9
14.8

134.6
28.0
25.8
13.8
14.8

519.9
47.2
9.3
22.8
19.1
15.8
11.1
20.5
175.7
25.7
19.5
11.1

517.3
48.5
9.1
23.8
18.7
12.2
11.1
21.9
167.7
25.1
18.4
11.7

514.9
48.0
9.1
23.4
18.7
12.2
11.0
21.6
169.8
25.1
18.1
11.7

92.6
4.7
2.7
6.2
2.2
1.5
2.1
6.2
33.6
2.3
1.3
2.1

91.6
4.5
2.7
6.1
2.2
1.4
2.0
6.3
33.6
2.3
1.4
2.1

91.1
4.6
2.7
6.1
2.2
1.4
2.1
6.3
33.4
2.3
1.3
2.1

472.9
30.6
14.7
23.6
12.8
8.4
13.0
42.1
151.1
15.4
8.3
10.8

480.2
31.3
15.0
23.8
12.9
8.6
13.3
42.0
152.2
15.4
8.4
10.8

480.9
31.4
15.1
24.3
12.8
8.6
13.4
42.9
153.0
15.3
8.4
10.7

9.0

8.9

8.6

15.7

16.7

16.4

44.7

42.9

42.3

151.6
13.9
19.5
8.4
68.3

149.2
13.7
19.5
8.0
67.2

151.7
13.7
19.6
8.5
68.1

15.7

12.1

115.8
7.7
6.4
6.5
80.6

114.4
7.5
6.0
5.9
79.0

116.9
7.7
6.1
6.1
80.6

2.2

1.9

1.9

2.2

7.7

7.6

7.9

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

112




16.5

O
O
O

12.5
2.3

14.5

O
0
0

11.2
2.2

O
O
O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Nov.
1984
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

,
,

Virgin Islands
1




Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

122.8
1.0
3.8
1.1
3.1
21.8
38.8
31.0
6.7

123.3
1.1
3.8
1.1
3.1
22.0
39.2
31.2
6.7

498.1
3.9
10.0
5.4
12.6
103.6
169.9
71.0
24.5

533.0
4.1
10.5
5.7
13.0
112.3
182.1
76.0
26.8

530.9
4.1
10.7
5.8
13.0
111.9
183.4
75.5
26.9

518.9
4.9
22.2
5.3
9.3
123.5
141.2
85.5
14.5

528.1
4.9
21.6
5.3
9.2
126.7
146.0
88.0
14.4

533.3
5.0
21.7
5.4
9.2
127.7
147.0
88.1
14.5

94.7
60.3

97.9
62.4

98.2
62.6

354.0
179.6

372.7
187.4

370.2
187.1

348.7
128.0

347.2
124.2

347.7
124.9

23.5
5.6
3.8
2.1
2.9

23.7
5.8
3.8
2.1
3.2

23.8
5.8
3.8
2.1
3.2

109.6
22.3
16.3
11.3
14.7

112.5
23.4
17.2
11.9
14.7

112.1
23.3
17.1
11.8
14.6

134.1
21.5
20.0
9.4
9.4

128.0
20.9
19.6
9.5
9.2

129.3
20.9
19.9
9.5
9.2

103.7
6.4
1.8
2.8
1.5
.9
1.3
14.5
44.5
2.3
1.8
3.8

107.2
6.7
1.9
2.9
1.6
.9
1.4
16.2
44.8
2.3
1.9
3.3

107.0
6.7
1.9
2.9
1.6
.9
1.3
16.5
44.7
2.3
1.9
3.3

409.3
22.8
10.8
17.7
10.0
7.2
12.1
37.4
163.7
12.2
6.5
7.0

423.4
24.0
11.0
17.8
10.1
7.3
12.8
39.1
168.8
12.2
7.1
7.1

421.1
23.9
11.1
17.9
9.9
7.2
12.9
38.7
168.8
12.3
7.2
7.1

327.6
16.2
10.6
10.7
6.6
6.4
7.6
58.4
80.9
8.0
5.3
5.8

330.8
16.1
10.5
10.1
6.3
6.5
7.3
58.2
81.3
8.0
5.8
5.6

334.3
16.2
10.5
10.3
6.4
6.7
7.6
58.4
81.9
7.9
5.8
5.7

8.0

7.9

7.9

29.8

34.7

33.8

49.8

53.4

52.5

91.5

254.7
14.4
15.3
14.4
150.2

257.0
14.6
15.3
14.5
151.5

13.1

13.1

29.2

30.3

30.4

92.7

23.5

24.4

24.5

7.5
68.3

7.1
66.6

7.0
66.8

259.9
15.0
15.7
15.0
151.3

1.8

1.7

1.8

6.1

6.1

6.4

13.7

0
0
0

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

Nov.
1984

117.1
1.1
3.4
1.1
3.1
21.2
35.3
29.6
6.5

Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

Nov.
1985P

Oct.
1985

0
0
0

O
O

O
O
O

90.5

O
O

O
O

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1984
benchmarks.

113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Construction
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.95

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
518.63

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.7
37.7

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.12
12.26

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
456.92
462.20

Weekly
hours

Hourly .
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964...
1965...
1966...
1967...
1968...
1969...

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970...
1971 ...
1972...
1973...
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
1978...
1979...

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980...
1981 ...
1982...
1983...
1984...
1985P .

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.3
35.1

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.33
8.58

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
294.05
301.16

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

101.84

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1984:
December.
1985:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

35.5

$8.46

$300.33

44.1

$11.70

$515.97

37.6

$12.26

$460.98

34.7
34.6
35.0
34.9
35.0
35.4
35.3
35.4
35.2
35.1
34.9
35.4

8.50
8.52
8.52
8.54
8.53
8.56
8.54
8.54
8.68
8.65
8.68
8.73

294.95
294.79
298.20
298.05
298.55
303.02
301.46
302.32
305.54
303.62
302.93
309.04

42.9
43.2
43.6
43.3
43.5
43.7
42.9
43.3
43.7
43.2
43.3
44.0

11.86
11.90
11.91
11.93
11.86
11.99
11.88
11.95
12.00
11.95
12.00
12.13

508.79
514.08
519.28
516.57
515.91
523.96
509.65
517.44
524.40
516.24
519.60
533.72

36.4
36.6
37.7
37.8
38.1
38.1
38.6
38.3
38.5
38.2
36.8
37.0

12.30
12.33
12.22
12.21
12.19
12.12
12.16
12.22
12.40
12.36
12.20
12.39

447.72
451.28
460.69
461.54
464.44
461.77
469.38
468.03
477.40
472.15
448.96
458.43

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.18
9.52

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.81
9.14

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
373.63
385.56

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

1970....
1971 ....
1972....
1973....
1974....
1975....
1976....
1977....
1978....
1979....
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983 .
1984.
1985P

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

(
$125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.11
11.38

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
437.73
449.51

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.6
38.7

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.96
9.27

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
345.86
358.75

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1984:
December.
1985:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
Novemberp
December

41.2

$9.40

$9.00

$387.28

39.5

$11.28

$445.56

38.9

$9.19

$357.49

40.3
39.7
40.4
40.1
40.3
40.6
40.1
40.4
40.8
40.7
40.9
41.6

9.43
9.43
9.45
9.48
9.48
9.50
9.53
9.48
9.55
9.54
9.61
9.71

9.07
9.07
9.09
9.13
9.13
9.13
9.17
9.10
9.14
9.15
9.21
9.28

380.03
374.37
381.78
380.15
382.04
385.70
382.15
382.99
389.64
388.28
393.05
403.94

38.9
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.3
39.7
39.5
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.9

11.26
11.27
11.24
11.27
11.24
11.32
11.35
11.40
11.52
11.46
11.56
11.60

438.01
440.66
441.73
441.78
441.73
449.40
448.33
454.86
457.34
452.67
456.62
462.84

38.4
38.2
38.5
38.4
38.7
38.9
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.7
38.7
39.1

9.16
9.22
9.19
9.24
9.24
9.28
9.27
9.25
9.33
9.25
9.33
9.44

351.74
352.20
353.82
354.82
357.59
360.99
359.68
358.90
362.00
357.98
361.07
369.10

See footnotes at end of table.

116




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
19851

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
30.0
29.7

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.88
5.97

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
176.40
177.31

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.62
7.94

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.13
289.02

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.64
7.95

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
250.59
260.76

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1984:
December...
1985:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
,
September.
October
November*5
December*

30.5

$5.89

$179.65

36.7

$7.78

$285.53

32.9

$7.84

$257.94

29.1
29.1
29.4
29.4
29.8
30.2
30.4
30.3
29.7
29.4
29.3
29.9

5.97
5.99
5.97
5.96
5.97
5.94
5.93
5.91
5.99
5.97
6.00
5.99

173.73
174.31
175.52
175.22
177.91
179.39
180.27
179.07
177.90
175.52
175.80
179.10

36.4
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.3
36.7
36.3
36.3
36.4
36.3
36.2
36.8

7.77
7.87
7.87
7.85
7.83
7.95
7.87
7.90
8.03
8.00
8.09
8.19

282.83
286.47
286.47
285.74
284.23
291.77
285.68
286.77
292.29
290.40
292.86
301.39

32.5
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
33.0
33.1
33.1
32.8
32.8
32.6
32.9

7.84
7.87
7.87
7.89
7.88
7.91
7.86
7.87
8.04
8.04
8.11
8.20

254.80
256.56
256.56
257.21
257.68
261.03
260.17
260.50
263.71
263.71
264.39
269.78

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Not available.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1984 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1984 forward are subject to revision.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

35.5

35.1

34.9

35.4

43.5

44.1

43.2

43.3

44.0

0
01
02

40.9
38.6
41.9

41.2
38.3
42.1

40.7
38.7
42.0

40.8
38.5
41.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

1,12
2

38.9
38.8

41.2
41.2

41.5
41.5

40.1
40.1

3
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 31,2
Oil and gas field services
38

45.0
42.7
45.9

45.3
42.6
46.4

43.7
41.6
44.7

44.5
42.1
45.6

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ....
Crushed and broken stone

45.3
46.6

44.5
46.0

45.0
46.1

44.2
45.2

37.3

37.6

38.2

36.8

Construction

Dec.
1985P

35.1

Metal mining ....
Iron ores
Copper ores ..

14
142

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

37.0

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

36.8
36.1
38.6
37.4

37.0
36.0
39.4
37.7

37.5
37.0
39.3
37.8

36.4
35.6
39.7
37.0

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway ...

16
161
162

41.0
41.6
40.7

41.0
39.4
41.8

42.4
42.9
42.2

40.0
38.9
40.5

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ..
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

36.4
37.5
34.1
38.3
34.5
34.8
33.1

36.8
38.3
35.0
39.4
35.1
35.1
32.2

37.3
38.6
35.0
39.1
35.7
35.7
34.0

36.0
37.4
33.6
38.8
34.2
34.4
31.7

40.7

41.2

40.7

40.9

41.6

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.8
4.1

Manufacturing .
Durable goods .

41.4

42.1

41.3

41.5

42.4

3.7

3.9

3.6

3.7

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

39.2
37.3
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.1
39.3
40.8
39.9
41.1
37.7
37.0
36.8
40.0

39.8
38.1
40.8
41.0
40.5
40.7
40.3
40.3
40.8
42.0
38.3
36.1
35.9
40.6

40.4
41.0
41.1
41.3
40.3
40.2
40.8
38.9
39.5
41.6
38.5
38.9
39.0
40.4

39.6
38.3
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.7
39.0
39.3
41.2
38.4
37.4
37.6
40.1

40.1

2.9
3.3
3.4
3.6
2.6
2.9
2.0
3.3
2.7
3.9
2.0
1.7
1.5
2.9

3.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
2.8
3.2
2.3
3.3
3.2
4.7
2.3
1.4
1.2
3.0

3.3
3.9
3.7
3.9
2.9
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.7
4.6
2.1
2.5
2.3
3.3

3.1
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.6
4.5
2.2
2.0
2.0
3.1

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.1
39.5
40.0
38.8
40.6
37.8
42.6
40.2
40.2
40.7

40.6
40.1
40.1
40.3
41.1
39.2
42.4
41.5
40.1
41.4

40.0
39.3
39.8
38.9
39.9
38.5
40.6
40.7
41.3
41.6

39.9
39.1
39.7
38.7
38.7
38.3
40.9
40.8
41.2
41.6

40.9

2.6
2.3
2.6
2.0
2.6
1.2
4.0
3.1
3.2
2.4

2.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.1
1.7
3.8
3.7
2.7
2.6

2.7
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.7
2.3
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.5

2.6
2.2
2.6
1.8
2.1
1.9
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.5

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .

32
321
322

42.0
44.0
41.0

41.8
44.1
40.9

42.4
45.5
41.2

41.9
47.5
41.4

42.0

4.8
5.6
4.2

4.5
5.5
4.2

5.2
6.9
4.4

4.7
7.7
4.5

See footnotes at end of table.

118



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$8.43

$8.46

$8.65

$8.68

$8.73 $295.89 $300.33 $303.62 $302.93 $309.04

11.63

11.70

11.95

12.00

12.13 505.91

515.97

516.24

519.60

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

10
101
102

13.27
13.13
13.62

13.32
12.86
13.59

13.49
13.35
13.63

13.49
13.06
13.69

542.74
506.82
570.68

548.78
492.54
572.14

549.04
516.65
572.46

550.39
502.81
570.87

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining ...

11,12
12

15.11
15.18

15.20
15.27

15.09
15.13

15.23
15.27

587.78
588.98

626.24
629.12

626.24
627.90

610.72
612.33

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

10.76
12.84
9.98

10.79
13.12
9.94

11.07
13.28
10.19

11.14
13.40
10.24

484.20
548.27
458.08

488.79
558.91
461.22

483.76
552.45
455.49

495.73
564.14
466.94

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

10.00
9.34

10.00
9.27

10.27
9.86

10.30
9.81

453.00
435.24

445.00
426.42

462.15
454.55

455.26
443.41

12.10

12.26

12.36

12.20

12.39 451.33

460.98

472.15

448.96

14
142

Construction

Dec.
1985 P

533.72

458.43

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

10.94
10.23
9.17
11.75

11.02
10.38
9.44
11.75

11.31
10.74
9.22
12.01

11.15
10.47
9.22
11.94

402.59
369.30
353.96
439.45

407.74
373.68
371.94
442.98

424.13
397.38
362.35
453.98

405.86
372.73
366.03
441.78

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

11.70
10.66
12.24

11.87
10.38
12.50

12.10
11.61
12.39

11.67
10.96
12.02

479.70
443.46
498.17

486.67
408.97
522.50

513.04
498.07
522.86

466.80
426.34
486.81

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

12.77
12.90
11.65
14.34
12.77
11.87
11.16

12.95
13.03
11.84
14.37
12.89
11.96
11.24

12.91
13.16
12.00
14.34
13.00
12.12
11.46

12.85
12.98
11.93
14.26
12.87
11.99
11.23

464.83
483.75
397.27
549.22
440.57
413.08
369.40

476.56
499.05
414.40
566.18
452.44
419.80
361.93

481.54
507.98
420.00
560.69
464.10
432.68
389.64

462.60
485.45
400.85
553.29
440.15
412.46
355.99

9.31

9.40

9.54

9.61

9.71 378.92

387.28

388.28

393.05

403.94

9.85

9.96

10.14

10.21

10.31 407.79

419.32

418.78

423.72

437.14

Manufacturing .
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members ...
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.06
10.79
8.4;
8.91
5.91
7.87
8.05
7.11
6.33
9.81
5.68
7.11
7.15
6.84

8.09
10.68
8.47
8.95
5.99
7.89
8.05
7.10
6.34
9.90
5.79
7.16
7.13
6.94

8.29
11.10
8.55
8.97
6.29
8.10
8.31
7.23
6.78
9.79
5.84
7.39
7.44
7.0!

8.27
11.05
8.57
9.00
6.37
8.14
8.38
7.3;
6.68
9.80
5.83
7.37
7.44
7.10

8.24 315.95
402.47
335.12
355.51
235.81
315.59
316.37
290.09
252.57
403.19
214.14
263.07
263.12
273.60

321.98
406.91
345.58
366.95
242.60
321.12
324.42
286.13
258.67
415.80
221.76
258.48
255.97
281.76

334.92
455.10
351.41
370.46
253.49
325.62
339.05
281.25
267.81
407.26
224.84
287.47
290.16
284.82

327.49
423.22
345.37
364.50
254.80
326.41
341.07
285.48
262.52
403.76
223.87
275.64
279.74
284.71

330.42

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

6.9!
6.38
5.86
6.92
6.60
7.03
7.79
7.44
8.34
7.39

6.99
6.4
5.90
6.99
6.60
7.03
7.85
7.54
8.39
7.4

7.31
6.66
6.17
7.23
7.0;
7.01
8.20
7.74
8.90
7.80

7.34
6.69
6.20
7.23
7.06
7.0;
8.16
7.8;
9.05

7.41 278.70
252.01
234.40
268.50
267.96
265.73
331.85
299.09
335.27
300.77

283.79
257.44
236.59
281.70
271.26
275.58
332.84
312.91
336.44
309.26

292.40
261.74
245.57
281.25
280.10
269.89
332.92
315.02
367.57
324.48

292.87
261.58
246.14
279.80
273.22
268.87
333.74
319.06
372.86
324.90

303.07

Stone, clay, and glass products .
Flat glass .
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

9.6:
13.30
10.61

9.68
13.48
10.61

9.86
14.0:
10.74

9.93 406.14
585.20
435.01

404.62
594.47
433.95

418.06
637.91
442.49

414.81
673.08
447.12

417.06

*7'81
9.90
14.1
10.80

See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Industry

SIC
uooe

Nov.

Dec.

1984

1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.

Dec.

Nov.

Dec.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1985P

1985P

1984

1984

1985

1985P

1985P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

40.8
41.3
41.3
40.9
41.8
39.5
43.2
44.0
43.2
42.5
42.3
42.1
43.2

41.1
40.7
41.6
40.5
41.9
39.8
42.0
43.9
43.6
39.7
42.8
43.0
42.7

41.6
40.6
41.6
41.0
41.1
40.0
44.4
45.8
44.4
43.3
41.2
38.9
42.3

41.9
40.7
42.0
41.1
41.2
40.6
42.5
43.9
43.4
40.3
41.6
39.3
42.3

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

41.4
40.4
40.0
41.7
40.7
40.7
~40.1
39.3
42.6
42.7
43.0
42.1
42.9
43.0
42.1
42.6

41.6
39.9
39.1
43.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
40.0
43.2
42.9
43.2
43.0
42.9
43.2
43.3
43.4

41.4
40.9
40.7
42.5
41.1
41.1
38.5
41.0
41.7
42.4
42.2
42.0
41.9
41.8
41.8
42.3

41.8
41.5
41.2
43.7
41.3
41.5
38.9
40.2
41.2
40.6
42.8
41.4
43.5
42.5
41.9
42.5

42.9
42.7

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

41.3
42.5
42.5
40.5
40.3
40.5
39.3
38.7
40.3
41.2
41.4
40.7
42.6
40.1
40.4
42.6
42.2
43.1
42.3
41.7
44.1
40.6
41.0
40.6
42.0
41.0
40.0
40.7
41.1
40.2

42.3
42.8
42.7
41.0
40.6
41.1
40.4
39.7
40.6
41.8
42.2
41.0
43.0
40.6
41.6
43.4
43.0
43.7
44.4
43.1
47.7
41.5
41.7
41.4
42.4
41.6
40.5
41.5
42.1
40.7

41.5
42.7
43.0
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.7
40.7
40.5
41.3
43.4
41.1
41.1
40.0
39.4
42.2
41.4
42.9
43.1
41.5
45.2
41.2
41.2
41.0
41.7
41.3
40.9
40.4
39.9
40.7

41.6
42.9
43.3
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.4
40.8
39.9
41.3
41.7
41.2
42.5
39.8
40.1
42.4
41.5
43.4
43.2
41.9
44.7
41.8
40.6
40.0
41.9
41.7
41.2
40.6
40.7
40.4

42.7

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery

35

42.0
42.2
42.6
42.0
39.6
39.3

42.8
42.7
43.1
42.5
39.9
39.4

41.4
41.4
41.8
41.3
40.5
40.8

41.8
42.6
42.0
42.9
40.4
40.5

42.9

Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

120



351?
3511
3519
352
3523

-

_

-

4.9
3.4
3.6
2.9
4.0
3.1
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.6
4.2
3.3
3.8

4.9
3.3
3.9
3.0
3.7
3.0
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.0
4.2
3.8
4.1

5.4
3.1
3.0
3.3
4.1
3.1
7.4

7.4
3.8
1.8
4.0

5.2
3.6
3.3
3.2
4.0
3.1
6.2
6.8
6.0
5.5
3.7
1.7
3.4

3.6
2.4
2.2
2.8
3.6
3.9
3.0
2.1
3.7
3.5
5.4
4.4
6.3
5.8
3.9
4.3

3.8
2.5
2.3
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.0
2.8
4.1
3.7
5.4
4.9
5.5
5.8
4.6
4.8

3.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.7
4.2
1.9
2.8
3.4
3.4
4.9
4.0
5.4
4.9
3.6
4.1

4.0
3.5
3.5
3.9
4.0
4.6
1.9
2.7
3.6
3.3
5.0
3.5
5.8
5.1
3.8
4.2

3.6
4.9
5.0
2.8
2.4
3.0
2.1
1.8
2.5
3.4
3.7
2.7
3.8
3.1
2.6
4.8
4.4
5.2
4.6
4.1
6.0
3.3
3.7
3.2
4.8
2.9
2.2
2.8
3.0
2.7

3.9
4.7
4.8
3.2
2.4
3.6
2.3
2.1
2.5
3.5
3.7
2.6
4.4
3.1
2.8
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.4
4.6
7.3
3.6
3.9
3.6
4.6
2.7
1.9
3.0
3.6
2.5

3.6
5.2
5.4
3.2
2.5

3.6
5.3
5.7
3.2
2.4

3.5
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.5
4.3
3.3
3.2
2.8
3.6
4.2
3.5
4.9
4.5

3.6
2.3
2.5
2.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.5
4.1
4.4
3.6

2.4
2.8

2.7
2.9
2.6

3.8
4.2
5.7
3.7
2.1
1.9

4.2
4.8
6.3
4.3
2.5
2.3

3.3
3.6
5.6
2.8
2.2
2.5

3.6
4.2
5.8
3.6
2.3
2.3

7.7
6.8

3.3
6.2
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.6
2.6
2.6
2.7

5.3
4.6
3.8
5.9
3.4
3.4
2.9
4.4
2.7
2.8

-

-

_

_

_

_

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327

3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Average hourly earnings

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

$452.06
415.48
336.60
561.15
326.46
327.46
409.10
349.80
361.58
443.28
410.73
386.06
417.74

$452.92
411.88
343.20
542.70
328.92
335.51
395.64
350.32
369.29
410.90
418.16
396.89
422.73

$463.01
415.34
356.93
534.64
332.91
351.20
428.46
377.85
377.40
461.58
410.35
360.99
425.12

$466.35
422.06
359.52
558.55
336.60
356.47
407.58
363.93
369.77
424.36
416.83
367.85
423.00

11.77 $11.75 475.69
13.45 13.45 524.80
542.40
14.09
443.27
10.71
420.43
10.65
436.71
11.16
440.30
11.12
376.89
9.71
585.32
13.95
610.61
14.56
476.87
11.18
417.63
9.94
606.61
13.85
458.81
10.85
386.90
9.34
402.14
9.56

477.98
516.71
528.63
466.52
430.14
447.02
464.54
386.80
589.25
608.75
478.66
432.15
589.45
466.13
406.59
419.24

480.65
545.61
570.61
449.23
431.96
451.28
429.66
395.24
568.79
599.96
463.36
416.64
565.65
451.86
387.49
399.31

491.99 $504.08
558.18 574.32
580.51
468.03
439.85
463.14
432.57
390.34
574.74
591.14
478.50
411.52
602.48
461.13
391.35
406.30

405.23 401.72
543.13 556.38
573.89 592.54
389.91 398.93
350.38 365.72
410.18 416.16
348.25 354.90
324.75 345.54
352.00 344.66
377.45 370.46
394.99 407.53
301.76 302.91
433.44 412.64
377.17 374.40
374.82 330.57
388.86 387.82
359.48 357.28
419.08 416.99
501.28 498.24
525.82 506.30
632.03 615.62
354.41 361.74
318.59 320.95
312.98 313.65
331.99 336.94
418.50 425.39
390.83 409.41
369.35 361.18
402.06 381.44
327.64 328.45

404.35
567.57
604.47
403.09
366.68
423.33
353.50
351.29
340.75
372.11
386.56
306.12
433.93
371.33
338.04
391.78
359.81
424.45
501.98
516.63
612.39
369.09
316.27
306.40
337.30
431.18
415.30
363.78
392.76
326.84

421.45

10.60 422.94 434.85 430.97
552.40 565.78 535.72
541.87 551.25 543.40
555.24 569.93 533.60
382.93 388.63 413.91
404.00 412.52 450.84

438.06
558.49
548.10
563.28
409.25
448.74

454.74

Nov.
1985P

$11.08 $11.02 $11.13 $11.13
10.06 10.12 10.23 10.37
8.15
8.25
8.58
8.56
13.72 13.40 13.04 13.59
8.10
7.85
8.17
7.81
8.78
8.78
8.29
8.43
9.65
9.47
9.42
9.59
8.25
8.29
7.95
7.98
8.50
8.37
8.47
8.52
10.43 10.35 10.66 10.53
9.96 10.02
9.71
9.77
9.28
9.17
9.23
9.36
9.67
9.90 10.05 10.00

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

11.49
12.99
13.56
10.63
10.33
10.73
10.98
9.59
13.74
14.30
11.09
9.92
14.14
10.67
9.19
9.44

11.49
12.95
13.52
10.70
10.34
10.72
11.14
9.67
13.64
14.19
11.08
10.05
13.74
10.79
9.39
9.66

11.61
13.34
14.02
10.57
10.51
10.98
11.16
9.64
13.64
14.15
10.98

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5

9.44
12.53
13.24
9.34
8.63
9.70
8.47
8.14
8.45
8.93
9.29
7.29
9.99
9.15
8.99
8.94
8.29
9.59
11.05
12.14
12.91
8.50
7.56
7.46
7.78
10.03
9.67
8.81
9.45
7.98

9.58
12.69
13.44
9.51

9.68
13.03
13.78
9.73

9.72
13.23
13.96

8.63
9.98
8.62

8.92

8.90
10.25

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511

10.07
13.09
12.72
13.2!
9.6
10.28

3429
343
3432
3433
344

3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494

3496

3519
352
3523

8.18
8.67
9.03
9.36
7.36
10.08
9.29

9.01
8.96
8.36
9.59
11.29
12.20
13.25
8.54
7.64
7.56
7.83

9.92
13.50
10.81

9.27
9.44

10.20
8.72
8.49

8.51
8.97
9.39
7.37

10.04
9.36
8.39
9.19
8.63

9.7;
11.56
12.20
13.6;
8.78
7.79
7.65
8.08

10.30

9.76

8.75

8.61
8.54
9.01
9.27
7.43
10.21

9.33
8.43

9.24
8.67
9.78
11.62
12.33
13.70
8.83
7.79
7.66
8.05

8.90
9.5!
8.0!

10.01
8.94
9.56
8.07

10.34
10.08
8.96
9.65
8.09

10.16
13.25
12.79
13.41
9.74
10.47

10.41
12.94
13.00
12.9;
10.2;
11.05

10.48
13.11
13.05
13.13
10.13
11.08

10.06
9.65

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

9.87 389.87

532.53
562.70
378.27
347.79
392.85
332.87
315.02
340.54
367.92
384.61
296.70
425.57
366.92
363.20
380.84
349.84
413.33
467.42
506.24
569.33
345.10
309.96
302.88
326.76
411.23
386.80
358.57
388.40
320.80

Nov.
1985 P

Dec.
1985 P

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.

122




1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

42.1
41.4
41.1
43.2
41.7
42.1
42.9
42.8
42.8
43.6
41.8
42.5
42.2
42.5
41.3
42.5
41.8
40.9
43.2
42.0
41.3
41.0
40.8
42.6
42.6
41.3
41.3
41.8
41.0
41.9

42.6
41.6
42.9
43.4
42.7
43.0
44.0
43.6
43.9
44.5
43.8
43.4
43.1
42.7
42.4
43.2
42.5
42.0
43.8
42.7
42.4
42.0
40.8
43.5
43.7
42.5
42.6
42.4
42.1
42.5

41.7
42.3
41.0
42.2
41.4
39.8
42.3
42.6
42.2
43.1
41.3
40.6
41.4
41.8
40.7
40.7
40.9
40.2
42.7
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.4
41.9
42.0
40.3
40.4
40.9
41.6
40.8

42.1
42.3
41.5
42.6
42.6
40.5
42.5
42.2
42.9
43.5
41.1
40.4
42.4
43.0
41.9
41.4
41.4
40.4
43.3
42.1
40.7
40.9
41.1
42.8
42.9
40.9
41.2
40.8
40.0
40.9

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

41.2
41.9
42.7
41.2
40.8
41.0
40.3
39.7
38.3
38.6
40.8
40.6
42.1
40.3
41.7
38.8
39.8
40.1
42.0
42.8
41.6
41.2
42.9
41.5
41.1
41.7
43.2
41.4

41.8
41.8
43.1
40.6
41.9
42.4
41.2
40.7
40.5
43.6
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.1
42.4
38.4
40.7
40.8
43.3
44.1
42.9
41.6
42.8
41.8
41.9
42.2
42.7
42.0

40.6
41.1
41.7
40.5
40.4
40.7
39.7
40.5
39.5
40.0
41.3
40.3
40.2
39.9
41.3
39.6
40.6
39.6
41.2
40.0
41.6
40.1
40.8
40.1
40.4
41.7
44.6
41.5

41.3
42.1
42.7
41.4
40.9
41.1
40.4
40.7
38.5
40.9
41.6
40.6
42.1
39.6
42.0
38.9
40.5
40.2
42.3
41.9
42.4
41.0
42.1
41.0
41.2
41.9
44.6
41.9

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1985P

42.0

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

3.1
2.5
2.7
3.4
3.9
3.4
5.2
4.6
4.6
6.1
4.2
5.1
4.0
3.6
2.8
3.9
3.6
3.0
4.3
3.9
3.0
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.1

3.8
3.0
3.5
4.4
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
6.4
5.1
4.8
4.5
3.7
3.1
4.3
3.8
3.1
4.4
4.1
3.0
4.6
3.1
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.7
4.3

2.9
2.5
2.7
3.6
3.6
2.7
4.4
4.1
4.5
5.4
3.3
2.6
3.7
3.2
2.7
3.8
2.9
2.2
4.0
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.7
3.0
3.8
4.3
3.7

3.3
2.9
2.7
4.1
4.0
3.2
4.8
4.3
4.8
5.8
3.7
2.2
4.1
3.7
3.1
4.1
3.3
2.7
4.3
3.2
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.6
3.0
3.7

3.2
3.6
4.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.3
1.1
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.5
3.1
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.8
3.0
3.3
2.8
4.1
3.3
3.5
4.0
3.7

3.4
3.3
4.2
2.6
3.6
4.1
3.2
2.9
2.8
4.1
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.3
2.0
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.8
3.5
3.4
2.3
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.4
4.1

2.7
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.0
2.8
2.6
1.3
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.1
3.1
2.5
2.6
1.7
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.6
3.5
4.8
3.6

3.1
3.6
3.8
3.4
2.6
2.9
2.2
3.0
2.7
1.7
3.3
2.8
2.8
2.1
2.7
2.1
3.5
3.0
3.1
2.4
3.4
2.9
2.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
4.8
4.2

Dec.
1985P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

$10.69 $10.82 $11.02 $11.06
11.58 11.83 12.06 12.09
11.22 11.53 11.51 11.44
10.73 10.76 11.23 11.33
9.92
9.86
9.90
9.75
9.38
9.29
9.29
9.31
10.28 10.40 10.67 10.81
10.41 10.41 10.77 10.84
10.63 10.78 10.96 11.14
10.92 11.12 11.41 11.58
9.69
9.58
9.39
9.30
8.30
8.32
8.25
8.21
9.92 10.01 10.30 10.45
10.33 10.34 10.53 10.68
8.15
7.81
8.06
7.82
10.07 10.16 10.81 11.06
9.97 10.14 10.22
9.92
10.43 10.50 10.70 10.81
10.05 10.06 10.41 10.42
10.39 10.35 10.23 10.14
9.06
8.85
8.99
8.89
10.44 10.59 10.58 10.65
10.11 10.09 10.07 10.20
9.60
9.07
9.55
9.06
9.60
8.99
9.00
9.52
9.93 10.01 10.25 10.27
10.29 10.34 10.66 10.66
9.85 10.05 10.02
9.71
11.55 12.35 12.69 12.34
9.69
9.47
9.43
9.65

$450.05
479.41
461.14
463.54
406.58
391.11
441.01
445.55
454.96
476.11
388.74
350.63
418.62
439.03
322.55
427.98
414.66
426.59
434.16
436.38
365.51
428.04
412.49
386.38
383.40
410.11
424.98
405.88
473.55
395.12

$460.93
492.13
494.64
466.98
422.73
399.47
457.60
453.88
473.24
494.84
411.28
361.09
431.43
441.52
331.57
438.91
423.73
441.00
440.63
441.95
376.94
444.78
411.67
394.11
392.86
425.43
440.48
417.64
519.94
402.48

$459.53
510.14
471.91
473.91
408.20
370.54
451.34
458.80
462.51
491.77
395.65
333.33
426.42
440.15
328.04
439.97
414.73
430.14
444.51
417.38
365.89
428.49
406.83
400.15
399.84
413.08
430.66
411.05
527.90
393.72

9.61
8.96
8.84
9.07
9.65
9.68
9.24
9.28
10.61
10.89
7.07

$9.67 379.04
372.49
382.59
363.80
379.03
378.84
367.54
354.52
398.32
411.86
279.89
347.54
413.42
317.97
375.72
255.69
357.40
372.13
463.68
466.95
461.76
328.78
432.86
388.03
300.44
424.09
461.38
448.78

9.20
8.89
8.96
8.83
9.29
9.24
9.12
8.93
10.40
10.67
6.86
8.56
9.82
7.89
9.01
6.59
8.98
9.28
11.04
10.91
11.10
7.98
10.09
9.35
7.31
10.17
10.68
10.84

9.32
8.91
8.98
8.83

9.56
8.93
8.83
9.03

9.45

9.52

9.42
9.24
9.05
10.48
11.03
6.85
8.53
9.71
7.94
8.99
6.57
9.31

9.51
9.14
9.21
10.46
10.87
7.15
8.70
9.93
8.1
9.09
6.54

9.54
11.1
11.04

11.16
8.10
10.21
9.49
7.4

10.30
10.56
11.04

9.35
9.8;
11.37
10.87

11.56
8.4;
10.76
9.69
7.81
10.45
11.0;
11.0

8.72

9.91
8.11
9.20
6.43
9.51
9.93
11.35
10.83
11.53
8.47

10.67
9.73
7.89
10.54
11.04
11.2;

Nov.
1985P

Dec

1985

$465.63
511.41
474.76
482.66
422.59
379.89
459.43
457.45
477.91
503.73
398.26
335.32
443.08
459.24
341.49
457.88
423.11
436.72
451.19
426.89
368.74
435.59
419.22
410.88
411.84
420.04
439.19
408.82
493.60
396.32

389.58 388.14 396.89 $406
_
372.44 367.02 377.22
387.04 368.21 377.47
358.50 365.72 375.50
395.96 384.61 394.69
399.41 387.06 397.85
380.69 362.86 373.30
368.34 373.01 377.70
424.44 413.17 408.49
480.91 434.80 445.40
277.43 295.30 294.11
_
342.91 350.61 354.03
394.23 399.19 417.21
318.39 323.99 321.16
_
381.18 375.42 386.40
252.29 258.98 250.13
_
378.92 379.61 385.16
389.23 388.87 399.19
481.50 468.44 480.11
486.86 434.80 453.78
478.76 480.90 488.87
336.96 337.64 347.27
436.99 439.01 449.21
_
396.68 388.57 398.93
310.90 315.52 325.07
434.66 435.77 441.63
450.91 491.49 492.38
463.68 459.41 470.12

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

6.9
6.4
3.3
3.6
2.5
2.7
3.4
3.3
3.2
1.0

5.0
5.5
3.5
3.7
2.8
2.3
4.6
4.8
2.1
1.5

6.3
5.7
3.7

42.9

2.8
3.2
2.5
2.3
3.9
2.2
3.5
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.2
3.4
3.7

2.9
3.5
2.6
1.8
3.6
2.7
3.8
2.6
2.1
3.0
2.4
3.6
3.2

2.5
2.9
2.0
1.9
2.2
1.7
2.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.9
3.2
1.5

2.8
3.3
2.2
1.9
2.6
2.0
2.2
3.6
3.2
4.1
1.8
3.4
1.3

40.1
41.1
40.3
40.1
39.3
38.8
39.8
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.2
40.5

40.5

2.5
3.3
3.5
1.2
2.6
1.7
3.4
2.8
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.6

2.3
2.9
3.1
1.9
2.1
1.3
2.7
3.1
1.7
1.0
2.3
2.8

2.8
4.3
4.4
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.1

2.8
4.7
4.7
2.1
2.1
1.7
2.5
1.8
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.8

40.0
40.2
40.1
41.9
40.9
37.9
41.6
40.0
43.0
38.8
40.5
38.3
36.9
44.0
46.9
43.0
38.9
38.6
39.8

40.6
40.7

3.2
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.2
3.2
4.2
4.1
4.6
3.5
6.5
3.3
3.6
6.2
6.9
5.2
3.5
3.7
2.7

3.1
3.8
3.8
4.3
4.3
3.1
3.9
3.5
4.4
3.3
6.1
3.0
3.1
5.8
6.3
5.8
3.2
3.2
3.1

3.3
4.1
3.8
4.2
4.4
3.1
4.2
3.4
4.9
4.3
5.6
4.4
4.4
6.0
6.2
6.1
3.4
3.5
3.0

3.3
4.0
4.1
4.6
4.4
3.5
4.5
4.0
5.3
3.1
5.0
3.0
2.2
5.6
6.2
5.4
3.2
3.5
2.6

43.1
44.7
40.0
40.1
39.5
41.8
42.1
42.4
41.0
37.7

43.9
45.0
41.1
41.0
41.4
39.9
43.1
43.8
42.1
38.2

42.1
43.8
40.6
40.5
40.7
39.9
42.4
42.5
38.6
37.6

43.2
44.4
41.0

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments ....
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies ....
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

387

41.7
41.8
41.8
41.4
43.4
41.7
43.2
40.7
39.9
41.5
40.8
43.0
42.5

42.4
42.9
43.0
40.0
45.9
43.4
43.5
40.8
40.1
41.5
42.2
43.1
42.4

40.7
41.6
40.0
39.7
40.5
39.3
40.1
40.9
41.3
40.6
39.7
42.5
39.3

41.3
42.2
40.9
39.9
41.7
40.5
40.8
41.6
41.5
41.9
39.6
42.7
38.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.8
40.3
40.1
39.3
39.7
39.0
40.5
41.4
37.4
36.1
40.1
40.6

39.9
39.9
39.4
40.6
39.9
39.2
40.5
41.5
38.0
37.1
40.0
41.0

40.3
40.8
40.3
40.5
39.6
40.0
39.2
40.8
40.6
40.3
40.5
41.0

39.6
40.0
39.8
41.8
40.3
37.4
41.2
40.0
42.0
37.7
41.6
36.8
36.6
44.6
46.3
42.9
39.3
38.5
41.5

40.0
40.5
40.2
41.7
40.5
38.6
41.0
39.9
41.9
38.9
41.2
38.5
38.7
44.5
46.1
43.5
39.5
38.3
42.7

39.9
40.4
40.2
41.1
42.3
38.6
41.0
39.5
41.9
39.9
41.4
38.6
40.2
44.1
47.3
43.6
39.4
38.8
41.0

See footnotes at end of table.

124




2051
2052

Nov.
1985 P

6.5
6.7
2.7
2.8
2.4
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
1.5

43.0
43.6
44.1
42.3
43.4
40.9
43.1

2041
2048
205

Oct.
1985

5.0
5.4
5.9
4.1
5.3
2.7
5.4

42.7
43.6
44.2
41.1
43.6
39.7
42.4

2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

Dec.
1984

4.8
5.3
5.8
3.5
5.2
2.3
4.9

43.9
45.0
46.1
41.7
44.5
42.3
43.7

20
201
2011
2013

Nov.
1984

5.4
6.3
7.4
4.3
5.7
3.2
5.5

42.7
43.4
44.0
41.8
43.2
39.7
43.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats ,
Poultry dressing plants
,
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

Dec.
1985P

5.2
5.9
7.1
3.8
5.4
2.3
5.4

37
171
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

3841
3842
385
386

Average overtime hours

44.0
45.2

39.6
41.7
43.0
43.4
38.3
37.5

Dec.
1985 P

2.5
3.0
5.0
5.3
1.9
1.5

3.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

$12.45 $12.62 $12.77 $12.82 $13.01 $531.62
13.02 13.27 13.46 13.54 13.80 565.07
14.53 14.71 14.74 14.83
639.32
10.12 10.39 10.71 10.81
423.02
12.34 12.58 12.87 12.96
533.09
9.49
9.38
8.99
8.99
356.90
12.56 12.59 12.62 12.71
541.34

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

$554.02
597.15
678.13
433.26
559.81
380.28
550.18

$545.28
586.86
651.51
440.18
561.13
372.39
535.09

$551.26 $572.44
590.34 623.76
654.00
457.26
562.46
388.14
547.80

565.87
523.80
426.21
457.56
334.10
501.54
513.75
531.29
431.95
338.07

539.72
506.33
434.01
466.16
341.07
497.95
515.16
527.85
372.88
319.98

566.78
514.15
439.93

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

12.79
11.73
10.26
10.98
8.10
12.79
11.97
12.15
9.97
8.75

12.89
11.64
10.37
11.16
8.07
12.57
11.92
12.13
10.26
8.85

12.82
11.56
10.69
11.51
8.38
12.48
12.15
12.42
9.66
8.51

13.12
11.58
10.73
8.26
12.68
12.16
12.36
9.98
8.45

551.25
524.33
410.40
440.30
319.95
534.62
503.94
515.16
408.77
329.88

8.95
9.72
8.80
8.32
8.91
9.14
10.02
7.80
7.97
7.67
6.74
11.71
6.70

9.03
9.73
8.90
8.34
8.86
9.29
10.17
7.86
7.98
111
6.94
11.81
6.78

9.27
10.01
9.03
8.70
9.19
9.22
10.05
8.26
8.39
8.21
6.99
12.30
6.83

9.30
10.05
9.04
8.73
9.20
9.23
10.02
8.32
8.39
8.32
7.03
12.32
6.91

9.35 373.22
406.30
367.84
344.45
386.69
381.14
432.86
317.46
318.00
318.31
274.99
503.53
284.75

382.87
417.42
382.70
333.60
406.67
403.19
442.40
320.69
320.00
322.46
292.87
509.01
287.47

377.29
416.42
361.20
345.39
372.20
362.35
403.01
337.83
346.51
333.33
277.50
522.75
268.42

384.09
424.11
369.74
348.33
383.64
373.82
408.82
346.11
348.19
348.61
278.39
526.06
262.58

401.12

327.10
528.76
522.88
536.42
382.23
316.88

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments .
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

7.06
7.74
7.83
6.93
6.43
6.18
6.66
7.52
5.62
5.20
7.73
8.25

7.16
7.73
7.82
6.98
6.55
6.29
6.76
7.61
5.77
5.26
7.79
8.27

7.30
7.87
7.95
7.01
6.65
6.33
6.96
7.69
5.86
5.45
8.05
8.60

7.33
7.94
8.02
6.95
6.69
6.41
6.95
7.69
5.97
5.49
8.03
8.43

7.44 280.99
311.92
313.98
272.35
255.27
241.02
269.73
311.33
210.19
187.72
309.97
334.95

285.68
308.43
308.11
283.39
261.35
246.57
273.78
315.82
219.26
195.15
311.60
339.07

294.19
321.10
320.39
283.91
263.34
253.20
272.83
313.75
237.92
219.64
326.03
352.60

293.93
326.33
323.21
278.70
262.92
248.71
276.61
312.98
239.99
217.95
322.81
341.42

301.32

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

8.5i
8.43
7.17
7.95
8.71
5.64
8.97
8.54
9.18
7.71
9.25
7.69
7.21
10.39
10.24
7.89
9.57
9.61
9.47

8.55
8.45
7.16
8.00
8.75
5.64
8.94
8.44
9.16
7.90
9.51
7.94
7.43
10.33
10.25
7.99
9.56
9.61
9.44

8.69
8.49
7.27
8.20
8.66
5.8;
9.37
8.75
9.68
7.58
9.44
7.3;
7.04
10.4:
10.01
7.9;
9.64
9.64
9.64

8.75
8.59
7.29
8.15
8.71
5.86
9.43
8.80
9.76
7.75
9.47
7.55
7.16
10.54
10.39
8.00
9.7;
9.66
9.88

8.84 337.39
8.69 337.20
285.37
332.31
351.01
210.94
369.56
341.60
385.56
290.67
384.80
282.99
263.89
463.39
474.11
338.48
376.10
369.99
393.01

342.00
342.23
287.83
333.60
354.38
217.70
366.54
336.76
383.80
307.31
391.81
305.69
287.54
459.69
472.53
347.57
377.62
368.06
403.09

346.73
343.00
292.25
337.02
366.32
224.65
384.17
345.63
405.59
302.44
390.82
282.55
283.01
460.85
473.47
345.31
379.82
374.03
395.24

350.00
345.32
292.33
341.49
356.24
222.09
392.29
352.00
419.68
300.70
383.54
289.17
264.20
463.76
487.29
344.00
378.11
372.88
393.22

358.90
353.68

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats ,
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

206
2061-3
2065
207
208

Average weekly hours

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

3.2
4.3

1.9
2.0

1.8
1.8

1.1
1.2

41.3
41.5
41.3
40.9
40.5
39.4
39.4
38.1
38.6
39.1
41.5
43.1
44.1
41.6
42.8
42.1
42.8
38.8
43.9

41.8

2.9
3.2
3.1
4.1
2.0
2.2
2.9
1.7
2.1
.9
2.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
3.9
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.6

2.9
3.0
2.9
3.6
2.1
2.2
3.6
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.1
4.3
4.3
5.3
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.9

3.8
4.6
3.4
3.8
3.1
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.8
1.9
4.3
4.9
6.0
4.2
4.9
4.0
4.4
3.1
4.2

4.1
4.7
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.1
2.8
2.4
4.5
5.7
6.7
4.7
4.4
4.5
4.9
3.2
4.9

36.8
35.8
37.1
36.6
36.8
37.4
34.8
35.6
33.5
34.4
35.5
37.6
38.2
34.7
37.1
36.5
37.7
39.8
38.6
40.1
41.9

36.9
36.1
37.6
37.3
37.2
37.4
35.2
34.7
34.1
34.8
36.3
37.4
37.7
35.6
37.6
37.0
37.2
39.4
38.6
39.5
41.0

37.4

1.4
.9
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
.6
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.2
.9
1.6
2.5
1.9
2.7
4.0

1.3
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
.9
1.1
1.0
.7

.9
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
.7
1.3
2.7
1.7
2.2
5.5

1.5
.9
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
.9
1.2
1.3
1.9
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.3
2.9
1.3
3.6
4.9

1.5
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
.9
.9
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.6
1.6
2.8
4.5

43.3
45.1
45.5
44.5
42.0
42.7
42.2
43.0
42.6
42.7
43.4
41.7

43.4
45.1
45.3
44.6
42.5
43.6
42.7
43.1
42.4
42.5
42.9
43.1

44.4

5.0
6.6
6.8
8.0
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.9
4.3
5.0
4.7
3.7

5.0
6.6
6.7
7.2
3.6
3.4
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.4
4.9

4.8
6.3
6.5
6.9
3.4
2.9
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.3

4.8
6.4
6.6
6.8
3.5
3.3
3.4
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.1

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

40.3
42.4

38.8
38.2

39.2
37.3

36.3
36.3

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281

39.3
39.8
39.9
41.8
38.9
37.5
38.0
36.3
37.4
35.7
39.1
40.5
40.9
40.7
41.3
38.3
38.1
37.6
42.3

39.4
39.4
40.0
41.8
39.7
37.5
39.2
37.1
36.7
36.1
37.2
41.1
41.4
41.8
40.9
38.5
38.3
36.6
42.8

40.9
41.0
40.9
41.3
40.7
38.9
37.9
38.3
38.6
37.7
40.6
42.2
43.3
41.1
43.1
41.5
42.2
38.7
43.1

36.4
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.6
36.7
34.8
34.1
33.3
34.3
36.2
35.7
35.4
37.1
37.0
35.6
37.4
39.5
38.5
38.7
42.6
43.8
45.7
45.9
44.2
42.7
43.8
42.9
43.2
42.8
44.1
43.0
44.2

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

36.2
36.1
36.4
36.5
36.1
37.0
34.2
34.6
32.5
33.3
35.7
36.2
36.1
36.4
36.5
35.8
37.6
39.3
38.2
39.2
40.9

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

43.3
45.1
45.2
44.7
41.9
42.8
41.9
42.9
42.5
43.6
42.8
42.3

See footnotes at end of table.

