Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 1980

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Employment and Earnings
January 1980
U. S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol. 27 No. 1
In this issue:
1979 annual averages




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics
and the Division of Employment and
Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with
the Division of Special Publications. The data
are collected by the Bureau of the Census
(Department of Commerce), State Employment
Security Agencies, and State Departments of
Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS
with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed
on the inside back cover.
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Communications on editorial matters should
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the text and Household Data should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Green, or
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Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379.
Employment and Earnings (Dept. of Labor
Pub.) (USPS 081-990)



Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing
regularly in Employment and Earnings
special features appear in most of the
issues as shown below:
Household data

Annual averages

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted
data, persons not in labor force, persons
of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-Era veterans
and nonveterans, poverty-nonpoverty area
data, family relationship data.

Jan., Apr.,
July, Oct.

Establishment data

National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employment detail (final)

Mar.

National data adjusted to new benchmarks

Oct.1

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Oct.2

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

1
The issue that introduces new benchmark varies. The October 1979 issue marks
the introduction of March 1978 benchmarks.
2
Revised data introduced October 1979.

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 27 No. 1 January 1980
Editors: Gloria P. Green, Gloria P. Goings, Rosalie K. Epstein
Editors' Note
It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment
factors for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey
(household survey) to incorporate experience in the most recent year. As a result of the recalculation
of seasonal factors, seasonally adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision. The data
in tables A - 1 , A-2, A-33 through A-42, and A-44 through A-53 have been revised to reflect the
updated seasonal adjustment factors. Revised monthly data covering the entire 1975-79 revision
period for a broader range of labor force series will appear in next month's issue.
This year, the Bureau has introduced two modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology
which are described in the article, "Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series/' beginning
on page 9 in this issue. The article also gives the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the overall unemployment rate for January-June 1980.

CONTENTS
Page

List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1979
Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series
Charts
Statistical tables:
Not seaonally adjustedHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor turnover
State and area unemployment data
Seasonally adjusted seriesHousehold data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity
Labor turnover.
Annual averages
Explanatory notes




,

2
7
9
14

26
65
79
111
142
151
50
57
96
132
134
147
156
207

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
A- 1 . Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 16 years and over, 1947 to date
A- 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by race and sex
A- 8 . Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by
A- 9 . Employment status of the noninstitutional population

26

16 years and over
by sex, age, and race

by race, sex, and age
16-21 years of age

•

sex, age, and race
by family relationship

•

27
28
30
32
33
34
35
36

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-10.
A-11.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.

Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age .
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
:
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job

36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41

Characteristics of the Employed
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.

Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers»by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

,.

41
42
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
48

Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds
A - 3 1 . Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

49
-.

49

seasonally.adjusted
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.
A-42.

Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




5

6

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race,
seasonally adjusted
A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally
adjusted
A-46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-48, Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally
adjusted

57
58
59
60
61
61
62
62
63

Persons Not in Labor Force
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work,
sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age and sex
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age, race, and sex
A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by
age, race, sex, and detailed reason
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving
last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex

64
65
66
66
67
67

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and
Hispanic origin
A-60. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by
sex and age
A-61. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
A-62. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social
and economic categories
A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

68
69
70
71
72
72
73
73

Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
by age
A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39
years by age, race, and Hispanic origin

74
74

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan-non metropolitan areas by
sex, age, and race
,
A-70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
A - 7 1 . Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by sex, age, and race

75
76
76

Family Relationship Data
A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members




77
78

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National
BBBBBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1920 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased

i

79
80
89
96
97
98
99

Employment—State and Area

R- 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division . . . . ,

..

100

Hours and Earnings—National

C- 1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1959 to date
C- 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government
C- 4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars

111
112
128
128
129

C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers

on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8. | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
C- 9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted^
C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted . ;
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,

130
...

132
133
134
134
135

unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate

136

Hours and Earnings—State and Area

C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas

...

137

Labor Turnover—National

D- 1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
D- 2. Labor turnover rates, by industry

142
143

D- 3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted

147

Labor Turnover—State and Area

D- 4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas

..

148

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E- 1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas




I51

ANNUAL AVERAGES-HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1949 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
Labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of black workers by sex and age
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship

156
157
158
160
162
163
164
165
166

Characteristics of the Unemployed
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
persons by occupation of last job and sex
persons by industry of last job and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job

.

166
167
167
168
168
169
169
170
170
171

Characteristics of the Employed
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35;
36.

Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex
Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex
Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

171
17

.

^
"^3
17
4
1
76
176
177
178
179
180
181
183
183
184
184
185
186

Characteristics of 14 and 15 year olds
37.
38.

Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

187
187

Persons Not in Labor Force

39.
40.
41.
42.

Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason
Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked
during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
43. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work
within next 12 months by age, race, and sex




188
189
189
190
190

ANNUAL AVERAGES-HOUSEHOLD DATA-Continued
Page

Race and Hispanic Origin Data
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age
Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by occupation
Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by industry
Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

191
192
193
194
195
195
196
196
197
197

54.

job desire of black and Hispanic origin workers not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking work
by age and sex

198

Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
55. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
56. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39 years by
age, race, and Hispanic origin

199
199

Metropolitan-non metropolitan and Poverty-non poverty Area Data
200
57. Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by sex, ago, and race
58. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
59. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by
sex, age, and race

201
201

Family Relationship Data

60. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
61. Employed person by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members

202
203

ANNUAL AVERAGES-ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment-National
204
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group
2. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major
manufacturing group

Hours and Earnings-National

3. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
division and major manufacturing group




206

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1979

Employment rose in December and unemployment
was virtually unchanged. The Nation's unemployment
rate was 5.9 percent, little different from the November
rate of 5.8 percent and similar to those which have prevailed since August 1978.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly
survey of households—rose by 300,000 to 97.9 million.
Over the past year, total employment has increased by
2.1 million.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the
monthly survey of establishments—advanced 315,000
over the month to 90.4 million. Payroll jobs increased by
2.3 million since December 1978.
Unemployment
The December unemployment rate, 5.9 percent, and
the number of unemployed persons, 6.1 million, were
about the same as in the previous month. Since August
1978, the jobless rate has fluctuated within the narrow
band of 5.7 to 5.9 percent as revised, based on updated
seasonal adjustment factors. See article beginning on
page 9.
The December unemployment rates for adult men
(4.2 percent), adult women (5.7 percent), and teenagers
(16.0 percent) were virtually the same as in November.
Jobless rates for whites (5.1 percent) and blacks (11.3
percent) and most other worker groups were also at or near
the levels which have prevailed over the past several
months. (See table A-36.)
Although unemployment has remained steady in recent
months, the number of nonagricultural workers on parttime schedules for economic reasons—a group analysts
sometimes refer to as the partially unemployed—has increased from 3.2 million in September to 3.5 million in
December. (See table A-42.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment advanced by 300,000 in December to
97.9 million, returning the employment-population ratio to
its high of 59.4 percent first reached in July. Over the past
year, total employment has increased by 2.1 million, with
increases for both whites and blacks about proportionate
to their share of the population. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force totaled 104.0 million in December, up 350,000 from November and nearly 2.3 million




from December a year ago. Women accounted for the bulk
of these increases. The overall civilian labor force participation rate was 63.9 percent in December, equaling its previous high recorded in September.
iDiscouraged workers
Discouraged workers are those who report that they
want work but are not looking for jobs because they
believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet
the labor market test—that is, they are not engaged in
active job search—they are classified as not in the labor
force rather than unemployed. These data are published
on a quarterly basis.
The number of discouraged workers, at 740,000, was
little changed both from the previous quarter and over
the past year. Just over three-fifths of this number cited
job-market factors as the reason for their discouragement
(See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 315,000 in
December to 90.4 million. Over the past year, payroll
employment grew 2.3 million. In contrast to recent months
in which job growth had been concentrated in the serviceproducing industries, the December employment growth
was marked by gains in both the goods- and the serviceproducing sectors. (See table B-4.)
Employment
increased
by
170,000
in
the
goods-producing sector, reversing the downward trend of
the past 4 months and returning employment to near its
July level. Manufacturing employment rose by 110,000,
with durable and nondurable goods industries contributing
65,000 and 45,000 additional jobs, respectively. Electrical
and transportation equipment accounted for most of the
growth in durable goods, each rising by 25,000. Gains in
nondurable goods industries were somewhat more widespread. Elsewhere in the goods sector, employment in
construction and mining rose by 45,000 and 15,000,
respectively.
Jobs in the service-producing sector grew by 145,000,
continuing the pattern of long-term growth. The largest
gain took place in the services industry (70,000), while
increases also occurred in government (50,000) and finance
(30,000). Employment in trade and transportation and
public utilities remained at essentially the November levels.

Hours
The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagriculturat payrolls was 35.7 in
December, unchanged from November. Manufacturing
hours advanced by 0.2 to 40.3 hours but remained 0.3
hour below the first quarter level. Factory overtime edged
up 0.1 to 3.3 hours, after holding at 3.2 hours in the
August-November period. (See table C-7.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours rose 0.5 percent
in December to 126.9 (1967=100), entirely the result
of the rise in employment. The index was up 2.2 percent over the year. (See table C-8.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose 0.9
percent in December and were 7.9 percent above the
December 1978 level (seasonally adjusted). Average weekly
earnings also rose 0.9 percent in December and were up
7.6 percent over the year.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 4 cents in December to $6.38, 47 cents above
December 1978; average weekly earnings were $229.04,
up $3.34 from November and $15.69 over the year. (See
tables C-1 and C-9.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for
overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effects
of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage
and low-wage industries—was 239.1 (1967=100) in
December, 0.8 percent higher than in November. The
Index was 8.2 percent above December a year ago. In
dollars of constant purchasing power, the Index decreased




4.1 percent during the 12-month period ended in November. (See table C-9.)

Over-the-year developments
The Nation's job situation in 1979 was characterized
by a slowdown in the rate of employment and labor force
expansion compared with recent years. Growth in these
two labor market measures, while still high by historical
standards at over 2 million persons each, was nevertheless
well below the pace of the previous 3 years. The unemployment rate showed little movement between late 1978
and late 1979.
There were no dramatic over-the-year changes in the
overall unemployment picture. However, the unemployment rate for adult men, which is typically more sensitive
to cyclical movements, registered a small rise. The unemployment rate in manufacturing was up almost a point.
In addition, the number of unemployed persons on layoff
at year-end was nearly a quarter of a million above the
level of a year earlier, and the number of persons working
part time for economic reasons increased by about
400,000.
While adult women have comprised a large proportion
of the labor force growth in the past few years, this pattern
was even more dramatic in 1979, when they accounted
for two-thirds of the expansion in both labor force and
employment.
Nonfarm payroll employment also increased by more
than 2 million in 1979. The service-producing sector
accounted for more than three-quarters of the overall
gain.
Manufacturing
employment
showed
little
over-the-year growth, while, employment increases were
strong in construction and mining as well as in several of
the service-producing industries.

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted
Labor Force Series
•Robert J.Mclntire

At the end of each calendar year, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics revises the seasonal adjustment
factors for employment, unemployment, and
other labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (OPS). The inclusion of more recent data provides improved estimates of
seasonality for the period revised. This year's revisions reflect data through December 1979 and
also introduce two notable improvements in the
seasonal adjustment methodology—the use of
ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving
Average) models and a 6-month updating cycle for
seasonal factors.
Revised data for many of the major seasonally
adjusted labor force series were published in the
news release on ih& December 1979 employment
situation, issued on January 11 (USDL 80-2). Data
for the 13 most recent months and quarters for
many more of the revised series appear in this
issue of Employment and EarningsAn addition,
this issue provides the new seasonal factors for
the first 6 months of 1980 for the 12 component
series used in the computation of the seasonally
adjusted overall unemployment rate. The factors
for the last 6 months of 1980 will be estimated in
early July based on data through June 1980, and
will be published in the July issue of this publication. Next month's issue will contain the
historical revisions covering the period 1975-79
for a few hundred of the most demanded labor
force series. These revised data replace the revisions published in the February 1979 issue for the
years 1975-1978 and replace the seasonally adjusted estimates for 1979 published during the
past year. Seasonally adjusted data for 1974 and
previous years were not subject to further
revision.
The combined effects of Including the 1979
data and introducing the new methodology led to
only minor revisions in most labor force series,
particularly in the seasonally adjusted overall
unemployment rate during 1979. As can be
observed In table 1, the revised rate differs from
the originally published rate by 0.1 percentage




point In 3 months of 1979 and is identical in the
other 9 months. Of course, the levels of employment and unemployment which underlie the rates
differ in each of the 12 months, but the differences are sufficiently small so that the effect
on the unemployment rate, rounded to one
decimal place, is minimal.
Table 1 . Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates, 1979
Month

January .
February .
March . . .
April
May . . . .
June
July
August . .
September
October .
November
December

As published
during 1979
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.7
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.8

As revised

5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.9

This value reflects use of the factors originally generated for
December in last year's revision cycle. That is, it shows what the
value would have been if those factors had actually been used. The
published data for December incorporated this year's revision.

The smoothing typically effected by successful
seasonal adjustment Is noticeable in the 1979
revisions of the unemployment rate. The 3 months
in which revised data differed from data originally
published—June, August, and October—were
those In which the rate had been furthest away
from the average for 1979 (5.3 percent). The revisions moved these months toward that average. It
had seemed throughout the year that the labor
force situation was stable in spite of the occasional slight ups and downs in the overall
unemployment rate. The revised seasonally adjusted data help to confirm that analysis.
* Robert J. Mclntire is an economist in the Office of
Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
9

Table 2. Current seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major labor force components, January-June 1980
Procedure and series

January

February

March

April

May

June

Multiplicative Adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years

0.905
0.754
0.632
0.615

0.909
0.748
0.635
0.506

0.926
0.809
0.737
0.636

0.972
0.932
0.895
0.676

1.016
1.031
1.038 \
0.867

1.088
1.274
1.490
1.631

Nonagricultural employment:
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over

0.989
1.000

0.987
1.004

0.990
1.010

0.996
1.006

1.000
0.999

1.009
0.984

Unemployment:
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over

1.207
1.050

1.233
1.057

1.165
0.991

0.997
0.917

0.905
0.903

0.921
1.002

-356
-266

•442
-252

-358
-226

-247
-203

-122
-177

554
288

8
-39

54
•80

12
-70

-91
-108

-156
-72

261
312

Additive Adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years
Unemployment:
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years

Adjustment methods and procedures

For the past several years, the Census Bureau's
X-11 method1 has been used for seasonal adjustment of the labor force series. The new method
used for the current revisions is an extension of
the X-11 method called X-11 ARIMA.2 Its use for
seasonal adjustment of labor force data at BLS is
consistent with the recommendations in the recent final report of the National Commission on
Employment and Unemployment Statistics.3
The BLS has run extensive tests with the X-11
ARIMA method in preparation for this year's revisions. These tests have indicated that X-11
ARIMA performs current adjustment with
significantly less erroL than the X-11 alone. The
principal meaning of "significantly Jess error"
in this context is that the initial seasonally adjusted estimates are closer to later intermediate
and final revised estimates with X-11 ARIMA than
with X-11 alone. Because ARIMA models are used
to extend the data series and because of the
nature of the moving averages used in the X-11
part of the process, the most significant differences between the results of the two methods
tend to occur in the last 6 months of the actual
10




data series and in the seasonal factors projected
for the subsequent months. This tendency Is particularly marked (and valuable) when a turning
point In a series occurs during the l a s t 6 months^
Differences in historical revisions tend to become
relatively smaller as one moves back in time
through the period revised. The differences! between the methods may also be small during] recent months if the series during that period follow

1
The X-11 method is described In X-71 Variant of the
Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, by
Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and John Musgrave
(Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census, 1967).
2
The X-11 ARIMA program was developed by the
Seasonal Adjustment and Time Series Staff of
Statistics Canada, under the direction of Estela Bee
Dagum. Ms. Dagum and her staff have been very helpful
to BLS In the conversion to X-11 ARIMA. The method is
described in The X-11 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment
Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics Canada
Catalogue No. 12-564E, September 1979).
3
National Commission on Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Counting the Labor Force
(Washington, D.C., 1979).

a fairly stable pattern, as was the case for the major labor force components in 1979. For example
the officially revised overall unemployment rates
for the months of 1979 are identical to what the
revised results would have been even under the
old method of seasonal adjustment using X-11
alone, since the differences between the results
for the underlying levels of employment and
unemployment are fairly small.
The X-11 ARIMA method provides improved current estimates by allowing recent observations,
especially the last 6 months, to weigh more heavily in the estimates of current and recent seasonal
factors than was the case with the X-11 alone. The
method provides this improvement through the
use of ARIMA models to extend the data series by
12 months at each end. The availability of ARIMAprojected values for 1980 for the seasonal adjustment estimation process at the end of 1979 is the
key to improved current estimates.
ARIMA projections are based only on the past
experience observed in a series itself. ARIMA
models have proven to have good properties for
projecting or extrapolating a large class of time
series, particularly in a seasonal adjustment context, since the.extrapolations tend to track intrayear movements quite well. The ARIMA models in
the X-11 ARIMA program used to seasonally adjust the labor force series are of the Box and
Jenkins type.4 They can generally be described
with the notation
(p,d,q)(P,D,Q) TRANSFORMATION
where:
(1) p is the number of regular (non-seasonal)
auto-regressive parameters
(2) d is the number of regular differences
(3) q is the number of regular moving average
parameters
(4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive parameters
(5) D is the number of seasonal differences
(6) Q is the number of seasonal moving
average parameters
(7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE, LOG,
or POWER(n).
While the lettered elements within the paren?
theses of the model specifications can
theoretically take on many values, in practice only
the values 0 , 1 , or 2 tend to be useful, which still
leaves quite a few possible combinations.
For each labor force series which has been extended based on an ARIMA model, the model has




been specifically chosen from the possible combinations as well suited to the particular series,
based on a set of established criteria. A model
which meets those criteria essentially: (1) fits the
series well; (2) has low average forecasting errors
in the last 3 years prior to the projected year; and
(3) produces residuals (the differences between
the observed values and the values forecast by
the model) which follow a basically random pattern. ARIMA models have been identified for 154
of the 222 labor force series which were directly
seasonally adjusted at the end of 1979, including
all 12 major labor force components, the models
for which are identified in table 3. The remaining
68 series for which models have not yet been identified were simply adjusted with the X-11 part of
the program only, the same way they have been
adjusted in the past. The BLS will pursue an ongoing program of testing and evaluation of ARIMA
models for all 222 series, plus any series
that may be subsequently selected for seasonal
adjustment.
Table 3. ARIMA models for the 12 major labor force
components, 1980
Series

Model

Transformation

Agricultural employment:
Males, 20 years and over . . .
Females, 20 years and over..
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years

(0,1,1) (0,1,1)
(0,1,2) (0,1,1)
(0,1,2) (0,1,1)
(2,0,1X0,1,1)

NONE
LOG
NONE
NONE

Nonagricultural employment:
Males, 20 years and over . . .
Females, 20 years and over. .
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years

(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

LOG
LOG
NONE
NONE

Unemploy ment:
Males, 20 years and over . . .
Females, 20 years and over..
Males, 16-19 years
Females, 16-19 years

(0,2,2)
(0,2,2)
(0,1,1)
(2,0,2)

(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)
(0,1,1)

LOG
LOG
NONE
LOG

The procedures used for adjusting the labor
force series within the X-11 part of the process are
the same as those followed for the last 2 years.
The X-11 method assumes that the original series
is either the product or the sum of three
4

This presentation provides readers with some insigtit into the models identified for the major components shown in table 3. For more detailed discussion
of ARIMA models, refer to the previously cited Dagum
(1979) and to: Box and Jenkins, Time Series Analysis
Forecasting and Controi (San Francisco, Holden Day
1970); Granger and Newbold, Forecasting Economic
Time Series (New York, Academic Press, 1977).

11

components—trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular.
The method uses a ratio-to-moving-average approach to estimate the components. The
seasonally adjusted series are computed by
dividing each month's original value by the corresponding seasonal factor if the multiplicative
model was specified or by subtracting that factor
from the original value if the additive model was
specified.
Of the 12 major labor force components, the 4
teenage unemployment and nonagricultural
employment components were adjusted using the
additive adjustment model, and the others were
adjusted with the multiplicative model. Of all 222
adjusted series, 39 series, primarily involving
teenage employment and unemployment, were
adjusted with the additive model. As with the
ARIMA models, the selection of these seasonal
adjustment models is subject to an ongoing program of testing and evaluation.
To correct for the effects of the sudden large
rise in adult male unemployment which occurred
around the end of 1974, a "prior adjustment" to
the major component series for unemployed men
20 years and over was introduced 2 years ago and
is retained in the current procedures. It was
discussed in some detail in the February 1978
issue of Employment and Earnings. This adjustment is carried out after ARIMA extrapolation but
before actual seasonal adjustment by multiplying
all values of the extended series prior to
November 1974 by a constant of 1.5. While this adjustment has a negligible effect on current factors
and recent revisions, it still has significant impact
on the earliest years being revised, particularly
1975 and 1976.
For most of the 222 directly adjusted labor
force series, the new seasonally adjusted
estimates are based on data for the period
January 1967 through December 1979. Some of
the adjusted series, however, are not available as
far back in time. In those cases, the span of
available data was used.

Aggregation procedures

The BLS maintains and publishes several hundred seasonally adjusted labor force time series
in addition to the 222 directly adjusted series
discussed above. These additional series are produced by arithmetically combining or aggregating
the directly adjusted series. For example, the
seasonally adjusted levels of total unemployment, employment, and civilian labor force, and
the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate, are
all produced by aggregation of the seasonally ad12




justed results for the 12 major labor force component series. The seasonally adjusted level of total
unemployment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of unemployment for the 4 sex-age
groups—men and women 16-19, and men and
women 20 years and over. Seasonally adjusted
employment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of employment for 8 sex-ageindustry groups—men and women 16-19, and men
and women 20 years and over, employed in
nonagricultural and agricultural industries. The
seasonally adjusted civilian labor force is the sum
of all 12 components. Finally, the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate is calculated by
taking the total seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of the total seasonally adjusted civilian labor force.

Alternative seasonal adjustment procedures

Research continues at BLS and elsewhere on
further ways to improve the procedures for
seasonally adjusting important economic time
series. One of the potential ways which has been
seriously considered is concurrent adjustment,
which involves adjusting the data series each
month as the latest observations become
available. It has the advantage of incorporating all
of the known actual behavior of the series into the
computation of each month's factors, as opposed
to using extrapolated or projected factors as in
the new and old official procedures. However, the
concurrent approach also has some disadvantages, the principal one being that seasonal factors cannot be published in advance. Since the
BLS perceives that prior publication of factors
enhances public confidence in the data and is important to users of the labor force data, this disadvantage is presently viewed as outweighing the
potential technical advantages of concurrent adjustment and makes this approach less desirable
as an official procedure than the new 6-month fac-'
tor updating cycle being initiated this year. This
6-month cycle will produce better factors for the
last 6 months of the year than the old 12-month cycle would have, since the computation of those
factors reflects more of the actual behavior of the
series and it also still allows prior publication of
factors.
The BLS does compute several unofficial
seasonally adjusted unemployment rate series
based on alternate approaches, including concurrent adjustment with X-11 ARIMA. These alternative rates are issued in a table which is released
monthly with the testimony of the BLS Commissioner to the Joint Economic Committee.

Availability of revised series

Data for any of the several hundred seasonally
adjusted labor force series may be obtained from
the BLS upon request. Inquiries should be addressed to the Division of Employment and
Unemployment Analysis, Office of Current
Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, D.C. 20212.
These series and many more are maintained in
the BLS data bank known as LABSTAT, from




which series may be extracted in machine
readable form. Labor force series in LABSTAT are
updated monthly, and the seasonally adjusted
revisions are incorporated annually at the time of
their release. Inquiries concerning machinereadable files of labor force data or the seasonal
adjustment methodology discussed in this article
should be addressed to the Data Services Group,
Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212.

13

CHARTS
Page
1. Labor force and employment 1960-79

14

2. Major unemployment indicators, 1960-79

15

3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1960-79

15

4. Total employment by sex and age, 1960-79

16

5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1960-79

17

6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1960-79

17

7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1960-79

18

8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

19

9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1960-79

20

10. Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1960-79

21

11. Unemployment rates by race,1960-79

21

12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1960-79.

22

13. Duration of unemployment, 1960-79

23

14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

24

15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

24

16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1960-79

25

17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1960-79

25

Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)

i itvtnn

THOUSANDS
11nnnn

105000

105000

THOUSANDS

J

100000

100000

'/

95000

/

95000

/
90000
To allab >r for<
85000

/
/

80000

y y

75000

70000

65000

r'

-J Civilian 1ibor force ^

hT

P

y"

/
c

90000

'/

S
^Norlagricijltural emplc ymen t

75000

y

s*
S y

70000

65000

Total em >toyment

60000
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 19?5 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-33.




80000

>

60000

14

85000

Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators
(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT

PERCENT
1n n

9.0

9.0

8.0

8.0

7.0
c n

c n
t).U

4.0

i

A

Unernploy ment rate, I
full t me worker s I A
/

f

Jnem iloym ent ra
all civilian work*

V

I

VI
vwvy
\

I

<

3.0

Unemployment rate,,
both sexes,
25 years and o\ er

2.0

1.0

0.0 '

"4

AMI

VV

A

V
V

1
1

\r V
* V**
N!

r\J I I /I

5.0

A

4.0

\y

3.0

M\

A

2.0

Uner nployrnent i ate.
job 1Dsers

1.0

JLU.
19601961

1962 1963 1964

1965 1966 1967 igsa

1969 1970 1971 19 7 2

6.0

' %

V

j

7.0

1973 1974

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

0.0

SOURCE: Tables A 36, A-38, and A-39.

Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
PERCENT

(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT
90.0

90.0

~ZT

, 20 years and over

80.0

80.0

70.0

70.0

Total all wo

60.0

60.0

50.0

50.0

40.0

40.0
Females, 20 years and over

3 0 . 0 • M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I M I I I M I I M I II I I M I I I M I M I I M I ll I M M I I I M I I M I II I I I I I I I II • 3 0 . 0




19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1S75 1976 1977 1978 1979

SOURCE: Table A 33.

15

Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS

THOUSANDS
cnnnn

57500

55000

55000

52500

52500

>

Mai as. 20 year s and over

50000

50000

45000

42500

42500

40000

40000

37500

37500

35000

35000

32500

32500
Females, 20 years and over

y

•jnnnn

*^nnnn

it

27500

27500
*-'

ocrnnn

-pqnnn

y
,,w

20000

• W

20000

V

15000

15000

12500

12500

10000

Bot n sex 8,16 -19 y Bars

10000

7500

7500
****** ^ ^

5000

5000

ocnn

2500
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 19" ^

SOURCE: Table A-33.

16




Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age
(Seasonally

PERCENT
85.0

80.0

adjusted)

PERCENT
85.0

80.0

Males, 20 years and over

75.0

75.0

70.0

70.0

65.0

65.0

60.0

60.0
Total, all worke

55.0

55.0

50.0

45.0
Both sexes 16-19 ye
40.0

35.0

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I3Q.0

30.0

19601961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

SOURCE: Table A-33.

s
Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing Industrie,

(

(Seasonally

adjusted)

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
100000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
100000

90000

90000

ftnnnn
Tota nona gricul ural payroll emplc>ymen

1

—

'

70000

70000

*****
^**

60000

* ^
60000

.

.
50000

50000

S arvice produ cing i ndust ries

40000

40000

.....

!.«• "*"*"*
- - "

30000

30000
Qoodi •prodijcing ndusi ries
\
• ^

20000




•*^~>

«.——

20000

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table B-4

17

Chart 7. Nonagricuttural payroll employment by industry
(SeasonaMy adjusted)

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000

13000

9000

9000

State and local government

±J-Ul 5000
5000 I I M I n I I M
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19^0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5500

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5500

5000

5000
i ransportatk m anc publl c utili tea

•—'
"

• A
4500

-^— - >

r

4000
3500

3000

Constructk

y

r

V*

r

4500
4000

3500

3000

Finance, inaui«nce, and re•alestate

VN

A

2500

f
w***

2500

:

i edeni1 gov<irnme nt

'

2000

2000
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
RATIO S C A L E TriOUSANDS

RATIO S C A L E -

THOUS/-NDS

1100

1100

1000

1000

900

900

/V

800

Mining

700

600

600

500 • ' ' »' l l l I l M

I i I n i I i n I I I i I M 11 I i i I I I I • 500

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19*2 1973 19*4 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
NOTE: Data for two most recant months are praHminarv.

18




800

SOURCE: Table B-4.

Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries

(Seasonally

THOUSANDS

Full-time

adjusted)

schedules

THOUSANDS
73000

73000

y
;
J

70500

68000

V
70500

68000

/

65500

63000

63000

1

60500

58000
/ •
55500

55500

/
n 1

53000

50500

4.pnno
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Part-time schedules

THOUSANDS

THOUSANDS

12500

12500

Wo rkers on vo untan rpart-time J chedi
10000

A/

7500

5000

2500




10000

fV

7500

/v r

nT

At

f

J "IT f

ft

5000

J

\

—f-

2500

Wo rkers on parttime fore :onorr lie ref sons
,.,
0

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

0

SOURCE: TabteA-42.

19

Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations

{Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
20000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
20000

White-collar workers
16000

16000
Clerical workers.

12000

12000
Professional and technical workers

-t+tn

8000

8000

Managers and administrators
except farm

4000

4000
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Blue-collar workers

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
15000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
15000

12000

12000
Craft and kindred workers
9000

Operatives, except transport

9000

6000

6000

Nonfarm laborers

V-v

Transport equipment operatives 3000

3000
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
14000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
14000

Service workers

13000

r

12000

13000

12000

11000

11000

10000

10000
•ww
V*

9000

9000

/Vv J

8000

8000

7000

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the reclawification of occupations
introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in
December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes.

20




SOURCE: Table A-42.

7000

Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5

22.5

20.0

20.0

17.5

17.5

15.0

15.0

12.5

12.5

10.0

10.0

PERCENT

A

7.5
Females, 20 years and over

7.5

V/W

A

5.0

5.0

2.5

2.5

Males, 20 years and over"

0.0 *-» i I i i i I i
0.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-36.

Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0

PERCENT
20.0

15.0

15.0
10.0

* 1

V

/ B ,ac. i

10.0

and other

5.0

5.0
hite
0.0

0.0
19601961 1962 19o3 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Ratio of black to white unemployment rate
RATIO
3.00

RATIO
3.00




2.50

2.50

2.00

2.00

1.50

.50

19601961 1962 1962 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-35.

21

Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
10.0

PERCENT

10.0

White-collar workers
7.5

7.5

5.0

5.0

2.5

Professional and
technical workers -.

2.5

0.0

0.0
I9601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
PERCENT
20.0

r

I I I IT
Blue-collar workers

17.5

PERCENT
20.0

17.5

15.0

15.0

12.5

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

0.0
I9601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

PERCENT
10.0

7.5

2.5

PERCENT
10.0

J

A

A,\,4

\

7.5

s,
v

V

V

r/n ivor/ re/s

Servic

*Ai

Ser

y

v^

orker
r

J
II

y

V

4

1

V

2.5

' V

F irm w orker s

CO

0.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Tabte A-36.

22




5.0

Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)

RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS

Number of workers unemployed

2 0 0 I I I M M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ll

200

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 197C 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Percent of civilian labor force

0.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 197S 1976 1977 1978 1979

WEEKS
20.0




Average duration of unemployment

WEEKS

17.5

17.5

15.0

15.0

12.5

12.5

10.0

10.0

7.5

7.5

5p0

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I l l I II 5 . 0
1 9 6 0 1 9 6 1 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 19^4 19?5 1 9 7 6 1977 1978 1979

S O U R C E : Table A - 3 7 .

23

Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)

HOURS
43.0

HOURS
43.0

1
Vlanufacturi

J WK

J

40.0
/

—

T< tal pr

"\r~,4 0 . 0

p

vate establishments'

w
37.0

^^

—\V

37.0

34.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 19'0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 19" 6 1977 1978 1979

34.0

Overtime hours in manufacturing

HOURS

HOURS
5.0

5.0

Y\

\

2.5

2.5

o.o Li
19601961

1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

1979

'Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table C-7.

Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
300.00

DOLLARS
300.00

j

275.00

275.00

< <

250.00

t

/

250.00

/

225.00

225,00

/

/

/

200.00
/

175.00

/

200.00

/

175.00

y

Ma lufart jring

150.00

150.00

125.00

125.00
^

100.00

-

Tot 1 privite es tablisr ment

^

100.00

•*—

7

75.00
1 1

1

1 1

1

1 1

1

1 1

1

1 1

I

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

.

• •I

i i i

i

i .

i

i i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i i

19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1

Annual averages prior to 1964.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

24




SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C 9.

5.00

Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
250.00

DOLLARS
250.00

225.00

225.00

200.00

200.00

ross arnings in current dollars v

7

175.00

175.00

150.00

150.00
,' Spendable earnings
- ' in current dollars

125.00

125.00
Gross earnings n 1967 dolla

100.Op

100.00
Spendable earnings in 1967 dollars 1

75.00

75.00
7
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19 0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Married worker with three dependents.
SOURCE: Table C-9.
NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.
1

Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
(Seasonally adjusted)
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7.5

PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7.5

5.0

5.0

x*

2.5

0.0

2.5

0.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

PER 100
EMPLOYEES




PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

3.0

Qu

H

,-'V
V •
A/V>S

\
\

J
>

1.0

^

1.ayoff S

A

i

v'"\

w v

2.0

r/VAv
/ ^

' w-

0.0

1.0

0.0
19601961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19?2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table D 3.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date
[Number* in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Tom

Total labor foroi

noninitiY M T and month
off
population

Total

Agriculture

TOTAL
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951..

103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721

60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117

58-9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4

59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017

57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961

7,890
7,629
7,653
7,160
6,726

49, 148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235

2, 31 1
2,276
3,637
3, 2 8€
2,055

3.9
3.8
5,9
5.3
3.3

42,477
42,447
42,708
42,737
42,604

1952.
1953*
1954
1955
1956

108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811

65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409

60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283

53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57, 514

1,383
1,834
3,532
2,85i
2, 750

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402

1957
1958
1959
1960 1
1961

115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343

69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031

60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2

6o,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459

64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746

5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200

58, 123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546

2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4, 714

4.3
6.6
5.5
5.5
6.7

45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312

1962 '
1963
1964
1965
1966

122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180

73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893

59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60. 1

70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770

66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895

4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979

61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915

3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875

5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8

49,539
50,583
5 1,394
52,058
52,288

1967
1968..
1969
1970
1971

133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596

80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929

60.6
60.7

7 4,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120

3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387

70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732

2,975
2,8117

61

77, 347
73,737
GO,734
82,715
8 4 , 1 13

2,332
4,088
4, 993

3.8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9

52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666

1972 *
1973 *
1974
1975.
1976

145,775
143,263
150,827
153,449
156,048

88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917

61.0
61.4
61. 8
61.3
62.1

36,542
88,714
9 1,0 11
92,b13
94,773

31,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485

3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297

78,230
80,957
82, 443
81,403
84,188

4, 84C
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,2 88

5.6
4.9
5.6
e.b
7.7

56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130

1977..
19781
1979

158,559
161,058
163,620

99,534
102,537
104,996

63. 7
64.2

97,401
100,420
102,9 08

90,546
94,373
96,945

3,244
3,34 2
3,297

87,302
91,031
93,648

6, 855
6,047
5,963

7.0
6.0
5.8

59,025
58,521
58,623

61. 1
61.3

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2

1978:
December..

162,250

103,923

64.1

101,815

95,831

3,375

92,456

5, 96 4

5.9

58,327

162,448
162,633
162,909
163,008
163,260
163,469
163,685
163,891
164,106
164,468
164,682
164,898

104,155
104,473
104,595
104,280
104,476
104,552
105,175
105,218
105,586
105,688
105,744
106,088

64. 1
64.2
64.2
64.0
64.0
64. v)
64.3
64.2
64.3
64.3
64.2
64.3

102,061
102,379
102,505
102,198
102,398
102,476
103,093
103, 123
103, 494
103,595
103,652
103,999

96, 157
96,496
96,623
96,254
96,495
96,652
97,184
97,004
97,504
97,474
97,608
97,912

3,260
3,307
3,320
3,215
3,246
3,243
3,267
3,315
3,364
3,294
3,385
3,359

92,8S7
93,189
93,303
93,039
93,249
93,409
93,S17
93,689
34,140
94, ibO
94,223
54,553

5, 904
5,883
5,882
5,944
5,903
5,3 24
5,90S
6, 124
5,990
6, 121
6,044
6, 067

5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8

53,292
58,160
53,314
58,728
58,734
53,917
58,511
58,673
58,519
53,780
58,937
58,810

1979:
January...
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August....
September.
October...
November..
December..

1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. Sea article on page 9.

26




5.7
5-7
5.9
5.8
5.S
5.6
5.9

3
Because seasonality, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Total
noninstitutional
population

Employed

Number

Percent
of
population

Total
Agriculture

Total

Unemployed
Nooagn
cultural
industries

Number

ill

Ytar, month, and wx

Percent
of
labor
force

Annual averages
MALES
1967

1968
1969
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978*
1979

64,316
6 5,34 5
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,02 0
72,253
73,494
74,73 9
75,98 1
77, 169
7 8,397

52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,70b
56,397
59,46 7
60,535
61,466

81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78.5
78.1
76.3
78.4
7d.4

48,987
49,533
50,221
5 1 , 195
52,021
53,26 5
54,203
55, 186
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
59,5 17

47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,9 63
52,518
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
56,499

3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716
2,639
2,681
2,645

44,315
44,957
45,655
46,099
46,455
47,791
49, 130
49,618
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810
53,854

1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2,77 6
2,635
2,24 0
2,668
4,385
3,968
3,588
3 r 051
3,016

3.1
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1

11,919
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
16,931

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3

1978:
December..

77,746

61,101

78.6

59,122

56,087

2,686

53,401

3,035

5.1

16,645

77,339
77,926
73,058
78,105
73,225
78,323
73,427
73,525
78,62 7
78,805
78,906
73,009

61,236
61,397
61,376
61,240
61,257
61,311
61,540
61,437
6 1,75 9
61,6 75
61,652
61,762

78.7
78.8
78.6
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.5
78.2
76.5
78.3
78.1
7b. 2

59,323
59,434
59,421
59,293
59,3 13
59,370
59,5 97
59,491
59,8 12
59,727
59,7 04
59,b23

56,326
56,476
56,44 9
56,294
56,372
56,477
56,570
56,408
56,714
56,629
56,580
56,734

2,609
2,655
2,656
2,593
2,608
2,600
2,614
2,650
2,677
2,666
2,716
2,714

53,717
53,821
53,79 3
53,701
53,764
53,877
53, 956
53,758
54,037
53,963
53,664
54,020

2,997
2,958
2,972
2,999
2,94 1
2,893
3, 027
3, 083
3,098
3,098
3,124
3, 089

5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2

16,553
H,529
16,682
16,865
16,968
17,012
16,887
17,033
16,867
17,130
17,255
17,247

680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
5 79
582
605
661
652

26,212
27, 147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
3 1, 627
32,825
32,973
34,513
35,08 0
38,221
39, 794

1,468
1,397
1, 429
1,853
2, 217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,32 0
3,267
2,996
2,945

5.2
4.8
4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
6.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

40,608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,863
42,789
42,510
41,887
41,692

1979:
January...
February..
March
April
May
...
July
August....
September.
October...
November..
December..

Annual averages

FEMALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1H76
1077...
19781
1979

69,003
70,217
71,476
72,774
7 4,03 4
7 5 , 3 11
77 r 2U2
78,5 75
79,954
81,3 09
3 2,57 7
33,390
35,223

28,3^5
29, 2'42
30,551
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,56 1
35,8 9 2
37,087
38,52 0
40,0 67
42,002
4 3,531

41.2
41.6
42.7
43. 4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
40.4
47.4
48. 5
50.1
51. 1

28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33, 277
34,510
35,325
36,993
38,«>14
39,952
-41,878
43,39 1

26,693
27,607
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
3 3,5 53
35,095
36,685
38,882
40,446

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1978:
December..

84,504

42,62 2

50.7

4 2,6 93

35,744

689

35,055

2,949

6.9

41,682

3^,606
84,707
84,851
8u,903
85,0 35
85, 145
35,2 59
8 5,3 66
65,479
85,663
85,775
85,88 9

42,870
43,077
43,220
43,04 0
43,22 0
43,241
43,63 5
43,782
43,d27
44,013
44,09 3
4 4,326

50.7
50. M
50.9
50.7
50.8
50. 6
51.2
51.3
51.3
51.4
51.4
51.6

4 2 , 7 38
42,945
4 3,0'd4
4 2,905
43,085
4 3,10b
43,4.96
43,637
4 3,6 82
43,8b8
43,948
4 4 , 176

39,831
4 0,02 0
40,174
39,9 60
40, 123
40,175
40,61*4
40,59 6
4C, 79 0
40,845
41,028
4 1, 178

651
652
664
622
638
64 3
65 3
665
6 87
626
669
64 5

39,1bO
39,368
39,5 10
39,333
39, tJ85
39,5 32
3 9, S61
39,S31
40,103
40,217
40,359
40,533

2,907
2,925
2,910
2, 945
2, 962
2,931
2, 882
3, 041
2,692

6.8
6.8
C.8
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.6
7.0
6.6

3,022
2,92C
2 , 998

6.6
6.8

41,739
41,631
41,632
41,863
41,815
41,905
41,624
41,585
41,652
41,651
41,683
41,563

1979:
January.-.
February..
March
April
May
July
August....
September.
October...
November..
December..

Sea footnote 1. table A-1.

2

e.9

See footnote 2, table A-1,

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race

(Numbers in thousands]

December 1979
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Sex, age, and race

Unemployed
Percent
of
-population

Going

Keeping
house

Employed
of
labor

MALES

61,351
8,476
5,030
2,015
3,016

77.7
66.7
59.8
48.6
70.6

59,412
7,827
4,745
1,996
2,749

56,325
6,722
3,990
1,625
2,365

3,087
1, 105
755
371
384

5.2
14.1
15.9
18.6
14.0

17,658
4,228
3,384
2, 131
1,253

429

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years . .
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

54,426
8,863
38,453
8,675
7,977
6,425
5,34b
5,009
5,021

69.4
85.9
94.5
94.7
96.5
96.1
9b.6
92.9
89.6

52,772
8, 132
37,531
3,315
7,727 |
6,2 36
5,261
4,979
5,014

50,495
7,352

36,215
7,912
7,440
6,0 12
5,120
4,864
4,866

2,277
780
1,316
4 03
287
223
141
115
147

4.3
9.6
3.5
4.3
3.7
3.6
2.7
2.3
2.9

6,431
1,451
2,246
482
292
261
246
380
585

187
25
93
6
16
15

55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

7,111
4,396
2,715

72.2
81.9
60.7

7,110
4,395
2,715

6,928
4,293
2,635

182
102
80

2,6
2.3
3.0

65 years and over . .
65 to 69 years . .
70 years and over

1,694
1, 108
766

19.4
29. 1
13.3

1,894
1,108
766

1,840
1 ,074

766

54
34
20

54,523
7,495
4,502
1,843
2,659

78.4
69.5
63.3
52.9
73.3

53,014
7,008
4,269
1,823
2,461

50,584
6,137
3,678
1,515
2,163

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .

48,317
7,b81
34,126
14,692
10,478

90. 1

45,245
6,529

8,955

86.7
95. 1
96.2
96.5
91 .9

47,021
7,132
3 3,38 1
14,209
10,24y

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . .
60 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over

6,510
4,0 14
2,495
1,704

16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years . . . .
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years . .
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

.

4,529
3,780
3, 109
2,032
1,076

1,747
36
21
9
12

10,954
391
245
87
159

9
20
27

1,416
1,059
351
216
65
32
13
17
S

1,233
50
656
55
59
79
91
146
227

3,595
317
1,146
205
152
135
134
198
322

2,734
974
1,760

69
27
42

6
4
2

527
268
259

2,133
675
1,458

2.8
3.0
2.6

7,843
2,701
5,141

233
81
152

4
3
1

493
195
298

7,113
2, 422
4,691

2,430
871
611
314
297

4.6
12.4
14.3
17.2
12.1

14,995
3,282
2,612
1,642

970

333
6
3
2
1

3,578
2,952
2,392
1,561
331

1,414
32
20
9
11

9,670
292
197
71
126

3.8
8.4
3.0
3.7
2.8
2.3

5,325
1 , 174
1, 764
586
385
79 2

129
13
69
21
22
26

1,184
891
288
230
38
2C

989
35
508
79
114
314

3,022
235
900
256
211
433

21

9
3
6

White
16 years and over . . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

8,923

8,718

1,777
603
1,016
520
290
205

73.2
82.9
61.5
19.4

6,509
4,013
2,495
1 ,704

6,350
3,927
2,423
1,661

159
86
73
42

2.4
2.1
2.9
2.5

2, 387
825
1,56 1
7,058

47
20
27
201

6
4
2

447
221
226
405

1,887
580
1,307
6,451

6,828
982
528
171
357

71.9
50.9
4 0.6

6, 398
819
456
167
289

5, 74 1
5 65
312
1 1J
2 02

656
234
144
57
37

10.3
28.6
31.6
34.2
30.1

2,663
945
772
488
283

95
14
6
1
5

95 1
826
717
472
245

332
3
1
1

1,28 3
99
49
16
32

6 , 1 10
1, 132
4,326
1,9 60
1,293
1,074

84.7
81.0
90,
91.
86.1

5,75 1
1,000
4, 150
1,833
1,246
1,070

5,251
823
3,849
1,663
1,173
1,013

501
177
300
170
74
57

8.7
17.7
7.2
9.3
5.9
5.3

1 , 107
277
482
183
122
173

57
12
24
1
2
21

233
168
64
51
7
6

244
15
150
35
55
59

573
81
245
101
58
87

601
382
220
190

63.4
72.0
52.5
19.5

601
382
220
190

576
366
212
178

23
16

3.9
4. 1
3.5
6.1

347
149
199
784

22
7
14
32

79
46
33
88

246
95
152

366
13,689

J2,

9,959

Black and other

55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over .

28




26.0

55.7

662

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979
Civilian labor fore*

Total labor foroa

Not in labor foroa

Sex. age, and race
Going

FEMALES

16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

44,622
7,198
4,441
1,825
2,6 16

52.0
57.9
54.0
45.5
62.1

44,472
7,139
4,414
1,823
2,592

41,722
6,213
3,769
1,537
2,232

2,749
925
646
286
360

6.2
13.0
14.6
15.7
13.9

41,267
5,241
3,782
2 , 186
1,596

31,768
1,2 79
560
150
410

4,352
3,626
2,984
1,952
1,032

1,040
15

4,107
320
230
84
146

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

39,024
7,105
27,251
6,223
5,441
4,683
3,842
3,565
3,497

61.2
69.0
64.2
66.7
64.1
66.6
64.8
62.7
58.1

38,900
7,032
27,201
6,188
5,431
4,680
3,841
3,564
3,497

36,825
6,387
25,905
5,826
5,142
4,4 52
3,697
3,399
3,393

2,075
644

1,292
362
289
229
144
165
104

5.3
9.2
4.7
5.9
5.3
4.9
3.7
4.6
3.0

24,757
3,196
15,226
3, 110
3,042
2,345
2,088
2,118
2,522

21,355
2,054
13,812
2,765
2,604
2,164
1,911
1,928
2,242

1,349
914
414
182
103
6C
39

465
24
224
23
17
15
44
47
79

1,587
203
776
140
119
107
94
124
192

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

4,667
2,904
1,763

42.4
49.2
34.6

4,667
2,904
1,763

4,528
2,827
1,701

139
77
62

3.0
2.6
3.5

6,335
2,998
3,336

5,489
2,683
2,806

21

14
7

216
119
97

608
182
426

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1,157
703
455

8.3
14.8
5.0

1, 157
703
455

1, 129
689
440

29
14
15

2.5
2.0
3.2

12,728
4,053
8,676

9,853
3,38£
6,473

13
6
12

567
97
470

2,290
569
1,721

36,608
6,340
3,943
1,643
2,300

51.7
60.6
57. 1
49.0
64.8

38,495
6,296
3,924
1,641
2,282

36,410
5,608
3,4 35
1,425
2,010

2,085
633
489
217
272

5.4
10.9
12.5
13.2
1 1.9

36,141
4, 124
2,962
1,712
1,249

28,451
1,029
463
126
336

3,438
2,876
2,339
1,521
818

780
7
4

3,472
212
156
65
91

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

33,645
6,135
23,338
9,879
7,300
6,159

60.9
70.5
63.6
64.8
65.2
60.1

33,551
6,080
23,300
S,S45
7,297
6,158

31,981
5,526
22,305
9,373
7,001
5,930

1,572
454
994
472
295
223

4.7
7.5
4.3
4.8
4.0
3.7

21,621
2,56S
13,349
5,366
3,901
4,081

18,903
1,667
12,203
4,913
3,600
3,689

1,084
74 7
323
220
76
27

327
17
164
24
50
90

1,308
138
658
209
175
274

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,172
2,5S1
1,561
1,020

42.2
49. 1
34.4
8.1

4, 172
2,591
1,581
1,020

4,050
2,524
1,525
9 94

123
67
56
25

2.9
2.6
3.5
2.5

5,703
2,690
3,013
11,558

5,033
2,449
2,584
9,085

13
9
4
16

146
85
61
449

511
148
363
2,008

6,014
858
498
182
316

54.0
43.4
37.8
27.7
47.7

5,977
843
491
181
309

5,313
6 05
334
112
221

664
237
157
69
88

11.1
28.2
32.0
38.0
28.4

5,126
1 , 117
821
474
347

3,318
251
98
23
74

913
749
646
431
215

261
8
4
1
3

635
108
73
19
55

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

5,378
970
3,914
1 # 78b
1,226
903

63.2
60.8
67.6
69.4
69.7
61.7

5,343
952
3,902
1,775
1,225
903

4,845
762
3,604
1,595
1,148
862

503
190
297
180
77
41

9.4
20.0
7.6
10.1
6.3
4.5

3,136
626
1,878
786
532
5oO

2,452
387
1,609
655
47 4
48U

266
167
9C
65
23

138
7
61
16
9
35

280
64
117
50
25
42

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

494
313
182
138

43.9
50.4
36.0
10.5

494
313
182
138

479
303
176
134

16
10
6
4

3.2
3.1
3.4
2.6

632
308
323
1,170

456
234
222
763

70
34
36
118

98
35
63
282

16 years and over

19
10

White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor fore* by s#x, age. and race
Civilian labor force

Total labor forot

Participation ratm

Dec1978

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

16 yaars and ovar .
16to19yaars .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

60,67 1
5,048
2,018
3,030

61,351
5,030
2,015
3,016

78.0
59.7
48.0
71.3

20to34years .
26toS4years .
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 yaars
46 to 54 yaars

8,761
37,757
16,161
11,434
10,161

8,863
38,453
16,653
11,771
10,029

96to64years .
56 to 69 years
tttoMyaars
66 yaars and ovar

7,161
4,397
2,76 4
1,94 4

To y^MfS AVKI OVftf •
16 to 19 yaars .
16 to 17 yaars
18 to 19 yaars

Participation rates

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

77.7
59.8
48.6
70.6

53,692
4,757
1,996
2,762

59,412
4,745
1,996
2,749

77.5
58.3
47.7
69.4

77.1
58.4
48.4
68.7

86.0
94.7
S5.8
95.8
91.7

85.9
94.5
95.6
95.9
91.2

8,010
36,821
15,547
11,151
10,122

8, 132
37,531
16,042
11,496
9, 993

84.S
94.5
95.6
95.7
91.7

84.9
94.4
95.4
95.8
91.2

7,111
4,396
2,715
1,894

73.7
82.5
63.0
20.5

72.2
81.9
60.7
19.4

7, 160
4,396
2, 76 4
1,944

7, 110
4,395
2,715
1,894

73.7
82.5
63.0
20.5

72.2
81.9
60.7
19.4

53,936
4,471
1,326
2,645

54,523
4,502
1,843
2,65S

78.7
62.4
51.4
73.0

78.4
63.3
52.9
73.3

52,34 7
4,242
1,808
2,434

53,014
4,289
1,828
2,461

78.2
€1, 1
51.2
71.4

78.0
62.1
52.7
7 1.7

20 to 34 yaars .
25to64yaars .
25 to 34 yaars
36 to 44 yaars
46 to 64 yaars

7,602
33,609
14,308
10,206
9,095

7,68 1
34,126
14,692
10,473
8,955

36.7
95.4
96.5
96.7
92.3

86.7
95.1
96.2
96.5
91.9

7,015
32,937
13,809

7,132
33,361
14,209
10,24S

85.7
S5.3
96.4
96.6
92.3

85.9
95.0
9b. 0
96.4
9 1.8

65 to 64 yaars .
66 to 59 yaars
60 to 64 yaars
65 yaars and ovar

6,509
3,99 6
2,512
1,745

6,510
4,014
2,495
1,704

74. 1
83.2
63.1
20.4

73.2
82.3
61.5
19.4

6,507
3,995
2,512
1,745

6,509
4,013
2,495
1,704

74. 1
83.2
63.1
20.4

73.2
82.9
61.5
19.4

16 yaars and ovar .
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 yaars
18 to 19 years

6,73 5

6,828
528
171
357

73.0
4 4.3
29.2
51.2

71.9

577
192
335

40.6
26.0
55.7

6,345
515
188
327

6,3S8
456
167
289

71.8
42.1
57.2

70.6
37.2
25.5
50.5

20to24years .
26to54years .
36 to 34 years
36 to 44 yaars
4510 54 yaars

1 , 159
4,148
1,853
1,228
1,067

1,132
4,326
1,960
1,293
1,074

81.8
89.2
SO.6
d9.5
86.5

81.0
90.0
91.3
91.4
86.1

994
3,985
1,738
1 , 183
1,063

1,000
4,150
1 , 833
1,248
1,070

73.4
88.6
90.1
89. 1
86.5

78.3
89.6
90.7
9 1. 1
8b. 1

56 to 64 years .
56 to 69 yaars
6Q to 64 yaars
66 yaars and ovar

65 3
401
252
1S3

601
382
220
190

7C.4
76.4
62.5
21.0

63.4
72.0
52.5
19.5

653
401
252
198

601
362
22 0
190

7J.4
76.4
62.5
21.0

o3. a
72.0
52.5
19.5

30




Dec.
1979

Thoussnds of persons

9,968
9,060

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Total tabor forea

Participation ratas

Sax, age. and i

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

43,069
4,446
1,864
2,582

44,622

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

Bee.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

4,441
1,825
2,616

51.0
53.7
45.8
61.5

52.0
54.0
45.5
62.1

42,940
4,426
1,863
2,562

44,472
4,414
1,823
2,592

50.9
53.6
45.7
61.3

51.9
53.9
45.5
61.9

7,019
25,890
11,072
7,886
5,932

7,105
27,251
11,665
8,526
7,062

69.0
62.2
64.2
62.7
58.6

69.0
64.2
65.5
65.8
60.3

6,952
25,849
11,035
7,883
6,931

7,032
27,201
11,619
8,522
7,061

68.6
62.1
64.1
62.7
58.6

68.8
64.1
65.4
65.8
60.3

4,578
2,860
1,718
1,135

4,667
2,904
1,763
1,157

42.2
48.8
34.4
8.4

42.4
49.2
34.6
8.3

4,578
2,860
1,718
1,135

4,667
2,904
1,763
1,157

42.2
48.8
34.4
8.4

42.4
49.2
34.6

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

37,311
3,960
1,691
2,269

38,608
3,943
1,643
2,300

50.6
56.9
49.4
64.0

51.7
57.1
49.0
64.8

37,209
3,943
1,690
2,254

38,495
3,924
1,641
2,282

50.6
56.8
49.4
63. 6

51.6
57.0

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,036
22,202
9,416
6,736
6,051

6,135
23,338
9,879
7,300
6,159

70.0
61.6
63.7
61 .9
58.3

70.5
63.6
64.8
65.2
60.1

5,983
22,170
9,388
6,733
6,050

6,080
23,300
9,845
7,297
6,158

69.9
61.5
63.6
61.9
58.3

70.3
63.6
64.7
65.2
60.1

4,106
2,57 1
1,536
1,006

4,172
2,591
1,531
1,020

42.1
49.0
34.0
8.2

42.2
49.1
34.4
8.1

4,106
2,571
1,536
1,006

4,172
2,591
1,581
1,020

42.1
49.0
34.0

8.2

42.2
49.1
34.4
8.1

5,758

6,014

436
174
312

493
182
316

53.2
37.1
26.5
47.7

54.0
37.8
27.7
47.7

5,731
483
174
309

5,977
491
181
309

53.1
36.9
26.5
47.4

53.8
37.4
27.7
47.1

60.8
67.6
69.4
69.7
61.7

969
3,679
1,648
1, 150
882

952
3,902
1,775
1,225
903

62.8
65.8
67.4
67.6
61.1

60.3
67.5
69.3
69.7
61.7

43.9
50.4
36.0
10.5

472
289
182
129

494
313
182
138

43.C
47.3
37.6
10.2

43.9
50.4
36.0
10.5

Bee.
1978

Dec.
1979

FEMALES

60 to 64 years
65 years and over

,

8.3

White

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

. .

48.9
64.6

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

3,S14
1,786
1,226

882

903

63.2
65.9
67.5
67.6
61. 1

472
2S9
18 2
129

494
313
182
138

43.0
47.3
37.6
10.2

983

55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years
6 0 t o 6 4 years
6 5 years a n d o v e r

3,688
1,656
1, 150

.




. . .

970

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5.

Employment status of black workers by sex and age

[Numbers in thousand]

December 1979
Civilian labor f o r a

Employed

Sex and age

Percent
of

cultural
industries

Agriculture

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 J.o 17 years . . .
18 to 19 years . . .

10,457
803
286
518

9,276
527
175
352

240
11
6
6

9,036
516
169
347

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . ,
45 to 54 years . .

1,656
6,761
3,005
2,094
1,662

1,326
6,232
2,695
1,958
1,579

23
167
53
53
62

1,304
6,065
2,642
1,905
1,518

951
567
364
235

916
565
351
275

26
9
17
13

16 years and over
16to 19years . . . .
16 to 17 years . .
18 to 19 years . .

5,404
387
136
251

4,804
252
66
166

20 to 24 years . . . .
25to54years . . . .
25 to 34 years . .
35 to 44 years . .
45 to 54 years . .

852
3,490
1,520
1,061
909

1f 180
276
111
166

11.3
34.4
38.8
32.0

6,749
1,414
867
547

330
528
310
136
82

19.9
7.8
10.3
6.5
5.0

792
1,958
778
552
628

890
556
334
261

35
22
13
11

3.7
3.8
3.4
3.Q

872
413
460
1,711

203
8
6
3

4,601
244
80
164

599
135
50
86

11.1
34.S
36.8
34.3

685
3,221
1,370
991
360

21
140
43
46
53

665
3,081
1,327
945
809

167
267
150
70
47

19.6
7.7
9.9
6.6
5.2

237
405
151
104
151

b13
320
194
16 1

492
306
186
153

21
8
13
11

471
298
173
140

21
14
7
9

4. 1
4.4
3.6
5.6

317
142
176
668

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . .
18 to 19 years . .

5,05 3
4 16
15G
267

4,472
275
89
136

37
3

4,435
272
89
183

581
141
61
80

11.5
34.0
40.7
30.2

4,443
737
427
311

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years . . . .
25 to 34 years . .
35 to 44 years . .
45 to 54 years . .

804
3,271
1,485
1,03 3
753

641
3,011
1,325
967
719

2
27
10
7
9

639
2,984
1,315
960
709

163
261
160
66
35

20.3
8.C
1C.8
6.4
4.6

555
1,553
627
448
477

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . .
60 to 64 years . .
65 years and over . .

4 38
267
170
124

42 4
259
165
122

5
1
4
2

419
258
161
121

14
8
6
2

3.2
3.1
3.5
1.6

555
271
284
1,043

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . .
60 to 64 years . .
65 years and over . .
Males

55 t o 64 years
55 to 59 years . .
60 to 64 years . .
65 years and over . .

2,306
677
440
236

Females

NOTE: According t o the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.

32




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Males, 20 years and over

Females, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16-19 years

Employment status and race

Dec.
1978

Lee.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

69,288
55,623
80.3
53,935
51,713

70,594
56,320
79.8
54,666
52,3 35
2,292
50,043
2,331
4.3
14,274

76,227
38,622
50.7
38,514
36,457

77,666
40,181
51. 7
4 0,057
37,954
466
37,487
2 , 104
5.3
37,4o5

16,734
S,4S4
56.7
9,183
7,736
262
7,4 75
1,447
15.8
7,235

16,638
9,471
56.9
9, 160

62,4 04
50,021
80. 2
43,725
46,906
2,060
44,846
1,819
3.7
12,383

6b,712
33,351

67,844
34,665
51.1
34,571
32,975
427
32,548
1,597
4.6
33,179

14,135
€,421
5S.6
8, 165
7,061
246
c,615
1, 124

14,019
8,445
60.2
8,213
7 , 113
222

8 , 1S1
6,300
76.9
5,941

S,516
5,271
55.4
5,248
4,7 55
27
4,726

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricuttural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

162,250
103,740

164,898
105,973

63.9

64.3

101,632

103,884

95,506
2,990

92,916
5,725
5.6
58,510

98,047
2,9 95
95,05 2
5,836
5. 6
58,925

142, 198
91,247

144,267
93,131

2,250
49,463

2,221
4.1
13,665

479
35,978
2, 057

5.3
37,605

7,759
237
7,522

1,401
15.3
7,166

White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population . . . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force . . . .
Not in labor force

64.2
89,556

85, 133

64. 6

91,509
66,993

2, 69 0
82,443
4,422
4.9

c 4 , 284
4,516

50,951

51,136

20,05 1
12,492
12,07 6
10,773
300
10,473
1,303
10.3

20,631
12,842
62.2
12,37 4
11,054
2o6
10,768
1,321
10.7

7,559

7,789

2,709

61,351
49,465
80.6
48, 105
46,371
1,993
44,378
1,734

4.9

11,886

50.C

33,266
3 1,7G2
452
31,250
1,564
33,361

13.7
5,704

6,390

1,100
13.4
5,574

Black and other
Total noninstitutional populatfon . . . . . . . .
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force




62.3

7, 93 7

6, 158
77.6
5,830
5,343
257
5,08 5
487
8.4
1,780

5,429
232

5 , 197
512
8.6
1,891

4S3
9.4
4,244

9,822
5,516
56.2
5,4S6
4,979
40
4,93 9
507
9.2
4,306

1,062

2,6 18
1,026

4C.S
S98
676

39.2
947
646

2,598

15

66C
322
32, 2

1,535

14
632

301
31.8
1,592

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1979

Black and other
Employment status
Both
sexes

Both
sexes

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

25,142
15,674
62.3

12,704
8,476
66.7

12,438
7,198
57.9

21,241
13,835
65.1

10,777
7,495
69.5

10,464
6,340
60.6

14,966
12,936
381
12,555
2,030
1,196
834
13.6
9,468

7,827
6,722
331
6,392
1,105
683
422
14.1
4,228

7,139
6,213
50
6,163
925
513
413
13.0
5,241

13,304
11,745
353
11,392
1,559
904
655
11.7
7,406

7,008
6,137
307
5,830
871
519
352
12.4
3,282

4,605
3,826
123
3,703
779
62
718
16.9
7,406

2,364
1,951
109
1,842
413
31
382
17.5
3,780

2,241
1,874
14
1,86 0
36 7
31
33 6
16.4
3,626

4,190
3,591
119
3,472
599
34
565
14.3
5,829

10,360
9,110
258
8,852
1,251
1,134
116
12.1
2,062

5,463
4,771
222
4,549
692
652
40
12.7
447

4,897
4,339
36
4,303
559
432
77
11.4
1,615

9,114
8,154
234
7,920
960
870
90
10.5
1,578

3,901
1,639
47.1

1,927
982
50.9

1,974
858
43.4

6, 296
5,608
46
5,562
688
385
303
10.9
4 r 124

1,662
1,191
28
1, 163
471
29 2
179
2£.4
2,G62

819
585
24
561
234
164
70
28.6
945

843
605
4
602
237
128
109
28.2
1,117

2,196
1,863
105
1,758
333
17
315
15.1
2,952

1,994
1,728
14
1,714
266
17
250
13.4
2,876

415
235
4
231
180
28
153
4 3.4
1,578

168
88
4
84
60
13
67
47.6
828

247
147
147
1C0
14
86
40.6
749

4,812
4,274
202
4,072
538
502
36
11.2
330

4,302
3,880
32
3,848
422
368
54
9.8
1,248

1,246
956
23
932
291
264
26
23.3
484

651
497
20
477
154
151
3
23.6
117

596
459
4
455
137
114
23
23.0
367

Major activity: going to school
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagriculatural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979

Part-time tabor fore*

Full-time labor force

Race, sex. and age

(looking for
full-time work)

(looking for
pert time work)
on voluntary
pert time'

Parent of
full time
labor force

Percent of
part-time

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

87,492
8,887
a,283
b49
3,634
83,209
12,887
70,322
58,437
11,885

79,497
6,993
3, 170
416
2,755
76,327
10,971
65,356
54,246
11, 111

3,513
698
4 28
93
334
3,086
700
2,385
1,896
489

4,482
1,196
685
140
545
3,797
1,216
2,581
2,296
285

5.1
13.5
16.0
21.6
15.0
4.6
9.4
3.7
3.9
2.4

16,391
6,079
4,876
3 , 170
1,707
11,515
2,277
9,238
6,295
2,943

15,037
5,245
4,161
2,653
1,508
10, 876
2,069
8,807
5,963
2,825

1,354
834
716
517
199
639
208
431
312
119

8.3
13.7
14.7
16.3
11.7
5.5
9. 1
4.7
5.0
4.0

Males, 16 years and over • • •
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,096
4,906
2,366
51,730
7,185
44,544
36,768
7,777

49,939
3,917
1,801
48,138
6,124
42,014
34,666
7,348

1,623
307
183
1,440
360
1,079
819
261

2,534
683
333
2,152
70 1
1,451
1,282
168

4.7
13.9
16.2
4.2
9.8
3.3
3.5
2.2

5,315
2,921
2,379
2,937
S47
1,990
764
1,227

4,763
2,499
2,006
2,757
868
1,888
730
1, 15S

552
422
373
180
79
101
33
68

10.4
14.4
15.7
6.1
8.3
5.1
4.3
5.5

Females, 16 years and over. .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,396
3,980
1,917
31,479
5,702
25,777
2 1 , 6 70
4 , 107

29,558
3,076
1,369
2 8 , 188
4,847
23,341
19,579
3,762

1,890
391
245
1,646
340
1,306
1,077
229

1,948
513
303
1,645
516
1, 130
1,013
117

5.8
12.9
15.8
5.2
9.0
4.4
4.7
2.8

11,076
3,158
2,498
8,578
1,330
7,248
5,531
1,717

10,274
2,746
2, 155
8, IIS
1,201
6, 91S
5,253
1,666

802
413
343
459
129
330
279
51

7.2
13.1
13.7
5.3
9.7
4.6
5.0
3.0

Males, 16 years and over. . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

48,215
4,J36
2,107
46,108
6,286
39,822
32,713
7,110

44,513
3,563
1,653
43,260
5,462
37,798
31,035
6,763

1,338
254
151
1,187
294
8 93
6 89
204

1,964
519
30 3
1,662
530
1,131
989
143

4.1
12.0
14.4
3.6
8.4
2.8
3.0
2.0

4,799
2,671
2 , 182
2,617
846
1,771
668
1,103

4,333
2,320
1,874
2,46C
773
1,687
642
1, 045

466
352
309
158
72
84
26
58

9.7
13.2
14.1
6.0
8.6
4.7
3.9
5.3

Females, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

28,444
3,456
1,684
26,760
4,883
21,876
18, 178
3, 698

25,477
2,738
1,237
24,240
4,242
19,997
16,575
3,422

1,530
333
211
1,319
281
1,038
865
173

1,437
385
236
1,200
360
840
737
102

5. 1
11.1
14.0
4.5
7.4
3.3
4.1
2.8

10,051
2,840
2,240
7,811
1,197
6,615
5, 121
1,493

9,402
2,537
1,987
7,415
1, 103
6,313
4,865
1,448

649
30 3
252
396
94
30 2
256
45

6.5
10.7
11.3
5.1
7.9
4.6
5.0
3.0

Males, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,882
570
2 60
5,622
8S9
4 , 7 23
4,055
668

5 , 0 26
353
149
4,878
662
4,216
3,630
586

285
53
32
253
66
188
131
56

570
164
80
490
170
319
29 4
26

9.7
28.8
30.8
8.7
19.0
6.8
7.3
3.9

516
249
197
319
101
218
94
123

430
179
132
297
95
20 3
88
115

86
70
64
22
7
15
7
9

16.7
28.0
32.6
6.9
6.5
6.9
7,4
7.3

Females, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,952
525
233
4,719
819
3,900
3,491
409

4,080
338
132
3,948
605
3,344
3,004
340

360
59
34
3 26
58
268
213
55

511
128
66
445
156
290
276
14

10.3
24.4
28.5
9.4
19.0
7.4
7.9
3.4

1,025
318
258
767
133
634
411
223

872
209
167
704
99
606
386
2U

153
109
91
62
35
28
23
6

14.9
34.4
35. 1
8.1
25.9
4.4
5.6
2.7

1

White

Black and other

1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1979
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Family relationship

Percent
of
population

Total

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Employed

Keeping
house

Total

Going
to

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total 16 years and over

103,884

63.8

98,047

5,836

5.6

58,925

32,197

8,881

2,787

15,061

Husbands1
With emDloved wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,961
21,415
1,030
16,790

81.0
91.9
94.3
70.3

39,784
20,878
923
16,340

1,177
537
106
451

2.9
2.5
10.3
2.7

9,577

206

218

1,141

8,013

1,895
62
7,108

47
2
120

116
3
63

381
21
671

1,351
36
6,254

24,402
21,802
643
1,957

50.5
57.2
58.8
21.6

23,310
20,878
537
1,895

1,092
923
106
62

4.5
4.2
16.5
3.2

23,899
16,339
451
7,108

21,992

310

262

1,333

15,418
419
6,154

262
9
39

105
1
156

554
22
758

13,813
6,393
4,741
2,679

60.5
55.8
73.0
54.9

12,236
5,531
4,258
2,447

1,577

11.4

863
483
231

13.5
10.2
8.6

9,013
5,065
1,750
2,198

1,323
130

6,020
4,628

333
15

1,337
292

198
995

1,283
109

37
281

232
813

148

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband

•

Relatives in husband-wife families
16-19 years
.
20-24 years
25 years and over

Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
Persons not living in families 2

•• •

1,578

60.0
55.6
49.3
71.1
52.6

4,768
3,531
1,058
1,024
1,449

422
720
355
236
129

15,267

61.4

14,418

848

5,190
4,251
1,413
1,260

1
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.

8.1

3,462

2,782

16.9

3,389

801

115
1,550

283

417
754

25.1
18.7
8.2

1,455
513
1,421

71
103
627

1,232
275
43

10
18
255

142
117
495

5.6

9,585

5,093

668

620

3,207

2
Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in
secondary families.

A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race

Dec.
1978

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total. 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

36




Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Marital status, sex, age, and race

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Thousands of
persons

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

ym
rates

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

3,024

3,087

5.2

5.2

2,701

2,749

6.3

6.2

1,061

2.6
6.3
12.0

2.9
6.8

1,670

1,164
327
1,595

11.0

1,224
507
970

1 , 166
52 9
1,054

5.1
6.3
8.9

4.7
6.3
9.3

2,37 1

2,430

4.5

4.6

2,051

2 , 085

5.5

5.4

908
216
1 f 247

988
223

2.7
5.8
9.7

1,039
358
654

1,005
338

1, 220

2.5
5.7
10.4

693

4.8
5.6
7.1

4.5
5.8
7.2

653

656

10.3

10.3

650

664

11.3

11.1

153
78
423

177
104
375

4.3
8.7
22.4

4.9
11.3
19.8

185
148
316

161
142
361

7.6
9.3
18.5

6.3
8.7
20.2

2,149

2,277

4.1

4.3

2,026

2,075

5.4

5.3

1,000
265
885

1,099
311
86 8

2.6
6.0
9.5

2.9
6.8
8.7

1,146
477
403

1,C69
500
506

4.9
6.5
5-S

4.5
6.5
6.9

1,679

1,777

3.6

3.8

1,538

1,572

4.8

4.7

2.4
5.5
7.9

2.7
5.8
7.4

968
335
234

92 0
362
289

4.6
5.8
4.2

4.3
5.9
4.8

29 3

853
196
629

934
211
633

469

501

8.3

8.7

489

503

9.6

9.4

145

165
100
235

4.2
8.3
18.5

4.8
11.3
16.2

178
143
169

148
138
218

7.5
9.6

6.0
9.0

69
256

13.5

16.4

HOUSEHOLDDATA
A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Occupation

Dec.
1978
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

5,725
1,537
378
20 4
205
751
2,347
640
356
284
896
219
59 3
211
382
1,052

69
933
111
678
486
1 11
81

5,836
1,509
297
216
218
111
2,519
620
332
288
1,070
208
681
213
468
900
62
838
138
710
470
156
86

5.6
3.1
2.5
1.9
3.1
4. 1
6,9
4.8
8.6
3.1
7.6
5.7
11.5
20.2
9.3
7.5
5.5
7.7
4.3

Dec.
1979
5.6
2.9
1.9
2.0
3.2
4.1
7.5
4.6
7.7
3.1
8.8
5.4
13.5
20.4
11.7
6.5
5.2
6.6
5.5

Vec.
1978

5.2
2. 1
1.9
1.6
2.2
3.4
6.5
4.8
8.6
2.9
6.3
5.9
11.7
20.2
9.3
7.2
(1)
7. 1
3.6

Dec.
197 9
5.2
1.9
1.4
1.6
2.4
3.1
6.9
4.5
7.8
2.9
7.8
5.7
13.2
20.0
11.2
6.4
(1)

6.4
3.7

Eec.
1S78
6.3
3.9
3.3
3.0
4.2
4.3
8.8
5.6

D9C.
197 9

6.2
3.8
2.5
3.3
4.1
4.4
9.8
5.1

(D

0)

(1)
8.9
7.7
5.3
8.1
8.0

4.8
10.4
2.1
15.3
(1)
14.5
6.5
5.1
6.8
14.6

tec.
1978

Dec.
1979

5.1
9.5
3.6
9-4

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment . . .
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and'plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience

1

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

100.0
73.8
.5
10.7
20.1
10.1
1.0
.5
.5

100.0
74.1
.5
10.2
23.1
12.9
.7
.3
.8
1.4
1.6
2.0
1.2
3.5
2.7
.8
.3
1.1
10.2
2.8
.7
2.3
.5
1.1

.9
1.0
1.2
1.9
1.6
1.0
.6
•4
1.1
10.0
2.3
.8
2.6
.7
1.4
.7
.8
.7
3.1
.2
2.1
.8
20.7
2.7
16.1

.9
1.3
.7
3.9
.2
2.9

.9

6.9

19.1
2.6
14.7
5.8

9. 1
2.5
.11.7
11.8

10.7
12.2

8.9
3.0

Dec.
1978
5.6
5.7
2.9
12.4
5.1
4.3
8.5
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.0
2.6
4.8
4.0
4.4
3.4
3.9
8.7
6.2
6.6
5.2
10.0
5.4
5.3
3.4
6.0
6.1
3.3
2.3
4.6
2.0
6.3
3.0
5.5
4.0
7.5
10.6
2.7

Dec.
1979
5.6
5.6
3.2
11.3
5.8
5.4
6.4
3.6
5.8
5.9
5.9
4.1
3.0
9.0

12.6
4.5
2.9
7.9
6.4
8.4
4.4
9.6
3.7
4.2
4.0
10.0
6.1
4.1
1.9
6.3
2.2
5.8
2.8
5.0
3.4
7.3
12.4
2.5

Dec.
1978
5.2
5.3
3.4
12.8
3.9
3.S
7.4
4.2
4.3
3.7
4.2
2.4
3.2
3.7
4.0
3.4
5.2
7. 1
4.0
4.4
3-8
6.0
3.3
4.3
2.4
3.7
3.9
3.2
2. 1
4.8
1.2
5.5
2.8
5.2
3.6
6.8
9.3
2.4

Dec.
1979
5.2
5.4
3.3
11.7
4.9
5.C
6.6
3.6
5.0
5.9
5.2
3.6
2.3
8.4
12.0
3.7
1.6
5.6
4.5
6.0
3.9
4.5
2.9
3.9
3.0
7.7
4.3
4.0
1.6
6.1
1.7
5.2
1.9
4.8
3.1
6.4

a.8
2.1

6.3
6.2

7.6
7.6
5.7
16.0
5.7
2.4
4.4
3.3
3.6
6.8
5.2
6.1
3.6
2.0
10.7
9.2
10.7
7.0
11.0

11.2
6.8
5.7
9.6
9.5
3.7
(1)
4.G
3.5
7.1
3.2
5.6
4.2
8.2
15.8
3.1

6.2
5.9
2.0
6.9
7.9
6.6
5.2
3.6
8.9
5.6
8.4
6. 1
3.8
12.1
15.4
8.2
4.7
10.8
9.1
13.2
5.0
10.8
6.0
4.7
6.6
13.9
9.1
4.5

(D
7.1
2.9
6.4
3.4
5.1
3.5
8.1
28.0
3.0

Percent not shown where base is less than 75.000.




37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Females, 20 years

Main, 20 years

Total
unemployed

Both sexes.
16 to 19 years

Black and other

Rotson for lint rnploy nwnt

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands.
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,725
2,504
760
1,744
827
1,716
678

5,836
2,794
969
1,825
724
1,607
710

2,221
1,367
398
969
332
451
71

2,331
1#600
531
1#019
266
381
84

2,057
790
267
523
343
803
121

2,104
876
310
566
308
762
157

1,447
347
94
253
153
462
485

1,401
318
78
240
150
464
470

4,422
1,971
648
1,323
687
1,302
462

4,516
2,209
822
1,387
603
1,206
497

1,303
533
112
421
141
414
215

1,321
585
148
437
121
401
213

100.0
43.8
13.3
30.5
14.5
30.0
11.8

100.0
47.9
16.6
31-3
12.4
27.5
12.2

100.0
61.5
17.9
43.6
14.9
20.3
3.2

100.0
68.6
24.9
43.7
11.4
16.3
3.6

100.0
38.4
13.0
25.4
16.7
39.0
5.9

100.0
41.7
14.8
26.9
14.7
36.2
7.4

100.0
24.0
6.5
17.5
10.6
31.9
33.5

100.0
22.7
5.6
17.1
10.7
33.1
33.5

100.0
44.6
14.7
29.9
15.5
29.4
10.5

100.0
48.9
18.2
30.7
13.4
26.7
11.0

100.0
40.9
8.6
32.3
10.8
31.8
16.5

100.0
44.3
11.2
33. 1
9.2
30.4
16. 1

5.6
2.4
.8
1.7
.7

5.6
2.7
.7
1.5
.7

5.3
2.2
.8
1.9
.4

15.8
3.8
1.7
5.0
5.3

15.3
3.5
1.6
5.1
5.1

4.9
2.2
.8
1.5

4.9
2.4
.7
1.3
.5

10.8
4.4
1.2
3.4
1.8

10.7
4.7
1.0
3.2
1.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1

1

4. 1
2.5
.6
.8
. 1

4.3
3.0
.5
.7
.2

5.3
2. 1
.9
2. 1
.3

.5

Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.

A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]

December 1979
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex. and age
Less than
5 weeks

Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over..
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Rotntrsnts . . * • • .
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Fteentrants
NGWontrsnts ••

•«..•••*

38




5,836

100.0

44.7

35.2

20.1

11.8

8.3

2,794
9 69
1,825
724
1,607
710

100.0
100.G
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.3
57.2
32.9
43.7
47.7
52.2

36.4
31.8
38.8
38.8
35.8
25.7

22.3
11.0
28.3
17.5
16.6
22.0

13.2
7.9

9.1
3.1
12.3
8.0
7.2
7.9

2,331

100.0

40.1

35.3

24.7

13.2

11.5

1,600
581
1,019
266
331
84

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.2
56.8
32.3
41.6
38.3
22.0

34.2
30.9
36.1
37.6
38.1
34.4

24.6
12.3
31.6
20.8
23.6
43.7

14.0
9.2

1C.5
22.7

10.6
3.1
14.8
11.5
13.1
21.0

2,104

100.0

42. 1

37.5

20.4

12.2

8.2

876
310
566
308
762
157

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.9
54.0
29.1
41.3
46.4
46.0

39.4
35.4
41.6
39.4
36.5
28.0

22.7
10.7
29.3
19.3
17.1
26.0

ie.2
10.9
10. 1
14.8

11.1
8.4
6.9
11.2

1,401

100.0

56.3

31.7

12.0

8.9

3.2

318
7fi
240
150
464
47 0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

51.5
72.8
44.5
52.3
57.4
59.7

38.6
23.7
43.6
39.8
32.7
23.5

9.9
3.5

6.9
4. 1
7.8
6.S
7.2
12.4

3.0

12.0

7.9
9.9

16.8

16.0
9.5
9.4

14. 1

16.8
9.3

14. 1

6.4

8.6
4.2

4.2
1.0
2.7
4.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobseerch methods used, sex. age, end rece
December 1979
Methods «Md a* • paroant of total jobeaafcon

Sex. aft. mi race
To*

Total. 16 years and over..

16to19years
20to24years
25 t o 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over

5,836
1,101
737
531
321
63

Total
job-

4,797
1,316
1, 131
1,054
587
402
252
56

26.5
20.0
29. 1
32.2
31.0
26.9

5.5
1.8
7.6
6.8
7.7
5.2
2.8
(1)

70.8
80.1
71.9
67.6
62.4
65.4
63.5
(1)

30.5
21.2
32.5
38.S
31.7
32.1
28.6
d)

13.1

73.3
80.0
75.6
68.5
67.6
73.5
62.7
(1)

29.2
22.3
31.2
37.9
29.0
25.4
26.1
P)

14.6
10.1
19.0
14.7
12.9
16.8
17.2
(1)
11.5

16.7
(1)

9.5
16.2
12.4
12.4
15.4
17.5
(D

5.9
4.6
4.4
6.3
7.0
7.C
11.1
(1)

1.52
1.37
1.62
1.64
1.52
1.52
1.40
1-57
1.40
1.69
1.74
1.59
1.56
1.32
(1)

(D

Males, 16 years and over...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over

3,087
755
780
690
364
262
1b2
54

2,423
700
589
504
272
185
134
38

27.9
20.4
30.6
38.5
31.6

(D

5.3
2.3
7.3
6.7
9.2
1.6
1-5
(1)

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,749
64b
644
651
372
268
139
29

2,374
616
542
549
315
216
117
13

25.1
19.5
27-5
26.4
30.2
25.9
23.9
(1)

5.6
1.3
7.9
6.9
6.3
8.3
3.4
d)

68.2
80.2
67.9
67.0
57.8
58.8
65.0
d)

31.8
20.0
33.S
39. S
34.0
37.5
31.6
(1)

13. 1
10.4
12.1
14.4
17.9
(1)

7.1
5.0
5.1
7.7
8.5
10.8
14.9
d)
4.6
4.1
3.7
4.9
5.7
3.7
6.8
(1)

White, 16 years and over •
Males
Females
;

4,516
2,430
2,085

3,626
1,859
1,767

24.2
25.9
22.5

5.2
4.6
5.8

70.8
74.0
67.5

31.9
30.6
33.3

13.7
14.8
12.6

5.8
7-0
4.6

1.52
1.57
1.46

Back and other. 16 years
and over
Males
Females

1,321
656
664

1,171
564
6 07

33-4
34.2
32.6

6.4
7.8
5.1

70.5
70.6
70.3

26.0
24.5
27.5

11. 1
14.0
8.4

6.1
7.3
4.9

1.53
1.58
1.49

27.6
9-7

8.6

1.47
1.34
1.54
1.56
1.46
1.49
1.49
(1)

waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It
should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or

A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
December 1979
Thousands of parsons

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekars

Total

iob-

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
lob leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,836
2,794
724
1,607
710

4,797
1,817
734
1,540
706

26.5
34.5
28.5
19.5
19.0

5.5
5.1
6.8
6.0
4.0

70.
69.
71.
67.
79.

8
9
8
4
0

30.
31.
36.
30.
20.

5
8
6
3
8

13.
15.
11.
11.
12.

1
2
9
6
2

5.9
8.1
3.3
6.3
2.0

.52
.65
.59
.41
.37

Males, 16 years and over .
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants

3,087
1,812
360
605
310

2,423
1, 168
359
585
310

27.9
33.7
28. 1
20.7
19.0

5-3
5.6
4.5
5.0
5.8

73.
70.
73.
74.
80.

3
6
5
7
0

29. 2

14.
16.
11.
15.
10.

6
2
1
9
6

7.1

32. 0
28. 9
19. G

9-9
3.9
6.0

.57
.67
.53
.51
.36

Females, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,749
982
365
1,003
400

2,374
649
375
955
396

25.1
35.7
28.8
18.3
18.9

5.6
4.0
8.8
6.7
2.5

68.
68.
70.
63.
78.

2
4
1
0
3

31.
33.
41.
31.
22.

11.
13.
12.
9.
13.

5
6
5
0
4

4.6
4.6
2.4
6.5
2.3

31.2

8
1
1
2
2

1.6

.47
,59
64
.35
38

NOTE: See not*, table A-15.




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-17.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full time workers

Thousand* of parsons

Duration of unemployment

Dec.
1978

Total, 16 years and over . . .
Less than 5 weeks
5to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

A-18.

Dec.
1979

5,725

5,836

2,553
2,015
1,4.31
584
1 , 157
706
451
207
244

2,608
2,055
1 ,468
587
1, 173
689
484
241
243

11.0
6.1

11.0
6.1

Thousands of parsons

Pvfosnt distribution

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

100.0

100.0

4,302

44.6
35.2
25.0
10.2
20.2
12.3
7.9
3.6
4.3

44.7
35.2
25.2
10. 1
20.1
11.8
8.3
4. 1
4.2

1,794
1,534
1,116
41S
974
578
396
186
210
12.0
6.6

12.1
6.9

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

4,482

100.0

100.0

1,811
1,648
1 , 188
460
1,023
577
447
228

41.7
35.7
25.8
9.7
22.t
13.4
9.2
4.3
4.9

40.4
36.8
26.5
10.3
22.8
12.9
10.0
5.1
4.9

Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status

Thousands of persons
Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks

Sax, age, race, and marital status

duration,
in weeks

December 1979

Less than 5 weeks as a 15 weeks and over as a
porcont of u no niploy6O percent of unemployed
in group

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,8 36
2,030
1,401
1,424
1,341
737
531
321
83

2,608
1,091
788
620
544
303
196
121
35

2,055
659
444
522
511
250
20 2
104
22

689
191
124
182
169
92
66
48
9

484
89
45
100
116
91
67
48
17

11.0
8.2
7.5
10.4
11.6
13.7
13.4
15.7
15.3

6.1
4.7
4.4
6.3
6.9
7.2
7.0
8.0
6. 1

44.6
48.6
5 0.3
44.2
42.4
42.2
41.5
41.5
40.3

44.7
53.7
56.3
43.6
4C.6
41.2
36.9
37.6
42.6

20.2
14.8
13.8
19.4
21.6
25.3
25.6
26. 1
21.6

20.1
13.8
12.0
19.8
21.3
24.9
25.1
2 9.8
3 0.4

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,087
1,105
755
780
6 90
364
26 2
182
54

1,353
574
419
341
259
141
98
72
24

1,060
365
238
286
26 1
128
81
52
14

383
119
75
101
99
47
34
24
4

291
48
23
51
72
49
49
34
12

11.8
8.4
7.6
10. 1
13.1
15.1
16.1
18.3
15.8

6.2
4.8
4.5
6.2
7.4
7.3
7.7
8.1
6.5

4 2.5
46.6
47.4
45.1
36.0
40.0
40.6
3 7.0

d)

43.8
51.9
55.5
43.7
37.5
36.7
37.5
3S.4
(1)

21.7
14.2
13.0
20.8
25.1
27.9
27.6
28.1

d)

21.8
15. 1
13.0
19.6
24.7
2 6.2
31.6
31.8
(1)

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
18to 19 years
20 to 24 yean
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 64 y tan
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,749
925
646
644
651
3 72
268
139
29

1,255
517
369
279
286
163
97
49
11

996
294
207
236
250
122
121
51
8

306
72
49
81
71
45
32
24
4

193
42
21
48
45
43
18
14
5

10.1
8.0
7.5
10.7
9.9
12.4
10.7
12.2
14.2

5.9
4.5
4.4
6.5
6.4
7.2
6.8
8.0
5.9

46.9
51.1
53.8
43.2
46.9
44.2
42.4
46.8
M)

45.6
55.9
57.2
43.3
43.9
43.7
36.3
35.6
(1)

18.5
15.6
14.8
17.7
18. 1
22.9
23.4
23.8

18.2
12.3
10.8
20.0
17.7
23.6
18.7
27.3

White, 16 years and over.
Malts
Females

4,516
2,430
2,085

2,118
1, 139
97S

1,565
011
754

517
278
238

316
202
113

10.3
11.1
9.3

5.6
5.6
5.6

46.4
44.5
48.7

46.9
46.9
47.G

18.3
19.3
17.2

18.4
19.8
16.9

Black and other, 16 years and over..
Malts
Ftmalts

1,321
656
664

490214
276

490
249
241

172
105
67

168
88
80

13.6
14.7
12.5

8.3
9.2
7.4

38.4
35.2
41.6

37.1
32^6
41.5

26.6
30.5
22.7

25.8
29.4
22.2

Malts, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present

1 , 164

501

3 74

146

143

13.1

6.5

38.9

43.0

23.9

24.8

Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)

327
1,595

111
742

119
566

50
187

48
100

15.7
10.1

8.6
5.7

41.8
44.9

33.8
46.5

26.8
19.5

29.7
18.0

Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present

1,166

540

429

137

60

9.3

5.8

46.6

46.3

Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)

17.8

16.9

529
1,054

204
511

217
349

54
115

55
78

11.2
10.5

7.3
5.3

46.1
47.9

38.5
4£.5

22.7
17.3

20.5
18.3

Total, 16 years and over

1

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

40




(D

(D

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-19.

Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of persons
Average
(mean)

Occupation and industry

Total

Less than
5 weeks

15 to 26
weeks

5 to 14
weeks

27 weeks
and over

duration,
in weeks

Median
duration,
in weeks

Lest than 5 weeks
as a percent of
unemployed in group

Dec.
1978

December 1979

Dec.
1979

15 weeks and over
as a perDent of
unemployed m group

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

OCCUPATION
38.3
32.8
46.2
40.4

41.4
42.1
33.4
43.2

25.2
28.5
17.0
24.9

20.1
25.1
17.3
17.6

6.2
6.2
7.1
5.8

47.9
50.0
45.2
4 8.3
49.4

43.6
41.6
45.0
38.1
45.1

18.5
15.9
21.7
19.0
16.2

21.4
21.1
21.7
24.7
20.2

10.2

5.9

44.4

45.5

17.2

17.0

2
43
115
58
57
39
80
125
10

6.2
9.6
11.3
11.3
11.2
14.0
10.1
11.7
11.4

4.4
5.1

50.6
54.4
44. 1
36.5
4S.9
42.0
4 6.2
3S.1
31.9

56.8
49.4
41.8
41.4
42.3
42.9
42.1
43.9
29.8

5.2

6.7

6.7
6.5
6.9
6.0
6.2
6.5
8.6

13.0
22.2
25.8
18.5
29.1
17.3
22.5
31.1

12.9
23.1
23.7
22.4
25.5
18.7
20.5
22.6

56

11.4

4.8

47.4

52.2

21.7

22.0

White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales workers
.
Clerical workers

1,509
513
218
777

625
216
73
336

580
168
103
304

175
69
22
84

129
61
15
53

11.4
13.3
11.6
10.1

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

2,579
620
1,070
208
63 1

1 , 126
258
482
79
307

S02
231
357
77
237

336
74
151
30
81

215
57
81
21
56

11.2
11.8
10.7
1.3.1
11.0

900

409

338

72

81

175
6 19
1,351
754
598
247
1 , 121
1,299
201

99
306
565
312
253
109
472
570
60

64
233
474
263
211
76
440
462
9b

9
37
197
120
77
24
130
140
35

710

371

183

100

Service workers
INDUSTRY

7.1
7.5
6.1
6.2

1

Agriculture
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration

1

6.6

includes wage and salary workers only

A-20.

Employed persons by sex and age

[In thousands]

Age and type of industry

Dec.
1976
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 to 19 years . . . , . ,
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 yean
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
66 years and over
Nonagrieuttural Industrie*
16 to 19 years
16to 17 years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 yean
55 to 69 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16to19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
2516 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
66 years and .over

.,




,906
,73 6
,131
,605
,681
,099
,252
,351
,496
,414
# 070
,344
,976
92,916
7,475
3,012

4,463

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Eec.
1978

Dec.
1979

98,047

55,668
3,955

56,325
3,990

1,585

1,625
2,365
7,352
36,215
15,352
11,132
9,731
6,S28

40,239
3,782
1,546
2,236
6,365
24,560
10,373
7,518
6,669
4,428
2,776
1,652
1,104

41,722
3,769
1,53 7
2,232
6,387
25,909
10,968
8,149
6,792
4,528
2,827
1,701
1 , 129

39,708
3,730
1,524
2,2C7
6,3C7
24,247
10,266
7,406
6,575
4,352
2,724
1,628
1,072

41,220
3,733
1,521
2,212
6,345
25,582
10,361
8,041
6,679
4,465
2,790
1,675
1,096

530
51
22
29
58
312
1C8
112
93
76
52
24
32

502
36

7,759
3,162

4,597
13, 740
62,125
26,321
19, 281
16,523
11,456
7,120

2,369
7,317

35,53 9
14,879
10,833

4, 336

9,82 7
6,986
4,29 4
2,692

2, 968

1,872

1,840

95, 052
7 , 522

53,208
3,745
1,489

53,833
3,789
1,523
2,266

3, 044
4,479

2,256
7,055
34,250

17,848
15,995
10,915
6,793
4,122

13,395
60,496
25,705
18,796
15,995
10, 978
6, 878
4,100

2,667

2,662

1,535

2,990
2 62
119
143
320

2,995
237
118
119
34 5
1,629
6 16
48 5
528
473
242
236
306

2,460
210

13,361

5ti,497
24,655

1,601
597
503
501
499
278
222
308

14,389
10,442

9,420
6,563
4,069
2,494

4,293
2,63 5

7,049
34,914
14,843
10,755
9,316
6,513
4,088
2,426
1,566

97

2,492
201
102

113
262
1,288
490
39 1
407
423
226
197
276

1,300
509
377
415
415
206
2 09
273

16
20
42
328
107
108
113

63
37
27
33
41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-21. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
[In thousands]

Ftntafes, 20 years and o w

Total

Dec.
1978
TOTAL

Professional and technical
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical

.

Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade .
Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries
Clerical workers
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries . . . .
Other clerical workers

Males, 1t»1tyaars

FamafcM.1t.it yaais

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

95,906

98,047

51,713

52,335

36,457

37,954

3,955

3,9S0

3,782

3,769

48,852

50,683

22,381

22,762

23,795

25,169

665

729

2,011

2,023

14,870
2,717
3,232
8,921

15,505
2,853
3,373
9,279

8,267
923
904
6,440

8,405
952
970
6,433

6,395
1,774
2,291
2,330

6,902
1,883
2,378
2,641

111
2
12
97

103
5
4
94

97
18
25
54

96
14
21
61

10,289
8,513
858
918

10,529
8,808
810
911

7,813
6,429
604
780

7,774
6,467
533
773

2,368
1,985
251
133

2,637
2,221
276
139

64
57
2
5

51
51
1

44
42
1

67
67

6,337
3,436
2,901

6,653
3,598
3,0 54

3,159
1,031
2,129

3,257
1,055
2,202

2,460
1,762
698

2,563
1,786
777

223
184
39

303
253
50

495
459
36

530
505
25

17,356
4,772
12,584

17,997
4,856
13,141

3,142
76
3,066

3,326
68
3,258

12,572
4,325
8,247

13,067
4,441
8,626

267
5
262

2 74
9
265

1,374
365
1,009

1,330
338
992

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1979

Eec.
1978

31,654

32,012

23,510

23,749

5,476

5,663

2,202

2,186

466

415

Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
All other

12,597
1,259
2,510
3,361
1,322

12,973
1,245
2.717
3,362
1,335

11,415
1, 187
2,380
3,151
1,230

1 1 , 70 1
1,158
2,56 7
3,123
1,251

675
6
27
53
48

736
18
42
53
44

458
65
96
152
44

500
67
104
182
39

49
1
6
5

36
2
4
5
2

1,707
2,438

1,891
2,421

1,516
1,951

1,661
1,941

182
358

210
369

9
92

15
92

38

4
19

Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing . . .
Other industries

10,863
4,944
3,535
2,383

11,035
4,984
3,4 40
2,6 11

5,835
3,020
1,384
1,432

5,976
3,016
1,331
1,630

4,097
1,589
1,916
592

4,138
1,649
1,899
589

641
239
101
300

638
213
102
323

289
98
133
58

283
107
109
68

Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other

3,617
3,088
529

3,644
3,084
560

3,122
2,644
477

3,141
2,636
505

301
281
21

316
291
25

169
145
24

175
145
29

24
18
6

13
12

Monfarm laborers
Construction
Manufacturing
Other industries

4,577
834
1,146
2,597

4,360
831
974
2,555

3,137
673
854

2,930
651
725
1,554

402
16
147
239

473
18
148
307

934
137
131
666

873
161
87
€25

104
7
14
83

84
1
14
69

12,942

12,980

3,954

6,843

6,790

9 10

927

1,268

1,308

1, 180
11,762
4,249
1,407
6,106

1,141
11,838
4,314
1,447
6,077

11
3,909
742
1,257

20
3.93 4
812
1,271

927
5,916
2,231
121
3,564

855
5,936
2,243
137
3,556

13
897
567
26

11
916
539
26
34S

228
1,040
708
3
32 9

255
1.053
720
10

2,459

2,372

1,910

343

332

148

37

1,414

1,378

1,901

114

126

228
94
135

206
70
136

Blue-collar workers

Service workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household . . .
Food service workers'
,
Protective service workers
All other
Farmworkers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and su-jerviiors
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers

42




. .

1,045
828
217

995
781
213

1,610
3,921

1,279
622
598
24

1,851
1,871
1,240
631
606
25

304
178
19
160
110
49

323
22
11
1
137
92
45

35
26
9

21
13
8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race

[Percent distribution)

Occupation and race

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

95,906
100 .0

98,047
100.0

55,668
100.0

56,325
100.0

40,239
1C0.C

41,722
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical »
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

50 .9
15.5
10,.7
6 .6
18 .1

51.7
15.8
10.7
6.8
18.4

41.4
15.0
14.1
6.1
6. 1

41.7

64.1
16.1

65.2
16.8

6.0
7.3
34.7

6.5
7.4
34.5

Blue-collar workers

33 .0
13,. 1
11..3
3 .8
4..8

32.6
13.2
11.3
3.7
4.4

46.2

46.0

21.3
11.6

14.8
1.8
10.9
.6
1.3

14.6
1.8

5.9
7.3

21.7
11.7
5.9
6.8

13 .5
1.2
12..3

13.2
1.2
12.1

8.7
(1)

8.7
.1

19.4
2.7

8.6

8.6

20.2
2.9
17.3

2.6
1 .5
1 .1

2.4
1.4
1.0

3.7
2.3
1.4

3.6
2.2
1.4

.9
.3
.7

.8
.3
.5

85,133
100..0

86,993
100.0

49,976
100.0

50,584
100.0

35,158
100.0

36,410
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

52,.6
15,.9
11..5
7..1
18.> 2

53.4
16.3
11.4
7.3
18.5

43.1

43.4
15.7

€6.3

67.4

15.6

15.0
6.5
5.9

16.3

14.7
6.8
6.3

17.0

6.4

6.9

7.S

8.0
35.4

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

32..6
13,,7
10,.8
3,.6
4.,4

32.0
13.7
10.7
3.5
4. 1

45.4
22.0
11.2

45.1
22.1
11.3
5.5
6.1

14.3
1.9
10.3

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

12.,2
,9
11.,3

12.0
.9

7.8
(D
7.7

7.9
O)
7.9

18.5
2.2

3.6
2.4
1.2

1.0
.2
.7

.9
.3
.5

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

Craft and kindred workers.
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors . . A

15.1
13.9
6.3
6.4

10.6

.8
1.3

16.8

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

11.1

5.6
6.6

35.6

.€
1.2

16.3

14.0
1.9
10.0
.8
1.2
17.8
2. 1
15.7

2.,6
1..6
1.0

2.5
1.5
.9

3.7
2.5
1.2

10,773
100. 0

11,054
100.0

5,692
100.0

5^741
100.0

5,081
100.0

5,313
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

37. 4
12.3
4.9
3.0
17. 3

38.0
12.4
5.4

26.8
10.0
6.7
2.4
7.7

26.9

49.4

10.0
7.2
2.5
7.3

14.S
3.0
27.9

50.0
14.9
3.5
3.4
28.2

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

36. 6
8.,9
15.2
4. 9
7. 1

37.4
9.7

15.4
5.0
7.2

52.9
15.6
15.5
8.5
13.2

54.7
17.6
15.9
9.1
12. 1

18.3
1.3
14.8
.8
1.5

14.9
.6
2,0

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

23. 1
3.b
20. 1

22.7
3.3
19.4

16.5
.1
16.4

15.3
.2
15.1

31.8
7.5
24.3

30.7
6.7
24.0

2. 3
5
1.8

1.9
.4
1.5

3.1

.5
.2
.3

.6
. 1
.5

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and- supervisors
Black and other
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
1

2.9

17.3

3.9
.8

3.1

.6
2.5

3.6

18.7
1.2

Less than 0.06 percent.




43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]

December 1979
Agriculture
AgiandMx

WAQft MKl ttWty WOffctTS
Wage and
salary
workars

SaH
employed

Private

family
workers

workers

Total, 16 years and over.
16to19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

87,942
7,409
2,995

Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
.
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

1,264
287
221
66
77
149
143
218
235
135
100
156

15,655
538
164
3 74
1,555
4,469

71,022

6,74 0

6,584

3,63b
3,069
2,032

13,246
11,191
7,539
4,729
2,811
1,574

95
39
56
320
1,557
1,668

49,120
3,733
1,505
2,229
6,826
13,791
9,570
8,310
5,708
3,570
2,138
1 , 181

150

7,663
224
82

13
17
13
22
13
9
24

2,159
1,776
1,647
1,008

38,822
3,676
1,490
2,185
6,231
10,290
7,454
6,168
4,098
2,573
1,525
905

1,115
240
185
56
68
136
126
200
213
122
91
131

7,993

4,414
13,058
24,081
17,024
14,477

9,806
6,143

3,663
2,086

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,610
3,974
11,426

19,462

1,280
753
357

46
36

143
643

10

9

640
369

206
314
82
231
912
2,310
1,859
1,422
1,024
64 0
384
151

370
18
10
8

1b
66
105
76
61
28
33
26

1,441
1,111
707
4 04
548

41,307
3,463
1,387
2,076
6,174
11,619
7,778
6,645
4,678
2,918
1,760
951

4,678
43

29,715
3,122
1,223
1,898
5,251
7,844
5,468
4,545
2,862
1,811
1,051
623

2,062
52
26
25

12
31
218
1,047
1 , 184
1,003
801
516
285
381

102
510
464
438
310
190
119
167

1,237
163

76
88
247
328
187
134
107
51
56
71

35
13
6
7
5
5
1
3
4
1
3
4

1,046
136
63
73
214

335
6
4
1
12
61
1C4
73
57
27
30
24

191
28
13
14
33

268
157
107
96
48
48

68

1,526
19
6
12
75
256
257
348
344
174
170
228

231
54
36
19
23
32
41
46
27
18
10
8

1,374
18
6
12
71
235
220
306
319
158
161
205

72
47
33
14
17
6

152
1

159
8
3
5
6
26
41
44
27
18
10

4
21
37
42
25
16
9
_23_

60
30
28
11
3
8
2

A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]
Deceaber

Whita^ollarworfc

1979

MuenoHi

Industry
Professional and
toehnioal
workars

Managers
and
admit*-

T?

Sales
workars

Oariaat
workars

Craft
anal
kindred
workers

Operatives,
amapt
transport

Prijaja
opaiailwai

laborers

workers

Hi

Total
employed

Total, 16 years and over:
Mining
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration

44




..

2 ,9 y 5
905
6,288
22,232
13,425
8,807
6,401
20,321
3,876
16,445
5,811
28,104
1,336
26,768
4,990

73
140
167
2,482
1,646
B35
622
393
131
26 2
360
10,320
14
10,306
949

43
69
719
1,607
961
646

11
2
33
517
177
340

76
112
432
2,624
1,512
1,112

80
219
3,549
4,369
2,874
1,495

27
266
319
8,424
4,984
3,440

43
57
201
784
391
392

255
25
831
974
610
364

647
3,730
794
2,935

69
4,568
970
3,598

1,417
3,666
824
2,842

1,380
1,517
321
1,196

165
1,020
171
849

1,494
769
383
386

465
1,181
256
924

1,085
2,011

1,279
168

2,010
6 17

168
5

2,631
5,235
10
5,225
1,804

120
1,451
11
1,440
287

12
757
4
753
46

19
232
4
228
45

56
436
106
330
137

- - --- —.
——

- —

1,141
1,141

13
15
36
450
268
182
143
3,476
24
3,452
250
6,354
45
6,309
1.100

Farm
workers

2,372
—
-----.
—
—
—

-—
--

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
(In
Nonagricurtural im

R M M M I not working

Paid absences?

Dec.
1976

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Unpaid abttnon2

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illnass
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

3,395
950
1,345
22C
64
808

3,287
958
1,309
70
131
819

3,201
922
1,303
158
65
754

3,140
928
1,274
56
131
750

1,313
656
517
141

Males, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reason$3

2,003
595
790
618

1,894
631
709
553

1,832
572
752
509

1,766
607
679
480

844
444
326
73

Females, 16 years and o\
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

1,392
355
555
482

1,394
326
600
467

1,369
350
552
467

1,374
321
595
457

471
213
191
67

465
187
196
81

1

1,292
642
488

Dec.
1979

1,470
182
657

1,477
216
666

162

631

594

828
455
292
81

739
83
345
311

721
108
303
310

730
99
312
320

755
109
363
284

^Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.

Excludes private household.

2

Pay status not available sepai tely for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories
are included in all other reasons.

A-26. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
December 1979
Percent distribution
Hours of work

Agriculture

94,76 0

91,913

1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours

22,445
765
4, 414
11, 184
6, 082

21,643
7 35
4,233
10,759
5,9 16

35 hours and over
35-39 hours

72, 316
6, 592
39, 830
25, 894
10,4 35
9, 034
6, 425

70,270
6,493
39,287

Total, 16 years and over

40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work

..

Average hours, workers on full-tin
schedules




38.8

24,490

10,195

8,608
5,687

38.6

43.3

43.0

2,847

All
industries

cultural
industries

100.0

100.0

802
30
181
426
165

23. 7
m8
4.7
11. 8
6.4

23 .5
.8
4 .6

2,046
99
543

76.3
7.0
42. 0
27. 3
11. 0
9.5
6.8

76 .5
7 .1
42 .7
26 .€
11 . 1
9.4
6. 2

1,404
240
426
738

Agri-

6 .4

28.2
1.1
6.4
15.0
5.8
71.8
3.5
19.1

49.3
8.4
15.0

25.9

44.4
52.2

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27.

Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours

[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
parttim*

Total

Total, 16 years and over
economic FBSSOOS
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
,
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons

.

Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

A-28.

Usually
work
full time

work
part time

22,445

6,244

16,201

21,643

5,960

15,684

3, 513
1,872
88
161
86
1. 30 6

1,615
1,280
88
161
86

1,898
592

3,279
1,673
84
154
84
1,283

1,456
1,133
84
154
84

1,823
540

18, 932
12, 002
818
2, 086
27 3
17
115
1.512
2, 110

4#629

14,303
12,002

18,363
11,673
310

4, 5C2

1,306

818
1,842
273
17
115

1,283

810
1,61S
242
17
115

2, 049
242

244

17
115
1,449

13,861
11,673
23 0

1,565

1,512
545

2, 006

1,497

1,449
509

21.6
20.6

23.5
26.7

20.0
18.6

21.7
20.6

23.7
26.8

20.1
18.6

1,037
5, 045

648
2,623

389
2,422

982
4,934

6C4
2,577

378
2,357

Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status

[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979
Full- or part-time status
Industry
On full-time schedules
On part time
for economic

On
voluntary

Average

Avt
hours,
total
at work

workers
on full-time

Total

Total, 16 years and over l . . . .

91,913

3,279

13,861

74,773

50,283

10,195

14,295

38.6

43.0

85,133

2,872

12,553

69,708

48,107

9,625

11,976

38.4

42.6

4,907

2 93

257

4,357

3,142

554

661

39.3

41.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

21,045

525
203
322

747
309
437

19,773

13,577
8,298
5,281

3,215
1,996
1,218

2,981
1,838
1 , 144

41.2
41.6
40.5

42.4
42.4
42.4

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trad*
Finance, insurance, and real estate

5,888
17,849
5,205

142

392
4,776
560

5,354
12,170
4,555

3,594
7,475
3,422

690
2,006
520

1,070
2 , €89
613

41.4
36.1
38.6

43.5
43.7
41.4

Service industries . . . . t
Private households
All other industries . * • • • • • • •
Public administration .

24,594
1,224
23,370
4,818

829
147

682
74

5,564
676
4,888
242

18,201
401
17,800
4,502

13,092
264
12,828
3,343

2,020
39
1,981
503

3,089
98
2,991
656

36.0
23.2
36.7
4C.6

42.3
44.2
42.3
42.2

6, 409
370

396
12

1,126
183

4,887
175

2,073
102

556
14

2,258
59

41.6
33.6

48.9
46.1

Wage and salary workers
Construction

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

Includes mining, not shown separately.

46




12,644
8,402

903
90

12,132

7,643

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 29

Persons at work in nonagricurtural industries by full- or part-time status,! x, age. race, and marital status

[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979
On full-timt schedules
SMC, aaa, race, and marital s

Total
at

On part
tHIMfor

On
voluntary
40houn
or IMS

TOTAL
Both mm*. 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

91,913
12,284
7,360
2,992
4,368
84,553
13,055
71,499
43,214
25,779
2,506

3,279
669
410
88
322
2,870
674
2,196
1,365
726
106

13,861
4,969
3,942
2,521
1,420
9,920
1,946
7,974
4, 147
2,622
1,205

74,773
6,646
3,008
383
2,626
71, 763
10,435
61,329
37,702
22,431
1,195

50 283
5. '2
2,322
2,025
47,935
7,501
40,435
24,414
15,195
823

24,490
1,574
661
61
601
23,828
2,934
20,894
13,286
7,236
372

38.6
30.2
26.6
18.9
31.9
39.6
37.5
4C.1
40.6
40.2
29.3

43.0
41.1
40.6
38.5
40.9
43.1
42.0
43.3
43.5
43.2
42.4

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

52,067
6,248
3,705
1,490
2,215
48,362
6,868
41,494
24,936
15,089
1,470

1,429
278
164
37
127
1,265
334
930
607
257
66

4,244
2,315
1,859
1,226
633
2,384
79 9
1,585
499
454
631

46,394
3,655
1,682
227
1,455
44,713
5,735
38,979
23,830
14,378
773

27,963
2,548
1,201
1S1
1,011
26,763
3,687
23,078
13,707
8,8 59
512

18,431
1,107
481
36
444
17,950
2,048
15,901
10,123
5,519
261

41.7
32.1
26.4
2C.2
34.0
42.7
39.5
43.2
43.9
43. 1
30.9

44.4
42.3
41.7
39-2
42.1
44.5
43.4
44.7
45.0
44.3
43.0

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

39,846
6,036
3,655
1,502
2,153
36,191
6,187
30,005
18,279
10,689
1,036

1,649

9,617
2,654
2,082
1,295

1,6 05

7,535
1,147
6,388
3,647
2, 168

28,380
2,991
1,328
157
1, 171
27,05 1
4,701
22,352
13,875
8,053
424

22,321
2,525
1,146
132
1,015
21,173
3,8 15
17,361
10,711
6,336
312

6,059
466
182
25
156
5,878
886
4,991
3,164
1,717
112

34.6
28.2
24.8
17.7
29.7
35.6
35.3
35.7
36.0
36. 1
26.9

40.8
39.7
39.2
37.6
39.4
40.9
40.4
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.4

391
245
50
195

339

1,265
757
468
39

787

573

RACE

Males
Females

81,592
46,799
34,792

2,682
1,179
1,502

12,664
3,866
8,798

66,246
41,754
24,492

43,434
24,450
18,983

22,812
17,304
5,509

36.7
41.9
34.5

43.3
44.7
40.9

Black and other
Males
Females

10,321
5,267
5,054

598
251
347

1,197
378
819

8,526
4,638
3,888

6,850
3,512
3,338

1,676
1,126
550

37.6
39.6
35.6

41.4
42.3
40.2

Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

35,978
4,079
12,010

714
146
569

1,231
202
2,811

34,033
3,731
8,630

19,737
2,341
5,885

14,296
1,390
2,745

43.5
42. 1
35.9

44.9
44.1
42.8

Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . .
Single (never married)

22,305
7,509
10,031

992
376
481

5,549
1,082
2,987

15,764
6,051
6,563

12,649
4,4S9
5,171

3,115
1,552
1,392

34.5
37.3
32.7

40.5
41.3
40.9

Whitt

MARITAL STATUS




47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 30

Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

[Numbers in thousands]

December 19 79

Occupational group and stx
Total «t work

OiipwttinM
for

part t i n *
41 to 48

Total

49 hour,
ormort

Avaraga hours,

Average
hours, total
at work

workers on full-

92,506

3,318

13,969

75,219

50,515

10,248

14,456

38.6

40.5

White collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Cler cal workers

49,216
15,063
10,244
6,433
17,476

1,028
208
104
24 5
470

7,277
1,753
462
1,673
3,389

40,911
13,102
9,6 78
4,515
13,617

26,832
8,467
4,509
2,694
1 1 , 161

5,131
1,709
1,357
617
1,449

8,948
2,926
3,812
1,204
1,007

39-4
40.4
46.0
36.6
35.7

43.4
43.6
47.5
44. C
40.2

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

30,768
12,433
10,670
3,483
4, 182

1,484
438
547
164
335

2,348
477
676
336
859

26,936
9,447
2,983
2,988

18,187
7,500
6,762
1,686
2,238

4,318
1,912
1,542
467
3 97

4,431
2,106
1,143
830
353

40.0
41.4
39.7
41.9
34.9

42.8
43.1
41.9
45.6
41 .4

4,344
625
3,720

7,372
353
7,018

5 , 4 96
236
5,260

799
32
767

1,077
85
991

32.2
23.1
33.1

42.1
44.1
42.0

Total, 16 years and over

•.

Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

12,522
1,103
11,419

Males, 16 years and over

806
125
68 1

11,518

52,518

1,46 2

4,297

46,759

28,139

6,988

11,632

41.7

42.2

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

22,894
8,310
7,629
3,458
3,497

267
63
73
65
66

1,546
502
196
418
429

21,081
7,745
7,360
2,975
3,002

11,258
4,518
3,108
1,539
2,095

2,942
1,045
1,003
440
454

6,881
2,182

43.8
43.3
47.4
41.8
38.8

45.9
45.0
48.4
45.7
42.2

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

24,903
11,700
6, 397
3, 162
3,643

1,034
414
202
136
28 1

1,616
357
343
198
719

22,253
10,929
5,852
2,828
2,643

14,532
7,107
3,883
1,582
1,961

3,613
1,790
1,023
440
359

4,108
2,032
946

323

40.8
41.6
41.2
43.0
35.3

43.3
43.1
43.0
45.8
41 .5

161
2
16 1

1,135
17
1, 118

3,425
13
3,4 11

2,3^9
4
2,344

433
3
430

643
6
637

36.1
26.6
36.2

43.3
51.3
43.3

Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

4,721
32
4,690

Females, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

48




,

,

3,249
996
453

eoe

35,987

1,855

9,674

28,458

22,372

3,261

2,825

34.6

37.7

26,322
6,753
2,616
2,974
13,979

761
146
32
180
404

5,731
1,251
266
1,255
2,960

19,830
5,356
2,318
1,539
10,615

15,573
3,949
1#400
1, 155
9,067

2,190
664
354
176
995

2,067
743
564
208
553

35.6
36.7
41.8
30.6
34.9

40.8
41.4
44.6
40.9
39.6

5,865
732
4,272
321
539

450
23
34 5
28
54

733
121
334
138
140

7,800
1,071
6,730

644
125
520

4,682
588
3, 59 3
155
345

3,652
392
2,877
105
278

705
122
51S
27
37

325
74
197
23
30

36.6
37.7
37.3
31.2
32.3

40.5
42.2
40.2
42.2
40.4

3,210

3,94 6

608
2,602

3 38
3,608

3,147
231
2,917

366
28
337

433
79
354

29.9
23.0
31.0

41. 1
43.8
40.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands]

December 1979
Black and other

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population .

7,777

3,956

3,821

6,478

3,304

3,175

1 # 299

653

646

Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,296
1,09 4
78
1,015
202
15.6

656
538
65
473
118
18.0

640
556
13
542
84
13.1

1,208
1,043
78
965
165
13.7

606
509
65
444
97
16.0

602
534
13
521
68
11.3

89
51

50
29

38
22

50
33
42.7

29
21
(1)

21
17

Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons

6,481
46
6,346
3

3,300
9
3,232
3
56

3, 181
37
3,114

5,271
43
5, 158
3
67

2,698
8
2,644
3
43

2,573
34
2,515

30

24

1,210
4
1, 188

602
1
588

(D
608
3
599

13

19

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

December 1979
Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

CLASS OF WORKER
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers . . .
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture .
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers . . .
Unpaid family workers

1,094

538

556

1,015
93 0
344
57
529
8J
b
78
47
3
29

473
410
48
31
331
60
3
65
40
2
23

542
520
29 6
26
198
20
3
13
7

100.0
92.7
84.9
31.4
5.2
48.3
7. 3
.5
7.1
4.3
.3
2. 6

100.0
87.9
76.2
8.S
5.8
61.5
11.2
.6
12.1
7.4
.4
4.3

100.0
97.5
93.5
53.2
4.7
35.6
3.6
.5
2.3
1.3
1.1

OCCUPATION

1,094

533

556

100.0

1C0.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

317
13
4
217
83

192
7
4
157
24

125
6

29.0

22.5
1. 1

60
59

19.9

35.8
1.3
.7
29.2
4.5

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

143
11
33
6
92

125
10
22
6
86

19
2
11

13. 1
1. 0
3. 0
5
8. 4

23.3
US
4. 1
1.1
16.0

3.4
.4
2.0

567
323
244

167
22

400
301

51. 9
29. 6
22. 3

31.1
4.1

145

99

Total

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors




. ...
.

67
1
66

54

12

54

12

1. 2
4

7. 6

100.0

10.8
10.6

1. 1
71.9
54.1
17.8

27.C
6. 1
m1
6. 0

2.2
10. 1
2.2
10. 1

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1978

1979

Employment status

Feb.

Apr.

flay

July

Aug.

Sept.

NOV.

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population *
!
Armed Forces 1
;
Civilian noninstitutional population * . .
Civilian labor force
|
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

162,250 162,448 162,633 152,909 163,003 163,260 163,469 163,685 163,891 164,106 164,468 164,682 164,898
2,108
2,094
2,094
2,090
2,082
2,078
2,076
2,082
2,090
2,092
2,093
2,092
2,089
160,142 160,353 160,539 160,819 160,926 161,182 161,393 161,604 161,801 162,013 162,375 162,589 162,809
101,815 102,061 102,379 102,505 102,198 102,398 102,476 103,093 103,128 103,494 103,595 103,652 103,999
63.6
63.6
63.8
63.7
63.5
63.5
63.5
63.8
63.7
63.9
63.8
63.6
63.9
95,831 96,157
96,496
96,623 96,254 96,495 96,652 97,184 97,004 97,504 97,474 97,608 97,912
59. 1
59.2
59.3
59.3
59.0
59.1
59.1
59.4
59.2
59.4
59.3
59.3
59.4
3,375
3,260
3,307 < 3,320 3,215
3,246
3,24 3
3,267
3,315
3,364
3,294
3,335
3,359
92,456 92,897 93,189 93,303 93,039 93,249 93,409 93,917 93,689 94,140 94,160 94,223 94,553
5,984
5,S04
5,883
5,882
5,944
5,903
5,824
5,909
6, 124
5,99 0
6,121
6,04 4
6,087
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.9
58,327
58,292 58,160 58,314 53,728 58,784 58,917 58,511 58,673 58,519 58,780 58,937 58,810

Males. 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ! . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

69,288

69,385

67,600
54,059
80.0

67,726
54,191
80.0
52,024
75.0
2,303
49,721
2,167
4.0
13,535

51,861
74.8
2,387

49,47 4
2,198
4.1
13,541

69,476
67,816

69,612
67,939

54,349

54,315

80. 1
52,211
75.1
2,329

49,882
2,138
3.9
13,467

69,663
67,997
54,239

79.9

79.8

52,151

52,049
74.7
2,295
49,754

74.9
2,350
45,801
2,164
4.0
13,624

69,787
68,123
54,288
79.7
52,158
74.7
2,301

49,857

2,190
4.0
13,758

13,835

76.645
76,532

76,782
76,670

38,415
50.2
36,216
47.3
572
35,644
2, 199
5.7
38,117

38,619
50.4

2,130

3.9

69,889
68,227
54,370

79.7
52,201
74.7
2,305
49,896
2,169
4.0
13,857

69,995

70,099

68,319

66,417

54,579
79.9
52,325

54,597
79.8
74.6
2,375
49,936

70,205
68,522
54,735
79.9
52,453
74.7
2,377
50,076

2,286
4.2
13,820

2,282
4.2
13,787

77,014

77,127

76,897
39,033
50.8
36,873
47.9

77,006
39,304

77,245
77,124
39,239
50.9
37,075
43.0

74.8
2,327
49,998
2,254
4. 1
13,740

52,3 11

70,380
68,697
54,760
79.7
52,443
74.5
2,371
50,072
2,311
4.2
13,937

70,487
68,804

70,594
68,940

54,709

54,781
79.5
52,478
74.3
2,427
50,051
2,303
4.2
14,159

79.5
52,374
74.3
2,438

49,936
2,335
4.3
14,09 5

Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population l
Civilian noninstitutional population * . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

76,227

76,337

76,119

76,228
38,207

38,156
50.1

37,963

50.1
36,012
47.2
596
35,416
2,195
5.7
38,021

16,734
16,422

16,725
16,400

9,600
58.5
8,026
48.0
390

9,663
58.9

35,944
47.2
598
35,346
2,212
5.8

76,440
76,332
38,399
50.3
36,197
47.4

76,589
76,476
38,574
50.4
36,362
47.5

5 93
595
35,604 35,767
2,202
2,212
5.7
5.7
37,933 37,902

36,411
47.4
577
35,834
2,208
5.7
38,051

76,896
76,784
38,653
50.3
36,457
47.4
583
35,874
2,196
5.7
38, 131

51.0
37,000
48.0
600

585
36,288
2,160
5.5
37,864

36,400
2,304
5.9
37,702

16,677

16,665

16,387
9,481

16,377
S,227

57.9
7,986
47.9
355

56.3
7,693
46.2
340
7,353

628
36,447
2,164
5.5
37,885

77,429
77,308

77,547
77,426

39,362
50.S

39,445

37, 112

37,248
43.0
612

47.9
572
36,540
2,250
5.7
37,946

50.9

36,636
2, 197
5.6
37,981

77,666
77,542
39,659
51.1
37,402
48.2
582
36,820
2,257
5.7
37,883

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population l
Civilian noninstitutional population ! . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

The p o p u l a t i o n and A r m e d
iriations.




7,636
1,574
16.4

6,822

8,121
4d.6
361
7,760
1,542
16.0
6,737

16,717
16,391
9,631
58.8
8,088
48.4
385
7,703
1,543
16.0
6,760

16,709
16,404

16,700
16,397

9,616
58.6

9,544
58.2
7,989
47.8
348

8,110
48.5
375
7,735
1,506
15.7
6,788

Forces figures are n o t adjusted f o r seasonal

7,641
1,555
16.3
6,853

16,692
16,389
9,491

57.9
7,926
47.5
368
7,558
1,565
16.5
6,898

16,684
16,381

9,453
57.7
7,994

47.9
355
7,639
1,459
15. 4

7,631
1,495
15.8

6,928

6,906

16,655
16,367
9,520
58.2

7,976
47.9
359

16.6

7,617
1,544
16.2

7,150

6,847

1,534

16,659
16,370

16,648
16,360

9,473

9,498

57.9
7,91S
47.5
351
7,568
1,554
16.4
6,897

58. 1

7,986
48.0
335
7,651
1,512
15.9

6,862

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A-42 will not necessarily
add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

16,638

16,326
9,559
58.6
8,032
48.3
350

7,682
1,527

16.0
6,767

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousand*)

1978
Full- and part-timt employment

Dec.

Jan.

Apr.

Feb.

July

May

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

FULL TIME
Total. 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

86,697 86,953 87,264 87,408 87,412 87,397 8 7 , 5 0 1 87,749 87,685 88, 134 88,394 88,469 88,576
82,088 82,439 82,699 82,869 82,775 82,864 82,986 83,132 82,958 83,419 83,598 83,699 83,785
4,6 09 4,514 4,565 4, 539 4,637 4,533 4 , 5 1 5 4,617 4#727 4,715 4,796 4,77G 4,791
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4

PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,074
13,696
1,378
9.1

15,121 15,147 15,024 14,806 14,962 15,064 15,448 15,535 15,275 15,165 15,158 15,411
13,748 13,810 13,673 13,515 13,573 13,762 14,161 14,163 13,987 13,822 13,906 14, 102
1,373 1,337 1,351 1,291 1,389 1,302
1,287 1,372 1,288 1,343
1,252 1,309
9.1
8.8
9.0
8.7
9.3
8.6
8.3
£.4
8.9
8.3
8.5

NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands]

1978

1979

Characteristics

Dec.

Total. 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males. 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

flay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

8 9 , 6 6 8 0 9 , 9 7 3 90,250 90,260 89,996 90,120 90,215 90,659 90,759 9 1 , 0 8 2 91,147 91,242 91,579
85,069 8 5 , 4 3 4 85,786 85,754 85,497 85,632 85,775 86,120 85,976 8 6 , 4 2 5 86,454 66,571 86,894
4,599 4,539 4,464 4,506 4,499 4,488 4 , 4 40 4,539 4,783 4 , 6 5 7 4,6S3 4,671 4,685
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1

48,202 48,387 48,545 4b,460 4 8 , 4 0 0 48,421 48,525 48,634 48,646 48,727 48,752 48,754 48,811
46,496 46,686 46,908 46,789 46,721 46,797 4 6 , 8 3 1 46,873 46,833 46,92C 46,S48 46,939 47,025
1,706 1,701
1,637 1,671 1,679 1,624
1,694
1,813
1,761
1,604 1,815 1,786
1 , 607
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
32,928 32,966 33,1b1 33, 238 33,122 33,286 33,288 33,604 33,879 33,858 33,946 33 ,979 34,205
31,244 31,320 31,489 31,569 31,479 31,617 31,649 31,986 32,126 32,223 32,249 32,310 32,492
1,684 1,646 1,662 1,669 1,643
1,669
1,618 1,753 1, 635 1,697 1,669 1,713
1,639
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.G
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.9
4.8
5.2
5.0
5.0
8,538
7,329
1,209
14.2

8,620
7,42 8
1,192
13.8

8,554
7,389
1,165
13.6

8,562
7,396
1,166
13.6

8,474
7,297
1,177
13.9

8,413
7,218
1, 195
14.2

8,402
7,295
1 , 107
13.2

8,421
7,261
1,160
13.8

8,234
7,017
1,217
14.8

8,497
7,282

8,449
7,257

1, 215
14.3

1,1S2
14.1

8,509
7,322
1,187
13.9

8,563
7,377
1,186
13.9

BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,141 12, 10 1 12, 177 12,238 12,191 12,219 12,260 12,386 12,343 12,404 12,512 12,391 12,432
10,752 10,736 10,746 10,860 10,7 67 10,816 10,887 11,023 10,982 11,063 11,C76 11,044 11,024
1,389 1,365 1,431 1,378 1,424 1,403
1,373
1,363 1,361 1,341
1,436 1,347
1,4 08
11.3
11.8
11.4
11.7
11.3
11.5
11.2
11.0
10.9
10.8
11.0
11.5
11,3
5,845
5,357
488
8.3

5,809
5,343
466
8.0

5,830
5,327
503
6.6

5, 852
5,340
512
8.7

5,823
5,324
499
8.6

5,847
5,358
489
8.4

5,889

5,231
4,699
532
10.2

5,239
4,687
552
10.5

5,2 60
4,711
549
10.4

5,333
4,799
534

5,309
4,779
530

5,357
4,799
558

10.0

5,296
4,739
557
10.5

10.0

10.4

1,065
696
3 69

1,053
706
34 7
33.0

1,08 7
708
379

1,053
721
332
31.5

1,072
704
368
34-3

1,063
679
384
36.1

1,014

34.6

34.9

5,414
475
8.1

674
340
33.5

5,961
5,463
4S8
8.4

5,956

5,989

5,471
485
8. 1

5,510
479
8.C

5,398
4,857
541
10.0

5,395
4,842
553

5,388
4,858
530
9.8

5,476 5,455
4,S20 4,937
518
556
9.5
10.2

1,027
703
324
31.5

992
669
323
32.6

1,027
69 5
332

1,033 1,009
678
670
331
363
3 5.1
32.8

10.3

32.3

6,003
5,466
517
8.b

5,927
5,429
498
8.4

5,954
5,439
515
8.6
5,467

4,921
546
10.0
1,011
664
34 7
34.3

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.




51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]

1978

1979

Selected categories

Feb.

Jan.

Apr.

Mar.

July

May

Aug.

Sept. Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

CHARACTERISTICS

5.9
4. 1
5.8
16.4

5.8
4.0
5.7
16.0

5.7
3.9
5.7
16.0

5.7
4.0
5.7
15.7

5.8
4.0
5.7
16.3

5.8
3.9
5.7
16.5

5.7
4.0
5.7
15.4

5.7
4.1
5.5
15.8

5.9
4.2
5.9
16.6

5.9
4.2
5.7
16.2 16.4

5.8
4.3
5.6
15.9

5.9
4.2
5.7
16.0

5.1
11.4

5.0
11.3

4.9
11.8

5.0
11.3

5.0
11.7

5.0
11.5

4.9
11.2

5.0
11.0

5.3
11.0

5.1 5.1
10.8 11.5

5.1
10.9

5.1
11.3

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families

2.6
5.5
7.9

2.6
5.3
8.0

2.6
5.3
8.3

2.6
5.2
8.2

2.7
5.2
8.3

2.5
5.2
8.6

2.7
5.1
9.0

2.8
4.9
8.1

2.9
5.3
7.9

2.9
4.8
7.7

2.9
5.2

e.4

2.9
4.8
8.4

2.8
5.0
8.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost 2

5.3
9.1
1.2
6.3

5.2
9.1
1.2

5.2
9.0
1.3
6-2

5.3
8.7
1.2
6.4

5.2
9.3
1.2
6.3

5.2
8.6
1. 1
6.3

5.3
8.3
1.0

6.2

5.2
8.8
1.2
6.2

6.4

5.4
8.8
1.1
6.4

5.3
8.4
1.1
6-2

5.4
8.9
1.2
6.4

5.4
8.3
1.1
6.4

5.4
8.5
1.2
6.4

3.5
3.0
1.9
3.7
4.7
6.7
4.6
7.8
5.3
10.4
7.7
3.3

3.4
2.5
2.0
4.0
4.7
6.5
4.4
7.8
5.0
9.7
7.7
2.9

3.4
2.4
2.0
4.2
4.7
6.5
4.5
7.8
5.0
9.7
7.3
3.4

3.3
2.2
2.1
4.1
4.8
6.6
4.5
7.8
5.2
10.2
7.3
3.3

3.3
2.3
2.3
4.0
4.5
6.9
4.4
8.5
5.9
10.6
7.3
3.4

3.2
2.1
2.2
4.0
4.5
6.8
4.2
8.2
5.4
11.1
7.2
3.6

3.4
2.5
2.1
4.4
4.6
6.6
4.3
7.7
5.7
10.6
7.2
3.2

3.3
2.5
2.0
3.5
4.5
6.8
4.4
8.3
5.1
11.0
7.1
4.2

3.5
2.5
2.3
4.0
4.9
7.3
4.7
8.9
6.2
11.3
7.1
3.9

3.3 3.4
2.4 2.7
2.2 2.2
3.8
3.8
4.5 4.7
7.1 7.2
4.3 4.6
9.0 9.1
6.1 5.6
11.0 10.7
6.7 6.6
4.1 4.3

3.2
2.4
1.9
3.7
4.4
7.5
4.9
9.0
5.2
12.2
6.6
4.5

3.3
2.3
2.0
3.8
4.6
7.2
4.4
9.0
5.0
12.2
6.6
4.3

5.8
11.4
5.1
4.4
6.1
3.3
6.9
5. 1
3.9
8.0

5.7
10.3
5.1
4.4
6.1
3.5
6.6
5.1
3.9
7.5

5.6
10.9
4.9
4.2
5.9
3-2
6.5
4.8
3.8
8.6

5.6
10.1
5.2
4.4
6.4
3.9
6.3
4.8
4.1
8.0

5.7
10.5
5.3
4.7
6.3
3.0
6.6
4.8
3.7
8,7

5.7
10.0
5.4
4.4
6.9
3.6
6.4
4.9
3.6
9.3

5.6
10.0

5.7
6.0
5.8
10.0 10. 1 9.6
5.7
5.9
6.C
5.4
5.4
5.3
6.2
6.8
7.1
3.Q 3.7
4.0
6.3
6.5
6.4
4.9
5.2
4.7
3.6
3.7
3.3
9.7
9.S 10.0

5.8
10.2
5.9
5.6
6.3
4.2
6.5
4.6
3.6
10.1

5.8
10.3
5.9
5.5
6.4
4.1
6.4
4.7
3.6
9.4

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Black and other

5.8
4.2
5.5

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultuial private wage and salary workers 3 . . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.

2

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons

c;

4.

6.
3.
6.
4.
3.6
7.8

5.9
9.9
6.0
5.5
6.8
3.8
6.4
4.9
4.0
9.9

as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

Includes mining, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

A-37.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers In thousands]

1978

1979

Weeks of unemployment

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

2,623
1,919
1,212
687
705
536*
507

2,880
1,808
1, 152

2,820
1,934
1,067
615
452

3,168

2,778
2, C35
1,152

2,955
1,963

644
508

1,195
676
517

2,919
1,869
1,191
660
531

2,916
1,966
1,230
711
519

DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

2,858
1,9 37
1,217
732
485

2,751
1,831
1,22S
708
521

2,779

2,769

2,876

1,877
1,239
700
539

1,860
1, 291

1,884
1,223

10.6
5.5

11.2
5.8

11.3
5.9

1 1.8
5.8

11.0
5.4

10.9
5.6

10.5
5.6

10.1
6.0

10.7
4.9

10.7
5.8

10.5
5.5

10.6
5.3

10.5
5.5

100.0
47.5
32.2
20.2
12.2

100.0
46.9
32. 1
21.C
12.1

100.0
47.1
31.8
21.0
11.9
S. 1

100.0
46.6
31.4
21.8
12.3
9.5

100.0
48. 1
31.5
20.4
11.5
9.0

100.0
47.4
32.2
20.4
11.8
8.5

100.0
49.3
31.0
19.7
11.2
8.5

100.0
46.4
33.2
18.3
10.6
7.8

100.0
52.0
28.5
19.5
10.8
8.7

100.0
46.6
34.1
19.3
10.8
€.5

100.0
46.3
32.1
19.5
11.1
8.5

100.0
48.8
31.3
19.9
11.0
8.9

100.0
47.7
32.2
20.1
11.6
6.5

729
562

656
496

1,738
1,185

658
527

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over

15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

52



HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38.

Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

1S78

1979

Dec.

Total, 16 years and over,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

July

Sept.

Aug.

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.8

5.8

16.0
18.6
13.8
8.7

15.7
18.5
13.5
8.8

16.3
18.7
14.3

16.5
18.9
15.0

4. 1
3.0

16.0
18.5
14.3
8.6
3.9
4.1
3.0

8.6
4.0
4.2

8.9
3.9
4.0

3. 1

3.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5. 1

5.0

4.9

5.1

5.2

16.2
19.2
13.7

2.6

15.8
18.9
13.6
8.3
3.2
3.3
2.8

16.0

8.4
3.2
3.3
2.9

16.1
19.2
14.2
8.1
3.2
3.3
2.8

14.1
8.0
3.3
3.3
3.0

16.1
18.9
14.0
8.2
3. 1
3.2
2.8

14.5
16.6
14.C
8.2
3. 2
3.2
3.1

15.4
16.1
14.8
8.8
3.3
3.4
3.3

16.3
18.0
15. 1
8.8
3.4
3.5
3. 1

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.6

7.0

16.2
19.4
14.2

15.7
17.fi
14.0
9.1
5.0
5.4
3.2

15.9
17.7
14.5
9.3
5.0
5.4
3.3

15.5
18.0
13.3
9.5

16.6
19.6
14.5

16.9
18.8
16.0

16.5
18.3
14.9

16.2
18.6
14.2

17.0
19.0
15.7

.9.4
4.9
5.3
3.2

9.7
4.9
5.2
3.6

9.7
4.6
5.2
2.8

9.4
4.7
5.0

9.6
4.S
5.3
3.2

3.9

16.5
19.9
13.8
8.6
3.2
3.4

Females, 16 years and o\

June

May

5.9

5. 1

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Mar. Apr.

16.4
19.6
14.0
9.0
3.9
4.2
2.9

Milts, 16 years and over.

Feb.

9.5
5.0
5.4
3.3

3.9

4. 1
3.1

4.9
5. 3
3.6

17.9

5.7

5.7

5.9

15.4 15.8
17.5 17.3
14.4 14.5
9.1
8.9
3. S
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.2
2.9

16.6
18.5
15.4

5.8

5.9

5.8

16.4
16.9 18-4
15.6 15.0
9.2 9 . 6
3.S 4.C
4.1 4.2
2.9
3.0

15.9
17.3
14.7
8.8
4.0
4.3
2.7

16.0
18.0
14.5
9.8
3.8
4.1
2.7

5.2

5.2

5.2

16.1 15.7
16.7 17.1
15.3 14.4

15.8
17.8

15.6
17.9

16.2

9.3
4.0
4.2

3.1

3.1

5.2

14.0
8.4
3.5
3.8

2.8

2.6

13.6
9.4
3.2
3.4
2.6

6.9

6.6

6.8

16.4 17.2
17.2 19.8
15.9 15.6
9.6
9.7
4.6
4.S
5.0
5.2
2.9
3.4

16.1
16.7
15.5
9.3
4.7
5.0

16.4
18.0
15.5
10.2
4.7
5.1

2.9

2.9

3.3
3.6
2.8
6.6

9.5
3.4
3.5

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

A - 3 9 . Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
tNumbers in thousands]

1978

1979

Reason for unemploynr

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Hay

July

Aug.

2,526
797
1,729
846

2,680
915

2,632
655

1,762
726

1,765
875
1,788
745

1,777
825
1,760
601

100.0
43.1
13.6
29.5
14.4
30.1
12.4

100.0
44.0
15.0
29.0
14.4
29.4
12.2

2.5
.8
1.7
.7

2.6
.8

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

2,731
S29
1,802
835

2,72 9
987

1,762
6C4

1,698
736

2,728
944
1,784
800
1,771
858

100.0
43.7
14.2
29.5
13.7
2S.2
13.3

100.0
44.5
15.2
29.4
13.6
26.7
13.1

100.0
45.4
16.4
29.0
14.1
28.3
12.3

100.0
44.3
15.3
29-0
13.0
28.8
13.9

2.5
.8
1.7

2.6
.6

2.6
.8

2.6
.8

1.7
.8

1.6
.7

1.7
.8

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,443
735
1,708
9 12
1,904
826

2,441
752
1,689
900
1,721
824

2 , 4 75
779

2,457
791
1,666
864
1,766
808

2,520
8 39
1,681
847
1,778
800

2,356
940
1,767
8 24

2,449
816
1,633
857
1,753
781

100.0
40.1
12.1
28.1
15.0
31.3
13.6

100.0
41.5
12.8
28.7
15.3
29.2
14.0

100.0 100.0
41.8
41.7
13. 1
13.4
28.6
28.3
14.0
14.7
29.8
30.0
14.5
13.7

100.0
42.4
14.1
28.3
14\2
29.9
13.5

100.0
40.0
12.3
27.7
16.0
30.0
14.0

100.0
41.9
14.0
28.0
14.7
30.0
13.4

2.4
.9

2.4
.9

2.5

1.9

1.7
.8

2.3
.9

1.7
.8

1.7

1,696
828
1,766
858

7 25
1,631

1,742
845

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.4
.8
1.7

2.4
.8
1.7
.8

2.4

1.7
.8

1.7
.7

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.




53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1978

1979

Sex and age

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr,

Total, 16 years and
over

95,831

96,157

96,496

96,623

96,254

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
2Q to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

8,026
3,292
4,728
13,771
74,010
59,698
14,324

8,121
3,336
4,802
13,843
74,208
59,823

8,110
3,320
4,781
13,914
74,575
60,236
14,364

7,989
3,275
4,723
13,937
74,296
60,092

14,360

8,088
3,345
4,747
13,943
74,465
60,070
14,393

Males, 16 years and
over

56,087

56,326

56,476

4,226
1,745
2,483
7,451
44,39 3
35,539
8,857

4,302
1,785
2,524
7,524
44,519
35,648
8, 870

4,265
1,777
2,479
7,568
44,640
35,760
8,868

39,744

39,831

3,800
1,547
2,245
6 # 320
29,617
24,159
5,467

3,8 19
1,551
2,278
6,319
29,689
24,175
5,490

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . . . .
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

June

July

Aug.

Sept,

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

96,495

96,652

97,184

97,004

97,504

97,474

97,608

97,912

14,241

7,926
3,212
4,699
13,867
74,711
6013.31
14,311

7,994
3,252
4,704
13,859
74,864
60,552
14,305

7,986
3,242
4,725
13,910
75,290
60,986
14,304

7,693
3,048
4,623
13,849
75,436
61,082
14,399

7,976
3,335
4,665
13,949
75,616
61,208
14,381

7,91S
3,251
4,674
13,675
75,726
61,3C2
14,417

7,986
3,315
4,694
13,920
75,650
61,281
14,368

8,032
3,320
4,717
13,837
76,030
61,686
14,350

56,449

56,294

56,372

56,477

56,570

56,408

56,714

56,629 56,580

56,734

4,298

4,214
1,745
2,470
7,519
44,658
35,857
8,802

4,276

44,636
35,828
8,840

4,245
1,774
2,473
7,593
44,4 18
35,701
8,746

2,489
7,530
44,681
35,921
8,767

4,245
1,743
2,485
7,510
44,806
36,020
8,789

4,097
1,632
2,445
7,498
44,818
35,962
8,831

4,261
1,339
2,452
7,590
44,912
36,052
8,844

4,206
4,186
1,755
1,758
2,462
2,430
7,533
7,531
44,924 44,796
36,100 36,020
6,782
8,79:

4,256
1,783
2,477
7,498
44,966
36,206
8,759

40,020

40,174

39,960

40,123

40,175

40,614

40,596

40,790

40,845 41,028

41,178

3,823
1,568
2,268
6,375
29,825
24,310
5,525

3,812
1,536
2,272
6,395
29,9 39
24,408
5,524

3,744
1,501
2,250
6,344
29,878
24,391
5,495

3,712
1,467
2,229
6,348
30,053
24,474
5,509

3,718
1,498
2,215
6,329
30,183
24,631
5,538

3,741
1,499
2,240
6,400
30,484
24,966
5,515

3,596
1,416
2,178
6,351
30,618
25,120
5,568

3,715
1,496
2,213
6,3 59
30,704
25,156
5,537

3,780
3,733
1,493
1,560
2,232
2,244
6,344 6,387
30,804 30,854
25,202 25,261
5,624 5,586

3,776
1,537
2,240
6,339
31,064
25,480
5,591

1,784

2,509
7,519

May

1,754

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands]

1978

1979

Sex and age

Dec.
Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . .
Males. 16 years and
•over . . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
°5 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . .
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years . . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .

Jan.

Feb.




Apr.

Hay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec*

5,984

5,904

5,883

5,882

5,944

5,903

5,824

5,909

6, 124

5,990

6,121

6,044

6,087

1,574

1,542

1,543

1,506

1,565

1,459

1,495

1,534

805
770

761
771

759
794

754
745

1,555
7 54

1,544

747
829

690
791

676
803

690
841

1,364
3,C29
2,618

1,322
3,032
2,590

1,315
3,021
2,581

1,346
3,025
2,572

1,316
3,071
2,606

1,355
2,997
2,520

1,359
3,005
2,562

1,415
3,155
2,697

1,413
3,036
2,647

442

460

456

465

434

1,386
3,041
2 f 567

680
860

478

467

422

1,554
732
825
1,470
3,140
2,698
449

1,512
692
811
1,346
3 , 168
2,744
40 3

1,527

790

2,958

2,972

2,999

2,941

2,893

3,027

3,083

3,098

3,098

3,124

3,089

808
416
395
678

809
387

811
407
403
674

724
355
404
682

773
334
431
723

797
358
436
724

816
370
442
734

789
380
402
692
1,642
1,405
237

786
390
391
782

424

444

3,035

2,997

837
433
397
700

830
425
401
686

820 .

728
802

1,505
3,040
2,650
400

1,525
1,237
2 72

1,451
1,173

1,483
1,201

251

1,479
1,219
2 53

1,531
1,252

1,575
1,299

1,552
1,327

258

276

302

283

254

781
363
410
78S
1,565
1,322
254

2,907

2,925

2,910

2,945

2,962

2,931

2,882

3,041

2,892

3,023

2,920

2,998

737
372

712
336

746
367

37 3

3 70

698
338
350
668

657

754
340
426
681

735
335
387
677

1,546
1,353
207

1,546
1,369
184

1,546
1,347
207

722
342
372
663

737
332
405
691

1,522
1,361
158

728
310
418
679

1,510
1,315
176

1,580
1,398
184

1,484
1,320
166

773
36S
415
681
1,575
1,37€
1S5

723
312
409
654
1,526
1,339
166

741
338
411
723

422
410
664

1,479
1,219

1,463
1,206

240

262

2,949

1,48 1
1,248

664

636

723
337
384
651

1,548
1,370
184

1,553
1,371
182

1,558
1,375
191

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

54

Mar.

4 07
659

3 83

1 # 505
1,282
231

1,535
1,368
169

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social end economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1978

19 79

Feb.

Apr.

flay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present

95,831 96,157 96,496 96,623 9 6 , 2 5 4 96,495 96,652 97,1€4 97,004 9 7 , 5 0 4 57,474 97,608 97,912
39,030 39,139 39,291 39,193 38,910 39,045 39,079 39,176 39,180 3 9 , 1 9 6 39,124 38,845 38,924
22,284 22,372 22,522 22,605 2 2 , 3 7 6 22,547 22,664 2 2 , 9 0 8 22,869 2 2 , 5 3 7 22,919 22,940 23,027

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

48,108 48,303 48,836 48,996 4 9 , 0 6 1 49,136 49,192 49,536 49,663 4 9 , 8 1 6 49,738 49,912 4 9 , 9 1 1
14,645 14,734 14,950 15,012 15,091 1 5, 1 00 15,010 15,057 15,068 1 5 , 1 4 1 15,057 15,131 15,272
10,284
6,058
17,121
31,966
12,666
10,868

10,312
6,048
17,209
32,290
12,807
10,958

10,379
6,090
17,417
32,176
12,898
10,90 1

10,392
6,055
17,537
32,041
12,792
10,991

10,398
6,084
17,488
31,705
12,703
10,770

10,427 10,534 10,612
6, 103 6, 163
6,101
17,508 17,545 17,704
31,904 31,992 3 2 , 0 5 1
12,820 12,944 12,876
10,755 10,804 10,864

10,698
6,145
17,752
31,849
12,761
10,909

10,65 9
6, 181
17,835
32,209
12,993
10,964

10,639
6,261
17,781
32,205
13,CC1
10,967

10,617
6,362
17,802
32,110
12,925
10,963

10,535
6,346
17,758
32,302
13,041
11,042

3,613 3,651 3,6 02 3,569 3,564 3,644 3,605 3,627 3,604 3 , 6 1 7 3,593 3,628 3,635
4,819 4,874 4 , 7 7 5 4,689 4 , 6 6 8 4,685 4,639 4 , 6 6 4 4,575 4 , 6 3 5 4,644 4,594 4,584
12,942 12,817 12,804 12,847 12,907 12,772 12,805 12,7£6 12,621 12,859 12,937 12,899 12,970
2,802 2,764 2,746 2,774 2,659 2,628 2,679 2,678 2 , 7 0 7 2,722 2,695 2,718 2,694

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,447
1,608
312

Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

85,461
15,326
70,135
1,302
68,833
6,506
469

1,387
1,564
29 5
6 6 , 029
1 5 , 251
7 0 , 778
I f 247
6 9 , 531
6 , 497
475

1,425
1,558
334

1,415
1,583
314

8 6 , 192
1 5 , 322
7 0 , 870
1. 328
6 9 , 542
6 , 591
455

86,439
15,231
71,158
1, 262
69,696
6,542
446

1,379
1,553
291

1,423
1,539
291

1,419
1,558
291

1,384
1,614
310

1,399
1,642
325

1,381
1,602
313

86 ,105 8 6 , 232 8 6 , 3 0 9
15 ,359 1 5 , 616 15,318
70 , 7 4 6 7 0 , 616 7 0 , 9 9 1
1, 1 7 2
1,235
1 , 195
6 9 r574 6 9 , 421 6 9 , 7 5 6
6 ,463
6,629
6 , 608
465
460
474

86,454
15,393
71,C£1
1,219
69,842
6,752
519

86,421
15,279
71,142
1,211
69,931
6,689
450

86,912
15,407
71,505
1,313
7 0 , 192
6, 731
449

86,982
15,423
71,559
1,261
70,298

1,424
1,519
2 83

1,475
1,622
310

1,451
1,596
310

87,020
15,358
71,662
1,211
70,451
6,612 6,781
430
417

87,384
15,397
71,987
1,228
70,759

6,737
409

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons
Usually work full-time
Usually work part-time
Part time for noneconomic
reasons

87,050 8 7 , 5 2 0 87,543 87,847 86 ,608 8 7 , 785 8 7 , 7 4 9 88 , 7 6 9 88 , 8 5 5 88,723 8 8 , 6 3 8 88 , 6 1 7 89 ,180
7 1 , 9 0 3 7 2 , 1 7 6 72,212 72, 529 7 1 , 6 5 9 7 2 , 4 96 72,243 72 ,915 73 ,053 73, 159 73,204 72 , 9 9 7 73 ,137
3,082
3, 211 3 , 2 7 9
3,20 3 3, 176
3,284
3 ,274
3 , 283
3 ,2 98 3,167
3,315
3 ,392
3 ,519
1,2C2
1,246 1,254 1 ,287 1 , 273
1,252
1, 3 3 4
1, 4 0 1
1,322
1,354
1,273
1 ,413
1,491
1,880
1*930 1,957 1 ,992 2 , 010
1,951
1,940
1, 8 9 7
1,962
1
1,694
,979
1,S61
2 ,028
12,065

12,141 12,155

12, 107 11,670 12,006 12,222

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




12,580 12,504 12,397 12,119

12,228 12,524

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Civilian labor fores
Civilian
Percent

tutional

of

Dec.
1S78

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1S78

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

8,446
653

8,560
459

8,03b
5,89

8,121
416

7,638
489

7,787
371

398
100

334
45

5.0
17.0

4.1
10.8

7,018
2,148
3,535
1,335
775

7,196
1,846
3,623
1,727
905

6,776
2,059
3,423
1,294
671

6,926
1,741
3,519
1,666
779

6,506
1,941
3,309
1,256
643

6,656
1,626
3,421
1,609
760

270
118
114
38
28

270
115
98
57
19

4.0
5.7
3.3
2.9
4.2

3.9
•6.6
2.8
3.4
2.4

14,087
6,379
4,042
3,666

14,998
6,860
4,340
3,798

13,430
6,03b
3,883
3,511

14,268
6,489
4,154
3,625

12,894
5,727
3,759
3,408

13,675
6,210
3,968
3,497

536
309
124
103

593
279
186
128

4.0
5. 1
3.2
2.S

4.2
4.3
4.5
3.5

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1978

Dec.
1979

VETERANS 1
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years

35 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years

1

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1964 and May 1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
3

56




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted

[Number* in thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1S79

Emptoyimnt status

IV

II

III

IV

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population!
Armed forces 1
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

156,990 157,582 158,223 158,89b 159,531 160,126 160,715 161,355 162,037 162,663 163,260 163,894 164,682
2,147
2,136
2,130
2,135
2,132
2,122
2,110
2,093
2,120
2, 115
2,079
2,038
2,091
154,843 155,446 156,094 156,764 157,399 158,004 158,605 159,235 159,922 160,570 161,181 161,806 162,591
95,624 96,152 97,135 97,638 93,584 99,136 100,173 100,777 101,538 102,315 102,357 103,238 103,749
61.8
61.9
62.2
62.3
62.7
62.6
63.2
63.3
63.5
63.7
63.5
63.8
63.8
88,242 88,974 90,188 90,913 92,108 92,954 94,145 94,734 9 5,653 96,425 96,467 97,231 97,665
56.5
56.2
57.0
57.2
58.1
57.7
58.6
58.7
59.0
59.3
59.1
59.3
59.3
3,166
3,246
3,318
3, 195
3,324
3,291
3,336
3,367
3,331
3,296
3,235
3,315
3,346
84,995 85,808 86,869 67,718 88,817 89,630 90,809 91,367 92,323 93,130 93,22
93,915 94,319
7,178
7,382
6,948
6,726
fc,476
6,182
6,028
6,043
5,885
5,890
5,890
6,008
6,084
7.7
7.5
7.2
6.9
6.6
6.2
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.9

M u t t , 20 ywifs •od ovtf
Total noninstitutional population *
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
."
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

66,711
65,014
51,928
79.9
48,826
73.2
2,290
46,536
3,102
6.0

67,023
65,338
52,059
79.7
49,100
73.3
2,260
46,840
2,959
5.7

67,321
65,635
52,293
79.7
49,522
73.6
2,338
47,184
2,770
5.3

67,641
65,949
52,487
79.6
49,878
73.7
2,300
47,578
2,609
5.0

67,951
66,261
52,938
79.9
50,445
74.2
2,3 26
48,1 19
2,493
4.7

68,238
66,556
53,090
79.8
50,698
74.3
2,341
48,357
2,392
4.5

68, 52 0
66,844
53,374
79.8
51,133
74.6
2,360
48,773
2,24 1
4. 2

68,831
67,134
53,465
79.6
51,282
74.5
2,382
48,901
2,182
4. 1

69,184
67,489
53,886
79.8
51,737
74.8
2,353
49,383
2, 149
4.0

69,49 1
67,827
54,285
80.0
52,129
75.0
2,327
49,801
2,156
4.0

69,786
68,123
54,299
79.7
52,136
74.7
2,300
49,836
2,163
4.0

70, 100
68,419
54,637
79.9
52,363
74.7
2,360
50,003
2,274
4.2

73,468
73,378
34 ,739
47.3
32,161
43.8
2,578
7.4

73,746
73,653
35,024
47.6
32,490
44.1
2,534
7.2

74,079
73,984
35,581
48. 1
33,092
44.7
2,488
7.0

74,429
74,331
35,834
48.2
33,361
44.8
2,473
6.9

74,770
74,671
36,276
48.6
33,841
45.3
2,435
6.7

75,094
74,994
36,687
48.9
34,484
45.9
2,204
6.0

75,413
75,310
37,265
49.5
35,002
46.4
2,263
6. 1

75,756
75,649
37,657
49.8
35,362
46.7
2,295
6.1

76,112
76,003
38,041
50.1
35,863
47.1
2, 178
5.7

76,455
76,345
38,393
50.3
36,190
47.3
2,2 03
5.7

76,782
76,670
38,562
50.3
36,361
47.4
2,201
5.7

77, 129 77,547
77,00 9 77,425
39,192 39,489
50.9
51.0
36,983 37,254
47.9
48.0
2,209
2,235
5.6
5.7

16,812
16,451
8,957
54.4
7,255
43*2
1,702
19.0

16,813
16,454
9,069
55. 1
7,384
43.9
1,685
18.6

16,823
16,475
9,262
56.2
7,573
45.0
1,689
18.2

16,828
16,484
9,317
56.5
7,674
45.6
1,64 3
17.6

16,810
16,468
9,370
56.9
7,822
46.5
1,548
16.5

16,794
16,454
9,358
56.9
7,772
46.3
1,586
16.9

16,782
16,452
9,534
57.9
8,010
47.7
1,524
16.0

16,768
16,452
9,656
58.7
8,090
48.2
1,565
16.2

16,742
16,429
9,612
58.5
8,054
48.1
1,558
16.2

16,717
16,398
9,637
58-8
8,106
48.5
1,53 0
15.9

16,692 16,666
16,389 16,377
9,496
9,409
57.9
57.5
7,97C
7,885
47.7
47.3
1,526
1,524
16. 1
16.2

70,487
68,814
54,750
79.6
52,432
74.4
2,412
50,020
2,318
4.2

Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population'
Civilian noninstitutional population'..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional populationl
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Total noninstitutional population'
Civilian noninstitutional population * . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

16,648
16,352
9,510
58.2
7,979
47.9
1,531
16.1

138,105 138,574 139,084 139,620 140,107 140,568 141,028 141,526 142,034 142,521 142,977 143,462 144,102
136,326 136,812 137,333 137,870 138,364 138,839 139,323 139,822 140,336 140,857 141,330 141,821 142,468
84,617 85,055 85,924 86,286 87,048 87,360 88,249 88,739 8S,424 90,161 90,110 90,833 91,323
62. 1
62.2
62. 6
62.6
62.9
62.9
63.3
63.5
63.7
64.0
63.8
64. 1
64.0
78,689 79,327 80,424 81,081 82,093 82,635 83,665 84,111 84,930 85,658 85,635 66, 174 86,640
57.2
57.0
57.8
58.1
58.6
58.8
59.3
59.8
59.4
60.1
59.S
60.1
6C.1
5,928
5,728
5,500
5,205
4,955
4,725
4,584
4,494
4,628
4,5 03
4,476
4,683
4,660
7.0
6.7
6.4
5.4
6.0
5.7
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.0
5. 1
5.0
5. 1

Black and other
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,885
18,517
11,039
59.6
9,577
50.7
1,46 3
13.2

19,008
18,634
11,092
59.5
9,657
50.8
1,436
12.9

19,139
18,761
11,196
59.7
9,762
51.0
1,434
12.8

19,279
18,894
11,340
60.0
9,800
50.8
1,540
13.6

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations.




19,424
19,035
11,555
60.7
10,030
51.6
1,525
13.2

19,557
19,164
11,773
61.4
10,313
52.7
1,460
12.4

19,687
19,282
11,909
61.8
10,480
53.2
1,429
12.0

19,829
19,413
12,034
62.0
10,611
53.5
1,423
11.8

20,003
19,585
12,131
61.9
10,742
53.7
1,389
11.5

20, 142
19,713
12,172
61.7
10,781
53.5
1,391
11,4

20,282
19,851
12,223
61.6
10,823
53.4
1,400
11.5

20,432
19,985
12,378
61.9
11,023
53.9
1,355
10.9

20,581
20,123
12,445
61.8
11,048
53.7
1,397
11.2

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A 4 4 through A 53 will not
necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45.

Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

1976

1977

Full- and part-time employment
status, sex, and age

1978

III

IV

1979

II

II

III

FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8 1 , 6 4 8 81,923 82,711 83,249 83,821 84,399 85,250 85,978 86,434 87,208 87,437 87,856 88,480
7 5 , 6 6 4 76,269 77,206 77,888 78,704 79,546 80,574 81,263 81,909 82,669 82,875 83,170 83,694
5,965
5,654 5,505 5,361 5,118 4,853
;676 4,715 4,525 4,539 4,562 4,686 4,786
7. 3
6.7
6.4
6.9
6.1
5.8
5-5
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.4

Males. 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force . .
Employed 1 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5 2 , 2 6 4 52,025 52,179 52,221 52,483 52,510 52,719 52,772 53,154 53,591 53,677 53,951 54,136
46,45 2 46,650 47,083 47,357 47,896 48,155 48,598 48,761 49,212 49,633 49,687 49,769 49,824
2,906
2,687 2,548 2,432 2,293 2,178 2,061 2,006 1,971 1,979 1,995 2,091 2,156
5. 9
5.1
5.4
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.1
'4.0
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . .

2 9 , 4 7 7 29,642 30,037 30,355 30,453 30,809 31,146 31,664 31,782 32,089 32,359 32,681 33,044
2 5 , 2 8 0 25,600 26,016 26,331 26,547 27,205 27,557 27,995 28,410 28,646 28,870 29,191 29,538
2,099
2,021 2,010 2,012 1,953 1,802 1,794 1,834 1,686
1,722 1,745 1,745 1,753
7.7
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.2
6.1
6. 1
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.7

Both sexes, 16—19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force . . .
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force . . .
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,892
3,932
980
20. 0

5,911
4,019

6,001
4,107

946

947

19.1

18.7

6,034
4,200
917
17.9

6,003
4,261
871
17.0

5,933
4,187
873
17.3

6,061
4,419
821
15.7

6,257
4,506
875
16.3

6,023
4,287
868
16.8

6,067
4,391
838
16.0

5,962
4,318
822
16.0

5,910
4,209
850
16.8

6,086
4,332
877
16.8

1 3 , 9 9 6 14,222 14,421 14,414 14,740 14,709 14,918 14,816 15,064 15,097 14,944 15,419 15 245
#
1 2 , 5 8 3 12,718 12,970 13,041 13,377 13,383 13,561 13,490 13,708 13,744 13,617 14,104 13,943
1,41 3
1,503 1,451 1,373
1,363 1,326 1,357 1,326
1,356 1,354
1,327 1,316 1,301
10. 1
10.6
10-1
9.5
9.2
9.0
9.1
8.9
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.5
8.5

2,589
2,373
216
8.3

2,683
2,446
237

2,637
2,455
232
8.6

2,707
2,511
196
7.2

2,747
2,540
208

2,734
2,537
197
7.2

2,749
2.563
187
6.8

2,685
2,503
182
6.8

2,698
2,518
180
6.7

2,671
2,502

7.6

6.3

2,649
2,477
172
6.5

2,763
2,577
187
6.8

2,761
2,594
167

169

6.0

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

7,340
6,868
47 1
6. 4

7,433
6,907
526
7.1

7,545
7,064
480
6.4

7,492
7,036
455
6.1

7,754 7,694
7,283 7,277
47 1
417
6.1
5.4

7,910
7,440
471
6.0

7,836
7,382
454
5.8

7,922
7,444
478
6.0

8,038
7,541
497
6.2

7,950
7,495
455
5.7

8,271
7,815
456
5.5

8,176
7,705
472
5.8

Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force . . . .
Employed 1 . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

4,067
3,34 1
726
17.9

4,106
3,366
740
18.0

4,190
3,451
739
17.6

4,216
3,493
722
17.1

4,239
3,555
684

4,258
3,558
700
16.4

4,295
3,605
6 89

4,444
3,746
698
15.7

4,388
3,701
688

4,345
3,645
700

15.7

16.1

4,385
3,712
673
15.3

4,308
3,645
663
15.4

1
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.

58




16. 1

4,280
3,569
712
16.6

16.1

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employment status by race, sex. and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1976

1977

IV

II

1978

III

II

III

1979
IV

II

III

IV

WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

81,617 85,055 85,924 86,286 87,048 87,360 88,249 88,739 89,424 90,161 90,110 90,833 91,323
78,689 79,327 80,424 81,081 82,093 82,635 83,665 84,111 84,930 85,658 85,635 86,174 86,640
5,928 5,728 5,500 5,205 4,955 4,725 4,584 4,628 4,494 4,503 4,476 4,660 4,683
6.7
6.4
7.0
5.0
5.4
5.7
6.0
5-2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0

Males, 20 years and over:
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,505 46,544 46,815 47,018 47,366 47,420 47,678 47,745 48,047 48,464 48,449 48,669 48,772
43,984 44,155 44,577 44,974 45,420 45,547 45,941 46,036 46,383 46,794 46,783 46,875 46,971
2,520 2,389 2,238 2,044 1,946 1,873 1,737
1,664 1,670 1,666 1,794
1,802
1,709
5. 4
5.1
4. 1
4.8
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.6

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,072 30,327 30,782 30,958 31,322 31,603 32,096 32,408 32,818 33,118 33,232 33,780 34,043
28,031 28,341 28,856 29,042 29,478 29,944 30,389 30,674 31,179 31,459 31,582 32,112 32,350
2,041 1,986
1,916
1,845 1,659 1,708
1,926
1,734
1,639 1,659 1,650 1,669 1,693
6. 8
6.5
6.2
6.3
5-0
5.9
5.0
4.9
5.0
5-3
5-3
5.2
5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,

8,041
6,674
1,367
17. 0

8,184
6,831
1,353
16.5

8,327
6,991
1,336
16.0

8,310
7,064
1,246
15.0

8,359
7,195
1,164
13.9

8,336
7,144
1,193
14.3

8,474
7,335
1,139
13.4

8,587
7,401
1,186
13.8

8,560
7,369
1,191
13.9

8,579
7,404
1,174
13.7

8,430
7,270
1,160
13.8

8,384
7,187
1,197
14.3

8,507
7,319
1,188
14.0

BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11,039 11,092 11,196 11,340 11,555 11,773 11,909 12,034 12,131 12,172 12,223 12,378 12,445
9,577 9,657 9,762 9,800 10#030 10,313 10,480 10,611 10,742 10,781 10,823 11,023 11,048
1,463 1,436 1,434
1,540
1,525 1,460 1,429
1,423 1,389 1,391 1,400 1,355
1,397
12.9
13. 2
12.8
13.6
13.2
12.4
12.0
11.4
11.5
11.8
11.5
11.2
10.9
5,427
4,84 1
587
10.8

5,482
4,935
547
10.0

5,495
4,968
527
9.6

5,482
4,895
587
10.7

5,56 5
5,019
546
9.8

5,661
5,144
516
9.1

5,707
5,211
496
8.7

5,7 25
5,242
483
8.4

5,827
5,347
480
8.2

5,830
5,337
494
8.5

5,853
5,365
488
8-3

5,969
5,481
487
8.2

5,961
5,451
510
8.6

4,684
4, 148
53 6

4,713
4,161
552
11.7

4,787
4,224
563
11.8

4,855
4,300
555
11.4

4,973
4,38 4
589
11.8

5,089
4,539
550
10.8

5,159
4,605
554
10.7

5,235
4,674
560
10.7

5,244
4,706
538
10.3

5,277
4,732
545
10.3

5,321
4,772
548
10.3

5,394
4,852
541
10.0

5,466
4,926
540
9.9

897
561
336
37.5

914
570
344
37.7

1,003
605
398
39.7

1,017
626
391
38.4

1,024
630
394
38.5

1,043
663
379
36.4

1,075
695
380
35.4

1,061
689
371
35.0

1,064
712
353
33.1

1,050
686
364
34.7

1,015
689
326
32.1

1,018
671
347
34. 1

11. 4

928

588
340
36. 6

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.




59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment ratei]

1979

1978

1977

1976
Selected categories

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

CHARACTERISTICS

7.7
6.0
7.4
19.0

7.5
5.7
7.2
18.6

7.2
5.3
7.0
18.2

6.9
5.0
6.9
17.6

6.6
4.7
6.7
16.5

6.2
4.5
6.0
16.9

6.0
4.2
6.1
16.0

6.0
4.1
6.1
16.2

5.8
4.0
5.7
16.2

5.8
4.0
5.7
15.9

5.8
4.0
5.7
16. 1

5.8
4.2
5.6
16.2

5.9
4.2
5.7
16.1

White
Black and other

7.0
13.2

6.7
12.9

6.4
12-8

6.0
13.6

5.7
13.2

5.4
12.4

5.2
12.0

5.2
11.8

5.0
11.5

5.0
11.4

5-0
11.5

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families

4.2
7.0
10.1

4.0
6.8
9.6

3.6
6.7
9.2

3.4
6.4
9.7

3.3
6.2
8.9

3.0
5.5
8.2

2.8
5.5
9.3

2.7
5.6
8.6

2.5
5.4
7.7

2.6
5.3
8.2

2.6
5.2
8.6

5.1
10.9
2.9
5.0
7.9

5.1
11.2
2.9
5.0
8.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

7.3
10.1
2.4
8.3

6.9
10.6
2.2
8.0

6.7
10. 1
2.0
7-6

6.4
9.5
1.9
7.4

6.1
9.2
1.8
7.2

5.8
9.0
1.6
6.7

5.5
9.1
1.4
6.5

5.5
8.9
1-3
6.6

5.2
9.0
1.2
6.2

5.2
9.0
1.2
6.2

5.2
8.9
1.2
6.3

5.3
8.5
1.1
6.3

5.4
8.5
1.2
6.4

4.5
3.2
3.0
5.4
6.2
9.3
6.7
10.8
8.0
13.3
9-0
5.2

4.6
3.2
3.0
5.6
6.3
8.7
6.2
9.9
7.4
1J.0
8.4
5.2

4.3
3.2
2.9
5.3
5.8
8. 1
5.6
9.4
6-5
12.4
8.5
4.8

3.4
3.3
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.2
3.8
4.1
4.6
4.5
7.1
6.8
4.5
4.3
8. 1 8.7
5.8
5.6
10.8 11.1
7.0
7.3
4.0
3.4

3.3
2.4
2.0
3.8
4.6
7.3
4.6
9.0
5.3
11.7
6.7
4.4

7.9
14.7
7.8
7.5
8.3
5.2
8.6
6.6
4. 3
12.8

7.5
14.3
7.2
6.8
7.7
5.0
8.5
6. 3
4.3
12.8

7.1
13.0
6.6
6.0
7.5
4.5
8.1
6.2
4. 1
1 1.9

5.7
10.2
5.4
4.7
6.5
3.2
6.5
4.8
3.6
8.6

5.9
10.1
5.9
5.5
6.5
4.0
6.4
4.7
3.8
9.8

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

4.1
2.8
2.7
4.9
5.6
7.4
5. 1
9.0
5.8
11.1
7.8
4.2

3.6
2.7
2.2
4.2
4.9
7.2
5.0
8.4
5.3
11.5
7.5
4.2

3.6
2.6
2.0
4.3
5.2
6.7
4.5
8. I
5.3
9.8
7.5
3.4

3.6
2.5
2.1
4.2
5.0
6.8
4.5
8.2
5.3
10.3
7.3
3.7

3.3
2.7
2.0
3.7
4.5
6.6
4.4
7.6
4.9
10.9
7.3
3.8

3.4
2-4
2.0
4.1
4.7
6.5
4.5
7.8
5. 1
9.8
7.4
3.2

6.5
11. 1
6.2
5.7
6.9
4.6
7.5
5.7
4.2
9.8

6.2
11.0
5.7
5.2
6.5
3.8
7.2
5.3
3.8
9.6

5.9
9.9
5.6
4.9
6.5
3.9
6.8
5. 1
4.0
8. 1

5.9
10.4
5.4
5.0
6.0
3.7
6.7
5.2
3.9
8.7

5.7
11.0
5. 1
4.5
6.0
3.3
6.7
4.9
3.9
8.5

5.6
10.4
5.1
4.4
6. 1
3.6
6.5
4.9
3.9
8.0

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 3
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.

2

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

60




6.8
11.7
6.7
6.1
7.5
4.7
7.9
5.7
4. 1
9.9

as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

Includes mining, not shown separately.

5.9
9.9
5.9
5.4
6.7
3.8
6.4
4.9
3.5
9.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A - 4 8 . Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1979

Weeks of unemployment

II

III

II

III

IV

II

III

DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean duration, in weeks . .
Median duration, in weeks

2,827
2,305
2,306
1,0 36
1,270

2,900
2,166
2,107
932
1,175

2,940
2,056
1,902
845
1,057

2,803
2,096
1,844

15.2
8.0

14. 8
7.3

14.5
7.1

100.0
42.6
29.8
27.6
12.3
15.3

2,757
2,001
1,735

2,779
1,871
1,396
740
655

2,858
1,865
1,284

860
876

2,749
1,895
1,542
828
715

14.0
7.0

13.7
6.9

12.7
6.4

100.0
41.6
31. 1
27.3
13.6
13.8

100.0
42.5
30.8
26.7
13.2
13.5

100.0
44.4
30.6
24.9
13.4
11.6

916
928

2,786
1,854
1,238
709

2,766
1, £73
1,253
712

2,860
1,670

620

529

54 1

513

639
496

12.2
5.9

11.6
5.9

11.2
5.6

1 1.4
5.8

10.8
5.5

10.5
5.6

10.5
5.4

100.0
46.0
30.9
23.1
12.2
10.8

100.0
47.6
31-1
21.4
11.1
10.3

100.0
47.4
31.5
21. 1
12.1
9.0

100.0
47.0
31.8
21.3
12.1
S.2

100.0
48.3
31.6
2C.2
11.5
8.7

100.0
49.0
31.9
19.0
10.7
8.3

100.0
48.3
31.9
19.9
11.3
8.6

664

1,196

2,922
1,902
1,135

683

2,930
1 r 933
1,205

683
522

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

100.0
38.0
31.0
31.0
13.9
17.1

100.0
40.4
30.2
29.4
13.0
16.4

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

A - 4 9 . Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1976

1977

1S78

1979

Sex and age

III
Total, 16 years and over.. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over .
Males, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

II

III

IV

7.7

7.5

7.2

6.9

6.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.8

19.0
21.3
17.4
12.2
5.5
5.7
4.4

18.6
20.9
17.0
11.5
5.2
5.4
4.4

18.2
20.5
16.7
11.0
5.0
5.2
4. 1

17.6
19.9
15.9
10.9
4.8
5.0
3.9

16.5
18.5
15. 1
10.2

16.0
18.7
14.1
9.5
4. 1
4.3
3.2

16.2
19.5
13.7

4.6
4.6
4.0

16.9
19.8
14.9
10.3
4.1
4.3
3.3

16.2
19.3
13.9
8.9
3.9
4.1
2.9

15.9
16.5
13.9
8.7
3.9
4.1
3.0

7. 1

6.7

6.4

6. 1

5.7

5.5

5. 1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.C

5.1

5.2

19.3
21.6
17.5
12.4
4.9
5.1
4.2

18.1
20-2
16.7
11.4
4.6
4.7
4.3

17.7 17.4
20.2 20.2
16. 1 15. 1
10.9
10. 8
4.3
4.0
4.4
4. 1
3.7
3.6

15.9
17.5
14.5
9.7
3.9
3.9
3.8

16.3
19.5
13.9
10.1
3.5
3.5
3.2

15.1
18.4
12.S
6.7
3.4
3.4
3. 2

15.4
18.9
12.6

3.3
3.4
3.0

16.2
19.9
13.2
8.6
3.2
3.3
2.7

16.0
19.1
13.8
8.2
2.2
3.3
2.8

15.5
17.9
14.C
8.2
3.2
3.3
3.C

15.9
16.9
15.1
8.8
3.3
3.5
3.1

15.7
17.6
14.0
9.1
3.4
3.6
2.7

8.6

8.5

8.3

8.1

7.8

7.2

7, 2

7.3

6.8

6.3

18.7
20.9
17.2
12.0
6.4
6.8
4.7

19,2
21.7
17..3
11.7
6.2
6.6

18.8
20.9
17,4
11. 1
6.1
6.5
4.6

17.9
19.5
16.8
10.9
6.0
6.3
4.5

17,3
19.7
15. 7
10.9
5.8
6.1
4.3

17.8
20. 1
16. 1
10.4
5.0
5.4
3.5

16.9
18.9
15. 5
10.5
5. 1

17.1
20.2
14.9
10.1
5.2
5.6
3.3

16.2
18.7
14.7
9.3
4.9
5.2
3.3

15.7
17.8
13.9

5.6
3. 2

9.4
4.0
4.3

3.1

8.a

9.3

4.9
£.3
3.4

5.8

5.8

16. 1 16.2
18.4 17.5
14.6 15.2
9.2
8.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.1
3.1
3.1

5.9
16. 1
17.9
14.8
9.4
3.9
4.2
2.8

6.8 ! b.7

6.8

16.5
18.2
15.3
9.6
4.7
5.1
3.1

16.5
18.2
15.5
9.7
4,8
5.1
3.1

16.7
\8»9
15.2
9,f

4.9
5.3
3.2

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.




61

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

197 6

1977

1978

1979

Reason for unemployment

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

II

IV

III

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:

2,842
770
2,072
890
1,880
873

2,612
713
1,899
865
1,834
895

1,874
847
1,775
862

2,452
683
1,759
848
1,847
86S

2,413
707
1,705
851
1,795
843

2,458
774

937

3,056
858
2, 198
862
1,869
957

2,534
660

1,975
94 7

3,094
837
2,256
908
1,975
975

100.0
48.9
13.8
35,1
12.0
26.4
12.7

100.0
46. 5
12.8
33.7
12.6
27.6
13.2

100.0
44.5
12.0
32.5
13.1
28.4
14.0

100.0
45.3
12.7
32.6
12.8
27.7
14.2

100.0
43.8
11.9
32.0
13.7
29.0
13.5

100.0
42.1
11.5
30.6
13.9
29.5
14.4

100.0
42.1
11.0
31.1
14.1
29.5
14.3

100.0
4C.8
11.5
29.2
14.1
30.7
14.4

100.C
40.9
12.0
28.9
14.4
30.4
14.3

3.8

3.5
.9
2. 1

3.2
.9
2.0

1.0

1.0

2.9
.9
1.9
.9

2.6
.9

1.0

3.1
.9
1.9
1.0

2.5

.9
2.0

1.8
.9

1.8
.9

2.4
.8
1.8
.9

2.4
.8
1.8
.8

3,610
1,020
2,590
888
1,953

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,328
914
2,415
904

2,613
856
1,757
849
1,770
757

2,729
953

1,751
€30

2 # 442
793
1,648
881
1,766
€C2

100.0
41.6
13.1
26.5
14.6
29.7
14. 1

100.0
41.4
13.5
2€.O
15.0
30.0
13.6

100.0
43.6
14.3
29.3
14.2
29.6
12.6

100.0
44.8
15.6
29.1
13.6
28.6
13.1

2.4

2.4
.9

2.5

2.6

1.7
.8

1.7
.8

1.7
.7

1,684
864

1,776
827
1,744
799

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.8
1.7

NOTE. Data in this table have been revised. See article on pagt g.

A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1979

Sex and age

II

Total. 16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over...
Mate, 16 yews
and over . . . . . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 y e a r s . . . . .
55 years and over
Females, 16 years
and over
16 to 19 year*
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
56 years and over




IV

II

III

IV

II

III

IV

88,242

88,974

90,188

90,913

92, 108

92,954

94,145

94,734

95.653

96,425

96,467

97,231

97.665

7,255
2,896
4,366

7,3 84

7,573
3,041
4,518
12,763

7,674
3,116
4,555
12,927
70,307

7,822
3,210
4,6 13
13,089
71,191

8,010

3,294
4,705

8,090
3,326
4,773

8,054
3,297

57,262
13,939

13,965

13,584
73,057
5 8,906
14,161

13,752
73,844

13,714

13,471
72,674
58,506
14,163

7,885
3,208
4,671
13,903
75,447

7,979
3,295
4,695

56,591

14,249

8,106
3,334
4,777
13,900
74,416
60,043
14,372

7,970
3,246
4,709

56,131
13,720

7,772
3, 159
4,612
13,177
71,997
58,023

2,970

4,762

54,971
13,589

4,419
12,6 33
68,960
55,424
13,537

52,732

53,086

53,643

54,005

54,716

54,922

55,421

5 5 , 6 03

56,010

56,417

3,906

3,986

7,062
42,820

7, 149
43,283

34,269
8,539

34,632
8,655

8,743

4,320
1,789
2,544
7,359
43,934
35,192
8,732

4,274
1,748
2,530

6,953
42,571
34,042
8,536

4,224
1,751
2,472
7,158
43,540
34,895
8,641

4,287
1,778
2,50 4
7,344
43,788

8,436

1,620
2,365
6,956
42,147
33,714
8,431

4 , 127
1,715
2,418

4,271

1,595

4,121
1,684

6,815

4,288
1,782
2,504
7,537
44,598
35,745
8,859

35,509

35,888

36,545

36,908

37,392

38,032

38,724

39,132

39,643

3,348
1,300
2,057
5,580

3,398
1,351
2,054
5,677
26,813
21,710
5,106

3,452
1,357

3,547
1,401
2 , 137

3,551
1.411
2, 144

5,940
27,909
22,630
5,284

3,722
1,516
2,201
6,12 7
28,885
23,447
5,421

3,770
1,537

5,865

3,548
1,408
2 , 140
6,019
28,458
23,128
5,324

3,780
1,549
2,232

12,434

68,550

2,309
6,654
41,967
33,542

26,583
21,429
5,153

69,359

2,426

2,092
5,810
27,288

22,089
5,184

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

62

III

27,487
22,322
5, 174

1,799
2,469

35,059

2,229
6,225
29,123
23,714

5,429

13,6€£

14,361

13,877
75,803
61,423
14,378

56,381

56,564

56,648

4,245
1,758
2,477
7,547

4,216
1,765
2,456
7,521

44,586
35,826
6,172

4,201
V'38
2,«i1
7,533
44,845
36,011
8,821

40,008

40,086

40,667

41,017

3,818
1,552
2,273

3,725
1,48S
2,231

3,684
1,470
2,210

6,303

6,363

3,763
1,530
2,239

29,571
24,145
5,434

29,818
24,298
5,513

6,340
30,036
24,4SS

6,370
30,602

6,357
30,907

25,081
5,540

25,314
5,600

59,599

7,449
44,273
35,455

74,624
60,325

5,514

6 1,092

44,895
36,1C9
8,778

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52

Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands)

1976

1977

1978

1979

Selected categories

II

III

II

III

IV

II

III

CHARACTERISTICS
Total. 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present

88,242 38,974 90,188 90,913 92,108 92,954 94, 145 94,734 95,653 96,425 S6,467 97,231 97,665
38,0 29 38, 189 38,463 38,377 38,562 38,527 38,625 38,666 38,938 3 9,208 39,011 39,185 38,964
20,494 20,687 20,933 20,987 21,291 21,585 21,760 21,921 22,250 22,500 22,529 22,905 22,962

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

,446 44,757 45,319 46,227 46r534 46,957 47,382 47,9 51 48,712 49, 130 49,672 49,854
,449 13,508 13,788 14,035 14,019 14,212 14,255 14,509 14,899 15,067 15,089 15,153

,
13,542
9,4 86
5,642
15,683
29,170
11r388
10,098

,509
,681
,807
,736
,652
,300

3,300
4,384
11,982
2,770

,419 3,487 3,492 3,506 3,526 3,519 3#5C8 3,613 3,607 3,604 3,616 3,619
,365 4,471 4, 547 4,600 4,620 4,803 4,740 4,744 4,779 4,664 4,625 4,607
,104 12,397 12,509 12,547 12,706 12,847 12,854 12,947 12,823 12,828 12,749 12,935
,692 2,835 2,711 2,771 2,807 2,786 2,818 2,773 2,761 2,655 2,702 2,702

9,515
5,705
16,029
30,204
11,864
10,383

9,681
5,756
16,094
30,293
11,913
10,341

9,941
5,767
16,484
30,605
12,095
10,404

10,085
5,871
16,558
30,934
12,138
10,649

10,100
5,905
16,740
31,567
12,307
10,938

10,123
5,960
17,044
31,563
12,462
10,872

10,1 14
6,061
17,267
32,031
12,631
11,043

10,361
6,064
17,386
32, 169
12,832
10,550

10,453
6,CS6
17,514
31,867
12,822
1C,776

10,656
6,163
17,764
32,036
12,877
10,919

10,597
6,323
17,780
32,206
12,989
10,991

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,318
1,592
343

1,288
1,535
344

1,324
1,610
377

1, 322
1,553
315

1,382
1,573
340

1,389
1,588
342

1,424
1,617
296

1,428
1,621
3 20

1,426
1,596
309

1,409
1,568
314

1,409
1,537
2€8

1,401
1,605
309

1, 436
1,607
311

78,767
14,922
63,844
1,387
62,457
5,759
470

79,453
14,993
64,461
1,357
63, 104
5,844
483

80,413
15,050
65,363
1,358
64,005
5,982
506

81, 118
15,211
65,907
1,394
64, 513
6,065
503

82,204
15,346
66,859
1,389
65,470
6,135
474

82,917
15,274
67,643
1,372
66,271
6,2 69
476

84,041
15,283
68,759
1, 400
67,359
6,312
482

84,561
15,265
69,295
1,365
67,930
6,241
466

85,459
15,317
70,142
1,313
68,829
6,404
4 63

86,220
15,285
70,S35
1,279
69,656
6,543
45S

86,215
15,431
70,7£4
1,201
69,584
6,567
466

86,596
15,360
71,236
1,248
6 9,988
6,724
473

87,129
15,393
71,736
1,233
70,503
6,777
419

PERSONS AT WORK1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconorrtic
reasons

1

79,965 80,680 81,480 82,450 83,339 83,994 85,813 86,068 86,833 87,637 87,381 88,782 88,812
65,502 66,120 66,919 67,654 68,344 69,155 70,473 70,936 71,596 72,3C6 72,133 73,042 73,113
3,438 3,365 3,239 3,315 3,266 3, 167 3,279 3,257 j 3,159 3, 197 3,282 3,246 3,409
1,228
1,419
1,336
1,251 1,2S4
1, 192 1,272
1,298
1,278
1,277
1,251 1, 253 1,243
1,989
1,910
2,007 1,9 58 1,931 1,946
2,160 2,085 1,989 2,062 2,023 1,975
11,025 11,194 11,322 11,481 11,729 11,671 12,062 11,874 12,078 12, 134 11,966 12,494 12,290

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race,
seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

197 6

19 77
ii

IV

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Total not in labor force.
Do not want job now
Current activity:
Going to school
III. disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

|
in

I

iv

i

1978
i

II

1979

i in

i

iv

II

III

j
j
j 5 9 , 2 19

5 9 , 29 4 | 5 8 , 9 5 9 ; 5 9 , 1 2 6 ! 5 8 , 8 1 5 ; 5 8 , 8 68i 58,4 32i58,458' 58,384; 5&,255j 58,824| 58,568 58,842
I
.
'
>
i
5 3 , 68 1 1 5 3 , 1 7 0 | 5 3 , 3 9 8 j 53,125j 5 3,563 i
5 3 , 169! 52, 928; 5 3 , 0 6 8 : 5 3 , 2 3 8 ; 5 3 , 6 6 6 | 5 2 , 9 5 5 53,563
!
5,974
6, 173 6, 1 59 i 6,214 6,200) 6 , 2 6 1 i 6 , 2 2 7 i 6 , 0 0 7 J 5 , 9 6 9 ! 5 , 9 4 4 J 5 , 9 7 6
6,003
4,480
4, 712 4,509j 4,567 4 ,3951 4 , 5 0 5 i 4 , 5 7 3 ; 4 , , 4 2 4 ; 4 , 6 2 9 ! 4 , 5 6 3 | 4 , 5 4 2
4,540
2
9
,
7
1
1
;
2 9 , 6 4 7 2 9 , , 4 5 2 , 2 9 , 2 9 6 1 2 9 , 3 031 2 S , 2 1 5 2 8 , 7 2 3 28,736
30, 603 3 0 , 0 9 8 | 3 0 , 1 2 3 | 30
8, 721 9 , 0 5 1 | 9 , 0 4 5 | .9 ^036 9,408: 9 , 1 9 6
9,4C0;
9,466]
9,583;
9,S79
9 , 9 7 8 10,206
,381 3,633! 3 , 5 2 6
3 , 472 3,3 53 3, 44b
3,675'
3,708j
3,845;
3,954
3,799
4,078
5 , 535 5,759 5 , 8 1 8
,570 5,4 34 | 5 , 2 3 9 ! 5 , 3 8 6 ; 5 , 2 6 1 ! 5 , 2 4 6 ! 5 , 1 S 0 | 5 , 5 2 7 5,287

53,791
, 3 32
,600
,349
,787
,724
, 4 54

j

1,519
686

,5 00
635
,292
,002
734
268
,025

1,513! 1 , 5 8 7 j 1 , 5 1 4
808'
746
783 i
1,27b: 1,2 78 1 , 2 2 2
977
1 , 0 5 8 ! 1,0 30 |
7 13|
635
740|
317!
341
3181

1,225
96 5

677
28S
1,14 0

1,12 7 j

1,115;

1,455!
7 03;
• 227!
85 V
6 12;
239'
, 151)

1 , 4 15 I

1,111J

7 54'.
6 99 !
1,2 26 ! 1 , 2 3 6 !
9 25;
8 36!
645;
537|
281 i
300 I
1 , 1 69 j 1 , 1 5 0 ;

1,351!
7 22!
1,219J
772;
4 911
28 1!
1,197j
I

1,343:
75 0
1,227

772
1,266
731
531
200
1,194

1,493
751
1,238
741
459
282
1,064

16,948

17,211

15,177
1,326

15,485
1,725

815
355
286
370

739
337
285
364

1,378 1,564

708J
1,220!
7 4C
8G7i
495
5C7j
245
300!
1 , IS 1 j 1,078;

Males
Total not in labor force.
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance...
Ill health, disability . .
Think cannot get job.
Other reasons1

16,400 16,568

16,503

16,642; 16,414! 16,587 I 16,586 I 16,742! 16,675! 1 b , 5 8 8 j 1 6 , S 5 6

14,753 j14,811 14,662*14,8 08:14,658
14,885 1 4 , 8 8 9 \ 1 5 , 0 5 0 ; 14,952!15,C12J15,395J
1,668 ; 1,673!
1,779
1,806
1,703
1,742
1,647
1,7C0
1,676;
1,679
1,537*

7 17;
2 70 j

7 62 i

353!

290'
323;

3 28 \

2 9 8 '•

786
332
311
3 5G

76 0

7 46

7 10

649

343
350
35 3

32 1

323
3 14

3 15
3 40
3 77

3 36
3 00

7 27
3 26
2 67

362

3 59

6 9

666
362
29 4;
3 58!

7

32 7
294
358

6 86;
276!
256:
3 19!

Females
Total not in labor f o r c e . . . .
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

.4d3j42,401

39 ,038! 38 ,87 0 38 ,50 8; 38
3, 98C \ 4
3 ,785| 3 ,862

42,281

4 1,846:41,716:

41,709

4

1,667-41,868

590! 3 8 , 4 6 7 ; 38,683
3 8 , 2 8 0 ! 3 7 , 8 7 8 ; 3 8 , 1 15| 38,.226j
3
1 I; 3 ,66 44 22 0 1 2 J 3 ,8866 77 }
3,0
0 .9 1
3 ,6688 66 JJ
3 ,5588 44 j
3 ,5566 66 JJ

41,620

38,271 37,778
33, 6 55 33 3 , 7 0 1

j

783

7 57

3 65!

387

1,292i

1 ,22 5
6 75
8 17

649j
697

7 2 / !

451
1 ,278
7 47

111

827.
466:
I ,278;
680'
76 2

704
77009 9
| ;
7 0 4 ;
6
6 4 |
664|
4.^6'
384
4 18'
1 , 2 2 2 j 1,226
1,2.36!
5 36
6 54
585
797
792
73?

7
7!
7 227!
376!

564

7S2

4 1,632
38,078
3,562

682|
692 749
753
3 8 9 ! 432
4 17
414
1,227: 1,220 1,2661,238
446
551J 445
456
62 3
759i
8 24
700

6 5

395 j
1,219
478
83 9

White
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

51,7 09|51,757J51,409j51,504\ 51,316

5 1 , 4 79

47,53C|47,J90|47,081'47,309
4 6 , 9 4 5 4 7 , 4 19 4 7 , 1 6 0
4,165|
4,267;
4,325
4,27 1
4,298
4,154 3,977
1,0 87 j
450 |
1 ,0 311

7 48 !

1,1791 1,095

520!
978!
69 2;

630
9 76
7 25 !

8 "50 I

r

092i
571!
9581
717
M3J

1,109 1,038
559:
500
979!
959
!
720
660
9 32'
998

50,988

51,145

4 6 , 9 13; 4 6 , 3 5 4 4 6 , 8 5 0 ! 4 7 , 2 7 6 : 4 6 , 8 4 5
4,256
3,911 3,991'
3 , 9 191 4 , 2 7 4

46,983
4,014

5 1 , 0 7 4 | 5 1 , 0 63| 5 0 , 9 1 2

!

961
536!
962;
569;

1,2 02;
516:
3€1!
585'

SO,69 6j 51,220j

9 89
516.
904
537 ;
962

S85 ;
54V
S521527!
SB6

S66I 1,222
5C5|
529
S44|
980
564|
541
s:-9| 1,002

1,124
521
968
540
861

Black and other
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

7,454'. 7,541 | 7,628

7,607

6,149| 6,244i 6,372 6,305
6,451
1,317! 1,287 | 1,193 1,3451 1,236
357:
204 !
309
232
216 J

370
230
278

3 90

2 2 "5

210

187

1 35

401
219
315
200

1£9
2 61

21 1
t

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "horns responsiblitius/'

64




7,678

NOTE: Data in this table havi bean revised. Set; article on page 9.

_

_„„

367
234
262
191
181

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
l l n thousands)
Age ir years
Total
20-24

16-19

Reasons for not seeking work

60 and over

25-59

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

58,307
53,297

53,717

7,216
5,999

7,233
5,921

4,536
3,795

4,584
3,788

21,705
19,250

21,376
18,992

24,850
24,253

25,551
25,019

7,676

5,171

5,199
34
390

1,774
122

1,740

715

9

25

1,600

1,607

14,478

2,053
14,197

2,152
12,420

2,220
12,247

299

303

229
1,663

205
1,822

9,107
565

9,843
684

2,455

2,385

596

535

TOTAL
Total not in labor force . . . . .
Do not want a job now

. ..

58,744

Current activity:
7,631
4,533
29,006

Going t o school

679
2,201

508

3,106

264

5,009

5,026

1,218

1,311

741

796

School attendance

1,282

1,414

941

1,024

202

235

130

150

Ill health, disability

738
1,149

768
1,167
700

27
75
81

28
61

38
219

67
242

473
816

53
27

97
81

86
62

401
304

260

438
262

99
56

500
827
377

45

16

107

977

94

99

185

25
166

99

1,110

635

16,959

17,502

3,352

3,423

1,397

1,413

15,410

15,911

2,740

2,803

1,197

1,169

9,337
2,790

Retired
Other . . . .
Want a job now

56

138

4,445
28,440
10,050

Ill disabled
Keeping house

298

Reason not looking:

Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job

729
469

Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

8

4

200
40

173
38

150
32

137
54

531

117
198

183

3,069

3,152

9,142

9,513

2,595

2,686

8,873

9,253

268

83

Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now .
Current activity:
Going t o school

1

2

3,867

3,878

2,576

2,650

979

915

308

311

2,438
276

2,415

24

64
12

1,175

13

57
11

1,224

272

25
10

7,273

7,597

1,556

1,749

127

118

150

178

816

1,548

1,590

611

619

199

244

473

School attendance

661

699

523

527

50

52

4

325

333

8

17

86
17

120

III health disability

36

203

199

97

Think cannot get job
Other reasons '

249
313

243
315

50

32
64

70

61

30

57
18

96

118

Total not in labor force . . . .

41,348

41,242

3,864

3,809

Do not want a job now

37,887

37,806

3,260

3,118

2,595
33
494

2,548

III, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other

41
206

1,132

1,151

209

186
7,414

955

7,067
464

468

267

260

65
180

500

Reason not looking:
81

45

97

43

123

81
136

3,139

3,171

18,636

18,223

15,708

16,038

2,597

2,619

16,654

16,306

15,379

15,764

794
65
1,589

824
74
1,595

403
879
14,133
25
866

7
1,019
12,211
2,040
102

23
1,068
12,060
2,429
184

Females

Current activity:
Going to school . .
Ill, disabled
Keeping house . .
Retired
Other .
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance .
Ill health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

1

. . .

3,764
2,095
28,730
2,064
1,234

3,799
2,030
28,168
2,453
1,356

138

181

149

126

370
978
14,436
23
847

3,461

3,435

606

690

543

552

1,982

1,918

331

274

621
413
1,149
480

714
435
1,167
457

419
18
75
30
64

497
11
61
42

117
21
219
65

115
31
242
41

81
270
816
304

98
301
827
297

4
93
38
76

121

123

511

395

4
104
40
81
102

798

662

Includes small number of men not looking f o r work because of "home responsibilities."

NOTE: Detail in tables A-54, A-55, and A-57 may not add t o not-in-labor-force totals
because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.




9
380

79

63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]

Age in years

Sex

Tot**1
Reasons for not seeking work

16-24

tv

]

]979

IV
1979

1

fn

1

1

]$ 8

Females

1978

1$ 9

1979

1978

IV
1979

978

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons 1

IV

Males

6 0 and over

25 59

....

50 ,819

51 ,036

9,375

9 ,337

18,915

18, 590

22 ,529

23 ,108

14 ,486

14 ,885

36 ,333

36 ,151

47 ,088

47 ,204

7,996

7 ,807

17 ,067

16, 719

22 ,030

22 ,682

13 ,326

13 ,648

33 ,762

33 ,556

6 ,168
3 ,651
26 ,462
8 ,483
2 ,324
3 ,731

6 ,166
3 ,585
25 ,807
9 ,097
2,549
3 ,831

5 ,599
117
1,849
—
431
1,384

5 ,573
111
1,691
—
432
1,530

562
1,756
13 ,153
224
1,372
1,849

570
1,598
12, 845
203
1,503

6
1,782
11 ,461
8 ,258
523

25
1,876
11 ,273
8 ,892
616

3 ,138
2 ,010
229
6 ,656
1 ,293

3 ,105
2 ,028
200
6 ,895
1,420

3 ,030
1,641
26 ,233
1,827
1,031

3 ,061
1,557
25 ,607
2 ,202
1,129

1,872

499

428

1 ,160

1,236

2 ,571

2 ,595

915
538
863
512
903

1,044
535
927
518
807

809
45
205
110
215

930
76
204
130
190

99
342
624
271
513

108
339
686
283
456

8
150
34
131
176

4
121
37
106
160

489
228

532
256

111
266

178
270

426
310
863
335
637

512
279
927
340
537

7,487

7 ,708

2 ,377

2 ,479

2 ,790

2, 785

2 ,321

2 ,443

2 472

2 ,617

5 ,015

5 ,091

6 ,207

6 ,511

1 ,802

1 ,904

2 ,180

2, 266

2 ,225

2 ,340

2 083

2 ,261

4 ,124

4 ,250

1,463
881
2,543
854
466
1,279

1,510
858
2,633
953
557
1,196

1 347
64
260
—
131
574

1 366
61
307
—
170
575

115
447
1,324
5
289
606

142
453
1,352
2
317
516

2
371
959
850
43
96

345
975
951
69
103

729
428
46
617
263
389

772
386
72
702
329
355

734
453
2 ,497
237
203
890

738
472
2 ,561
251
228
841

367
200
286
218
209

370
233
240
183
170

334
20
88
68
64

329
20
98
55
73

32
129
192
131
122

43
162
142
94
75

50
6
18
22

__
51

172
97

168
77

31
21

72
48

65
45

195
103
286
145
161

202
156
240
118
125

BLACK AND OTHER
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons *
1

....

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."

A-56.

Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and

detailed reason
[In thousands]

.-—„-—--—-—-----——------——---••--—•-----—--•----•-~

4th Quarter 1979
Race

Agt in yaars
Detailed reason for not seeking work

Total

16-19

20-24

25-59

6 0 and

White

Black and

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap

108
89
66

11
21
13

2
10
13

19
57
31

75

8

88
67
56

20
21
10

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

221
217

39
17

48
14

103
165

32
22

123
185

98
32

Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap

49
40
27

5
15

2
6
6

7
.19
7

35

10
14

6

39
26
27

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

69
58

16
13

21
11

23
23

9
10

37
49

31

Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap

59
48
39

6
5
3

12
38
25

41

2

49
41
29

10
7
10

152
159

23
4

80
141

23
11

86
136

67
23

Males

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

66



27
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Age in years

Most recent work experience and
reason for leaving job

IV
1978
Total, not in labor force . . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months . .
Percent distribution by reason . . .
School, home responsibilities . .
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons
Males, not in labor force . . .

Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months . .
Percent distribution by reason . . .
School, home responsibilities . .
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons
Females, not in labor force .

Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months . .
Percent distribution by reason . . .
School, home responsibilities . .
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons

IV
1979

IV
1978

Black and
other

2559

16-24

IV
1979

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

58,307 58,744 11,752 111,817 21,705 21,376
2,104
4,424 1,985
8,793 8,894 4,407
248
260 10,966 10,916
28,417 29,144
4,881
1,615 5,157
1,602
10,679 10,353
10,417 10,350 5,494 5,515 3,596 3,472
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
42.0
49.4
69.1 40.0
51.9
66.2
12.5
6.9
7.1
1.8 11.9
1.9
3.9
4.1
7.6
7.5
21.4
22.4
17.2
13.5
19.7
17.3
6.7
7.6
8.5
10.2
9.5
7.4
2.7
7.4
3.2
5.9
4.4
4.5
3.3
7.3
3.8
7.9
5.8
5.4
1.5.5
14.7
20.3
21.6
16.2
16.4
4,749 4,836 3,069 3,152
16,959 17,502
1,709
219
1,955
2,056
267
1,744
7,832
7,216
36
1,281
35 1,060
376
3,686 3,460
898
411 1,045
2,627
705
4,153
4,101
745
2,645
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.9
66.1
46.5
47.8
20.9
68.3
1.9
24.1
8.8
8.4
1.9 25.8
9.8
11.4
11.7
11.8
.1
19.5
19.7
19.7
17.3
17.8
14.9
6.1
12.2
11.0
9.0
9.6
7.7
8.5
4.1
3.3
3.8
2.5
6.2
4.8
4.6
4.2
4.5
2.8
25.7
15.0
3.9
13.5
12.3
14.8
23.7
18,223
7,003 6,980
41,348 41,242
1,837
6,838 2,699 2,679 18,636
6,838
9,636
212
226 1,766
21,201 21,313
9,905
1,204 4,113 3,984
6,993 6,893 1,226
2,870
2,866
6,198
6,316
2,851 2,768
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.9
47-5
54.7
66.2
51.3
45.1
9.5
1.8
6.3
5.7
1.9
8.2
2.3
4.7
5.0
2.0
21.8
12.2
14.9
17.3
19.6
23.5
6.7
5.7
8.3
6.4
8.6
8.8
7.1
2.8
3.2
4.9
4.5
5.8
8.0
3.7
3.5
6.1
6.5
8.9
18.9
16.1
16.9
17.1
18.3
21.1

24,850
2,400
17,204
3,920

1,326
100.0
5.9

14.0
48.2
22.3
9.6
4.7
8.1
9.6
9,142
27
6,120
2,266
728
100.0
2.5
16.1
52.3
21.6
9.8
5.0
6.9
7.6
15,708
2,373
11,083
1,653
599
100.0
9.8

11.5
43.2
23.4
9.3
4.5
9.5
12.0

IV
1978

IV
1979

25,551 50,819 51,036
2,366
6,946
6,932
17,967 25,448 25,956
3,856 9,400
9,084
1,362
9,025
9,063
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.7
52.6
7.3
6.6
14.7
6.5
8.1
46.8
8.1
16.7
22.2
18.3
7.4
8.8
8.6
4.2
4.1
4.2
5.5
5.1
9.3
8.9
16.3
16.0
9,513 14,486 14,885
1,421
44 1,382
6,279 6,791
6,516
3,238 3,071
2,152
803 3,587 3,602
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.3
4.1
48.1
8.8
15.7
8.4
12.7
51.3
12.5
18.2
22.8
16.8
9.6
9.3
9.0
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.4
9.6
4.0
6.1
13.0
14.2
16,038 36,333 36,151
5,564 5,511
2,322
11,451 19,769 19,165
6,013
6,162
1,705
560 5,438 5,461
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.0
12.1
55.5
5.0
13.4
5.3
5.0
40.2
5.2
18.4
21.4
16.7
7.8
7.9
6.3
4.3
4.6
4.4
6.3
8.9
5.9
18.5
12.9
17.2

IV
1978

IV
1979

7,487
1,847
2,970
1,278
1,392
100.0
41.2

15.9
5.0
7.2
17.3

7,708
1,962
3,188
1,269
1,287
100.0
47.1
10.9
3.2
21.3
7.5
6.2
7.5
17.5

2,472
573
937
448
514
100.0
41.6
8.6
2.9
30.0
20.2
3.5
6.2
16.9

2,617
635
1,041
389
551
100.0
45.8
8.0
6.2
20.2
8.7
3.5
8.0
19.8

5,015
1,274
2,033
830
878
100.0
40.9
9.7
5.0
26.9
13.3
5.8
7.8
17.4

5,091
1,327
2,147
880
736
100.0
48.1
13.0
1.0
22.1
6.7
8.3
7.2
15.8

9.3
4.2
28.0

A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
to seeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Work-seeking intentions and work history

60 and over

25-59

16-24
IV

IV

IV

1978

1979

1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

48,373 48,843
9,933 9,899
1,549
1,533
1,129
1,108
1,934
1,840
5,358 5,382

5 ,909
5 ,843
1 ,424
47
621
3 ,752

5 ,906
5 ,910
1 ,404
67
636
3 ,804

18,250
3,455
102

922
1,059
1,371

13,280
3,679

13,759
3,742

659
121
505

601
219
538

2 ,112
2 ,723
573

2,393

2,383

2 ,024
2 ,724
637
8
176
1 ,905

35,093 35,084 3 ,885
6,254 6,157 3 ,119

Black and
other

Wh:*"

Total
IV

IV

IV

1979

1978

1979

IV
1978

IV

IV

IV

1979

1978

1979

5,573
1,914

5 , 923
1, 785
377
231

Total

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months . . .

18,023 24,215
635
3,352

24,913

1,350

7
139
255
234

638
8
194
209
228

2,442

2,484

8,813

9,164

1 ,919

626
23
76
177
350

669
29
103
198
338

328
_37
152
139

350
—
99
124
127

3 ,794
3 ,186

15,806
2,828

15,540
2,683

15,402

15,749

788
38
445

831
52
420

80
847
882

110
763
796

1 ,848

1 ,885

1,021

1,013

306
7
102
103
96

289
8
95
85
101

138
867

995

42,799 42,920
8,020 8,115
1,172
1,101
889

897

1,487
4,542

1,436
4,610

11,439
3,047

11,806
3,078

473
86
410

421
160
428

2,077

2,069

31,360
4,973

432
218
447
816

404
772

Males

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months . . .

16
217

1,840

1 , 953

632
186
35
95
316

664
180
59
110
314

31,114
5,037

3,733
1,282

3 , 970
1 , 121

628
803

751
737

1,077
2,465

1,008
2,541

246
183
352
500

197
172
294
458

Females

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
,
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months




874
986

948
909

1,429
2,965

1,302
2,998

67

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands]
Hispanic origin2
Employment status
IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .

159,922

162,591

140,336

142,468

16,797

17,179

7,512

7,923

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

101,615
63.5
96,010
3,215
92,796
5,605
5.5
5«,307

103,847
63.9
98,049
3,240
94,810
5,798
5.6
58,744

89,517
63.8
85,230
2,900
82,330
4,287
4.8
50,819

91,432
64.2
86,956
2,950
84,008
4,473
4.S
51,036

10,308
61.4
9,113
261
8,852
1, 195
11.6
6,489

10,510
61.2
9,310
238
9,072
1,199
11.4
6,670

4,847
64.5
4,455
183
4,272
392
8.1
2,665

5,061
63.9
4,626
220
4,405
435
8.6
2,862

Civilian noninstitutional population .

67,489

68,814

59,902

61,001

6,460

6,631

3,074

3,242

Civilian labor force
.,
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

53,882
79.8
51,853
2,329
49,523
2,030
3.S
13,607

54,735
79.5
52,545
2,389
50,156
2,190
4.0
14,078

48,056
80.2
46,490
2,069
44,420
1,566
3.3
11,846

48,775
80.0
47,077
2,153
44,924
1,698
3.5
12,226

4,934
76.4
4,510
221
4,289
424
8.6
1,526

5,043
76. 1
4,5S8
197
4,402
444
8.8
1,587

2,631
85.6
2,487
140
2,347
144
5.5
443

2,758
85.1
2,599
180
2,419
159
5.8
484

Civilian noninstitutional population .

76,003

77,425

66,53 6

67,659

8, 1C6

8,327

3,444

3,656

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

38 ,520
50.7
36 ,397
568
35 ,829
2 ,123
5.5
37 ,483

39 ,993
51.7
37 ,812
571
37 ,241
2 ,181
5.5
37 ,433

33,238
50.0
31,632
532
31,100
1,606
4.8
33,299

34,484
51.0
32,822
531
32,290
1,662
4.8
33,175

4,521
55.8
4,056
27
4,029
465
10.3
3,585

4,662
56.0
4,200
31
4,1£9
462
9.9
3,666

1,716
49.8
1,567
26
1,541
149
8.7
1,728

1,778
48.6
1,604
24
1,580
174
9.8
1,878

16,429

16,352

13,898

13,807

2,231

2,221

994

1,025

9,213
56.1
7,761
317
7,443
1,452
15.8
7,216

9, 119
55.8
7,692
280
7,412
1,427
15. 7
7,233

8,224
59.2
7,109
299
6,810
1,115
13.6
5,674

8,173
59.2
7,05S
266
6,794
1,114
13.6
5,634

853
38.2
548
14
534
305
35.8
1,377

805
36.2
512
11
501
2S3
36.4
1,417

501
50.4
401
17
384
100
19.9
493

525
51.2
423
17
406
102
19.5
500

Males, 20 years and over

Females, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, they comprised about
89 percent of the "black and other" population group.
3
Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means
that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.