126




2339
234

Nov.
1985P

37.1

2086
209

229

Oct.
1985

4.8
8.6
3.5
5.5
3.6
6.2
2.7
3.5

42.4
47.0
40.6
44.2
40.2
41.8
39.3
37.5

2282

Dec.
1984

4.7
7.2
3.9
5.8
3.4
5.1
2.7
3.7

41.7
43.5
41.0
43.8
40.0
41.1
38.9
38.0

Circular knit fabric mills

Nov.
1984

3.6
6.6
2.5
6.1
3.2
4.9
2.7
3.6

41.7
45.5
39.9
44.9
40.7
43.1
39.2
39.1

Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

Dec.
1985P

4.0
7.1
3.2
6.4
3.4
5.7
2.6
3.7

41.9
45.7
40.1
44.9
40.0
42.7
38.8
38.2

2082

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1985P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

$344.42
419.53
289.12
391.53
439.60
658.43
319.32
296.05

$344.44
424.97
284.09
390.63
449.33
664.17
327.32
301.07

$354.87
412.38
307.50
378.87
452.80
652.26
339.21
293.74

$363.37
456.84
302.88
383.66
463.10
675.91
345.45
289.88
438.14 $455.59
543.41

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

$8.51

$8.57

9.48
7.50
8.65

9.72
7.46

209

15.42
8.23
7.75

$8.26
9.34
7.12
8.70
11.04
15.41
8.35
7.70

15.87
8.72
7.73

8.68
11.52
16.17
8.79
7.73

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

11.93
14.33

11.17
13.93

11.45
15.18

12.07 $12.28 480.78
14.97
607.59

433.40
532.13

448.84
566.21

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool ....
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ....
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

6.55
6.77
7.02
6.94
6.31
6.01
6.10
5.65
5.89
5.52
6.57
6.92
6.98
7.40
6.69
6.08
6.05
6.02
7.33

6.57
6.78
7.01
6.88
6.20
6.05
5.98
5.65
5.96
5.66
6.74
6.99
7.06
7.48
6.72
6.10
6.08
6.03
7.44

6.76
7.10
7.18
7.13
6.51
6.17
6.11
5.89
6.04
5.80
6.76
7.13
7.16
7.59
7.02
6.37
6.37
6.27
7.58

6.80
7.11
7.24
7.27
6.47
6.22
6.22
5.93
6.05
5.82
6.82
7.19
7.21
7.65
7.05
6.41
6.39
6.37
7.61

6.85 257.42

269.45
280.10
290.09
245.46
225.38
231.80
205.10
220.29
197.06
256.89
280.26
285.48
301.18
276.30
232.86
230.51
226.35
310.06

258.86
267.13
280.40
287.58
246.14
226.88
234.42
209.62
218.73
204.33
250.73
287.29
292.28
312.66
274.85
234.85
232.86
220.70
318.43

276.48 280.84
291.10 295.07
293.66 299.01
294.47 297.34
264.96 262.04
240.01 245.07
231.57 245.07
225.59 225.93
233.14 233.53
218.66 227.56
274.46 283.03
300.89 309.89
310.03 317.96
311.95 318.24
302.56 301.74
264.36 269.86
268.81 273.49
242.65 247.16
326.70 334.08

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

5.61
6.60
5.12
4.89
5.23
5.06
5.53
5.13
5.76
6.34
5.27
5.18
5.10
5.56
4.95
4.88
5.40
6.62
5.27
5.66
10.5;

5.68
6.66
5.15
4.91
5.28
5.11
5.55
5.15
5.84
6.28
5.30
5.17
5.09
5.55
5.01
4.90
5.4;
6.86
5.18
5.69
11.15

5.73
6.60
5.28
5.06
5.26
5.32
5.59
5.20
5.79
6.49
5.31
5.30
5.15
6.13
5.09
4.92
5.53
6.89
5.39
5.87
11.02

5.75
6.64
5.30
5.10
5.29
5.33
5.64
5.16
5.83
6.58
5.38
5.23
5.08
6.02
5.09
4.94
5.57
6.90
5.41
5.89
11.10

5.78 203.08
238.26
186.37
178.49
188.80
187.22
189.13
177.50
187.20
211.12
188.14
187.52
184.11
202.38
180.68
174.70
203.04
260.17
201.31
221.87
430.27

206.75
243.09
187.98
179.22
193.25
187.54
193.14
175.62
194.47
215.40
191.86
184.57
180.19
205.91
185.37
174.44
202.71
270.97
199.43
220.20
474.99

210.86 212.18 216.17
236.28 239.70
195.89 199.28
185.20 190.23
193.57 196.79
198.97 199.34
194.53 198.53
185.12 179.05
193.97 198.80
223.26 228.98
188.51 195.29
199.28 195.60
196.73 191.52
212.71 214.31
188.84 191.38
179.58 182.78
208.48 207.20
274.22 271.86
208.05 208.83
235.39 232.66
461.74 455.10

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265

10.64

10.66
12.78
12.83

10.91

10.98
13.46
13.59
13.98

11.04 460.71
578.18
583.08
596.75
387.16
454.11
354.89
372.37
384.20
408.10
400.61
373.93

466.91
584.05
588.90
585.65
396.68
466.03
362.08
378.43
390.76
416.75
401.62
408.41

472.40
602.09
612.89
613.66
391.86
460.31
359.54
383.13
394.90
408.21
414.90
376.97

206
2061-3

2065
207
208
2082
2086

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391

2392
2396

2651
2653
2654

$8.22

9.18
7.21
8.72

10.99

12.82
12.90
13.35

9.24
10.61
8.47
8.68
9.04
9.36

9.36
8.84

11.32

13.35

13.25

13.47
13.79

9.29
10.64
8.44
8.76

9.33

9.35

10.78
8.5;
8.91

10.79
8.53

9.13
9.4!
9.34
9.24

9.27
9.56
9.56
9.04

8.90
9.30
9.61

9.57
9.03

476.53
607.05
615.63
623.51
397.38
470.44
364.23
383.59
394.32
408.43
410.55
389.19

286.33

490.18

See footnotes at end of table.




127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals

Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752

276
278

279

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average overtime hours
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

38.1
35.0
37.7
38.6
37.5
40.2
36.0
39.3
38.8
39.3
41.8
39.2
38.8

38.3
34.5
38.1
39.8
38.1
42.3
35.5
39.5
39.1
39.4
43.2
40.1
39.6

37.9
34.2
39.0
38.6
36.5
41.7
36.3
39.2
39.0
39.1
40.7
38.8
39.1

38.1
34.6
38.8
38.7
37.0
41.2
36.5
39.3
38.8
39.3
41.9
38.7
39.0

38.9

3.1
2.5
3.0
2.9
1.9
4.2
2.4
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.9
2.4
3.6

2.9
1.9
2.1
3.4
2.0
5.5
2.1
3.3
2.8
3.4
4.9
2.5
3.5

2.9
1.8
3.6
3.0
1.9
4.6
2.5
3.4
2.8
3.5
3.5
2.6
3.6

3.0
1.9
3.5
2.6
1.8
3.9
2.2
3.5
2.8
3.7
4.3
2.5
3.4

42.4
42.1
42.5
42.6
43.8
42.5
41.5
41.2
42.3
45.4
40.1
43.2
41.4
43.4
43.6
43.3
43.4
42.7

41.5
41.5
41.8
42.0
42.6
42.1
40.6
40.4
40.2
43.5
38.2
40.5
41.0
43.1
43.5
43.0
42.5
41.9

42.0
41.5
41.5
42.5
43.7
41.9
41.0
40.9
40.7
44.1
38.6
40.9
40.8
43.9
43.7
43.9
42.6
42.5

42.3

3.3
3.1
3.3
3.6
4.5
3.1
2.3
2.2
3.0
5.5
1.8
2.4
2.3
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.6

3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
4.3
2.2
2.9
2.8
3.5
5.5
2.4
3.3
2.5
4.0
5.1
3.7
4.1
3.6

3.4
3.4
3.3
3.6
4.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.9
4.5
2.3
2.3
3.2
4.0
4.4
3.9
4.1
3.5

3.4
3.1
3.0
3.8
4.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
4.5
1.9
2.0
2.8
4.5
5.0
4.3
4.2
3.7

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28

2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

41.9
41.9
42.5
42.4
43.6
42.1
40.6
40.3
41.2
44.8
39.1
41.1
41.2
43.2
43.0
43.2
42.9
42.0

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.7
43.9
43.4

42.9
43.2
42.9

44.4
44.2
46.6

43.5
44.1
42.7

44.3

4.0
3.8
5.3

3.6
3.4
4.6

5.0
4.4
8.0

4.2
3.9
6.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.6
44.5
38.0

42.1
43.7
37.5

41.1
42.3
38.7

41.2
41.4
39.1

41.8

3.7
5.2
1.4

3.8
4.8
1.2

3.6
4.1
1.0

3.7
4.2
1.2

303,4
306
307

42.4
41.4
41.3

42.3
41.9
42.0

42.4
41.4
41.0

41.7
41.8
41.1

4.6
3.1
3.7

3.6
3.2
3.8

3.7
3.1
3.7

3.5
3.3
3.8

31

36.6
40.1
36.1
36.5
35.4
38.2
36.5

37.1
40.3
36.4
36.3
36.5
39.8
36.5

37.6
41.2
36.7
36.4
36.8
40.1
37.9

37.6
41.1
36.9
35.8
37.9
40.4
37.3

37.9

1.3
2.9
1.0
.9
1.1
2.0

1.4
2.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
2.4
.6

1.7
3.6
1.2
1.0
1.1
2.6
2.1

1.9
3.4
1.6
1.1
2.0
2.6
2.5

39.5

39.5

39.5

39.5

39.9

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

281
2819
282

311
314

3143
3144

316
317

Transportation and public utilities ,
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads2

4011

42.0

42.4

44.4

44.9

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

33.7
38.0
38.7

33.8
38.3
37.5

33.8
38.6
36.7

33.7
39.0
38.6

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.7
38.5
41.2

39.2
39.2
39.5

38.7
38.6
40.3

38.2
38.0
39.5

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

42.2

40.9

41.2

42.2

See footnotes at end of table.

128




.9

Dec.
1985P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985 P

Dec.
1985 P

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

$9.56
9.75
10.30
8.66
8.17
9.31
8.66
9.84
9.29
10.05
9.72
7.36
11.44

$9.57
9.67
10.21
8.61
8.10
9.26
8.58
9.89
9.36
10.12
9.91
7.44
11.49

$9.75
9.66
10.33
8.92
8.32
9.73
8.91
10.08
9.63
10.23
10.05
7.68
11.68

$9.80
9.78
10.33
8.82
8.23
9.63
8.79
10.13
9.64
10.31
10.23
7.75
11.59

$9.87 $364.24
341.25
388.31
334.28
306.38
374.26
311.76
386.71
360.45
394.97
406.30
288.51
443.87

$366.53
333.62
389.00
342.68
308.61
391.70
304.59
390.66
365.98
398.73
428.11
298.34
455.00

$369.53
330.37
402.87
344.31
303.68
405.74
323.43
395.14
375.57
399.99
409.04
297.98
456.69

$373.38 $383.94
338.39
400.80
341.33
304.51
396.76
320.84
398.11
374.03
405.18
428.64
299.93
452.01

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

11.31
12.57
12.59
11.44
12.33
11.15
10.30
10.06
10.04
13.02
8.27
9.54
9.88
13.74
13.05
13.94
10.92
10.37

11.34
12.54
12.60
11.44
12.34
11.08
10.40
10.11
10.18
13.28
8.41
9.64
9.97
13.68
13.10
13.85
10.99
10.35

11.72
13.03
13.11
11.84
12.91
11.47
10.95
10.64
10.35
13.31
8.72
9.68
10.08
14.09
13.80
14.19
11.24
10.77

11.82
13.15
13.15
11.86
12.95
11.43
11.00
10.72
10.58
13.76
8.85
9.75
10.15
14.21
13.85
14.32
11.36
10.83

11.94 473.89
526.68
535.08
485.06
537.59
469.42
418.18
405.42
413.65
583.30
323.36
392.09
407.06
593.57
561.15
602.21
468.47
435.54

480.82
527.93
535.50
487.34
540.49
470.90
431.60
416.53
430.61
602.91
337.24
416.45
412.76
593.71
571.16
599.71
476.97
441.95

486.38
540.75
548.00
497.28
549.97
482.89
444.57
429.86
416.07
578.99
333.10
392.04
413.28
607.28
600.30
610.17
477.70
451.26

496.44
545.73
545.73
504.05
565.92
478.92
451.00
438.45
430.61
606.82
341.61
398.78
414.12
623.82
605.25
628.65
483.94
460.28

505.06

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

13.66
14.80
10.25

13.62
14.65
10.21

13.97
15.20
10.81

14.02
15.16
10.71

14.23 596.94
649.72
444.85

584.30
632.88
438.01

620.27
671.84
503.75

609.87
668.56
457.32

630.39

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

8.40
13.09
5.53

8.44
13.16
5.56

8.53
13.35
5.89

8.61
13.48
5.98

8.70 349.44
582.51
210.14

355.32
575.09
208.50

350.58
564.71
227.94

354.73
558.07
233.82

363.66

303,4
306
307

8.59
8.20
7.73

8.41
8.23
7.80

8.42
8.44
7.94

8.38
8.50
8.03

364.22
339.48
319.25

355.74
344.84
327.60

357.01
349.42
325.54

349.45
355.30
330.03

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

5.76
7.53
5.47
5.78
5.23
6.54
5.55

5.80
7.78
5.47
5.77
5.23
6.54
5.60

5.76
7.46
5.46
5.83
5.23
6.39
5.60

5.83
7.42
5.56
5.90
5.32
6.53
5.63

5.81 210.82
301.95
197.47
210.97
185.14
249.83
202.58

215.18
313.53
199.11
209.45
190.90
260.29
204.40

216.58
307.35
200.38
212.21
192.46
256.24
212.24

219.21
304.96
205.16
211.22
201.63
263.81
210.00

220.20

11.25

11.28

11.46

11.56

11.60 444.38

445.56

452.67

456.62

462.84

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads2

4011

13.40

13.50

13.49

13.71

562.80

572.40

598.96

615.58

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

7.51
7.92
11.2:

7.49
7.94
11.09

7.66
8.15
10.83

7.76
8.20
11.10

253.09
300.96
434.21

253.16
304.10
415.88

258.91
314.59
397.46

261.51
319.80
428.46

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.50
10.74
7.83

10.60
10.80
7.98

10.53
10.75
7.90

10.64
10.84
8.18

406.35
413.49
322.60

415.52
423.36
315.21

407.51
414.95
318.37

406.45
411.92
323.11

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

14.84

15.28

15.13

15.34

626.25

624.95

623.36

647.35

See footnotes at end of table.




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

48
481
483

40.3
41.1
37.4

39.6
40.2
37.3

40.4
41.6
36.8

40.8
42.2
36.9

49
491
492

41.9
41.8
41.3
42.7
41.9

41.7
41.5
41.2
42.9
41.3

42.1
42.1
41.3
42.7
42.9

42.3
42.4
41.3
42.7
43.3

38.7

38.9

38.7

38.7

493

495

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

39.2
38.6
37.7
39.2
39.1
40.2
39.4
38.8
39.5
38.7

39.5
39.0
38.3
39.6
39.1
41.1
39.8
38.9
39.7
38.6

39.3
38.6
37.2
40.0
38.6
40.7
39.0
39.2
39.7
38.0

39.2
38.7
37.3
39.6
38.6
40.4
39.2
39.0
39.6
38.1

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products ....
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages ....
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51

38.0
37.3
37.8
36.4
38.6
39.2
39.4
36.4
37.6

38.1
38.3
37.9
36.4
38.8
39.4
39.6
36.3
37.8

37.9
37.7
38.2
35.9
38.4
40.0
38.8
36.1
37.8

38.0
37.9
37.5
36.6
38.4
39.7
39.1
36.5
37.4

29.7

30.5

29.4

29.3

511

512
513
514
516
517
518

519

Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.4
38.5
33.2

36.5
38.3
33.7

36.6
38.9
32.8

36.4
38.7
32.8

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

29.0
28.9
29.3
30.3

32.3
32.4
32.3
32.0

28.7
28.6
29.4
29.7

28.6
28.4
29.5
29.8

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

30.8
31.1
28.4

30.5
30.6
28.9

30.1
30.2
29.2

30.0
30.3
29.1

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

37.1
38.0
40.0
34.6

37.1
38.1
40.1
34.4

36.7
37.7
39.5
34.2

36.7
37.5
40.0
34.2

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.6
30.6
26.4
28.1
27.1

29.2
32.7
27.9
30.2
28.5

27.6
30.1
26.5
27.4
27.2

27.4
29.7
26.1
27.5
27.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

34.2
34.3
34.5
34.0

34.8
34.8
34.7
34.9

33.5
33.2
34.1
33.8

34.0
33.6
34.9
34.3

Eating and drinking places3 ...

58

25.6

26.0

25.7

25.4

See footnotes at end of table.

130




Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1985P

39.1

29.9

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48

481
483
49
491
492
493

495

Wholesale trade .

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$11.58 $11.56 $11.99 $12.04
12.28 12.24 12.75 12.84
9.96 10.02 10.57 10.55

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$466.67 $457.78 $484.40 $491.23
504.71 492.05 530.40 541.85
372.50 373.75 388.98 389.30

12.54
12.66
11.36
14.50
9.76

12.57
12.67
11.47
14.50
9,68

13.00
13.11
12.02
15.17
9.39

13.11
13.26
12.11
15.21
9.50

525.43
529.19
469.17
619.15
408.94

524.17
525.81
472.56
622.05
399.78

547.30
551.93
496.43
647.76
402.83

554.55
562.22
500.14
649.47
411.35

9.08

9.19

9.25

9.33

$9.44 351.40

357.49

357.98

361.07

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.10
8.27
7.83
8.57
9.76
9.74
9.63
8.43
9.61
7.48

9.22
8.40
8.08
8.60
9.78
9.87
9.73
8.60
9.73
7.57

9.36
8.49
8.26
8.77
10.00
10.02
9.82
8.73
9.90
7.50

9.41
8.54
8.33
8.76
9.92
10.03
9.91
8.78
9.97
7.54

356.72
319.22
295.19
335.94
381.62
391.55
379.42
327.08
379.60
289.48

364.19
327.60
309.46
340.56
382.40
405.66
387.25
334.54
386.28
292.20

367.85
327.71
307.27
350.80
386.00
407.81
382.98
342.22
393.03
285.00

368.87
330.50
310.71
346.90
382.91
405.21
388.47
342.42
394.81
287.27

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51

9.04
9.90
9.84
8.80
9.28
10.81
9.76
10.85
7.33

9.15
10.00
9.91
9.34
11.15
9.84
11.09
7.38

9.09
9.54
9.88
8.79
9.45
11.21
9.89
10.81
7.43

9.20
9.67
10.14
8.78
9.53
11.44
9.96
10.78
7.54

343.52
369.27
371.95
320.32
358.21
423.75
384.54
394.94
275.61

348.62
383.00
375.59
325.05
362.39
439.31
389.66
402.57
278.96

344.51
359.66
377.42
315.56
362.88
448.40
383.73
390.24
280.85

349.60
366.49
380.25
321.35
365.95
454.17
389.44
393.47
282.00

5.93

5.89

5.97

6.00

5.99 176.12

179.65

175.52

175.80

511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

Retail trade.

8.93

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..,
Hardware stores

52
521
525

6.54
6.80
5.68

6.56
6.87
5.69

6.73
7.00
5.72

6.76
7.01
5.75

238.06
261.80
188.58

239.44
263.12
191.75

246.32
272.30
187.62

246.06
271.29
188.60

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

5.60
5.80
4.49
4.50

5.51
5.69
4.56
4.46

6.05
6.31
4.58
4.77

6.06
6.33
4.58
4.72

162.40
167.62
131.56
136.35

177.97
184.36
147.29
142.72

173.64
180.47
134.65
141.67

173.32
179.77
135.11
140.66

Food stores
Grocery stores ...
Retail bakeries ...

54
541
546

7.74
8.03
5.30

7.58
7.88
5.30

7.25
7.46
5.35

7.25
7.47
5.29

238.39
249.73
150.52

231.19
241.13
153.17

218.23
225.29
156.22

217.50
226.34
153.94

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.15
8.58
6.50
5.29

7.19
8.64
6.50
5.31

7.34
8.90
6.49
5.32

7.35
8.87
6.53
5.37

265.27
326.04
260.00
183.03

266.75
329.18
260.65
182.66

269.38
335.53
256.36
181.94

269.75
332.63
261.20
183.65

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.22
6.0;
4.96
5.08
5.3;

5.26
6.14
4.96
5.13
5.40

5.29
6.3;
5.07
5.2;
5.29

5.31
5.29
5.31

144.07
184.21
130.94
142.75
144.17

153.59
200.78
138.38
154.93
153.90

146.00
190.23
134.36
143.03
143.89

145.49
190.38
131.02
145.48
147.09

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.13
7.09
7.11
7.23

7.25
7.13
7.3;
7.43

7.33
7.39
7.29
7.24

7.36
7.35
7.29
7.38

243.85
243.19
245.30
245.82

252.30
248.12
254.00
259.31

245.56
245.35
248.59
244.71

250.24
246.96
254.42
253.13

Eating and drinking places3 ....

58

4.35

4.3"

4.36

4.38

111.36

113.62

112.05

111.25

6.41
5.0;

Dec.
1985P

$369.10

179.10

See footnotes at end of table.




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate 4 .

Average weekly hours
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

31.1
29.9
28.7
35.9
39.0
32.3

32.3
31.0
30.8
36.1
39.2
33.2

30.7
29.0
28.9
33.5
38.5
32.6

30.5
29.0
28.4
33.8
39.0
32.4

36.4

36.7

36.3

36.2

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks .

60
602

36.3
36.3

36.8
36.8

36.1
36.1

35.9
35.9

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

37.2
36.6
37.4

37.6
37.3
37.4

37.0
36.2
37.4

36.9
36.1
37.1

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance...

63
631
632
633

37.2
37.0
37.8
37.1

37.5
37.2
38.1
37.2

37.4
37.1
38.1
37.3

37.5
36.9
38.7
37.3

32.7

32.9

32.8

32.6

Services ...
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts3

701

30.2

30.0

30.8

30.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops3

721
723

34.5
30.5

34.2
31.1

34.5
30.4

34.4
30.6

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.6
36.2
28.9
38.1

34.0
36.3
28.8
38.8

33.9
36.5
28.9
38.3

33.8
36.3
28.6
38.3

Auto repair, services, and garages .
Automotive repair shops

75
753

37.7
39.2

38.0
39.6

37.6
38.7

37.3
38.5

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.6

38.5

39.2

39.1

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

29.8
38.5

29.2
36.6

30.0
39.7

28.3
36.2

Amusement and recreation services

79

29.7

29.8

27.8

27.7

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
805
806

32.4
30.5
28.7
31.3
34.0

32.5
30.7
29.0
31.6
34.0

32.5
30.7
29.1
31.1
34.4

32.5
30.7
28.9
31.2
34.4

Legal services

81

34.4

35.0

34.7

34.7

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

89
891
893

38.9
40.0
37.6

39.2
40.3
37.7

39.1
40.2
37.7

38.9
40.0
37.4

See footnotes at end of table.

132




Average overtime hours
Dec.
1985P

36.8

32.9

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate 4 .

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$180.07
162.36
156.13
215.04
328.38
199.61

$187.02
167.09
166.94
220.57
333.59
205.84

$183.59
158.63
164.15
217.42
325.33
205.05

$183.31
160.95
160.46
220.04
336.18
203.47

$5.79
5.43
5.44
5.99
8.42
6.18

$5.79
5.39
5.42
6.11
8.51
6.20

$5.98
5.47
5.68
6.49
8.45
6.29

$6.01
5.55
5.65
6.51
8.62
6.28

7.71

7.78

8.00

8.09

$8.19 280.64

285.53

290.40

292.86

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks ...

60
602

6.64
6.49

6.70
6.55

6.90
6.76

6.95
6.81

241.03
235.59

246.56
241.04

249.09
244.04

249.51
244.48

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

6.91
6.28
6.69

7.05
6.40
6.90

7.34
6.85
6.98

7.35
6.85
7.04

257.05
229.85
250.21

265.08
238.72
258.06

271.58
247.97
261.05

271.22
247.29
261.18

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance...

63
631
632
633

8.38
7.99
8.35
8.71

8.42
7.93
8.54
8.76

8.69
8.17
8.83
9.04

8.74
8.24
8.85
9.08

311.74
295.63
315.63
323.14

315.75
295.00
325.37
325.87

325.01
303.11
336.42
337.19

327.75
304.06
342.50
338.68

7.77

7.84

8.04

8.11

8.20 254.08

257.94

263.71

264.39

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 3 .

701

5.56

5.69

5.90

5.92

167.91

170.70

181.72

178.78

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops3

721
723

5.67
5.70

5.72
5.85

5.85
6.02

5.88
6.05

195.62
173.85

195.62
181.94

201.83
183.01

202.27
185.13

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

8.00
10.58
6.13
10.83

8.05
10.85
6.19
10.79

8.31
10.64
6.37
11.36

8.34
10.66
6.45
11.33

268.80
383.00
177.16
412.62

273.70
393.86
178.27
418.65

281.71
388.36
184.09
435.09

281.89
386.96
184.47
433.94

Auto repair, services, and garages .
Automotive repair shops

75
753

7.26
7.80

7.32
7.89

7.51
8.14

7.58
8.16

273.70
305.76

278.16
312.44

282.38
315.02

282.73
314.16

Miscellaneous repair services

76

8.73

8.79

8.89

8.95

336.98

338.42

348.49

349.95

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

12.00
16.11

12.08
16.59

11.94
16.09

12.47
17.08

357.60
620.24

352.74
607.19

358.20
638.77

352.90
618.30

Amusement and recreation services

79

7.21

7.38

7.04

7.40

214.14

219.92

195.71

204.98

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities .
Hospitals

80
801
802
805
806

7.89
7.76
7.6;
5.46
8.76

7.93
7.90
7.71
5.47
8.79

8.18
8.05
7.9;
5.67
9.11

8.19
8.06
7.98
5.69
9.14

255.64
236.68
218.69
170.90
297.84

257.73
242.53
223.59
172.85
298.86

265.85
247.14
230.47
176.34
313.38

266.18
247.44
230.62
177.53
314.42

Legal services

81

10.04

10.34

10.56

10.69

345.38

361.90

366.43

370.94

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

891
893

11.30
12.10
9.45

11.51
12.25
9.77

11.75
12.59
9.81

11.84
12.63
9.96

439.57
484.00
355.32

451.19
493.68
368.33

459.43
506.12
369.84

460.58
505.20
372.50

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning in January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with
operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more.
3
Money payments only; tips, not included.
1
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this




Dec.
1985P

$301.39

269.78

division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

133

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Nov.
1984

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1985P

$8.93

$9.00

$9.15

$9.21

$9.28

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

9.43
7.77
6.72
9.15
11.01
9.05
9.63
8.86
11.74
8.67
6.85

9.52
7.78
6.75
9.18
10.99
9.16
9.68
8.95
11.88
8.73
6.96

9.73
7.96
7.07
9.29
11.13
9.28
10.01
9.25
12.09
8.99
7.05

9.78
7.96
7.11
9.37
11.26
9.32
10.05
9.26
12.11
9.00
7.08

9.84

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

8.19
8.03
11.47
6.31
5.50
10.06
9.19
10.89
13.06
8.03
5.66

8.23
8.07
10.91
6.34
5.57
10.08
9.22
10.90
13.08
8.07
5.69

8.34
8.08
11.19
6.46
5.62
10.33
9.39
11.26
13.22
8.18
5.64

8.40
8.18
11.89
6.48
5.63
10.41
9.44
11.36
13.37
8.24
5.69

$8.48

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
0
= preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Nov.
1985P

Dec.
1984

Dec.
1985P

Dec.
1984

Oct.
1985

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars .

$8.43
4.91

$8.46
4.92

$8.65
4.89

$8.68
4.88

$8.73

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars .

11.63
6.77

11.70
6.80

11.95
6.75

12.00
6.75

$12.13

505.91
294.48

515.97
299.98

516.24
291.66

519.60
292.40

$533.72

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars .

12.10
7.04

12.26
7.13

12.36
6.98

12.20
6.87

$12.39

451.33
262.71

460.98
268.01

472.15
266.75

448.96
252.65

$458.43

9.31
5.42

9.40
5.46

9.54
5.39

9.61
5.41

$9.71

378.92
220.56

387.28
225.16

388.28
219.37

393.05
221.19

$403.94

11.25
6.55

11.28
6.56

11.46
6.47

11.56
6.50

$11.60

444.38
258.66

445.56
259.05

452.67
255.75

456.62
256.96

$462.84

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.08
5.28

9.19
5.34

9.25
5.22

9.33
5.25

$9.44

351.40
204.54

357.49
207.84

357.98
202.25

361.07
203.19

$369.10

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars ....

5.93
3.45

5.89
3.42

5.97
3.37

6.00
3.37

$5.99

176.12
102.51

179.65
104.45

175.52
99.16

175.80
98.93

$179.10

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

7.71
4.49

7.78
4.52

8.00
4.52

8.09
4.55

$8.19

280.64
163.35

285.53
166.01

290.40
164.07

292.86
164.81

$301.39

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars .

7.77
4.52

7.84
4.56

8.04
4.54

8.11
4.56

$8.20

254.08
147.89

257.94
149.97

263.71
148.99

264.39
148.78

$269.78

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
"" = preliminary.

134



Dec.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$295.89 $300.33 $303.62 $302.93 $309.04
171.54
172.23
170.47
174.61

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1984

1985

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

35.2

35.1

35.1

35.2

35.0

35.1

35.1

Construction

37.8

37.7

37.8

38.1

38.0

37.6

Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

40.6
3.4
41.3
3.6
39.8
39.6
41.8
41.2
39.8
41.4
41.7
41.0
42.8
44.0
41.8
39.3

40.6
3.4
41.3
3.6
39.7
40.4
41.7
41.0
39.9
41.4
41.7
40.8
43.1
44.3
41.2
39.2

40.1
3.3
40.7
3.5
38.9
39.5
41.6
40.9
40.5
40.9
41.1
40.2
41.9
42.4
40.7
39.0

40.4
3.2
41.1
3.5
39.6
39.5
42.0
41.1
40.5
41.1
41.6
40.7
42.5
43.2
41.0
39.1

40.2
3.4
40.9
3.6
39.5
39.3
42.0
41.0
40.2
41.1
41.2
40.2
42.3
43.3
40.7
39.0

39.6
3.0
40.1
38.8
39.2
36.3
43.1
37.7
41.9
43.0

39.3
2.9
39.7
39.2
38.8
35.9
42.9
37.7
41.9
43.1

36.9

39.5
3.0
39.8
38.3
39.2
36.2
43.0
37.8
42.0
43.2
(2)
36.8

36.4

39.4
2.9
39.8
38.9
39.1
36.1
42.9
37.6
42.1
43.3
(2)
37.1

Transportation and public utilities

39.3

39.3

39.4

Wholesale trade

38.6

38.6

Retail trade

29.9

32.9

Dec.

Total private

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Nov.p

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

35.0

35.1

35.1

35.1

35.0

35.1

37.2

37.6

37.5

37.9

37.9

37.5

37.2

40.4
3.1
41.1
3.2
39.8
38.9
42.1
41.2
40.7
41.1
41.4
40.4
42.6
43.5
40.9
39.3

40.4
3.2
41.2
3.3
40.1
38.9
41.9
41.6
41.2
41.3
41.6
40.6
42.3
42.7
41.1
39.4

40.3
3.2
41.0
3.3
39.7
38.8
42.0
41.4
41.2
41.3
41.3
40.3
42.5
43.3
40.7
39.0

40.6
3.3
41.3
3.4
40.0
39.2
42.0
41.7
41.8
41.4
41.6
40.7
42.9
43.8
40.7
39.3

40.7
3.3
41.3
3.5
40.1
39.4
42.0
41.5
41.0
41.6
41.6
40.5
42.9
43.8
40.9
39.8

40.7
3.4
41.3
3.5
40.3
39.4
42.1
41.8
41.7
41.5
41.6
40.6
42.8
43.8
40.8
39.9

40.7
3.4
41.3
3.6
40.0
39.5
41.7
41.8
42.0
41.4
41.6
41.0
42.7
43.7
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.6
41.7
3.8
40.1
39.9
42.0
42.5
42.6
41.7
41.9
41.2
42.9
44.1
42.3
39.9

39.1
3.0
39.6
35.4
38.8
35.6
43.0
37.6
41.9
42.0
(2)
37.0

39.4
2.9
40.1
37.0
38.9
36.2
43.0
37.4
41.9
41.7
(2)
37.1

39.4
3.0
39.6
36.6
39.4
36.3
42.9
37.5
42.0
42.6
(2)
37.0

39.4
3.0
40.0
34.6
39.1
36.3
42.7
37.5
41.8
42.9

39.8
3.1
40.2
36.9
40.7
36.5
43.1
38.0
41.6
43.4
37.8

39.9
3.2
40.3
38.2
40.7
36.6
43.3
37.9
41.7
44.3
(2)
37.9

39.8
3.2
39.9
35.1
41.1
36.8
43.2
37.8
41.9
43.2
(2)
37.6

40.2
3.4
40.3
37.1
41.6
37.3
43.7
38.3
41.8
44.3

37.0

39.6
3.1
39.9
36.8
40.0
36.4
43.0
37.9
41.8
43.3
(2)
37.3

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.5

39.2

39.6

39.5

39.5

39.4

39.7

38.6

38.7

38.6

38.7

38.8

38.6

38.6

38.7

38.6

38.6

38.8

29.8

29.8

29.8

29.7

29.9

29.9

29.7

29.6

29.6

29.5

29.5

29.3

32.7

32.8

32.8

32.7

32.8

32.8

32.7

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.7

32.9

Mining

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)
37.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are
subject to revision.

135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1984

1985

Industry

Nov.p

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Total private

115.0

115.0

115.1

115.7

115.6

116.2

116.3

116.0

116.7

117.0

117.4

117.5

118.3

Goods-producing

99.9

100.0

98.8

99.6

99.1

99.1

98.6

98.5

99.1

99.2

99.7

99.5

100.5

Mining

112.1

110.9

112.2

112.6

113.6

114.0

112.6

111.1

110.5

110.4

109.7

109.5

109.5

Construction

119.4

121.3

121.2

123.4

125.7

124.4

122.4

124.3

124.8

127.1

127.7

125.9

125.6

95.5

95.3

93.9

94.3

93.3

93.4

93.4

92.9

93.5

93.3

93.8

94.0

95.2

95.4
96.8

95.2
96.2

93.9
94.4

92.6
95.8

102.6
87.6
66.3
54.1
91.0
91.2

109.8
96.9
90.2

104.7
87.8
66.0
52.7
91.3
91.5
105.1
98.5
91.5

92.6
97.8
104.4
88.0
66.5
53.3
91.6
90.9
103.8
98.9
91.9

93.7
98.8

102.8
87.4
67.2
54.3
91.4
92.6
106.1
97.2
89.6

106.7
82.9

107.2
82.8

105.9
81.7

92.0
96.0
104.2
87.6
65.5
52.2
91.5
90.5
103.4
97.8
89.9
104.2
81.9

92.7
97.9
104.7
87.4
67.0
55.4
91.3
90.5

112.7
97.6
94.0
109.6
84.8

92.9
94.0
102.6
88.0
66.9
54.4
91.3
92.8
106.4
97.8
91.3
105.6
82.3

91.9
94.3

108.4
87.8
69.0
55.1
92.7
95.1
111.8
98.8
95.2
107.7
83.9

92.8
93.2
104.7
87.8
66.9
54.6
91.5
92.5
106.6
97.5
91.4

92.7
94.1

106.0
87.8
69.3
55.0
92.9
95.6

93.3
93.3
105.7
87.2
68.4
55.5
91.4
93.3
109.4
95.6
89.3

103.7
82.1

105.3
81.4

105.8
99.6
92.0
108.9
82.7

95.7
98.0
89.9
76.4
90.4
99.7
118.8
94.7
85.1
112.7
68.6

95.6
97.6
90.5
76.2
89.9
99.7
119.9
94.7
85.5
112.4
67.5

94.7
97.3
90.8
74.5
88.7
99.3
119.9
94.5
85.3
110.4
65.9

95.0
98.0
88.3
74.6
88.6
99.5
119.8
94.8
84.9
111.1
66.7

94.1
97.1
82.0
74.1
87.1
99.3

95.3

95.7

99.0
85.0
76.7
88.9
100.8

95.9
98.3

97.4
100.4

79.7
77.6

89.7
101.5

79.1
78.7
91.7
103.3

120.0
94.2
81.6
109.6
66.1

100.1
122.8
93.3
83.4

98.8
83.8
76.4
88.6
100.1
122.8
93.0
80.5

122.7

123.1

93.3
82.1

92.9
80.9

125.2
93.0
84.5

108.6

109.1

110.4

111.6

112.6

67.1

68.0

68.2

67.1

68.3

123.4

123.3

124.0

124.6

126.4

126.8

127.2

127.4

128.1

Transportation and public utilities .

106.5

106.7

107.2

108.1

108.7

109.0

109.1

110.2

Wholesale trade

117.3

117.7

120.0

120.5

120.6

120.8

121.7

Retail trade .

116.0

118.0

118.1

118.2

118.2

117.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate

129.5

130.8

130.6

131.3

133.2

Services

141.4

141.8

142.9

142.8

144.4

Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

106.0
88.2
68.0
54.8
91.6
94.1

106.1
81.9

104.3
97.1
89.9
104.3
79.9

94.3
98.4
83.1
74.3
86.9
99.6

94.4
98.1
78.5
73.6
88.4
99.2

121.2
93.3
82.6

109.1
66.3

120.3
93.9
82.0
108.7
65.6

124.7

125.7

126.1

125.7

107.6

107.5

108.2

108.2

107.5

117.9

118.6

118.8

119.5

120.2

119.6

115.9

116.4

116.8

116.7

118.2

118.5

117.8

126.7

126.1

126.8

127.7

127.8

128.0

130.3

128.7

137.0

136.8

137.9

138.7

138.9

139.8

139.9

140.1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

136




94.3
98.6
84.0
73.6
87.4
99.9
119.7
93.7
80.3

108.5
67.5

104.5
81.7
94.9
98.5
81.8
75.2

87.9

104.8
98.9
90.9

Dec

106.0
88.4
68.1
53.2
91.9
91.0

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1984

1985

Industry
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.p

Dec.

2

Hourly Earnings lndex (1977 = 100)
163.0

164.0

164.4

164.8

164.9

165.7

165.4

165.7

166.7

166.4

167.1

149.2
166.3
163.5

150.8
166.9
164.2

149.9
167.4
165.4

150.4
167.9
165.0

150.0
168.4
165.0

149.3
168.6
166.6

149.1
169.0
166.0

149.4
169.3
166.1

150.0
169.1
167.3

149.4
169.4
167.0

148.6
170.1
167.7

154.5

155.4

155.5

155.6

155.9

155.9

155.8

155.8

157.2

156.7

157.2

164.9

166.2

167.2

167.8

167.6

169.8

169.0

169.6

171.5

171.1

172.1

94.9

94.5

94.7

94.5

94.4

94.3

94.5

94.3

94.3

94.7

94.3

94.1

$8.47

$8.44

163.4

Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .,
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
4

Total private (in constant dollars)

3

()
148.9
165.4
164.1
(3)
155.6
(3)
166.7

168.4
(3)
150.1
170.7
169.0
(3)
158.1
(3)
174.2

Average» hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

$12.20 $12.20
9.35
9.38
11.23
11.21
9.19
9.09
5.93
5.92
7.70
7.81
7.74
7.81

$8.49 $8.52 $8.54 $8.55
$8.60 $8.65 $8.64 $8.67
$8.59
$8.57
$8.75
(3)
0
$12.27 $12.22 $12.26 $12.25 $12.23 $12.23 $12.26 $12.30 $12.26 $12.26 $12.33
9.41
9.43
9.56
9.56
9.48
9.49
9.51
9.53
9.58
9.61
9.65
11.27
11.49
11.25
11.30
11.31
11.40
11.36
11.44
11.41
11.49
11.55
9.27
9.23
9.22
9.24
9.32
9.27
9.32
9.20
9.26
9.35
9.44
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.95
5.96
6.00
5.99
6.00
6.03
7.86
7.95
7.81
7.85
7.81
7.98
7.90
8.05
8.01
8.11
8.21
7.86
7.88
7.89
7.97
7.94
7.97
8.03
7.81
8.03
8.09
8.17
Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .

298.14 296.24 298.00 299.90 298.90 300.11 301.51 299.95 301.86 303.62 303.26 303.45 307.13
173.14 171.73 172.15 172.46 171.19 171.59 172.00 171.01 171.80 172.51 171.82 170.96

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1981 forward are subject to
revision.

137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

$356.01 $356.87
355.25 365.33
430.76
431.38

Alabama
Birmingham .
Mobile

41.0
41.9
42.7

41.3
40.6
41.3

41.4
41.8
41.8

$8.18
8.58
9.79

$8.62
8.75
10.43

$8.62
8.74
10.32

$335.38
359.50
418.03

Alaska .

33.4

37.2

32.1

14.58

14.52

13.87

486.97

540.14

445.23

9.89
(1)

375.25

391.20

399.56

40.7

40.0

40.4

9.22

9.78

0
0

0
0

0
O

0
O

O
O

0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

39.6
38.8
40.7
39.6
42.2

40.9
41.4
40.7
40.6
44.4

39.6
39.7
39.9
39.7
42.4

7.41
6.20
7.77
8.14
9.28

7.64
6.90
8.16
8.23
9.71

7.67
6.84
8.18
8.40
9.77

293.44
240.56
316.24
322.34
391.62

312.48
285.66
332.11
334.14
431.12

303.73
271.55
326.38
333.48
414.25

California.

40.4

40.4

40.4

9.90

10.18

10.23

399.96

411.27

413.29

Colorado
Denver-Boulder.

41.4
41.7

40.8
41.4

40.9
41.3

9.33
9.72

9.46
9.85

9.44
9.84

386.26
405.32

385.97
407.79

386.10
406.39

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

42.8
42.0
43.3
42.2
41.4
43.3
44.7

41.7
41.1
41.6
42.0
40.8
42.2
42.7

42.3
41.7
42.7
42.1
41.1
42.4
42.6

9.36
9.93
10.03
9.76
9.25
9.06
7.95

9.64
10.01
10.00
10.01
9.07

9.72
10.02

9.85
8.32

10.07
9.21
9.91
8.38

400.61
417.06
434.30
411.87
382.95
392.30
355.37

401.99
411.41
416.00
420.42
370.06
415.67
355.26

411.16
417.83
437.25
423.95
378.53
420.18
356.99

Delaware
Wilmington

42.6
45.4

41.6
41.5

41.9
41.1

9.67
11.10

9.72
11.19

10.12
12.00

411.94
503.94

404.35
464.39

424.03
493.20

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.1

39.1

38.8

10.10

10.52

10.80

394.91

411.33

419.04

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

41.1
41.6
41.3
41.4
41.2
42.3
40.9
42.2
43.5

41.5
42.1
40.0
42.7
40.6
41.2
41.7
40.4
41.0

42.3
42.9
41.6
44.2
40.4
42.2
41.8
42.1
41.3

7.75
7.42
8.03
7.65
6.53
8.12
9.15
7.59
7.87

7.86
7.81
8.07
7.84
6.93
8.34
9.54
7.60
8.46

7.95
7.71
8.13
7.83
6.86
8.52
9.43
7.60
8.62

318.53
308.67
331.64
316.71
269.04
343.48
374.24
320.30
342.35

326.19
328.80
322.80
334.77
281.36
343.61
397.82
307.04
346.86

336.29
330.76
338.21
346.09
277.14
359.54
394.17
319.96
356.01

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

40.8
40.2
45.3

41.1
40.6
43.7

40.9
40.5
43.5

7.78
8.97
10.08

8.05
9.54
10.17

8.09
10.26

317.42
360.59
456.62

330.86
387.32
444.43

330.88
386.37
446.31

Hawaii
Honolulu .

37.2
37.6

37.4
37.1

37.7
37.6

8.39
8.60

8.79
8.94

8.77
8.85

312.11
323.36

328.75
331.67

330.63
332.76

Idaho .

37.6

38.2

38.1

9.32

9.44

9.45

350.43

360.61

360.05

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline.
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

38.9
38.3
40.0
32.7
41.1
39.7
34.6
39.5
26.4
24.3
39.0
41.3
34.1

40.8
39.7
38.0
40.4
41.0
38.9
41.7
42.1
39.8
40.4
41.7
41.2
41.2

41.3
39.0
40.7
40.9
40.8
39.0
41.6
41.4
38.2
41.1
42.7
41.4
42.8

10.23

10.53
10.27
10.46
9.24
10.26
12.48
13.57
11.40
10.11
10.15
12.64
11.02
11.31

10.54
10.25
10.68
9.41
10.23
12.63
13.67
11.49
10.08
9.98
12.81
10.99
11.86

397.95
382.62
408.40
308.03
412.64
499.82
433.88
370.91
262.68
247.86
487.50
418.78
392.15

429.62
407.72
397.48
373.30
420.66
485.47
565.87
479.94
402.38
410.06
527.09
454.02
465.97

435.30
399.75
434.68
384.87
417.38
492.57
568.67
475.69
385.06
410.18
546.99
454.99
507.61

Arizona ...
Phoenix.
Tucson ..

See footnotes at end of table.