68




HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60 Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Ricanr and Cuban origin
by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
|

Employment status

yv; ""
1979

Puerto Bican origin

i origin

Total Hispanic ori

IV
i
j 97B j

Cuban origin

1979

IV
1978

.1979

1,009.

579

594

IV

IV

1979

1978

IV

.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . ,
Employment . .
Agriculture .
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment . . . ,
Unemployment rate . . .
Not in labor force

7,923

4,456

4,746

1,064

4,347
64.5
4 j 4'; 5
183
4,272
392
3.1
2,665

5,061
63,9
4,626
220
4,405
4.15
8.6
2,362

2,99?
67.1
2,76?
! 6J
2 3 602
230
7.7
1,464

3,173
66.9
2,884

532

512

50.0

50.7
458

3,074

3,242

1,910

2,031

2,6:n
8.3,6
2,487
140
2 , .34 7
144
5.5
443

2,758
85.1
2,599
180
2,419
159
5,8
484

1,672
87.5
1,592
122
1,470
80
4.8
238

1,782
87.7
1,679

78.9
269
5
264
30

3,656

289
9.1

11.7

10.5

1,573

531

497

390
67,4
354
7
348
36
9.2
188

380

363

225

225

300

285

78.5

194
86.2

84.9

179
7
172
15
7.9
31

198

2,686

470
6
464
62

4

454
54

387

65.2
362

3
358
26
6.6
206

Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . . .
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagriculturai industries . . . .
Unemployment
Unemployment rate

191

103
5.8
249

10.1
80

265
1
263
20
7.2
78

1,916

2,076

543

492

299

299

1,778
48.6
1.604
24
1,580
174
9,8
1 ,878

982
51.3
892
23
869
90
9.2
934

1,019
49.1

185

179

169

163

34.1

36.4
160
3
157
19

57.0
155

54.5

313

155
13
7.9
130

152
11

11.2
1,057

167
—
167
17
9.5
358

135

994

1,025

630

640

142

154

54

70

501
50,4
"01
17
384
.100
19.9
493

525
51.2
423
17
406
102
19.5
500

338
53.7
278
1.5
263
59
17.6
292

372

48

48

58.1

33.8

31.2

34
2
32
14
(2)
94

33
—
34
14
(2)
106

28
(2)
20

47.1

300
15
286
7.1

20

27

164

1,515

182

3
179

9
4.7
33

Not in iabor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force!
Percent of population . . .
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultura! industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate .
Not in iabor force

49.8
1,567
26
149
8.7
1,728

...

905
20
885
114

10.6

152

6.6

......
Both sexes, 16-19 year:;

Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagriculturai industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate .
Not in labor force .

..

268

27

7

6

(2)
27

(2)
38

...
...

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not
shown separately.
2
Percent not shown where oase is less than 60,000.




19,2

33

NOTE: See note, table A-59.

69

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Black and other

White

Total
Selected categories

Hispanic origin

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

96,010
55,896
40,114

98,049
56,533
41,516

85,230
50,191
35,039

86,958
50,742
36,217

10,780
5,705
5,075

11,091
5,791
5,300

4,455
2,715
1,740

4,626
2,852
1,774

48,415
14,686
10,152
6,161
17,416
31,976
12,621
11,111
3,637
4,607
12,951
2,668

50,342
15,329
10,629
6,438
17,946
32,158
12,974
11,064
3,643
4,476
12,946
2,604

44,444
13,398
9,625
5,845
15,575
28,010
11,671
9,428
3,099
3,812
10,367
2,410

46,113
13,988
10,024
6,121
15,980
28,007
11,930
9,334
3,085
3,658
10,456
2,382

3,971
1,288
527
316
1,841
3,966
950
1,683
538
795
2,584
258

4,230
1,342
605
316
1,967
4,150
1,044
1,730
558
818
2,489
222

1,452
337
246
179
690
2,119
597
980
176
366
734
150

1,521
350
275
191
705
2,154
640
1,005
170
339
784
166

,342
,598
275

1,352
1,611
277

1,097
1,534
270

1,135
1,548
266

245
64
5

217
63
10

164
16
3

200
20

,003
,564
,439
,345
,094
,368
424

87,689
15,650
72,038
1,263
70,775
6,740
381

75,951
13,077
62,874
897
61,977
5,983
396

77,319
13,200
64,119
862
63,257
6,323
367

10,052
2,487
7,565
447
7,118
386
28

10,370
2,450
7,920
401
7,519
416
15

4,060
622
3,438
77
3,361
201
11

4,191
616
3,574
97
3,477
200
15

78,358
3,115
14,537

79,903
3,360
14,787

69,430
2,550
13,250

70,696
2,758
13,504

8,927
565
1,287

9,207
602
1,282

3,773
202
480

3,911
247

IV

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and saiary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

See footnote 2, table A-59.
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed

70



proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.

468

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
[in thousands]
Puerto Rican

Total Hispanic
origin 1
Selected categories

Mexican origin

Cuban origin

origin

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

4,455
2,715
1,740

4,626
2,852
1,774

2,762
1,745
1,017

2,884
1,861
1,023

470
287
184

458
284
174

354
191
163

362
197
165

1,452

1,521

337

350

812
155

816
159

246
179

275
191

147
89

144
93

142
32
20
22
68
228
56
127
24
21
95
6

173
42
25
19
87
183
42
99
16
26
101

139
39
21
19
60
170
50
97
7
16
42
2

155
45
29
25
56
163
45
85
15
18
43
1

CHARACTERISTICS

Males

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

690

705

421

420

2,119

2,154

1,369

1,433

597

640

385

423

980
176
366

1,005
170
339

590
114
280

647
114
249

734
150

784
166

446
129

482
153

164
16
3

200
20

147
11
3

185
12
1

6

3
1

5
1

2
1

4,060
622
3,438
77
3,361
201
11

4,191
616
3,574
97
3,477
200
15

2,492
407
2,086
55
2,031
105
4

2,587
387
2,200
64
2,136
90
9

445
77
369
1
368
18
1

438
90
347
2
345
16

323
31
292
1
291
25
1

327
37
290
2
288
30
1

3,773

3,911

2,321

2,423

202
480

247
468

135
306

181
280

412
24
35

397
13
48

299
8
47

304
15
43

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagriculturel industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government .
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons

See footnote 1, table A-60.




See footnote 2, table A-61.

71

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
tin thousands]
Total
Sex and age

1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

1978

IV
1979

1978

IV
1979

96,010

98,049

85,230

86,958

9,113

9,310

4,455

4,626

7,761
3,143
4,618
13,732
74,517
60,141
14,375

7,692
3,141
4,551
13,856
76,501
61,986
14,515

7,109
2,917
4,193
12,154
65,967
52,988
12,979

7,059
2,922
4,138
12,249
67,650
54,544
13,105

548
181
366

512
169
343

1,334
7,232
5,998
1,234

1,348
7,451
6,224
1,227

401
144
257
782

423
139
284
804

3,271
2,895

3,399
3,004

IV

16 tr 19 years
16 to 17 years . .
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

. .

25 to 54 years
55 years and < ver
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

. .

...

Females 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin2

Black1

White
IV

IV

376

396

55,896

56,533

50,191

50,742

4,800

4,860

2,715

2,852

4,044
1,617
2,427
7,384
44,468
35,578
8,890

3,988
1,633
2,355
7,453
45,092
36,234
8,859

3,702
1,500
2,202
6,589
39,902
31,824
8,078

3,664
1,519
2,146
6,616
40,461
32,392
8,069

290

262

228

253

93
197
675

88
173
704

86
142
470

88
165
471

3,835
3,130

3,894
3,217

2,016
1,764

2,128
1,877

706

677

253

251

40,114

41,516

35,039

36,217

4,313

4,450

1,740

1,774

3,717
1,526
2,191
6,348
30,049
24,563
5,486

3,704
1,508
2,197
6,403
31,409
25,753
5,656

3,408
1,417
1,991
5,565
26,066
21,165
4,902

3,395
1,403
1,992
5,632
27,190
22,153
5,037

257

250

173

88
169
659

81
170
644

58
115
313

170
51
119
333

3,398
2,869

3,556
3,007

1,254
1,131

1,271
1,127

528

549

123

145

See footnote 1, table A-59.

See footnote 2, table A-59.

A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
Sex and age

Total 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
16 to 17 years

....

18 t o 19 years.
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Males 16 vears and over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years

.

18 t o 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years

Fetvja'es 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years

.

.

18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and o\ifr

See footnote 1, table A-59.

72



. . .

Hispanic origin 2

Black 1

White

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

5.5

5.6

4.8

4.9

11.6

11.4

8.1

8.6

15.8
18.7
13.6
8.4
3.7
4.0

15.7
17.2
14.5
8.8
3.8
4.1

13.6
16.9
11.1
6.7
3.4
3.5

13.6
15.3
12.4
7.4
3.4
3.6

35.8
38.7
34.2
20.6
7.0
7.4

36.4
40.9
33.8
19.8
7.1
7.8

19.9
27.7
14.8
9.5
6.0
6.3

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

5.1

3.7

3.8

19.5
26.8
15.3
11.4
6,3
6.5
5.0

4.8

4.9

4.1

4.3

10.7

10.7

6.7

6.8

16.1
19.9
13.3
8.0
3.0
3.1

15.6
17.7
14.1
8.5
3.2
3.4

14.0
18.2
11.0
6.5
2.7
2.8

13.9
16.2
12.2
7.4
2.8
2.9

34.1
39.5
31.1
20.3
6.2
6.6

34.5
37.2
33.1
18.3
6.9
7.5

17.9
25.7
12.3
8.2
4.8
5.0

16.2
20.4
13.7
10.0
4.8

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.4

4.3

4.0

3.8

4.9

6.5

6.5

5.7

5.7

12.6

12.2

10.3

11.4

15.4
17.3
14.1
8.7
4.8

15.7
16.7
15.0
9.2
4.7

13.0
15.5
11.2
7.0

13.3
14.2
12.7
7.4
4.3

37.6
37.9
37.5
20.9
7.9

38.2
44.5
34.6
21.5
7.4

22.4
30.5
17.6
11.4
7.9

5.1
3.3

5.0
3.1

4.7

4.5
3.0

8.2
6.2

8.1
3.3

8.3
3.9

24.0
35.7
17.4
13.3
8.8
9.3
5.2

4.4
3.0

See footnote 2, table A-59.

4.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]

White

Total
Weeks of unemployment

Hispanic origin1

Black and other

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

5,605
2,651
1,828
1,125
640

4,473
2,237
1,448
788
464
324

1,318
543
444
331
183
148

1,325
556
455
314
156
157

392
206
124
62
43
19

435
228
146
61
46
14

9.9
5.0

13.3
7.2

12.8
7.1

8.6
4.8

8.0
4.8

100.0
50.0
32.4
17.6
10.4
7.2

100.0
41.2
33.7
25.1
13.9
11.2

100.0
42.0
34.4
23.6
11.8
11.9

100.0
52.6
31.6
15.8
11.0
4.8

100.0
52.5
33.6
13.8
10.6
3.2

IV

Duration
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks

486

5,798
2,794
1,903
1,102
621
481

11.1
5.6

10.5
5.4

4,287
2,109
1,384
795
457
338
10.4
5.2

100.0
47.3
32.6
20.1
11.4

100.0
48.2
32.8
19.0
10.7
8.3

100.0
49.2
32.3
18.5
10.7
7.9

Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks

5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

See footnote 2, table A-59.

A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Reason for unemployment

Hispanic origin1

Black and other

White

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

5,605
2,283
618
1,665
839
1,742
741

5,798
2,588
826
1,761
816
1,699
• 696

4,287
1,745
505
1,240
701
1,342
499

4,473
2,015
690
1,326
688
1,290
480

1,318
538
112
425
138
400
242

1,325
572
137
436
128
409
216

392
172
31
141
57
111
52

435
225
52
173
64
94
52

100.0
40.7
11.0
29.7
15.0
31.1
13.2

100.0
44.7
14.3
30.4
14.1
29.3
12.0

100.0
40.7
11.8
28.9
16.4
31.3
11.6

100.0
45.0
15.4
29.6
15.4
28.8
10.7

100.0
40.8
8.5
32.3
10.5
30.3
18.4

100.0
43.2
10.3
32.9
9.6
30.8
16.3

100.0
43.9
7.9
36.0
14.5
28.3
13.3

100.0
51.7
12.0
39.8
14.7
21.6
12.0

2.2

2.5
.8
1.6
.7

2.0

2.2
.8
1.4
,5

4.4
1.1
3.3
2.0

4.6
1.0
3.3
1.7

3.5
1.2
2.3
1.1

4.4
1.3
1.9
1.0

IV
1978

IV
1979

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1.7
.7

1.5
.6

See footnote 2, table A-59.




73

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-67.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Civilian labor force

Civilian
noninrtitutional
population

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Employed
Number

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

8,424

8,559

7,990

8, 130

7,645

7,319

664

476

593

435

521

385

6,998
2,175
3,524
1,2 99
762

7,189
1,356
3,633
1,700
894

6,742
2,076
3,405
1,261
656

6,925
1,747
3,536
1,642
770

6,490
1,958
3,3 07
1,225
634

14,012
6,337
4,019
3,655

14,923
6,833
4,301
3,788

13,358
6,0C6
3,848
3,505

14,231
6,487
4,116
3,628

12,877
5,738
3,730
3,409

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

VETERANS 1
Total 20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over

345
71

311
50

4.3

3.8

12.0

11.5

6,686
1,658
3,438
1,590
748

252
118
99
35

238
89
98
52

3.7
5.7
2.9
2.8

22

22

3.4

3.4
5.1
2.8
3.1
2.9

13,656
6, 192
3,954
3,510

4 82
268
118
95

575
295
162

3.6
4.5
3.1
2.7

4.0
4.5
3.9
3.2

NONVETERANS 2
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 t o 39 years

ne

1

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964 and May 1975.
Monveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
3

A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39 years by age, race, and
Hispanic origin, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status

Black and other

Hispanic origin 1

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

6,333
6,117
5,915
202
3.3

6,444
6,224
6,036
188
3.0

665
625
575
50
8.0

745
701
650
51
7.3

261
247
234
13
5.3

1,942
1,857
1,769
88
4.7

1,604
1,508
1,441
67
4.4

233
219
189
30
13.7

252
239
217
22
9.2

3,215
3,115
3,029
86
2.8

3,309
3,231
3,155
76
2.4

309
290
277
13
4.5

1,176
1,145
1,117
28
2.4

1,531
1,485
1,440
45
3.0

123
116
109
7
6.0

Black and other

Hispanic origin3

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

248
230
220
10
4.3

12,129
11,660
11,293
367
3.1

12,999
12„496
12 ,,058
438
3.5

1,882
1,697
1,583
114
6.7

1,925
1,735
1,598
137
7.9

966
924
877
47
5.1

1,056
1,000
943
57
5.9

113
106
97
9
8.5

81
73
70
3
4.1

5,537
5,305
5,098
207
7.0

6,023
5.,774
5^,538
236
4.1

800
700
639
61
8.7

811
713
654
59
8.3

399
390
371
19
4.9

438
416
397
19
4.6

324
305
283
22
7.2

111
107
104
3
2.8

108
103
100
3
2.9

3,454
3,325
3,243
82
2.5

3,694
3,560
3,443
117
3.3

565
523
487
36
6.9

608
556
511
45
8.1

293
274
262
12
4.4

332
317
297
20
6.3

169
157
150
7
4.5

37
34
33

59
54
50
4
(3)

3,138
3,030
2,952
78
2.6

3,282
3,162
3 ,,077
85
2.7

517
474
457
17
3.6

506
466
433
33
7.1

274
260
244
16
6.2

286
267
249
18
6.7

Total, 25 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 yean
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
36 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
. . .

2

See footnote 1, table A-67.
See footnote 2. table A-59.

74




(3)
1

Percent not shown where base is less than 60.000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

A-69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolhan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Employment status

Total

IV
1978

Central cities

IV
1979

IV
1978

Suburbs

Total

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

46,000
28,957
63.0
26,987
1,971
6.8
17,044

62,757
41,394
66.0
39,463
1,929
4.7
21,364

64,481
42,795
66.4
40,767
2,028
5.4
21,687

51,431
31,665
61.6
29,945
1,721
5.6
19,766

52,109
32,096
61.6
30,297
1,799
2.2
20,013

4,795
3,004
62.6
2,939
65
2.2
1,791

4,582
2,884
62.9
2,823
61
2.1
1,698

46,636
28,661
61.5
27,006
1,656
5.8
17,962

47,527
29,212
61.5
27,474
1,738
5.9
18,315

Total
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

108,490 110,482 45,733
69,950 71,751 28,556
62.4
64.9
64.5
66,065 67,752 26,602
3,884
3,999 1,955
5.6
. 6.8
5.6
38,541 38,730 17,177

Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . . . . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

45,652
36,908
80.8
35,497
1,411
3.8
8,744

46,577 18,819
37,501 14,656
80.5
77.9
35,985 13,893
764
1,516
5.2
4.0
9,076 4,162

18,960
14,747
77.8
13,952
796
5.4
4,212

26,833
22,252
82.9
21,604
647
2.9
4,582

27,618
22,754
82.4
22,033
720
3.2
4,864

21,837
16,974
77.7
16,355
619
3.6
4,863

22,236
17,234
77.5
16,560
674
3.9
5,002

2,157
1,785
82.7
1,760
25
1.4
372

2,098
1,721
82.0
1,700
22
1.3
377

19,680
15,189
77.2
14,595
594
3.9
4,491

20,138
15,513
77.0
14,860
652
4.2
4,625

51,768
26,764
51.
25,308
1,456
5.4
25,004

52,91
28,046
53.0
26,510
1,535
5.5
24,86

22,544
11,621
51.5
10,890
731
6.3
10,922

22,670
11,956
52.7
11,220
737
6.2
10,714

29,224
15,143
51.8
14,418
725
4.8
14,082

30,242
16,090
53.2
15,290
800
5.0
14,152

24,235
11,756
48.5
11,089
667
5.7
12,479

24,513
11,947
48.7
11,302
645
5.4
12,566

2,034
912
44.8
891
20
2.2
1,122

1,966
891
45.3
873
18
2.1
1,075

22,201
10,844
48.8
10,198
647
6.0
11,357

22,547
11,056
49.0
10,429
627
5.7
11,491

11,070
6,278
56.7
5,261
1,017
16.2
4,792

10,992
6,205
56.4
5,257
948
15.3
4,787

4,370
2,278
52.1
1,819
459
20.1
2,093

4,372
2,253
51.5
1,815
438
19.4
2,117

6,700
4,000
59.7
3,442
558
14.0
2,699

6,622
3,951
59.7
3,442
510
12.9
2,670

5,359
2,935
5.4.8
2,500
435
14.8
2,424

5,360
2,914
54.4
2,435
479
16.5
2,445

604
307
50.9
288
19
6.2
297

517
271
52.4
251
21
7.6
246

4,755
2,628
55.3
2,212
416
15.8
2,127

4,843
2,643
54.6
2,184
458
17.3
2,199

93,652
60,611
64.7
57,756
2,854
4.
33,041

94,892
61,933
65.3
58,978
2,955
4.8
32,958

35,059
22,008
62.8
20,859
1,149
5.2
13,050

35,054
22,289
63.6
21,137
1,151
5.2
12,766

58,593
38,603
65.9
36,897
1,705
4.4
19,991

59,837
39,645
66.3
37,841
1,804
4.6
20,193

46,685
28,907
61.9
27,474
1,432
5.0
17,778

47,576
29,498
62.0
27,980
1,518
5.1
18,078

4,476
2,840
63.4
2,788
52
1.8
1,636

4,324
2,755
63.7
2,706
50
1.8
1,568

42,209
26,067
61.8
24,686
1,380
5.3
16,142

43,252
26,743
61.8
25,274
1,468
5.5
16,510

14,839
9,339
62.9
8,309
l,03C
11C
5.50C

15,590 10,674
6,548
9,818
61.3
63.C
8,774 5,743
806
1,044
12.3
10.6
5,772 4,126

10,947
6,669
60.9
5,849
820
12.3
4,278

4,165
2,791
67.0
2,566
224
8.0
1,374

4,644
3,150
67.8
2,925
224
7.1
1,494

4,747
2,759
58.1
2,471
288
10.4
1,988

4,533
2,597
57.3
2,317
280
10.8
1,936

319
164
51.5
151
13
7.7
155

258
128
49.7
117
11
8.5
130

4,428
2,595
58.6
2,320
275
10.6
1,833

4,275
2,469
57.8
2,200
269
10.9
1,806

Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




75

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)

Nonpoverty

areas

areas

Employment status

Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Poverty

Poverty
areas
IV

IV

IV

1978

1979

IV
1978

28 ,836
16 ,247
56.3

28 ,918

1 3 1 ,086

16 ,327

14 ,907
1 ,339

15 ,052
1 ,276

85 ,368
65.1
81 ,103
4 ,265

133,673
87,520
65.5
82,998
4,522

8.2

7.8

5.0

1? ,589

12 ,591

1979

Nonpoverty

Poverty

areas

areas

Nonpoverty
areas

IV
1978

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

IV

1979

1978

1979

1978

L979

1978

1979

11,039

10,924

99,558

6,063

6,007

65,744

17 ,796
10 ,184

17 ,994
10 ,320

33 ,635
21 ,482

34 ,115
21 ,776

66.0

57.2

57.4

63.9

62,403

9 ,548
636

20 ,397

63.8
20 ,594
1 ,181

12 ,153

12 ,339

Total
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force

56.5

54.9

55.0

5,360

5,349
658

5.2

703
11.6

97 ,451
63 ,887
65.6
60 ,706
3 ,181

11.0

5.0

45 ,717

46,153

4,976

4,916

33 ,564

121,949
79,606
65.3
75,821

5,691
3,177
55.8
2,921

5,493
3,096
56.4
2,842

87 ,961
57 ,433

3,786
4.8

256

255
8.2

2 ,598

8.1

5.1
33,814

7 ,613

9 ,702
618
6.0
7 ,674

89,399

14 ,662

15 ,026

32 ,022

32 ,550

58,837
65.8
56,137

8 ,501
58.0
8 ,054

8 ,729
58.1
8 ,296

20 ,406
63.7
19 ,420

20 ,769
63.8
19 ,684

3,341

6.2

1 ,085
5.0

5.4

White
Civilian noninstitutional
population

20 ,354

20 ,519

119 ,983

Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
. . .

11 ,678
57.4
10 ,976

1 1 ,825
57.6
,138

Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force

703
6.0

688
5.8

77 ,839
64.9
74 ,255
3 ,584

n

8 ,675

8 ,693

4.6
42 ,144

8 ,482
4 ,568

8 ,399
4 ,502

53.9
3 ,931
637

53.6
3 ,914
588

13.9
3 ,914

13.1
3 ,897

65.3
54 ,835

2,700
4.6

1 ,085

5.3
6 ,162

433
5.0

986

4.5

4.8

6 ,297

11 ,617

5.2
1 1 ,781

447

42,342

2,514

2,397

30 ,527

30,562

1 1 ,103
7 ,530

11,724

5,431

9 ,490
6 ,453

10,160

3 ,134

2 ,969

1 ,613

1 ,565

6,907

1 ,683

1 ,591

1 ,076

1 ,006

67.8
6 ,848

67.5
7,177
737

5,348
2,886
54.0

68.0

68.0

2,508

5 ,871

6,266

53.6
1 ,406

403

583
9.0

641

53.7
1 ,493
190

66.7

2,438

11.3

185
11.6

99
9.2

1 ,451

1 ,377

537

64.3
910
96
9.5
558

Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

681
9.0
3 ,574

7,913

9.3
3,811

447
15.5
2,463

2,911
53.6

13.8
2,520

3 ,037

9.3
3,253

978

A-71. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Sex, age, and race

Metropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

IV
1979

IV
1978

1979

Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over

8.2
6.0

7.8
5.4

5.2
3.7

5.0
3.3

5.1
3.7

6.2
4.4

6.0
4.1

5.0
3.3

5.4
3.8

8.3
21.2

7.6
23.2

11.6
9.0
10.6

11.0
7.8

Females, 20 years and over . . . .

5.0
3.3
5.0

10.3

4.9

5.0

6.8

5.9

5.1

5.2

31.1

32.2

14.8

13.7

15.4

17.9

14.6

15.8

6.0
4.6
6.2

5.8
3.9
6.0

4.6
3.3
4.6
12.3

5.3
3.9
5.6
12.4

5.0
3.4
5.0
15.1

5.2

17.3

4.5
3.0
4.5 •
13.4

4.8

14.5

8.2
5.4
8.8
23.3

3.1
5.0
13.5

3.7
4.9
15.3

13.9
10.2
13.1
36.8

IV

IV

IV

Total

Both sexes, 16-19 years

14.7

5.1
14.3

White
B o t h sexes, 16 years a n d over . . . .
Males, 2 0 years a n d over
Females, 2 0 years a n d over . . . .
B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years

4.6
3.1
4.6
13.4

4.8
3.4
4.7
13.1

8.1
6.5
7.6
20.5

13.1
10.0

9.0

9.3

15.5

13.8

9.0

9.3

11.3

11.6

9.2

9.5

6.6

12.1

10.8

11.2
37.8

7.9
32.0

7.3
8.4

13.5

11.5

6.6
8.2

7.5
8.2

7.0
12.3

8.6
10.6

6.7
6.5

5.7
10.1

29.6

41.3

41.9

31.2

30.0

29.2

31.1

35.7

27.5

Black and other
B o t h sexes, 1 6 years a n d o v e r . . . .
Males, 2 0 years a n d o v e r . . . . . .
F e m a l e s , 2 0 years a n d o v e r . . . .
B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years

76




HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

Family relationship
Total

IV
1978

IV
1979

Percent of unemployed:

Percent of unemployed:

With no
employed
person in

family

With at least
With at least one person in
one employed family emperson in
ployed full
family
time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at least
With at (east one person in
one employed family emperson in
ployed full
family
time

TOTAL
Unemployed total
Unemployed in families'

. .

. . .

Husbands 3

5,605

38.0

62.0

56.3

5,798

39.0

61.0

54.7

4,775

27.2
48.5
10.7
11.0

72.8
51.5
89.3
89.0

66.1
39.1
83.9
85.3

4,950
1,096
1,159
1,566

28.5
48.5
12.8
10.2

71.5
51.5
87.2
89.8

64.1
40.1
82.0
84.7

379
679
830

79.7
33.9

20.3
66.1

13.7
58.0

430
699
848

82.3
31.3

17.7
68.7

12.6
57.7

4,287

35.9

64.1

58.5

4,473

37.3

62.7

56.7

3,638
801
1,019
1,217

24.5
48.8
10.2
9.8

75.5
51.2
89.8
90.2

68.9
38.8
84.6
87.0

3,793
906

26.1
48.5
12.8
10.1

73.9
. 51.5
87.2
89.9

66.9
39.6
81.9
85.7

218

75.2
29.2

24.8
70.8

17.0
61.9

247

77.7
26.9

22.3
73.1

16.2
62.7

963

1,206
1,548

Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head familiesRelatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 3
White
Unemployed total

.

.

Unemployed, in families'
Husbands :
. ..
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives o f female heads
Unemployed, not in families

. .

383

1,286
386

—

680

649

3

986

Black 4
Unemployed total
Unemployed, in families 1
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads .
Unemployed, not in families 3

.

. . .

. . .

1,195

45.1

54.9

48.4

1,199

45.2

54.8

47.2

1,037

36.7
46.8
13.3
16.3

63.3
53.2
86.7
83.7

55.7
39.0
80.1
77.6

1,047

37.2
47.9
12.4
10.8

62.8
52.1
87.6
89.2

54.1
42.9
81.4
79.2

85.3
40.1

14.7
59.9

9.6

52.3

173
297
152

88.4
37.7

11.6
62.3

50.8

—

—

166
295
156
279
157

In primary families only.
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.
2




163
145
269

8.1

Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about I I percent of the
"black and other" population group.
4

77

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

Family relationship
Total

IV
1978

TV
1979

Percent of employed:

Percent of employed:

With another
With no other With another
person in
employed per- employed per- family emson in family son in family
ployed full
time

Total

With no other With another
employed per- employed person in family son in family

With another
person in
family employed full
time

TOTAL
Employed, total
Employed, in families 1 . . .
Husbands2

96,010

37.2

62.8

53.7

98,049

37.2

62.8

53.6

82,485

26.9
39.2
7.9
6.5

73.1
60.8
92.1
93.5

62.5
44.2
88.1
90.2

86,657
39,940
23,207
12,302

26.4

73.6
61,

62.8

8.5

91,

87.2

6.4

93,

90.0

67.3
27.3

32.7

21.6

4,698

65.9

34.1

72.7

61.9

3,510

27.5

72.5

23.7
62.1

53.8

39,859

Wives

22,487

Relatives in husband-wife families

12,290
4,523

Women who head families

3,335

Relatives of female heads .
Employed, not in families 3 .

13,525

38.3

44.9

14,392

White

85,230

36.7

63.3

53.9

86,958

36.7

63.3

73,468
36,309
20,193
11,102

26.5
39.7
7.5
6.4

73.5
60.3
92.5
93.6

62.6
43.2
88.6
90.6

74,422

26.0

74.0

62.9

36,400

38.7

61.3

43.9

20,825

8.0
6.2

92.0

87.6

11,081

93.8

90.4

Women who head families .

3,352

65.0

35.0

22.7

3,422

63.3

36.7

25.0

Relatives of female heads .
Employed, not in families 3 . .

2,512

26.5

73.5

63.0

2,694

27.3

72.7

62.7

Employed, total
Employed, in families
Husbands2
Wives

1

Relatives in husband-wife families .

11,762

12,536

Black4
Employed, total
Employed, in families 1 . . .
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families . .
Relatives of female heads . .
Employed, not in families 3 . . .

See footnote 1, table A-72.
See footnote 2, table A-72.

78



9,113

42.3

7,628

31.1

57.7

50.8

9,310

42.7

57.3

50.5

60.6

7,757

31.3

68.7

60.6

2,942

34.9

54.7

2,924

33.6

66.4

55.6

1,882

11.6

83.0

1,937

13.0

87.0

82.6

940

8.8

85.1

95.0

9.6

90.4

83.9

1,096
768
1,485

74.2
29.7

18.7
58.5

1,194
752
1,554

74.0
29.0

26.0
71.0

19.7
58.9

25.8
70.3

See footnote 3, table A 72.
See footnote 4, table A-72.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry division. 1920 to date
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Transportation
turing

Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale
trade

public
utilities

Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate

State
and
local

12, 738
12,618
13, 301
11,958
10,272

1,239
1,089
1,185
1,114
1,050
1,087
1,009
873

863
1,461
1,570
1,623
1,621
1,512
1,387
1,229

10,658
9,939
10,156
10,001
9,947
10,702
9,562
8,170

14,605
16,304
16,923
17,253
17,397
18,053
17,481
16,392

3,998
3,826
3,942
3,895
3,828
3,916
3,685
3,254

4,467
5,576
5,784
5,908
5,874
6,123
5,797
5,284

,160
,218
,290
,352
,420
,494
,460
,392

2,352
2,857
3,033
3,154
3,251
3,425
3,361
3,169

2,603
2,800
2,846
2,915
2,995
3,065
3,148
3,264

533
526
560

2,532
2,622
2,704

23,615
23,699
25#94C
27,039
29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603
32,361
36,53S

8, 647
8,965
10,261
10,893
11, 933
12,936
11,401
12,297
13,221
15,963

731
744
883
897
946
1,015
891
854
925
957

985
824
877
927
,160
,127
,070
,165
.311
,814

6,931
7,397
8,501
9,069
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278
10,985
13,192

14,996
-14,761
15,707
16,175
17,164
18,105
17,823
16,544
17,304
18,615

2,816
2,672
2,750
2,786
2,973
3, 134
2,863
2,936
3,038
3,274

4,683
4,755
5,281
5,431
5,809
6,265
6,179
6,426
6,750
7,210

,76 2
,835
,960

4,664
4,914
5,251

,3 26
,280
,304
,320
,373
,417
,410
,447
,485
,525

2,918
2,861
3,045
3,128
3,312
3^503
3,458
3,502
3,665
3,905

3,225
3,166
3,299
3,481
3,668
3,756
3,883
3,995
4,202
4,660

559
565
652
753
826
833
829
905
996
1,340

2,666
2,601
2,647
2,728
2,842
2,923
3,054
3,090
3,206
3,320

1942...
1943...
1944...
1945...
1946...
1947...
1948...
1949...
1950...
1951...

40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754
45,197
47,819

18,470
20, 114
19, 328
17, 507
17, 248
18, 509
18, 774
17, 565
18, 506
19, 959

992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
901
929

198
587
,108
147
.,683
2,009
2,198
2,194
2,364
2,637

15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
15,241
16,393

19,730
20,498
20,692
20,920
22,112
25,348
26,092
26,189
26,690
27,861

3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
,166
,189
,001
,034
,226

7,118
6,982
7,058
7,314
8,376
8,955
9,272
9,264
9,386
9,742

,906
,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602
2,635
2,727

5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662
6,751
7,015

,505
,481
,461
,481
,675
,728
,800
,828
,888
1,956

4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240
5,357
5,547

5,483
6,080
6,043
5,944
5,595
5,474
5,650
5,856
6,026
6,389

2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
1,928
2,302

3,270
3, 175
3,116
3,137
3,341
3,582
3,787
3,948
4,098
4,087

1952...
1953...
1954...
1955...
1956...
1957...
1S58--1959i..
1960 .
1961...

48,7S50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,266
54,189
53,999

20, 198
21, 074
19, 751
20, 513
21, 104
20, 964
19, 513
20, 411
20,434
19,857

898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
712
672

2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
2,926
2,859

16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675
16,796
16,326

28,595
29,127
29,238
30,128
31,264
31,888
31,810
32,858
33,756
34,142

i,248
^,290
4,084
4, 141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
4,004
3,903

10,004
10,247
10,235
10,535
10,858
10,886
10,750
11,127
11,391
11,337

2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082
3, 143
3, 133

7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045
8,248
8,204

2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
2,629
2,688

5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
7,378
7,620

6,609
6,645
6,751
6,914
7,278
7,616
7,839
8,083
8,353
8,594

2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
2,270
2,279

4,188
4,340
4,563
4,727
5,069
5,399
5,648
5,850
6,083
6,315

1962...
1963...
1964...
1965...
1966...
1967...
1968...
1969...
1970...
1971...
1972
1973...
1974
1975...
1976...
1977...
1978
1979P..
1978:
DEC.
1979:
JAN..
FEB..
HAB..
APR..
HAY..
JON..
J0L..
AUG..
SEPT.
OCT..
HOV.P
EEC.P

55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
70,880
71, 214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,423
86,446
89,497

20,451
20, 640
21, 005
21, 926
23, 158
23, 308,
23,737
24,362 C
23,577C
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,597
26,579

650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,271
4,642

16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,476
20,979

35,098
36,014
37,277
38,838
40,744
42,496
44,158C
46,022c
47,302
48,276C
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,077
60,849
62,918

3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4 , 158
4,268
4,318
4,442
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,927
5, 154

11,566
11,778
12,160
12,715
13,245
13,606
14,099
14,705
15,040
15,352
15,949
16,607
16,987
17,060
17,755
18,516
19,499
20,140

3, 198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,43 3
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,957
5,173

8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,542
14,968

2,754
2,830
2,911
2 , 977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,727
4,964

7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,220
17,047

8,890
9,225
9,596
10,074
10,784
11,391
11,839
12,195
12,554
12,881
13,334
13,732
14,170
14,686
14,871
15,079
15,476
15,613

2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,75b
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

6,550
6,868
7,248
7,696
8,220
8,672
9,102
9,437
9,823
10,185
10,649
11,068
11,446
11,937
12,138
12,352
12,723
12,840

88,893 26,220

916

4,4^02 20,902 62,673

5,084 20,523

5,09 2 15,431

25,671
25,647
26,039
26,252
26,594
27,083
26,934
27,030
27,156
27,052
26,836
26,655

910
915
926
932
944
968
976
986
980
982
985
992

3,998
3,957
4,226
4,413
4,662
4,881
4,993
5,048
4,984
4,976
4,877
4,688

5,010
5,028
5,060
4,989
5,125
5,231
5,200
5,210
5,242
5,244
5,253
5,255

5,066
5,067
5,098
5,112
5, 146
5,211
5,208
5,211
5,206
5,235
5,249
5,262

1920...
1925...
1926...
1927...
1928...
1929...
1930...
1931...

27,34G
28,766
29,806
29,962
29,986
31,324
29,409
26,635

1932...
1933...
1934...
1935...
1936...
1937...
1938...
1939...
1940...
1941...

87,128
87,331
88,207
88,820
89,671
90,541
89,618
89,673
90,211
90,678
90,908
91,179

12,760
12,489
12, 911

20,763
20,775
20,887
20,907
20,988
21,234
20,965
20,996
21,192
21,094
20,974
20,975

61,457
61,684
62,168
62,568
63,077
63,458
62,684
62,643
63,055
63,626
64,072
64,524

1
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of
212,000(0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month.




19,765
19,548
19,690
19,957
20,119
20,222
20,118
20,137
20,260
20,314
20,575
20,978

14,699
14,481
14,592
14,845
14,973
15,011
14,910
14,926
15,054
15,079
15,326
15,716

4,832 16,547 15,687

2,733 12,954

4,829
4,845
4,870
4,900
4,936
5,003
5,032
5,053
5,002
5,013
5,031
5,055

2,730
2,738
2,740
2,750
2,773
2,824
2,838
2,844
2,751
2,756
2,760
2,770

16,353
16,545
16,749
16,897
17,039
17,239
17,314
17,312
17,225
17,292
17,297
17,298

15,500
15,718
15,799
15,825
15,858
15,763
15,020
14,931
15,326
15,763
15,916
15,938

12,770
12,980
13,059
13,075
13,085
12,939
12,182
12,0b7
12,575
13,007
13,156
13,168

p = preliminary.
c=corrected.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers1

AlltmployMs

1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1978

TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Hoy.

1979 H

Dec. p
1979

90,678

90,908

91,179

74,915

74,992

75,241

59,773

60,021

61,250

61,291

61,540

920

916

982

985

992

697

692

735

736

740

93.3
25.1
28.9

93.5
24.8
29.3

99.3
24.9
33.1

100.3
25.0
33.6

-

72.0
20.4
22.2

72.0
20.0
22.5

76.2
19.9
25.7

76.9
20.0
26.1

-

259.2
256.2

261.7
258.6

-

216.9
214.3

215.2
212.5

215.9
213.2

218.0
215.3

-

-

308.9

310.1

339.1

339.7

-

-

91.0
217.9

91.5
218.6

94.9
244.2

95.1
244.6

-

98.7
34.7

94.7
32.7

103.3
36.2

101.2
35.3

258.5
255.5

255.8
252.8

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas
liquids
Oil and gas field services

445.2

447.0

494.2

495.7

188.4
256.8

189.2
257.8

205.0
289.2

206.4
289.3

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . . . .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

123.4
41.2
38.4
24.0

119.2
39.1
36.2
24.1

129.5
42.8
41.2
24.6

127.3
42.1
39.9
24.9

4,584

4,402

4,976

4,877

16
161
162

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31

DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS

Dec. p
1979

88,893

COAL MINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS

Nov. p
1979

73,206

11. 12
12

15
152
153
154

Oct.
1979

88,622

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

CONSTRUCTION

Dec.
1978

72,919

10
101
102

14
142
144
147

Nov.
1978

1,329.7 1,275.5 1,384.8 1,359.1
694.2
710.6
680.8
709.4
85.8
87.2
82.8
83.8
579.1
587.0
511.9
536.5

—
-

4,688
—
-

942.6
311.0
631.6

-

2,343.3 2,294.4 2,599.1 2,575.4
566.7
566.0
540.4
543.5
168.5
174.3
144.2
152.1
431.5
430.5
394.6
396.6
442.5
443.1
379.1
382.1
152.8
156.4
148.4
148.5
194.0
196.0
165.5
173.3

-

910.7
288.9
621. 8

831.9
237.7
594.2

991.8
341.7
650.1

3,691
1,050.9
553.8
55.5
441.6
751.7
250.0
501.7

3,510

-

4,021

-

3,916

995.4 1,084.2 1,057.2
524.1
540.0
523.2
54.2
55.9
54.4
417.1
488.3
479.6
676.4
199.4
477.0

832.2
299.1
533.1

—

-

3,736
—

-

782.4
269.0
513.4

1,888.7 1,837.9 2,104.3 2,076.6
418.7
416.0
434.8
434.1
129.4
120.9
148.4
141.2
312.8
310.6
340.3
340.5
333.5
330.1
387.9
386.9
117.0
116.0
122.4
117.8
143.4
135.1
161.1
159.1

—

-

20,903

20,902

21,094

20,974

20,975

15,058

15,047

15,082

14,961

12,583

12,616

12,737

12,669

12,694

9,057

9,081

9,058

8,991

9,019

8,320

8,286

8,357

8,305

8,281

6,001

5,966

6,024

5,970

5,950

757.2
87.8
230.3
189.9
33.3
225.5
79.3
50.2
27.7
49.9
43.5
85.1
58.1
85.0

753.9
86.5
229.6
189.2
33.4
226.2
80.3
50.3
27.8
49.9
43.3
83.3
57.2
85.0

771.3
95.6
23 3.9
193.5
32.4
22 6.5
78.4
51.6
27.3
50.2
42.6
85.9
59.8
86.8

749.9
91.9
228.8
188.4
32.2
219.7
76.3
50.3
27.2
48.8
41.3
81.8
56.7
86.4

731.4

646.1
72.0
205.5
169.9
29.3
189.9
65.2
41.4
24.8
43.7
38.4
68.6
49.0
71.7

642.9
70.7
204.9
169.3
29.4
190.7
66.0
41.8
24.9
43.8
38.0
66.9
48.1
71.7

659.3
80.9
209.3
173.6
28.4
190.2
63.8
44.0
24.3
43.6
37.5
68.6
49.4
72.8

637.1
77.2
204.0
168.6
28.0
182.9
61.7
42.4
24.1
42.1
36.1
64.5
46.2

617.9

498.0
333.4
146.8
103.8
32.8
32.4
48.1
26.0
63.5
27.0

498.4
332.9
147.1
103.3
33.2
32.1
48.2
26.2
63.7
27.4

487.6

488.3
323.0
144.0
99.0
32.2
32.0
47.4
25.3
65.7
26.9

488.1

409.6
283.8
130.1
86.0
26.6
25.3
39.0
19.8
48.3
18.7

409.7
283.4
130.5
85.4
26.9
25.0
39.0
20.0
48.4
18.9

398.7
273.3
127.2
82.0
24.4
25.4
37.4
19.1
50.1
18.8

399.3
274.2
127.6
81.9
26.0
24.9
37.8
19.1
49.7
18.5

14,969

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2*51
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture . . . :
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

See footnotes at end of table.

80




322.2
143.5
99.5
30.3
32.5
47.0
25.4
66.1
26.9

-

72.4

_
-

—

-

398.9
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1978

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

712.9
19.4
135.6
75.6
60.0
49.2
32.7
51.1
47.2
218.6
25.5

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

p

Dec.
1979

p

74.6
97.6
146.2
28.9
23.1
31.1

703.6
19.3
134.5
74.7
59.8
49.0
32.4
51.2
46.4
211.0
24.8
72.4
92.4
146.9
29.3
23.1
31.1

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1,236.1
564.4
475.5
31.2
244.2
154.2
23.1
54.1
70.8
36.1
215.3
33.8
35.1
86.1
95.9
54.3

1,243.0
565.6
476.0
31.5
245.9
155.3
22.7
54.7
71.1
36.2
216.0
33.1
35.3
87.4
97.9
55.7

1,225.1 1,217.2
555.4
548.8
466.1
461.0
31. 1
30.8
227.5
225.5
137.5
135.4
19.0
19.8
56.1
55.4
72.9
73.0
37.3
37.2
221.0
222.0
33.4
33.6
35.7
35.6
90.6
91.1
97.6
96.7
55.5
55.3

1,218.5
-

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3466
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades . . .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and iteel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and acassories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

1,717.9
78.5
64.8
187.1
64.9
105.7
76.2
28.6
36.0
519.0
102.3
89.2
148.6
107.2
31.5
114.2
54.2
60.0
313.8
54.3
121.0
127.2
106.7
73.4
33.3
60.9
26.4
261.5
102.4
55.5

1,723.6
76.7
63.0
187.2
65.1
105.6
76.7
28.5
36.7
518.7
103.0
87.4
149.7
107.1
31.5
115.9
55.2
60.7
314.4
54.8
121.3
126.9
107.1
73.6
33.5

1,738.3 1,737.4
76.9
76.9
62.4
62.4
183.2
184.4
64.6
65.0
102.4
103.0
77.3
78.0
29.1
29.1
37.1
37.3
532.2
531.5
108.8
109.6
90.9
90.1
148.5
148.7
111.3
111.1
31.7
31.9
121.2
122.0
58.0
58.4
63.2
63.6
302.6
298.3
56.2
55.3
105.0
102.'2
130. 1
129.2
109.6
110.0
74.0
74.3
35.6
35.7
59.9
60.2
26.5
26.7
275.4
276.1
108.4
109.2
58.3
58.8

1,731.6
-

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery

2,384.5
138.9
43.4
95.5
165.9
146.8
391.7
171.6

2,415.7 2,447.2 2,447.4
139.6
139.7
130.3
43.5
41.0
40.9
96.1
98.7
89.4
156.6
174.5
174.4
154.6
137.8
153.6
395.0
376.3
360.7
172.3
138.1
120.9

2,468.0
-

61.2
26.4
265.7
104.4
55.8

721.0
20.3
130.8
71.7
59.1
50.1
33.5
49.6
47.4
226.6
25.6
74.1
104.8
149.4
29.5
21.8
32.6

713.0
19.7
131.0
70.9
60.1
49.8
33.6
49.5
47.6
22U0
25.1
71.6
102.2
147.8
29.6
21.2
32.0

700.4
_
—
_
-

-

_
•
_
-

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

566.6
15.0
116.6
66.7
49.9
35.8
26.2
40.5
39.7
172.4
18.2
58.3
78.3
110.0
19.8
17.8
-

557.2
14.9
115.6
65.7
49.9
35.5
26.1
40.4
39.1
164.9
17.4
56.5
73.4
110.3
.20.1
^18.1
-

568.3
15.8
111.8
63.0
48.8
36.8
26.7
38.1
40.0
177.4
18.3
57.1
83.9
110.9
20.3
16.8

975.9
447.6
378.7
24.5
200.5
128.9
18.9
43.5
55.4
29.3
158.2
26.4
26.5
64.2
79.5
45.6

982.0
448.1
378.4
24.9
202.2
130.0
18.5
44.1
55.5
29.4
159.2
26.3
26.7
65.2
81.4
47.0

1,307.4
66.1
54.9
145.9
50.9
82.9
57.1
23.4
25.1
369. 1
74.1
67.4
97.1
79.9
22.7
89.9
44.8
45.1
255.2
43.5
102.6
100.3
87.8
61.2
26.6
42.4
18.5
193.9
69.6
42.8

1,310.9
64.3
53.1
146.1
51.3
82.8
57.4
23.3
25.6
368.2
74.5

1,571.7
91.3
22.8
68.5
117.3
104.0
261.9
117.7

Nov.
1979

p

Dec.
1979 P

561.4
15.2
111.7
62.1
49.6
36.7
26.8
38.3
40.1
172.6
17.8
55.0
81.6
109.6
20.3
16.5
-

549.5

959.4
437.1
367.8
24.4
184.4
113.1
15.0
44.7
56.4
29.8
162.6
25.7
27.2
67.0
79.7
46.1

951.5
430.6
362.8
24.1
182.9
111.5
15.5
44.4
56.4
29.6
163.3
25.8
27.2
67.5
78.9
46.0

952.5

1,312.0
64.6
52.7
142.1
50.7
79.6
57.5
23.9
26.0
376.3
78.3
68.6
96.5
82.4
22.9
95.0
47.9
47.1
242.9
44.2
87.8
102.1
89.3
61.0
28.3
40.6
18.3
203.7
73.9
45.2

1,311.3
64.6
52.8
143.3
50.9
80.5
58.4
24.0
26.2
375.8
79.4

1,304.8
-

1,601.1 1,596.2
91.8
91.6
23.0
21.0
70.6
68.8
125.9
107.0
111.7
93.8
246.6
265.0
118.9
92.C

1,603.1
85.0
21.0
64.0
125.1
110.3
238.7
81.9

65.6
98.1
79.6
22.8
91.1
45.7
45.4
255.5
43.9
102.7
100.0
88.3
61.5
26.8
42.5
18.5
197.5
71.6
43.1

-

_

-

-

-

-

67.9
95.9
82.7
22.9
95.7
48.0
47.7
238.5
43.1
84.5
101.8
89.7
61.3
28.4
40.7
18.4
204.6
74.5
45.8

_

—

_
1,622.6
_

-

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricufairal payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555

356
3561

3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621

3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641

3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661

3662
367
3671-3

3674
3679
369
3691

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

Industry

Nov.
1978

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans '.
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

36.8
81.1
3a. 3
37.5
353.7
73.7
25.5
131.5
64.2
34.6
202.-9
46.4
26.6
40.1
319.7
59.7
58.4
31.3
40.3
26.0
24.5
358.8
283.7
184.6
127.4
268.3
42.4
225.9

Dec.
1978

37.1
81.6
35.4
38.0
357.6
74.4
25.8
132.9
65.0
35.0
204.4
46.8
26.8
40.6
324.4
60.8
59.6
31.6
41.0
26.4
24.6
361.4
285.9
188.6
130.5
270.2
43.6
226.6

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

2 , 057.2 2,062.4
122.9
122.6
55.9
55.8
66.8
67.0
254.3
253.3
137.9
138.3
68.6
67.6
174.9
178.3
38.6
39.8
21.9
21.2
52.7
54.6
226.4
226.0
38.7
38.5
95.1
93.9
22.6
22.6
27.4
26.9
117.3
120.4
92.9
94.3
512.2
508.9
154.2
153.8
358.0
355. 1
485.0
479.2
41.9
42.1
181.4
178.6
192.2
189.2
169.4
168.5
32-4
32. 1
80.6
80.0

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles

2,073,
1,043.
481.
48.
479,
33.
560.
311,
138.
110,
219,
165,
54,
68.
92,
73.

See footnotes at end of table.

82




Oct.
1979

39.9
87.0
37.2
40.0
374.0
80.9
27.2
135.7
68.4
36.8
210.8
48.5
27.2
43.1
330.8
6.1.0
60.7
3 0.8
42.5
28.0
24.6
39 3.9
318.2
183.6
126.4
281.5
44.7
236.8
,143.
121.
55.
65.
259.
136.
72.
180.
38.
23.
53.
230.
38.
99.
22.
28.
115.
91.
541.
164.
376.
529.
44.
200.
208.
167.
33.
73.

2,087.6 2,040.9
1,047, 3
953.3
480, 6
432.3
48. 6
47.2
440.7
483, 9
33.1
34.
624.2
567.
347.4
314,
152.7
141.
124.1
111.
216.5
221.
167,
168.2
54.
48.3
72.6
69,
100.6
93.
79.3
74.

Nov.
1979

p

40.2
87.9
37.4
39.9
375.2
81.6
27.5
134.9
69.0
37.3
212.5
48.7
27.5
44.2
332.0
61.5
61.3
31.0
42.4
28.2
24.4
398.0
321.8
181.2
124.3
283.1
44.7
238.4

Dec. ^
1979 P

NOV.

1978

23.5
56.1
20.2
26.2
257.8
47.3
16.8
105.6
45.6
26.0
127.7
28.8
18.8
24.0
213.3
36.7
45.3
18.1
25.5
17.9
17.9
165.3
119.7
129.6
89.8
207.5
33.5
174.0

2,145.8 2,163.8 1,356.
88.
122.0
56.1
39.
48.
65.9
182.
259.5
104.
135.4
73.1
43.
140.
179.0
37.5
31.
23.7
17,
43.
54.0
172.
228.3
33,
37.8
66.
100.7
16.
21.9
20.
27.2
90,
112.9
69.
91.9
251.
545.9
106.
165.5
145.
380.4
303.
535.5
27,
45.7
85.
203.1
134.
210.9
127.
162.7
25.
33.1
68.8
63.

Dec.
1978

23.7
56.6
21.0
26.5
260.9
47.9
17.0
106.9
46.2
26..3
129.1
29.1
18.9
24.6
^217.4
37.5
46.4
18.5
26.0
18.2
18.1
167.0
121.4
134.3
93.5
209.7
34.7
175.0

Oct.
1979

25.2
59.1
21. 1
27.7
272.0
52.0
17.8
108.4
48.4
28.4
132.3
30.4
19.2
26.3
220.0
37.0
48.4
18.0
25.9
19.2
17.8
180.1
135.6
128.7
89.2
217.9
35.4
182.5

1979?

1979r

25.5
60.1
21.4
27.9
272.8
52.3
18.1
107.8
48.9
28.9
133.8
30.6
19.5
26.8
220.9
37.5
49.0
18.2
25.7
19.4
17.7
181.4
136.9
125.9
86.9
219.5
35.6
183.9

1,359.3 1,396.9 1,394.2 1,405.8
88.7
85.5
86.4
39.4
40.0
39.8
48.7
46.1
46.6
183.8
185.4
184.5
104.5
102.3
101.8
44.9
46.4
45.8
135.9
142.8
142.6
29.9
30.5
30.5
16.3
18.7
18.8
41.3
43.1
43.5
172.5
173.3
171.6
33.9
34.1
33.5
67.6
69.6
70.2
16.6
16.1
15.9
21.2
22.0
21.3
88.0
86. 1
83.3
68.7
66.4
66.5
253.6
269.6
271.6
106.6
115.9
116.8
147.0
153.7
154.8
308.8
330.8
335.2
27.3
28.5
28.6
87.8
92.4
94.2
137.3
149.0
150.8
128.0
123.4
119.0
25.9
26.6
26.6
64.1
56.4
51.9

,011.8 2,046.4 1,446.4 1,459.3 1,388.4 1,360.4 1,405.4
913.4
825.2
820.8
730.0
692.3
405.5
362.1
363.0
315.8
290.7
46.3
39.4
39.6
37.1
36.5
428.6
392.4
395.5
351.4
339.3
33.0
26.9
27.1
25.7
25.8
632.8
299.6
30 5.2
340.2
348.3
351.9
151.2
153.7
174.7
178.9
155.3
80.1
78.2
86.9
89.7
125.6
71.4
70.2
78.6
79.7
218.0
178.8
176.3
174.4
175.5
170.3
133.8
131.6
134.4
135.9
47.7
45.0
44.7
40.0
39.6
72.7
53.1
52.5
56.3
56.6
101.6
32.5
28.0
28.8
32.7
80.4
23.6
20.6
23.9
20.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagriculturaI payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nov.
1978

379
3792

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

39

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

391
3911
393

394
3942. 4
3949
395

396
3961
399
3993

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Dec.
1979?

72.2
49.9

71.9
49.4

53.9
32.3

53.8
32.1

672.0
67.7
220.6
47.4
50.3
85.4
29.1
143.3
62.0
63.7
44.6

675.6
68.3
222.0
47.0
50.7
86.3
29.3
144.9
62.4
64.5
44.7
136.0
30.4

695.4
74.2
230.5
46.5
51. 1
93.6
32.5
147.9
63.7
66.8
46.0

701.7

136.2
28. 1

695.9
74.8
231.0
46.4
51.7
93.6
32.8
150.2
65.4
67.4
44.8
135.7
26.6

452.3
64.1
41.8
25.7

462.5
61.7
40.0
24.1
127.3
65.9
61.4
42.8
60.8
34.0

444.1

113.1
53.8
59.3
39.5
66.2
37.6

466.9
61.0
39.4
24.5
131.9
70.5
61.4
42.3
60.8
34.1

143.7
48.3

146.4
50.5

145.8
49.8

135.6
31.1

473.4
66.0
43.3
26.3
127.8
67.0
60.8
39.2
68.6
38.8
145.5
48.9

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

Dec.
1979P

55.7
40.1

55.7
39.7

39.1
24.6

39.2
24.6

414.4
34.4

420.4
37.2
146.4
32.8
26.3
58.7
18.2
95.7
40.7
43.9
32.9
68.0
22.0

419.6
37.3
146.0
32.7
26.8
57.9
18.1
97.8
42.3
44.3
32.7
67.3
20.4

424.8

140.9
32.6
27.0
54.7
16.6
95.8
41.9
42.4
33.0
69.6
24.1

416.4
34.9
142.4
32.5
27.5
55.5
16.6
96.8
4^.5
43.5
33.1
69.2
23.4

363.0
48.7
31.5
21.6
99.6
51.6
48.0
28.3
56.1
32.2
108.7
35.2

341.9
46.3
29.3
21.1
85.1
38.3
46.8
28.5
53.9
31.0
107.0
34.7

358.5
44.5
28.4
20.2

353.3
45.0
29.0
19.8
98.2
49.7
48.5
30.9
48.9
27.3
110.5
36.2

336.6

102.9
54.4
48.5
30.5
48.9
27.5
111.5
36.9

NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206

209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
'
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills

2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

,740.9 1,717.2 1,766.8
361.7
361.9
366.8
170.4
162.4
170.5
71.4
71.6
70.5
119.0
106.3
106.3
182.5
32. 1
117.0
251.9

26.8
87.3
56.8
146.1
25.8

59.3
236. 1
192.5
43.6
122.0

39.6
61.7
41.9
229.0
49.7

52.6
146.3
26.2
59.6

234.8
191.7
43.1
121.2

39.1
61.6
42.0
228.5
49.7

32.8
115.5
268.5
26.3
106.6
56,0
145.0

26.4
59.4
236.6
191.7

44.9
118,7
33.7

169.1

74.2
44.4

73.9
44.7

71.9
43.8

64.6
43.4

901.8

89 9.9
149.9
125.9

889.8

891.8
150.7

169.5

148.8

125.6
21.1

•

231.4
27.5
73.8

182.5

64.0
40.6
233.5
49.4
138.9
174.6

135.1

,

182.2
32.2

116.9

,72 6.5 1,703.4 1,192.8 1,171.3 1,226.8
370.5
300.4
306.7
299.9
166.5
132.8
138.1
138.2
53.0
70.6
52.7
51.6
118.6
97.1
97.3
109.2
95.7
181.0
95.7
97.3
32.5
24.9
25.5
25.0
50.3
115.3
50.6
50.3
233.1
204.8
224.8
185.8
25.7
19.1
18.6
18.6
83.3
58.3
70.1
91.9
51.0
49.7
49-0
45.6
144.7
99.9
99.2
100.0
26.6
16.7
16.5
16.5
59.4
38.4
38.0
37.8
236.3
138.9
136.3
137.3
192.0
103.7
102-7
103.0
44.3
35.2
33.6
34.3
118.3
92.4
94.7
94.8
33.0
25.1
29.5
29.8
64.5
52.2
50.4
50.0
40.9
29.8
30.5
30.3
231.2
107.6
106.8
107.5
49.9
33.3
33.5
33.4
137.6
48.2
46.9
47.1

26.0
235.9
30.0
35.0
78.1
33.8

134.8

21.3

26.0
232.4
30.1
34.4
75.5

33.6

150.1

124.6
20.7
2 5.3
230.9
30.5
33.7
76.6
33.0

170.5

124.9
21.0

25.6
231.9
30.7
34.8
76.2
33.2

,190.0 1,168.5

309.1
135.6
52.0
108.6
96.2
25.3
50.5

IS 1.2
18.1
69.8
44.1

99.2
16.7
38.5
138.8
104.3
34.5

92.0
24.7
52.4
30.1
106.2
33.9

47.1

122.0

121.7

130.1

127.2

66.9

60.3
34.8

60.1
35.1

58.1
33.8

50.5
33.4

52.9

893.3

786.9

784.5
135.4
112.8
17.8
22.8
200.4

775.2
135.0
111.9
17.1
22.1

777.5
135.7
112.4
17.3
22.3
201.0

779.3

134.0
112.3

17.6
22.9
204.4
26.9
31.8

66.7
29.1

26.9
31.4

64.0
28.9

199.9
27.4
30.6
65.8
28.6

27.6
31.7

65.1
28.8

See footnotes at end of table.




83

B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production worfctrs1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396
26
261,2,6
262

263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653

2654
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

Industry

NOV.
1978

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills.
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes .
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins.
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations, . .
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals

See footnotes at end of table.

84




34.0
79.3
33.6
29.2
62.4
132.4
88.8
22.2
70.3

Dec.
1978

33.8
79.0
33.5
29.3
62.5
132.7
88.8
22.3
70.2

Oct.
1979

32.5
77.6
32.5
28.6
60.8
131.8
89.0
22.0
68.0

Nov.
1979p

Dec*
1979 P

NOV.

1978

28.8
67.4
28.2
25.1
51.0
120.7
82.2
19.8
56.6

32.5
77.3
32.6
28.4
60.4
133.0
90.1
21.9
67.0

,345.0 1,327.4 1,317.0 1 , 304.8 1,295.2 1,156.
90.6
90.3
• 83.1
83.8
79.
366.4
316.
361.8
369.4
369.3
107.4
106.7
93,
105.9
106.2
79.7
79.7
79.9
79.0
69.
97.6
102.0
104.0
96.6
82.
449.6
438.8
431.8
443.2
388.
62.6
59.6
6 2.1
59.9
54.
153.
173.4
170-4
168.7
167.0
64.8
62.3
61.3
67.0
55.
148.8
148.4
143.9
143.2
125.
92.4
90.8
90.5
90.4
79.
72.6
71.2
71.6
71.7
63.
19.8
19.6
18.9
18.7
15.
68.4
67.8
64.9
64.4
58.
26.8
26.3
24.6
25.0
24.
60.2
58.2
55.7
57.4
51.
197.6
189.4
195.6
194.2
165,
31.1
31.3
30.8
31.5
27,
52.8
54.4
51.9
53.9
44.
38.9
33.3
39.5
38. 1
32,
702.4
193.2
164.5
69.2
221.7
57.0
24.4
51.2
218.3
46.9
108.8
28.6

704.1
194.0
165.1
69.5
221.8
57.8
24.6
51.7
218.8
47.2
108.9
28.4

717.7
200.2
170.5
71-7
227.4
61.0
24.8
52.5
218.4
47.2
109.1
28.1

Dec.
1978

28.1
67.0
28.1
25.0
51.0
120.8
82.1
19.8
56.5.

Oct.
1979

27.0
65.5
27.2
24.1
49.6
119.6
82.5
19.2
54.5

Nov.
1979p

Dec.
1979P

27.3
65.1
27.3
23.8
49.2
120.8
83.6
19.2
53.7

1,136.7 1,125.5 1,115.1 1,105.5
79
72.4
71.6
311.
317.1
317.5
92.9
92.3
92.
69.4
69.2
69.
85.2
87.7
81.
376.6
380.
370.3
51.9
54.
51.4
148.
146.7
148.0
53.
53.1
58-3
124,
119.1
118.4
77.
76.9
76.5
61.7
61.
62.0
15.2
15,
14.5
56.2
57.
55.5
22.3
22.6
23.
47.8
49.6
49,
163.
157.5
162.1
27,
27.1
27.3
45.8
45.2
43.
27.2
32.0
33.

716.4

527.9
143.3
120.8
54.5
160.7
33.5
19.1
39.8
169.4
37.6
80.8
23.8

530.4
144.2
121.5
54.9
161.5
34.9
19.3
40.4
169.8
37.8
81.1
23.4

545.9
150.8
126.9
56.6
169.2
39.9
19.8
40.8
169.3
37.5
81.2
23.3

543.6
151.1
127.0
55.6
168.3
39.7
20.0
41.7
168.6
37.0
81.1
23.2

545.4

1,215. 1 1,226.4 1,254.5 1,265.5 1,273.5
413.7
424.4
428.4
415.7
81.8
83.9
81.7
83.0
99.8
101.8
100.9
103.3
72.2
73.8
70.9
72.1
2 8.7
29.5
28.9
29.7
48.0
50.1
46.7
48.3
418.6
420.0
401.8
407.0
174.9
175.1
172.4
174.7
221.8
221.1
210.1
207.3
49.8
49.4
46.6
46.2
62.4
66.6
66.2
62.2
40.6
41.0
40.9
40.5

682.9
166.3
14.1
49.0
24.7
24.3
28.8
297.3
127.8
151.3
33.2
51.1
29.5

692.4
166.7
14.1
51.1
25.9
25.2
30.4
302.2
129.9
153.8
33.4
51.4
29.5

709.8
170.0
13.8
50.2
26.2
24.0
29.2
312.6
130.2
163.6
34.9
55.0
30.2

717.3
172.4
13.8
52.5
27.7
24.8
31*1
313.2
130.2
163.9
35.2
55.6
30.4

724.3

1,103.0 1,115.0 1,116.6 1,122.3
171.6
174.1
168.6
110.6
112.9
109.5
216.5
217.2
217.0
83.8
84.2
84.5
97.1
96.2
95.5
191.9
188.8
192.8
151.4
153.4
154.2
140.6
138.2
138.2
41.9
41.0
40.7
55.6
58.1
56.6
40.7
41.5
40.9
68.8
69.0
68.6
165.1
165.4
165.4

630.8
93.0
59.9
147.5
51.7
69.4
90.0
69.1
86.0
27.4
35.8
22.8
36.1
85.8

631.8
93.8
60.0
147,8
51.8
69.6
90.7
70.0
84.4
27.2
34.3
22.9
35.7
85.8

637.3
91.8
58.9
148.1
51.0
69.4
94.7
73.0
85.1
26.6
35.9
22.6
35.6
87.0

635.2
91.2
58.4
147.5
51.2
68.4
95.1
73.6
84.5
26.5
35.5
22.5
34.8
86.5

641.6

, 103.
167.
109,
216.
83.
96.
188.
151.
139.
41.
57.
40.
70.
165.

715.8
201.0
171.0
70.8
226.6
61.0
25.1
53-1
217.4
46.6
109.0
27.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

NOV.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

1979 '

37.0

37.1

37.8

287
289

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

128.1
66.0
90.0

128.0
66.6
90.4

127.6
68.6
90.7

127.8
69.6
90.9

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

210. "/
165. 1
34.5

209.0
165.1
32.7

218.1
171.6
34.9

217.3
172.3
33.5

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear

771.9
128.8
24.6

773.5
129.0
25.1

762.6
117.9
22.5

759.2
118.0
22.3

Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

23.4
116.1
479.0

23.7
116.9
478.8

23.0
113.3
485.9

23.3
111.9
483.7

255. 1
21.4
156.7
62.9
62.2
18.0
32.9

251.5
21.6
154.9
62.6
62.6
17.4
31.7

243. 1
19.6
147.0
56.3
61*0
17.6
34.3

242.6
19.5
146.8
56.3
60.8
17.6
34.1

2865
2861,9

306
307

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

Dec.
1979 P

NOV.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

23.4

23.7

23.3

62.4
42.3
51.3

63.3
43.5
51.5

63.2
44.0
51.6

214.7

137.9
104.2
26.9

136.1
104.4
24.9

142.1
107.6
27.2

140.9
107.5
26.1

139.2

753.6

606.9
93.4
21.5

608.6
9,4.0
22.0

596.4
83.7
19.8

594.0
84.6
19.6

589.2

17.6
91.5
382.9

17.9
92.3
382.4

16.8
89.0
387. 1

17. 1
87.7
385.0

241.7

218.4
18.0
135.9
55.3
53.6
13.9
28.0

214.0
18.2
133.8
54.7
53.7
13.3
26.5

206.6
16.4
125.7
4 6.5
51.8
13.8
29.7

205.9
16.5
125.2
48.5
51.4
13.8
29.4

204.3

5,255

4,249

4,260

4,396

4,398

4,407

252.4
68.9

5,063

5,084

5,244

5,253

552.9
509.9

544.1
501.8

555.9
511,0

551.9
507.3

411
412
413
415

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

267.9
70.7
65.1
35.4
82.9

268.1
70.1
65.9
36.0
82.9

272.3
74.4
63.7
37.6
81.9

273.2
74.8
64.5
37.5
81.9

247.5
65.5

247.7
64.9

251.6
68.8

32.4

33.1

34.7

1,373.0 1,385.3
1,280.6 1,292.6
92. 4
92.7

1,408.0
1,311.6
96.4

1,409.6
1,309.7
99.9

1,219.2
1,139.0
80.2

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

44

WATER TRANSPORTATION

214.6

217.0

227.3

227.6

45
451,2

TRANSPORTATION BY AIR

411.6

418.5
375.3

432. 1
385.0

430.6
383.2

Air transportation
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
48
481
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting

49
491
492
493
495

ELECTRIC, GAS. AND SANITARY SERVICES
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507

WHOLESALE TRADE - DURABLE GOODS . .
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . .
Furniture and home furnishing
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods . . . .
Metals and minerals, except petroleum . . . .
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment

p

23.3

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads2.

j

Dec.
1979

62.5
41.5
50.9

37.6

40
4011

42
421,3
422

Nov.
197SP

1,228.3
1,147.9
80.4

34.6

1 ,245.4 1,245.0
1,161.8 1,157.9
83.6
87.1

368.9
19.5

19.1

19.1

175.0

192.7

192.4

13.9

13.9

13.6

13.6

19.5
174.9
1,269.9
1,015,1
185.8

1,320.9

1,331.8

1,053.6
195.6

1,06 0.5
198.3

954.3
749.2
146.5

958.7
751.0
147.4

994.1
773.4
157.5

999.8
776.2
159.6

785.0
360.3
164.7
192.2
44. 1

786.2
36 1.3
165.0
192.4
43.9

816. 1
377.4
169.8
196.0
47.8

816.4
378.5
168.7
196.5
47.6

640.2
290.6
134.7
156.2
39.1

641.8
291.7
134.7
157.1
38.9

664.3
304.6
138.3
158.6
42.2

664.9
305.5
137.6
159.2
41.9

20,095

20,523

20,314

20,575

20,978

17,725

18,138

17,851

18, 101

18,495

5,069

5,092

5,235

5,249

5,262

4,174

4, 187

4,300

4,310

4,323

2,956
430.4
104.7
183.7
65.6
146.4
398.3
236.3

2,970
431. 1
104.8
183.0
65.7
147.1
400.9
237.7

3,081
437.5
106.0
188.3
65.2
155.7
419.2
243.1

3,093
434.6
107.8
188.8
66.6
156.1
423.3
244.5

2,426
352.6
84.9
153.3

2,435
352.7
85.4
152.7

2,529
356.7
86.6
157.4

54.4
119.0
328.6
195.6

54.5
119.5
330.5
197.0

53.8
126.8
342.4
201.4

2,537
354.1
88. 1
157.4
54.9
127.0
345.4
202. 1

1,263.3
1,011.7
184.7

See footnotes at end of table,




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricufoiral payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
1972
SIC
Code

508
509
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

Industry
NOV.

1978

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—
Continued
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

RETAIL TRADE

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.

1979 p

Dec.
1979P

1,188.2 1,195,5 1,255.4 1,258.7
203.8
202.8
212.7
210.6
2,113
136.9
141.6
165.7
643.4
114.3
225.0
133.8
392.0

2,122
137.7
142.3
165.5
648.2
115.7
226.8
135.8
392.4

2,154
140.3
144.1
173.1
650.4
117.1
221.9
140.4
409.4

2,156
141.0
145.7
173.6
64 3.2
117.7
223.8
142.0
411.9

15,026

15,431

15,079

15,326

620.7
330.5
145.3

621.9
328.0
149.2

633.6
339.7
149.1

634.9
336.8
151.4

15,716

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 p

966.2
170.9

970.2 1,025.6 1,027.8
172.2
178.0
179.8

1,748
111.2
121.4
132.0
557.9
82.0
169.8
114.1
324.4

1,752
111.7
122.3
130.9
560.2
82.7
170.8
115.8
325.0

1,771
113.9
122.6
137.9
561.3
85.6
161.5
119.3
338.7

1,773
114.4
124.3
138.3
554.2
86.2
163.1
120.6
340.5

13,551

13,951

13,551

13,791

530.5
284.7
124.5

532.1
282.0
128.6

54C.8
291.3
129.2

542.5
288.1
131.7

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

2,452.4 ,644.5 2,262.1 2,406.4
2,002.0 2,162.8 1,829.2 1,952.1
304.4
322.4
281.4
29 5.4
146.0
159.3
151.5
158.9

2,299.2 2,487.7 2,107.5 2,248.8

54
541
542
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Retail bakeries

2,264.5 2,290.3 2,308.8 2,342.7
1,975.0 1,995.8 2,032.5 2,056.8
53.5
52.3
52.2
51.3
128.5
127.8
128.0
126.6

2,089.2 2,113.9 2,130.7 2,164.2
1,824.5 1,843.4 1,877.8 1,901.6

55

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

1,880.6 1,884.6 1,798.9 1,791.8
904.0
877.6
905.0
872.3
267.1
262.0
260.4
260.2
631.4
631.9
572.3
572.4

1,614.0 1,617.5 1,530.9 1,521.6
755.5
753.8
727.2
721.4
232.9
228.9
227.1
226.8
561.4
559.7
501.0
499.4

52

551.2
553
554
56
561
562

571
572
573

59
591
592
594
596
598

118.3

116.2

118.0

93 9.1
140.5
358.6
177.3
175.2

980.0
145.7
375.1
188.4
180.0

833.7
124.6
321.2
158.1
149.2

916.6
143.4
348.3
182.0
158.4

808.3
118.9
312.6
155.3
145.2

847.8
124.1
328.1
166.0
149.9

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

615.9

626.4

371.2

89.6

373.8

90.9

616.7
367.3

623.4
370.2

513.2
313.3

524.1
316.1

509.2
306.9

309.7

161.7

91.1
158.3

130.1

78. 1
124.2

127.7

76.2

91.8
161.4

123.7

77.9

516.3
78.9

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES

4,319.5

,319.7 4,610.6 4,579.5

3,980.1 3,979.0 4,244.5 4,214.0

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores • •
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores •
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1,914.1 2,000.5 1,909*3 1,967.5
517.9
496.6
511.0
518.0
128.2
135.7
140.5
141.2
635.9
590.5
582.1
614.2
303.8
304.5
274.7
287.1
108.1
103.7
101.5
105.3
246.3
236.7
244.4
246.8

1,691.1 1,779.9 1,679.2 1,735.5
473.9
465.7
472.8
453.4

4,817

4,832

5,013

5,031

1,447.2 1,454.8 1,497.0 1,508.5
1,321.5 1,328.1 1,366.1 1,376.8

602

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks

61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

528.3
224.6
204.1

532.7
227.1
205.9

558.4
242.6
214.1

561.6
244.7
215.5

SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND
SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers

196.5
158.4

196.7
158.4

209.5
167.7

211.4
168.7

63
631

117.6

958.3 1,042.2
164.3
145.6
394.1
366.3
202.2
178.0
186.6
177.2

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE ?

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance

Sw footnotes at end of table.

86




1,189.8 1,193.6 1,220.7 1,223.3
524.1
519.5
518.6
524.6

14,172

1,889.2 2,046.1 1,715.1 1,836.8
284.0
302.1
261.1
274.3
139.5
126.0
131.3
137.7

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

155.1

1979P

5,055

508.4
285.8
88.3
201.6

553.7
288.4
211.1

85.4
205.7

528.0
271.3
88.8
207.1

3,669

3,679

3,800

3,808

92.6

497.0
258.6

1,128.6 1,133.9 1,156.8 1,166.3
1,026.1 1,030.9 1,050.5 1,058.9
407.5
176.0
155.7

411.3
178.2
156.9

427.8
187.6
163.0

430.5
189.2
164.6

832.5
311.3

833.4
310.4

853.2
313.5

853.0
313.7

3,827

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricuftural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

Industry
MOV.

1978

632
633

65
651
653
655

INSURANCE CARRIERS—Continued
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
INSURANCE AGENTS. BROKERS, AND
SERVICE
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers

Dec.
197 8

Oct.
1979

137.2
460.4

137.6
46 2.9

137-8
482.4

137.8
484.9

417.2
906.9
426. 1
329.7
126.8

419.6
903.3
.425.8
331.5
122.1

435.7
953.8
441.8
352.9
134-4

438.1
948.7
442.2
350.6
131.2

Subdivides and developers
COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC . .
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES. .

SERVICES
70
701

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

72
721
723
726

PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops . .
Funeral service and crematories

73
731
732
733
734
736
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES

78
781
783

MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

80
801
802
805
806

82
821
822

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
SOCIAL SERVICES
MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services . .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
Executive
Department of Defense .
Postal Service
Oth<ir executive agencies
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding

Nov.
1979p

26.9

26.7

26-8

26.8

103.7

104.6

111.4

113.0

16,537

16,547

17,292

17,297

937.4
904.9

933.1 1,043.3 1,011.8
899.0 1,002.2
974.5

907.7
359.8
279.3
69.5

912.9
358.7
283.0
70.0

895.4
352.7
275.6
71.5

Dec.

17,298

895.8
353.9
275.0
72.0

2,735.3 2,741.3 2,935.0 2,946.6
145.0
144.6
150.2
150.8
77.8
77.5
75.2
74.5
109.8
106.5
108.7
109.4
453.8
452.7
499.5
500.1
481.2
482.0
523.4
523.4
234.7
239.5
266.6
272.3

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 p

110.8
349.8

111.1
351.2

110.6
367.5

110.4
367.9

14,684

14,695

15,365

15,371

831.4

827.8

921. 1

894.9

320.6
257.1

319.3
260.4

314.8
254.7

315.5
253.7

407.4

407.1

452.4

452.4

193.0

196.6

220.4

225.4

566.4
351.7

572.8
359.6

57 0.3
356.3

482.6
298.5

487.9
301.1

4"90.8
305.S

488.1
302.6

263.6

267.7

284.6

289.6

225.7

229.3

243.8

249.2

210.6
80.6
118.8

206.6
78.1
117.4

211.6
80.4
120.4

209.6
82.1
116.9

185.4
69.2

182.7
67.6

188.6
70.4

186.1
71.6

683.3

667.6

689.7

651.5

613.3

601.1

623.1

587.7

4,894.0 4,906.9 5,109.2 5,127.5
691.2
727.2
694.9
726.7
305.3
320.7
307.3
320.9
940.0
995.3 1,000-1
942-8
2,587.7 2,589.2 2,676.8 2,687.6
444.2

471.9

15,366

2,384.€ 2,386.8 2,563.6 2,572.0
107.1
107.0
111.7
112.6

561.0
349.1

441.4

Dec.
197fP

4,357.5 4,374.1 4,551.7 4,570.7
571.6
566.4
595.7
595.0
268.4
265.9
277.4
278.2
849.5
846.9
896.9
902.0
2,361.5 2,365.4 2,447.0 2,457.3

473.2

380.5

382.5

403.9

406.0

738.9
409.0
222.7

741.0
409.6
227.1

788.3
442.9
233.4

800.8
450.0
237.0

1,126.0 1,107.3 1,128.3 1,146.4
237.4
241.2
234.0
250.0
774.9
769.9
758.9
777.2
995.1 1,007.9 1,021.3 1,033.0
1,530.4 1,539.4 1,593.4 1,608.0
891.2
485.2
279.0

897.3
486.3
283.5

953.9
522.4
295.8

965.2
529.6
298.2

15,703

15,687

15,763

15,916

15,938

2,746

2,733

2,756

2,760

2,770

2,694.4 2,681.2 2,702.7 2,707.0
887.8
905.3
902.0
888.0
653.7
651.4
651.4
673.0
1,137.7 1,127.8 1,161.2 1,146.0
122.6
120.9
122.4
121.5
71.7
71.2
71.6
71.6

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry—Continued

All employee*
1972
SIC
Code

Industry
NOV.

1978

Executive—Continued
Transportation and public utilities, except
Postal Service
Services
Hospitals
Legislative
Judicial

_
_
_
_

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

_

-

-

-

Dec.
1978

49.0
384.4
225.3
38.7
12.,9

48.2
382.2
224.3
38.7
12.9

12,957

12,954

Oct.
1979

4. 1
380.4
223.3
39.6
13.3
13,007

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

-

-

-

-

Dec.p
1979

4.2

380.3
224.4
40.0
13.0
13, 156

-

_

13,168

2,716.8 2,711.4 2,728.9 2,727.5

Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian employment only and




Dec. „
1979 p

893.0
911.6
89 2.0
910.3
9,452.2 9,471.3 9,465.2 9,582.8
574.3
591.9
575.7
596.0
517.9
532.9
517.6
533.6
5,308.5 5,330.2 5,266.7 5,378.8

Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
3 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies.

Nov.
1979P

3,504.4 3,482.5 3,537.8 3,573.5
556.5
559.6
556.0
563.6
1,479.7 1,455.6 1,477.3 1,507.5

1

4

Production workers

* Not available.
p = preliminary.

v —

-

-

-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]

Sept.
1979

TOTAL

37,105
29,987

PRIVATE SECTOR.
MINING

94
8 .4

METAL MINING
11, 12

COAL MINING

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION. . .

14
142
144

Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel

CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
,
Nonresidentia! building construction ,

16
161
162

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating . . . . . .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

9.3

9.7

56.9

68.1

66 .2

66.7

36.3
20.1

36 .6
20 .3

43.7
24.4

42 .6
23..6

43.2
23.5

8.3
2.5
2.7

8 .2
2 .5
2 .6

9.5
2.8
3.2

9.6
2..7
3,.3

9.6
2.8
3.2

344

345

388

388

388

125.9
76.1
17.0
32.8

125 .7
75 .8
16 .7
33 .2

140.5
84.5
17.6
38.4

140 .1
84..2
17,.7
38,.2

139.5
83.5
17.5
38.5

52.8
15.3
37.5

53 .1
15 .3
37,.8

58.7
20.3
38.4

59,.1
20,.5
38,.6

58.6
19.8
38.8

164.9
44.9
10.2
29.6
18.5
13.4
11.4

166 .5
45,.3
10,.5
29,.9
19 .1
13 .3
11,.6

188.5
49.3
12.8
31.7
22.5
16.2
13.5

188,.8
49,. 1
12,.5
32,.4
22,.9
16,.2
13.,4

190.0
49.3
12.4
32-8
22.7
16.4
13.8

6,405

6,421

6,5C5

6,56 8

6,576

DURABLE GOODS

2,966

3,001

3,067

3,122

3,137

NONDURABLE GOODS

3,439

3,420

3,438

3,446

3,439

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

110.0
5.1
21.7
14.9
44.9
7.2
10.9
20.2

110..5
5..0
21..8
14..9
45..0
7.,2
10..9
20..6

115.1

5.4
22.9
15.9
46.9
7.3
11.3
21.3

116..7
5,,3
23,.2
16,.1
47..6
7..2
11.,3
22..1

117.2
5.5
23.0
15.9
47.7
7.3
11.3
22.4

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture. . . .
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture . , .
Public building and r i a t e d furniture , . . .
Partitions and fixtures
,
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures, . , .

144.7
108.6
44.8
37.3
8.9
10.9
5.1
10,1
10.0

146.,4
109,.9
45..0
37.,5
8,.9
11, 0
5.,1
10. 2
10, 2

142.9
105.6
44.7
35.6
8.9
11.5
5.4
10.7
9.7

144,.4
106.,8
45..2
35,,3
8.,9
11,.5
5. 4
10* 7
10,,0

3229
323
324
325
326
327
329

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Giass and glassware, pressed or b l o w n . . . .
Glass contaniers
Pressed and blown glass, nee .
Products of purchased glass . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Misc. nonmetaliic mineral products . . .

131.3
«6,4
26.9
19.5

131.,8
45.,8
26.• 3
19.,5
12. 6
1.7
6.3
17. 0
14. 6
30. 9

134,7
43.6
24.6
19.0
14.0
1.8
6.8
16.4
15.9
33.1

136,A
44. 4
24.,6
19. 8
1«.,5
1..8
6. 8
16,6
16. 0
32* 9

136.0
44.3
24.5
19.8
14.6
1.8
6.8
17.0
15.8
32.7

33
331
3312
332

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
.
Blast furnace and basic steei products . .
Blast furnaces and steel milJs . . . . . . .
Iron and steel foundries . .

125.2
39.7
30.8
19,6

126. 2
39. 8
30. 8
20. C

134.6
46.4
36.6
20.2

133, 9
1
35. 1
20. 4

133.8
43.1
33.4
20.1

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
2023,
26-31

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
243
244
245

249
25
251
2511
2512

2515
252
263
254
259
32
322
3221




12.1
1.7

6.2
16.7
15.0
30.3

107.4
45.5
36.4

a, 9
11.4
5.3
1Q.9
9,9

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
f i n thousands]
1972
SIC
Code

Sept.
1978

Industry

Oct.
1978

Aug.
1979

sept.
1979

Oct.
1979

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES —Continued
3321
3322
3325
333
3334

335
3351

3353
335?
338
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423.5

3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
347!

3479
348

349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3KJt
3533

354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
3555
3b6
35€1

3562
3S7
3573
358
3S85
359

3599
36
361
3612
3613

362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641

10.0
1.6
a.3
a.5
1.7
40.9
3.7
4.3
24.0
15.7
7.3

10.1
1.6
4.4
4.6
1.7
41.1
3.7
4.4
24.2
15.9
7.5

9.5
1.6
4.8
5.1
2.2
41.6
4.0
4.6
23.6
15.9
8.0

9.7
1.4
4.8
4.9
2.0
42.2
3.7
4.5
24.8
16.3
8.1

9.2
1.4
4.9
4.9
2.0
43.7
3.7
4.4
26.2
16.7
8.3

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades,
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc.
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, net
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings . . . .
Misc. fabricated wire products

348.3
13.3
11.6
61.4
16.9
37.3
18.3
70.6
7.0
24.0
15.2
14.6
23.5
12.1
11.4
59.4
4.1
15.7
37.5
25.9
18.1
7.8
16.6
59.3
21.5
13.5

353.4
12.8
11.1
62.4
17.1
38.0
18.6
71.4
7.2
24.1
15.3
14.8
24.2
12.4
11.8
60.6
4.4
16.2
37.9
26.3
18.5
7.8
16.7
60.4
21.4
13.8

359.2
13.8
11.9
60.5
18.0
35.4
19.6
74.8
7.9
24.4
16.7
15.5
26.3
13.5
12.8
58.6
4.6
13.3
38.5
25.9
17.9
8.0
17.2
62.5
23.3
14.3

363.2
13.7
11.8
61.1
17.6
36.4
19.7
75.7
8.0
24.7
17.0
15.8
26.7
13.8
12.9
58.7
4.6
14.1
37.9
26.6
18.2
8.4
17.1
63.9
23.7
14.6

366.6
13.7
11.8
62.0
17.8
36.9
19.8
76.7
8.1
25.1
17.1
16.2
27.2
14.1
13.1
59.1
4.6
13.9
38.6
26.7
18.4
8.3
17.0
64.4
23.6
14.9

MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Genrf.it industrial machinery
Pumps ni\d pumping equipment
Sail an« toUer bearintjs
Office and computing machines
Electronic, computing equipment...
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Machinery, except electrical, nee

437.3
23.2
6.0
17.2
23.8
16.1
40.9
13.9
9.5
53.0
8.6
14.6
12.8
29.6
6.2
5.1
7.2
58.5
10.6
13.3
125.2
97.6
36.5
23.4
46.6
36.0

443.5
23.7
5.9
17.8
24.4
18.8
41.4
13.9
9.7
53.7
8.8
15.0
12.9
30.1
6.2
5.0
7.4
59.1
10.8
13.4
126.4
98.6
37.6
24.2
47.1
36.3

473.7
25.6
5.8
19.8
25.2
20.4
46.1
14.9
11.7
58.9
10.2
15.7
14.5
31.4
6.6
5.4
7.4
62.1
11.0
13.6
139.7
113.1
36.3
23.3
48.4
37.1

481.3
26.0
5.8
20.2
26.7
21.1
47.1
15.3
11.9
58.8
10.2
15.4
14.6
31.5
6.7
5.5
7.3
62.7
11.2
13.6
141.5
114.2
38.2
24.9
48.8
37.1

481.6
25.5
5.8
19.7
24.2
18.8
45.7
13.3
12.2
59.6
10.3
15.5
14.8
31.9
6.8
5.5
7.3
64.0
11.1
14.6
142.6
115.4
39.4
26.3
48.7
36.9

852.6
43.1
19.3
23.8
95.6
54.1
28.7
63.5
10.9
4.8
29.7
103.0
24.0

861.6
43.5
19.5
24.0
96.3
54*6
28.9
63.6
10.4
4.8
29.9
103.9
24.3

887.5
42.4
19.2
23.2
95.5
51.1
30.2
59.3
9.4
5.0
26.5
102.3
21.4

909.4
45.4
20.5
24.9
98. 1
54.6
29.1
61.7
10.5
5.1
27.2
106.8
24.8

916.3
45.3
20.2
25.1
98.8
54.6
29.7
62.7
10.4
5.0
28.0
107.1
24.6

Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Hlectrie distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric house waies and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps

90




,

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT—Continued

3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674

3679
369
3694

Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment

3714
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
374
376
3761
379

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

39

37
371
3711

3713

391

393
394
3942,4
3949
395

396
399

Sept.
1978

46.0
64.1
48.0
180.2
72.9
107.3
245.9
15.9
82.3
101.3
57.2
27.8
307.3
142.9

56.8
5.4
78.5
96.0
55.8

20.9
19.3
23.4

Oct.
1978

Sept.
1979

Aug.
1979

Oct.
1979

46.3
65.3
48.7

48.7
59.3
46.7

49.0
62.4
47.4

49.6
62.5
47.6

182.4
73.4

197.9
79.4
118.5

201.5
80.2
121.3
275.9
17.0
94.0
112.9
57.6
25.1

203.5
80.7
122.8
279.0
16.9
95.8
114.0
57.4
24.6
318.5
133.8
51.9

112.5

319.5
136.0
53.2
5.7
74.8
115.0

66.5
23.2

66.2
25.7

22.8
22.4
15.2

66.3
26.0
23.5
23.5

109.0
248.8
15.9
84.2
102.3
57.8
28.0

274.8
16.7
93.6

312.6
146.2
58.0
5.4

304.6

80.6
98.3
57.2
21.2
19.9
23.5
14.7

112.7
56.0
24.7
125.4

44.6
4.7
73.7

5.6
73.8
115.8

15.2

14.9

17.4
9.9

23.1
23.8
16.2
6.4
21.1
17.4
10.1

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

281.9
20.2
93.2
23.5
16.0
39.1
9.8
75.5
33.9
33.0
25.5
37.6
20.1

283.5
20.3
93.1
23.3
16.4
39.1
10.0
76.2
34.5
33.3
25.5
38.1
20.3

296.1
22.5
100.1
23.6
16.5
43.8
11.3
77.8
35.3
34.5
26.1
39.7
18.6

295.1
22.7
100.2
23.7
16.2
43.7
11.6
77.5
35.4
34.4
26.2
38.1
18.8

297.1
23.1
100.6
23.7
16.9
43.3
11.8
79.0
36.0
35.0
26.3
38.3
18.0

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures

227.5
31.2
12.3
71.8
41.8
30.0
21.1
38.7
52.4

231.4
32.3
12.1
72.7
42.8
29.9
21.4
40.1
52.8

218.2
28.1
10.9
68.7
38.6
30.1
22.9
35.4
52.2

222.4
28.6
10.8
71.2
40.6
30.6
23.4
35.8
52.4

225.3
29.5
10.8
72.9
42.0
30.9
23.4
35.6
53.1

556.7
109.7
27.3
21.0
55.0
37.9
19.3
157.2
10.0
77.2
29*1
29.2
63.4
42.5
20.9
43.1
5.0
36.1
5.8
16.5
75.1

527.0
110.9
27.3
21.2

553.7
118.2
28.8
21.3
61.2
39.1
19.5
144.6

558.4
118.2
28.7
20.9
61.5
38.0
19.2
149.9

535.5
119.5
28.8
21.0

28.7
13.5

14.7
5.7

18.4

15.2

5.9

6.5

18.1
14.9

21.0

15.9

6.6
21.3
17.6
10.4

NONDURABLE GOODS

208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Oairy products
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
,
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
205
2051
2052

206
207




55.6
37.2

19.1
123.0
9.8

43.1
29.7

29.1

63.3
42.5
20.8
47.0
5.2
36.1
5.7

9.0
72.2
26.5
29.5
62.2
42.0
20.2
43.4
5.1
37.7

62.0

29.2

37.8
19.2
119.4
9.2
45.8
27.7
29.1

62.1
41.9
20.2
45.0
5.3

41.9
21.3
48.1
5.4

9.6
75.6
27.8

63.2

16.6
75.2

6.5

38.6
6.6

17.8
73.9

72.1

17.9
73.7

29.4
13.6

25.7
13.7

27.6
13.8

27.8
13.7

17.8

39.3
6.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . .
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear

2361
238 "
239
2391
2392
2396

Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
,
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
,
Finishing plants, synthetic
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills . . .
Miscellaneous textile goods

Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

sept.
1978

Oct.
1978

Aug.
1979

Sept.
1979

Oct.
1979

23.5
10.2
6.4
25.1
64.3
40.6
12.6
20.9

427.8
63.5
50.8
8.1
15.3
155.9
22.8
25.6
58.1
25.4
14.0
23.2
10.3
5.8
25.4
64.7
41.3
12.7
20.9

423.7
65.3
51.6
8.3
14.9
150.9
23.4
25.2
54.5
25.2
12.9
23.0
10.1
6.2
25.0
64.6
41.5
12.3
20.1

424.2
65.5
51.4
8.3
15.2
149.6
23.5
24.C
54.4
25.2
12.8
23.4
10.1
6.4
25.2
65.0
41.6
12.5
20.6

424.5
65.7
51.9
8.3
15.2
149.2
23.9
24.1
53.9
25.1
12.7
23.6
10.2
6.4
24.9
65.2
41.7
12.5
20.5

1,095.2
71.1
312.2
95.0
66.2
81.3
384.5
54.0
151.6
56.7
122.2
81.3
65.0
16.3
59.5
23.5
47.5
126.0
25.1
33.5
19.8

1,095.8
70.4
309.6
95.2
65.9
79.7
388.0
54.7
153.1
55.4
124.8
81.0
64.7
16.3
59.6
23.9
47.1
126.9
25.0
33.6
20.2

1,059.0
66.2
311.2
93.5
65.8
85.9
369.9
52.6
145.9
55.8
115.6
78.9
63.1
15.8
56.7
21.5
44.5
118.6
24.4
33.1
16.1

1,060.3
64.4
309.8
93.5
65.4
84.2
371.1
52.0
146.4
54.7
118.0
78.7
63.1
15.6
56.3
21.9
45.0
121.7
24.8
33.4
18.8

1,068.0
63.7
311.8
93.5
66.1
85.6
375.6
52.7
147.2
54.9
120.8
78.6
63.0
15.6
55.3
22.2
44. 8
124.9
25.3
34.3
19.5

427.8
63.2
50.4
8.1
15.2
157.1
22.2
25.6
59.8
25.3

m.1

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
265

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS .
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper .
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products . . .
Paperboard containers and boxes . .

161.1
24.7
21.9
6.0
78.4
52.0

160.7
23.6
20.8
6.1
78.2
52.8

166.4
27.4
24.5
6.6
80.3
52.1

165.5
26.5
23.6
6.4
79.9
52.7

166. 1
26.8
23.6
6.5
79.6
53.2

27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress .
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

457.2
141.6
48.5
51.3
25.5
122.0
55.8
61.3
14.2
32.2
8.4

463.3
144.6
49.1
52.2
25.3
123.4
55.9
62.6
14.2
32.7
8.6

487.5
154.1
51.2
54.1
26.4
127.6
56.6
65.4
15.7
35.0
9.2

490.5
154.7
50.6
53.9
25.7
131.7
58.9
67.2
15.S
34.8
9.2

495.5
156.9
51.0
54.0
25.9
133.0
59.4
67.9
15.8
35.4
9.4

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
2861,9

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS .
Industiial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee . .
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Gum, wood, and industrial organic.
chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

263.7
22.9
15.6
44.9
10.1
26.2
74.8
63.6
57.4
9.5
34.8
12.6
23.8

264.4
23.1
15.7
44.6
10.3
26.0
75.7
64.4
57.2
9.5
34.5
12.6
23.8

275.5
25.3
16.7
47.9
11.5
26.8
79.3
67.3
55.8
9.2
33.2
13.3
24.5

274.3
25.1
16.6
47.2
11.2
26.6
78.6
67.2
56.5
9.2
33.9
13.1
24.3

275.5
25.2
16.5
47.1
11.3
26.4
79.0
67.3
57.2
9.1
34.6
13.1
24.5

19.1
9.1
18.2

19.3
9.1
18.3

19.6
10.0
19.4

19.3
10.2
19.1

19.4
9.9
19.5

287
289

92




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

1978

Aug.
1979

Sept.
1979

Oct.
1979

24.8
19.9

27 .7
22 .3

27.6
22.3

27.9
22.5

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

266.4
12.3
13.8

270.5
12.3
14.2

269 .5
11 .9
13 .0

269,2
11.7
13.2

270.3
11.6
13.3

6.3
39.7
194.3

6.4
40.3
197.3

6 .1
40 .7
197 .8

6.1
40.0
198.2

6.0
39.9
199.5

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

157.4
3.2
106.2
40.8
,43.9
10.0
23.3

156.5
3.2
104.5
40.2
43.0

148.0
2.8

9.9
23.9

148 .8
3 .0
98 .2
35 .5
43 .2
9 .6
24 c

97.2
35.2
42.2
9.6
24.6

148.2
2.8
96.6
34.8
41.7
10.0
24.9

1,154

1,170

1,232

1,256

1,260

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining

30
301
302
303,4

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Oct.

25.0
20.2

29
291

306
307

Sept.
1978

Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES

411
412
413
415

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

42
421.3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
WATER TRANSPORTATION

18.1

17. 9

20.3

20.2

19.7

45
451.2

TRANSPORTATION BY AIR

125.7
119.0

126. 2
119. 4

137.9
130.4

136.3
128.7

137.4
129.7

2.0

2. 1

2.2

2.3

2.2

78.4

78. 7

87.8

88.2

89.1

621.5

618.6
540. 5

619.1

55.6
9.3
7.0
4.6
32.3

57.,5
9.,1
7.,2
4.,5
34.,2

35.2
10.8

145.9
129.5
16.4

147.,8
130.,5

158.4
141.6
16.8

17. 3

6.7
5.2
10.6

65. 1
11.5
7.5
5. 1
38.4
158.2
141.0
17.2

64.5
11.7
7.5
5.0
37.8
160.0
141. 1
18.9

Air transportation
PIPE LINES. EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES . .
48
481
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting

574.8
505.3
54.1

583. 1
512. 5

54. 8

543.6
60.5

49

ELECTRIC. GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

133.1
59.1
33.7
31.3

133. 7

146.1

59. 6
33. 7
31. 2
4. 5

491

492
493
495

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .
50.51

WHOLESALE TRADE

4.4
8,383
1,247

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS . . .
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . .
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

677
90.0
35.9
29.5
22.0
26.3
109.3
62.6
253.7
47.9

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS

570
39.0
59.8
79.5

Paper and paper products
Druqs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distiHed beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods .




148.5
28.8
47.9
19.4
109.4

8,452

539.9

60.7

61.3
144.9

65.4
36.6
34.0

144.3
65. 1
35.7
33.4

4.9

5.0

8,635

8,740

8,798

1,316

1,323

1,339

728
94.2
37.9
32.3
22.0
28.4

726
94.4
38.6
32.4
22.0
28.3
116.7
67.5

279.3
48.9

733
94.1
38.9
32.9
22.4
28.7
117.5
68.4
280.6
49. 1

595
40.7
64.8
82.5

606
41.7
66.5
83.9

150.0
30.2
48.8
21. 1
120.0

148.6
30.4
49.4
21.4
123.6

65.7
35.4
33.7
5. 1

1,278

688
90. 8
36.3
29.9
22. 6
26. 6
110. 4
63. e
258. 3
49. 0
5 90

39. 5
60.7
80. 6
151. 8
28. 7
47. 5
19. 7
114. 2

115.9
68.4
280.7
48.3
588
41.5
64.9
81.6
146.3
30.4
49.4
21.1
118.5

93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry-Continued
[In tho
1972
SIC

Sept.
1978

Coda

RETAIL TRADE

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

54
541
542
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners . . .
Retail bakeries

551,2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES . .
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES

591
592
594

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

614
62
621
63
631
632
633

651
653
655

7,417

7,459

148.5
60.4
48.9

150. 3
60. 2
49. 6

152.4
62.3
52.9

155. 1
62.8
53.2

158.8
63.8
54.6

1,548.2
1,234.2

1,572. 6
1,258. 2
225. 0
89. 4

1,461.4

1,497.5

1,145.9
216.0

1,178.0
217.5
102.0

1,523.9
1,205.0
218.0
100.9

915. 4
762. 1
15. 4
74. 9

941.5

953.7
806.7

970.2
820.2

17.1
72.7

17.2
74.7

17.1
75.9

307.,0
123.,5
46., 1
122. 4

315.9

315.4

317.3
125.5
47.4

627.,3
59..6
310..5
122..€
69,.5

632.7
60.1
3Q4.3
129.9
73.4

641.7
61.1

658.3
61.6

310.5

318.1
134.2

196.3

36.5

188..1
127..0
23..5
37,.6

127.7
24.2
44.4

200-7
129.2
24.4
47.1

202.8
130.4
24.7
47.7

2,484.7

2,434,.9

2,651.2

2,663.1

2,616.5

948.5
290.2

978 .0
293 .1
28 .3
337 .0
165 .7
21 .8
110 .7

967.3
310.0

989.7
312. 1
34.5
343. 1
147.8
21.8
110.7

1,011.4
314.6
34.5
349.1
157.0
22.5
114.0

9^1.9
751.5
14.5
75.1
303.8
122.0

46.8

119.9

614.7
57.4
301.6
122.2

68.4

185.7
125.9
23.3

27.2
325.3
157.0
21.3
106.1

99.5

798.0

125.2
47.8

125.9

33.7
331.6
141.9

21.6
109.0

124.6
47.5
126.8

130.7
73.3

127.9

76.3

2,749

2,764

2,932

2,916

2,932

1,000.7
921.4

1,060 .5
975 .9

1,053.7
969.7

1,057.6
973.3

337.8
161.3
114-9

340.5
162.8
115.7

365 • 6
175 .9
124 .2

365-0
176.0
124. 1

368.1
177.3
126.1

74.2
58.5

75.0
59.3

82 .0
64 .9

82.4
65.3

82.9
65.8

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance .

700.9
270.2
98.3
282.6

704.0
269.9
98.8
285.2

738 .3
280 .9
100 .2
304 .7

736.1
278.9
100.2
304.5

739.0
280.8
100.7
305.1

INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS,
AND SERVICE

249.5

252.0

267.6

264.6

266.8

322.6

324 .6
130 .8
144 .8
31 .9

344.4
136.4
159.3

341.2
134.2
158. 1

31.6

343.3
134.4
159.5
31.9

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS . .
Savings and loan associations .
Personal credit institutions
SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS,
AND SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers

REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdivides and developers

130.5
143.7
32.0

31.3

COMBINED REAL ESTATE. INSURANCE, ETC . . .

17.0

16 .7

17.0

16.7

16.5

HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES. .

51.0

50 .8

56.8

56.6

57.5

9,478

9,540

10,013

10,025

10,095

553.0
5 29.7

526 .6
506 .9

642.5
595.5

601.1
576.5

572.5
550.5

SERVICES
70
701

7,319

995.7
917.1

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612

7,174

87.4

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ifie dealers
Retail stores, nee

Oct.
1979

7,136

226.6

..

Sept.
1979

Aug.
1979

Oct.
1978

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES .
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

94




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

72
721
723
726

PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

73
731
732
733
734
736
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES . .

Sept.
1978

Oct.
1978

Aug.
1979

604.2
222.8
248.5
17.9

607.6
225.2
248.0
18.0

600.0
218.0
249.8
18.9

603.6
219.7
247.5
19.C

607.7
220.6
248.0
19.1

1,134.5
65.4
58.4
162.6
268.9
105.3

1, 155.2
65.3
59.0
52.4
162.9
274.9
108.0

1,227.9
69.3
56.5
49.7
181.3
291.0
122.1

1,249.6
70.0
55.4
53.2
185.9
298.8
123.8

1,267.1
70.3
55.5
54.8
185.6
304.7
126.6

91.1
42.3

92.7
43.1

93.9
42.5

94.2
42.2

95.0
42.6

49.7

50.7

58.3

59.5

60.2

82.5
22.3
54.2

79.9
23.1
50.8

85.3
22.4
57.0

82.4
23.3
53.1

78.4
23.3
49.1

51.1

Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES . . .
78
781
783

MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

80
801
802
805
806

82
821
822

Oct.
1979

1979

304.0

271.2

325.5

301.3

265.8

3,940.0
537.5
257.8
831.5
2,068.5

3,954.7
540.7
257.8
833.5
2,075.4

4,139.1
565.8
271.9
887.5
2,149.9

4,139.6
563.5
272.8
884.3
2,152.8

4,163.2
56S.5
273.6
888.1
2,163.4

307,7

310.4

332.1

331.3

334.3

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities

504.2
140.8
304.0

557.8
145.9
350.3

441.5
124.2
255.5

514.7
145.2
305.9

576.3
152.2
357.4

SOCIAL SERVICES

722.8

730.2

786.6

764.1

773.4

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

259.5
92.1
115.5

262.8
92.9
117.7

290.0
104.5
127.6

289.9
103.9
128.5

292.3
104.7
129.4

6,949

7,267

6,723

7,118

7 # 486

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES .
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




865

866

899

866

871

6,084

6,401

5,824

6,252

6,615

1,469.8
310.8
570.8

1#538.C
315.3
643.1

1,422.1
328.3
508.1

1,518.3
336.9
602.3

1,609.8
335.4
703.2

400.3
,614.1
77.9
396.4
,052.1

393.8
4,862.6
79.2
397.1
3,321.7

386.7
4,402.2
88.3
422.5
2,681.6

385.7
4,733.9
89.7
423.6
3,090.2

382.8
5,005.1
90.2
425.2
3,383.3

896.1

880.9

995.2

925.7

907.3

95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1979

1978
Industry division and group

Dec,

TOTAL

Apr.