138




9.99
10.21

9.42
10.04
12.59
12.54

9.39
9.95
10.20
12.50
10.14
11.50

10.24

9.54

0
0

0
0

0
0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Indiana
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis

41.7
42.2
42.9

41.0
41.6
41.0

41.2
41.4
41.3

$10.56
13.16
10.93

$10.69
13.85
11.03

$10.78
13.88
10.86

$440.35
555.35
468.90

$438.29
576.16
452.23

$444.14
574.63
448.52

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

41.0
44.3
41.0
39.8
38.0

40.6
40.4
40.1
41.5
37.6

10.28
11.21
12.43
10.75
8.43

10.35
11.28
11.28
11.66
8.18

10.45
11.24
11.55
11.64
8.46

0

40.7
41.3
39.6
40.8
37.9

421.48
496.60
509.63
427.85
320.34

420.21
455.71
452.33
483.89
307.57

425.32
464.21
457.38
474.91
320.63

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.1
42.6
40.3

39.1
41.5
38.1

39.4
41.6
39.1

9.38
10.26
9.92

9.49
11.02
9.89

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.2
40.5
41.3

39.4
39.1
41.0

39.4
39.5
40.3

9.37
9.90
10.61

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.0
42.6
40.9
41.6

41.6
43.8
41.4
39.0

42.0
46.6
41.4
38.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.1
37.0
39.7

39.6
38.2
38.1

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

41.4
42.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

0

0

9.54
11.23
9.85

376.14
437.08
399.78

371.06
457.33
376.81

375.88
467.17
385.14

9.59
10.14
10.87

9.61
10.16
10.81

376.67
400.95
438.19

377.85
396.47
445.67

378.63
401.32
435.64

10.17
12.04
10.34
10.24

10.50
12.21
10.64
10.50

10.38
11.43
10.60
10.22

427.14
512.90
422.91
425.98

436.80
534.80
440.50
409.50

435.96
532.64
438.84
393.47

39.8
38.4
38.2

8.45
6.81
8.20

8.42
6.77
8.96

8.77
6.81
9.49

338.85
251.97
325.54

333.43
258.61
341.38

349.05
261.50
362.52

40.4
41.3

40.4
41.6

9.71
9.82

9.76
10.20

9.90
10.33

401.99
412.44

394.30
421.26

399.96
429.73

39.8
40.0
38.7
35.8
39.5
42.6
38.8
41.2
40.7

40.7
40.3
39.5
38.0
40.0
42.0
38.9
42.4
41.1

40.6
40.4
39.0
34.4
40.1
41.1
36.2
42.2
40.5

8.75
9.47
6.72
6.93
8.65
8.18
7.88
8.66
8.75

9.10
9.83
7.16
6.80
8.84
8.51
7.98
8.88
9.02

9.20
9.95
7.23
6.94
8.93
8.51
8.04
8.94
9.10

348.25
378.80
260.06
248.09
341.68
348.47
305.74
356.79
356.13

370.37
396.15
282.82
258.40
353.60
357.42
310.42
376.51
370.72

373.52
401.98
281.97
238.74
358.09
349.76
291.05
377.27
368.55

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland ....

41.7
45.9
39.3
43.6
41.8
39.1
41.5
40.0
43.1
37.5
39.5

43.5
44.3
42.2
44.6
44.3
41.0
41.8
44.4
43.2
40.4
43.9

42.6
43.5
40.2
44.5
42.7
39.2
40.6
43.7
42.3
38.7
41.5

12.42
13.76
13.09
12.99
14.37
10.32
9.85
11.28
14.30
11.27
14.18

12.66
13.16
12.75
13.64
14.26
10.99
10.01
12.03
14.56
11.23
13.93

12.74
13.36
12.97
13.74
14.31
10.84
9.74
11.91
14.46
11.32
14.07

517.91
631.58
514.44
566.36
600.67
403.51
408.77
451.20
616.33
422.63
560.11

550.71
582.99
538.05
608.34
631.72
450.59
418.42
534.13
628.99
453.69
611.53

542.72
581.16
521.39
611.43
611.04
424.93
395.44
520.47
611.66
438.08
583.90

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St Paul
St. Cloud

40.2
38.2
40.6
40.8

40.0
37.6
40.5
38.8

39.7
37.6
40.5
39.6

9.87
9.88
10.56
9.26

10.11
10.48
10.92
9.48

10.18
10.49
10.91
9.77

396.77
377.42
428.74
377.81

404.40
394.05
442.26
367.82

404.15
394.42
441.86
386.89

Mississippi
Jackson

40.8
41.5

40.6
41.8

40.8
41.2

7.02
7.77

7.26
8.24

7.33
8.18

286.42
322.46

294.76
344.43

299.06
337.02

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield

40.1
41.3
39.0
40.5
38.7

O

O
40.4
41.8

9.52
10.62
8.30
10.95
8.28

0

40.2
41.3
(1)
38.3

10.92
9.39

438.98
387.80

443.19
391.66

8.84

8.91

381.75
438.61
323.70
443.48
320.44

Montana

38.3

40.7

10.62

10.50

10.51

406.75

O

O
39.4
40.1

0

0

O
O

0

10.97
9.37

0

O

O

0
O

338.57

351.05

427.35

421.45

See footnotes at end of table.




139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1985P

Nebraska .
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

39.9
40.2
40.5

40.5
39.2
40.7

40.7
38.0
39.8

$8.88
9.23
9.35

$9.00
9.80
9.50

$9.07
9.90
9.54

$354.31
371.05
378.68

$364.50
384.16
386.65

$369.15
376.20
379.69

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.5
41.2

39.8
39.1

40.2
40.0

9.14
11.59

9.17
10.89

9.13
11.07

370.17
477.51

364.97
425.80

367.03
442.80

New Hampshire .
Manchester
Nashua

41.2
40.3
41.7

41.3
39.9
41.2

41.4
40.7
41.0

8.06
7.76
9.74

8.43
8.30
10.20

8.52
8.39
10.34

332.07
312.73
406.16

348.16
331.17
420.24

352.73
341.47
423.94

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Newark
Trenton

41.4
38.2
41.1
40.6
40.6
42.3
42.1
39.4

41.2
39.4
41.8
40.5
39.9
42.3
40.6
38.9

41.3
39.4
42.0
40.5
39.8
42.7
40.5
39.0

9.65
8.58
8.96
9.68
8.72
10.46
9.49
9.33

9.84
8.56
9.76
9.98
9.04
10.89
9.55
10.07

9.88
8.66
9.80
10.03
9.04
11.00
9.57
10.05

399.51
327.76
368.26
393.01
354.03
442.46
399.53
367.60

405.41
337.26
407.97
404.19
360.70
460.65
387.73
391.72

408.04
341.20
411.60
406.22
359.79
469.70
387.59
391.95

New Mexico...
Albuquerque .

40.2
39.3

39.7
40.1

40.4
40.0

8.17
8.17

8.19
8.53

8.44
8.15

328.43
321.08

325.14
342.05

340.98
326.00

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.2
40.0
41.4
42.4
41.7
40.1
42.5
40.8
38.0
37.7
41.8
40.1
43.6
42.6
40.2
41.4
41.4
40.9

40.1
40.9
40.3
41.9
39.8
40.1
42.2
40.8
37.8
37.3
42.8
39.3
42.4
42.1
• 42.9
40.7
40.8
40.4

40.3
41.2
40.6
42.3
40.6
41.2
42.5
40.4
38.0
37.6
43.3
39.3
43.0
42.2
42.4
40.5
42.3
39.5

9.33
9.61
8.23
11.76
9.10
9.50
12.08
9.26
8.64
8.55
11.97
7.03
8.43
11.05
9.53
10.59
8.63
9.08

9.73
9.81
8.66
12.17
9.15
9.45
12.86
9.57
8.87
8.65
12.72
7.36
8.72
11.79
9.11
10.92
8.60
10.56

9.76
9.79
8.72
12.18
9.21
9.58
12.90
9.55
8.97
8.79
12.75
7.36
8.77
11.90
9.13
11.02
8.63
10.40

375.07
384.40
340.72
498.62
379.47
380.95
513.40
377.81
328.32
322.34
500.35
281.90
367.55
470.73
383.11
438.43
357.28
371.37

390.17
401.23
349.00
509.92
364.17
378.95
542.69
390.46
335.29
322.65
544.42
289.25
369.73
496.36
390.82
444.44
350.88
426.62

393.33
403.35
354.03
515.21
373.93
394.70
548.25
385.82
340.86
330.50
552.08
289.25
377.11
502.18
387.11
446.31
365.05
410.80

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham

39.8
41.9
40.2
39.9
41.2

40.4
41.5
40.5
39.4
40.1

40.6
41.5
41.1
39.8
40.7

7.15
7.22
7.20
8.00
8.17

7.33
7.37
7.45
8.09
8.38

7.36
7.47
7.49
8.08
8.42

284.57
302.52
289.44
319.20
336.60

296.13
305.86
301.73
318.75
336.04

298.82
310.01
307.84
321.58
342.69

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .

38.7
36.4

38.9
38.2

39.5
39.1

7.91
8.20

8.04
8.41

8.12
8.45

306.12
298.48

312.76
321.26

320.74
330.40

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

42.6
44.2
40.6
42.7
42.5
41.2
41.5
43.5
42.3

42.2
42.1
40.1
41.7
41.6
41.0
42.6
43.0
44.4

42.4
42.5
40.7
42.2
41.8
41.7
43.2
42.7
44.5

11.12
10.85
10.83
10.81
11.10
10.71
10.64
11.87
12.75

11.43
11.02
11.03
10.60
11.24
10.86
11.96
12.51
13.28

11.47
11.07
11.12
10.71
11.29
10.91
12.06
12.42
13.44

473.71
479.57
439.70
461.59
471.75
441.25
441.56
516.35
539.33

482.35
463.94
442.30
442.02
467.58
445.26
509.50
537.93
589.63

486.33
470.48
452.58
451.96
471.92
454.95
520.99
530.33
598.08

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

42.1
43.1
40.6

41.2
40.4
39.3

42.2
42.4
40.1

9.71
10.30
10.48

9.78
10.54
10.15

9.99
11.01
10.38

408.79
443.93
425.49

402.94
425.82
398.90

421.58
466.82
416.24

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

38.4
38.6
39.3
35.3

39.4
40.4
38.9
38.7

38.8
40.0
39.3
35.4

10.40
10.83
10.25
8.54

10.34
10.78
10.52
7.99

10.50
10.79
10.51
8.84

399.36
418.04
402.83
301.46

407.40
435.51
409.23
309.21

407.40
431.60
413.04
312.94

See footnotes at end of table.

140




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

40.6
39.6
39.9
40.4
41.0
42.7
39.7
37.0
39.9
41.0
41.3
41.2
38.5
40.1
41.7

40.0
39.3
38.9
38.1
40.3
42.0
39.6
38.3
40.0
40.3
41.0
40.5
37.7
40.4
41.1

40.3
39.4
39.0
39.5
40.5
42.2
40.6
37.5
40.4
40.5
41.3
40.7
38.1
40.6
41.2

$9.39
10.11
8.25
11.33
9.87
10.04
8.92
8.56
8.75
9.84
10.74
9.64
7.96
8.36
8.68

$9.57
10.20
8.22
11.49
10.03
10.20
9.12
8.22
9.23
10.02
11.00
9.71
8.06
8.65
8.86

$9.65
10.17
8.21
11.64
10.19
10.26
9.28
8.10
9.31
10.16
11.00
9.76
8.21
8.74
8.99

$381.23
400.36
329.18
457.73
404.67
428.71
354.12
316.72
349.13
403.44
443.56
397.17
306.46
335.24
361.96

$382.80
400.86
319.76
437.77
404.21
428.40
361.15
314.83
369.20
403.81
451.00
393.26
303.86
349.46
364.15

$388.90
400.70
320.19
459.78
412.70
432.97
376.77
303.75
376.12
411.48
454.30
397.23
312.80
354.84
370.39

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.6
39.5
40.9

40.5
40.7
41.5

40.9
40.4
41.6

7.36
6.89
7.55

7.66
7.21
7.77

7.71
7.24
7.81

298.82
272.16
308.80

310.23
293.45
322.46

315.34
292.50
324.90

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.0
43.9
40.6
40.6

40.9
45.1
40.6
41.6

41.3
45.0
40.7
41.9

7.39
8.69
7.41
7.27

7.62
9.39
7.61
7.42

7.67
9.41
7.68
7.45

302.99
381.49
300.85
295.16

311.66
423.49
308.97
308.67

316.77
423.45
312.58
312.16

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

42.8
48.6

40.3
38.4

38.2
37.8

7.26
6.93

7.35
7.05

7.48
7.01

310.73
336.80

296.21
270.72

285.74
264.98

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

40.7
41.2
40.6
40.5
41.3

40.9
41.8
41.1
42.6
39.9

41.1
41.8
41.8
42.7
40.7

8.11
7.36
8.62
8.46
9.15

8.27
7.50
8.77
8.80
9.03

8.33
7.57
8.69
8.74
9.16

330.08
303.23
343.08
342.63
377.90

338.24
313.50
360.45
374.88
360.30

342.36
316.43
363.24
373.20
372.81

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

41.6
41.1
41.9
43.8
40.2

41.4
41.6
41.5
42.6
41.1

41.6
41.6
41.6
42.6
40.8

9.09
8.74
8.73
10.93
6.90

9.41
9.18
9.51
11.05
7.23

9.46
9.26
9.54
11.17
7.20

378.14
359.21
365.79
478.73
277.38

389.57
381.89
394.67
470.73
297.15

393.54
385.22
396.86
475.84
293.76

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.4
40.6

40.4
39.4

40.8
39.7

9.13
8.66

9.45
9.32

9.56
9.36

368.85
351.60

381.78
367.21

390.05
371.59

Vermont
Burlington
Springfield

40.2
42.6
40.2

41.1
42.5
40.5

41.0
42.6
41.0

8.22
9.10
8.25

8.48
9.20
8.51

8.62
9.29
8.47

330.44
387.66
331.65

348.53
391.00
344.66

353.42
395.75
347.27

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.4
39.8
39.2
39.5
39.7

40.5
36.4
40.2
40.3
40.3

41.1
37.2
40.7
41.0
39.6

332.49
272.23
272.44
290.72
315.62

0

O

40.5
39.8
41.7

40.8
39.7
42.6

348.71
273.36
285.82
317.16
325.22
O
366.53
448.15
317.34

357.57
275.65
287.75
324.72
324.72

41.5
41.3
42.2

8.61
7.51
7.11
7.87
8.07
O
9.05
11.26
7.61

8.70
7.41
7.07
7.92
8.20

O

8.23
6.84
6.95
7.36
7.95
O
8.50
10.94
7.49

0

0

O

Washington

0

0

0
9.00
11.34
7.89

0

O
352.75
451.82
316.08

0

0

O
367.20
450.20
336.11

0

See footnotes at end of table.




141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland .
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

39.6
43.0
40.1
40.0
40.3

39.5
41.1
37.9
41.5
41.8

40.6
42.4
39.0
42.7
41.4

$10.14
12.44
11.21
11.24
11.89

$10.31
12.65
11.38
11.86
11.74

$10.37
13.20
11.59
11.91
11.72

$401.54
534.92
449.52
449.60
479.17

$407.25
519.92
431.30
492.19
490.73

$421.02
559.68
452.01
508.56
485.21

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh ...
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

40.2
42.3
41.7
40.7
38.3
38.9
38.8
40.1
40.1
39.0
39.3
42.4

41.1
43.2
42.0
42.8
43.0
39.3
39.5
40.7
40.8
40.1
39.8
41.6

41.8
43.9
41.2
42.9
44.3
39.1
40.1
41.1
41.8
39.8
40.0
41.6

10.02
9.83
9.85
10.71
11.55
11.79
8.81
9.39
11.24
10.77
9.72

10.27
10.10
10.26
11.04
12.33
11.97
8.95
9.65
11.50
10.61
9.34

10.40
10.25
10.16
11.33
12.40
11.96
9.06
9.65
11.62
10.84
9.35

402.80
415.81
410.74
435.90
442.36
458.63
341.83
376.54
450.72
420.03
382.00
400.26

422.10
436.32
430.92
472.51
530.19
470.42
353.53
392.76
469.20
425.46
371.73
406.85

434.72
449.98
418.59
486.06
549.32
467.64
363.31
396.62
485.72
431.43
374.00
404.35

9.44

9.78

9.72

Wyoming

40.9

38.4

35.8
8.83

9.55

9.32

361.15

366.72

333.66

5.06

5.15

5.13

197.85

186.43

196.99

8.95

9.41

9.77

379.48

387.69

430.86

Puerto Rico

39.1

Virgin Islands

42.4

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of

p

142




36.2
41.2

38.4
44.1

this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March
1984 benchmarks.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Dec. 1984
to
Dec. 1985P

Oct. 1985
to
Nov. 1985r

Nov. 1985
to
Dec. 1985P

185,758

3.0

0.1

0.1

151,959

152,804

2.8

2,151
9,360
40,846
24,578
16,268
10,977
11,706
27,013
11,356
38,435

2,145
9,222
40,905
24,604
16,301
11,002
11,707
27,067
11,385
38,526

2,156
9,191
41,282
24,804
16,478
11,099
11,815
26,790
11,610
38,861

-2.4
4.9
-.2

-.3
-1.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
.0
.2
.3
.2

.5
-.3
.9
.8
1.1

33,560

33,556

32,954

3.7

Oct.
1985r

Nov.
1985r

Dec.
1985P

185,405

185,514

151,845

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

-1.0
1.0
3.3
3.9
1.6
5.1
5.8

.9
.9
-1.0
2.0
.9
-1.8

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1,
chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

143

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average
1983

Item
1983

1984

1985

1984
IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

103.7
111.0
107.1
161.7
98.4
156.0
145.5
152.4

107.0
120.8
112.9
168.6
98.4
157.6
157.0
157.4

102.2
106.9
104.7
160.2
99.0
156.8
139.8
151.0

103.6
110.1
106.2
161.0
98.5
155.4
144.6
151.7

104.3
112.5
107.9
161.8
97.9
155.1
147.9
152.7

104.7
114.7
109.5
164.2
98.4
156.8
149.1
154.2

105.7
117.8
111.4
166.7
98.6
157.7
151.6
155.6

107.0
121.0
113.0
167.5
98.2
156.5
157.2
156.7

107.2
121.5
113.4
169.3
98.3
158.0
158.5
158.1

108.0
123.0
113.9
171.1
98.5
158.4
160.2
159.0

106.9
123.0
115.0
173.1
98.9
161.9
159.1
160.9

107.3
123.8
115.4
174.5
98.6
162.6
159.9
161.7

108.3
125.0
115.4
176.8
99.4
163.2
160.5
162.3

103.4
111.2
107.5
162.0
98.6
156.6
147.0
153.4

106.2
120.7
113.6
168.7
98.4
158.8
156.9
158.2

101.6
106.7
105.1
160.1
99.0
157.6
140.6
151.9

103.6
110.4
106.5
161.5
98.8
155.9
146.4
152.7

104.1
112.7
108.2
162.4
98.3
155.9
149.4
153.8

104.4
115.2
110.3
164.0
98.3
157.1
151.4
155.2

105.2
118.0
112.3
166.5
98.4
158.3
152.2
156.3

106.6
121.0
113.6
168.0
98.4
157.6
156.8
157.3

106.3
121.3
114.1
169.5
98.4
159.5
158.0
159.0

106.9
122.7
114.8
171.0
98.5
160.0
160.3
160.1

106.0
122.8
115.8
173.1
98.9
163.3
160.3
162.3

106.3
123.6
116.2
174.6
98.7
164.1
161.8
163.4

106.9
124.8
116.7
176.2
99.0
164.8
163.0
164.2

111.6
104.4
93.5
163.4
99.4
146.4

115.6
115.3

110.0

110.9
102.4
92.4
163.0
99.6
147.0

113.0
106.8

112.7
109.2
96.9
164.6
98.6
146.1

114.2
113.0

116.7
116.7
100.0
169.9
98.7
145.5

116.5
116.7
100.2
172.1
99.1
147.7

116.7
117.0
100.3
174.4
99.6
149.5

118.6
117.6
99.1
176.5
99.7
148.8

119.7
118.5

98.9
167.1
98.8
146.3

114.8
114.9
100.1
168.3
98.6
146.6

111.5
102.6

109.3

110.5
99.9
90.4
162.2
99.2

113.0
105.3

115.3
114.1
98.9
165.8
98.1
143.8

116.1
116.6
100.4
167.0
97.8
143.8

118.3
119.4
101.0
168.1
97.6
142.1

117.7
119.5
101.5
170.1
97.9
144.4

118.2
119.8
101.4
172.9
98.7
146.3

120.0
120.1
100.1
175.0
98.9
145.8

121.0
120.7

92.0
162.5
98.9
145.8

116.9
117.4
100.4
167.7
97.9
143.5

111.9
107.1
95.7
165.6
100.7
148.0

113.6
112.3
98.9
171.9
100.3
151.4

106.1
112.6
106.2
161.0
97.9
155.2
151.8
164.9
117.2
150.9

108.5
122.8
113.2
166.6
97.2
156.4
153.6
164.3
147.6
155.4

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

99.8
169.4
98.8
146.5

99.2
90.2
162.7

100.6
147.9

94.6
163.5
98.9
144.7

99.1
177.8
99.9
148.6

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

146.8

98.4
143.8

113.0
108.9
96.4
163.4
97.9
144.5

111.1
103.6
93.3
164.5
101.7
148.1

111.4
106.1
95.3
165.1
101.0
148.2

112.9
109.1
96.6
165.7
100.3
146.8

112.2
109.5
97.6
167.1
100.1
149.0

112.5
111.4
99.0
169.5
100.2
150.6

112.9
112.3
99.5
170.6
100.0
151.2

114.4
112.8
98.6
172.7
100.3
151.1

114.7
112.7
98.2
175.1
100.8
152.7

114.3
112.8
98.7
176.6
100.8
154.5

116.5
113.9
97.8
178.6
101.0
153.4

117.6
115.2
98.0
179.4
100.8
152.6

104.0
107.5
103.4
159.2
98.4
156.7
153.1
167.0
92.5
149.4

105.8
111.4
105.2
160.6
98.2
155.2
151.7
165.1
111.8
150.2

107.2
114.7
106.9
161.8
97.9
154.4
150.9
164.4
126.6
151.2

107.2
117.0
109.2
162.6
97.4
154.7
151.7
163.3
135.9
152.6

108.1
120.2
111.2
164.8
97.5
155.0
152.5
162.0
143.2
153.6

108.9
123.1
113.1
165.8
97.2
155.0
152.3
162.8
151.1
154.6

108.2
123.1
113.8
167.1
97.1
157.5
154.5
165.9
145.3
156.1

108.8
124.7
114.6
168.7
97.1
158.0
155.0
166.4
150.7
157.1

108.1
124.9
115.5
170.3
97.3
160.2
157.5
168.1
150.4
159.1

108.1
125.5
116.1
171.6
97.0
161.6
158.8
169.8
148.9
160.2

109.2
127.1
116.3
173.0
97.2
161.1
158.3
168.8
160.1
160.9

96.3
88.1
162.2
100.2
148.4

93.2
162.5

99.8
176.7
99.3
146.0

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nonfinanciai corporations1
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour..
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

Third quarter 1985 measures for the nonfinanciai corporate sector are
preliminary.

144




SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

II
1984

1984

IV
1984

I
1985

1985

1985

1984

1984

4.9
11.2
6.0
1.9
-1.8
-2.9
15.4
2.9

0.6
1.8
1.2
4.4
.7
3.7
3.4
3.6

3.1
5.0
1.8
4.4
.8
1.2
4.3
2.2

-3.9
.0
4.1
4.8
1.4
9.1
-2.6
5.0

1.5
2.7
1.2
3.3
-.9
1.7
2.1
1.8

3.7
3.9
.2
5.4
3.0
1.6
1.4
1.5

3.3
9.9
6.4
4.0
-.3
.7
8.7
3.3

5.5
10.6
4.8
3.7
.0
-1.7
12.5
2.8

-1.1
.7
1.8
3.6
-.1
4.7
3.1
4.2

2.2
4.7
2.4
3.7
.1
1.4
5.9
2.9

-3.1
.5
3.7
5.0
1.7
8.4
.1
5.5

1.2
2.5
1.3
3.4
-.8
2.1
3.7
2.7

2.1
3.9
1.8
3.7
1.3
1.6
3.1
2.1

2.2
6.9
4.6
2.9
-.8
.7

6.8
6.5
-.2
3.7
.1
-2.8

-.6
.0
.7
5.2
1.6
5.9

.4
.9
.4
5.6
2.2
5.1

6.8
2.0
-4.5
4.8
.6
-1.9

3.7
3.3
-.3
3.0
.6
-.7

2.8
9.2
6.2
2.8
-.9
.0

7.6
9.9
2.1
2.6

1.5
1.2
-.4
6.9
3.5
5.3

6.2
.7
-5.2
4.9
.7

3.5
2.3
-1.2
3.8

-1.0
-4.6

-1.8
.3
2.1
4.9
1.3
6.8

1.2
3.6
2.4
2.7
-1.0
1.5

5.4
1.5
-3.7
5.1
1.4
-.3

1.1
-.4
-1.5
5.5
1.9
4.3

-1.3
.4

2.8
9.8
6.8
2.4
-1.3
.2
-.4
2.0

-2.5
.2
2.8
3.2
-.4
6.5
5.9
8.0

23.8
2.6

-14.5

2.5
5.2
2.6
3.7
.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
16.0
2.7

IV
1984

I
1985

1985

1985

2.7
8.0
5.1
4.6
.4
1.9
7.1
3.6

3.2
7.3
4.0
4.2
.1
1.0
7.4
3.1

1.1
4.4
3.2
3.8
.3
2.7
4.9
3.4

0.3
2.4
2.1
4.2
.5
3.9
1.8
3.2

1.1
2.9
1.8
4.5
1.1
3.3
1.2
2.6

2.9
9.7
6.6
4.0
-.3
1.1
7.1
3.0

2.1
7.6
5.4
4.4
.2
2.3
5.7
3.4

2.4
6.5
4.0
4.3
.2
1.9
5.9
3.2

.8
4.0
3.2
4.0
.4
3.1
5.3
3.8

-.2
2.1
2.3
3.9
.2
4.1
3.2
3.8

.6
2.9
2.3
3.9
.6
3.3
3.2
3.3

3.6
12.2
8.3

3.3
9.3
5.8
3.9
-.3

3.4
7.0
3.4
4.5
.4
1.0

2.1
3.5
1.4
4.4
.8
2.2

3.3
2.3
-.9
4.8
1.1
1.5

2.5
1.5
-1.0
4.6
1.2
2.1

4.6
13.4

2.5
5.0
2.5
4.3
.7
1.8

3.3
2.9
-.4
4.8
1.1
1.4

2.3
1.1
-1.2
5.1
1.7
2.7

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

3.3
-1.0
-.3

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

-1.3

2.9
-1.4
-2.0

-1.2

4.2
9.7
5.3
4.1
.0
-.1

1.7
-.7
-2.1

1.3
5.9
4.5
3.3
-1.0
2.0

1.3
3.4
2.1
4.3
.1
2.9

2.2
2.9
.7
4.8
.7
2.5

1.6
1.3
-.3
4.2
.6
2.6

3.2
1.4
-1.8
4.7
1.0
1.5

2.8
2.2
-.6
3.9
.5
1.0

4.5
5.2
.7
3.3
.9
-1.4
-1.1
-2.4
33.7
1.9

2.9
10.5
7.5
3.3
-1.0
-.1
.4
-1.4
35.2
2.9

.9
7.4
6.4
3.3
-.9
2.0
2.4
.9
14.7
3.2

1.6
6.6
5.0
3.8
-.3
2.1
2.2
1.9
10.9
3.0

.0
3.9
3.9
3.3
-.2
3.4
3.3
3.8
5.0
3.6

-.7
2.0
2.7
3.5
-.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
-1.5
3.6

1.0
3.2
2.2
3.5
.1
2.3
2.5
1.7
10.2
3.1

1.4
.3

5.1
16.7
11.1

8.4
3.4
-.8

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour.
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour..
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

4.9

-2.8

-2.5
.6
3.3
3.9
.6
5.9
6.6
4.0

-.3
1.9
2.2
3.0
-1.2
3.5
3.3
4.3

-1.0
5.1

-3.9
2.7

3.9
4.9
.9

1

3.9

Third quarter 1985 measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector
are preliminary.




1.7
3.5
.2

7.8
3.9
-3.6
4.8
.6

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

145

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

1,801.5
402.1
120.4
201.0
134.1
58.8

1,807.3
404.4
125.1
200.1
135.3
60.2

Nov.
1985?

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985?

7.9
6.5
5.2
8.5
6.2
6.5

7.8
6.3
5.4
8.3
6.3
6.3

1,807.7
405.9
125.9
201.3
136.0
60.7

192.3
38.7

7.6
22.6
11.4
5.3

142.6
26.4
6.5
17.1
8.4
3.9

141.1
25.5
6.8
16.7
8.5
3.8

10.7
9.6
6.3
11.2
8.5
9.0

243.1

247.5

243.4

25.1

22.8

24.9

10.3

9.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,477.2
939.6
267.2

1,474.6
937.2
266.9

1,490.3
947.3
271.3

62.0
30.0
10.6

94.9
47.8
14.4

94.9
48.0
15.2

4.2
3.2
4.0

6.4
5.1
5.4

6.4
5.1
5.6

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,054.2
50.6
83.2
235.3
38.6

1,102.7
52.7

1,081.1
84.5
240.4
40.1

15.8
3.4

95.4
2.5
6.8
17.1
3.5

101.4
2.4

85.2
243.6
40.9

93.5
2.7
6.5

8.9
5.3
7.8
6.7
8.9

8.7
4.7
8.0
7.0
8.6

9.4
4.7
8.1
6.9
9.0

12,654.7
1,310.0
215.4
283.2
3,906.0
135.0
926.3
271.5
673.2
581.2
146.4
890.1
855.8
888.2
169.7
159.1
174.6
143.9

12,891.4
1,317.9
218.8
282.8
4,015.0
138.4
949.3
278.5
685.0
588.0
151.1
911.9
853.4
889.5
168.6
162.5
186.9
148.6

12,736.8
1,323.9
216.8
280.9
3,909.0
136.3
949.8
278.1
683.9
588.3
149.0
914.9
854.4
882.8
168.2
158.7
176.5
144.9

902.2
48.8
24.9
36.8
279.0
20.3
57.6
21.9
51.0
44.9
15.9
47.2
38.7
38.5
9.6
10.0
24.1
11.8

923.3
57.0
27.1
35.5
279.0
19.2
63.3
24.4
56.1
41.0
13.3
49.8
42.4
52.9
9.0
10.2
22.0
11.4

841.7
48.0
24.0
34.6
256.0
18.7
54.5
20.6
47.2
38.5
15.8
44.0
36.5
45.2
8.5
9.5
22.2
10.4

7.1
3.7
11.6
13.0
7.1
15.1
6.2
8.1
7.6
7.7

7.2
4.3
12.4

11.1

13.8
8.2

13.8
6.7
8.7
8.2
7.0
8.8
5.5
5.0
5.9
5.3
6.3
11.7
7.7

Colorado
Denver-Boulder LMA

1,719.7
1,040.2

1,738.2
1,046.4

1,722.6
1,036.1

89.1
46.9

96.4
51.2

106.6
55.6

5.2
4.5

5.5
4.9

6.2
5.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,701.6
223.4
411.3
72.7
252.4
130.5
103.2

1,722.7
225.2
416.6
72.7
256.8
133.3
103.9

1,725.8
225.7
417.8
72.8
257.7
133.5
104.3

71.3
10.7
16.1
3.7

79.3

73.0
11.9
15.5
3.5

5.1

12.8
16.9
3.7
11.9
4.2
6.8

3.9
6.0

4.2
4.8
3.9
5.1
4.5
2.6
4.9

4.6
5.7
4.1
5.1
4.6
3.1
6.5

4.2
5.3
3.7
4.8
4.2
3.0
5.8

312.5
275.1

317.6
278.6

319.3
276.9

16.4
14.5

13.6
12.2

13.8
12.1

5.2
5.3

4.3
4.4

4.3
4.4

District of Columbia
Washington

319.9
1,994.9

320.5
2,047.9

320.0
2,055.3

26.8
73.9

27.9
80.5

27.0
79.5

8.4
3.7

8.7
3.9

8.4
3.9

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,153.8
125.4
541.8
116.9
94.3
378.3
156.2
141.2
862.3
458.7
143.7
92.6
108.2
841.2
331.7

5,263.0
131.3
550.7
120.6
94.4
400.8
154.3
144.3
860.7
472.4
140.8
92.1
111.5
867.2
340.9

5,265.6
130.7
551.1
123.2
93.9
400.5
155.8
145.3
854.8
473.3
140.3
91.3
111.1
863.8
340.9

320.8
6.4
26.6
5.9
3.3
20.0

279.5
5.4
23.8
5.0
2.7

289.9
6.2
23.9
4.3

19.2
16.3
6.4
57.4
20.5
6.6
3.5
3.6
36.6
20.8

21.5

6.2
5.1
4.9
5.1
3.5
5.3
11.5
4.8
7.9
5.0
8.2
4.1
4.2
4.9
5.7

5.3
4.1
4.3
4.1
2.9
4.8
10.6
4.4
6.7
4.3
4.7
3.8
3.3
4.2
6.1

5.5
4.8
4.3
3.5
3.3
5.4
10.2
4.9
6.4
4.8
5.5
4.0
4.0
4.6
5.5

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

146




51.5

11.3
3.4

18.0
6.8

67.9
23.0
11.8
3.8
4.6

41.3
18.9

6.9
16.5
3.6

10.8

3.1
15.8
7.2

54.9
22.8
7.8
3.7
4.4
39.9
18.6

10.9
5.3
4.5
4.3
5.6
6.3

12.6
6.9

6.6
3.6
12.3
6.6
13.7
5.7
7.4
6.9
6.6
10.6
4.8
4.3
5.1
5.0
6.0
12.6
7.2

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985*

2,828.3
54.5

2,859.5
53.4
67.6
1,285.7
143.7

115.2
98.3

2,878.6
54.2
67.4
1,281.3
145.3
91.9
114.0
97.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

475.7
362.9

Idaho
Boise City

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985?

91.6
112.9
97.0

157.1
3.9
3.4
54.0
9.1
8.1
7.6
6.5

192.6
5.3
3.9
67.8
11.7
8.0
9.3
7.8

174.4
5.2
4.4
62.0
10.1
7.7
8.1
6.8

5.6
7.2
5.0
4.3
6.5
8.5
6.6
6.7

6.7
9.9
5.8
5.3
8.0
8.7
8.1
8.0

6.1
9.7
6.5
4.8
7.1
8.4
7.2
7.0

477.3
361.6

479.6
364.5

27.2
19.8

26.3
18.1

27.0
18.6

5.7
5.5

5.5
5.0

5.6
5.1

458.4
100.7

481.7
103.9

468.6
104.5

30.7
4.7

28.2
4.8

35.5
5.9

6.7
4.7

5.9
4.6

7.6
5.7

5,653.7
165.9
62.6
81.9

5,727.3
164.0
62.7
83.2
3,144.0

5,680.7
165.4
62.6
83.2
3,121.5

457.2
10.5
3.9
4.5
227.4

525.1
12.3
3.4
4.0
274.0

512.2
12.9

9.2
7.5
5.4
4.8

174.7

18.2

60.2
183.9
42.6
238.5
156.7
138.5
101.5

60.1
186.2
42.8
246.0
154.2
141.3
102.2

60.3
185.4
42.8
245.4
152.8
139.9
101.8

22.1
5.5
13.4
4.6
11.7
14.6
11.5
6.1

8.7
10.5
11.0
8.2
11.5

9.0
7.8
6.6
5.4
8.1

173.7

4.1
4.5
253.3
18.3
6.7
14.7
5.1
14.4
16.5
14.4
7.6

8.1
6.3
6.2
5.5
7.4
12.5
9.2
7.3
10.8
4.9
9.3
8.3
6.0

5.9
11.0
10.7
6.6

11.2
7.9
11.9
5.9
10.8
10.3
7.4

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,652.7
56.5
85.5
138.7

2,801.8
58.8
90.5
143.1
187.7
268.8

2,786.5
58.3

54.8
127.8
63.3

58.2
134.3

66.9

199.4
3.9
6.0
10.6
10.7
28.7
37.7
2.9
4.8
8.0
4.5

8.2
8.4
7.1
8.2
6.7
14.7
6.2
4.2
8.8
6.6
8.0

6.8
6.5
6.0
7.1
5.4
10.4
5.5
3.7
7.4
6.0
6.5

7.2
6.7
6.6
7.4
5.7
10.8
5.7
4.1
8.2
5.9
6.8

Iowa

1,410.8
84.0
197.6
42.7
51.6
54.3
71.6

104.5
5.8
12.0
3.3
1.3
4.5
8.5

6.4
6.0
4.8
7.6
2.9
6.1
11.1

6.5
6.2
6.3
7.0
2.6
7.3
11.3

7.4
6.8
6.0
7.8
2.6
8.1
12.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

4.6
3.2
5.0
5.4

5.2
3.9
5.4
5.4

9.3
5.0
7.7
10.7

10.0
5.4
8.0
11.5

10.9

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

68.3
1,253.4
141.0

95.3

3,090.7
176.9

6.6
15.2
4.9
14.4
16.9
15.1
6.7

10.5

190.4
3.8
5.4
10.1

134.2
65.y

217.0
4.7
6.1
11.4
11.9
39.1
38.7
2.8
4.8
8.4
5.0

1,423.4
84.0
200.2
42.8
50.0
55.3
69.2

1,418.4
85.1
200.6
43.0
50.3
55.8
69.2

90.5
5.1
9.5
3.3
1.5
3.3
8.0

92.4
5.2

1,206.2
35.5
84.5
228.1

1,256.1
37.8

62.9
1.5
4.5
13.4

58.4
1.2
4.4
12.9

64.1
1.5
4.7

236.6

1,243.8
38.4
87.8
235.0

12.7

5.2
4.2
5.3
5.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,736.4
198.1
463.5
46.8

1,728.0
197.3
461.8
44.5

1,711.1
193.9
460.4
43.8

151.3
7.2
37.2

160.3

3.9

9.8
35.7
4.8

171.4
10.5
37.0
5.1

8.7
3.7
8.0
8.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,938.0
62.4
254.0
86.1
112.3
75.8
62.5
572.0

1,983.2
64.2
264.2
83.5
110.1
73.7
64.7

186.5
5.0

221.4
5.7

21.4

26.8

8.1

164.1

8.9
5.5
54.6
11.2

9.2
10.4
10.0
6.0
64.0
16.0

218.1
5.6
26.1
8.8
9.8

160.7

2,025.8
65.6
266.5
85.7
113.0
75.2
65.7
583.8
168.8

9.6
6.1
61.3
17.1

9.6
7.9
8.4
9.4
8.3
11.7
8.8
9.6
7.0

9.5

11.0
8.8
9.9
10.6
8.9
13.0
9.4
10.7
10.4

548.0
42.0
104.6

545.7
41.5
104.3

536.7
41.2
103.4

29.3
2.7
3.6

21.1
2.0
2.5

24.5
2.4
2.8

5.3
6.3
3.4

3.9
4.9
2.4

4.6
5.8
2.7

2,282.7
1,111.2

2,289.7
1,104.0

2,302.0
1,110.6

115.6
66.9

101.8
59.8

103.7
59.7

5.1
6.0

4.4
5.4

4.5
5.4

Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Maryland
Baltimore

176.4
266.2
622.0
65.9

662.9
69.6

87.7

90.6
143.0
187.4
266.8
661.5

69.3
58.4

574.1

9.3

10.2
28.1
36.4

2.6
4.3
8.0
4.4

12.6
3.0
1.3
4.1
7.8

8.7
10.1
10.8

9.2
13.3
9.2
11.0

See footnotes at end of table.




147

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

109.6
47.5
3.5
4.6
1.8
7.8
4.9
5.0
1.6
10.0
6.8

3.4
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.2
4.3
2.9
6.0
3.8
3.8
3.2

3.3
2.9
3.7
5.9
4.0
4.0
3.5
5.7
2.9
3.3
3.2

3.6
3.1
3.9
6.4
4.1
4.0
3.2
6.3
3.3
3.7
3.3

415.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

391.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

10.7
6.6
11.1
11.8
10.2
11.8
9.6
12.6
7.5
7.7
11.8
13.6

9.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

8.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

136.9
12.5
57.4
2.9
6.6

118.2
9.3
57.8
2.4
5.0

143.6
11.0
64.0
3.0
7.1

6.0
11.3
4.4
4.9
8.1

5.3
9.2
4.5
3.8
6.2

6.4
10.7
4.9
4.7
8.6

1,126.2
189.5

110.0
11.3

107.2
13.2

106.8
13.7

10.2
6.4

9.4
7.0

9.5
7.2

2,515.7
763.6
41.0
1,201.9
122.6

2,489.9
762.2
40.6
1,198.8
122.0

153.5
37.1
3.3
82.2
5.8

145.5
34.8
2.7
84.5
5.5

146.8
36.5
2.6
83.1
5.5

6.5
5.0
7.7
7.0
4.9

5.8
4.6
6.5
7.0
4.5

5.9
4.8
6.4
6.9
4.5

394.9

26.8

27.2

31.3

6.6

6.8

7.9

51.1
4.7
19.2

3.7
2.4
4.2

5.0
3.4
5.6

6.2
4.0
6.1

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,085.7
1,523.4
90.7
74.6
45.3
191.2
157.5
82.8
48.8
274.0
205.5

3,049.6
1,523.5
89.1
70.7
42.4
195.4
152.5
78.0
47.7
267.6
200.9

3,067.5
1,534.7
89.9
71.5
43.1
196.0
153.9
79.0
47.5
268.9
202.9

104.5
41.7
3.4
4.6
2.4
8.2
4.6
5.0
1.9
10.4
6.6

101.2
44.0
3.3
4.2
1.7
7.9
5.4
4.4
1.4
8.8
6.3

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson

4,371.3
150.7
63.3
71.2
2,071.9
194.6
346.3
64.4
112.8
225.6
67.6
186.3

4,352.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

4,389.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

467.7
10.0
7.1
8.4
211.1
23.0
33.1
8.1
8.5
17.4
8.0
25.4

2,269.8
110.3
1,297.0
60.6
81.8

2,246.8
101.9
1,287.8
62.8
81.1

2,248.6
102.7
1,294.7
63.4
82.0

1,079.3
178.1

1,142.0
189.7

2,373.7
739.3
42.4
1,170.0
118.0

Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985^

402.5

400.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

801.2
114.2
302.8

820.7
115.0
310.9

828.5
116.8
314.2

30.0
2.8
12.6

41.1
3.9
17.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

503.2
282.3
138.0

504.8
283.2
137.7

504.6
282.8
137.9

36.3
22.0
7.9

38.5
24.2
8.0

41.5
23.8
10.2

7.2
7.8
5.7

7.6
8.5
5.8

8.2
8.4
7.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua

527.0
88.6
95.9

540.2
87.8
95.7

540.0
88.5
96.5

17.1
1.9
2.1

13.9
1.8
2.6

14.4
1.8
2.6

3.2
2.1
2.2

2.6
2.0
2.7

2.7
2.0
2.7

3,752.6
169.0
724.4
240.4
539.6
411.5
918.6
162.5
54.3

3,836.9
181.0
736.0
242.2
558.1
435.7
929.1
166.3
53.1

3,874.0
181.0
744.5
244.9
562.6
436.6
938.3
168.8
54.4

201.9
14.6
35.1
23.1
20.6
19.3
50.9
6.8
6.7

209.8
14.6
35.8
21.9
23.5
19.5
57.1
7.3
4.9

217.2
16.5
36.0
22.3
23.2
20.9
57.5
7.3
6.3

5.4
8.7
4.8
9.6
3.8
4.7
5.5
4.2
12.3

5.5
8.1
4.9
9.1
4.2
4.5
6.1
4.4
9.2

5.6
9.1
4.8
9.1
4.1
4.8
6.1
4.3
11.5

638.0
238.8
44.9

656.7
248.7
46.5

653.4
248.9
46.4

44.9
13.6
3.1

57.8
16.9
4.3

55.9
16.3
3.9

7.0
5.7
6.8

8.8
6.8
9.2

8.6
6.5
8.3

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
See footnotes at end of table.

148




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

519.0
20.1
7.8
30.6
3.0
3.8
60.8
262.9
238.0
6.1
4.3
25.3
19.3
10.4

6.7
5.5
5.6
8.1
8.9
8.5
4.9
7.3
7.9
5.8
3.8
5.6
6.0
7.8

6.6
5.1
6.4
7.0
8.8
6.9
4.5
7.7
8.4
5.6
3.5
5.0
6.1
7.4

6.1
4.8
6.0
6.7
8.1
7.8
4.0
6.7
7.3
5.2
3.5
5.1
6.0
7.4

147.7
3.5
26.1
22.0
9.9

153.3
3.7
26.2
22.0
9.8

6.4
6.5
5.4
5.3
3.2

4.6
4.0
4.6
4.4
2.5

4.8
4.2
4.5
4.3
2.5

15.0
2.7
2.7
1.0

17.1
3.0
2.5
.9

21.3
3.6
3.4
1.2

4.8
6.4
3.5
3.3

5.1
7.1
3.1
2.7

6.6
8.5
4.2
3.9

5,210.8
306.4
189.5
715.6
921.7
694.5
461.2
299.5
219.4

455.5
27.1
19.2
51.3
75.7
44.8
31.5
25.5
27.8

469.5
28.2
21.2
52.3
79.3
45.3
35.1
23.8
25.3

467.2
28.5
21.5
50.8
76.2
45.5
34.2
23.6
25.7

8.9
9.0
10.4
7.4
8.3
6.7
7.0
8.6
12.6

9.0
9.2
11.2
7.3
8.6
6.5
7.6
8.0
11.6

9.0
9.3
11.4
7.1
8.3
6.5
7.4
7.9
11.7

1,560.3
30.6
41.8
499.9
359.7

1,545.1
30.0
41.3
496.0
357.6

101.1
1.8
2.3
26.1
23.1

106.8
2.1
2.4
28.5
24.2

106.4
2.1
2.3
28.9
24.5

6.6
6.0
5.7
5.3
6.5

6.8
6.9
5.7
5.7
6.7

6.9
6.8
5.5
5.8
6.9

1,333.4
130.2
615.1
126.3

1,342.7
130.9
619.7
127.9

1,343.3
130.8
625.4
125.6

122.9
12.4
46.7
10.0

90.4
9.0
37.8
7.4

101.3
9.8
39.3
8.7

9.2
9.5
7.6
7.9

6.7
6.8
6.1
5.8

7.5
7.5
6.3
6.9

5,592.0
316.4
57.1
78.9
125.7
313.9
103.9
197.7
2,281.5
976.9
168.2
345.5
50.5
56.4
52.8
187.9

5,637.1
319.9
58.7
78.8
127.0
320.4
101.0
203.5
2,302.7
978.4
170.3
350.1
49.6
59.0
52.5
193.0

5,527.2
315.4
57.0
77.5
124.1
312.5
100.2
197.7
2,277.1
961.0
165.3
342.7
48.7
58.0
52.2
187.8

455.4
25.0
5.7
10.1
11.0
16.2
15.2
8.8
137.6
100.4
10.1
32.6
5.4
4.1
4.8
11.8

399.8
24.8
5.8
10.5
9.5
14.9
9.9
7.6
127.5
80.9
11.0
28.0
4.1
4.1
3.7
11.9

418.5
26.4
5.6
11.1
10.3
15.0
12.0
7.4
126.5
83.4
10.7
30.7
4.6
4.7
4.2
12.3

8.1
7.9
10.0
12.8
8.8
5.2
14.7
4.4
6.0
10.3
6.0
9.4
10.7
7.2
9.0
6.3

7.1
7.7
9.8
13.4
7.5
4.6
9.8
3.7
5.5
8.3
6.5
8.0
8.3
6.9
7.0
6.2

7.6
8.4
9.9
14.3
8.3
4.8
12.0
3.7
5.6
8.7
6.5
9.0
9.3
8.1
8.1
6.6

494.7
137.5
332.7

509.4
138.5
340.9

508.8
138.6
340.5

23.7
7.7
15.2

19.2
6.8
12.4

20.3
7.0
12.9

4.8
5.6
4.6

3.8
4.9
3.6

4.0
5.1
3.8

1,493.5
183.6
204.9
294.3

1,565.6
199.5
214.4
305.6

1,547.9
200.1
213.7
303.5

102.1
8.9
8.5
17.0

113.2
9.9
9.0
19.4

112.9
9.9
9.3
19.1

6.8
4.8
4.1
5.8

7.2
5.0
4.2
6.3

7.3
5.0
4.3
6.3

341.7
68.7

350.4
72.7

342.8
71.7

15.1
1.9

15.9
3.1

19.5
3.7

4.4
2.8

4.5
4.3

5.7
5.2

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,170.1
409.4
129.9
446.7
37.3
47.8
1,446.0
3,651.4
2,997.0
114.2
119.2
487.7
319.0
133.4

8,564.3
423.0
132.6
455.3
36.9
49.9
1,502.0
3,900.6
3,230.0
118.5
122.8
502.7
324.4
140.9

8,547.2
420.5
131.7
455.3
36.7
49.1
1,501.0
3,906.9
3,238.0
117.8
122.4
500.8
322.3
139.0

547.5
22.6
7.2
36.4
3.3
4.1
71.3
265.0
237.0
6.6
4.5
27.4
19.2
10.3

565.9
21.8
8.5
32.0
3.3
3.5
67.8
300.0
272.0
6.6
4.2
25.0
19.8
10.4

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,061.3
85.5
559.3
480.8
375.2

3,185.2
88.5
573.1
502.7
396.9

3,196.6
88.7
575.6
506.6
399.6

196.0
5.6
30.0
25.6
12.1

314.7
42.3
76.8
29.4

334.9
42.3
81.2
32.1

324.4
42.3
81.4
32.1

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,114.2
300.4
184.3
695.1
912.8
667.9
448.1
294.5
220.1

5,226.0
305.9
189.3
715.9
926.1
693.3
462.7
299.4
218.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,537.0
30.6
40.5
492.8
355.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Sioux Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

See footnotes at end of table.