Hay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov-P

Deep

88,133 88,433 88,700 89,039 89,036 89,398 89,626 89,713 89,762 89,803 89,982 90,109 90,426

GOODS-PRODUCING . . . .

26,272 26,382 26,448 26,627 26,565 26,651 26,674 26,723 26,599 26,593 26,572 26,542 26,712

MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING ..
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical •
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

Feb.

...

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products .
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING .
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

922

927

937

4,469

4,497

4,486

940

944

949

956

968

973

979

984

999

4,614, 4,559

4,648

4,662

4,688

4,674

4,671

4,694

4,712

4,759

940

20,881 20,958 21,025 21,073 21,066 21,059 21,063 21,079 20,957 20,949 20,899 20,846 20,954
\
12,583 12,640 12,715 12,75" 12,752 12,739 12,760 12,786 12,714 12,737 12,650 12,597 12,660
768
768
765
761
769
753
757
758
760
742
752
762
752
496
497
494
490
493
488
485
480
482
484
483
487
484
712
709
710
714
718
711
715
708
709
707
705
715
710
1,247 1,250 1,256 1,259 1,260 1,254
1,256
1,257
1,245 1,236 1,226 1,223 1,222
1,718 1,725 1,733 1,732 1,732 1,730
1,730
1,737
1,714 1,716 1,723 1,725 1,726
2,404 2,419 2,437 2,450 2,466 2,471 2,484 2,500 2,492 2,496 2,455 2,445 2,456
2,050 2,065 2,079 2,093 2,101 2,106 2,124 2,131 2,092 2,117 2,125 2,125 2,151
2,063 2,069 2,094 2,094 2,084 2,077 2,057 2,073 2,079 2,086 2,025 1,996 2,022
682
679
674
689
685
694
693
692
696
700
694
688
695
458
459
458
455
458
450
451
448
449
450
449
449
451
8,298
1,736
69
899
1,333
703
1,218
1,106
211
770
253

8,318
1,735
68
900
1,339
706
1,225
1,109
211
774
251

8,310
1,729
68
899
1,327
711
1,229
1,108
212
779
248

8,322
1,736
69
897
1,324
716
1,232
1,108
213
780
247

8,314
1,728
69
892
1,325
717
1,234
1,111
213
781
244

8,320
1,725
70
893
1,324
714
1,236
1,114
213
784
247

8,303
1,720
69
892
1,312
715
1,242
1,119
21
775
247

8,293
1,707
68
892
1,324
718
1,250
1,116
212
111
229

8,243
1,696
64
886
1,302
717
1,247
1,111
213
764
243

8,212
1,691
65
884
1,294
714
1,245
1,110
215
751
243

8,249
1,707
65
887
1,299
715
1,252
1,113
217
751
243

8,249
1,711
60
887
1,291
714
1,262
1,115
217
750
242

8,294
1,722
62
892
1,300
716
1,265
1,126
217
751
243

61,861 62,051 62,252 62,412 62,471 62,747 62,952 62,990 63,163 63,210 63,410 63,567 63,714
5,054

5,071

5,094

5,116

5,024

5,130

5,190

5,169

5,194

5,180

5,218

5,227

5,224

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .

19,858 19,965 20,016 20,054 20,088 20,129 20,116 20,122 20,126 20,169 20,243 20,303 20,300

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

5,077 5,102 5,118 5,134 5,138 5,156 5,180 5,182 5,185 5,190 5,209 5,233 5,246
14,781 14,863 14,898 14,920 14,950 14,973 14,936 14,940 14,941 14,979 15,034 15,070 15,054

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

4,847

4,868

4,884

4,899

4,915

4,936

4,958

4,972

5,003

4,997

5,018

5,041

5,070

SERVICES

16,630 16,670 16,763 16,833 16,880 16,954 17,051 17,092 17,141 17,191 17,257 17,314 17,385

GOVERNMENT ..

15,472 15,477 15,495 15,510 15,564 15,598 15,637 15,635 15,699 15,673 15,674 15,682 15,735

FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

preliminary.

96




2,734 2,758 2,757 2*757 2,758 2,770 2,788 2,785 2,813 2,762 2,770 2,771 2,787
12,738 12,719 12,738 12,753 12,806 12,828 12,849 12,850 12,886 12,911 12,904 12,911 12,948

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]
1978

1979

Industry division and group
Oct.

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

Nov.

35,748 35,951
6,735

6,781

Dec.

Feb.

36,074 36,271
6,827

6,865

Mar.

36,385 3 6 , 5 1 7
6,877

6,899

Apr.

May

June

36,669

36,789

6,920

6,939

July

Aug.

Sept.

36,916 37,102 37,262

37,144

37,324

6,907

6,906

6,942

6,960

6,971

81

82

83

84

85

87

87

89

91

92

94

94

94

342

343

345

350

353

357

362

367

374

379

380

383

385

6,312

6,356

6,399

6,431

6,439

6,455

6,471

6,483

6,495

6,500

6,433

6,429

6,463

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furnitures and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries '
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing jnd

2,960
109
144
130
126
349
444
849
309
282
218

2,985
110
145
130
127
352
446
855
315
286
219

3,012
112
146
132
129
355
453
863
318
286
218

3,029
112
146
131
130
357
456
870
320
289
218

3,053
113
146
132
131
360
460
877
326
291
217

3,069
114
145
134
131
361
464
884
326
293
217

3,082
114
145
134
134
361
469
887
326
294
218

3,087
114
144
134
134
362
473
892
326
295
213

3,102
113,
145
135
138
363
473
90?
323
296
214

3,109
113
146
134
137
363
479
907
321
296
213

3,068
113
145
133
135
360
478
888
307
296
213

3,082
114
143
134
134
359
482
898
312
295
211

3,094
115
142
134
134
362
4 82
903
314
296
212

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,352
493
26
424
1,081
159
462
262
25
264
156

3,371
503
25
424
1,080
160
467
264
25
269
154

3,387
509
26
425
1,081
161
470
266
25
271
153

3,402
512
25
425
1,087
163
474
268
25
271
152

3,386
507
25
424
1,075
163
476
268
25
273
150

3,386
509
25
423
1,071
165
477
268
25
273
150

3,389
508
26
422
1,072
165
479
269
26
273
149

3,396
511
26
422
1,072
164
4 79
271
26
275
150

3,393
511
25
424
1,062
164
482
273
27
275
150

3,391
502
24
422
1,073
165
487
274
27
279
138

3,365
495
23
422
1,056
164
488
271
27
272
147

3,347
488
24
421
1,049
164
491
271
28
263
148

3,369
501
24
421
1,053
164
494
273
28
264
147

29,013 29,170 29,247 29,406 29,508

29,618

29,749

29,850

29,956 3 0 , 1 3 1

30,355

30,238

30,382

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

1,163

1,170

1,179

1,195

1,205

1,209

1,202

1,214

1,233

1,236

1,243

1,251

1,252

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .

8,400

8,449

8,423

8,526

8,552

8,595

8,627

8,673

8,670

8,684

8,695

8,713

8,744

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1,262
7,138

1,271
7,178

1,279
7,144

1,286
7,240

1,290
7,262

1,297
7,298

1,297
7,330

1,307
7,366

1,310
7,360

1,317
7,367

1,317
7,378

1,318
7,395

1,322
7,422

2,767

2,787

2,802

2,817

2,826

2,837

2,850

2,862

2,880

2,892

2,912

2,916

2,935

9,512

9,581

9,640

9,672

9,710

9,754

9,798

9,846

9,898

9,939

10,003

10,015

10,065

7,171

7,183

7,203

7,196

7,215

7,223

7,272

7,255

7,275

7,380

7,502

7,343

7,386

877

874
6,309

866
6,337

863
6,333

862
6,353

862
6,361

861
6,411

866
6,389

875
6,400

874
6,506

891
6,611

878
6,465

882
6,504

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT ..
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

6,294

1
The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industry division and major
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands]

1978

1979

Industry division and group

Jan.

TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING

Hay

Apr.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Hov.p

Dec.

59,688 59,883 60,161 60,051 60,326 60,495 60,544 60,475 60,528 60,668 60,757 60,986

19,289

19,372 19,409 19,555 19,475 19,542 19,537 19,560 19,415 19,416 19,371 19,323 19,490

CONSTRUCTION

697

700

707

707

708

708

709

713

725

. 730

733

734

745

3,571

3,587

3,574

3,695

3,633

3,722

3,732

3,757

3,734

3,729

3,744

3,751

3,801

15,021 15,085 15,128 15,153 15,134 15,112 15,096 15,090 14,956( 14,957 14,894 14,838 14,944

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING

flar.

59,470

MINING

MANUFACTURING

Feb.

9r0U2
654
406
563
985
1,306
1,585
1,346
1,434
414
349

9,085
656
408
562
987
1,310
1,595
1,360
1,439
418
350

9,138
655
406
564
992
1,317
1,610
1,369
1,456
421
348

9,158
657
404
569
995
1,315
1,615
1,378
1,455
422
348

9,146
649
401
563
995
1,314
1,625
1,384
1,446
423
346

9,119
649
397
564
987
1,310
1,628
1,384
1,438
421
341

9,123
646
395
565
991
1,316
1,632
1,393
1,417
424
344

9,124
643
398
560
988
1,309
1,641
1,395
1,426
422
342

9,044
642
394
558
976
1,291
1,628
1,359
1,431
421
344

9,066
646
392
557
970
1,295
1,637
1,375
1,433
420
341

8,972
649
394
557
960
1,298
1,601
1,380
1,371
421
341

8,918
640
394
554
955
1,300
1,598
1,375
1,343
418
341

8,980
629
395
555
955
1,300
1,607
1,392
1,381
423
343

5 , 979
1,189
55
783
1,142
530
685
635
138
606
216

6,000
1,191
55
785
1,149
532
690
637
138
609
214

5,990
1,184
54
783
1,137
537
694
636
139
614
212

5,995
1,191
55
781
1,131
542
696
635
139
614
211

5,988
1,187
56
777
1,131
543
696
636
140
614208

5,993
1,184
56
778
1,133
541
700
636
139
616
210

5,973
1,181
55
777
1,122
541
701
640
139
607
210

5,966
1,170
54
778
1,130
547
707
639
138
609
194

5,912
1,157
50
771
1,110
545
705
634
139
595
206

5,891
1,153
52
769
1,104
543
703
63 5
140
585
207

5,922
1,169
52
772
1,109
543
708
637
140
585
207

5,920
1,174
46
774
1,102
542
715
636
140
586
205

5,964
1,186
49
778
1,111
545
716
645
141
587
206

40,181 40,316 40,474 40,606 40,576 40,784 40,958 40,984 41,060 41,112 41,297 41,434 41,496

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

4,235

4,248

4,268

4,283

4,197

4,293

4,351

4,333

4,348

4,337

4,370

4,376

4,381

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE ..

17,487 17,578 17,618 17,648 17,662 17,691 17,689 17,681 17,689 17,721 17,789 17,840 17,833

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

4,175 4,194 4,206 4,222 4,221 4,237 4,257 4,255 4,256 4,259 4,279 4,293 4,310
13,312 13,384 13,412 13,426 13,441 13,454 13,432 13,426 13,433 13,462 13,510 13,547 13,523

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

3,690

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

98




3,705

3,716

3,729

3,743

3,756

3,777

3,788

3,804

3,794

3,804

3,816

3,839

14,769 14,785 14,872 14,946 14,974 15,044 15,141 15,182 15,219 15,260 15,334 15,402 15,443

p= preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased

Year and month

Over 1 -month span

Over 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1976
January
February
March

77.0
70.3
69.2

85.8
84.3
82 .3

86.9
85.8
7 9.4

84.0
83.7
85.2

April
May
June

70.6
59.6
51 .7

73.8
64.8
62.5

72. 4
67.7
71.5

77.6
82.6
80.2

July
August
September

59.0
54.4
68.9

56.4
68.3
55.8

60.8
66.9
68.6

78.2
77.3
78.8

47 .4
65.1
66.0

66 .9
62 .2
78.8

73.8
77 .9
78.2

79.4
80.8
82.6

January
February
March

73.0
67.2
72 .4

80.2
84.3
82 .6

86.3
84.6
84.0

80.5
81 .4
82.8

April
May
June

71.5
70.3
65.1

81.7
76.5
72.7

82,
79.
77.6

85
86

July
August
September

70.3
57.8
67.2

70.3
70.9
67.7

75.
76.
79.

84.9
83.
83.

October
November
December

64.2
73.3
75.3

76.2
79.7
79.4

80.5
84.0
82.3

82.8
81.1
82.0

January
February
March

68.3
69.2
69.5

80.2
75.6
77.3

83.1
79.1
77.6

81 .4
83.1
81 .1

April
May
June

68.0
57.8
66.6

69.8
67.2
66.6

73.5
72 .7
71 .2

82.0
81.7
82.3

July
August
September

64.5
60.5
62.5

69.5
67.2
71 .2

73.0
77.3
79.7

81 .4
78.2
77.9

October
November
December

73.0
75.9
74.4

78.2
81 .1
82.3

82,
82,
80,

73.5
76.2
71.8

January
February
March

70.3
65.1
60.5

76 .5
72.1
57.8

74.1
67.4
61.9

71.8
70.6
63.7

April
May
June

44.8
54.7
57.0

55.2
51.5
58.4

58,
50.
46.8

64.0
60.5p
60.8p

July
August
Sep t ember

.

61 .6
48.8
46.8

5 6.7
52.0
52.9

56.1
53.8p
61 .3p

<
•

69.8
59.9p
69.2p

59. 6p
70.9p

October
November
December

•

1977

1978

1979

October
November
December

1 Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p - preliminary.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuhtural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Manufacturing

Construction

Stata and area

NOV.
1979P

MOV.
1978

OCT. 8OV.
1979 1973P

NOV.
1978

OCT. NOV.
1979 1979P

1,361.7 1,365.0 1,364.0
360.4
357.0
359.3
121.1
119.1
121-0
148.4
149.3
149.6
10 5.1
108.1
107.8
49.4
50.0
50.0

16.2
9.1
(D
d)
(D
1.1

16.0
9.1

16.3
9.3

CD
d)
CD

CD
CD
CD

79.9
22.6
4.5

78.6
22.2
4.3

1.4

1.4

81.6
23.8
4.3
11.5
6.6
3.0

13.3
8.2
3. 1

13.8
8.2
2.9

NOV.
1978
1 ALABAMA . . .
Birmingham .
Huntsville . . .
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
6

OCT.
1979

1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

368.2
70.4
35.2
30.4
16.0
8.9

362.5
67.9
35.3
29.2
16.3
9.3

360.7
68.2
35.6
29.7
16.3
9.0

KOV.

7 ALASKA . . .

16 0.8

167.4

C*)

5.4

5.2

C*)

10.9

12.3

C*)

,9.5

11.0

8JARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson

924.4
575.3
165.6

973.5
605.7
176.6

995.0
614.5
179.0

19.6
.2
5.8

22.2
.2
7.2

22.6
.2
7.4

76.4
49.0
13.6

78.2
50.6
14.5

77.6
50.4
14.6

130.3
S.6.6
15.3

145.6
106.6

14Q.6
107.6
19.5

73 3.8
62.8
67.6
17 3.1
31.2

755.8
64.6
66.4
179.3
32.0

750.4
64.3
66.1
178.9
31.9

4.9
(1)
.8
(1)
(D

5.3

5.2

CD

CD

36.5
3.0
3.1
9.0
2.0

38.7
3.2
3.2
9.7
2.3

37.0
3.2
2.9
9.6
2.1

215.5
16.7
24.5
31.0
6.2

216.5
19.2
22.9
31.5

214.0
19.0
22.8
31.1
6.3

9,811.6 9,8 27.7
826.9
817.6
126.6
126.3
187.6
187.4
3,613.7 3,643.5
90.4
91.1
143.0
141.6
441.2
436.8
405.7
403.3
86.3
66.8
642.4
640.0
1,541.3 1,551.1
639.2
636.9
117.1
116.6
88.0
88.4
120.6
122.7
98.6
98.7

37.8
2.3
10.2

.9
11.4
.1
2.3
2.3
.4
.6
.7
2.0
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.3

39.4 39.2 446.5 458.5 449.8 1,926.
204.
2.3
2.2 49.5 50.4 50.4
7.0
9.
10.5 10.5
7.2
7.0
.9 11.9 13.3 13.3
24,
.9
905.
11.7 11.7 114.4 117.1 116.7
. 1 6.2
6.7
6.7
.1
16.
2.5
8.1
7.2
7.8
21.
2.5
2.5 29.3 31.0 31.0
65.
2.5
.4 23.8 26.8 26.4
26.
•4
.6
3.8
3.6
3.6
10.
.6
.7 41.3 41.5 41.0
.7
92.
2.0 72.6 74.2 73.2
202.
2.0
.2 25.4 26.0 26.0
205.
.2
4.9
15.
5.2
1.1
5.2
1.1
5.3
13.
.4
5.5
.5
5.7
6.6
. 1 6.1
IS.
6.5
.1
5.1
5.1
.3
5.2
1G.
.3

32 COLORADO
Denver-Boulder . . .

1,168-0 1,207.8 1,203.4
766.1
740.9
767.8

28.4
15.6

31.7
17.7

32.0

76.3
46.8

84.0
52.8

35 CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

1,386.7 1,414.5
165-5
167. 1
390.7
379.9
61.8
62.8
190.3
191.0
103.9
107.4
88.3
89. 1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
C2)
(2)
C2)
(2)

C*)
(2)
C2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
C2)

52.3
5.7
13.5
2.2
6.3
5.0
3.4

54.0
6.4

15.0
14.2
15.2
78.0

11 ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

16CALIFORNIA
9,463.0
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove . .
776.7
Bakersfield
123.1
Fresno
178.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach
3,528.5
Modesto
86.6
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
137.2
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario . .
421.0
Sacramento
385.9
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
85.8
San Diego
616.9
San Francisco-Oakland
1,518-4
San Jose
603.1
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc . .
114.3
Santa Rosa
84.8
Stockton
115.9
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
97.2

248.4
216.8

250.2
219.3

t*)
167.8
393.7
62.9
191.3
108.5

89.6

.9

.9

CD
CD

CD
CD

3.7

430.5
66.3
94.0
29.7
43.6
30.7
32.9

(•)
66.6
95.4
30.0
43.2
31.0
32.9

15.0
14.3

69.8
65.0

69.0
64.0

64.8
60.2

15.1
77.4

15.2
52.1

15.5
53.6

15.6
54.1

9.6 212.5 237.3 238.3
CD
4.4
4.7
4.8
CD 23.0 24.8 25.1
(D
3.1
3.9
4.0

438.4
7.7
36.6
3.9
32.3
97.1
32.8
13.2
6.4
2.5
66.6
24.3

454.1
8.1
39.3
3.8
32.4
97.9
34.8
12.9
6.5
2.3
70.3
27.0

462.5

516.2
1C.8
136.5
36.4
20.4

518.3
11.5
137.5
36.4
20.8
14.6

520.6
12.3
13S.6
36.5
20.9
14.8

596.6
599.1
590.5
1,473.0 1,486.0 1,493.8

(1)
(D

(1)

CD
CD

15.2
83.2

46fLORIDA
47
Daytona Beach
48
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood .
49 Gainesville
50 Jacksonville
51 Miami
52 Orlando
53 Pensacola
54 Sarasota
55 Tallahassee
56 Tampa-St. Petersburg
57 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton .

3,206.3 3,301
72
70.6
298
292.7
61.2
62
282.5
285
655.5
667
254.5
264
93.5
95
62.2
63
67.7
70
484.8
491
177.5
183

3,350.1
72.4
303.6
63.2
2Q7.0
678.3
267.3
95.6
64.8
71.0
494.2
188.8

9.6
(1)

9.7

58 GEORGIA
Albany . . .
Atlanta . .
Augusta . .
Columbus
Macon . . .

2,019.0 2,029.1 2,033.3
44.6
42.6
44.0

7.6
(1)
CD
(D
CD
CD

See footnotes at end of table.

1OO




866.8
120.5
81.1
96.4

868.5
121.5
81.7
94.3 i

872.1
121.9
82.1
94.7

(1)
CD

d)
d)
{1)

19.6
10.3

429.3
64.9
91.0
29.2
45.5
29.9
33.1

44 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA

CD

15.8
14,5

c*>

CD
CD

CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
(D
CD
CD

.

180.5
123.5

CD
CD

(D
d)
O)
U)

16.0
15.0
21.4
10.9
182.7
123.6

(D

CD

2,004.4 1,990.8
215.1
217.4
9.9
10.0
25.7
25.1
939.1
933.9
20.6
19.0
22-2
22.5
68.1
67.8
28.1
27.9
9.8
10.1
100.2
100.2
2 05.3
203.9
224.4
224.6

172.8
1.17.9

15.5
14.5

CD

6.3

81.1
50.8

247.9
216.8

Wilmington

(*)

CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
U)

14.0
2.4
6.6
5.2
3.7

6.2
13.9
2.3

15.6
31,5
16.3

15.8
38.3
18.6

38.6

6.5
6.8
3.4
32.7
16.1

6.9
6.5
3.3

6.9
6.5
3.3
33.2

7.8

7.8 100.0

CD
CD
CD
CD
CD

CD
CD
CD
CD
(D

3.9
39.7
7.4
5.1
4.8

32.8
17.3

95.2
3.5
37.1
6.8
4.3
4.3

15.9
18.5

17.8

95.3
3.2
37.0
6.9
4.5
4.2

1 4 . 9j

8.1

39.6
3.8
32.2

98.6
35.0
12.8

6..5
2.3
70.6
27.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

N07.
1978

OCT.

71.1
28.6
10.9

73.2
29.0
2.7
13.5

4.9
1.7

Finance, insurance,

Wholesale and retail trade

OCT.

NOV.

1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.

1979

1979

NOV.
1979P

5.9

1$9.5
65.1
18.0
26.1
.19*1
6.1

199.2
65.4
17.9
26.0
19.2
6.1

296.0
53.3
33.7
24.7
28.3
17.3

298.7
54.1
34.0
23.6
28.6
17.3

299.6
54.1
34.1
23.6
28.6
17.6

55.5

55.4

(*)

NOV.
1978

NO?.
1979P

OCT.

1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.

1979 1 9 7 9P

1978

1979 1979P

5.0
1.6

72.0
29.0
2.7
11.3
5.0
1-7

275.8
85.9
22.3
37.3
24.7

277.2
88.3
23.0
36.7
24.5

279*6
89.1
23.0
37.6
24.7

58.0
23.2
3.5
7.2
6.1
1.7

58.0
23.1
3.5
7.3
6.1
1.7

194.6
63.1
17.5
26.6
18.6

15.9

17.3

(•)

46.4
28.0

47.0
27.4

49.4
29.4

8.3

8.7

8.8

42.9

45.8

45.1

3*3
3.4

3.4
3.5

3.4
3.5

12.4

12.7

12.7

3.7

4.0

4.0

2.7

NOV.

NOV.

Government

Services

and real estate

NOV.

9.8

9.5

9.6

58.2
22.8
3.4
7.0
6.0
1.7

28.7

29.3

(•)

7.7

7*5

(•)

27.2

29.4

222.5
149.5
37.7

236.0
158*2
39.4

241.8
162.6
40.3

51.0
39.0
7.3

53.6
40.7
7.9

53*9
40.9
8.0

177.4
113.4
34.4

188.7
120.4
36.0

189.6
121.3
36.3

200.8
99.6
43.2

202.2
101.6
43.6

203.5
102.1
44.1

161.9
14.8
14.8
41.3

165.1
15.1
14.5
42.0

32.0
2.3
2.6
12.3
1.3

31.9
2.3
2.6
12.4
1.3

105.4
8.4
11.0
31.9
4.7

1T3.1
9.0
11.2
34.7
4.9

112.3
8.8
11. 1
34.5
4.9

139.3
12.4

6.0

30.7
2.2
2.4
12.0
1.2

136.0
12.4
7.6
35.5

6.3

164.8
15.2
14.6
42.0
6.1

140.1
12.4
7.7
36.6
7.2

(•)

7.1

7.6

36.4
7.2

524.1 538.1 539.9 2,217.2 2,297.3 2,317.5 566.2 592.3 593.9 2,013.2 2,131.9 2,136.0 1,731.4 1,749.7 1,760.6
203.7 48.5 53.7 54.0
190.1
24.8 26*2 26.5
200*9
102.4
155.0
103.9
106.2
166.5
165.1
7.6
7.8
7.7
20.9
4.5
4.5
4.6
33.2
31.8
32.9
31.3
32.2
32.2
21.4
21.5
40.4
33.6
9.7
10.4 10.5
50.7
47.6
50.8
10.4 10.7 10.7
40.2
41.2
35.2
35.2
819.2
199.2 203.7 204.6
846.8 214. 9 219.9 221.0
836.7
481.4
782.1
478.1
486.1
817.5
812.6
3.9
3.8
22.3
3.8
16.1
3.2
2.9
3.2
24.3
23.5
16.4
16.4
16.6
16.7
16.7
6.1
6-0
25.7
6.3
6.0
6.3
34.2
33.2
34.0
6. 1
35.7
35.3
35.1
27.6
27.6
106*5
22.3 23.6 23.7
107.5 17.1
101.9
17.9 17.9
96.6
86.2
10,0.2
97.9
90.6
89.3
20.8 20.9
96.5 19.2
89.4
20.7 22.0 21*9
75.0
94.9
136.4
75.2
135.3
136.5
69.3
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.1
3.9
4.1
22.3
21.8
22.4
22.4
22.4
18.7
18.6
18.2
22.5
141.0
143.4
141.0
134.1
152.0 34.1 36.0 36.1
146.1
150.1
26.8 27.1 27.2
141.3
143.9
128.0 124.6 126.4
369.0 134.3 140.1 140*6
358.0
366.3
344.4
331.6
284.4
344.0
289.9
292.0
124.1 23.9 25.6 25.5
117.6
122.6
20.2 21.2 21.2
138.0
79.3
78.7
138.0
131.2
79.8
4.5
4.3
4-5
24*7
23.5
29.6
5.0
4.9
5.0
30.6
29.8
30.4
31*1
23.8
30.9
4.3
4.2
5.4
21.7
20.5
21.6
5.2
5.3
4.3
19.4
19.4
16.6
16.6
16.1
19.8
8.4
8.1
8.5
24.4
24.4
22.9
5.1
4.8
5.1
29.0
27.4
29.5
27.3
27.2
27.3
4
.
4
4.3
4.2
36.6
35.7
18.0
18.0
17.5
3*5
3.3
3.5
20.9
19.9
20.7
36.2
71.1
49.5

75.4
53.2

75.6
53.2

291.2
184.8

294.3
186.4

294.0
186.2

59.1

61.8

6.0

6.3

(*)
6.3

14.9

15.4

15.3

1.5

1.5

1.5

15.5

15.6

15.6

3.1

3.8
3.1

3.8
3.1

294.5
34.6
80.4
10.5
40.4
24.3
15.8

302.3
33.7
81.8
10.6
40*8
24.6
15.9

13.0
12.2

12.9
12.3

13.0
12-3

55.6
45.7

25.7
64.5

26.3
66.9

26.3
66.9

197.1 207.9 211.1

3.6

24.0

73.2
13.5
5.3
2.8




18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

97.0 100.1
6.7
6.8
55.1 57.2
1.7
1.7
10.4
10.5
7.4
7.2
3.2
3.3

(*)
6.8
57.3
1.7
10.4
7.5
3.3

266.9
31.0
72.0
9.6
45.4
24.1
17.9

278.6
31.4
75.1
9.8
47.1
25.7
19.1

(*)
31.5
75.1
9.9
47.2
25.7
19.2

187.6
16.5
53.0
7.1
26.7

187.2
16.3
53.2

53.6

7.0

7.0

27.1
10.3
11.3

39
40

11.9

26.9
10.0
11.2

53.7
43.3

54.8
44.0

11.4
10.1

11.5
10.2

11.5
10.2

42.5
37.3

43.4
38.8

43.3
38.6

40.6
32.0

44.7
36.5

45.5
37.2

42

66.3
287.9

66.4
285.8

66.8
290.3

33.6
84.6

33.7
87*2

33.9
87.5

161.3
366.4

166.0
381.1

167.0
381.4

273.2
534.3

273.5
533.4

274.4
536.2

44
45

825.3
19.3
82.6
12.1
73.3
165.1
69*3
22.0
17.7
15.3
133w3
45.0

842.1 224.7 24 2.6 243.0
4.0
4.3
19.4
4.3
25.1 25.0
84.8 24.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
12.2
73.9 28.0 28.4 28.3
166.8 47.4 50.0 50.8
18.3 18.3
70.2 17.0
4*4
4.2
4.3
22.3
4.9
4.7
4.9
18.6
3.2
3.1
3.1
15*3
37.6 37.7
134.5 35.3
14.3 14.6
46.9 13.7

683.9
17.8
67.5

709.3
18.7
69.1
8.4

54.5
156.6
64.5
17.2
14.2
9.2
108.5
40*5

56.1
157.5
67.5
17.8
15.3
11.8
111.2
40.0

614.5
14.2
42.6
29.6
54.9
90.4
41.3
25.6
9.4
33.5
78.2
30.1

614.8
14.2
43.2
29.7
55.8
88.5
43.0
26.0
9.8
31.9
77.9
31.9

623.2
14.4
43.1
30.5
56.2
89.6
43.7
26.2
9.8
32.8
78. 0
32.4

46
47

7.8

720-3
18.6
71.3
8.6
56.5
160.7
68.1
17.7
15.7
11.8
112.0
41.3

466.9
9.7
238.7
24.9
17.1
19.5

467.7 102.8 106.0 106.4
1.7
9.7
1.9
1.8
239.9 59.3 62.6 61.6
4.4
4.3
4.4
24.8
5.2
5.2
5.2
16.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
19.8

301.1
4.9
158.5
14.9
10.7
15.2

305.9
5*3
160.3
15.6
10.9
15. 1 l

305.8
5.3
160.3
15.6
10.8
15.2

397.7
10.2
150.9
28.1
19.0
30.9

398.7
10.2
152.8
29.1
19.8
30.4

400.3
10.3
154.4
29.3
20.5
30.3

465.4
9.3
243.9
25.1
17.4
20.4

23.8
70.6
13.2
5.6
2.7

16
17

34.3
83.0
10.6
41.3
25.0
16.1

128.0 130.3 129.5
2.0
1.9
1.9
78.0 79.6 79.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.4
3.4
3.5
4.6
4.6
4.5

22.8
64.7
12.6
4.8
2.7
2.2
28.2
7.7

15

224.6
124.0

8.1

1.5

14

221.5
123.7

8.1

14.7

1.5

11
12
13

242.6
158.3

2.3

14.6

1.5

9
10

242.2
158.2

28.2

14.5

8

237*5
153.4

2.3

2.9

7

72.8
51.9

28.2

2.9

5
6

72.7
51.8

825.6
19.7
83.9
12.7
74.4
167.8
70.0
22.0
18.0
13.8
133.3
45.1

2.8

69.1
49.2

1
2
3
4

(*)

9.7

224.8
124.1
(•)

te.2

34
35
36
37
38

41

43

48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued

Total

MOV.
1978
GEORGIA—Continued
Savannah

OCT.
1979

Manufacturing

Construction

NO?.
1979P

HOV.
1978

HOV.
1978

HOV.
1978

OCT. HOV.
1979 19?9P

d)

6.5

4.6

4.6

17.0

16.4

16.5

(D

21.4
17.6

23.4
18.6

23.1
18.3

22.4
16.3

21.9
16.0

22.4
16.2

20.2
6.3

20.5
6.5

19.6
6.3

60.2
9.1

61.2
10.2

59.6
9.7

85.2

83.1

82.9

d)

2|HAWAII . . .
Honolulu

384.2
318.0

399.1
330.8

397.8
329.9

CD

IDAHO
Boise City

341.3
81.0

345.4
82.9

343.0
81.9

3,9
(1)

4.2

4.2

(D

d)

(1)

(1)

OCT. HOV.
1979 1979P

OCT.
1979

HOV.
1979P

LLINOIS
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul . .
Chicago-Gary
Chicago SMSA 8
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Oecatur
Kankakee
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,841
49
71
3,469
3,207,
160
55
33
151
122
83

4,860.8 4,833.0
50.4
50.4
73.6
74.1
3,508.5
(*>
3,245.9 3,244.6
156.9
156.4
51.0
50.2
33.2
33.5
118.9
119.1
123.3
123.1
82.9
82.1

27.9
(2)
(2)
4.9
4.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

29.1
(2)
<2)
5.1
5.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

29.0 185.4 185.9 180.0 1,249.5 1,194.9 1,157.5
1.6
(2)
1.4
1.3
7.0
7.3
7.1
2.8
(2)
3.0
2.9
7.9
8.1
8.1
<•) 149.8 155.8
951.4
943.6
(•)
C*)
5.0 132.7 137.3 135.9
846.5
844.0
833.6
7.3
(2)
7.5
48.8
43.4
7.4
43.3
3.1
(2)
3.5
1S.3
14.5
3.3
13.4
1.2
(2)
1.1
10.1
9.5
1.1
9.7
9.3
(2)
9.5
16.2
51.8
9.2
15.8
3.6
(2)
3.4
56.8
3.3
56.7
56.2
4.0
(2)
4.2
4.0
7.8
6.7
7.3

INDIANA
Anderson
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago ?.
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,233.5 2,258.4 2,243.1
51.6
53.6
51.0
125.6
126.2
125.3
179.8
176.9
172.3
260.6
259.4
261.7
522.6
516.4
522.6
59.8
59.4
59.4
50.6
50.8
50.1
113.9
113.5
113.6
65.8
65.6
65.2

10.1
(1)
2.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.5

10.2

10.0 110.1 122.4 119.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
(1)
8.4
8.5
8.1
2.5
7.6
8.1
7.9
(1)
(1) 17.1 18.6 18.1
18.7
20.6
20.1
(1)
2.3
2.0
2.3
(D
2.0
(D
2.0
1.9
CD
4.8
5.2
4.8
1.5
3.1
2.4
3.0

1,126.6 1,131.0 1,147.0
88.5
85,0
88.5
183.4
181.7
180.9
46.0
45.1
40.4
51.7
52.3
51.4
70.4
66.9
59.7

2.5
(1)
(1)

2.4

27 IOWA .
28 Cedar Rapids
29 Des Moines
30 Dubuque
31 Sioux City
32 Waterloo-Cedar Falls
33 KANSAS
Lawrence .
Topeka . .
Wichita . .
37 KENTUCKY
Lexington-Fayette .
Louisville
Owensboro
LOUISIANA . .
Alexandria . .
Baton Rouge
Lafayette . .
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport .

931.7
27.2
85.3
197.3

958.8
28.6
85.6
209.0

963.5
28.8
85.7
210.8

1,270.2 1,290.0 1,295.6
155.2
153.9
150.0
412.2
412.6
410.8
31.0
31.9
31.8
1,431.6 1,458.5 1,467.9
51.6
51.8
51.8
188.5
189.7
190.2
69.9
70.5
64.4
59.1
59.2
58.6
49.8
50.2
50.2
483.4
486.2
478.9
146.0
143.4
146.7
410.5
34.8
87.9

(D

2.6

(D

(1)

(D
(D
d)
41)

1.5

2.3

64.0
4.6
8.9
2.3
3.8
3.3

60.9
4.4
8.8
2.3
3.7
3.2

253.9
29.8
26.3
17.4
9.9
22.2

241.4
30.2
24.6
12.4
9.3
14.1

259.5
30.1
26.3
17.8
9.3
24.7

d)

(1)
(1)

13.3
42)
.3
2.4

13.5
(2)
.3
2.4

49.4
1.3
3.8
10.4

55.8
1.5
3.8
13.0

53.6
1.5
3.7
12.3

194.1
4.4
11.3
62.8

198.5
4.7
10.6
69.5

203.1
4.8
10.6
70.8

d)
d)

60.5

.9

59.7
(1)
(1)
.8

74.7
8.3
21.9
2.5

72.9
10.0
21.1
2.8

73.4
9.8
20.9
2.5

29L3.3
3L1.3
112.4
7.1

286.9
30.9
106.6
6.9

289.5
31.2
103.5
6.9

74.0

77.8

78.4 118.8 125.4 125.9
3.3
3.2
3.2
(D
1.0 25.7 24.7 24.8
7.0
5.3
7.0
12.6
5.6
5.5
5.6
1.9
4.8
4.8
4.9
.3
16.4 28.8 28.9 29.1
10.4
11.7
11.6
5.5

212.9
6.5
24.9
3.8
12.4
6.7
52.8
26.5

213.9
6.4
25.2
4.3
12.6
8.7
52.3
28.1

215.8
6.5
25.3
4.2
12.7
8.4
52.4
26.0

18.8
1.4
4.0

113.0
12.6
16.1

114.0
11.9
17.3

114.4
12.0
17.5

246.6
166.9

247.8
166.4

247.5
166.6

665.2
287.4
12.8
21.1
40.1
24.2
27.0
66-4

669.2
284.5
13.2
21.1
39*8
26.6
26.6
69.9

668.9
285.2
13.0
20.8
39.8
26.8
26.6
69.9

12.8
(2)
.3
2.0
61.0

(D

(D

1.0
11.6
1.9
.4
15.7
5.3

1.0
12.3
1.9
.4
16.4
5.5

(1)

tD
(D
d)

(D
(D

.8

d)
d)

(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)

52 MARYLAND
Baltimore

1,623.5 1,626.1 1,632.8
897.8
903.1
900.3

(1)

(1)
(1)

i-D 109.7 106.8 106.7
.It) 53.1 52.8 52.8

54 MASSACHUSETTS
Boston .

2,557.8 2,602.2 2,614.3
1,387.9 1,411.4 1,423.0
55.8
58.2
58.9
57.8
56.9
57.7
107.6
107.5
107.9
76.2
72.0
76.5
66.1
6,6.6
66.4
234.3
241.2
241.8

(D
(D
(D

(D
CD
CD
(D
CD
.d)
(D

53

Fall River . . . . . . .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell . :
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
See footnotes at end of table.

1O2




714.3
23.5
37.0
53.3
99.0
126.0
11.9
14.4
33.6
16.8

CD

(D
(D
0)

(1)
(1)

n>

416.2
36.3
89.0

731.8
24.2
37.5
61.5
99.9
127.7
12.5
14.3
34.1
16.9

60.7
4.3
9.0
2.2
3.9
2.9

(D

413.1
36.4
90.3

49 MAINE .
50
Lewi ston-Auburn
51 Portland

752.6
26.1
38.4
62.3
104.9
131.6
13.0
14.3
34.8
17.7

(1)
(1)

01

d)
d)

(D

•CD

20.4
1.3
3.9

78.7
40.0
2.0
1.8
3.1
2.8
1.9
6.0

19.6
1.5
4.0

84.0
42.6
1.8
1.9
3.1
3.1
1.7
6.5

83.9
41.9
1.8
1-9
3.2
3.0
1.6
6.3

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands}
Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

NOV.
1979 1979P

NOV.
1979 1979.P

NOV.
1978

OCT.

1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

9.4

10.3

9.8

19.6

19.3

19.4

4.0

4.2

29.5
24.2

30.8
25.7

31.0
25.7

100.3
84.0

106.2
89.1

107.0
89.9

29.5
25.7

20.2

20.2

20.2

5.0

5.4

5.4

85.1
21.6

84.5
20.5

85.3
20.6

NOV.
1978

OCT.

Services

and real estala

1.5
8.1
5.1
4.8

7.8
36.1
24.7
19.7

36.6
25.4
19.6

8.1
37.2
25.7
19.9

110.2 110.6 110.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.7
6.8
6.8
11.4
10.8 11.5
15.3
14.5 15.4
31.0 31.5 31.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.2
2.2
2.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.0
4.0
4.0

484.6
10.7
30.1
41.8
50.2
127.9
12.0
11.6
27.0
16.3

486.8
10.4
30.2
42.9
51.6
130.6
11.9
11.5
27.6
16.1

488.3
10.5
30.8
43.7
51.7
132.7
12.0
11.6
27.8
16.3

56.1
3.9
11.3
1.6
4.0
2.5

57.2

56.7
3.9
11.7
1.6
4.0
2.6

287.3
18.5
48.3
9.3
13.7
14.8

294.4
19.9
48.6

64.1
1.4
7.4
10.2

67.7

67.1
1.5
7.5
10.9

224.3
5.6
19.3
43.7

226.7

69.9
7.0
24.7
2.2

69.6

69.6
7.8
25.9
2.3

276.1
34.4
96.5
7.5

290.3
34.1
100.6

110.2 111.8 110.8
2.6
2.6
2.5
9.8
9.8
9.6
4.7
4.7
4.6
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.4
2.4
2.3
48.4 49.8 49.4
10.5
10.0 10.4
18.1
1.1
5.2

18.9
1.2
5.4

87.7
60.5

88.1
62.4

1.5
8.0
5.1
4.8

8.0

OCT.

1978

1979

NOV.
1979P

13.9

15.0

14.7

14.6

1

101.3
82.7

102.6
83.3

88.0
75.0

84.9
72.2

81.0
69.9

3

56.8
13.4

59.8
14.3

59.4
14.0

72.2
16.7

72.0
17.0

71.7
16.9

4

901.3
7.0
9.5
662.5
627.9

931.6

929.6

7.3
9.5

778.1
12.0
29.8
494.0
462.5

805.9
11.9
31.1
512.3
480.7

810.9
11.9
31.4

6
7

67Q.1
642.4

7.3
9.7
(•)

o o ~\

*> 'S e

8.6
6.1
26.5
16.0
15.4

8.9
6.2

OCT.

1979

NOV.
1979P

4.2

13.6

13.7

30.6
26.5

30*7
26.6

93.1
75.2

22.7

23.0

23.0

8.9

9.0

9.0

298.1 304.3 310.6 1,112.3 1,112.1 1,117.5 289.1 297.1 297.9
7.5
7.3
7.5
12.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
11.8
11.9
2.4
2.3
2.4
17.0
16.2
2.6
2.6
2.5
16.9
775.4
773.3
214.6 219.6
(•)
(•)
<•) 216.8 220.9
200.1 203.8 208.0
720.6
724.4 207.9 212.3 213.2
725.2
6.9
42.3
42.0
7.9
7r •Q
7
4.7
11.4
11.4
4.8
2.6
2*6
11.6
2.5
4.8
1.3
7.7
5.3
4.8

NOV.

NOV.
1978

OCT.

1.0
7.5
4.0
6.7

1.0
7.6
4.1
6.8

1.0
7.6
4.2
6.8

27.9
16.6
15.8

315.1
6.9
23.3
26.8
34.6
84.3
8.5
7.3
23.1
8.9

329.9

330.2

6.8

6.8

23.7
27.7
34.5
88.6

23.5
27.9
34.4
88.3

9.1
7.7

9.0
7.8

23.8

23.7

9.3

9.2

198.4
14.7
37.7
9.4
11.2
10.4

204.7
15.1
37.7

203.7
15.2
37.9

9.3

9.3

11.5
10.9

11.7
10.9

1S7.7
3.3
16.2
36.2

166.1

166.0

3.5

3.5

16.9
37.1

17.0
37.5

205.2
26.5
74.7
5.3

214.1
29.7
76.5

213.9
29.7
77.0

6.0

5.9

245.2
10.2
26.7
11.9

246.7
10.2
26.8
12.0

105.8
24.7

1X>6. 8

6.8

241.7
9.7
27.3
11.5
9.5
7.7
104.8
24.3

1.7
4.4

1.7
4.4

10.1

10.1

9.0

9.0

34.7

35.7

35.7

2.8
1.5
5.1
2.0

2.6
1.6
5.2
2.1

2.5
1.6
5*2
2.0

296.3
20.3
49.3
9.5
13.6
15.0

55.7

58.5

58.4

4.3

4.4

4.4

19.6

20.2

20.2

1.3
2.7
2.0

1.3
2.8
2.0

1.3
2.8
2.0

228.5
5.7
19.4
45.1

45.4

47.3

47.3

.8
5.7
9.0

.9
5*9
9.4

.8
6.0
9.3

48.9

50.8

51.4

7.5

290.8
35.5
102.3
7.7

342.0
11.4
40.0
16.5
13.0
13.1
120.4
34.8

344.2
10.9
41.6
17.9
13.1
12.6
119.4
35.0

348.8
10.9
42.4
18.2
13.2
12.7
121.1
35.4

18.7
1.2
5*2

90.4
7.8
24.4

91.5

16.0
1.5
6.8

16.3
1.5
7.2

16.2
1.6
7.2

69.0
7.0
18.1

72.0

23.2

90.4
8.9
24.0

88.5
62.9

386.9
199.3

383.2
194.9

386.5
196.4

86.6
52*3

89.7
54.1

89.9
54.2

118.3 118.0 117.8
69.9 71.8 72.1
4.5
4.5
4.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.9
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
9.8
10.1 10.1

572.3
311.8
14.8
12.2
23.3
15.7
12.4
49.2

576.1
309.9
15.0
12.2
22.9
16.0
12.5
51.4

581.7 148.6 152.0 152.0
314.9 101.7 105.5 106.0
2.2
2.2
2.1
15.6
2.6
12.4
2.6
2.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
23.0
2.2
2.2
2.1
16.0
1*9
2.0
2.0
12.6
13.0
51.6 12.6 13.0

3.9

11.7
1.6
4.0
2.5
1.4
7.5

10.8
7.8

25.8
2.3




9.5

13.5
14.8
5.7

19.5
44.5

8.9

7.0

7.1

7.2

22*0

23.0

23.2

1*1

1.2

1.2

70.5

72.8

73.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

10.6

11.0

11.0

2.0
2.6
3.3

28.6
6.5

2.2
2.6
3.4

29.9
6.8

6.3

27.9
16.6
15.8

97.3 100.5 100.5
1.7
4.3
9.7
8.9

642.2
O"3 "3
23. 3
8.9

2.2
2.6
3.4

30.0

<)C

ft

(*)

482.4
25.4
5.6

2

5

8
9

10
11

25.9
5.4
5.9
13.0
12.1
24.6

25.4
5.4
5.9
13.2
12.0
24.1

353.7
5.5
12.3
17.9
31.5
88.2
19.5
11.2
13.1
12.4

366.2
5.8
12.1
18.0
31.6
87.9
19.8
11.3
13.1
12.8

36.9.6

17

5.8

18
19

212.0
9.5
29.5
4.0
6.7
12.0

208.4
10.5
29.2
4.2
6.5
12.0

209.2 27
10.2 28
29.3 29
4 . 2 30
6 . 5 31
12.0 32

183.9
10.6
21.3
23.0

183.4
10.9
21.1
22.3

184.4
11.0
21.2
22.5

5.8

13.3
12.0
24.3

12.2
18.0
31.9
88.2
20.1
11.3

12
13
14
15
16

20
21
22
23
24

13.2 25
12.8 26

33
34
35
36

241.1
35.5
58.5
4.4

245.7
34.0
59.1
4.4

246.5
34.0 38
59.4 39
4 . 5 40

24.7

261.5
15.2
51.1
9.1
10.6
9.5
79.4
23.6

267.4
15.1
48.5
9.6
10.9
9.6
80.9
23.9

268.2
15.2
46.6
9.6
10.9
9.8
81.0
24.1

83.6
3.5
13.4

83.9
3.6
13.1

84.0
3.6
13.4

49

18.8

70.6
7.1
19.0

321.4
173.6

336.5
178.8

334.1
178.0

384.6
194.6

374.0
188.4

379.6
192.2

52
S3

572.1
374.6
8.8
9.6
16.0
11.0
6.6
44.4

599.1
391.0

599.1
394.7
9^8
10.3
16.4
11.7
8.8
46.7

402.6
202.5
11.1
7.7
17.1
12.8
11.9
43.9

403.8
206.1
11.7
7.7
17.2
12.8
12.5
43.9

410.9 54
208.2 55
12.0 56
7 . 7 57
17*3 58
12.9 59
12.3 60
44.2 61

9.5
8.2

7.7

9.8

10.3
16.3
11.6
6.9

46.4

9.5
8.4

37

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

50
51

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8

Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued

{in thousands)
Manufacturing

Total
State and arM

MASSACHUSETTS—Continued
Worcester
2 MICHIGAN . . .
Aof- Arbor . .
Battie Creek
Bay City . . .
Detroit
Flint . , . . : .
Grand Rapids
Jack on
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts . .
Saginaw
14 MINNESOTA
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

163.5

166.8

167.8

(D
(*)
(*)

(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)

3,608.1 3,597.3
142.2
141.0
68.0
67.5
37.0
37.1
1,782.4 1,772.9
202.9
202-1
265.2
264.4
55.7
55.2
11.1.5
111.2
198.3
199.9
63.0
62.3
90.8
90.2

(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)

OCT. NOV.
1979 1 9 7 9 P

NOV.
1978

(D

HI

4.8

11.9
(1)

11.9

(*)
(•)
(•)
C*l
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)

d)

(1)
1.2
<D
(1)

d)
(D
(D

1.2

(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D
(V)
(D
(D

17.8

17.4

(D
(D
(1)

OCT. NOV.
1979 1979P

5.2

HOV.
197Q

5.1

47.8

159.6 152.0
3.2
3.5
2.2
2.4
1.5
1.6
65.6
68.4
6.5
6.7
13.7
14.9
2.1
2.2
5.2
5.4
7.1
7.4
3.0
3-2
3.2
3.2

(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)

W
(*)

<•>
<*>
<•)

(*)
(•)
(•)

OCT.
1979

48.4
1,103
44
23
11
560
85
90
16
35
43
23
34

NOV.
1979P

48.7
1,080.4
41.9
22.8
11.6
543.6
84.7
90.6
16.1
35.0
44.9
22.7
33.3

(D

(D
d)

88.0 101.0
2.6
3.0
47.2
57.0

95.5
2.9
54.9

365.1
8.3
235.8

384.2
8.6
244.9

382.6
8.5
244.6

8.9
1. 1

9.5
1.2

9.4
1.2

47.2
8.7

49.9
9.8

48.3
9.3

237.6
1S.1

233.5
18.9

231.2
19.0

1,956.9 1,976.5 1,965.4
627.5
624.2
626.9
36.4
35.7
36.0
988.3
967.6
970.3
83.7
83.7
83.8

8.1
.5
(2)
2.5
(2)

8.8
.5
(2)
2.6
(2)

8.6
.5
(2)
2.6
(2)

85.0
28.5
1.9
46.3
3.5

91.6
31.8
2.0
47.0
3.9

87.9
31.0
2.0
45.6
4.0

460.8
126.0
S.2
258.0
18.6

446.1
124.7
8.7
245.4
18.2

437.6
124.9
8.6
239.7
18.0

1,727.4 1,795.6 1,797.7
63.2
64.2
64.8
1,045.5 1,082.7 1,088.4

17.3

836.9
146.9

17 MISSISSIPPI
18
19 MISSOURI . .
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield .

NOV.
1978

83 2.1
143.5

838.9
146.9

(D
d)

24 MONTANA
Billings . . .
Great Falls ,

282.0
46.0
30.6

294.2
48.7
31.2

291-8
48.5
31.0

7.6

8.2

8.2

(1)

d)
d)

<D
(D

16.9
2.3
1.9

17.9
3.1
2.0

16.7
2.8
1.9

27.1
4.1
1.9

28.1
4.6
1.8

27.7
4.6
1.8

21 NEBRASKA
Lincoln
Omaha .

609.9
101.9
255.8

619.1
100.9
261.8

620.5
101.4
262.7

1.6
(2)
(2)

1.6
<2)
(2)

1.6
(2)
(2)

34.2
4.8
12.6

34.5
4.9
12.3

33.3
4.8
11.8

93.9
14.0
35.4

97.6
13.6
37.1

97.1
13.4
36.9

30NEVADA .
Las Vegas
Reno

368.1
19 5.6
110,3

383.3
205.0
114.0

384.4
206.3
114.1

3.9
.3
.6

4.2
.2
.6

4.2
.2
.7

27.5
14.3
8.8

26.5
13.9
7.8

25.7
13.6
7.6

18.7
6.6
8.3

20.1
7.3
8.7

20.1
7.3
8.6

33NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua .

37 1.8
73.8
57.4

389.6
75.1
61.0

387.8
75.7
61.2

.5
(2)

.5
(2)
(2)

.5
(2)
(2)

21.0
3.8
2.9

22.5
3.8
3.4

22.2
3.8
3.3

1 '2.2
19.3
26.1

114.7
18.6
27.5

114.5
18.6
27.6

36 NEW JERSEY
3,
37 Atlantic City .
Camden .' ,4.,. .
39
Hackensack..5.
Jersey City .5.
Long Branch-Asbury Park
«.
NewBruns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville ?. .
?
43
Newark .
,~
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic * . , ,
Trenton
.. .
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton . . . . . . .

025.
72
331.
400
236
154
282
942.
197
164
57.

3,053.8 3,056.7
84.8
83.9
332.4
331.6
393.9
391.7
233.8
235.0
155.3
154.6
287.5
287.8
955.3
952.3
198.8
196.6
167.5
167.3
58.9
58.8

2.5

2.6

2.5

.1

.1
(1)

.1

(D

(1)

d)
(D

(D
(D

117.9 122.2 121.2
3.5
7.4
7.5
14.8
14.0
14.3
14.0
14.0
14.4
4.0
4.1
«*2
6.6
5.4
5.6
11.6
11.0
11.2
36.2
36.4
36.3
7.6
6.8
6.9
3.1
3.2
3.2
1.7
1.8
1.8

805.0
8.7
71.6
114.2
73.1
24.0
91.1
255.1
69.5
37.4
19.6

804.3
7.9
72.2
110.4
71.9
24.4
90.5
259.8
70.4
36.9
19.7

798.1
8.0
72.1
109.8
70.5
24.2
88,2
259.3
70.8
36.3
19.3

47 NEW MEXICO
48
Albuquerque

455.0
182.1

474.7
.189.3

25.3

36.6
15.1

34.1
17.4

35.5
18.4

35.5
16.3

7,139.0 7,154.4 7,172.7
49 NEW YORK .
331.8
332.0
50 Albany-Schenectady-Troy
331.0
119.3
119.3
51 Binghamton
120.0
518.0
519.5
52 Buffalo
519.1
38.2
38.2
53 Elmira
38.3
.. .
337.9
54 iVfonroe County .6. , . .
339.8
339 f 7
878.4
Nassau Suffolk
884.5
881.9
56 New York-Noriheastern New Jersey . . . 6,626.1 6,636.3
(*)
4,567.8 4*571.6 4,593.3
57 New York and Nassau-Suffolk ?
3,689.4
58 New York SMSA \
3,689.7 3,708.9
3,262.4 3,258.5 3,275.3
59 New York City *
94.4
60 Poughkeepsie
95.7
95.7
416.7
Rochester
419.3!
418.6

214.5 215.2 209.2
11
11.4
11.0
4
5.6
5.4
20
20.7
19.9
1
1.4
1.5
10
10.4
9.8
35
33.8
33.9
195
193,7
(•)
122
121.8 122.1
86
87.9
88.3
69
71.0
71.3
3
3.3
3.3
13
13.1
12.1

1,511.5
61.8
42.5
146.2
11.9
133.8
161.0
1,399.1

See footnotes at end of table.

104




475.3
190.0

(D

(D
(D

.9

.9

.9

O)
d)
<D

(D
d)
27.4

(D

27.2
(1)

6.5

7.1

7.1
CD
(1)

(D
(D
(1)

(D

(1)

(D
(D

(1)

(1)
(1)

(D
O>
d)
3.0
1.7
1.5
1.3
(1)
(1)

(D

(1)
3.0
1.7
1.5
1.3

(D

(1)

dl

(D
(D
(D
d)

(•)
1.8
1.6
1.3

(D
CD

36.5
15.7

37.5
15.6

795.9
634.9
545.2
31.2
156.4

1,511,
58.
42.
144.
12.
134.
163.
1,396.
794,
630.
539.
31.
156,

1,502.1
58.0
41.8
143.7
11.9
133.7
163.6
(•)
792.7
629. 1
537.5
31.8
155.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and

Wholesale and retail trade

public utilities

NOV.

1978
7.1
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Nov.

OCT. NOV.
1979 1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.

NOV.

NOV.

OCT.

1979

1979P

1978

1979 1979P

7.3

35.8

37.1

37.9

8.5

156.5 155.6

(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
<*)
(*)
(•)
(•)

754.1
20.9
11.8

765.8
21.2
11.9

<•)

365.9
<H.2
60.6
11.4
21.7
36.5
11.8
18.1

372.4
41.8
61.4
11.3
21.9
36.8
11.9
18.3

4J8.5
17.2
262.5

443.3
17.7
264.9

448.5
17.8
268.8

65-7

6 8.5

31.9
11.0

32.2
11.0

7.3

3.6
2.4
1-7

3.7
2.4
1.7

86.1

85.6

(•)

6.8

6.8

i*)

10.2

10.2

(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)

5.2
3.7

5.2
3.7

5.5
3.0
4.8

5.6
2.9
4.8

97.8 103.3 103.4

8.3

8.4

(•)
<•>
(•)
(•)
(•)
<•>
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)

88.4
2.2

Government

Services

NOV.
1978

OCT.

1979

NOV.
1979P

8.8

32.3

32.9

33.0

150.2 150.8

(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)

641.5
21.5
11.6

641.9
21.4
11.5

350.6
29.2
47.2
10.3
20.1
26.7

351.3
29.2
46.9
10.3
20.2
26.6

13.5

13.7

68.7

336.3
12.2
216.3

356.7
12.5
227.8

356.1
12.5
228.5

8.8
3.7
3.8
1.3

3.7
3.8
1.3

86.0

86.1

5.8
9.8
1.5
4.0
9.2
1.8
3.9

5.8
9.8
1.5

4.0
9.2
1.8
3.9

92. 1

92.4

2.4

2.4

6.3

9.2

6.5

9.2

NOV.

OCT.

1978

1979

NOV.
1979P

27.2

27.1

27.0

1

630.3
44.5
12.9

638.8
45.9
12.9

3
4

263.9
27.5
31.6

26.7.1
27.3
31.8

8.8

8.7

21.2
69.1
10.8
12.8

21.2
69.7
tC.8
13. 0

296.0
13.4
155.2

297.2
13.6
152.7

301.8
13.4
155.7

(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*>
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)

6.0

6.1

2

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

7,3

6.9

6.8

62.8

67.0

67.1

39.1

41.2

41.3

8.9

9.0

9.0

163.7
35.4

164.7
36.3

166.1
36.8

32.2
11.0

117.0
27.5

120.8
28.3

121.0
28.3

186.7
31.7

187.2
32.3

187.4
32.3

18

136.3 139.7 137.8
54.5 53.2 52.4

470.3
159.2

474.0
156^8

478.3 102.7 104.9 104.8
159.1 41.8 42.5 42.8

349.1
121.9

362.9
126.3

359.6
124.7

344.6
91.8

348.4
91.1

350.8
92.1

20

15
16
17

19

2.2

2.1

2.1

9.2

9.0

9.2

1.8

1.9

1.8

6.2

6.3

6.0

5.9

69.7

68.1

68.2

54.6

6.5

221.0
23.6

54.7

6.5

217.3
23.6

53.4

6.3

222.9
23.7

3.3

3.3

3.3

195.3
16.3

197.9
16.3

196.7
16.1

140.2
12.0

137.3
12.0

139.2
12.2

22.6

24.2

24.3

76.0
16.3
10.5

14.1

51.9

71.7

24

2.4
2.1

2.4

6.5

6.5

7.8
6.2

8.0
6.0

8.0
6.1

25

2.1

9.4
6.6

53.0
10.0

72.1

2.1
2.0

53.6
10.0

70.9

4.4
2.1

75.9
16.2
10.7

14.1

4.4
2.1

72.4
15.9
10.2

12.6

4.4
1.9

45.1

46.8

46.5

40.8

7.1

7.1

7.0

23.6

24.3

24.1

23.1

23.8

24.0

109.2
17.3
54.0

113.9
16.5
56.7

113.7
16.5
56.6

128.8
29.2
39.3

124.3
28.4
38.8

127.3
29.1
39.8

27

7.2

160.2
23.4
69.5

40.8

7.2

159. 1
23.2
68.8

39.6

7.0

157.5
22.5
67.8

22.6
12.8

24.1
13.6

154.0
88.4
42.6

159.0
91.1
44.4

159.0
91.6
44.1

53.2
24.0
14.9

55.4
25.4
15.5

55.4
25.4
15.5

30
31
32

65.3
13.3

71.4
:13.8

68.9
13.9

57.5

58.4

59.2

8.2

7.8

8.3

8.3

5.6

8.6
5.7

6.6
5.8

33
34
35

551.0
17.3
64.6
72.5
31.3
37.9
38.5
183.3
31.1
39.5

5.79.7
25.0
66.5
76.3
30.9
38.3
39.5
190.8
32.7
40.6

577.1
26.1
66.5
76.3
30.7
38.2
39.6
190-9
33.1
40.5
9.2

522.0
16.1
63.2
44.4
45.9
32.7
45.0
150.4
28.1
45.3
12.3

518.0
16.2
62.8
42.1
45.0
31.7
45.4
150.2
26.6
47.3
13.0

524.2
16.4
63.0
43.7
45.5
32.6
45.8
151.2
27.1
47.8
13.3

89.4
42.1

1 18.6
40.4

125.6
42.2

125.5
41.9

24.4
13.7

78.2
45.0
23.3

79.8
46.0
23.8

15.8

15.8

8.0

73.1
41.1
22.2

15.1

7.8

8.1
5.6

8.5
S.9

8.5
5.8

13.7

13.9

13.9

89.7
20.3
12.5

18.9

4.9
1.8

89.3
19.9
12.4

18.9

4.9
1.8

83.8
19.3
11.4

17.8

4.6
1.8

5.3

5.5
1.9

5.6
1.9

685.2
18.6
86.0
119.0
45.9
39.9
66.5
183.6
43.9
26.4

681.4
18.7
84.1
112.4
46.2
41.1
6 8.5
182.7
43.2
26.5

7.3

19 1.9 193.4 192.4
3.5

3.7

3.5

15.6
21.0
27.5

15.7
20.0
27.9

15.7
20.0
27.5

20.1
70.3

23.0
69.5

23.2
70.0

6.2

7.8
6.0
3.1

27.8
10.9

6.4

6.4

7.1
5.9
3.0

7.0
5.9
3.1

28.8
12.0

29.0
12.1

1.8

688.9 149.4 152.2 152.3
4.8
4.5
4.7
18.7
85.0 15.2 15.9 16.0
114.2 15.3 16.1 15.9
8.4
8.9
8.9
4$.6
7.0
7.1
7.1
41.4
9.7
9.4
9.7
70.0
184.3 62.5 62.1 62.3
9
.
7
9
.7
9.3
44.3
6.8
6.9
6.8
27.0

9.5

9.8

9.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

8.5

9.1

104.2
46.6

109.3
48.4

109.8
48.7

20.3
10.4

21.5
11-1

21.5
11.1

88.2
40.7

89.9
42.3

6.0

6.0

434.4 434.1 434.6 1,488.8 1,475.1 1*493.8 588.3 595.2 596.1 1,592.3 1,636.9 1,636.9 1,302.7 1,279.6 1,293.0
97.4
9$.5
94.7
66.8
66.9
65.3
67.9 14.9 15.2 15.1
67.4
68.0
15.4 15.5 15.5
4.6
3.7
4.7
4.7
3.7
3.6
23.3
23.2
23.2
18.0
17.6
22.5
22.1
22.7
17.9
90.4
89.2
89.7
55.7
95.7
94.8
118.7 21.5 22.1 22 .1
118.0
116.6
28.7 28.9 28.9
1.4

10.1
37.5
466.1
319.2
281.8
260.0
2.9

13.1

1.4
9.9

1.4
9.9

37.5 37.5
<*)
463.6
317.1 317.4
279.7 280.0
257.7 258.0
3.0

3.0

12.9

12.9




8.4

8.3

63.0
63.8
230.6
231.6
1,424.3 1,407.2
953.2
965.2
722.7
733.6
621.1
632.6
15.9
16.0
80.4
80.9

8.3

1.0

14.6
47.6
( • ) 590.7
964.2 485.8
731.8 438.2
629.0 418.7
2.5
15.9
80.9 16.2
63.5
232.4

1.0

6.9

7.1

7.1

6.9

7.0

40.1
40.2
67.2
66.9
64.6
15.2 15.1
177.5
180.0
189.3
19,0.6
185.0
48.2 48.3
598.7
(*) 1,471.6 1,509.0
( • ) 1,075.4 1,064.5
753.1
761.8
490.4 491.8 1,115.6 1,140.1 1,142.6
575.6
581.8
953.6
949.7
930.8
442.2 443.5
497.6
503.9
852.7
848.1
831.3
422.6 423.9
2.6
2.6
22.4
22.0
16.7
16.7
16.6
61.2
60.9
76-3,
78.5
75.9
16.9 16.8

40.7
179.6

i.o

7.0

(•)

760.7
581.0
501.6
22.5
62.1

21
22
23

26

28
29

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4b
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61

105

ESTABLISHMENT D A T A
S T A T E A N D AREA E M P L O Y M E N T
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)

NEW YORK—Continued
Rockland County
Syracuse

2
?
4

Utica-Rome

...

Westchester County

:
5 NORTH CAROLINA
6
Asheville
7
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Pt •
8
Raleigh-Durham
9

m NORTH DAKOTA
n Fargo-Moorhead

....

12 OHIO
Akron

n

Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland

^A
11!
16
17
18

Columbus
Dayton

19

Toledo

20

Youngstown-Warren

..

?1 O K L A H O M A
9?
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

23

*M OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
25
Jackson County
26
Portland
27
Salem
28

Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton. . !
Williamsport
York

43
44
45

2

...:

46 RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket
47
48 SOUTH C A R O L I N A
Charleston-North Charleston

49

Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

51

52 SOUTH D A K O T A
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
54

.. .

^ TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
56
S7
Knoxville
Sfl
Memphis
59
Nashvilie-Davidson
See footnotes at end of table.

1O6




OCT.
1979

HO?.
1979P

HOY.
1978

OCT.
1979

78.6
263.5
116.6
335.8

78.6
264.1
118.6
340.4

79.2
261.4
117.6
342.2

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
(D
(1)

2,315.3 2,371.7 2,375.5
69.1
69.1
68.8
318.1
316.9
314.4
385.9
379.9
385.0
261.8
253.4
260.8

4.9

4.8

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
(1)

(D

250.0
64.3

5.0
(2)

6.1
<2)

6.1
(2)

4,490.4 4,526.6 4,522.5
273.7
270.6
273.9
161.2
161.4
158.1
628.4
629.0
609.3
923.6
926.2
926.2
523.7
519.5
508.3
370.1
367.1
370.0
311.9
313.0
311.0
219.2
218.6
216.0

33.1
.4

31.7
.4

.5
•6
.5

.5
.6
.5

1,047.2 1,093.3 1,098.5
400.4
397.2
370.2
280.8
279.8
273.9

55.8
12.6
17.8

60.0
13.6
18.3

60.5
13.7
18.4

57.6
20.7
14.7

59.7
20.8
14.4

59.6
20.8
14.2

175,5
46.9
57.5

182.5
55.7
59.5

184.8
57.6
60.1

1,029.5 1,072.1 1,066.5
104.5
106.0
106.8

2.1

2.3
(1)

2.2
(D

53.7
6.2

58.0
5.6

55.2
5.2

(D
(D

(D
(D

28.7
4.8

28.9
5.0

28.7
5.0

21S.6
21.4
,7.9
108.6
15.4

236.5
21.8
8.2
118.3
17-4

229.9
20.8
7.8
117.5
14.8

240.1
63.1

252.0
65.1

550.9
94.3

553.3
92.1

4,738.2 4,735.7 4,745.5
262.7
260.7
262.2
53.0
53.1
51.9
1,573.9 1,572.8 1,584.5
117.1
117.0
117.9
213.2
213.4
216.3
90.3
90.1
88.8
151.9
151.2
151.1
240.8
239.7
243.1
1,905.3 1,904.3 1,916.9
806.7
803.7
807.0
948.0
948.3
950,2
142.8
141.9
138.4
87.9
87.1
86.9
123.3
123.3
126.9
49.3
49.3
50.2
154.3
151.4
152.9

Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelbh.a SMSA
Philadelphia City 1 0
Pittsburgh
Reading
n
Scranton

36
37
38
39
40
41
<P

. . . . .

ManufacturingI

MO?.
1978

538.5
88.1

29 P E N N S Y L V A N I A
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
30
AKoona
\
31
Delaware Valley 9.
32
Erie
33
Harrisburg
?<1

Construction

Mining

Total
Stats and a r M

40 9.6
421.8

405.2
415.7

406.5
417.1

1.2
.4
1.6
.9

(D
(D
0)
5?.9

(D
(D
(1)

(D
(1)
9.6

(D

1.2

(D
(D

12.0
(D
(D

1. 1

(D
(D
di
(D

(1)

(1)

(D

1.2
.4
1.6
.9

51.4
(1)

n>
(D
(i)
(1)

8.8

(D

1.2
(1)

(D
10.9

d)
(D

1.2

(D
(1)

HOY.
1979P
(D
(D
Ol
(D
4,7
(D
(D
(1)

OCT. HOY.
1979 1979P

HOY.
1978

OCT.
1979

HOY.
1979P

2.2

2.4

11.6
4.0
13.8

11.0
3.7
13.8

15.7
61.4
32.2
72.8

15.3
60.0
32.4
74.8

15.5
56.8
32.2
74.9

115.5 125.5 125.7
3.3
3.2
3.7
16.3 16.2 16.2
16.7 15.5 15.3
13.0 12.7 12.8

814.8
21.9
87.7
146.3
39.9

815.1
21.5
88.2
148.9
42.5

814.1
21.6
88.5
146.7
42.1

16.5
5.3

17.5
5.5

16.4
4.5

MOV.
1978

2.5
11.6

3.4
13.9

20.9
4.9

24.3
5.4

23.0
5.1

31.7 194.3 203.5 198.7 1,404.4 1,370.4 1,358.4
82.9
83.4
9.7
.4
86.1
9.6 10.0
7.3
7.5
1.2
7.3
56.8
57.6
57.7
.4
174.2
175.8
175-0
28.5 29.9 29.4
1.6
275.7
275.9
283.6
34.9 36.9 35.8
.9
99.6
99.0
102.3
22.8 24.0 23.5
114.J
106.6
.5 15.4 16.6 16.3
107.5
92.8
87.7
89.4
.6 13.0 13.4 13.1
9.5
79.4
8.1.3
79.7
9.2
9.1
.5

52.0 208.7 203.7 198.7 1,375.3 1,372.6 1,368.6
111.0
110.6
1.1X3.3
8.8
8.8
9.4
(D
13.2
13.2
13.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
(D
385.6
383.3
382.5
<D 59.5 62.1 61.9
44.6
45.5
45.3
3.6
3.5
4.9
(D
43.0
43.3
42.2
8.5
8.4
10.0
(D
3
.
2
3.1
3.1
8.8
19.9
19.8
20.3
59.4
8.5
59.4
8.3
60.1
8.5
(D
70.4
69.3
72.9
13.2 12.8 12.4
1.3
457.8
455.5
454.2
(U 74.3 76.4 75.9
147.9
147.1
151.4
(D 18.5 19.6 19.4
252.2
253.1
255.0
10.9 53.6 50.8 49.1
55.0
5.6
54.6
5.6
54.2
5.5
(D
29.3
2.4
28.5
2.3
28.5
2.2
d)
36.3
36.3
8.7
3S.9
8.8
9.5
1.2
17.0
17.4
2.2
16.3
2.1
2.0
(D
66.6
63.2
6.9
64.8
7.3
7.2
(D

Ml

(1)

(1)

(D

1.9

15.9
16.1

14.6
14.8

14.2
14.4

139.7
156.2

136.7
152.9

136.4
152.5

2.0

(11

d)
(1)
(1)

(D
(D
(D

$7.6
11.1
8.5
15.3

65.2
11.2
7.9
16.5

64.4
11.2
7.7
16.2

394.8
1S.2
26.1
105.4

393.8
19.3
27.1
104.3

393.3
19.2
26.8
103.6

238.3
29.1
52.4

2.6
(2)
(2)

2.9
(2)
(2)

2.9
(2)
(2)

13.3
2.9
3.9

13.7
3.1
3.0

12.8
2.9
2.8

25.0
2.7
7.3

26.5
3.2
7.9

26.6
3.2
7.8

1,741.6 1,740.8 1,737.8
168.0
168.0
169.0
197.4
197.2
199.4
354.3
355.0
355.0
355.9
355.6
358.3

10.3
1.3
1.6

10.3
1.4
1.2

10.1
1.4
1.3

93.0
7.3
12.6
13.7
21.9

97.0
7.0
1?.5
14.3
21.4

96.3
6.8
12.1
14.4
21.4

525.4
55.7
54.4
64.0
82.2

518.8
53.8
53.2
63.5
90.8

515.5
53.5
53.0
61.2
80.3

1,150.9 1,174.0 1,175.8
145.1
144.9
141.6
177.5
177.6
174.6
260.0
259.2
258.2
234.4
28.8
53.3

240.7
29.9
53.0

1.9
(1)

(D

.1

.2

.2

(D

d)

(D

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)

Transportation and
public utilities

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Wholesale and retail trade

Government

Services

HO?.

OCT. NO?.

MO?.

OCT.

HO?.

NO?.

OCT. HO¥.

HO?.

OCT.

NO?.

1978

1979 1979P

1978

1979

1979P

1978

1979 1979P

1978

1979

1979P

NO?.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

17.1
58.6
22.2
80.7

1.7.6
59.3
22.2
80.8

17.5
59.6
22.1
82.1

2.4

2.4

2.4

15.2

15.5

15.4

16.6

16.7

16.8

16.6
53,2
19.7
80.7

16.6
53.6
21.1
82.9

16.6
53.8
20.6
82.2

21.0
48.9
29.6
53.3

21.1
49.2
29.4
53.4

21.4
4S.6
29.4
54.6

455.5
14.4
77.8
78.0
49.7

470.3
14.2
78.9
78.5
50.2

473.5
14.3
80.0
79.9
51.4

85.8

89.3

89.9

2.3

2.2

2.2

19.8
17.3
14.6

19.9
17.9
14.8

20.0
17.7
14.9

316.8
11.6
46.0
54.4
52.7

336.9
12.9
47.1
56.2
55.3

334.5
12.6
46.4
56.1
55. Q

412.2
11.3
37.6
46.2
71.1

415.7
11.4
36.7
46.7
72.0

419.2
11.6
37.0
41.0
71.5

5
6
7

66.2
19.2

68.7
19.5

68.8
19.7

10.7

11.2

11.2

3.7

3.9

4.0

45.8
13.4

47.8
14.0

47.8
14.1

59.6
12.4

60.0
12.4

60.2
12.4

10
11

999.2 1,011.6 193.9 203.0 203.4
9.7
9.7
9.3
63.1
62.3
5.9
5.6
5.9
36.1
35.7
146.5 30.8 32.3 32.4
144.7
220.0 45.8 46.6 46.4
218.3
130.0 34.9 37.1 37.1
127.2
80.3 12.7 13.2 13.2
79.3
72.3 10.1 10.6 10.6
71.3
7.0
7.0
6.8
48.7
48.4

783.7
46.7
27.5
115.6
182.0
97.9
67.4
56.4
35.3

831.6
50.1
29.2
128.2
191.9
104.2
71.5
60.0
37.0

827.8
49.3
29.2
127.1
192.2
103.9
.71.7
59.6
36.9

664.1
43.3

17.0
83.8
115.4
99. 1
66.3
46.6
26.1

648.4
42.8
16.7
81.4
105.0
99.7
67.3
45.7
26.4

651.8
43.4
17.1
§1.8
14)1.6
101.1

67.4
45.9
26-7

20

260.3
97.8
67.5

50.8
23.1
13.8

53.3
24.4
14.2

53.1
24.3
14.2

172.4
63.4
53.1

184.4
67.9
55.5

184.2
68.0
55.4

222.0
88.9
29.2

231.6
95.5
29.6

231.9
95.5
29.4

23

174.7
18.4

180.0
19.0

178.6
18.5

202.0
24.1

203.0
22.9

206.6
23.6

25

102.1
14.0

103.9
15.0

103.5
14.8

83.0
26.8

82.5
29.1

84.3
29.7

26
27
28

902.3
39.4

931.7
39.7

928.4
40.0

700.7
30.6

695.8
29.5

707.2
29.7

3.4

3.4

3.4

14.7

15.0

15.0

17.8

17.9

17.9

4.0

4.1

4.1

109.8 114.1 113.9
3.6

3.6

3.6

29.2
21.0
12.4

29.9
21.3
13.3

30.0
21.2
13.3

15.4

16.4

16.5

4.2

4.4

4.5

233.0 238.8 239.1
14.6 15.3 15.2

984.0
60.7
34.4
141.2
214.0
124.3
77.5

5.4

5.5

5.4

7.4

7.6

7.6

34.1
48.8
26.1
13.2
21.5
10.3

36.4
50.1
27.4
14.2
22.1
10.5

36.6
50.3
27.6
14.3
22.0
10.5

61.8
22.0
20.6

64.0
22.5
21.5

64.1
22.7
21.6

251.3
SO. 6

67.2

257.8
96.8
66.8

58.8

60.7
5.5

60.6

253.2
26.2

263.4
26.0

265.5
25.8

65.4

68.2

67.9

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

34.9

35.5

35.5

141.0
19.1

42.8

3.2

138.8
19.0

43.0

3.3

139.7
18.5

41.5

3.3

5.3

5.5

5.5

972.1
49.3
12.5
333.1
24,8
43.3
17.1
34.8
51.8
417.1
155.9
213.5
28.1
19.5
26.9
10.6
31.3

983.1 229.5 237.2 237.6
8.3
8.6
8.6
50.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
12*6
336.7 105.2 107.1 107.8
4.5
4.5
4.4
25.1
43.6 12.2 11.9 11.9
3
.
6
3
.
8
3.8
17.4
5.4
5.2
5.5
35.3
9.4
9.4
9.5
52.2
421.6 120.5 122.9 123.9
157.0 68.6 69.9 69.9
215.3 43.9 44.6 44.3
6.0
6.1
5.7
28.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
19.8
5.2
5
.
3
5.2
27.1
2.»
1.9
2-0
10.8
4.1
3.9
4.2
31.7

5.4

269.2 271.2 269.9
13.9 14.2 14.3

6.5

5.7
6.4

13.8
99.2
56.4
58.3

13.7
98.6
56.0
58.7

6.6
4.8
6.9

998.6
50.3
11.6
339.4
23.3
45«1
16.9
34.4
53.7
425.8
158.9
212.5
27.3
20.3
28.2
10.8
31.9

8.1

7.6

7.5

84.4

83.5

83.0

5.4

5.1

5.2

15.9

16.1

16.2

5.4
6.6

13.5
100.0
56.5
58.1

69.9
46.6

5.7

8.4

1
2
3
4

8
9

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

21
22

24

29
30
31

8.8

8.7

7.3

369.7
19.8
34.9
15.0
20.9
40.8
434.4
209.8
198.1
22.4
16.4
17.7

371.0
19.8
35.3
15.4
21.7
42.1
437.7
210.5
198.1
23.7
16.7
18.4

373.3
19.7
35.1
15.3
21.7
42.1
439.9
210.9
198.0
23.7
16.8
18.4

233.2
14.8
56.0
14.9
15.4
33.4
296.1
143.3
119.0
16.8
11.5
18.5

7.9

7.9

7.1

6.8

6.9

40
41
42
43
44

19.4

19.6

19.7

18.7

18.8

19.1

5

7.5

232.7
13.7
55.0
16.3
14.9
39.2
295.5
144.3
119.0
17-3
11.8
19.5

7.5

236.2
14.5
55.0
16.3
15.3
39.3
29*9.2
145.J6
119.8
17.6
11.5
19.6

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

6.5
4.7
6.8
2.5
7.0

2.5
6.6

6.5
4.8
6.8
2.5
6.6

13.6
13,5

13.3
13.3

13.3
13.2

82.5
84.1

81.0
81.5

82.3
82.9

20.1
20.4

20.8
21.0

20.8
21.0

77.2
73.9

73.2
74.9

78.4
75.2

60.6
57.6

60.6
57.3

61.1
57.9

6
7

50.8

52.1

52.1

5.9

6.2

6.1

10.3

10.2

10.1

226.7
31.4
39.2
50.6

46.7

8.9

224.7
31.2
38.8
50.0

46.8

8.9

216.9
31.0
39.1
50.9

44.3

8.3
8,8

13.0

13.7

13.7
8.8

145.3
21.6
25.9
33.5

159.3
23.7
26.2
35.3

157.0
23.7
26.4
35.3

229.3
44.5
53.2
34.1

230.2
44.<$
54.6
34.7

233.6
44.6
54.6
34.6

0
1

13.5

13.8

13.7

63.4

65.0

64.3

11.0

11.8

11.8

48.5

49.3

48.4

57.1

57.7

57.8

1.9
5.1

1.9
4.9

1.8
4.9

8.3

8.5

8.4

1.3
2.9

1.4
3.2

1.4
3.1

6.1

5.9

5.5

5.9
6.8

5-9
6.7

83.3

82.5

83.5

72.8

74.7

74*5

311.2

6.7
7.7

6.8
7.9

6.9
7.9

4U9

9.5
7.9

9.9
8.2

9.8
8.2

25.9
19.2

26.5
19.5

26.3
19.5

94.6
80.2

18.7
22-2

19.2
22-5

19.1
22.5

312.7
33.5
42.3
68.1
65.2

9.2




15.2

15.5

15.4

380.1
30.6
42.4
96.1
81.8

369.3
29.8
41,5
93.4
79.7

370.9
29.7

8.7

8.8

7.6

12.2

11.7

11.7

5.6
6.7

266.7
26.4
30.5
68.2
67.0

277.0
26.2
30.7
70.8
67.1

274.3
26.4
30.7
70.4
66.8

310.0
31.5
42.1
68.3
64.0

33.1
42.0
67.1
64.6

8
9

2
3
54

1O7

5
6
7
8
9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)

Mining

Total
State and area

NOV.
1978

Amarillo
Austin

4

Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

NO?.
1979P

NO?.
1978

HO?.
1979P

OCT.

1979

El Paso
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

14 U T A H
15
Salt Lake City-Ogden

546.2
386.6

574.6
406.6

576.2
407.7

16.9
7.2

18.0

18.2

7.6

7.6

16 V E R M O N T
17
Burlington . 1 3
18
Springfield , 1 3

193.5
52.9
14.0

200.3
55,6
14.5

197.6
55.7
14.6

.8
-

.9
-

.8
-

19 V I R G I N I A 1 4 .
20
21

Bristol . . .
Lynch burg

22

Newport News-Hampton

23
24

Northern Virginia

25
26
27

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Pc tsmouth . .
1 5

.

Petersburg-Colonial Hgts.-Hopewell. . .
Richmond
Roanoke

28 WASHINGTON
29
30
31

Seattle-Everett
Spokane

....

Tacoma

32 WEST V I R G I N I A
Charleston

33
34

35
36

Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling .

.

37 WISCONSIN
38
Apple ton-Oshkosh
39
Eau Claire
40
Green Bay . . .
41
Kenosha
42
43
44
45

La Crosse .
Madison . .
Milwaukee .
Racine . . .

46 W Y O M I N G
47
Casper
48
Cheyenne

2 , 0 8 5 . 2 2,124.4 2,128.5
28.0
28.0
28.3
73.5
69.8
73.6
149.9
144.8
149.7
283.2
28 1.8
282.5
420.3
413.5
422.2
47.2
47.6
47.6
323.3
321.8
324.3
104.5
104.8
105,9
1,557.2 1,641.3
786.2
731.7
130.8
126.9
143.0
136.9

24.3
(D
d)

23.5
(D
(D

(1)

(1)

di

HI

.3

.4

(D

(D

,4
*2

OCT. NO?.
1979 1979P

50.3
13.8

49.6
13.8

5.9

6.1

6.2

420.7

419.9

139.8 137.3
1.6
4.0
8.5

1.5
3.8
8.2

.4

20.1
28.6

19.7
27.8

19.1
27.3

(V)

2.6

2.5

2.6

19.7

18.4

18.2

6.2

6.0

6.0

416.6
10.1
2S.3
32.9
29.3
15.8
11.9
54.5
21.4

I1

10.1

639.1
114.6
105.0
58.2
64.5

75,6

67.8

66.9

42.3

42.3

41.7

6.9
1.0
.5
7.2

6.9
1.0
.5
6,4

6.5
1.1
.5
5.6

7.3
6.8
4.3
4.6

7.4

1,933.8 2,007.3 2,002.4
131.1
130.9
125.6
45.9
45.9
45.1
78.8
78.4
76.8
45.5
46.0
44.5
43.6
43.6
4 2.3
169.5
170.8
161.0
689.0
690.9
669.7
72.4
72.2
70.0

2.8
(1)

3.0

2.8
(1)

91.3

95.2

7.1
1.8
3.9
1.5
1.8
7.9

7.4
1.8
4.0
1.4
2.2
8.5

6.9
1.7
3.8
1.4
2.1
8.3

25.6
2.6

26.4

25.8

2.4

2.3

23.3

27.1

25.8

4.3
2.1

6.4
3.1

6.4
2.9

(1)
(1)
(1)

(D
(D
<D
(D
(D
(D

(U

(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

di

(D

34.9
11.4
(1)

35.4
11.6
d)

8.2
(1)

Combined with construction.
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:

88.8
60.2

48.8
13.0

(D

30.2

87.8
59.5

-

(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)

221.2
48.8
28.8

9.5

10.0

8.2

221.2
48,4
29.0

9.6

-

112.5
53.8

195.9
39.1
26.2

S.I

10.6

-

7.2
9.0

(D
(D

9.7

28.5
42.0
13.8
306.7
31.5
12.0
219.8
12.8
48.0
17.5

10.6

103.7
44.7

639.9
114.5
104.6
57.9
65.2

9.7

28.2
42.2
13.9
305.2
30.8
12.0
219.1
12.8
47.5
17.3

37.6
26.3

(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)

639.7
111.0
104.7
57.7
67.4

6.8

27.0
41.5
13.8
292.3
31.6
12.1
212.1
13.3
46.8
16.1

39.7
27.5

(1)

3.2

d)
O)
(1)

(D

7.1
4.5
3.7

7.4
7.0
4.5
3.7

91.1

9.8

9.7

30.1
33.4
30.3
16.3
11.3
55.4
20.6

29.8
33.5
30.0
16.5
11.4
55.7
20.7

293.5
153.8
17.9
21.5

316.8
170.4
18.8
22.2

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

126.5
IS.6
29.3
16.2
13.$

124.6
19.1
28.7
17.6
13.3

123.8
19.1
28.5
17.7
13.4

571.5
48.4

583.3
50.4

57,9. 1
50.1

8.6

8.4

21.5
16.5
1G.6
18.8
215. J
ac.8

21.5
19.2
10.8
19.3
215.0
31.6

21.3
19.6
10.9
19.3
214.2
31.6

10. 1
1.7

11.6

10.9

1.9
2.0

1.9
2.1

8.9

1.5

awanna County.
13

Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lu-

zerne County.
13

Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately.

14

Revised to December 1978 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously

published data.
15

Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,

Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
*

Not available.

Philadelphia County.
11

Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lack-

108




NO?.
1979P

9 7 6 . 1 1,007.3 1,011.6

3.6
8.4

(D
d)

OCT.
1979

36.9
25.3

23*6 136.5
K5
(D

,4
.1

NX)?.
1978

83.4
56.2

(D
(1)
(1)

(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)

3.1
(1)
(1)

Combined with services.

10

NO?.
1978

5,369.6 5, 594.1 5,617.3 18)5.5 199.2 200.7 391.2 411.2 410.3
75.0
74.4
72.2
5.6
5.1
5.6
(1)
(1)
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
14.4 14.6
231.0
230.0
221.0
13.2
146. 7
145.1
145.3
15.4
14.7 14.8
ID
d)
(1)
5.3
5.0
5.3
12.4
112.8
112.4
11.5
11.9
1t3.8
7 7 . 1 76.1
1,313.6 1,387.0 1*391.6 20.2
70.2
21.5 21.6
(
1
)
(
1
)
(
1
)
8*9
8.3
7.7
152.7
157.5
155.3
* *
68.0
67.8
67.8
5.1
4.9
4.9
(D
(1)
(D 63.8
139.0
139.4
1,289.0 1,332.5 1,339.2 62.4
140.6
63.8
5
.
5
89.9
89.9
5.5
5
.
6
(1)
90.2
ii)
(D
1.9
1.9
1-9
375.3
367.2
23.7
25.2 25.0
376.1
3*4
68.7
66.8
3.3
3.3
69.3
ID
d)
2.6
2.4
2.5
2.5
50.7
49.6
2.8
2.8
50.7

1 TEXAS
2
3

OCT.
1979

Manufacturing

Construction

SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Wholesale and retail trade

public utilities

Government

Services

OCT. KOV.
1979 1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.

340.7 554.4 354.7 1 , 3 1 0 , 6 1,345.5 1,355.4 30K4 314.2 3 1 5 . 1
3.7
3.6
3.7
22.1
6.8
6.9
6.9
21.8
21.6
47.9
6.7
6.6
6.6
44.9
13.2 13.7 13.8
47.9
5.4
5.3
5.3
31-9
30.1
10.7 10.6 10.7
29.7
5.6
5-6
6.4
6.4
26.9
6.6
26.1
5,2
25.8
374-5 96.0 101.1 101.3
345.4
369.6
84.9 91.4 91.7
7.3
7.3
6.9
39.3
37.7
39.1
10.2 10.5 10.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
12.9
6.7
12.9
6.8
6.8
12.8
320.1
311.0
76.9 80.6 80.9
317.3
96.0 99.1 99.0
4.6
4.7
4.4
26.4
26.4
5.0
5.2
5.0
26.3
93.5 24.3 25.0 24.8
91-9
93.3
16.1 16.9 16-8
4.1
4.2
3.7
16-1
3,2
3.2
3.3
15.8
15.8
2.3
2.3
2.2
12.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
12.4
12.2

902.1
13.9
36.2
23.6
17.6
228.1
25.0
10.3
247-6
15.7
68.7
13.6
7.5

945.3
14.6
38.3
23.7
18.2
244.0
26.2
10.5
261-7
16.4
71.3
14.3

947.7
14.6
38.3
23.4

7.5

7.5

HOT.
1978

OCT. HO?.
1979 1979P

MOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

33.2
26.4

35.0
27.7

35.1
27.8

134.3
99.9

137.0
101.9

8.8
2.2
.8

9.1
2.2
.7

9.1
2.2
.7

40.5
11.6

42.1
12. 1

2.1

2.2

112.6 114.8 115.1

445.0

444.0

6.4

6.5

11.9
28.0
69.1
100.4

12.3
27.7
70.0
99.5

1.0
2.4
4.8

1.0
2.7
5.0

1.1
2.7
4.9

17.9
27.3

17.5
28.7

17.5
28.7

1.5

1.6

1.7

9.0

8.6

19.5
10.1

20.1
10.0

20-1
10.0

75.1
26.6

71.9
26.1

89.6
49.1

95.6
52.6

(*)

7.9
6.6

8.0
6.8

382.9
179.9
35.0
33-2

401.9
189.4
37-4
34.7

42.0

43.8

43.5

9.5
9.5
2-5

9.8
9.5
2.6

9.7
9.5
2.5

128.5
25.9
23.4
12.2

132.8
28.0
23.3
12.2

3. 8
91.3
4.3
2.6
5-4
2.2
2.5
5.8

33.9
2.3

(•)
(*)
(*>

3. 7
93.2

3. 7
93-2

4.5
2.7
5.6
1.7
2.4

4.5
2.7
5.5
1.8
2.4

6. 1
35.3

6. 1
35.6

2.3

2.3

15.3

17.2

17.5

2.7

3.0

3«7

3.8

3.0
3-9




15. D

448.8
26.6
11.9
19.5
8.3

11.5
36.1
153.3
13.0
44.9
11.1
6.9

ID.

2

474.4

27.6
12.7
21.1
8.6
12-0
37.7
158.6
13.4

50.5 !
13.7
8.1 i

NOV.
1979P

NOV.

1978

1979

NOV.
1979P

18.2
242.5
26.7
10.4
262.8
16.3
71.7
14.2

NOV.
1978

OCT.

NOV.

1979

1979P

962.0 1,017.0 1,021.8
12.1
12.4
12.4
79.8
81.3
80.9
18.3
19.0
18.8
25.9
25.9
25.7
176.5
177.2
177.1
32.4
34.0
33.7
16.5
16.3
16.3
143.6
152.2
151.9
19.6
19.4
19.1
93.8
94.4
94.2
11.0
10.8
10.6
11.2
11.2
11.2

10
11
12
13
14
15

139.5
104.2

25,1
20.4

26.3
21.5

26.3
21,5

92-9
63.2

104.3
71.4

103.3
70.6

123.5
87.9

126.7
89.5

127.3
89.7

41.9
12-3
2.3

7.3
-

7.7
-

7.7
-

40.7
10.4
2.5

42.9
11.7

41.5
11.4

36.7

37.0

2.6

2.6

36.0
-

98.8 105.0 104.3

378.3

375.5

500.3

3.4

4.8

4.9

10.8
28.3
50.2
104.1

10.9
27.7
49-9
10,4.7

489.2
4.8
9.9
40.4
80.9

498.3

3.4

10.1
42.0
80.9
117.5
15.8
74.1
16.6

10.2
42.4
81.0
117.2
15.8
74.3
16.7

1.3

1.3

1.3

25.1

26.0

26.1

5.8

5.9

6.0

362.2
3.3
9.6
25.5
50.2
100. 1
5.8
55.1
19.1

(•)
(•)

87.5
50.9

93.0
54.0

<*•
(*)

8.0
6.8

8.1
7.2

(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)

284.5
135.3
28.8
28.4

305.1
147.0
29.0
29.5

134.2
28.5
23.8
12.4

20.5

21.4

21.5

4.9
3.7

4.9
3.7
1.8

4.9
3.8

88.9
18.7

1.9

3.6

91.4
19.8
14.3
8-7

/.» D

o *%

1Z. o

1
1 0ZmQO

92.1

340.7
19.3

364.0
20.2

9.0

9.5

13.8

13.7

7.3
8.6

7.6
9.2

28.0
133.4!
10.6

30.0
142.2
11.1

25.3

29.4

5.2
3.7

5.7
3.6

452.5
6.7
12.7
28.1
70.6
101.4
8.7
73.0
26.2

ID.Z

4 79.9
28-0
12.8
21.1

.9
3.1
4.8

.9
3.5
5.0

1.0
3.5
4.9

14.3
25.2

14.6
26.0

14.4
26.0

1.9
2.4

O 11

1.4
2.7
.9
.9

5.2
1.4
2.8
1.0
1.0

39.3
161-5
13.4

11.8
35.8

13.0
36.9
2.3

92.3
5.2
1.4
2.8
1.0
1.0
13.2
37.0
2.3

52.2
14-1
8. 1

6.9
1.4
1.5

7.4
1.5
1.5

7.4
1.5
1.5

8.6

12.0

86.9
4.8

2.1

14.2

—

6.t

6.1

57,-0
19.2

56.5
19-1

115.8
15.5
72.4
16.5

(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)

312.4
118.0
22.1
31.4

313.2
119.0
21.3
32.5

115.5
18.4
16.8

115.8
18.7
17.0
10.1

91.1
19.16
14.3
8.7

9.6

-

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

16
17
18

(•)
(•>
(*)
(•)

116.2
16.7
17.2
10.1

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

361.8
20.1
9.5
13.7
7.6
9.1
29.9
142.3
11.0

300.4
15.1

302.0
15.9

9.6

9.2

10.0

10.2

302.1
16.1
-9.3
10.2

5.9
6.3

6.0
6.1

5.9
6.1

52.7
74.6
8.5|

54.9
74.5
9.2

54.8
74.6
9.3

29.0
5.7
3.5

39.9

43.1
4.31

43.0
4.6

6.9j

6.9

4.5
6.8

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1959 to date
Average
Year and
month

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Total private1

1959.
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979P
1978:
DEC...
1979:
JAM....
FEB
MAR....
APR
MAY
JON....
JUL
AOG
SEPT...
OCT....
NOV.P .
DEC.P .

$2.02 $103.68
105.04
2.09
106. 92
2. 14
110.70
2.22
114.40
2.28
117.74
2.36
123.52
2.46
130.24
2.56
135.89
2.68
142-71
2.85
154.80
3.04
164.40
3.23
172.14
3.45
189. 14
3.70
201.40
3.94
219.14
4.24
4.53 249.31
273.90
4.86
301.20
5.25
332.11
5.69
365.07
6.16

$ 7€.78
80.67
82.60
85.91
88.46
91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.(1
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.GO
203.70
219.91

39.0
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

213.35

36.1

5.91

21C. 14
212.40
214.91
211.65
216.20
219.71
221.76
222.84
225.90
225.62
225.70
229.04

35.2
35.4
35.7
35.1
35.5
35.9
36.0
36.0
35.8
35.7
35.6

5.97
6.00
6.02
6.03
6.09
6.12
6. 16
6. 19
6.31
6.32
6.34
6.38

1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 P.

,
,

,

1978:
DEC
1979:
JAN....
FEB
MAR....
APR
HAT
JON....
JD1.....
AOG....

SEPT...
OCT..-..
NOV.P DEC-P •
1

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$108.41
112.67
118.08
122.47
127.19
132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.32
341.33

37.0
36.7
36.9
37.0
37.3
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
36.9

$2.93
3.07
3.20
3.31
3.41
3.55
3.70
3.89
4. 11
4.41
4.79
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.65
9.25

$ 88.26
89.72
92.34
96.56
99.23
102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190-79
209.32
228.90
249.27
268.94

8.06

330.04

37.0

8.92

8.20
8.21
8.27
8.54
8.45
8.49
8.52
8.48
8.57
8.57
8.70
8.76

310.71
319.31
331.89
320.21
340.01
346.03
348.35
354.16
360.43
356.82
346.75
353.19

34.6
35.4
37.0
35.5
37.2
37.9
37.7
38.0
37.9
37.6
36.5

8.98
9.02
8.97
9.02
9.14
9.13
9.24
9.32
9.51
9.49
9.50
9.52

40.5
40.4
40.5
41.0
41.6
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42-6
43.0
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.3
43.0

$2.56
2.60
2.64
2.70
2.75
2.81
2.92
3.05
3. 19
3.35
3.60
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

349.80

43.4

347.68
349.75
354.78
363.80
361.66
367.62
355.28
365.49
372.80
374.51
381.06
384.56

42.4
42.6
42.9
42.6
42.8
43.3
41.7
43. 1
43.5
43.7
43.8
43.9

$64.41
66.01
67.41
69.91

72.01

1970

Weekly
earnings

38.8
38.6
38.3
38.2
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.1
35.7
35.3
35.1
34.9
34.6
34.2
33.9
33.7
33.3
32.9
32.6

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

40.0
39.5
40. 1
40.3
40.4
40.2

5 2.12
2.19
2.25
2.31
2.37
2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.42

268.27

41.4

6.48

6. 19

260.25
26 2-10
266.34
254.41
265.86
265.06
267.73
267.60
274.04
274.85
277.55
265-77

40.1
40.2
40.6
38.9
40. 1
40.4
39.9
40.0
40.3
40.3
40-4
41.0

6.49
6.52
6.56
6.54
6.63
6.66
6.71
6.69
6.80
6.82
6.87
6.97

6.22
6.25
6.28
6.34
6.36
6.39
6.45
6.42
6.51
6.54
6.59
6.69

Finance, insurance, and
real estate

$1.66 $ 72.74
1.71
75. 14
1.76
77.12
1.83
80.94
1.89
84.38
1.97
85.79
2.04
88.91
2.14
92.13
2.25
95.72
2.41 101.75
2.56 108.70
2-72 112.67
2.88 117.85
3.05 122.98
3.23 129.20
3.48 137.61
3.73 148.19
3.97 155.43
4.28 165.26
4.67 178.36
5.06 191.66

37.3
37.2
36.9
37.3
37.5
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.3

Services

$1.95
2.02
2.09
2.17
2.25
2.30 $ 7C.03
2.39
73.60
2.47
77.04
2.58
80.38
2.75
83-97
2.93
90.57
3.07
96.66
3.22 103.06
3.36 110.85
3.53 117.29
3.77 126.00
4.06 134.67
4.27 143.52
4.54 153.45
4.90 163.67
5.28 175.27

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.5
40. 1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

315.57

40.2

7.85

159.21

33.1

4.81

184.04

36.3

5.07

167.70

32.5

5.16

312.84
316.01
314.42
307.32
314.42
321.20
327.60
335.30
337.16
337. 16
339.60
343.71

39.6
39.9
39.8
39.0
39.6
40.0
40.0
40.3
39.9
39.9
40.0
40.2

7.90
7.92
7.90
7.88
7.94
8.03
, 8. 19
8.32
8.45
8.45
8.49
8.55

158.72
159-54
161.35
162.50
162.00
165.16
168.17
167.99
167-75
167.38
167.83
170.09

32.0
32.1
32.4
32.5
32.4
32.9
33.3
33.2
32.7
32.5
32.4
32.9

4.96
4.97
4.98
5.00
5.00
5.02
5.05
5.06
5.13
5.15
5.18
5.17

186.73
188.92
187.31
190.37
188.44
188.96
192.56
191.50
195.29
194.93
197.29
199.84

36.4
36.4
36.3
36.4
36.1
36.2
36.4
36-2
36.3
36.3
36.4
36.4

5.13
5.19
5.16
5.23
5.22
5.22
5.29
5.29
5.38
5.37
5.42
5.49

169.45
170.75
171.48
171.93
171.28
173.38
176.16
175.96
178.22
178.65
180.28
182.79

32.4
32.4
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.9
33.3
33.2
32.7
32.6
32.6
32.7

5.23
5.27
5.26
5.29
5.27
5.27
5.25
5.30
5.45
5.48
5,53
5.59

74.66
76.91
79.39

82.35
87.00
91.39
96.02

101.09
106.45

111.76
119.02
126.45
133.79

142.52
153.64
164.96

overtime

> 2. 19
2-26
2.32
2.39
2.45
2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.69

40.3
39.7
39.8
40.4
40.5
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
39.8
39.9
40.5

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
155.S3
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
25C.71
278.90
302.E0
325.98

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8. 17

Hourly
earnings excl.

Manufacturing

Wholesale and
retail trade

,
,
,

Hourly
earnings

Mining

Transportation and
public utilities

1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

Weekly
hours

36.1
35.9
35.5
35. 1
34.7
34.7
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

$ 1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4-65
4.99
5.36

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

2D»ta include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.
p = preliminary.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuttural payrolls
by industry
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code

NOV.
1978

TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

$210 .50 $213.35 $225.

Average hourly earnings

NOV.
1979 '

1979

$225.70 $229.04

352 .59

349.80

374,

381.06

384.56

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov. .
1979

Dec.
1979 *

$5.88

$5.91

$6.32

$6.34

$6.38

8.05

.8.06

8.57

8.70

8.76

9.67
9.8C

9.79
10.13
10.23

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

362 34
377 .52
371. 96

367.98
383.10
387.43

396.
413.
427.

402.37
434.58
429.66

8.71
9.01
8.92

8.72
8,93
9.01

11, 12
12

COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .

415. 53
416. 37

401.14
401.96

427.
428.

429.73
430.97

9.87
9.89

9.76
9.78

10.27
10.30

10.38
10.41

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

323.73

3'28.33

352.56

363.43

7.21

7.28

7.80

7.97

338.
317,

343,
322,

359.
350.

377.22
357.85

8.15
6.85

8.28
6.9^1

8.85
7.45

8.96
7.63

NONMETALL1C MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS ,

299
295

292.60
284.58

324
317

318.34
308.48

6.55
6.32

6.59
6.31

7.10
6.79

7.09
6.75

324.'19

330.04

356.82

346.75

8.89

8.92

9.49

9.50

293.
280.
247.
315.

295.56
276.68
253.34
324.12

320.
301,
282,
344.