149

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Nov.
1984

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985P

165.9
13.0
14.2
18.6
27.8
20.8

8.2
7.0
7.6
8.9
6.6
4.7

7.0
6.1
6.5
6.7
6.2
4.2

7.3
6.0
6.8
7.2
6.3
4.2

604.7
3.8
6.0
20.7

514.7

24.1
7.2
13.8
3.0
16.5
69.6
23.0

19.4
6.1

5.4
3.8
4.6
3.0
10.5
5.7

7.6
5.8
5.9
5.1
14.0
8.7
14.8
5.0
9.5
5.3

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1984

Oct.
1985

Nov.
1985?

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,255.9
204.7
211.0
265.1
430.8
483.9

2,291.1
217.5
209.4
260.3
443.1
495.7

2,279.4
217.4
208.3
259.5
441.9
493.7

185.1
14.3
16.1
23.6
28.3
22.8

161.4
13.3
13.6
17.4
27.6
20.7

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

7,849.0
63.4
100.9

7,998.0
64.6

7,960.5
65.3

102.5
403.1
172.2
83.1
92.7

102.0
406.7
168.2
82.5
91.6

427.7
2.4
4.6
11.5
18.6
4.8
11.8

61.2
172.6
1,319.9
206.3
619.0

61.1

386.6
176.8
83.5
91.8
59.5

167.7
1,302.3
204.2

594.6
96.3
1,657.3
77.5
38.8

77.1
113.1
120.5
66.0
69.1
50.9
530.9
42.6

97.4
1,694.4
81.8
39.1
78.0
114.6
122.6
64.3
67.7

51.0

Nov.
1985?

3.9
5.3

19.9
11.7

4.9
7.2
5.6
20.2

61.8

3.1
1.8
23.9
2.2
3.6
3.6
2.0
4.1
2.9

5.8
8.5
7.2
26.7
3.5
4.3
2.8
35.4
3.1
5.0
6.6
2.8
5.5
3.6

4.9
3.4

12.9
3.2
7.2
3.2
10.1
3.5
9.2
5.9
5.0
14.7
7.2
4.3
20.8
3.4
4.5
3.6
4.5
5.2
7.1
4.4
5.1
4.4
4.6

171.1
1,322.8

203.1
621.4

96.1
1,680.6
81.4
38.6
76.7

114.6
118.1
64.4
67.3

51.1
541.6
42.9
52.4

1.9
12.1
41.5
20.6
20.7
8.8
98.5

3.9
5.7
5.6
4.9
25.1
2.2

34.1

11.4
138.1

6.9

2.8
14.1
61.5
18.5
30.7
9.4
116.1
6.7

2.8
3.4

2.1

10.9
6.3
21.7
5.4
6.3
5.5
6.5
7.1
9.6
7.8
7.4
5.8
5.8

6.5
6.0
5.2
4.9
11.5
7.4
12.7
4.7
8.2
4.6
9.1
4.9
9.8
6.9
8.2
12.7
9.4
4.9
17.1
4.3
5.0
4.1
5.6
6.4
8.8
6.5
6.8
5.2
5.5

11.2
5.5
11.7
8.1
8.5

14.7

80.9
38.1
93.0
62.1

541.8
43.0
52.7
83.7
37.8
94.6
61.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

731.4
93.0
472.7

778.8
100.7
499.3

787.9
101.4
508.5

44.5
5.9
26.2

41.4
5.6
24.8

48.1
7.0
28.5

6.1
6.3
5.5

5.3
5.5
5.0

6.1
6.9
5.6

Vermont
Burlington

270.9
75.1

282.4
77.5

281.9
77.5

12.4
2.2

10.9
2.1

13.0
2.4

4.6
3.0

3.9
2.7

4.6
3.1

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,879.7
73.0
55.6
75.2
562.4
403.7
117.8

2,934.8
72.8
56.2
75.5
584.7

2,921.0
72.4
55.6

121.1

138.2
3.4
4.8
4.0
23.2
17.0
4.6

156.0
3.3
5.0
4.4
29.0
18.8
6.2

157.0
3.0
5.2
4.6
28.8
19.0
6.2

4.8
4.6
8.6
5.3
4.1
4.2
3.9

5.3
4.5
9.0
5.9
5.0
4.6
5.1

5.4
4.1
9.3
6.1
4.9
4.7
5.1

Washington
Seattle

2,054.4
925.7

2,105.8
945.9

2,094.3
947.8

189.5
67.4

155.8
59.8

162.4
57.2

9.2
7.3

7.4
6.3

7.8
6.0

774.8
124.3

771.1
126.9
123.7
74.9
79.9

778.0
128.5
126.4
74.9
79.4

118.6
14.5
16.0
7.5
12.2

96.3
12.4
15.3
8.2
11.3

105.9
12.3
16.5
8.2
10.5

15.3
11.7
12.8
10.3
15.3

12.5
9.8
12A
10.9
14.2

13.6
9.6
13.1
10.9
13.3

2,418.6
157.0

2,392.2

60.9

53.9
53.6

59.7
97.4
69.9
52.8
50.7
198.4
708.5
83.8
53.3
52.2

2,393.0
158.0
60.3

711.0
83.7
53.3
52.7

162.0
10.6
4.6
6.4
4.8
4.0
3.0
8.4
43.0
6.6
3.1
4.2

149.6
9.0
3.8
5.1
4.8
5.8
2.7
7.5
43.1
6.5
3.3
3.6

162.8
10.4
4.4
5.8
4.8
5.9
2.8
8.9
42.5
6.4
3.5
4.0

6.7
6.7
7.5
6.5
6.8
7.0
5.9
4.3
6.0
7.7
5.7
7.9

6.3
5.7
6.3
5.3
6.8
10.9
5.2
3.8
6.1
7.8
6.1
7.0

6.8
6.6
7.3
5.9
6.9
11.1
5.4
4.5
6.0
7.7
6.6
7.7

248.7

245.4

243.9

13.1

15.1

19.0

5.3

6.1

7.8

Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
1

51.0

125.6
72.8
79.6

99.0
71.3
56.6
51.2

196.5
720.9
85.7

410.4
121.4

157.7

Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. Official
estimates for North Carolina prior to 1985 are not derived from the Current
Population Survey. See the Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force
Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

150




83.3
37.8
93.7

75.1
584.2
407.2

98.0

69.6
52.9
51.0
200.1

30.1
2.7
4.6
5.4
2.6

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1984 have been
benchmarked to 1984 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1985 are
provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.




Annual Averages

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Year

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Persons 14 years of age and over
1929 ,
1930 .

1931 ,
1932 .
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937 ,
1938
1939

0
O
0
0
0
0
o0
o0

49,180
49,820
50,420
51,000
51,590
52,230
52,870
53,440
54,000
54,610
55,230

0
0
O1
()
0
0

o
0
0

o
o

47,630

10,450

37,180

1,550

3.2

45,480
42,400
38,940
38,760
40,890
42,260
44,410
46,300
44,220
45,750

10,340
10,290
10,170
10,090
9,900
10,000
9,820
9,690
9,610

35,140
32,110
28,770
28,670
30,990
32,150
34,410
36,480
34,530
36,140

4,340
8,020
12,060
12,830
11,340
10,610
9,030
7,700
10,390
9,480

8.7
15.9
23.6
24.9
21.7
20.1
16.9
14.3
19.0
17.2

47,520
50,350
53,750
54,470
53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812

9,540
9,100
9,250
9,080
8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256

37,980
41,250
44,500
45,390
45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557

8,120
5,560
2,660
1,070
670
1,040
2,270
2,356

14.6
9.9
4.7
1.9
1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9

44,200
43,990
42,230
39,100
38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850

10,110

0
0
0
O
0
0
0

o
o
0
0

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947

99,840
99,900
98,640
94,640
93,220
94,090
103,070
106,018

55,640
55,910
56,410
55,540
54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168

1947 ..
1948 ..
1949 ..

101,827
103,068
103,994

59,350
60,621
61,286

58.3
58.8
58.9

57,038
58,343
57,651

7,890
7,629
7,658

49,148
50,714
49,993

2,311
2,276
3,637

3.9
3.8
5.9

42,477
42,447
42,708

1950 ..
1951 ..
1952 ..
19532 .
1954 ..
1955 ..
1956 ..
1957 ..
1958 ..
1959 ..

104,995
104,621
105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.2
59.2
59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9602 .
1961 ..
19622 .
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ..
1971 ..
19722 .
19732 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 .
1977 .,
19782
1979 .

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 .
1981 .,
1982 .
1983 .
1984 .
1985 .

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8

99,303
100,397

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744

55.7
56.0
57.2
58.7
58.6
57.2
55.8
56.8

Persons 16 years of age and over

Not available.
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation,

152



99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150

see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1952 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Year

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Men

1952 ...
19531 ..
1954 ...
1955 ...
1956 ...
1957 ...
1958 ...
1959 ...

49,700
50,750
51,395
52,109
52,723
53,315
54,033
54,793

42,869
43,633
43,965
44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886

86.3
86.0
85.5
85.4
85.5
84.8
84.2
83.7

41,682
42,430
41,619
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466

5,390
5,253
5,200
5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532

36,293
37,177
36,418
37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934

1,185
1,202
2,344
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420

2.8
2.8
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

6,832
7,117
7,431
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907

I9601 ..
1961 ...
19621 ..
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 ...
1968 ...
1969 ...

55,662
56,286
56,831
57,921
58,847
59,782
60,262
60,905
61,847
62,898

46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221

83.3
82.9
82.0
81.4
81.0
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.1
79.8

43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818

4,472
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963

39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855

2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677

1970 ...
1971 ...
19721 ..
19731 ..
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
19781 ..
1979 ...

64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020

51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726

79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8

48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607

2,862
2,795
2,849
2,847
2,919
2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686

46,128
46,595
48,047
49,502
50,105
49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921

2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469

61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411

77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058

...
...
...
...
...
...

Women

1952 ..
19531 .
1954 ..
1955 ..
1956 ..
1957 ..
1958 ..
1959 ..

55,529
56,305
56,925
57,574
58,228
58,951
59,690
60,534

19,269
19,382
19,678
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483

34.7
34.4
34.6
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.1

18,568
18,749
18,490
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164

1,111
1,006
1,006
1,184
1,244
1,123
990
1,033

17,458
17,743
17,486
18,366
19,175
19,591
19,623
20,131

698
632
1,188
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320

3.6
3.3
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

36,261
36,924
37,247
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053

I9601 .
1961 ..
19621 .

61,582
62,484
63,321
64,494
65,637
66,731
67,795
68,968
70,179
71,436

23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513

37.7
38.1
37.9
38.3
38.7
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7

21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084

986
902
875
878
832
814
736
680
660
643

20,887
21,187
21,651
22,227
23,000
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441

1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924

1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843

31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235

43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9

29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217

601
599
635
622
596
584
588
612
669
661

29,087
29,377
30,622
32,093
33,173
33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556

1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736

45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050

51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259

656
667
665
680
653
644

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686

1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .

..
..
..
.,
..
..

1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, se(
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory




Notes.

153

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

1985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

178,206
14,506
7,232
7,274
20,097
94,466
40,670
20,958
19,712
31,379
17,274
14,105
22,418
11,564
10,854
22,140
11,282
10,858
26,997
9,331
17,666

Unemployed
Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

115,461
7,901
3,154
4,747
15,718
76,944
33,550
17,265
16,285
26,073
14,371
11,702
17,322
9,270
8,052
11,991
7,240
4,751
2,907
1,719
1,189

64.8
54.5
43.6
65.3
78.2
81.5
82.5
82.4
82.6
83.1
83.2
83.0
77.3
80.2
74.2
54.2
64.2
43.8
10.8
18.4
6.7

107,150
6,434
2,492
3,941
13,980
72,449
31,208
15,966
15,242
24,732
13,602
11,131
16,509
8,821
7,688
11,474
6,913
4,561
2,813
1,657
1,157

8,312
1,468
662
806
1,738
4,495
2,341
1,299
1,043
1,340
769
572
813
448
364
518
327
190
93
62
32

7.2
18.6
21.0
17.0
11.1
5.8
7.0
7.5
6.4
5.1
5.4
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.0
3.2
3.6
2.7

62,744
6,604
4,078
2,526
4,379
17,522
7,120
3,692
3,427
5,306
2,904
2,403
5,096
2,294
2,802
10,148
4,042
6,106
24,091
7,613
16,478

30,440
519
148
371
1,760
12,809
5,219
2,600
2,618
3,993
2,202
1,785
3,598
1,686
1,913
5,437
2,462
2,974
9,915
3,221
6,693

7,536
4,866
3,234
1,631
1,727
910
654
433
221
194
125
69
61
39
22
22
14
7
12
6
6

2,610
21
5
16
63
876
215
103
112
271
132
139
389
158
231
648
320
328
1,003
232
771

22,158
1,198
690
508
829
2,928
1,033
557
475
848
439
409
1,047
411
635
4,042
1,245
2,796
13,162
4,154
9,007

84,469
7,275
3,689
3,586
9,746
45,973
19,864
10,239
9,626
15,265
8,404
6,861
10,844
5,617
5,227
10,392
5,340
5,051
11,084
4,188
6,896

64,411
4,134
1,663
2,471
8,283
43,184
18,808
9,615
9,193
14,506
8,010
6,496
9,870
5,240
4,630
7,060
4,250
2,809
1,750
1,024
727

76.3
56.8
45.1
68.9
85.0
93.9
94.7
93.9
95.5
95.0
95.3
94.7
91.0
93.3
88.6
67.9
79.6
55.6
15.8
24.4
10.5

59,891
3,328
1,300
2,029
7,339
40,775
17,564
8,922
8,642
13,800
7,608
6,192
9,411
4,990
4,421
6,753
4,064
2,689
1,695
989
707

4,521
806
363
443
944
2,409
1,244
693
551
706
402
304
459
249
209
307
186
121
55
35
20

7.0
19.5
21.9
17.9
11.4
5.6
6.6
7.2
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.3
3.1
3.4
2.8

20,058
3,140
2,026
1,115
1,463
2,789
1,056
623
433
759
394
365
974
377
597
3,332
1,090
2,242
9,334
3,165
6,169

466
22
12
10
26
148
48
24
24
54
30
24
46
18
29
77
34
43
192
58
134

3,815
2,479
1,655
824
934
390
312
231
82
57
36
21
20
11
9
9
5
4
4
2
2

1,492
14
3
11
44
615
148
75
73
193
93
100
274
110
164
417
214
204
402
126
276

14,285
625
355
270
459
1,637
548
294
254
455
235
220
633
238
395
2,828
837
1,991
8,737
2,979
5,757

93,736
7,231
3,543
3,688
10,351
48,493
20,805
10,719
10,086
16,114
8,870
7,244
11,574
5,947
5,627
11,748
5,942
5,807
15,913
5,143
10,770

51,050
3,767
1,491
2,276
7,434
33,760
14,742
7,650
7,092
11,567
6,361
5,206
7,452
4,030
3,422
4,932
2,990
1,942
1,156
695
462

54.5
52.1
42.1
61.7
71.8
69.6
70.9
71.4
70.3
71.8
71.7
71.9
64.4
67.8
60.8
42.0
50.3
33.4
7.3
13.5
4.3

47,259
3,105
1,193
1,913
6,640
31,674
13,644
7,044
6,600
10,933
5,994
4,939
7,097
3,831
3,267
4,721
2,849
1,872
1,118
668
450

3,791
661
298
363
794
2,086
1,098
606
492
634
367
268
355
199
155
211
141
70
39
27
12

7.4
17.6
20.0
16.0
10.7
6.2
7.4
7.9
6.9
5.5
5.8
5.1
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.7
3.6
3.3
3.8
2.6

42,686
3,464
2,052
1,412
2,916
14,733
6,063
3,069
2,994
4,547
2,510
2,038
4,122
1,917
2,205
6,816
2,952
3,865
14,757
4,448
10,309

29,974
498
136
362
1,734
12,661
5,170
2,576
2,594
3,939
2,178
1,761
3,551
1,668
1,884
5,359
2,428
2,931
9,723
3,163
6,559

3,721
2,387
1,579
807
793
520
342
202
139
137
89
48
42
28
13
13
9
4
9
4
4

1,118
7
2
5
19
261
67
28
39
78
39
39
115
48
67
231
106
125
600
106
495

7,873
573
335
238
371
1,291
485
263
221
393
204
189
414
173
240
1,213
408
805
4,425
1,175
3,250

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

154




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

153,679
11,900
5,922
5,978
16,853
80,955
34,450
17,676
16,775
27,100
14,896
12,204
19,405
9,981
9,424
19,620
9,925
9,695
24,352
8,348
16,004

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

99,926
6,841
2,777
4,065
13,469
66,332
28,640
14,701
13,939
22,591
12,418
10,172
15,101
8,051
7,051
10,679
6,415
4,263
2,605
1,537
1,068

65.0
57.5
46.9
68.0
79.9
81.9
83.1
83.2
83.1
83.4
83.4
83.3
77.8
80.7
74.8
54.4
64.6
44.0
10.7
18.4
6.7

93,736
5,768
2,270
3,498
12,235
62,956
26,945
13,781
13,165
21,552
11,833
9,720
14,459
7,701
6,758
10,247
6,147
4,100
2,530
1,488
1,043

6,191
1,074
507
567
1,235
3,375
1,695
921
774
1,039
586
453
642
349
293
432
269
163
75
50
26

6.2
15.7
18.3
13.9
9.2
5.1
5.9
6.3
5.6
4.6
7.3
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.0
4.2
3.8
2.9
3.3
2.4

53,753
5,058
3,145
1,913
3,383
14,623
5,810
2,975
2,836
4,509
2,478
2,031
4,304
1,930
2,373
8,941
3,510
5,431
21,747
6,811
14,936

26,731
390
114
276
1,389
11,033
4,439
2,192
2,248
3,481

73,373
5,987
3,026
2,961
8,246
39,867
17,042
8,735
8,307
13,337
7,336
6,001
9,488
4,899
4,589
9,262
4,728
4,534
10,010
3,765
6,245

56,472
3,576
1,467
2,109
7,122
37,803
16,306
8,292
8,014
12,767
7,033
5,733
8,730
4,616
4,115
6,376
3,820
2,555
1,595
928
667

77.0
59.7
48.5
71.2
86.4
94.8
95.7
94.9
96.5
95.7
95.9
95.5
92.0
94.2
89.7
68.8
80.8
56.4
15.9
24.6
10.7

53,046
2,985
1,185
1,800
6,428
35,963
15,374
7,778
7,597
12,214
6,725
5,490
8,374
4,424
3,951
6,118
3,667
2,452
1,552
901
651

3,426
592
282
310
694
1,839
931
514
417
553
309
244
356
192
164
257
154
104
43
27
17

6.1
16.5
19.2
14.7
9.7
4.9
5.7
6.2
5.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
2.7
2.9
2.5

80,306
5,912
2,895
3,017
8,607
41,088
17,409
8,941
8,468
13,762
7,560
6,203
9,917
5,082
4,835
10,358
5,197
5,160
14,342
4,583
9,759

43,455
3,265
1,310
1,955
6,348
28,529
12,334
6,409
5,925
9,824
5,385
4,439
6,371
3,435
2,936
4,303
2,595
1,708
1,010
609
401

54.1
55.2
45.2
64.8
73.8
69.4
70.9
71.7
70.0
71.4
71.2
71.6
64.2
67.6
60.7
41.5
49.9
33.1
7.0
13.3
4.1

40,690
2,783
1,085
1,698
5,807
26,993
11,571
6,003
5,568
9,338
5,108
4,230
6,084
3,277
2,807
4,128
2,480
1,648
978
587
392

2,765
482
225
257
541
1,536
763
407
357
486
277
209
286
157
129
175
115
60
32
23
9

6.4
14.8
17.2
13.1
8.5
5.4
6.2
6.3
6.0
4.9
5.1
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.7
2.3

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1,562
3,113
1,465
1,683
4,858
2,185
2,673
9,060
2,914
6,146

5,789
3,739
2,482
1,257
1,365
662
468
309
158
147
92
55
47
31
16
14
9
5
11
5
6

2,055
15
4
11
48
659
160
79
81
208
107
101
291
116
175
514
253
261
819
176
643

19,177
914
545
369
582
2,268
743
394
348
672
350
322
854
329
525
3,556
1,063
2,492
11,857
3,716
8,141

16,901
2,411
1,559
852
1,124
2,064
736
443
293
571
303
268
757
283
474
2,887
908
1,979
8,415
2,837
5,578

345
15
8
6
15
95
28
14
14
36
21
14
32
12
20
55
24
31
165
49
116

2,948
1,912
1,269
643
761
268
219
166
53
38
24
14
11
6
6
4
2
2
3
1
2

1,180
10
2
8
33
466
110
57
52
149
75
74
208
81
127
336
173
164
334
102
232

12,428
474
280
194
315
1,234
379
206
173
349
183
166
507
185
322
2,491
709
1,782
7,913
2,685
5,228

36,852
2,647
1,586
1,062
2,259
12,559
5,074
2,532
2,543
3,938
2,175
1,763
3,547
1,647
1,899
6,054
2,602
3,452
13,332
3,974
9,358

26,386
376
106
270
1,374
10,938
4,412
2,178
2,234
3,446
1,906
1,539
3,081
1,444
1,637
4,803
2,161
2,642
8,895
2,865
6,030

2,841
1,827
1,213
614
604
394
249
143
105
109
68
41
36
25
10
9
6
3
8
4
4

875
5
2
3
14
193
50
22
29
60
32
27
83
35
48
178
81
97
484
74
411

6,750
439
264
175
267
1,034
364
188
175
323
167
156
347
144
203
1,065
354
710
3,945
1,031
2,913

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




155

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

19,664
2,160
1,083
1,077
2,649
10,535
4,873
2,583
2,291
3,290
1,812
1,477
2,372
1,229
1,142
2,060
1,094
966
2,259
817
1,442

12,364
889
311
578
1,854
8,310
3,888
2,030
1,858
2,681
1,500
1,180
1,742
949
792
1,059
658
401
252
145
107

62.9
41.2
28.7
53.7
70.0
78.9
79.8
78.6
81.1
81.5
82.8
79.9
73.4
77.2
69.4
51.4
60.1
41.5
11.2
17.7
7.4

10,501
532
175
356
1,399
7,350
3,325
1,695
1,631
2,427
1,349
1,078
1,598
868
730
985
607
378
235
133
102

1,864
357
135
221
455
959
562
336
227
254
152
102
143
81
63
74
52
22
18
12
6

15.1
40.2
43.6
38.3
24.5
11.5
14.5
16.6
12.2
9.5
10.1
8.6
8.2
8.5
8.0
7.0
7.8
5.6
7.0
8.3
5.6

7,299
1,271
772
499
796
2,225
985
552
433
609
312
297
630
281
350
1,001
436
565
2,007
672
1,335

2,962
112
29
83
317
1,334
581
315
265
382
202
181
371
171
199
462
217
245
737
257
480

1,320
915
621
293
255
145
111
78
33
27
17
11
7
4
3
4
3
1
1

505
5
1
4
14
194
51
23
29
56
22
34
87
35
52
121
60
62
171
53
119

2,511
240
121
119
209
551
243
137
105
143
71
72
165
70
95
413
156
257
1,098
363
734

8,790
1,059
543
517
1,202
4,702
2,180
1,158
1,023
1,462
803
659
1,060
549
510
924
496
428
902
347
555

6,220
471
162
310
950
4,129
1,937
1,024
913
1,313
733
580
879
474
405
544
340
204
125
73
52

70.8
44.6
29.8
60.0
79.0
87.8
88.8
88.5
89.2
89.8
91.3
88.0
83.0
86.3
79.4
58.9
68.6
47.7
13.9
21.0
9.4

5,270
278
92
186
726
3,650

801
1,187
659
528
795
429
366
501
311
190
114
65
49

951
193
69
124
224
478
268
156
112
127
75
52
85
45
40
43
29
14
11
8
3

15.3
41.0
42.9
40.0
23.5
11.6
13.8
15.2
12.3
9.6
10.2
9.0
9.7
9.6
9.8
7.9
8.6
6.8
8.9
10.5
6.7

2,570
588
381
207
253
573
244
133
110
149
70
79
181
76
105
380
156
224
777
274
503

103
6
3
3
11
45
18
9
9
15
7
8
12
5
7
18
8
10
23
7
16

627
455
317
138
114
57
45
34
11
9
5
5
3
2
1
1
1

282
4
1
3
9
132
38
17
21
38
16
22
56
22
34
73
37
37
64
23
42

1,556
124
61
63
119
337
143
73
69
86
42
44
108
46
62
287
110
177
689
244
444

10,873
1,101
540
560
1,447
5,833
2,693
1,425
1,268
1,828
1,009
818
1,312
680
632
1,136
599
538
1,357
470
887

6,144
417
149
268
904
4,181
1,951
1,006
945
1,368
767
600
862
475
387
515
318
197
127
72
55

56.5
37.9
27.6
47.9
62.5
71.7
72.4
70.6
74.6
74.8
76.0
73.3
65.7
69.8
61.3
45.3
53.2
36.6
9.4
15.3
6.3

5,231
254
83
171
673
3,700
1,656
826
830
1,240
690
550
804
439
364
484
296
188
121
68
53

913
164
66
98
231
481
295
180
115
127
77
50
58
36
23
31
22
9
7
4
3

14.9
39.2
44.3
36.4
25.6
11.5
15.1
17.9
12.2
9.3
10.1
8.3
68
7.5
5.9
6.0
7.1
4.3
5.2
5.2
5.1

4,729
683
391
292
543
1,652
742
419
323
460
242
218
450
205
245
621
280
341
1,230
398
832

2,859
106
26
80
306
1,289
563
306
256
367
195
173
359
166
192
444
209
235
714
250
464

693
460
304
155
141
88
66
44
22
18
12
6
4
2
2
3
3
1
1

222
1

955
116
60
56
90
214
100
64
36
57
29
28
57
24
33
126
46
80
409
119
290

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ....

156




1
5
62
13
6
8
18
6
12
31
13
18
48
23
25
107
30
77

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

24,526
2,606
1,310
1,296
3,244
13,512
6,219
3,283
2,937
4,279
2,379
1,900
3,013
1,583
1,430
2,520
1,357
1,163
2,645
984
1,662

15,535
1,060
377
683
2,249
10,612
4,910
2,564
1,251
3,482
1,953
1,530
2,221
1,219
1,002
1,313
825
488
302
181
120

63.3
40.7
28.8
52.7
69.3
78.5
78.9
78.1
42.6
81.4
82.1
80.5
73.7
77.0
70.1
52.1
60.8
42.0
11.4
18.4
7.2

13,414
666
222
443
1,745
9,493
4,263
2,187
2,077
3,180
1,769
1,410
2,050
1,120
930
1,227
766
461
283
170
114

243
20
7
13
29
148
57
28
29
54
29
25
36
22
14
31
19
12
15

11,096
1,287
663
625
1,500
6,106
2,823
1,504
1,319
1,927
1,068
859
1,356
718
638
1,129
612
517
1,074
424
651

7,940
558
196
362
1,162
5,381
2,502
1,323
1,179
1,739
977
763
1,140
624
516
684
430
254
155
96
59

71.6
43.3
29.6
57.9
77.4
88.1
88.6
88.0
89.4
90.2
91.4
88.7
84.0
86.9
80.8
60.6
70.2
49.2
14.5
22.7
9.1

6,845
344
115
229
911
4,812
2,189
1,145
1,045
1,586
883
702
1,037
567
470
634
397
237
143
88
56

13,430
1,319
648
671
1,744
7,406
3,397
1,779
1,618
2,352
1,311
1,041
1,657
865
792
1,391
744
646
1,571
560
1,011

7,595
502
181
321
1,087
5,231
2,408
1,241
1,167
1,743
976
767
1,081
595
486
629
395
234
146
85
61

56.6
38.1
28.0
47.8
62.3
70.6
70.9
69.8
72.1
74.1
74.5
73.6
65.3
68.8
61.4
45.2
53.0
36.2
9.3
15.3
6.0

6,569
322
108
215
834
4,681
2,073
1,042
1,032
1,594
886
708
1,013
553
460
593
369
224
140
82
58

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

13,171
646
216
430
1,716
9,346
4,206
2,158
2,048
3,126
1,740
1,386
2,014
1,098
916
1,196
747
449
268
162
106

2,121
394
155
239
504
1,118
647
378
269
302
183
118
171
99
72
85
58
27
19
12
12

13.7
37.2
41.0
35.0
22.4
10.5
13.2
14.7
21.5
8.7
9.4
7.7
7.7
8.1
7.2
6.5
7.1
5.5
6.2
6.6
10.0

8,992
1,546
933
613
996
2,899
1,310
718
591
798
426
371
792
364
429
1,207
532
675
2,344
802
1,542

209
17
4
13
26
127
50
24
26
46
24
21
31
18
13
27
17
10
14
7
7

6,635
327
111
216
886
4,686
2,140
1,121
1,019
1,540
859
681
1,006
549
457
607
380
227
130
81
49

1,095
214
81
133
250
568
313
179
134
153
93
60
103
57
46
50
33
17
12
8
3

13.8
38.4
41.4
36.7
21.6
10.6
12.5
13.5
11.4
8.8
9.5
7.9
9.0
9.2
8.8
7.3
7.6
6.7
7.6
8.7
5.9

3,157
729
466
263
338
726
321
180
140
188
91
97
216
94
123
445
182
263
919
328
591

33
3
3

6,536
319
105
214
830
4,660
2,066
1,037
1,029
1,586
881
705
1,008
549
459
589
367
222
138
81
57

1,026
180
73
106
253
550
334
199
135
148
90
58
68
42
26
36
26
10
7
4
3

13.5
35.8
40.5
33.1
23.3
10.5
13.9
16.1
11.6
8.5
9.2
7.6
6.3
7.0
5.4
5.7
6.5
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.7

5,835
817
467
350
657
2,173
989
538
451
609
335
274
575
270
306
762
350
412
1,425
474
951

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




3
21
7
4
3
9
5
4
5
4
1
4
2
2
1
1

157

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total

Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

176,383
113,544
64.4
105,005
3,321
101,685
8,539
7.5
62,839

178,206
115,461
64.8
107,150
3,179
103,971
8,312
7.2
62,744

76,219
59,701
78.3
55,769
2,418
53,351
3,932
6.6
16,518

77,195
60,277
78.1
56,562
2,278
54,284
3,715
6.2
16,918

85,429
45,900
53.7
42,793
595
42,198
3,107
6.8
39,529

86,506
47,283
54.7
44,154
596
43,558
3,129
6.6
39,222

14,735
7,943
53.9
6,444
309
6,135
1,499
18.9
6,791

14,506
7,901
54.5
6,434
305
6,129
1,468
18.6
6,604

152,347
98,492
64.6
92,120
3,057
89,063
6,372
6.5
53,855

153,679
99,926
65.0
93,736
2,936
90,799
6,191
6.2
53,753

66,610
52,453
78.7
49,461
2,201
47,260
2,992
5.7
14,157

67,386
52,895
78.5
50,061
2,085
47,976
2,834
5.4
14,490

73,590
39,087
53.1
36,823
564
36,259
2,264
5.8
34,503

74,394
40,190
54.0
37,907
566
37,341
2,283
5.7
34,204

12,147
6,952
57.2
5,836
292
5,544
1,116
16.0
5,195

11,900
6,841
57.5
5,768
285
5,483
1,074
15.7
5,058

19,348
12,033
62.2
10,119
196
9,923
1,914
15.9
7,315

19,664
12,364
62.9
10,501
189
10,312
1,864
15.1
7,299

7,599
5,686
74.8
4,871
161
4,710
815
14.3
1,913

7,731
5,749
74.4
4,992
154
4,837
757
13.2
1,982

9,588
5,520
57.6
4,773
21
4,752
747
13.5
4,069

9,773
5,727
58.6
4,977
19
4,959
750
13.1
4,046

2,161
827
38.3
474
13
460
353
42.7
1,334

2,160
889
41.2
532
16
516
357
40.2
1,271

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

158




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

12,450
8,512
3,938

5,787
3,592
2,195

46.5
42.2
55.7

5,018
2,997
2,021

1,002
310
692

4,016
2,687
1,329

770
595
174

157
85
71

613
510
103

13.3
16.6
7.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,449
6,001
5,078
923

2,572
3,216
2,400
816

39.9
53.6
47.3
88.4

2,075
2,942
2,174
768

148
854
365
488

1,928
2,088
1,808
280

496
273
226
48

64
92
65
28

432
181
161
20

19.3
8.5
9.4
5.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

6,366
4,323
2,043

2,923
1,820
1,103

45.9
42.1
54.0

2,507
1,495
1,012

542
176
367

1,965
1,319
645

416
325
91

84
47
38

332
279
53

14.2
17.9
8.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,378
2,988
2,573
415

1,369
1,554
1,183
371

40.5
52.0
46.0
89.3

1,091
1,416
1,066
350

94
448
216
232

997
967
849
118

278
138
117
21

37
48
36
12

241
90
81
9

20.3
8.9
9.9
5.6

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

6,084
4,189
1,895

2,865
1,772
1,093

47.1
42.3
57.7

2,511
1,502
1,009

459
134
325

2,051
1,368
684

354
270
84

73
39
34

281
232
50

12.4
15.3
7.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,071
3,013
2,505
508

1,202
1,662
1,217
445

39.2
55.2
48.6
87.6

984
1,527
1,108
419

54
406
149
257

930
1,121
959
162

218
136
109
27

28
45
29
16

191
91
80
11

18.2
8.2
8.9
6.0

10,242
6,949
3,293

5,066
3,162
1,904

49.5
45.5
57.8

4,498
2,718
1,780

886
281
605

3,612
2,436
1,175

569
445
124

105
59
46

464
386
78

11.2
14.1
6.5

Men
Women

5,266
4,975

2,563
2,503

48.7
50.3

2,250
2,248

486
400

1,764
1,848

313
255

59
46

254
210

12.2
10.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,161
5,081
4,298
783

2,241
2,825
2,123
702

43.4
55.6
49.4
89.6

1,874
2,624
1,955
669

132
754
325
429

1,742
1,870
1,630
240

367
201
168
33

43
62
43
19

324
139
125
14

16.4
7.1
7.9
4.7

1,707
1,259
448

542
340
202

31.7
27.0
45.1

366
208
157

85
22
63

281
186
94

176
132
45

48
24
24

128
107
21

32.5
38.7
22.1

835
872

268
273

32.2
31.3

180
186

39
45

141
140

88
88

23
25

65
63

32.9
32.1

1,059
648
548
101

267
274
193
82

25.3
42.3
35.2
81.3

153
213
143
69

11
74
32
42

142
139
111
28

114
62
49
13

20
28
21
7

95
34
28
5

42.8
22.5
25.6
15.3

924
684
240

330
201
129

35.7
29.4
53.7

266
151
114

63
22
42

202
130
73

15

49
41
8

19.4
24.8
11.0

Men
Women

474
450

181
149

38.1
33.1

144
122

37
26

107
96

30
20

20.4
18.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

598
326
264
62

158
172
120
52

26.4
52.8
45.5
83.9

113
152
103
49

14
49
21
28

99
103
82
21

36
13
11
1

28.1
11.4
13.8
5.8

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




159

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

22,152
5,993
16,159

17,832
4,310
13,523

80.5
71.9
83.7

15,396
3,437
11,959

12,486
2,197
10,289

2,910
1,240
1,669

5,972

64.4
86.5
89.2
94.5

2,903
12,493
3,160
1,470

2,012
10,474
1,347

891
2,019
530
123

1,422

322
180
142

13.7
20.2
11.6

940

781

158

1,497

1,333
232

94

90

164
37
4

24.5
10.7

269

2,436
872
1,564

2,114

692

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

16,180
3,844

1,655

3,843
13,989
3,430
1,564

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

10,654
2,951
7,703

9,495
2,314
7,181

89.1
78.4
93.2

8,161
1,833
6,327

6,973
1,262
5,711

1,187
572
616

1,335
481
854

1,220
400
820

115
81
34

14.1
20.8
11.9

3,136
7,518
1,746
711

2,476
7,020
1,627
682

79.0
93.4
93.2
95.9

1,898
6,263
1,509
634

1,441
5,533
1,308
592

457
730
201
41

578
757
118
48

510
710
107
46

68
47
11
2

23.3
10.8
7.3
7.0

11,498
3,042
8,456

8,337
1,995
6,342

72.5
65.6
75.0

7,236
1,604
5,632

5,513
935

1,723

4,578

1,054

1,101
391
710

894
292
602

207
99
108

13.2
19.6
11.2

2,836

1,367

1,005

8,662
2,099

1,651
837

572
4,941
1,323
755

434
1,289

945

6,970
1,803
883

48.2
80.5
85.9
93.4

82

362
740
151
46

271
623
125
43

90
117
27
3

26.5
10.6
8.4
5.2

18,511
4,951
13,560

15,245
3,679
11,566

82.4
74.3
85.3

13,505
3,050
10,455

11,025
1,969
9,056

2,480
1,081
1,399

1,740
629
1,111

1,487
489

252
140
112

11.4
17.1
9.6

8,967
9,544

8,135
7,110

90.7
74.5

7,162
6,343

6,183
4,843

980
1,500

973
767

884
604

89
163

12.0
10.8

4,812

3,226
12,019
2,935

2,532
10,973
2,752
1,352

1,770
9,256
2,298
1,239

763
1,717
455
113

693

1,046

568
920

1,430

67.0
87.7
90.1
95.1

183
78

156
75

126
127
26
3

21.5
8.7
6.2
5.5

3,102
901
2,202

2,201
549
1,652

71.0
61.0
75.0

1,565
324

1,242

1,194
188
1,006

371
135
235

636
225
410

575
190
385

61
35
26

28.9
41.1
24.8

Men
Women

1,427
1,675

1,153
1,048

80.8
62.6

824
741

645
549

179
192

328
307

305
269

23
38

28.5
29.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,000

534
1,667
404

378
69
11

29
32

71

225
411
78
12

196

261
61

83

199
996
265
63

110

1,257
326

93

53.4
79.3
84.3
89.7

309

2,102
480

1

42.2
24.6
19.4
14.5

2,045
549
1,496

1,488

1,257
264
993

1,060
187
873

197
77

1,140

72.8
63.4
76.2

120

231
84
147

198
68
131

33
16
16

15.5
24.1
12.9

Men
Women

1,036
1,009

917
572

88.5
56.6

774
484

680
380

94
104

143
88

130
68

13
20

15.6
15.4

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,001

634
854
193

63.4
81.8
86.8
91.1

508

749

422
638

126
105

107
91

151
42

17
3

15
3

19
14
2

19.9
12.3

176
46

86
111
25
4

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

6,230

2,631

669

329

7.9
6.0

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

13,699
3,258
1,504

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8

9

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,045
222
54

349

49

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

160




8.9
5.4

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Part-time labor force

Full-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)

Employed

Sex, age, and race
Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part
time for
Number
economic
reasons

Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force

Employed
on
voluntary
part
time1

Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)

Number

Percent of
part-time
labor force

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

99,178
3,933
861
3,072
95,245
13,310
81,935
70,059
11,876

86,795
2,375
412
1,962
84,421
10,683
73,737
62,931
10,806

5,590
781
251
530
4,809
1,134
3,676
3,072
605

6,793
777
198
579
6,015
1,493
4,522
4,056
466

6.8
19.8
23.0
18.9
6.3
11.2
5.5
5.8
3.9

16,283
3,968
2,293
1,675
12,315
2,407
9,907
6,886
3,021

14,764
3,278
1,830
1,449
11,486
2,163
9,323
6,447
2,876

1,519
690
463
227
829
245
584
439
145

9.3
17.4
20.2
13.5
6.7
10.2
5.9
6.4
4.8

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

59,329
2,200
57,129
7,325
49,804
42,225
7,579

52,832
1,357
51,475
5,895
45,580
38,557
7,023

2,572
397
2,175
572
1,603
1,340
263

3,925
446
3,479
857
2,622
2,329
292

6.6
20.3
6.1
11.7
5.3
5.5
3.9

5,082
1,934
3,148
958
2,189
958
1,231

4,486
1,574
2,912
872
2,040
878
1,162

596
360
236
87
149
79
70

11.7
18.6
7.5
9.1
6.8
8.2
5.7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,849
1,733
38,116
5,986
32,130
27,832
4,298

33,963
1,017
32,946
4,788
28,158
24,375
3,782

3,018
384
2,634
561
2,073
1,731
342

2,868
331
2,536
636
1,900
1,727
173

7.2
19.1
6.7
10.6
5.9
6.2
4.0

11,201
2,034
9,167
1,449
7,718
5,928
1,790

10,278
1,704
8,574
1,291
7,283
5,569
1,715

923
330
593
158
434
359
75

8.2
16.2
6.5
10.9
5.6
6.1
4.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

51,998
1,882
50,116
6,293
43,823
36,990
6,834

46,953
1,229
45,724
5,213
40,511
34,137
6,374

2,084
334
1,750
456
1,294
1,075
219

2,961
318
2,642
624
2,019
1,778
241

5.7
16.9
5.3
9.9
4.6
4.8
3.5

4,474
1,695
2,779
829
1,951
814
1,137

4,009
1,421
2,588
759
1,829
752
1,077

465
274
192
70
122
63
59

10.4
16.1
6.9
8.4
6.3
7.7
5.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,333
1,465
31,868
5,074
26,794
23,060
3,734

28,859
907
27,952
4,198
23,753
20,438
3,315

2,448
328
2,120
455
1,664
1,387
277

2,027
230
1,797
420
1,377
1,235
142

6.1
15.7
5.6
8.3
5.1
5.4
3.8

10,121
1,800
8,321
1,274
7,048
5,469
1,579

9,383
1,548
7,835
1,153
6,682
5,168
1,514

738
252
486
121
365
301
65

7.3
14.0
5.8
9.5
5.2
5.5
4.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,768
283
5,485
861
4,624
4,031
593

4,506
108
4,399
546
3,853
3,341
512

423
56
367
105
261
225
36

839
119
719
209
510
465
45

14.5
42.2
13.1
24.3
11.0
11.5
7.6

453
189
264
89
174
98
76

341
115
226
75
152
85
67

112
74
38
15
23
14

24.7
39.1
14.4
16.5
13.2
14.3
11.8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,323
232
5,091
777
4,314
3,854
460

4,073
87
3,985
481
3,504
3,125
379

493
49
443
96
348
294
54

757
95
662
199
445
435
10

14.2
41.0
13.0
25.7
10.3
11.3
2.3

821
186
636
127
508
326
182

665
117
548
95
453
281
172

156
69
87
32
55
45
10

19.0
37.1
13.7
25.0
10.8
13.8
5.5

White

Black

' Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.




161

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going Unable
Other
to
to
reasons
school work

Total, 16 years and over1

94,853

65.2

87,937

6,916

7.3 50,516

24,786

6,874

1,930

16,926

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,294
23,392
1,319
14,583

78.6
91.7
92.1
63.3

37,680
22,550
1,146
13,985

1,613
843
173
598

4.1 10,698
3.6 2,111
114
13.1
4.1 8,472

162
59
2
101

169
95
3
71

846
298
21
527

9,521
1,660
88
7,773

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

26,936
23,695
1,015
2,225

53.9
62.9
62.9
20.8

25,504
22,550
843
2,111

1,432
1,146
173
114

5.3 23,055
4.8 13,985
598
17.0
5.1 8,472

19,682
12,690
541
6,451

307
254
13
40

281
81
7
193

2,786
960
38
1,788

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

13,711
5,249
5,321
3,140

64.0
54.7
77.1
63.8

11,933
4,442
4,713
2,778

1,778
807
609
362

13.0
15.4
11.4
11.5

7,702
4,343
1,580
1,779

840
147
154
539

4,586
3,415
1,046
125

289
11
30
248

1,987
770
351
866

Women who maintain families

6,189

61.1

5,540

649

10.5

3,933

2,905

147

152

729

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,395
1,432
1,705
2,259

60.0
48.7
74.8
59.8

4,323
999
1,376
1,948

1,072
433
328
311

19.9
30.2
19.3
13.8

3,602
1,508
575
1,519

796
104
130
562

1,389
1,091
244
54

242
6
15

1,174
307
186
681

Men who maintain families

1,833

76.5

1,680

153

8.3

562

43

28

221
429
62
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,496
283
453
759

60.8
54.2
79.1
55.6

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in
married-couple families where the husband or wife is in the Armed
Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

162




1,277
221
389
667

219
63
64
92

14.6
22.1
14.1
12.1

964
239
120
605

358
18
32
308

248
176
53
19

58
3
55

300
45
31
224

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status
estimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differences
in definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
1984

1985

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,744
1,896
551

4,521

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,600
1,588
407

Women
Unemployment
rates
1984

1985

7.4
4.6
9.4

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

1984

1985

1984

1985

3,794
1,562

3,791

809
1,423

828
1,404

7.6
5.7
8.4
11.1

7.4
5.6
8.3
10.7

6.5
5.4
7.2
8.6

6.4
5.3
7.3
8.2

14.9

1,767
568
2,186

13.5

7.0
4.3
9.2
12.7

6.4
4.3
8.4
11.2

6.1
4.0
8.1
10.7

2,772
1,308
558

1,605

3,426
1,462
414
1,550

906

2,765
1,308
580
877

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,003
242
128
633

951
242
139
570

16.4
8.1
14.3
28.2

15.3
8.0

911
200
230
481

913
197
226
491

15.4
9.1
13.4
24.3

8.7
12.6
23.4

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,909

2,770
1,587
530
654

5.7
4.4
9.0

2,292
1,240
713

2,335
1,240
737

10.1

5.3
4.1
8.9
9.1

339

358

6.0
5.1
7.8
7.0

5.9
4.9
7.8
7.0

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,270
1,436
373
461

2,140

5.0
4.1
8.0
8.2

4.7
3.8
7.8
7.5

1,705
1,038
485
182

1,742
1,042

5.2
4.8
6.7
4.8

5.1
4.7
6.8
4.8

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

542
220
119
203

533
215
131
188

11.6
7.8
13.8

11.1
7.5
14.3

7.7
12.6

10.7
7.4
11.9

18.3

518
153
205
159

11.2

21.0

515
154
210
150

15.8

15.5




2,298

1,714
507
687

1,314
383
442

14.8
25.1

1,558

513
188

163

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
10. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Women

Men

Total
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,312

7.5

7.2

7.4

7.0

7.6

7.4

663
320
343

645
329
316

2.6
2.7
2.5

2.4
2.6
2.3

2.3
2.4
2.3

2.2
2.3
2.1

3.0
3.3
2.8

2.8
3.2
2.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,706

1,694
110
702
882

5.0
2.9
5.4
5.1

4.9
3.3
5.3
4.9

3.9
2.7
3.8
4.8

3.8
2.9
3.5
4.7

5.6
3.2
7.0
5.1

5.4
3.7
7.1
4.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,413
74

9.1
6.9
5.7
9.7

8.8
6.4
4.7
9.5

9.1

1,237

1,386
69
85
1,233

6.5
5.3
10.4

8.7
7.3
4.4
10.1

9.1
7.0
8.4
9.4

8.8
6.3
6.7
9.2

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,051
229
560
262

1,038
225
531
281

7.5
5.0
10.9
6.0

7.2
4.8
10.1
6.4

6.9
4.7
9.9
5.4

7.9
5.6

15.4
7.5

10.1
6.6
16.0

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

2,193
954
454
785
194
591

2,140
980
422
739
186
553

11.5
10.7
9.2
15.1
22.5
13.6

11.3
11.1
8.5
14.3
21.3
12.8

10.7

12.6
12.5

9.2
15.2
22.0
13.6

9.6
8.5

9.3

13.0
13.3
8.3

14.3
21.0
12.7

14.6

14.1

13.9

13.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing

332

315

8.5

8.3

8.2

7.9

9.9

10.4

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,114
747
245
122

1,041
690
226
125

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.

164




1984

1985

8,539

96
715
896

102

7.4
4.9
10.8
5.6
11.1
9.3

O

10.0

O

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid famiy workers
No previous work experience




Total

Unemployment rates
Total

1984

1985

8,539

Women

Men

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,312

7.5

7.2

7.4

7.0

7.6

7.4

6,253

6,189

7.4

7.2

7.5

7.1

7.3

7.3

103
817

96
778

10.0
14.3

9.5
13.1

10.9
14.7

9.9
13.4

5.4
10.3

7.4
10.0

1,654

1,694
1,004
83
56
59

7.5
7.2
10.2
9.6
9.1
12.0
9.2
5.5
5.9
5.9
7.2
4.5
4.4
9.8
7.8
10.4
8.6

7.7
7.6

6.6
7.0
11.1
7.8
8.9
11.3
8.3
6.1
6.0
5.1
6.4
3.8
2.8
7.6
5.9
8.0
7.8
7.6
3.9
4.0
4.1
6.4
6.1

9.2

11.6
8.9
9.6
11.3
8.6
6.2
7.8
5.6
7.3
4.1
4.4
9.7
7.8
9.8
9.9
11.4
4.5
5.5
4.7
7.6
8.5

6.6
7.0
9.8
9.5
9.1
12.1
9.4
5.4
4.5
5.8
6.7
4.7
3.3
7.4
5.9
8.2
7.4
8.2
4.6
4.1
3.6
5.6
7.7

955
74
56
58
116

129
153
142
147
91
56
30
50

699
194
71
144
38
83
57

103
119
171
187
148

94
54
32
46
690
185
79
148
31

7.9
13.1

9.9
9.2
11.4
8.4
6.0
7.6

6.3
9.0
3.3
6.1
12.7
10.4
15.2

9.9

9.3
14.6
11.6
11.6
10.9
9.6
6.6

10.2
7.7
10.6
4.7

6.9
12.4

10.5
13.4
12.1
12.5

59
53

59
38

10.8
5.7
4.9
4.7
7.5
10.2

330
251

316
248
68
1,679
219
1,459
228
1,398
529
869

5.5
6.2
3.0
8.0
5.5
8.5
3.7
6.6
4.5
9.3

5.1
5.9
2.5
7.6
5.2
8.2
3.5
6.2
4.2
8.7

6.0
6.6
3.0
6.9
4.9
7.6
3.8
7.0
4.1
9.3

5.6
6.4
2.3
6.7
4.7
7.4
3.3
6.3
3.6
8.4

4.3
4.6
3.0
9.1
6.9
9.4
3.6
6.3
4.6
9.3

4.1
4.2
3.0
8.7
6.4
9.0
3.6
6.2
4.5
9.0

233
848
1,041

13.5
3.5

13.2
3.2

12.6
3.4

12.2
3.1

17.2
3.6

16.8
3.3

79
1,710
223
1,487
232

1,407
539
868
243
928
1,114

93
57

11.4

9.1
6.1
7.0
10.9
13.7

6.5
7.5
5.8
9.8
12.9

165

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason for unemployment

Total
unemployed

Men,
20 years
and over
1984

Women,
20 years
and over

1985

1984

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

1985

1984

1985

Black

White

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,539
4,421
1,171
3,250
823
2,184
1,110

8,312
4,139
1,157
2,982
877
2,256
1,039

3,932
2,800
739
2,061
324
663
146

3,715
2,568
713
1,855
352
671
124

3,107
1,350
368
982
386
1,151
220

3,129
1,296
374
922
412
1,195
227

1,499
271
64
207
114
370
745

1,468
275
69
206
113
390
689

6,372
3,406
1,002
2,404
680
1,566
719

6,191
3,146
984
2,162
727
1,635
682

1,914
902
147
754
115
545
353

1,864
890
151
739
110
546
317

100.0
51.8
13.7
38.1
9.6
25.6
13.0

100.0
49.8
13.9
35.9
10.6
27.1
12.5

100.0
71.2
18.8
52.4
8.2
16.8
3.7

100.0
69.1
19.2
49.9
9.5
18.1
3.3

100.0
43.5
11.9
31.6
12.4
37.1
7.1

100.0
41.4
12.0
29.4
13.2
38.2
7.3

100.0
18.1
4.3
13.8
7.6
24.7
49.7

100.0
18.7
4.7
14.0
7.7
26.6
46.9

100.0
53.4
15.7
37.7
10.7
24.6
11.3

100.0
50.8
15.9
34.9
11.7
26.4
11.0

100.0
47.1
7.7
39.4
6.0
28.5
18.4

100.0
47.8
8.1
39.6
5.9
29.3
17.0

3.9
.7
1.9
1.0

3.6
.8
2.0
.9

4.7
.5
1.1
.2

4.3
.6
1.1
.2

2.9
.8
2.5
.5

2.7
.9
2.5
.5

3.4
1.4
4.7
9.4

3.5
1.4
4.9
8.7

3.4
.7
1.6
.7

3.2
.7
1.6
.7

7.5
1.0
4.5
2.9

7.2
.9
4.4
2.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

166




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
1985
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

14.

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

8,312

100.0

42.1

30.2

27.7

12.3

15.4

4,139
1,157
2,982
877
2,256
1,039

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.8
49.5
29.1
47.5
49.3
50.7

30.4
29.3
30.9
31.1
29.2
30.5

34.7
21.2
40.0
21.4
21.5
18.8

15.2
12.4
16.2
9.9
9.8
8.5

19.6
8.8
23.7
11.5
11.7
10.3

3,715

100.0

33.9

29.9

36.2

14.9

21.2

2,568
713
1,855
352
671
124

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

31.6
47.5
25.5
39.6
39.6
34.4

29.8
29.4
29.9
31.9
29.9
26.3

38.6
23.0
44.5
28.4
30.6
39.3

15.9
13.8
16.7
13.1
12.7
11.5

22.6
9.3
27.8
15.3
17.8
27.8

3,129

100.0

44.8

30.3

24.9

11.4

13.4

1,296
374
922
412
1,195
227

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

36.4
50.1
30.9
49.1
51.5
49.6

31.6
29.7
32.5
31.6
28.7
29.3

31.9
20.3
36.6
19.4
19.8
21.1

15.2
11.2
16.8
9.1
8.8
8.0

16.7
9.1
19.8
10.3
11.0
13.0

1,468

100.0

56.9

30.6

12.5

7.6

4.8

275
69
206
113
390
689

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

57.1
67.1
53.8
66.3
59.2
54.0

30.7
25.7
32.4
26.8
29.8
31.6

12.2
7.2
13.9
6.9
11.0
14.4

8.0
5.0
9.0
3.0
7.9
8.2

4.2
2.2
4.8
3.9
3.1
6.2

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,539

8,312

100.0

100.0

7,057

6,793

100.0

100.0

3,350
2,451
1,759
693
2,737
1,104
1,634
585
1,048

3,498
2,509
1,845
664
2,305
1,025
1,280
496
785

39.2
28.7
20.6
8.1
32.1
12.9
19.1
6.9
12.3

42.1
30.2
22.2
8.0
27.7
12.3
15.4
6.0
9.4

2,502
2,049
1,453
596
2,506
983
1,522
542
980

2,582
2,096
1,523
573
2,115
917
1,198
461
736

35.5
29.0
20.6
8.4
35.5
13.9
21.6
7.7
13.9

38.0
30.9
22.4
8.4
31.1
13.5
17.6
6.8
10.8

18.2
7.9

15.6
6.8

20.0
9.1

17.3
8.0

167

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
15. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

1985

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

1984

1985

1984

1985

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

8,312
1,468
1,738
2,341
1,340
813
518
93

3,498
835
785
925
480
259
174
39

2,509
449
543
722
398
240
130
25

1,025
112
197
311
187
124
83
10

1,280
71
212
383
275
189
131
20

15.6
8.0
13.4
16.4
19.1
21.2
22.8
19.8

6.8
4.4
6.1
7.6
8.9
10.0
10.4
6.9

39.2
52.2
41.2
37.2
34.1
32.6
28.9
39.2

42.1
56.9
45.2
39.5
35.8
31.9
33.6
41.4

32.1
16.9
28.9
33.6
38.9
40.3
46.7
38.8

27.7
12.5
23.5
29.6
34.5
38.5
41.3
31.3

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,521
806
944
1,244
706
459
307
55

1,696
436
379
428
219
124
92
19

1,367
256
304
380
205
132
74
15

627
73
125
186
105
79
53
7

830
41
136
250
177
124
88
14

18.0
8.5
15.1
19.1
22.6
24.4
26.0
23.3

8.2
4.6
7.1
9.1
10.7
12.2
12.4
9.7

35.2
49.5
37.9
32.8
29.0
27.6
25.9
36.6

37.5
54.1
40.1
34.4
31.0
27.0
29.9
34.2

36.4
18.1
32.8
38.4
45.0
45.6
50.3
42.3

32.2
14.1
27.7
35.1
40.0
44.2
45.8
38.0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,791
661
794
1,098
634
355
211
39

1,801
399
407
497
261
135
82
20

1,142
192
239
342
193
108
55
10

398
40
72
125
82
46
30
3

450
30
76
133
98
65
43
5

12.8
7.4
11.2
13.4
15.1
17.0
18.3
14.9

5.6
4.1
4.9
6.1
7.0
8.0
8.4
4.8

44.3
55.4
45.3
42.7
40.1
38.5
34.1
42.3

47.5
60.4
51.2
45.3
41.1
38.1
39.0
51.7

26.7
15.4
24.0
27.6
31.5
33.9
40.6
34.6

22.4
10.6
18.6
23.5
28.4
31.3
34.7
21.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

6,191
3,426
2,765

2,676
1,325
1,351

1,869
1,038
831

748
469
279

898
594
304

15.0
17.4
12.1

6.6
7.8
5.3

40.2
35.8
45.8

43.2
38.7
48.9

31.1
35.8
25.0

26.6
31.0
21.1

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,864
951
913

713
318
395

561
282
279

247
141
107

342
210
132

17.6
20.3
14.8

7.0
8.5
5.6

35.5
32.5
38.9

38.3
33.4
43.3

35.8
39.0
32.3

31.6
36.9
26.1

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,767
568
2,186

574
177
945

526
169
672

268
94
265

399
129
303

20.7
22.2
14.8

9.9
10.3
6.5

30.7
30.5
40.0

32.5
31.2
43.2

41.8
42.2
30.4

37.7
39.1
26.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,558
828
1,404

735
338
728

472
252
418

178
99
121

174
139
137

12.2
16.4
11.3

5.6
7.3
4.8

44.5
39.1
47.0

47.2
40.9
51.8

26.6
32.5
23.4

22.5
28.8
18.4

168




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
16. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
than

5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

1985

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
1984 1985 1984 1985

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

645
1,694
1,386
1,038
2,140
315

248
764
624
394
784
138

201
510
400
314
648
101

87
196
153
154
299
39

108
225
209
176
410
37

16.4
13.6
15.1
17.1
18.5
13.7

7.6
6.2
6.2
8.0
8.5
6.5

35.6
41.6
41.1
36.1
34.6
42.2

38.5
45.1
45.0
38.0
36.6
43.8

33.7
29.4
29.6
36.7
37.9
27.7

30.3
24.8
26.2
31.8
33.1
24.0

233
802
1,702

239

103
305
601
329
272
139
767
848
88

76
267
503
294
209
107
507
575
77

27
118
254
152
102
48
182
237
34

27
112
344
234
110
66
231
295
40

13.2
15.4
19.2
21.4
16.0
17.8
14.0
15.1
17.2

6.3
7.7
9.1
9.9
7.9
7.9
6.1
6.6
8.2

43.7
37.5
32.9
30.3
36.4
31.7
41.8
39.9
34.5

44.1
38.0
35.3
32.6
39.2
38.7
45.5
43.4
36.9

25.2
32.6
41.3
44.8
36.4
39.5
28.7
30.8
32.7

23.2
28.7
35.2
38.3
30.6
31.6
24.5
27.2
31.0

1,041

528

317

89

107

12.2

4.9

47.3

50.8

23.4

18.8

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience

1,009

692
360
1,687

1,953

Includes wage and salary workers only.




169

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
1985
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

8,312
1,468
1,738
2,341
1,340
813
518

6,986

93

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

397
75

24.3
14.9
25.9
27.6
27.6
27.2
23.4
13.3

5.9
3.4
5.8
6.6
7.1
7.0
6.5
5.3

76.1
81.4
76.8
76.2
73.7
72.3
69.0
66.7

34.4
25.6
34.2
37.5
39.2
35.5
35.8
30.7

17.4
14.3
16.5
18.6
18.4
19.7
18.6
20.0

4.7
3.2
3.6
4.5
5.8
6.8
8.3
6.7

1.63
1.43
1.63
1.71
1.72
1.69
1.62
1.43

4,521
806
944
1,244
706
459
307
55

3,672
746
797
968
532
344
237
47

26.1
15.4
28.6
31.7
30.1
27.0
21.9
10.6

5.7
2.7
5.6
7.1
6.8
7.0
5.9
4.3

77.5
82.6
77.9
77.5
75.9
74.1
70.0
70.2

32.1
22.8
32.5
36.4
36.8
32.6
31.2
27.7

19.8
15.8
19.4
22.3
20.5
21.8
19.0
21.3

5.6
3.4
3.9
5.1
7.7
9.3
11.0
6.4

1.67
1.43
1.68
1.80
1.78
1.72
1.59
1.40

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,791
661
794
1,098
634
355
211

22.2
14.4
22.9
23.5
25.1
27.5
25.8

6.1
4.2
6.0
6.1
7.3
7.0
8.2

74.6
80.0
75.7
74.8
71.6
70.1
67.9

36.9
29.1
36.2
38.6
41.3
39.1
42.8

14.7
12.6
13.2
14.8
16.1
16.9
18.2

3.7
3.2
3.3
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.4

39

3,314
626
721
950
545
284
159
28

1.58
1.43
1.57
1.62
1.65
1.65
1.67

0

o

0

White, 16 years and over..
Men
Women

6,191
3,426
2,765

5,059
2,693
2,366

23.1
25.2
20.8

5.9
5.8
6.1

76.3
77.5
74.9

36.0
33.3
39.1

17.6
20.0
14.9

4.8
6.0
3.5

1.64
1.68
1.59

Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

1,864
951
913

1,700
852
848

27.6
28.9
26.3

5.6
5.5
5.9

76.4
78.5
74.3

29.4
27.7
31.0

16.8
19.5
14.2

3.9
4.1
3.7

1.60
1.64
1.55

1,373

1,519
1,918
1,077
628

0

' Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed
because it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new

170




0

0

0

job within 30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not
collected. The percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
18. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
1985
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

6,986
2,969
870
2,124
1,022

24.3
30.6
22.6
20.3
15.8

5.9
6.4
8.0
5.5
3.5

76.1
77.5
75.7
73.2
78.7

34.4
36.1
41.0
33.5
25.2

17.4
20.2
17.1
15.1
14.4

4.7
5.0
3.3
5.3
3.6

1.63
1.76
1.68
1.53
1.41

4,521
2,749
409
876

3,672
1,977
402
814

487

479

26.1
30.8
23.9
21.7
16.3

5.7
5.8
8.2
5.8
3.1

77.5
77.8
77.1
74.8
81.0

32.1
33.9
39.1
30.1
21.9

19.8
21.6
19.4
18.1
15.7

5.6
5.9
3.7
7.2
3.3

1.67
1.76
1.71
1.58
1.41

3,791
1,390
468
1,380
552

3,314
992
468
1,311
543

22.2
30.2
21.6
19.4
15.3

6.1
7.5
7.9
5.3
3.9

74.6
76.8
74.6
72.1
76.6

36.9
40.6
42.7
35.8
28.2

14.7
17.2
15.2
13.1
13.3

3.7
3.1
3.0
4.2
3.9

1.58
1.76
1.65
1.50
1.41

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

8,312
4,139
877
2,256
1,039

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




number of
methods
used

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

171

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Industry and age
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

105,005
6,444
2,404
4,040
14,207
70,125
30,348
23,598
16,178
11,395
6,892
4,502
2,835

107,150
6,434
2,492
3,941
13,980
72,449
31,208
24,732
16,509
11,474
6,913
4,561
2,813

59,091
3,322
1,244
2,078
7,571
39,801
17,166
13,309
9,326
6,694
4,055
2,639
1,703

59,891
3,328
1,300
2,029
7,339
40,775
17,564
13,800
9,411
6,753
4,064
2,689
1,695

45,915
3,122
1,161
1,962
6,636
30,324
13,182
10,289
6,852
4,700
2,837
1,863
1,133

47,259
3,105
1,193
1,913
6,640
31,674
13,644
10,933
7,097
4,721
2,849
1,872
1,118

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,321
309
147
161
413
1,856
755
600
500
474
250
224
270

3,179
305
147
158
395
1,771
724
569
478
452
235
217
256

2,668
250
117
133
341
1,446
617
454
375
396
204
192
235

2,535
257
124
133
329
1,361
572
428
361
368
186
182
220

653
58
30
28
72
410
138
146
125
77
46
32
35

644
48
23
25
66
409
152
141
117
84
50
34
37

101,685
6,135
2,257
3,879
13,795
68,269
29,593
22,998
15,678
10,921
6,642
4,279
2,565

103,971
6,129
2,346
3,783
13,585
70,679
30,485
24,164
16,031
11,022
6,677
4,344
2,557

56,423
3,071
1,126
1,945
7,230
38,355
16,549
12,855
8,951
6,298
3,851
2,447
1,468

57,356
3,071
1,176
1,895
7,010
39,414
16,992
13,372
9,050
6,385
3,878
2,506
1,476

45,262
3,064
1,130
1,934
6,564
29,914
13,044
10,143
6,727
4,623
2,791
1,832
1,097

46,615
3,057
1,170
1,887
6,575
31,265
13,492
10,792
6,981
4,637
2,799
1,838
1,081

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

172




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
20. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over

1984
Total

1985

16 years
and over

1984

105,005 107,150 59,091

1985

Women
20 years
and over

1984

1985

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

1984

1985

1984

1985

59,891 55,769 56,562 45,915 47,259 42,793 44,154

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

24,858 25,851 14,529 14,802 14,444 14,712 10,329 11,049 10,232 10,940
11,571 12,221 7,683 7,871 7,646 7,834 3,889 4,351 3,856 4,310
497
322
311
310
526
203
204
185
186
322
7,847 8,377 5,526 5,748 5,494 5,715 2,320 2,630 2,296 2,598
3,228 3,318 1,845 1,800 1,842 1,797 1,383 1,517 1,375 1,509
13,286 13,630 6,846 6,932 6,798 6,879 6,440 6,699 6,376 6,629
1,627 1,683 1,526 1,570 1,524 1,568
113
99
113
101
501
571
394
347
346
154
178
178
154
392
360
376
287
298
287
72
77
78
72
297
775
728
671
620
104
670
107
108
104
620
1,929 2,006
262
289
261
1,713
287 1,668 1,717 1,664
619
393
643
417
227
392
225
224
226
415
3,441
960
3,523
950
2,573 2,454 2,546
941 2,481
950
678
568
671
549
568
110
122
110
549
122

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

32,476 33,231 11,556 11,725 10,993 11,161 20,920 21,507 19,365 19,921
3,172 3,255 1,646 1,719 1,620 1,689 1,527 1,537 1,506 1,516
1,112 1,115
185
185
182
927
183
922
929
919
1,060 1,115
832
881
819
862
234
228
219
227
1,001 1,026
652
629
644
619
374
372
369
368
12,582 12,667 6,550 6,579 6,187 6,225 6,032 6,088 5,150 5,209
3,220 3,316 2,265 2,282 2,245 2,257
955 1,033
938 1,013
1,992 2,099 1,228 1,239 1,219 1,232
764
745
839
860
1,473 1,509 1,228 1,244 1,219 1,232
246
239
257
264
5,843 5,682 1,810 1,791 1,485 1,482 4,033 3,890 3,196 3,064
54
63
19
19
23
37
34
22
32
40
3,427 3,187 3,248 13,361 13,882 12,708 13,196
16,722 17,309 3,361
305
332
305
331
712
647
341
379
380
342
246
262
253
254
779
718
489
464
443
518
106
114
113
104 4,765 4,888 4,532 4,667
5,002
4,877
238
242
245
234 2,207 2,262 2,151
2,503
2,452
2,205
516
532
548
504
805
800
240
255
273
253
1,776
1,946
1,898
1,821
7,228 7,507
5,001
5,200
5,330 5,561

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

14,151

4,804
25
1,455
3,325
1,298
165
1,515
347

8,607
955
217
7,435
3,194
1,577
1,094
1,569

8,747
968
227
7,552
3,182
1,582
1,131
1,657

7,473
763
193
6,517
2,529
1,487
1,031
1,470

7,631
793
203
6,634
2,523
1,491
1,069
1,550

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,057 13,340 11,945 12,213 11,591 11,868
4,376 4,475 4,244 4,322 4,123 4,202
4,573 4,745 4,494 4,650 4,325 4,484
4,108 4,120 3,207 3,241 3,142 3,182

1,112
132
79
901

1,127
153
95
878

1,073
127
73
873

1,092
151
89
852

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,864 16,816 12,479 12,539 11,390 11,444
7,984 7,840 4,702 4,681 4,496 4,485
6,737 6,589 3,904 3,869 3,754 3,721
3,718 3,641 2,575 2,548 2,482 2,451
3,019 2,949 1,329 1,322 1,272 1,269
812
798
742
1,247 1,251
765
4,467 4,535 4,098 4,160 3,966 4,024
3,213 3,303 2,906 2,965 2,797 2,853
1,255 1,232 1,192 1,195 1,169 1,171
4,413 4,441 3,679 3,697 2,928 2,935
668
686
650
665
573
580
3,745 3,755 3,029 3,032 2,354 2,354

4,385
3,282
2,833
1,143
1,690
449
369
307
62
734
17
717

4,277
3,159
2,720
1,093
1,627
439
375
338
37
744
21
723

4,148
3,157
2,734
1,104
1,630
422
355
293
62
636
15
621

4,068
3,046
2,641
1,063
1,578
405
358
322
37
663
19
644

562
180
382

552
189
363

502
178
323

503
188
315

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




3,355

3,428

14,441
1,006
1,718
1,678
11,481 11,718
4,989 5,094
1,746 1,760
2,802 2,815
1,943 2,049
993

3,600
1,442
2,158

3,470
1,359
2,111

1,832

5,545
38
1,461
4,046
1,795
169
1,708
374

3,037
1,262
1,776

1,844

5,695
38
1,491
4,166
1,912

178
1,684
392

2,917
1,170
1,748

1,799

4,651
27
1,422
3,201
1,186
159
1,527
330

2,700
1,245
1,455

1,809

2,572
1,156
1,417

1,523

1,584

1,494

1,550

173

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
21. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total

Women

Men

Occupation and race

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

105,005
100.0

107,150
100.0

59,091
100.0

59,891
100.0

45,915
100.0

47,259
100.0

23.7
11.0

24.1

24.6
13.0

24.7
13.1
11.6

22.5
8.5
14.0
45.6
3.3
13.1
29.1
18.7
2.1
.5

23.4
9.2

16.0
2.4
9.1
6.7
.8
1.6
1.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.7
30.9
3.0
12.0

11.4

12.7
31.0
3.0
11.8
16.2
13.5
.9

11.6
19.6
2.8

19.6
2.9

14.2
45.5
3.3

12.9
29.4
18.5
2.0
.5

11.1
5.7

11.0
5.7

9.5

12.4

9.4
.1
2.5
6.8
20.2

7.6
4.3
4.2
3.4

15.7
7.3
4.2
4.1
3.2

21.1
8.0
6.9
6.2
5.1

20.9
7.8
6.9
6.2
4.9

16.2
2.4
9.6
7.1
.8
1.6
1.2

92,120
100.0

93,736
100.0

52,462
100.0

53,046
100.0

39,659
100.0

40,690
100.0

24.6
11.6
13.0

25.1

25.8
13.8
12.0

23.3
8.9
14.4

31.6
3.0
12.7
15.9

31.5
3.0
12.4

25.7
13.7
12.0
20.0
2.8

19.9
2.9

11.8
5.4

11.6
5.4
8.5
.1
2.4
6.1
21.0
19.8
7.5
6.6
5.7

46.9
3.3
13.9

24.3
9.7
14.6
46.7
3.2

15.9
13.5

.9
1.6
10.9
12.4
16.1

1.6
10.9

.1
2.5
7.0
20.4

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.2
.7
1.5
9.9

12.0
13.1

16.1
12.2
.7
1.5

4.9

15.2
2.4
8.9
6.5
.8
1.6
1.3

13.5
30.0
17.1
1.6
.4
15.0
2.3
8.4
6.1
.8
1.5
1.3

29.8
17.2

4.1
3.9
3.3

8.4
.1
2.3
6.0
20.8
20.0
7.6
6.6
5.8
5.2

10,119
100.0

10,501
100.0

5,124
100.0

5,270
100.0

4,995
100.0

5,231
100.0

14.1
5.8
8.3
25.6
2.6
6.2
16.8
24.5
3.0
2.5
19.0
9.3
23.8
11.2
6.2
6.5
2.7

14.4
6.2
8.2
26.5
2.8
6.6
17.1
24.0
2.8
2.5

12.3
6.3
6.1
15.0
1.9
4.6
8.5
18.4
.1
4.1

12.4
6.6
5.7
15.5

18.8
9.0
23.5

14.2

15.8
5.2
10.6
36.5
3.3
7.8
25.3
30.7
5.9
.8
24.0
2.6
13.9
11.0

16.5
5.8
10.7
37.6
3.4
8.3
25.9
29.6
5.4
.8
23.4
2.6
13.2
10.2

1.0

.8
2.2
.5

12.9

15.2
7.2
4.1
4.0
3.5

9.9
12.9
14.9
6.9

1.6
.4

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
,
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

174




10.7
5.9
6.9
2.6

15.8

33.6
11.4
11.2
11.0

4.9

2.1
5.0
8.4
18.5
.2

4.1
14.2
15.4
33.6
11.1
10.9
11.6
4.6

1.8
.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

1985
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

107,150

44.1

9.8

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Financial managers
Personnel and labor relations managers
Purchasing managers
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations
Administrators, education and related fields
Managers, medicine and health
Managers, properties and real estate
Management-related occupations
Accountants and auditors
Underwriters and other financial officers
Management analysts
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
Construction inspectors
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction

25,851
12,221
462
394
110
99
419
480
106
342
3,318
1,263
621
158
343
207
46
164

42.7
35.6
40.7
35.7
44.5
24.4
23.8
48.2
59.2
41.0
45.7
44.1
48.0
29.4
56.5
48.7
7.3
22.9

5.9
5.3
8.7
3.1
5.6
4.0
3.9
9.4
8.1
5.1
6.5
5.9
5.9
4.7
11.6
2.4
3.7
13.1

3.3
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.6
4.6
5.9
4.0
4.2
3.8
2.2
5.3
3.1
7.2
5.2

Professional specialty
Architects
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Natural scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Geologists and geodesists
Biological and life scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Physicians
Dentists
Health assessment and treating occupations
Registered nurses
Pharmacists
Dietitians
Therapists
Inhalation therapists
Physical therapists
Speech therapists
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten
Elementary school
Secondary school
Special education
Teachers, n.e.c
Counselors, educational and vocational
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Social scientists and urban planners
Economists
Psychologists
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Clergy
Religious workers, n.e.c
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Authors
Technical writers
Designers
Musicians and composers
Actors and directors
Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers ...,
Photographers
Editors and reporters
Public relations specialists
Announcers
Athletes

13,630
130
1,683
95
64
221
544
178
272
571
359
164
376
111
58
64
728
492
131
2,006
1,447
172
81
257
70
60
58
643
3,523
329
1,360
1,175
206
454
177
215
201
286
102
150
873
438
76
289
70
671
642
1,725
70
48
484
152
77
200
129
230
143
51
64

49.1
11.3
6.7
4.7
8.8
4.7
8.3
10.9
3.7
31.1
28.0
34.9
20.8
21.0
14.8
33.3
14.8
17.2
6.5
85.6
95.1
29.8
93.9
76.2
64.3
72.5
93.8
35.2
73.0
98.8
84.0
54.0
85.0
65.3
55.9
84.7
87.0
42.6
34.5
50.4
45.6
66.7
67.5
6.0
53.0
18.2
18.1
44.5
48.0
35.6
51.1
30.3
37.9
50.0
27.3
51.7
48.7
24.9
20.5

6.3
3.1
2.6
1.3
2.4
1.8
3.4
2.9
2.2
5.6
5.5
5.3
2.9
5.6
.5
1.6
3.2
3.7
2.6
7.0
6.8
3.2
19.3
7.2
12.9
3.7
2.3
3.9
9.2
11.9
11.1
7.6
9.9
5.3
11.7
6.1
6.6
5.2
3.4
6.6
12.6
17.6
13.0
7.3
3.0
3.3
3.0
4.7
2.3
2.2
3.0
9.3
7.2
3.2
5.2
4.1
7.4
6.7
5.8

3.0
4.6
2.6
6.9
2.4
2.6
2.0
3.1
2.1
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.4
3.6
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.9
2.1
2.4
2.1
2.0
3.4
4.2
4.6
6.7
.7
3.0
3.1
5.4
2.7
3.2
2.1
3.1
5.8
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.7
5.6
6.8
3.3
2.8
2.3
2.3
3.3
2.1
1.6
3.6
3.3
.6
2.9
3.1
2.3
3.1
3.0
4.6

See note at end of table.




175

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Dental hygienists
Radiologic technicians
Licensed practical nurses
Engineering and related technologists and technicians
Electrical and electronic technicians
Drafting occupations
Surveying and mapping technicians
Science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Airplane pilots and navigators
Computer programmers
Legal assistants

32,231
3,255

Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Insurance sales
Real estate sales
Securities and financial services sales
Advertising and related sales
Sales occupations, other business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
Sales workers, apparel
Sales workers, shoes
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Sales workers, parts
Sales workers, other commodities
Sales counter clerks
Cashiers
Street and door-to-door sales workers
News vendors
Sales-related occupations

12,667
3,316
2,099
541
659
266
148

Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
General office
Financial records processing
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks
Computer equipment operators
Computer operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Secretaries
Stenographers
Typists
Information clerks
Interviewers
Hotel clerks
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Receptionists
Records processing occupations, except financial
Order clerks
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks
File clerks
Records clerks
Financial records processing
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Billing clerks
Cost and rate clerks
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators
Telephone operators
Mail and message distributing occupations
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Mail carriers, postal service
Mail clerks, except postal service
Messengers

17,309
712
421
87

See note at end of table.

176




1,115
295
56
121
402

904
304
297
64
211
54
88
1,026
77
534
148

485
1,509
5,682
275
465

108
161

170
198

153
1,388
140

2,174
325
126
63

156
779
774
5,002
4,059

62
880

1,257
172
71
106
679
842
198
62
136

290
134
2,503
2,037
177
158
82
65
223
215
805
258
255
168
124

Black

Hispanic
origin

64.7
47.2
83.4
75.5
99.5
73.8
96.9
18.1
13.1
17.4
9.8
33.3
43.2
25.3
36.4
2.6
34.3
75.6

8.4
8.9
13.6
11.0
2.0
7.5
19.6
6.4
9.1
3.9
4.7
8.1
9.2
7.2
6.2
1.0
6.4
7.3

5.0
4.0
4.1
4.9
2.0
2.7
4.5
4.9
5.0
5.5
2.3
3.8
5.5
3.4
3.2
.1
2.5
4.6

48.1
31.2
41.0
27.7
51.6
24.6
51.5
47.2
17.5
68.5
7.7
82.7
58.2
51.0
28.3
22.7
12.2
74.6
72.2
83.1
76.1
30.7
63.7

5.5
3.8
3.4
4.7
2.3
2.2
5.7
3.5
2.3
8.2
4.2
7.8

4.4
4.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
1.2
2.7
3.5
3.1
5.6
4.8
5.5
10.4
4.2
4.2
5.4
5.7
4.4
7.3
6.4
5.4
5.5
3.1

80.2
53.4
64.1
69.8
20.6
66.4
66.5
97.7
98.4
85.9
95.6
90.1
84.6
72.7
67.0
97.6
81.1
78.8
92.2
79.9
81.0
80.4
90.3
91.5
86.8
87.7
73.5
69.4
88.0
88.8
33.9
41.4
17.2
50.9
29.5

10.6
4.2
4.4
3.6
3.2
6.1
7.5
12.1
4.1
5.0
2.1
10.4

12.3
12.5
6.1
16.1
13.5
13.5
8.2
6.5
5.6
16.0
8.4

11.2
7.5
12.7
6.7
14.1

12.6
11.7
10.8

17.4
13.8
5.5
4.7

5.6
4.5
4.1
4.4
5.9
5.9
5.9
4.5
4.3

1.0
5.8
6.4
6.5
5.1

4.9
6.2
7.0
5.0
6.4
6.7
8.5
7.4
4.2

9.1
7.7
11.9

4.1
4.3
5.0
3.0

11.7
17.7
17.9
19.8
26.1
11.7
22.8
19.5

8.9
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.0
4.7
5.7
7.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

11.6
9.9
5.9
13.1
12.6
11.0
9.4
11.2
9.5
11.2
18.7
10.2
12.9
12.0
6.0
19.5
13.8
17.8

7.1
1.8
4.7
10.6
6.6
10.0
4.1
6.6
4.9
5.8
15.3
8.4
6.8
6.7
6.6
7.6
5.0
11.1

Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers
Production coordinators
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Stock and inventory clerks
Weighers, measurers, and checkers
Expediters
Adjusters and investigators
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bill and account collectors
Miscellaneous administrative support
General office clerks
Bank tellers
Data entry keyers
Statistical clerks
Teachers' aides

2,728
694
484
353
96
379

39.9
47.9
48.6
25.5
41.1
49.2
61.9
71.8
65.9
74.5
87.7
66.3
85.1
80.1
93.0
90.7
75.4
93.6

Service occupations
Private household
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Protective service
Supervisors, protective service
Supervisors, police and detectives
Firefighting and fire prevention
Firefighting occupations
Police and detectives
Police and detectives, public service
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Correctional institution officers
Guards
Guards and police, except public service

14,441
1,006
399
550
1,718
134
73
209
186
652
419
86
147
722
615

96.2
96.9
95.8
13.2
5.8
4.6
1.4
.8
10.1
8.2
8.2
16.6
20.9
14.5

17.5
28.9
8.9
42.3
15.1
9.5
8.7
5.9
6.1
13.5
11.3
10.4
21.6
20.2
21.9

8.1
9.8
4.3
13.3
5.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.3
6.1
6.6
6.5
4.2
6.6
7.0

Service occupations, except private household and protective service
Food preparation and service occupations
Supervisors
Bartenders
Waiters and waitresses
Cooks, except short order
Short-order cooks
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation
Waiters' and waitresses' assistants
Miscellaneous food preparation
Health service occupations
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Cleaning and building service occupations
Supervisors
Maids and housemen
Janitors and cleaners
Personal service occupations
Barbers
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
Public transportation attendants
Welfare service aides
Child care workers

11,718
5,094
284
324
1,367
1,553
103
333
134
350
646
1,760
168
350
1,242
2,815
148
563
2,049
2,049
91
707
125
65
82
738

64.4
62.5
67.0
47.9
84.0
51.3
36.5
79.5
74.8
40.1
53.9
89.9
99.0
85.6
89.9
40.2
36.2
83.5
29.4
80.9
15.5
89.9
39.9
78.8
92.6
96.1

16.8
12.0
11.0
4.9
4.7
18.4
20.7
10.0
18.0
12.2
14.6
24.5
3.6
17.8
29.2
25.0
22.6
30.8
24.0
11.0
12.9
8.2
9.3
13.2
23.3
10.6

8.3
8.3
7.6
3.8
5.5
9.1
4.4
4.9
9.9
15.2
13.0
5.6
7.2
7.1
4.9
11.1
9.9
12.7
10.9
6.8
7.2
7.0
4.9
4.8
13.4
5.9

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Supervisors
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
Automobile mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationery engine mechanics
Aircraft engine mechanics
Small engine repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Industrial machinery repairers
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Electronic repairers, communications, and industrial equipment ..
Data processing equipment repairers
Household appliance and power tool repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Telephone installers and repairers
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Office machine repairers
Millwrights

13,340
4,475
266
4,209
1,850
906
347
90
75
212
162
531
701
159
119
50
68
229
251
841
63
87

8.4
3.4
8.3
3.1
.8
.7
.4
4.2
.3
1.2
.1
2.5
8.1
5.6
10.4
2.4
2.6
12.8
.6
5.0
5.7
2.3

7.1
6.9
6.2
6.9
6.2
7.5
6.6
5.6
3.1
4.2
3.8
6.6
8.3
8.6
6.4
9.9
6.4
9.1
4.1
7.7
9.8
7.0

7.4
6.6
3.2
6.8
7.8
8.3
5.9
10.3
3.7
10.2
6.0
5.8
6.5
7.1
4.4
4.1
10.1
6.5
6.0
5.8
5.1
4.0

1,669
187
181
491
546
76
113
723
220
348
58
97

See note at end of table.




177

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Occupation

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Construction trades
Supervisors
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Carpet installers
Carpenters
Drywall installers
Electricians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Insulation workers
Roofers
Structural metal workers
Extractive occupations
Supervisors
Drillers, oil wells
Precision production occupations
Supervisors
Precision metalworking
Tool and die makers
Machinists
Sheet-metal workers
Precision woodworking occupations
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers ....
Dressmakers
Upholsterers
Precision workers, assorted materials
Optical goods workers
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Precision food production occupations
Butchers and meat cutters
Bakers
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Plant and system operators
Stationary engineers

4,745
602
4,143
173

2.0
1.3
2.1
.5

92

.8
1.2
1.2
1.6
.8

51
338
429
286
104
131
124
228
104

38.0
71.8

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Machine operators and tenders, except precision
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators
Lathe and turning machine operators
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .
Metal and plastic processing machine operators
Molding and casing machine operators
Woodworking machine operators
Sawing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Printing machine operators
Typesetters and compositors
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators
Winding and twisting machine operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Shoe machine operators
Pressing machine operators
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Machine operators, assorted materials
Packaging and filling machine operators
Mixing and blending machine operators
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food
Crushing and grinding machine operators
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Photographic process machine operators
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters
Assemblers
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Production testers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural

16,816
7,840

25.4
40.3
41.9
17.6

See note at end of table.

178




1,259
140
636
107
496
454
85
59
178
68
194
53
50
3,926
1,317
914
143
502
128
110

59
256
105
82
541
49

5,191
470
68
116
141
162
102
142
92
441
291

73
1,336
81
760
44
142
176
2,618
385
123
53
207
105

46
199
97
1,833
587
1,047

815
642
57
106

6.3
1.0
.2
2.8
1.9
.7
1.1

1.6
1.0
22.3

14.4
6.3
2.0
3.7
5.2
15.5
4.4
55.1
95.5

19.9
57.9
45.9
27.7
19.3
41.0
24.1
22.6
3.2
2.7

9.6
29.1
13.8
25.2
35.2
10.2

5.9
27.8
15.9
70.5
79.8
77.9
90.8
66.5
68.6
62.6
32.1
60.1
7.3
13.3
15.6
3.6
18.7
25.0
54.5
30.8
4.8
41.8
51.2
52.2
33.1
58.1

Black
6.7
3.4
7.2
17.1
5.1
4.8
6.1
4.7
9.3
8.5
6.1
26.5
7.1
10.9
4.2
2.6
3.9
1.6
8.1
7.9
5.5
1.6
6.1
6.6
3.8
.8
7.2
4.6
6.5
9.5
3.8
8.2
11.6
11.9
13.1
10.3
8.8
8.7
11.1
10.3
14.7
14.3
15.0
10.4
5.9
15.2
11.1
11.1
11.0
15.5
15.8
5.3
6.0

3.1
19.2
35.9
14.9
12.3
29.3
20.6
15.6
21.7
20.0
9.9
11.2
12.3
6.0
14.1
11.5
13.0
8.2
16.4
12.5
11.7
7.2
19.5

Hispanic
origin

6.9
4.9
7.2
9.3
4.6
6.4
10.3
4.2
2.8
8.3
5.3
21.4

6.9
11.5
5.8
9.2
6.4
8.8

8.9
6.4
7.8
2.5
8.6
7.5
9.1
10.2

15.7
12.6

17.8
13.3
5.2

7.9
15.8
12.0

13.2
6.2
7.4
7.4
5.1
3.4
10.0

11.7
12.5

7.9
8.2
9.5
8.8

9.5
11.2
7.4
8.8

6.9
7.6
3.9
15.7
.3

19.9
14.8
15.2

12.0
13.1
17.1
14.9
6.9
17.1
6.0
9.7
18.2
11.6
11.0

9.6
11.4
8.1
6.7
5.5
17.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Occupation

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Truck drivers, heavy
Truck drivers, light
Drivers-sales workers
Bus drivers
Taxi-cab drivers and chauffeurs
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles
Rail transportation occupations
Locomotive operating occupations
Water transportation occupations
Material moving equipment operators
Operating engineers
Crane and tower operators
Excavating and loading machine operators
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators

4,535
3,303
1,838
576
214
394
183
208
148
59
60
1,024
157
91
113
102
398

8.3
10.2
2.1
10.6
6.7
49.2
10.9
2.0
2.1
2.5
1.9
3.2
1.4
.7
1.2
1.4
3.1

13.7
14.1
12.9
12.9
6.3
20.8
23.8
5.8
7.4
5.7
1.7
13.8
8.0
12.3
8.4
3.7
20.9

7.0
6.9
5.9
9.5
5.6
5.8
11.0
3.1
3.1
4.3
3.1
8.0
6.0
6.3
4.7
3.5
10.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations ...
Helpers, construction trades
Construction laborers
Production helpers
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Stock handlers and baggers
Machine feeders and offbearers
Garage and service station related occupations
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Hand packers and packagers
Laborers, except construction

4,441
165
149
686
81
1,594
818
93
283
218
304
1,066

16.7
3.8
3.9
3.1
25.3
16.0
22.1
32.4
6.8
12.5
65.2
18.0

16.3
11.8
13.0
16.7
14.5
17.0
11.9
24.7
9.9
25.0
15.3
16.3

10.2
14.0
14.5
13.0
14.5
7.5
6.9
5.9
8.3
14.6
10.6
10.6

3,470
1,359
1,244

15.9
13.9
14.2
11.2
18.3
23.6
23.3
11.9
3.7
5.8
58.2
3.9
1.0
5.0

7.8
1.4
1.3
2.3
11.9
11.3
11.6
12.6
6.6
14.7
5.1
17.9
19.6
1.1

9.4
1.1
.9
3.0
15.6
17.7
17.1
12.9
10.3
14.2
1.9
1.8
.4
9.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Farmers
Farm managers
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial
Farm workers
Related agricultural occupations
Supervisors
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
Animal caretakers, except farm
Forestry and logging occupations
Timber cutting and logging
Fishers, hunters, and trappers

115
1,948
1,064
993
885
120
662
83
101
77
61

NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates
broad categories of occupations which cannot be more specifically identified.