312.92
294.14
284.79
336.60

8.23
7.87
7.17
8.81

8.21
7.75
7.28
8.88

8.80
8.38
7.74
9.37

8.79
8.38
7.76
9.35

321.98
300.70
333.68

331.23
312.30
339.44

369.51
369.80
369.56

352.32
348.94
353.19

8.32
7.77
8.60

8.26
7.58
8.55

8.84
8.62
8.97

8.83
8.49
9.01

341.64
361.34
306.40
402.53
314.74
296.52
272.39

349.67
369.39
315.58
411.77
314.68
305.87
270.03

370.11
392.45
324.55
428.22
344.46
318.29
290.50

360.98
380.18
313.41
416.25
335.95
314.86
286.09

9.49
9.61
8.83
10.51
9.23
8.57
8.33

9.58
9.67
8.94
10.64
9.31
8.52
8.36

10.14
10.22

10.14
10.22

10.01

14
142

Crushed and broken stone
353.19

CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS .
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofinq and sheet metai work

DURABLE GOODS .
NONDURABLE GOODS .

9.30
11.25

9.91
9.10

8.75

8*83

6.82

6.87

7.25

7.29

6.14

6.20

260.94

268.27

274.85

277.55

285.77

6.38

6.48

283.71

293.14

295.80

298.16

309.41

6.82

6.93

226.29

229.43

241.92

245.52

250.40

5.70

5.75

229.43
293.92
243.19
257.22
166.87
227.03
213.10
208.17
184.68
293.97
162.47
206.36
201.25
188.87

232.18
300.98
245.40
260.16
169.74
230.92
216.61
208.26
189.93
299.29
163.31
201.11
195.12
195.69

248.35
327.27
262.58
277.43
176.88
241.96
233.04
215.73
196.66
310.78
175.64
218.11
219.22
203.81

244.61
325.85
252.89
265.99
175.08
239.68
234.43
215.08
194.00
300.66
177.08
215.45
215.08
206.55

250.00

5.75
7.46
5.99
6.32
4.10
5.69
5.45
5.27
4.56
7.17
4.22
5.36
5.31
4.71

5.79
7.45
6.00
6.33
4. 13
5.73
5.47
5.34
4.61
7.16
4.22
5.45
5.42
4.82

6.24
8.37
6.42
6.75
4.40
6.11
5.87
5.56
4.88
7.75
4.61
5.68
5.65
5.07

6.24
8.42
6.37
6.70
4.41
6.13
5.95
5.66
4.85
7.67
4.66
5.73
5.69
5.10

6.25

189.12
176.73
167.58
187.98
173.64
191.89
211.64
211.58
228.80
210.14

194.89
182.74
172.98
197.11
178.02
195.56
220.25
217.34
231.49
212.67

204.36
190.42
179.44
198.78
199.41
211.85
223.04
207.97
256.64
225.23

204.62
191.30
180.18
201.24
198.86
208.35
223.11
212.42
254.63
226.98

209.62

4.80
4.52
4.20
4.87
4.51
5.09
5.20
5.25
5.72
5.28

4.86
4.58
4.25
4.94
4.60
5.16
5.32
5.34
5.73
5.33

5.20
4.87
4.52
5.19
5.10
5.46
5.59
5.43
6.4C
5.79

5.22
4.88
4.55
5.20
5.06
5.44
5.62
5.59
6.43
5.82

5.28

MANUFACTURING ..
24, 25,
3239
20-23,
26-31

9.38
11.21
9.87
9.12

9.52

6.97
7.42
6.26

DURABLE GOODS
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS

25
251
25,1
25 < 2
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Pub'ic building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
W6od kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

See footnotes at end of table.

112




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

HOV.
1978

TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING

35.8
43.8

Dec.
1978

36.1

Oct.
1979

35.7

Nov.
1979

p

35.6

35.9
43.9

43.4

'13.7

43.8

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

41.6
41.9
41.7

42.2
42.9
4 3.0

41.0
42.2
42.7

41.1
42.9
42.0

11,12
12

COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .

42.1
42.1

41.1
41.1

41.6
41.6

41.4
41.4

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

44.9

45.1

45.2

45.6

41.5
46.3

41.5
46.6

40.6
47.0

42.1
46.9

45.7
46.8

44.4
45.1

45.7
46.7

44.9
45.7

14
142

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone

36.5

37.0

37.6

36.5

36.0
35.7
34.8
36.5

36.4
36.0
36.5
36.8

35.6
35.1
36.7
36.0

16
161
162

Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS . .
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

35.7
35.7
34.5
35.8
38.7
38.7
38.8

40.1
41.2
39.7

41.8
42.9
41.2

39.9
41.1
39.2

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

36.0
37.6
34.7
38.3
34.1
34.6
32.7

36.5
38.2
35.3
38.7
33.8
35.9
32.3

36.5
38.4
34.6
38.2
34.9
34.9
33.2

35.6
37.2
33.7
37.0
33.9
34.6
32.4

CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154

24. 25.
32-39
20-23,
26-31

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS

Dec.
1979

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

1979

37.1

MANUFACTURING

40.9

41.4

4 0.3

40.4

41.0

3.8

3.9

3.4

3.4

3.4

DURABLE GOODS

41.6

42.3

40.8

40.9

41.7

4.1

4.3

3.5

3.5

3.5

NONDURABLE GOODS

39.7

39.9

39.4

39.6

40.0

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.3

39.9
39.4
40.6
40.7
40.7
39.9
39.1
39.5
40.5
41.0
38.5
38.5
37.9
40.1

40.1
40.4
40.9
41.1
41.1
40.3
39.6
39.0
41.2
41.8
38.7
36.9
36.0
40.6

3S.8
39.1
40.9
41.1
40.2
39.6
39.7
3 8.8
40.3
40.1
38.1
38.4
38.8
40.2

39.2
38.7
39.7
39.7
39.7
39.1
39.4
38.0
40.0
39.2
3 8.0
37.6
37.8
40.5

40.0

3.7
4.1
4.6
4.8
3.6
3.3
2.3
2.5
3.9
5.0
3.0
2.3
1.8
3.5

3.8
4.8
4.6
4.8
3.8
3.5
2.7
2.8
3.9
5.0
3.1
2.1
1.6
3.6

3.7
4.8
4.5
4.8
3.4
3.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.8
2.7
2.4
2.1
3.6

3.2
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.3
2.7
1.8
1.9
4.0
4.0
2.5
2.0
1.8
3.7

39.4
39.1
39.9
38.6
38.5
37.7
40.7
40.3
40.0
39.8

40.1
39.9
40.7
39.9
38.7
37.9
41.4
40.7
40.4
39.9

39.3
39.1
39.7
38.3
39.1
38.8
39.9
38.3
40. 1
38.9

39.2
39.2
39.6
38.7
39.3
38.3
39.7
38.0
39.6
39.0

39*7

2.7
2.6
3.4
1.9
1.6
2.1
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.6

3.0
2.9
3.6
2.5
1.6
2.4
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0

2.6
2.5
3.0
1.9
1.6
3.1
2.4
2.5
3.4
2.5

2.4
2.4
2.9
1.8
1.6
2.4
2.2
2.6
3.1
2.2

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Miltwork, plywood, and structural members .,
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

NOV.

1978

Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick

3271
3272
3273

Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

329
3291
3292
33
331
3312

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes

3317
332

Iron and steel foundries

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336

3361
34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465

3469
347
3471

3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511

3519
352
3523
353

Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing

Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric

Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . . . . . . . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery

Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery

See footnotes at end of table.

114




Oct.
1979

$275.33 $277.68 $291.
372.96 402.55 361.
273.51 280.17 290.
283.61 293.15 304.
260.18 262.68 273.
277.77 278.38 262.
404.32 380.75 412.
219.12 221.76 235.
213.20 216.91 225.
278.63 276.90 307,
260.89 254.75 284.
242.76 241.92 266.
305.83 304.80 340.
277.56 283.62 290,
261.65 268.69 271.
294.81 300.79 300.

STONE, CLAY. AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass

3229
323
324
325
326
327

Dec.
1978

,

NOT.

1979P

Average hourly earnings

Dec.
1979?

$294.40 $296.52
368.92
296.94
306.73
284.61
267.32
429.41
235.82
228.45
303.86
278.60
262.29
334.03
295.26
276.49
297.02

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov. p
1979

Dec. P
1979

$6.54
8.40
6.77
7.02
6.44
6.49
9.21
5.28
5.33
6.51
5.97
5.78
7.23
6.44
6.32
6.61

$6.58
8.62
6.85
7.C3
6.60
6.55
8.98
5.28
5.45
6.50
5.98
5.76
7.24
6.55
6l. 49
6.64

$7.00
8.71
7.26
7.55
6.89
6.49
9.76
5.7C
5.70
7.04
6.40
6.31
7.73
6.97
6.71
7.20

$7.06
9.02
7.35
7.63
7.01
6.52
10.08
5.71
5.74
7.05
6.39
6.26
7.75
7.03
6.81
7. 14

$7.06

8.52
9.82
10.15
7.87
7.53
7.66
8.14
7.16
8.87
9.36
7.54
6.95
9.17
7.15
6.36
6.63

8.56
9.81
10. 14
7.98
7.66
7.84
8.31
7.15
8.97
9.55
7.64
7.01
9.31
7.23
6.54
6.87

9.10
10.60
10.95
8.60
7.69
7.73
8.47
7.68
9.87
10.37
8.15
7.45
9.65
7.64
6.84
7.02

9.27
10.94
11.35
8.69
7.73
7.73
8.58
7.71
9.91
10.45
8.25
7.49
9.72
7.78
6.83
6.94

9.35

359.54
410.48
422.24
330.54
319.27
324.78
335.37
305.73
375.20
391.25
328.74
303.02
401.65
309.60
263.94
275.81

363.80
408.10
418.78
337.55
339.34
353.58
354.01
306.74
376.74
394.42
332.34
305.64
404.05
315.23
276.64
291.29

372.19
424.00
434.72
356.04
317.60
312.29
342.19
334.85
414.54
432.43
346.38
322.59
399.51
321.64
277.02
285.01

377.29
435.41
448.33
349.34
311.52
305.34
343.20
325.36
413.25
423.23
356.40
324.32
416.99
332.98
274.57
282.46

382.42

270.76
356.56
368.07
252.55
243.81
261.12
229.20
225.84
224.53
251.91
272.83
197.79
276.35
251.70
246.24
269.63
248.09
291.44
326.83
357.70
400.58
238.88
213.96
205.23
233.86
256.64
232.86
256.27
278.38
223.16

279.36
360.77
371.09
261.45
250.28
273.14
230.98
222.24
231.09
258.93
275.98
201.79
286.06
258.56
255.42
274.56
252.29
296.58
345.10
375.75
435.24
240.86
218.24
210.23
236.97
264.86
243.97
264.39
286.18
230.04

285.36
397.67
412.16
270.55
268.96
276.71
252.75
246.22
243.60
276.62
296.74
216.40
312.57
272.12
261.14
281.11
260. 15
303.31
318.30
346.98
372.27
255.64
230.61
221.35
250.20
284.82
254.08
271.17
291.99
236.23

286.30
408.04
422.31
267.46
268.21
269.49
249.64
242.80
238.60
281.67
302.73
221.45
324.00
269.00
265.61
282.63
259.76
3 05.16
313.22
336.96
364.72
256.88
230.68
221.45
250.47
291.46
264.77
275.88
301.46
237.46

297.20

6.54
8.37
8.62
6.19
6.02
6.40
5.73
5.59
5.67
6.22
6.59
5.02
6.79
6.34
6.05
6.17
5.81
6.52
7.69
8.28
9.23
5.77
5.27
5.08
5.69
6.40
6.C8
6. 19
6.55
5.51

6.62
8.39
8.65
6.30
6.06
6.55
5.76
5.57
5.72
6.30
6.65
5.07
6.86
6.40
6.14
6.24
5.64
6.62
7.79
8.35
9.30
5.79
5.31
5.14
5.71
6.46
6.13
6.28
6.64
5.57

6.96
9.10
9.41
6.73
6.56
6.97
6-21
6.02
6.C9
6.78
7.22
5.41
7.46
6.82
6.48
6.63
6.15
7.12
7.84
8.74
9.33
6.16
5.68
5.52
6.00
6.93
6.4C
6.63
7.07
5.79

7.00
9.19
9.49
6.72
6.59
6.91
6.21
6.01
6.01
6.87
7.33
5.55
7.57
6.81
6.51
6.65
6.17
7.13
7.85
8.64
9.40
6.25
5.71
5.55
6.05
7.04
6.57
6.68
7.11
5.82

7.11

297.93
351.90
317.75
363.80
312.07
321.85
319.18

311.74
368.90
325.44
383.23
341.20
355.28
335.07

309.92
362.80
327.13
373.33
313.40
321.86
325.89

315.51
364.00
336.98
372.37
338.19
351.10
327.47

328.19

7.01
8.28
7.62
8.50
7.63
7.85
7.51

7.15
8.50
7.88
8.69
7.88
8.13
7.65

7.45
9.07
8.24
9.31
7.57
7.70
7.91

7.53
9.01
8.30
9.24
8.11
8.32
7.91

7.65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Industry

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Dec.
1979 P

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

p

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

42. 1
44.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
42.8
43.9
41.5
40.0
42.8
43.7
42.0
42.3
43.1
41.4
44.6

42.2
46.7
40.9
41.7
39.8
42.5
42.4
42.0
39.8
42.6
, 42.6
42.0
42.1
43.3
41.4
45.3

41.7
41.5
40.0
40.3
39.7
40.5
42.3
41.3
39.5
43.7
44.4
42.2
44.1
41.7
40.4
41.7

41.7
40.9
40.4
40.2
40.6
41.0
42.6
41.3
39.8
43.1
43.6
41.9
43.1
42.0
40.6
41.6

42.0

4.9
6.4
4.1
4.5
3.5
5.2
4.1
4.2
3.0
6.2
7.1
5.6
6.0
4.6
3.9
4.7

4.7
6.7
4.1
4.4
3.6
5.1
4.0
4.4
2.7
5.8
6.0
5.0
5.8
4.5
3-3
4.7

4.6
3.8
4.0
4.4
3.4
2.7
4.0
4.2
2.8
6.4
6.7
5.2
6.9
4.3
3.6
3.5

4.4
3.8
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.1
4.1
4.2
2.8
5.8
6.1
4.7
6.0
4.3
3.6
3.2

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

42.2
41.8
41.6
42.0
42.4
42.4
41.2
42.7
42.3
41.8
43.6
43.6
43.8
43.3
41.5
41.6

42.5
41.6
41.3
42.3
44.3
45.1
42.6
42.9
42.0
41.3
43.5
43.6
43.4
43.6
42.3
42.4

4 0.9
40.0
35.7
41.4
41.3
40.4
40.4
43.6
42.0
41.7
42.5
43.3
41.4
42.1
40.5
4 0.6

40.7
39.8
39.5
40.2
40.3
39.5
40.0
42.2
41.7
4 0.5
43.2
43.3
42.9
42.8
40.2
40.7

40.9

4.3
3.5
3.4
4.2
5.3
5.6
5.1
4.5
3.7
3.9
5.7
5.4
7.5
5.3
3.8
4.2

4.4
3.5
3.3
4.5
5.6
5.9
6.0
4.8
3.5
3.5
5.8
6.0
7.2
5.3
4.4
4.9

3.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.8
3.2
3.7
5.0
3.9
4.0
5.2
5.9
6.0
4.5
3.2
• 3.3

3.5
2.9
2.7
2.7
3.3
2.9
3.9
4.2
3.9
3.9
5.5
5.6
6.4
5.0
3.0
3.3

34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

41.4

41.0
43.7
43.8
40.2
41.0
39.7
40.7
40.9
40.0
4 0.8
41.1
40.0
41.9
39.9
40.3
42.4
42.3
42.6
40.6
39.7
39.9
41.5
40.6
40.1
41.7
41.1
39.7
40.9
41.3
40.8

40.9
44.4
44.5
39.8
40.7
39.0
40.2
40.4
39.7
41.0
41.3
39.9
42.8
39.5
40.8
42.5
42.1
42.8
39.9
39.0
38.8
41.1
40.4
39.9
41.4
41.4
40.3
41.3
42.4
40.8

41.8

41.
40.
40.
41.
40.
38.3
41.4
42.5
40.5

42.2
43.0
42.9
41.5
41.3
41.7
40.1
39.9
40.4
41.1
41.5
39.8
41.7
40.4
41.6
44.0
43.2
44.8
44.3
45.0
46.8
41.6
41.1
40.9
41.5
41.0
39.8
42.1
43.1
41.3

4.0
4.2
4.0
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
3.4
2.7
3.3
4.0
2.8
3.2
3.3
2.4
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.2
6.0
6.3
3.7
3.9
3.7
4.5
2.8
1.4
3.6
4.1
3.3

4.1
4.0
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.1
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.3
4.0
2.5
3.6
3.2
2.7
6.0
6.0
5.9
4.9
6.5
5.3
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.8
3.1
1.9
4.1
4.7
3.6

3.5
5.0
5.0
2.9
3.3
2.5
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.8
2.9
3.5
3.3
2.9
4.7
5.0
4.4
3.6
4.1
3.1
3.7
3.8
3.3
4.8
3.0
2.0
3.3
3.7
3.2

3.4
5.1
5.0
2.7
3.0
2.4
3.0
2-8
3.1
3.4
3.6
2.9
3.8
3.1
3.2
4.6
4.9
4.4
3.1
3.3
1.8
3.9
3.7
3.2
4.8
2.9
2.1
3.3
4.1
3.0

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery

42.5
42.5
41.7
42.8
40.9
41.0
42.5

43.6
43.4
41.3
44.1
43.3
43.7
43.8

41.6
40.0
39.7
40.1
41.4
41.8
41.2

41.9
40.4
40.6
40.3
41.7
42.2
41.4

42.9

4.5
4.3
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.9

5.0
5.5
5.7
5.5
4.7
4.9
4.5

4.0
3.2
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.5

4.2
3.0
3.7
2.7
4.4
4.6
3.6

42.6
42.7
40.8
40.5
40.8
40.0
40.4

39.6
40.5
41.4
39.4
40.7

39.7
40.7
43.7
42.7
44.7
42.5
43.2
43.

Dec.
1979?

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earning*
1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Industry

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

p

Dec. P
1979

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

p

1979 P

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613

362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661

3662
367
3671-3
3674

3679
369
3691
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery

Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment

Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and T V receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Shipbuilding and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment

See footnotes at end of table.

116




$346.
314.
309.
263.
281.
324.
340.
334.
355.
281.
238.
279.
295.
224.
280.
293,
288.
298.
310.
258.
328.
289.
243.
242.
259.
265.
290,
337.
281.
242.98
249.08
238.46
258.62
251.12
255.22
236.74
233.25
243.05
269.35
207.46
226.95
251.40
209.90
227.86
167.32
213.25
215.39
284.28
283.91
285.10
204.82
270.07
229.50
191.63
292.63
306.71
323.99

$364.22 $342.
329.43 345.
324.10 316.
277.33 294.
298.32 297.
335.51 338.
352.20 357.
344.06 342.
370.51 362.
291.45 314.
249.90 248.
288.96 295.
304.29 310.
237.54 240.
294,50 304,
303.88 314.
301.89 309.
308.74 325.
312.06 328.
270.30 280.
343.99 367.
299.64 303.
248.09 254.
249.55 255.
273.84 273.
283.41 279.
305.67 305.
372.67 348.
292.15 297.
251.52
256.89
241.78
268.79
258.55
263.91
244.02
246.04
267.86
299.71
204.69
234.58
270.57
212.74
236.55
172.28
216.50
221.36
293.41
294.11
292.15
210.33
272.43
239.67
196.66
311.41
316.09
350.60

355.61 374.25
395.60 417.65
423.49 451.23
285.82 291.04
392.93 412.53
225.59 234.02
335.91 346.62
345.40 350.78
340.00 362.75
309.72 319.96
264.60 279.57
282.63 300.29
213.01 218.28
336.36 358.26

261. 14
263.74
249.69
274.73
266.64
265.98
261.76
263.31
296.21
313.34
212.00
241.59
276.12
230.20
241.41
182.28
232.02
240.56
311.95
328.72
299.39
218.90
286.47
250.72
202.66
301.99
311.66
333.72

$345.72
339.58
325.80
295.36
295.25
343.83
360.37
348.43
368.68
321.33
258.40
307.52
317.18
240.54
329.38
319.20
312.77
329.99
351.48
287.04
358.13
305.21
263.08
263.11
271.83
278.10
304.06
335.96
298.39
266.02 $274.48
266.18
252.13
278.26
273.47
270.25
275.93
264.71
294.17
312.26
215.87
245.40
273.97
239.93
253.43
182.44
238.12
245.16
318.59
335.16
306.27
225.74
299.33
258.96
209.72
298.74
305.72
326.00

358.07 354.96
375.97 362.86
406.23 390.65
293.92 296.03
367.02 355.02
244.67 250.27
360.40 369.37
367.20 377.07
378.32 380.03
325.71 341.88
300.58 308.10
317.09 325.51
244.11 247.59
390.83 399.31

379.18

$8.33
7.30
6.94
6.22
6.80
7.30
7.49
7.60
7.82
6.59
5.78
6.66
7.03
5.43
6.72
6.98
6.95
7.08
7.19
6.25
7.46
6.85
5.75
5.73
6.40
6.54
6.73
7.71
6.54

$8.49
7.47
7.00
6.39
6.97
7.39
7. 64
7.68
7.90
6.70
5.88
6.72
7.06
5. 55\
6.77
7.10
7.07
7. 18
7.36
6.36
7.73
6.92
5.81
5.79
6.52
6.70
6.90
7.98
6.67

$8.61
8.02
7.44
7.14
7.34
7.76
8.04
8.03
8.23
7.25
6.05
7,14
7.50
5.89
7.26
7.54
7.53
7.63
7.77
6.80
8.38
7.32
6.15
6.19
6.83
6.98
7.37
8.49
7.15

$8.60
7.99
7.63
7. 10
7.29
7.85
8.08
8.16
8.36
7.37
6.08
7.27
7.68
5.91
7.52
7.60
7.61
7.71
7.97
6.90
8.29
7.39
6.19
6.22
6.83
6.97
7.38
8.42
7.19

5.97
6.09
5.76
6.37

5.64
4.45
5. 44
5.58 I
6.85 I
7.01 j
6.74 |
5.02 I
6.31
5.53
4.72
7.12
7.32
7.98

6.09
6.22
5.84
6.54
6.23
6.39
5.88
6.06
6.47
7.31
5.13
5.68
6.22
5.24
5.70
4.51
5.58
5.72
6.92
7.07
6.81
5.13
6.41
5.72
4.82
7.31
7.42
8.23

6.48
6.48
6.15
6.75
6.60
6.60
6.61
6.55
7.26
7.68
5.34
5.98
6.59
5.67
6.19
4.65
5.98
6.20
7.59
7.94
7.32
5.5C
6.97
6.13
5. 17
7.42
7.62
8.24

6.52
6.54
6.21
6.82
6.67
6.64
6.73
6.52
7.21
7.71
5.33
6.00
6.57
5.74
6.32
4.69
6.09
6.27
7.64
7.98
7.38
5.56
7.11
6.21
5.23
7.34
7.53

8.27
8.91
9.39
7.04
8.81
5.89
7.83
8.07
8.00
7.12
6.75
7.21
5.42
8.43

8.41
9.04
9.56
7.C3
8.91
5.97
7.95
8. 12
8.32
7. 19
6.92
7.36
5.54
8.53

8.67
9.17
9.86
7.46
8.93
6.21
8.46
8.64
8.86
7.61
7.44
7.81
6.18
9.35

8.70
9.14
9.84
7.61
8.92
6.32
8.59
8.81
8.90
7.77
7.57
7.92
6.30
9.53

6 . 11

6.24
5.76
5.92
6.43
6.96
5.06
5.59
6.00
5.17

$6.63

8 . 15
8.88

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

NOV.
1978

3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

M A C H I N E R Y , EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

Dec,
1978

Oct.
1979

3S.8
43.1
42.6
41.2

41.6
43.1
44.6
42.3
41.4
44.4
45.5
44.0
45.5
42.7
41.3
42.0
42.1
41.3
41.8
42.0
41.5
42.1
43.2
41.3
44.0
42.2
42.3
42.4
40.5
40.6
43.1
43.8
43.0

42.9
44.1
46.3
43.4
42.8
45.4
46.1
44.8
46.9
43.5
42.5
43.0
43.1
42.8
43.5
42.8
42.7
43.0
42.4
42.5
44.5
43.3
42.7
43.1
42.0
42.3
44.3
46.7
43.8

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric Mghting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

40.7
40.9
41.4
40.6
41.1
40.9
41.1
39.4
37.8
38.7
41.0
40.6
41.9
40.6
40.4
37.6
39.2
38.6
41.5
40.5
42.3
40.8
42.8
41.5
40.6

40.3
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.4
40.3
39.6
40.2
40.8
40.8
39.7
40.4
41.9
40.6
39.0
39.2
38.8
38.8
41.1
41.4
40.9
39.8

41.9
40.6

41.3
41.3
41.4
41.1
41.5
41.3
41.5
40.6
41.4
41.0
39.9
41.3
43.5
40.6
41.5
38.2
38.8
38.7
42.4
41.6
42.9
41.0
42.5
41.9
40.8
42.6
42.6
42.6

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment

43.0
44.4
45.1
40.6
44.6
38.3
42.9
42.8
42.5
43.5
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.9

44.5
46.2
47.2
41.4
46.3
39.2
43.6
43.2
43.6
44.5
40.4
40.8
39.4
42.0

41. 1

4 0.5
43.6
44.5
42.6
44.0
43.4
41.0
41.4
41.4
40.9
42.0
41.7
41.1
42.7
42.3
41.2
43.8
41.5
41.4
41.3
40.1

40. 1
41.5
41.1
41.6

Average overtime hours

Nov.
1979 p

Dec.
1979 p

40.2
42.5
42.7
41.6
40.5
43.8
44.6
42.7
44.1
43.6
42.5
42.3
41.3
40.7
43.8
42.0
41.1
42.8
44.1
41.6
43.2
41.3
42.5
42.3
39.8
39.9
41.2
39.9
41.5

NOV.

1978

2.9
3.6
5.6
4.0
3.8
6.3
7.3
6.7
7.2
5.2
3.7
4.3
3.8
3.0
4.5
4.5
4.1
5.2
4.5
3.6
5.4
4.8
3.4
3.3
3.1
3.3
5.2
4.7
5.3

Dec.
1978

3.4
4.8
6.5
5.3
4.3
6.8
7.6
8.8
7.6
5.8
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.1
5.1

Oct.
1979

1979 P

4.6
6.1
4.3
4.3
7.1
5.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.9
5.5
4.6
5.7

2.3
3.6
5.0
3.4
3-2
5.8
6.8
6.3
6.0
5.5
3.8
3.8
3.3
3.1
4.2
4.3
3.6
5.2
4.7
4.2
5.9
3.6
2.9
3.0
2.5
2.7
4.4
3.2
4.6

2.2
3.2
5.3
3.7
3.2
6.1
6.9
6.2
6.2
6.0
4.7
4.2
3.5
3.1
4.9
4.3
3.7
5.3
5.9
4.0
4.8
3.5
3.4
3.4
2.3
2.4
4.3
3.3
4.5

5i2

41.4

40.5

40.8
40.7
40.6
40.8
41.0
40.7
41.0
40.6
40.8
40.5
40.5
40.9
41.7
41.8
40.1
38.9
39.1
39.1
41.7
42.0
41.5
40.6
42.1
41.7
40.1
40.7
40.6
40.0

3. 1
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.3
1.4
1.5
3.1
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.1
1.8
2.1
1.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.6
3.8
3.0
3.9
5.1
3.9

3.3
3.6
3.9
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.6
1.8
3.0
2.6
3.2
3.5
3.0
3.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.2
2.7
4.0
3.2
4.0
5.0
3.7

2.8
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.0
2. 1
2.7
2.7
1.5
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.4
2.3
2. 1
1.9
2.9
3.4
2.6
3.0
2. 1
3.9
2.8
2.7
3.6
2.2

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.0
2.7
1.6
3.5
3.1
2.7
3.9
2.4
2.5
2.1
1.9
3.2
3.8
2.7
3.2
2.6
4.3
3.0
2.5
2.8
1.8

41.3
41.0
41.2
39.4
41.1
39.4
42.6
42.5
42.7
42.8
40.4
40.6
39.5
41.8

40.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
39.8
39.6
43.0
42.8
42.7
44.0
40.7
41.1
39.3
41.9

42.7

5.7
7. 1
7.8
3.6
7.1
3.1
4.8
4.0
5.3
5.8
2.6
2.7
2.4
3.6

5.7
6.6
7.1
4.6
6.7
3.2
5.4
4.4
6.4
6.4
3.1
3.2
2.8
5.0

3.8
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.3
2.2
4.8
4.3
5.3
5.5
3.8
4.1
2.7
4.3

3.4
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.1
5.1
4.4
5.9
5.8
3.5
3.8
2.6
4.3

41. 1
40.9
39.2
40.7

4C. 9

1979

See footnotes at end of table.




117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

376
3761
379
3792

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls .
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

241.19
262.88
248.12
228.98
260.15
259.98
282.06
201.60
192.56
209.48
184.71
310.25
178.75

248.12
275.25
252.00
234.68
266.30
262.48
291.84
207.87
200.31
215.47
184.24
326.32
183.81

257.86
279.64
257.70
237.96
268.18
273.41
296.67
206.80
192.56
218.62
194.22
361.12
185.28

39
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
,
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

188.73
197.69
192.94
188.47
169.40
161.66
177.49
204.85
155.45
140.59
216.40
226.40

191.48
195.42
192.17
189.34
172.93
161.41
182.35
209.48
154.50
138.52
218.69
229.64

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061 -3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

238.80
245.60
311.22
274.11
146.49
249.04
226.86
262.03
194.04
255.09
187.21
179.45
287.32
341.29
226.80
242.97
241.64
247.85
227.03
272.41
193.83
277.50
289.35
408.92
205.67
198.88

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

22
221
222
223
224
225

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

Nov.
1979P

Dec. 1
1979

$345.93 $3 53.58 $351.44 $363.78
345.56 356.53 354.65 370.58
221.60 230.92 251.94 259.50
193.17 193.16 219.58

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Dec.
1979 P

$7.88
8.15
5.61
5.07

$7.91
8.14
5.73
5.11

$8.53
8.65
6.51
5.84

$8.60
8.74
6.62
5.95

263.91 $269.61
284.08
266.85
240.99
281.66
284.54
289.33
220.05
210.50
227.83
201.68
357.83
191.07

5.84
6.20
5.95
5.64
6.05
6.19
6.31
5.04
4.79
5.25
4.70
7.30
4.48

5.95
6.27
6.00
5.71
6.T5
6.22
6.40
5.12
4.85
5.36
4.70
7.66
4.63

6.32
6.69
6.27
5.89
6.34
6.62
6.82
5.33
4.95
5.62
4.98
8.34
4.80

6.39
6.70
6.43
5.98
6.52
6.84
6.76
5.42
5.06
5.71
5.08
8.38
4.95

$6.45

201,
206.
199.
212.
180.
173.
188.
218.
163.
150,
226.
233,

203.54
212.00
207.60
212.98
181.89
172.43
191.88
219.76
166.76
152.81
229.82
238.37

208.03

4.79
4.93
4.86
4.70
4.40
4.21
4.61
4.96
4.08
3.81
5.41
5.66

4.86
4.96
4.94
4.71
4.48
4.27
4.64
5.06
4.12
3.88
5.44
5.67

5.12
5.25
5.09
5.18
4.63
4.45
4.83
5.30
4.39
4.12
5.74
5.98

5.14
5.30
5.19
5.22
4.64
4.41
4.87
5.27
4.40
4.13
5.76
6.05

5.24

242.61
246.83
309.01
285.42
147.75
250.66
223.97
263.69
198.92
255.73
195.70
181.28
299.25
332.75
237.89
242.35
240.86
247.38
227.03
272.24
193.72
278.13
294.98
417.31
211.07
205.64

254.40
261.23
336.41
305.07
160.82
263.81
240.30
278.28
213,15
269.14
204.36
207.19
309.83
352.50
254.46
263.06
263.73
259.91
241.70
293.44
208.44
287.32
306.40
433.42
217.84
211.69

260.65
267.19
347.70
310.49
156.22
270.34
242.81
285.90
210.68
266.48
199.64
195.15
321.78
355.42
261.36
268.81
270.87
262.94
249.20
308.92
213.10
293.93
311.22
440.02
218.27
213.93

264.22

5.97
6.14
7.34
6.87
3.97
6.03
5.70
6.18
5.04
5.96
4.85
4.85
6.53
7.17
5. 19
6.23
6.26
6. 15
5.69
6.58
4.97
6.25
7.18
9.69
5-26
5.22

6.02
6. 14
7.34
7.03
3.94
6.04
5.67
6.19
5.14
6.06
5.07
4.86
6.65
7.11
5.31
6.23
6.24
6.20
5.69
6.56
4.98
6.25
7.23
9.66
5.33
5.30

6.36
6.45
7.86
7.57
4.21
6.45
6.13
6.61
5.41
6.23
5.24
5.34
7.09
7.50
5.77
6.78
6.85
6.58
6.15
7.41
5.40
6.59
7.66
10.52
5.60
5.63

6.50
6.63
8.03
7.61
4.28
6.53
6.21
6.68
5.43
6.27
5.24
5.26
7.28
7.53
5.94
6.84
6.91
6.64
6.23
7.48
5.45
6.65
7.80
10.68
5.64
5.72

6.54

232.97
288.79

239.78
297.14

249.48
308.27

272.69
328.84

276.59

6.02
7.56

6.18
7.58

6.43
8.07

7.01
8.18

7.02

180.67
194.84
198.34
187.01
167.27
156.62

182.78
198.05
198.13
189.77
167.67
157.80

197.06
211.68
213.09
197.11
176.36
173.05

200.23
218.44
215.97
200.79
180.85
175.56

203.91

4.45
4.65
4.70
4.55
4.13
4.10

4.48
4.66
4.74
4.54
4.14
4.12

4.83
5.04
5.11
4.94
4.42
4.46

4.86
5.08
5.13
4.97
4.51
4.49

4.89

NONDURABLE GOODS

See footnotes at end of table.

118




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Industry

NOV.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 p

376
3761
379
3792

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

4 3.9
42.4
39.5
38.1

44.7
43.8
4 0.3
37.8

41.2
41.0
38.7
37.6

42.3
42.4
39.2
37.8

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS .
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
,
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

41.3
42.4
41.7
40.6
43.p
42.0
44.7
40.0
40.2
39.9
39.3
42.5
39.9

41.7
43.9
42.0
41.1
43.3
42.2
45.6
40.6
41.3
40.2
39.2
42.6
39.7

40.8
41.8
41. 1
40.4
42.3
41.3
43.5
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.0
43.3
38.6

41.3
42.4
41.5
40.3
43.2
41.6
42.8
40.6
41.6
39.9
39.7
42.7
38.6

39
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles ,
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies . . . . . . . .
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39.4
40. 1
39.7
4 0.1
38.5
38.4
38.5
41.3
38. 1
36.9
40.0
40.0

39.4
39.4
38.9
40.2
38.6
37.8
39.3
41.4
37.5
35.7
40.2
40.5

39-3
39.4
39. 1
41.0
39.0
39.0
39.1
41,3
37.3
36.6
39.5
39. 1

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
|
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
,
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

40.0
40.0
42.4
39.9
36.9
41.3
39.8
42.4
38.5
42.8
38.6
37.0
44.0
47.6
43.7
39*0
38.6
40.3
39.9
41.4
39.0
44.4
40.3
42.2
39-1
38.1

40.3
40.2
42.1
40.6
37.5
41.5
39.5
42.6
38.7
42.2
38.6
37.3
45.0
46.8
44.8
38.9
38.6
39.9
39.9
41.5
38.9
44.5
4 0.8
43.2
39.6
38.8

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

38.7 |
38.2

22
221
222
223
224
225

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

40.6
41.9
42.2
41. 1
40.5
38.2

1979 P

Sov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Get.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

5.5
4.4
2.2
1.9

5.7
5.1
1.9
1.3

4.3
3.5
1.6
1.5

4.3
3.7
1.6
1.4

41.8

2.8
3.6
2.6
2.0
3.7
2.1
4.0
2.7
3.3
2.2
1.9
3.5
2.1

3.1
4.0
3.0
2.7
4.4
2.3
4.5
2.9
3.7
2.5
1.9
3.6
2.0

2.6
3.6
2.6
1.6
3.3
2.1
4.0
2.1
2.3
2. 1
1.7
3.3
1.3

2.9
3.9
3.0
1,9
3.5
3.0
3.5
2.7
3.2
2.6
2.1
3.2
1.2

39.6
40.0
40.0
4 0.8
39.2
39.1
39.4
41.7
37.9
37.0
39.9
39.4

39.7

2.6
3.8
4.0
2.1
1.9
2.0
1.7
3.1
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.7

2.5
3.1
3.2
1.9
2.0
1.6
2.3
3.0
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.8

2.7
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.4
3.0
2.2
1.8
3.1
2.7

2.8
3.4
3.8
2.2
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.0
3.0
2.8

40.0
40.5
42.8
40.3
38.2
40.9
39.2
42. 1
39.4
43.2
39.0
38.8
43.7
47.0
44.1
38.8
38.5
39.5
39.3
39.6
38.6
43.6
40.0
41.2
38.9
37.6

40.1
40.3
43.3
40.8
36.5
41.4
39.1
42.8
38.8
42.5
38.1
37.1
44.2
47.2
44.0
39.3
39.2
39.6
40.0
41.3
39.1
44.2
39.9
41.2
3 8.7
37.4

40.4

4.0
4.0
4.8
3.4
3.2
3.9
3.3
4.3
3.3
7.2
3.5
2.5
6.3
8.1
6-0
3.5
3.9
2.4
3.4
4.7
2.9
6.1
3.8
5.5
2.8
3.6

4.0
4.1
4.9
4.3
3.1
3.9
3.2
4.3
3.1
6.4
3.1
2.7
6.8
7.8
6.8
3.3
3.6
2.3
3.6
5.0
3.1
6.1
3.9
5.7
3.2
3.4 |

4.2
4.5
5.5
4-3
3.7
3.8
3.2
4.2
4-3
7.4
4.4
4.7
6.5
8.3
6.7
3.1
3.3
2.3
3.6
5-4
2.8
6.4
3.8
5.0
3.3
3.3

4.3
4.8
6.4
4.0
3.3
3.9
3.2
4.2
3.6
6.5
3.4
3,2
6.7
8.5
6.5
3.7
4.3
1.8
3.8
5.9
3.0
6.5
3.8
5-4
3.1
3.1

38.8
39.2

38.8
38.2

38.9
40.2

39.4

2.1
2.2

2.0
2.3 |

1.6
1.6

1.8
2.1

40.8
42.5
41.8
41.8
40.5
3 8.3

4 0.8
42.0
41.7
39.9
39.9
38.8

41.2
43.0
42.1
40.4
40.1
3 9.1

41.7

3.8
4.7
4.5
3.6
3.0
2.7

3.8
4.7
4.4
4.0
2.8
2.5

3.8
4.6
4.3
3.3
3.0
2.8

3.9
5.2
4.3
3.7
3.4
2.9

Dec.
1979 p

NONDURABLE GOODS

......

See footnote-; at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code

NOV.
1978

Dec.
197 8

Oct.
1979

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishing, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

145.04
180.18
131.77
131.38
132.38
131.02
135.94
130.15
135.05
140.61
137.42
132.13
128.52
146.23
131.41
130.30
143.58
186.05
134.82
161.20
314.99

146.06
184.02
132. 12
129.95
134.55
132.84
134.40
130.13
131.24
141.62
137.00
128.85
126.02
140.30
130.6Q
129.24
143.89
192.94
135.55
158.77
349.08

153.36
182.51
144.94
141.26
145.08
146.30
143.52
138.04
139.84
153.64
144.70
141.87
140.50
147.20
138.87
137.14
154.56
188.93
145.92
167.45
305.74

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

291.60
351.85
354.18
364.14
249.00
299.15
231.69
239.13
258.83
270.24
274.34
234.17

294.69
354.63
358.20
352.72
254.75
303.79
236.b8
242.68
263.41
279.59
276.92
237.42

312.68
387.94
388.72
383.66
264.68
311.18
238.60
254.20
270.40
278.88
286.02
257.30

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress . .
Commerical printing, lithographic .
Manifold business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

253.
247.
233,
230,
223,
238.
213,
269,
248,
278,
263.
200,
332.

256.61
246.38
238.23
235.39
221.69
248.65
221.77
271.26
251.16
282.82
276.92
206.00
336.11

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee .
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations

305.41
340.63
333.48
302.87
343.54
274.03
271.00
261.76

307.94
336.66
335.58
302.74
343.20
277.20
278.94
270.22

See footnotes at end of table.

120




$154.42 $156.82 $165.
140.82
141.66
159.
147.86
147.42
168.
144.02
145.92
150.
183.06
186.18
199.
196.05
201.12
215,
200.86
209.23
221.
203.77
210.58
226.
193.28
197.66
206.
168.87
169 .'29
187.
169.30
170.96
191.
163.21
162.41
174.
200.64
205.92
218.

Nov.
1979P

Average hourly earnings

Dec.
1979 P

$172.30
160.70
171.16
151.20
203.53
219.11
229.29
226.53
208.32
190.07
193.66
174.49
216.89

NOV.
1S78

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979

Dec.
1979 P

$3.88
3.89
4.04
3.79
4.52
4.77
4.64
4.97
4.58
4.18
4.17
4.06
4.87

$3.96
3.86
4.05
3.84
4.53
4.80
4.90
4.99
4.64
4.18
4.18
4.04
4.95

$4.30
4.20
4.40
4.17
4.90
5.15
5.28
5.34
4.90
4.56
4.57
4.40
, 5.28

$4.34
4.24
4.40
4.20
4.94
5.18
5.32
5.33
4.96
4.58
4.60
4.44
5.29

153.79 $157.68
187.80
147.97
144.65
144.79
150.54
141.70
137.30
135.08
157.41
145.53
145.78
144.74
150.52
143.81
138.57
158.36
183.36
147.84
171.17
280.05

4.04
4.95
3.65
3.57
3.75
3.57
4.01
3.74
4. 13
4.30
3.86
3.64
3.57
3.91
3.62
3.56
3.87
4.71
3.52
4.03
7.59

4.08
4.96
3.67
3.57
3.79
3.60
4.00
3.75
4. 14
4.24
3.87
3.65
3.58
3.93
3.64
3.58
3.91
4.66
3.53
4.04
7.88

4.32
5.29
3.96
3.87
4.11
3.81
4.31
4.06
4.37
4.67
4.17
3.93
3.86
4.23
3.89
3.82
4.20
4.92
3.82
4.25
7.76

4.32
5.29
4.01
3.92
4.09
3.89
4.32
4.05
4.40
4.77
4.17
3.94
3.87
4.24
3.94
3.86
4.28
4.80
3.86
4.29
7.61

$4.38

317.89
391.43
393.93
394.69
269.04
309.10
246.02
260.62
275.94
280.73
289.33
266.91

324.08

6.75
7.75
7.75
8.11
6.00
6.83
5.61
5.68
6.09
6.27
6.38
5.67

6.79
7.76
7.77
8.09
6.08
6.92
5 . €4
5.71
6. 14 I
6.34
6.44
5.68

7.34
8.64
8.60
8.68
6.44
7.22
5.95
6.14
6.50
6.64
6.81
6.20

7.41
8.66
8.62
8.81
6.53
7.29
6.03
6.22
6.57
6.70
6.84
6.31

7.45

264.75
252.93
242.43
244.48
233.75
256.11
219.35
283.36
260.44
295.62
281.40
209.37
344.89

269.09
260.09
253.05
245.07
235.90
255.06
225.82
284.90
264.03
292.97
288.39
212.31
352.94

273.51

6.66
7.06
6.03
5.92
5.70
6. 14
5.89
6.88
6.44
7.08
6.29
5.06
8.61

6.70
7.08
6. 14
5.87
5.57 |
6. 17
6.01
6.92
6.49
7.16
6.44
5.15
8.73

7.06
7.31
6.57
6.4C
6.25
6.55
6.11
7.36
6.69
7.58
6.83
5.41
9.10

7. 10
7.41
6.73
6.30
6.C8
6«54
5.99
7.40
6.93
7.59
6.85
5.43
9.12

7.16

326.09
360.40
360.39
319.49
359.54
297.88
295.92
281.88

330.91
366.36
364.59
322.63
362.08
301.71
299.63
284.90

335.81

7.22
7.94
7.94
7.06
7.79
6.54
6.53
6.40

7.28
7.94
7.99
7.09
7.80
6.60
6.61
6.48

7.82
8.52
8.54
7.68
8.44
7.23
7.20
6.96

7.86
8.60
8.66
7.70
8.44
7.27
7.22
7.00

7.92

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsypervtsory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

NOV.
1978

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Dec,
1978

Oct.
1979

1979 P

3S. 8
36.2
36.6
38.0
40.5
41.1
41.5
41.0
42.2
40.4
40.6
40.2
41.2

39.6
36.7
36.4
38.0
41.1
41.9
42.7
42.2
42.6
40.5
40.9
40.2
41.6

38.6
38.0
38.3
36.2
40.8
41.9
41.9
42.4
42.1
41.1
41.8
39.7
41.3

39.7
37.9
38.9
36.0
41.2
42.3
43.1
42.5
42.0
41.5
42.1
39.3
41.0

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

35.9
36.4
36.1
36.8
35.3
36.7
33.9
34.8
32.7
32.7
35.6
36.3
36.0
37.4
36.3
36.6
37.1
39.5
38.3
40.0

35.8
37.1
36.0
36.4
35.5
36.9
33.6
34.7
31.7
33.4
35.4
35.3
35.2
35.7
35.9
36.1
36.8
39.7
38.4
39.3
44.3

35.5
34.5
36.6
36.5
35.3
38.4
33.3
34.0
32.0
32.9
34.7
36.1
36.4
34.8
35.7
35.9
36.8
38.4
38.2
39.4
39.4

35.6
35.5
36.9
36.9
35.4
38.7
32.8
33.9
30.7
33.0
34.9
37.0
37.4
35.5
36.5
35.9
37.0
38.2
38.3
39.9
36.8

26
261, 2, 6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, exceot building paper
Paperboard m5s(s
Misc. can verted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes ,
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

43.2
45.4
45.7
44.9
41.5
43.8
41.3
42.1
42.5
43.1
43.0
4^. 3

43.4
45.7
46.1
43.6
41.9
43.9
42.0
42.5
42.9
44.1
43.0
41.8

42.6
44.9
45.2
44.2
41.1
43. 1
40.1
41.4
41.6
42.0
42.0
41.5

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
.
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commerical printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manif oid business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade service

38. 1
35.1
38.7
39.0
39-2
38.8
36.2
39.1
38.6
39*4
41.9
39.6
38.6

38.3
34.8
38.8
40.1
39.8
40.3
36.9
39.2
38.7
39.5
43.0
40.0
38.5

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
.
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations

42,3
42.9
42.0
42.9
44. 1
41.9
41.5
40.9

42.3
42.4
42.0
42.7
44.0
42.0
42.2
41.7

.
....

Dec.
1979

p

NOV.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

3.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.8
4.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.7

3.4
1.7
1.7
2.0
4.1
4.8
5.4
5.2
5.2
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.9

3.4
2.2
2.5
1.3
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.7
4.4
4.0
4.4
3.4
3.9

4.0
2.0
2.5
-.2
.5
.3
.7
.6
.2
.0
.4
2.9
3.4

36.0

1.4
.9
1.0
1.1
.7
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
.7
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.8
2.8
2.2
2.7
4.6

,1.1
.9
.9
1.0
.7
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.6
1.3
.8
.9
•6
1.1
1.2
1.4
2.2
1.7
2.2
3.7

1.2
.5
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
.9
.6
•9
.8
1.C
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.7
1.8

1.2
.6
.3
.3
.0
.5
.0
.7
.0
.8
.1
.5
.5
.3
.2
.1
.7
.6
.3
2.8
.6

42.9
45.2
45.7
44.8
41.2
42.4
40.8
41.9
42,0
41.9
42.3
42.3

43.5

5.3
6.9
7.1
7.5
4.1
5.7
3.6
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.8
3.3

5.2
7.0
7.2
7.1
3.9
5.4
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.7
3.2

5.0
6.9
7.0
7.3
3.5
4.4
3.1
3.5
4.0
3.8
4.6
3.4

5.0
7.1
7.2
7.7
3.5
4.5
3.1
3.6
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.4

37.5
34.6
36.9
38.2
37.4
39.1
35.9
38.5
37.8
39.0
41.2
38.7
37.9

37.9
35.1
37.6
38.9
38.8
39.0
37.7
38.5
38.1
38.6
42.1
39.1
38.7

38.2

3.2
2.6
3.1
3.6
2.1
5.1
2.4
3.7
2.9
4.0
4.0
2.5
3.5

3.3
2.5
3.1
3.8
2.4
5.3
2.4
3.7
3.1
4.1
5.0
2.5
3.5

3.0
2.2
2.1
2.8
1.7
4.0
1.8
3.5
2.8
3.8
3.6
2.5
3.7

3.0
2.6
2.1
3.0
2.1
4.1
2.3
3.3
2.8
3.4
4.0
2.2
3.7

41.7
42.3
42.2
41.6
42.6
41.2
41. 1
40.5

42.1
42.6
42.1
41.9
42.9
41.5
41.5
40.7

42.4

3.6
4.1
3.2
3.5
5.0
2.2
3,0
2.9

3.5
3.6
3.2
3.3
4.6
2.2
3.2
3.2

3.6
3.9
3.7
3.4
4.4
2.5
2.9
2.8

3,6
4.0
3.7
3.4
4.4
2.5
2.8
2.7

Dec.
1979

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricufairal payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weakly earnings
1972
SIC
Code

284
2641
2344
2842,3
285

2861. £
287

Average hourly earnings

Industry

No*.
1978

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Dec.
197 8

$276.89 $288,
378.01 391.
219.22 228.
247.04 255,
268.69 271.
366.75 368.
329.30 349.

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Dec.
1979 P

$293.63 $303.64
403.09 420.01
231.67 237.18
263.34 270.55
276.86 277.67
397.38 401.99
364.19 374.52

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

$6.82
8.73
5.65
6.13
6.49
8.47
7.73

$7.02
9.00
5.76
6.33
6.52
8.56
8. 10

$7.25
9.44
5.88
6.65
6.87
9.22
8.63

$7.37
9.70
5.90
6.73
6.89
9.22
8.59
9.45
7.65
7.35

381.06
299.75
284.01

374.95
301.31
288.74

409.70
325.18
303.78

412.02
331.25
307.23

8.74
7.C2
6.73

8.74
7.04
6.81

9.44
7.58
7.32

390.71
417.25
318.30

388.49
411.35
323.62

418.51
447.48
338.23

428.67 $422.04
459.07
340.18

8.78
9.44
6.86

8.89
9.50
7.02

9.49

9.59

10.17
7.45

10.27

5.71
8.26
3.88

5.77
8.28
3.S7

6.12
9.10
4. 20

6.13
9.01
4.28

5.87
5.40
5.20

5.94
5.47
5.25

6.33
5.81
5.61

6.39
5.84
5.64

Dec.
1979 P

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . .
Ttres and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

236.39
370.05
150.54

242.34
375.91
156.82

247.86
377.65
162.12

246.43
361.30
166.49

245.95
221.94
212.16

250.67
228.10
216.83

261.43
233.56
226.08

260.07
234.77
226.73

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

147.26
205.15
139.78
147.73
133.46
162.11
144.02

148.77
206.06
142.05
151.60
135.36
160.45
141.75

157.32
223.10
149.64
163.61
136.86
175.80
152.22

159.71
226.58
153.24
165.24
142.61
172.37
150.26

162.87

3.98
5-22
3.84
3.95
3.77
4.30
3.79

4.01
5.27
3.86
4.00
3.76
4.36
3.79

4.31
5.75
4.18
4.41
3.99
4.59
4,07

4.34
5.78
4.21
4.43
4.04
4.56
4.05

4.39

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

310.42

315.57

337.16

339^60

343.71

7.78

7.85

8.45

8.49

8.55

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads 2

354.53

359.75

406.73

8.15

8.27

9.14

(*)

411
413

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

194.36
287.02
312.58

191.08
284.97
287.45

206.40
282.49
332.10

206.57
279.35
349.91

5.65
6.85
8.14

5.62
6.90
8. 12

6.00
6.89
9.00

6.04
6.83
9.16

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing ,

319.20
325.61
225.50

332.88
340.31
224.47

345.79
352.93
236.56

344.05
351.05
246.23

7.96
8.12
5.68

8.06
8.22
5.64

8.71
8.89
6.05

8.71
8.91
6.11

PIPELINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS

374.69

376.74

416.11

422.61

8.90

9.10

9.61

9.76

48
481
4817
4818
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4
Radio and television broadcasting

300.53
310.80
226.24
424.70
258.40

302.51
313.58
223.07
430.80
257.80

328.40
343.40
233.77
474.72
266.11

327.18
342.19
247.04
466.14
267.08

7.57
7.77
6.52
9.48
6.80

7.62
7.82
6.41
9.51
6.82

8.21
8.50
7.02
10.32
6.93

8.20
8.47
7.14
10.20
7.01

49
491
492
493
495

ELECTRIC. GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
,
Sanitaiy services

329.80
334.22
299.80
370.90
267.10

331.80
339.89
299.88
367.04
268.81

353.20
357.81
324.99
394.80
288.74

354.03
360.73
324.16
393.86

7.89
7.92
7.33
8.81
6.39

7.90
7.96
7.35
8.76
6.37

8.47
8.56
7.85
9.40
6.81

8.49
8.63
7.83
9.40
6.73

156.00

159.21

167.38

170.09

4.80

4.81

5.15

5.18

5.17

235.52

240.07

253.24

260.29

6.07

6.14

6.51

6.57

6.64

238.55
219.04
210.10
243.36
231.10

244.16
229.68
214.10
246.76
241.16

256.24
231.94
226.13
261.36
250.61

6.07
5.66
5.50
6.13
6.13

6.15
5.80
5.59
6.20
6.38

6.52
6.04
6.03
6.60
6.81

6.57
6.09
6.04
6.67
6.77

306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

4011
41

Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

SO, 51
50
501
502
503
504

WHOLESALE TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods

Sea footnotes at end of table.

122




252.32

(*)

283.33
167.83
256.23
258.86
234.47
228.31
261.46
250.49

$9.57

7.46

6.23

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

NOV.
1978

Dec,
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 p

Dec.
1979 p

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

287
289

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
.

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

44.5
44.2
46.4

43.7
43.3
46.1

44.1
44.0
45.4

44.7
44.7
45.6

44. 1

4.5
3.8
7.2

7.4

4.4
3.7
7.6

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER A N D MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

41.4
44.8
38.8

42.0
45.4
39.5

40.5
41.5
38.6

40.2
40.1
38.9

40.5

3.9
5.7
2.0

4.0
6.4
2.4

3.3
4.0
2.1

3.1
2.9
2.3

41.9
41.1
40.8

42.2
41.7
41.3

41.3
40. 2
40.3

40.7
40,2
40.2

4.8
3.5
3.5

4.6
3.7
3.5

3.9
2.7
3.4

3.5
2.7
3.2

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

37.0
39.3
36.4
37.4
35.4
37.7
38.0

37.1
39.1

36.5
38.8
35.8
37.1
34.3
38.3
37.4

36.8
39.2
36.4
37.3
35.3
37.8
37.1

37.1

36.8
37.9
36.0
36.8
37.4

1.6
2.8
1.2
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.5

1.5
2.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.2
1.6

1.6
2.4
1.4
1.8
1.1
2.0
2.0

1.7
2.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
3.1
1.8

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES . . .

39.9

40.2

39.9

40.0

40.2

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads 2

43.5

43.5

44.5

(*)

411
413

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

34.4
41.9
38.4

34.0
41.3
35.4

34.4
41.0
36.9

34.2
40.9
38.2

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

40.1
40. 1
39.7

41.3
41.4

39.8

3S.7
39.7
39.1

39.5
39.4
40.3

46

PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS

42. 1

41.4

43.3

43.3

48
481
4817
4818
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees '
Line construction employees 4
Radio and television broadcasting

39.7
40.0
34.7
44.8
38.0

39.7
40.1
34.8
45.3
37.8

40.0
40.4
33.3
46.0
38.4

39.9
40.4
34.6
45.7
38.1

49

ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

41.8
42.2
40.9
42. 1
41.8

42.0
42.7
40.8
41.9
42.2

41.7
41.8
41.4
42.0
42.4

41.7
41.8
41.4
41.9
42.1

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

32.5

33.1

32.5

32.4

32.9

WHOLESALE TRADE

38.8

39.1

38.9

39.0

39.2

39.3
38.7
38.2
39.7
37.7

39.7
39.6
38.3
39.8
37.8

39.3
38.4
37.5
39.6
36.8

39.4
38.5
37.8
39.2
37.0

284
2841
2844
2842,3
285

306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

4011
41

491

492
493
495

50,51
50
501
502
503
504

Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods

40.6
43.3
38.8
40.3
41.4
43.3
42.6

41.1
43.5
39.7
40.4
41.7
43.0
43.2

40.5
42.7
39.4
39.6
40.3
43. 1
42.2

41.2
43.3
40.2
40.2
40.3
43.6
43.6

3.1
5.0
1.8
2.9
3.0
3.9
4.0

3.3
5.6
1.8
2.8
3.0
3.8
4.5

3.0
4.5
2.2
2.6
2.4
4.4
4.5

3.1
4.7
2.1
2.6
2.2
4.5
4.9

43.6
42.7
42.2

42.9
42.8
42.4

43.4
42.9
41.5

43.6
43.3
41.8

3.8
4.8
3.7

3.6
4.5
3.9

4.4
4.7
3.8

4.3
4.8
4.0

4*5

4.7
4.1
7.5

Dec.
1979 P

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings

Averags wwkly earnings
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

NOV.

1978

505
506
507
508
509

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating e q u i p m e n t . . . .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS . .
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

52-59
52

RETAIL TRADE

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

Dec.
1979 P

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

$275.42 $279.10 $300.40 $305.16
238.78 247.10 261.30 267.02
220.99 225.43 241.92 243. S5
253.20 256.88 268.80 269.72
205.15 209.88 218.51 220.64

$6.92
6.17
5.77
6.33
5.22

$6.96
6.24
5.81
6.39
5.30

$7.51
6.70
6.30
6.72
5.56

$7.61
6.76
6.32
6.76
5.60

231.65
264.99
239.23,
207.92
235.01
269.00
287.10
273.35
190.62

234.78
269.38
244.68
209.81
236.01
276.71
290.60
282.36
194.18

248.57
282.41
251,17
223.25
250.75
305.69
314.41
271.58
204.14

252.67
284.34
256.06
223.94
259.35
308.47
319.20
281.15
204.06

6.08
7.30
6.23
5.65
6.12
6.81
7.25
7.27
4.99

6. 13
7.34
6.29
5.64
6.13
6*97
7.32
7.45
5.07

6.49
7.78
6.68
6.05
6.53
7.70
7.88
7.36
5.33

6.58
7.79
6.81
6.02
6.65
7.77
8.00
7.64
5.37

131.89

134.90

139.54

140.45 $141.83

4.31

4.31

4.59

4.62

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

181.61
202.29
137.97

181.13
201.17
141.64

191.86
214.24
146.29

190.32
213.15
146.96

4.83
5.07
4.07

4. 83
5.08
4.07

5.13
5.41
4.38

5.13
5.41
4.40

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

117.91
122.54
97.92
93.15

124.12
128.44
106.22
97.24

130.69
136.29
106.86
104.66

129.80
134.90
106.03
104.02

4.C8
4.24
3.40
3. 19

4.03
4. 17
3.46
3.22

4.43
4.62
3.61
3.56

4.43
4.62
3.57
3.55

54
541
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

171.81
179.44
116.58

172.58
180.32
120.07

180.34
187.11
131.28

184.28
191.75
130.09

5.42
5.59
4.02

5.41
5.60
4.07

5.78
5.94
4.45

5.85
6.03
4.44

55
551, 2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

188.50
232.32
183.60
130.18

190.26
233.31
187.92
131.60

202.83
242.26
196.83
144.20

204.12
244.05
198.53
146.C8

5.04
6.05
4.50
3.73

5.06
6.06
4.55
3.76

5.38
6.26
4.86
4.12

5.40
6.29
4.89
4.15

56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

110.78
139.43
95.90
107.53
121.64

117.89
151.26
102.90
115.94
123.26

118.53
148.04
104.39
111.79
128.58

117.14
147.89
103.25
111.39
122.69

3.82
4.33
3.50
3.67
4.18

3.84
4.41
3.50
3.74
4.15

4.13
4.67
3.81
3.95
4.48

4.11
4.71
3.81
3.95
4.32

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

174.74
180.93
187.82
151.11

183.32
189.33
192.92
163.08

184.63
189.56
192.42
168.26

185.50
190.45
196.38
168.07

4.95
5. 14
5.09
4.38

5.05
5.23
5.20
4.53

5.26
5.37
5.39
4.92

5.27
5.38
5.44
4.90

87.45

88.31

90.57

90.74

3.30

3.32

3.47

3.49

133.24
120.04
118.04
164.02
222.22
131.36

139.26
122.54
128.44
169.82
231.66
139.26

146.56
132. 18
130.90
180.90
235.80
152.21

146.24
132.91
128.40
182.66
240.30
152.09

4.19
3.91
3.87
4.81
5.64
4.17

4.22
3.89
3.94
4.88
5.72
4.22

4.58
4.25
4.32
5.4C
6.00
4.53

4.57
4.26
4.28
5.31
6.13
4.54

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE 6

182.59

184.04

194.93

197.29

5.03

5.07

5.37

5.42

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks

156.09
153.19

157.54
154.64

166.42
163.53

167.87
164.98

4.30
4.22

4.34
"4.26

4.61
4.53

4.65
4.57

164.70
153.87
163.17

165.35
155.30
163.76

176.70
170.85
169.74

176.86
169.46
170.66

4.50
4.31
4.41

4.53
4.35
4.45

4.75
4.63
4.60

4.78
4.63
4.65

199.76
197.42
195.56
201.47

202.17
200.56
197.49
203.68

213. 18
211.31
209.63
212.91

216.92
216.97
212.43
216.97

5.37
5.35
5.16
5.46

5.42
5.45
5. 17
5.49

5.7C
5.62
5.62
5.77

5.80
5.74
5.68
5.88

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES5
59
591
594
596

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

63
631
632
633

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

See footnotes at end of table.

124




....

199.84

Dec.
1979 P

$4.59

5.49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Averagt weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Industry

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 i

505
506
507
508
509

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

39.8
38.7
38.3
40.0
39.3

40.1
39.6
38.8
40.2
39.6

40.0
39.0
38.4
40.0
39.3

40.1
39.5
38.6
39.9
39.4

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

38. 1
36.3
38.4
36.8
38.4
39.5
39.6
37.6
38.2

38.3
36.7
38.9
37.2
38.5
39.7
39.7
37.9
38.3

38.3
36.3
37.6
36.9
38.4
39.7
39.9
36.9
38.3

38.4
36.5
37.6
37.2
39.0
39.7
39.9
36.8
38.0

30.6

31.3

30.4

30.4

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

37.6
39.9
33.9

37.5
39.6
34.8

37.4
39.6
33.4

37.1
39.4
33.4

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

28.9
28.9
28.8
29.2

30.8
30.8
30.7
30.2

29.5
29.5
29.6
29.4

29.3
29.2
29.7
29.3

54
541
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

31.7
32.1
29.0

31.9
32.2
29.5

31.2
31.5
29.5

31.5
31.8
29.3

55
551, 2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

37.4
38.4
40.8
34.9

37.6
38.5
41.3
35.0

37.7
38.7
40.5
35.0

37.8
38.8
40.6
35.2

56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

29.0
32.2
27.4
29.3
29.1

30.7
34.3
29.4
31.0
29.7

28*7
31.7
27.4
28.3
28.7

28.5
31.4
27.1
28.2
28.4

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

35.3
35.2
36.9
34.5

36.3
36.2
37.1
36.0

35. 1
35.3
35.7
34.2

35.2
35.4
36.1
34.3

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES '

26.5

26.6

26. 1

26.0

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

31.8
30.7
30.5
34.1
39.4
31.5

33.0
31.5
32.6
34.8
40.5
33.0

32.0
31.1
30.3
33.5
39.3
33.6

32.0
31.2
30.0
34.4
39.2
33.5

RETAIL TRADE

59
591
594
598
599

....

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE 6

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.4

60
602

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks

36.3
36.3

36.3
36.3

36.1
36. 1

36.1
36.1

61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

36.6
35.7
37.0

36.5
35.7
36.8

37.2
36.9
36.9

37.0
36.6
36.7

63
631
632
633

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life ance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

37.2
36.9
37.9
36.9

37.3
36.8
38.2
37.1

37.4
37.6
37.3
36.9

37.4
37.8
37.4
36.9

..

Dec.
1979 p

NOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

Dec.
1979P

30.9

36.4

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

HOT.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

HOT.

1979p

Dec.
1979P

$167.24 $167.70 $178.65 $180.28 $182.79

SERVICES

MOV.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979p

$5.13

$5.16

$5.48

$5.53

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motets, and tourist courts

114.82

114.84

123.41

124.64

3.74

3.79

4.02

4.10

721
723

PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops

133.21
119.88

134.21
127.03

144.70
126.98

145.17
130.19

3.85
3-83

3.89
4.02

4.17
4.07

4.22
4. 12

73
731
734
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

169.85
260.28
123.94
216.22

170.30
261.36
124.49
218.40

80.60
275.15
128.31
239.81

181.58
274.68
128.25
237.77

5.21
7.19
4.54
5.94

5.24
7.22
4.56
6.00

5.54
7.58
4.70
6.57

5.57
7.63
4.75
6.55

75
753

AUTO REPAIR. SERVICES, AND GARAGES

191.66
217.28

194.40
218.83

218.48
240.73

218.79
242.26

5.18
5.60

5.24
5.64

5.78
6.11

5.85
6. 18

253.79

255.65

269.53

268.94

6.19

6.19

6.59

6.69

191.82
368.86

188.22
363.26

209.12
410.22

224.52
434.79

6.95
9.81

6.92
9.61

7.66
10.60

7.99
11.12

151.70

149.70

153.70

159.43

4.99

4.99

5.30

5.46

161.70
170.67
137.24
112.84
177.48

162.20
171.93
136.80
113.46
177.64

172.66
176.68
149.12
119.95
192.32

174.50
178.75
151.44
121.44
193.69

4.90
5.11
4.70
3.64
5.22

4.93
5.21
4.75
3.66
5.24

5.28
5.47
5.16
3.92
5.64

5.32
5.50
5.24
3.93
5.68

218.88

216.02

232.22

238.00

6.40

6.41

6.83

6.80

280.82
303.42
238.88

284.21
304.54
243.96

300.20
323.79
259.46

302.06
326.02
259.24

7.39
7.82
6.37

7.44
7.91
6.42

7.90
8.41
6.81

7.97
8.49
6.84

..

Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781

MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services

79

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES .

80
801
802
805

HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

1

,

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
3
Data relate t o employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators;
service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1977, such employees made
up 20 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and
earnings data.
4
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft
persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and
laborers. In 1977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
2

126




Money payments only; tips, not included.
* Data for nonoff ice sales agents excluded from all series in this division.
* Not available,
p = preliminary.

Dec.
1979P

$5.59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

HOT.

1978

SERVICES
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Hov.
1979 p

32.6

32.5

32.6

32.6

30.7

30.3

30.7

30.4

34.6
31.3

34.5
31.6

34.7
31.2

34.4
31.6

721
723

PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops

73 731
734
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

32.6
36.2
27.3
36.4

32.5
36.2
27.3
36.4

32.6
36.3
27.3
36.5

32.6
36.0
27.0
36.3

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES

37.0
38.8

37.T
38.8

37.8
39.4

37.4
39.2

41.0

41.3

40.9

40.2

27.6
37.6

27.2
37.8

27.3
38.7

28.1
39.1

....

30.4

30.0

29.0

29.2

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES

33.0
33.4
29.2
31.0
34.0

32.9
33.0
28.8
31.0
33.9

32.7
32.3
28.9
30.6
34.1

32.8
32.5
28.9
30.9
34.1

34.2

33.7

34.0

35.0

38.0
38.8
37.5

38.2
38.5
38.0

38.0
38.5
38.1

37.9
38.4
37.9

...

Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781

MOTION PICTURES
M o t i o n p i c t u r e p r o d u c t i o n a n d services

801
802
805
806

HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping




....

Dec.
1979 p

HOY.

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

HOY.

1979 P

Dec.
1979

32.7

127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands-includes both supervisory and n ansupervisory employees]

1978
July

Aug.

Sept.

1979
Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

June

May

July

Executive Branch

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

2, 760.3 2, 738. 5
39.8
39.7
1.2

1.2

227. 7
225.4

226.8
22 5. 1

C

2, 691.9 2 , 694. 5 2, 694.4 I, 681.2
39.5
39.9
39.9
40. 1
1.3
1.2
1. 3
1. 5
230.0
229.5

242.0
238.9

^242.2
239.2

2677. 5 2 ,686.3 2, 688.3 2, 697.4 2, 720.3 2 , 770. 2 I, 783.0
39.7
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.8
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0
1. 1
1. 1
1. 1
243.2
241.4

244.3
240.0

242.4
240. 5

240.6
240.0

239.8
239.2

238.9
238.9

•2 38.6
238.6

241.3
238.9

895.0
39.9
.9

892.0
39.9

890.0
39.9

896.6
39.9

906.6
39.9

908.5
40. 1

.8

.8

.8

234.7
237. 1

235.2
237.6

2 34.4
236.8

235.2
237.6

233.6
236.0

233.4
234.6

655.0
40.2

659. 5
39.8

663.2
39.6
1. 3

665.4
40. 6

271.8
261.0

274.0
267. 1

281.2
267.4

Department of Defe i«e

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

927. 1
40. 1
.9

918.6
40. 1

220.4
221. 5

221.2
222. 3

905.4
39.7

905.8
39.9

1.2

1.0

1.0

223. 3
226. 7

232. 5
234.9

905. 3
40.0
.8

233.7
235.4

902.0
39.8
.9

896.0
39.9

2 34. 1
237. 1

234.7
237. 1

.8

.9

.8

Postal Service

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

647. 5
40.2
1.8

261.9
251.5

649. 0
39.9
1. 5

651. 9
39.7

260.3
251.8

2 59.3
252. 1

1.8

646.9
41. 5
2.3

278.7
259.5

651.4
41.2
1.9

275.9
258. 5

651.4
42.6
3. 1

653.0
41.2
2. 6

655.2
41.0
1.8

655.4
40.2
1. 6

289.4
262.2

280.8
263. 1

276.9
260.7

271.5
260. 7

1.7

1.3

268.1
260. 1

1.8

Other Agencies

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average hourly earnings . . .

1, 185. 7 1 170.9
39.3
39.3
1.2
1. 1
214.6
211.9

213.4
210. 6

1, 134. 6 1, 141.8 1, 137. 7 1, 127.8
39. 1
38.8
39.0
39. 0
1.2
1.0
1. 0
1. 1
218.3
216.6

229. 1
228.0

231.4
230.2

NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data
collected by the Office of Personnel Management from agencies with 2500 or more employees in the
Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid
wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both super-

227.7
227.7

1, 128. 5 1, 136. 1 1, 140. 9
38. 7
38.8
38.8
1.0
1.0
.9
229.9
230.4

229.7
229. 7

227.7
227.7

1, 152.4 1, 164.2 1, 200.4 1, 209. 1
38.8
38.8
38.8
39.2
1.0
1.2
1. 1
1. 0
226.7
226.7

226. 0
226.0

223.3
223.3

226. 6
224.3

visory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate
only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all
workers in the Executive Branch regardless of the size of the agency.
c=corrected.

C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by industry

Average hourly earnings excluding overtime '
Major industry group

Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Cct.
1979

Nov.
1979p

Eec.
1979P

MANUFACTURING

$6.10

$6.19

$6.54

$6.59

$6.69

DURABLE GOODS

6.50
5.50
4.64
6.18
8.11
6.24
6.66
5.75
7.76
5.65
4.64

6.59
5.53
4.69
6.23
8.14
6.31
6,76
5.86
7.90
5.74
4.72

6.95
5.97
5.03
6.63
8.72
6.67
7.11
6.26
8.29
6.12
4.94

7.00
5.99
5.06
6.70
8.89
6.72
7.17
6.28
8.35
6. 17
4.96

7.12

5.47
5.69
5.86
4.26
3.96
6.36
6.39
6.93
8.36
5.46
3.90

5.52
5.74
6.02
4.28
4.01
6.41
6.42
6.99
8.45
5.51
3.93

5.90
6.04
6.30
4.62
4.25
6.94
6.80
7.50
9.03
5..88
4.22

5.96
6.17
6.86
4.64
4.25
7.00
6.83
7.53
9.11
5.90
4.24

6.01

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and ci'ass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated meta! products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

1

.. .

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.

128




p-preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Spendable average weekly earnings2
Gross average weekly earnings
Worker with no dependents

Industry
NOV.

1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979p

NOV.

1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Married worker with 3 dependents
NOV.

1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

TOTAL PRIVATE:
$210.50 $225.62 $225.70 $170.28 $182.16 $182.22 $185.81 $199.21 $199.27
87.55
88.30
80.74
80.06
92.08
99.17
84.38
104.31 100.01

Current dollars
1967 dollars

MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

352.59
174.72

374.51
166.01

381.06
167.43

265.48
131.56

281.20
124.65

2 85.12
125.27

291.35
144.38

310.12
137.46

314.89
138.35

324.49
160.80

356.82
158.16

346.75
152.35

247.02
122.41

270.11
119.73

263.68
115.85

270.47
134.03

297.22
131.75

289.89
127.37

260.94
129.31

274.85
121.83

277.55
121.95

205.2 1
101.69

216.44
95.94

218.27
95.90

223.76
110.88

236.56
104.86

238.61
104.84

310.42
153.83

337.16
149.45

339.60
149.21

237.88
117.88

257.55
114.16

259.11
113.84

260.35
129.01

282.90
125.40

284.68
125.08

156.00
77.30

167.38
74.19

167.83
73.74

130.59
64.71

139.41
61.80

139.74
61.40

143.93
71.32

156.72
69.47

157.03
68.99

182.59
90.48

194.93
86.41

197.29
86.68

150.20
74.43

159.80
70.83

161.52
70.97

164.62
81.58

175.37
77.74

177.21
77.86

167.24
82.87

178.65
79.19

180.28
79.21

139.02
68.89

147.85
65.54

149.07
65.50

152.70
75.67

164.32
72.84

165.41
72.68

201.8

225.6

227.6

CONSTRUCTION:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
. .

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

. .

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE
EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPl-W,
All items, 1967=100)

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production
or nonsupervisory jobs, both full-time and part-time, and then deducting social security and
Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of
this publication). A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series
is available on request.

p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).

2




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[1967=100]

1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.

Dec. P
1979

124.6

126.2

127. 3

127.1

128.9

NOV.
Industry division and group

TOTAL PRIVATE.

110.9

111.2

112.3

110.7

111.5

MINING

152.6

150.4

160.8

161.1

162.4

CONSTRUCTION . . .

130.4

125.9

146.4

138.3

134.0

MANUFACTURING .

106.0

107.2

104.6

104.0

105.7

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

109.4
114.1
111.9
114.7

111 .6
114 .2
113 .9
113 .0
100 .1
110 .5
119 .8
108 .7
111 .7
129 .5
100 .9

107. 4
116. 3
108. 5
114. 1
94. 0
107. 4
114. 0
108. 9
98.6
128. 0
105. 6

106.7
110.6
108.4
1t2.6

109.2
109. 4
109.6
110. 9
93. 4
109. 1
119. 4
112. 6
103. 3
132. 3
100.2

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

101.0

100 .8
97 .3
81 .8
92 .2
91 .3
102 .3
104 .3
108 .6
121 .7
155 .5
68 .5

100. 5
101. 1
79. 1
91. 1
89. 8
103. 3
104. 9
107.,9
128. 1
146. 9
65.,0

100.1

65.4

100.7
97. 2
73. 2
93. 5
89. 3
105.,3
109..0
110.,5
125.,5
145.,3
65.,3
141.0

GOODS-PRODUCING.

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

98.7

108.1
114.6
106.9
107.1
127.7
107.2

98.3
81.8
91.9
93.2

101.4
102.5
108.4
125.4
153.1

69.8

92.8

107.3
115.4
110.1
95.5

129.3
105.0

98.2
69.0
92.2
89.2

103.6
107.1
108.6
128.7
145.2

134.2

136.6

137.7

138.5

112.4

113.6

116.5

116.7

111.6

130.1

135.5

130.7

132.4

137.1

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

130.2
130.1

131.7
136.9

134.4
129.3

135.0
131.3

136.1
137.5

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

141.9

142.2

147.0

147.7

148.6

147.3

154.4

154.4

155.0

SERVICES

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

130




147.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group—Continued
[1967=100]
Nov.
1978

Dec.
1978

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 H

Eec.
1979P

306.8

Industry division and group
Payrolls

TOTAL PRIVATE . . .

,

273.6

278.5

300.0

300.9

252.3

255.4

274.8

271.8

276.3

MINING

385.6

380.1

432.2

439.7

446.2

CONSTRUCTION

281.7

273. 1

337.7

319.3

310.2

MANUFACTURING . ..

239.5

245.9

252.4

252.9

26C.9

DURABLE GOODS . . .
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

248.7
277.6
230.9
266.0
252.0
237.3
251.9
230.1
257.9
261.7
218.9

258.0
279.6
237. S
263.7
256.7
245.5
268.4
238.8
273.4
270.7
209.0

259.6
307.0
242.5
283.4
256.3
251. 1
266.5
254.6
248.9
283.7
230.0

259.6
291.8
243.4
28-1.8
257.8
252.4
272.3
258.8
241.8
290.1
229.6

270.3
289.3
249.0
277.8
261.6
260.6
286.5
269.4
267.2
299.6
223.5

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
...

223.7
222.2
217.2
199.0

185.6
238.3
208.3
252.1
307.9
318.7
134.3

225.4
222.0
222.8
200.9
183.5
241.8
213.3
254.9
302.3
326.6
132.9

240.2
243.8
224.2
213.9
191.0
264.1
226.1
271.8
339.7
327.3
135.8

241.5
241.9
213.2
218.0
190.0
267.3
232.0
274.8
345.0
324.1
137.3

244.9
240.8
226.5
222.1
192.8
273.1
238.1
282.0
335.9
330.0
138.7

292.0

298.4

321.8

326.0

333.1

TRANSPO6TATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

270.4

275.6

304.3

306.4

310.8

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

277.5

289.2

298.7

304.2

314.5

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

274.9
279.0

281.2
293.8

304.0
295.7

308.2
302.0

314.4
314.6

GOODS-PRODUCING...

Petroleum and coal products
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING .

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

276.3

279.4

305.3

309.7

315.5

SERVICES

330.7

331.9

369.6

373.3

378.5




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privated nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

1979

1978
Industry
Dec.

TOTAL PRIVATE

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

35.8

35.8

35.7

MINING

43.4

43.4

43. 1

43.1

42.9

42*8

43.0

CONSTRUCTION

37.0

37.1

36.6

37.1

35.5

37.1

37.2

MANUFACTURING . . .

40.6

40.6

40.6

40.6

39.1

40.2

Overtime hours

...

...

DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours

.

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS . .

...

....

TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE .

.

.

..

35.3

35.7

35.6

40.1

35.6

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.P

Dec.P

35 6

35 7

35.6

35.7

35.7

41.6

43.2

43. 1

43.1

43.3

43.9

36.8

37.2

37.5

36.6

36.8

37.1

40.2

40.1

40.3

40.2

40. 1

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

2.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

41.4

41.4

41.4

41.4

39.5

40.9

40.7

40.7

40.7

40.2
'

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

40.7

40.8

40.6

40.8

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.0

2.7

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3

39.9
39.2
41.9
42.2
41.3
42.4
40.5
42.8
40.9
38.9

39.9
38.9
41.8
42.3
41.1
42.3
40.5
42.8
41. 1
39.0

39.6
38.8
41.6
42.2
41.3
42.5
40.7
42.7
41.2
39.0

40.0
39.1
42.0
42.0
41.3
42.4
40.7
42.3
41.2
39.0

39.1
38.1
41.2
41.8
39.1
40.5
39.0
37.9
40.3
37.6

39.4
38.5
41.7
41.4
40.7
42.0
40.4
41.5
40.8
38.6

39.4
38.5
41.6
41.2
40.7
42.0
40.3
40.8
40.6
38.9

39.3
38.4
41.4
41.3
40.8
41.9
40.2
40.9
40.7
39.3

39.5
38.3
41.3
41.0
40.6
41.6
39.8
41.7
40.5
39.1

39.7
38.6
41.5
41.0
40.7
41.9
40.3
40.6
40.6
39.1

39.4
38.8
41.3
41.1
40.9
41.6
40.3
41.3
40.7
39.1

39.3
38.9
41.5
40.7
40.6
41.6
40.5
40.6
40.9
39.1

39.8
38.8
41.7
40.6
40.9
41.7
40.6
41.1
41.0
39.2

39.4

39.5

39.3

39.4

38.6

39.2

3 9.2

39.2

39.2

39.3

39.3

39.4

39.5

3.8

3.3

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

39.9
38. 1
40.4
35.5
42.8
37.6
41.8
43.8
41.2
36.7

40.0
37.2
40.7
35.3
42.8
37.7
42.0
43.5
41.4
36.8

39.8
36.9
40. 1
35.4
42.7
37.7
42.0
43.6
41.2
36.4

40.0
38.0
40.3
35.4
42.8
37.7
41.9
44.0
41.3
36.3

39.6
37.6
38.8
34.2
41.8
37.1
41.7
43.9
39.7
35.6

39.8
38.9
40.0
35.2
42.6
37.4
41.9
43.7
40.9
36.1

39.8
37.6
40.1
35.2
42.5
37.4
41.7
43.3
40.7
36.4

39.8
38.5
40.1
35.3
42.5
37.5
41.9
43.6
40.6
36.6

39.7
38.0
40.1
35.3
42.6
37.7
42.0
43.7
40.2
36.5

40.0
38. 6
40.6
35.3
42.4
37.5
41.7
44. 1
40.3
37.0

39.9
38.3
40.8
35.3
42.6
37.4
41.7
43.7
40.3
36.5

39.9
37.7
41.0
35.3
42.7
37.6
41.9
44.3
39.9
36.7

40.0
38.7
41.2
35.7
42.9
37.5
41.9
44.2
39.7
36.7

40.0

40.0

40.0

40.0

39.2

39.8

39.8

39.7

39.9

39.9

39.9

40.0

40.0

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.7

32. 8

32.6

32.6

32.6

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

39.0
30.6

38.8
30.6

38.8
30.6

38.7
30.5

38.7
30.7

38.8
30.6

39.0
30.7

39.0
30.5

3.2

Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

35.9

July

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

38.9
30.9

38.7
30.6

38.7
30.6

39.0
30.7

38.7
30.9

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

36.3

36.3

36.4

36.4

36.5

36.1

36.2

36.3

36. 1

36.4

36.2

36.5

36.4

SERVICES

32.6

32.6

32.6

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2

132




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcuKural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

1979

1978
Industry division and group

TOTAL PRIVATE

Sept.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

124.2

124.4

124.7

125.7

123.6

125.4

125.7

125.7

125.5

125.9

Oct.

Nov.P

Dec.P

125.8

126.3

126.9

109.8

110.3

110.2

111.3

106.8

110.3

110.1

109.9

109.4

109.7

109.0

108.7

110.2

MINING

151.3

152.0

152.5

152.5

152.0

151.6

152.5

148.4

156.7

157.4

158.1

159.0

163.6

CONSTRUCTION

127.9

128.9

126.7

132.7

124.9

133.7

134.4

133.9

134.5

135.4

132.7

133.7

136.5

MANUFACTURING

105. 1

105.6

105.8

106.0

102.0

104.7

104.3

104.4

103.3

103.4

103.1

102.5

103.7

108.8
115.6

GOODS-PRODUCING

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures .
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

110.2
113.4
99.6
107.8
115.3
105.5
105.6
126.3
101.8

109.2
115.9
109.9
113.0
100. 1
107.6
115.8
106.6
105.9
128.2
102.3

109.9
114.9
109. 1
112.8
100.3
108.7
117.4
107.8
106.9
129.4
101.7

110.1
116.4
109.4
114.9
100.2
108.6
117.5
108.5
105.9
129.7
101.7

105.0
112.4
105.8
111.5
99.7
102.7
113.0
104.4
94.3
127.2
97.5

108.3
113.3
105.9
113.1
97.9
106.6
117.4
108.2
102.6
128. 1
98.7

107.9
112.7
105.3
113.0
97.9
107. 1
117.6
108.6
99.4
128.4
100.3

107.9
111.9
105.9
111.5
97.8
106.7
118.0
108.5
100.3
128.1
100.7

106.8
112.3
104.5
110.8
95.9
104.8
116.2
104.7
102.6
127.2
100.8

107. 1
113.6
104.8
111.2
95.3
105.4
117.7
107.2
100.1
127.2
99.9

106.2
113.3
105.9
110.6
94.6
106.1
114.3
107.6
97.4
127.8
99.9

105.2
111.4
106.2
110.6
93.2
105.5
114. 1
107.7
93.8
127.5
99.9

106.4
110.9
106.2
111.3
92.9
106.3
115.0
109.3
97.6
129.4
100.8

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

99.8
97.7
73.6
91.0
91.0
100.7
101.5
107.8
123.6
152.0
68.4

100.3
98.1
71.8
91.9
91.0
101.1
102.5
108.7
122.7
153.5
67.9

99.8
97.0
70.0
90.3
90.3
101.8
103.1
108.5
123.9
154.0
66.6

100.1
98.1
73.4
90.6
89.9
103.0
103.4
108.1
125.0
154.4
66.1

97.8
96.8
73.9
86.7
86.8
100.8
101*7
107.7
125.7
148.4
63.9

99.5
97.0
76.5
89.5
89.5
102.3
103.1
108.3
124.2
153.4
65.4

99.1
96.8
12.6
89.6
88.7
102. 1
103.3
108.4
123.1
150.4
66.0

99.1
95.9
73.0
89.8
89.5
103.2
104.4
108.8
123.0
150.5
61.3

98.2
94.6
66.7
89.0
88.0
103. 1
104.7
108.2
124.2
145.6
64.9

98. 1
95.0
70.5
89.8
87.5
102.2
103.9
107.6
126.2
143.5
66.1

98.5
96.1
69.9
90.6
87.9
102.7
104.3
107.9
125.1
143.5
65.2

98.7
96.5
60.9
91.3
87.3
102.8
105.9
108.3
126. 6
142.4
64.9

99.7
97.7
66.6
92.2
89.0
103.8
105.8
109.8
127.4
141.9
65.2

134.2

134.2

134,8

135.8

135.3

135.9

136.5

136.7

136.6

137.2

137.5

138.5

138.5

113.4

115.0

114.2

115. 2

114.9

115.8

116.2

116.3

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

112. 5

112.8

113.3

113.7

109.2

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

129.5

129.0

129.3

130.2

130.6

130.2

130.0

129.9

129.6

130.4

130.7

131. 6

131.0

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

130.5
129.0

130.5
128.5

130.8
128.7

132.3
129.3

131.3
130.3

132.8
129.1

132.8
128.9

132.7
128.9

132.4
128.5

132.5
129.6

133.4
129.7

134.6
130.5

135.1
129.4

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

142.7

143.3

144. 1

144.6

145.5

144.5

145.7

146,5

146,3

147.1

146.7

148.4

148.9

SERVICES .

148.4

148.6

149.5

151.1

151.0

151.7

152.6

153.5

153.4

153.8

154.1

155.3

156.2

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.




p= preliminary.

133

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1979

1978
Industry
Dec.

Jan.

Feb

Mar.

"1

May

Ap

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

Nov.P

De

Hourly Earnings Index 2 1967=100)

TOTAL PRIVATE (In current dollars)
MINING
CONSTRUCTION . .
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
TOTAL PRIVATE (In 1967 dollars)3 . . . .

220. 9

222. 6

224. 0

225.2

226 8

227. 5

229- 0

230 9

232.2

234.3

234 9

237 . 1

239

2 50. 9
213.0
224.2

252. 1
213.8
225.4

253. 7
216. 7
227. 2

256. 1
216. 5
228. 7

264 . 1
218 . 1
231 0

262.7
220.4
232.2

264. 7
220.4
2 33. 9

266. 9
222 1
2 35 4

265. 6
223. 1
236.9

266. 1

268 . 0
224 . 0
240.0

271 . 4
225 . 6
242 . 1

2 74 0
226 5
244 2

239.0

240.8

241. 7

243. 1

241

7

243.7

246.4

251

252.6

255.6

255

8

2 58. 0

260

5

214. 7

217. 7

218. 1

219.4

220

9

221. 0

222. 6

22 3 8

22 5. 4

227. 0

227. 4

229. 4

230

4

202. 1
219.3

202.4
220.8

204. 2
222. 2

204.8
223. 3

207 . 5
225 . 0

207.0

224.3

208. 0
22 5. 7

210
227

8
0

211. 5
228.4

214.4
231. 5

213 1
232 .3

216 .2
2 34. 6

218
237

4
4

108.7

108. 5

107. 8

107. 3

106 . 9

106. 1

105. 7

105

6

105. 1

104. 9

104 . 2

104

1

$6.
8.
9.
6.

$6.
8.
9.
6.

33
71
45
87

$ 6 . 39
8. 79
9. 48
6. 91

3

224.4
238. 7

1

Average hourly earnings

$5.92
8. 08
8.88
6.43

TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND
REAL ESTATE .
. .
SERVICES

.

.

$5.96
8. 18
8. 94
6.46

$6.
8.
9.
6.

00
23
06
51

$6. 04
8.28
9. 03
6.56

$6.
8.
9.
6.

04
56
11
56

$6.09
8.43
9.20
6.65

$6. 13
8.49
9. 19
6.68

9.27
6., 72

$6.22
8.57
9. 32
6. 74

$6.26
8. 50
9- 39
6. 78

$6.. 18
8., 49

28
57
38
8?.

7.83

7.88

7. 9 2

7.96

7. 91

7. 99

8. 09

8.. 2 1

8. 30

8. 37

8. 3 9

8. 4 5

8. 53

4.85

4.92

4 . 93

4. 96

4. 99

5. 00

5. 03

5., 0 7

5. 10

5. 12

5. 1 4

5

19

5. 22

5. 09
5. 14

5. 09
5. 18

5 . 14
5. 2 2

5. 16
5.24

5.
5. 2 7

5.21
5.26

5.23
5. 31

5. 3 0
5.. 3 5

5. 32

5. 40
5.45

5. 3 8
5.46

5 45

5.39

5 . 51

5. 51
5. 57

223. 57 225. 98

228. 12

Average weekly earnings

TOTAL PRIVATE:
Currant dollars
1967 dollars3
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)3. .*.

211.94

213. 37

214. 2 0 216.84

213. 21

220. 01 2 2 1 . 4 3

223.48

103.98

103. 13 103.31

100. 48

217.41
101.40

218.23

104.30

100. 75

100. 60 100.24

100.04

99. 19

99. 24

91.97

92.46

89. 3 5

89. 96

89. 34

88.44

87. 69

87. 61

9 1 . 66

91.68

1

3

2

4

89. 12

88.73

The CPI W is used to deflate these series to 1967 dollars.
See footnote 2, table C-5.
N.A =not available.
p=preliminary.

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate
developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime
data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage
industries.

C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers 1 in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
Millions of hours (Annual rate)2

Percent change

Industry division
OCTOBER
1979

TOTAL . . . .
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT

1
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private
Economy and Major Sectors.

134




169,503
138,623
2,155
8,980
43,420
26,588
16,832
10,821
34,414
9,475
29,357
30,880

NOVEMBER
P1979

DECEMBER

169,710
139,295
2,221
9,070
43,288
26,440
16,848
10,886
34,697
9,574
29,559
30,414

170,905
140,040

pl979

2,268

9,275
43,735
26,733
17,002
10,891
34,553
9,619
29,700
30,865

Dec. 1978
to
Dec. 1979

Oct. 1979
to
Nov. 1979

Nov. 1979
to
Dec. 1979

2.2
2.6
9.4
7.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.1
3.6
1.5
5.0
5.2
0.6

0.1
0.5
3.1
1.0
-0.3
-0.6
0.1

0.7
0.5
2.1
2.3
1.0
1.1
0.9
0.0
-0.4
0.5
0.5
1.5

0.6
0.8

1.0
0.7
-1.5

"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent.

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]
Quarterly indexes
Annual average

1977

1978

1977

1978

PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

118.6
133.8
112.8
213.0
117.3
179.6
165.6
174.8

119.2
140.7
118.1
231.2
118.3
194.0
174.3
187.2

118.5
131.0
110.6
207.7
117.2
175.2
161.4
170.5

117.9
132.8
112.6
210.8
116.7
178.8
164.7
173.9

119.4
135.2
113.2
215.3
117.6
180.2
167.9
176.0

118.8
136.1
114.5
218.5
117.9
183.8
168.6
178.6

118.4
136.9
115.6
224.2
118.7
189.4
164.8
180.9

119.0
140.3
117.9
228.5
118.1
192.1
173.9
185.8

119.7
141.8
118.4
233.6
118.2
195.2
177.0
188.9

119.8
144.0
120.2
238.4
118.0
199.0
181.3
192.9

118.9
144.4
121.5
244.8
118.0
205.9
180.8
197.2

118.2
143.4
121.3
250.3
116.9
211.7
183.7
202.0

118.0
144.0
122.0
255.6
115.8
216.6
185.5
205.9

NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour . . . . .
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

116.2
134.3
115.6
209.3
115.3
180.1
163.9
174.5

116.8
141.5
121.1
227.3
116.3
194.5
169.9
186.1

116.4
131.7
113.2
204.1
115.2
175.4
159.1
169.8

115.8
133.4
115.2
207.3
114.7
179.0
163.2
173.6

116.7
135.6
116.2
211.2
115.4
180.9
167.1
176.2

116.3
136.4
117.3
214.8
115.9
184.7
166.0
178.3

116.0
137.3
118.4
220.6
116.8
190.2
161.1
180.2

116.5
141.1
121.1
224.6
116.1
192.7
169.2
184.7

117.3
142.7
121.6
229.4
116.1
195.6
173.0
187.8

117.6
145.0
123.4
234.3
116.0
199.3
176.1
191.4

116.6
145.5
124.8
240.2
115.8
206.0
174.3
195.1

115.4
144.2
124.9
244.8
114.3
212.1
177.6
200.3

115.2
144.8
125.7
249.8
113.2
216.9
180.4
204.4

MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of ail persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour . . . .
Un;t labor costs

127.2
128.2
100.8
212.0
116.8
166.6

128.0
134.5
105.1
229.5
117.5
179.4

125.4
124.2
99.0
206.4
116.5
164.6

127.3
128.1
100.6
209.7
116.1
164.7

128.4
129.9
101.1
214.1
117.0
166.7

127.8
130.8
102.3
217.5
117.4
170.2

125.7
130.1
103.4
223.2
118.1
177.5

127.2
133.4
104.8
226.6
117.1
178.1

129.2
135.9
105.2
231.4
117.0
179.1

129.8
138.5
106.7
236.5
117.1
182.2

129.0
140.1
108.5
242.4
116.9
187.9

130.0
139.7
107.5
248.2
115.9
190.9

131.0
139.8
106.7
253.1
114.6
193.1

DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour . . . .
Unit labor costs

121.2
122.5
101.0
213.8
117.8
176.4

121.3
129.6
106.9
230.8
118.1
190.4

119.5
117.8
98.6
208.2
117.5
174.3

121.6
122.2
100.5
211.6
117.1
174.0

122.3
124.4
101.7
215.9
118.0
176.6

121.7
125.5
103.2
219.4
118.4
180.3

118.9
124.4
104.6
224.5
118.9
188.8

120.9
128.3
106.1
227.9
117.8
188.5

122.5
131.3
107.2
232.5
117.6
189.9

122.8
134.5
109.5
237.9
117.7
193.7

121.8
136.2
111.8
243.8
117.5
200.1

122.7
135.4
110.3
249.5
116.5
203.3

122.6
134.6
109.7
254.3
115.2
207.4

NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour . . . . . . . .
Real compensation per hour . . . .
Unit labor costs

137.0
137.6
100.4
208.6
114.9
152.3

139.0
142.3
102.4
226.1
115.7
162.7

135.1
134.6
99.6
203.6
114.9
150.7

136.6
137.6
100.7
206.6
114.4
151.2

138.5
138.8
100.2
210.6
115.1
152.1

137.9
139.3
101.1
213.8
115.3
155.1

136.9
139.3
101.7
220.1
116.5
160.7

137.5
141.6
103.0
223.6
115.5
162.6

140.3
143.2
102.1
228.1
115.4
162.6

141.4
145.1
102.6
232.4
115.0
164.3

141.1
146.3
103.7
238.0
114.8
168.7

142.1
146.9
103.4
244.1
114.0
171.8

145.1
148.4
102.3
248.9
112.8
171.6

NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

116.8
141.2
120.9
207.6
114.4
181.8
177.7
194.3
122.7
173.0

117.9
150.0
127.2
224.8
115.0
193.3
190.6
201.8
127.2
183.5

116.8
138.4
118.5
202.5
114.3
177.7
173.4
191,0
114.1
168.3

116.5
140.4
120.5
205.7
113.8
180.5
176.6
192.4
123.3
172.0

117.4
142.7
121.5
209.5
114.5
182.4
178.4
194.8
130.9
174.7

116.7
143.4
122.9
212.8
114.8
186.3
182.3
198.7
122.2
176.8

116.7
144.7
124.1
218.5
115.7
190.8
187.3
201.5
107.1
178.3

117.8
149.7
127.1
222.3
114.9
191.6
188.7
200.8
129.2
182.3

118.4
151.4
127.8
226.9
114.8
194.0
191.5
201.6
132.7
184.9

118.8
154.2
129.8
231.3
114.5
196.8
194.8
203.1
138.7
188.2

118.1
155.1
131.3
237.4
114.5
202.3
201.0
206.5
130.3
191.6

117.3
154.1
131.4
242.1
113.1
208.0
206.4
213.2
129.2
196.3

117.5
154.7
131.7
247.1
111.9
212.6
210.3
219.9
129.0
200.2

II

III

IV

p=preliminaryr=revised.




135

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change

Quarterly percent change

I 197? II 1 9 7 4 m 1978 IV 1973
1979 II 1979 II 1977 III 1977 IV 197? I 1978 II 1978 III 1978
to
to I to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
II 197? II 197* IV 1978 I 1979 II 1979 II 1979.11 1978 III 197* IV 197* I 1979 II 1979 III 1979
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:

2.0
10.5
8.4
7.9
-2.1
5.8
24.0
11.2

2.4
4.2
1.7
9.2
0.3
6.6
7.4
6.9

0.3
6.4
6.1
8.5
-0.7
8.1
9.9
8.7

-3.0
1.2
4.4
11.1
0.1
14.6
-1.0
9.3

-2.2
-2.9
-0.7
9.3
-3.8
11.8
6.5
10.1

-0.7
1.7
2.5
8.8
-3.6
9.6
4.0
7.8

0.9
5.7
4.7
8.4
1.2
7.4
5.6
6.8

0.2
4.8
4.6
8.5
0.4
8.3
5.4
7.4

0.8
5.8
5.0
9.1
0.1
8.3
7.5
8.0

0.4
5.5
5.1
9.2
-0.6
8.7
9.7
9.0

-0.6
2.2
2.8
9.5
-1.0
10.2
5.6
8.7

-1.4
1.6
3.0
9.4
-2.0
11.0
4.8
9.0

1.9
11.5
9.4
7.5
-2.5
5.4
21.5
10.2

2.7
4.5
1.8
8.8
0.0
6.0
9.4
7.0

0.8
6.8
5.9
8.8
-0.4
8.0
7.3
7.8

-3.2
1.2
4.6
10.4
-0.6
14.0
-4.0
8.1

-4.1
-3.6
0.5
7.9
-5.0
12.5
7.8
11.0

-0.7
1.9
2.6
8.5
-3.9
9.3
6.4
8.4

0.6
5.7
5.1
8.4
1.2
7.7
3.7
6.4

0.5
5.2
4.7
8.7
0.6
8.1
3.5
6.6

1.1
6.3
5.2
9.1
0.1
7.9
6.1
7.3

0.5
5.9
5.4
8.9
-0.8
8.3
8.2
8.3

-1.0
2.2
3.2
9.0
-1.5
10.1
5.0
8.5

-1.8
1.5
3.4
8.9
-2.5
10.9
4.3
8.8

6.3
-3.5
1.4

6.3
7.6
1.3
8.7
-0.1
2.2

2.0
8.1
5.9
9.3
0.0
7.1

-2.4
4.6
7.1
10.3
-0.6
13.0

2.9
-0.9
-3.7
9.8
-3.4
6.7

3.3
0.3
-2.9
8.1
-4.2
4.7

-0.1
4.1
4.2
8.0
0.9
8.1

0.6
4.6
4.0
8.1
0.0
7.4

1.6
5.9
4.3
8.7
-0.3
7.1

2.6
7.7
4.9
8.6
-1.1
5.9

2.2
4.8
2.6
9.5
-1.0
7.2

1.4
2.9
1.5
9.4
-2.1
7.8

Unit labor costs

6.9
13.3
5.9
6.1
-3.7
-0.8

5.1
9.6
4.3
8.3
-0.4
3.1

1.2
10.0
8.7
9.6
0.4
8.3

-3.2
5.3
8.8
10.3
-0.6
13.9

2.9
-2.5
-5.2
9.7
-3.5
6.6

-0.2
-2.3
-2.2
8.0
-4.4
8.2

-0.6
5.0
5.6
7.7
0.5
8.3

0.2
5.6
5.4
7.7
-0.3
7.5

0.9
7.1
6.1
8.4
-0.5
7.4

2.4
9.5
6.9
8.6
-1.1
6.0

1.5
5.5
4.0
9.5
-1.1
7.9

0.1
2.5
2.3
9.4
-2.1
9.2

N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

1.7
6.8
4.9
6.5
-3.3
4.7

8.2
4.8
-3.2
8.3

-0.9
3.4
4.4

-0.4
0.1

3.4
5.3
1.8
7.8
-1.3
4.2

10.0
-0.9
11.0

2.7
1.5
-1.2
10.6

8.7
4.3
-4.1
8.1
-4.3
-0.6

0.6
2.9
2.2
8.2
1.0
7.5

1.3
3.2
1.9
8.3
0.3
7.0

2.6
4.1
1.5
8.7
-0.3
6.0

3.1
5.1
1.9
8.1
-1.5
4.9

3.3
3.7
0.4
9.2
-1.3
5.7

3.4
3.6
0.2
9.1
-2.3
5.5

4.1
14.5
10.0
7.2
-2.7
1.8
2.9
-1.3
111.3

2.0
4.6
2.5
8.4
-0.4
5.1
6.2
1.7
11.4
5.7

1.1
7.6
6.4
8.1
-1,0
5.9
6.9
2.9
19.5
7.3

-2.1
2.5
4.6
11.0
0.0
11.7
13.4
6.8
-22.1
7.6

0.7
1.6
0.9
8.5
-3.9

1.2
6.7
5.4
8.1
0.9
6.2
6.8
4.3
4.7
6.0

0.8
6.1
5.2
8.3
0.2
6.4
7.4
3.5
1.4
5.8

1.8
7.5
5.6
8.7
-0.3
5.6
6.8
2.2
13.6
6.4

1.3
7.2
5.8
8.7
-1.0
6.1
7.3
2.5
21.7
7.5

-0.5
2.9
3.4
8.9
-1.6
8.6
9.4
6.2
0.0
7.7

-0.8
2.2
3.0
8.9
-2.5
9.6
9.8
9.1
-2.8
8.3

Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit n on labor payments
Implicit price deflator
N O N F A R M BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit non labor payments
Implicit price deflator
MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons

....

Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

4.8
10.6
5.5

D U R A B L E GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output

Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour

N O N F I N A N C I A L CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour

Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit non labor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

p=preliminary.
r»re vised.

136



9.3

-2.6
7.7

-2.8
-2.6
0.3
8.0
-4.9
11.8
11.2
13.5
-3.4
10.2

9.2
7.8

13.3
-0.7
8.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS

C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

State and M M

NOf.
1979P

HO?.
1978

OCT.
1*79

HO?.
1979P

HO?.
1978

OCT.
1973

NO?.
1979P

$250.72
291.36

41.2
40.0
43.2

40.9
38.9

{•>

40.6
40. 2
40.2

(•)

$5.63
6.62
6.78

$6.08
7.22
7.52

$6.13
7.49
(*)

<*)

41.7

46.2

(*)

8.66

9.97

(*)

274.05
272.16
251.13

281.26
281.93
248.18

40-9
41.1
38.7

40.6
40.5
39.3

41.0
41.4
38.9

6.14
6.15
5.89

6.75
6.72
6.39

6.86
6.81
6.38

192.76
173.71
200.19
226.16
257.71

213.73
198.55
217.17
240.99
299.48

208.05
192.48
216.01
244.61
294.70

39.1
39.3
39.8
40.1
41.3

40.1
41.8
39.2
40.3
42.3

38.6
40.1
39.0
40.1
42.1

4.93
4.42
5.03
5.64
6.24

5.33
4.75
5.54
5.98
7.08

5.39
4.80
5.59
6.10
7.00

CALIFORNIA . " . . . . : . .
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove ,
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
"Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
Santa Rosa . . . . '
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

268.52
249.26
279.03
241.00
251.53
260*80
230.98
277.26
286.89
251.54
245.25
319.59
286.82
215.94
235.59
291.40
2 82.08

288.72
266.24
316.27
263.56
270. 14
280.40
250.49
303.28
312.45
259.04
266.73
342.68
304.37
244.57
260.70
301.07
307.32

292.25
270.91
324. 36
258.69
276.74
286.13
254.02
303-06
308.03
256.67
271.83
348.13
309.96
254.22
254.10
309.25
308.11

40.5
41.2
39.3
39.9
4.1.1
40.0
40. 1
40.3
39.3
37.6
38.5
39.8
40.8
36.6
37.1
39.7
36.8

40.1
40«4
40.6
40.3
40.2
40.0
39.2
40.6
39.5
36.9
38.6
39.8
40.8
37.0
39.5
39.1
39.4

40.2
40.8
40.8
38.9
40.4
40.3
38.9
40.3
38.6
36.1
39.0
40.2
41.0
38.0
37.7
39.8
39. 1

6.63
6.05
7.10
6.04
6.12
6.52
5.76
6.88
7.30
6.69
6.37
8.03
7.03
5.90
6.35
7.34
7.27

7.20
6.59
7.79
6.54
6.72
7.01
6.39
7.47
7.91
7.02
6.91
8.61
7.46
6.61
6.60
7.70
7.80

7.27
6.64
7.95
6.65
6.85
7.10
6.53
7.52
7.98
7.11
6.97
8.66
7.56
6.69
6.74
7.77
7.88

COLORADO
Denver-Boulder

249.95
249.16

271.47
272.83

273.74
275.41

39.3
39.3

39.4
39.2

39.5
39.4

6.36
6.34

6.89
6.96

6.93
6.99

260.47
274.74
292.38
269.33
265.20
261.84
229.27

279.36
294.01
311.32
295.06
279.47
275.94
245.23

(*)
301.09
515.92
303.46
281.63
282.91
249.37

42.7
44.1
44.1
43.3
42.5
42.3
42.3

42.2
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.9
42.0
42.5

(•)
43.7
43.1
43.6
41.6
42.8
42.7

6.10
6.23
6.63
6.22
6.24
6.19
5.42

6.62
6.79
7.24
6.83
6. $7
6.57
5.77

(*>
6.89
7.33
6.96
6.77
6.61
5.84

270.12
297.89

287.50
317.58

282.82
516.00

39.9
39.3

39.6
39.5

39.5
39.5

6.77
7.58

7.26
8.04

7.16
8.00

HO?.
1978

OCT.
1979

$228.58
266.12
272.56

$250.50
288.80
324.86

ALASKA

361.12

460.61

ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson

251.13
252.76
227.94

ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff . . . . '

ALABAMA
Birmingham
Mobile

., *...".

CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

,

DELAWARE
Wilmington

,

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Washington SMSA

266.23

289.54

301.51

39.5

38.4

40.8

6.74

7.54

7.39

FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood ]
Jacksonville
Miami .'.
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

213.09
198.05
252.89
183.51
231.23
283.36
216.11
249.55

227.21
218.28
260.74
197.90
239.84
299.90
235.18
237.63

230.77
228.23
266.90
200.10
24 3.38
307.98
232.64
258.72

41.7
40.5
41.8
40.6
42.9
44.0
41.8
43.4

40.5
40.8
40.3
39.9
42.3
42.6
40.9
37.6

40.7
41.8
40.5
40. 1
42.4
43.5
40.6
39.2

5.11

4.89
6.05
4.52
5.39
6.44
5. 17
5.75

5.61
5.35
6.47
4.96
5.67
7.04
5.75
6.32

5.67
5.46
6.59
4.99
5.74
7.Q8
5.73
6.60

GEORGIA
Atlanta
Savannah

204.32
242.38
280.37

220.19
255.42
309.50

224.95
261.20
316.84

40.3
39.8
43.2

40.7
39.6
43.9

41.2
40.0
44.5

5.07
6.09
6,49

5.41
6.45
7.05

5.46
6.53
7.12

HAWAII1
Honolulu1

238.70
234.74

256.37
254.41

254.80
25 9.39

38.5
37.8

39.2
38.2

38.9
38.6

6.20
6.21

6.54
6.66

6.55
6.72

IDAHO
Boise City

262.25
260.15

266.56
246.77

256.67
<*>

39.2
39.9

38.8
38.8

36.1
(•)

6.69
6.52

6.87
6.36

7.11

See footnotes at end of table.




137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly noun

Avarage weekly earningt
State and area
HO?.

OCT.

HO?.

NO7.

OCT.

HO?.

HO?.

OCT.

1978

1979

1979P

1978

1979

1979P

1978

1979

$280.93
260.64
263.85
274.80
281.40
328.72
352.91
292.57
320.86

$303.43
264.30
270.12
291.19
337.22
313.65
338.18
308.63
313.46

$308.90
286.96
282.16
291.79
334.77
310.87
330.22
316.03
318.17

40.3
42.0
39.6
40.7
37.4
43.0
40.5
42.8
42.8

41.0
40.8
39.2
40.5
38.9
39.0
40.5
42.0
41.9

41.4
42.7
40.4
40.7
39.3
39.1
39.8
42.9
41.7

$6.97
6.21
6.66
6.75
7.52
7.64
8.72
6.84
7.50

$7.40
6.48
6.89
7.19
8.67
8.03
8.34
7.33
7.48

INDIANA
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago
Indianapolis

305.53
407.27
307.33

319.16
411.53
322.75

321.15

41.4
41.9
42.1

40.4
39.8
40.7

40.6

7.38.
9.72
7.30

7.90
10.34
7.93

IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

293.71
305.53
297.94
339.29
288.42
377.57

308.21
327.18
327.13
293.88
311.03
319.22

332.11
338.87
345.63
401.85
312.56
421.42

40.4
42.2
40.2
43.7
41.4

40.5
41.0
39.7
37.2
42.9
38.6

40.9
42.2
41.0

7,27
7.24
7.62
8.44
6.60
9. 12

7.61
7.98
8.24
7.90
7.25
8.27

(*)
(*)
(•)

287.82
313.53
311.44

292.70
304.16
323.88

(•)
(*)
(•)

41.0
41.2
42.2

41.4
40.5
43.3

KENTUCKY
Louisville

261.70
294.26

274.72
313.98

275.42
317.56

40.2

39.7
40.1

39.8
40.3

6.51
7.32

6.92'
7.83

LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

277.13
355.34
263.08
251.27

299.04
367.16
294.35
265.61

302.52!
388.51
301.60
265.17

42.0
42.3
41.4
40.8

41.9
43.8
42.3
40.3

6.63

43.6
39.8
39.2

7.12
8.68
7.11
6.51

MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn Portland

205.74
166.80
198-90

225.12
176.05
215.21

228.80
185.22
216.22

40.5
38.7
39.7

40.2
36,6
39.2

40.0
37.8
39.1

5.08
4.31

MARYLAND
Baltimore

270.54
289.57

291.27
309.87

295.07
314.98

40.5
40.9

39.9
40.4

40.2
40.8

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester

231.99
258.54
180.30
162.72
223.79
203.20
196.56
233.35
243.02

250.34
282.98
187.47
188.84
243.98
197.63
197.40
249.90
263.90

(•)
(•>
<*>
(•)
(•)
(*)
*•)
(*)
(*)

40.7
41.3
38.2
36.0
39.4
40.0
39.0
41.3
41.4

39.8
40.6
37.8
37.1
39.1
3?.5
3V. 6
40.9
40*6

(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)

(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)

365.15
362.89
364.17
309.10
396.86
427.87
300.82
339.75
335.30
383.81
319.96
403.56

347.66
362.80
366.60
309.04
375.66
395.73
292.04
326.64
324.56
359.35
291.17
397.52

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)

41.0
39.6
41.2
39.7
41.5
42.6
40.4
42*4
40.9
39.2
41.0
40.3

39.2
38.6
41.4
39.6
39.9
39.4
39.1
41.3
39.6
37.3
37.8
39.8

269.87
246.72
288.56

284.49
275.02
301.68

285.37
275.42
304.76

40.4
39.1
40.7

39.9
39.8
39.8

39.8
39.8
40.1

6.68
6.31
7.09

189.14
213.19

202.10
227.15

203.81
231.68

40.5
42.3

40.1
41.3

40.2
42.2

4.67
5.04

ILLINOIS
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign— Urbana—Rantoul
Chicago SMSA
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline \
Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita

MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing—East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
MINNESOTA
Dulutty— Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI

Jackson .'

See footnotes at end of table.

138



.,

(*)
(•)

39.1

40.2
41.. 8

(*)
(•)

4U3

42.7
42.1

(•)
<*)
(*)

8.15
6.61
6.41
5.01
6.68
7.08
5.70
6.26
4.72
4.52
5.68
5.08
5.04
5.65
5.87
(*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
<•)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)
(•)

m.
<*)

7.02
7.61
7.38

5.60
4.81
5.49

HO?.
1979P

$7.47
6.71
6.99
7.17
8.51
7.95
8.29
7.37
7.64
7.91
(•)
(•)

8.12
8.03

8.43

9.73
7.32
10.01
7.07
7.51
7.48
6.92
7.88
7.22
8.87
7.13
6.58
5.72
4.90

7.30
7.67

5.53
7.34
7.72

6.29
6.97
4.S6
5.09
6.24
5.27
5.25
6.11
6.50

(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)

8.91
9.16
8.84
7.79
9.56
10.04
7.45
8.01
8.20

9.75
7.80
10.01
7.13
6.91
7.58
5.04
5.50

8.87
9.40
8.86

7.80
9.42
10.04
7.47
7.91
8.20
9.63
7.70
9.99

7.17
6.92
7.60
5.07
5.49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas-Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area

MISSOURI
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield

„

Average weakly hours

Average hourly earnings

HO?.
1979P

NO?.

OCT.
1979

MO?.
1979P

MO?.
1978

OCT.
1979

NO?.
1979P

$266.02 $272.45 $274.62
296.'43
316.80
319.56
239.98? 273.77* 271.17
306.91
307.93
311.48

39.6
40.0
40.8
40.2
38.8

39.8
40.4
39.3
40.4
38.9

$6.52
7.23
6.06
7.36
5.56

$6.88
7.92
6.71
7.66
6.11

$6.90
7.91
6.90
7.71
6.17

MOV.
1978

OCT.

1979

237.07

240.01

40.8
41.0
39.6
41.7
39.1

MONTANA

355. ?8

377.13

383.67

43.0

43.7

43.5

8.26

8.63

8.82

NEBRASKA
Omaha

252.13
252.05
269.51

278.21
261.74
286.88

275.64
260.04
288.95

41.4
40.2
41.4

41.4
39.9
39.9

41.7
39.4
40.3

6.09
6.27
6.51

6.72
6.56
7.19

6.61
6.60
7.17

NEVADA
Las Vegas

257.40
322.00

280.47
376.94

280.30
(*)

39.0
40.0

38.9
38.7

40.1

6.60
8.05

7.21

9.74

6.99
(*)

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua . .

209.30
180.11
235.45

221.92
197.76
241.57

223.51
199.56
250.28

40.8
38.9
42.5

39.7
38.7
40.6

39.7
38.9
41.3

5.13
4.63
5.54

5.59
5.11

5.63
5.13

5.95

6.06

NEW JERSEY

265.43
187.77
253.17
256.08
264.68
287.87
267.34
253.57
270.68

283.98
198.59
273.82
258.07
276.71
305.42
292.40
264.04
297.88

288.81
204.22
284.66
263.89
282.08
312.00
295.91
274.91
290.60

41.8
39.2
40.9
43.7
41.1
41.6
42.3
41.5
41.2

41.7
37.4
41.3
42.1
41.3
40.4
42.5
41.0
41.2

42.1
38.1
41.4
42.7
41.3
41.6
42.7
42. 1
40.7

6.35
4.79
6.19
5. 86
6.44
6.92
6.32
6.11
6.57

6.81
5.31
6.63
6.13
6.70
7.56
6.88
6.44
7.23

6.86
5.36
6.81
6.18
6.83
7.50
6.93
6.53
7.14

NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque

195.82
196.91

214.38
217.21

218.74
218.62

39.4
39.7

39.7
40.6

39.2
38.9

4.97
4.96

5.40
5.35

5.58
5.62

NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County 4
Nassau-Suffolk 5
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 3 \
New York SMSA 5
,
New York City * . . .<
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
,
Rockland County *
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 6
:

253.13
279.39
232.82
346.01
255.02
331.19
234.77
239.19
218.27
214.10
210.52
254.98
308.98
252.66
284.08
238.32
246.93

267.06
285.82
249.87
356.29
272.54
366.21
251.93
254.16
230.57
225.13
221.25
270.26
339.44
256.19
302.33
261.94
256.89

269.72
288.97
257.30
356.29
275.11
364.91
255.20
(•)
234.08
228.60
224.32
273.68
339.46
259.26
302.22
264.79
267.34

40.5
41.7
41.5
42.3
41.0
42.9
40.2
40.2
38.7
38.3
38.0
41.8
42.5
41.9
42.4
40.6
41.5

39.8
40.6
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.9
39.8
39.9
38.3
37.9
37*5
41.9
40.6
41.7
40.8
41.3

39.9
40.7
41.3
41.0
41.0
41.8
40.0
(*)
38.5
38.1
37.7
42.3
41.6
40.7
41.4
40.8
42.1

6.25
6.70
5.61
8.18
6.22
7.72
5.84
5.95
5.64
5.59
5.54
6.10
7*27
6.03
6.70
5.87
5.95

6.71
7.04
6.05
8.69
6.68
8.74
6.33
6.37
6.02
5.94
5.90
6.45
8.14
6.31
7.25
6.42
6.22

6.38
(•)
6.08
6.00
5.95
6.47
8.16
6.37
7.30
6.49
6.35

NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

185.78
191.10
191.22
202.40
206.96

200.80
201.06
203.50
217.01
226.40

204.83
204.59
208.66
222.96
233.69

40.3
42.0
41.3
40.4
40.5

40.0
40.7
40.7
39.6
40.0

40.4
41.0
41.4
40.1
40.5

4.61
4.55
4.63
5.01
5.11

5.02
4.94
5.00
5.46
5.66

5.07
4.99
5.04
5.56
5.77

223.18
238.85

252.55
289.00

234.00
267.04

39.5
38.4

40.8
42.5

39.0
40.4

5.65
6.22

6.19
6.80

6.00
6.61

322.06
317.69
319.80
302.32
338*43
273.10
329.47
332.28
375.20

329.16
330.22
334.56
305.70
335.69
289.35
347.73
342.77
380.95

329.60
331. 52
337.43
313.17
333-73
287.83
342.76
341.52
383.80

42.6
42.7
41.0
42.7
43.5
40.4
42.9
42.6
42.3

41.3
41.8
40.8
41.2
41.7
39.8
42.2
41.1
40.7

41.2
41.7
41.2
41.7
41.1
39.7
41.8
40.9
40.7

7.56
7.44
7.80
7.08
7.78
6.76
7.68
7.80
8.87

7.97
7.90
8.20
7.42
8.05
7.27
8.24
8.34
9.36

8.00
7.95
8. 19
7.51
8.12
7.25
8.20
8.35
9.43

Lincoln

Atlantic City
Camden a.
Hackensack

v

3

.........\..

Jersey City 3
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Newark 3
,
Paterson-CHfton-Passaic

3

3

,

Trenton

NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorhead
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton

Toledo \
Youngstown-Warren •...•••

,

..

41.7

6.76

7.10
6.23
8.69
6.7-1 v
8.73

See footnotes at end o f table.




139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earning*

Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

State and area

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

$246.04
240.19
258.55

OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
Jackson County
Portland

NOT.
1979P

NOT.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOT.
1979P

NOT.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOT,
1979P

$271.89
283.58
293.45

$280.83
301.86
296.86

40.4
40.3
39.. 9

40.4
42.2
40.7

40.7
43.0
40.5

$6.09
5.96
6.48

$6.73
6.72
7.21

$6.90
7.02
7.33

289.42
313.95
306.15
270.84

310.23
326.52
319.61
301.34

308.94
(*)
(•)
307.55

38.9
39.0
39.2
38.2

38.3
38.1
38.6
38..0

38.0
(*}
(*)
38.3

7.44
8.05
7.81
7.09

8.10
8.57
8.28
7.93

8.13
(*)
(•)
8.03

PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton . .
Altoona
Delaware Valley 7. ...-.'
Erie
'.
Harrisburg . .
Johnstown
Lancaster.
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton .8
:
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton * ?
Williamsport
York

270.50
263.45
213.01
278.53
273.65
242.80
288.26
239.09
192.00
274.44
329.54
239.34
198.78
t86.22
235.22
250.16

284.57
289.86
241.74
288.08
298.03
272.41
304.17
256.26
200.75
285.91
349.46
260.24
207.36
193.40
264.80
259. 16

294.35
292.11
243.76
293.71
302.28
281.99
301.84
263.13
208.48
291.91
362.61
268.71
211.46
204.79
269.34
258.03

40.8
38.8
37*7
40.9
42.1
40.0
40.6
40.8
37.5
40.9
41.4
39.3
38.9
36.3
39.6
42.4

39.8
38.7
39.5
39.9
41.8
41.4
38.6
41.2
36.7
40.1
40.4
38.9
38.4
35.1
40.0
41.4

40.6
39.0
39.7
40.4
42.1
41.9
38.5
41.9
37.7
40.6
41.3
39.4
38.8
36.7
40.2
42.3

6.63
6.79
5.65
6.81
6.50
6.07
7*10
5.86
5.12
6.71
7.96
6.09
5.11
5.13
5.94
5.90

7.15
7.49
6.12
7.22
7.13
6.58
7.88
6.22
5.47
7.13
8.65
6.69
5.40
5.51
6.62
6.26

7.25
7.49
6.14
7.27
7.18
6.73
7.84
6.28
5.53
7.19
8.78
£.82
5.45
5.58
6.70
6.10

RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket .

191.84
1-94.57

203.31
201.89

206.72
206.06

39.8
40.2

38.8
38.9

39.3
39.4

4.82
4.Q4

5.24
5.19

5*26
5.23

SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston . . .
Columbia
Greenville—Spartanburg

198.92
230.03
192.23
196.46

216.07
237.21
214.49
212.68

221.43
249.07
221.01
219.12

4.1.1
41.9
40.3
4.1.1

41.0
39.8
40.7
40.9

41.7
41.1
41.7
41.5

4.84
5.49
4.77
4.78

5.27
5.96
5.27
5.20

5.31
6.06
5.30
5.28

SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

226.50
204.73
297.98

249.42
195.36
341.82

249.10
197.12
346.44

42.1
39.6
47.6

41.5
35.2
44.8

42.8
35.2
51.4

5.38
5.17
6.26

6.01
5.55
7.63

5-82
5.60
6.74

TENNESSEE . . .
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville—Davidson .

210.14
219.91
245.22
253.98
226.56

224.24
230.68
261.20
262.44
248.06

224.24
237.72
266.93
261.39
247.66

39.8
40.8
40.6
41.5
40.1

39.9
40.4
40.0
40*5
40.8

39.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.6

5.28
5.39
6.04
6.12
5.65

5.62
5.71
6.53
6.48
6.08

5.62
5.77
6.64
6.47
6.10

TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beau'mont-Port Arthur-Orange .
Corpus Christi .
Dallas-Fort Worth .-...•
El Paso
Galveston-Texas City . . . . . . . .
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

252.05
230.10
200.22
369.06
295.22
238.63
189.24
388.33
323.35
186.64
181.94
214.77
222.77

271.01
261.84
208.06
377.20
309.32
252.76
200.15
422.82
344.00
205.92
198.70
235.01
236.40

276.22
263.95
206.55
375.65
295.42
257.72
206.95
426.61
347.33
206.91
200.00
237. 12
243.32

41.8
39.0
42.6
41.8
42.6
41.5
41.5
43.1
44.6
41.2
39.9
40.6
40.8

41.0
42.3
41.2
41.0
40.7
40.9
39.4
43.5
43.6
41.6
40.8
40.8
39.4

41*6
42.3
40.9
41. 1
39. 6
41.5
38.9
43.8
43.8
41.3
40.9
41.2
39.5

6.03
5.90
4.70
8.59
6.93
5.75
4.56
9.01
7.25
4.53
4.56
5.29
5.46

6.61
6.19
5.05
9.20
7.60
6.18
5.08
9.72
7.8S
4.95
4.87
5.76
6.00

6.64
6.24
5.05
9.14
7.46
6.21
5.32
9.74
7.93
5.01
4.89
5.77
6.16

UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden

240.13
230.87

252.29
237.78

260.69
24 9.05

40.7
41.3

36.4
36.6

39-8
40.3

5.90
5.59

6.57
6.16

6.55
6.18

VERMONT
Burlington
Springfield ':

212.98
238.29
244.32

228.63
249.78
270.94

231.99
249.64
26 2.03

40.8
42.4
41.2

40.9
41.7
42.4

40.7
41.4
41*2

5.22
5.62
5.93

5.59
5.99
6.39

5.70
6.03
6.36

VIRGINIA l0.
Bristol
Lynchburg
Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth
Northern Virginia .\\
. .
Potorsburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell.

214.24
183.38
226.68
235.01
247.66
249.85

228.97
202.17
236.12
256.25
259.07
297.43

234.32
211.07
233.16
266.50
259.62
286.24

40.5
37.5
41.9
39.9
40.8
39.1

40.1
37.3
40.5
41.0
38.9
40.8

40.4
38.8
40.2
41.0
39.1
39.7

5.29
4.89
5.41
5.89
6.07
6.39

5.71
5.42
5.83
6.25
6.J66
7.29

5.80
5.H4
5.80
6.50
6.64
7.21

OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tuisa

See footnotes at end of table.

140




.. .

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area

VIRGINIA—Continued
Richmond
Roanoke

N07.
1978

OCT.
1979

$272.16
191,50

$273.23
218.29

303.81
312.45
267.53
307.69

330.05
334,31
292.97
337.74

281.99
317.86
303.20
300.96
299.80

295.18
339.83
331.96
316.47
302.23

285.79
277.44
264.07
295.22
325.83
225.70
275.24
315.13
297.48

232.56
278.40
(*)

WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

...

WEST V I R G I N I A
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

WISCONSIN
Appleton—Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay

.

....'....

Kenosha^
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
WYOMING
Casper
Cheyenne

NOV.
1979P

HOT.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

$277.55
221.24

42.0
40.4

40.3
40.5

40.4
41.2

$6.48
4.74

$6.78
5.3S

$6.87
5.37

39.0
39.5
39.4
39.6

38.2
39.1
37.9
39.0

(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)

7.79
7.91
6.79
7.77

8.64
8.55
7.73
8.66

(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)

295. 50
341.13
334.11
324.43
308.51

40.4
42.1
40.0
41.8
40.9

39.2
41.8
39.1
41.1
39.2

39.4
41.5
39.4
41.7
39.3

6.98
7.55
7.58
7.20
7.33

7.53
8.13
8.49
7.70
7.71

7.50
6.22
8.48
7.78
7.85

306.64
300.48
315.75
315.36
357.76
255.34
298.04
335,96
337.89

305,39
298.22
303.81
312.58
353.58
25 8.08
315.75
333.25
333.14

41.1
42.0
39.4
42.7
40.2
40.1
39.4
41.4
40.6

40.9
41.5
42.2
42.1
40.2
39.8
39.3
41.0
42.6

40.5
40.9
40.5
41.8
39.7
40.3
39.8
40.6
41.7

6.95
6.61
6.71
6.91
8.10
5.62
6.98
7.60
7-33

7.50
7.24
7.48
7.49
8.90
6.42
7.59
8.19
7.S3

7.55
7.29
7.50
7.48
8.91
6.41
7.94
8.21
7.9 9

247.88
322. 1X)

25 9.67
321.64
(*)

38.0
38.4
(•)

37.5
38.3
<*)

38.3
38.2

6.12
7.25
(*)

6.61
6.41
(*)

6.78
8.42
(*)

(•)

Data for 1979 not strictly comparable with earlier years.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolian Statistical Area:
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
8

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

(•)
(•)
(*)
(•)

9
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: L u zerne County.
10
Revised t o December 1978 benchmark; not strictly comparable w i t h previously
published data.
11
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.

p=preliminary.
#
Not available.

Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lack-

awanna County.




SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
[Per 100 employees]

Annual
average

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

July

Aug.

Sept

6.6

5. 1

5.6

5.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
5.4

4.4
4.0
4.7
5.2
4.9

5. 1
5.3
6.1
6.3
5.5

5.9
4.7
4.8
5.4
5.8
4.9

4.5
A Q
4. 8
4.9
4.9

4.6

5.2

4.6

A 7

C

A

4.3
4.4
4.3

5.3
5.4
4.9

4.6
4.9
4.4

3.9
4.3

3.9
3.0
~) n
3.5
4. 1
3.7
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
3. 1

4.3
3.5

4.8
3.4

4.0
2.7

2.8
1.9

2. 1

4.5

4.3
4.8
3.9

3.9
4.4
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5

2.9

2. 1
2. 0
.0

1. 1

1. 1

.7

.7

1.0
.9
.9

.8
.8
.7
.8

.7

.9

.6
.6
.7

.6
.5
P. 6

. 5

6.2
5.6
5.5

6.6
6.0
5.3

5. 5
6.5

5. 5 -

5.4
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.0
5,1

4.3
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.2
5.0

5.2

4. 1

3.5
3.4
3.4

3.4
3.5
3.4
3.4

June

May

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Total accessions

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

4.7
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.2
3.7

. . . .

4.0

4. 1
-

4.6
4.0
3.5

4. 1
4.7
4.2
2.9
3.7
3.8
4.0

3.9
3.6
3. 1
3.7
4.1
3. 7
2.7
3.7
3.2
3.4

4.4
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.5

4. 1
3.2
4.0
3.8
3.8

4.5
3.7
3.6

4. 1
4.6
4.5
3.7
3.8
4.0

3.9

4.8
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.4

5. 1
4.0
4.6
4.7
4.7

4.8

1

5.0
3.8
3.9
4.8
5.2
3.8
3.7

A

4. 1

3.6
3.0
3.3
3.7
3.8
2.4

2.9
2.4

2.8

2.2

7

Q

7 7

3.
1
3.3

2.4
2.4

c. y
P

2. 5
2.7
2.6
1.8

2.9

New hires

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

.

. .

3.7
2.8

3.3
2.9

3.0
2.5

2. D

2. 0
2.6

1

3.3
3.9
3.2
2.0
2.6
2.8
3. 1

3.5
3.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.8

1. O9
2.5
3.2
2.8
1.2
2.1

2. 1
2.2
2.5

3.4
2.6

3.5
2.6

5.4
3.9

3.8

2.8

"> n

2.8
3.5

3. 1
1.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8

2.9
3.7
3.3
1.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.9

4.2
5.0
4.3
2.5
3.6
3.7
3.9

3.7
4.5
4.0
2.0

3. 1
3.5
3.6
3.6

3.8 '

5. 1
4.2
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.2

3. 7

3. 1
3.2
3.5
3.9
3.4

3. 1

3. 1

p

1.7
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.6

.4

L. 3

.3
L.6
L. 7

2. 1

Recalls

1976
1977
1978
1979

1. 0
.9

.

.7

1.4
1.2
1.0

.9

. . .

1.0
1.3
.7
.7

1.2

1. 1
.8
.7

1.0
.9
.8
.7

1.0
.8
.8
.8

.9
.8
.7
.7

.8
.9

.6

Total separations

4.9
4.8
4.2
4.3
4.7
4.9
4.2
3.8
3.8
3.9
-

1969
1970 .
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .
1977
1978
1979

4.0
4.3
3.5
3.5

4.5
4.8
3.9
3.8
4.2

4.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
4.4

4.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.5

4.3

3.8

4.4
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.3

5.0

4.1

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.2

6. 1

4.5
3.0
3.4

4.2
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6

4.0
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.6

3.9

3.7
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.9

4.5
4.8
4.2

4. 1

3.7
3.9
3.6
3.8

3. 1
3.2

3.4
3.5
3.7
3.8

5.3
5.3
4.8
4.8
5.2
4.9
4.4
4.3
4.3
4. 1
4. 3

6.2
4.7
4.9

5. 1
5.3
5.7

5.8
5.5
4.4
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.7

4.1
3.8

4. 1
4.2

P

3. 5
3.8

4.2
4. 1

3.8
3.7
4.0

Quits

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

2.7

2.3

2. 1

2. 1

2. 1
1. 5

1.9
1.3

1.7
2.3
2-2

1.6
2. 1

L. 1
]L. 3
]L . 4
L. 5
L. 8

1.8
2.3
2.8
2.4
1.4

.

1.7
1.8
2. 1
.. .

2.4
2.0
1.5
1.9

2.6
2.1
1.6
2.0

2.7
2.1
1.7
2.2
2.8

2.6

2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8

2. 5
2. 3

2. 5
2.4

2. 7

.9
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.0

1.3

1.4

1.6
1.6
1.8

1. 1
1.7
1.7
2.0

1.6

1.9

2.0

1.7
1.9
2. 1
2. 1

1.8
1.9
2.2
2. 1

2.0

2. 5

4.4
3.3
2.9
3.5
4.0
3.3

1.1
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1. 5
1.9
1.9
2. I
2.. 0

4.0
3.0
2.8
3.6
4.6
4.0
2.5

2.8
3.1
3. 5
3. 3

2. 1
2.5
2.8
3. 1
' 2.7

1.6

1. 1

1. 1

2.3
2. 1
1.7
1.4
1.4
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.4

1.7
1.8

1.7
1.5

.9

.9

.8

.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.1
.8

3.0

2. 1

2. 1

2.2
1.6

1.4
1.5
2.0
2.3
1.4
1.2

1.7
1.9
2.3
2. 1

1.2
1. 5
1. 7
Pi. 5

I. 0
L.2
1. 3

1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.8
1.6
1.5

1.3
2.1

1.8
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.4

2.0
2.5

3. 1

1.6
1.2
1.2
1.6
L.6
U 0

.9

Layoffs

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1.2
1.8
. .

(^preliminary.

142



1.6
1. 1
.9
1.5

2. 1
1.3

1. 1
.9

]1.2
]L. 7
L. 9
L. 5
L. 1

1.8
4.0
1.6
1.7
1.2
1. 1

1.0
1.5
1.4

1.0
1.6
1.4

1. 1

1. 1
.8

.8
1.3
2.9
1.0
1.4

2.5

.9

.9

.8

.8

1. 1
1. 1
1.0

.9
1.7
1.4
1.0
.7

.9
2. 1
1. 1
.9
.8
.9

.9
1.5
1.2
.9

.7
.8
1.8

.9
.8
.7
.7

1.0
1.5
1.2
1. 1
.7
.8
1.6

.9
.8
.7
.8

1. 1
1.3

1. 1
1.0
.8
1.3

1. 1

1. 1
.9
1. 2

1. 5
1.0

1. 1
2.8
1.7
1.5

1. 1
D
p

U 0

l. 5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry
Separation rates
1972
SIC
Code

Nov.
1979P

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979,JP

2. 1

1.5

1.2

1.5

3.5

1.7

1.3

1.0

1.4

5.0

4.2

2.7

1.9

1.5

1.6

.5
.4
.3
.7
.8
.6
.5
.6
.3

6.4
4.6
4. 1
6.4
7.0
8.6
13.3
14. 1
5.7

6.5

3.5
2.8
2.6
3. 1
3.0
6. 1
6.8
7.8
3.0

2.4

1.8
.8
.7
2.0
3.0
1.3
4.5
4. 1
1.5

3.0

3.3

.5
.5
.1
.4
.3
.4
.5

5.2
5.6
5.6
5.0
6.6
2.9
5.6

4.6

3.2
3.7
4.0
3.3
4.2
1.8
2.7

2.4

.7
.5
.2
.5
.7
.3
1.5

1.0

2.8
1.2
1.2
1.3
2.7
1. 1
4. 1
3.9
4. 1
2.3

1.9

.5
.7
.7
.6
1.3
.2
.5
.6
.4
.3

4.2
3.6
3.5
3.8
4.9
1.2
5*0
4.0
5.6
3.2

4.4

1.9
1.0
1.2
.7
2.2
.4
3.4
2.3
2.9
1.2

1.5

1.4
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.6
.3
.6
.4
1.8
1.2

2.2

1.5
.5
.3
2.6
2.4
2.8
.9
1.5
1.6
.4
1.4
4.0
4.0

1. 1

.7
.9
1.0
.6
.7
.3
. 1
.3
.6
.4
. 1
1.3
1.3

3.5
3.7
3.7
4.6
5.2
3.3
.9
2. 0
2. 1
2.0
1.4
5.5
5.4

3.2

.7

1.7
2.5
2.6
1.8
2.4
.5
.2
.6
.5
1.5
.2
1.9
2. 0

1.9

3.5
1.5
1.2
3.0
3.3
2.7
4. 1
4.4
4.3
6. 1
2.5
5. 1
3.6
4.0
3. 1
2. 1
1.9
1.0
3. 1
5.7
1.9
3.3
2.4
5.5

2.3

.7
1.4
1.7
1.2
.2
2.0
.4
.4
.6
.4
.3
.6
.5
.3
.6
1.4
1.5
2.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
.2
.4

4.4
6.9
7.4
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
5.0
5.2
7.2
2.9
5. 1
3.9
4.3
3.4
4.2
2.6
5.5
3.8
5.7
1.8
3.7
2.5
5.6

3.9

1. 5

1.4
5. 1
5.9
1. 1
.9
1.3
.4
1.3
1,3
1.6
.6
1.3

1.6

Nov.
1979P

Oct.
1979

3. 1

2. 1

2.6

2.8

4.7

3.4

5. 1
4.0
3.5
4.7
4.3
8.0
8.9
10.3
5. 1

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee

Nov.
1979P

Oct.
1979

Nov..
1979 P

0.7

0.6

4.2

3.8

1.9

.6

.5

3.6

3.6

2.5

.8

.7

3.2

4.4
3.5
3.0
3.8
3.4
7. 1
8.3
9.6
4. 5

2.5

5.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
6.3
3.6
5.5

4.0

4.8
5.3
5.6
4.4
6.0
3. 1
5.0

3.5
2.3
2. 1
2.5
4. 1
1.4
4.7
4.6
4.6
2.7

2.7

2.6
1.7
1.6
3.6
3.7
3.2
1.2
2. 5
2.2
.8
3.0
5.6
5.7

2.0

4.4
3.5
3.5
4.2
3.6
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.9
6.6
3.0
5.7
4. 1
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.7
4. 1
3.7
6.4
2.6
3.8
2.8
6. 1

2.9

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979F

4. 1

2.9

DURABLE GOODS

3.7

NONDURABLE GOODS

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,

Layoffs

Quits

Total

Recalls

Total
Industry

Oct.
1979

Oct.
1979

32-3S
20-23,
26-3
DURABLE GOODS
24

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS

242
2421
243
2431
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
32
322
3221
3229
323
324
325

Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members . . . .
Millwork
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products

326
327

Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products

329

Misc. nonmetallic mineral products

33
331
3312
332
3321
3325
333
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452

Pottery and related products

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

346
3462
3465
3469
347

Metal forgings and stampings

348
349

Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

3494
3496

,
,
,

Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee

,

,

.4
.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
.4
.8
.9
.2
.7
2.4
2.4
2. 1
1.0
.7
1.8
1.9
1.7
2. 1
2.7
2.5
4.4
1.5
2.7
2.2
2.8
1.7
1.3

1.9
3.5
.8
2.0
1.2
3.4

.4
.8
2. 0
1.0
3.9
1.0
.9
.5
.8
.6
1.0

See footnotes at end of table.




143

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Accession rates
1972
SIC
Code

Total

Separation rates

New hires

Layoffs

Total

Industry

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
356
3561
3562
3564
357
3573
358
3585
359

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets . . .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metaiworking machinery
•
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures . . .
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment . .
Misc. machinery, except electrical

3.0
2.8
2.0
3.2
4.2
3,9
2.5
1.7
3.4
3.0
2.3
3.3
3.0
2.6
2.5
3.4
2.7
2.2
2.2
3.8
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.0

2.3

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3694

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT .
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . ..
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
'ndustrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment ,
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment

3.3
3.2
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.4
2.6
3.9
3.3
1.7
5.4
3.3
2.3
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.5
1.5
2.9
4.6
3.3
3.8
5.2
2.6
1.9

2.5

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories .
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts . . .
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missites, space vehicles, parts . . .
Guided missiles and space vehicles . . .
Miscellaneous transportation equipment

3.5
3.5
4.3
2.9
2.7
3.7
2.2
1.5
2.2
4.3
7. 1
7.4
6. 1
3.4
2.4
2.3
7.7

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity

3. 1
2.9
3.3
3.7
3.6
3.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Digitized for144
FRASER



2.5

Oct.
1979

2.5
1.6
.8
1.9
3.4
3.0
2. 1
1. 1
3.3
2.6
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.9
2. 1
1.9
1.5
3.3
2.4
2.5
2.2
1.9
3.4
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.8
1.6
2.0
2.5
.8
.7
4.4
2.6
1.6
2.7
1.7
1.2
2.0
1.2
2.3
4.0
2.7
3.3
4.7
2.0
1. 1
2. 1
1.4
1.6
2.6
1.0
2.8
1.9
1.2
1.7
3.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
1.6
1.9
1.8
5.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.4

Nov.
1979P

1.8

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

Oct.
1979

0. 3
1
1
1
4
4
2
3

0.2

Nov.
1979P

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

2.7
3.0
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.3
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.6
1,6
3.5
2.4
2.0
2.1
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.4
3.0
2.4
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.5

2.4

1.3
.7
.4
.9
1.8
1.6
1.1
.7
1.6
1.3
.9
1.6
1.4
1. 1
1.2
1.4
1. 1
1.2
1. 1
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
2.0

1.0

2.8

1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.8

1.3

3
1
4
# 3
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
.5

3. 1
3.2
3.6
2.9
2.8
3. 1
2.5
3.7
4.0
2.8
4.4
3.4
2.0
2.6
4.3
4.0
1.9
1.0
2.4
3.6
2.1
2.7
4.2
3.2
3.0

1. 1
1. 5
2. 0
m3
1. 2
# 7
# 1
1
1
.2
2. 2
2. 5
1. 2
1. 0
#2
2
1. 6

2.9
3. 1
2.8
3.4
3. 1
4.7
1.4
.8
1.3
2.9
7.0
6.6
8.2
3.0
1.4
1.1
5.8

2
•1
3
3
# 8
1

2.7
1.9
2.4
2.5
2. 1
2.3

3
1
4
2
2
#2
m3
u3
m2
9 1
.4
1
1
5

#

#

6
5

1.9

3
3
2
3
7
1. 1
2

6
8
3

6

2.0

#

.9

.7
3. 1
1.6
.7
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.1
.6
1.3
2.4
1.3
1.7
3.0
1.2
1.7

0.6

.7

.4
.3
.2
.2
.2

.9
.7
2.0
.8
2.2
.7
.5

.6
1.7
2.9
2.7
3.8
.7
.7

2.3

0.5
.8
.7
.8
.6
.6
.6
1. 1
.1
.5
.1
.9
.2
.3
.4
.7
.6
.4
.8
.7
.2
.1
.8
1.0
.7
.5
.4
.6
.3
.7
1. 1
.3
.6
1.3
1. 1
.1
.7
.4
.4
1.4
1.3
.3

Nov.
197 9 P

(M

1.1

.5
3.5
1.6
1.3
1, 5
1.3
1.3
1.6

Oct.
1979

1.1

1.2
1.6
.9
1.2
1.0
.5
1.5
1. 1
.1
(l)
. 1.3
2.5
2.2
3.3
1.0
.3
.2
1.0
.5
.2
.3
.4
.2
.1

.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry-Continued
Separation rates

1972
SIC
Code

Total

Oct.
1979

383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
39
391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

Nov.
I979I

3.3
4.0
4.9
3.6
4.6
1.2
3.3

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures

New hires

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

3. 1
3.7
4.6
3.3
3.5
1. 1
2.2

Total

Recalls

Oct.
1979

Nov.
19791

Oct.
1979

Nov.
I979P

2.3
3. 1
3.6
2.9
4. 1
1.7
7.3

i )
! 1
.2
.5

r.7)

Layoffs

Nov.
19791

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

0. 1
.4
.2
.5
.9
.2
3.9

1.8
2.0
2.6
1.6
2.5
1.0
1.8

6.2
5.9
4.6
9.4
12.0
6.3
3.8
6.2
4.3

3.4

5.2
4.7
3.5
8.2
11.4
4.5
3.4
5. 1
3.6

2.7

.7
.9
.6
.9
.4
1.4
. 1
1.0
.6

0.6

6.2
4.5
3.9
9.2
13.0
4.9
4.0
7.7
4.6

6.5

3.4
2.6
2.5
5.0
7. 1
2.6
2.3
4.6
2.2

2.5

1.5
.9
.3
2.0
3. 1
.8
.5
1.7
1.5

3. 1

6.5
7.6
4.9
4.4
12.3
3.2
10.2
4.5
3. 1
3.0
3.7
. 11.3
8.7
3.7
2.8
3.8
7.7

4.6

4.9
6.5
3.7
3.2
11.0
2.7
7. 1
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.5
6.7
5.7
2.9
.9
3.6
6.2

3.2

1.3
.7
.8
1.0
.6
.4
2.9
1.0
.4
.2
1.0
4.3
2.8
.7
1.6
.2
1.3

1.2

8.3
7. 1
4. 1
4.6
12.2
4. 1
23.4
5.0
3.5
3.2
4.7
6.7
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.9
8.3

6.0

4.0
5.3
2. 1
2.4

2.5

2.7

8.0
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.5
1.9
2. 1
.3
3. 1
4.9

3.3
.8
1. 1
1. 1
.2
1. 1
13.9
1.8
.9
.6
2.3
3.2
.9
1.4
3.2
.8
2.5

1.2
.1

2.6
1. C

NONDURABLE GOODS

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
203
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

2.9
1.6

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
227
228
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

5. 1
4.6
4.5
5.5
4.6
5.8
6.5
6.7
6.0
4. 1
5.8
4.4
5.3
6. 1
3.6

3.7

4. 1
3.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
4.7
5.7
6. 1
4.7
3.6
4.6
3.4
4.2
4.9
2.7

3.0

.6
.2
.3
.9
1. 1
.8
.6
.4
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.8
.9
.6

.5

4.9
4.7
4.5
6.0
4. 1
5.4
5.0
5.4
5.4
4. 1
6.3
3.8
4.2
6.2
4.2

4. 1

3. 1
2.9
3.0
3. 6
2.9
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.4
2.6
3.0
2.4
2.9
4.3
1.9

2.4

.7
.5
.3
1.5
.5
1.2
.3
.4
1.0
.9
2. 0
.5
.5
.5
1. 1

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
234
2341
2342
236
238
239

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products

6. 1
3.2
6.1
5.3
5.7
7.4
6.4
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.5
6.2
7.0

4.5

4.5
2.0
5.0
4.2
5.0
6.4
3.9
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.3
5.0
5.6

3.0

1.5
.8
.9
.9
.5
.9
2.4
.0
.0
.7
. 1
.1
.2

1.2

6. 1
6.4
6.2
5.5
5.2
7.4
5.8
5.8
6.2
4.3
5.4
6.4
6.7

5.7

3.4
1.8
4.4
4. 1
4.3
5.4
2.7
3.5
3.9
2.0
3.2
3.5
3.8

2.6

1.8
4.0
.8
.6
.4
.3
2.4
1.3
1.4
.9
1.5
1.9
1.8

2.4

26
261,2,6
262

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper

2.9
1.4
• 1.3

1.9

2.2
1. 1
1.0

1.4

.4
.2
.2

.4

2.8
1.3
1.3

2.6

1.3
.5
.5

.7
.3
.3

1.0

.7
.4

1.6
.7

L0. 8
2.3

4.7
2. 1

i
See footnotes at end of table.




145

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Separation rates

Accession rates
Total

1972
Code

27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752

Oct.
1979
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
Paperboard mills

28

Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic

,

,
,

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

281

Industrial inorganic chemicals

2819
282

Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee

,

Plastics materials and synthetics

2821

Plastics materials and resins

2824

Organic fibers, noncellulosic

283

Drugs

2834

Pharmaceutical preparations

284

,

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods

2841

Soap and other detergents

,

2844

Toilet preparations

,

285

Industrial organic chemicals

287

Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . .

306
307
31
311

Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber

314
3143

,

Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic

3144

Oct.
1979

Nov.
19791"

1. 1
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.6

Total

Layoff*

Quits

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979 P

Oct.
1979

Nov.. P
1979

1.6
3.4
3.9
3.9
3.2

0. 1
.6
.6
.6
.3

Oct.
1979

3. 1

3.4
3.8
3.9
2.7
3.3
2.9
2.6
3. 1
4.2

2.6

.4
.1
.2
.9
.5
.4
.5
.5
.3

0.5

3.4
3.5
2.9
2.7
3.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.7

2.9

1.7
1.4
1.3
1. 1
1.3
.6
1.7
1.8
2.3

1.4

1.4
1. 1
1. 1
.8
1.2
.4
1.4
1.6
1.9
.7
2.5
1.8
1.0
2.4
1.8

1.0

.2

.2

1.7
1.0
.8
1.2
1.6
.9
1.4
1.5
3.2
2.0
4.2
2.7
1.0
2.2
2.0

1.4

. 1

2.0
1.3
5.2

1.9

.8
.4
2.7

.6

5.3
2.2
9.2

5. 1

2.8
.5
6.0

.9
3.2

.2
.2
.3
.1
.5
.2
.1
.5
.6

2.3
1.8
4.5

1.5

2. 1
1.6
4.3

1.3

4.9
1.5
10.2

3.5

3.9
.7
7.8

2.5

2.2
3.4
6.0

1.7
2.0
5. 1

. 1
.1
.1
.7
.4
1.5

2.2
2.9
2.2
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.8
1.6
2.7

Oct.
1979

Nov.
1979P

0.2
.7
1.3
1.7
.7
1.8

.5
.1
.1
.6
.9
.8
.7
.8
1.3

0.5

.4
.1
.1
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
1. 1
1. 1
1.7
.7
.1
.4
.5

.5
.4
.6
.7
.4
.7
.8

1.3
.5
1.6
1.4
.5
.9
1.0

2.3
4.5
6. 1

.4
.9
.6

Nov.
1979 P

0.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.6

3.8
4. 1
4. 1
3.8
3.9
3.4
3. 1
3.7
4.6

2. 1
1.3
2.9
2.5

Paints and allied products

286

Nov.
1979 1

1.9
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.0

Misc. converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes

Blankbooks and bookbinding

278

New hires

Industry

SIC

263
264
265
2651
2653

Recalls

.6
.5

1.4
2. 1

1.2
1.7
3.6

1.2
.9
.5

2. 1

.4
1.7
1.2

7.2
6.7
7.3
6.0
7.7

5. 1

5.6
4.2
5.5
5.2
5.0

3.7

1.2
2.3
1.3
.5
1.8

1.0

7.2
6.4
7.4
6.7
7.8

6.7

4.5
3.2
4.8
4.8
4.5

3.0

1.6
2.3
1.7
1.0
2.3

4.7

4.3

3.8

3.3

.5

.8

4.5

4.3

2.8

2.8

.9

3.2
1.7
2.3

2.6

2.6
.8
2.0

2.0

.3
.6
.2

_.4

3. 1
1.8
1. 1

2. 1

1.3
.3
.6

_. 8

1. 1
.8

.6

1.3

1.4

.8

.7

.3

.5

2.7

1.3

.7

.7

1.6

.3

7.2

6.6

6.0

5.4

.8

1.0

6.0

.6.1

4.6

4.6

.3

.5

2.7

NONMANUFACTURING:
MINING
10

METAL MINING

101

Iron ores

102
Copper ores
12
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING
13
131.2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

138

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS

14

Crushed and broken stone

142
144

.

Sand and gravel

2.4
10.5
3.0
2.3
2.6

.3
1- 1

1.9
8.9
2.8

2.6
2.0
2.2

1.8

.2
.2
.2

.8
7.2

1.6
9. 1
.5

3.9
3.6
5.7

5,4

1.7
1.7
1.9

.1
.5

1.4

1.2
1.4
1.9

COMMUNICATION:
Telephone communication

481

Less than 0.05.

146



.9

.7

.8
p-preliminary.

.4

.1

3^3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
D-3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
[Per 100 employees]

Yew

Jen.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Jury

Aug.

Sept

4.7
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.9

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Tom eocenhms

4.9
4.4
3.8
4.3
5.0
4.7
3.0
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.3

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

4.8
4.4
3.7
4.3
5.2
4.6
3.1

4.9
4.0
3.7
4.4

5. 1

4. 1

4.5
3.2
4.2

4.4

4. 1

3.9

4.0
4.0

4.2

4.9
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.9
4.6
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.9

4.7

5.0

4.7

4.5

4. 1

4. 1

4. 1

3.9

3.8
4.4
4.8
4.5
3.6
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

3.8
4.3
4.7
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.0

3.8
4.3
4.6
4.3

4.0
4.5
4.6

4. 1

4.0
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.7

3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9

4. 5

4. 1

4.6
3.8
3.9
4.6
4.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.3

3.8

4. 1

3.5
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.7

3.7
2.6
2.6
3.4
3.8
3.0
2.4
2.8
3.1
2.8

3.6
2.5
2.5
3.6
3.9
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.9
3.3
2.9

^2.8

4.9
4.8
4.6
4.2

4.9
4.8

5.0
5.0

4.9
4.7

4.9
4.4

4. 1
4. 1
4.7
4.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9

4. 1

4. 1

4.3

4.4

4.6
4.8
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.3

4. 3
4. 3
4.5
4.4
3. 9
3.9
3. 9
3.7
3.9

4.8
5.2
3.8
3.7
3.8

4.8
4.9
3. 5
3.7
3. 9

2. 7
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2. 1
1.9

2. 7
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.9
2. 1
1.9

2. 7
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.9
2.0
1. 5
1.6
1.9
2.2
2. 0

1.2
1.9

1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.8

4. 1

3.7
4.0

4. 7
5.0
3.3
3.8
3.8
P

4.6
3.8
4.2
4.9
4.7

3. 1
3.8
3.9

4. 1

4. 3

4.4

4.5

3.9

New hires

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

.

3.7
3.3
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.8
1.6
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.3

3.8
3.2
2.4

3. 1

3.9
2.9
2.4
3.2

4.2

4. 1

3. 7
1.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.3

3.6
1.5
2.9

2.9
3.0
3.1

3.8
2.8
2.5
3.2
4.0
3.5
1.7
2.8
2.9

3. 1
3.0

3.7
2.7
2.5
3.3
4.0
3.5
1.8
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.0

3.7
2.8

3.9
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.8
3.3
1.9
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.0

2.6
3.2
3.7
3.3
2.3
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.8

2. 5

3. 5
2.4
2.7
3.7

4. 1
2.3
2.4

2. 5
2.9
3.4

3.5
2.4

£. 9
4.0
3.8
1.9
2.5
2.6
3.2
3.5

Total separations

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

4.6
5.0
4.3
4.2

4.6
5.1
5.2
3.6
3.9
3.7
4. 1

4.9
5.2

4. 1
4. 1
4.7
5.0
5. 1
3.6
4. 1
3.9
4.0

4.9
4.9
4.0
4.2

4.8
5.2
4.2

4.8
5.0
4.2
4.2

4.8
4.9
4.6
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9

4.6
4.7
4.6
3.9
3.7
4.0
3.9

4.6
4.6
4.6
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0

4. 1

5.0
4.8

4.8

4. 1
4. 5
4.7
4.5
4.3
3.9
3.7
4.0
4. 1

4.2

4. 5
4. 5
4.9
4.5
4.0
4.0
4. 0
3.8
4.0

P

4.0

4. 1

Quits

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

2. 7
2.4
1.8
2. 1
2.8
2.7
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2f 3

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.5
1.7
2. 1
2.9
2.8
1.3
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2

2.3
1.7
2.2
2.9
2.7
1.2
1.8
1.8
2.0
2. 1

2.3
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.2
1.8
1.8
2.1
2. 1

2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.3
1.7
1.9
2. 1
2.0

2.2
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.5
1.4
1.7
1.8
2. 1
2.0

2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9

2. 7
1.8
1.9
2. 5
2.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.9

pf;f

2. 6
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.7
1.7
1. 5
1.7
2.0
2.2

Layoffs

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1. 1
1.5
1.7
1.2

.9
1.4
2.9
1.2
1.3
.9
.9

1. 1

1. 1

1.7
1.5
1.2
.8

1.8
1.5

1. 3
3.0
1.0

1.2
2.7
1.2

2.6
1.3

1.5
1.0
.9

1. 1
1.0
.9

1. 1
1.0
1. 1

1. 1
.9

1.0
1.9
1.5
1.2
.8

1. 1

1. 1

1. 1

1. 1

1. 1

1.9
1.6
1.2

1.9
1.5
1.4

.9
1. 1

.9
1. 1

1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2

1. 1

2.5

2.2
1.3

1.7
1.4

1.9
2.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.3

1.3
1.7
1.4

1. 1
1.0
1. 1

1.3
.8
1. 2

1.2
1.0
1.5

1. 1
.8
1.2

1. 3
1. 1
1.0
1.0

1. 7
1.0

.9

1.3
2.0
1.4

.9

1.4
1.7
1.3

2. 5
1. 5

.9
1. 1
2. 5
1. 3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1. 1
.9
1. 1

1.0

1.0
.9

1. 5

1.0

Kl

p-prelfminary.




147

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[ Per 100 employees ]
Separation rates
New hires
Quits
Total
Layoffs
Recalls
Oct. P„ S e p t . Oct.-n Sept. Oct. _ Sept. Oct. D S e p t . Oct...
Oct. .QP S e p t .
P
P
P
1979 1 9 7 9
1979 1979
1979 1979
1979 1 9 7 9
1979 P
1979 1979
Accession rates

Total

State and area

ALABAMA:
Birmingham
Mobile

Sept.
1979

....
.

ALASKA

2. 7

2.6

4.9

0.4
5. 6

4.7

14.9

2.0
1.8

0.8

7.4

9.. 8

8. 9

2 0. 2

8. 5

17. 3

7.2

1.2

.8

6. 2
6. 5

6.4

6.6

5. 5
5.7

6. 1

5.6
5.9
4.8
4.6

5. 0

1. 5

3.6
5.9

31. 1 13.2
5. 1

1. 5

1.6

1.8

1.0
2.4

2.3
6. 1

2.7

8.9

4. 3

18.8

6.6

.4
.4

.4
.4

1. 0

5.7

. 5

5.3

4.7
4.8

3.0

.6

.6
.6

3.4

6. 0

3. 5

3. 0

5.2
3.9
3. 5
2.9

4.7

.
.
.
.

5
5
2
4

.6
., 7
.5
-9

6.3
5.8
4.2
4.6

5.8
4.9
5.3
3.6

4.4

3. 7

3. 0

3.2
2.6

.9
1. 3
.5

2. 5

.8

5. 5
5. 0

5. 3
4.7

4. 9

. 2
.2

. 4
. 3

6.7

4.6

5. 6

4. 9
4. 7

3.8

3. 6
3. 5

.6
.8

.3
.3

3. 0
3.6

3. 0
2.8

2.6
3. 1

2. 5
2. 5

.2
. 1

. 3
.2

3. 1
2.8

2. 1

1. 9
2.0

1. 5
1. 3

.4
.2

.5
.3

DELAWARE
Wilmington

2. 3
1.9

1. 9
1. 7

1.4
1. 1

1. 1
.9

. 5
. 5

.3
.3

2. 1
1.9

2.4
2.4

1. 1
1.0

.8
.6

.5
.4

.8
• 9

FLORIDA

5. 5
6.4
4.0
6. 1

4.8
5.9
3.2
5. 7
3.6
1.4
5.6
7.4 "

4. 9
7. 1
2.6
5.8
5. 9
2. 1
5.2
7.6

. 5
.2
.7
. 4
1. 0

1. 2
.2
.8
.9

5.4
7.4
4. 1
5. 6

1.4

4.6
3.4

. 6
.4

1.2
1.2

5.8
9.9

5. 4
7. 6
6. 1
5. 7
5. 5
3. 3
5.6
6.6

3. 6
5.8
2. 5
3. 7
3. 0
1. 7
4.0
7.4

3. 2
5.3
1.6
3. 6
3. 9
2. 7
3.5
5. 5

.7
.4
.6
1. 0
.6
.8
.6

1. 0
1.2
3.7
1. 0
.4

1. 5
6.3
8.0

6.3
7. 3
3.5
6. 7
7. 5
2. 1
6.8
8.9

4. 3

4.6

3.3

2.9

.4

4.8
4. 1

4. 4

3.7

. 3
. 2

.4

4.3

3.7
3.4

3.9

3.9

3.7

2.4

2.0

.5
.7

.6
.9

HAWAII 3

4. 3

3.2

2.6

2. 1

1. 0

.9

3.2

3. 1

1.6

1. 1

.4

.8

IDAHO

5. 1

3.9

4. 3

3.2

. 3

.3

5. 5

5. 5

3. 5

2.6

.6

1. 5

3.7

(*)

3. 1

(*)

.3

3.9

(*)

2.4

(*)

.4

(*)

INDIANA

3. 3
5. 1

2. 7
3.2

1. 7
1.8

1.6
1.9

1. 1
2.7

.6
.6

3.4
2.8

3. 1
2.8

1. 5
1. 3

1. 1
.9

1.2
.6

1.2
.7

IOWA

3.4

3.2

2.9
3.2
1.8

2. 5

. 4

3.9
3. 1
2.9

2.3
2. 5
1.7

1.9

2.4

.7
.3
1. 1

1. 3
. 1
.6

4.8

3. 5
2.2
3.2

3. 2
1. 1
3. 1

2.8

3.6
4.4

3.3
.2

.6
1.9
. 1
1.0

ARIZONA
Phoenix

.. .

ARKANSAS
Fort Smith
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
C O L O R A D O

...

5.4
3.9
3.4

.

•

Denver—Boulder

.
. . .

CONNECTICUT
Hartford

.
.

.

.

.
....

5.7

4.8

West Palm Beach Boca Raton
GEORGIA
Atlanta

ILLINOIS:
Chicaao SMSA

.

Cedar RaDids

KANSAS
Wichita
KENTUCKY

LOUISIANA:

MAINE

MARYLAND

3.8

3.8

3. 1

2.2

7. 2
2. 1

6.6
3. 5

6.2

5.8

. 9

.3
.3
.3

3.6

1. 5

4.6
1.8
5. 6

4. 4

2.4
. 2
.4

2. 0
1. 3
.4

7. 3
6. 0
4. 5

2.2
5.0

3.9

3. 3

5. 1

1.7

1.4

.2

1. 4
.6

.5

3.8

2. 5
1.4

2. 5
1. 0

. 7
. 3

.8

5.4

3.8

2.0

.5

2.9

2. 2

2. 1
1.4

1.8

2. 2

.8

.4

.4

5. 1

4.7

4.2

4. 2

. 7

.4

4.9

5.4

2.8

2. 7

1.0

1. 3

6. 1
5. 5

4.9

4.6

4.0

3. 5

.7
.4

7.8
7.2

5.9
5.3

3.2
3.0

2.4

4.9

1.2
.2

4. 3

4. 1

1.9
1.6

3. 0

3.0

.6

2.8

1.6
1. 3

1. 0

.8
.7

1.2

.7

3.2
2.8

1.2

1.8

.7
.7

3.3

2. 7

2.2
1.8

2. 1

2.7

(*)"
(*)

3.8
2.8

(*)
(*)

. 5
.3

(*)
(*)

4.4
3.6

(*)
(*)

2,9
2.4

(*)'
(*)

.7
.5

(*)
(*)

1.
1.
2.
2.
.

1. 1

1.4

1.2

1. 9
• 3
.6
.8

5. 1
4. 3

.9
.7

3.4

3.6
2.8
2.6

1.4

.8
.8

4.0
1. 6

2. 7
1. 0

MICHIGAN

3. 5

2.8

1.9

Flint

3.9
2.9

2.2

3.0
1.6

3. 3
.7




(*)

2.8

2.6
2.6

3.8

4.6
3. 3

148

4.0
3.7

2. 7

MASSACHUSETTS

See footnotes at end of table.

4. 1

6
3
3
0
6

1. 7
.3

.9
1. 1
. 5
. 4

4.6

1. 3
.5
1. 7
.5

. 4
1.2
. 2

1. 5

1.0

2.8

1.8

2. 0
2. 1
.9
.4

1.6

1. 0
.8
.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
Total

Separat on rates

New hires

Quits

Total

Recalls

Layoffs

5.2

(*)

4.6

4. 4

(*)

3.9

Oct. _ Sept. Oct. P Sept.
I979P 19?9 1979 1979
.4
5.4
(*)
(*)
4. 3
.3
(*)
(*)

4.7

5. 7

3.9

4. 9

.5

.6

4.8

4. 1

3.2

2. 6

.6

.7

3.2
3. 1
2. 5

3.0
5. 3
2. 1

2. 5
2. 7
1.8

2.3
2. 5
1. 5

.5
.3
.6

.5
2. 7
.4

3.8
3.4
3. 1

3. 5
3.4
2.8

2. 0
2. 3
1. 2

1. 7
1.9
1. 0

1. 0
.3
1. 1

1. 1
.7
1. 1

MONTANA

3.3

4.4

2.9

4.0

.2

.3

4. 7

2.8

3. 0

1. 7

.7

.7

NEBRASKA

4. 7

4. 5

4. 3

4.2

.2

.2

4. 2

4. 3

3. 2

3. 0

3

5

8. 1

8.6

7.3

8.2

.2

.2

6. 5

7.9

4. 9

5. 5

.3

.7

5.8

5.8

5.2

5. 1

.3

.5

6. 0

5. 3

4. 7

3. 9

.4

. 6

1 0
1. 1

Sept.
1979
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis—St Paul

Oct.-, Sept.

I979P 1979

O c t . .P, Sept. O c t . pP Sept.
1979 1979 1979 1979
.5
4. 1
(*)
(*)
3.2
.5
(*)
(*)

1979 P
(*)

(*)

MISSISSIPPI:
Jackson
MISSOURI
Kansas City

.

..

...

St. Louis

NEVADA

..

.

.

.

.

NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY:
Camden 7
Hackensack
Jersey City
Newark
New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville

..

Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton

NEW YORK
Albany—Schenectady—Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
.
Elrnira
Monroe County

.

.

..
.

Nassau Suffolk 9
New York and Nassau-Suffolk
New York SMSA 9 . .
New York City 1 0
Rochester

..

Syracuse

.

Utica—Rome
Westchester County
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte—Gastonia

.
.

Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point
NORTH DAKOTA

.

. .

Fargo—Moorhead
OHIO
Akron

4.0

3. 7

2.8

4. 8
3. 3
3.9
4. 1
4.3
4. 0

4.2

3. 3
3. 5
3.6
3. 9
2. 5

3. 5
2.8
2.8
3. 5
3. 1
2.3

2. 9
3. 7
2. 7
3. 0
2.9
3. 0
1.7

1. 0
1. 2
.4
1.0
.5
.9
1.4

.4
. 3
.5
.4
.6
.8
.5

3. 5
4. 8
3.4
3. 7
5.4
4. 4
3.2

3. 4
4. 1
3. 0
3.4
3.8
4. 2
3.8

1. 9
2. 6
1. 7
1.8
2.8
2. 2
1.4

1. 3
2. 0
1.4
1.6
1.8
1. 9
1. 0

.5
.9
1. 0
1. 0
1. 1
1. 3
1.0

4. 3
2.9
2.6
3.7
1.7
2.6
5.2
5.0
5.0
5.3
3.7
2. 7
2.6
2.9

3.8
2. 5
2.2
2.6
2.7
1.9
5.6
4.8
4. 5
4.8
2.6
2. 5
2. 7
2.8

2.8
1.7
2.0
1. 7
1. 1
1. 5
4.4
3.4
3. 1
3.2
2.3
1.6
2. 0
2.4

2. 5
1. 5
1.6
1.4
1.9
1. 5
4.6
3.3
2.9
3. 0
1.9
1. 5
2. 0
2.4

1. 3
.5
.4
1. 8
.3
1. 1
.6
1. 5
1.8
2. 0
1.3
.9
.5
.3

1. 1
.3
.2
.9
.4
.3
.9
1.4
1. 5
1.7
.5
.8
.5
.3

4.3
3. 5
3. 1
3. 3
3.9
3.8
5.6
4.7
4.4
4. 7
4. 5
3. 7
2. 5
3. 3

3.9
4. 1
2. 5
4. 2
3. 1
1.9
4.4
4. 3
4.3
4.6
2.9
2.8
2.6
2. 9

2. 1
1. 3
1.8
1. 2
1.8
2.6
3.8
2. 1
1.7
1. 7
3. 1
1. 5
1. 3
1. 6

1.4
.9
1.4
.6
.9
1. 0
2.8
1. 7
1.4
1.4
1. 5
1. 0
1. 3
1.4

1.4
1. 0
.5
1. 4
.8
.6
.7
1.6
1.9
2. 1
.8
1. 5
.4
.7

4.9

4. 7

4. 0

4.2

4. 5
5. 9
4. 0

3. 3

4. 5

.4
.6
.2

4.2

4. 5

.4
.4
.2

4.6

6.3

4. 1
4. 7
4. 0

4.0

5.4

3. 2

3. 0
4. 4
2.8

.3
. 3
.2

.5
.3
.3

8.8 13.8
4. 5 12. 1

5. 5
4.0

8. 1
6.2

3. 0
.4

5.4
5. 7

8. 1
5.4

6. 1
5. 3

6.4
4. 3

4. 1
3.8

. 8
.3

1.2
.5

2.9
2. 1

2. 5
2. 0

1.9

2.4
2.6
2.8
2.6

1. 5

1. 6
.9

2.4

1. 5
1. 3
2. 0

1. 4
.3
. 8

1.8

2.0

.9
.6
.9
1. 0

1. 7

1. 7

1.0

2.0
1.8

1.7

1. 3
1. 3

1. 7
.7
1. 3
1. 3
1. 4

2. 5
Cleveland

...

Dayton

.

Toledo
....
Youngstown—Warren

5
.

...

Eugene Springfield
Portland

..

. . .

.

PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown- Bethlehem—Easton
Erie
Harrisburg
Lancaster

2.4
2.4

2. 1
1. 5
1.9

7.2
8. 5
7. 5 10. 5
6.5
7. 3

n

OREGON

2. 9
3. 0

OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

. .

2.7

4.6

4.2

3.2
5. 1

3. 0
4. 5

3. 1

2.9
3.0

2.7
2.0
3.2

.

,

2. 1

2.0

2.6
2.9
2.8

3. 3

3. 3

3. 0

1.4

1. 1
1. 7
6.4
6.6

5.4

1. 5
.9
1.0
7. 5

.6

1.8
2. 1
2.4
.9
1. 0
Q

.8

(*)

(*)

3.8

3. 5

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

1.7

1.8

3. 5

3. 1
3. 0
3. 3

1. 4
1. 5

2.6

1.8

(*)

(*)

4. 0
3.2

1.9
2. 5
3.2

1. 1
1. 1
1.4

.5
.6

.6

6.6

6.6

4.8

.3

6.6
6.0

4.6
4.2

.6
.5

.4

6.4
6.2

4. 8
5. 3
4. 0

.6

.4

.4

.4

.5
.5
.6

.6
.4
.4

5. 5

4.4

3.8

2.3

.7

4.9
5.6

3. 7
4, 5

3.4
3.7

1.7
2.4

.5
.9

.7

.7
1.0
.2
.4

3. 5

3. 1
2.6

1.6

1. 1

1.2

1. 2

2. 5
3. 2
3. 7
6. 0

2.4
3.2

1. 0
.9
.5

4. 0
2. 6

1.2
1.7
2.4
.8

1.0
.8

3.8

3.6

2. 3

5.8

3.9
2. 5
4.4

3. 5
2.4
4.0

2. 1
1.6
1. 5

1.9
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.2
1.2

.3
.5
.3
• 9

2.9

.4

2. 5
1. 0
2.8'

1. 7
2. 0
.3
2 8
1. 3
.4

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

9.5
6.8

2.2

5. 5

8

.8
1. 0
1. 5
2.0

.8

.5
1. 6
.3

3.2

3. 7
3. 7
2.6

2.6

1.6

1. 1
.8
.7
.6

1. 1
1.3
. 6
2.0

1.0

. 6

2. 2
.9

.8

.5
1. 1
1.4

.2

1.2
1.2
1.0

1. 3
1. 1
1. 0
1. 1
1. 9

. 6
4.2

1.7

.9

.9

See footnotes at end of table.




149

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
Total

State and area

New hires

Separation rates

Oct. _ S e p t .
1979P 1979

Oct. _ S e p t .
1979P 1979

4.2
3.4

4. 1
3. 1
2.3

2.6
1. 1

1.8
2.3

2. 1
3.8
4.4

3.0

2.7

1. 1
2.4

4.5

2. 1

2.0

3.6

1.7

1.3
4.2

.8
3.7

1.6
.7

Sept.
1979

Oct. _ Sept.
1979P 1979

Oct._ Sept.
1979P 1979

PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
..

3. 6
1.6
5.3

Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton 12
WilliamsDort
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket

7.0

5.8

6.8

5.9

4.4
4. 1
4. 9

4.4
4.2

4.9
6.2

1.7

3.5

5.9
5. 6

2.0

.6
.6
.9
1.8
1.4

.6
1.4

1.9
.6
.9

Quits

Total

Recalls

1.6

3.6

4.7
3.2

1.7

3.4

3. 1

1.2

3. 1

3.0

1.8

2.4

4.0

3.7

1.4

1.7
.5
.6

3.6

3.8

4.0
4.2

2. 1
3.9

.4

4.5

Oct. _
1979P
1.2
1.3

.6
1.6

Layoffs
Sept.
1979

2.3
1.0
1.4

Oct._
1979P
2.8
1.2
1.8

.6

.8

2.2

2.0

1.6
.8
2.6

1.3
1.2

1. 5

1.9

.4
2.3

2.6
.9

1.3

1.2

1.2

.9

4.9

.7

4.8

.8

7.2
7. 1

5.7

4.9

.6
.6

3.3

5.8

4.6

3.5

1. 1

1.2

3.7

3. 0
2.2
2.8
3.5

2.6
2.2
2.9
3. 1

.5
.7
.2
.4

.5
.3
.6

4. 6
4.5

.4
.7
.1
.3

.4
.7
.1
.2

4.4
4.2
4.0
5.0

4. 1
4.3
4.2

5.0

3.7
3.3
4. 6
4.3

5.0
4.7

5.8
6.3

4.5
4.0

.3

i1 )

.2
.6

5.0
5.0

4.2

6.4

3.6

3.8
4.0

3.2
2.7

.3
.2

.3
.1

•..

3.5

3.4

2.8

2.8

.5

.4

3.3

3.3

1.8

1.6

.6

.8

6.7

5.8

5.5

5.3

1.2

4.2

3.7

.3

.2

...

4.3

4.5

4.0

4.2

3.0

5.4

5.9

5.0

5.5

2.9
4.2

3.9

.1
.3

. 1

UTAH4
Salt Lake City- Ogden4

6.3
5.8

6.2
6.3

5.8
5.6

VERMONT

4.4
2.2
3.5

3.8
2.7
4. 1

3.3
1. 8
2.6

4. 5
2.3

3.8
2. 7

3.4
1. 8

2. 1

4.6

4.2

3.5

3.4

3. 9
3. 7

3. 1
3. 1

2. 9
2.6

2.2
2.3

8. 1

8.9

SOUTH CAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls

4.9

3.4

4.9

.4

TENNESSEE:
Memphis
TEXAS:
Dallas-Fort Worth
Houston

..

San Antonio

.

Springfield
VIRGINIA

WASHINGTON:
Seattle Everett ^
WISCONSIN

WYOMING

.

9.5

11.7

Less than 0.05.
Excludes agricultural chemcials, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
Excludes canning and preserving.
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.

150




.3

5.5

.1
.3

.2

4.0

.3

5.5

4.9
4. 1
4.8

5.8

.2

6. 1

(M

.2
.1

6.3
5.7

5.5
5. 1

4.8
4.5

3.7
3.7

.3
.3

.7
.5

3. 1

1.0
.2
.9

.6
.1
.9

4.5
3.3
3.5

4.0
2.4
3.3

2.4
1.2
1.7

1.9
1.0
1.7

1.3
1.7
1. 1

1.4
.9
1.0

.8
.1

.3
.1

3.9

3.9
2. 1

2.4

.9

1.3

2.0
.9

.5

2.2

.2

.3

1.0

.7

4.4

3.9

2.6

1.8

1.0

.6

.7
.7

.5

3. 9

2.3

1. 6

1.7

1.5
1.4

1.3

.4

4. 6
4. 0

1.2

1.2

2.8

8.6

12.4

7. 1

6. 1

2. 5
3.2
3.2

10
1

1.4

3. 6

. 1

Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.

*

Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing.
p-preliminary.

12

13

*

Not available.

SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

.2

4.2

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number
State and area
NOV.
1978

ALABAMA
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile

1*606,1
373.3
134.1
179.0
116.1
51.5

. . . .

Tuscaloosa
ALASKA

. . . .

ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson . .
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville—Springdale
Fort Smith'
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

. .

CALIFORNIA 2
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Fresno . . . .
Los Angeles— Long Beach 2
Modesto . . .
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario
Sacramento
Salinas—Seaside—Monterey
San Diego
,..
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

,

COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford .
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

. .

DELAWARE
Wilmington'
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA 1
FLORIDA 2
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St Petsrsburg
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton
GEORGIA
Albany
Atlanta
Augusta . . .
Columbus 1
Macon
Savannah

.

. . . .
,
,

. .

OCT.
1979

1*664.1
385.5
141.1
188.2
121.4
52.2

NOV.
1979P

1*645.5
384.8
139.5
183.1
120.9
52.2

NOV.
1978

89.3
19.0
7.5
10.9
5.9
3.1

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1979

113,1
24.0
9.3
15,7
6.6
2.7

112,7
23,9
8,9
12,9
6.7
2,8

5.5
5.1
5.6
6.1
5.1
6.1

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

8.3
5.4
5.1

6.9
6.2
6.4
7.0
5.5
5.4

6.?

174.9

184.2

181.3

19.4

14.5

16,5

7.9

9.1

1*030.9
623.9
184.9

1*063.4
644.9
191.4

1*075.0
653.2
193.6

58.5
30.4
9.5

51.2
26,8
7,7

49,9
26,5
7,2

5.7
4.9
5.1

4.9
4.1
4.0

4.6
4.1
3.7

934.7
73.2
84.1
176.1
36.9

985.9
76.1
83.6
185.6
38.7

962.2
75.3
83.0
183.2
37.7

65.0
4.0
7.5
9.3
2.6

60.6
3.2
6.7
8,4
2.2

65,3
3.5
7.0
8.3
2.2

7.0
5.5
8.9
5.3
7.0

6.1
4.?
8.0
4.5
5.9

6.8
4.6
8.4
4.5
5.7

10*686,9
1*014.5
166.6
239.7
3*538.0
126.8
206.6
553.7
441.8
122.7
697.4
1*575.6
663.1
137.6

11*049.6
1*086.7
175.9
254.1
3*565.0
133.9
216.3
579.8
468.2
125.2
734.8
1*615.4
703.7
141.9
123.8
160.2
122.9

646.2
37.3
14.0
19.4
225.0
13.1
13.3
32.0
28.2
8.7
35.5
79.8
31.5
7.8

636.4
44.7
13.8
19.9
184.0
10.7
17.3
38.6
28.8
8.1
42.4
87.1
35.1
8.7
7.5
12.4
7.4

6.0
3.7
8.4
8.1
6.3
10.3
6.5
5.9
6.4
7.1
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.7
5.9
9.6
5.9

5.7
3.8
10.0
8.1
4.6
10.0
7.8
6.4
6.7
7.8
5.5
5.1
4.6
5.9

6.8
14,8
7.0

629.8
40.8
17.5
20.7
165.0
13.4
16.8
36.9
31.3
9.8
40.5
81.6
32.6
8.3
7.7
15.8
8.2

5.9
4.1
7.9
7.5
5.3
7.7
7.9
6.7

118.3
153.3
119.5

11*067,1
1*088,3
176,6
265,2
3*488,0
137,5
217.7
580.4
470.1
132.2
739.3
1*626.8
712.6
143.4
128.1
170.6
126.0

1*308.5
771.1

1*407.1
827.5

1*392.6
823.6

67.3
36.4

60.2
33.5

63.2
33.5

5.1
4.7

4.3
4,1

1*527.5
187.4
365.8
71.4
197.3
118.7
107.1

1*573.4
191.2
378.1
70.7
202.8
120.6
109,4

1*575.3
191.6
378.1
73.3
204.1
120.2
108.2

64.0
8.9
14.2
2.9
7.6
4.3
4.9

74,9
9.7
16.1
3.4
10.3
4.4
5.8

74.9
9.8
15.3
3.7
10.6
4.2
5.6

4.2
4.7
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.7
4.6

5,1
4,3
4,8
5.1
3.6
5.3

4.8
5.1
4.0
5.0
5.2
3.5
5.2

275.4
242.6

273.0
239,4

278.5
243.4

18.6
15.0

19.4
15.4

24,8
20,0

6.9
6.2

7.1
6,4

8.9
8.2

328.4
1*568.7

319.8
1*587.4

325,2
1*598.1

25.1
68,7

20,0
66.6

20,4
66,0

7.6

6,1
4.?

6.3
4.1

3*710.0
377.6
303.6
688.3
296.2
109.6
567.3
211.5

3,820.4
388.0
311.2
710.8
310.7
112.6
581,4
219,1

3*737.0
380.5
302.3
695.5
303.8
109.3
565.7
215.7

231,0
22,1
17.3
43.8
17.7
6.0
32.0
14.4

240.6
21.8
17.7
42.1
18.6
6.3
31.0
15.5

218.7
19.5
17.2
38.5
16.9
6.4
30.0
12.8

6.2
5.9
5.7

6.3
5.6
5.7
5,9
6,0
5,6
5.3
7.1

5.9
5.1
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.9

2*330.7
48.7
919.2
124.9
85.3
103*3
91.8

2*370,6
51,4
920,2
127.5
88.9
100.7
89.5

2*350.4
51.6
919.5
126.9
88.5
100.6
89.2

129.9
3.1
48.0
7.4
5.4
6.9
5.9

121.8
3.1
42.1
7.0
6.2
5.6
4.9

114.8
3.1
40.0
6.5
5.8
5,2
5.0

5.1
6.1
4.6
5.5
7.0
5.6
5.5

4.9
5.9
4.3

11.1

6.0
5.4
5.5
6.9
5.5
6.*
5.2
5.9
6.3
6.7

6,1
6.1
5.7
5.4
4.9
6,1
5.8
7.3
5.9

6.2
9.8
6.7
4.5
4.1

5.1
6.5
5.2
5,6

See footnotes at end of table.




151

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas —Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemploymen i
Labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number
State and area

NOV.
I97d

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

HAWAII
Honolulu

395.1
311.6

399.9
314.6

408.6
322.7

29. ?
22. ?

24. A
19. 1

26.5
21.0

7.4
7.1

6.2
6.1

6.5
6.5

IDAHO
Boise City

407.3
90.9

417.3
85.5

411.2
87.2

22. 3

17. 1

4.1

4.7

2, 6

19.2
3.1

5.5

3. 2

3.S

3*0

3.6

5*413.7
61.1
80.8
3*462.4
182.5
60.3
177.3
139.3
96.2

5*416.4
61.5
82.8
3*472.3
183.1
56.0
167.9
140.1
95.3

5*427.9
61.3
82.8
3*483.8
182.9
59.5
168.9
140.7
95.4

280. 3
1. 8
3. 3
176. 2

298. 5
1. 7
3. 1
182. 1

297.8
2.1
3.1
176.5

5.2
2.9
4.0

5.5
2.8
3.8

5.5
3.4
3.7

7, 6
3. 5

7, 1
4. 6

9.1
6.5

5.1
4.1
5.9

5.2
3.9
7.9

5.1
5.0

7. 5
6. 3
5. 5

10, 6
7. 4
6. 0

11.3
7.5
5.6

4.?
4.5
5.7

s\s

2*587,0
60,3
141.1
187.4
291.0
580.8
64.1
56.7
141.7
81.8

2*610.9
59.4
139.2
191.5
294.8
586.5
64.4
57.0
142.2
82.2

2*608.7
60.2
139.4
190.6
294.4
588.3
64.6
.57.2
141.7
81.9

128. 4

172. 1

182.2

5.0

3.
7.
7.
15.
26.

5.
7.
11.
25.
33.

6.5
7.9

5.3
5.0
3.9
5.3
4.5

6.6
8
.6
5.4
5.8
8.5
5.7

1*420.4
85.6
180.7
44.9
57.1
68.1

1*442.4
88.6
181.0
46.0
55.4
70.4

ILLINOIS 2
Bioomington Normal
Champaign—Urbana Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport—Rock Island—Moline1
Decatur
..
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

.

I N D I A N A
Anderson
Evansville 1
F o r t Wayne
Gary—Hammond—East Chicago
Indianapolis
Lafayette Wpst Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

.

.

.

.

. . .

.

.

IOWA '.
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux C i t y '
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

.

. .

.

. . .

..

2
0
2
5
0

1
6
0
1
6

10.6
26.0
34.3
3.1
4.1

10.9
6.7

6.3

5.4
5.8
7.0

10.9
5.6
5.6
8.8
5.8
4.9
7.2
6.6
5.6

2. 1
3. 5

3. 0
4. 0

3.3
6.1

4.7
7.0

6. 8

9. 1

9.3

4.9

6.4

3. 7

4. 6

4.6

4.6

5.5

1*428.6
88.3
180.1
45.4
55.0
69.9

48. 6

48. 4

59.0

3.4

3.4

2.
6.
2.
3.

2.
6.
2.
3.

5
7
4
0

3.3
7.4
2.4
3.2

2.8
3.3
4.4
5.9

2.9
3.7
5.3
5.4

3. 2

2. 9

2.9

4.8

4.1

35. 2

35.9

2.9

2.9

4.1
6.4

3.8
3.2

4.3
3.0

3.0
4.2
2.7

92.
6.
24.
2.

8
7
7
4

91.6

4.4
2.9
4.4
4.9

5,7
3.9
5.8
6.0

5.6
3.4
5.3
5.9

115. 7

116.9

6.2
7.1
5.9
4.0
6.9
6.7
6.4
5.6

6.8
8.0
6.9
4.8
6.9
7.3
6.8
5.8

6.9
8.5
6.9
4.9
7.0
7.9
6.7
6.1

4
0
0
4

4.1
3.7
4.1
5.2
5.8
4.2

1*163.4
96.0
221.2

1*194.8
96.0
230.4

1*200.0
96.9
235.1

33. 9

1*588.5
167.2
418.2
38.4

1*633.6
173.5
427.2
40.1

1*635.6
173.6
429.6
39.9

70,
4.
18.
1.

1*613.4
66.7
201.1
64.1
64.6
52.3
459.5
147.6

1*689.5
68.9
205.0
71.3
66.2
52.9
471.6
153.0

1*684.3
68.4
205.9
71.8
66.3
53.1
474.3
153.8

100, 4

470.4
36.5
84.7

486.2
38.7
84.6

485.8
38.6
86.8

24, 3
1, 5
3. 4

30. 1
2. 2
4, 3

30.5
2.1
4.2

5.2
4.0
4.0

6.?
5.7
5.0

6.3
5.4
4.9

MARYLAND
Baltimore

2*051.2
1*048.4

2*106.4
1*064.9

2*111.7
1*066.6

101. 9

117, 3

56, 8

65, 9

120.1
63.6

5.0
5.4

5.6
6.?

5.7
6.0

MASSACHUSETTS2
Boston
Brockton
Fall River 1
Lawrence—Haverhill'
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke

2tB35.7
1*366.7
82.3
80.8
139.1
112.1
82.3
274.0
197.2

2*851.4
1*364.6
79.6
78.3
137.2
120.7
83.9
282.5
200.1

2*818.8
1*349.7
80.0
77.6
135.1
119.7
83.4
278.1
198.1

148, 1

124. 2
57, 4

134.0
58.4
4.3
5.2

12, >0

3. 8
4, 0
7, 8
5. 5
5. 0
10, 1

5,2
4.S
5.4
7.6
6.2
5.4

10.8

8 .5

7, 2

8.1

4.4
4.3

4.4
4.?
4.8
5.1
5.7
4.6
6.0
3.6
3.6

4.8
4.3
5.3
6.7
5.7
5.3
7.5
3.9
4.1

MICHIGAN 2
Ann Arbor

4*240.6
139.2

4*343.0
147.4

4*369.4
145.9

280,.2

314, 7

345.1

6 .9

9. 7

8.6

6.6
4.9

7.2
6.5

7.9
5.9

KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
KENTUCKY
Lexington—Fayette
Louisville1
Owensboro

. , . . , , , , . ,
.

.

LOUISIANA

Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
N e w Orleans
Shreveport

.

. . .
. . .

MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.

152




.

.

.

3. 6
7, 0
6
8
3
8

<v.7

11.
2.
4,
3,
29.
8,

65,
4,
6,
8.
6,
6,

8
6
4
5
2
2

7

5
I
6

1
2

4. 1
6. 9

5.
14.
3.
4,
3.
32.
9,

5
1
4
6
8
0
0

5.9

22.9
2.4

5.8

14.2
3.5
4.6
4.2

31.5
9.4

7.7
6.4
6.2

7.5

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor fore, and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued

Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number
State and area

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

82.6
54.7
2*014.9
231.0
293.5
66.3
133.2
?33.8
76.9
105*6

82.8
54.0
2*058.3
225.9
305.0
69.4
135.3
240.8
77.6
104.8

83.1
55.0
2*073.3
226.3
306.9
69.8
136.0
242.5
77.9
105.2

2*039.5
119.0
1*077.3

2*054.2
118.8
1*088.0

2*069.9
119.0
1*104.6

970.8
143.4

996.1
147.7

978.0
146.1

2*259.9
689.8
44.6
1*098.8

2*332.4
693.1
44.3
1*096.3
103.9

367.6
55.2
36.3

368.7
54.0

NOV.
197b
MICHIGAN—Continued
Battle Creek
..
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kal amazoo—Portage
Lansing—East Lansing
Muskegon—Norton Shores—Muskegon Heights
Saginaw

. .

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1973

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

6.3
5.7
6.3
7.2
5.0
5.7
5.4
5.3

6.9
6.6
7.6
8.1
4.9
6.6
5.0
6.?

7.1
7.7
8.3

8.1
5.5

7.4
6.1

7.1
5.3
5.9
8.5
7.9

3.5
5.0
2.3

3.6
5.0
3.?

4.4
5.6
3.5

3.1

5.7
3.6

5.9
4.2

126.1
16.6
14.8

157.0
18.2
15.0

172.1
18.0
16.4

5.2

3.8
7.1

8.0

5.3

4.6
6.7

5.0
7.2

12.5
6.3
5.8

14.8
5.8
8.5

14.4
6.6
8.3

71.4

74.6

90.1

5.9

5.9

6.7

30.4

35.0

38.3

62.6

53.1

57.9

6.7

5.3

5.0

6.4
4.7

5.3
3.6

5.9
3.4

2*288.7
690.3
43.3
1*081.2
103.1

99.2
27.5

105.4
28.1

105.8
28.4

4.4
4.0

2.4

51.7
4.0

63.4
3.9

59.1

5.1
4.7

4.5
4.0
5.3
5.8

4.6
4.1
5.6
5.5

21.2
2.6

15.0
1.5

18.4

5.3

2.7

1.7

2.1
2.1

4.9
7.4

4.1
2.*
5.1

5.1

33.7

363.4
53.6
33.7

768.6
112.7
277.2

778.5
111.2
273.8

777.9
112.9
275.8

18,8

25.4

24.6

2.6
8.9

3.7

2.5
2.3
3.2

3.3
3.4
4.*

3.2
3.0
4.5

NEVADA
Las Vegas . . .
Reno

345.9
183.9
102.7

352.7
189.5
103.6

353.3
190.4
104.0

13.8

4.7
5.5
3.1

4.7
5.2
3.3

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua

435.9
82.6
58.3

449.7
83.5
61.5

445.4
83.8
61.5

3*583.8
88.0
260.1
230.7
1*009.6
330.4
227.2
166.2
63.5
534.6
197.3

3*563.0
97.6
250.0
223.6
985.1
329.3
220.1
164.7
62.0

219.2

550.1
203.3

3*547.0
98.1
248.1
222.8
981.6
327.2
219.7
162.5
62.7
547.0
204.2

7*906.1
375.6
140.9
580.2
40.5
1*264.2
3*584.2
2*990.0
104.8
471.0
308.7
• «»
c
138.5

7*952.0
373.8
143.2
587.4
41.4
1*281.0
3*579.2
2*978.0
106.3
476.7
308.5
140.7

2*667.8
81.6
331.6

2*696.2
81.3
331.5

MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior1
Minneapolis-St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson

...

MISSOURI
Kansas City l
St. Joseph
St. Louis 1

1 A,

9

Springfield
MONTANA
Billings
Great Falls . . .

. . .

NEBRASKA
Omaha

l

NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Jersey City . . .
Long Branch —Asbury Park
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
NEW MEXICO .
Albuquerque
NEW YORK 3
Albany —Schenectady —Troy
Binghamton*
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York .
New York City*
Poughkaepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville . . . . ,
Charlotte-Gattonia

..

2.3

2.3

3.4

3.9
6.3

13.1

12.3

16.6
10.4

16.6
10.0

3.2

3.5

4.0
4.2
2.6

15.6
2.7

11.4
1.9

12.0
2.3

3.6
3.3

2.5
2*3

2.7
2.7

1.8

1.6

1.6

3.1

2.6

2.6

232.4

6.1
8.5
9.2
7.1
5.5

6.3
8*7
8.4
6.5
6.1

5.4
6.3

6.6
9.1
8.9
6.9
6.4
5.8

7.7
2.6

7.5

224.1
8.5

8.9

24.0
16.3
55.1
17.8
15.5

21.0
14.5
60.5
17.6
19.0

22.1
15.4
63.2
18.8
18.3

7.1

8.5

7.8

4.3

5.4
8.6
5.1

5.7

4.9

29.2
10.3

38.2
13.1

38.1
13.8

5.5

6*9

7.0
6.8

8*093.6
381.7
146.1
598.4
41.9
1*298.9
3*653.9
3*043.0
108.6
486.0
313.6
142.4

565.6
22.6

561.4
22.2

561.2
21.8

24.6
19.1
9.6

25.8
19.3
8.7

7.1
5.9
5.9
7.9
6.9
6.5
7.5
6.0
4.5
5.4
6.2

6.9
5.7
6.5
7.5
6.6
5.6
7.6
8.2
4.1
5.3
6.0

2*686.0
61.2
333.5

85.6
2.5
7.5

121.6
3.2
11.*

4.9
3.9
3.4

4.4
3.7

8.3

8.5

9.5

39.8

46.3

44.7

2.4

2.8

78,7
264.1
254.0
4.7

83.1
266.8
237.0
4.8

2.8

72.9
277.4
249.0
4.5

26.0
18.8

117.5
3.0

10.9

5.2
7.2
6.0
5.9
6.9
6.0
6.2

7.9
8.5
4.5
5.2
6.2
3.2
3.1

8.3
4.8

3.3

See footnotes at end of table.




153

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
jNumbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
labor force

NOV.
1970

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NORTH CAROLINA—Continued
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

413.9
276.6

419.7
262.3

418.7
284.2

10,3
6.2

18.2
8.9

15.6
9.3

2.5
2.2

4.3
3.?

3.7
3.3

NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorehead'

284.6
71.0

299.1
70.8

287.5
70.3

14.5
2.3

6.9
2.0

9.6
2.8

5.1
3.3

2,3
2.*

3.3
3.9

5*107.3
306.5
184.6
670.1
953.8
552.4
394.3
375.7
241.7

5*121.8
305.4
185.8
681.8
943.4
554.4
397.3
378.3
240.3

5*097.6
305.2
185.7
681,8
943.7
555.8
395.6
377.1
240,4

251.1
15.1
9.9
31,3
40,1
23,1
16,2
21,0
14,9

302,5
17.0
10.8
35.5
50.1
25.1
24.2
27.1
15.7

269.0
15.6
10.4
33.2
42,9
20.5
20.9
26.0
14.4

4.9
4.9
5.3
4.7
4.2
4,2
4.1
5.6
6.2

5.9
5.ft
5.B
5.2
5.3
4.5
6.1
7.?
6.5

5.3
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.5
3.7
5.3
6.9
6.0

OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1*270.5
387.2
302.8

1*304.9
409.5
303.8

1*310,5
412,6
306.8

47,7
13,0
10,9

43.5
12.9
9.7

3.3
3.4
3.6

3.3
3.?
3.2

3.4
2.9
3.2

OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
Portland'
Salem

1*209.2
127.8
586,3
114*1

1*221.3
127.9
583.1
118.0

1*215.2
126.1
584.7
116,3

73,0
8,9
29.9
7.3

76.4
11.0
30.7
6.5

44.5
12.1
9.9
87.3
12.3
31.5
8.3

6.0
7.0
5.1
6.4

6.3
8.6
5.3
5.5

7.2
9.8
5.4
7.1

•332.4
297.0
57.1
126.2
215.7
106.7
173.6
262.3
•120.9
•006.2
149*9
54.2
168.9

5,363.9
301.3
59.7
127.8
217.0
110.2
177.4
284.9
2*132.6
1*017.8
155.7
55.6
172.3

302,3
59,6
127,9
217,6
110,5
177,8
286,0
2*136,9
1*019,3
156,9
56.0
171.9

352.4
15.7
4.7
8.6
9.8
8.7
23.6
145.4
57.9
6.9
4.3
7.5

7.1

426.0
22.8
5.9
10.5
12.7
11.0
9.6
27.9
162.8
69.2
9.8
6.5
10.4

369.4
19.0
5.2
9.5
10.8
10.0
8.0
25.0
139.4
60,4
8,4
6.2
8.9

6.6
5.3
8.3
6.8
4.5
8.2
4.1
8.3
6.9
5.6
4.6
7.9
4.4

7.9
7.6
9.9
8.?
5.9
10.0
5.4
9.B
7,6
6.B
6.3
11.6
6.0

6.96.3
8.7
7.4
5.0
9.0
4.5
8.7
6.5
5.9
5.4
11.1
5.2

437.9
443.0

453.7
452.9

454,5
453.3

24.1
24.0

23.0
23.2

23.5
23.4

5.5
5,4

5.1
5.1

5.2
5.2

1*297.6
151.7
172.5
257.1

1*338.2
157.5
178.1
264.4

1*328,3
156,8
177,9
263,2

67.8
8.9
6.9
10.1

62.9
7.9
6.2
9.9

64.3
7.6
6.3
10.4

5.2
5.9
4.0
3.9

4.7
5,0
3.5
3.7

4.8
4.8
3.6
4.0

320.9
59.1

336.3
60.1

329,3
59,8

8.6
.9

6.2
1.1

9.6
1.3

2.7
1.5

2.9
2.2

TENNESSl £
Chattanootp'
Krtoxville
Memphis1
Nashvi!le~Davk**on

1*956.2
186.7
206.2
377.9
403.7

2*029.3
193.0
212.4
388.0
412.6

2*017,1
192,6
212,9
388,4
409,1

104.4
9,8
9.3
21,1
16,4

119.9
12.8
10.5
20.9
19.2

124.9
13.0
11.3
21.7
17.9

5.3
5.2
4.5
5.6
4.1

2.4
1.9
5.9
6.6
4.9
5.4
4.6

6.2
6.7
5.3
5.6
4.4

TEXAS 3
Amarillo
Austin

6*099.9
6 6 .2
240.8
167.2
132.0
1*423.9
170.5
83.6
1*377.0
103.5
406.7
77.6
59.9

6*263.9
89.0
250.6
164.2
132,5
1*504.6
171.7
82.4
1*419,9
104.2
415.4
79.2
60.5

6*271,6
89.3
251.1
164.0
133.9
1*503.0
174.6

291,9
3,2
8.0
11,1
7,0
53,2
15.4
5,2
56.4
3.4
25.9
3.8
2.5

235.5
2.6
7.0
7.7
6.1
46.2
12.1
3.5
43.3
3.1
21.2
2.9
1.6

266.7
2.9
7.8
8.9
7.3
49.9
14.2
4.0
47.2
3.2
23.3
3.0
2.0

4.8
3.8
3.3
6.6
5.3
3.7
9.1
6.3
4.1
3.3
6.3
4.9
4.2

3.B
2.9
2.8
4.7
4.6
3.1
7.1
4.?
3.0
3.0
5.1
3.6
2.7

4.3
3.2
3.1
5.4
5.4
3.3
8.1
4.8
3.3
3.0
5.6
3.8
3.3

OHIO 1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati *
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo1
Youngstown—Warren

,

PENNSYLVANIA 1
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 1
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
.:
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia'
Pittsburgh
Reading
Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket1
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls

Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange
Corpus Christ!
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
Houston . . . . . .
Lubbock
S8n Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

,

See footnotes at end of table.

154




82.3

1*4 20.2
103.8
415.4
79.6
60.5

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas —Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
labor force

NOV.
1976

NOV.
1979P

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1978

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

NOV.
1979

OCT.
1979

NOV.
1979P

554*0
371.2

587.0
367.6

582.6
386.5

21.8
14.2

25.3
17.0

27.1
17.6

3.9
3.8

4.3
4.4

4.6
4.6

237.0

242.3

240.1

11.9

9.8

12.0

5.0

4.0

5.0

VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Newport News—Hampton
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth *
Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell
Richmond
Roanoke
,

2*457.3
73.1
153.3
320.5
60.5
321.0
110.5

2*478.4
76.7
162.2

2*486.3
77.4
162.9

116.4
2.9
8.6
18.3
3.3
10.4
4.6

111.8
2.9
8.5
18.0
3.2

116.9
3.5
9.1
18.0
3.0

10.3
4.7

10.3
4.7

4.7
3.9
5.6
5.7
5.5
3.3
4.2

4.5
3.8
5.3
5.6
5.4
3.?
4.3

4.8
4.5
5.6
5.6
5.1
3.2
4.3

WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

1*765.0
783.8
144.2
165.5

1*699.2
839.4
148.9
172.9

1*860.7
836.4
147.7
171.5

107.5

111.4

113.0

6.0
5.1
5.6
6.3

5.9
5.1
5.8
6.8

6.1
4.9
6.4
7.1

722.5
117.9

762.3
127.5
121.4

767.0
127.8

70.6
81.2

80.1

6.9
4.3
6.0
5.2
6.6

UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden

'.

VERMONT

WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland 1
Parkersburg-Marietta'
Wheeling'
WISCONSIN
AppletonOshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine

118.0
68.0
80.4

58.8
322.0
109.4

2*342.3
150.3
52.3

2*415.9

89.0
61.1
46.0

88.6

90.1
62.9
46.6
184.6
745.0
90.8

220.0

230.0

177.2
727.7

WYOMING

321.4

154.5
55.6

Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State.
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See"Explanatory Notes" for
State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.)
2

NOTE: Estimates for 1978 have been bench marked to 1978 Current Population Survey annual
averages. Except in the 10 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 2, estimates for 1979 are pro-

321.0

59.1
323.3
109.8

40.6
9.5

10.4

42.6
8.6
11.8

37.3
3.7
5.4
3.2
3.8

48.7
5.5
6.9
3.6
5.5

52.8
5.5
7.4
3.7
5.3

5.2
3.1
4.5
4.6
4.7

6.4
4.3
5.7
5.1
6.7

91.6

105.6
7.2
3.4
4.5
2.6
2.2
6.3
26.2
3.9

94.3
5.8
2.6
3.7
2.9
1.6
5.8
25.7
3.6

112.3
6.8
5.5
4.3
2.6
1.8
6.3
28.6
4.4

4.5
4.8
6.5
5.1
4.2
4.9
3.6
3.6
4.3

3.9
3.8
4.7
4.1
4.5
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.9

4.6
4.4
9.4
4.8
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.8
4.8

230.3

8.8

5.1

6.9

4.0

2.?

3.0

122.7
71.2

2*430.1
155.5
58.4
90.5

63.1

46.8
186.7

751.9

39.7
8.1

12.2

visional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data refer to
place of residence.
p= preliminary.
N.A.=not available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies listed o n
inside back cover.

Labor force ami unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance
programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify "CETA Area Employment and Unemployment,"
"State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment," and "Unemployment Rates for State and Local Governments." A complete set of price schedules
and publications is available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 22161.




155

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
[Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force

Year and month

Total
noninstitutional
population

Total labor force

Number

Unemployed

Employed

Percent
of
population

Total
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Persons 14 years of age and over
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1934
1935
1936
1937..
1938

(1)

U)

(1)
(1)
(1)

49,180
49,820
50,420
51,000
51,590

47,630
45,480
42,400
38,940
38,760

10,450
10,340
10,290
10,170
10,090

37,180
35,140
32,110
28,770
28,670

1,550
4,340
8,020
12,060
12,830

3 2
8.7
15.9
23.6
24 9

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

52,230
52,870
53,440
54,000
54,610

40,890
42,260
44,410
46,300
44,220

9,900
10,110
10.000
9,820
9,690

30,990
32,150
34,410
36,480
34,530

11,340
10,610
9,030
7,700
10,390

21.7
20.1
16.9
14.3
19.0

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

49,440
50,080
50,680
51,250
51 840

(1)

52,490
53,140
53,740
54,320
54,950

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1939
• 1940
1941
1942
1943

(1)
100,380
101,520
102,610
103 660

55,600
56,180
57,530
60,380
64 560

(1)
56.0
56.7
58.8
62.3

55,230
55,640
55,910
56,410
55,540

45,750
47,520
50,350
53,750
54,470

9,610
9,540
9,100
9,250
9,080

36,140
37,980
41,250
44,500
45,390

9,480
8,120
5,560
2,660
1,070

17.2
14.6
9.9
4.7
1.9

(I)'
44,200
43,990
42,230
39,100

1944
1945
1946
1947

104,630
105,530
106,520
107,608

66,040
65,300
60,970
61,758

63.1
61.9
57.2
57.4

54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168

53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812

8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256

45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557

670

1,040
2,270
2,356

1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9

38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850

Persons 16 years of age and over
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951

103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721

60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117

58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4

59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017

57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961

7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726

49,148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235

2,311
2,276
3,637
3,288
2,055

3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3

42,477
42.447
42,708
42,787
42,604

1952
1953 2
1954
1955
1956

108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811

65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409

60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283

53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660

57,514

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750

1957
1958
1959
I960 2
1961

115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343

69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031

60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2

66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459

64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746

5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200

58,123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546

2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714

4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7

45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312

1962 2
1963
1964
1965
1966

122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180

73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893

59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1

70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770

66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895

4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979

61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915

3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875

5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8

49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288

1967
1968
1969
1970
1971

133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596

80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929

60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0

77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113

74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120

3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387

70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732

2,975
2,817
2,832
4,088
4,993

3.8
3.6

3.5
4.9
5.9

52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666

1972 2
1973 2
1974
1975

145,775 88,991
148,263 91,040
93,240
150,827
153,449 94,793
156,048 96,917
158,559 99,534
161,058 102,537
163,620 104,996

61.0
61.4

86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773
97,401
100,420
102,908

81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485
90,546
94,373
96,945

3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297
3,244
3,342
3,297

78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188
87,302
91,031
93,648

4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963

5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8

56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130
59,025
58,521
58,623

1976
1977
1978 .*
1979

61.8
61.8
62.1
62.8
63.7
64.2

1

Not available.

3

Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic

Comparability" under Household Data section of Explanatory Notes.

156




44,402

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date
[Numbers in thousands]

Total labor force
Total
noninstituttonal
population

Year, month, and sax

1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952

50,968

„

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958.
1959
I9601
1961.
1962 *
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 *
1973 *
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978. 1
1979

.

51,439
51,922
52,352
52,788
53,248
54,248
54,706
55,122
55,547
56,082
56,640
57,312
58,144
58,826
59,626
60,627
61,556
62,473
63,351
64,316
65,345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72,253
73,494
74,739
75,981
77,169
78,397

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Employed
Number

44,258
44,729
45,097
45,446
46,063
46,416
47,131
47,275
47,488
47,914
47,964
48,126
48,405
48,870
49,193
49,395
49,835
50,387
50,946
51,560
52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,706
58,397
59,467
60,535
61,466

of
population

86.8
87.0
86.9
86.8
87.3
87.2
86.9
86.4
86.2
86.3
85.5
85.0
84.5
84.0
83.6
82.8
82.2
81.9
81.5
81.4
81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78.5
78.1
78.3
78.4
78.4

Total
Total

42,686
43,286
43,498
43,819
43,001
42,869
43,633
43,965
44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886
46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
59,517

Agriculture

40,995
41,725
40,925
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
56,499

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

6,643
6,358
6,343
6,002
5,534
5,390
5,253
5,200
5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532
4,472
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716
2,639
2,681
2,645

34,352
35,367
34,583
35,576
36,246
36,293
37,177
36,418
37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934
39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810
53,854

1,692
1,559
2,572
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4,385
3,968
3,588

7.0
6.2

3,051
3,018

5.2
5.1

1,248
1,271
1,315
1,159
1,193
1,111
1,006
1 006
1,184
1,244
1,123
990
1 033
986
902
875
878
832
814
736
680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
579

14,797
15,346
15,409
16,181
16,988
17,458
17,743
17 486
18,366
19 175
19,591
19,623
20 131
?0 887
21,187
21 651
22,227
23,000
23 934
25 240
26,212
27,147
28,441
29,066
29 277
30,439
31,827
32,825
32 973
34,513
36,080
38,221
39,794

619
717
1,065
1,049
834
698
632
1 188
998
1 039
1,018
1,504
1 320
1 366
1,717
1 488
1,598
1,581
1 452
1 324
1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3 445
3,320

3.7
4.1
6.0
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
60
4.9
48
4.7
6.8
59
59
7.2
62

4.0
3.6
5.9
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9

Not in
labor
force

6,710
6,710
6,825
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
16,931

•las

1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953 1
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960 1
1961
1962 1
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
1973 1.
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978.1
1979

,.