179

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
1985
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers
Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

SelfWage and
employed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

95,871
6,028
2,296
3,732
13,237
28,492
21,892
14,410
9,786
5,960
3,826
2,026

1,249
246
173
73
141
190
167
181
204
102
102
119

16,031
342
116
227
1,209
4,357
4,611
3,110
2,056
1,277
779
344

78,592
5,439
2,007
3,432
11,887
23,944
17,114
11,119
7,526
4,581
2,945
1,564

7,811
82
39
43
324
1,942
2,191
1,557
1,197
697
500
518

289
19
10
9
24
51
80
64
39
21
18
12

1,535
235
107
128
296
426
254
164
109
60
49
50

1,458
33
19
13
77
275
281
285
316
159
158
192

185
37
21
17
22
23
34
29
26
16
10
14

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

52,111
3,001
1,140
1,861
6,786
15,729
11,953
8,016
5,522
3,384
2,138
1,103

170
64
46
19
24
28
14
12
14
6
7
13

7,757
153
52
101
548
2,030
2,234
1,580
1,027
638
390
185

44,183
2,784
1,043
1,741
6,214
13,670
9,705
6,424
4,481
2,740
1,740
904

5,207
58
29
29
214
1,260
1,416
1,030
860
492
368
369

38
12
7
6
10
3
3
4
2
1
1
4

1,230
196
88
108
246
334
196
124
92
50
42
42

1,244
31
19
13
68
233
230
236
275
136
140
171

60
30
17
12
15
4
2
1
1
1
1
7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

43,761
3,026
1,156
1,870
6,451
12,763
9,939
6,394
4,264
2,576
1,689
923

1,078
182
128
54
117
162
153
169
190
96
95
106

8,274
190
64
126
662
2,327
2,377
1,530
1,029
640
390
158

34,409
2,655
964
1,690
5,672
10,274
7,409
4,695
3,045
1,841
1,204
659

2,603
24
10
14
110
681
776
527
336
204
132
149

251
7
4
3
14
48
77
60
37
19
17
8

305
39
19
20
50
92
58
40
18
11
7
8

214
1
1
1
9
42
51
49
41
23
18
21

125
8
3
4
7
19
32
28
25
16
9
7

180




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex and class of worker
(In thousands)

Industry and sex

Wage and salary workers
Total
employed

Total1

TOTAL
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households ...
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration

939
6,987
20,879
12,586
8,293
7,548
22,296
4,341
17,955
7,005
33,321
1,254
32,067
5,969
3,098
1,278
21,563
4,269
3,641
8,107
2,410
3,136
159
4,995

917
5,645
20,511
12,361
8,150
7,224
20,387
4,018
16,369
6,429
29,763
1,249
28,514
4,742
2,206
1,110
20,338
4,264
3,305
8,007
2,229
2,533
118
4,995

Men
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households ...
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration

795
6,370
14,127
9,278
4,849
5,513
11,742
3,109
8,633
2,886
12,964
175
12,789
3,775
992
769
7,119
1,007
840
2,813
760
1,700
132
2,958

776
5,122
13,865
9,102
4,763
5,240
10,641
2,853
7,787
2,511
10,998
170
10,828
2,912
779
656
6,385
1,003
592
2,794
725
1,270
96
2,958

Women
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair
Personal, except private households ...
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Educational
Social services
Other
Forestry and fisheries
Public administration

144
617
6,752
3,308
3,444
2,035
10,554
1,232
9,322
4,119
20,358
1,079
19,279
2,194
2,106
508
14,444
3,263
2,801
5,295
1,649
1,436
27
2,037

141
523
6,646
3,259
3,387
1,984
9,746
1,164
8,582
3,919
18,764
1,078
17,686
1,830
1,427
455
13,953
3,261
2,712
5,213
1,504
1,262
22
2,037




Government

1
502
157
126
31
1,393
109
2
107
151
8,724
8,724
73
10
181
8,395
1,005
367
6,362
536
125
65
4,995
1
456
118
100
18
1,078
38
1
36
89
3,021
3,021
47
3
106
2,812
327
86
2,180
139
81
51
2,958

46
39
26
13
315
71
70
61
5,704
5,704
26
7
75
5,582
678
281
4,182
397
44
13
2,037

Private
industries

Selfemployed
workers

916
5,143
20,355
12,235
8,119
5,831
20,278
4,016
16,262
6,279
21,039
1,249
19,790
4,668
2,196
929
11,943
3,259
2,938
1,645
1,693
2,408
53

20
1,301
347
211
136
315
1,792
305
1,487
558
3,477
6
3,471
1,185
882
165
1,199
5
323
99
177
594
40

775
4,666
13,747
9,002
4,745
4,162
10,603
2,852
7,751
2,421
7,977
170
7,807
2,865
776
549
3,572
676
507
615
586
1,189
45

19
1,244
260
175
85
273
1,084
254
829
373
1,955
5
1,950
856
212
113
733
3
246
19
35
430
36

140
All
6,607
3,233
3,374
1,669
9,675
1,164
8,511
3,857
13,060
1,078
11,982
1,804
1,420
380
8,371
2,584
2,431
1,031
1,107
1,218
8

1
57
88
36
51
42
709
51
658
186
1,522
1
1,521
329
670
52
466
1
77
81
142
165
4

Unpaid
family
workers

2
41
20
13
7
9
117
19
99
17
82
82
42
10
3
27
13
4
9
1

4
2
2
1
18
2
16
3
11
11
7
1
1
1

2
37
18
12
6
8
99
17
82
15
72
12
35
9
2
25

181

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
25. Employed civilians by industry, sex, and occupation
(In thousands)
1985
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and sex

TOTAL
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries ...
Professional services
Public administration
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminiscians
ployed
Private
trative
ProfesOther
trative,
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
specialty related
including hold
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
Transportion,
ators,
equipment
and
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

3,179
939
6,987
20,879
12,586
8,293

57
138
829
2,288
1,419
869

62
94
141
1,637
1,148
489

23
47
57
746
540
206

13
14
74
715
300
415

96
114
441
2,528
1,464
1,065

11
9
31
399
221
173

37
302
4,015
4,018
2,854
1,164

8
27
91
6,589
3,641
2,949

45
162
495
824
424
400

13
32
799
1,051
498
553

2,814
1
15
84
73
10

7,548
22,296
4,341
17,955

791
1,840
470
1,369

435
404
67
336

232
82
37
45

307
9,166
1,696
7,470

2,041
2,284
826
1,458

237
4,230
41
4,189

1,311
1,454
303
1,151

112
270
130
140

1,611
854
438
417

458
1,679
320
1,358

13
34
12
22

7,005
33,321
1,254
32,067
21,563
4,995

1,649
3,562
1
3,560
2,014
1,069

152
10,045
10
10,035
8,984
660

119
1,722
9
1,713
1,431
229

1,669
683
1
682
128
26

2,918
5,492
11
5,481
4,008
1,396

282
7,073
81
6,992
4,022
1,163

113
1,836
8
1,828
389
254

15
693
2
692
171
35

14
471
6
465
248
59

22
346
26
321
83
42

52
393
94
299
85
64

2,535
795
6,370
14,127
9,278
4,849

43
118
740
1,790
1,131
659

47
84
132
1,317
996
321

9
35
51
576
434
142

6
12
59
510
241
269

8
24
52
755
479
276

5
7
23
315
185
130

35
299
3,949
3,361
2,387
973

6
25
89
3,869
2,548
1,322

42
160
488
790
410
380

10
31
773
763
395
369

2,324
1
14
80
72
8

5,513
11,742
3,109
8,633

563
1,103
323
780

343
203
47
156

184
46
25
21

131
4,537
1,444
3,093

862
420
171
249

144
1,797
29
1,768

1,244
1,298
290
1,007

98
169
85
84

1,499
801
426
375

433
1,344
259
1,085

13
24
10
14

2,886
12,964
175
12,789
7,119
2,958

902
1,970
1
1,969
974
641

92
4,272
1
4,271
3,656
443

58
600
1
599
415
160

1,038
279
279
37
8

398
609
2
607
339
300

205
2,175
5
2,170
1,038
984

106
1,679
7
1,672
342
243

9
387
1
386
76
28

12
312
4
308
110
56

19
289
25
264
62
35

48
353
90
263
70
60

644
144
617
6,752
3,308
3,444

14
20
88
498
288
210

15
11
9
320
152
168

14
12
6
170
106
64

7
2
15
204
59
146

88
90
389
1,773
985
789

6
1
8
84
41
43

2
3
66
657
466
191

2
2
2
2,720
1,093
1,627

3
2
7
34
14
21

3
1
25
287
104
184

490

2,035
10,554
1,232
9,322

228
737
147
589

92
201
20
180

47
36
12
24

177
4,629
25;
4,377

1,179
1,864
655
1,209

93
2,433
12
2,420

68
156
12
144

14
101
45
56

112
53
12
41

25
335
61
274

10
2
8

4,119
20,358
1,079
19,279
14,444
2,037

747
1,592
1
1,591
1,040
427

61
5,773
9
5,764
5,329
217

61
1,122
8
1,114
1,017
69

63i
404
1
404
90
18

2,520
4,883
9
4,874
3,669
1,096

77
4,898
75
4,823
2,983
179

7
156
1
155
47
11

6
306

2
159
2
157
138
3

3
57
1
56
21
7

4
40
5
35
15
4

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

182

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

1,006
1,006

38
38

968
968

306
95
6

1
4
1
3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Employed civilians by industry, race, and occupation
(In thousands)
1985
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry and race

WHITE
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
BLACK
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service

Total
Executive,
TechniemAdminisadminiscians
ployed
trative
ProfesPrivate
trative,
Other
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

2,936
895
6,409
18,216
11,120
7,096

55
134
795
2,173
1,347
826

60
91
131
1,505
1,051
454

6,414
19,965
4,017
15,948

724
1,673
445
1,228

395
381
62
319

6,262
28,483
873
27,610
18,480
4,155

1,532
3,249
1
3,248
1,823
922

138
9,026
8
9,018
8,051
579

107
1,456
4
1,452
1,207
197

189
32
473
2,085
1,086
1,000

1
2
22
67
39
28

1
1
2
50
30
20

947
1,658
236
1,422

51
89
12
77

548
3,879
350
3,529

74
230

690

230
150
113

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
opertion,
Transporators,
and
equipment
craft,
tation
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

12
14
71
677
289
389

93
105
420
2,297
1,338
959

10
8
23
311
184
127

34
290
3,714
3,590
2,563
1,027

6
25
86
5,446
3,063
2,383

41
154
444
667
341
327

12
28
662
823
411
411

2,591
1
13
64
56
8

206
281
77 8,398
33 1,630
44 6,768

1,662
2,087
763
1,324

180
3,579
33
3,546

1,163
1,342
278
1,064

88
229
109
120

1,355
745
382
363

350
1,423
270
1,153

11
30
12
19

219
5,434
53
5,381
2,991
979

1,661
7
1,654
338
215

12
562
1
561
138
28

10
391
5
386
208
41

18
276
22
254
68
27

45
329
70
259
69
48

3
6
46
148
78
70

1
3
127
206
78
128

175

230
99
52
47

99
210
44
166

2
2
1
1

69
36
15

3
61
4
57
13
14

6
52
22
29
14
14

23
44
50
664
478
186

1,577
619
1
618
113
19

2,507
4,788
9
4,779
3,473
1,101

2
3
48
31
16

2
27
7
20

1
7
15
180
93
87

2
1
7
82
40
43

244
319
198
121

1
1
3
942
476
466

24
14
3
11

17
3
3
1

18
534
36
498

312
150
44
107

48
445
7
438

124
79
16
63

22
32
18
14

8
705
2
703
652
61

6
188
3
184
163
24

61
47

316
568
1
566
434
249

57
1,429
25
1,404
918
159

12
128
1
127
40
29

1
112
1
111
30
6

47
12
6

692
692

291
291

1
17
15
2

Includes protective service, not shown separately.




183

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27. Employed civilians in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)

1985
Manufacturing
Sex, age, and race
Mining

Construction
Total

NonDurable
durable
goods
goods

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
and
retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate

Services1

Public
administration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

939
13
926
99
827
721
107

6,987
325
6,662
990
5,672
4,866
806

20,879 12,586
294
579
20,300 12,292
2,418 1,427
17,882 10,865
15,134 9,251
2,748 1,613

8,293
285
8,008
991
7,017
5,883
1,135

7,548
124
7,424
696
6,728
5,832
896

22,296
3,206
19,091
4,098
14,993
12,423
2,570

7,005
203
6,802
983
5,819
4,883
937

32,067
1,357
30,711
3,793
26,918
22,434
4,485

4,995
75
4,920
367
4,553
3,848
706

Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

795
11
785
82
703
611
92

6,370
299
6,071
906
5,165
4,436
729

14,127
388
13,739
1,545
12,194
10,290
1,904

9,278
212
9,066
990
8,076
6,844
1,232

4,849
176
4,673
555
4,118
3,445
672

5,513
77
5,436
466
4,970
4,253
718

11,742
1,565
10,177
2,055
8,122
6,722
1,401

2,886
52
2,835
253
2,583
2,042
541

12,789
582
12,207
1,515
10,692
8,668
2,024

2,958
33
2,925
164
2,761
2,336
424

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

144
2
142
17
125
111
15

617
26
590
84
506
429
76

6,752
192
6,560
873
5,687
4,844
844

3,308
82
3,225
437
2,788
2,407
381

3,444
109
3,335
435
2,900
2,437
462

2,035
47
1,988
230
1,758
1,579
179

10,554
1,641
8,913
2,644
6,869
5,701
1,169

4,119
151
3,968
730
3,238
2,841
397

19,279
775
18,504
2,278
16,226
13,764
2,461

2,037
42
1,995
203
1,792
1,512
281

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

761
10
751
79
672
582
91

5,830
282
5,548
835
4,713
4,046
667

12,518
353
12,165
1,356
10,809
9,081
1,728

8,280
196
8,084
881
7,203
6,078
1,126

4,238
157
4,081
475
3,606
3,003
602

4,736
70
4,666
398
4,268
3,631
637

10,456
1,400
9,056
1,798
7,258
5,960
1,299

2,608
47
2,561
215
2,346
1,844
502

11,117
497
10,620
1,281
9,339
7,533
1,805

2,562
26
2,536
143
2,393
2,016
377

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

134
1
132
15
117
103
15

579
24
554
77
477
403
74

5,698
167
5,530
745
4,785
4,016
769

2,840
74
2,766
383
2,383
2,032
351

2,858
93
2,764
362
2,402
1,984
419

1,678
41
1,637
197
1,440
1,276
164

9,509
1,474
8,035
1,821
6,214
5,116
1,098

3,654
131
3,524
656
2,868
2,492
375

16,494
697
15,797
1,985
13,812
11,710
2,102

1,593
30
1,563
146
1,417
1,175
243

24

444
13
431
57
374
320
53

1,269
29
1,240
153
1,087
939
148

743
13
730
84
646
558
87

526
17
510
69
441
380
60

658
6
652
56
596
529
68

908
131
777
198
579
507
71

203
4
199
29
170
140
29

1,246
70
1,176
186
990
821
169

311
6
305
18
287
251
37

28
1
27
6
21
19
2

816
20
795
100
695
646
50

343
7
335
36
299
280
19

473
13
460
63
397
366
31

289
4
285
27
258
245
12

749
132
617
175
442
398
45

345
15
330
58
272
256
16

2,282
62
2,220
237
1,983
1,673
310

379
9
369
53
316
286
30

White

Black
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over
Excludes private households.

184




23
2
21
21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Agriculture
Agricultural production, crops
Agricultural production, livestock
Agricultural services, except horticultural
Horticultural services

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

6.2

107,150

44.1

3,179
1,302

20.3
17.1
22.6
46.6
8.4

5.9
8.4
2.4
5.2
8.7

9.2
12.0
3.5
11.9
14.3

15.3
11.5

7.2
9.7
1.5
9.2
4.3

1,179
252
447

9.3

3.4
1.2
1.2
3.7
6.6

6,987

8.8

6.8

6.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Logging
Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Structural clay, pottery, and related products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling, and finishing mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal industries
Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal forging and stampings
Ordnance
Miscellaneous and not specified fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metal working machinery
Office and accounting machines
Electronic computing equipment
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c. and not specified
Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. and not specified ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scientific and controlling instruments
Optical and health services supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Toys, amusements, and sporting goods
Miscellaneous and not specified manufacturing industries

20,879

32.3
26.3
14.0

10.0
8.6
15.0
24.0

7.6
7.1
4.5
.2
5.0
7.8
6.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Dairy products
Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Sugar and confectionary products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous and not specified food preparations and kindred products

8,293
1,720
385
176
234
117
273
109
236
191

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
Construction

939
51
188
594
107

12,586
693
135
359
69
130
597
577
167

206
85
119
810

379
129
125
178
1,304

122
465
79
135
105
398
2,626
90
115
255
300

112
688
1,067
2,232

169
559
1,504
2,586
1,208
618
314
348
71
686
246
281
142

124
351

4.5
20.1

4.4
12.5
22.9
23.5
27.8
24.2
35.3
8.2
35.6
28.2
11.2
7.6
13.2
11.4
17.4
22.2
37.5
15.5
24.2
22.3
23.9
24.3
23.7
19.8
17.7
16.7
17.1
38.0
35.2
19.4
41.4
33.6
39.6
42.9
19.7
19.2
21.7
12.2
24.5
19.6
38.2
35.3
45.3
26.9
46.8
42.4
41.5
31.8
34.4
22.7
42.7
23.7
28.2
42.9
21.1
38.2

14.0
7.2
12.5
7.7
10.8
12.0

9.9
13.8
8.6

9.7
10.7
11.0
7.0
8.4

7.9
9.8
7.2

5.1
7.9
11.7
7.7
5.5
8.5
4.3
6.8
4.5
7.3

5.1
5.5
7.6
10.5
9.2
6.7
11.5

14.1
7.9

15.3
6.6
7.4
6.4
5.8
5.5
9.6
6.5
7.5
12.1
15.3
23.2
6.1
11.6
7.3
13.2
20.0
15.3
17.6

12.6
8.8
6.0
9.0
18.1
5.8
7.8
8.6
6.9
5.3
8.6
9.2
6.7
9.7
9.7
4.8
3.6
12.1
5.0
1.9
2.4
4.8
2.3
4.7
4.8
6.5
8.0
4.8
6.6
8.9
5.6
4.5
7.9
4.2
6.1
10.7
6.3
6.9
9.1
2.4

12.5
10.5
8.5
10.3
11.2

4.1
17.3
6.8

9.2
7.2
7.6
14.3

See note at end of table.




185

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Industry

Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Apparel and other finished textile products
Apparel and accessories, except knit
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied products
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers .
Chemicals and allied products
Plastics, synthetics, and resins
Drugs
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Footwear, except rubber and plastic
Leather products, except footwear
Transportation, communications, and other public utilities ....
Transportation
Railroads
Bus service and urban transit
Taxicab service
Trucking service
Warehousing and storage
U.S. Postal Service
Water transportation
Air transportation
Services incidental to transportation
Communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Telephone (wire and radio)
Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services ...
Utilities and sanitary services
Electric light and power
Gas and steam supply systems
Electric and gas, and other combinations
Water supply and irrigation
Sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies
Machinery, equipment and supplies
Scrap and waste materials
Miscellaneous wholesale trade, durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Apparel, fabrics, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm products-raw materials
Petroleum products
Alcoholic beverages
Farm supplies
Miscellaneous nondurable goods and not specified wholesale trade .
See note at end of table.

186




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

516
1,183
1,168
120
231
162
65
540
189
165
728
109
148
466
164
101
53

39.8
47.7
68.4
46.3
76.1
78.7
60.4
24.4
17.5
34.5
25.0
42.2
40.7
42.8
31.8
29.9
48.5
51.2
17.1
22.2
18.2
19.4
35.4
18.4
35.0
39.4
54.6
56.4
57.8

23.3
21.6
17.5
23.1
13.7
13.3
16.5
10.2
8.3
10.5
12.9
6.7
8.2
6.1
9.8
12.5
8.7
11.1
9.9
9.1
11.2
10.3
9.2
16.6
7.3
8.0
11.4
8.5
15.4

2.9
4.1
4.8
2.8
16.7
17.0
14.7
5.5
2.6
8.3
7.3
5.2
4.3
5.5
5.8
5.8
4.9
9.2
19.1
3.6
6.6
6.8
9.2
1.8
12.2
10.0
17.3
14.7
22.4

7,548
4,459
399
431
115
1,653
112
728
191
523
287
1,603
237
1,163
203
1,486
651
196
180
209
243

27.0
23.4
9.1
28.9
8.7
14.2
25.9
29.4
15.2
34.1
64.7
44.6
44.2
45.9
37.9
18.4
19.0
24.1
22.9
18.8
8.6

12.5
12.7
10.0
22.2
26.0
9.6
11.2
20.1
12.6
8.3
4.0
12.9
6.7
14.4
11.6
11.7
9.6
8.1
8.3
14.5
20.4

5.6
6.1
4.7
8.4
10.6
5.0
15.4
5.2
5.9
5.8
9.0
5.0
1.8
5.5
5.7
4.7
3.4
4.2
5.0
6.2
6.6

22,296
4,341
2,411
236
77
152
92
302
230
1,078
125
77
1,930
129
190
124
692
112
182
126
130
244

47.3
28.4
28.3
27.0
36.3
21.9
24.0
29.7
26.8
29.5
16.4
42.7
28.5
34.6
34.7
42.4
25.4
22.8
26.6
16.6
20.0
36.9

7.4
5.4
4.7
4.7
2.9
5.8
5.8
5.3
3.2
4.0
11.8
5.6
6.3
7.6
3.8
6.6
8.2
5.3
6.4
6.3
3.6
3.7

6.2
5.8
4.6
5.0
5.7
5.1
5.5
4.4
3.4
4.0
8.4
6.4
7.3
5.4
4.0
12.0
10.0
2.5
3.9
4.9
2.4
9.3

63
731
135
461
1,176
1,007
169
660
289
187
184

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1985
Industry

Percent of total:
Total
employed

Retail trade
Lumber and building material retailing
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Food stores, n.e.c
Motor vehicle dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores
Book and stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
Mail order houses
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail florists
Miscellaneous retail stores and not specified retail trade ..

17,955
442
192
83
2,055

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Savings and loan associations
Credit agencies, n.e.c
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance law offices

7,005
1,914
266
402
553

Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business and repair services
Advertising
Services to dwellings and other buildings
Commercial research, development, and testing labs
Personnel supply services
Business management and consulting services
Computer and data processing services
Detective and protective services
Business services, n.e.c
Automobile services, except repair
Automobile repair shops
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services

134
128
2,459
56

177
194
1,035

419
565
97
740
164
525
436
5,244
500
133
277

174
157
76
90
68
324
120
191
664

2,079
1,791
33,322
1,254
32,067

5,969
263
571
205
590
395

549
318
1,109
336
986

135
514

Personnel services, except private household
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Barber shops
Funeral service and crematories

3,098
1,033
418

Entertainment and recreational services
Theaters and motion pictures
Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services ....

1,278

415
716
89
82

401
71
806

Women

Black

Hispanic
origin

51.9
24.9
36.0
33.5
70.9
73.5
62.8
47.9
64.5
63.6
42.0
18.1
19.3
20.1
20.2
78.7
49.9
36.8
30.8
57.4
61.5
40.3
47.9
64.4
61.3
90.2
70.6
39.8
71.7
20.5
74.0
60.7

7.9
6.1
4.2
2.8
11.1
9.0
16.7
8.2
1.6
6.0
8.3
6.1
4.8
5.8
.9
7.7
7.3
5.9
4.9
10.1
5.5
11.1
2.7
6.3
4.3
3.7
6.1
4.6
3.1
2.3
4.3
4.3

6.2
3.9
4.5
4.4
5.5
4.4
8.4
6.3
3.4
6.5
7.3
5.3
6.6
6.3
4.3
6.4
8.0
7.0
3.6
7.9
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.4
10.2
3.9
5.1
2.2
5.4
1.6
4.3
5.1

58.8
71.2
72.6
64.5
40.1
58.7
48.1

7.8
9.3
5.1
7.1
5.0
8.5
6.9

4.8
5.5
4.6
5.0
3.4
3.4
6.1

61.1
86.1
60.1
36.8
52.9
42.4
32.7
77.9
51.4
38.0
19.0
50.8
22.0
8.4
11.0
15.6

11.6
27.9
11.0
9.7
3.7
18.9
3.5
17.6
6.0
6.7

5.6
8.9
5.5
7.1
4.8
13.2
5.6
4.6
2.2
3.2
7.1
5.5
9.1
10.3
9.4
8.2

68.0
57.3
87.7
56.4
88.8
17.5
28.5

11.8
15.6

8.3
11.7
13.0

6.9
6.2

39.8
37.9
39.6
40.8

9.0
8.3
7.2
9.5

6.0
4.3
2.1
7.2

22.3
6.9
15.1
6.2
7.3
3.7

7.5
17.7

8.7
11.7
5.2

10.8
1.0

See note at end of table.




187

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed civilians by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Industry

Professional and related services
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Offices of chiropractors
Offices of optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Business, trade, and vocational schools
Libraries
Educational services, n.e.c
Social services
Job training and vocational rehabilitation services
Child day care services
Residential care facilities, without nursing
Social services, n.e.c
Other professional services
Legal services
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Religious organizations
Membership organizations
Engineering, architectural, and surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services
Noncommercial educational and scientific research
Miscellaneous professional and related services
Forestry and fisheries
Forestry
Fisheries
Public administration
Executive and legislative offices
General government, n.e.c
Justice, public order, and safety
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy
Administration of human resources programs
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
Administration of economic programs
National security and international affairs
NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates
broad categories of industries which cannot be more specifically identified.

188




Percent of total:
Total
employed

Women

Black

21,563
4,269
3,641
894
480
59
53
1,309
8,107
5,431
2,281
62
162
171
1,682
148
496
351
687
3,864
995
80
728
414
734
549
147
217

67.0
76.4
76.9
69.0
74.7
56.1
50.6
87.3
65.3
71.3
49.7
51.0
81.1
74.6
79.1
55.3
96.7
71.3
75.5
45.4
53.7
54.4
43.8
55.3
23.5
52.8
38.2
50.8

11.4
16.4
11.3
3.0
2.5
3.1

159
85
74

16.8
23.2

4,995
146
516
1,655
354
634
316
526
849

Hispanic
origin

10.6
7.5
10.2
3.3
2.6
6.1
2.5

4.5
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.1
2.0
2.7
4.2
4.4
4.7
3.9
5.2
5.2
2.6
6.7
4.4
6.4
4.7
8.5
3.7
3.4
2.9
3.6
5.8
4.2
2.6
5.0
2.0

9.5

5.5
8.8
1.7

6.1
4.9
7.5

40.8
64.0
47.9
27.9
58.3
65.6
29.6
39.6
36.7

13.8
7.8
18.1
12.4
14.2
18.5
11.5
11.2
13.7

5.1
3.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
4.6
4.8
4.1
6.9

2.1
20.6
10.8

11.6
9.4
14.2
10.9
3.8

16.2
15.0
15.1
14.0
18.3
5.2
4.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
29. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total

Reason not working and sex
1984

1985

Paid absences
1984

Unpaid absences

1985
1984

1985

1984

1985

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

5,575
3,147
1,322
118
40
947

5,789
3,338
1,308
141
42
960

5,439
3,108
1,285
90
40
916

5,667
3,301
1,281
112
42
931

2,766
2,051
497

2,960
2,221
504

2,060
826
671

2,117
849
662

218

234

564

607

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,758
1,525
698
536

2,856
1,621
675
560

2,643
1,495
664
484

2,757
1,593
653
510

1,486
1,126
273
88

1,552
1,193
266
93

808
250
330
228

859
275
325
259

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,816
1,622
624
570

2,933
1,717
633
583

2,795
1,613
621
562

2,911
1,708
628
575

1,281
926
224
131

1,409
1,028
240
141

1,251
576
340
336

1,259
574
337
349

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2

30.

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
1985
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

101,361

3,057

98,303

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours ...
15 to 29 hours .
30 to 34 hours .

24,682
811
4,368
12,214
7,289

914
51
208
438
217

23,769
760
4,161
11,776
7,072

24.4
.8
4.3
12.0
7.2

29.9
1.7
6.8
14.3
7.1

24.2
.8
4.2
12.0
7.2

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over ...
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over.

76,679
6,974
41,284
28,421
10,461
10,282
7,678

2,143
149
575
1,419
231
399
789

74,534
6,825
40,709
27,000
10,229
9,882
6,889

75.6
6.9
40.7
28.0
10.3
10.1
7.6

70.1
4.9
18.8
46.4
7.6
13.1
25.8

75.8
6.9
41.4
27.5
10.4
10.1
7.0

39.0
43.4

44.0
51.7

38.9
43.2

Total, 16 years and over.

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules




189

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
31. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
full time

Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

24,682

7,342

17,340

23,769

7,035

16,733

5,590
2,430
62
190
90
2,819

1,739
1,398
62
190
90
-

3,851
1,032
-

5,334
2,273
60
184
88
2,730

1,639
1,307
60
184
88
-

3,695
966
_
2,730

19,092
11,217
1,360
1,539
674
8
682
1,545
2,066

5,603
1,360
1,395
674
8
682
_
1,484

13,489
11,217
144
_
1,545
582

18,435
10,876
1,342
1,509
573
8
681
1,506
1,938

5,397
1,342
1,372
573
8
681
_
1,421

13,038
10,876
137
_
1,506
517

22.0
21.2

24.4
26.3

20.9
19.1

22.1
21.2

24.5
26.4

21.0
19.1

1,724
5,565

782
3,057

942
2,508

1,659
5,413

746
2,979

913
2,434

_
2,819

32. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

5,334

13,038

79,931

52,931

10,229

16,771

38.9

43.2

90,740

4,775

11,721

74,244

50,380

9,650

14,214

38.7

42.8

856

25

17

814

434

127

253

45.3

46.5

5,410

390

248

4,772

3,299

545

928

39.8

42.4

19,511
11,772

635
251
384

626
275
351

18,250
11,246
7,004

12,315
7,498
4,818

2,818
1,775
1,043

3,117
1,973
1,143

41.4
41.9
40.5

42.7
42.8
42.5

346
4,386
554

6,216
13,514

814

1,281

5,469

4,121
8,286
3,906

2,066
637

3,162
926

41.5
36.6
39.6

43.4
43.7
42.0

5,301
530

20,758
416
20,342

14,622
281
14,341

3,906
95

4,449

3,392

2,230
40
2,190
414

3,811
643

36.7
24.8
37.2
40.4

42.4
44.8
42.4
41.8

5,529
159

2,458
93

568
12

2,503
54

41.1
35.1

48.3
45.9

7,739
6,790

228

19,526
6,149

1,626

Service industries
Private households
AH other industries
Public administration

27,736
1,200
26,536
4,761

1,677
254
1,423

69

4,771
243

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

7,275
289

548
11

1,198
119




Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

98,303

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

190

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

126

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

98,303
5,914
2,255
3,659
92,389
13,066
79,322
51,780
25,215
2,328

5,334
732
228
504
4,601
1,088
3,513
2,354
1,055
104

13,038
3,001
1,666
1,335
10,037
1,978
8,060
4,414
2,519
1,127

79,931
2,181
361
1,820
77,751
10,000
67,749
45,012
21,641
1,097

52,931
1,701
293
1,407
51,230
7,114
44,114
28,769
14,568
111

27,000
480
68
413
26,521
2,886
23,635
16,243
7,073
320

38.9
26.0
19.6
29.9
39.7
37.1
40.1
40.6
40.0
28.9

43.2
40.4
39.0
40.7
43.3
42.1
43.4
43.6
43.2
42.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

54,599
2,966
1,133
1,833
51,633
6,780
44,853
29,033
14,471
1,349

2,373
357
114
243
2,016
534
1,484
1,019
422
43

3,843
1,403
807
596
2,441
794
1,647
581
480
586

48,383
1,206
212
994
47,176
5,452
41,722
27,433
13,569
720

28,655
896
167
729
27,758
3,547
24,211
15,472
8,257
481

19,728
310
45
265
19,418
1,905
17,511
11,961
5,312
239

41.8
27.2
20.6
31.3
42.7
38.8
43.2
43.9
43.0
30.9

44.6
41.1
39.6
41.4
44.7
43.2
44.9
45.2
44.5
43.0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

43,704
2,948
1,122
1,826
40,756
6,286
34,471
22,746
10,744
980

2,960
375
114
261
2,585
555
2,029
1,335
634
61

9,195
1,598
859
739
7,597
1,184
6,414
3,833
2,038
542

31,549
975
149
826
30,574
4,547
26,028
17,578
8,072
377

24,276
805
127
678
23,471
3,566
19,905
13,296
6,313
295

7,273
170
22
148
7,103
981
6,123
4,282
1,759
82

35.2
24.8
18.7
28.6
35.9
35.2
36.1
36.5
35.9
26.1

41.0
39.6
38.0
39.9
41.0
40.7
41.1
41.1
41.0
40.6

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

85,857
48,268
37,589

4,322
1,924
2,398

11,822
3,421
8,400

69,713
42,923
26,791

44,921
24,649
20,274

24,792
18,274
6,517

39.0
42.1
35.0

43.4
44.9
41.1

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

9,711
4,854
4,857

875
388
487

885
299
586

7,951
4,167
3,784

6,376
3,133
3,243

1,575
1,034
541

37.6
39.3
35.9

41.3
42.3
40.1

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

35,712
5,148
13,739

997
271
1,106

1,203
199
2,441

33,512
4,678
10,192

19,038
2,774
6,841

14,474
1,904
3,351

43.6
42.6
36.9

45.1
44.7
43.1

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

24,007
8,545
11,152

1,368
655
937

5,431
1,069
2,695

17,208
6,821
7,520

13,490
5,039
5,748

3,718
1,782
1,772

34.9
37.4
33.9

40.7
41.6
41.1

RACE

MARITAL STATUS




191

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
34. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
1985
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
41 to 48
total
time
hours
hours
at work
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

192




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

98,034

5,283

12,986

79,765

52,753

10,226

16,787

38.9

43.2

24,184
11,698

467
144
323

2,163

21,554
10,988

12,410
5,889
6,521
17,525
1,993
4,820
10,712
6,203
230
876

2,706
1,413
1,293
3,034
331
1,253
1,450
851
33
204

398

6,437
3,686
2,751
4,380
386
2,884
1,111
1,285
74
348
863
2,332
2,352
827
1,139
386

42.0
44.2
40.0
37.6
39.3
38.8
36.4
33.3
24.9
42.1
32.8
41.3
39.5
39.9
42.5
35.6

44.8
45.7
43.8
42.3
41.9
45.4
40.4
42.2
44.1
45.2
41.5
43.2
42.8
41.8
46.0
41.4

12,486
31,665
3,107
12,102
16,456
13,681

1,343

67
729
548

566
1,597
5,382
330
2,417
2,635
3,738
434
143

962
1,626

1,604
191
55

11,093
12,659
15,847
7,405
4,222
4,220

1,358
664
1,204
453
269
482

3,161
440

54,242

2,319

14,089
7,553
6,536

200
84
116
277
19
170
87
456

11,269
1,653
6,345
3,271
5,439
36
1,413
3,990
11,598
11,847
4,439
3,887
3,521

1,262

10,566
24,939
2,711
8,956
13,273

8,339
337
1,428
6,573
11,554
13,380
6,663
3,648

5,096
7,501

614
1,721
1,914

3,069

9,114
4,862
1,967
2,284

3,758

48,165

28,444

6,715

13,006

41.9

44.7

605
207
398
959

13,285
7,262
6,023
10,033
1,547
5,591
2,894
3,977
14
1,281
2,682
10,196
4,151
3,458
2,587

6,737
3,439
3,297
5,543
1,054
2,459
2,029
2,755
11
771
1,973
6,848
6,562
2,828
1,835
1,900

1,673
925
748
1,457
206
827
425
464
1
185
278
1,598
1,523
663
516
344

4,875
2,898
1,977
3,032
287
2,305
440
758
2
325
431
2,229
2,111
660
1,108
343

44.8
46.0
43.4
42.4
41.4
44.2
39.6
37.0
24.7
43.2
34.9
41.6
40.4
41.4
43.4
35.8

46.4
47.1
45.6
45.3
42.9
47.5
42.2
43.5
43.4
45.6
42.5
43.4
43.6
42.7
46.2
41.5

289
304
669

87
583

289
1,006

974
542

9
38
409
596
790
169
231
390

898
326
862
119
199
544

43,793

2,965

9,228

31,600

24,309

3,510

3,781

35.1

41.0

10,095
4,145
5,950

268
60

1,558

208
1,067
48
558
460
1,148
183
16

1,199
4,423
243
1,834
2,346
2,732
420

8,269
3,726
4,543

5,674
2,450
3,224
11,982

949
68

2,263
114
401
170
106
125

1,033
487
546
1,577
126
426
1,026
387
32
19
336
122
392
311
26
55

1,562
788
774
1,348
99
579
671
527
71
23
432
103
241
167
31
43

38.1
40.8
36.2
35.0
36.9
33.0
35.6
30.9
24.9
34.8
31.5
37.8
36.8
37.7
32.4
34.6

42.2
43.0
41.6
40.4
40.5
42.0
39.8
41.1
44.2
42.4
40.8
41.3
40.4
40.3
42.2
40.5

20,396
1,454
5,757
13,185
8,242

926
213
7,103
1,061
3,999

2,966
335
699

414
284
39
92

14

94

359

49

10,675

14,906
1,163

3,365
10,378
4,362
323
148

3,891
879
3,184
2,512
190
482

939
2,361
8,682
3,448
220
105
3,123
654
2,552
2,034
133
385

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
35. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total

Age

Reason and sex
1984

1985

16 to 19
years

25 to 59
years

20 to 24
years

60 years
and over

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

62,839

62,744

6,791

6,604

4,642

4,379

21,860

21,564

29,546

30,197

56,768

56,812

5,414

5,285

3,570

3,409

18,796

18,524

28,990

29,592

6,537
3,995

6,288
3,914
27,136
14,857
4,617

4,136
33
367

3,994
29
386

1,585
105

1,513

800
1,884

16
1,974

17
1,908

1,306

878

876

13,379
382

12,910
13,392

12,447

1,397

764
1,884
12,996
379

2,351

2,501

698

741

3,066

3,036

553

605

240
546
979
706
538
166
595

224
537
947
676
504
171
652

5
177
37
187
105

7
178

82
147

99
112
172

28,051

13,774
4,411
6,070

5,933

1,283
919
364

1,455
803
1,317
1,204
820
383

1,064

1,154

1,544
801
1,378

1,377

978
19
82
156
112
44
142

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ....
Other reasons1

483

499

1,073

971

322
57
280
235
187

263
70
272
181

1,319

960
18
62
134
96
38
145

Men
Total not in labor force

91

179

121
60
185

49

14,479

36
212

19,770

20,058

3,252

3,140

1,514

1,463

3,789

3,879

11,215

11,576

17,755

18,063

2,572

2,490

1,158

1,140

3,051

3,132

10,962

11,299

3,310
2,086
361
9,595
2,403

3,191
2,034
372
9,985
2,481

2,113
19

2,022
14
23

837
51
12

824
50
14

258

252

340
1,074
126
303

4
955
224

431

347
1,060
116
311
1,217

1,289

9,284495

5
897
208
9,681

650

355

323

738

745

253

277

105
257
218
158

73
246
238
188

2
86
85
80

4
75
108

8

432
2,015

1,996

508

679
782
375
489
369

704
368
505
419

516
10
82
71

496
10
71
73

167
23
104
61

131
35
88
69

43,068

42,686

3,539

3,464

3,128

2,916

18,071

17,685

18,330

18,622

15,391

18,032

18,293

14

90

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Other reasons

39,013

38,749

2,841

2,795

2,400

2,269

15,740

3,227
1,909
27,690
4,179
2,008

3,097
1,880
26,764
4,872
2,136

2,024
13
358

1,972
14
364

738
53

689
42

453
821

424
809

1,020

1,385

1,291

446

445
224

13,261
70
1,135

12,870
76
1,212

12,687
4,108
203

13
1,013
12,239
4,796
232

3,937

247

4,055

698

671

2,331

2,291

298

327

728
164
35
280
131
118

647
132
34

136
291
979
487
438

150
292
947
438
464

1

3
102

762
426
1,378
794
695

751
435
1,317
699
735

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables 35 and 36 may not add to not-in-labor-force




460
10
82
74
72

465
8

62
64
72

272
93
116

91
37

102
67

36
104
82

totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.

193

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
36. Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Reason, race, and Hispanic origin
1984

Sex

Age

Total

1985

16 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

1985

Women

Men

1984

1985

1984

53,855 53,753 8,765

8,441

18,447 18,133 26,643 27,178 16,661 16,901 37,193 36,852

49,505 49,399 7,088

6,830

16,222 15,888 26,197 26,678 15,198 15,430 34,307 33,969

5,089 4,909
3,225 3,150
25,190 24,238
12,429 13,389
3,572 3,713

4,480
106

4,328
94

1,460

1,373

1,042

592
563
16
16
1,480 1,489
1,639
1,569
11,914 11,485 11,817 11,379
342
341 12,089 13,048
1,894 2,010
666
636

1,035
2,227

2,240

447

1,016
823
848

1,028
576
999
810
944

1,676
925
56
233
220
242

1,613
872
56
235
193
257

160
395
747
453
472

152
381
732
444
531

7,315

7,299 2,190

2,067

2,628

Do not want a job now .
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

5,807

5,926 1,494

1,457

1,058
704
2,222
1,141

949
28
253

895
22

681

1,001
687
2,255
1,227
756

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities...
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,509

1,373

698

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

WHITE
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now .
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities...
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

4,348

1,086
575

4,357

2,588
1,701
291
8,707
1,911

2,415
2,494 2,501
1,524
1,502
1,648
275 24,899 23,963
9,050 3,722 4,339
1,661
1,750
1,963

502

1,462

1,472

2,886

2,885

3
124
36
152
132

5
138
32
171
156

563
285

530
277

318
296

327
338

523
290
1,016
505
552

498
299
999
483
606

2,661

2,497

2,572

2,528

2,570

4,787

4,729

1,911

1,979

2,406

2,488

2,057

2,129

3,751

3,796

109
362
1,040
31
369

104
351
1,075
30
419

2
315
929
1,110
50

1
313
914
1,197
63

495
354
60
745
403

487
346
86
779
431

563
351
2,162
396
279

513
341
2,169
448
325

BLACK
Total not in labor force ...

387
207
317
414
184

266

264
274

719

679

92

85

471

441

1,037

933

59
139
195
226
99

53
146
183
206
91

48
2
29
13

2
37
4
32
10

181
77

141
85

159
72

607
312
32
89
110
64

152
61

152
63

206
129
317
262
123

226
130
277
196
104

4,080 1,122

1,151

1,876

1,924

918

1,004

1,057

1,106

2,859

2,973

366
215
277
348
167

328

19
120

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

3,917

3,549

910

1,659

982

928

2,621

563
302
1,953
430
301

502
19

62
177
1,252
10
158

106
422
421
33

272
154
34
287
181

292
148
1,918
143
120

265

24

178

351

58
33

73
26
144
63
45

278
111

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1

530
131
59
144
116
80

1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
2
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised not-in-labor

194




241
112
12
51
34
32

18
43
94
67
43

52
35

force data by reason are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
1985
Race and Hispanic origin

Age

Reason and sex
Total

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

90

16
16
6

1
36
23

32
87
52

483
337

69
27

83
38

76
46
35

9
10
3

216
131

34
15

Hispanic
origin1

White

Black

97
6

121
98
66

22
36
23

20
9

289
215

43
56

282
241

187
79

53
25

1
16

15
19
20

50
1
3

63
25
25

12
15
10

43
18

116
68

24
29

120
94

87
29

23
12

19
14

16
68
32

46
5
6

58
73
41

10
21
13

2
14
4

40
19

174
147

20
27

162
147

101
50

30
13

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

146
147

9

Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap

70
100
55

Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

268
206

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates and are not comparable
to previously published data.




34
12

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

195

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
38. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within the
next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
Total
Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex
1984

1985

Race

Age
16 to 24
years
1984

25 to 59
years
1985

60 years
and over
1984

1985

White
1984

1985

Black
1984

1985

1984

53,070 53,251 6,143
9,766 9,490 5,288
1,959 1,796 1,788
1,259 1,279
84
2,355 2,097
777
4,192 4,318 2,641

6,001
4,981
1,631
75
621
2,656

17,916 17,601 29,010 29,650 46,320 46,297 5,435
3,943 3,964
545 7,533 7,453 1,881
534
553
166
4 1,306 1,212
7
161
307
1,019 1,046
925
947
158
156
496
1,366 1,276
200 1,766 1,636
212
524
1,392 1,480
183 3,535 3,660
160

16,209 16,611 2,354
3,560 3,446 2,411
809
797
838
20
229
212
257
613
711
1,799 1,807 1,325

2,342
2,259
760
14
201
1,285

36,861 36,640 3,791
6,206 6,044 2,877
999
1,121
979
1,047 1,050
64
1,644 1,484
520
2,394 2,512 1,315

3,658
2,721
869
61
420
1,370

1985

TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

5,617
1,682
477
292
385
527

Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

2,898
891
28
134
338
387

2,966 10,958 11,303 13,883 14,175 1,890
914
638
272 2,778 2,725
258
35
224
1
551
579
152
62
64
59
149
138
310
143
103
482
527
113
418
209
105 1,534 1,544
85

2,006
564
197
63
102
202

15,017 14,635 18,053 18,348 32,437 32,122 3,545
277
3,053 3,050
273 4,755 4,728 1,242
329
126
138
727
2
6
661
245
894
885
787
95
97
798
353
1,027
97 1,239 1,154
98
966
315
79 2,001 2,116
75
1,004 1,062

3,611
1,118
280
229
283
325

Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

196




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total

Hispanic origin1

Black

Employment status, sex, and age
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

176,383
113,544
64.4
105,005
3,321
101,685
8,539
7.5
62,839

178,206
115,461
64.8
107,150
3,179
103,971
8,312
7.2
62,744

152,347
98,492
64.6
92,120
3,057
89,063
6,372
6.5
53,855

153,679
99,926
65.0
93,736
2,936
90,799
6,191
6.2
53,753

19,348
12,033
62.2
10,119
196
9,923
1,914
15.9
7,315

19,664
12,364
62.9
10,501
189
10,312
1,864
15.1
7,299

11,164
7,247
64.9
6,469
332
6,137
778
10.7
3,917

11,528
7,448
64.6
6,664
292
6,372
785
10.5
4,080

83,605
63,835
76.4
59,091
2,668
56,423
4,744
7.4
19,771

84,469
64,411
76.3
59,891
2,535
57,356
4,521
7.0
20,058

72,723
56,062
77.1
52,462
2,437
50,025
3,600
6.4
16,661

73,373
56,472
77.0
53,046
2,325
50,720
3,426
6.1
16,901

8,654
6,126
70.8
5,124
174
4,950
1,003
16.4
2,528

8,790
6,220
70.8
5,270
167
5,103
951
15.3
2,570

5,471
4,414
80.7
3,950
288
3,662
464
10.5
1,057

5,653
4,546
80.4
4,081
255
3,827
465
10.2
1,106

76,219
59,701
78.3
55,769
2,418
53,351
3,932
6.6
16,518

77,195
60,277
78.1
56,562
2,278
54,284
3,715
6.2
16,918

66,610
52,453
78.7
49,461
2,201
47,260
2,992
5.7
14,157

67,386
52,895
78.5
50,061
2,085
47,976
2,834
5.4
14,490

7,599
5,686
74.8
4,871
161
4,710
815
14.3
1,913

7,731
5,749
74.4
4,992
154
4,837
757
13.2
1,982

4,854
4,090
84.3
3,708
264
3,444
382
9.3
764

5,036
4,232
84.0
3,845
231
3,613
387
9.1
804

92,778
49,709
53.6
45,915
653
45,262
3,794
7.6
43,068

93,736
51,050
54.5
47,259
644
46,615
3,791
7.4
42,686

79,624
42,431
53.3
39,659
620
39,038
2,772
6.5
37,193

80,306
43,455
54.1
40,690
611
40,079
2,765
6.4
36,852

10,694
5,907
55.2
4,995
22
4,973
911
15.4
4,787

10,873
6,144
56.5
5,231
22
5,209
913
14.9
4,729

5,692
2,833
49.8
2,519
45
2,475
314
11.1
2,859

5,875
2,902
49.4
2,582
37
2,545
320
11.0
2,973

85,429
45,900
53.7
42,793
595
42,198
3,107
6.8
39,529

86,506
47,283
54.7
44,154
596
43,558
3,129
6.6
39,222

73,590
39,087
53.1
36,823
564
36,259
2,264
5.8
34,503

74,394
40,190
54.0
37,907
566
37,341
2,283
5.7
34,204

9,588
5,520
57.6
4,773
21
4,752
747
13.5
4,069

9,773
5,727
58.6
4,977
19
4,959
750
13.1
4,046

5,076
2,572
50.7
2,317
36
2,281
254
9.9
2,505

5,258
2,667
50.7
2,403
31
2,373
264
9.9
2,591

14,735
7,943
53.9
6,444
309
6,135
1,499
18.9
6,791

14,506
7,901
54.5
6,434
305
6,129
1,468
18.6
6,604

12,147
6,952
57.2
5,836
292
5,544
1,116
16.0
5,195

11,900
6,841
57.5
5,768
285
5,483
1,074
15.7
5,058

2,161
827
38.3
474
13
460
353
42.7
1,334

2,160
889
41.2
532
16
516
357
40.2
1,271

1,233
585
47.4
444
32
412
142
24.2
648

1,234
549
44.5
416
30
386
134
24.3
684

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

,

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

197

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40.

Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

Employment status, sex, and age
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

11,164
7,247
64.9
6,469
332
6,137
778
10.7
3,917

11,528
7,448
64.6
6,664
292
6,372
785
10.5
4,080

6,610
4,403
66.6
3,921
302
3,619
482
10.9
2,207

6,670
4,469
67.0
3,983
262
3,721
487
10.9
2,201

1,534
814
53.1
705
5
700
110
13.5
720

1,594
835
52.4
719
7
712
116
13.9
759

819
551
67.3
507
7
500
43
7.9
269

831
550
66.2
510
5
505
40
7.3
280

5,471
4,414
80.7
3,950
288
3,662
464
10.5
1,057

5,653
4,546
80.4
4,081
255
3,827
465
10.2
1,106

3,369
2,764
82.0
2,463
263
2,200
301
10.9
605

3,394
2,817
83.0
2,522
227
2,294
296
10.5
576

673
490
72.8
429
4
425
61
12.5
182

706
496
70.3
432
6
425
64
13.0
210

393
315
80.2
288
6
282
27
8.6
78

415
321
77.3
297
5
291
24
7.5
94

4,854
4,090
84.3
3,708
264
3,444
382
9.3
764

5,036
4,232
84.0
3,845
231
3,613
387
9.1
804

2,972
2,545
85.6
2,300
240
2,059
245
9.6
427

3,008
2,601
86.5
2,354
206
2,149
247
9.5
407

578
454
78.5
406
4
402
48
10.6
124

614
459
74.8
408
5
403
50
11.0
155

364
298
81.9
274
6
268
25
8.3
66

389
311
79.9
289
5
283
22
7.1
78

5,692
2,833
49.8
2,519
45
2,475
314
11.1
2,859

5,875
2,902
49.4
2,582
37
2,545
320
11.0
2,973

3,241
1,640
50.6
1,459
39
1,419
181
11.1
1,601

3,276
1,652
50.4
1,461
35
1,426
191
11.6
1,624

862
324
37.6
276
1
275
49
15.0
538

888
339
38.2
287

426
236
55.4
219
1
218
16
6.9
190

415
229
55.2
213

5,076
2,572
50.7
2,317
36
2,281
254
9.9
2,504

5,258
2,667
50.7
2,403
31
2,373
264
9.9
2,591

2,864
1,475
51.5
1,331
33
1,298
145
9.8
1,389

2,890
1,498
51.8
1,345
28
1,317
152
10.2
1,392

767
293
38.2
255
1
255
38
13.0
473

791
307
38.8
264

398
220
55.3
206
1
204
14
6.3
178

396
219
55.3
205

1,233
585
47.4
444
32
412
142
24.2
648

1,234
549
44.5
416
30
386
134
24.3
684

774
383
49.5
291
29
262
92
24.0
391

772
370
47.9
283
28
254
87
23.6
402

190
67
35.3
44

190
69
36.3
46
1
45
23
33.4
121

57
33
57.9
28

46
20
43.5
17

28
5
(2)
25

17
4
(2)
25

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

287
52
15.2
550

213
16
7.0
186

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

264
42
13.8
484

205
14
6.6
176

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.

198




44
24
35.0
123

NOTE: Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin
have been revised to reflect new population estimates and are not
comparable to previously published data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
41. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total

White

Hispanic origin1

Black

Category

1984

1985

10,501
5,270
5,231

6,469
3,950
2,519

6,664
4,081
2,582

1985

1984

1985

105,005 107,150 92,120
59,091 59,891 52,462
45,915 47,259 39,659

93,736
53,046
40,690

10,119
5,124
4,995

1984

1985

1984

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

24,858
11,571
13,286

25,851
12,221
13,630

22,702
10,704
11,998

23,561
11,256
12,305

1,422
582
840

1,514
649
865

775
406
369

843
428
415

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

32,476
3,172

11,669

2,592
262
627

16,722

17,309

29,082
2,783
11,673
14,626

29,553
2,823

12,582

33,231
3,255
12,667

15,061

1,703

2,785
291
696
1,798

1,631
138
568
925

1,650
130
556
963

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

14,151

14,441
1,006
1,718
11,718

11,214

11,432
692

1,428
9,312

1,925

2,522
291
259
1,972

1,142
104
83
955

1,172

1,395
9,152

2,478
301
252

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,057
4,376
4,573
4,108

13,340
4,475
4,745
4,120

11,844
3,984
4,187
3,673

12,107
4,073
4,359
3,675

939
305
317
317

946
308
317
321

941
286
312
344

992
295
329
369

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,864
7,984
4,467
4,413
668
3,745

16,816
7,840
4,535
4,441
686
3,755

14,036
6,600
3,782
3,655
554
3,101

13,951
6,483
3,849
3,618
562
3,056

2,411
1,132
625
654
105
550

2,465
1,120
620
725
114
610

1,610
864
296
450
83
368

1,681
913
317
451
89
362

3,600

3,470

3,242

3,132

277

269

371

326

1,555

1,358
1,491
208

1,355
1,400
181

165

29
3

151
36
2

300
31
1

259
32

213

1,535
1,458
185

93,565
15,770
77,794

95,871
16,031
79,841

83,274
13,247
70,026

1,238
76,556

1,249
78,592
7,811
289

9,583
2,309
7,273
353
6,920
336
4

9,965
2,325
7,640
349
7,291
343
3

5,792
776
5,016
127
4,890
329
16

6,031
830
5,200
111

7,785
335

81,505
13,028
68,477
854
67,623
7,245

84,831
5,743
14,431

86,795
5,590
14,764

8,225
926
968

8,579
916
1,006

5,337
487
645

993
1,678

11,481

Farming, forestry, and fishing

667

98
100

973

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,553

313

869
69,158
7,259
267

74,323
4,663

75,812
4,532

13,135

13,392

1

5,090
328
13

2

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.
2
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" are distributed




5,552
485
626

according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

199

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Puerto Rican
origin

Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

1984

1985

1984

1985

6,469
3,950
2,519

6,664
4,081
2,582

3,921
2,463
1,459

3,983
2,522
1,461

705
429
276

719
432
287

507
288
219

510
297
213

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

775
406
369

843
428
415

356
201
154

395
207
189

100
51
49

105
51
53

99
47
51

91
46
45

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,631
138
568
925

1,650
130
556
963

908
84
327
497

916
73
317
526

213
16
56

198
18
52

151
6

155
9

140

128

58
87

54
92

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,142
104
83
955

1,172
98
100
973

661
56
45
560

667
47
53
567

136
4
16
116

137
3
21

113

63
2
6
55

62
2
4
56

941
286
312
344

992
295
329
369

624
180
224
220

654
195
229
230

27
18
25

79
23
22
35

72
25
20
28

85
21
25
38

1,610
864
296
450
83
368

1,681
913
317
451
89
362

1,040
532
189
319
70
249

1,062
541
209
312
73
239

178
110
36
32
31

191
111
35
45
3
42

117
65
21
31
3
28

113
65
22
26
4
22

371

326

332

288

9

10

6

300
31
1

259
32
1

282
20
1

239
23

5,792
776
5,016
127
4,890
329
16

6,031
830
5,200
111
5,090
328
13

3,421
478
2,943
72
2,871
188
10

3,525
501
3,024
56

679
106
573
5

692

459

2,968
186
10

568
20
1

1

457
32
425
2
423
41
2

5,337
487
645

5,552
485
626

3,202
351
369

3,285
345
352

605
39
61

615
32
72

426
22
59

443
22
46

Category

1984

Cuban origin
1984

1985

1985

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

1

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

117
575
3
572
20

39
420
2
418

46
1

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.

200




NOTE: Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin
have been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984
have been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
43. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total

Hispanic origin1

Black

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1984

1985

105,005

107,150

92,120

93,736

10,119

10,501

6,469

6,664

6,444
2,404
4,040
14,207
84,354
70,125
14,230

6,434
2,492
3,941
13,980
86,736
72,449
14,287

5,836
2,209
3,627
12,451
73,832
61,026
12,805

5,768
2,270
3,498
12,235
75,733
62,956
12,776

474
146
328
1,423
8,222
7,067
1,154

532
175
356
1,399
8,571
7,350
1,220

444
143
301
1,078
4,948
4,393
555

416
144
271
1,107
5,140
4,577
564

59,091

59,891

52,462

53,046

5,124

5,270

3,950

4,081

3,322
1,244
2,078
7,571
48,198
39,801
8,397

3,328
1,300
2,029
7,339
49,223
40,775
8,448

3,001
1,140
1,861
6,647
42,813
35,140
7,672

2,985
1,185
1,800
6,428
43,633
35,963
7,670

252
79
173
750
4,122
3,553
568

278
92
186
726
4,266
3,650
615

242
74
168
662
3,046
2,708
337

237
82
155
681
3,165
2,810
355

45,915

47,259

39,659

40,690

4,995

5,231

2,519

2,582

3,122
1,161
1,962
6,636
36,156
30,324
5,833

3,105
1,193
1,913
6,640
37,513
31,674
5,839

2,835
1,069
1,766
5,804
31,019
25,886
5,133

2,783
1,085
1,698
5,807
32,100
26,993
5,106

222
67
155
673
4,100
3,514
586

254
83
171
673
4,305
3,700
605

202
68
133
416
1,902
1,683
218

179
62
117
427
1,977
1,767
210

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

44. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)
Total

White

Hispanic origin1

Black

Sex and age
1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

7.5

7.2

6.5

6.2

15.9

15.1

10.7

10.5

18.9
21.2
17.4
11.5
5.8
6.1
4.5

18.6
21.0
17.0
11.1
5.6
5.8
4.1

16.0
18.8
14.3
9.3
5.1
5.3
4.2

15.7
18.3
13.9
9.2
4.9
5.1
3.8

42.7
45.7
41.2
26.1
11.4
12.1
7.2

40.2
43.6
38.3
24.5
10.9
11.5
7.0

24.2
29.0
21.7
12.5
8.9
8.8
9.3

24.3
27.7
22.4
12.7
8.7
8.8
8.0

7.4

7.0

6.4

6.1

16.4

15.3

10.5

10.2

19.6
21.9
18.3
11.9
5.7
5.9
4.6

19.5
21.9
17.9
11.4
5.3
5.6
4.1

16.8
19.7
15.0
9.8
5.0
5.2
4.3

16.5
19.2
14.7
9.7
4.7
4.9
3.8

42.7
44.0
42.2
26.6
11.6
12.1
8.7

41.0
42.9
40.0
23.5
11.1
11.6
8.1

25.3
31.4
22.2
12.7
8.6
8.4
10.1

24.7
29.0
22.2
13.0
8.3
8.4
7.6

7.6

7.4

6.5

6.4

15.4

14.9

11.1

11.0

18.0
20.4
16.6
10.9
6.0
6.3
4.2

17.6
20.0
16.0
10.7
5.9
6.2
4.1

15.2
17.8
13.6
8.8
5.2
5.5
4.0

14.8
17.2
13.1
8.5
5.1
5.4
3.9

42.6
47.5
40.2
25.6
11.2
12.0
5.6

39.2
44.3
36.4
25.6
10.7
11.5
5.9

22.8
26.3
21.0
12.3
9.3
9.5
8.0

23.8
26.0
22.7
\2.\
9.4
9.4
9.1

1984
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have




been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

201

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total

White

Hispanic origin1

Black

Weeks of unemployment
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,539
3,350
2,451
2,737
1,104
1,634

8,312
3,498
2,509
2,305
1,025
1,280

6,372
2,560
1,831
1,980
831
1,150

6,191
2,676
1,869
1,646
748

1,864
713
561
589
247
342

1,556
342
230
205
103
103

1,570
347
245
192

898

1,914
680
549
685
239
446

18.2
7.9

15.6
6.8

17.5
7.6

15.0
6.6

20.8
8.1

17.6
7.0

14.0
7.0

13.3
6.5

100.0
39.2
28.7
32.1
12.9
19.1

100.0
42.1
30.2
27.7
12.3
15.4

100.0
40.2
28.7
31.1
13.0
18.0

100.0
43.2
30.2
26.6
12.1
14.5

100.0
35.5
28.7
35.8
12.5
23.3

100.0
38.3
30.1
31.6
13.3
18.4

100.0
44.0
29.6
26.0
13.2
13.0

100.0
44.3
31.2
24.5
12.4
12.1

DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

97
95

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks

27 weeks and over
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

46. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin1

Black

White

Total
Reasons for unemployment
1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

8,539
4,421
1,171
3,250
823
2,184
1,110

8,312
4,139
1,157
2,982
877
2,256
1,039

6,372
3,406
1,002
2,404
680
1,566
719

6,191
3,146
984
2,162
727
1,635
682

1,914
902
147
754
115
545
353

1,864
890
151
739
110
546
317

1,556
439
101
339
66
167
106

1,570
438

100.0
51.8
13.7
38.1
9.6
25.6
13.0

100.0
49.8
13.9
35.9
10.6
27.1
12.5

100.0
53.4
15.7
37.7
10.7
24.6
11.3

100.0
50.8
15.9
34.9
11.7
26.4
11.0

100.0
47.1
7.7
39.4
6.0
28.5
18.4

100.0

100.0
56.4
13.0
43.5
8.5
21.4
13.6

100.0
55.9
12.5
43.4
9.9
21.3
12.9

3.9
.7

3.6
2.0
.9

3.2
.7
1.6
.7

7.5
1.0
4.5
2.9

7.2
.9
4.4
2.6

6.1

1.9
1.0

3.4
.7
1.6
.7

5.9
1.0
2.2
1.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

98
340
78
167
101

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

47.8
8.1
39.6
5.9

29.3
17.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Data for 1984 have
been revised and are not comparable to previously published data.

202




.9
2.3
1.5

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
47. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Total
1984

Unemployed

Employed

1985

Percent of
labor force

Number
1984

1985

1984

1985
1984

1985

1984

1985

5.6
5.8
7.6
5.4
4.5
4.5

5.2
5.4
7.2
5.3
4.0
3.7

5.5
5.9
5.6
4.7

5.3
5.7
4.8
5.0

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,440
6,440
1,729
3,291
1,420
1,000

7,641
6,499
1,382
3,345
1,772
1,142

6,978
6,204
1,654
3,183
1,367
774

7,154
6,259
1,327
3,229
1,703
895

6,586
5,847
1,529
3,012
1,306
739

6,785
5,923
1,231
3,057
1,635
862

392
357

61
35

369
336
96
172
68
33

16,242
7,396
4,753
4,093

17,238
7,946
4,977
4,315

15,400
7,026
4,507
3,867

16,337
7,579
4,703
4,055

14,549
6,611
4,254
3,684

15,474
7,144
4,477
3,853

851
415
253
183

863
435
226
202

125
171

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data
for 25- to 29-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 30-34 age category)
and the numbers remaining for some labor force categories are not




large enough to warrant their continued publication. Although Public
Law 96-466(the Veterans Rehabilitation and Education Amendments of
1980), which became effective October 17, 1980, requires publication
of labor market data for veterans who actually served in the Vietnam
theater of operations, these data are not presently collected. Because
of the widespread interest in statistics for all Vietnam-era veterans, the
BLS is continuing publication of annual data for this group since these
data are currently available.

203

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Black

White

Nonveterans
Hispanic origin

1984

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

5,746
5,563
5,273

5,795
5,601
5,331

290
5.2

271
4.8

597
553
491
62
11.2

598
563
513
51
9.1

0
O
0
0
O

269
254
236
18
7.1

193
179
155
24
13.4

162
151
132
18
11.9

()
O
(1)
O
O

68
62
55

6,353
6,101
5,790

7
11.3

310
5.1

282
261
232
29
11.1

299
285
261
25
8.8

O
0

138
132
123
9
6.8

122
113
104
9
8.0

137
127
120
8
6.3

1984

Hispanic origin

Black

White

1985

1984

1985

1984

1985

13,898 14,821
13,312 14,194

1,705
1,512

1,776

1,441
1,331

12,674 13,542
652
636
4.6
4.8

1,338

1,386

176

176

11.6

11.3

0
0
O
0
O

6,868
6,625
6,295
330
5.0

769
683
597
88
12.9

810
714
626
88
12.3

O
O
O1
()

621
583
530
53
9.1

4,044
3,870
3,685
185
4.8

4,271
4,068

3,902
167
4.1

496
444
390
55
12.4

495
440
393
48
10.9

0
0
0

464
428
391
37
8.6

3,501

3,682
3,501
3,345
155
4.4

440
385
351
33
8.6

471
407
367
40
9.8

0

356
325
302
23
7.1

TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,561

1,223
11.3
8.5

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,511

1,197

1,453

1,156
1,083
73
6.3

1,355

98
6.7

0

35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,958
2,876
2,735

2,993

141

140
4.8

4.9

2,896
2,757

40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,277
1,234
1,183

1,605
1,549
1,491

51

58
3.7

4.1

Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised not-in-labor
force data by reason are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited
to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds
to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 25- to 29year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table because the group is
rapidly disappearing (into the 30-34 age category) and the numbers
remaining for some labor force categories are not large enough to

204




o
o
0
0

o
0
o
o

63
60
58
2
3.3

3,341

3,199
141
4.2

o
o

o1
()
0
0

warrant their continued publication. Although Public Law 96-466(the
Veterans Rehabilitation and Education Amendments of 1980), which
became effective October 17, 1980, requires publication of labor market
data for veterans who actually served in the Vietnam theater of
operations, these data are not presently collected. Because of the
widespread interest in statistics for all Vietnam-era veterans, the BLS is
continuing publication of annual data for this group since these data are
currently available. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
49. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1984

With unemployment:

With unemployment:

Percent of families:

Percent of families:
Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin

Total
families

Total

With at
Total
With no With at
least one families
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
person in
in
employed
family
family
full time

Total

With at
With no With at
least one
employed least one
person in
person employed
family
person in
in
employed
family
family
full time

TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

61,882

6,370

age

30,953
49,737

age

24,130

3,805
4,544
2,786
1,496
906
330
113

age
age

9,897
5,987
2,247
837

30.0
31.5
21.9
20.6
52.2
62.1
40.0
55.8

70.0
68.5
78.1
79.4
47.8
37.9
60.0
44.2

60.6
58.6
68.8
69.4
37.4
28.1
53.0
37.2

62,508
31,158
49,991
24,080
10,122
6,147
2,395
931

6,244
3,751
4,380
2,676
1,530
947
335

27.5
28.1
22.2
20.9
48.6
58.7
38.8
54.3

72.5
71.9
77.8
79.1
51.4
41.3
61.2
45.7

63.2
62.0
68.6
69.3
41.1
30.8
53.7
38.3

54,116

4,743
2,815
3,665
2,214
844

39.1
43.1
19.2
17.4
56.9
65.5
44.3

60.9
56.9
80.8
82.6
43.1
34.5
55.7

51.0
47.1
71.2
71.6
32.5
25.3
48.9

29.9
31.7
21.0
19.7
52.4
62.0
43.1
57.8

70.1
68.3
79.0
80.3
47.6
38.0
56.9
42.2

61.0
59.0
70.1
70.9
37.5
28.4
48.8
35.9

509
235
92

26.7
27.6
20.9
19.6
48.2
57.2
41.3
56.5

73.3
72.4
79.1
80.4
51.8
42.8
58.7
43.5

64.0
62.7
70.1
70.8
41.2
32.4
50.2
37.0

1,311
807
575
360
652
418
84

40.9
45.8
20.9
18.9
57.8
68.1
47.0

59.1
54.2
79.1
81.1
42.2
31.9
53.0

50.4
46.2
71.0
73.1
32.8
23.7
45.8

128

White
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age

53,714
26,042
45,166
21,502

age

6,779
3,880

age

1,769
661

age

4,873
2,868
3,817
2,310
830
477
226

81

26,176
45,290
21,425
6,927
4,011

1,899
740

Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

6,673
age
age
age
age

3,964
3,388
1,847

1,315
817

2,889

593
380
633

1,967

411

396

89
26

150

0

0

O

6,827
4,009
3,470
1,855

2,950
1,991
408
164

29

0

0

O

Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of
1

age
age
age

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not
available for 1984.
2




3,979
2,641

age

()
f)2

()
f)2

2,792
1,868
951
685
236
88

583
401
400

293
142
94
41
14

34.6
36.7
26:2
26.6
55.6
64.2
43.9

65.4
63.3
73.7
73.4
44.4
35.8
56.1

O

O

56.3
53.9
64.7
64.2
34.5
25.3
46.3

0

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

205

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
1984

1985
Percent of unemployed:

Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

7,162
1,747
1,116
1,441
937
1,883

32.3
43.1
45.3
17.9
16.2
12.4

67.7
56.9
54.7
82.1
83.8
87.6

58.2
42.5
38.5
74.8
76.3
81.4

6,916
1,613
1,015
1,432
925
1,778

32.3
42.1
45.6
17.7
15.2
12.3

67.7
57.9
54.4
82.3
84.8
87.7

58.5
43.6
38.5
75.4
77.6
82.2

624
518
1,097
140
65
230

83.0
90.4
36.0
69.0
89.4
27.3

17.0
9.6
64.0
31.0
10.6

649
542
1,072
153
79
219

82.5
90.3
35.5
68.6
87.9
29.4

17.5
9.7
64.5
31.4
12.1
70.6

11.0
4.7
52.2

72.7

10.3
4.0
51.3
24.9
6.9
66.1

5,338
1,487
932
1,221
785
1,483

30.0
44.0
46.4
17.6
16.0
12.1

70.0
56.0
53.6
82.4
84.0
87.9

60.7
41.5
37.3
75.4
76.9
82.1

5,141
1,355
837
1,220
777
1,408

29.3
42.3
45.7
17.0
14.4
11.7

70.7
57.7
54.3
83.0
85.6
88.3

61.4
42.6
37.3
76.6
79.1
82.6

331
261
569
99
47
148

79.2
89.0
33.4
66.7
89.4
24.5

20.8
11.0
66.6
33.3
10.6
75.5

13.0
3.9
55.2
26.9
6.7
68.8

350
280
556
107
56
145

77.5
87.7
32.1
67.6
87.3
26.3

22.5
12.3
67.9
32.4
12.7
73.7

14.5
5.6
55.7
23.1
5.4
65.9

1,614
203
142
175
119
346

40.1
34.5
35.6
21.7
18.8
13.9

59.9
65.5
64.4
78.3
81.2
86.1

49.6
51.6
48.0
68.4
70.0
78.3

1,563
204
134
168
115
310

42.2
38.7
42.6
22.2
20.0
14.5

57.8
61.3
57.4
77.8
80.0
85.5

49.3
51.8
46.9
67.2
69.9
80.7

279
246
505
33
14
72

87.3
91.7
39.0

12.7
8.3
61.0

7.3
4.3
46.8

89.0

34.8

65.2

285
249
496
36
17
65

39.6
71.6
(2)
36.5

11.0
6.3
60.4
28.4
(2)
63.5

6.7
3.5
48.3
21.1
(2)
55.1

660
167
127
123
90
171

35.6
50.2
53.7
17.6
16.9
13.9

64.4
49.8
46.3
82.4
83.1
86.1

55.2
38.9
35.5
75.1
75.9
78.3

61
50
92
22
10
24

81.4
90.7
37.5

18.6

13.3
4.7
48.9

23.1
6.5

62.8

White
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age

Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

93.7

Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in
aggregating the data.

206




2

9.3
62.5

Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have been revised
to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
51. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
1984

1985

Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

Percent of employed:

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....

9.3
5.4
6.6

76.0
67.4
65.2
90.7
94.6
93.4

64.7
49.3
44.1
85.8
90.6
89.2

5,540
3,647
4,323
1,680
766
1,277

62.5
78.0
24.4
54.3
79.9
18.4

37.5
22.0
75.6
45.7
20.1
81.6

24.9
10.8
65.2
34.6
10.0
74.9

64.3
47.2
41.3
85.9
90.6
89.7

77,290
34,270
19,764
22,811
12,188
10,664

23.4
33.1
35.5
8.9
5.0
6.5

76.6
66.9
64.5
91.1
95.0
93.5

64.9
48.3
42.4
86.2
91.2
89.5

39.7
22.9
75.1
47.8
23.1
82.9

25.7
10.1
64.8
34.8
11.0
76.2

3,958
2,573
3,197
1,369
620
1,022

59.8
76.1
24.4
53.4
79.1
18.0

40.2
23.9
75.6
46.6
20.9
82.0

26.2
11.0
65.5
34.9
10.1
75.2

30.7
27.8
27.5
14.3
10.1
7.4

69.3
72.2
72.5
85.7
89.9
92.6

59.9
60.3
60.1
79.7
84.4
85.4

8,234
2,460
1,591
1,956
1,186
916

29.9
26.3
25.8
13.5
8.3
8.5

70.1
73.7
74.2
86.5
91.7
91.5

61.0
61.5
61.7
80.2
85.9
85.8

71.7
83.5
25.5
59.8
83.9
24.9

28.3
16.5
74.5
40.2
16.1
75.1

1B.8
9.1
62.5
31.4
11.3
66.0

1,453
1,001
999
258
128
193

70.4
83.0
25.0
61.1
85.0
21.5

29.6
17.0
75.0
38.9
15.0
78.5

20.8
10.1
63.6
31.1
8.7
71.3

5,424
2,214
1,614
1,315
871
811

27.8
40.8
44.0
9.8
7.6
6.1

72.2
59.2
56.0
90.2
92.4
93.9

63.2
47.1
43.2
84.3
86.4
89.2

401
277
352
173
69
158

62.0
74.0
23.0
46.6
79.7
10.6

38.0
26.0
77.0
53.4
20.3
89.4

26.6
16.2
66.7
45.4
16.3
82.6

86,767
37,511
21,927
24,848
13,461
12,013

24.6
33.8
36.2
9.5
6.0
6.4

75.4
66.2
63.8
90.5
94.0
93.6

64.0
48.3
43.0
85.4
89.9
89.4

87,937
37,680
22,021
25,504
13,840
11,933

24.0
32.6
34.8

5,397
3,548
4,188
1,558
694
1,252

63.2
78.9
24.9
52.9
77.8
18.2

36.8
21.1
75.1
47.1
22.2
81.8

24.1
9.9
64.4
34.7
11.5
74.5

76,495
34,171
19,711
22,272
11,837
10,801

24.0
34.2
36.9
9.0
5.5
6.4

76.0
65.8
63.1
91.0
94.5
93.6

3,890
2,518
3,104
1,255
562
1,001

60.3
77.1
24.9
52.2
76.9
17.1

7,980
2,424
1,564
1,900
1,177
861
1,388
959
965
253
117
189

White
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
Hispanic origin
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in married-couple
families where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated
subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are
somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this
publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in
aggregating the data.




2
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have been revised
to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not available for 1984.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

207

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
52. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin
Type of family, number of earners,
race, and Hispanic origin

Number of families
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

1984

1985

1984

1985

40,944
33,070
13,532
10,604
2,220
708
19,537
16,695
2,182

41,616

$499
548
371
418
205
197
682
690
685
424
413
284
227
235
199
455
421
334
611

$522
582
385
440
217
204
715
728
689
454
468
297
234
243
200
487
450
346
625

514
557
381
426
207
689
697
299
442

543
589
395
452
218
723
735
311
475

366
463
260
309
188
600
615
240
365

378
487
257
292
206
622
646
259
360

TOTAL
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners

498

162
6,294
4,343
3,366
977
1,951
1,581
963
618

33,459

13,347
10,346
2,243
758
20,112

17,262
2,159
514
176
6,470
4,397
3,432
965
2,073

1,688
1,031
656

White
Total families with earners 1
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men

35,331
29,585
12,218

9,703
1,879
17,368
14,802
4,510
1,236

35,848

29,899
12,097
9,496
1,925
17,802

15,251
4,616
1,333

Black
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men

4,579
2,648

4,668
2,671

967
634
281

902
580
257
1,769

1,681
1,470
1,640
292

1,537
1,703
294

Hispanic origin
1

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
1

Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or
in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is
either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
2
Data on Hispanic families for 1984 are not available on a revised
basis that reflects the adjustments to the population totals introduced in
January 1985.
NOTE: Data on families for 1984 reflect revised editing and weighting

208




2,880
2,205
1,007
838
118

1,198
945
487
188

404
444
285
304
185
595
612
270
366

procedures and may differ slightly from previously published data.
Moreover, data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50
centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for
1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and Hispanicorigin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
53. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median weekly
earnings
Type of family and relationship of
unemployed members to wage and
salary earners

Number of families
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings
1984

1984

1985

3,153

3,076

$368

$382

952
735

923

127
89

122
84

220
208
408
158

225
214
377
163

Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other earner(s)....
Other earner(s) only

1,072
906

1,048

138
28

142
15

370
346
610

384
355
598

Other member(s) unemployed
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners .

1,129

1,105
486

596
452
761
196

Married-couple families 1
Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other earner(s)
Other earner(s) only

717

890

1985

56

51

563
422
720
189

Families maintained by women ...
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed

684
105
579

667
99
568

234
157
249

263
176
276

Families maintained by men 1

174

170

349

339

1

Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or
in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is
either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Data on families for 1984 reflect revised editing and weighting




501
572

568

procedures and may differ slightly from previously published data.
Moreover, data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50
centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for
1984 have been recalculated.

209

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
54.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
1984

1985

1984

1985

74,912

77,002

$326

$343

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

44,654
7,153
37,501

45,589
6,956
38,632

391
231
422

406
240
442

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

30,258
5,538
24,720

31,414
5,621
25,793

265
203
282

277
210
296

29,932
15,821
4,220
1,212

30,260
16,270
4,333
1,313

429
272
266
380

455
285
278
396

6,124
4,083
7,387
6,133

6,173
4,309
7,841
6,503

227
206
369
289

238
213
380
305

White
Men
Women

64,889
39,331
25,558

66,481
40,030
26,452

336
400
268

355
417
281

Black
Men
Women

8,023
4,227
3,797

8,393
4,367
4,026

269
302
241

277
304
252

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men 1
All other women 1
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1
The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in married-couple families
where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces and persons in
unrelated subfamilies.
2
Data on Hispanic wage and salary earners for 1984 are not
available on a revised basis that reflects the adjustments to the
population totals introduced in January 1985.

210




5,285
3,391
1,893

269
295
229

NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using
$50 centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used;
data for 1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in
both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
55. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Characteristic

Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

1984

1985

1984

1985

17,282

17,518

$92

$95

5,368
3,208
2,160

5,426
3,228
2,199

88
73
114

88
73
117

11,914
4,006
7,908

12,092
3,941
8,151

94
70
107

98
72
111

1,382

1,428
6,343

951
103

116
109
98
113

119
113
105
110

786
1,495

3,043
3,232
853
1,567

72
67
110
98

71
67
111

White
Men
Women

15,182
4,601

15,380
4,650

10,581

10,731

93
87
95

95
88
98

Black
Men
Women

1,675
592
1,083

1,680
600

87
90
86

89
87
90

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men 1
All other women 1

6,210
893
94
3,106
3,317

100

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin
Men
Women
1
The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in married-couple families
where the husband or wife is in the Armed Forces and persons in
unrelated subfamilies.
2
Data on Hispanic wage and salary earners for 1984 are not
available on a revised basis that reflects the adjustments to the
population totals introduced in January 1985.




1,080

933
366
567

97
96
97

NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using
$50 centered intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used;
data for 1984 have been recalculated. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in
both the white and black population groups.

211

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
56.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex

Occupation and sex

Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

1984

1985

18,580
8,856
9,725
22,590
2,664
6,850
13,076
7,624
338
1,457
5,828
10,644
3,707
3,249
3,687
14,129
7,299
3,651
3,179
1,345

19,381
9,328
10,053
23,425
2,762
7,156
13,507
7,910
342
1,483
6,085
10,932
3,897
3,361
3,674
14,067
7,181
3,648
3,238
1,288

$468
483
455
295
379
319
275
212
134
365
199
384
388
383
379
287
277
344
251
203

$488
497
481
307
398
335
286
216
132
381
203
397
400
393
398
295
287
360
251
212

10,852
5,726
5,126
8,542
1,474
4,148
2,920
3,755
11
1,308
2,437
9,779
3,593
3,210
2,976
10,514
4,371
3,462
2,680
1,212

11,078
5,835
5,243
8,803
1,563
4,227
3,013
3,947
13
1,327
2,607
10,026
3,752
3,308
2,965
10,585
4,403
3,459
2,724
1,150

552
570
533
401
448
401
378
265

583
593
571
420
472
431
391
272

O

O

377
224
394
390
384
409
317
329
350
261
207

391
230
408
400
394
433
325
341
369
261
216

7,728
3,130
4,598
14,048
1,189
2,703
10,156
3,868
328
149
3,391
865
114
39
711
3,615
2,928
189
499
133

8,302
3,492
4,810
14,622
1,200
2,929
10,494
3,963
330
156
3,477
906
144
53
709
3,482
2,778
189
514
138

379
364
387
259
313
217
260
180
133
290
183
256
329

399
383
408
269
331
226
270
185
130
278
188
268
392
265
253
216
216
252
209
185

1984

1985

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $10

212




0

245
212
211
257
209
176

intervals rather than the $50 intervals previously used. Data for 1984
have been recalculated.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
57. Employed wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, full- or part-time status, and union affiliation
(Numbers in thousands)

1985

1984

Age, sex, race, Hispanic origin,
and full- or part-time status

Members of
unions1
Total
employed

Members of
unions1

Represented
by unions2
Total
employed

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

94,521
19,746
74,775
28,387
21,243
13,858
9,382
1,904

16,996
1,440
15,556
4,745
4,833
3,484
2,330
165

18.0
7.3
20.8
16.7
22.7
25.1
24.8
8.7

19,358
1,725
17,633
5,521
5,457
3,874
2,582
200

20.5
8.7
23.6
19.4
25.7
28.0
27.5
10.5

25.7
11.6
29.3
24.5
32.5
34.3
32.7
12.6

51,015
10,184
40,831
15,639
11,429
7,567
5,192
1,004

11,264
937
10,327
3,137
3,198
2,340
1,556
96

22.1
9.2
25.3
20.1
28.0
30.9
30.0
9.6

12,448
1,087
11,361
3,521
3,502
2,536
1,686
117

24.4
10.7
27.8
22.5
30.6
33.5
32.5
11.7

7,100
695
6,404
2,120
1,964
1,328
903
89

16.8
7.3
19.6
17.2
21.3
22.0
21.7
9.9

43,506
9,562
33,944
12,748
9,814
6,290
4,191
900

5,732
502
5,229
1,608
1,635
1,144
774
69

13.2
5.3
15.4
12.6
16.7
18.2
18.5
7.7

6,910
639
6,271
2,000
1,955
1,338
896
82

15.9
6.7
18.5
15.7
19.9
21.3
21.4
9.2

18.0
22.3
12.7

16,547
10,927
5,620

20.7
24.9
15.6

81,862
44,680
37,182

14,124
9,623
4,501

17.3
21.5
12.1

16,083
10,625
5,458

19.6
23.8
14.7

25.9
30.2
21.7

2,865
1,612
1,253

29.5
33.4
25.7

10,073
4,967
5,106

2,445
1,387
1,058

24.3
27.9
20.7

2,775
1,530
1,245

27.6
30.8
24.4

6,218
3,757
2,460

1,174
842
333

18.9
22.4
13.5

1,331
929
402

21.4
24.7
16.3

77,002
17,518

15,717
1,280

20.4
7.3

17,816
1,542

23.1
8.8

Total

Percent
of
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

92,194
19,905
72,289
27,477
20,140
13,489
9,293
1,891

17,340
1,576
15,764
4,997
4,819
3,437
2,324
186

18.8
7.9
21.8
18.2
23.9
25.5
25.0
9.8

19,932
1,901
18,031
5,840
5,515
3,882
2,580
213

21.6
9.5
24.9
21.3
27.4
28.8
27.8
11.3

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,022
10,361
39,661
15,184
10,917
7,446
5,124
990

11,511
1,025
10,485
3,309
3,201
2,319
1,548
109

23.0
9.9
26.4
21.8
29.3
31.1
30.2
11.0

12,832
1,205
11,627
3,719
3,552
2,555
1,677
125

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

42,172
9,544
32,628
12,293
9,222
6,042
4,169
902

5,829
550
5,279
1,689
1,618
1,118
776
78

13.8
5.8
16.2
13.7
17.5
18.5
18.6
8.6

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

80,071
43,932
36,139

14,380
9,805
4,575

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

9,699
4,819
4,880

2,514
1,455
1,059

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS4
Full-time workers
Part-time workers

74,912
17,282

16,074
1,266

Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not
available for 1984.




21.5
7.3

18,376
1,556

24.5
9.0

4
The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours
usually worked.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups.

213

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
58. Employed wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation
(Numbers in thousands)

1985

1984
Members of
unions1
Occupation and industry

Total
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Members of
unions1

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

Total
employed

Total

Percent
of
employed

Represented
by unions2

Total

Percent
of
employed

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial .
Professional specialty

20,817
9,313
11,504

3,279
590
2,689

15.8
6.3
23.4

4,195
842
3,353

20.2
9.0
29.1

21,688
9,806
11,882

3,307
635
2,672

15.2
6.5
22.5

4,166
888
3,277

19.2
9.1
27.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical ....

29,135
3,089
9,916
16,130

3,257
376
625
2,256

11.2
12.2
6.3
14.0

4,026
482
738
2,806

13.8
15.6
7.4
17.4

30,082
3,183
10,186
16,714

3,243
375
613
2,255

10.8
11.8
6.0
13.5

3,928
473
693
2,762

13.1
14.9
6.8
16.5

Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service .

13,066
1,659
11,407

1,972
641
1,330

15.1
38.7
11.7

2,243
729
1,513

17.2
44.0
13.3

13,325
1,702
11,623

1,922
667
1,255

14.4
39.2
10.8

2,162
730
1,432

16.2
42.9
12.3

Precision production, craft and repair

11,188

3,365

30.1

3,641

32.5

11,482

3,272

28.5

3,543

30.9

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,213
7,798
4,122
4,293

5,368
2,761
1,430
1,178

33.1
35.4
34.7
27.4

5,712
2,927
1,524
1,261

35.2
37.5
37.0
29.4

16,207
7,696
4,162
4,349

5,157
2,627
1,396
1,134

31.8
34.1
33.5
26.1

5,453
2,774
1,476
1,202

33.6
36.0
35.5
27.6

1,775

98

5.5

114

6.4

1,736

95

5.5

107

6.1

1,455
74,931
902
4,504

38
11,647
159
1,061

2.6
15.5
17.7
23.5

47
12,943
179
1,115

3.3
17.3
19.8
24.8

1,427
77,044
881
4,716

30
11,227
153
1,051

2.1
14.6
17.3
22.3

32
12,409
167
1,114

2.3
16.1
19.0
23.6

20,207
12,073
8,134

5,250
3,317
1,933

26.0
27.5
23.8

5,729
3,628
2,102

28.4
30.0
25.8

20,120
12,081
8,039

4,996
3,116
1,880

24.8
25.8
23.4

5,422
3,398
2,024

26.9
28.1
25.2

5,532
3,007
2,525

2,139
1,121
1,017

38.7
37.3
40.3

2,331
1,185
1,146

42.1
39.4
45.4

5,725
3,123
2,602

2,118
1,141
977

37.0
36.5
37.5

2,275
1,200
1,075

39.7
38.4
41.3

18,839
3,579
15,260

1,491
306
1,185

7.9
8.6
7.8

1,665
341
1,324

8.8
9.5
8.7

19,402
3,743
15,659

1,400
282
1,118

7.2
7.5
7.1

1,552
315
1,237

8.0
8.4
7.9

5,794
19,153
15,809

156
1,391
5,654

2.7
7.3
35.8

231
1,693
6,942

4.0
8.8
43.9

6,032
20,167
16,050

177
1,331
5,740

2.9
6.6
35.8

244
1,636
6,917

4.0
8.1
43.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers

I

Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but

214




whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
59. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and union affiliation
1984

1985

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

$326
217
361
335
389
385
365
271

$405
292
414
398
430
424
408
357

$402
287
411
392
428
424
407
357

$302
210
334
316
364
356
332
245

$343
223
378
349
405
400
380
296

$423
297
434
412
459
449
419
392

$419
291
430
407
455
447
419
394

$315
218
352
329
382
373
352
272

391
231
422
382
471
469
439
327

441
312
451
425
471
466
447
411

439
308
450
421
471
468
450
408

364
220
408
363
470
470
428
298

406
240
442
393
486
488
467
367

465
316
475
443
490
487
467
449

463
312
475
440
490
487
472
443

383
230
422
378
483
489
463
338

265
203
282
284
291
278
269
218

326
247
335
338
349
330
313
292

323
246
333
332
348
334
311
294

250
199
268
271
274
263
255
205

277
210
296
295
307
291
284
242

350
259
359
351
383
357
332
311

347
255
358
348
380
358
335
315

262
207
281
283
289
274
267
223

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

336
400
268

415
450
334

411
448
331

310
377
254

355
417
281

438
476
359

433
475
356

323
395
267

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

269
302
241

353
389
301

347
386
299

233
254
218

277
304
252

359
385
320

352
381
316

246
266
228

269
295
229

364
395
286

359
391
285

245
265
218

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

SEX AND AGE

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
Beginning in January 1985, data for persons of Hispanic origin have
been revised to reflect new population estimates. Revised data are not
available for 1984.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time




workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50 centered
intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for 1984 have
been recalculated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.

215

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
60. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, industry, and union affiliation
1985

1984

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

Total

Members
of
unions1

Represented
by
unions2

Nonunion

$468
483
455

$455
486
449

$452
484
444

$474
483
462

$488
497
481

$483
503
478

$481
502
476

$490
496
484

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical ....

295
379
319
275

372
422
354
364

361
413
353
351

285
371
316
262

307
398
335
286

389
444
382
383

380
432
383
372

297
391
331
272

Service occupations
Protective service
Service, except protective service ,

212
365
195

315
440
267

311
437
262

190
283
182

216
381
199

328
452
280

322
449
276

195
301
187

Precision production, craft and repair

384

482

479

330

397

499

495

349

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .

287
277
344
251

384
358
440
376

380
354
435
369

239
234
285
209

295
287
360
251

399
377
467
384

395
374
462
379

249
244
301
213

Farming, forestry, and fishing

203

309

310

198

212

336

334

206

204
319
492
353

405
500
541

()
402
497
534

202
300
489
304

211
332
501

423
512
568

418
507
556

210
312
499
315

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .

348
374
309

385
399
352

385
400
349

325
355
292

368
392
320

401
417
370

401
416
368

347
378
304

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities .

436
413
463

480
490
465

476
487
458

395
351
472

458
425
484

495
502
486

492
500
482

414
369
487

Wholesale and retail trade .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

261
341
234

363
401
342

357
400
335

253
332
225

270
368
243

378
414
355

373
418
346

262
361
235

316
286
375

313
320
407

314
320
402

316
281
337

334
298
394

339
328
424

340
327
420

333
294
360

Occupation and industry

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial .
Professional specialty

INDUSTRY
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government workers

Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but
whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.

216




NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are
incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.
Data on median weekly earnings are now derived using $50 centered
intervals rather than the $10 intervals previously used; data for 1984 have
been recalculated.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
61. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Industry

1983

1984

Total

89,566

90,196

94,461

97,692

Total private

73,729

74,330

78,477

81,397

Goods-producing

23,813

23,334

24,730

25,054

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

1,128
708.3

952
597.8

974
612.7

969
616.0

Construction

3,905
990.5

3,948
1,019.6

4,345
1,157.5

4,661
1,239.4

18,781

18,434

19,412

19,424

11,039

10,732

11,522

11,565

597.5
432.0
576.9
921.9
396.2
1,426.9
2,243.9
2,008.0
1,734.7
699.3
715.5
382.1

656.5
448.0
570.0
831.8
340.8
1,370.1
2,033.0
2,012.9
1,747.2
753.7
692.0
370.5

706.8
487.3
595.4
858.4
333.5
1,464.2
2,196.8
2,208.1
1,906.3
860.1
714.1
384.2

702.8
496.5
600.2
814.7
302.3
1,472.1
2,181.3
2,207.6
1,989.4
871.7
724.2
376.0

7,741

7,702

7,890

7,859

1,635.9
68.7
749.4
1,161.1
662.4
1,272.1
1,075.1
200.8
696.9
218.9

1,614.8
67.9
741.3
1,163.4
661.2
1,298.8
1,042.8
195.6
711.1
204.9

1,618.6
64.8
746.0
1,196.6
681.2
1,372.4
1,048.1
188.8
781.5
192.2

1,635.9
65.0
702.5
1,161.6
683.3
1,421.4
1,042.4
177.4
794.6
175.0

65,753

66,862

69,731

72,638

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,082
2,789
2,293

4,954
2,745
2,209

5,171
2,929
2,242

5,301
3,059
2,242

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

5,278
3,090
2,188

5,268
3,070
2,197

5,550
3,272
2,278

5,770
3,417
2,353

15,179
2,183.8
2,477.6
1,631.7
4,831.2

15,613
2,165.4
2,556.2
1,674.2
5,041.8

16,584
2,277.6
2,654.7
1,802.1
5,403.3

17,418
2,349.3
2,826.4
1,892.9
5,692.0

5,341
2,646
1,714
981

5,468
2,741
1,720
1,007

5,682
2,855
1,753
1,074

5,924
2,978
1,816
1,130

19,036
3,286.0
5,811.8

19,694
3,562.4
5,988.2

20,761
4,075.6
6,104.1

21,931
4,454.1
6,267.0

15,837
2,739
3,640
9,458

15,869
2,774
3,662
9,434

15,984
2,807
3,712
9,465

16,294
2,873
3,781
9,640

General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations ....
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are
currently projected from March 1984 benchmark




1985 P

1982

levels.
When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984
forward are subject to revision.
217




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
62. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
1982

1983

1984

1985P

59,487

60,070

63,576

65,914

16,561

16,235

17,378

17,553

821

673

693

688

2,998

3,033

3,375

3,650

12,742

12,530

13,310

13,214

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,311
488.2
341.8
435.7
683.4
293.9
1,028.0
1,355.8
1,212.6
1,078.9
511.9
410.6
276.4

7,117
547.1
356.1
434.5
619.8
256.3
993.8
1,194.7
1,219.7
1,096.3
568.4
387.9
266.8

7,749
592.1
390.6
457.3
652.0
256.3
1,079.3
1,328.1
1,354.3
1,218.0
662.9
397.9
279.5

7,692

1,087.8
1,310.5
1,307.1
1,259.7
675.7
393.9
270.8

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,431
1,125.6
53.4
642.1
981.2
493.9
699.2
598.6
119.9
533.7
182.9

5,413
1,113.7
52.0
639.2
983.7
494.5
711.8
578.6
118.0
550.6
171.1

5,561
1,124.0
49.0
645.5
1,012.4
511.9
755.9
581.8
111.3
608.7
160.3

5,522
1,143.2
48.9
606.5
979.6
516.7
784.2
575.5
107.7
614.7
145.2

42,926

43,834

46,198

48,361

Transportation and public utilities

4,190

4,074

4,270

4,387

Wholesale trade

4,246

4,226

4,469

4,657

13,612

14,011

14,853

15,556

Industry

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Data relate to production workers in mining
and manufacturing; construction workers in
construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.

218

p

588.7

396.2
460.5
616.5

231.3

3,997

4,068

4,224

4,391

16,880

17,455

18,382

19,370

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are
currently projected from March 1984 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984
forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
63. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Industry

Total private

P

1982

1983

1984

1985

1982

1983

1984

1

1985

1982

1983

1984

1985P

34.8

35.0

35.3

35.1

$7.68

$8.02

$8.33

$8.58

$267.26 $280.70 $294.05 $301.16

Mining

42.7

42.5

43.3

43.4

10.77

11.28

11.63

11.95

459.88

479.40

503.58

518.63

Construction

36.7

37.1

37.7

37.7

11.63

11.94

12.12

12.26

426.82

442.97

456.92

462.20

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

38.9
2.3

40.1
3.0

40.7
3.4

40.5
3.3

8.49
(2)

8.83
(2)

9.18
(2)

9.52
(2)

330.26

354.08

373.63

(2)

(2)

(2)

385.56
(2)

Durable goods
Overtime hours

39.3
2.2

40.7
3.0

41.4
3.6

41.2
3.5

$9.04

$9.39

$9.74 $10.09

38.0
37.2
40.1
38.6
37.9
39.2
39.7
39.3
40.5
40.5
39.8
38.4

40.1
39.4
41.5
40.5
39.5
40.6
40.5
40.5
42.1
43.3
40.4
39.1

39.9
39.7
42.0
41.7
40.6
41.4
41.9
41.0
42.7
43.8
41.3
39.4

39.8
39.4
41.9
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.5
40.6
42.6
43.5
41.0
39.4

$7.43
6.31
8.87
11.33
13.35
8.77
9.26
8.21
11.11
11.62
8.06
6.42

$7.80
6.62
9.28
11.35
12.89
9.12
9.55
8.67
11.67
12.14
8.48
6.81

$8.03
6.85
9.57
11.47
12.99
9.38
9.96
9.04
12.22
12.74
8.85
7.04

$8.19
7.19
9.83
11.67
13.35
9.66
10.29
9.47
12.71
13.44
9.19
7.28

$282.34
234.73
355.69
437.34
505.97
343.78
367.62
322.65
449.96
470.61
320.79
246.53

$312.78
260.83
385.12
459.68
509.16
370.27
386.78
351.14
491.31
525.66
342.59
266.27

$320.40
271.95
401.94
478.30
527.39
388.33
AM.32
370.64
521.79
558.01
365.51
277.38

$325.96
283.29
411.88
484.31
548.69
398.96
427.04
384.48
541.45
584.64
376.79
286.83

38.4
2.5

39.4
3.0

39.6
3.1

39.6
3.1

7.74

8.08

8.37

8.68

297.22

318.35

331.45

343.73

39.4
37.8
37.5
34.7
41.8
37.1
40.9
43.9
39.6
35.6

39.5
37.4
40.4
36.2
42.6
37.6
41.6
43.9
41.2
36.8

39.8
38.9
39.9
36.4
43.1
37.9
41.9
43.7
41.7
36.8

39.9
37.1
39.8
36.3
43.1
37.7
41.9
43.1
41.0
37.2

$7.92
9.79
5.83
5.20
9.32
8.74
9.96
12.46
7.64
5.33

$8.19
10.38
6.18
5.38
9.93
9.11
10.58
13.28
8.00

$8.38
11.27
6.46
5.55
10.41
9.40
11.08
13.43
8.29

$8.54
12.08
6.71
5.72
10.82
9.69
11.58
14.04
8.53

$312.05
370.06
218.63
180.44
389.58
324.25
407.36
546.99
302.54
189.75

$323.51
388.21
249.67
194.76
423.02
342.54
440.13
582.99
329.60
203.87

$333.52
438.40
257.75
202.02
448.67
356.26
464.25
586.89
345.69
209.76

$340.75
448.17
267.06
207.64
466.34
365.31
485.20
605.12
349.73

5.54

5.70

5.82

Transportation and public utilities

39.0

39.0

39.4

39.5

10.32

402.48

420.81

437.73

Wholesale trade

38.3

38.5

38.6

38.7

8.09

309.85

329.18

345.86

Retail trade

29.9

29.8

30.0

29.7

5.48

163.85

171.05

176.40

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.2

36.2

36.5

36.4

6.78

245.44

263.90

278.13

Services

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.8

6.92

225.59

239.04

250.59

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

1

8.55
5.74
7.29

Data relate to production
workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.




10.79

7.31

11.11
8.96
5.88
7.62
7.64

11.38
9.27
5.97
7.94
7.95

$355.27 $382.17 $403.24 $415.71

216.50
449.51
358.75
177.31
289.02
260.76

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1984 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

219

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2)
reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained
from a sample survey of the population 16 years of age
and over. The survey is conducted each month by the
Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the
employed, and the unemployed, including such
characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,
marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and
past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers for
a sample of about 59,500 households, representing 729
areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The
data collected are based on the activity or status
reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled
each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The
establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings,
and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based on payroll reports from a
sample of over 200,000 establishments employing over
35 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who
received pay during the payroll period which includes
the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement
one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained
only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from
establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
220




because of differences in definitions and coverage,
sources of information, methods of collection, and
estimating procedures. Sampling variability and
response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on
the levels and trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including
domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, unpaid workers who worked 15
hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises, and members of the Armed Forces
stationed in the United States. Civilian employment in
both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary
employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once
and are classified according the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
In the figures based on establishment reports, persons
who worked in more than one establishment during the
reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all civilians who had jobs
but were not at work durine „!„ survey week—that is,
were not working but had jobs from which they were
temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or because they
were taking time off for various other reasons, even if
they were not paid by their employers for the time off.
In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave
paid for by the company are included, but not those on
leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences
between household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "Comparing
Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll
Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969.

Hours of work

The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for
by employers. In the household survey data, all persons
with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours
distributions and the computations of average hours. In
the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory
employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick
leave are included and assigned the number of hours for
which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings

The household survey measures median earnings of
wage and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the private and public sectors. Data
refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's
sole or primary job. Data from the establishment survey
generally refer to average earnings of production and
related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in private service-producing industries. For a
comprehensive discussion of the household survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the Quarterly
Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total
from the household survey includes all persons who did
not have a job at all during the survey week and were
looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a
job from which they had been laid off, whether or not
they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures
on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the
Employment and Training Administration of the
Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not
earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services,
and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family workers). Beginning in January 1978,
coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose
employers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks or
paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of
unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons
working only a few hours during the week are




sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but
are classified as employed rather than unemployed in
the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total
unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured
Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971
issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and
Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual
jobholders, who are counted more than once if they
work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling
techniques and collecting and estimating methods,
which cannot be readily measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the
Census, BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons
for noncomparability are different treatment of
business units considered parts of an establishment,
such as central administrative offices and auxiliary
units, the industrial classification of establishments, and
different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial
establishments, whereas these are included in the BLS
statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business
Patterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS
establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate
railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete
for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary
workers are covered by the unemployment insurance
programs. However, certain activities, such as interstate
railroads, parochial schools, and churches are not
covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are
included in the BLS establishment statistics.
221

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Statistics on the employment status of the population,
the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of
the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the
labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by
the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population
Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published
in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current
Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to
represent the civilian noninstitutional population.
Respondents are interviewed to obtain information
about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics
are also collected for 14- and 15-year-olds. The inquiry
relates to activity or status during the calendar week,
Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th of
the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual
field interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years of
age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and are excluded from the population and labor
force statistics shown in this report. Data on the
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States, who are included as part of the categories
"noninstitutional population," "labor force," and
"total employment." are obtained from the Department of Defense.
Each month about 59,500 occupied units are eligible
for interview. About 2,500 of these households are
visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at home after repeated calls or are
unavailable for other reasons. This represents a
noninterview rate for the survey of between 4 or 5 percent. In addition to the 59,500 occupied units, there are
11,000 sample units in an average month which are
visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one
half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

The concepts and definitions underlying labor force
data have been modified, but not substantially altered,
since the inception of the survey in 1940; those used
222




since 1967 are as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in
their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or
who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an
enterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or
businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement disputes, or personal reasons, whether
they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those
who held more than one job are counted in the job at
which they worked the greatest number of hours during
the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign
countries who are temporarily in the United States but
not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are
persons whose only activity consisted of work around
the house (painting, repairing, or own home
housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,
and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no
employment during the survey week, were available for
work, except for temporary illness, and (a) had made
specific efforts to find employment someting during the
prior 4 weeks, or (b) were waiting to be recalled to a job
from which they had been laid off, or (c) were waiting to
report to a new job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
persons classified as unemployed had been continuously
looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of
unemployment represents the number of full weeks
since the termination of their most recent employment.
A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was
employed or ceased looking for work is considered to
break the continuity of the present period of seeking
work. Measurements of mean and median duration are
computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the
status of individuals at the time they began to look for
work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into
four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose
employment ended involuntarily who immediately
began looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Job
leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated

their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who
previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or
longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who
never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or
longer. Each of these four categories of the unemployed
may be expressed as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the
four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all
civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those persons unemployed because they (a) were
waiting to be called back to a job from which they had
been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new job
within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to a public or private
employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples of
the " other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup
point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance
with the criteria described above. The labor force also
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers
represents the number unemployed as a percent of the
civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed
for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age,
race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force. The labor force
participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civilian
noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force participation rates are usually published for sex-age groups,
often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is
employed. The total employment-population ratio is
total employment, including the resident Armed Forces,




as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The
civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage
of all employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutional
population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons
are further classified as engaged in own home
housework, in school, unable to work because of longterm physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The
"other" group includes individuals reported as too old
or temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle,
seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an
off season and who were not reported as looking for
work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or
that no jobs were available for which they could
qualify—discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in the
specified week) are also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous
work experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a
job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking
for work are published on a quarterly basis. As of
January 1970, the detailed questions for persons not in
the labor force are asked only in those households that
are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e.,
the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the
sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for
the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969 these
questions were asked in those households entering the
sample for the first time and those returning for the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the
employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at
which they worked the greatest number of hours during
the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more.
The classifications of occupations and industries used in
data derived from the CPS are defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed categories included in
these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and
salary workers subdivided into private and government
workers; self-employed workers; and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages,
salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private
employer or from a government unit. Self-employed
persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm.
Unpaid family workers are persons working without
pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a
business operated by a member of the household to
223

whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the survey week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were
off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as
working 32 hours even though they were paid for the
holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs
during the week; all the hours are credited to the major
job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked
relates to persons at work during the survey week. At
work data differ from data on total employment
because the latter include persons in the zero-hoursworked category, with a job but not at work. Included
in this latter group are persons who were on vacation,
ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from
their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working part time. Part-time workers are classified by their
usual status at their present job (either full or part time)
and by their reason for working part time during the
survey week (economic or other reasons). Economic
reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs
to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Other
reasons include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home, housework, school,
no desire for full-time work, and full-time worker only
during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more,
those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
The full-time labor force consists of persons working
on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working
part time (part time for economic reasons), and
unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The parttime labor force consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time
work. Persons with a job but not at work during the
survey week are classified according to whether they
usually work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours
lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a
percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is
computed by assuming that; (1) unemployed persons
looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) those working for part-time work lost the average
number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on
part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
224




White, black, and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. Included in the "other" group are
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and
Pacific Islanders. All tables in this publication which
contain racial data, with the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data for the black population
group. Because of their relatively small sample size,
data for "other" races are not published. In the
enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,
Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or
South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.
Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thus
they are included in both the white and black population
groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,
1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are
men who never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from
responses to the question "How much does . . . USUALLY earn per week at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime pay, commissions, or tips
usually received. The term "usual" is as perceived by
the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition
of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term
as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or
5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who usually
work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the
earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values above the median and the other having values
below the median. The medians as shown in this
publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the
$10 interval within which each median falls.
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and
other marital status are terms used to define the marital
status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
reported as members of the same household even
though one may be temporarily absent on business,
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital
status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital
discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living
away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a
different place of residence for any reason.

A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms,
or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living
quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The
term is never applied to either husbands or wives in
married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons
residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family even though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group
related by birth or marriage to the householder and
sharing the living quarters. The count of families used in
this publication excludes unrelated subfamilies such as
lodgers, guests, or resident employees living in a
household but not related to the householder. Families
are classified either as married-couple families or as
families maintained by women or men without spouses.
A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of
families exclude all those in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
persons maintaining the family is either self-employed
or in the Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit

The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor
force, employment, and unemployment was raised from
14 to 16 years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical series have been revised to provide consistent information based on the population 16 years and
over. For a detailed discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced at that time, including
estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New
Definitions for Employment and Unemployment,"
Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the
Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels

In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there
are several other periods of noncomparability in the
labor force data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from the 1950 census into the estimating
procedures, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and
agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and




men; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)
Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of
this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3)
Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000;
unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4)
Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than
300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March
1973. This adjustment, which affected the white and
black-and-other groups but had little effect on totals,
resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and
total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the
methodology used to prepare independent estimates of
the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to
an inflation-deflation approach. This change in the
derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on
estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—particularly those
of the black-and-other population—but had little effect
on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation", in the
February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration
of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total
and black-and-other independent population controls
for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by
76,000—30,000 men and 46,000 women. The addition
of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all
of the changes were in the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in
the civilian labor force and employment totals;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and
an indication of the differences appear in * 'Revisions in
the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the
February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
225

Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by
race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample
households had race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households
had race determined by interviewer observation. It was
not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race
determined by the household respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio
estimation method was changed in the CPS estimation
procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United
States. The reasoning behind the change and an indication of the differences appear in * 'Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the
February 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the
February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In
addition, current population estimates used in the
second-stage estimation procedure are derived from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases in total population and estimates of persons in
all labor force categories. Rates for labor force
characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged.
Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to
1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used is also described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however,
smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972
and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain
data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment methodology was updated to account for
results obtained from the 1980 census. The purpose of
the change and an indication of its effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only slight differences
between the old and new procedures in estimates of
levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjust226




ment, the first and second-stage ratio adjustments, and
the composite estimator—were revised. The new procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes and an indication of
their effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this
publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on
estimates of persons of Hispanic origin, which have
been revised, to the extent possible, back to January
1980.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in
the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were introduced into the CPS. Comparability
was further affected in December 1971, when a question
relating to major activity or duties was added to the
monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more
precisely the occupational classification of individuals.
As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisons of
occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor between those 2
years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes in the
occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971
and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment
and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census
were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from
those developed for the 1970 census which were used in
the CPS from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system
evolved from the Standard Occupational Classification
system (soc). While the CPS occupational data are now
comparable with other data sources, the new system is
so radically different in concepts and nomenclature
from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical
data are not possible without major adjustments. For
example, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" is
substantially larger than the 1970 category "sales
workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors
in retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980
census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial
Classification system (sic), as modified in 1977. The
adoption of the new system had much less of an adverse

effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the
1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores
from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from
"public administration" to "transportation", and
some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial classification systems appears in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design

Since the inception of the survey, there have been
various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of
these changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the
reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census
is to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of
sample areas and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan
was introduced in which a sample unit is interviewed for
4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and then
returns to the sample for another 4 months. When
Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for the population in
these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major
portion of the sample from census address lists was
begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected
using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing units. In January 1978, a
supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in
24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to
provide more reliable annual average estimates for
States, was incorporated into the design. In October
1978 a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units which
represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of
mobile homes and new construction units that previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected
from the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units
was implemented in May 1981. Beginning in January
1982, the sample was expanded by 100 households to
provide additional coverage in counties added to
SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was




selected based on 1980 census information rather than
1970 census information. The selection of new sample
areas provided an opportunity to improve the efficiency
of the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account for only 10 percent of the
national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in
increased reliability for State estimates with a slightly
reduced sample size. The reliability of national
estimates is unaffected. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973
geographic areas in the United States. This current
number of sample areas is not completely comparable to
the old number of sample areas since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May
1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of the
new sample.)
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the
CPS sample design in use during the different data collection periods. A more detailed account of the history
of the CPS sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper
No. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived From
the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
ESTIMATING METHODS

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of
the results for a given month become available
simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire
panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person by
the inverse of the probability of the person being in the
sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons within the same
State will have the same probability of selection. These
estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to
account for occupied sample households for which no
information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the
respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations of similar
sample areas that are not necessarily contained within a
State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.
Within each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MS A sample areas are
categorized by central city and the balance of the MSA.
Residence categories of non-MSA areas are urban and
rural. The proportion of sample households not inter227

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug.1947 to Jan.1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to present .

Interviewed

Not interviewed

Households visited but
not eligible

68
230
1
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000

500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8.500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.

viewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending on
weather, vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population
selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by
chance, from that of the population as a whole, in such
characteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Since
these characteristics are closely correlated with labor
force participation and other principal measurements
made from the sample, the survey estimates can be
substantially improved when weighted appropriately by
the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of
the 729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas
not in the sample; the remainder of the sample areas
represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the
variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not
applied to sample areas which represent only
themselves. The adjustment is made at the State level
for each of the 43 States which contains nonsample
areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at
the time of the 1980 census between the race distribution
of the population in sample areas and the known race
distribution of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to the distribution of independent current
estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population in
the same categories. The second-stage ratio adjustment
which is performed to further reduce variability of the
estimates and to correct to some extent for CPS undercover age relative to the decennial census, is carried out
in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are
adjusted within each State and the District of Columbia
228




Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

to an independent control for the population 16 years
and over for the State. The second step involves an adjustment by Hispanic origin to a national estimate for 8
age-sex categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the
third step, a national adjustment is made by the race
categories of white, black, and other races to independent estimates by age and sex. The white and black
categories contain 32 age-sex groups each while the
other races category has 6 age-sex cells. The entire
second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six times,
each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of
the population for both State and national age-sex-raceorigin categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure incorporates changes instituted in
January 1985. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in " Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of
the population from the April 1, 1980, census through
the latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this
group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25.
For a description of the methodology used in developing
the State total, use Report 640 of that series. A description of the age estimates methodology is available on request from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control
for Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These
Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the
1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated
Hispanic births and immigrants and subtracting
estimated Hispanic deaths and emigrants to yield an

estimate of the Hispanic population by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December
1984, the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued in the preparation of the independent
national controls used for the age-sex-race groups in the
third step of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in
January 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method of
deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the
"inflation-deflation" method, the independent controls
are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging
this population forward to each subsequent month and
later age by adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates
are then deflated to census level to reflect the pattern of
net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex,
and race. Because an estimate of undercount is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex group
is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.
Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age
structure of the undercount, but not the level. This
feature of the method is important since the exact
amount of undercount in the 1980 census remains
unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and
the estimate date are based on tabulations of vital
statistics for the resident population made by the National Center for Health Statistics and data on deaths of
military personnel overseas from the Department of
Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based
on data provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office of
Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning
Board. The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas. The institutional
population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the
estimate date. All computations described above are
performed in cells defined by single year of age, race,
and sex. The independent national control totals are
then obtained by collapsing these cells into broader age
groups for the population 16 years and older.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics
for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is
used which takes account of net changes from the
previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75




percent), as well as the sample results for the current
month. Also included is an additional term which is an
estimate of the net difference between incoming and
continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved
by this procedure, and most estimates of level are also
improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal
the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest
thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may
not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates

There are two types of errors possible in an estimate
based on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling.
The standard errors provided primarily indicate the
magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially
measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in
response and enumeration but do not measure any
systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted
to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the
CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such
as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels
would be more severely affected by the nonsampling
error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to
many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information
about all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties,
differences in the interpretation of questions, inability
or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall information, errors made
in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in
estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (under cover age).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase
of the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various
sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the
work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at
regular intervals. The results indicate, among other
things, that the data published from the CPS are subject
to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may
be found in the Current Population Survey Reinterview
Program, January 1961 through December 1966.
229

Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the
rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the
estimates varies by rotation group. A description of
these effects appears in the "The Effects of Rotation
Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical
Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households.
Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS
undercoverage varies with age, sex, race and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than
for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races combined than for whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-race-origin population controls, as
described previously, partially corrects for the biases
due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in
the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed
households or missed persons in interviewed households
have different characteristics than interviewed persons
in the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the independent population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the
CPS appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as
Measured by the Current Population Survey," by
Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy
Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "The
Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin
Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and
Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in The
Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology,
Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes
a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of various
sources of error, and describes attempts to measure
them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and
its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the average
of all possible samples with a known probability. For
example, if all possible samples were selected, each of
these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate
and its estimated error were calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from
230




one standard error below the estimate to one standard
error above the estimate would include the average
result of all possible samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard error
above the estimate would include the average of all
possible samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average result of
all possible samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be
prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required. First, the standard errors in this
volume reflect the sample design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State
estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightly
overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual
standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of
standard errors are computed for various types of
characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets
of standard errors provided give an indication of the
order of magnitude of the standard error of an estimate
rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly
estimates and for changes for consecutive months.
These standard errors are applicable to the level of the
estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors for monthly level and month-to-month change for
estimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages.
Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly
level and month-to-month change for percentages.
Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in,
the table may be approximated by linear interpolation.
The standard error for estimated changes from one
month to the next is more closely related to the monthly
level for the characteristic than to the size of the specific
month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the
generalized standard errors for month-to-month change
as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary
to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It
should be noted that the tables of standard errors for
month-to-month change apply only to estimates of
change between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of
change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher
standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with
tables D, F, H, and I to compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force participation rates, and
percentages as pertaining to the year-to-year change of

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Monthly
level

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Month-tomonth
change (consecutive
months only)

252
270
137

193
205
138

152
167
96

131
146
96

190
190
83

143
147
86

83
86
58

90
97
64

87
95
66

66
71
69

50
57
45

44
51
48

67
67
43

47
49
46

32
27
30

37
31
32

monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in
quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in
yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes
in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the
standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences
in the sample size. For years prior to 1956, the standard
errors should be multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66
period, they should be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimates
of persons and families for use with the CPS earnings
data.
Standard errors for estimated totals, fables D and E
provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals
and for month-to-month change. The figures given in
these tables are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number
of persons working a specific number of hours was
12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previous
month. Linear interpolation in the second column of
table D shows that the standard error on an estimate of
12,000,000 is about 159,000. The 68-percent confidence
interval as shown by these data is from 11,841,000 to
12,159,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average
estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a
range computed in this way would be correct for
roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over

Monthly level

Consecutive
month change

0.12
.16
.18
.66
.12
.55
.16
.22
.13
.34
.07

0.12
.16
.19
.78
.13
.58
.17
.23
.13
.42
.09

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective service
.
Service, except private household and
protective




.25
.20
.49
.31
.26
1.28
.80

.28
.23
.55
.35
.29
1.45
.90

.41

.46

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Monthly level

Consecutive
month change

0.38

0.42

.52
.68

.59
.78

.80
.88

.93
1.01

.14
1.47
.71
.28
.35
.44

.15
1.68
.81
.31
.39
.50

.43
.28
.22
.25
1.29

.48
.31
.24
.28
1.50

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving .
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . .
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

231

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated monthly level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000 ...
15,000 ...
20,000 ...
30,000 ...
40,000 ...
50,000 ...
60,000 ...
70,000 ...
80,000 ...
100,000.
120,000.

Agricultural
employment

14
19
43
61
85
120
146

Total or
white

11
15
34
48
68
95
116
133
147
177
201
236
261
278
288
293
293
273
231

Black

11
15
34
47
64
84
94
97
94
50

Total or
Black men
Total or
Black, 16 to white men
only, or
white, 16 to
only, or
19 years
women only
19 years
women only
11
15
33
46
63
80
86
83
70

11
15
29
33

10
14
32
45
63
87
105
120
132
155
170
188
189
175
141
61

10
14
31
42
55
66
58
23

Unemployment

Total or
white

10
15
33
47
66
93
113
129
143
172
195

Black

11
16
35
49
67
88
99

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error

on the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.
Thus, using linear interpolation in the first column of
table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change
of 400,000, when the monthly level is approximately
12,000,000, is about 118,000.

from table I. When the numerator and denominator of
the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration. Assume that in a given month 3.6 percent
of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliabili- in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 3.6
percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table
ty of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated
H (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table I
percentage, computed using sample data for both
for the numerator of the percentage, agricultural
numerator and denominator, depends upon both the
employment,
is 1.26. The generalized standard error on
size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which
the
estimated
3.6 percent is then approximately 0.09 x
the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
1.26
=
0.1
percentage
point.
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator of the rates or
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly
percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of
50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly
not published when the monthly base is less than 75,000, averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly
the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or the an- averages. Jhe approximate standard errors of levels,
rates, and percentages involving year-to-year change of
nual average base is less than 35,000.
monthly
estimates, quarterly averages, changes in
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
quarterly
averages, yearly averages, and changes in
monthly level and month-to-month change for
unemployment rates. Generalized standard errors for yearly averages may be obtained by using table J in conestimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to- junction with the other tables. Standard errors for
month change in percentage can be obtained through estimates of change are more closely related to the level
the use of the standard errors in table H and the factors of the estimate than to the size of the specific change.
in table I. First obtain the standard error from table H Thus, to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an
for the specific percentage and base. The generalized average level, rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a
standard error is then calculated by multiplying the change in level, rate, or percentage, it is first necessary
standard error from table H by the appropriate factor to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate

232




of an average level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change in
level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of the
average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,
after computing the standard error by treating these
estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures
above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the yearto-year change of a monthly unemployment rate.
Assume that for a certain month the unemployment rate
is 6.9 percent, based on a total of 95,676,000 in the
civilian labor force, and that a year prior to this the
unemployment rate was 6.1 percent, based on a total of
94,254,000 in the civilian labor force for the month.
First the standard error on the average of the two
estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of 94,965,000, is obtained from table F (0.12 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then
given by 0.12 x 1.40 = 0.17 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving
year-to-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to
CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using table K in conjunction with the following formula:

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

//Stand-X
ard
I error /

/stand-X
/Stand- \
I ard 1
I ard j
• \ error /-2(P)\ error /

/
I
y

Where X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the
estimate for another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a
measure of the correlation between the estimates X and
Y resulting from the presence of some of the same
respondents in the sample for each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the
values of P are .30 for persons (total, white, and black)
and .35 for families (total, white, and black). The
respective values for estimates of Hispanics are .45 and
.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number
of women employed as full-time wage and salary
workers was 27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year
later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using
linear interpolation in the eighth column of table K, the
standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000;
for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula,
the standard error of the 2,000,000, year-to-year change
is:
V(216l000)2 • (221,000)2 -2 (.30) (216,000) (221,000),
or about 259,000.

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment data

Unemployment

Estimated monthly level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000 ...
15,000 ...
20,000 ...
30,000 ...
40,000 ...
50,000 ...
60,000 ...
70,000 ...
80,000 ...
100,000 .
120,000 .
1
2

Total or white

Black

8
11
25
36
50
70
86
98
109
131
148
174
191
203
210
212
211
193
153

8
11
25
35
47
62
70
73
71
42

Both sexes 16
Total or white, Black, 16 to
to 19 years, or
Total or white
16 to 19 years
19 years
part-time labor
force2
13
18
39
54
72
88
88
71

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons




13
18
34
36

12
16
37
51
72
99
118
132
143
160
165

13
18
40
54
70
78
60

Black

12
17
38
52
69
85
87

Black, 16 to
19 years
12
18
35
37

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by
duration of unemployment.

233

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly base of unemployment rate (In
thousands)
50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ....
10,000.,
20,000 .,
60,000..
100,000

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
1
2.09
1.48
.66
.47
.33
.23
.19
.15
.10
.06
.05

2.94
2.08
.93
.66
.46
.33
.27
.21
.15
.08
.07

4.57
3.23
1.45
1.02
.72
.51
.42
.32
.23
.13
.10

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

6.28
4.44
1.99
1.40
.99
.70
.57
.44
.31
.18
.14

7.46
5.28
2.36
1.67
1.18
.83
.68
.53
.37
.21
.17

8.34
5.90
2.64
1.87
1.32
.93
.76
.59
.42
.24
.19

9.01
6.37
2.85
2.01
1.42
1.01
.82
.64
.45
.26
.20

9.05
6.73
3.01
2.13
1.50
1.06
.87
.67
.47
.27
.21

9.87
6.98
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.22

10.21
7.22
3.27
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.29
.22

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change In unemployment rates
Monthly base of unemployment rate (In
thousands)
50
100
500
1 000
2,000
4 000
6 000
10,000
20,000
60 000
100,000

.

.

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.32
1.64
.73
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.12
.07
.05

3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.09
.07

5.14
3.64
1.63
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.25
.14
.11

7.18
5.08
2.27
1.60
1.13
.80
.65
.50
.35
.19
.14

8.69
6.14
2.74
1.94
1.37
.96
.78
.60
.42
.22
.15

9.90
7.00
3.13
2.21
1.56
1.10
.89
.68
.47
.23
.15

10.93
7.12
3.45
2.44
1.72
1.20
.98
.75
.51
.24

11.81
8.35
3.73
2.63
1.85
1.30
1.05
.80
.54

12.58
8.89
3.97
2.80
1.97
1.38
1.11

14.48
10.17
4.53
3.19
2.24
1.56
_
_
_

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change In percentages for labor force
data
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
10,000.
20,000 .
40,000.
60,000 .
80,000..
100,000
160,000

Percentage of monthly level
1or99

2 or 98

5 or 95

2.14
1.51
.68
.48
.34
.24
.20
.15
.11
.08
.06
.05
.05
.04

3.01
2.13
.95
.67
.48
.34
.28
.21
.15
.11
.09
.08
.07
.05

4.69
3.32
1.48
1.05
.74
.52
.43
.33
.23
.17
.14
.12
.10
.08

10 or 90 15 or 85 20 or 80 25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65
6.46
4.57
2.04
1.44
1.02
.72
.59
.46
.32
.23
.19
.16
.14
.11

7.68
5.43
2.43
1.72
1.22
.86
.70
.54
.38
.27
.22
.19
.17
.13

8.61
6.09
2.72
1.92
1.36
.96
.79
.61
.43
.30
.25
.22
.19
.15

9.32
6.59
2.95
2.08
1.47
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.16

9.86
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.35
.28
.25
.22
.17

1.0.27
7.26
3.25
2.30
1.62
1.15
.94
.73
.51
.36
.30
.26
.23
.18

50
10.76
7.61
3.40
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.19

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific
characteristic.

234




Table I. Factors to be used with Table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change In percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment data:
Total
Men only
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Characteristic
Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Table J. Factors to be used with Tables, D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages
and change in yearly averages,
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30

0.89
.83

0.80
.80

0.72
.58

0.70
.70

1.40

.74

.80

.46

.70

1.30

.88

.88

.67

.70

1.30
1.40

.82
.74

.88
.88

.57
.46

.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time
Labor force data other than
agricultural employment and
unemployment data:
Total or white
Black or teenagers
(16 to 19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time




235

Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly level, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated quarterly level

10
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
500
750
1,000 ...
1,500...
2,000 ...
2,500 ....
3,000 ....
5,000 ...
7,500 ....
10,000 .
15,000.,
20,000 ..
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 ..
75,000 .
100,000

236




Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Women

Men

Total

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
236

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION

Payroll reports provide current information on wage
and salary employment, hours, and earnings in
nonagricultural establishments, by industry and
geographic location. Historical statistics are published
in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States,
1909-84, and Employment Hours and Earnings, States
and Areas, 1939-82 and their annual supplements.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
Manual (SICM), Office of Management and Budget.
The BLS tabulates and estimates statistics which
distinguish between private and public establishments,
thus maintaining continuity with previously published
statistics for the private and government sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Under cooperative arrangements, responding
establishments report employment, hours, and earnings
data to State agencies. State agencies mail the forms to
the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the
reported data to prepare State and area series and also
send the reported data to the BLS (Washington Office)
for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a
duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and
together with the use of similar estimating techniques at
the national and State levels, promotes increased comparability between estimates.
Shuttle schedules

Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The
collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent
each month so that the next month's data can be entered
on the space alotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of
reporting, since the respondent can see the figures that
have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total
number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries,
employment, payroll, and hours of production and
related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month.

Industry employment

Employment data, except those for the Federal
Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls
who received pay for any part of the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the
number of persons who occupied positions on the last
day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are
counted if they performed any service during the
month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and
domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are
included. Government employment covers only civilian
employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees
of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid
sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),
on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during
a part of the pay period even though they are
unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period
are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on
strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have
not yet reported during the period.
Industry hours and earnings

CONCEPTS
Industrial classification

Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are
classified into industries on the basis of their principal
product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information
is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an
establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of
the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.




Average hours and earnings data are derived from
reports of payrolls and hours for production and related
workers in manufacturing'and mining, construction
workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers include working
supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including
group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage,
handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking,
hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant's
237

own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other
services closely associated with the above production
operation.
Construction workers include the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices,
helpejrs, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether
working at the site of construction or working in shops
or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling)
ordinarily performed by members of the construction
trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators,
drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social
workers, research aides, teachers, drafters,
photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant
workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers
and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported
before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and
unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding
tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by
the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each
pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period
reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value of
free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other
types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are
hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave
when pay is received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours covers hours worked by production
or related workers for which overtime premiums were
paid because the hours were in excess of the number of
hours of either the straight-time workday or the
workweek during the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included
only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which
only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other
similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
238




Average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly
earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only
changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but
also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime
and late-shift work and changes in output of workers
paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the
number of employees between relatively high-paid and
low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings
for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates.
Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated
period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a
given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not
measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the
employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare
benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings
for those employees not covered under the production
worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory
employee definitions.
Average weekly earnings estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings
are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek.
Monthly variations in such factors as proportion of
part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor
turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for
which employees are not paid may cause the average
workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the
work force. For example, persistent long-term increases
in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade
and many of the services industries have reduced
average workweeks in these industries and have affected
the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information
relates to the average hours for which pay was received
and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such
factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to
be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the
workweek of component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent
that portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were
paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at
regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her
holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked
that day, no overtime hours would be reported.

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees .

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.
by ratio of all employees in current month to all
employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees .
All-employees estimate for current month multiplied Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory work- estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
ers to all employees in sample establish- component cells.
ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2
Average weekly hours.

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2 worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by number Average, weighted by production worker employment,
of the average weekly overtime hours for comof production workers.2
ponent cells.

Average hourly earnings.

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hourly earnings for component cells.
hours.2

Average weekly earnings .

Product of aveVage weekly hours and average hourly Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
earnings.
Annual average data

All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Average weekly hours .

Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or non- Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied supervisory workers divided by annual sum of
by average weekly hours) divided by annual employment for these workers.
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro- Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for
duction worker employment multiplied by production workers divided by aryiual sum of
average weekly overtime hours) divided employment for these workers.
by annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro- Annual total of aggregate
duction or nonsupervisory worker employment annual aggregate hours.
by weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided
by annual aggregate hours.

payrolls divided by

Product of average weekly
hourly earnings.

hours and average

Average weekly earnings .
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

hours and average Product of average weekly
hourly earnings.

a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

239

Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month; for
example, ovetime premiums may be paid for hours in
excess of the straight-time workday although less than a
full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry
group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as stoppages,
absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same
influence on overtime hours as on average hours.
Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for Class I
railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)
are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300
report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and
staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during
the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by
dividing total compensation by total hours paid for.
Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing total
number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by
the number of employees, as defined above. Average
weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are
calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are
computed by dividing the total production worker
payroll for the industry group by the sum of total
production worker hours and one-half of total overtime
hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on
the application of adjustment factors to average hourly
earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review,
May 1950, pp. 537-40). Both methods eliminate only the
earnings due to overtime paid for at I1/: times the
straight-time rates. No adjustments are made for other
premium payment provisions, such as holiday work,
late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and
one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly
figures for 1977. For basic industries, the hour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and
production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hour
aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
240




Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the
percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified time span. The indexes are
calculated from 185 seasonally adjusted employment
series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and threedigit manufacturing industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears
in ''Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
ESTIMATING METHODS

The principal features of the procedure used to
estimate employment for the establishment statistics are
(1) the use of the "link relative" technique which is a
form of ratio estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of
employment levels to new benchmarks; and (3) the use
of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique

From a sample composed of establishments reporting
for both the previous and current months, the ratio of
current month employment to that of the previous
month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The
estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the
current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates
for the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, bias correction factors are applied to selected
employment estimates each month. The size of the bias
correction factors is determined from past benchmark
comparisons. Beginning with data for April 1983, these
factors are modified by changes in the sample link
relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification

A number of industries are stratified by size of
establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to
weight the hours and earnings into broader industry
groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an
employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L,
may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region
stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments

Employment estimates are compared periodically
with benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the various nonagricultural industries and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March
1984 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are
made annually.

The primary sources of benchmark information are
employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by
States agencies from reports of establishments covered
under State unemployment insurance laws. These
tabulations cover about 98 percent of employees on
nonagricultural payrolls in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the
records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry.
If revisions are necesary, the monthly series of estimates
between benchmark periods are adjusted between the
new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new
benchmark for each industry is then carried forward
progressively to the current month by use of the sample
trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is
used to establish the level of employment; the sample is
used to measure the month-to-month changes in the
level. A comparision of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1984 benchmark adjustment is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which
the series has been adjusted are subject to revision.
Revised data are published as soon as possible after each
benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design

The sampling plan used in the Current Employment
Statistics program is known as "sampling proportionate
to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of
establishments. Under this type of design, large
establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The
size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1984
Industry
Total .
Mining
Construction ..
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government.




Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

92,587,000

92,234,000

0.4

952,000
3,914,000
19,151,000

967,000
3,794,000
19,323,000

-1.6
3.1
-.9

5,063,000
5,447,000
15,891,000

5,055,000
5,421,000
15,629,000

.2
.5
1.6

5,588,000
20,365,000
16,216,000

5,565,000
20,276,000
16,204,000

.4
.4
.1

considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a
high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percent of total
employment is included in the sample. Consequently,
the sample design for such industries provides for a
complete census of the large establishments with only a
few chosen from among the smaller establishments or
none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a
large proportion of total employment is in small
establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of
all large establishments and also for a substantial
number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the
sample to a size which can be handled by available
resources, it is necessary to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries.
Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from
regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do
establishments in manufacturing industries, these
smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS Current Employment
Statistics program, with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained
which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable
estimates that can be published promptly and regularly.
The present sample meets these specifications for most
industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce
preliminary estimates each month for many industries
and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after
the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage

The BLS sample of establishment employment and
payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the
field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate
proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing
monthly employment data. The coverage for individual
industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Reliability of the employment estimates

Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the
estimates derived from it may differ from the figures
that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures.
As discussed under the previous section, a "link
relative" technique is used to estimate employment.
This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as
241

Table N. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19841

Industry

Total
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities . . .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance and
real estate .
Services . . .
Government:
Federal2.
State .
Local .

Number
of establishments
in sample

Employees
Number Percent of
total
reported

221,700 36,946,000

40

3,400
376,000
21,500
827,000
50,600 10,571,000
10,500 2,377,000
19,200
909,000
35,900 2,875,000

39
21
55
47
17
18

15,900
41,900

2,101,000
4,838,000

38
24

5,100
4,000
13,700

2,779,000
3,121,000
6,172,000

100
82
64

1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hours
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly
smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment by agency are provided to
BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates
for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal
employment, are based on a sample of 5,100 reports covering about 64
percent of employment in Federal establishments.

the base in computing the current month's estimate.
Thus, small sampling and response errors may cumulate
over several months. To remove this accumulated error,
the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments (resulting from changes in
their product which are not reflected in the levels of
estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels,
particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments.
Another cause of differences arises from improvements
in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent
benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed
descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are
available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating
cells are not subject to benchmark revisions, although
the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings
estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors
which may be expressed as relative errors of the
estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed
as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major
industries are presented in table O and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table
P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours and
earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
242




smaller percentage than the relative error from the
averages that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates:
RMSE=

V(Standard Deviation)2

+ (Bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that
an estimate from the samle would differ from its
benchmark by less than the root-mean-square error.
The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference
would be less than twice the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between final estimates and benchmarks are
presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so
footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less
than the total sample and are revised when all the
reports in the sample have been received. Table Q
presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts of
revisions that may be expected between the preliminary
and final levels of employment and preliminary and
final month-to-month changes. Revisions of
preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally
not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1
cent for hourly earnings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

State and area employment, hours, and earnings data
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ....,
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government3

Average
benchmark revision in
estimates
of employment1
0.2
.3
2.4
1.6
.6
.6
.5
.2
.2

1.4
.2
.4
.3

Relative
errors2
Average
weekly
hours

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6

1
The average percent revision in employment for the 1980-84
benchmarks.
2
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal
Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a
sample of State and local government reports.

Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings
RootmeanSize of employment estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000

1,000,000....
2,000,000 ....

Relative1 errors
(in percent)

square
error of
employment estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan

areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year
in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains
State and area annual averages (usually the May issue).
Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
These statistics are based on the same establishment
reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates.
For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ
slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of
differing industrial and geographic stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for
the detailed industry statistics currently published by
each cooperating State agency are presented in a summary volume published annually by the BLS.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary Bmployment estimates
Root mean square error
of-

Root mean square error
ofIndustrv

Industry
Monthly
level
Total
Total private

1

Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction1
Construction
General building contractors1

117,300

109,000

65,400

58,600

38,900

34,000

5,400
4,800

5,200
4,500

21,300
8,400

17,400
5,500

32,100

29,200

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products1
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic
equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and
equipment1
Instruments and related
products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

23,300
3,900
3,000
2,600
6,400

21,100
3,400
2,300
2,400
6,300

5,500
4,700
8,700

5,300
4,000
7,900

6,200
12,600

6,400
11,100

10,200

10,100

2,200
2,000

2,200
2,000

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing

13,300
8,800
1,500
2,700

13,300
8,800
1,400
2,700

6,400
2,100
2,200

6,100
1,800
2,400

Manufacturing

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products

Month-to-month
change

2,700
1,600

2,500
1,500

2,600
2,700

2,500
2,600

100,300

95,800

15,100
19,700

15,200
19,500

5,000

4,800

8,200
5,300
5,000

8,000
5,000
4,800

Retail trade1
General merchandise stores1
Food stores1
Automotive dealers and service
stations1
Eating and drinking places1

30,900
19,000
6,800

31,100
18,600
5,800

3,200
20,900

2,700
18,800

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance1
Insurance1
Real estate1

9,400
4,300
2,900
5,500

8,300
3,500
2,200
4,500

Services
Business services1
Health services1

34,600
13,400
11,300

28,200
11,300
10,800

Government
Federal
State1
Local1

69,900
17,600
26,000
41,800

64,600
16,200
25,000
39,100

Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation1
Communication and public
utilities1
1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods1
Nondurable goods1

1
Data are based on differences from January 1981 through December
1984; all other data reflect differences from January 1979 through December
1984




243

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION

Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from
estimates of compensation and gross national product
supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the
Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory
workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final
goods and services produced in a given period. Indexes
of output per hour of all persons measure changes in the
volume of goods and services produced per paid hour of
labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries
of employees plus employers' contributions for social
insurance and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementary
payments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial
corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per
hour adjusted to elimate the effect of changes in the
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost
required to produce one unit of output and are derived
by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output.

They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current-dollar gross national product
and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor
costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor
payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory
valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the
constant-dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect,
a price index for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA

For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector, these indexes relate to the gross domestic product
less household and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial
corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of
Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly
measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product
originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81,
BLS Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from the Office of Productivity and Technology
(202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered
under Federal assistance programs are developed by
State employment security agencies under a FederalState cooperative program. The local unemployment
estimates which are derived from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of determining
eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown
in table D are published in Employment and Earnings
244




(usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average
data classified by selected demographic, social, and
economic characteristics are published in the BLS
bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared
for administration of various Federal economic
assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The report
4
'Employment and Unemployment in States and Local

Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is
available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS

The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates
in 11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Florida; and two areas: Los
Angeles—Long Beach metropolitan area and New York
City, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from
the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts see
"Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in
the remaining 39 States, District of Columbia, and 253
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The
civilian labor force is the sum of the employment and
unemployment levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total
civilian employment estimate is based on data from the
survey of establishments which produces an estimate of
payroll employment. This place-of-work estimate must
be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the
CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the several
categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships which existed at the time of the 1970
decennial census. These factors are applied to the
payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtained adjusted employment estimates, to which are
added estimates for employment not cover by UI.
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three building block
categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in
industries covered by State unemployment insurance
(UI) laws; (2) those previously employed in industries
not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to
below as the UI- based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered
industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants
whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary
reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause,
etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and person who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not covered by UI is derived by applying to the
employment estimate for each noncovered industry or
class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of




covered unemployment to covered employment
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants
into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed
from equations that relate the total entrants into the
labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of
entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced
unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force;
and (d) the proportion of the working age population
that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of
total entrants is defined as:
U=
U=
E=
X=
A,B=

A (X + E) + BX, where
total entrant unemployment
total civilian employment
total experienced unemployment
synthetic factors incorporating
seasonal variation and an assumed
relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the
historical relationship of entrants to the
experienced unemployed (B factor) or the
experienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then applied at the State level of the Ul-based
estimates obtained above for each of the 39 States and
the District of Columbia. These correction factors are
based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based estimates
for the 6-month period ending in the current month
(e.g. a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent
estimates of employment and unemployment are
prepared for the State (obtained directly from the CPS
in the 11 large States or by the Ul-based method in the
remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's)
within the State). The total of the geographic areas in
the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of the
State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all
sub-state LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-state
estimates of employment and unemployment add to the
independent State totals. In California and New York,
which also have sub-state areas taken directly from the
CPS, the additivity adjustment for the reamining areas
is applied to the State total : ^us the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment
security agencies using Ul-based estimating procedures
are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual
average CPS estimates for the 39 States and the District
of Columbia for which monthly CPS estimates are not
245

available. This adjustment is necessary because the
State-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS
annual averages due to differences in the State UI laws,
the structual limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the UI data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three
stages. First, the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based annual
averages. Second, the difference between the ratio of

annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the third stage
estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual
averages. In the 11 States which use CPS estimates
monthly, no benchmark correction is required, as the
average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will
equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Census and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adOver the course of a year, the size of the Nation's
justed
labor force series since 1973. Tests have shown
labor force, the levels of employment and unemploythat
use
of the X-ll ARIMA procedure, which places
ment, and other measures of labor market activity
more
emphasis
on recent data, provides better seasonal
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
adjustments than does the X-ll method alone.
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
are calculated for use during the first 6 months of the
of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more
year rather than for the entire year. In July of each year,
or less regular pattern each year, their influence on
BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earnstatistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the
ings a set of seasonal adjustment factors for use in the
statistics from month to month. These adjustments
second half, based on the experience through June.
make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to are made at the beginning of each calendar year.
note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approxima- However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for
1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts, revition based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted
sions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
estimates have a broader margin of possible error than
the original data on which they are based, since they are carried back to 1970.
subject not only to sampling and other errors but are
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjust- well as the major employment and unemployment
ment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for estimates, are computed by aggregating independently
selected labor force and establishment-based data are adjusted series. For example, for each of the three mapublished regularly in Employment and Earnings.
jor labor force components-agricultural employment,
The seasonal adjustment program used for these nonagricultural employment, and unemployment-data
series is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving for four sex-age groups (men and women under and
average method. It provides for "moving" adjustment over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for
factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A seasonal variation and are then added to derive
detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adVariant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment justed figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Cen- seasonally adjusted civilian employment components,
plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for
sus (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two ma- seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployjor modifications in the seasonal adjustment ment components; the total for unemployment is the
methodology for data from the household survey. First, sum of the four unemployment components; and the
the data are being seasonally adjusted with a new pro- overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
cedure called X-ll ARIMA, which was developed at resulting estimate of total unemployment by the
Statistics Canada as an extension of the existing stan- estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
dard X-ll method. A detailed description of the pro- seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
cedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjust- not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor
ment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada
Catalogue NO. 12-564E, February 1980. The X-ll pro- force series based on the experience through December
cedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the 1985, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
246




calculate the civilian unemployment rate for the first 6
months of 1986, and a description of the current
seasonal adjustment methodology are published in the
January 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the 1981-85
revision period for a broader range of labor force series
are published in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-ll
ARIMA methodology in seasonally adjusting the
establishment data, which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. All series
are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models
under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adiustment factors used
in calculating the current year's estimates are based on
actual data through March 1985 and projected data
through March 1986. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since
June 1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to
the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for
most of these series are then obtained by taking a
weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average
hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly
hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average
weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage
Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying
by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsuper-




visory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the
1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,
total private service-producing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a
number of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular
components. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonally
adjusted series are used in the aggregation to broader
level seasonally adjusted series
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors
for Federal Government employment are derived from
unadjusted data which include Christmas temporary
workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years
the number of these workers was substantial, and at
times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of the Postal Service. Hence, it
was considered desirable to exclude this group from the
unadjusted data upon which the seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several years, the number of
these workers has decreased to the point where their
presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment. Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment
factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the
establishment data reflect experience through March
1985. Seasonal adjustment factors to be used for current
adjustment appear in the June 1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.

247

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, 111. 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, Tex. 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III
IV
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.
-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711
-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,
500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001
-Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive,
Tallahassee 32301
-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, Honolulu 96813
-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735
-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Department of Human resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114
-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240
-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216
-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building,
Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311
-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121
-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
-Employment Security Commission, P . O . Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602