•

,

See footnote 2 , table 1 .




52,450
53,088
53,689
54,293
54,933
55,575
56,353
56,965
57,610
58,264
58,983
59,723
60,569
61,615
62,517
63,355
64,527
65,668
66,763
67,829
69,003
70,217
71,476
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
79,954
81,309
82,577
83,890
85,223

16,683
17,351
17,806
18,412
19,054
19,314
19,429
19,718
20,584
21,495
21,765
22,149
22,516
23,272
23,838
24,047
24,736
25,443
26,232
27,333
28,395
29,242
30,551
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
37,087
38,520
40,067
42,002
43,531

31.8
32.7
33.2
33.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.6
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.2
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.7
39.3
40.3
41.2
41.6
42.7
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.1
51.1

16,664
17,335
17,788
18,389
19,016
19,269
19,382
19,678
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483
23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
38,414
39,952
41,878
43,391

16,045
16,617
16,723
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21 164
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33,553
35,095
36,685
38,882
40,446

582
605
661
652

3,267
2,996
2,945

6.5

6.2 .
55
48
5.2
4.8

4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0

6.7
93
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

35,767
35,737
35,883
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37 247
37,026
36 769
37,218
37,574
38 053
38 343
38,679
39 308
39 791
40,225
40 531
40 496
40 608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41 952
42 591
42 681

42,683
42 868
42,789
42,510
41,887
41,692

157

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
{Numbers in thousands]

1979
Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Not in labor force

Sex,age, and race
Keeping
house

Employed

of
population

of
labor
force

Going

MALES
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

61,466
8,869
5,309
2, 160
3,149

78.4
69.7
63.0
51.8
73.9

59,517
8,219
5,031
2,145
2,886

56,499
7, 108
4,236
1,761
2,475

3,018
1,111

54,229
8,983

89.9
87.6
94.5
95.0
96.2
96.4
95.3
93.4
39.6

52,558
8,239

37,180
8,236
7,556
6,140
5,197
5,031
5,021

50,403
7, 534
35,923
7,83b
7,297
5,958
5,056
4,901
4,874

2,156
705
1,257
400
259
182
141
129
146

795
384

411

16,931
3,854
3, 124
2,010
1, 114

363
23
17
12
5

3,613
2,976
2,456
1,612
846

1,742
31
15
7
8

11,214
824
634
379
255

4.1
8.6
3.4
4.9 3.4
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.9

6, 118
1,275
2,200
455
3G5
238
262
356
564

148
14
77
9
9
11
7
21
19

1, 151
847
297
167
56
25
13
10
7

1,249
46
647
52
75
74
99
128
219

3,569
368
1,178
207
164
129
142
197
340

6
4
3

555
286
270

2,024
638
1,385

477
180
297

7,010
2,425
4,586

5.1
13.5
15.8
17.9
14.2

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

38,105
8,600
7,802
6,331
5,284
5,061
5,027

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

7,141
4,404
2,737

73.0
82.2
61.8

7,140
4,403
2,737

6,946
4,285
2,661

193
118
76

2.7
2.7
2.8

2,642
953
1,690

57
25
32

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1,928
1,124
804

20.0
29.6
13.8

1,928
1,124
804

1,861
1,077
784

67
47
20

3.5
4. 1
2.5

7,689
2,668
5,021

198
61
137

White

54,613
7,786
4,705
1,950
2,755

79.1
72.0
65.9
55.5
75.9

53,074
7,288
4,492
1,93 7
2,555

50,721
6,426
3,8 66
1,624
2,242

2,354
862
626
312
313

4.4
11.8
13.9
16.1
12.3

14,419
3,022
2,435
1,562
873

294
16
13
10
3

2,877
2,36C
1,920
1,24€
674

1,405
25
14
7
7

9,843
620
489
300
188

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

48,168
7,795
33,860
14,489
10,345

46,843
7,225
33, 105

45,168

9,027

90.5
88.4
95.2
96.2
96.5
92.2

8,994

9,859
8,773

1,673
533
977
504
252
221

3.6
7.4
3.0
3.6
2.5
2.5

5,066
1,023
1,711
573
377
761

113
10
58
15
14
29

954
716
233
1S3
26
13

1,000
33
505
95
133
277

2,998
264
916
270
204
441

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,512
4,010
2,503
1,740

73.6
83. 1
62.3
20.1

6,511
4,009
2,503
1,740,

6,348
3,911
2,437
1,686

163
97
66
55

2.5
2.4
2.6
3. 1

2,332
818
1,514
6,918

46
20
26
168

6
3
2
3

462
236
226
391

1,818
558
1,260
6,356

6,852
1,083
604
211
393

7 3.2
56.6
46.7
32.0
61.9

6,443
932
539
208
331

5,779
6 62
369
136
2 33

664
250
170
72
98

10.3
26.8
31.5
34.4
29.6

2,512
832
689
448
242

68
7
4
2
2

736
616
53 6
366
172

337
6
2
1
1,

1,371
203
146
78
67

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,061
1,188
4,245
1 ,912
1,270
1,062

85.2
82.5
89.7
91.1
91. 1
85.6

5,716
1,013
4,075
1,791
1,226
1,057

5,2 33
841
3,794
1,637
1,154
1,003

483
172
281
155
71
55

8.4
17.0
6.9
8.6
5-8
5.2

1,052
252
489
187
123
179

35
4
20
4
5
11

197
13 1
66
50
12

249
^3
142
33
40
70

570
103
262
101

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

629
394
234
188

66.9
74.6
57. 1
19.6

628
394
234
188

598
374
224
176

30
20
10
12

4.8
5.2
4.2
6.3

310
135
176
771

11
4
7
30

93
50
44
86

205
80
125

16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

14,001
10,111

6,692

32,129
13,497

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

158




66
95

655

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]

1979
Total labor force

Civilian labor force

Not in labor force

Sex, age, and race
Percent
of

Keeping

population

Going

of
labor

FEMALES
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

4 3,531
7,344
4,504
1,849
2,655

51.1
58.9
54.6
45.8
63.1

4 3,391
7,289
4,481
1,848
2,633

40,446
6,241
3,748
1,510
2,238

2,945

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years . . . .
25 to 54 years . . . .
25 to 29 years . .
30 to 34 years . .
35 to 39 years . .
40 to 44 years . .
45 to 49 years . .
50 to 54 years . .

3 7,881
7,100
26,202
6,066
5,142
4,377
3,757
3,450
3,411

59.9
69.3
62.3
65.8
61.8
63.4
63.9
60.4
56.5

37,765
7,029
26,156
6,034
5,133
4,375
3,755
3,449
3,411

55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

4,579
2,868
1,711

41.9
48.7
33.9

1 , 145
725
420

8.3
15.3
4.7

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

41,692
5, 117
3,743
2, 188
1,555

32,057
1,380

39 4

6.8
14.4
16.4
18.3
15.0

35,590
6,3 58
24,798
5,611
4,839
4, 154
3,599
3,314
3,280

2,175
672
1,358
422
294
220
156
135
130

5.8
9.6
5.2
7.0
5.7
5.0
4.2
3.9
3.8

4,579
2,868
1,711

4,434
2,775
1,659

145
93
52

1, 145
725
420

1, 108
6 99
4 09

466

3,566
2,946
2,475
1,627
846

1,126
22
13
4
8

4,944
767
600
367
232

25,369
3r144
15,874
3, 157
3, 175
2,530
2, 120
2,266
2,626

21,736
2,072
14,242
2,797
2,876
2,290
1,914
2,045
2,320

1,080
712
358
154
6S
59
31
16
S

512
27
26 1
23
29
30
38
49
93

2,040
332
1,013
183
181
152
136
156
204

3.2
3.2
3.1

6,352
3,016
3,335

5,422
2,622
2,800

11
6
4

223
111
113

695
277
418

38
26
11

3.3
3.6
2.7

12,580
4,015
8,566

9,665
3,263
6,402

10

601
113
489

2,304
634

2,819
2,339
1,944
1,278
666

860
15
9
4
6

4,214
593
467
294
174

866
576
279

375
21
187

184
73
23

39
49
99

1,707
249
846
292
248
307

167
82
85

1,048
733
338

655
190

1,670

White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . . .
60 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over

37,635
6,467
4,001
1,661
2,340

50.7
61.6
57.7
49. 1
65.9

37,528
6,424
3,983
1,660
2,323

35,304
5,647
3,428
1,396
2,032

2,224
778
555
264
291

5.9
12.1
13.9
15.9
12.5

36,592
4,028
2,930
1,721
1,209

28,698
1,081
51 C
146
364

32,626
6,121
22,418
9,467
6,966
5,985

59.5
70.7
61.6
63.0
63.0
58.1

32,537
6,067
22,382
S,436
6,963
5,984

30,899
5,595

1,638
47 2
1,043
526
295
223

5.0
7.8
4.7
5.6
4.2
3.7

22,232
2,542
13,957
5,555
4,087
4,315

12,645
5,040
3,718
3,886

4,087
2,556
1,531
1,008

41.6
48.5
33.6
8.1

4,087
2,556
1,531
1,008

3,965
2,480
1,485
977

122
76
46
31

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1

5,732
2,711
3,021
11,430

4,944
2,380
2,564
8,905

9
5
4
9

476

612
244
368
2,040

5,895
877
503
188
315

53. b
44.6
38.2
28.7
47.7

5,863
865
497
188
309

5, 141
595
3 20
114
206

722
270
178
74
103

12.3
31.2
35.7
39.4
33.4

5,100
1,089
813
468
345

3,358
298
145
44
101

74?
61G
532
349
183

266
7
4
1
3

729
175
132
74
59

5,255
978
3,785
1
,741
i,168
876

62.6
61.9
66.4
69. 1
67.5
60.3

5,229
962
3,774
1,731
1,167
876

4,691

10.3
20.8
8.4
11.0
7.0

3, 137
601
1,917
777
563
577

2,453
327

3,460
1,541
1,086
833

53 8
200
316
190
82
43

214
134
7S
5S
17

137
6
74
13
19
43

333
83
166
72
40
53

492
312
180
137

469
295
174
131

23
16
6
6

4.6
5.2
3.5
4.6

57
29
28
125

33
50
264

21,339
8,910
6,668
5,761

19,283
1,695

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . . .
35 to 44 years . .
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 t o 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




492
312
180
137

44.3
50.5
36.4
10.6

763

4.9

620
305
314
1,150

1,598
633
486
479

478
242
236
760

159

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4.

Labor force by sex, age, and race

Total labor force

Sex,age, and race

Thousands of persons

Civilian labor force

Participation rates

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

1978

1979

78.4
63.0
51.8
73.9

58,542
5,078
2, 165
2,8S3

59,5 17
5,031
2,145
2,886

77.9
62. 1
51.S
73.0

77.9
61.7
51.6
72.1

87. 1
94.4
95.5
95.8
91.3

87.6
94.5
95.6
9 5.9
91.5

8,063
36,392
15,284
10,986
10,122

8,239
37,180
15,792
11,337
10,051

86. C
94.3
95.4
95.7
91.3

86.6
94.4
95.4
95.8
91.4

7, 141
4,404
2,737
1,928

73.5
82.9
62.0
20.5

73.0
82.2
61.8
20.0

7,087
4,389
2,698
1,923

7,140
4,403
2,737
1,928

73.5
82.9
62.0
2C.5

73.0
82.2
61.8
20.0

53,867
4,767
1,988
2,779

54,613
4,705
1,950
2,755

79.1
66.3
55.6
76.8

79.1
65.9
55.5
75.9

52,258
4,525
1,969
2,556

53,074
4,492
1,937
2,555

78.6
65.1
55.3
75.3

78.6
64.8
55.3
74.5

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

7,668
33,232
14,074
10,033
9,125

7,795
33,860
14,489
10,345
9,027

88. 1
95.1
96. 1
96.4
92.2

88.4
95.2
96.2
96.5
92.2

7,100
32,454
13,570
9,7S4
9,091

7,225
33,105
14,001
10,111
8,994

87.2
95.0
96. C
96.3
S2. 1

87.6
95.1
96.1
96.4
92.2

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,455
3,993
2,463
1,725

6,512
4,010
2,503
1,740

73.9
83.6
62.2
20.4

73.6
83.1
62.3
20.1

6,454
3,992
2,462
1,725

6,511
4,009
2,503
1,740

73.9
83.6
62.2
2C.4

73.6
83.1
62.3
20.1

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

6,667

6,852

616
220
396

604
211
393

73.3
48.0
33.5
63.2

73.2
46.7
32.0
61.9

6,284
553
216
337

6,443
539
208
331'

72.1
45.4
33.2
5S. 5

71.9
43.9
31.7
57.8

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

1,124
4,098
1,826
1,236
1,035

1,188
4,245
1,912
1,270
1,062

80.5
89.6
91.4
91.3
84.6

82.5
89.7
91. 1
91.1
85.6

963
3,938
1#714
1*192
1,031

1,013
4,075
1,791
1,226
1,057

78.0
69.2
90.9
91. C
€4.5

80.1
89.3
90.6
90.9
85.5

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

632
397
236
198

629
394
234
188

69.1
76.5
59.4
21.3

66.9
74.6
57,1
19.6

632
397
236
198

628
394
234
188

69. 1
76.5
59.4
21.3

66.9
74.6
57.1
19.6

1978

1979

1978

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

60,535
5,383
2,208
3 , 175

61,466
5,309
2,160
3, 149

78.4
63.5
52.2
74.8

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

8,811
37,330
15,900
11,270
10,161

8,983
38,105
16,402
11,615
10,038

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,088
4,390
2,698
1,923

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

1979

1978

1979

MALES

White

Black and other

160




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Total labor force

Sex, age, and race

Thousands of persons

Civilian labor force

Participation rates

1978

1979

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

42,002
4,482
1,866
2,616

43,531
4,504
1,849
2,655

50.1
54.0
45.5
62.3

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,926
25,007
10,580
7,64b
6,782

7,100
26,202
11,208
8,134
6,861

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,469
2,825
1,643
1,120

4,579
2,868
1,711
1,145

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

36,298
3,931
1,684
2,297

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

1978

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

1978

1979

51.1
54.6
45.8
63. 1

4 1,378
4,462
1,865
2,597

43,391
4,481
1,848
2,633

5C.0
53.9
45.5
62. 1

51.0
54.5
45.8
62.9

68.5
60.5
62.2
61.6
57.1

69.3
62.3
63.9
63.6
58.4

6,860
24,968
10,546
7,641
6,781

7,029
26,156
11,167
8,130
6,860

68.3
6C.5
62.1
6 1.6
57. 1

69.1
62.2
63.8
63.6
58.4

41.4
48.6
33. 1
8.4

41.9
46.7
33.9
8.3

4,468
2,825
1,643
1,120

4,579
2,868
1,711
1,145

41. 4
46.6
33.1
8.4

41.9
48.7
33.9
8.3

37,635
4,001
1,661
2,340

49.6
57.0
48.9
64.8

50.7
57.7
49.1
65.9

36,198
3,965
1,683
2, 261

37,528
3,983
1,660
2,323

49.5
56.9
4£.9
64.6

50.6
57.6
49.1
65.8

5,958
21,375
8,931
6,518
5,926

6,121
22,4 18
9,467
6,966
5,985

69.5
59.7
61.1
60.8
56.7

70.7
61.6
63.0
63.0
58. 1

5,906
21,344
8,9C4
6,515
5,925

6,067
22,382
9,436
6,963
5,9 84

69.3
59.7
61.0
6C.7
56.7

70.5
61.6
62.9
63.0
58.1

3,997
2,528
1,469
986

4,087
2,556
1,531
1,008

41.2
48.5
32.7
8.1

41.6
48.5
33.6
8.1

3,997
2,528
1,469
986

4,087
2,556
1,531
1,008

41.2
48.5
32.7
6. 1

41.6
48.5
33.6
8.1

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

5,705
500
182
319

5,895
503
188
315

53.5
38.3
27.7
48.9

53.6
38.2
28.7
47.7

5,679
497
162
315

5,863
497
188
3 09

53.3
36.1
27.7
48.6

53.5
38.0
28.7
47.3

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

967
3,632
1,649
1, 127
856

978
3,785
1,741
1,168
876

63. 1
66.0
68.8
67.2
59.8

61.9
66.4
69.1
67.5
60.3

954
3,624
1,642
1,126
856

962
3,774
1,731
1,167
876

62.8
65.9
66.7
67.1
59.8

61.6
66.3
69.0
67.5
60.3

472
297
174
134

492
312
180
137

43.6
49.4
36.4
10.7

44.3
50.5
36.4
10.6

472
297
174
124

492
312
180
137

43.6
49.4
36.4
1C.7

44.3
50.5
36.4
10.6

1979

1978

1979

FEMALES

White

Black and other

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

.




..
..

161

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]

1979
Civilian labor foroa

Stxandagt
Unemployed

Nonagricultural
indut-

Agriculture

of
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

10,430
886
336
551

9,160
563
201
362

241
19
10
10

8,919
543
191
352

1,269
323
135
189

12.2
36.5
40.2
34.3

6,596
1,335
817
517

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

1,699
6,592
2,935
2,034
1,623

1,353
6,054
2,621
1,896
1,537

26
138
49
47
41

1,328
5,917
2,572
1,849
1,496

346
538
313
138
86

20.4
8.2
10.7
6.8
5.3

727
2,007
769
578
660

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

966
600
366
286

919
568
351
271

33
15
18
25

886
552
333
246

47
32
15
15

4.9
5.4
4.1
5.4

84 1
396
445
1,687

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

5,446
464
177
288

4,836
306
110
196

204
16
9
8

4,632
289
101
188

609
158
67
92

11.2
34.1
37.9
31.9

2,188
607
399
207

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

870
3,418
1 # 486
1,040
892

710
3,163
1,345
974
844

21
117
42
40
34

690
3,047
1,303
934
810

160
255
140
66
48

18.4
7.5
9.4
6.3
5.4

207
425
151
110
164

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

533
332
20 2
160

507
314
192
150

28
13
15
22

479
300
178
128

27
18
9
10

16 years and over .
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

4,984
422
159
263

4,324
257
91
166

37
3
1
2

4,287
254
90
164

660
165
68
97

13.2
39.2
42.9
36.9

4,408
728
418
310

20 to 24 years .
25 to 54 years .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

829
3, 174
1,449
994
731

643
2,891
1,276
922
693

5
21
7
7
7

638
2,870
1,269
915
686

186
283
173
72
38

22.4
8.S
11.9
7.2
5.2

520
1,582
618
468
496

433
268
164
126

412
254
159
121

5
2
3
3

407
252
155
118

20
14
6
5

4.7
5.4
3.6
3.9

551
269
283
1,027

Males

55 to 64 years . . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the 'black and
other' population group.

162




5. 1
5.4
4.5
6.3

290
127
162
660

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]

Males, 20 years and over

Females, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16-19 years

Employment status and race

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

161,058
102,53 7
63.7
100,420
94,37 3
3,342
91,031
6,047
6.U
58,521

163,620
104,996
64.2
10 2,908
96,945
3,297
93,648
5,963
5.8
58,623

68,693
55,152
80.3
53,464
51 r 212
2,361
48,852
2,252
4.2
13,541

69,964
56, 157
80.3
54,486
52,264
2,350
49,913
2,223
4.1
13,80

75,594
37,521
49.6
37,416
35,180
586
34,593
2,236
6.0
38,073

76,976
39,026
5C.7
3 8,910
36,698
591
36,107
2,213
5.7
37,849

16,771
S,fi64
56.8
9,540
7,981
3S5
7,566
1,559
16.3
6,907

16,681
9,813
58.8
9,512
7,98 4
356
7,628
1,528
16.1
6,867

141,289
90,165
63.8
88,456
83,836
3,034
80,802
4,620
5.2
51,124

143,260
92,249
64.4
90,602
86,025
2,999
83,026
4,577
5. 1
51,011

60,877
49,100
80.7
47,733
45,977
2,120
43,857
1,757
3.7
11,777

61,892
49,908
80.6
48,583
46,854
2, 122
44,733
1,728
3.6
11,984

6^,229
32,316
48.8
32,233
30,547
545
30,002
1,686
5.2
33,9 13

67,295
33,634
5C.G
33,545
31,876
546

14,183
6,748
61.7
6,490
7,312
369
6, S43
1, 178
13.9
5,435

14,072
8,707
61.9
8,475
7,295
332
6,963
1,181
13.9
5,365

19,769
12,372
62.6
11,964
10,537
308
10,229
1,427
11.9
7,397

20,359
12,747
62. 6
12,306
10,920
298
10,622
1,386
11.3
7,612

7,816
6,052
77.4
5,731
5,23 6
241
4,995
495
8.6
1,765

8,071
6,249
77.4
5,904
5,409
229
5,180
495
8.4
1,823

9,365
5,204
55.6
5, 182
4,632
41
4, 591
550
10.6
4 , 1t0

9,680
5,392
55.7
5,366
4,822
45
4,777
544
10. 1
4,287

2,588
1,116
43.1
1,050
669
26
643
381
36.3
1,472

2,609
1, 106
42.4
1,036
689
24
665
3 47
33.5
1,502

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

31,33 0
1,669

5.0
33,662

Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
,
Percent oflabor force
Not in labor force




163

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race anjd sex
{Numbers in thousands]

1979
Black and other

White

Employment status

Both
sexes

Both

Females

TOTAL
Total noninstitutiona! population
Total labor force
Percent of population

25,184
16,213
,

Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking fur full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labqr force
Not in labor force

64.4

12,723
8,869
69.7

12,461
7 # 344
58.9

21,303
1U,253

15,508
13,349
525
12,824
2,159
1,378
78 1
13.9
8,971

8,219
7, 108
433
6,675
1,111
727
385
13.5
3,854

7,289
92
6,149

13,712
12,072
488
11,584

1,048
651

1,010

3,428
2,807
113
2,694
621

1,767
1,434
97
1,338
33 2
42
290
18.8

6,241

66.9

1,639

10,808

10,495

7,786
72.0

6,467

7,288

6,424
5,647

61.6

3,881
1,S60
5C.5

1,915
1,C83
56.6

1,966
877
44.6

1,796
1,277
37
1,239

932
682

865
595
7

6,426
4 02
6,024
862
548

86
5,561
778

462

52C
368

397

63 0

14.4
5,117

12.0
7,050

314
11.8
3,022

316
12.1
4,028

152
28.9
1,921

1,661
1,372
16
1,356
289
41
248
17.4
2,948

3,086
2,594

1,599
1,331

111
2,484
491
56
435
15.9

95

1,487
1,264
16
1,248
223
27

4,699

2,339

312
212
2
210
130
27
103
38.0
1,226

5,62 8
4,869
76
4,793
759

10,626
9,478
378
9,100
1,148

5,689
5,095

4,937

1,454
1 , C64
35
1,C30

610
148
13.5
2 , 169

954

519
75
10.4

4,383
70
4, 313
554
435
11.9
11.2
1,690

31
651
250
179
71

26.8
832

588
270
189
81
31.2
1,089

Major activity: going to school
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time w o r k . . . .
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

83
53 8
18.1
5,924

2,976

1,236
268

29
239
16.8
2,360

196
15.0

168
104
2
102
64
13
51

36.3
616

174
109
108
66
14
52
37.7
610

Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work. . . .
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

164




12,081
10,543
412
10,130
1,538
1,295
243
12.7
3,047

6,453
5,674
336
5,337
779
684
95
12.1
878

195
10.8
2,351

308
4,787

594

662

390
34 1

49
26.8
696

764
578
29
550
185
165
20
24.3
216

690
486
6
480
204
176
29

2 9.6
480

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
1979
Full-time labor force

Race, sex, and age

Part-time labor force

Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)

Employed

Fulltime
schedules'

Part
time for
economic
reasons

Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)

Employed
on voluntary
part time'

Percent of
full-time
labor force

Percent of
part-time
labor force

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

87,741
10,125
5,159
1 # 235
3,924
82,582
13,287
69,295
57,420
11,675

79,624
7,776
3,660
734
2,926
75,964
11,393
64,572
53,454
11,118

3,478
971
651
260
392
2,826
7 06
2, 121
1, 681
439

4,63 9
1,378
847
241
606
3,792
1,189
2,60 3
2,285
318

5.3
13.6
16.4
19.5
15.4
4.6
8.9
3.8
4.0
2.7

15,167
5,384
4,353
2,758
1,595
10,814
1,981
8, 633
5,917
2,916

13,843
4,602
3,672
2,277
1,395
10, 171
1,793
8,378
5,586
2,793

1,325
781
681
481
200
644
18£
455
331
124

8.7
14.5
15.6
17.4
12. 5
6.0
9.5
5.2
5.6
4.3

Males, 16 years and o v e r . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,666
5,671
2,909
51,777
7,477
44,300
36,454
7,846

50,596
4,463
2, 127
48,469
6,510
41,960
34,529
7,431

1,590
482
332
1,257
334
923
708
214

2,501
727
451
2, 050
633
1,417
1,217
200

4.6
12.8
15.5
4.0
8.5
3.2
3.3
2.5

4,831
2, 548
2,122
2,710
761
1,548
72 7
1,221

4,314
2, 163
1,777
2,537
690
1,841
685
1,162

518
38 5
345
173
72
102
42
6C

10.7
15.1
16.2
6.4
9.4
5.2
5.8
4.9

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,055
4,453
2,249
30,806
5,810
24,996
20,966
4,030

29,028
3,313
1,534
27,495
4,883
22,612
18,925
3,687

1,888
489
319
1,569
371
1,198
9 73
225

2,138
651
396
1,742
555
1,186
1,068
118

6.5
14.6
17.6
5.7
9.6
4.7
5. 1
2.9

10,336
2,836
2,232
8, 105
1,220
6,885
5,190
1, 695

9,52 9
2,439
1,895
7,63 4
1 , 103
6,532
4,901
1,63C

807
397
336
471
117
354
29C
64

7.8
14.0
15.1
5.8
9.6
5. 1
5.6
3.8

4 8,770
4,996
2,580
46,191
6,552
39,638
32,492
7,146

45,517
4,040
1,S52
43,565
5,802
37,763
30,961
6,802

1,320
408
283
1,038
277
761
585
176

1,933
548
346
1,588
474
1,114
946
168

4.0
11.0
13.4
3.4
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.4

4,304
2,292
1,912
2,39 2
673
1,719
613
1 , 106

3,884
1,978
1,632
2,252
614
1,638
582
1,056

42 1
314
580
14C
55
82
31
50

9.8
13.7
14.6
5.9
8.8
4.8
5. 1
4.5

28,139
3,869
1,976
2 6 , 163
4,965
21,199
17,586
3,612

25,037
2,987
1,407
23,629
4,284
19,345
16,005
3,340

1,545
4 20
279
1, 266
3 03
962
788
174

1,557
462
289
1,268
377
89 1
793
99

5.5
11.9
14.6
4.8
7.6
4.2
4.5
2.7

9,389
2,555
2,C07
7,382
1 , 102
6,280
4,797
1,48 3

8,723
2,24C
1,742
6,981
1,007
5,974
4,546
1,428

667
316
266
40 1
95
306
25 1
55

7. 1
12.4
13.2
5.4
8.6
4.9
5.2
3.7

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,916
6 76
330
5,586
925
4,662
3,961
701

5 , 079
423
175
4,904
708
4 , 197
3,568
629

269
74
49
220
58
163
12J
39

567
179
105
462
160
303
2 70
32

9.6
26.5
31.9
8.3
17.3
6.5
6.8
4.6

527
256
209
318
89
22 9
114
116

430
185
145
285
76
20S
103
106

97
71
65
32
12
20
10
10

18.4
27.7
30.8
10.2
14.0
8.7
8.8
8.6

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,916
584
273
4,643
845
3,798
3,380
418

3,992
325
126
3,866
599
3,267
2,920
348

343
69
40
303
68
235
185
50

581
189
107
474
178
297
277
20

11.8
32. i*
39.2
10.2
21. 1
7.8
8.2
4.8

947
281
224
723
118
605
394
211

807
20C
154
653
96
556
355
202

140
81
70
70
22
49
39
10

14.8
28.8
31.4
9.7
18.5
8.1
9.9
4.7

White
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
- 25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

'.'

Black and other

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and
part-time employed categories.




165

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship

[Numbers in thousands]

1979
Civilian labor f o r a

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
labor
force

Employed

Going

Keeping

Total, 16 years and over

102,908

63.7

96,945

5,963

5.8

58,623

32,419

7,179

2,868

16,157

Husbands1
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,955
20,638
1,094
17,545

81.4
91.9
93.3
71.7

39,832
20,141
991
17,099

1,123
497
103
447

2.7
2.4
9.4
2.5

9,337
1,814
77
6,942

162
40
2
92

191
102
5
64

1,170
377
23
697

7,815
1,296
47
6,089

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

23,625
21,132
601
1,891

49.1
55.3
57.4
21.4

22,453
20,141
497
1,814

1,172
991
103
77

5.0
4.7
17.1
4.1

24,488
17,099
447
6,942

22,269
15,900
415
5,954

261
223
8
30

280
96
6
176

1,678
879
17
782

Relatives in husband-wife families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over

,367
,797
,919
,651

62.4
58.0
76.3
54.7

12,671
5,825
4,418
2,428

1,696
972
501
223

11.8
14.3
10.2
8.4

8,639
4,919
1,528
2,192

1,340
203
175
962

4,891
3,804
998
89

367
17
39
311

2,042
895
316
831

Women who head families
Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over

,993
,168
,413
,243
,512

59.3
56.6
51.7
72.6
51.9

4,581
3,450
1,046
1,035
1,369

413
718
367
209
142

8.3
17.2
26.0
16.8
9.4

3,424
3,190
1,322
468
1,400

2,722
812
96
110
606

99
1,195
953
201
41

161
269
9
17
243

442
914
262
140
512

Persons not living in families 2

,800

60.8

13,958

841

5.7

9,545

5,114

542

621

3,266

1
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.

2
Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in
secondary families.

10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, a g j , and race

Unemploym

Thousands of
persons

Marital status, sex, age, and race

1978

1979

1978

Thousands of
persons

1979

1978

Unemployment

1979

1978

1979

Total, 16 years and over

3,051

3,018

5.2

5.1

2,996

2,945

7.2

6.8

Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1, 106
295
1,650

1, 101
302
1,615

2.8
6.5
11.6

2.7
6.5
11.0

1,274
543
1, 179

1,224
540
1,181

5.5
6,9
10.9

5.1
6.7
10.4

2,365

2,354

4.5

4.4

2,255

2,224

6.2

5.9

935
210
1,221

920
215
1,219

2.6
5.8
9.9

2.5
5.7
9,6

1,063
385
807

1,040*
388
796

5.1
6.1
8.8

4.8
6.0
8.3

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

166




686

664

10.9

10.3

741

722

13.1

12.3

171
85
129

181
88
396

4.8
9.8
22.9

5.0
9.8
20.3

211
158
372

185
152
385

8.7
10.1
21.9

7.4
9.6
21.4

2, 171

2, 156

4.2

4.1

2,193

2,175

6.0

5.8

1,028
274
869

1,033
281
. 84 1

2.7
6.4
9.3

2.7
6.4
8.6

1 , 184
506
503

1, 134
502
538

5.3
7.1
7.5

4.9
6.8
7.5

1,690

1,673

3.7

3.6

1,650

1,638

5.3

5.0

867
196
628

86 0
200
613

2.5
5.7
7.9

2.5
5.6
7.3

985
355
310

953
358
322

4.9
6.2
5.6

4.6
6.1
5.5

481

483

8.7

8.4

544

538

10.8

10.3

163 *
79
240

174
81
227

4.8
9.6
18.1

5.0
9.6
16.0

199
152
194

176
145

8.4
10.4
15-8

7.3
9.7
16.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANN UAL AVERAGES
11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex

Thousands of persons
Occupation

1978

Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft .
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1

1979

6,047

5,963

1,717
381
214
256
866

1,703
373
225
252
853
2,377
604
308
296
1,000
206
566
185
381
980
54
925
106
798
590
131
77

2,323
60 3
322
281
960
19.
566
172
394
1,029

63
966
110

868
652
142
73

1978

1979

6.0
3.5
2.6
2.1
4.1
4.9
6.9
4.6
7.9
3.2
8.1
5.2
10.7
16.1
9.3
7.4
5.1
7.6
3.8

5.8
3.3
2.4
2.1
3.9
4.6
6.9
4.5
7.3
3.2
8.4
5.4
10.8
17.4
9.1
7.1
4.8
7.3
3.8

1978

1979

5.2
2,3
2.0
1.7
3.0
4. 1
6.2
4.6
7.8
3.0
6.5
5.1
10.8
16. 1
9.3
6.8

5.1
2.2
1.8
1.7
2.8
3.8
6.2
4.4
7.3
3.1
6.9
5.4
10.8
17. 1
9.0
6.6
(1)
6.6
3.0

(1)
6.8
2.9

1978

1979

7.2
4.6
3.5
3.4
5.5
5.1
9.7
6.0

6.8
4.3
3.3
3.4
5.3
4.8
9.7
5.0
9.4
4.5

12.5
5.4
10.4
7.4
9.8
(1)
9.6
7.8
5.0
8.2
7.5

10.6
5.0
11.0

(D
10.1
7.4
4.8
7.8
70

Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.

12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
,
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment . . .
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience




Total

1978

1979

*OQ.O
71.5
.6
8.5
20.0
10.7
.9
.5
.6
.9
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.6
.9
.7
.4
1. 1
9.4
2.4
.9
2.1
.5
1.2
.5
.9
.7
3.2
.3
2.1
.8
20.9
2.6
15.7
6.7
9.0
2.2
11.8
14.3

100.0
72.7
.7
8.8
21.3
11.5
.7
.6
.7
.9
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.4
1.7
.8
.4
.9
9.8
2.6
.9
2.3
.5
1.2
.7
.9
.8
3.4
.2
2.4
.8
20.3
2.7
15.5
6.7
8.7
2.4
11.5
13.4

1978

6.0
5.9
4.1
10.6
5.5
4.9
7.7
5.8
5.5
4.2
5.4
3.3
5.1
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.4
8.5
6.3
7.4
6.0
9.3
4.5
4.9
2.7
7.5
6.9
3.7
3.5
5. 1
2.2
6.9
3.1
5.7
4.3
7.6
8.8
2.9

Female*

Males

1979

5.8
5.7
4.9
10.2
5.5
5.0
6.3
6.1
5.7
4. 1
5.9
3.1
4.4
6.1
7.4
4.4
4.2
7.4
6.4
8.0
6.4
9.8
3.9
4.6
3.5
6.7
6.9
3.7
1.8
5.5
2.0
6.5
3.0
5.4
4.1
7.3
9.1
2.8
—-

1978

5.2
5.2
4.2
10.8
4.2
4.1
7.5
4.9
4.7
3.9
4.6
2.9
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
2.5
6.3
4.4
5.7
4.8
7.5
3.2
4.1
1.8
5.2
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.9
1.4
5.6
2.7
5.2
3.6
6.6
7.2
2.4
—

1979

5.1
5.2
5.0
10.4
4.4
4.4
6.3
6.1
5.0
4.0
5.3
2.8
3.3
5.7
7.0
4.0
2.6
5.7
4.3
5.4
4.0
8.0
2.8
4.1
2,8
4.2
5.2
3.4
1.9
5.2
1.3
5.4
2.3
5.1
3.3
6.7
7.7
2.2

1978

7.2
6.8
3.6
7.7
8.2
7.4
9.2
7.6
8.5
6.3
8.0
5.2
7.6
5.9
4.9
7.0
6.8
11.0
9.0
11.2
7.3
, S.8
8.6
6.1
5.4
11.3
10.7
4.4
3.7
5.8
3.5
8.3
3.4
6.0
4.6
8.4
14.5
3.5

1979

6.8
6.5
4.3
7.5
8.0
6.6
6.2
6.2
8.7
5.2
8.2
4.5
5.8
8.1
9.3
6.5
6.0
9.6
9.4
13.8
9.0
10.3
7.5
5.4
5.4
11.0
10.2
_.~
6,4
3.4
7.7
3.5
5.6
4.4
7.8
14.0
3.4
—

167

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Males, 20 years
and over

Total

Females, 20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19 years

White

Back and other

RflosaWi for iM6ivi ploy wont

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1978

1979

1978

1979

1979

UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands...
Job losers
On layoff
Othtr job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,047
2,514
698
1,816
851
1,814
86 7

5,963
2,555
835
1,720
854
1,7 58
797

2,252
1,387
387
1,000
326
456
82

2,223
1,413
462
951
313
429
68

2,236
831
248
583
362
909
134

2,213
827
291
536
360
88 5
140

1,559
296
64
232
164
448
651

1,528
314
83
231
181
444
589

4,620
1,972
593
1,379
709
1,348
591

4,577
1,993
694
1,299
715
1,314
555

1,427
542
105
437
142
467
276

1,386
562
142
420
139
444
242

100.0
41.5
11.5
30.0
14. 1
30.0

100.0
42.8
14.0
28.8
14.3
29.5
13.4

100.0
61.6
17.2
44.4
14.5
20.3
3.6

100.0
63.6
20.8
42.8
14. 1
19-3
3.0

100.0
37.2
11.1
26. 1
16.2
40.7
6.0

100.0
37.3
13.1
24.2
16.3
40.0
6.3

100.0
19.0
4.1
14.9
10.5
28.8
41.8

100.0
20.5
5.4
15.1
11.8
29.0
38.6

100.0
42.6
12.8
29.8
15.4
29.2
12.8

100.0
43.6
15.2
28.4
15.6
28.7
15.1

100.0
38.0
7.3
30.7
9.9
32.7
19.4

100.0
40.5
10.2
30.3
10.0
32.0
17.4

5.8
2.5
.8
1.7

4.2
2.6
.6
.9
.2

4.1
2.5
.6
.8
.1

6.0
2.3
1.0
2.4

5.7
2.1
.9
2.3

5.2
2.3
.8
1.5
.7

5. 1
2.2
.6
1.5
.6

11.3
4.6
1. 1
3.6

.4

16.1
3.3
1.9
4.7
6.2

11.9
4.6
1.2
3.9

.4

16.3
3.1
1.7
4.7
6.8

2.3

2.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants . .

14.3

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job losers rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1. .

6.0
2.5
.8
1.8
.9

.8

Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.

14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]

1979
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

of persons

Total, 16 years and o v e r . . . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

15 weeks

5,963

100.0

48. 1

31.7

20.2

11.5

8.7

2,555
835
1,720
854
1,758
797

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.U

41.0
55.0
34.2
49.8
54.6
54.6

33.7
30.8
35. 1
32.5
29. 1
30.4

25.3
14.1
30.7
17.7
16.3
15.0

14.7
10.3
16.9
10.0
9.0
6.2

10.6
3.9
13.8
7.7
7.3
6.8

2,223

100.0

40.3

32.8

26.8

14.5

12.2

1,413
462
951
313
429
68

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

38.0
53.2
30.6
43.8
45.7
40.0

33. 1
31.4
34.0
34.6
30.9
31.6

28.9
15.5
35.4
21.7
23.4
28.4

16.5
11.6
18.8
11.0
11.2
12.5

12.4
3.9
16.6
10.7
12.2
15.8

Females, 20 years and over.

2,213

100.0

49.0

31.3

19.7

11.4

8.3

Job losers ,
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leaver*
R69ntrftntf • • • • • • • « • • « • • * • • * *
New entreats

827
291
536
360
885
140

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.9
54.8
33.3
49. 1
56.1
52.0

34.9
30.6
37.2
31.3
28.4
28.7

24.2
14.6
29.5
19.6
15.4
19.3

14.4
10.1
16.7
11.5
8.8
9.7

9.9
4.5
12.7
8.1
$•7
9.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.

1,528

100.0

58.1

30.6

11.2

7.1

4.1

314
83
231
181
444
589

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

55.3
66.1
51.3
61.7
60.3
56.9

33.1
28.9
34.6
31.1
28.7
30.7

11.7
5.0
14.1
7.2
11.0
12.5

7.7
3.5
9.3
5.1
7.3
7.3

3.9
1.5
4.8
2.0
3.7
5.1

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leaven
Reentrants
New entrants

168




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race

1979
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekcrs

Thousands of persons

Average
number of

Sex, age. and race
Total
jobseekers

Public
Employer
directly

Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,963
1,528
1,377
1,375
700
542
33 8
104

5,015
1,420
1,162
1,108
555
420
266
86

26.5
19.2
29.4
30.7
30.8
28.3
25.6
17.4

6.4
3.2
7.3
8.3
8.5
6.7
6.8
3.5

71.1
77.4
72.2
68.8
67.7
66.4
60.2
60.5

30.0
23.9
31.8
35. 1
31.5
30.5
28.S
33.7

13.6
13.0
12.'7
14.0
13.9
15.0
14.7
19.8

6.5
5.1
5.2
6.3
7.6
9.3
12.8
7.0

1.54
1.42
1.59
1.63
1.60
1.56
1.49
1.42

Males, 16 years and over..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,018
795
705
659
323
27b
193
67

2,442
728
567
488
244
208
149
57

28-5
19.9
31.4
35.2
35.7
32.2
25.5
17.5

6.5
3.2
6.7
9.4
9.8
7.2
6.7
3.5

72.2
78.4
73.5
69.5
68.9
68.3
59. 1
64.9

27.8
22. 1
29.5
34.4
28.7
26.4
25.5
35.1

16.2
15.0
14.8
18.0
17.2
17.8
16. 1
19.3

7.9
4.9
6.2
8.0
10.2
13.5
16.8
8.8

1.59
1.44
1.62
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.50
1.49

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,945
733
672
716
376
266
145
38

2,574
692
595
620
311
212
116
28

24.5
18.5
27.6
27. 1
27.0
24.1
26.7
(D

6.3
3.5
7.7
7.4
7.4
6.1
6.9
(D

70.1
76.3
70.9
68.2
66.9
64.2
61.2
(1)

32.2
25. S
34.1
35.6
33.8
34.4
33.6
(1)

11.2
11.0
10.8
10.8
11.3
11.8
12.9
(1)

5.1
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.7
7.8
(1)

1.49
1.40
1.55
1.54
1.52
1.46
1.49
1.36

White, 16 years and over •
Males
Females

4,577
2,354
2,224

3,778
1,866
1,912

23.8
26.4
21.4

6.2
6.3
6.0

72.4
73.3
71.6

31.6
29.2
33.9

14.0
16.4
11.6

6.4
8.1
4.7

1.54
1.60
1.49

Black and other, 16 years
and over
Males
Females

1,386
664
722

1,2 37
575
662

34.5
35.7
33.5

7.0
7.0
6.9

67.1
68.7
65.7

25.4
23.1
27.2

12.5
15.5
10.0

6.6
7. 1
6.2

1.53
1.57
1.50

NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or waiting to
begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted

that the percent using each method will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more
than one method.
1

16.

Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.

Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment

1979
Thousands of persons

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Average
number of
methods
used

Sex and reason
Public

Private
employment
agency

Placed
or answered
ads

Friends
or

71.1
70.9
73.0
67.9
76.2

30.0
31.6
35.3
29.3
22.4

13.6
15.6
13.7
11.8
12.8

6.5
7.7
4.0
7.2
4.8

1.54
1.68
1.60
1.44
1.38

6.5
7.2
6.8
6.4
3.5

72.2
71.2
73.2
69.9
78.2

27.8
29.1
32.1
27.1
19.5

16. 2
17.0
16.3
15.2
15.3

7.9
9.6
4.6
6.8
5.0

1.59
1.69
1.61
1.50
1.40

6.3
7.1
7.7
5.9
4.2

70.1
70.3
72.7
66.9
74.8

32.2
36.0
38.5
30.4
24.8

11.2
13.2
11.5
10.0
10.9

5.1
4.6
3.4
6.3
4.7

1.49
1.67
1.59
1.40
1.37

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,963
2,555
854
1,758
797

5,015
1,717
855
1,657
787

26.5
35.2
26.5
21.4
18.0

6.4
7.2
7.3
6.2
3.9

Males, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,018
1,611
413
651
342

2,442
1,087
411
605
339

28.5
35. 1
28.0
22.8
18.6

Females, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,945
944
441
1,106
455

2,574
630
444
1,052
448

24.5
35.6
25.2
20.6
17.6

mant
agency

Employer
directly

Other

NOTE: See note, table 15.




169

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES
17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total

Full-tifM workers

Duration of untmployinent
Thousands of persons

1978

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 t o 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over . . .
27 t o 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Percent distribution

1979

Thousanda of paraons

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,047

5,963

100.0

100.0

4,706

4,639

100.0

100.0

2,793
1,875
1,377
499
1,379
746
633
322
311

2,869
1,892
1,3 96
496
1,202
684
518
269
249

46.2
31.0
22.8
8.3
22.8
12.3
10.5
5.3
5. 1

48.1
31.7
23.4
8.3
20.2
11.5
8.7
4.5
4.2

1,996
1,498
1,087
411
1,213
647
566
290
276

2,060
1,521
1,112
409
1,056
598
460
240
220

42.4
31.fi
23.1
8.7
25.€
13.7
12.C
6.2
5.9

44.4
32.8
24.0
8.8
22.8
12.9
9.9
5.2
4.7

11.9
5.9

10.3
5.4

13.0
6.7

11.8
6.2

:..

18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status

Thousandi of persons

Jex. age, race, and marital status
Total

Average
(mean)
duration.

Lass than
5 weeks

27 weeks

in weeks

1979

Lass than S weeks as a 15 weeks and ovar as a
percent of unemployed percent of unemployed
in group
in group

1978

1979

1978

1979

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,963
2,159
1,526
1,377
1,375
700
542
338
104

2,869
1,214
888
685
618
298
214
127
39

1,892
673
468
44 1
456
215
171
105
36

684
173
109
159
180
95
78
48
15

518
99
63
91
121
92
78
58
15

10.8
7.9
7.4
9.7
11.1
13.3
14.5
17.0
16.1

5.4
4.4
4.3
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.5
8.2
7.8

46.2
53.6
55.7
46.7
43.9
42.3
36.2
36.4
38.2

48. 1
56.2
58.1
49.8
44.9
42.6
39.6
37.5
37.1

22.8
15.0
13.2
20.8
24.9
27.5
32.5
36.3
36.8

20.2
12.6
11.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
28.9
31.4
28.5

MBles, 16 years and over
16 t o 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,018
1,111
795
705
659
323
276
193
67

1,345
603
448
333
265
116
95
66
23

979
353
248
234
223
106
86
60
21

385
100
62
91
98
46
48
30
11

309
55
37
47
72
56
48
37
12

12.0
8.3
7.9
10.1
12.5
15.7
16.8
19.2
19.3

6.1
4.6
4.4
5.6
7.0
8.5
9.4
9.3
9.2

42.4
51.8
54.9
43.2
38.0
35.7
30.5
32.3
36.6

44.6
54.3
56.3
47.3
40.2
35.8
34.3
34.1
33.6

26.2
16.8
14. 1
23.8
29.1
34.3
38.3
38.8
40.9

23.0
14.0
12.4
19.5
25.9
31.5
34.5
35.0
34.3

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,945
1,048
733
672
716
376
266
145
38

1,524
611
440
352
353
182
120
61
16

913
320
220
207
232
109
85
45
15

299
72
47
68
82
49
31
18
4

209
44
26
45
49
36
31
21
3

9.6
7.5
6.9
9.3
9.8
11.3
12.1
14.1
10.3

4.8
4.3
4.2
4.8
5.2
5.4
6.1
6.7
6.2

50.1
55.4
56.6
50.4
49.4
47.6
42.0
41.9
41.4

51.7
58.3
60. 0
52.4
49.3
46.4
45.1
42.2
42.9

19.3
13.2
12.2
17.6
21.1
22.0
26.6
33.0
29. 1

17.2
11.2
9.9
16.8
18.2
22.6
23.0
26.5
18.2

White, 16 years and over
Males

4,577
2,354
2 # 224

2,263
1,082
1,181

1,438
756
682

518
298
219

359
218
141

10.3
11.4
9.0

5.1
5.9
4.7

47.9
44.3
51.7

49.4
46.0
53.1

21.5
24.5
18.4

19,1
21.9
16.2

1,386
664
722

606
263
343

454
223
231

166
87
80

159
92
67

12.7
14.2
11.3

6.4
7.2
5.6

40.7
35.8
45.2

43.7
39.6
47.5

26.9
32.0
22.2

23.5
26.9
20.4

1,101
302
1,615

437
112
796

366
102
511

161
43
181

136
45
128

13.4
15.6
10.5

7.2
7.8
5.2

35.9
39.8
47.1

39.7
37.0
49.3

32.0
31.0
21.5

27.0
29.3
19.1

1,224
540
1,181

636
249
639

377
174
362

135
60
104

76
57
76

9.1
11.6
9.1

4.8
5.9
4.6

49.9
46.2
52.0

51.9
46.2
54.1

20.1
23.0
16.8

17,2
21.6
15.3

Females
Black and other, 16 years and over
Females
Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

17O




/

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of parsons
Average

Occupation and industry

Median
duration,
in weeks

duration,
in weeks

15 to 26
weeks

1979

Less than 5 weeks
as a percent of
unemployed in group

15 weeks and over
as a percent of
unemployed in group

1978

1978

1979

1979

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales workers
Clerical workers

1 , 703
598
252
853

796
252
121
423

542
190
84
268

203
30
30
92

163
77
17
69

11.3
13.3
10.1
10.3

5.7
7.0
5.4
5.1

44.8
39.7
47.7
41.5

46.8
42. 1
4£. 1
4S.6

24.8
29,4
22. 1
22.5

21.4
26. 1
18.6
19.0

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

2 , 377
604
1 , 000
206
566

1,077
261
474
88
254

777
208
309
68
192

307
77
127
29
74

216
58
90
22
46

11.2
11.7
11.0
12.2
10.7

6.0
6.3
5.6
6.5
6.0

43.3
41.2
44. 1
35.0
45.7

45.3
43.2
47.4
42.7
44.8

25.0
26.6
24.9
27.4
22.7

22.0
22.4
21.7
24.3
21.3

980

498

300

100

82

10.4

4.9

49.6

50.8

19.3

18.6

141
548
1,2 73
687
587
229
1,223
1,419
189

80
239
578
303
275
99
600
699
78

44
198
393
210
183
72
403
433
60

13
72
170
97
73
29
135
155
28

4
39
132
77
56
29
86
132
24

7.4
10.3
11.8
12.4
11.1
13.0
9.8
11.0
13.4

4.4
6.3
6.1
6.4
5.7
6.4
5.2
5.2
7.3

53.8
44.5
41.7
3S.6
44.2
4i. 2
48.4
46.4
37.4

56.9
4 3.7
45.4
4 4.1
46.9
H3.2
45.1
49.3
4 1.1

15.7
22. 3
27.8
30.7
24.4
27.4
21.C
22.6
29.6

12.2
20.2
23.7
25.2
21.9
25-4
18.0
20.2
27.2

798

436

242

65

55

9.7

4.6

51.6

54.6

17.3

15.0

Service workers
INDUSTRY

1

Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

2 0 . Employed persons by sex and age
[In thousands]

Age and type of industry

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricuhural industries
16 to 19 years
'..'..
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

.
'.....

55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
••• •
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . .




1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

94,373
7,981
3,269
4,712
13,498
58,759
24,472
17,938
16,349
11,217
7,003
4,213
2,919

96,945
7,984
3,271
4,713
13,891
60,721
25,584
18,768
16,369
11,380
7,060
4,320
2,969

55,49 1
4,279
1,767
2,512
7,330
35, 149
14,629
10,678
9, 84 2
6,892
4,266
2,626
1,842

56 ,499
4 ,236
1 ,761
2 ,475
7 ,534
35 ,923
15 ,133
11 ,014
9 ,775
6 ,946
4 ,285
2 ,661
1 ,861

J8 ,882
3 ,702
1,5C2
2 , 2 CO
6 ,166
23 ,6CS
S,843
7(r 26C
6,,507
4,,325
2,,738
1,,587
1,,077

40 , 4 4 6
3 ,74 8
1,510
2 ,238
6,358
24 , 7 9 8
10 , 4 5 0
7,, 7 5 4
6,, 5 9 4
4 ,434
2, r 775
1,,659

91,031
7,586
3,054
4,532
13,108
57,092
23,858
17,437
15,796
10,680
6,710
3,970
2,566

93,648
7,628
3, 067
4,560
13,493
59,010
24,933
18,261
15,815
10,875
6, 799
4,076
2,642

53 ,854
3 (,941
1 ,594
2,,347
7,,210
34,,609

3,342
395
214
180
390
1,667
614
501
553
536
293
243
354

3,297
356
203
153
398
1,711
650
506
554
505
261
244

52,810
3,959
1,596
2,363
7,017
33,86 1
14, 148
10,296
9,417
6,447
4,033
2,414
1,527
2,681
320
170
150
313
1,288
481
382
425
445
233
212
315

3 8 , ,221
3 , ,627
1,,45fi
2 ,, 169
6,,GS1
22, 2 3 1
9 . P 7 10
7 ,, 1 4 1
6 .,379
4 , 234
2 , ,677
1 , 556
1# 038
661
75
44
3C
77
379
133
119
127
S1
60
31
39

39, ,79 4
3 ,,687
1,474
2,,213
6,,283
2 4 , ,40 0
10.,317
7 , ,626
6 , ,457
4 . 351
2 , 727
1 , 625
1 r 072
652
61
36
25
75
398
133
128
137
83
48
34
36

' "

i

,616

10,,635
9|,358
6,,524

,073
,451
1 ! ,570
2 , 645
295
167
127
324
1 , 313
517
378
417
422
213
210

hr 108

171

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
21.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

[In thousands]

Males, 20 years and over

Females, 20 years and over

Males, 16-19 years

Females, 16-19 years

Occupation

TOTAL

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

94,373

96,945

51,212

52,264

35,180

36,698

4,279

4,236

3,702

3,748

White-collar workers

47,205

49,342

21,981

22,639

22,741

24,107

652

667

1,831

1,930

Professional and technical

14,245
2,605
2,992
8,648

15,050
2,809
3,118
9, 123

8,066
915

5,988
1,670
2,106
2,212

6,425
1,839
2,187
2,3 99

97

96

8 63
6,288

8,43 5
951
90 6
6,578

94
18
17
59

94
13
19
62

10, 105
8,277
895
933

10,516
8,733
849
935

7,687
6,279
617
791

7,877
6,510
576
791

2,324
1,910
275
138

2,5 37
2,126
271
140

56
51
2
3

54
48
2
4

37
36
1

49
48

5,951
3, 172
2,779

6,163
3,215
2, 948

3,056
976
2#079

3,141
1,007
2 , 134

2,254
1,633

621

2,338
1,605
732

230
180
49

243
189
54

412
383
29

442
414
28

16,904
4,729
12,175

17,613
4,825
12,788

3,172
69
3,103

3 , 186
65
3,121

12,175
4,290
7,885

12,807
4,404
8,403

269
6
2 63

275
8
267

1,288
365
923

1,345
348
99 7

31,531

32,066

23,367

23,76 1

5,313

5,477

2,398

2,394

454

434

Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenter
ers
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
All other

12,386
1,253
2,508
3,335
1,213

12,880
1,276
2,639
3,451
1, 291

11,213
1,166
2,351
3,124
1, 145

11,595
1,178
2,464
3,206
1,213

653
10
31
47
34

691
13
37
46
34

476
75
120
161
33

549
62
132
196
41

6
2
1

47
3
5
3
4

1,671
2,404

1,739
2,484

1,496
1,930

1,550
1,983

164
366

173
387

9
77

12
87

2
31

4
28

Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries

10,875
4, 909
3,479
2,487

10,909
3,032
3,376
2,501

5,858
3,031
1,354
1,473

5,892
3,057
1,316
1,520

4,025
1,538
1,874
612

4,080
1,654
1,835
591

696
232
119
345

6 63
221
1 11
332

296
108
132
56

273
100
115
58

Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles . . . .
All other

3,541
3,011
530

3.6 12
3,0 66
546

3,096
2,606
490

3,137
2,643
494

242
230
12

275
256
19

188
161
26

181
150
31

15
13
2

19
17
1

Nonfarm laborers . .
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Other industries . .

4,729
895
1#106
2,7 28

4,665
878
1,068
2.7 19

3,200
700
818
1,682

3,136
676
78 9
1,672

393
15
143
235

431
17
151
263

1,038
175
132
730

1,001
181
112
708

98
5
13
81

96
4
17
76

12,839

12,834

3,844

3,88 1

6,673

6,674

960

942

1,361

1,337

1 ,162
11,677
4,283
1,358
6, 036

1,088
11,746
4,300
1,406
6,040

14
3,829
753
1,220

15
3,865
786
1,259

894
5,779
2,170
111
3,498

848
5,827
2, 185
118
3,524

13
9 47
581
23
343

11
932
572
23
337

240
1,121
779
4
338

214
1,122
757
6
359

2,798

2,703

453

440

269

233

56

47

130

138

17

17

1

323
132
191

30 2
124
T78

252

216

195
57

155
60

55
37
18

Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical

......

Managers and administrators, except farm .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade . . .
Self-employed workers, except retail trade
Sales workers . . . .
Retail trade . . . .
Other industries .
Clerical workers
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
Blue collar workers . .

Service workers •
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other .
Farmworkers
Farmers and farm managers

j

1,480

1,446

1 ,318
1,019
299

1,257
971
286

1,856

1,820

2,020

1,934

1,332
Farm laborers and supervi:
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers

172




3
5
89

1,291

688

693

655
33

657
36

46
35
11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES
22.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and race

1978

1979

1978

1979

1S78

1979

94,373

96,945
100.0

55,491
100.0

56,499
100.0

38,882
100.0

40,446
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

50 . 0
15 . 1
10 . 7
6.3
17 . 9

50.9
15.5
10.8
6.4
18.2

40.8
14.7
14.0
5.9
6.2

41.2
15. 1
14.0
6.0
6.1

63.2
15.6
6.1
6.9
34.6

64.4
16. 1
6.4
6.9
35.0

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

33 . 4
13 . 1
11 . 5
3. 8
5.0

33. 1
13.3
11.3
3.7
4.8

46.4
21.1
11.8
5.9
7.6

46.3
21.5
11.6
5.9
7.3

14.8
1.8
11.1
.7
1.3

14.6
1.8
10.8
.7
1.3

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

13 . 6
1.2
12 . 4

13.2
1 .1
12.1

8.7
(1)
8.6

d)

8.5
8.5

20.7
2.9
17.7

19.8
2.6
17.2

3.9
2.3
1.6

1.3
.3
1.C

1.2
.3
.9

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors . . x

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

100 . 0

3 .0
1. 6
1. 4

2.6
1-5
1.3

83,836

86,025
100.0

49,893
100.0

50,721
100.0

33,943
100.0

35,304
100.0

42.4
15.3
14.8
6.3
6.0

42.8
15.6
14.9
6.4
6.0

65.5
15.8
6.5
7.4
55.7

66.5
16.4
6.8
7.4
35.9

100 . 0

4. 1
2.4
1.7

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

5 1 .. 8
15 . 5
6 .. 7
13 . 0

52.5
15.9
11.6
6.8
18.2

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

32.. 9
13 . 7
1 1.. 0
3..6
4..6

32.6
13.8
10.8
3.6
4.5

45.6
21.7
11.4
5.6
7-0

45.5
22.0
11.2
5.6
6.7

14.3
1.S
10.5
.7
1.2

14. 1
1.9
10.2
.8
1.3

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

1 2 ,.3
.9

1 1., 4

12.0
.8
11.1

7.8
(1)
7.8

7. 7
(1)
7.7

18.8
2.2
16.6

18. 1
2.0
16. 1

3..0
1.,7
1 . ,3

2.9
1.6
1.2

4.2
2.6
1.5

4.0
2.5
1.5

1.4
.4
1.C

1.3
.4
.9

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

10,537
100. 0

10,92 0
100.0

5,599
100. 0

5,779
1C0.0

4,938
100.0

5, 14 1
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

36.
11.
4.
2.
16.

2
7
8
8
9

37.9
12.2
5.2
2.8
17.7

26.7
9.3
6.5
2.6
7.8

27.4
10.5
6.9
2.5
7.6

47.1
13.8
2.9
3.1
27.2

49.7
14. 2
3.4
3. 1
29.0

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

37. 2

8. 8
15. 5
5. 0
7.9

36.7
9.4
15.1
4.8
7.4

53.6
15.4
15.7
8.9
13.6

53.2
16.6
15.4
8.5
12.7

18.6
1.3
15.3
.5
1.4

18.0
1.2
14.7
.6
1.6

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

24. 1
3. 6
20. 5

23.2
3.3
19.9

15.9
.1
15.8

15.9
.1
15.7

33.4
7.7
25.e

31.5
6.8
24.6

2. 4
5
2. 0

2.2
.3
1.9

3.9
.8
3.0

3.5
.6
2.9

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and- supervisors

1 1.. 4

Black and other

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors

1

.9
.1
.7

.8
. 1
.7

Less than 0.05 percent.




173

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANN UAL AVERAGES
23. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979
Percent of total

Percent of total

Occupations

Total
employed

Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Accountants
Architects
Computer specialists
Computer programmers
Computer systems analysts
Engineers
Aeronautical and astronauticat engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Foresters and conservationists
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Life and physical scientists
Biological scientists
Chemists
Operations and systemsresearchersand analysts ..
Personnel and labor relations workers
Physicians, dentists and related practitioners
Dentists
Pharmacists
Physicians, medical and osteopathic
Nurses, dieticians, and therapists
<
Registered nurses
Therapists
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiologic technologists and technicians
,
Religious workers
Clergy
Social scientists
,
Economists
Psychologists
,
Social and recreation workers
Social workers
,
Recreation workers
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Adult education teachers
Elementary school teachers
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers
Secondary school teachers
Teachers except college and university, n.e.c . .
Engineering and science technicians
Chemical technicians
Drafters
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
Surveyors
Technicians, except health, engineering and science
Airplane pilots
Radio operators
Vocational and educational counselors
Writers, artists, and entertainers
,
Athletes and kindred workers
,
Designers
,
Editors and reporters
,
Musicians and composers
Painters and sculptors
,
Photographers
Public relations specialists and publicity writers .
Research workers, not specified
Ail other professional and technical workers
Managers and administrators, except farm
Bank officials and financial managers
Buyers and purchasing agents
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade . . .
Credit and collection managers
Health administrators

174



,

Black

Occupations

Total
Female

96,945

41.7

11.3

49,342
15,050
1,045
84
534
321
177
1,385
64
162
356
245
237
57
499
478
201
188
280
55
125
156
413
787
131
135
431
1,488
1,223
207
534
217
104
339
282
238
119
91
477
361
116
545
3,118
76
1,374
234
1,213
220
1,039
84
305
251
85
197
72
58
167
1,243
105
179
201
145
189
107
130
159
64

52.8
43.3
32.9

8.4
8.9
8.4
9.5

46.6
21.5
43.8
37.1
39.1

12.0
14.1
8.2
5.0
8.2
9.5
7.5
9,2
2.4
4.6
1.4
5.2
14.4
5.7
4.8
6.1
5.5
6.9
5.8
6.5
3.8
9.4
6.3

10,516
620
451
200
55
185

24.6
31.6
30.4
40.0
40.0
48.1

5.4
5.0
6.0
6.5
1.8
7.0

6.0

26.0
29.0
24.3
2.9
1.6
2.5
2.2
7.3
1.3
8.8
12.4
12.8

78.1
80.9
18.9
36.4
15.2
21.2
45.5
11.9
4.6
24.4
10.7
93.2
96.8
72.9
69.5

71.9
73.1
13.3
4.6
34.5
24.4
50.5
61.4

64.3
52.6
31.6
70.8
51.3
84.3

97.4
50.7
75.9
15.9
21.4
14.8
9.6
3.5
17.3
46.6
53.3
37.8
38.1
28.5
42.3
35.9

7.9
8.1
7.3

6.3
4.7
7.4
7.3
6.5
5.1
3.5
2.6
2.5
8.5
8.5
8.2
7.3

11.2
10.3
10.2
7.9
4.6
9.6
9.5
11.8
11.4
11.6
11.4
15.7
7.7
8.3
9.2
5.0
4.2
5.5
21.0
20.8

21.6
6.8

10.1
7.9

White-collar workers—Continued
Managers and administrators—Continued
Inspectors, except construction and public administration.
Managers and superintendents, building
Office managers, n.e.c
Officials and administrators; public administration n.e.c...
Officials of lodges, societies, and unions
Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers
Sales managers and department heads, retail trade
Sales managers, except retail trade
School administrators, college
School administrators, elementary and secondary
Ail other managers and administrators

Black
and
other

104
152
416
414
113
632
339
347
116
299
6,273

12.5
50.0
63.0
26.6
29.2
35.4
39.8
8.6
32.8
37.5
17.7

9.6
7.2
2.2
10.1
8.0

Sales workers
Advertising agents and sales workers
Demonstrators
Hucksters and peddlers
Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters
Newspaper carriers and vendors
Real estate agents and brokers
Stock and bond sales agents
Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c
Sales representatives, manufacturing industries .
Sales representatives, wholesale trade
Sales clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, services and construction

6,163
95
88
193
534
98
616
122
4,410
398
904
2,362
549
197

45.1
41.0
93.2
79.8
23.8
28.6
49.4
19.7
45.8
17.1
10.4
70.7
20.0
39.1

4.9
3.2
4.5
6.2
6.2
4.1
2.8
3.3
5.1
3.0
3.2
6.9
2.2
5.1

Clerical workers
Bank tellers
Billing clerks
Bookkeepers
Cashiers
Clerical supervisors, n.e.c
Collectors, bill and account
Counter clerks, except food
Dispatchers and starters, vehicle
Enumerators and interviewers
Estimators and investigators, n.e.c
.
Expediters and production controllers
File clerks
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators . .
Library attendants and assistants
Mail carriers, post office
Mail handlers, except post office
Messengers and office helpers
Office machine operators
Bookkeeping and billing machine operators
Computer and peripheral equipment operators .
Key punch operators
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Postal clerks
Receptionists
Secretaries
Secretaries, legal
Secretaries, medical
Secretaries, n.e.c
Shipping and receiving clerks
Statistical clerks
Stenographers
Stock clerks and storekeepers
Teachers aides, except school monitors
Telephone operators
Ticket, station, and express agents
Typists
All other clerical workers

80.3
.7,613
92.9
493
90.1
162
91.1
1,910
87.9
1,477
71.3
237
59.5
74
77.9
362
35.5
107
76.7
60
55.8
496
38.1
239
86.6
305
55.5
173
79.4
165
10.3
253
50.3
167
31.5
92
74.9
904
89.5
57
61.6
453
95.3
274
81.4
236
34.4
259
97.2
600
99.1
3,729
99.3
153
85 100.0
99.1
3,491
21.3
484
78.8
400
93.4
76
31.9
529
93.4
350
91.7
327
44.4
144

11.0
9.3
8.6
5.4
10.5
11.8
8.1
11.0
6.5
10.0
10.1
9.6
21.0
12.7
12.7
10.7
18.6
18.5
17.6
10.5
13.0
23.0
8.5
23.9
8.7
6.6
3.9

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
,
Carpenters
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Cement and concrete finshers
Electricians
Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators .
Painters, construction and maintenance

1,020
1,783

96.7
76.4

32,066

18.4
5.7
1.3
.5

12,880

1,276
205
82
640
444
483

1.3
.5
5.0

9.3
4.7

3.5
12.9
11.0
4.5

5.9
6.7
13.6

12.3
13.2
14.4
17.1
16.8
9.7
17.2
12.7
12.5
7.9
5.1
16.1

29.3
5.6
9.5
10.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Employed persons by detailed occupation,sex,and race— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979

Percent of total
Occupstions

Total
employed

Roofers and slaters
Machinists and job setters
Job and die setters, metal
Machinists
Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and
job setters
Millwrights
Molders, metal
Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths
Tool and die makers
Mechanics, automobiles
Automobile body repairers
Automobile mechanics
Mechanics, except automobiles
Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration mechanics ,
Aircraft mechanics
Data processing machine repairers
i srm ifTiplcmcnt mGchdnics . . .
Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel
Household appliance and accessory installers and
mechanics
Office machine repairers
Radio and television repairers
Railroad and car shop mechanics
Printing craft workers
Compositors and typesetters
Printing press operators
Bakers
Cabinetmakers
Carpet installers
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators
Decorators and window dressers
Electric power line and cable installers and repairers . . . .
Inspectors, n.e.c
Locomotive engineers
Stationary engineers
Tailors
Telephone installers and repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Upholsterers
All other craft workers . .
Operatives, except transport
Assemblers
Bottling and canning operatives
Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing . . . .
Clothing ironers and p:essers
Cutting operatives, n.e.c
Dressmakers, except factory
Drillers, earth
Dry wall installers and lathers
Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers, metal
Garage workers and gas station attendants
Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c
Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing
Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing
Mine operatives, n.e.c
Mixing operatives
Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and produce
Painters, manufactured articles
Photographic process workers
Precision machine operatives
Drill press operatives
Grinding machine operatives
Lathe and milling machine operatives
Punch and stamping press operatives
Sawyers
Sewers and stitchers

and
other

Blue-collar workers—Continued

Craft and kindred workers—Continued

Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c

Total
employed

Females

Blue-collar workers—Continued
Plumbers and pipefitters
Structural metal craft workers

Percent of total
Occupations

450
86
148
1,739
642
90
552
649
112
57
158
184
1,272
192
1,081
2,178
224
124
91
66
954
156
69
131
57
455
186
192
140
76
78
164
129
114
137
55
192
35
302
82
56
571
10,909
1,289
45
746
116
263
109
51
111
134
62
369
185
219
89
185
80
626
185
89
405
67
143
123
158
135
810

.4

10.2
3.3
4.4
2.9
2.8

12.3
2.5
2.2
.6
.5

.6
1.9

1.6
5.5
1.2
2.6
4.3
3.1
22.2
29.0
11.5
43.6
3.9
1.3
1.2
72.9
8.0

1.0
34.3
9.9
2.4
21.4
15.4
39.9
53.4
37.8
51.2
76.7
27.8
95.4
.9
35.8
4.8
5.4
65.9
6.8
31.5
2.7
3.8
63.7
16,8
52,8
13.3
34.3
9.1
8.9
29.1
13.3
95.3

9.6
7.0
10.1
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.2
5.4
26.3
5.1
3.8
9.3
8.3
9.4
6.7
4.5
7.3
9.9
4.5
6.7
7.1
13.0
6.1
12.3
8.6
7.0
9.9
12.9
6.6
5.1
15.9
3.9
7.0
7.3
1.8
8.9
8.6
7.9
8.5
12.5
7.4
15.1
15.8
11.1
12.2
39.7
15.2
13.8
5.9
9.0
16.4
29.0
11.4
24,9
7,3
16.9
5.9
16.3
19.2
12.4
14.6
8.9
13.4
9.8
8.1
13.3
15.6
18.3

Operatives, except transport—Continued
Shoemaking machine operatives
Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal.
Textile operatives
Spinners, twisters, and winders
Welders and flame cutters
Winding operatives, n.e.c
All other operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Busdrivers
Delivery and route workers
Fork lift and tow motor operatives
Railroad switch operators
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Truck drivers
All other transport equipment operatives ...
Nonfarm laborers
Animal caretakers
Construction laborers including carpenters'
helpers
Freight and material handlers
Garbage collectors
Gardeners and grounds keepers, except farm .
Timber cutting and logging workers
Stockhandlers
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Warehouse laborers, n.e.c
All other nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private households
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Housekeepers
Service workers, except private households
Cleaning workers
Lodging quarters cleaners
Building interior cleaners, n.e.c
Janitors and sextons
Food service workers
Bartenders
Waiters' assistants
Cooks
Dishwashers
Food counter and fountain workers
Waiters
Food service workers, n.e.c
Health service workers
Dental assistants
Health aides, excluding nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Practical nurses
Personal service workers
Attendants
Barbers
Child care workers
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Housekeepers, excluding private households .
Wai fare service aides
Protective service workers
;.
Fire fighters
Guards
Police and detectives
Sheriffs and bailiffs
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farmers (owners and tenants)
Farm laborers and supervisors
Farm laborers, wage workers
Farm laborers, unpaid family workers

75
68
340
133
713
66
3,186

77.3
2.9
57.6
66.2
4.5
50.0
33.5

10.7
13.2
22.6
27.1
10.5
16.7
15.3

3,612
358
580
386
46
164
1,965
113

8.1
45.5
8.1
3.9
13.4
2.1
5.3

14.5
19.6
9.0
18.7
13.0
28.0
13.3
14.2

4,665
97

11.3
49.5

17.4
6.2

930
780
65
615
96
919
187
258
718

2.7
9.6
3.1
6.2
1.0
24.8
14.4
5.4
9.6

18.0
19.9
32.3
16.1
19.8
12.3
21.9
15.5
21.2

12,834
1,088
474
485
97
11,746
2,450
178
899
1,374
4,300
296
185
1,251
241
444
1,363
519
1,818
134
281
1,024
376
1,772
286
109
441
575
139
103
1,406
236
569
484
68

62.4
97.6
97.9
97.3
97.9
59.2
35.6
97.8
51.4
17.1
68.4
43.6
21.1
56.0
33.2
86.0
89.4
75.5
90.4
97.8
87.5
87.5
97.9
77.3
57.7
12.8
95.2
89.2
74.1
88.3
8.8
10.9
6.0
7.4

19.8
33.1
8.0
54.0
44.3
18.5
28.4
40.4
31.7
24.6
13.8
6.8
16.2
19.3
16.6
11.0
7.9
20.4
24.9
4.5
22.4
30.6
18.6
14.7
12.9
13.8
14.1
9.6
18.7
34.0
12.4
6.4
17.6
9.9
8.8

2,703
1,446
1,405
1,257
93C
286

18.0
9.6
9.5
27.7
16.8
66.1

9.0
2.6
2.6
16.3
20.9
2.4

NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of
occupations which cannot be more specifically identified.




175

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]

1979
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex
Wage and salary workers
Unpaid
Private
household
workers

Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

86,540
7,503
3,004
4,499

Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,098
3,861
1,554
2,307
6,977

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,240
279
212
67
91
145
131
201
220
112
108
173

15,369
568

7,662

13,563
9,509
8,287
5,723
3,590
2,133
1,177

155
65
49
16
13
14
9
13
14
7
7
26

37,442
3,641
1,450
2,192
6, 163
9,759
7,047
5,943
3,991
2,508
1,483
898

1,085
214
163
51
78
130
122
188
207
105
101
147

13,140
23,322
16,556
14,230
9,714

6,099
3,615

2,076

69,931

6,656
2,590
4,066

201

367
1,523
4,413

11,526
18,764
12,946
11,005

3,479
3,025
2,025

7,468
4,704
2,765
1,566

1,283
743
337
256
103
152
631
2,212
1,740
1,586
1,043

660
384

194
7,707
312
98
214
892
2,201
1,739
1,438
982
623

359
143

6,652
94
44
50
329
1,531
1,578
1,484
1,097

659
438
540

41,281
3,541
1,402
2,139
6,333
11,337
7,760
6,688
4,666
2,924
1,742
957

4,714

28,650
3,115
1.189
1,926
5,193
7,427
5,186
4,316
2,802
1,780
1,023
609

1,939
34
17
17
103
484
452
415

60
27
33
226
1,047
1,126
1,069
798
481
317
388

455
32
20
12
24
80
128
102
64
42
23
26

1,413
252
139
113
274
335
192
163
118
64
54
78

1,580
31
M
14
92
273

42
20
13
7
7
6
1
1
3
1
2
4

1,130
204
111
93
219

266

1,418
30
16
14
84
244

150
121
98
54
44
71

226
294
323

98
61
39
21
20
7
2
3
1

159
165
217

1
3

412
11
7
4

283
48
27
21
55
69
42
42
20
11
9
7

17
74
126
100
61
41
21
22

299

178
121
152

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary

employed

304
72
47
25
32
42
48
58
36
21
15
16

266
332

351
176
175
233

206

163
1
1

12
8
4
12
35
45
56
34
21
14
13

8
29
41
39
28
17
11
16

25. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]

1979

Industry
Clerical
workers

Craft

Total, 16 years and
ovsr:
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
..
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Private households . . .
Other service industries
Public administration . . .

176




3,297
865
6,299
22,137
13,450

8,688

6,406
19,672
3,775
15,898

5,779
27,433
1,301
26,132
5,056

73
128
186

2,376

32
68
737

1,612

764
567
397
146
251

628
3,755
767
2,987

56
4,110

317
10,018
12
10,006

1,109
1,981
1
1,980

1,275
174

645

19
248
309
8,408
5,032

46
51
198
794
389
404

1,448
3,445
772
2,673

1,376
1,542
341
1,201

156
988
190
799

1,514

2,605
5,054
12
5,042
1,791

115
1,428
6
1,422
294

10
732
2
730

84
99
440
2,648

1,563
912
651

989

1,552
1,095

57
231
3,493
4,344
2,864
1,480

7
5
29
502
183
319

895
3,215

174
4

3,376

39

265
24

11
11
29
435
245
190

878

1,068
659
409

184
3,522

476

734
370
364

1,180
257
923

13
208
5
203
53

77
538
128
410
158

36
3,486

1,088
1,066

258
6,214
49
6,165
1,082

2,703

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex
(In thousands)

1979
Wage and salary workers
Industry
Self-employed
workers

Total
employed

Unpaid family
workers

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
.
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital .
Hospitals
Welfare and religion . . . .
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration

865
6,299
22,137
13,450
8,688
6,406
19,672
3,775
15,898
5,779
27,433
1,301
26,132
3,632
2,499
1,026
18,817
3,047
3,843
1,536
7,855
2,537
157
5,056

843
5,118
21,775
13,227
8,548
6,120
17,646
3,485
14,162
5,321
24,661
1,240
23,421
2,896
1,726
892
17,790
2,684
3,837
1,504
7,718
2,047
117
5,0 56

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital ..
Hospitals
Welfare and religion
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration

764
5,836
15,304
10,080
5,223
4,844
10,632
2,812
7,820
2,449
10,701
155
10,546
2,461
846
632
6,481
771
904
630
2,728
1,448
126
3,325

7 43
4,7 27
15,027
9,895
5,132
4,592
9,452
2,573
6,880
2, 139
9,094
155
8,9 39
1,903
610
536
5,798
504
899
612
2,709
1,073
92
3,325

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital .
Hospitals
Welfare and religion
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration

102
463
6,834
3,369
3,464
1,561
9,041
963
8,078
3,330
16,732
1,146
15,586
1,171
1,653
394
12,336
2,276
2,939
906
5,127
1,089
31
1,731

100
392
6,748
3,332
3,416
1,528
8, 194
912
7,282
3,182
15,567
1,085
14,482
992
1,116
356
11,992
2,180
2,9 38
892
5,009
974
25
1,731

1
507
133
95
38
831
99
3
96
131
8,612
8,612
31
10
105
8,385
462
1,131
592
6,098
102
80
5,056

842
4,612
21,642
13,131
8,510
5,290
17, 548
3,482
14,066
5,189
16,049
1,240
14,809
2, €65
1,717
786
9,404
2,221
2,706
912
1,620
1,945
37

21

33 9

2
49
30
18
12
14
211
19
193
22
126
1
125
47
31
5
41
24

6
32
134
476
39

3
14
2

20
1,105
273
162
91
25 1
1,159
236
922
30S
1,5S6

5
4
3
1
1
20
2
18
1
11

1,131

333
205
128
271
1,815

271
1,543

436
2,646

60
2,586

68S
742
130
986

Males




1
469
99
75
24
643
41
1
40
76
3,008
3,008
15
4
65
2,866
145
334
156
2,164
67
58
3,325

37
34
20
14
188
57
2

56
55
5,604
5,604
16
6
41
5,519
318
797
436
3,934
35
22
1,731

742
4,257
14,928
9,820
5, 108
3,949
9,411
2,572
6,839
2,063
6,086
155
5,931
1,888
606
472
2,931
359
565
456
545
1,006
34

100
354
6,714
3,311
3,402
1,340
8, 137
911
7,226
3,127
9,963
1,065
8,878
976
1,110
315
6,473
1,662
2,140
456
1,075
939
3

1,596
554
232
S5
681
266
4
16
19
374
34

26
59
23
37
2C
656
34
622
127
1,050
60
990
135
510
34
305
72
2
14
115
102
5

11
4
4
1
2

1
45
26
15
11
13
191
17
175
21
114
114
43
27
4
39
24
2
13
1

177

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27.

Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex

(Percent distribution)

1979
Total employed

Service workers

Blue-collar workers

White-collar workers
Managers

Industry and sex
Numbers
(in

Percent

thousands)

Professional and
technical

adminis-

workers

except

Craft

and
strators,

Sales
workers

Clerical

and

workers

kindred

peratives,
ansport
except
luipment
transport
iperatives

Other
Nonfarm
laborers

tousehold

Farm
workers

vice
workers

workers

farm

Total
Agriculture
Mining
,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration

,297
865
,299
,137
,450
,688
,406
,672
,775
,898
,779
,433
,301
,132
,056

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2.2
14.8
3.0
10.7
12.0
8.8
8.9
2.0
3.9
1.6
5.5
36.5
.9
38 .3
19.6

1.0
7.9
11.7
7.1
6.8
7.5
9.8
19.1
20.3
18.8
19.2
7.2
.1
7.6
12.8

.2
.6
.5
2.3
1.4
3.7
.9
20.9
23.7
20.2
22.1
.6

,645
764
,836
,304
,080
,223
,844
,632
,812
,820
,449
,701
155
,546
,325

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2.0
14.5
2.9
12.9
14.1
10.6

1.9
7.6
42.9
.6
43.6
21.5

1.0
8.1
12.1
9.0
8.1
10.6
10.4
26.0
24.1
26.6
29.9
12.1

.2
.7
.4
2.6
1.6
4.5
.7
18.8
28.6
15.3
33.5
.9

12.3
14.1

.9
.1

652
102
463
6,834
3,369
3,464
1,561
9,041
963
8,078
3,330
16,732
1,146
15,586
1,731

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,9
16.7
3.9
5.8
5.6
6.1
6.7
1.5
3.5
1.2
3.9
32.4
1.0
34.7
15.9

.9
5.9
6.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
8.1
11.0
9.1
11.2
11.3
4.1
.1
4.4
10.1

.5

.7
.1

2.5
11.4
7.0
12.0
11.5
12.6
22.6
17.5
20.5
16.8
45.1
18.4
.9
19.3
35.4

1.7
26.7
55.5
19.6
21.3
17.0
21.5
7.8
9.0
7.6
2.0
5.2
.5
5.4
5.8

.6
28.7
4.9
38.0
37.4
38.9
2.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
.2
2.7
.2
2.8

1.4
5.9
3.1
3.6
2.9
4.7
23.6
3.7

.8

1.0

8.0
2.8
13.9
4.8
4.9
4.7
7.4
6.0
6.8
5.8
1.3
2.0
9.8
1.6
3.1

.2
3.8
1.7
5.3
5.1
5.5
9.7
5.0
5.9
4.7
13.7
4.8
.6
4.9
20.1

2.1
30.1
59.2
26.2
26.9
24.9
27.7
12.7
11.5
13.2
4.3
12.2
3.2
12.4
8.6

.5
31.7.
5.2
30.7
32.5
27,3
3,0
6-7
4..2
7.6
.2
3.7
.6
3.8
1.0

1.6
6.7
3.3
5.0
3.8
7.5
27.2
6.6
12.8
4.4
.5
1.7
2.6
1.6
1.5

8.4
3.1
14.7
5.9
5.7
6.2
9,5
9,4
8.0
9.9
2.9
4.3
75.0
3.2
4.3

12.1
67,6
72.8
27.0
30.7
23.3
62.7
32.2
63.1
28.6
68.2
27.1
.9
29.0
64.9

.2
1.0
7.8
4.9
4.6
5.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.1
.3
.7
.1
.8

.8
5.9
1.1
54.2
52.1
56.3
.8
3.0
7.4
2.5
.2
2.0
.1
2.1
.4

.5
1.0
.6
.4
.3
.4
12.5
.4
1.2
.3

6.4
1.0
4.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
1.2
2.0
3.3
1.8
.2
.5
1.0
.5
.8

9.8
2.3
.2
.8
.4
.8

4.0
83.5

.3
1.3
.5
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.9
17.9
1.0
21.9
4.5
22.6
3.8
23.6
21.4

82.0

.2
1.3
.4
2.4
2.1
3.0
2.4
12.3
1.0
16.4
7.4
17.1
,6
17.3
28.8

83.8

1.1
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.4
24.5
8
27.3
2.3
26.2
4.2
27.8
7.1

74.7

Males
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration

9.5
2.5
4.0

.2
16.7

Females
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration

178




1.3
1.5
.7
2.4
1.3
23.3
9.5
25.0
13.7
.4
.5
.2

.2
.1
.2
.2

6.3
92.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28.

Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race

(Percent distribution)

1979
Total employed
Industry and race
Numbers
(in
thousands)

Percent

Blue-collar workers

White-collar workers

Professional and
technical
workers

Managers
and
administrators,
except
farm

Craft
Sales

Clerical

workers

workers

and
kindred

Operatives, Transport
except

equipment

transport

operatives

Service workers

Private
Nonfarm household
laborers
workers

Other

Farm
workers

service
workers

workers

WHITE

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

,

Private households
Other service industries
Public administration

..
...

2.7
10.7
7.3
12,4
12.0
13.0
22.1
17.5
20.6
16.7
43.9
19,1
1.2
19,8
34.1

1.7
27.1
56.2
20.2
21.8
17.8
22.6
8.0
9.0

,5
28.5
4.9
36,2
.35.9
36.7
2.2
4.8
4.5

1.3
5.8
2.9
3,5
2.7
4.7
23,2
3.5
9.1

7.8
2.8
12.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
6.4
5.8
6.2

1.0
29.4

2,999
829
5,785
19,602
11,986
7,616
5,590
18,046
3,484
14,562
5,244
23,635
894
22,741
4,295

100.0
100,0
100,0
100.0
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0

2.4
15.1
3,0
11.3
12.6
9,3
9.3
2.0
3.8

298
36

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100,0

.7
8.8

.7

3.1
6.1
6.8
5.1

3.9
2.0
1.6
2.5

.4
.7
.2
1.3

3.1
8.8
8.0
9.9

5.6
1.8

3.9
11.9

.4
13.5
10.3
14.2
10.1
.2

25.8
17.9
19.2
17.6
56.3
14.5

1.6

5.5
38.4
1.0
39.8
20,5

1.0
8,2
12.4
7.7
7.4
8,2
10,7
19,7
21.2
19.4
20.1
7.7
,1

.2
.6
.5
2.5
1.5
4.0
.9
21.6
24.9
20.8
23.3
.7

8,0

.7
,1

13.6

7.8

4.9

2.2

5.6

1.9
5.5
,6

.1
2,5
.2

.2
.7
.3

1.3
1.8
11.4

5,7
5.7

2.6
.7

.7
,8

1.5
2.7

2.0
14.7
47.1
14.9
17.5
11.5
14.2
5.8

1.3
35.3

2.3
8.8

5.1

5.6
4.2
4.2
4.3

10.4
2.9
30.5

—

—

3.1
81.4

.3
1.2
.4
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.6
17.1
21.0
3.6
20.5
3.6
21.1
21.7

82.0

—

—

.

BLACK AND OTHER
Agriculture

.

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

514

Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration




....

2,535
1,464
1,071
815
1,627
291

....

1,336
535
3,799
408
3,391
761

4.5
1.2

4.9
25.0
.7
27.9
14.4

9.9

12.4
10.1
4.2
4.7
7.9

.2
.1

16.2
42.8

9.9
4.9

2.8
3.1
3.5
6.3

51.6
49.7
54.2
4.0
7.0
11.0

26.6
6.2
18.2

14.4
8.7
14.0

6.1

3.7

7.6

.6
3.6

.6
.9
.5
1.0

2.1
2.7
6.4
2.3

2.5

5.4

4.0
1.2

8.3
9.1
7.2

.3

81.2

—
—

1.2
3.5
3.1
4.1

—
—

—

5.0
27.1

—

3.1

—.
.

9.5

88.2
—

32.3
12.7
36.4
4.2
40.2
19.5

—

—

II

179

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

29.

Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race

(Percent distribution)

1979
Manufacturing
Age, sex, and race
Mining

Construction
Total

Trans-

Wholesale

portation

and

and

retail
trade

Durable

Non-

goods

durable

public

goods

utilities

:
inance,
nsurance,
and
real
estate

dustries'

Public
administration

Service

TOTAL

Percent
16 t o 19 years
20 years and over
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Males 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
.

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

100.0
4.0
96.0
16.0
80.0
69.5
10.5

6,299
100.0
7.5
92.5
17.1
75.4
63.1
12.3

22,137
100.0
5.0
95.0
14.5
80.5
66.3
14.2

13,450
100.0
4.6
95.4
14.8
80.6
66.8
13.8

8,688
100.0
5.6
94.4
14.0
80.4
65.6
14.8

6,406
100.0
3.1
96.9
12.3
84.6
71.5
13.0

19,672
100.0

5,779
100.0

26,132
100.0

5,056
100.0

82.5
17.1
65.4
51.9
13.5

94.6
16.0
78.5
63.5
15.0

93.8
13.3
80.5
65.6
15.0

97.0

88.3

92.7

69.1

74.9

60.1

75.6

54.0

42.4

40.4

65.7

3.5

7.0

3.2

3.2

3.3

2.1

8.7

1.2

2.7

1.2

37.7
4.8
32.9
26.3
6.6

64.5

865

Total, 16 years and over (in thousands)

.

. . .

25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years

.

8.7

88.4
71.9
16.5

84.9
13.8
71.0
61.5
9.5

85.6
16.0
69.6
58.2
11.5

65.9
9.5
56.3
46.2
10.1

71.8
10.6
61.2
50.3
10.9

56.8
7.9
48.9
39.9
9.0

73.5
8.2
65.3
54.4
10.9

45.3
8.9
36.4
28.8
7.6

41.2
4.0
37.2
28.3
8.9

11.8
.6
11.2

7.4
.5

30.9
1.8
29.1

25.1
1.4
23.6

39.9
2.3
37.6

24.4
1.0
23.4

46.0
8.8
37.2

59.6
3.5
56.1

34.2

4.9

4.2

6.1

4.1

8.2

8.5

4.7

19.4
16.5
2.9

31.5
25.7
5.8

19.3
17.1
2.1

29.0
23.1
5.9

57.6
4.3
53.4
12.0
41.3
35.2
6.1

47.7
39.3
8.4

27.9
22.6

57.2

4.0

60.5
49.3
11.2
1.7

32.5

25 t o 54 years

2.2
9.0
8.0

6.8
1.1
5.7
4.9

55 years and over

1.0

.8

24.2
20.1
4.1

85.2

84.8

61.7

67.2

53.3

66.4

49.4

38.9

35.8

3.4

6.6

3.0

2.9

3.0

1.9

8.1

1.0

2.4

.9

81.8
13.4
68.4
59.1
9.4

78.2
14.8
63.4
53.0
10.5

58.8

64.3

50.3

64.5

41.3

37.9

33.4

56.3

10.9
.5
10.4
2.1

7.0
.5
6.5
1.0

8.3

5.5

7.3
1.0

20 years and over
20 t o 24 years
.
25 years and over

5.2

White
Males 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over .
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
20 years and over
20 t o 24 years .
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over

.

.

8.4

9.4

6.9

7.2

8.0

3.4

4.1

3.4

50.4
41.1
9.3

54.9
44.9
10.0

43.4
35.2
8.2

57.3
47.4
10.0

33.3
26.2
7.1

34.5
26.1
8.4

29.3
23.4
5.9

52.9
43.0

34.3
2.1
32.3
5.2
27.1
21.7
5.4

20.9
.9
20.0
3.4
16.6
14.6
2.0

42.4
8.2
34.2
7.5
26.7
21.1
5.6

51.8
3.9
47.9
10.7
37.3
31.4
5.9

51.3
3.1
48.2
7.4
40.8
33.4
7.4

27.7

4.7
.8

26.8
1.6
25.2
4.2
20.9
17.1
3.8

21.9
1.3
20.6
3.7
16.9
14.1
2.8

.

3.1
.1
3.0
.3
2.7
2.4
.2

7.8
.4
7.4
1.2
6.2
5.2
1.0

7.4
.3
7.1
1.1
6.0
5.1
.8

7.8
.2
7.5
1.2
6.3
5.4
.9

6.8
.3
6.5
1.0
5.5
4.7
.8

9.2
.3
9.0
1.0
8.0
7.0
1.0

4.7
.7
4.0
.9
3.1
2.6
.5

3.4
.2
3.3
.5
2.8
2.3
.5

4.6
.3
4.3
.7
3.6
2.9
.7

8.5
.3
8.2
.6
7.6
6.3
1.3

.3

...

1.0
.1
.9
.1
.8
.8

4.1
.1
3.9
.7
3.3
3.0
,2

3.1
.1
3.0
.5
2.5
2.4
.1

5.5
.2
5.3
.9
4.4
4.0
.4

3.5
.1
3.4
.7
2.7
2.5
.1

3.6
.6
3.0
.7
2.3
2.0

5.8
.3
5.5
1.4
4.1
3.9
.2

8.4
.4
8.0
1.1
6.9
5.9

6.6
.4
6.1
1.1
5.1
4.6

1.0

.5

.

. . .

.

.

.

..

9.9

1.3

26.4
3.6

22.8
18.0
4.8

Black and other
Males 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
20 years and over
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over

. . . .

Females, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
20 years and over .
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over

Excludes private households.

180




.3
.1
.2
.2

.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
30.

Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979

Percent of total

Percent of total
Total
employed

Females

Black

Total

and

employed

Black
Females

Total, 16 years and over

96,945

41.7

11.3

3,455
2,759
268
271
94
63

19.8
18.8
41.4
8.5
26.6
9.5

9.0
8.8
8.6
11.8
6.4
11.1

865
97
245
410
114

11.8
6.2
4.5
18.5
7.9

4.2
1.0
2,9
5.1
6.1

6,299
1,747
1,088
3,038
426

7.4
7.1
6.8
7.4
9.6

8.2
7.5
10.1
7.3
11.5

22,137
13,450
730
161
432
137
567
706
221
230
176
1,262
501
340
189
232
1,495
177
571
105
162
478
2,747
125
196
396
387
131
415
1,097
2,293
158
606
1,519
2,298
1,238
633
264
64
584
186
223
136
202
567
8,688
1,789
396
205
281
145
257
80
237

30.9
25.1
12.1
3.7
12.3
21.9
34.0
19.4
29.4
9.1
17.6
11.7
9.0
10.0
12.2
20.3
19.9
33.9
14.0
21.0
24.7
19.9
19.8
14.4
14.3
13.9
16.5
31.3
33.0
18.4
43.0
40.5
41.7
43.8
16.6
17.4
18.5
10.6
14.1
45.0
43.0
54.7
27.9
27.7
48.3
39.9
29.2
31.1
19.5
44.1
23.4
26.8
51.3
14.3

11.5
10.9
16.0
21.1
14.4
15.3
8.8
12.3
15.4
11.3
7.4
15.1
14.4
20.9
10.1
12.5
9.7
13.6
8.1
5.7
10.5
10.9
6.9
4.8
8.2
7.6
5.7
9.9
8.4
6.3
10.3
8.9
13.2
9.4
14.1
15.8
9.5
18.6
7.8
7.9
8.6
5.8
9.6
8.4
10.1
12.3
12.3
14.9
6.8
11.7
7.6
15.2
21.3
10.1

187

30.5

12.3

Nondurable goods industries—Continued
Tobacco manufactures

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Agricultural production
Agricultural services, except horticultural
Horticultural services
Forestry
Fisheries
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
Construction
General building contractors
General contractors, except building
Special trade contractors
Not specified construction

Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Miscellaneous textile mill products
Apparel and other fabricated textile products
Apparel and accessories
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except
newspapers
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial chemicals
Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers
Synthetic fibers

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Logging
Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Primary metal industries
,
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills.
Other primary iron and steel industries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary nonferrous industries
Fabricated metal products
Cutlery, hand tools and other hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal stamping
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metalworking machinery
Office and accounting machines
Electronic computing equipment
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c
Transportation equipment
Motbr vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Mobile dwellings and campers
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scientific and controlling instruments
Optical and health services supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Ordnance
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries . . . Nondurable goods industries
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Dairy products
,
Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafood
Grain-mill products
Bakery products.
Confectionery and related products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred
products




and
other

other

Drugs and medicines
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products
Rubber products
Miscellaneous plastic products
Leather and leather products
Footwear, except rubber
Leather products, except footwear
Transportation, communications, and other public utilities
Transportation
Railroads and railway express service
Street railways and bus lines
Taxicab service
Trucking service
Warehousing and storage
Water transportation
Air transportation
Services incidental to transportation
Communications
Radio broadcasting and television
Telephone (wire and radio)
Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services
Utilities and sanitary services
Electric light and power
Electric-gas utilities
Gas and steam supply systems
Water supply
Sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Motor vehicles and equipment
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Dry goods and apparel
Food and related products
Farm products—raw materials
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies
Machinery equipment and supplies
Metals and minerals, n.e.c
Petroleum products
Scrap and waste materials
Alcoholic beverages
Paper and its products
Lumber and construction materials
Wholesalers, n.e.c
Retail trade
Lumber and building material retailing
Hardware and farm equipment stores
Department and mail order establishments

64
823
187
480
55
1,279
1,119
161
726
315
210
201
1,507
472

28.1
46.4
65.2
42.9
36.4
79.1
81.4
62.7
22.2
11.4
35.2
25.4
38.8
36.7

26.6
16.4
12.3
18.1
20.0
17.5
17.4
18.0
9.6
6.7
11.0
12.9
8.7
7.4

1,035
1,217
493
78
82
181
149
77
57
99
256
225
731
323
408
275
191
66

39.8
25.4
17.2
20.5
25.6
40.3
43.6
22.1
26.3
18.2
16.1
16.9
34.2
25.7
40.9
63.3
67.0
63.6

9,3
11.7
11.0
11.5
11.0
9.9
11.4
11.7
17.5
17.2
11.8
11.1
10.3
9.9
10.3
8.4
7.3
7.6

6,406
3,706
605
534
114
1,407
148
190
492
197
1,371
180
1,122
70
1,328
560
174
154
169
227

24.4
19.2
6.3
37.1
13.2
10.2
23,6
11.6
30.3
55.3
47.3
35.0
50.0
35.7
15.2
14.5
20.1
20.8
16.6
7.0

12.7
12.8
9.1
21.9
30.7
9.3
12.8
19.5
12.2
9.1
12.7
10.6
13.4
7.1
12,7
11.1
10.3
7.8
11,8
22.5

19,672
3,775
250
191
106
564
129
216
172
839
120
179
117
124
102
167
491
15,898
476
311
2,048

46.0
25.5
22.0
29.3
40.6
24.3
25.6
29.2
22.7
24.6
22
25

8.3
7,7
7.2
5.8
10.4
10.5
6.2
7.4
7.0
4.9
10.0
5.6
15.4
9,7
5.9
6,6
9.2
8.4
5.3
3.5
10.4

18
27
18.0
34.0
50,8
22.3
29.3
69.3

181

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979

Percent of total

Percent of total
Industries

Total

Total
employed

Black
Females

and
other

Wholesale and retail trade—Continued

Service industries—Continued

Retail trade—Continued
Limited price variety stores
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Food stores, n.e.c
Motor vehicle dealers
Tire, battery, and accessory dealers
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe stores . . .
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Farm and garden supply stores
Jewelry stores
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail florists
Miscellaneous retail stores
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Credit agencies
Security, c o m m o d i t y brokerage, and investment
companies
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices .
Service industries
Business and repair services
Advertising
Services t o dwellings and other buildings
Commercial research, development, and testing labs
Employment and temporary help agencies
Business management and consulting services
Computer programming services
Detective and protective services
Business services, n.e.c

Business and repair services—Continued

177
74
332
195
2,114
46
135
175
944
340
600
123
696
134
480
282
4,131
445
145
160
148
111
145
917

75.1
35.1
77.4
67.7
44.7
58.7
63.7
50.9
14.7
16.5
13.7
21.1
76.6
50.0
35.6
26.2
60.7
62.9
30.3
30.0
60.1
20.7
66.9
57.7

8.5
5.4
4.8
6.2
8.2
6.5
6.7
9.1
5.7
5.9
6.2
3.3
7.9
7.5
5.2
4.6
11.5
7.2
13.8
3.8
10.8
3.6
4.8
6.3

5,779
1,563
510

57.6
71.0
67.6

9.3
11.3
6.3

294
1,839
1,573

39.5
56.0
46.3

7.1
9.2
8.6

27,275
3,632
167
370
144
210
281
190
209
629

61.2
32.2
43.7
35.4
27.8
70.5
52.0
38.4
18.2
53.7

13.9
10.7
4.8
26.2
4.9
13.3
6.0
12.1
18.2
8.9

NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation f o r " n o t elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of
industries which connnot be more specifically identified.

182



Automobile services, except repair
Automobile repair and related services
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Personal services
Private households
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services...
Beauty shops
Barber shops
Dressmaking shops
Miscellaneous personal services
Entertainment and recreation services
Theaters and motion pictures
Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
Professional and related services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Hospitals
Convalescent institutions
Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c
Health services, n.e.c
Legal services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Libraries
Educational services, n.e.c
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Religious organizations
Welfare services
,
Residential welfare facilities
Nonprofit membership organizations
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services

..

Miscellaneous professional and related services

...

Public administration
Postal service '.
Federal public administration
State public administration
Local public administration

222
711
139
360
3,800
1,301
720
376
369
586
112
43
276
1,026
339
84
603
18,817
755
385
3,843
1,035
84
747
686
5,368
2,048
155
280
53
617
795
124
434
526
464
374

22.5
9.3
12.9
14.2
73.7
88.1
58.9
77.9
59.6
88.7
15.2
93.0
48.9
38.435.1
36.9
40.5
65.6
66.5
67.8
76.5
88.3
58.3
70.8
49.6
70.9
48.9
82.6
67.5
56.6
40.4
72.2
66.9
55.8
19.2
46.1
42.8

14.0
8.2
4.3
5.0
20.8
31.4
23.1
8.5
24.1
9.7
14.3
9.3
6.2
8.8
8.0
4.8
9.8
13.4
4.5
3.4
19.4
18.4
3.6
15.9
3.5
13.0
12.1
9.7
8.2
13.2
7.9
25.9
14.5
10.8
6.1
4.7
7.8

5,056
678
1,585
909
1,885

34.2
23.0
37.2
40.7
32.6

15.1
20.1
17.0
12.5
12.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES

31.

Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex

(In

Wspt snd stHHry woffctrs

Paid absence*?

1978

1979

Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
IHness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

5,493
2,942
1,418
236
99
799

5,658
3,143
1,400
196
122

Males, 16 years and over. .
Vacation
Illness .
All other reasons?

2,991
1,529
811
652

Females, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons?

2,502
1,413
608
481

1978

1979

1978

1979

1S78

1979

5,338
2,904
1,383
190
98
763

5,514
3,100
1,367
162
121
764

2,654
1,934
548
172

172

661

645

3,031
1,615
786
630

2,856
1,497
780
580

2,907
1,581
758
568

1,578
1,146
336
96

1 . 598
1 , 180
324
94

968
247
372
349

993
291
3-68
335

2,627
1,528
614
486

2,482
1,407
604
471

2,607
1,520
608
480

1,075
788
212
76

1 , 174
876
22 0
78

1, 184
531
342
311

1,214
561
342
310

798

1

Excludes private household.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are
included in all reasons.

2,772
2,056
544

2,152
778
71*

2,208
851
711

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.

2

32.

Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work

1979
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

All
industries

Nonagri
cultural
industries

Percent distribution

Agriculture

All
industries

Nonagri.
cultural
industries

Agriculture

91,287

88,133

3,154

100.0

100.0

100.0

1-34 hours
1-4 hours . .
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours

22,918
744
4,056
10,904
7,214

22,037
701
3,846
10,465
7,0 25

881
43
210
439
189

25.1
.8
4.4
11.9
7.9

25.0
.8
4.4
11.S
8.C

27.9
1.4
6.7
13.9
6.0

35 hours and over
35-39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

68,369
6,409
37,198
24,762
9,672
8,439
6,651

66,095
6,274
36,700
23,121
9,430
8,004
5,687

2,274
135
498
1,641.
242
435
964

74.9
7.0
40.7
27.1
10.6
9.2
7.3

75.C
7.1
41.6
26.2
10.7
9. 1
6.5

72.1

38.9

38.6

46.3

43. 1

42.7

53.9

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time
schedules




...

4.3

15.8
52.0
7.7
13.8
30.6

183

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
[Numbers in thousands]

1979

Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
full time

22 # 918

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job '.
All other reasons

.

Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

34.

Usually
work
part time

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

8,183

14,734

2 2 , 037

7,876

14,161

3,478
1,602
98
22 6
102
1,450

1,429
1,003
98
226
102

2, 049
599

3,281
1,470
94
218
97
1,402

1,325
916
94
218

1,956
554

19,440
10,481
1,062
1,828
671
40
1,737
1,445
2,177

6,755

6,549

1,603

1,445
574

18,754
10,118
1,046
1,783
571
40
1,731
1, 395
2,072

21,5
21.7

23.6
27.0

20.1
18.8

21.6
21.7

23.7
27.1

20.2
18.8

1,016
6,198

581
4,012

435
2,186

970
6, 055

548
3,S3S

422
2,116

1,450
12,685
10,481

1,062
1,642
671
40
1,737

18 6

57
1,402

1,046
1,618
571
40
1,731
1,545

12,205
10,118
165

1,395
52 7

Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status

[Numbers in thousands]

1979
Full- or part-time si

Total
at
On part time

Total, 16 years and over1

hours,
workers
on full-time

On
riuntaf
part time

40 hours

41 to 48

49 hours

88,133

3,281

12,205

72,647

49,526

9,430

13,691

81,502

2,923

11,006

67,573

47,317

8,856

11,400

38.4

42.2

4,866

265

244

4,357

3,180

488

689

39.1

41.3

20,499

500
190
310

667
282
385

19,332

12,444
8,056

11,972
7,361

13,454
8,301
5,154

3,020
1,909
1,111

2,858
1,762
1,C96

40.9
41.3
40.3

42.1
42.1
42.0

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

5,715
16,852
5,091

147
912
88

367
4,137
520

5,201
11,803
4,483

3,471
7,370
3,385

666
1,915
482

1,064
2,518

41.4
36.4
38.5

43.4
43.4
41.1

Service industries . . . . ,
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

22,900
1, 180
21,720
4,795

930
163
767
63

4,803
632
4,171
255

17,167
385
16,782
4,477

12,580
273
12,307
3,442

1,737
31
1,706
435

2,650
81

2,769
€00

36.0
23.4
36.7
40.0

41.8
43.6
41.8
41.4

6,176
455

344
14

1,012
187

4,820
254

2,071
137

544
30

2,205
87

41.9
36.0

48.7
46.8

Wage and salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable floods

Nondurable goods

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1

Includes mining, not shown separately.

184




616

38.6

42.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES
35.

Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part time status, sex. age, race, and marital status

[Numbers in thousands!

1979
On full-time schedules

Sex, ag», race, and marital status

Average

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part time

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

total
at work

Average
hours,
workers

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 21 years
16to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

88,133
12,336
7,338
2,948
4,390
80,795
12,944
67,851
4 0,703
24,744
2,404

3,281
923
616
24 0
376
2,666
678
1,989
1,196
690
102

12,205
4,215
3,363
2,078
1,285
8,842
1,639
7,204
3,620
2,414
1,169

72,647
7, 198
3,359
630
2,729
69,287
10,627
58,658
35,887
21,640
1, 133

49,526
5,526
2,639
512
2,126
46,885
7,744
39,138
23,523
14,820
798

23,121
1,672
720
118
603
22,402
2,883
19,520
12,364
6,82 0
335

38.6
31.2
27.9
21.3
32.3
3S.6
37.7
40.0
40.5
40.1
29.0

42.7
40.7
40.2
39.0
40.5
42.8
41.6
43.0
43.2
42.9
42.4

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,947
6,432
3,803
1,536
2,267
47,144
6,929
40,215
24,006
14,779
1,431

1,444
443
303
131
171
1,141
313
827
497
276
53

3,692
1,940
1,59 3
1,022
571
2,099
623
1,476
453
393
630

45,811
4,049
1, 907
383
1,525
43,904
5,993
37,9 12
23,056
14,110
748

27,8 78
2,866
1,397
303
1,096
26,481
3,939
22,542
13,320
8,719
505

17,933
1,183
510
80
429
17,423
2,054
15,370
9,736
5,391
243

41.7
33.0
29.5
22.5
34.2
42.6
39.8
43.1
43.S
43.1
30.5

44.2
41.7
41.1
39.5
41.5
44.3
42.9
44.5
44.7
44.2
42.8

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

37,186
5,904
3,536
1,412
2,123
33,651
6,016
27,634
16,697
9,965
973

1,838
480
313
109
204
1,526
365
1,160
697
415
47

8,513
2,27 5
1,770
1,056
714
6,743
1,015
5,727
3,167
2,021
539

26,835
3,149
1,453
247
1,20 5
25,382
4,636
20,747
12,833
7,529
387

21,646
2,660
1,242
209
1,033
20,404
3,8 07
16,599
10,205
6,102
295

5,189
4 89
211
38
172
4,978
829
4, 148
2,628
1,427
92

34.4
29.3
26.2
19.9
3C.3
35.3
35.4
25.3
35.6
35.4
26.. 7

40.2
39.4
39.0
38.2
39.2
40.2
39.9
40.3
40.3
40.3
41.5

78,184
45,739
32,444

2,712
1, 203
1,508

11,119
3,323
7,795

64,353
41,213
23,141

42,794
24,360
18,415

21,559
16,833
4,726

38.8
41.9
34.3

42.9
44.4
40.3

9,950
5,208
4,742

570
239
330

1,086
368
718

8,294
4,601
3,694

6,732
3.502
3,230

1,562
1,099
464

37.3
39.2
35.2

40.8
41.8
39.5

Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

35,201
3,907
11,839

631
151
662

1,144
191
2, 356

33,426
3,565
8,821

19,530
2,187
6,162

13,896
1,378
2,659

43.4
42.1
36.3

44.6
44.2
42.3

Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

20,586
7,007
9,593

891
355
591

4,966
1,002
2,545

14,729
5,650
6,457

12,004
4,398
5,246

2,725
1,252
1,211

34.3
3fc.7
32. 5

40. 0
40.7
40.1

RACE
White, 16 years and over
Males
Females
Black and other, 16 years and over . .
Males
Females
MARITAL STATUS




186

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVEAGES
36.

Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

(Number in thousands)

1979
On full-time schedules
Occupation* group and tax
Total at work

On ptfil time
for economic

Average
hours, total

On voluntary
40 hours
or less

41 to 48
hours

Average hours,
workers on fuN-

49 hours
or more

88,695

3,32 3

12,309

73,063

49,746

9,484

13,833

38.6

38.9

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

46,479
13,902
10,010
5,850
16,716

1,068
239
106
245
479

6,408
1,544
420
1,419
3,025

39,003
12,119
9,4 84
4, 186
13,212

26, 114
8,051
4,562
2,493
11,005

4,628
1,422
1,352
556
1,298

8,261
2,646
3,570
1,137
90S

39.2
39.9
45.6
36.8
35.6

43.0
43.1
47.0
43.9
39.8

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

30,113
12, 130
10,223
3,362
4,397

1,362
393
495
147
328

2,067
451
568
271
777

26,684
11,286
9, 16 0
2,944
3,292

18,099
7,320
6,703
1,601
2,472

4,096
1,820
1,383
472
421

4,489
2,146
1,074
871
399

39.9
41.3
39.4
42.4
35.4

42.5
42.9
41.5
45.5
41.0

Service workers
Priv8t6 nousoholo workers . • * . . .
Other service workers

12,103
1,035
11,068

893
131
761

3,834
551
3,283

7,376
353
7,024

5,533
247
5,283

760
30
730

1,083
76
1,006

32.9
24.1
33.7

42.0
43.7
41.9

51,352

1,476

3,74 7

46,129

28,034

6,700

11,395

41.6

40.8

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

22,160
8,053
7, 569
3,251
3,286

285
88
68
64
66

1,327
448
175
345
359

20,548
7,517
7,326
2,842
2,861

11,255
4,531
3 , 197
1,463
2,062

2,765
905
1,039
420
401

6,528
2,081
3,090
959
398

43.6
42.9
47.1
42.2
38.8

45.6
44.6
48.0
45.5
41.7

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

24,609
11,440
6, 168
3,101
3,901

977
36 4
202
123
288

1,464
351
286
167
661

22, 168
10,725
5,680
2,811
2,952

14,440
6,907
3,823
1,510
2,202

3,531
1,736
961
451
382

4,197
2,082
896
850
366

40.7
41.6
40.9
43.3
35.6

43.0
43.0
42.6
45.7
41.1

4,583
26
4, 557

214
3
211

956
12
944

3,413
11
3,402

2,335)
7
2,333

404
1
402

670
3
667

37.1
25.8
37.2

43.6
49.8
43.6

37,342

1,848

8,562

26,932

Total, 16 years and over

Malts, 16 years and over

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
Females, 16 years and over
Afhite-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft, and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private houtehoid workers
Other service wortter*

186




,

21,710

2,785

2,437

34.4

35.7

24,319
5,848
2,441
2,599
13,431

784
151
39
18 1
414

5,082
1,097
245
1,074
2,666

18,453
4,600
2,157
1,344
10,351

14,857
3,519
1,363
1,030
8,94 3

1,863
517
314
136
897

1,733
564
4eo
178
511

35.2
35.8
41.0
30.1
34.9

40.2
40.5
43.7
40.5
39.2

5,503
690
4,055
261
496

386
28
29 3
24
40

602
100
282
105
116

4,515
562
3,480
132
340

3,657
414
2,881
90
270

565
84
422
21
39

293
64
177
21
31

36.6
37.2
37.2
31.2
33.4

39.9
41.0
39.5
42.1
40.2

7,520
1,010
6,511

678
128
550

2,878
539
2,339

3,96 4
343
3,622

3,196
240
2,956

357
29
328

411
74
338

30.3
24. 1
31.2

40.6
43.5
40.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37.

Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race

[Numbers in thousands]

1979
Black and other
Employment status

Females

7,925

4,032

3,892

6,617

3,375

3,242

1,307

657

650

Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,622
1,372
152
1,220
250
15.4

894
746
127
619
148
16.6

729
626
26
601
102
14. 0

1,481
1,292
145
1#148
189
12.8

811
696
121
575
115
14.2

670
596
24
572
74
11.0

141
80
7
73
61
43.3

83
50
6
44
33
39.8

58
30
2
28
28
48.3

Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons

6,302
112
4,977
10
1,204

3,138
14
2,505
5
615

3,164
98
2,471
5
589

5,136
91
4,045
9
99 2

2,564
12
2,039
5
50 9

2,572
79
2,005
4
484

1,166
21
932
2
212

574
2
466

592
19
466
1
106

Civilian noninstitutional population

38.

106

Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
1979

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

CLASS OF WORKER
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,372

746

626

100.0

1,220
1, 122
423
69
6 30
87
11
152
84
24
45

619
551
106
39
406
63
6
127
69
22
35

601
571
317
30
224
25
5
26
14
1
10

88.9
81.7
30.8

1,372

100.0

100.0

.8
11. 1
6. 1
1.7
3.3

83.0
73.9
14.2
5.2
£4.4
8.4
.8
17.C
9.2
2.9
4.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

28.8
1.2
.1

19- 0
1. 3

24.£
2.9

8. 5
9. 1
4. 8
# 2
1. 6
m2
2.9

5.0
45.9
6.3

96.0
91.2
50.6

4.8
35.8
4.0
.8
4.2
2.2
.2
1.6

OCCUPATION
Total

746

626

335
17
1
237
79

215
9
1
183
22

119
8

53
57

24. 4
1. 2
m1
17. 3
5. 8

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

290
21
39
b
222

260
20
29
7
204

30
1
10
1
18

21. 2
1. 5
2. 8
# 6
16. 2

34.9
2.7
3.9
.9
27.3

Service workers
Private household workers . . .
Other service workers

626
340
285

171
24
148

454
317
137

45. 7
24. 8
20. 8

22.9
3.2
19.8

72. 6
50. 7
21. 9

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors

122
4
118

99
3
96

23
1
22

8. 9
3
8. 6

13.3
.4
12.9

3. 7
2
3. 5

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers




187

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
Age in years
Total

20-24

16-19

Reasons for not seeking work

25-59

60 and over

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

58,521
53,193

58,623
53,328

6,907
5,531

6,867
5,459

4,490
3,691

4,419
3,583

22,399
19,840

22,043
19,536

24,725
24,132

25,294 .
24,749

6,143
4,532
29,517
9,366
3,635

5,965
4,531
28,994
9,935
3,903

4,107
48

4,043
40

563

480

1,431
114
1,732

1,342
127
1,655

596
2,187
15,044

556
2,168
14,671

207

206

896

—
459

22
2,196
12,188
9,728

813

—
414

11
2,183
12,177
9,158

1,806

1,935

603

615

2,505

594

544

3
177

4
170

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other

.

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors .

....

Other reasons^

5,328

5,293

1,377

1,410

799

836

2,559

1,374
720
1,226
845
570

1,427
743
1,240
750
500

963
27

992
31

249
52

263
54

158
465

168
487

76

76

215

250

895

881

41

33

133
96

123
81

117
93

101
73

416
310

376
275

180
74

152
68

275

250

37

41

26

27

104

100

106

1,163

1,133

178

188

166

168

625

593

193

83
185

16,634

16,931

3,093

3,124

1,309

1,275

3,105

3,153

9,127

9,379

14,948

15,248

2,441

2,449

1,055

1,029

2,598

2,665

8,857

9,104

1,983
21
13

777
64
8

728
62
9

260
1,214
69
175
947

1,135
189
7,067
466

486

269

271

Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill disabled

6
1,156

3,071
2,449
270
7,247
1,911

2,976
2,453
285
7,479
2,055

2,013
23
12
393

432

206

230

282
1,228
62
179
847

1,686

1,682

651

675

256

248

507

School attendance

693

717

502

518

125

141

64

55

2

Ill health disability

326

332

13

15

22

21

203

205

87

79
101

2
90
75
104

15,598
15,274

15,915
15,642

Keeping house

. .

Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:

Think cannot get job

...

Other reasons '

305
362

279
354

72
64

66
76

43
66

42
44

110
130

95
131

41,887
38,243

41,692
38,079

3,814
3,089

3,743
3,008

3,181
2,640

3,144
2,558

19,294
17,241

18,890
16,871

3,072
2,082
29,246
2,119
1,724

2,988
2,078
28,709
2,456
1,848

2,094

2,060

24
551

18
467

654
52

615
67

314
958

297
954

1,725

1,647

420

463

209

229

14,982
28
959

3,642

3,613

724

735

543

586

681

710

461

475

124

394

411

14

16

29

1,226
540

1,240
472

76
60

76
57

215
75

193

7,301
448

Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school . . .
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

801

780

113

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables 39, 4 0 , and 42 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences
in weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.

188




111

100

11

14

14,602
29
989

1,049
11,987
2,091
136

1,040
11,994
2,427
167

2,053

2,018

324

274

121

95

112

1

3

32

262

282

89

80

250
59

895
305

881
281

41
101

33
76

124

496

462

92

82

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]

Age in years
Reasons for not seeking work

16-24
1978

1979

25 59

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

WHITE
Total not in labor force

51,124 51,011
47,085 46,981

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons *

9,088

8,931

19,620

19,197

22,417

22,883

14,204 14,419

36,920

7,544

7,334

17,622

17,228

21,919

22,418

12,952 13,136

34,133

36,592
33,845

442
1,699
13,288
195
1,604

9
1,810
11,238
8,321
541

19
1,822
11,227
8,786
564

2,506
2,034
221
6,625
1,566

2,393
2,023
233
6,808
1,679

2,475
1,662
26,661
1,893
1,442

2,398
1,624
26,101
2,175
1,547

4,981
3,696
26,882
8,518
3,008

4,791
3,647
26,334
8,983
3,226

4,484
121
1,978

4,331
125
1,819

961

1,059

489
1,764
13,665
196
1,508

4,037

4,028

1,546

1,596

2,000

1,969

496

463

1,251

1,283

2,786

2,745

1,012
519
947
589
970

1,046
524
963
542
953

890
52
190
144
270

920
53
216
135
272

119
335
720
293
533

121
344
715
276
513

3
133
38
152
170

5
127
32
129
170

516
236

527
251

203
296

203
302

496
283
947
386
674

519
273
963
33 9
651

7,397
6,107

7,612

2,309

2,355

2,779

2,845

2,308

2,411

2,430

2,512

4,967

5,100

6,344

1,679

1,709

2,214

2,312

2,210

2,327

1,997

2,112

4,110

4,232

115
471
1,384
10
332

2
371
938
838
61

1
373
959
943
51

567
415
49
622
344

584
431
51
670
376

596
420
2,585
227
282

590
453
2,607
281
301

433

398

857

869

176
90

189
80

101
66

76
53

185
111
280
154
127

191
138
278
133
129

BLACK AND OTHER
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired .
Other

1,163
835

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons l
1

....

2,634
849
626

1,174
884
2,658
951
677

1,056
39
317

1,057
42
316

267

294

107
420
1,376
13
298

1,290

1,267

632

647

562

537

98

84

380
218
278
209
182

322
28
102
105
75

334
33
109
87
84

39
131
175
123
94

46
142
167
100
82

44
2
27
25

44
2
22
16

361
201
280
255
193

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."

41. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex,
and detailed reason
[In thousands]

____—_-_—--—————1979
Race

Detailed reason for not seeking work

Total
16-19

20-24

25 59

60 and
over

White

Black and
other

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap

113
94
43

16
21
4

1
17
9

22
54
24

75
3
5

99
65
35

14
29
8

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

281
219

65
16

46
27

137
138

32
36

171
171

109
48

53
30
17

11
11
3

1
5
5

4
12
8

38
2
2

44
19
14

9
11
3

106
72

33
9

23
9

37
33

1.2
22

64
62

41
11

60
64
26

5
10
1

12
5

17
43
15

38
1
4

55
46
21

5
18
5

175
146

33
8

22
18

99
105

21
14

107
109

68
37

Males

Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
Females

Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available




189

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Age in years

other

1978

1979

Total, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons

58,521
9,232
28,538

58,623
9,057
29,166

Males, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons

16,634 16,931
2,041
2,071
7,623
7,201
3,688 3,474
3,703 3,758
100.0
100.0
39.1
40.3
10.4
10.3
13.6
13.5
17.7
18.9
8.8
9.3
4.4
4.8
4.4
4.8
18.3
18.0
41,887 41,692
6,984
7,191
21,337 21,543
6,876
7,115
6,243 6,288
100.0
100.0
49.5
48.0
6.9
6.4
4.2
4.6
19.7
20.6
8.0
8.3
5.3
5.2
6.3
7.0
20.4
19.7

Females, not in labor force

Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons . .

Black and

Total

Most recent work experience and
reason for leaving job

10,803
9,946
100.0
44.7
7.9
7.9
19.9
8.7
5.1
6.2
19.5

10,349
10,046
100.0
46.0
8.2
7.7
18.9
8.3
5.0
5.6

19.2

1979

1978

1978

1979

11,397 11,286 22,399 22,043
2,127
4,601 4,482 2,140
272 11,324 11,168
304 1,595
4,992
5,241
1,660
3,692 3,756
4,831 4,937
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
39.4
62.0
39.2
60.2
13.6
2.2
12.1
2.2
2.9
3.4
17.4
16.0
22.2
23.0
8.9
8.2
8.4
8.5
3.6
3.6
6.9
7.0
4.3
4.9
6.8
7.5
19.7
20.1
22.0
22.3
4,399 3,105 3,153
4,402
237
1,788
221
1,784
1,209
36 1,119
51
979
388
346 1,046
726
718
2,231
2,178
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
19.3
59.0
19.9
60.4
28.6
2.5
26.7
2.2
8.8
9.5
18.6
17.6
17.0
19.8
9.7
6.6
10.2
7.4
3.8
6.9
3.8
7.9
4.2
3.5
4.6
4.5
19.7
26.2
19.9
24.0
6,995 6,887 19,294 18,890
1,889
2,694 1,920
2,818
9,958
237 10,204
253
4,012
1,250 4,195
1,271
3,030
2,707 2,974
2,652
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
44.2
61.3
63.5
43.8
10.0
2.1
2.0
8.5
1.4
2.0
14.7
23.4
16.4
23.7
6.9
7.9
8.8
8.7
3.4
6.9
3.5
6.7
7.6
4.3
5.1
8.3
19.7
20.4
21.0
22.0

1978

1979

24,725
2,490
16,912
3,900
1,423
100.0
6.3
16.3
46.6
20.8
8.3
5.1
7.4
10.0
9,127
37
6,032
2,253
806

1978

1979

25,294 51,124 51,011
2,448
7,382 7,170
17,728 25,556 26,023
3,763 9,519
9,062
8,666 8,756
1,354
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.8
5.9
45.8
7.6
15.1
7.5
8.2
49.1
8.5
18.5
20.4
19.1
8.2
8.8
8.1
4.9
4.6
4.8
5.4
7.0
6.2
18.9
9.5
19.1
9,379 14,204 14,419
48
1,459
1,478
6,379 6,309 6,661
2,148
3,224 3,054
3,246
800 3,192
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.3
39.9
3.2
9.9
10.3
16.2
14.2
14.9
55.2
16.7
18.1
17.4
8.3
8.4
8.3
4.3
3.9
4.4
4.1
5.9
4.7
17.9
7.2
17.5

100.0
2.5
17.1
53.8
18.9
8.6
4.8
5.6
7.8
15,598 15,915 36,920 36,592
2,399
5,904
5,711
2,453
10,880 11,348 19,247 19,362
6,008
1,614
1,648
6,295
554 5,474 5,510
617
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.0
9.9
49.2
11.5
6.3
5.9
13.3
15.3
4.7
4.7
40.4
37.2
19.5
20.1
23*8
23.2
8.1
9.4
8.0
8.1
5.2
5.0
5.9
5.4
6.2
7.1
8.5
9.7
12.6
12.8
19.5
20.1

1978

1979

7,397
1,850
2,982

7,612
1,887
3,144
1,288
1,290
100.0
40.7
12.1
4.0
22.0

1,284
1,280
100.0
37.7
10.5
4.1
25.4'
12.3
6.7

6.5
22.3
2,430
563
892
464
511
100.0
34.3
10.8
5.3
28.0
15.1
7.3
5.7
21.6
4,967
1,287
2,090
820
769
100.0
39.9
10.3
3.4
23.7
10.4
6.2
7.0
22.8

9.5
5.9

6.5
21.3
2,512
614

963
420

512
100.0
33.6
13.1
8.6
24.0
12.5
4.9
6.6
20.7
5,100
1,273
2,181
868
778
100.0
45.3
11.5
1.0
20.6
7.6
6.6
6.4
21.6

43. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years

16-24

Work-seeking intentions and work history

Black and
other

25-59

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

197 9

1978

1979

49,239
9,280
1,631
1,155
1,896
4,599

49,250
9,369
1,569
1,151
1,844
4,805

6,238
5,159
1,501
48
598
3,011

6,064
5,222
1,432
54
614
3,121

18,871
3,527
121
965
1,082
1,360

18,484
3,559
127
934
1,031
1,465

24,131.
593
8
142
217
227

24,703
589
10
163
198
219

43,617
7,505
1,172
945
1,467
3,922

43,472
7,538
1,117
903
1,437
4,081

5,622
l-,775
458
210
429
677

5,778
1,831
452
248
407
723

13,335
3,298
686
153
512
1,947

13,604
3,324
644
180
476
2,023

2,041
2,361
663
14
198
1,485

2,054
2,345
621
10
173
1,543

2,466
638
22
87
194
335

2,483
670
24
96
201
349

8,827
300

,066
309

53
120
128

75
103
131

11,547
2,656
495
113
402
1,647

11,719
2,699
448
133
380
1,739

1,788
642
191
41
110
300

1,884
625
196
47
97
284

35,904
5,982
945
1,001
1,384
2,652

35,646
6,045
925
971
1,367
2,782

4,195
2,799
839
34
400
1,526

4,010
2,877
812
45
444
1,577

16,403
2,889
99
879
888
1,025

16,000
2,889
103
839
830
1,117

15,304
293
8
89
97
100

15,635
280
10
87
95

3 2,070
4,849
677
832
1,065
2,275

31,753
4,839
669
770
1,057
2,342

3,834
1,133
267
169
319
377

3,894
1,206
256
201
310
439

Total
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Males

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Females

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months .
Never worked ,
,
Last worked over 5 years ago
,
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

190




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands]
Hispanic origin2
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

158,941

161,532

139,580

141,614

16, 640

17,026

7,639

7,901

100,420
63.2

102,908

88,456
63.4

90,602
64.0

10,211
61.4

83,836
3,034
80,802
4,620
5.2
51,124

86,025

8,680
1,286
12.6

10,430
61.3
9,160
241
8,919
1,269
12.2

6,430

6,596

4,801
62.8
4,366
221
4,145
435
9.1
2,838

5,019
63.5
4,604
221
4,384
415
8.3
2,883

94,373
3, 342
91,031
6,047
6.0
58,521

63.7
96,945
3,297
93,648
5,963
5.8

58,623

2,999
83,026
4,577
5.1
51,011

8,925
245

1978

1979

Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . .
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

67,006

68,293

59,510

60,567

6,397

6,563

3,107

3,226

53 ,464
79.8
51 ,212
2 ,361
48 , 8 5 2
2 ,252
4.2
13 , 5 4 1

54 ,486
79.8
52 ,264
2 ,350
49 ,913
2 ,223
4.1
13 ,807

47,733
80.2

48,583
80.2

45,977

46,854

4,856
75.9

2,120
43,857
1,757
3.7
11,777

2,122
44,733
1,728

4,415
196
4,217
443
9.1
1,541

4,981
75.9
4,529
187
4,343
452
9.1
1,580

2,639
84.9
2,473
167

2,753
85.3
2,595
170

2,306
166
6.3
468

2,425
158
5.7
473

3.6
11,984

Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

75,489

76,860

66,146

67,206

8,022

8,242

3,486

3,614

37,416

38,910

33,545
49.9
31,876

4,447
55.4
3,953

1,669
5.0
33,662

493
11.1
3,575

4,562
55.4
4,068
34
4,033
494

37,949

32,233
48.7
30,547
545
30,002
1,686
5.2
33,913

10.8
3,681

1,643
47.1
1,481
31
1,450
162
9.8
1,843

1,576
28
1,549
154
8.9
1,883

49.6
35,180
586

34,593
2,236
6.0
38,073

50.6
36,698
591
36,107
2,213
5.7

546
31,330

28

3,926

1,731

47.9

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population

16,447

16,379

13,924

13,841

2,221

2,221

1,046

1,061

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force

9,540
58.0
7,981
395
7,586
1,559
16.3
6,907

9,512
58.1
7,984
356
7,628
1,528
16.1
6,867

8,490
61.0
7,312
369

8,475
61.2

907

886
39.9
563

519
49.6

535
50.4
433
23
410
102
19.1
527

6,943
1,178
13.9
5,435

7,295
332
6,963
1,181
13.9

5,365

40.8
557
20
537
351

19
543
323

38.6

36.5

1,314

1,335

412
23
389
107
20.6
527

1
Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, they comprised about
89 percent of the "black and other" population group.
3
Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means
that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the 1970 Census,
approximately 96 percent of their population was white.




191

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A N N U A L AVERAGES
45. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin
by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands]
Total Hispanic origin*

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

Employment status

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

Civilian noninstitutional population .

7,639

7,901

4,471

4,721

1,085

1,065

569

592

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

4,801
62.8
4,366
221
4,145
435
9.1
2,838

5,019
63.5
4,604
221
4,384
415
8.3
2,883

2,924
65.4
2,665
197
2,468
259
8.9
1,547

3,119
66.1
2,864
197
2,666
255
8.2
1,602

550
50.7
477
7
469
73
13.2
535

543
51.0
481
4
477
62
11.5
522

377
66.3
351
5
346
26
7.0
192

391
66.0
361
4
356
31
7.8
200

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,107

3,226

1,902

2,000

391

381

227

244

Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . . .
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate

2,639
84.9
2,473
167
2,306
166
6.3
468

2,753
85.3
2,595
170
2,425
158
5.7
473

1,654
87.0
1,559
148
1,411
95
5.7
248

1,762
88.1
1,667
152
1,515
95
5.4
237

316
80.8
282
6
276
33
10.6
75

304
79.8
274
2
272
30
9.9
77

187
82.4
178
4
173
9
5.0
39

203
83.2
193
^4
189
10
4.9
41

3,486

3,614

1,927

2,050

536

524

287

285

1,643
47.1
1,481
31
1,450
162
9.8
1,843

1,731
47.9
1,576
28
1,549
154
8.9
1,883

934
48.5
835
28
807
99
10.6
993

989
48.2
892
25
867
98
9.9
1,061

174
32.5
152

161
56.1
150

157
55.1
145

152
22
12.7
361

185
35.3
167
1
166
17
9,3
339

150
10
6.5
126

145
12
7.9
128

1,046

1,061

642

672

158

160

56

63

519
49.6
412
23
389
107
20.6
527

535
50.4
433
23
410
102
19.1
527

336
52.3
271
21
250
65
19.4
306

367
54.6
305
20
285
62
16.9
304

59
37.3
42
1
41
17
29.2
99

55
34.4
40
1
39
15
27.8
106

29
51.8
23

31
49.2
23

22
7
(2)
27

23
8
(2)
32

TOTAL

Males, 20 years and over

Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not
shown separately.
2
Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.

192




NOTE: See note, table 44.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
46. Employed parsons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Hispanic origin'

Black and other

White

Total
Selected categories

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

94,373
55,491
38,882

96,945
56,499
40,446

83,836
49,893
33,943

86,025
50,721
35,304

10,537
5,599
4,938

10,920
5,779
5,141

4,366
2,707
1,659

4,604
2,848
1,757

47,205
14,245
10,105
5,951
16,904
31,531
12,386
10,875
3,541
4,729
12,839
2,798

49,342
15,050
10,516
6,163
17,613
32,066
12,880
10,909
3,612
4,665
12,834
2,703

43,388
13,012
9,597
5,651
15,128
27,611
11,460
9,242
3,014
3,894
10,298
2,540

45,203
13,714
9,945
5,861
15,683
28,063
11,858
9,264
3,089
3,851
10,299
2,460

3,817
1,233
508
300
1,776
3,920
925
1,632
527
835
2,541
258

4,140
1,336
572
302
1,931
4,003
1,022
1,645
523
813
2,535
243

1,412
326
256
170
660
2,039
583
926
177
353
736
179

1,502
349
278
181
694
2,177
640
991
185
361
751
173

..

1,419
1,607
316

1,413
1,580
304

1,187
1,540
307

1,176
1,526
297

232
67
9

237
54
7

200
19
2

200
18
3

. .

84,253
15,289
68,966
1,363
67,603
6,305
472

86,540
15,369
71,171
1,240
69,931
6,652
455

74,448
12,873
61,575
932
60,643
5,908
446

76,338
12,932
63,406
842
62,564
6,255
434

9,805
2,415
7,390
431
6,959
397
27

10,203
2,437
7,766
398
7,368
398
21

3,940
594
3,346
82
3,264
189
16

4,151
610
3,540
84
3,456
216
17

77,396
3,428
13,549

79,624
3,478
13,843

68,709
2,802
12,325

70,553
2,865
12,606

8,687
626
! ,223

9,071
612
1,237

3,698
220
447

3,928
231
446

CHARACTERISTICS
Total 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
•. .
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
. . .
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

.

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

....

See footnote 2, table 44.
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed




proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.

103

H O U S E H O L D DATA
A N N U A L AVERAGES
47. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
[In thousands]
Total Hispanic

Puerto Rican
origin

Mexican origin

origin 1

Cuban origin

Selected categories

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

4,366
2,707
1,659

4,604
2,848
1,757

2,665
1,710
955

2,864
1,842
1,022

477
304
172

481
298
183

351
193
158

361
208
152

1,412
326
256
170
660
2,039
583
926
177
353
736
179

1,502
349
278
181
694
2,177
640
991
185
361
751
173

732
150
143
80
359
1,331
390
559
120
262
441
162

796
159
150
88
399
1,446
426
626
126
268
462
158

163
35
23
21
84
220
47
125
22
26
87
6

178
47
23
17
91
207
46
115
20
26
92
3

149
37
27
22
63
152
46
81
8
17
47
3

158
44
31
23
60
160
47
81
14
18
41
2

200
19
2

200
18
3

182
14
2

183
12
2

7

4

3
2

3
1
—

3,940
594
3,346
82
3,264
189
16

4,151
610
3,540
84
3,456
216
17

2,352
380
1,972
53
1,919
106
9

2,543
379
2,164
52
2,112
111
12

457
73
384
2
382
12
1

461
86
376
3
373
16

321
28
293
1
292
24
1

327
34
293
2
291
29
1

3,698
220
447

3,928
231
446

2,245
152
269

2,422
170
111

419
20
37

425
14
42

298
11
42

309
IX
41

CHARACTERISTICS
Total 16 years and over
Females

.
OCCUPATION

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers

....

Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

MAJOR I N D U S T R Y A N D CLASS
O F WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers

....

Unpaid family workers
Nonagriculturel industries:
Wage and salary workers

Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- A N D PART-TIME S T A T U S 2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

See footnote 1. table 45.

194



See footnote 2, table 46.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANN UAL AVERAGES
48. Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by occupation
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979
Occupation

Total
employed

Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade .

9.4

4.8

49,342
15,050
2,809
3,118
9,123

6.5
6.4
7.0
9.0
5.3

3.0
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.4

Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries

10,516
8,733
849
935

4.0
4.1
4.0
3.6

2.6
2.5
3.9

6,163
3,215
2,948

3.6
4.3
2.9

2.9
3.9
1.9

17,613
4,825
12,788

9.1
7.5
9,8

3.9
3.4
4.1

Retail trade
Other industries

Stenographers, typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft

Occupation

Hispanic

96,945

Sales workers

Clerical workers

Percent of total

32,066
12,880
1,276
2,639
3,451
1,291

11.0
6.8
3.8
8.7
6.3
6.6

6.8
.0
5.0
5.3
4.9
3.6

1,739

6.6

4.5

Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere

Blue-collar workers—Continued
All other

Percent of total

2,484

7.2

5.6

10,909
5,032
3,376
2,501

13.0
12.6
14.5
11.5

9.1
8.4
11.1
7.7

Transport equipment operatives .
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other

3,612
3,066
546

13.4
12.9
16.3

5,1
5.0
6.0

Nonfarm laborers . .
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . ,
Other industries .

4,665
878
1,068
2,719

15.9
16.5
18.7
14.6

7.7
10.0
7.7
7.1

12,834
1,088

11,746
4,300
1,406
6,040

17.4
31.8
16.0
10.1
11.5
21.3

5.9
6.5
5.8
5.9
4.0
6.1

2,703
1,446
1,257
971
286

7.3
1.8
13.5
17.1
1.4

6.4
.8
12.9
16.4
1.0

Service workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household1
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors

..

Paid workers

classified

Total
employed

Unpaid family workers

I
See footnote 2, table 44.

See footnote 1, table 44.

49. Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by industry
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1979
Percent of total

Industry
Total
employed

Total, 16 years and over
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, d a y , and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment . . .
Instruments and related products . . . .
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
1

See footnote 1, table 44.




...

Total
employed

Hispanic
origin 3

96,945

9.4

3,297
865
6,299
22,137
13,450
730
567
706
1,262
1,495
2,747
2,293
2,298
1,238
1,060
584
768
8,688
1,789
823
1,279
726
1,507
1,217
731

7.3
3.6
7.0
9.8
9.4
15.2
7.8
11.2
14.6
8.1
5.6
7.9
12.9
15.1
10.4
6.2
7.3
10.5
10.6
1.5.4
13.0
9.1
7.3
10.4
8.5

4.8

Percent of total

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Other nondurable goods industries

6.7
4.9 Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
5.2
Other transportation
6.0
Communications and other public utilities
5.4
4.5 Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
8.8
Retail trade
5.4
5.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate
7.1
4.0 Service industries
Private household
5.8
Other service industries
3.7
Business repair services
2.9
Personal services
4.7
Entertainment and recreation services
4.5
Professional services
10.3
Medical, except hospital
7.0
Hospitals •
8.8
Welfare
and religion
4.0
Education
15.2
Other
4.4
Forestry and fisheries
3.6
3.6
7.0 Public administration

616
6,406
605
3,101
2,699
19,672
3,775
15,898

Hispanic
origin 2

10.2
11.4
8.8
11.9
11.4
6.2
6.0
6.2

7.0

4.1
3.5
4.6
3.7
4.6
4.0
4.8

5,779
27,433
1,301
26,132
3,632
2,499
1,026
18,817
3,047
3,843
1,536
7,855
2,537
157

7.*5
11.8
30.1
11.0
9.0
12.2
7.3
11.3
9.7
16.3

15.8
10.8
4.5
3.2

3.4
4.0
6,6
3.9
5.1
5.8
4.4
3.3
3.0
3.5
4.4
3.4
2.6
3.8

5,056

12.9

4.1

See footnote 2 , table 44.

196

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Total

Hispanic origin2

White

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

94,373

96,945

83,836

86,025

8,925

9,160

4,366

4,605

7,981
3,269
4,712
13,498
72,894
58,759
14,136

7,984
3,271
4,713
13,891
75,070
60,721
14,349

7,312
3,033
4,279
11,977
64,547
51,774
12,774

7,295
3,021
4,274
12,287
66,444
53,468
12,976

557
189
368
1,295
7,072
5,870
1,202

563
201
362
1,353
7,244
6,054
1,190

412
153
259
766
3 ,188
2 ,833
355

433
146
286
819
3,353
2,981
372

55,491

56,499

49,893

50,721

4,717

4,836

2 ,707

2,848

4,279
1,767
2,512
7,330
43,883
35,149
8,734

4,236
1,761
2,475
7,534
44,730
35,923
8,807

3,916
1,637
2,279
6,560
39,417
31,472
7,945

3,866
1,624
2,242
6,692
40,163
32,129
8,034

303
105
198
658
3,757
3,074
683

306
110
196
710
3,820
3,163
657

234
90
144
472
2 ,001
1,755
246

252
89
164
486
2,110
1,861 ^
249

38,882

40,446

33,943

35,304

4,207

4,324

1 ,659

1,757

3,702
1,502
2,200
6,168
29,011
23,609
5,402

3,748
1,510
2,238
6,358
30,340
24,798
5,542

3,396
1,396
2,000
5,418
25,130
20,302
4,828

3,428
1,396
2,032
5,595
26,281
21,339
4,942

254
84
170
638
3,317
2,797
520

257
91
166
643
3,425
2,891
533

178
63
115
294
1 ,187
1,079
109

180
58
123
333
1,244
1,120
124

3

See footnote 1, table 44.

See footnote 2, table 44.

51. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Hispanic origin2

Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 ye?.rs
55 years and over

1

See footnote 1, table 44.

196




1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6.0

5.8

5.2

5.1

12.6

12.2

9.1

8.3

16.3
19.3
14.2
9.5
4.0
4.2
3.2

16.1
18.1
14.6
9.0
3.9
4.1
3.0

13.9
17.0
11.5
7.9
3.6
3.8
3.0

13.9
16.0
12.4
7.6
3.5
3.6
2.8

38 .6
43 .9
35 .5
21 .7
7 .5
8 .1
5 .0

36.5
40.2
34.3
20.4
7.6
8.2
5.0

20.6
28.6
15.1
10.8
6.9
7.1
5.3

19.1
26.3
14.8
10.3
6.1
6.2
5.8

5.2

5.1

4.5

4.4

11 .6

11.2

7.6

6.9

15.7
19.2
13.2
9.1
3.3
3.4
3.1

15.8
17.9
14.2
8.6
3.3
3.4
2.9

13.5
16.9
10.8
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.9

13.9
16.1
12.3
7.4
2.9
3.0
2.6

36 .5
42 .8
32 .7
20 .8
6 .7
7 .1
4 .9

34.0
37.6
31.8
18.4
7.1
7.4
5.3

19.5
27.2
13.8
9.3
5.6
5.6
5.0

17.4
23.4
13.8
9.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

7.2

6.8

6.2

5.9

13 .7

13.2

11.3

10.4

17.0
19.5
15.3
10.1
5.1
5.4
3.3

16.4
18.3
15.0
9.6
4.8
5.2
3.2

14.4
17.1
12.4
8.3
4.5
4.9
3.1

13.9
15.9
12.5
7.8
4.4
4.7
3.0

41 .0
45 .2
38 .6
22 .6
8 .5
9 .1
5 .1

39.2
42.9
36.9
22.4
8.3
8.9

22.0
30.3
16.6
13.1
9.0
9.3
6.9

21.3
30.5
16.1
12.2
8.0
8.0
7.6

7

See footnote 2. table 44.

4.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
52. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Hispanic origin1

Black and other
Weeks of unemployment

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,047
2,973
1,875
1,379
746
633

5,963
2,869
1,892
1,202
684
518

4,620
2,212
1,413
995
553
442

4,577
2,263
1,438
876
518
359

1,427
581
462
384
193
191

11.9
5.9

10.8
5.4

11.3
5.5

10.3
5.1

100.0
46.2
31.0
22.8
12.3
10.5

100.0
48.1
31.7
20.2
11.5
8.7

100.0
47.9
30.6
21.5
12.0
9.6

100.0
49.4
31.4
19.1
11.3
7.8

1978

1979

1,386
606
454
326
166
159

435
218
127
90
53
38

415
210
133
71
48
23

14.0
7.2

12.7
6.4

10.9
5.0

9.3
4.9

100.0
40.7
32.4
26.9
13.5
13.4

100.0
43.8
32.8
23.5
12.0
11.5

100.0
50.0
29.1
20.9
12.2
8.7

100.0
50.7
32.1
17.1
11.6
5.6

Duration
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

1

See footnote 2, table 44.

53. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]

White

Total

Hispanic origin !

Black and other

Reason for unemployment

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,047
2,514
698
1,817
851
1,814
867

5,963
2,555
835
1,719
854
1,758
• 797

4,620
1,972
593
1,379
1,938
1,348
591

4,577
1,993
694
1,299
715
1,314
555

1,427
542
105
438
142
467
276

1,386
562
142
420
139
444
242

435
200
42
158
56
111
67

415
204
49
155
59
94
58

100.0
41.5
11.5
30.0
14.1
30.0
14.3

100.0
42.8
14.0
28.8
14.3
29.5
13.4

100.0
42.6
12.8
29.8
15.4
29.2
12.8

100.0
43.6
15.2
28.4
15.6
28.7
12.1

100.0
38.0
7.3
30.7
9.9
32.7
19.4

100.0
40.5
10.2
30.3
10.0
32.0
17.4

100.0
46.1
9.7
36.4
12.9
25.6
15.4

100.0
49.1
11.8
37.3
14.2
22.7
14.0

2.5
.8
1.8
.9

2.5
.8
1.7
.8

2.3

2.2
.8
1.5
.6

4.6
1.2
3.9
2.3

4.6
1.1
3.6
2.0

4.2
1.2
2.3
1.4

4.1
1.2
1.9
1.2

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers

,

On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1.5
.7

See footnote 2, table 44.




197

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
54. Job desire of black and Hispanic origin workers not in labor force and reasons for not seeking
work by age and sex
(In thousands)
Age in years
Total
Reasons for not seeking work

16-24

Sex

25-59

60 and over

Males

Females

1979
BLACK1
Total not in labor force . . .

6,596

2,062

2,403

2,132

2,188

4,408

5,452

1,460

1,929

2,062

1,839

3,612

969

888

82

476

493

826
2,260

37
290

433
1,115

357
852

408

418

45

2,214

8

808

573

243

245

291

45

337

244

601

474

68

350

795

166

190

76

121

Current activity:
Going to school
III. disabled
Keeping house

816

Retired
Other

581

. . . .

Want a job now

.

1,144

.

Reason not looking:
356

321

34

III health, disability

197

26

129

Home responsibilities

250

99

150

1

191

86

91

15

67

125

150

69

70

11

41

109

2,882

849

1,411

622

705

2,177

1,240

600

593

1,912

182

189

Think cannot get job
Other reasons a ..

....

. .

HISPANIC O R I G I N
Total not in labor force

.

..

. . . .

41

250

3

2,506

666

372

335

37

206

10

99

220
—

74
287

108

1,466

124
958

6

1,460

101

2
119

111
12

167
130

103

376

183

171

23

111

265

School attendance

107

97

10

Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job

50
101
50
68

4
38
15
29

37
64
27
33

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school . . . . '
Ill, disabled

229
233

Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:

Other reasons

3

See footnote 1, table 44.
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."

198



3

See footnote 2, table 44.

61

47

60

8

23

8
7

16
25

27
101
34
43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
55. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor fores
Unemployed

Civilian
noninititutional
population

Veteran status
and age

of
labor
force

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years

8,333
753

8,524
552

7,874
672

8, 111
508

7,506
592

7,763
450

368
80

25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over

6,862
2,357
3,376
1,129
718

7,127
1,966
3,602
1,559
845

6,595
2,233
3,268
1,094
607

6,877
1,868
3,494
1,515
726

6,328
2,100
3,167
1,061
586

6,611
1,760
3,379
1,472
702

13,695
6,096
4,000
3,599

14,578
6,657
4,186
3,735

13,040
5,771
3,822
3,447

13,863
6,305
3,992
3,566

12,524
5,491
3,688
3,345

13,325
6,017
3,851
3,457

1978

1979

1978

1979

348
58

4.7
11.9

4.3
11.4

2b7
133
101
33
21

266
108
115
43
24

4.0
6.0
3.1
3.0

3.5

3.9
5.8
3.3
2.8
3.3

516
280
134
102

538
288
141
10S

4.0
4.9
3.5
3.0

3.9
4.6
3.5
3.1

VETERANS 1

NONVETERANS
Total. 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years

1

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1964 and May 7,1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited,
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
1

56.

Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39 years by age, race,

and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status

Hltpank origin3

Black and other

Black and other

Hispanic origin2

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

243
230
218
12
5.2

11,863
11,378
10,988
390
3.4

12,672
12,157
11,753
404
3.3

1,832
1,662
1,536
126
7.6

1,906
1,706
1,572
134
7.9

950
901
843
58
6.4

1,029
969
917
52
5.4

85
80
75
6.3

5,324
5,082
4,870
212
4.2

5,839
5,582
5,361
221
4.0

772
689
621
68
9.9

818
723
656
67
9.3

394
375
349
26
6.9

430
403
381
22
5.5

102
97
93
4
4.1

114
108
103
5
4.6

3,447
3,319
3,222
97
2.9

3,602
3,465
3,365
100
7.4

553
503
466
37
7,4

584
527
486
41
7.8

283
266
249
17
6.4

313
296
282
14
4.7

33
32
31
1
(3)

44
42
40
2
4.8

3,092
2,977
2,896
81
2.7

3,231
3,110
3,027
83
2.7

507
470
449
21
4.5

504
456
430
26
5.7

273
260
245
15
5.8

286
270
254
16
5.9

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,208
5,985
5,768
217
3.6

6,416
6,209
5,995
214
3.4

654
610
560
50
8.2

711
668
616
52
7.8

235
223
211
12
5.4

2,111
2,005
1,900
105
5.2

1,732
1,647
1,563
84
5.1

246
228
200
28
12.3

234
221
197
24
10.9

100
94
87
7
7.4

3,080
2,990
2,905
85
2.8

3,278
3,191
3,097
94
2.9

296
278
262
16
5.8

324
303
282
21
6.9

1,017
990
963
27
2.7

1,406
1,371
1,335
36
2.6

112
104
98
6
5.8

153
144
137
7
4.9

Total, 25 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
36 to 3» years
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnote 1, table 56.
See footnote 2, table 44.




'

Percent not shown where bate is less than 35.000.

199

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

57. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolHan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbtrl in thQuuodl)
Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas
Employment status

Central cities

Total

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

Nonfarm

Farm

Total

Suburbs

1979

1978

1979

4,827
3,032
62.8
2,952

4,594
2,926
63.7
2,859

1978

1979

Total

107,391 109,969 45,323 46,014 62,068 63,955 51,550 51,563
68,738 71,192 28,108 28,803 40,630 42,390 31,682 31,716
64.0
62.6
64.7 62.0
61.5
66.3
61.5
65.5
64,529 67,029 26,029 26,759 38,499 40,269 29,844 29,916
1,800
1,837
4,210 4,163 2,079 2,044 2,131 2,120

Civili<ir noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
.
. . .
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

6.1

38,653

46,723 46,969
28,650 28,790
61.3
61.3
26,892 27,057
1,732
1,758

7.4

7.1

5.2

5.0

5.8

5.7

79
2.6

68
2.3

6.1

6.0

38,777 17,215

17,211

21,437

21,566

19,869

19,847

1,795

1,668

18,073

18,179

27,341 21,848
22,640 17,005
82.8
77.8
21,892 16,332

21,990
17,069
77.6
16,415

2,180
1,807
82.9
1,781

2,099
1,741
83.0
1,716

19,668 19,891
15,198 15,328
77.1
77.3
14,551 14,699

5.8

Males, 20 years and over

45,158 46,304 18,660
36,459 37,417 14,484
77.6
80.8
80.7
34,880 35,848 13,658
1,579
825
1,569
4.2
4.3
5.7
8,699 8,886 4,176

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

18,963 26,499
14,776 21,975
77.9
82.9
13,957 21,223
821

753

749

673

654

26

26

647

5.6
4,187

3.4
4,523

3.3
4,700

4.0
4,842

3.8
4,921

1.4
372

1.5
358

4.3
4,470

52,610 22,267 22,637
27,336 11,268 11,668
52.0 50.6
51.5
25,792 10,511 10,914
757
754
1,544

28,953 29,972
14,629 15,668
52.3
50.5
13,849 14,878

24,269
11,518
47.5
10,820

24,250
11,574
47.7
10,905

2,064
880
42.7

1,948
862
44.2

790

699

669

849
31

840
22

25,274 10,999

14,323 14,305

12,751 12,676

1,184

628
4.1

4,563

Females, 20 years and over

51,219
25,897
50.6
24,360
1,537

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

781

22,205 22,302
10,638 10,712
48.0
47.9
9,971 10,065
668

647

1,087

11,567

6.0
11,589

583
344
59.0

546
323
59.1

321
22
6.5
239

303
19
6.0
224

4,850
2,814
58.0
2,371

4,777
2,750
57.6
2,292

46,798 47,027 4,509
28,890 29,113 2,859
61.7
61.9
63.4
27,372 27,602 2,796
1,518
1,511
63
5.3
2.2
5.2
17,908 17,914 1,650

c n

25,322

10,969

Both sexes, 16-19 years

11,014 11,056
6,382 6,439
58.2
57.9
5,289 5,388
1,051
1,093
16.3
17.1
4,632 4,617

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

4,397
2,356
53.6
1,860

4,413
2,358
53.4
1,889

6,642
4,081
61.4
3,499

496

6,617
4,026
60.8
3,428

5,433
3,158
58.1
2,692

5,323
3,073
57.7
2,595

469

597

581

466

477

21.1
2,039

19.9
2,055

14.8
2,591

14.2
2,562

14.7
2,275

15.5
2,250

34,856 35,200 57,926
21,732 22,218 37,834
62.3
63.1
65.3
20,491 21,003 35,973
1,241
1,215
1,861
5.7
5.5
4.9
13,124 12,982 20,091

59,387
39,272
66.1
37,421
1,851
4.7
20,115

444

458

15.8
2,036

16.7
2,026

4,340
2,791
64.3
2,734
57
2.0
1,549

42,289
26,031
61.6
24,576
1,455
5.6
16,258

42,687
26,322
61.7
24,868
1,454
5.5
16,365

318
172

254
135

54.3

53.1

156
17
9.7
145

124
10
7.7
119

4,434
2,620
59.1
2,316

4,281
2,468
57.7
2,190

White

92,782
59,566
64.2
56,464
3,102
5.2
33,216

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

94,587
61,489
65.0
58,423
3,066
5.0
33,097

Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
.

200




.
..

. •.

14,609 15,383 10,467 10,814
9,172 9,703 6,376 6,585
60.9
63.1 60.9
62.8
8,065 8,606 5,538 5,757
828
839
1,097
1,108
12.6
11.3 13.2
12.1
5,437 5,680 4,091 4,230

4,142
2,796
67.5
2,527

4,568
3,118
68.3
2,849

4,752
2,792
58.7
2,472

4,535
2,603
57.4
2,314

269
9.6

269
8.6

319

289

1,346

1,450

11.4
1,961

11.1
1,932

302

279

11.5
1,816

11.3
1,813

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
58. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)

Employment status

Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty

Poverty

Nonpoverty

Poverty

areas

areas

areas

areas

Nonpoverty
areas

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

28,976
16,285
56.2
14,873
1,412
8.7
12,691

28,801
16,195
56.2
14,877
1,318
8.1
12,606

129,965
84,135
64.7
79,500
4,635
5.5
45,831

132,731
86,713
65.3
82,068
4,645
5.4
46,018

11,155
6,060
54.3
5,313
747
12.3
5,095

10,948
5,964
54.5
5,284
680
11.4
4,984

96,236
62,678
65.1
59,216
3,463
. 5.5
33,557

99,021
65,229
65.9
61,745
3,483
5.3
33,793

17,821
10,225
57.4
9,560
665
6.5
7,596

17,853
10,231
57 f 3
9,593
638
6.2
7,622

33,729
21,456
63.6
20,284
1,172
5.5
12,273

33,709
21,485
63.7
20,323
1,162
5.4
12,225

20,445
11,694
57.2
10,963

20,389
11,695
57.4
10,999

121,224
78,907
65.1
75,026
3,881
4.9
42,318

5,795
3,210
55.4
2,930

5,543
3,076
55.5
2,828

14,847
8,619
58.1
8,170

279

248

453

449

8.1
2,466

89,044
58,413
65.6
55,594
2,818
4.8
30,631

14,650
8,485
57.9
8,032

8.7
2,586

86,987
56,357
64.8
53,534
2,824
5.0
30,631

5.3
6,166

5.2
6,228

32,148
20,405
63.5
19,340
1,066
5.2
11,742

32,181
20 ,.494
63.7
19,432
1,062
5.2
11,687

11,507
7,806
67.8
7,042

5,360
2,850
53.2
2,383

5,405
2,887
53.4
2,455

9,249
6,322
68.4
5,682

9,978
6,816
68.3
6,151

3,171
1,741
54.9
1,528

3,007
1,612
53.6
1,423

1,582
1,051
66.4
944

1,529

Total

Civilian noninstitutional
population
...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
White

Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
. ..
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
....
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force

732

697

6.3
8,751

6.0
8,694

119,135
76,762
64.4
72,873
3,888
5.1
42,373

8,531
4,591
53.8
3,911

8,411
4,500
53.5
3,878

10,830
7,373
68.1
6,626

Black and other

Civilian noninstitutional
population .
.
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . ..
Employed
..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

991

64.8
891

680

621

147

765

468

432

640

665

213

189

107

100

14.8
3,940

13.8
3,912

10.1
3,458

9.8
3,700

16.4
2,510

15.0
2,518

10.1
2,927

9.8
3,162

12.2
1,430

11.7
1,394

10.1
531

10.1
538

59. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Sex, age, and race

Metropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

8.7
6.2
8.7

8.1
5.7
8.3

5.5
3.8
5.5

5.4
3.8
5.2

12.3

11.4

9.6

8.4

6.5
4.4
7.2

6.2
4.2
6.6

5.5
3.8
5.5

5.4
3.7
5.4

21.9

15.2

15.0

10.9
30.1

5.3
3.8
5.2

22.0

11.0
32.3

5.5
3.8
5.4

15.6

15.0

16.0

17.2

14.2

14.8

6.3
4.7
6.5

6.0
4.3
6,2

5.1
3.5
5.0

4.9
3.4
4.8

8.7
6.8
8.4

8.1
6.3
8.2

5.0
3.5
4.9

4.8
3.4
4.7

5.3
3.9
5.8

5.2
3.6
5.5

5.2
3.6
5.4

5.2
3.6
5.1

14.6

15.2

13.8

13.8

21.4

18.6

14.0

13.6

12.3

14.0

13.2

14.2

14.8
10.8
13.4
39.3

13.8

10.1

9.8
7.8
8.5

11.7

10.1

10.1

7.1

7.4

34.1

31.0

13.2
33.4

11.9
31.8

6.8
8.4

30.4

15.0
11.2
13.2
40.7

7.3
9.1

33.8

16.4
13.2
13.6
42.9

12.2

7.3
9.0

9.8
7.6
8.7

10.1

9.8

Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over

....

Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other
Both sexes, 16 years and over

....

Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years




12.7
37.5

32.6

6.1

10.4
27.5

201

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
60 • Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

1976

1979
Percent of unemployed:

Percent of unemployed:

Family relationship
Total

With at least
With at least
one person in
one employed
family emperson in
ployed full
family
time

With no
employed
parson in
family

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at least
one employed
person in
family

With at least
one person in
family employed full
time

TOTAL
Unemployed total
Unemployed in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads . . .
Unemployed not in families 3

.

.

.

6,047

38.2

61.8

55.8

5,963

38.5

61.5

55.4

5,199
1,118
1,203
1,741

28.1
49.9
12.6
9.9

71.9
50.1
87.4
90.1

65.0
39.3
82.2
85.9

5,122
1,123
1,172
1,696

28.4
48.8
13.7
9.7

71.6
51.2
86.3
90.3

64.5
39.6
81.4
85.8

407
730
848

81.1
34.5

18.9
65.5

13.0
54.8

413
718
841

83.1
33.6

16.9
66.4

12.1
55.8

4,620

36.4

63.6

57.9

4,577

36.5

63.5

57.7

3,960
936
1,003
1,383

25.8
50.0
12.0
9.3

74.2
50.0
88.0
90.7

67.5
38.8
83.0
86.9

3,921
931
987
1,373

25.8
49.1
13.1
9.0

74.2
50.9
86.9
91.0

67.3
39.0
82.2
86.8

234
404
660

77.4
31.2

22.6
68.8

16.7
58.9

235
395
656

78.3
30.1

21.7
69.9

15.3
60.3

White
Unemployed total
Unemployed in families 1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families
Black4
Unemployed total
Unemployed in families 1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families 3

.

1,286

44.3

55.7

48.8

1,269

45.7

54.3

47.4

1,126
156
176
315

36.4
49.4
14.2
13.0

63.6
50.6
85.8
87.0

55.8
41.0
79.5
81.6

1,102
167
159
293

37.5
46.7
17.6
12.3

62.5
53.3
82.4
87.7

54.5
43.1
76.1
81.2

168
311
160

86.9
38.9

13.1
61.1

7.7
49.5

170
313
167

89.4
38.0

10.6
62.0

50.2

In primary families only.
2

Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.

202



3

7.6

Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
61. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

1979

1978

Percent of employed:

Percent of employed:
Family relationship
Total

With no other With another
employed per- employed- person in family son in family

With another
person in
family employed full
time

Total

With no other With another
employed per- employed person in family son in family

With another
person in
family employed full
time

TOTAL
Employed total
Employed in families 1
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed not in families

94,373

37.5

62,5

53.7

96,945

37.5

62,5

53.8

81,307
39,344
21,598
12,605

27.5
40.5
8.4
6.2

72.5
59.5
91.6
93.8

62.3
43.8
87.4
90.6

82,987
39,832
22,453
12,671

27.0
39.5
8.5
6.3

73.0
60.5
91.5
93.7

62.8
44.6
87.5
90.3

4,405
3,355
13,066

66.2
27.4

33.8
72.6

23.7
61.7

4,581
3,450
13,958

65.8
26.9

34.2
73.1

24.1
63.2

White
Employed total

..

Employed in families 1
Husbands 2
Wives

.

.

.

.

Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads

.

Employed not in families''

. . .

83,836

37.0

63.0

53.9

86,025

37.0

63.0

54.0

72,510
35,862
19,373
11,434

27.2
41.0
8.1
6.0

72.8
59.0
91.9
94.0

62.4
42.9
87.8
91.0

26.6
39.9
8.1
6.1

63.5
27.0

36.5
73.0

25.4
62.4

63.3
26.6

73.4
60.1
91.9
93.9
36.7
73.4

62.9
43.6
87.9
90.7

3,260
2,581
11,326

73,862
36,272
20,122
11,447
3,374
2,647
12,163

8,925

42.5

57.5

50.3

9,160

42.7

57.3

50.5

7,464
2,898
1,840
923

31.2
S5.7
11.6
8.6

68.8
64.3
88.4
91.4

60.1
53.3
82.9
85.2

7,650
2,932
1,891
962

31.4
35.2
12.9
8.7

68.6
64.8
87.1
91.3

60.5
54.0
82.5
85.4

1,078
725
1,461

73.9
28.6
—

26.1
71.4

18.9
59.0

1,123
742
1,510

73.9
29.0
—

26.1
71.0
—

19.5
59.8

25.5
64.0

Black 4
Employed total
Employed in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed not in families

See footnote 1, table 60.

See footnote 3, table 60.

See footnote 2, table 60.

See footnote 4, table 60.




203

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group

[In thousands]

Change from
Industry

1976

1977

1978

1979P
1977-78

1978-79P

TOTAL

79,382

82,423

86,446

89,497

4,023

3,051

GOODS-PRODUCING

23,352

24,346

25,597

26,579

1,251

982

779

813

851

958

38

107

3,576

3,851

4,271

4,642

420

371

18,997

19,682

20,476

20,979

794

503

11,077
679.6
444.3
644.4
154.9
,510.9
,065.2
,774.3
,798.7
575.3
429. 1

11,597
721.9
464.3
668.7
1, 181.6
1,582.8
2, 174.7
1,878.0
1,871.5
615. 1
438.4

12,246
752.4
491. 1
698.0
1,212.7
1,673.4
2,319.2
1,999.5
1,991.7
653.5
454.0

12,694
758.6
487.4
710.9
1,254.2
1,727.2
2,464. 1
2, 109.6
2,048,7
690.6
452.2

649
30.5
26.8
29.3
31. 1
90.6
144.5
121.5
120.2
38.4
15.6

448
6.2
-3.7
12.9
32.5
53.8
144.9
110. 1
57.0
37. 1
-1.8

7,920
1, 688.9
76.6
918.8
1,318. 1
675.5
1,099.2
1,042.5
198.5
639.5
262.7

8,086
1,711.0
70.7
910.2
1,316.3
691.6
1, 141.4
1,073.7
202.3
713.5

8,230
1,721.2
69.6
900.2
1,332.5
700.9
1, 193. 1
1,096.3
208.7
751.9
255.6

8,285
1,717. 1
66.2
891.7
1,313.2
714. 3
1,243.0
1, 113.4
213.8
768.2
243.8

144
10.2
-1. 1
-10.0
16.2
9.3
51.7
22.6
6.4
38.4
.8

55
-4. 1
-3.4
-8.5
-19.3
13.4
49.9
17. 1
5. 1
16.3
-11.8

60,849

62,91$

2,772

2,069

4,927

5, 154

214

227

19,499

20, 140

983

641

4,957
14,542

5, 173
14, 968

Z49
734

216
4&b

MINING .
CONSTRUCTION

. ..

MANUFACTURING .
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products"

SERVICE-PRODUCING .
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

56,030
4,582
17,755
4,546
13,209

254.8
58,077
4,713
18,516
4,708
13,808

4,271

4,467

4,727

4,964

260

237

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE .

14,551

15,303

16,220

17,047

917

827

SERVICES . .

14,871

15,079

15,476

15,613

397

137

GOVERNMENT..
FEDERAL

2,733
12, 138

2, 727
12,352

2,753
12,723

2,773
12,840

26
371

20
117

STATE AND LOCAL

p=preliminary.

204




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[In thousands]

Change f r o m

Industry

1976

TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING

1977

1978

1979P
1977-78

1978-79 P

52,897

55, 179

58, 109

60,370

2, 930

2,261

592

618

638

718

20

80

3,708

2,814

3,021

367

320

13,638

14, 135

14,714

15,017

579

303

7,914
576.3
3 64.0
513.5
904.4
1, 139.0
1,339.9
~ 1, 159.9
1,235.3
352.7
328.7

8,307
616.3
381.8
532.9
922. 1
1, 198.2
1,422. 0
1,233.2
1,290.4
375.5
334.2

8,786
644. 6
403. 7
554.8
952.5
1,270. 7
1,523.9
1,312. 1
1,376.5
400.6
346.3

9,058
646.6
398. 1
560. 6
979.4
1,305. 9
1,618.2
1,378.9
1,405. 1
421.2
344. 1

479
28.3
21.9
21.9
30.4
72.5
101.9
78.9
86. 1
25. 1
12. 1

272
2.0
-5.6
5.8
26.9
35.2
94.3
66.8
28.6
20. 6
-2.2

5,724
1, 145. 1
63.6
800.4
1, 134.3
508.3
624.7
600. 1
127.8
492.9
227.0

5,828
1, 161.0
57.0
792.3
1, 129.4
518.2
646.5
616.0
131.3
558. 1
218.4

5,928
1, 171.3
55.4
784.0
1, 145.0
526.5
672.3
628.5
136. 1
589.2
219.4

5,959
1, 176. 9
52.5
776.8
1, 122.5
541. 7
702.5
637. 1
139. 6
601.9
207. 6

100
10.3
-1. 6
-8.3
15.6
8.3
25.8
12.5
4.8
31. 1
1.0

31
5.6
-2.9
-7.2
-22.5
15.2
30.2
8.6
3.5
12.7
-11.8

3,918

4, 008

4, 147

4,316

13 9

169

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .

15,649

16,316

17,181

17,702

865

521

WHOLESALE TRADE . .
RETAIL TRADE

3, 746
11,904

3,878
12,438

4,085
13,096

4,250
13,453

207
658

165
357

CONSTRUCTION

...

MANUFACTURING. .
D U R A B L E GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products . . .
Machinery except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

.

. . . .

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES. .

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1 , table B-2 (page 8 8 ) .




3, 388

3,243

3,397

3,596

3,773

199

177

13,043

13,683

14,445

15, 136

762

691

p=preliminary.

205

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
\verage hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

Industry

TOTAL PRIVATE

1976

1977

1978

1979P

1976

1977

1978

1979P

1976

1977

1979P

1978

36.1

36.0

35.8

35.7

$4.86

$5.25

$5.69

$6. 16

MINING

42.4

43.4

43.3

43.0

6.46

6.94

7.67

8.49

273.90

301.20

332.11

365.07

CONSTRUCTION

36. 8

36.5

36.8

36. 9

7.71

8. 10

8.65

9. 25

283.73

295.65

318.32

341.33

MANUFACTURING

40. 1

40.3

40.4

40.2

5.22

5.68

6. 17

6., 69

209.32

228.90

249.27

268.94

3. 1

3.5

3.6

3.3

40.6
3.2
39.9
38.8
41. 1
40.8
40.8
41.2

41.0
3.7
39.8
39.0
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.5

41. 1
3.8
39.8
39.3
41.6
41.8
41.0
42.0

40.8
3.5
39.5
38.6
41.5
41.4
40.7
41.8

5.58

6.06

6.58

7., 12

226.55

248.46

270.44

290.50

4.72
3.99
5.33
6.77
5.49
5.79

5. 10
4.34
5.81
7.40
5.91
6.26

5.60
4.68
6.32
8.20
6.34
6.77

6.. 09
5., 06
6. 84
8., 98
6., 82
7,. 33

188.33
154.81
219.06
276.22
223'. 99
238.55

202.98
169.26
239.95
305.62
242.31
259.79

222.88
183.92
262.91
342.76
259. 94
284.34

240.56
195.32
283.86
371.77
277.57
306.39

40.0
41.7

40.4
42.5

40.3
42.2

40.3
41.2

4.96
6.62

5.39
7.28

5.82
7.91

6., 31
8., 52

198.40
276.05

217.76
309.40

234.55
333.80

254.29
351.02

40.3

40. 6

40.9

40.8

4.93

5.29

5.71

6., 17

198.68

214.77

233.54

251.74

38.8

38. 8

38.8

38.9

4.04

4.36

4.69

5., 04

156.75

169.17

181.97

196.06

39.4
3.0

39.4
3.2

39.4
3.2

39.3
3.1

4.70

5. 11

5.53

6.00

185.18

201.33

217.88

235.80

40.5
37.5
40. 1
35.8
42.5
37.5
41.6
42.1
40.7
37.4

40.0
37.8
40.4
35.6
42.9
37.7
41.7
42.7
41.0
36.9

39.7
38.1
40.4
35.6
42.9
37.6
41.9
43.6
40.9
37. 1

39.8
38.0
40.4
35.2
42.6
37.5
41,9
43.8
40.5
36.5

4.98
4.98
3.69
3.40
5.47
5.71
5.91
7.21
4.66
3.40

5.37
5.54
3.99
3.62
5.96
6. 12
6.43
7.83
5. 17
3.61

5.80
6. 13
4.30
3.94
6.52
6.50
7.01
8.63
5.52
3.89

6.27
6. 69
4.66
4.24
7. 12
6.91
7.59
9.38
5.96
4.23

201.69' 214.80
186.75 209.41
161.20
147.97
121.72 128.87
232.48 ^255.68
214. 13 £30.72
245.86 268. 13
303.54 334.34
189.66 211.97
133.21
127.16

230.26
233.55
173.72
140.26
279.71
244.40
293.72
376.27
225.77
144.32

249.55
254.22
188.26
149.25
303.31
259. 13
318.02
410.84
241.38
154.40

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES . . . .

39.8

39.9

40.0

39.9

6.45

6.99

7.57

8., 17

256. 17

278.90

302.80

325.98

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

33.7

33.3

32.9

32.6

3.97

4.28

4.67

5., 06

133.79

142.52

153.64

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

38.7
32. 1

38.8
31. 6

38.8
31.0

38.8
30.6

5.03
3.57

5.39
3.85

5.88
4.20

6,, 38
4.. 53

194.66
114.60

209. 13
121.66

2Z8. 14
130.20

247.54
138.62

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

36.4

36.4

36.4

36.3

4.27

4.54

4. 90

5,, 28

155.43

165.26

178.36

191.66

SERVICES

33.3

33.0

32.8

32.7

4.31

4.65

4.99

5., 36

143.52

153.45

163.67

175.27

Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries

....

Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical

$175.45 $189.00 $203.70 $219.91

Electric and electronic
equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related
products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill Droducts
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products •
Leather and leather products

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (page 88).

206




(^preliminary unweighted averages.

s

164.96

Explanatory Notes
These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data
(A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings.

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major
sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample
survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is
conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor
force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the
characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a
sample of about 56,000 households, representing 614 areas in
1,113 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the
activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th
of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each month
from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in
cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage
and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly
and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series
are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay
during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one another,
each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are
readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed
industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of
differences in definition and coverage, sources of information,
methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and
trends of the two series are as follows.




Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other
private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid
workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week
in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural
and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey
covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information
on the work status of the population without duplication, since
each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the
labor force. Employed "persons holding more than one job are
counted only once and are classified according to the job at which
they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among
the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during
the survey week—that is, were not working but had jobs from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off
for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports,
persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P.
Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household
and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

Hours of work

The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas
the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the
household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are
excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of
average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation,
paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

207

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all
during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting
to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment
insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by
the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of
Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights,
new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, self-employment,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in
January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the
household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work
and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as
employed rather than unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between
State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green
in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of
this article may be obtained upon request.

Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses
or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the
censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some
noncomparability are different treatment of business units con-

Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of
persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series
and the. treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than
once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and
collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured
in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series.

sidered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative
offices and auxililiary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered,
e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public
utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in
BLS statistics.

County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP),
published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of
central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and
coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.

Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs.
Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the
unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 1972,
coverage was expanded to include employees of small firms and
selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial
schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning
in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.

Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed,
the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data
are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current
Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey
appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This
report is available from BLS upon request.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a
scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian
noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain
information about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also
collected and published for 14 and 15 year olds. The inquiry relates
to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through
Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known
as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the
following week.

208




Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly
enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force
statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed
Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are-obtained from
the Department of Defense.
Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview.
About 2,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not
obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents
a noninterview rate for the. survey of about 4 percent. In
addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units
in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed
each month. The rotation p!an provides for three-fourths of the
sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one-half
to be common with the same month a year earlier.
Beginning in September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000

households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States
and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50
States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in
January 1978.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey
week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business,
profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off,
and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held
more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries,
temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises
of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or
repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and
similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work
during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the
survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work,
and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had
been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary
job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified
as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons
on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full
weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A
period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed
or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of
the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided
into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment
ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and
persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise
terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked
at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor
force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are
persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding
the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed
because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which
they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or
salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to public or private employment
agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other"
method. Examples of the "other" category include being'on a union
or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization, or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria




described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as
a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital
status, race,etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant
rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the
sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total non institutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published
for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the
total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure
can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who
are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in
school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental
illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part
retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily
idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off"
season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing
only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also
classified as not in the labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time
of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on
a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed questions for
persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households
that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the
"outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for. the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed not-in-labor force questions
were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample,
i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are
classified according to their last full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks
or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived
from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 1970
Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and
salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in
kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid
family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a
week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of
the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally
works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day
holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was
paid for the holiday.

209

For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to
the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However,
all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on total employment because the latter include persons
in zero-hour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill,
involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for
voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are
designated as working "full time," persons who worked between
1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their present job
(either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part
time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs
to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of
home, housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules
include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who
worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work
full time.
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of
persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed
persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists
of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons
seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during
the survey week are classified according to whether they usually
work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the
economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available
aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed
persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) that those looking for part-time work lost the average number
of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during
the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic
reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual
number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently
had been identified as "Negro and other races" an"d prior to 1969
as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the
1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in
the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the
mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic
origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately
96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during
the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not.
Statistics on major activity are published every month in table
A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race, and sex, and,
if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces
of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.

210




Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian
noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females
are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical
divisions in which' 20 percent or more of the residents were poor
according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as
poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal
interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds vary by family
size, composition, and residence (farm-nonfarm). While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents,
many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the
areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all
areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of
SMSA's as defined in the 1970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas
refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan
total is disaggregated into farm and nonfarm components.
HISTORIC C O M P A R A B I L I T Y
Raised lower age limit
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear
up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: (1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for
work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity
within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made
for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be
recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not
applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous;
(2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their
jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and
were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had
been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment
in order to increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more
than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, although
the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number
of employed was reduced about 1 million because of the exclusion
of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over, the only
employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours
of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes
and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in
the February 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly
Report on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning 1953,
as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950 census into
the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; (2) beginning
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of
about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor
force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning
1962, the introduction of figures from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by
about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.

In addition, beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was
introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in
the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force
and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000,
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A
subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was
introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and
black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and
other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures
were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced
by 150,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population
was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change
in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact
on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black
and other population—but had little effect on 16 and over totals.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in
"CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method
of Estimation" in the February 1974 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese
refugees into the United States, the total and black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were
adjusted upward by 76,000-30,000 males and 46,000 females. The
addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by
less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were
in the "other" population.
Beginning in 1978, the introduction of an expansion of the sample
and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of
roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and
employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially
unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an
indication, of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation
group households, rather than determined by the interviewer at
before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth
of the sample households has race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households has race
determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers
are 2/8 and 6/8 in November 1978, 3/8 and 5/8 in December 1978,
4/8 and 4/8 from January 1979 through September 1979, 5/8 and
3/8 in October 1979, and so on, until the entire sample has race
determined by the household respondent in January 1980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible
that it will cause a break in the time series given for some
racial statistics.

Beginning in 1979, the first stage ratio estimation method was
changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The new procedure Is
described in the Estimating Methods section. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions
i in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
issue of Employment and Earnings. Differences between the old and
new procedures exist only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
•estimates, not for the total U.S.




Changes in occupational classification system

Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population
Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review
of the classification system to be used for the 1970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 1940 census,
was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about
general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in
March 1970 employment levels tabulated on both the 1960 and
1970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in
operatives to an increase of 570,000 in service workers, much.of
which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other
groups amounted to 220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport
equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 1972. At the same time, several changes in
titles, as well as in order of presentatrbn, were introduced; for
example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group
was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since
only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the
category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 1971, when a
question eliciting information on major activities or duties was
added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine
more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This
change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly
from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made
for 1972 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the
CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact
on unemployment rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively,
of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in sample design

Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS.sample. Most of these changes
were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample
design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is to change
the sample design to make use of the recently collected census
materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of
number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 1953, a
rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and
then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and
Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to
the sample to account for the population in these States. After the
1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from
census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is
still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a non-contiguous cluster
of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing
units. A recent change was introduced in January 1978, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 24 States and the
District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual

211

Households eligible
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956,
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to present . .

Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide
coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.
2 These are households which were visited, but were found to

average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing
design. A coverage improvement sample was included In computing the estimates beginning in October 1978 in order to provide
coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that
previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This
sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represent 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new
construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to
January 1970 and construction was not completed by the time of
the 1970 Census (i.e., April 1970). The extent of other sources of

housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The
inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not
have a significant effect on the estimates.
The following table provides a description of some aspects of
the CPS sample design in use during the referenced data collection
periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and
Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
BLS Report 463.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results
for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on
returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force,
employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program.
The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of
the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. In States supplemented in the 1978 expansion, almost
all sample persons within the same sample area have the same
basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The
basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview,
and the ratio estimation procedure is applied.

212




Number of
sample
areas

68
230
330
333 3
357
449
449
461
614

Interviewed

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500

Not
interviewed

500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500

1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500

Households
visited not
eligible 2

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
9,500

be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview.
3
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska
and Hawaii after statehood.

1. Noninterview adjustments The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied
sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately
by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District
of Columbia, and within these, for six groups—two race categories
(white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For
sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the
urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample
areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and
rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for
the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the
population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and
residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with
labor force participation and other principal measurements made
from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these
population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the 614
sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the sample;
the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The
first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas., Therefore, this procedure is not applied to
sample areas which represent only themselves. The procedure is
performed at two geographic levels: First, by the four census regions (Northeast, North Central, South and West), and secondly,
for each of the 46 States which contains nonsample areas. The
procedure corrects for the differences that existed at the time of
the 1970 census between the distribution by race and residence of
the population in the sample areas and the known race-residence
distribution in the portions of the census region or State represented by these areas. The regional adjustment is performed by

metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence and race,while the State
adjustment is done by urban-rural status and race.

and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however,
are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportion
m the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of
independent .current estimates of the population in the same
categories. The second-stage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In
the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State
and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the
population 16 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40-age-sex-race categories across the whole
Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority
.races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons
and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 age-sex-face groups. The entire second-stage ratio
estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning
at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures
that the sample estimates both of State population and of national
age-sex-race categories, will be virtually equal to the independent
population estimates.
The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation
of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from
the April 1,1970 census through the latest available July 1 estimate,
adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population
of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates
methodology are available on request from the Chief of the
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C, 20233.
Prior to January 1974, the independent national controls used
for the age-sex-race groups in both the second and third steps
of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure were prepared
by carrying forward the most recent census data (1970) after taking
account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and
migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning
in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent
population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the
most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each
subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration,
and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates are
then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual
percent change over time in the population in any age group is
preserved.

3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given
month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts
of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the
current month. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change
are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates

The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals




There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a
sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors
provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error.
They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors
in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic
biases in the data.
Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some
sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The
effect of nonsampling error should be smailon estimates of relative
change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly
levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources,
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample,
definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data,
and failure to represent all sample households and all persons
within sample households (under cove rage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the* interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well
as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random
sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview
at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that
the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic
biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the
other results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reeinterview Program, January 1961 through December 1966,
Technical Paper No. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the
CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used
for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation
group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The
Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys,"
by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and
missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as
compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It
is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race.
Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and
larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation
to independent age-sex-race population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further, the independent
population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage
in the 1970 census, which was estimated at 2.5 percent of the
population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those
observed in the CPS.

213

Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appear
in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical
Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of
Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in the paper 'The Current
Population Survey: An Overview/' by Marvin Thompson and Gary
Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2,
No. 2, April 1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last document includes
a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of various sources of
errors, and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Samp/ing error. The standard error it primarily a measure of
sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance
because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The
sample estimate and its estimated standard error enables one to
construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the
average of all possible samples with a known probability. For
example, if all possible samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using
the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error
were calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from the one
standard error or below the estimate to one standard error
above the estimate would include the average result of all
possible sample.

error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more
closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic^ than to
the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-to-month
change as given in the tables of standard errors, it Is necessary to
obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be
noted that the tables of standard errors for month-to-month change
apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months.
Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to
higher standard errors. Table I contains factors for use with tables
C, E, G and H to compute approximate standard errors, as described
below, for levels, labor force participation rates and percentages as
pertaining to year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly
averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note, that standard errors for changes in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and
years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted
due to the differences in the sample size. For years prior to 1956,
the standard errors should be multiplied by 1.50 and for the
1966-1966 period they should be multiplied by 1.22.

Table A. Standard errors of major employment
status categories
(In thousands)
Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)

2. Approximately 90 percent of the Intervals from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above the
estimate would include the average of all possible samples.
3. Approximately 96 percent of the intervals from 2 standard
errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above the
estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a
large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost,
a number of approximations were required. First, the standard
errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation
procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average
State estimates. Thus, these standard errors mav slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly,
instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate,
generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various
types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of
standard errors provided give an indication of the order of
magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the
precise standard error.
Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major
employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are
applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.

Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated totals,
unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors
for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described
below, for monthly level and month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for Intermediate values not shown in the
tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard

214




Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force ..,
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force,
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black and other, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

223
236
107

171
180
111

124
135

107
118
71

168
167
64

129
131
67

80
84
56

85
94
69

78
85
54

60
65
57

44
49
33

38
43
35

62
62
34

48
49
36

33
30
29

37
35
32

Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide
generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for month-tomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for
the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000. an
increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation
in the second column of table C shows that the standard error on
an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 150,000. The 6 8 percent confidence interval as shown by these data is from 11,850,000 to
12,150,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate
derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed In
this way would be correct for roughly 58 percent of all possible
samples. Recall that the standard error of a month-to-month change
is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus,
using linear interpolation in column one of table D the standard
error on a month-to-month change of 400,000 when the monthly
level is approximately 12,000,000 is about 111,000.

Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an
estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator,
depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total
upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding
estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is
particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a
general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly
base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than
35,000.
Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly
level and month-to-month change for unemployment rates.
Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages
and estimated month-to-month change in percentages can be
obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and
the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table
G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard
error Js then calculated by multiplying the standard error from
table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the
numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different
categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the
percentage.




Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that
3.6 percent of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of
3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table G
(0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 1.26. The
generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is then
approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percent.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages
and changes in yearly averages. The approximate standard errors of
levels, rates and percentage involving year-to-year change of monthly
estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages and changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using
table 1 in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate
than to the size of the specific change. Thus to obtain the standard
error of an estimate of an average level, rate or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate or percentage it is first necessary to
find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average
level, rate or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate or percentage, find the standaru
error of the average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,
after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as
monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this
result by a suitable factor from table I to obtain the approximate
standard error for the average or change.

Illustration. Nor an example, suppose that one is interested in
the year-to-year change of a monthly unemployment rate. Let us
assume that the tables show that for a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.9 percent based on a total of 95,676,000 in
the civilian labor force, and that a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 6.1 percent based on a total of 94,254,000 In
the civilian labor force for the month. First, (the standard error
on the average of the two estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of
94,965,000, is obtained from table E (0.11 percent). The appropriate factor then from table I is 1.40. The approximate standard
error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given by 0.11x1.40*
0.15 percent.

215

Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics
Standard error o f —
Selected categories

Monthly
level

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present . . . .
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and o v e r . . . .

.11
.13
.17
.55
.11
.45
.12
.21
.11
.32
.06

Standard error o f —
Selected categories

Consecutive
month change

.12
.18

.13
.20

.19
.37
.23
.20
.27

.21
.41
.26
.22
.30

Consecutive
month change

OCCUPATION—Continued

.11
.13
.18
.65
.11
.47
.13
.22
.12
.40
.07

Blue collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives . . . .
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

.35
.49
.62
.31
.55

.40
.55
.71
.34
.62

.12
.58
.22
.27
.36
.31
.25
.17
.21
1.09

.13
.66
.24
.30
.40
.35
.28
.19
.23
1.24

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and
salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
'.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers . . .

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers

Monthly
level

Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristics1
Labor force data other than
unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated
monthly
level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000

Agricultural
employment

13
18
41
57
81
113
137

Total
or
white

Black
and
other

10
14
32
45
64
90
109
125
139
166
188
219
249
253
260
260
254
221
143

10
14
32
44
60
79
88
90
87
36

Total
or
white,
16-19 years

10
14
32
44
60
77
84
84
76

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a
group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the
standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the

216




Total or
Black and
white males
other, x
• only, or
16-19 years
females only

10
14
28
33
13

9
13
30
42
59
82
99
113
124
146
161
177
178
164
131
49

Unemployment
Black and
other
males only,
or
females only

9
13
29
40
52
60
53
16

Total
or
white

10
14
31
44
62
87
106
122
135
163
182

Black
and
other

11
15
33
46
63
83
93

standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age
20 to 54 years use the column for total employed.

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Type of characteristic*
Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data
Unemployment

Estimated monthly level

50
100 ...
500 ...
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000
50,000
60,000 .
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
l

Total
or
white

Black
and
other

Total, or
white,
16-19 years

Black and
other,
16-19 years

8
11
24
34
47
66
81
93
103
123
130
163
179
189
194
195
191
179
119

8
11
23
33
45
58
65
68
65
33

12
17
37
52
70
89
96
93
78

12
17
33
37

See footnote 1, table C.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons

Total
or
white

Both sexes
16-19 years,
or part-time
labor force 2

11
16
35
48
68
93
110
123
132
145
146

12
17
39
55
77
107
129
147
162
191
211

Black
and
other

Black
and other,
16-19 years

12
16
36
49
65
80

12
17
34
39

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and
persons by duration of unemployment.

Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate

Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)

50
100
500
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000




2.05
1.45
.65
.46
.32
.23
.19
.15
.11
.06
.04

2.88
2.04
.91
.65
.46
.32
.26
.21
.15
.08
.06

4.49
3.18
1.42
1.01
.71
.50
.41
.32
.23
.12
.10

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

6.18
4.37
1.96
1.38
.98
.69
.57
.44
.31
.17
.13

7.36
5.20
2.33
1.65
1.17
.83
.67
.52
.37
.20
.16

8.25
5.83
2.61
1.84
1.31
.92
.75
.59
.41
.23
.18

8.93
6.32
2.82
2.00
1.42
1.00
.82
.63
.45
.25
.19

9.46
6.69
2.99
2.12
1.50
1.06
.86
.67
.47
.26
.20

9.85
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.21

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.94
.73
.51
.28
.22

217

Table F. Standard errors of month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate

Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)

50
100
500 . . . .
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000

2.32
1.64
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.11
.06
.05

3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.13
.15
.09
.07

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.24
.13
.10

10

15

7.10
5.02
2.25
1.59
1.12

8.52
6.02
2.69

.79
.64

.94
.76
.59
.39

1.90
1.34

.49
.33
.18

.21
.14

.13

20

9.64.
6.81
3.04
2.15
1.51
1.06
.86
.65
.44
.22
.14

25

30

35

50

10.05

11.39
8.05
3.58
2.52
1.76
1.22

11.97
8.39
3.73
2.62
1.83
1.26
1.00

12.55
8.87
3.93
2.74
1.89
1,26

7.11

3.17
2.24
1.57
1.10

.89
.67
.48
.23

.97
.72
.51

Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for
labor force date
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)

50
100
500 . . . .
1,000 ..
2,000 ..
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
160,000

1
or 99

2
or 96

5
or 95

10
or 90

15
or 85

20
or 80

25
or 75

30
or 70

35
or 65

2.03
1.43
.64
.45
.32
.23
.19
.14
.10
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04

2.85
2.02
.90
.64
.45
.32
.26
.20
.14
.10
.08
.07
.06
.05

4.44
3.14
1.41
.99
.70
.50
.41
.31
.22
.16
.13
.11
.10
.03

6.12
4.32
1.93
1.37

7.28
5.15
2.30
1.63
1.15
.81
.66
.51
.36

8.15
5.77
2.58
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41

8.83
6.24
2.79

9.34

9.72
6.88
3.07

.26

.29
.24
.20

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by
the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for

.97
.68
.56
.43
.31
.22
.18
.15
.14
.11

.21
.18
.16
.13

.18
.14

6.61

2.95
2.09
1.48
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23

1.97
1.40

.99
.81
.62
.44
.31
.25
.22
.20
.16

2.17
1.54
1.09

.89
.69
.49
.34
.28
.24
.22

.21
.17

.17

50

10.19
7.21
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14

.93
.73
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.18

a specific type of characteristic.

Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and
month-to-month changes in percentages
Factor
Type of characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force . . .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data:
Total
Males only
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Part-time labor force

218




Monthly level

1.26
1.26

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Factor

Month-to-month
change

1.05
1.50

.74

.84
.75
1.18
1.18

Type of characteristic

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration
of unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment
characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . .

Monthly level

„

Month-to-month
change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Table I. Factors to be used with Tables C, Er G, H to compute the approximate standard errors of level, rates and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly
averages and change in yearly averages
Factors
Type of characteristic

Year-to-year change
of monthly estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in yearly
averages

Agricultural employment:
Total or male
Female or teenagers (16-19
Part time

1.30

.89

.80

.72

.70

1.30
1.40

.83
.74

.80
.80

.58
.46

.70
.70

1.30

.88

.88

.67

.70

1.30
1.40

.82
.74

.88
.88

.57
.46

.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
,69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and
unemployment data:
Total or white
Black and other or teenagers
(16-19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time




219

Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary
employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Federal-State cooperation

Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates.
This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and
together with the use of identical techniques at the national and
State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine
the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The
States use the information to prepare State and area series
and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington
Office) for use in preparing the national series.

Shuttle schedules

Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form
1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency
returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the
next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that
month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability
and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures
that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production
and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL 1219 provides for
the collection of information on the total number of accessions and
separations, by type, during the calendar month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification

Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219
are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity deterrrrined from information on annual sales volume.
This information is collected each year on a supplement to the
monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more
than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the establishment is included under the industry
indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
(SICM), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the
last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted
if they performed any service during the month.

220




The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer
or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government
employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are
excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National
Security Agencies are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave
(when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or
paid vacation, or who-work during a part of the pay period even
though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the
period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the
entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the
period.

Industry hours and earnings

Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings
relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory.

Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer
than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees)
engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving,
storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance,
repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary
production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above
production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in the
construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at
the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of
the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the
working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers,
repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters,
photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial
workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any
part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The
payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax,
bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in
the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded.
"Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance,
contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also
excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which

includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and
vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from
the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related
workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours
were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time
workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the
12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only
if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.

Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes In basic

hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in
output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect
shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid
and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect
changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates
are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The
earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on
the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits,
payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees
not covered under the production worker, construction worker,
or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly
earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly
earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey
period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may
cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries
have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have
affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the
average hours for which pay was received and is different from
standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism,
labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly
hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of
component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee
were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total
compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours
worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month-to-month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the




industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was
worked in both the previous and current months. In addition,
such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may
not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly
data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials,
and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are
obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced
to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earn-

ings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal
social security and income taxes from average weekly earnings.
The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of
dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status,
and level of gross
calculates two sets
sumptions that the
ings and was taxed

income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau
of spendable earnings series based on the asworker earned the gross average weekly earnat the rates applicable to either (1) a worker

with no dependents, or (2) a married worker with three dependents
who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in
the industry division excluding other income and income earned by
other family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers,
with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay

approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and
nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such
workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers
with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, and
since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, the
series understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers.
As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings.
For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of
these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures
of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review
for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed
by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and then multiplying by 100. "Real" earnings for
months prior to January 1978 are deflated by the unrevised
CPI-W, whereas those for January 1978 forward are deflated by the
revised CPI-W. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and
for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus
adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the
base period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing
the total production-worker payroll for the industry group by the
sum of total production-worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the
application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings
(as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540).
Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for

221

at 11/2 times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other
premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work,
and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly

payrolls and hours. The indexes

of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the
current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1967
period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly
hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates
and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation,
hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified
time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing
industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more
detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of
Diffusion Indexes," in the December 1974 issue of Employment
and Earnings.
Labor turnover

Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual
establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month,
is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires)
and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either
employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a
calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The
date relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent
or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried
personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired
employees.

New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in
the establishment (except employees transferring from another
establishment of the same company) or of former employees
not recalled by the employer.
Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically Vecalled to a job in the same
establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting
more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a
separate item, began January 1976.)

the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar
days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last
more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer
without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but are
included in total separations, are terminations of employment
because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement,
transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance
into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than
30 consecutive calendar days.

Relationship of labor turnover to employment series

Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing
industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with
the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for
the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees
on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work
stoppage extends through the report period.

ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the "link
relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic
adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the
use of size and regional stratification.

The "link relative" technique

From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both
the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is
called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees,
including production and nonproduction workers together) for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for
the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small
bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is
determined from past experience. Other features of the general
procedures are described in table J. Summary of methods for
computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings,
and labor turnover.
Size and regional stratification

Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which
are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers
from other establishments of the company and former employees
returning from military leave or other absences without pay who
have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not
published separately but are included in total accessions.
Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar
month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and
other separations are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees,
failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month

222




A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and tha stratified production- or nonsupervisory
worker-data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader

industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an
employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the
summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a
size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within
an industry.
Bench mark adj ust ments

Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which 'provide'"benchmarks"

Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)

Item

Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)

Monthly data
All employees

....

All-employees estimate for previous
Sum of all-employee estimates for commonth multiplied by ratio of all emponent cells.
ployees in current month to all employees in previous month, for
sample establishments which reported for both months.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees
,

Gross average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

All-employee estimate for current
month multiplied by (1) ratio of
production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2)
estimated ratio of women to all employees.

Sum of production- or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of
women employees, for component
cells.

Production- or nonsupervisory-worker
hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.

Average, weighted by production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment,
of the average weekly hours for component cells.

'roduction-worker overtime hours divided by number of production
workers.

Average, weighted by production-worker
employment, of the average weekly
overtime hours for component cells.

Gross average hourly earnings

Total production- or nonsupervisoryworker payroll divided by total
production-or nonsupervisoryworker hours.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of
the average hourly earnings for component cells.

Gross average weekly earnings

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Labor turnover rates

The number of particular actions (e.g.,
quits) in reporting establishments
divided by total employment in
those firms. The result is multiplied
by 1 00.

Average, weighted by employment, of
the rates for component cells.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and production or
nonsupervisory workers
,
Gross average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

....

Sum of monthly estimates divided by
12.
Annual total of aggregate hours
(production- or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate overtime
hours (production-worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours
for production workers divided by
annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers
divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

See footnotes at end of table.




223

Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and
• labor turnover—Continued
Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
Biasic<estypr»afjng cell^ndjYStijy, region, J >c «rot/pV^hd t /'wVef»str«Jfied 9l' 3~
/
size, or region/size ceil)
individual cells)

•Item

Annual average data—Continued
Gross average hourly earnings

Gross average weekly earnings

,. . * . . , .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls
(product of production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment by weekly hours and hourly
,fiarr\lngi) divided by1 annual aggregate,hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours.

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average toourly Earnings.

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Annual average aggregate (of each
labor turnover action) divided by
annual average employment.

•, Annual average aggregate (of each labor
turnover action) divided by annual
average employment.

The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by
business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under
representation of newly formed enterprise* in the sample.
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio,
average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly
earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to'com-

pensate f6r changes In the sample arising mainly from the voluntary
character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of
the latest sample average.

for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1978 levels. Normally, benchmark
adjustments are made annually.

Table K. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1978

The primary* squrces of (berichmarK information are employment
data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports
of establishments oca/ered under State unemployment insurance laws.
These tabulations covet nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultu-ral
employment in the United 6tates. Benchmark data for the residual
are obtained frbm the records of the Social Security Administration,
the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number* J of HDther
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates, fo{ the f benchnwk month are compared wi^h new
benchmark-levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary,
the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one,
and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward
progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the
level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-tomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts
of revisions made at the time of the March 1978 benchmark adjustment is shown in table K.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of
establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among
strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size
of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments
fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the
various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in

224




Industry division

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government

Benchmark
March

EstiPercent
mate
March difference

1978

1978

84,455

83,897

0.7

699
3,733
20,122

686
3,675
19,995

1.9
1.6
.6

4f804
18,878

4,759
18,801

.9
.4

4,623
15,870
15,726

4,577
15,678
15,726

1.0
1.2
0

which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample
design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a
substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary
to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of
universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments^ these nonmanufacturing

divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or
seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data
at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide
coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and
regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most
industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary
estimates each month for many industries and for-many geographic
levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents,
and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater
industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table L shows the approximate proportion
of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table M shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.
Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived
from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section,
a 'Mink relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This
requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base
in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling
and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually
to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for
changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments
(resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in
the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly
within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause
of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from
improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table N presents the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment for rnajor industry
divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions
are available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be
affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours
and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors
which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A
relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of
the estimate.) Relative errors for major industries are presented
in table N and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table O. The chances are about 2 out of
3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample would
differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error from
the averages that would have been obtained from a complete
census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates




V (Standard Deviation) 2 + (Bias) 2
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate
from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than
the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20
that^the difference would be less than twice the root-mean-square
error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the
most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between final
lestimates and benchmarks are presented in table O.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been re-

Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS
employment and payrolls sample, March 1978 l

Industry division

Number of
establishments in
sample

Total

161,800

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation
and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail
trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government:
Federal (Civil Service
Commission)
State and local

Employees
Number
reported

Percent
of total

33,453,000

40

2,100
15,800
45,800

268,000
636,000
11,268,000

38
17
56

39

471,000

91

7,200

2,093,000

49

39,500

3,232,000

17

10,600
23,900

1,701,000
3,104,000

37
20

4,600
12,300

2,725,000
7,955,000

100
61

1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a
slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. State and area
estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering about
55 percent of employment in Federal establishment.

Table M. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1978
Employees
Industry
Number reported Percent of total

Total
Manufacturing
Mining
Telephone communication. .

10,222,680
9,345,940
186,560
698,980

47
46
21
72

June 1978 data used due to strike in March.

225

ceived. Table P presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts
of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and
final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month
changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are
normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent
for hourly earnings.

Table P. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root- mean- square
error o f —
Category

Table N. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change

INDUSTRY DIVISION

[In percent]
Average

Industry division

Relative errors

bench(in percent)
mark revision in Average Average
estimates
hourly
weekly
of
earnings
hours
employment1

Total nonagricultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Durable
Nondurable goods . . .
Transportation and public
utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government3

0.2
.3
1.3
1.3
.3
.3
.5

.1
.1
.1

0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1

.4
.2
.9
.2

.7
.1
.2

.4
.2
.3

.2

.2

.5
.7

.2

.4
.8
-

0.1
.5

.2

.4
-

.1

The average percent revision in employment for the 1969-71,
1974 and 1978 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for
Federal Government and samples for State and local government
benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted
by the Bureau of the Census.
Table O. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings

Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates
2f100
4,400
7,100
15,200
17,100
28,500

Relative errors 2
On percent)
Average
Average
hourly
weekly
earnings
hours
0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3

1.5
1.1
.9
.8
.5
.5

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.

226




Total nonagricultural
employment
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Durable two-digit industries
Nondurable two-digit industries . .
Transportation and public utilities . . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate . . .
Services
Government

83,000

75,000

8,000
32,000
32,000
3,700
2,500
20,000
29,000
8,000
35,000
43,000

5,000
30,000
36,000
3,500
2,500
15,000
27,000
8,000
35,000
37,000

300

400
700

DETAILED INDUSTRIES: SIZE OF
EMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

700
1,100
3,900
3,800
6,000

1,100
4,100
3,900
6,100

NOTE: Division level data are based on differences from
January 1972 through June 1979. Detailed industry data are
based on differences from August 1978 through June 1979.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages
(usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they
occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These
statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS
for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum ot the
State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S.
totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing
industrial and geographic stratification.

For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of
this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry
statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are
presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a
summary volume published annually by the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
Definition
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of
labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume
of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees
plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private bene-

fit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and
supplementary payment for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted
to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index
for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required
to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments
include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit
of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing
by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit
profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported.
Notes on the data

For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households
and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy.
For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross
Domestic Product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the
Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data
are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department
of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures
have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual
estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau
of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

State and area unemployment data
(E table)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance
programs are developed by State employment security agencies
under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures
developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an
area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Labor force and unemployment in 10 large States: New York,
California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan,
Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently




reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of
the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above.
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 205 labor market areas are prepared in
several stages.
1. Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments
which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This place-ofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as
used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial
Census. These factors are- applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment
estimates.

227

2. Preliminary estimate-Unemployment: In the current month, the
estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each
of. three building block categories: (1) Persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and
(3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time
or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below,
as the Ul-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance
claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been
exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for
nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for
cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons
who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate
for each non-covered industry or class of worker subgroup in the
State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment,
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that
relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced
unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the
estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed;
(c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of
the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U=total entrant unemployment
E=total employment
X=total experienced unemployment
A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and
an assumed relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the historical
relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed
(B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then
applied at the State level to the Ul-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based
estimates for the six month period ending in the current month
(e.g. a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of
employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 10 large States or by the
Ul-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas
(LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the
LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure
that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add
to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which
also have substate areas taken directly from" the CPS, the additivity
adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total
minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using
Ul-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked,
by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States
for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences
in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First,
the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the
CPS to the Ul-based annual averages. Second, the difference
between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is
wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates
are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 10.
States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates
will equal the CPS annual averages.

Seasonal adjustment

Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal
movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience.
By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to
usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating
deviations from the seasonal pattern—that is, changes in a seasonally
adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment
is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally
adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the
original data on which they are based, since they are subject not
only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by
the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment
data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.

The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an
adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method. They
provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of
changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods
is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method
(1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal
Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the
Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing
the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are
revised to take into account data from the previous year. In
January 1976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the
Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally

228




«U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1980 311-405/4 1-3

adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers
are the exclusive or major part. In January 1978, modifications were
introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage
nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural e m p l o y m e n t , nonagricultural e m p l o y m e n t and
unemployment-data for four sex-age groups (males and females
under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal
variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total
figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment
and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are
aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is
derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the
sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age components) by the civilian
labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the
labor force based on data through December 1978, new seasonal
factors for the 12 major components of the civilian labor force,
and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are
published in the February 1979 Employment and Earnings. Many
additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the
series presented, are available from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component
levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted
djata for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly




earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers (revised CPI-W), and multiplying by 100.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and
nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary
help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal
change in Federal Government employment during the winter
months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change
substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions
by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude
this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is
based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied
directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to
obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These
factors are derived by the Census X-11 Method using the trading day
option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times
each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the
month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data
reflect experience through June 1979. Seasonal factors to be used
for current adjustment appear in the October 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.

229

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg.
Government Center - Room 1603 A
Boston, Mass. 02203
REGION V - CHICAGO
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
1515 Broadway-Suite 3400
New York, N.Y. 10036

REGION VI - DALLAS
555 Griffin Sq., 2nd Fl.
Dallas, Tex. 75202

REGION III -PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)
Philadelphia, Pa.

REGIONS VII & VIM - KANSAS CITY
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309

REGIONS IX & X -SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LAUS), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and
Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIM
I
III
Ilk
l v

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I

FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS

V
V
IV
VII

MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

VIM MONTANA
VII NEBRASKA
IX NEVADA
I NEW HAMPSHIRE
II NEWJERSEY
VI NEW MEXICO
II NEWYORK
IV NORTH CAROLINA
VIII NORTH DAKOTA
V OHIO
VI OKLAHOMA
X OREGON
III
I
IV
VIM
IV
VI
VIM
I
III

PENNSYLVANIA

-Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3-7000. Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 6123. Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (LAUS and CES).
- Management Services, Department of Labor and Employment, 1210 Sherman Street,
Denver 80203
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D, Chapman Rd., Route 273, Newark 19713
-Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Department of Manpower, Suite 1000,
605 G Street, N. W., Washington 20001
-Department of Labor and Employment Security, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304
- Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 9681 1
-Department of Employment, P.O, Box 35, Boise 83707
-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Street, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
Department of Job Services, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
- Division of Employment, Department of Human Resources. 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department of Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street. 2nd Floor West, Frankfort 40601
-Department of Labor,P.O. Box 44094-Capitol Station. Baton Rouge 70804
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center,
Boston 02114
-Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Economic Security, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson
City 65101
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1 728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Department of Labor and I ndustry, John Fitch Plaza, Room 202, Trenton 08625
Employment Service Division, Department of Human Services, P. O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, N.Y. State Department of Labor. State Campus-Building 12, Albany 12201
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505
-Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145 S. Front St., Columbus 43216
-Employment Security Commission, 301 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street, N.E.,
Salem 97311
-Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets,
Harrisburg 17121

RHODE ISLAND

-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903

SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA

-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 12064. Richmond
23241 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (LAUS and LTS)
Employment Security Department, 1007 South Washington Street, Olympia 98501
-Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 1 12 California Avenue, Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601

X WASHINGTON
III WEST VIRGINIA
V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING