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Employment and Earnings January 1979 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Vol. 26 No. 1 In this issue: 1978 annual averages U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Ray Marshall, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Janet L. Norwood, Acting Commissioner Employment and Earnings is prepared by the Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce), State Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover. Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Subscription price per year $18 domestic, and $22.50 foreign. Single copy $1.50 domestic, and $1.90 foreign. Prices are subject to change by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of Documents. Communications on editorial matters should be addressed to: Chester L. Green, Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington D.C. 20212. Inquiries regarding the text and Household Data should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Green, or phone: (202) 523-1944. Inquiries relating to Establishment Data and all other tables should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Goings, lor phone: (202) 523-1364. The Secretary of Labor has determined that the publication of this fperiodical is necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law of this Department. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through February 28, 1981. Controlled circulation postage paid at Washington, D.C, and Baltimore, Md. Unless identified as copyrighted, articles and tabulations in this publication are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission of the Federal Government. Please credit Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379 Employment and Earnings (Dept. of Labor Pub) (USPS 081-990) CALENDAR OF SPECIAL FEATURES Features Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. { May Jul. Oct. Dec. Household data Annual averages X Revised seasonally adjusted series Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data Persons not in labor force Persons of Hispanic origin Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans Poverty-nonpoverty area data Family relationship data X X X X X Establishment data National annual averages: Industry divisions (preliminary) Industry detail (final) X X National data adjusted to new benchmarks (1) Revised seasonally adjusted series (2) State and area annual averages X Area definitions X The issue that introduces new benchmarks varies. The October 1978 issue marks the introduction of March 1977 benchmarks and conversion to the 1972 SIC. Revised data introduced October 1978. Employment and Earnings Vol. 26 No. 1 January 1979 Editors: Chester L. Green, Gloria P. Green, Marc Weinstein Editor's Note It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey) to incorporate the experience of the previous year. These revisions are usually published in conjunction with January data in the February issue of this publication. However, due to a speed-up in computer processing, it was possible to recalculate the seasonal adjustment in time for publication of revised data in this issue. Thus, Tables 1, 2,33-53, and 67 reflect revised seasonally adjusted data. Revised data for the entire 1974-78 revision period for a broad range of labor force series, a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedures, and seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the overall unemployment rate during 1979 will appear in the February 1979 issue. CONTENTS Page List of statistical tables 2 Employment and unemployment developments, December 1978 7 Charts 9 Statistical tables: Not seasonally adjusted— Household data Quarterly averages Establishment data: Employment Hours and earnings Labor turnover State and area unemployment data 21 60 75 109 140 149 Seasonally adjusted series— Household data Quarterly averages Establishment data: Employment Hours and earnings Productivity Labor turnover 93 130 132 145 Annual averages 154 Explanatory notes 45 52 203 MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 16 years and over, 1947 to date A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and race A- 5: Employment status of black workers by sex and age A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age A- 7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex A- 8: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race A- 9: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 30 31 Characteristics of the Unemployed A-10: A-11: A-12: A-13: A-14: A-15: A-16: Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment A-17: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status A-19: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 Characteristics of the Employed A-20: A-21: A-22: A-23: A-24: A-25: A-26: A-27: A-28: A-29: Employed persons by sex and age Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex Employed persons by industry and occupation Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours Nonagricultural workers-by industry and full- or part-time status Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status A-30: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex 36 37 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 43 Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds A-31: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race A-32: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation 44 -» 44 A-33: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-34: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted A-35: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted A-36: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted A-37: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted A-38: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-39: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted A-40: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-41: Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-42: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A-43: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 39 years of age 51 QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A-44: Employment status of the noninstitutionai population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted A-45: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-46: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted A-47: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted A-48: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted A-49: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-50: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted A-51: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted A-52: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 57 58 Persons Not in Labor Force A-53: Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted A-54: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex A-55: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex A-56: Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason A-57: Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex A-58: Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex 5g 60 51 61 62 62 Persons of Hispanic Origin A-59: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin A-60: Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age A-61: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin A-62: Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories A-63: Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin A-64: Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin A-65: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin A-66: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin 63 64 65 66 67 67 68 68 Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data A-67: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age A-68: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age, race, and Hispanic origin 69 70 Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data A-69: Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race A-70: Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race A-71: Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race 71 72 72 Family Relationship Data A-72: Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members A-73: Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members 73 74 MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA Employment—National 8BBBBB- 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 75 76 85 93 94 95 B- 7: Indexes of diffusion: Percentlif industries in which employment increased 96 Employment-State and Area B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division . . . 98 Hours and Earnings—National C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 1957 to date C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted C- 8: • Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted C- 9: Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted C-10: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division C-11: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted C-12: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally acQusted, at annual rate 109 110 126 126 t 127 128 130 131 132 132 133 134 Hours and Earnings—State and Area C-13: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas 135 Labor Turnover—National D- 1 : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry 140 141 D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted 145 Labor Turnover—State and Area D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas 146 MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E- 1: Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas 149 ANNUAL AVERAGES-HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18: 19: 20: 21: 22: 23: 24: 25: 26: 27: 28: 29: 30: 31: 32: 33: 34: 35: 36: 37: 38: 39: 40: 41: 42: 43: 44: 45: 46: 47: 48: 49: 50: 51: 52: 53: 54: 55: 56: 57: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race Labor force by sex, age, and race Employment status of black workers by sex and age Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex Full-and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job Employed persons by sex and age Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex Employed persons by industry and occupation Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age by race, and Hispanic origin Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members Employed person by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members 154 155 156 158 160 161 162 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 171 1 72174 174 175 176 177 178 -179 181 181 182 182 183 184 185 185 186 187 187 188 188 189 190 191 192 193 193 194 194 195 196 197 197 198 199 ANNUAL AVERAGES-ESTABLISHMENT DATA Employment, Hours, and Earnings by Industry 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry and major manufacturing group 2: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group 3: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group 6 200 201 202 Employment and Unemployment Developments, December 1978 Total employment and unemployment in December remained close to their November levels. The overall unemployment rate was 5.9 percent, not much different from November, but lower than the rates prevailing in early 1978. Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was 95.9 million in December. Over the past year, total employment has risen by 3.0 million. In contrast, nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—continued to expand in December, rising by 250,000 to 87.3 million. Over the year, nonfarm payroll jobs have increased by 3.6 million. Unemployment Both the total number of persons unemployed in December—6.0 million—and the overall unemployment rate—5.9 percent—were little changed from a month earlier. Among the major demographic groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent), adult women (5.8 percent), and teenagers (16.5 percent) were little changed from November. Likewise, joblessness among whites and blacks and in most other worker categories showed little or no change. However, virtually all worker groups have shown some improvement since December 1977, with a few notable exceptions, including teenagers and women who head families. (See table A-36.) The median duration of unemployment in December was 5.6 weeks, not much different from the November level. Median duration was more than a week shorter than a year earlier, a reflection of reductions in long-term unemployment as well as an increase in short duration joblessness of less than 5 weeks. (See table A-37.) Total employment and the labor force Total employment was little changed in December at 95.9 million, following a gain of half a million in the prior month. Over the past year, employment has risen by 3.0 million. Reflecting this expansion, the employmentpopulation ratio—the proportion of the total noninstitution population that is employed—has increased substantially to a record 59.1 percent. The civilian labor force edged up slightly over the month to 101.9 million in December, but also has expanded substantially over the year. (See table A-33.) Over-the-year developments The highlight of the Nation's job situation in 1978 was the strong increase in employment. Gains were pervasive throughout the economy, occurring in every major nonfarm industry and among all major worker groups. This marked the third consecutive year of sharp expansion in employment. Most of the over-the-year increase resulted from an expansion of full-time jobs. The jobless rate declined in 1978, though more gradually than during the prior 2% years. From 6.6 percent in late 1977, the rate moved to 6.2 percent in the first quarter, was 6.0 percent during the middle two quarters, and then edged down to 5.8 percent in the final quarter. Declines were registered among both black and white workers and for adult men and women, while the rate for teenagers was about unchanged. Teenagers continued to comprise a growing proportion of the unemployed, as more than 1 of every 4 unemployed persons was under 20 years of age. The 2.8-million expansion in the labor force over the course of 1978 was only slightly less than the growth in the prior year. Adult women increased their numbers in the labor force by nearly 1.7 million from the fourth quarter of 1977, adult men by almost a million, and teenagers by 200,000 (despite a slightly declining population). The overall labor force participation rate rose substantially over the year to a new high of 63.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 1978. An unprecedented 50 percent of adult women and nearly 60 percent of teenagers were in the labor force; the rate for adult men was about unchanged at close to 80 percent. Discouraged workers Discouraged workers are persons who report that they want work but are not looking for jobs because they believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor market test—that is, they are not engaged in active job search—they are classified as not in the labor force rather than unemployed. These data are published on a quarterly basis. Following a quarter of no change, the number of discouraged workers resumed the downward trend that began in late 1977, falling almost 100,000 to 760,000 during the fourth quarter. As usual, about two-thirds of this total indicated job-market factors as the reasons for not seeking work. (See table A-53.) Industry payroll employment Nonagricultural payroll employment increased by 250,000 in December to 87.3 million, as employment advanced in 76 percent of the 172 industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index of private nonagricultural payroll employment. Nonfarm jobs have risen by 3.6 million over the past year. (See tables B-4 and B-7.) Over-the-month employment gains were posted in most of the major industry groups. The largest increase, for the third consecutive month, was in manufacturing (125,000). About two-thirds of the gain in factory employment occurred in the durable goods industries. Within the durable goods, most of the strength was, once again, in the major metals and metal-using industries, led by machinery, transportation equipment, and fabricated metals. Employment increases in nondurables occurred primarily in food processing and printing and publishing. Elsewhere in the goods sector, sizeable growth was registered in construction jobs (45f000), while mining employment was unchanged. In the service-producing sector, the largest increases occurred in services (35,000), State and local government (25,000), wholesale trade (20,000), and transportation and public utilities (20,000). There was also growth in finance, insurance, and real estate. The only industry in the service-producing sector where employment declined was retail trade, as retailers apparently added fewer than usual extra workers for the Christmas season. Employment growth in retail trade has been generally strong throughout the year. Hours The average workweek for production or nonsuper- 8 visory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was 35.8 hours in December, unchanged from November and about in line with levels prevailing over the past year. The manufacturing workweek inched down 0.1 hour to 40.6 hours in December, but factory overtime, at 3.8 hours, increased by 0.2 hour. (See table C-7.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was 122.5 (1967=100) in December, 0.2 point above the November index. The overall index has increased by 4.3 percent from a year ago. (See table C-8.) Hourly and weekly earnings Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased 0.7 percent in December and 9.1 percent from a year ago (seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earnings were also up 0.7 percent over the month; weekly earnings have risen by 8.8 percent since December 1977. Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 3 cents to $5.90, 50 cents above last December; average weekly earnings were $212.40, $2.25 above November and $16.92 higher than a year earlier. (See tables C-1 and C-9.) CHARTS Page 1. Labor force and employment, 1959-78 9 2. Major unemployment indicators, 1959-78 10 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1959-78 10 4. Total employment by sex and age. 1959-78 11 5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1959-78 12 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1959-78 12 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1959-78 13 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78 .... 14 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1959-78 15 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1959-78 16 11. Unemployment rates by race, 1959-78 16 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1959-78 17 13. Duration of unemployment, 1959-78 18 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78 19 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78 19 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1959-78 20 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959-78 20 Chart 1. Labor force and employment (Seasonally adjusted) THOUSANDS 1n^nnn THOUSANDS 105000 100000 100000 A 95000 90000 y T( >tal la Dor fo y 85000 / / 80000 y y 75000 65000 • y -— 90000 A 85000 Y 80000 Nc nagric ultura emp oyme nt 75000 / • • • ' y < 70000 f y / 95000 -/—Civilian labor force r ^Tota emp i oyme it s f y 70000 y 65000 ^ 60000 60000 i i i 55000 i i i 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A 33. i ccnnn Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 10.0 PERCENT 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 y 5.0 4.0 3.0 Unemployment rate, both sexes, | 25 years and over 2.0 2.0 Unemployment job losers 1.0 n n f ' i i i i i t i i i t i i 1 i i i 1 i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i 1 i i i I i i i i t i i I i i i 1 i i » 1 i i i I i i i 1 i i i t i t i I i i i 1 i i i ii 1.0 « « 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Tables A-36, A 38, and A-39. Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age PERCENT 90.0 (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 90.0 .Males, 20 years and over 80.0 80.0 70.0 Total all workers. 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: TabteA-33. 10 Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) ANDS THOUSANDS trqr>r n . 52500 52500 cnnnn cnnpn 47500 47500 M les, 2 ) years and over /•—'""•' 45000 H 45000 «s 43^nn Aocnn 4nnnn Annnn 37500 35000 35000 / •7ocnn 30000 30000 Ferr ales, :20 years anc over 07cnn 27500 25000 25000 * . / oocnn 22500 /*•** 20000 20000 7 17500 17500 12500 12500 10000 10000 7500 Bo th sex es 16 -19 ye 7500 cnnn cnnn 2500 2500 0 0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A-33. 11 Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age PERCENT i&easonmmy 80.0 aq/usma/ PERCENT 80.0 Male s, 20 y ears £ nd ov er —**^—. •Vw— b—^^, •-""^ V 70 0 7n n ec n ec n 60 0 Tots 1, all \ rorke •s ,*—«^- „-•-. re n » re n * en n 50 0 if 45.0 45.0 N~ 40.0 35.0 Bo n sex9S, 16 19 ye ars ,4 i^ ,/ v^ i-6 V emaU s, 20 rears 40.0 T ind o /er 35.0 m ... 30.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1 9 6 6 ... ,.. 30.0 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A 33. ; Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 100000 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 90000 90000 80000 80000 " Total nona jricult iral p lyroll emplo ymen 70000 70000 ^ ^ 60000 60000 - ^ — ^ — 50000 50000 S< rvice- srodu cing iridustr es X - ' 40000 40000 — 30000 30000 <aOOdS-prodt cing i ndust ries 1 20000 ^ \ f—' '^—• 20000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. 12 SOURCE: Table B-4. Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 25000 13000 9000 9000 ^State and local government 5000 5000 1959 1960 19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 5200 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 5200 4800 3200 3200 \ Finance, insurance, and real estate ZTTT 2800 2400 2800 Federal government - 2400 2000 2000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 19G5 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 1/ V Minin 9 -/—600 // \ T n i / 1 700 600 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969» 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 NOTE: Data for two most rant months am preliminary. SOURCE: Table 6V4. 13 Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries (Seasonally adjusted) THOUSANDS Full-time schedules 70000 j /f THOUSANDS 75c^nn 70000 67500 67500 f 65000 r 62500 65000 nf 62500 t / 60000 60000 57500 57500 J 55000 52500 / 1 55000 52500 ^ 50000 50000 A 47500 47500 45000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 THOUSANDS 15000 Part-time schedules THOUSANDS 1 ^nnn 45000 12500 12500 Wo rkers on vo untaryf part-time s chedijles 10000 / /£ 1 10000 V f 7500 / > r 7500 J nT m 5000 5000 • ' \ , 2500 2500 ttime for e<:onorrtic reasons Wo kers i >n par 0 •i i i i i 1 1 1 • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • ... ,,, 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A-42. 14 0 Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 18000 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 18000 White-collar workers 15000 12000 9000 9000 Managers and administrators, except farm 6000 6000 Sales workers 3000 Ll 3000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 13000 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 13000 Blue-collar workers 10500 10500 Craft and kindred workers Op ratives, exc ept transport 8000 8000 5500 5500 Nonfarm laborerss V Transport equipment operatives i I i i i I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i 3000 3000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 14000 RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 14000 Service workers 13000 12000 V r 11000 12000 11000 10000 13000 10000 9000 9000 J 8000 8000 A//1 7000 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966, 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 NOTE: Two brmtu in mm occurred in 1971 stemming from the rtdassification of occupations intraductd m January andfroma quastionnaira changa concerning "major activity" introduced in Oacambar. Saa "Changes in occupational classification systam" in the Explanatory Note*. 7000 SOURCE: TaWeA-42. 15 Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 22.5 I T 20.0 20.0 17.5 17.5 15.0 15.0 12.5 12.5 10.0 10.0 7.5 7.5 Females, 20 years and over N 5.0 J 2.5 Males. 20 years and over 0.0 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A-36. Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 20.0 PERCENT 20.0 15.0 15.0 / 10.0 V Black and )ther- 5.0 ^ White 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 RATIO 3.00 Ratio of black to white unemployment rate RATIO 3.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 2.00 1.50 LLLL 1.50 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A 35. 16 Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 10.0 PERCENT 10.0 W ite-i 7ollar we A rs 1 7.5 -Sale s wor <ers A rv 2.5 A/f MA/ ih/ V Vi A i • * k h Cl ;rical iA/orke i^-— 5.0 75 . \ ' t t s. A 4 Ay* / 5.0 2.5 «K Managers ar d adnlinistr ators,j except farmi 0.0 Prof< »ssional anc techr ical worker s 1 1 1 | 1 1 ii i i I i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I i 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 I PERCENT 20.0 0.0 PERCENT 20.0 I II II Blue-collar workers 17.5 17.5 15.0 15.0 12.5 12.5 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 PERCENT 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 PERCENT 10.0 ^ ^ J •-A. dfai Serv/ci ? an rm s«rvice \ A V ft, V vvork ers r s — y/A/ , ^ y A-, 7.5 f Aj •14 5.0 2.5 w * * rm workers 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table A 36. 17 Chart 13. Duration of unemployment (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS 10200 Number of workers unemployed 10200 2700 2700 200 II H 1 I I I 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Percent of civilian labor force PERCENT 10.0 PERCENT 10.0 75 . 5.0 200 7.5 MU 'N U^AVv 5.0 2.5 2.5 15 weeks and ov 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Average duration of unemployment WEEKS 20.0 WEEKS 20.0 17.5 15.0 12.5 10.0 V \ i i 17.5 t / 15.0 / V \S\ J / \ A 12.5 V 10.0 7.5 7.5 5.0 JLLJm 5.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SOURCE: Table A-37. 18 Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries {Seasonally adjusted) HOURS 42.5 HOURS 42.5 Vlanui acturi n g 40.0 — % — r 1 k 1 tal pr vate establishments 37.5 "x V — , v 37.5 35.0 35.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Overtime hours in manufacturing HOURS 5.0 HOURS 5.0 An/ r \ 2.5 2.5 o.o 11111 ii 11 i n 11111111111 i-Jl 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 Annual averages prior to 1964. NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary . SOURCE: Table C-7. Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries (Seasonally adjusted) DOLLARS 275 00 DOLLARS 07c r\e\ 250.00 / 225.00 200.00 y 175.00 / / f ( 225.00 / 200.00 / 4 y 150.00 250.00 , - ' • 175.00 150.00 M anufa :turini y 125.00 125.00 < 100.00 ota I p ivate establ shmt nts 1 100.00 •*— , — 75.00 75.00 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 Annual averages prior to 1964. NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-%. 19 Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings (Seasonallyadjusted) DOLLARS 225.00 DOLLARS 225.00 200.00 200.00 175.00 175.00 Gro s earnings n cur ent dollai 150.00 125.00 125.00 Gross earnings 100.00 75.00 75.00 Spendable earnings in current dollars 50.00 50.00 1959 1 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Married worker with three dependents. NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Table C-9. Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing Seasonally adjusted i PER 100 EMPLOYEES 7 'i PER 100 EMPLOYEES 7 ^ Acces sions A, 5.0 A J I H 1 y LK 5.0 -y / 2 5 y Ne\ \i hire s / 0.0 0.0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19691970 1971 1972 1973 1974 19751976 1977 1978 • PER 100 EMPLOYEES 4 fi 3.0 o n PER 100 EMPLOYEES 4 n 1 3.0 h / h Quits J 'V V - ^ S* • .ayoff s \ < n 3 1 1 / 1.0 **/ 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 rSIOTE: Data for current month are preliminary- 20 1.0 w 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 19751976 1977 1978 SOURCE: Table D-3. 0.0 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date [Numbart in thousand*] Civilian labor foroa Total labor force Total nooJntti- Employed Y M T and month of population Agricultura Nonagricultural of labor forca Not in labor foroa Annual averages TOTAL 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 103,418 104,527 105,611 106,645 107,721 60,941 62,080 62,903 63,858 65,117 58.9 59.4 59.6 59.9 60.4 59,350 60,621 61,286 62,208 62,017 57,038 58,343 57,651 58,918 59,961 7,890 7,629 7,658 7,160 6,726 49,148 50,714 49,993 51,758 53,235 2,311 2,276 3.637 3,288 2,055 3.9 3.8 5.9 5.3 3.3 42,477 42,447 42,708 42,787 42,604 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 108,823 110,601 111,671 112,732 113,811 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,072 69,409 60.4 60.2 60.0 60.4 61.0 62,138 63,015 63,643 65,023 66,552 60,250 61,179 60,109 62,170 63,799 6,500 6,260 6,205 6,450 6,283 53,749 54,919 53,904 55,722 57,514 1,883 1,834 3,532 2,852 2,750 3.0 2.9 4.4 4.1 43,093 44.041 44.678 44,660 44,402 1957 1958 1959 1960 1 1961 115,065 116,363 117,881 119,759 121,343 69,729 70,275 70,921 72,142 73,031 60.6 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.2 66,929 67,639 68,369 69,628 70,459 64,071 63,036 64,630 65,778 65,746 5,947 5,586 5,565 5,458 5,200 58,123 57,450 59.065 60,318 60,546 2,859 4,602 3,740 3,852 4,714 4.3 6.8 5.5 5.5 6.7 4 5,33# 46,088 46,960 47,617 48,312 1962 ' 1963 1964 1965 1966 122,981 125,154 127,224 129,236 131,180 73,442 74,571 75,830 77,178 78,893 59.7 59.6 59.6 59.7 60.1 70,614 71,833 73,091 74,455 75,770 66,702 67,762 69,305 71,088 72,895 4,944 4,687 4,523 4,361 3,979 61,759 63,076 64,782 66,726 68,915 3,911 4,070 3,786 3,366 2.875 5.5 5.7 5.2 4.5 3.8 49,539 50,583 51,394 52,058 52,288 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 133,319 135,562 137,841 140,182 142,596 80,793 82,272 84#240 85,903 86,929 60.6 60.7 61.1 61.3 61.0 77,347 78,737 80,734 82,715 84,113 74,372 75,920 77,902 78,627 79,120 3,844 3,817 3,606 3,462 3,387 70,527 72,103 74,296 75,165 75,732 2,975 2,817 2,832 4,088 4,993 3.8 3.6 3.5 4.9 5.9 52,527 53.291 53,602 54,280 55,666 1972 * 1973 l 1974 1975 1976 145,775 148,263 150,827 153,449 156,048 88,991 91,040 93,240 94,793 96,917 61.0 61.4 61.8 61.8 62.1 86,542 88,714 91,011 92,613 94,773 81.702 84,409 85,935 84,783 87,485 3,472 3,45C 3,492 3,380 3,297 78,230 80,957 82,443 81,403 84,188 4,840 4,304 5,076 7,830 7,288 5.6 4.9 5.6 8.5 7.7 56,785 57,222 57,587 58,655 59,130 1977 1978 158,559 161,058 99,534 102,537 62.8 63.7 97,401 100,420 90,546 94,373 3,244 3,342 87,302 91,031 6,855 6,047 7.0 6.0 59,02f 58,521 5.5 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2 1977: December.. 159,736 100,877 63.2 98,748 92,561 3,304 89,257 6,187 6.3 58,860 159,937 160,128 160,313 160,504 160,713 160,928 161,148 161,348 161,570 161,829 162,033 162.250 101,336 101,263 101,557 101,885 102,222 102,602 102,738 102,785 103,097 103,199 103,745 103,975 63.4 63.2 63.3 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.8 63.8 64.0 64.1 99,215 99,139 99,435 99,767 100, 109 100,504 100,622 100,663 100,974 101,077 101,628 101,867 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855 3,363 3,280 3,334 3,274 3,243 3,424 3,377 3,351 3,406 3,374 3,275 3,387 89,560 89,767 89,948 90,430 90,710 91,216 91,06 9 91,372 91,604 91,867 92,476 92,468 6,292 6,092 6,153 6,063 6.156 5,864 6,176 5,940 5,964 5,836 5,877 6,012 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 58,601 58,865 58,755 58,619 58,492 58,326 58,410 58,563 58,473 58,630 58,288 58,275 1978; January.. February. March...,, April..., Hay.t Jane....* July....,., AUfUSt... September, October.., November,., December,. 1 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes. Because seasonally, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for "total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted. 21 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force Total labor force Year, month, and MX Total noninititutional population Employed Number Percent of population Total Total Agriculture Unemployed Not in labor force Nonagricultural Industrie* Number 44,315 44,957 45,855 46,099 46,455 47,791 49,130 49,618 48,429 49,675 51,222 52,810 1,508 1,419 1,403 2,235 2,776 2,635 2,240 2,668 4,385 3,968 3,588 3,051 3.1 2.9 2.8 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.1 4.8 7.9 7.0 6.2 5.2 11,919 12, 3 U 12,677 13,066 13,715 14,193 14,541 14,904 15,788 16,341 16,514 16,634 Percent of labor force Annual averages MALES 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19721 1973 1 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 64,316 65.345 66,365 67,409 68,512 69.864 71,020 72,253 73.494 74,739 75,981 77,169 52,398 53,030 53,688 54,343 54,797 55,671 56,479 57,349 57,706 58,397 59,467 60,535 81.5 81.2 80.9 80.6 80.0 79.7 79.5 79.4 78,5 78.1 78.3 78.4 48,987 49,533 50,221 51,195 52,021 53,265 54,203 55,186 55,615 56,359 57,449 58,542 47,479 48,114 48,818 48,960 49,245 50,630 51,963 52,518 51,230 52,391 53,861 55,491 3,164 3,157 2,963 2,861 2,790 2,839 2,833 2,900 2,801 2,716 2,639 2,681 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2 1977: December.. 76,541 60,079 78.5 58,068 54,922 2,690 52,232 3,146 5.4 16,463 76,636 76,725 76,811 76,901 77,000 77,102 77,206 77.301 77,407 77,546 77,643 77.746 60,251 60,171 60,278 60,277 60,396 60,555 60,492 6f,510 60,552 60,717 61,006 61,095 78.6 78.4 78.5 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.4 78.3 78.2 78.3 78.6 78.6 58,248 58,164 58,277 58,280 58,404 58,582 58,502 58,517 58,559 58,725 59,019 59,116 54,992 54,943 55,042 55,184 55,372 55,766 55,531 55,580 55,594 55,754 56,096 56,072 2,734 2,604 2,641 2,598 2,636 2,745 2,718 2,695 2,739 2,707 2,614 2,702 52,258 52,339 52,401 52,586 52,736 53,021 52,813 52,885 52,855 53,047 53,482 53,370 3,256 3,221 3,235 3,096 3,032 2,816 2,971 2,937 2,965 2,971 2,923 3,044 5.6 5.5' 5.6 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 16,385 16,555 16,533 16,624, 16,604 16,546 16,715 16,792 16,855 16,829 16,636 16,651 26,212 27.147 28,441 29,066 29,277 30,439 31,827 32,825 32,973 34,513 36,080 38,221 1,468 1,397 1,429 1,853 2,217 2,205 2,064 2,408 3,445 3,320 3,267 2,996 5.2 5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7 9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 40,608 40,976 40,924 41,214 41,952 42,591 42,681 42,683 42,868 42,789 42,510 41,88* 1978: January.. February. Harch..• , April,..., Hay June August... September October.• November. December. Annual averages FEMALES 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1 1973 i 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 69.003 70,217 71,476 72,774 74,084 75,911 77,242 78,575 79,954 81,309 82,577 83,890 28,395 29,242 30,551 31,560 32,132 33,320 34,561 35,892 37,087 38,520 40,067 42,002 41.2 41.6 42.7 43.4 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7 46.4 47.4 48.5 50.1 28,360 29,204 30,513 31,520 32,091 33,277 34,510 35,825 36,998 38,414 39,952 41,878 26,893 27,807 29,084 29,667 29,875 31,072 32,446 33,417 33,553 35,09 5 36,685 38,882 680 660 643 601 598 633 619 592 579 582 605 661 4.8 4.7 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2 1977: December• 83,195 40,798 49.0 40,6 80 37,639 614 37,025 3,041 7.5 42,397 83,301 83,403 83,501 83,603 83,714 83,826 83,941 84,047 84,162 84,283 84,390 84,504 41,084 41,092 41,280 41,608 41,826 42,047 42,246 42,276 42,545 42,U82 42,738 42,880 49.3 49.3 49.4 49.8 50.0 50.2 50.3 50.3 50.6 50.4 50.6 50.7 40,967 40,975 41,158 41,487 41,705 41,922 42,120 42,146 42,415 42,352 42,609 42,751 37,931 38,104 38,240 38,520 38,581 38,874 38,915 39,143 39,416 39,487 39,655 39,783 629 676 693 676 607 679 659 656 667 667 661 685 37,302 37,428 37,547 37,844 37,974 38,195 38,256 38,487 38,749 38,820 38,994 39,098 3,03f5 2,871 2,918 2,967 3,124 3.048 3,205 3,003 2,999 2,865 2,954 2,968 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.6 7. 1 7.1 6.8 6.9 6.9 42,217 42,311 42,222 41,995 41,888 41,779 41,695 41,772 41,618 41,801 41.652 41,624 1978: January.. February.. Harch..... April...... Hay July „ August..«. September. October.*. KoTember,. December.• 1 See footnote 1, table A-1. 22 See footnote 2, table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Total labor force Civilian labor force Sex, age, and race Not in labor force Unemployed Number Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other MALES 60,671 8,512 5,048 2,018 3,030 78.0 66.8 59.7 48.0 71.3 58,692 7,843 4,757 1,996 2,762 55,668 6,726 3,955 1,585 2,369 3,024 1,117 803 410 392 17,075 4,237 3,409 2, 189 1,220 323 23 17 8 9 4,560 3,794 3,133 2,066 1,067 1,709 31 16 5 11 19,483 14.2 16.9 20.6 14.2 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 53,679 8,761 37,757 8,510 7,651 6,207 5,228 5,087 5,075 89.8 86.0 94.7 95.1 96.5 96.5 95. 1 93.2 90.2 51,991 8,010 36,821 8,141 7,407 6,013 5,138 5,054 5,068 49,841 7,317 35,539 7,713 7,165 5,842 4,991 4,921 4,906 2,149 693 1,282 428 241 172 146 134 162 4.1 8.7 3.5 5.3 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.2 6,107 1,428 2,125 436 274 225 270 369 553 130 9 66 12 10 8 4 13 18 1,427 1,083 339 208 78 19 17 11 7 1,230 44 630 47 55 77 76 127 247 3,319 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 7, 161 4,397 2,764 73.7 82.5 63.0 7,160 4,396 2,764 6,986 4,294 2,69 2 174 102 72 2.4 2.3 2.6 2,553 932 1,622 56 18 38 5 3 3 557 311 246 1,935 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 1,944 1,146 1,944 1,146 1,872 1,097 798 20.5 30.5 13.9 798 775 72 49 23 3.7 4.3 2.9 7,558 2,616 4,942 175 42 133 463 177 286 6,921 2,397 4,523 53,936 7,473 4,471 1,826 2,645 78.7 68.9 62.4 51.4 73.0 52,347 6,947 4,242 1,808 2,434 49,976 6,089 3,605 1,464 2, 14 1 2,37 1 858 637 344 293 4.5 14,585 3,373 2,700 1,724 976 264 22 16 8 8 3,672 3,040 2,484 1,622 862 1,372 19 9 3 6 9,2 78 12.4 15.0 19.0 12.1 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 47,720 7,602 33,609 14,308 10,206 9,095 90.4 86.7 95.4 96.5 96.7 92.3 46,360 7,015 32,837 13,809 9,968 9,060 44,680 6,520 31,812 13,283 9,705 8,824 1,679 496 1,024 526 262 236 5,074 1,170 1,62 4 518 351 755 97 9 45 15 10 20 1,188 910 272 228 30 15 992 38 482 72 97 313 2,796 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,509 3,996 2,512 1,745 74. 1 83.2 63.1 20.4 6,507 3,995 2,512 1,745 6,348 3,905 2,443 1,691 160 90 70 55 2.5 2.3 2.8 43 15 28 151 5 3 3 47 2 264 208 371 1,758 3. 1 2,279 80 8 1,471 6,812 6,735 1,039 73.0 54.6 44.8 29.2 61.2 6,345 5,692 896 515 188 327 637 350 121 229 653 259 166 67 99 10.3 28.9 32. 1 35.6 30.1 2,489 865 710 465 244 59 2 2 888 754 64 9 444 205 337 12 7 2 5 1,235 577 192 385 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,960 1,159 4,148 1,853 1,228 1,067 85.2 81.8 89.2 90.6 89.5 86.5 5,632 5,162 8.3 994 797 3,985 1,738 1, 183 1,063 3,726 1,596 1,128 1,003 469 (197 258 143 56 60 1,034 258 501 191 144 166 21 7 2 12 239 172 66 58 6 2 23 8 6 148 30 56 61 523 79 267 96 80 93 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 653 401 252 198 70.4 76.4 62.5 21.0 653 401 252 198 638 390 249 181 14 12 3 18 275 124 151 746 12 3 9 24 85 47 38 92 177 73 104 630 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 5.2 — — 389 243 110 133 292 1,093 169 131 122 173 217 283 599 1,336 White 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 3.6 7. 1 3.1 3.8 2.6 2.6 292 191 91 103 213 825 204 214 407 526 1,232 6, 291 Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years •. 19.8 6.5 8.2 4.7 5.6 2.2 2.9 1. 1 8.9 — 2 34 — — 97 52 19 33 23 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Not in labor force Civilian labor force Total labor force Sex. age, and race Number Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping Going to school Unable to work Other FEMALES 43,069 7,272 4,446 1,864 2,582 51.0 58.2 53.7 45.8 61.5 42,940 7,220 4,426 1,863 2,562 40,239 6,302 3,782 1,546 2,236 2,701 919 644 318 326 6.3 12.7 14.6 17.0 12.7 41,435 5,217 3,830 2,210 1,620 32,444 1,336 614 167 447 4,197 3,532 2,987 1,968 1,019 1,056 25 20 6 14 3,737 324 209 69 140 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 37,487 7,019 25,890 6,080 4,992 4,244 3,642 3,482 3,450 59.8 69.0 62.2 66.7 61.4 62.7 62.6 60.5 56.9 37,379 6,952 25,849 6,051 4,964 4,241 3,641 3,482 3,450 35,353 6,365 24,560 5,635 4,738 4,031 3,487 3,336 3,332 2,026 587 1,290 416 246 210 155 145 118 5.4 8.4 5.0 6.9 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.2 3.4 25,19 1 3, 155 15,761 3,033 3,140 2,520 2, 177 2,276 2,616 21,947 2,057 14,381 2,682 2,902 2,319 2,021 2,072 2,385 1,206 828 369 142 105 61 30 18 13 470 24 254 16 28 36 42 49 82 1,568 246 760 194 105 103 84 137 137 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 4,578 2,860 1,718 42.2 48.8 34.4 4,578 2,860 1,718 4,428 2,776 1,652 150 83 66 3.3 2.9 3.9 6,275 2,995 3,280 5,510 2,656 2,854 9 3 6 192 84 108 563 250 313 1,135 709 4 25 8.4 15.0 4.8 (1,135 709 425 1,104 696 408 31 13 17 2.7 1.9 4.1 32,414 4,007 8,407 9,883 3,380 6,502 4 2 2 567 104 463 1,960 520 1,440 37,3111 6,392 3,960 1,691 2,269 50.6 60.7 56.9 49.4 64.0 37,209 6,351 3,943 1,690 2,254 35,158 5,671 3,456 1,430 2,026 2,051 680 487 260 228 5.5 10.7 12.4 15.4 10.1 36,366 4,140 3,005 1,72 8 1,276 2 9,091 1,107 495 142 352 3,308 2,780 2,340 1,524 816 805 18 14 6 8 3,164 235 156 56 100 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 32,345 6,036 22,202 9,416 6,736 6,051 59.4 70.0 61.6 63.7 61.9 58.3 32,260 5,983 22,170 9,388 6,733 6,050 3 0,722 5,582 21,150 8,878 6,441 5,831 1,538 401 3,021 510 292 218 4.8 6.7 4.6 5*4 4.3 3.6 22,083 2,581 13,851 5,375 4,145 4,331 19,489 1,723 12,749 4,924 3,869 3,956 965 669 289 188 73 28 358 16 195 32 55 106 1,271 173 618 231 148 240 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 4,(106 2,b71 1,536 1,006 42.1 49.0 34.0 8.2 4,106 2,571 1,536 1,006 3,991 2,506 1,485 980 115 64 51 26 2.8 2.5 3.3 2.6 5,651 2,673 2,978 11,278 5,036 2,399 2,617 9,108 7 3 4 3 147 58 89 434 480 212 268 1, 733 5,758 879 4 86 174 312 53.2 44.9 37.1 26.5 47.7 5,731 870 483 174 309 5,081 63 0 326 116 210 650 239 156 58 99 1U3 27.5 32.4 33.4 31.9 5,069 1,077 825 482 343 3,353 229 120 25 94 889 752 64 7 444 203 251 7 6 -6 577 89 52 12 40 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,142 983 3,688 1,656 1,150 882 62.3 63. 2 65.9 67.5 67.6 61.1 5,119 969 3,679 1,648 1,150 882 4,630 783 3,410 1,496 1,077 837 489 186 269 152 72 45 9.6 19.2 7. 3 9.2 6.3 5.1 3,108 573 1,910 798 551 561 2,459 333 1,632 660 471 501 241 159 80 58 18 3 111 7 53 12 23 23 297 73 143 63 39 34 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 472 289 182 129 43.0 47.3 37.6 10.2 472 289 182 129 437 270 168 125 34 19 15 4 7.3 6.7 8.2 3.2 624 322 302 1,136 494 257 237 774 2 45 26 19 134 83 38 45 227 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over White 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 24 -2 1 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race Civrlian labor force Total labor force Thousands of persons Sex, age, and race Participation rates Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 59,654 5,046 1,991 3,055 60,671 5,048 2,018 3,030 77.9 59.4 46.9 71.9 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 8,531 37,059 15,682 11, 104 10,273 8,761 37,757 16,161 11,434 10,161 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 7,100 4,373 2,727 1,919 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Thousands of persons Participation rates Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 78.0 59.7 48.0 71.3 57,644 4,722 1,957 2,765 58,6 92 4,757 1,996 2,762 77.3 57.8 46.5 69.9 77.5 58.3 47.7 69.4 85.1 94.7 95.5 96.1 91.9 86.0 94.7 95.8 95.8 91.7 7,784 36,120 15,066 10,819 10 234 8,010 36,821 15,547 11,151 10 122 83.9 94.5 95.3 96.0 91 9 84.9 94.5 95.5 95.7 917 7,161 4,397 2,764 1,944 74.1 83.3 62.9 20.6 73.7 82.5 63.0 20.5 7,099 4,372 2,727 1,919 7,160 4,396 2,764 1,944 74.1 83.3 62.9 20.6 73.7 82.5 63.0 20.5 53,(155 4,458 1,809 2,649 53, 936 4,471 1,826 2,645 78.7 61.8 50.4 73.1 78.7 62.4 51.4 73.0 51,510 4, 195 1,782 2,413 52,347 4,242 1,808 2,434 78. 1 60.3 50.0 71.2 78.2 61.1 51.2 71.4 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 7,439 33,062 13,913 9,886 9,262 7,602 33,609 14,308 10,206 9,095 85.9 95.4 96.1 96.8 93.0 86.7 95.4 96.5 96.7 92.3 6,845 32,275 13,403 9,646 9,227 7,015 32,837 13,809 9,968 9,060 84.9 95.3 96.0 96*7 93.0 85.7 95.3 96.4 96.6 92.3 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,476 3,975 2,501 1,720 6,509 3,996 2,512 1,745 74.6 83.9 63.5 20.5 74. 1 83.2 63.1 20.4 6,475 3,974 2,501 1,720 6,507 3,995 2,512 1,745 74.6 83.9 63.5 20.5 74.1 83.2 63.1 20.4 6,499 587 181 406 6,735 577 192 385 72.5 46.2 27.8 65.4 73.0 44.8 29.2 61.2 6, 133 527 176 352 6,345 515 188 327 71.3 43.5 27.2 62.0 71.3 42. 1 28.8 57.2 1,092 3,997 1,769 1,217 1,011 1,159 4,148 1,853 1,228 1,067 79.7 88.8 90.7 91 .1 83.2 81.8 89.2 90.6 89.5 86.5 939 3,844 1,663 (1,174 1,007 994 3,985 1,738 1,183 1,063 77.2 88.4 90.2 90*8 83.1 79.4 88.8 90.1 89.1 86.5 624 3 98 226 199 653 401 252 198 69.1 78.2 57.3 21.7 70.4 76.4 62.5 21.0 624 398 226 199 653 401 252 198 69.1 7a. 2 57.3 21.7 70.4 76.4 62.5 21.0 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 MALES White Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over , 25 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued Total labor fore* Sax,aga,and race Thousands of parsons Civilian labor foros Participation rates Dec. 1977 Dec* 1978 16 y«»n and over . . 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 40,977 4,169 1,691 2,476 43,069 4,446 1,864 2,582 49.3 50.2 41.1 59.0 70 to 24 years 26 to 64 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 6,726 24,501 10,242 7,461 6,798 7,019 25,890 11,072 7,886 6,932 66 to 64 years 66 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 66 years and over 4,479 2,842 1,637 1,101 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years Dec 1977 Dec. 1978 Thousands of parsons Participation rates Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 51.0 53.7 45.8 61.5 40,859 4, 151 1,690 2,461 42,940 4,426 1,663 2,562 49.2 50.1 41.1 58.8 50.9 53.6 45.7 61.3 67.2 59.9 61.0 61.2 56.9 69.0 62.2 64.2 62.7 58.6 6,662 24,466 10,211 7,458 6,797 6,952 25,849 11,035 7,883 6,931 67.0 59.8 60.9 61.2 56.9 68.8 62.1 64.1 62.7 58.6 4,578 2,860 1,718 1,135 41.8 49.3 33.1 8.3 42.2 48.8 34.4 6.4 4,479 2,842 1,637 1,101 4,578 2,860 1,718 1,135 41.8 49.3 33.(1 8.3 42.2 48.8 34.4 8.4 35,464 3,738 1,551 2,186 37,311 3,960 1,691 2,269 48.8 53.3 44.9 61.5 50.6 56*9 49.4 64.0 35,369 3,722 1,551 2,172 37,209 3,943 1,690 2,254 48.7 53.2 44.9 61.3 50.6 56.8 49.4 63.3 20 to 24 years 26 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,774 20,992 8,670 6,372 5,950 6,0 36 22,202 9,416 6,736 6,051 67.9 59.1 60.0 60.5 56.5 70.0 61.6 63.7 61.9 58.3 5,722 20,964 8,646 6,369 5,949 5,983 22,170 9,388 6,733 6,050 67.7 59.1 59.9 60.5 56.5 69.9 61.5 63.6 61.9 58.3 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,999 2,52 8 1,471 961 4,106 2,571 1,536 1,006 41.5 48.8 32.9 8.0 42.1 49.0 34.0 8. 2 3,999 2,528 1,471 961 4,106 2,571 1,536 1 006 41*5 48.8 32.9 8..0 42. 1 49.0 34.0 8.2 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 5,513 432 140 292 5,758 486 174 312 52.5 33.2 21.4 45.1 53.2 37.1 26.5 47.7 5,491 429 140 289 5,731 483 174 309 52.4 33. « 21.4 44.9 53.1 36.9 26.5 47.4 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 953 3,509 1,571 1,069 848 983 3,688 1,656 1, 150 882 63.2 64.8 67. 1 65.9 59.7 63*2 65.9 67.5 67.6 61.1 94 0 3,502 1,565 1,089 848 969 3,679 1,648 1,150 882 62.9 64.8 67.0 65.9 59.6 62*8 65.6 67.4 67.6 61.4 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 480 314 166 140 472 289 182 129 45.1 53.3 34.8 11 .5 43.0 47.3 37,6 10.2 480 314 166 140 472 289 182 129 45.1 53.3 34.8 11*5 43.0 47.3 37.6 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 FEMALES White Black and other 26 HO. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Civilian labor fore* Unemployed Employed Sex and age Not in labor Percent of labor force Nonagricultural Agriculture TOTAL 10,284 861 299 562 9,101 565 187 378 252 11 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years . . . 35 to 44 years . . . 45 to 54 years . . . 1,697 6,441 2,831 1,976 1,634 1,339 5,974 2,567 1,863 1,545 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years . . . 60 to 64 years . . . 65 years and over . . . 992 601 391 293 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 10 8,849 554 187 367 1,183 296 112 184 11.5 34.4 37.4 32.8 6,547 1,371 660 511 18 159 27 79 53 1,322 5, 816 2,540 1,784 1,492 357 466 264 113 89 21.1 7.2 9.3 5.7 5.5 700 2,026 785 600 641 949 575 374 274 43 22 21 22 906 553 353 252 43 26 17 20 4.3 4.4 4.3 6.8 79 7 391 407 1,653 5,375 442 152 290 4,787 295 93 201 230 11 4,557 284 93 19 1 588 147 58 68 10.9 33.3 38.2 30.3 2,178 636 429 208 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 861 3,337 1,437 1,004 896 680 3,101 1,307 952 844 18 142 22 70 49 662 2,962 1,285 682 795 180 234 130 52 52 20.9 7.0 9.0 5.2 5.8 207 448 161 130 157 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 566 342 224 170 554 334 221 156 41 20 20 19 513 313 200 137 12 9 3 15 2.1 2.6 1 .3 8.8 249 116 134 63 9 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 4,909 419 147 272 4,314 270 94 177 22 4,292 270 94 176 595 149 54 96 12.1 35.6 36.5 35*1 4,369 735 431 303 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 836 3,104 1,394 972 738 659 2,873 1,260 911 701 17 5 9 4 660 2,854 1,255 902 697 177 232 134 61 37 21.2 7.5 9.6 6.2 5.3 493 1,57 8 624 470 484 426 259 167 123 395 241 153 118 2 2 1 3 3 93 240 153 115 31 17 14 5 7.4 6.8 8.4 3.9 548 275 27 3 1,014 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . . 18 to 19 years . . . Males Females 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over . . . . NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about I "black and other" population group. 27 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Males, 20 years and over Total Females, 20 years and over Both sexes, 6 1 9 years Employment status and race Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 68,052 54,609 80.2 52,921 50,514 2, 19 2 48,322 2,407 69,288 55,623 80.3 53,935 51,713 2,250 49,463 2,221 74,883 36,808 49.2 36,708 34, 530 76,227 38,622 50.7 38,514 36,457 16,802 9,215 54.8 8,873 7,580 16,734 9,4 94 56.7 9, 183 7,736 26 2 7,475 1,447 TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 159,736 100,632 63.0 98,503 92,623 2,914 89,710 5,880 162,250 103,740 63.9 101,632 95,906 2,990 92,916 5,725 436 479 286 34,094 2, 179 35,978 2,057 5.6 4.5 4.1 5.9 5.3 5 9, 105 58,510 13,443 13,665 38,075 37,605 7,293 1,294 14.6 7,587 140,264 88,619 63.2 86,879 82,375 2,646 79,729 4,505 142,198 91,247 64.2 89,556 85,133 2,690 82,443 4,422 60,361 48,697 80.7 47,315 45,408 1,978 43,430 1,907 61,351 49,465 80.6 48,105 46,371 1,993 44,378 1,734 65,673 31,726 48.3 31,647 30,000 66,712 33.351 50.0 33,266 31,702 14,230 8,196 57.6 7,917 6,967 4.0 3.6 5.2 51,644 50,951 11,664 11,886 33,947 33,361 19,473 12,012 61.7 11,624 10,249 20,051 12,492 62.3 12,076 10,773 7,691 5,912 76.9 5,606 5,106 7,937 6,158 77.6 5,830 5,343 9,209 5,081 55.2 5,062 4,530 9,516 5,271 55.4 5,248 4,755 268 300 214 257 38 27 9,981 1,375 11.8 7,460 10,473 1,303 10.8 7,559 4,8 92 5,085 4,492 4,728 500 8.9 487 8.4 532 493 9.4 1,779 1,780 6.0 15.8 7,239 White Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 5.2 14,135 8,431 59.6 8,185 7,061 397 452 271 29,603 1,647 31,250 1,564 6,696 4.7 12.0 6,033 6,815 1,124 13.7 5,704 2,572 1,019 39.6 2,598 1,063 40.9 956 613 16 597 343 998 676 15 660 322 35.9 1,553 32.3 1,535 950 246 Black and other Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 28 10.5 4,126 4,244 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Black and other cfnpioyfn#nt status Both MXH TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries . . . . Unemployed Looking for full-time work . . . Looking for part-time work . . Percent of labor force Not in labor force 25,238 15,783 62.5 15,063 13,027 410 12,617 2,036 1,156 880 13.5 9,454 12,749 12,489 7,272 21,378 66.8 58.2 13,865 64.9 7,843 7,220 6,302 13,297 8,512 6,726 328 83 6,398 6,219 919 509 1,117 647 470 14.2 4,237 410 12.7 5,217 11,760 387 11,372 1,538 834 704 11.6 7,513 10,532 3,860 1,903 1,918 68.9 6,392 60.7 11,039 54.6 6,947 6,089 305 6,351 5,671 83 1,766 5,784 858 480 378 12.4 3,373 5,589 680 353 1,244 10,846 7,473 326 10.7 4,140 49.7 1,268 23 498 323 176 28.2 1,942 896 637 23 614 259 167 93 28.9 865 1,957 879 44.9 870 630 630 239 156 83 27.5 1,077 Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries . . . . Unemployed .Looking for full-time work . . . Looking for part-time work . . Percent of labor force Not in labor force 4,824 4,009 133 3,876 815 68 748 16.9 2,445 1,985 106 1,879 460 37 423 18.8 7,326 3,794 10,239 9,018 277 8,741 1,221 5,398 4,740 222 4,519 2,380 2,024 27 1,997 356 31 325 14.9 3,532 4,349 3,707 133 3,574 643 44 598 14.8 5,819 2,206 1,837 105 1,732 369 25 344 16.7 3,040 2,144 1,870 28 1,842 274 19 255 12.8 2,780 475 303 302 173 23 149 36.3 1,506 239 149 1 148 91 11 79 37.9 754 236 151* 154 82 12 70 34.7 752 Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagriculatural industries . . . Unemployed Looking for full-time work . . . Looking for part-time work . . Percent of labor force Not in labor force 1,089 132 11.9 2,129 657 610 47 12.2 443 4,841 4,278 56 4,222 563 478 85 11.6 1,686 8,948 8,053 255 7,798 895 789 106 10.0 1,693 4,741 4,252 200 4,052 489 455 34 10.3 333 4,207 3,801 55 3,746 406 334 72 9.6 1,361 1,291 965 23 942 326 299 27 25.2 436 657 489 22 466 168 155 13 25.6 111 634 476 1 476 158 144 13 24.8 325 29 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age. and race [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Full-time labor force Race, sex, and age Part-time tabor force Unemployed (lookint for full-time work) Employed Unemployed (tookinafor parMimeworfc) Employed Total Fulltime schedules' Total Part time for Number reasons Percent of full-time labor force part time' Number Percent of part-time tabor force TOTAL 4,30 2 1, 156 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 ye^rs and over 20 to 24 years 25 vears and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 85,614 8,892 4,153 618 3,534 81,461 12,829 68,633 56,739 11,893 78,261 7,045 3,064 357 2,728 75,176 11,104 64,072 52,913 11,159 3,052 69 1 396 100 298 2,654 623 2,031 1,581 450 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years . . ' 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 53,397 4,908 2,310 51,087 7, 171 43,916 36,077 7,839 49,613 3,920 1,731 47,883 6,256 41,627 34,182 7,445 1,389 342 200 1,189 294 895 685 210 2,395 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 32,217 3,984 1,842 30,375 5,658 24,717 20,662 4,0 55 28,647 3,125 1,353 27,294 4,848 22,446 18,732 3,714 1,663 349 198 1,465 329 1,137 89 7 240 1,907 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 yosrs sncJ ov6r 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 47,636 4,300 2,040 45,596 6,259 39,337 32, 19 1 7,146 44,621 3,543 1,582 43,039 5,581 37,458 30,645 6,813 1, 151 277 158 994 241 753 587 166 1,86 3 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 27,440 3,431 1,620 25,820 4,815 21,005 17,371 3,634 24,688 2,791 1,243 23,445 4,243 19,201 15,831 3,370 1,353 287 167 1,186 257 929 743 187 1,399 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 5,762 608 271 5,491 912 4,578 3,886 6 92 4,992 376 148 4,844 675 4,169 3,537 632 237 65 42 19 5 53 143 98 45 532 167 80 452 185 267 251 16 9.2 27.4 29.7 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,777 553 222 4,554 843 3,712 3,291 421 3,959 335 110 3,849 60 5 3,243 2,900 343 310 62 31 278 72 206 153 53 508 156 81 428 166 261 237 24 10.6 28.2 36.3 Both sexes 16 years and over 671 162 509 3,631 1,102 2,52 9 2,244 285 647 380 2,015 621 1,39 5 1,211 184 509 291 1,616 481 1,136 1,034 102 5.0 13.0 16*2 26. 1 14.4 4.5 6.6 3.7 4.0 2.4 4.5 13.2 16.4 3.9 8.7 3.2 3.4 2.3 5.9 12.8 15.8 5.3 8.5 4.6 5.0 2.5 16,017 6,171 5,030 3,241 1,790 10,987 2,133 8,854 5,931 2,923 14,594 5,291 4,254 2,674 1,580 10,340 1,954 8,386 5,604 2,781 5,295 2,934 2,447 2,848 1,266 4,666 2,464 2,024 2,642 767 1,875 673 1,202 6 29 470 423 206 72 134 71 64 10,723 3,237 2,583 8,139 1,295 6,845 5,187 1,658 9,928 2,827 2,230 7,698 1,188 6,510 4,931 1,579 794 410 353 441 107 334 256 78 4,711 2,646 2,202 2,509 1,107 4,203 2,268 1,865 2,338 697 1,641 581 1,059 508 378 338 171 59 112 64 48 9,769 2,920 2,323 7,445 1, 168 6,278 4,799 1,478 9,116 2,593 2,046 7,070 1,082 5,989 4,575 1,413 653 326 277 375 86 289 224 65 584 2flfl 244 339 82 257 99 159 463 196 159 3 03 69 234 91 143 121 93 85 36 13 23 7 16 20.7 32. 1 34.8 10.6 15. 6 954 317 260 694 126 568 388 180 813 234 184 628 106 522 356 166 142 83 76 66 20 46 32 14 14.8 26 .3 29*1 838 2,009 744 1,423 680 776 566 209 648 178 469 328 141 8.9 14.3 15.4 17.5 11.7 5.9 8.4 5.3 5.5 4.8 11.9 16.0 17.3 7.2 8.6 6.7 9.5 5.1 7.4 12.7 13.7 5.4 8.2 4.9 4.9 4.7 White 480 299 1,564 437 1, 128 960 167 353 210 3.9 11.2 14.7 3.4 7.0 2.9 3.0 2.3 5.1 10.3 13.0 1,189 4.6 315 874 796 78 4.2 4.6 2.1 6. 5 756 1,753 646 10.8 14.3 15.3 6*8 7.8 6.4 9.9 4.3 6.7 11.2 11.9 5.0 7.4 4.6 4.7 4.4 Black and other 1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories. 30 8.2 20.2 5.8 6.5 2.3 9.4 19.7 7.0 7.2 5.7 8.9 7.1 10.1 9.5 15.9 8. 1 8.2 7.8 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Family relationship Total of population Employed Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons 2,766 14,220 101,632 63.5 95,906 5,725 5.6 58,510 32,767 8,757 Husbands1 With employed wife . . . With unemployed wife With wife not in labor force 40,866 20,712 1,112 17,437 81.7 92.2 93.6 71.8 39,796 20,256 1,012 16,997 1,070 457 99 439 2.6 2.2 8.9 2.5 9,177 1,763 76 6,836 117 30 1 61 251 1,177 7,632 130 12 82 394 22 700 1,209 40 5,994 Wives With employed husband With unemployed husband With husband not in labor force 23,663 21,268 556 1,839 49.4 55.6 55.9 21.2 22,475 20,256 456 1,763 1,188 1,012 99 76 5.0 4.8 17.8 4.1 24,272 16,997 439 6,836 22,467 16,005 402 6,060 284 247 9 28 252 103 ue 3 1,269 642 24 602 Relatives in husband-wife families 16-19 years 20-24 years 25 years and over . . 13,809 6,554 4,670 2,585 60.6 55.9 73.9 54.5 12,236 5,612 4,265 2,359 1,573 941 405 227 11.4 14.4 8.7 8.8 8,984 5,173 1,651 2,160 1,352 180 172 1,000 5,983 4,703 1,192 88 359 17 42 300 1,290 274 245 771 4,905 4,006 1,322 1,182 1,502 58.5 54.7 48.3 69.9 51.9 4,527 3,358 993 986 1,379 378 648 329 196 123 7.7 16.2 24.9 16.6 8.2 3,484 3,315 1,416 508 1,391 2,888 809 68 112 629 115 1,518 1,201 275 42 129 273 17 13 243 353 714 131 108 475 14,383 60.8 13,514 868 6.0 9,278 5,134 606 576 2,962 Total 16 years and over . Women who head families Relatives in female-headed families 16-19 years 20-24 years 25 years and over . . . . . . Persons not living in families 2 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. 2 Individuals liv secondary families. alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race Dec. 1977 Total. 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single {never married) Black and other, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Total, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) c=corrected. Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Marital status, sax, aga, and race Pec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 3,024 5.4 5.2 2,760 2,701 6.8 6.3 1,296 300 1,524 1,061 293 1,670 3.2 6.9 11.4 2.6 6.3 4,224 507 970 5.5 6.8 9.6 5.1 6.3 12.0 1,277 522 960 2,440 2,371 4.7 4.5 2,065 2,051 5.8 5.5 2.5 5.7 10.4 1,081 364 620 1,039 358 654 5.2 6.0 7.3 4.8 5.6 7.1 11.1 10.3 695 650 12.7 11.3 5.2 10.2 23.3 4.3 8.7 22.4 197 158 340 165 148 316 8.1 10.0 23.0 7.6 9.3 18.5 2,133 2,026 6.0 5.4 5.3 6.8 7.4 4.9 6.5 5.9 3,120 1,114 215 1,111 908 216 1,247 680 653 182 85 413 153 78 423 3. tc 6.1 9.6 3.9 2,309 2,149 4.5 4.1 1, 190 279 841 1,000 265 885 3.1 6.8 9.6 2.6 6.0 9.5 1,197 474 462 1,146 477 403 1,633 1,679 4.0 3.6 1,606 1,538 1,025 201 606 853 196 629 2.9 6. 1 8.1 2.4 5.5 7.9 1,015 326 264 968 335 234 476 469 8.8 8.3 527 489 10.7 9.6 181 148 198 178 143 169 7.7 10.0 18.2 7.5 9.6 13.5 164 78 234 145 69 256 4.8 9.9 18.9 4.2 8.3 18.5 5.2 4.8 5.1 6.0 5. 1 4.6 5.8 4.2 31 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Total FeiiMles Males Occupation Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 5,880 1,696 5,725 1,537 328 256 261 851 378 204 205 751 2,359 2,347 668 344 324 913 223 554 141 Total, 16 years and over White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers .. Carpenters and other construction craft All other Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other Service workers Private household All other Farm workers No previous work experience 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 640 356 284 896 219 593 211 382 4 13 1,013 1,052 52 961 133 679 489 133 58 69 983 111 678 486 111 81 Dec. 1978 6.0 5.6 3.1 2.5 1.9 3.1 4.1 6.9 4.8 8.6 3. 5 2 .3 2.5 4.1 4.8 7.2 5. 2 8.4 3.7 8.0 5.9 3. 1 7.6 5.7 11.2 14.9 10.3 11.5 20.2 9.3 7.5 5.5 7.7 4.3 7.4 3.9 7.8 5. 2 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 5.4 2.6 1.8 2.3 3.4 4.5 6*5 5.0 Dec. 1977 5.2 2 .1 1.9 1.6 Dec. 1978 6.8 4.3 2.9 3.1 2.2 5.0 4.2 3.4 6.5 4.9 10.2 9.4 (1) 4.3 8.8 5.6 (1) 8.9 5.1 9.5 3.6 9.4 H o •» . o 8 ".3 8.6 3.3 6.3 6.0 2.9 6.3 5.9 in.4 14.8 10.5 11.7 20.2 O -a J m3 7.1 7.2 (D (1) 7.1 7. 1 10.6 5.4 9.4 (1) — d) 9.1 7.6 8.9 7.7 3.9 8.3 5.3 8.1 i.o 4.1 3 .6 11.5 ... — — 6.3 3.9 3.3 3.0 _.. ... — — — ...» Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployment rates Percent distribution Total Industry Dec. 1977 Total 16 years and over Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Minina Construction Manufacturing . Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical equipment Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment Instruments and related products Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and plastics products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Whnlpcalp and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries .. Agricultural wage and salary workers Alt rvthor Hac<6Pt rtf wnrWprs No previous work experience 1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. 32 Dec. 1978 100.0 72.9 100.0 73.8 .5 8.6 • ... 20.9 11.8 1.0 .6 .8 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.3 1.5 .6 1.0 .5 .9 9.0 2.5 1.0 2.1 .3 .5 10.7 20. 1 10.1 1 .0 .5 .5 .9 1.0 1.2 1 .9 1.6 1.0 .6 .4 1. 1 10.0 2.3 .8 2.6 .7 Dec. 1977 6.0 6.0 3.2 11.1 5.7 5.5 8.7 6.8 6.5 5.2 6.0 3.8 6.2 4.2 2.6 6.3 5.4 7.2 5.9 7.8 5.5 8.8 2.5 4.6 3.1 7.1 4.9 4.6 4.4 Dec. 1978 5.6 5.7 2.9 12.4 5. 1 4.3 8.5 4.8 3.a 3.8 4.0 2.6 4.8 4.0 4.4 3.4 3.9 8.7 6.2 6.6 5.2 10.0 2.7 3. 1 15.6 16.1 6.6 6.9 9. 0 9. 1 5.7 4.3 7.5 5.4 5.3 3.4 6.0 6.1 3.3 2.3 4.6 2.0 6.3 3.0 5.5 4.0 7.5 12.8 3.0 10.6 2. 7 1. 1 1. 4 .6 1.0 .5 4.0 .4 .7 .8 .7 3.1 .2 2.7C 2. 1 .9 .8 20.8 20.7 2.6 2.9 2.5 12. 7 11.6 11.7 11.8 6.3c 2.6 6.6 c=corrected. Females Males Dec. 1977 5.4 Dec, 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 6.8 6.7 (1) 6.3 6.2 3.0 5.2 5.3 3.4 11.1 12.8 11.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.9 7.4 4.2 4.3 3.7 4.2 2.4 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.4 5.2 9.0 9.1 5.9 7.6 7.6 5.7 5.. 4 9. 1 3.9 6.4 4.6 5.5 2.5 3.7 3.7 2.2 5.5 a. 7 5.0 3.9 5.6 3.5 7.7 1.5 3.3 2.0 4.4 3.5 4.5 4.2 4*0 4.8 3.8 6.0 3.3 4.3 2.4 3.7 3.9 3.2 6.6c 7.(1 2. 1 13.0 6.9 10.7 8.1 10.2 9.5 7.3 4.8 «... 16.0 5.7 2.4 4.4 3.3 3.6 6.8 5.2 «0. 7 6.1 3,. 6 7.4 2.0 «0.2 10.7 8.8 9.2 13.2 10.7 8.0 7.0 9. 2 11.0 11.2 5.4 6.4 6.2 12.3 6.7 4.8 (D 6.8 5.7 9.6 9.5 3.7 (1) 4.0 3.5 7.1 1.6 4.6 1.2 5. 9 5. 5 7. 4 2.8 5.6 3.8 7.3 2.8 5.2 3.6 6.8 3.4 5.7 4.5 3.*2 11.5 9." 3 7 .7 18.*6 8.2 15.8 2.4 3.4 3.1 2.8 4.8c 4.7 5.6 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race Females, 20 years Males, 20 years Total unemployed Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Black and other nOflson for un0fnpftoyni#nt Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 D«c. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 5,880 2,749 737 2,012 2,407 1,536 435 1,103 809 9,642 679 5,725 2,504 760 1,744 827 1,716 678 100.0 46.7 12.5 34.2 13.8 27.9 11.5 100.0 43.8 13.3 30.5 14.5 30.0 11.6 6.0 2.7 5.6 2.4 .8 1.7 .7 .8 1.7 .7 2,221 1,367 2,179 45 1 71 932 234 698 354 796 97 2#057 790 267 523 343 803 121 1,294 280 69 211 146 379 489 1,447 347 94 253 153 462 485 4,505 2,167 657 1,510 692 1,203 442 4,422 1,971 648 1,323 687 1,302 462 1,375 583 80 503 117 439 237 1,30 3 533 112 421 14 1 414 215 100.0 63.9 18. 1 45.8 12.8 19.4 3.9 100.0 61.5 17.9 43.6 14.9 20.3 3. 2 100.0 42.7 10.7 32.0 16.3 36.5 4.4 100.0 38.4 13.0 25.4 16.7 39.0 5.9 100.0 21.6 5.3 16.3 11.3 29.3 37.8 100.0 24.0 6.5 17.5 10.6 31.9 33.5 100.0 48.1 14.6 33.5 15.4 26.7 9.8 100.0 44.6 14.7 29.9 15.5 29.4 10.5 100.0 42.3 5.8 31.9 17.2 100.0 40.9 8.6 32.3 10.8 31.8 16.5 4.5 2.9 .6 .9 .2 4. 1 2.5 5.9 2.5 1.0 2.2 .3 5.3 2.1 14.6 3.2 1.6 4.3 5.5 15.8 3.8 1.7 5.0 5.3 5.2 2.5 4.9 2.2 1.4 .5 1.5 .5 11.8 5.0 1.0 3.8 2.0 10.8 4.4 1. 2 3.4 1. 8 398 969 332 30 9 467 93 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 36.5 8.5 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate Job loser rate1 Job leaver rate1 Reentrant rate1 New entrant rate1 1 .6 .8 .1 .9 2.1 .3 Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force. A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age [Percent distribution] December 1978 Total unemployed Duration of unemployment Reason, sex, and age 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks of persons 27 weeks and over Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants 5,725 100.0 44.6 35.2 20.2 12.3 7.9 2,504 760 1,744 827 1,716 678 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.7 63.0 35.3 39.3 47.4 47. 3 34.9 28.6 37.7 37.3 36.2 30.8 21.3 8.4 26.9 23.4 16.4 21.8 12.5 5.0 15.7 13.9 11. 1 13.1 8.9 3.4 I 1.2 9.5 5.3 8.7 2,221 Total, 16 years and over 100.0 43.7 34.4 24.9 13.9 I I .0 1,367 398 969 332 451 71 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.2 61.1 34.5 36.1 42.1 23.8 8.3 30.1 30.4 19.7 CD 12.7 4.3 16.2 18.4 13.2 11.3 (D 34.0 30,7 35.4 33.4 38. 1 (1) 2,057 100.0 44. 8 35.5 19.7 12.3 7.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.3 60.4 33.0 35.2 51. 1 47.1 36. 1 30.6 38.9 39.5 33.4 34.7 21.6 9.0 28.2 25.3 15.6 18.2 14.9 6.3 19.3 15.1 9.1 9. 1 2.6 8.8 10.2 6.5 9. 1 New entrants Males, 20 years and over Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Females, 20 years and over. . . Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . . . Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 790 267 523 343 80 3 121 1,447 100.0 50.3 35.9 347 94 253 153 462 485 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.9 78.7 43.5 54.5 46.0 50.7 35.9 13.8 44.3 40. 3 39.5 31.2 (D 4.0 13.9 12.0 6.4 (D 6.7 10.0 11.2 7.4 12.3 5.2 14.5 18.1 3.8 6.0 4.3 6.7 2.6 5.2 3.2 5.5 2.S 2.2 4.9 12.4 13.1 ' Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. 33 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-15. Unemployed jobseekert by the jobseerch methods used, sex, age, end rece December 1978 Sex, age, and raoa Total, 18 years and ovar., 18 to 19 year* 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,725 1,447 1,281 1,331 682 558 324 103 4,881 1,339 1#139 1,103 553 421 239 89 25.3 17.8 31.7 27.4 28.0 23.0 26.4 21.3 5.6 2.8 7.1 6.4 4.5 7.1 10.0 2.2 71*3 77.3 72.1 70.1 71.1 67.9 48.1 65.2 28.5 24.3 29.7 34.5 26.9 27.1 25.5 27.0 14.9 12.4 15.7 15.0 14. 1 18.3 16.3 21.3 6.6 5.9 5.8 6.1 6,7 7.8 15.9 1 .1 1.52 .41 .62 .60 .51 .51 .42 .38 Males, 16 years and over.. 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,024 803 693 669 318 295 174 72 2,511 731 601 520 250 217 129 63 27.8 17.0 34.4 32.5 37.6 28.1 20.2 5.7 1.6 7.5 7.3 5.2 10.6 8.5 7(1.(1 78.2 73.9 69.0 68.4 58.1 56.6 26.7 22.8 28.0 35.4 25*6 22.6 18.6 18.2 14.1 18.3 20.8 18.0 22.6 22.5 8.0 4.8 7.7 8.5 .58 .39 .70 .73 .64 .55 .44 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,701 644 587 662 365 263 150 31 2,370 608 538 582 3 03 204 110 25 22.6 18.9 28.6 22.9 19.8 17.6 33.6 5.5 4.3 6.9 5.8 4.3 3.9 11.8 71.5 76.2 70.1 71*1 73.3 77.9 38.2 30.3 26.0 31.8 33.7 28. 1 31.9 33.6 11.3 10.4 12.8 10.0 10.9 13.7 9. 1 (1) 5. 1 7.2 3.7 4.0 4.3 2.5 12.7 .46 .43 .54 .47 .40 .48 .39 White, 16 years and over • Males Females 4,422 2,371 2,051 3,705 1,930 1,775 23.0 25.3 20.5 5.6 5.7 5.5 72.2 70.7 73.8 28.4 26.7 30.3 14.7 17.7 11.3 6.8 8.9 4.6 .51 .55 .46 Black and other, 16 years and over Males Females 1,303 653 650 1, 177 581 596 32.6 36.3 28.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 68.4 72.3 64.6 28.6 26.9 30.5 15.5 20.0 11.1 5.9 5.3 6.5 .57 .66 .47 (D (D Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or (D O) (D (D (D O) (D 9.6 12.9 17.8 (1) (D d) waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than oneNjnethod. A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment December Thousands of persons 1978 Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Sex and reason Total unemployed Public Total jo* seekers agency Private employment agency Employer directly Placed or answered ads Friends or Other Average number of method* used Total, 16 years and over Job losers Job leavers 5,725 2,504 827 1,716 678 4,881 1,740 825 1,644 673 25.3 32.8 28.4 19.0 17.7 5.6 6.9 4.5 6.0 2.5 71.3 69.9 75.4 68.6 76.4 28 ..5 30.9 34..1 25.8 22«1 14.9 16.1 14.4 14.3 13.5 6.6 7.6 4.0 6.3 7.7 .52 .64 I. 61 .40 1.40 Males, 16 years and over Job losers . . Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,0 24 1,595 419 700 310 2,511 1,125 416 663 308 27.8 32.9 32.9 21.3 16.6 5.7 7.2 4.6 4.8 3.6 71.1 70.6 70.4 68.5 79.2 26.7 27.6 37.5 20.7 22.4 18.2 17.6 18.3 20.2 16.2 8.0 8.3 3.8 10.3 8.1 1.58 .64 1.68 .46 1.46 Females, 16 years and over . . . . Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 2,701 909 409 1,016 368 2,370 616 409 981 364 22.6 32.6 23.7 17.4 18.7 5.5 6.3 4.4 6.8 1.6 71.5 68.7 80.4 68.7 73.9 30.3 36.7 30.3 29.4 22.0 11.3 13.3 10.8 10.1 11.5 NOTE: See note, table A-15. 34 . 5. 1 6.5 4. 2 3.8 7.4 1.46 .64 1.54 .36 1 35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-T7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Full-time worker* Total Dec. 1977 , Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks A-18. Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Poroofit distribution Dec. 1978 D&c. 1977 Dec. 1978 5,880 Total. 16 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 to 10 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over Thousands of parsons Percent distribution Thousands of parsons Duration of unemployment 5,725 100.0 100.0 4,563 4,3 02 100.0 100.0 2,361 1,951 1,332 619 1,568 791 777 373 4 04 2,553 2,015 1,431 584 1,157 706 451 207 244 40.2 33.2 22.7 10.5 26.7 13.5 13.2 6.3 6.9 44.6 35.2 25.0 10.2 20.2 12.3 7.9 3.6 4.3 1,660 1,524 1,045 479 1,380 702 678 322 356 1,794 1,534 1,116 419 974 578 396 186 210 36.4 33.4 22.9 10.5 30.2 15.4 14.9 7.1 7.8 41.7 35.7 25.9 9.7 22.6 13.4 9.2 4.3 4.9 14.1 7.4 11.0 6.1 15.3 8.4 12.0 6.6 Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status Thousands of persons Less than 5 weeks Sex, age, race, and marital status 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Less than 5 weeks as a 15 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed percent of unemployed in group in group Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 6.1 5.3 5.0 6.1 6.5 6.6 7.4 6.8 6.7 40.2 47.0 49.3 39.6 40.1 35.4 32.4 33.5 37.7 44.6 48.6 50.3 44.2 42. 4 42.2 41.5 41.5 40.3 26.7 18.6 17.9 23.5 25.8 34.3 36.7 35.2 42.7 20.2 14.8 13.8 19.4 21.6 25.3 25.6 26.1 21.6 6.4 5.6 5.4 6.0 7. 1 6.6 7.9 8.0 7.2 38.0 43.7 46.4 36.4 35.6 33.8 35.5 31.3 44. 1 42.5 46.6 47. 4 45.1 38.0 40.0 40.6 37.0 (D 26.4 19.5 18.4 24.6 28.9 38.8 36.9 39.5 37.6 21.7 14.2 13.0 20.3 25.1 27.9 27.6 28.1 5.7 4.9 4.6 6.2 5.7 6.5 6.6 5.6 5.6 42.6 51.0 52.9 43.3 45.0 36.7 29. 1 36.4 46.9 51. 1 53.8 43.2 46.9 44.2 42.4 46.8 24.7 17.4 17.3 22.2 22.5 30.1 36.5 29.2 d) (D 18.5 15.6 14.8 17.7 18.1 22.9 23.4 23.8 (II 41. 4 40.2 42.9 46.4 44.5 48.7 25.3 26. 1 24.4 18.3 19.3 17.2 36.0 29.9 41.9 38.4 35.2 41.6 31.1 36.5 25.8 26.6 30.5 22.7 December 1978 2,553 990 727 566 565 288 232 134 41 2,015 744 520 466 479 222 164 105 39 706 210 145 140 183 103 78 44 13 451 92 55 108 104 69 65 40 9 1,285 521 380 312 254 127 120 64 27 1,082 438 316 236 247 102 94 61 23 390 114 82 81 107 51 40 17 13 267 45 22 64 61 38 41 33 9 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,701 919 644 587 662 365 263 150 31 1,268 469 347 254 310 161 112 70 14 933 306 202 230 232 120 90 44 16 316 96 63 60 76 52 38 27 184 47 32 44 44 31 23 9 - White, 16 years and over. Males Females 4,422 2,371 2,051 2,053 1,055 998 1,558 858 700 494 270 224 317 188 129 10.3 11.0 9.5 5.7 5.9 5.3 Black and other, 16 years and over Males Females (1,303 653 650 500 230 270 456 224 232 212 120 92 134 79 55 13.5 14.9 12.1 8.3 9.7 6.9 1,061 412 395 142 112 12.8 6.9 39.1 38.9 30. 1 23.9 293 1,670 123 750 92 595 41 207 37 118 15*3 10.6 6.6 6.0 28.5 38.9 41.8 44.9 37.7 25.0 26*8 19.5 1,224 570 437 146 71 9.1 5.6 41.1 45.6 23.5 17.8 507 970 233 465 158 338 68 102 47 66 12*0 10.4 6.4 5.5 38.9 46 .6 46.1 47.9 28.5 24.4 22.7 17.3 Total, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over MilM, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female*, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 5,725 2,036 1,447 1,281 1,331 682 558 324 103 3,024 1, 117 803 693 669 318 295 174 72 11.0 8.9 8.4 10.8 11.5 12.1 14.5 13.4 13.8 11.8 8.7 8.0 10.9 13. 1 12.9 16.2 16.6 17.0 10.1 9.2 8.8 10.5 9.8 11,3 12.5 9.6 6. 1 (D Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000 35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-isi. unempioyea persons c>y auraiMin, occupaxi on, ana melusxry OT iaSX JOD Thousands of parsons Avarage (maan) Occupation and industry Total Lass than 5 waaks 15 to 26 WMkl 5 to 14 WMkl Median duration, in waaks duration, inwaaks Lass than 5 waaks asaparcantof group 15 waaks and ovar asaparcantof 1 in Voup UffivtsipVOyl d i n and over Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 December 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 OCCUPATION Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers . . . . .. . Service workers 1,537 582 205 751 589 561 242 145 191 95 304 225 75 260 102 22 119 64 13 68 12.4 13.5 10.5 12.0 8.7 5.6 7.6 36.4 30.7 36.1 40.6 38.3 32.8 46.2 40.4 30.6 35.3 31.1 27.4 25.2 28.5 17-0 24.9 2,347 640 896 219 593 1,124 320 405 106 293 789 218 296 71 204 259 61 111 25 62 174 41 84 16 34 10. 1 9.6 11.0 10.8 9.0 5.4 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.1 42.7 42.0 43.2 51.5 39.3 47.9 50.0 45.2 48.3 49.4 24.6 25.4 22.9 20.4 28.0 18.5 15.9 21.7 19.0 16.2 1,052 White-collar workers Professional and managerial Sales workers • • . Clerical workers 467 404 109 71 10.6 6.1 39.8 44.4 26.9 17.2 7.8 INDUSTRY 1 74 64 7 5.8 4.9 638 1,160 58 3 57 7 200 1,199 1,397 186 347 512 224 288 84 554 546 59 209 391 208 182 58 438 535 69 46 155 85 70 29 134 195 45 37 103 66 37 29 73 122 13 9.0 10.9 12.1 9.6 14.8 9.7 12.0 12.1 4.6 6.0 6.9 5.0 7.4 5.7 7.5 8.9 46.4 51.6 39.0 38.9 39.2 46.0 38.9 36.7 35.5 50.6 54.4 44.1 38.5 49.9 42.0 46.2 39.1 31.9 12.6 20.7 28.9 27.9 30.3 25.0 25.4 29.1 30.2 13.0 22.2 25.8 18.5 29.1 17.3 22.5 31.1 678 322 210 89 59 12.6 5.7 40.1 47.4 27.1 21.7 146 Construction Manufacturing Durable goods . . . Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries No previous work experience 5.2 Includes wage and salary workers only. A - 2 0 . Employed persons by sex and age Age and type of industry Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec, 1978 All industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 92 # 623 7,580 3,053 4,527 13,098 57,915 23,877 17,603 16,435 11,156 6,949 4,206 2,876 95,906 7,736 3,131 4,605 13,681 60,099 25,252 18,351 16,496 11,414 7,070 4,344 2,976 54,524 4,010 1, 642 2,368 7,059 34,781 14,340 10,516 9,925 6,854 4,214 2,640 1,820 55,668 3,955 1,585 2,369 7,317 35,539 14,879 10,833 9,827 6,986 4,294 2,692 1,872 -38,099 3,570 1,411 2,158 6,039 23,134 9,537 7,087 6,510 4,302 2,735 1,567 1,055 40,239 3,782 1,546 2,236 6,365 24,560 10,373 7,518 6,669 4,428 2,776 1,652 1, 104 Nonagricuttural industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 89,710 7,293 2,919 4,374 12,792 56,424 23,352 17,149 15,922 10,650 6,649 4,001 2,551 92,916 7,4 75 3,0 12 4,463 13,361 58,497 24,655 17,848 15,995 10,915 6,793 4,122 2,667 52,086 3,764 1,528 2,236 6,803 33,580 13,924 10,149 9,507 6,413 3,956 2,457 1,526 53,208 3,745 1,489 2,256 7,055 34,250 14,389 10,442 9,420 6,563 4,069 2,494 1,595 37,623 3,529 1,391 2,139 5,989 22,843 9,427 7,000 6,415 4,237 2,693 1,544 1,025 39,708 3,73 0 1,524 2,207 6,307 24,247 10,266 7,406 6,575 4,352 2,72 4 1,628 1,072 2,914 286 134 152 3 05 1,491 525 453 513 506 300 206 325 2,990 262 119 143 320 1,601 597 503 501 499 278 222 308 2,438 246 113 132 256 1,201 416 367 418 441 258 183 295 2,460 210 97 113 262 1,288 490 391 407 423 226 197 276 476 40 21 20 50 291 109 87 95 65 42 23 30 53 0 51 22 29 58 312 108 112 93 76 52 24 32 Agriculture 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and .over 36 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-21. Employed persons by occupation, sex r and age [In thousands] Milts, 20 ytsrs m d over Dec. 1977 Females, 20 years and over Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Males, 16-19 years Dec. 1977 Females, 16-19 yeaxs Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 92,623 95,906 50,514 5(1,7(13 34,530 36,457 4,010 3,955 3,570 3,782 46,961 48,852 21,857 22,381 22,575 23,795 673 665 1,878 2,011 14,179 2,646 3,170 8,363 14,870 2,717 3,232 8,921 8,017 905 881 8,267 923 904 6,440 5,995 1,727 2,270 1,998 6,395 1,774 2,291 2,330 89 5 4 80 111 2 Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Salaried workers Self-employed workers in retail trade . . . . . . Self-employed workers, except retail trade . 9,982 8,180 936 866 10,289 8,513 858 916 7,676 6,263 656 757 7,813 6,429 604 2,222 1,839 2,368 56 780 107 1,985 251 133 51 4 1 57 2 5 Sales workers Retail trade Other industries . . 6,039 3,355 2.684 6,337 3,436 2,901 2,999 960 2,0 39 3, 159 1,031 2/129 2,308 1,730 577 2,460 239 204 34 16,780 4,710 12,070 17,356 4,772 3, 142 12,051 76 3,066 4,260 7,791 12,572 4,325 8,247 289 12,584 3,165 77 3,088 30,600 3(1,654 22,991 23,510 5,031 Craft and kindred workers Carpenters Construction craft, except carpenters Mechanics and repairers Metal craft Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified • All other 12,208 1,260 2,498 3,306 1,172 12,597 1,259 2,510 3,361 1,322 11,210 1,179 2,39 3 3,140 1,106 1 1 , 415 1,187 2,380 3,151 1,230 1,615 2,357 1,707 2,438 1,461 1,929 Operatives, except transport Durable goods manufacturing . . . Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries 10,441 4,755 3,347 2,338 10,863 4,944 3,535 2,383 3,539 2,965 574 4,413 807 1,012 2,593 12,616 White-collar worken . Professional and technical Health workers Teachers, except college Other professional and technical Clerical workers Stenographers', typists, and secretaries Other clerical workers Blue-collar workers Transport equipment operatives Drivers, motor vehicles All other .. Nonfarm laborers . Construction . . . Manufacturing . , Other industries . Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household . Food service workers Protective service workers All other 6,231 223 184 39 494 460 34 49 5 459 36 283 267 5 262 1,276 366 910 1,374 36 5 1,009 5,476 2,176 2,202 403 535 3 10 34 32 675 6 27 53 48 426 76 93 458 65 96 130 30 152 44 37 2 1 1 2 1,516 1,951 138 318 182 356 13 82 9 92 4 28 5,646 3,930 1,245 1,372 5,835 3,0 20 1,384 1,432 3,874 1,421 1,866 4,097 1,589 1,916 592 641 239 101 300 260 94 103 63 289 98 587 660 211 133 316 3,617 3,088 529 3,107 2,588 520 3,122 233 30 1 2J7 145 24 9 7 1 24 18 21 189 153 37 169 281 16 4,577 834 1,146 3,137 673 854 388 10 2,597 3,028 646 760 1,622 12,942 3,777 1,272 11,344 4,119 1,338 5,887 1,180 11,762 4,249 1,407 6 , 106 2,426 2,459 1,392 20 3,757 747 1,210 2,644 477 1,610 3,921 11 3,909 742 1,257 1,762 698 1,910 126 251 239 6,625 6,843 948 910 1,266 981 5,644 2,105 110 3,429 927 5,916 2,231 11 937 13 897 567 26 3 04 260 299 343 121 3,564 1,034 809 225 1,045 828 217 59 1 567 24 901 148 113 639 666 579 16 342 934 137 131 178 3 13 81 1,006 687 2 317 76 114 6 22 598 24 222 84 138 228 94 135 49 1 6 5 38 133 58 6 134 7 14 83 1,268 228 1,040 70 8 3 329 37 19 19 1,279 466 25 213 1,901 1,414 6 402 16 147 1,298 Farm laborers and supervisors Paid workers Unpaid family workers 97 18 25 54 44 42 1 1,890 Farmers and farm managers 13 55 27 26 276 1,800 Farm workers 12 97 13 9 194 143 51 2 160 110 49 26 15 11 35 26 9 37 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-22. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race [Percent distribution] Occupation and race Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 D«c. 1977 D«c. 1976 Dec 1977 Dec. 1979 92,623 100.0 95,936 100.0 54,524 100.0 55,668 100.0 38,099 100.0 40,239 100*0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . . Sales workers Clerical workers 50.7 15.3 10.8 6.5 18.1 50.9 15.5 10* 7 6.6 18. 1 41.3 14.9 14.2 5.9 6.3 41.4 15.0 14.1 6. 1 6.1 64.2 15.9 5.9 7.4 35.0 64.1 16*1 4.0 7.3 34.7 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 33.0 13.2 11.3 3.8 4.8 33.0 13.1 11.3 3.8 4. 8 46.2 21.3 11.6 6.0 7.2 46.2 21.3 11.6 5.9 7.3 14.3 1.5 10.9 .6 1.3 14.8 1.8 10.9 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 13.6 1.4 12.2 13. 5 1 -2 12.3 8.7 .1 8.6 8.7 (D 8.6 20.7 3*3 17.5 20.2 2.9 17.3 2.6 1.5 1.1 2.6 1.5 1, 1 3.9 2.4 1.4 3.7 2.3 1.4 .9 .2 .7 .9 .3 .7 82,375 100.0 85, 133 100.0 49,070 100.0 49,976 100.0 33,304 100.0 35,158 100.0 TOTAL Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers 8nd supervisors . . .k 1*3 Whit* Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Sales workers Clerical workers 52.4 15.6 11.6 7.0 18.2 52. 6 15.9 11.5 7. 1 18.2 42.8 15.4 15.2 6.3 6.0 43.1 15.6 15.0 6.5 5.9 66.6 16.1 6.3 8.0 36.2 66.3 16.3 6.4 7.9 35.6 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 32.6 13.7 10.9 3.7 32.6 13.7 10.8 3.6 4.4 45.4 21.9 11.3 5.7 6.5 45.4 22.0 11.2 5.6 6.6 13.8 1.6 10.3 .7 1.3 14.3 1.9 10.3 •8 1.2 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 12.3 1.0 11.3 12.2 .9 11.3 7.9 (1) 7.9 7.8 (D 7.7 18.8 2.5 16.3 18.5 2.2 16.3 2.7 1.6 1.0 2. 6 1.6 1.0 3.9 2.6 1.3 3.7 2.5 1*2 .9 .2 .7 1.0 .3 .7 10,249 100.0 10,773 100.0 5,453 100.0 5,692 100.0 4,795 100.0 5,081 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Sales workers Clerical workers 36.9 12.6 4.3 2.7 17.3 37.4 12.3 4.9 3.0 17.3 27.6 10.5 5.3 2.7 9.2 26.8 10.0 6.7 2.4 7.7 47.5 15. 1 3. 1 2.6 26.7 49.4 14.9 3.0 3.6 27.9 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 36.5 9.2 14.4 4.8 8.1 36.6 8.9 15.2 4.9 7.7 53.3 16.5 14.0 8.8 14.0 52.9 15.6 15.5 8.5 13.2 17.4 .9 14.7 .4 1.4 38.3 1.3 14.8 .8 1.5 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 24.3 4.2 20.2 23.7 3.6 20. 1 15.6 .2 15.4 16.5 .1 16.4 34*3 8.7 25.6 31.8 7.5 24.3 2.3 .4 1.8 2.3 -5 1.8 3.6 .7 2.8 .1 .7 .5 .2 .3 Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and-supervisors Black and other Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 38 3.9 .8 3. 1. HOUSEHOLD DATA A-23. Employed persons by cless of worker, age, and sex [In thousands] December 1971 Age and sex Waft and salary workers Unpaid workers Self employed Waft and salary workers Serf Employed Unpaid family workers Total Private Household workers 85,984 7,344 2,960 4,385 13,035 23,146 16,238 (14,450 9,706 6,090 3,617 2,062 1,338 270 206 64 83 157 140 253 245 133 111 191 15,572 530 175 355 1,554 4,495 3,470 3,103 2,084 1,323 762 336 69,073 6,545 2,580 3,965 11,397 18,496 12,628 11,095 7,377 4,634 2,744 1,535 6,506 109 43 65 305 1,430 1,499 1,429 1,156 664 492 579 427 22 9 13 22 77 110 116 53 40 13 27 4,226 174 76 98 217 305 197 154 130 70 60 50 1,534 29 11 18 82 258 265 3 06 347 190 157 247 231 59 3(1 27 21 35 42 40 22 18 4 12 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 48,553 3,668 1,464 2,204 6,847 13,411 9,376 8,373 5,698 3,550 2,148 1,180 138 45 41 4 11 8 8 9 25 16 9 33 7,783 228 72 155 626 2,178 1,790 1,630 1,131 723 408 200 40,633 3,395 1,350 2,045 6,210 11,225 7,578 6,735 4,542 2,811 1,730 947 4,632 63 19 44 202 977 1,066 1,046 865 517 348 413 24 14 6 8 6 1 1,400 25 9 17 75 237 226 292 315 166 149 229 74 50 25 25 17 2 2 2 986 135 63 72 170 251 163 115 107 59 48 45 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 37,431 3,677 1,496 2,180 6,188 9,737 6,862 6,077 4,008 2,539 1,469 882 1,200 225 165 61 73 149 132 244 220 117 102 158 7,789 302 102 200 928 2,317 1,680 1,473 953 599 353 136 28,441 3,149 1,230 1,920 5,187 7,271 5,050 4,360 2,836 1,822 1,013 588 1,875 46 24 22 103 453 434 383 291 147 144 166 40 3 8 3 5 16 76 110 115 53 38 15 24 240 39 14 25 47 54 34 36 23 11 12 5 134 3 2 1 7 21 38 14 32 24 8 18 Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years . . . 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years . . . . 65 years and over . .. Government Other 1 2 , — 2 157 9 6 3 4 33 39 40 22 17 4 9 A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation [In thousands] December 1978 White-collar workers Service workers BltM-collar workers Industry Total employed Professional and technical workers Managers and adminis- Sales workers Clerical workers except' farm Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives 51 238 3,354 4,296 2,814 1,482 32 250 286 8,479 4,944 3,535 36 41 200 791 380 412 209 21 834 1,146 702 445 1,349 1,478 323 1,155 132 965 167 798 1,529 744 389 355 444 1,293 250 1,043 122 1,428 — 1,428 281 2 685 2 683 30 227 9 218 49 61 446 (100 346 121 Nonfarm riivati household workers Other service workers Farm workers Total, 16 years and over: 2,990 6,003 21,692 13,054 8,837 Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration 71 137 9 53 2,207 1,454 753 33 84 716 1,531 676 655 15 2 22 447 170 278 6,315 19,844 3,645 16,199 Agriculture Mining Construction 561 392 125 267 583 3,734 745 2,988 59 4,352 916 3,436 1,460 3,501 5,480 27,600 1,390 26,230 4,903 270 10,147 18 10,129 931 1,050 1,907 1,268 168 2,489 4,991 879 . . .... 69 91 403 2,556 1,458 1,098 693 2,808 10 1,907 652 168 4 4,981 1,796 — — 1,180 1,180 — 14 14 35 438 257 180 199 3,385 36 3,349 218 6,421 71 6,350 1,040 2,459 — --_ .- — — ---- 39 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex (In thousands] Nonagricultural industries All industries Wage and salary workers1 Total Raason not working Paid abs«nees2 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1978 Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 1,701 192 63 8 1,470 182 657 192 141 872 631 896 468 319 109 844 444 326 73 924 74 336 514 7 39 83 345 311 471 213 191 67 778 119 301 359 730 99 312 320 3,771 946 1,306 510 172 838 3,395 950 1,345 228 64 808 3,598 920 1,281 439 17 2 786 3,201 922 1,30 3 158 65 754 1,372 649 530 Males, 16 year and over Vacation Illness . .. All other reasons? 2,313 618 7 53 941 2,003 595 790 618 2, 152 595 733 824 1,832 572 752 509 Females, 16 years and over . . . . Vacation Illness All other reason$3 1,459 327 552 579 1,392 355 &55 482 1,446 325 548 57 2 1,369 350 552 467 474 181 210 84 Excludes private household. Dec. 1977 (1,313 656 517 Total, 16 years and over Vacation Illness Bad weather . .. Industrial dispute All other reasons 1 Unpaid ab»noe»2 3|ncludes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately. 2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons. A-26. Persons at work by type o1 industry and hours of work December 1978 Thousands of persons Hours of work All industries Nonagricultural industries Agriculture All industries Nonagricultural industries Agriourture 92,511 89,715 2,796 100.0 100.0 100.0 1-34 hours 1-4 hours 5-14 hours 15-29 hours 30-34 hours 22,280 713 4,314 11,333 5,920 21,386 662 4,088 10,890 •5,746 893 51 225 443 174 24.1 4.7 12.3 6.4 23.8 .7 4.6 12.1 6.4 31.9 1.8 8.0 15.8 6.2 35 hours and over 35-39 hours 40 hours 41 hours and over 41 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 60 hours and over 70,231 6,450 37,824 25,957 10,370 8,958 6,629 68,329 6,320 37,335 24,674 10,120 8,600 5,954 1,903 130 4 89 1,284 251 358 675 75.9 7.0 40.9 28.1 11.2 9.7 7.2 76.2 7.0 41.6 27.5 11.3 9.6 6.6 68.1 4.6 17.5 45.9 9.0 12*8 24.1 38.9 38.8 42.4 43.2 43.1 49.8 Total, 16 years and over ... Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules 40 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-27. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours [Numbers in thousand] December 1978 Reason for working less than 35 hours Usually Usually work part time parttim* 22,280 15,516 21,386 6,378 15,009 1,303 1,017 67 128 91 1,749 525 2,868 1,377 1,173 888 65 1,695 489 1,224 128 91 1,206 1128 91 19,229 Other reasons Does notwant, or unavailable for, full-time work Vacation Illness Bad /eather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 6,764 3,052 1,542 67 128 91 1,224 Total, 16 years and over. Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment . . New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only part-time work 5,462 13,767 11,671 18,518 11,314 5,204 664 176 664 1,958 988 14 71 65 11,671 677 2,162 1,162 14 72 1,364 2,107 677 1,986 1,162 14 72 23.0 26.2 20.1 18.6 848 5,072 Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons . . Other reasons . . . . 1,364 556 2, 119 988 14 71 1,334 2,015 21.3 20.8 Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 1,551 487 2,861 361 2,211 1,206 13,314 99,314 161 1,510 1*334 505 21.5 20.8 23.4 26.3 20.2 18. 7 808 4,938 454 2,780 354 2*158 A-28. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Full- or part-time status Industry Average hours. total at work On full-time schedules Total at work Total, 16 years and over' Wage and salary workers On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours Average hours, workers on full-time 49 hours or more 89,715 2,868 13,314 73,533 48,859 10,120 14,554 38.8 83,150 2,545 12,160 68,445 46,630 9,542 12,273 3 8*5 38.5 40.3 43. 1 4,597 203 240 4,154 3,119 413 622 Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods 20,833 12,402 8,431 512 177 335 686 295 391 12,916 7,70 4 5,211 3,416 2,126 1,291 3,303 2,100 1,203 41.6 42.2 40.7 42.8 43 lO 42.5 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,742 17,403 4,919 114 431 698 94 512 3,463 7,267 3,130 658 4,697 19,635 11,930 7,705 5, 197 12,006 4,313 2,010 549 1,076 2,731 634 41.2 36.4 38.6 43.5 43.9 41.3 Service industries Private households All other industries Public administration 24,099 1,288 22,811 4,746 872 169 703 41 5,339 696 4,643 244 17,888 423 17,465 4,461 12,961 294 12,667 3,329 1,852 38 1,814 519 3,075 91 2,984 613 36.1 23.3 36.8 40.5 42.3 43.3 42.3 41.9 6,138 427 306 17 1,004 150 4,828 260 2,093 136 540 38 2,195 42.2 37.2 48.8 46.9 Construction Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 86 Includes mining, not shown separately. 41 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status (Numbers in thousands] December 1978 Sex, age, race, and marital status On part time for economic On onfuN-tfa* parttimt TOTAL Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . . 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 89,715 12,266 7,294 2,938 4,356 82,421 12,948 69,473 41,231 25,741 2,500 51,376 6,199 3,645 1,440 2,205 47,731 6,8 26 40,905 24, 156 15,270 1,479 38,339 2,868 659 379 99 281 2,489 601 1,888 1,113 668 109 1,232 314 184 57 127 1,04 7 273 773 478 250 45 1,637 344 194 42 154 1,441 328 1,114 13,314 4,979 4,004 2,512 1,491 9,310 1,832 7,478 3,830 2,443 1,205 4,080 2,279 1,860 1,188 672 2,220 727 1,492 432 399 662 73,533 6,628 2,911 327 2,584 70,€22 10,515 60, 107 36,288 22,630 1, 186 46,064 3,60 6 1,601 195 1,406 44,464 5,826 38,640 23,246 48,859 5,050 2,234 277 1,956 46,626 7,502 39,123 23,2 01 15,117 803 27,135 2,522 1,145 167 976 25,992 3,729 22,263 14,621 772 13,021 8,729 512 27,468 3,022 21,724 1,312 132 1,177 1,092 110 979 24,674 1,578 677 50 628 23,996 3,013 20,984 13,087 7,513 383 18,929 1,084 456 28 430 18,472 2,097 16,377 10,225 5,892 260 38.8 30.0 26.2 18.2 31.6 39.9 37.7 40.3 40.8 40.5 29.4 43.1 40.8 40.3 37.5 40.7 43.2 41.9 43.4 43.5 43.2 42.9 41.8 31.7 27.7 19.1 33.4 42.9 39.6 43.5 44.2 • 3.5 31.1 44.5 41.8 41.3 38.0 41.7 44.6 43.0 44.8 45.1 44.5 43.2 40.7 39.6 39.1 36.8 39.4 40.8 40.4 40.8 40.8 40.9 42.3 17,075 10,472 1,021 416 64 9,234 2,700 2, 143 1,324 820 7,090 1,105 5,986 3,398 2,044 543 White Males Females 79,670 46,173 33,496 2,358 1,025 1,333 12,144 3,67<l 8,473 65,168 41,477 23,690 42,237 23,704 18,533 22,931 17,773 5,157 38.9 42.1 34.5 43.3 44.7 40.8 Black and other Males Females 10,045 5,203 4,843 511 207 304 1,170 409 761 8,364 4,587 3,778 6,621 3,431 3,191 1,743 1,156 587 37*6 39.4 35.6 4142 42.1 40.1 36,033 3,989 11,354 604 135 493 1, 165 195 2,720 3 4,264 3,65 9 8,141 19,298 2,282 5,555 14,966 1,377 2,586 43.8 42.1 35.5 45 . 0 44 . 2 42 . 4 21,527 7,214 9,598 857 347 431 5,164 1,062 3,007 15,506 5,80 5 6,160 12,431 4,451 4,846 3,075 1,354 1,314 34.7 37.2 32.4 40 . 4 41 . 3 40 . 8 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,066 3,649 1,498 2,151 34,690 6,122 28,567 635 26,159 4,689 20,635 3,772 21,467 13,042 8,012 414 16,860 10,178 291 1,622 123 34.6 28.3 24.6 17.3 29.7 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.9 36.9 26.9 2,529 6,390 5,744 493 220 22 198 5,524 917 4,607 2,864 RACE MARITAL STATUS Males, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present . . ^ Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Females, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 42 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and tax [Numbers in thousands] December 1978 On full-time scn«dul« OcCUpVtiOflBI QTOUp 3TtQ M X On part time 90,212 2,892 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 47,468 14,455 9,988 6,105 16,921 909 250 68 180 412 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 30,254 12,065 10,424 3,434 4,331 Service workers Private household Other service workers 12,490 Total, 16 years and over On valuntary part time 13,400 40 hours or ! • » 73,920 49 hours or more 41 to 48 hours 49,102 10,154 14,664 36.8 40.0 25,672 8,051 4,356 2,522| 1 0, 743 | 5,059 1,615 1,461 572 8,867 2,874 3,718 1,212 1,062 39.6 40.4 46.5 36.7 35.8 43.6 43.7 47.7 44.1 40.3 1,250 321 491 158 280 2, 150 415 628 342 765 26,854l 11,32 9 9,305 2,934 17, 82 9 I 7,265 : 6,534 I 1,566| 2,466 | 4,312 1,847 1,556 494 415 4,713 2,217 1,215 874 405 40.1 41.4 39.9 41.4 35.5 42.6 42.8 42.0 45.3 40.8 1,137 11,353 733 140 592 4,289 620 3,669 7,468 | 377 ! 7,092| 32.4 23.3 33.3 42. 1 42.8 42.1 41.9 41.6 44. 1 43.3 47.9 42.4 39.0 46. 1 45.2 48.7 45.7 42.3 40.8 41.7 41.5 42.6 35.4 43.0 42.9 43.2 45.4 40.7 653 36.6 17.4 36.7 43.9 34.7 43. 9 3,286 5,601 | 27 1 j 5, 331 | 51,730 1,254 4, 114 46,362 27,308 | White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 22,475 8,182 7,683 3,290 3,32 0 228 86 55 32 54 1,484 511 175 388 410 20,763 7,585 7,453 2,870 2,856 10,856 4,370 3, 107 1,432 1,946 2,968 1,027 1,089 412 441 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 24,576 11,366 6,236 3 , 118 3,656 867 301 187 127 252 1,499 313 305 203 677 22,210 10,752 5,744 2,788 2,927 14,166 6,858 3,658 1,468 2,184 3,676 1,745 1,076 477 377 4,679 22 4,657 159 4 155 1, 13 1 12 1,120 3,389 6 2,286 5 2,280 450 1 449 Service workers Private household Other service workers Females, 16 years and over White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers | i ! i | 6,939 2, 188 3,257 1,026 469 | I ! j | 4, 368 2,149 1,010 843 366 I 3,382 653 38,482 1,639 9,286 27,557 21,792 3,060 2,705 34.6 37.4 24,993 6,272 2,305 2,815 13,601 681 164 14 148 357 5,478 1, 154 210 1,231 2,88 3 16,834 4,954 2,081 1,436 10,361 14,814 3,680 1,248 1,089 8,797 2,091 588 372 160 971 1,929 686 461 187 593 35.5 36.7 41.9 30.1 35.0 40.8 41.5 44.2 40.8 39.7 5,678 698 651 102 323 136 88 4,643 576 3,56 1 148 359 3,662 405 2,876 100 282 636 101 480 17 38 345 70 205 31 39 37.0 37.5 37.5 29.6 36. 1 40. 41. 40. 42. 41. 3,316 264 3,052 333 27 306 431 78 353 29.9 23.5 31.0 43.7 43.0 40.5 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 4, 188 316 475 384 20 304 30 28 Service workers Private household Other service workers 7,811 1,114 6,697 574 137 437 Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules 6,96 1 39,598 1, 665 12,540 385 9,53 5 1,619 4,306 3,29 3 j 13,216 783 ! 1,084 28 I 78 755 | 1,006 ! 7,094 11,960 Males, 16 years and over Average hours, total at work 3,157 608 2,549 4,080 369 3,711 43 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-31. Employment status of 14-16 year-olds by sex and race [Numbers in thousands] D«ce»ber 1978 Employment status Not in labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work All other reasons 3,959 6,750 709 636 20 510 122 16.8 616 72 10.2 1,351 1, 194 111 1,083 157 11.6 681 578 91 487 103 15*1 3,379 8 61 3,250 44 3, 150 3 54 5,399 43 115 Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 726 604 93 6,629 52 6,456 6 Civilian noninstitutional population 2,763 7 2,703 3 50 8,063 1,434 1,240 113 1,127 194 13.5 4,104 3,306 3 5,251 6 99 3,444 3,306 1,313 660 670 616 83 46 2 44 37 25 2 24 37 20 596 54 8.1 44.6 2,636 36 39 21 20 18 (D (D 1,230 9 1,205 616 16 2,548 3 49 653 11 2 603 614 8 602 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation December 1978 Characteristics Percent distribution Thousands of persons CLASS OF WORKER 1,240 Total Nonagricultural industries Wage a n d salary w o r k e r s . . . . . . . Private h o u s e h o l d w o r k e r s Government workers . . . . O t h e r wage a n d salary w o r k Self-employed workers . . . . Unpaid family workers . . . . Agriculture 604 636 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,127 1,044 425 39 580 74 9 113 510 449 616 595 66 84.6 74.5 10.9 3.5 97.2 93.8 56.5 31 358 18 218 18 3 20 9 1 9 90.8 84. 1 34.2 3. 1 46.7 . . . 66 Self-employed workers . . . . Unpaid family workers . . . . 8 40 Wage a n d salary w o r k e r s 21 362 56 5 93 56 6 5.3 .6 3.2 .8 15.4 9.3 1.0 5.1 2.8 34.4 2.8 .5 3.2 1.4 .2 1.4 6.0 .7 9.1 60.0 9.3 OCCUPATION 1,240 604 636 100.0 100.0 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . Sales workers Clerical workers 296 13 186 110 6 23.9 1.0 30.7 1.3 17*3 213 71 157 22 56 49 17.2 5.7 25.9 3.6 8.8 7.7 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers . . . . Operatives, except transport . . . Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 155 5 134 5 32 20 22.1 .8 5.3 1.0 15.2 3.1 12 12.5 .4 3.2 .5 8.4 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers . . . 681 395 286 193 157 489 359 130 54.9 31.8 23.0 31.8 5.9 25.9 76.8 56.4 20.4 Farm workers Farmers and farm managers . . . Farm laborers and supervisors . . 108 8 100 91 7 84 18 1 16 8.7 8.1 15.0 1.2 13.9 .2 2.5 Total 44 40 6 104 6 92 36 8 .6 .9 1.3 1.9 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted iNunriD6rs in tnoussnds] 1977 1978 Employment status Bee. Jan. P€b. Har. Apr. Hay Jane July Aug Sept. Oct. Dec. TOTAL Total noninstitutional population ' . . Armed Forces l * Civilian noninstitutional population ! . .1 Civilian labor force | Percent of civilian population . Employed ; Percent of total population.. .! Agriculture j Nonagricultural industries i Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 159,736 159,937 160,128 160,313 160,504 160,713 160,928 161,146 161,348 161,570 161,829 162,033 162,250 2,124 2,129 2,121 2,122 2,113 2,118 2,098 2,116 2,122 2,123 2,117 2,108 2,122 157,608 157,816 158,004 158,190 158,386 158,601 158,830 159,032 159,226 159,447 159,707 159,916 160,142 98,748 99,215 99,139 99,435 99,767 100,109 100,504 100,622 100,663 100,974 101,077 101,628 101,867 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.9 63.1 63.0 63.3 63.3 63.3 63.6 63.6 63.3 63.2 92,561 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855 57.9 58.1 58.1 58.2 58.4 58.5 58.8 58.6 58.8 59.1 58.7 58.9 59. 1 3,304 3,280 3,334 3,363 3,274 3,243 3,424 3,377 3,351 3,406 3,374 3,275 3,387 89,257 89,560 89,767 89,948 90,430 90,710 91,216 91,069 91,372 91,604 91,867 92,476 92,468 6,187 6,292 6,153 6,092 6,063 6,156 5,864 5,964 6,176 5,836 5,877 6,012 5,940 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 58,860 58,601 58,865 58,755 58,619 58,492 58,326 58,410 58,563 58,473 58,630 58,288 58,275 Males, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population ' Civilian noninstitutional population ' . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Notin labor force 68,052 66,364 53,001 79.9 50,614 74.4 2,339 48,275 2.387 4.5 13,363 68,148 66,467 53,169 80.0 50,705 74.4 2,389 48,316 2,464 4.6 13,298 68,240 66,556 53,161 79.9 50,785 74.4 2,310 48,475 2,376 4.5 13,395 68,327 66,645 53,235 79.9 50,841 74.4 2,320 48,521 2,394 4.5 13,410 68,419 66,740 53,276 79.8 50,997 74.5 2,309 48,688 2,279 4.3 13,464 68,519 66,845 53,383 79.9 51,119 74.6 2,324 48,795 2,264 4.2 13,462 68,623 66,947 53,449 79.8 51,337 74.6 2,406 48,931 2,112 4.0 13,498 68,729 67,039 53,401 79.7 51,214 74.5 2,396 48,818 2,187 4.1 13,638 68,827 67,127 53,396 79.5 51,215 74.4 2,357 48,858 2,181 4.1 13,731 68,937 67,236 53,459 79.5 51,287 74.4 2,409 48,878 2,172 4.1 13,777 69,081 67,382 53,593 79.5 51,448 74.5 2,363 49,085 2,145 4.0 13,789 69,182 67,486 53,938 79.9 51,825 74.9 2,337 49,488 2,113 3.9 13,548 69,288 67,600 54,033 79.9 51,838 74.8 2,403 49,435 2,195 4.1 13,567 74,883 74,783 36,428 48.7 34,066 45.5 540 33,526 2,362 6.5 38,355 74,991 74,892 36,646 48.9 34,358 45.8 547 33,811 2,288 6.2 38,246 75,095 74,996 36,652 48.9 34,540 46.0 601 33,939 2,112 5.8 38,344 75,196 75,093 36,847 49. 1 34,678 46.1 621 34,057 2,169 5.9 38,246 75,300 75,198 37,085 49.3 34,874 46.3 600 34,274 2,211 6.0 38,113^ 75,412 75,310 37,208 49.4 34,886 46.3 536 34,350 2,322 6.2 36,102 75,527 75,643 75,422 75,537 37,392 37,573 49.6 49.7 35,098 35,160 46.5 46.5 608 593 34,490 34,567 2,294 2,413 6.1 6.4 38,030 »37,964 75,753 75,645 37,543 49.6 35,312 46.6 581 34,731 2,231 5.9 38,102 75,873 75,764 37,921 50.1 35,691 47.0 597 35,094 2,230 5.9 37,843 75,998 75,889 37,860 49.9 35,726 47.0 587 35,139 2,134 5.6 38,029 76,110 76,001 38,095 50.1 35,887 47.2 571 35,316 2,208 5.8 37,906 76,227 76,119 38,217 50.2 35,990 47.2 591 35,399 2,227 5.8 37,902 16,802 16,460 9,319 56.6 7,881 46.9 425 7,456 1,438 15.4 7,141 16,798 16,457 9,400 57.1 7,860 46.8 427 7,433 1,540 16.4 7,057 16,794 16,453 9,326 56.7 7,722 46.0 369 7,353 1,604 17.2 7,127 16,790 16,452 9,353 56.9 7,763 46.2 393 7,370 1,590 17.0 7,099 16,785 16,449 9,406 57.2 7,833 46.7 365 7,468 1,573 16.7 7,043 16,782 16,446 9,518 57.9 7,948 47.4 383 7,565 1,570 16.5 6,928 16,779 16,461 9,663 58.7 8,205 48.9 410 7,795 1,458 15.1 6,798 16,776 16,455 9,648 58.6 8,072 48.1 388 7,684 1,576 16.3 6,807 16,768 16,455 9,724 59.1 8,196 48.9 413 7,783 1,528 15.7 6,731 16,760 16,446 9,594 58-3 8,032 47.9 400 7,632 1,562 16.3 6,852 16,750 16,436 9,624 58.6 8,067 48.2 424 7,643 1,557 16.2 6,812 16,741 16,429 9,595 58.4 8,039 48.0 367 7,672 1,556 16.2 6,834 16,734 16,422 9,617 58.6 8,027 48.0 393 7,634 1,590 16.5 6,805 Females, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population ' Civilian noninstitutional population ! . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population . . . Agriculture Nonagribultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force Both sexes, 16-19 years Total noninstitutional population ! Civilian noninstitutional population l . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population . . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 1 The p o p u l a t i o n and A r m e d variations. Forces figures are n o t adjusted f o r seasonal NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A-43 will not necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 45 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1977 Full- and part-time employment status Dec. 1978 Jan. Feb. Bar. Apr. July May Aug. Sept. Oct. Mov. Dec. FULLTIME Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 83,920 84,389 7 9 r 0 5 1 79,440 4,869 5.8 4,949 5.9 14,782 13,488 1,294 8.8 14,805 13,464 1,341 9.1 84,628 84,842 84,957 79,850 80,175 4,836 4,782 4,778 5.7 79,649 85,965 85,894 86,030 85,899 86,185 81,436 81,004 81,389 81,247 81,680 4,641 4,529 4,505 4,890 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.2 86,391 8.6,631 £1,900 82,034 4,491 4,597 5. 5.3 14,880 15,106 13,481 13,717 1,399 1,389 14,506 13,206 1,300 9.2 9.0 84,485 80,166 4,676 5.5 5.6 5.6 4,652 5.4 PART TIME Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 14,712 13,452 1,260 8.6 14,782 13,388 1,394 9.4 9.4 14,749 13,431 1,318 8.9 14,720 13,436 1,284 8.7 14,952 13,635 1,317 8.8 14,996 13,642 1,354 9.0 15,150 13,800 1,350 8. 15,205 13,802 1,403 9.2 Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 89 ,468 85 ,013 4 ,455 5.0 89,747 85,125 4,622 5.2 48 ,103 46 ,477 1 ,626 3.4 48,202 46,492 1,710 NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work. A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1977 1978 Characteristics Dec. Jan. Feb. Bar. Apr. flay June July Aug. WHITE Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 87 , 0 6 5 82 ,350 4 ,715 5.4 87 ,474 87,423 82 ,661 82,718 4 ,813 4,705 5.5 5.4 87 ,554 82 ,902 4 ,652 5.3 8 7 ,902 8 8 ,168 83 ,303 83 ,499 4 ,599 4 ,669 5.2 5.3 47 , 3 9 2 45 ,510 1,882 4.0 47 ,468 45 ,568 1 ,900 4.0 47 ,525 45 ,649 1 ,876 3.9 47 ,577 47 ,668 47 ,810 45 ,837 45 ,915 46 ,144 1 ,740 1 ,666 1 ,753 3.7 3.5 3.7 47 ,710 45 ,992 1 ,718 3.6 4 7 ,707 47 ,684 45 ,996 45 ,968 1 ,711 1 ,716 3.6 3.6 47 ,791 46 ,098 1 ,693 3.5 Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 31 ,376 29 ,589 1 ,787 5.7 3 1 ,612 31,619 31 ,701 3 1 ,955 32 ,055 32 ,214 32 ,343 29 ,855 29,979 30 ,123 3 0 ,279 3 0 ,303 3 0 ,490 30 ,565 1 ,757 1,640 1 ,578 1,676 1 ,724 1 ,752 1 ,778 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 32 ,265 3 2 ,602 30 ,574 30 ,912 1 ,691 1 ,690 5.2 5.2 32 ,677 32 ,809 32,981 31 ,074 3 1 , 1 6 1 31,287 1 ,603 1 ,648 1,694 4.9 5.0 5.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8 ,297 7 ,251 1 ,046 12.6 8 ,394 7 ,238 1 ,156 13.8 8,312 7,099 1,213 14.6 8 ,328 7 ,130 1 ,198 14.4 Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 11 ,708 10 ,237 1 ,471 12.6 11 ,725 10 ,226 1 ,499 12.8 11,773 10,369 1,404 11.9 11 ,852 10 ,372 1 ,480 12.5 Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force 5 ,638 Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5 ,134 504 8. 9 5 ,666 5 ,120 546 9.6 5,652 5,154 498 8.8 5 ,688 5 ,189 499 8.8 5 ,665 5 ,158 507 8.9 5, r713 5 ,208 505 8.8 5 r045 4 ,471 574 11.4 5 ,049 4 r 489 560 11.1 5,080 4,571 509 10.0 5 r 126 4 r546 580 11.3 5 ,114 ,572 542 10.6 1 f 025 632 393 38.3 1 r 010 617 393 38.9 1,041 644 397 38.1 1 PO38 637 401 38.6 1,,023 661 362 35.4 Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 47,492 45,640 1,852 3.9 8 ,370 7 ,187 1 ,183 14. 1 88 ,626 88 ,503 84 ,171 83 ,857 4 ,455 4 ,646 5.0 5.2 8 8 ,655 84 ,060 4 ,595 5.2 88 ,862 8 9 ,067 84 ,250 84 ,565 4 ,612 4 ,502 5.2 5.1 3.5 8 ,602 7 ,537 1 ,065 12.4 8 ,450 7 ,300 1 ,150 13.6 8 ,683 7 ,490 1 ,193 13.7 8 ,576 7 ,370 1 ,206 14.1 8 ,599 7 ,393 1 ,206 14.0 8 ,556 7 ,375 1 , 181 13.8 8,564 7,346 1,218 14.2 1 1 ,802 1 1 - 9 0 6 11 ,974 10 ,391 10 r 437 10 .537 1 ,437 1 ,411 1 . 469 12.0 12.3 12.0 12 ,010 10 ,533 1 ,477 12.3 11 ,994 10 ,616 1 ,378 11.5 12 ,084 10 .721 1 ,363 11.3 \2 ,122 10 ,7 49 1 ,373 11.3 12 ,163 10 ,746 1 ,417 11.7 12,153 10,758 1,395 11.5 5 ,721 5 ,250 471 8.2 5 ,703 5 ,228 475 8.3 5 ,692 5 ,195 497 8.7 5 ,759 5 ,286 473 8.2 5 ,808 5 ,327 481 8.3 5 ,829 5 ,345 484 8.3 5,86 7 5,376 491 8.4 5 , 142 4, 580 562 10.9 5 ,191 4 ,615 576 11.1 5 ,172 4 ,580 592 11.4 5 ,266 4 ,722 544 10.3 5 ,287 4 ,759 528 10.0 5 ,277 4 ,743 534 10.1 5 ,266 4, ,723 543 10.3 5,224 4,691 533 10.2 1. 051 649 402 38.2 1 r 062 672 390 36.7 1 ,135 725 410 36.1 1 ,036 699 337 32.5 1 ,038 676 362 34.9 1 ,037 679 358 34.5 1,068 678 390 36~5 1,062 691 371 34.9 8 r 445 7 ,281 1 r164 13.8 BLACK AND OTHER Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 46 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted [Unemployment rates] 1977 1978 Soltctvd cstoQorits Jan. Feb. Mar. June Apr. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec CHARACTERISTICS 6.3 4.5 6.5 15.4 6.3 4.6 6.2 16.4 6.1 4.5 5.8 17.2 6.2 4.5 5.9 17.0 6.1 4.3 6.0 16.7 6.1 4.2 6.2 16.5 5.8 4.0 6.1 15. 1 6.1 4.1 6.4 16-3 5.9 4.1 5.9 15.7 5.9 4.1 5.9 16.3 5.8 4.0 5.6 16.2 5.8 3.9 5.8 16.2 5.9 4. 1 5.8 16.5 5.4 12.6 5.5 12.8 5.4 11.9 5.3 12.5 5.2 12.0 5.3 12.3 5.0 12.0 5.2 12.3 5.2 11.5 5.2 11.3 5.1 11.3 5.0 11.7 5.2 11.5 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who head families 3.1 6.1 7.8 3.1 5.7 8.2 2.9 5.3 7.7 3.0 5.2 8.7 2.8 5.1 10.1 2.9 6.0 9.3 2.7 5.6 8.8 2.7 5.5 9.8 2.8 5.6. 8.0 2.6 5.5 8.0 2.6 5.3 7.5 2.4 5.5 7.7 2.5 5.6 7.7 Full-time workers Part-time workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over' Labor force time lost 2 5.8 8.8 1.7 6.9 5.9 9.1 1.7 6.8 5.7 8.6 1.6 6.6 5.6 9.4 1.5 6.7 5.5 9.4 1.5 6.5 5.6 9.2 1.4 6.6 5.3 9.0 1.3 6.5 5.7 8.9 1.3 6.8 5.4 8.7 1.2 6.5 5.4 8.8 1.3 6.4 5.2 9.0 1.3 6.2 5.2 8.9 1.2 6.2 5.3 9.2 1.2 6.2 3/. 9 2.7 2.5 4.7 5.4 7.0 5.1 8.1 5.5 10.7 7.7 4.1 3.7 2.7 2.5 3.9 5.1 7.3 5.3 8.4 5.4 11.0 7.6 3.9 3.6 2.5 1.9 4.4 5.1 7.2 5.0 8.3 5.1 11.3 7.2 4. 1 3.5 2.6 2.2 4.4 4.6 7.2 5.0 8.2 5.3 11.7 7.7 4.5 3.6 2.5 2.0 4.3 5.1 6.7 4.4 8-0 5.5 10.3 7.7 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.1 4.5 5.3 6.7 4.4 8.4 5.6 8.8 7.6 3.6 3.6 2-5 1.9 4.4 5.1 6.6 4.3 8.1 4.9 10.2 7.2 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.2 4.3 5.3 6.7 4.0 8.2 5.7 10.6 7.4 3.9 3.5 2.6 1.9 4.1 4.9 6.9 4.5 8.8 5.6 9-7 7.1 3.6 3-5 2.6 2.2 4.3 4.7 6.8 4.7 8. 1 5.2 10.5 7.4 3.9 3.3 2.8 1.8 4. 1 4.2 6.8 4.9 7.6 4.8 11.0 7-1 4.6 3.2 2.4 2.2 3.1 4.5 6.4 4.0 7.5 4.2 11.6 7.4 3.2 3.5 3.0 1.9 3.6 4.6 6.8 4.7 7.7 5.3 11.0 7.7 3.4 6.2 10.7 5.6 5.5 5.7 4.6 7.2 5-4 4.2 9.5 6.3 11.5 5.7 5.3 6.3 4.3 7.2 5.4 4.2 9.0 6.1 11.2 5.8 5. 1 6.7 3.3 7.2 5.2 3.5 9.7 6.1 11.0 5.6 5.0 6.4 3.9 7.3 5.2 3.8 9.7 5.9 9.8 5.4 4-5 6.5 3.8 7.1 5.2 3.9 7.9 6.0 9.6 5.7 5.1 t.5 3.9 6.9 5.2 4.0 7.9 5.7 9.5 5.6 4.9 6.6 3.9 6.4 4.8 4.0 8.4 6.0 9.6 5.5 5.0 6.3 4.1 6.8 5.4 4.1 9.6 5.8 9.4 5.6 5.4 5.8 3.8 6.5 5.2 3.6 8.7 5.8 10.6 5.3 4.8 6.1 3.6 6.7 5.1 3.9 8.7 5.6 11.2 5.6 10.8 5.1 4.6 5.8 3.3 6.5 5-0 3.9 7.9 5.8 12.1 5.0 4.4 6,0 3.3 6.8 5.1 4.0 7.7 Total (all civilian workers) Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over Both texes, 16-19 years White Black and other OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . . Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers INDUSTRY Nonagriculturai private wage and salary workers 3 . Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force. 2 as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons A-37. 5. 1 4.6 6.0 3.4 6.7 4.6 3.9 9.5 Includes mining, not shown separately. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers In thousands) 1978 1977 Weeks of unemployment Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. flay June July Aug. 2.645 1,913 1,648 813 2,742 1,903 1,641 838 2,649 1,880 1,559 894 2,789 1,909 1,488 787 2,747 1,856 1,486 809 2,862 1,842 1,404 723 2,967 1,873 1,314 668 646 2,795 1,895 1,234 625 609 Oct. Nov. Dec. 2 # 783 1,861 1,268 663 605 2,719 1,789 1,317 732 585 2,833 1,774 1,196 685 511 2,876 1,979 1,208 726 482 Sept. DURATION Both sexes, 16 years and over: 835 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 803 665 701 677 681 2,772 1,908 1,266 674 592 13. 7 6.8 Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 13.0 6.5 12.6 7.1 12-4 6.2 12.4 5.9 12,. 2 5.3 12.0 6.0 11.8 6.0 11.4 6.0 11.5 5.9 11.8 5.9 11.0 5.4 10.7 5.6 100.0 42. 6 30. 8 26.6 13. 1 13. 5 100.0 43.6 30.3 26.1 13.3 12.8 100.0 43.5 30.9 25,. 6 ?4.7 10.9 100.0 45.1 30.9 24.1 12.7 11.3 100.0 45.1 30.5 24.4 13.3 11. 1 100.0 46.9 30.2 23.0 11.8 11.1 100.0 46.6 32.1 21.3 11.3 10.0 100.0 4b.2 30.4 21.4 10.9 10.5 100.0 47.2 32.0 20.8 10.6 10.3 100.0 47.1 31.5 21.4 11.2 10.2 100.0 46.7 30.7 22.6 12.6 10.0 100.0 48.8 30.6 20.6 11.8 6.8 100-0 47.4 32.6 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Last than 5 weeks 6 to 14 WMks 16 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over. .... 19.9 12.0 7.9 47 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A - 3 8 . Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 1977 1978 Sex and age Dec. Ian 'eb. Bar. Apr. Hay Jane July Aug. Sept Oct. HOY. Dec. 6.3 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . . IB to 19 years . . . 20 to 24 years 26 years and over . . 25 to 54 years . . 55 years and over 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 15.4 17.8 13.7 10.1 4.4 4.5 3.9 Total, 16 years and over. 16.4 18.7 14.6 10.5 4.3 4.4 3.5 17.2 20.5 14.9 10.1 4.0 4.2 3.3 17.0 20.1 15.0 10.2 4.0 4.3 3.2 16.7 19.6 14.4 10.0 4.0 4.2 3.2 16.5 19.1 14.6 9.1 4.2 4.5 3.3 15.1 17.1 13.4 9.4 3.9 4.1 3.2 16.3 20.0 13.9 9.9 4.1 4.3 3.2 15.7 18.6 13.5 9.0 4.1 4.3 3.0 16.3 19.2 14.0 9.3 4.0 4.1 3.3 16.2 19.2 14.0 8.6 3.9 4.2 3.0 16.2 19.3 14.0 9.0 3.8 4.0 2.9 16.5 20.2 13.8 9.3 3.9 4.2 2.9 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 16.9 16.7 20.8 20.2 14.1 14.1 10. 1 10.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.2 16.3 19.5 13.4 9.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 15.3 18.4 13.1 8.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 13.7 16.8 12.0 8.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 15.4 18.6 13.0 8.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 14.8 17.7 12.5 8.8 3.3 3.5 2.9 15.5 19.1 12.6 8.6 3.3 3.4 3.0 16.1 19.9 13.2 8.5 3.3 3.4 2.8 15.9 20.1 12.7 8.5 3.1 3.2 2.5 16.7 20.7 13.6 8.9 3.2 3.4 2.6 5.4 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . . IB to 19 years . . . 20 to 24 years . . . . 25 years and over . . 25 to 64 years . . 55 years and over 5.6 15.0 16.6 13.7 9.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Main, 16 yean and over.. 15.6 18.1 13.6 10.4 3.6 3.6 3.3 7.5 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.9 6.9 16.0 19.2 13.7 10.7 5.5 5.8 4.3 Females, 16 years and over. 17.3 19.5 15.8 10.5 5.3 5.6 3.9 17.6 20.1 15.8 10.0 4.8 5.2 3.3 17.4 19.9 15.9 10.4 4.9 5.3 3.2 17.2 19.7 15.5 10.8 4.9 5.3 3.1 17.8 20.0 16.2 10.5 5.4 5.9 3.2 16.6 17.6 15.0 10.5 5.1 5.6 3.2 17.4 21.6 14.8 11.0 5.4 5.8 2.9 16.8 19.7 14.6 9.2 5.2 5.6 3.2 17.1 19.4 15.6 10.1 4.9 5.2 3.8 16.3 18.4 14.8 8.7 4.9 5.2 3.3 16.5 18.3 15.5 9.6 4.9 5.2 3.5 16.3 19.6 14. 1 9.7 5.0 5.3 3.3 A - 3 9 . Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted INumbers in thousands] 1977 1978 Reason for unemployment Dec. Jan. Feb. Bar. Apr. Bay Jane Jaly Aug. 2,681 69 1 1,990 852 1,857 827 2.711 742 1,969 861 1,812 915 2,589 719 1,870 896 1,802 880 2,562 691 1,871 858 1,878 912 2,556 637 1,919 877 1,750 905 2,614 701 1,913 828 1,793 892 2,379 636 1,743 853 1,785 816 2,536 696 1,840 855 1,870 871 2,459 700 1,759 840 1,743 875 2,362 683 1,679 849 1,930 816 2,456 644 1,812 812 1,721 825 2,372 746 1,626 825 1,754 872 2,442 715 1,727 871 1,937 826 100.0 43.1 11. 1 32.0 13.7 29.9 13.3 100.0 43.0 11.8 31.3 13.7 28.8 14.5 100.0 42.0 11.7 30.3 14.5 29.2 14.3 100.0 41.3 11.1 30.1 13.8 30.2 14.7 100.0 42.0 10.5 31.5 14.4 28.7 14.9 100.0 42.7 11.4 31.2 13.5 29.3 14.6 100.0 40.8 10.9 29.9 14.6 30.6 14.0 100.0 41.4 11.4 30.0 13.9 30.5 14.2 100.0 41.6 11.8 29.7 14.2 29.5 14.8 100.0 39.7 11.5 28.2 14.3 32.4 13.7 100.0 42.2 11.1 31.2 14.0 29.6 14.2 100.0 40.7 12.8 27.9 14.2 30.1 15.0 100.0 40.2 11.8 28.4 14.3 31.9 13.6 2.7 .9 1.9 .8 2.7 .9 1.8 .9 2.6 .9 1.8 .9 2.6 .9 1.9 .9 2.6 .9 1.8 .9 2.6 .8 1.8 .9 2.4 .8 1.8 .8 2.5 .8 1.9 .9 2.4 .8 1.7 .9 2.3 .8 1.9 .8 2.4 .8 1.7 .8 2.3 .8 1.7 .9 2.4 .9 1.9 Sept. Oct. NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Both sexes, 16 years and over: Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 48 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [In thousandsl t977 1978 Sexanda«e 0«c. Jan. Feb. Bar. Apr. Totel. 16 years and over 92,561 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 16 to 10 years 16to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,881 3,226 4,651 13,158 71,521 57,584 13,975 7,860 3,215 4,661 13,196 71,875 57,906 13,965 7,722 3,158 4,605 13,193 72,142 58,126 14,016 7,763 3,145 4,601 13,222 72,276 58,261 14,014 7,833 3,222 4,643 13,385 72,497 58,395 14,107 Males, 16 years and over 54,922 54,992 54,943 55,042 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,308 1,806 2,492 7,176 43,454 34,785 6,689 4,287 1,785 2,506 7,159 43,554 34,937 8,629 4,158 1,723 2,463 7,139 43,641 3 4,949 8,676 4,201 1,759 2,448 7,200 43,622 34,957 8,676 37,639 37,931 38,104 3,573 1,420 2,159 5,982 28,067 22,799 5,286 3,573 1,430 2,155 6,037 28,321 22,969 5,336 3,564 1,435 2,142 6,054 28,501 23,177 5,340 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Jane July Aug. Sept. Oct. Hov. Dec. 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855 7,948 3,282 4,665 13,432 72,557 58,378 14,107 8,205 3,365 4,789 13,532 72,879 58,645 14,239 8,072 3,287 4,736 13,483 72,922 58,789 14,148 8,196 3,370 4,814 13,626 72,761 58,750 14,114 8,032 3,293 4,749 13,666 73,332 59,191 14,124 8,067 3,308 4,773 13,773 73,530 59,329 14,137 8,039 3,276 4,783 13,701 73,976 59,630 14,340 8,027 3,300 4,730 13,760 74,070 59,781 14,327 55,184 55,372 55,766 55,531 55,580 55,594 55,754 56,096 56,072 4,187 1,738 2,481 7,306 43,699 35,019 8,676 4,253 1,778 2,455 7,348 43,772 35,046 8,702 4,429 1,831 2,558 7,371 43,934 35,121 8,601 4,317 1,766 2,520 7,304 43,894 35,183 8,721 4,365 1,810 2,562 7,378 43,807 35,087 8,719 4,307 1,775 2,549 7,378 43,950 35,237 8,711 4,306 1,751 2,558 7,432 44,026 35,261 8,760 4,271 1,734 2,559 7,478 44,340 35,481 8,867 4,234 1,744 2,494 7,443 44,411 35,560 8,872 38,240 38,520 38,581 38,874 38,915 39,143 39,416 39,487 39,655 39,783 3,562 1,386 2,153 6,022 28,654 23,304 5,338 3,646 1,484 2,162 6,079 28,798 23 f 376 5,431 3,695 1,504 2,210 6,084 28,785 23,332 5,405 3,776 1,534 2,231 6,161 28,945 23,524 5,438 3,755 1,521 2,216 6,179 29,028 23,606 5,427 3,831 1,560 2,252 6,248 28,954 23,663 5,395 3,725 1,518 2,200 6,288 29,382 23,954 5,413 3,761 1,557 2,215 6,341 29,504 24,068 5,377 3,768 1,542 2,224 6,223 29,636 24,149 5,473 3,793 1,556 2,236 6,317 29,659 24,221 5,455 Hay A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1977 Sex and age Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over. . . Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years . . . . . 55 years and over. . . Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over . . . Dec. 1978 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec. 6,187 6,292 6,092 6 ,153 6 ,063 6,156 5,864 6. 176 5,940 5 ,964 5 . 836 5. 877 6,012 1,438 1,540 1,604 1,458 813 806 777 796 1,543 3,205 2,685 1,477 2,992 2,532 1,351 3,215 2,740 1,399 2,991 2,538 561 511 476 474 464 436 1 , 557 786 775 1 , 298 3 , 015 2 , 569 438 1#59C 1,483 3,257 2,715 1 ,562 783 773 1 ,399 3 ,025 2 ,553 478 1 , 556 696 742 576 824 763 1 , 479 3 , 152 2 , 648 465 1,528 740 797 1 ,573 785 779 1 ,482 3 ,016 2 ,536 470 1,570 698 740 1 ,590 790 810 1 ,501 3 ,044 2 ,611 459 781 778 1 361 2W9 5 1 2 , 514 428 3,146 3,256 3,221 3 ,235 3 ,096 3,032 2,816 2 , 971 2,937 2 ,965 2, 971 2 , 923 3,044 759 360 396 766 792 394 393 832 845 453 403 802 841 445 402 800 817 421 383 747 768 401 370 640 704 369 348 679 784 404 793 418 367 696 1,618 1,302 1,618 1,316 1,551 1,261 1,575 1,286 1,426 1,145 1,506 1,256 1 .495 297 291 1 ,533 1 ,223 299 296 286 257 265 826 436 390 693 1r 505 1 , 237 253 810 436 371 699 1 , 413 1 , 188 230 849 455 391 730 326 1 ,582 1 ,304 283 712 1 , 4 87 185 305 756 389 367 708 3,041 3,036 2,871 2 ,918 2 ,967 3,124 3,048 3 , 205 3,003 2, r 999 2 , 865 2 , 954 2,968 679 338 344 717 748 346 404 711 759 360 403 675 749 345 408 701 756 364 396 735 802 376 426 711 754 327 394 720 772 383 384 635 1,639 1,413 1,587 1,369 1,441 1,271 1,565 1,3 93 185 1 ,483 1 ,313 171 1,640 1,454 214 178 178 769 365 406 703 530 325 213 731 350 385 605 1 , 510 1 , 332 185 746 345 407 662 1 , 538 1 , 326 198 741 379 368 676 235 1 ,462 1 ,307 176 792 420 385 767 1 , 665 463 1, 160 3 78 772 751 1,343 3,088 2,660 1,582 1,404 179 1,228 834 759 1,406 3,015 2,615 424 1,469 1,249 235 1,546 1,366 189 49 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1977 1978 Selected categories Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec CHARACTERISTICS Total, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present 92,56 1 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855 38.653 38.653 38,677 38,459 38,575 38,596 38,621 38,635 38,534 38,782 38,806 38,944 39,039 21,412 21,567 21,704 21,672 21,713 21,694 21,749 21,837 21,737 22,133 22,194 22,274 22,297 OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers ,205 46,481 46,582 46,763 46,795 46,885 47,225 47,276 47,325 47,550 47,713 47,888 48,04G ,947 14,041 14,062 14,087 14,186 14,356 14,318 14,249 14,246 14,182 14,307 14,297 14,629 ,913 ,814 ,531 ,880 ,215 ,459 10,047 5,897 16,496 30,855 12,112 10,649 ,556 ,650 ,650 ,789 3,631 3,529 3,539 3,508 3,501 3,487 3,429 3,573 3,581 3,640 3,640 4,638 4,634 4,761 4,938 4,700 4,698 4,779 4,709 4,671 4,739 4,825 12,681 12,723 12,666 12,814 12,838 12,987 12,803 12,866 12,754 12,951 13,009 13,007 2,858 2,784 2,799 2,726 2,708 2,874 2,797 2,794 2,855 2,821 2,739 2,826 10,116 5,836 16,568 31,140 12,181 10,690 10,136 5,939 16,601 31,085 12,181 10,741 10,184 5,856 16,569 31,452 12,277 10,875 9,972 5,903 16,654 31,477 12,233 10,798 10,146 5,922 16,839 31,554 12,429 10,924 10,212 5,992 16,823 31,282 12,220 10,877 10,180 5,892 17,007 31,506 12,557 10,741 10,062 5,898 17,408 31,891 12,628 10,981 9,968 5,986 17,452 31,986 12,556 11, 178 10,030 6,192 17,369 32,202 12,646 11,177 10,217 6,092 17,102 31,962 12,610 10,887 3,449 4,645 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,384 1,603 345 1,394 1,603 338 1,366 1,595 322 1,398 1,558 382 1,406 1,555 295 1,434 1,577 250 1,443 1,664 328 1,386 1,641 340 1,423 1,611 319 1,442 1,648 307 1,423 1,638 323 1,424 1,563 293 1,478 1,625 318 82,646 82,905 83,054 83,150 83,622 84,016 84,456 84,064 84,508 84,786 85,363 85,578 85,579 15,368 15,275 15,253 15,213 15,324 15,238 15,255 15,184 15,275 15,336 15,387 15,373 15,360 67,278 67,630 67,801 67,937 68,298 68,778 69,201 68,880 69,233 69,450 69,976 70,205 70,219 1,429 1,416 1,401 1,300 1,395 1,410 1,370 1,371 1,368 1,361 1,315 1,335 1,316 65,849 66,214 66,400 66,637 66,903 67,368 67,831 67,509 67,865 68,089 68,661 68,870 68,903 6,187 6,238 6,260 6,389 6,443 6,274 6,216 6,216 6,219 6,224 6,314 6,370 6,515 455 456 482 488 499 497 466 485 449 470 453 455 460 PERSONS AT WORK 1 Nonagricultural industries Full-time schedules Part-time for economic reasons Usually work full-time Usually work part-time Part-time for noneconomic reasons 83,556 83,573 84,096 84,434 85,797 85,401 86,011 86,102 86,350 86,329 86,511 86,653 87,046 68,542 68,862 69,211 69,495 70,481 70,090 70,723 70,929 71,205 71,085 71,318 71,394 71,787 3,208 3,045 3,203 3,184 3,310 3,247 3,433 3,316 3,298 3,203 3,164 3,131 3,058 1,246 1,962 1,109 1,936 1,160 2,043 1,238 1,946 1,211 2,036 1,409 2,024 1,347 1,969 1,350 1,948 1,283 1,920 1,167 1,997 1,279 1,852 1,209 1,849 11,806 11,666 11,682 11,755 12,006 12,064 11,855 11,857 11,847 12,041 12,029 12,128 12,201 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. 50 1,231 2,079 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 39 years of age [Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Employment status Dec. 1977 Dec. 1978 HOT. 1978 Dec. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 Dec. 1978 VETERANS 1 Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,620 6,307 5,966 341 5.4 6,363 6,073 5,795 278 4.6 6,336 6,071 5,739 332 5.5 6,620 6,315 5,972 343 5.4 6,461 6,182 5,807 375 6.1 6,440 6,114 5,819 295 4.8 6,391 6,065 5,775 290 4.8 6,363 6,058 5,767 291 4.8 6,336 6,079 5,746 333 5.5 844 743 656 87 11.7 664 593 529 64 10.8 653 589 489 100 17.0 844 746 661 85 11.4 736 669 577 92 13.8 722 619 555 64 10.3 676 590 535 55 9.3 664 583 516 67 11.5 653 592 494 98 16.6 2,618 2,478 2,337 141 5.7 2,175 2,079 1,956 123 5.9 2,148 2,059 1,941 118 5.7 2,618 2,493 2,344 149 6.0 2,297 2,152 2,000 152 7.1 2,256 2,128 1,979 149 7.0 2,203 2,079 1,940 139 6.7 2,175 2,073 1,942 131 6.3 2,148 2,074 1,949 125 6.0 3,158 3,086 2,973 113 3.7 3,524 3,401 3,310 91 2.7 3,535 3,423 3,309 114 3.3 3,158 3,076 2,967 109 3.5 3,428 3,361 3,230 131 3.9 3,462 3,367 3,285 82 2.4 3,512 3,396 3,300 96 2.8 3,524 3,402 3,309 93 2.7 3,535 3,413 3,303 110 3.2 914 892 868 24 2.7 1,299 1,258 1,229 29 2.3 1,335 1,294 1,256 38 2.9 914 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,167 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,199 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,263 N.A. 1,299 N.A. N.A. 1,335 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 18,218 16,301 15,202 1,099 6.7 18,808 17,040 16, 127 913 5.4 18,880 17,048 16,063 985 5.8 18,218 16,473 15,346 1,127 6.8 18,583 16,819 15,856 963 5.7 18,654 16,913 15,936 977 5.8 18,733 16,939 15,960 979 5.8 18,808 17,128 16,140 988 5.8 18,880 17,225 16,219 1,006 5.8 8,437 7,041 6,403 638 9.1 8,451 7,182 6,641 541 7.5 8,459 7,129 6,577 552 7.7 8,437 7,206 6,527 679 9.4 8,417 7,195 6,603 592 8.2 8,426 7,214 6,619 595 8.2 8,441 7,260 6,673 587 8.1 8,451 7,307 6,722 585 8.0 8,459 7,291 6,708 583 8.0 5,781 5,450 5,161 289 5.3 6,338 6,001 5,749 252 4.2 6,379 6,036 5,727 309 5.1 5,781 5,451 5,170 281 5.2 6,172 5,864 5,598 266 4.5 6,227 5,899 5,649 250 4.2 6,295 5,916 5,653 263 4.4 6,338 5,973 5,703 270 4.5 6,379 6,040 5,738 302 5.0 4, 000 3,810 3,638 172 4.5 4,019 3,857 3,737 120 3. 1 4,042 3,883 3,759 124 3.2 4,000 3,816 3,649 167 4.4 3,994 3,760 3,655 105 2.8 4,001 3,800 3,668 132 3.5 3,997 3,763 3,634 129 3.4 4,019 3,848 3,715 133 3.5 4,042 3,894 3,773 121 3. 1 3,491 3,360 3,246 114 3.4 3,654 3,49 5 3,406 89 2.5 3,666 3,511 3,408 103 2.9 3,491 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,635 N.A. 3,645 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,645 N.A. 3,654 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3,666 N.A. 20 to 24 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 35 to 39 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate N.A. N.A. fi.A. H.A. NONVETERANS Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 20 to 24 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 35 to 39 years: Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 1 2 Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers N.A. N.A. N.A. appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. N.A. = not available. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 51 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1975 1976 1977 1978 Employment status II III If II III I? TOTAL Total noninstitutional population l Armed Forcesi Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 154,477 155,115 155,717 2,141 2, 144 2,159 152,319 152,971 153,576 93,081 93,735 94,453 61.5 61.1 61.3 85,379 86,506 87,299 56.1 55.3 55.8 3,324 3,307 3,296 82,073 83,210 83,975 7, 154 7,702 7,230 7-6 8.3 7.7 156,368 156,990 157,582 2,144 2,147 2,136 154,224 154,843 155,446 95,205 95,583 96,248 61.7 61.7 61.9 87,660 88,191 89,070 56.2 56.2 56.5 3,309 3,253 3, 170 84,552 84,937 65,900 7,345 7,392 7,178 7.7 7.7 7.5 158,223 158,898 159,531 160,126 160,715 161,355 162,037 2,135 2,132 2,130 2,110 2,120 2,122 2,115 156,094 156,764 157,399 158,004 158,605 159,235 159,922 97,106 97,607 98,538 99,263 100,127 100,753 101,524 62.3 62.6 62.2 62.8 63.1 63.3 63.5 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 95,616 57.2 57.7 57.0 58.1 58.6 58.7 59.0 3,300 3,202 3,302 3,326 3,314 3,378 3,345 86,857 87,697 88,744 89,758 90,785 91,348 92,270 6,708 6,949 6,492 5,908 6,179 6,028 6,027 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.0 Males, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population 1 Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 65,543 63,828 50,973 79.9 47,585 72.6 2,379 45,206 3,388 6.6 65,827 64,139 51,076 79.6 48,061 73.0 2,366 45,695 3,015 5.9 66,090 64,400 5 1,397 79.8 48,404 73.2 2,402 46,002 2,993 5.8 66,385 64,690 51,672 79.9 48,633 73.3 2,363 46,271 3,038 5.9 66,711 65,014 51,888 79.8 4 8,786 73.1 67,023 67,321 67,641 49,156 73.3 79.8 65,635 52,293 79.7 49,538 73.6 2,295 46,490 3,103 6.0 2,259 46,897 2,973 5.7 47,210 2,755 5.3 65,949 52,448 79.5 49,843 73.7 2,304 47,539 2,605 5.0 73,468 73,746 74,079 73,984 65,338 52,129 2,329 67,951 66,261 52,891 79.8 68,238 66,556 53,188 79.9 50,777 74.4 2,340 50,397 74.2 2,335 48,062 2,494 4.7 48,437 2,411 4.5 74,770 74,671 75,094 74,9911 68,520 66,844 53,369 68,831 67,134 53,419 79.8 79.6 51, 151 51,239 7*1.7 74.4 2,346 2,387 48,805 46,851 2,180 2,218 4.1 4.2 69,184 67,489 53,855 79.8 51,704 74.7 2,368 49,336 2,151 4.0 Females, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population 1 Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 72,214 72,140 33,341 46.2 30,739 42.6 2,601 7.8 72,535 72,456 72,839 72,754 33,749 46.6 34,065 46.8 31,236 43.1 2,513 7.4 31,607 43.4 2,458 7.2 73,169 73,080 34,510 47.2 31,898 43.6 2,612 7.6 73,378 34,735 47.3 32,153 43.8 2,582 7.4 73,653 35,045 47.6 32,521 44.1 2,525 7.2 44.6 74,429 74,331 35,842 48.2 33,373 44.8 2,499 7.0 2,469 6.9 36,277 48.6 33,835 45.3 2,442 6.7 16,823 16,475 9,255 16,828 16,484 9,316 16,810 16,468 9,371 56.2 7,559 44.9 1,696 56.5 56.9 7,814 35,559 48.1 33,060 75,413 75,310 37,228 49.4 34,953 46.3 36,715 16,794 16,454 16,782 16,452 9,360 56.9 9,529 46.3 7,995 47.6 49.0 34,525 46.0 2,190 6.0 2,276 6.1 76,112 76,003 37,679 38,057 49.8 50. 1 35,388 35,868 46.7 47.1 2,291 2,190 6. 1 5.8 75,756 75,649 Both sexes, 16-19 years Total noninstitutional population 1 Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 16,720 16,351 8,768 53.6 7,055 42.2 1,713 19.5 16,754 16,788 16,422 8,991 8,910 54.4 54.7 7,209 7,288 43.0 43.4 1,701 1,703 19. 1 18.9 16,376 16,815 16,454 9,024 54.8 7,329 43.6 1,694 18.8 16,812 16,451 16,813 16,454 8,960 54.5 7,252 9,073 43.1 1,707 19.1 55. 1 7,393 44.0 1,680 18.5 18.3 7,682 45.7 1,634 17.5 46.5 1,556 16.6 7,782 1,578 16.9 57.9 1,534 16.1 16,768 16,452 9,655 58.7 8,100 48.3 1,555 16.1 16,742 16,429 9,612 58.5 8,044 48.0 1,568 16.3 White Total noninstitutional population 1 Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 136,104 136,611 137,087 134,302 134,823 13 5,303 82,464 82,946 83,595 61.4 61.5 61.8 76,206 77,159 77,862 56.0 6,259 7.6 56.5 5,787 7.0 137,602 138,105 138,574 139,084 139,620 140,107 140,568 141,028 141,526 142,034 135,823 136,326 136,812 137,333 137,870 138,364 138,839 139,323 139,822 140,336 84,294 84,582 85,149 85,923 86,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427 62.1 62.2 62.6 63.4 63.7 62.0 62.5 62.9 63.0 63.3 78,342 78,640 79,417 80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901 56.8 56.9 56.9 57.8 59.4 59.8 57.3 58.6 58,.9 58.0 59.3 5,733 5,952 5,497 5,942 4,618 4,526 5,732 5,189 4,977 4,723 4,574 7.1 6.9 6.7 7.0 6.4 5.7 5.4 5. 1 6.0 5.2 5.2 Black and other Total noninstitutional population 1 Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ... Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population . Employed Percent of total population . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 18,374 18,017 10,663 59.2 9,199 50. 1 1,463 13.7 18,504 18,148 10,759 59.3 9,334 50.4 1,425 13.2 18,630 18,766 18,401 10,918 59.3 9,437 50.7 1,409 13.0 9,496 50.6 18,273 10,846 59.4 1,421 13.0 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations. 52 18,885 18,517 11,046 19,008 18,634 11,099 19,139 18,761 11,186 19,279 18,894 11,334 59.6 59.6 9,663 59.6 9,745 50.9 9,807 9,580 50.7 1,466 13.3 50.8 1,437 12.9 1,441 12.9 60.0 50.9 1,527 13.5 19,424 19,035 11,564 60.8 10,035 51.7 1,529 13.2 19,557 19,164 11,783 61.5 10,322 52.8 1,461 12.4 19,687 19,282 11,894 61.7 10,455 53.1 1,439 12.1 19,829 19,413 12,029 62.0 10,623 53.6 1,406 NOTE: Detail for tne household data shown in tables A-44 through A-53 and A-60 will not necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 11.7 20,003 19,585 12,146 62.0 10,751 53.7 1,395 11.5 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1975 Full- and part-time employment status, sex, and age IY 1976 I II 1977 III IY I II 1978 III IY I I I III IY FULLTIME Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 79 , 6 5 0 80 ,056 80 ,580 81 ,003 8 1 ,595 82 ,007 82 ,723 8 3 ,205 8 3 ,761 84 ,501 65 ,255 85 ,941 86 ,402 73 . 3 1 3 74 ,240 74 ,805 75 ,092 75,615 76 .341 77 ,227 77 ,842 78 ,644 79 ,646 80 ,592 81 ,213 8 1 , 8 7 1 6 ,338 5 ,815 5 .911 5 ,6(6 5 ,774 5 ,979 5 ,496 5 .117 4 ,854 5 ,363 4 ,662 4 ,531 4 ,728 8.0 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.5 Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 51 ,707 5 1 ,237 5 1 ,572 52 ,025 5 2 ,218 52 ,110 52 ,156 52 ,193 52 ,434 52 ,615 52 ,691 52 ,742 53 , 1 2 7 45 ,313 45 ,751 46 ,052 46 ,300 46 ,411 46 ,705 47 ,089 47 ,337 4 7 ,843 48 ,231 48 ,609 48 ,733 49 , 1 7 0 3 ,197 2 ,743 2 ,863 2 ,760 2 ,904 2 ,702 2 ,534 2 ,296 2 ,428 2 .192 1, 9 7 9 2 ,041 2 ,005 6.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.9 Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate Both sexes, 16—19 years: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 28 ,479 28 .711 28 ( ,886 29 ,094 29 ,479 29 ,654 30 ,030 30.348 30 ,465 30 ,811 3 1 .131 31 ,668 3 1 , 8 1 6 24 ,210 24 ,567 24 ,873 24 ,928 2 5 ,296 25 ,621 25 ,991 26 ,310 26 .575 27 ,232 27 ,520 27,972 28 , 4 6 2 2 .134 2 .072 2 ,083 2 ,019 2 ,007 2 ,092 2 ,017 1,945 1 ,805 2 ,019 1 ,790 1, 6 7 7 1 ,848 8. 1 7.2 7.1 6.8 6. 2 6.2 6.2 5.6 5 .803 3 ,789 1 ,007 21.0 5 ,922 3 ,922 1 ,000 20.3 5,896 3,,881 1,008 20.6 5 ,795 3 ,864 965 20.0 5,877 3 ,909 984 20.1 5 ,909 4 ,015 947 19.1 6 ,033 4 ,147 943 18.5 6 ,027 4,,195 916 17.9 5 ,979 4 ,226 877 17.2 5 ,929 4 ,183 873 17-3 6 .095 4 ,463 816 15-5 6 ,258 4, 509 875 I6-2 5 ,99C 4,240 875 17.1 PART TIME Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 13 , 4 8 1 13 ,672 1 3 , 875 14,263 14, 0 1 3 14 ,257 14 ,362 1 4 , 406 14 ,770 14 ,766 14 ,831 14, 807 15 .117 12 ,086 12 ,279 12. 497 12 ,801 12, 5 9 4 12 ,753 12 ,909 1 3 , 0 4 5 13 ,398 13 ,435 13 ,468 13. 5 0 1 13 ,748 1 ,395 1 , 378 1 ,392 1,462 1,420 1 ,504 1 ,453 1 ,372 1 ,332 1 , 306 1- 3 6 1 1 ,363 1 ,369 10.4 10.2 9.9 10.3 10.5 10.1 10.1 9.4 9.3 9.0 8.8 9.2 9.1 Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 2 ,507 2 ,279 227 9. 1 2 ,530 2 ,304 226 8.9 2. 587 2 . 349 238 9.2 2 , 556 2, 339 217 8.5 2. 5 9 8 2. 380 218 8.4 2 ,683 2 ,450 233 8.7 2 ,667 2 ,437 230 ^8.6 2 . 717 2, 5 1 7 200 7.3 2 ,762 2 ,551 210 7.6 2 ,738 2 ,543 195 7.1 2 ,719 2 ,535 184 6.8 2, 699 2 , 512 188 7<-0 2 ,719 2 ,536 183 6.7 Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 6 ,993 6 ,534 459 6. 6 7 ,163 7, 162 7. 490 6 ,705 458 6 . 709 453 6, 970 520 7, 335 6. 8 6 2 473 7 ,457 6 ,929 529 7 ,527 7 ,045 482 7 . 486 7 , 040 447 7 ,748 7 ,272 476 7 ,733 7 ,311 422 7 ,883 7 ,409 474 7 . 831 7 , 391 440 7 ,918 7 ,434 485 5.6 6.1 Both sexes, 16-19 years: Civilian labor force Employed 1 Unemployed Unemployment rate 3 ,981 3 ,273 709 17.8 3 ,979 3 ,270 709 17.8 4 . 276 3 . 598 678 15.9 4 ,480 3 r 779 701 15.7 4 , 127 3 , 440 687 16.6 4 , 216 3 . 491 725 17 . 2 4, 080 3. 352 728 17.8 4.117 3 ,375 742 18.0 4 ,168 3 ,427 742 17.8 4 , 203 3 , 489 714 17.0 4,261 3 ,574 686 16.1 4 ,295 3 ,580 714 16.6 4 ,229 3 ,524 704 16.7 1 Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work. 53 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-46 Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands) 1975 1976 1977 1978 Characteristics If II III II III If II III If WHITE Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 82,464 82,946 83,595 84,294 84,582 85,149 85,923 66,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427 76,206 77,159 77,862 78,342 78,640 79,417 80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901 6,259 5,787 5,733 5,952 5,942 5,732 5,497 5,189 4,977 4#723 4,574 4,618 4,526 7.0 7.6 6.9 7.1 6.7 7.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.1 Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 45.70 5 45,777 46,073 46,341 46,474 46,603 46,821 46,980 47,332 47,495 47,685 47,700 48,032 42,924 43,371 43,637 43,802 43,947 44,210 44,595 44,934 45,378 45,619 45,965 45,§85 46,356 2,781 2,406 2,436 2,538 2,527 2,392 2,226 2,045 1,955 1,876 1,720 1,715 1,676 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 28,918 29,214 29,470 29,852 30,058 30,358 30,774 30,948 31,311 31,644 32,075 32,403 32,822 26,820 27,203 27,505 27,789 28,016 28,369 28,838 29,046 29,462 29,986 30,357 30,684 31,174 2,098 2,011 1,965 2,063 2,042 1,988 1,936 1,902 1,849 1,658 1,717 1,720 1,648 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 7,842 6,462 1,379 17.6 7,955 6,586 1,370 17.2 8,051 6,720 1,331 16.5 8,102 6,751 1,351 16.7 8,050 6,677 1,373 17.1 8,188 6,837 1,351 16.5 8,328 6,992 1,336 16.0 8,295 7,053 1,242 15.0 8,370 7,197 1,173 14.0 8,345 7,156 1,169 14.2 8,472 7,335 1,137 13.4 8,570 7,387 1,183 13.8 8,573 7,371 1,202 14.0 BLACK AND OTHER Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 54 10,663 10,759 10,846 10,918 11,046 11,099 11,186 11,334 11,564 11,783 11,894 12,029 12,146 9,199 9,334 9,437 9,496 9,580 9,663 9,745 9,807 10,035 10,322 10,455 10,623 10,751 1,463 1,425 1,409 1,421 1,466 1,437 1,441 1,527 1,529 1,461 1,439 1,406 1,395 13.7 13-0 13.2 13.0 13.3 12.9 12.9 13.5 13.2 12.4 12.1 11.7 11.5 , , 5,292 4,666 626 11.8 5,241 4,671 570 10.9 5,340 4,788 552 10.3 5,369 4,823 546 10.2 5,434 4,843 591 10.9 5,487 4,940 547 10.0 5,488 4,963 525 9.6 5,476 4,891 585 10.7 5,573 5,021 552 9.9 5,669 5,154 514 9.1 5,700 5,205 494 6.7 5,718 5,236 482 8.4 5,835 5,349 485 8.3 4,438 3.937 501 11.3 4,562 4,046 515 11,3 4,582 4,064 498 10.9 4,629 4,096 533 11.5 4,688 4,153 535 11.4 4,712 4,159 553 11.7 4,781 4,214 567 11.9 4,859 4,308 551 11.3 4,979 4,392 587 11.8 5,085 4,535 550 10.8 5,149 4,589 560 10.9 5,242 4,687 555 10.. 6 5,256 4,719 537 10-2 933 596 336 36. 1 956 616 340 35.6 924 565 359 38.9 920 577 342 37.2 924 585 339 36.7 900 563 337 37.4 917 568 349 38.0 999 608 391 39.1 1,012 621 391 38.6 1,030 633 397 38.6 1,045 661 385 36.8 1,070 700 370 34.6 1,056 683 373 35.3 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted [Unemployment ratet) 1978 1977 1976 1975 Selected categories IV I II IT III I II III I? I II III IV CHARACTERISTICS 6 0 6.0 4.1 6.1 5.8 4.0 5.8 16.S 6. 1 16.1 16.1 16.3 5.7 13.2 5.4 12.4 5.2 12.1 5.2 11.7 5. 1 11. 5 3.4 6.4 9.7 3.3 6.2 8.8 3.0 5.4 8.2 2.8 5.6 9.4 2.7 5.6 8.6 2.5 5.5 7.7 9.4 1.9 7.4 9.3 1.8 7.2 9.0 1.6 6.7 9.2 1.4 6.5 5.5 8.8 1.3 6.6 5.2 9.1 1.2 6.2 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 5.2 2.7 4.8 2.2 4.2 2.0 4.4 2.1 4.2 2.0 3.6 8 3 5.7 7.2 5.3 7.0 5.0 6.9 4.7 6.7 4.5 6.0 18.6 19.1 18.5 18.3 17.5 16.6 6.9 13.0 7.1 13.0 7.0 13.3 6.7 12.9 6.4 12.9 6.0 13.5 4.2 7.1 10.1 4o2 7.0 9.5 4.3 7.3 10.3 4.2 7.1 10.0 4.0 6.8 9.6 3.6 6.7 9.3 10.2 2.7 8.3 9.9 2.3 8.2 10.3 2.4 8.2 10.1 2.4 8.3 10.5 2.2 8.0 10. 1 2.0 7.6 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 5.5 3.0 5.1 3.4 5.5 3.0 5.3 3.0 5.6 2.9 5.4 5.8 5.9 19.5 19.1 18.9 7.6 13.7 Both sexes 16-19 years Black and other • Married men spouse present . • • Women who head families Full-time workers Part-time workers 6.0 7.4 5.9 7.0 13.2 4.9 7.3 10.2 8. 0 10.4 2.9 8.9 6.6 . . . 4.2 OCCUPATION White-collar workers Managers and administrators, except farm 4.8 3.3 3.0 6.0 3 3 10.9 7.8 12.9 8.9 15.4 6.3 9.4 6.5 9.3 6.6 9.6 6.1 9.4 6.4 8.6 5.8 8.1 5.7 7.9 5.6 7.5 4.9 7.2 5.2 6.7 4.9 6.8 4.5 6.7 6.8 10.8 8.0 13.7 6.9 10.7 7.0 13.4 7.0 10.8 7.8 14.2 6.8 10.8 7.9 13.4 6.2 9.8 7.4 12.9 5.5 9.5 6.5 12.3 5.4 9.6 6.6 11.5 5.2 9.0 5.7 11.3 5.1 8.3 5.3 11.4 4.4 8.2 5.3 9.7 4.4 8.4 5.5 10.3 4.6 7.6 4.8 11.2 8.8 8.9 8.4 8.6 9.0 8.4 8.5 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.4 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.3 5,2 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.8 3.8 8.8 17.4 8^0 15.6 7.7 15.6 8.0 16.4 7.9 14.8 7.5 14.5 7.1 12.8 6.8 11.3 6.6 11.3 6.2 11.2 5.9 9.6 5.9 9.9 9.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.3 8.5 7.8 7.5 8.3 7.1 6.8 7.7 6.6 6.0 7.5 6.7 6.2 7.6 6.2 5.7 6.8 5.7 5.2 6.5 5.5 4.9 6.5 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.7 11.4 5. 1 9.3 8.0 8.1 7.9 5.0 9.1 4.8 8.6 4.9 8.4 5.0 8.8 5.2 8.6 4.9 8.5 4.5 8.1 4.7 7.9 4.6 7.5 3.8 7.2 3.9 6.8 3.8 6.7 6.6 Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Farm workers INDUSTRY Nonagricuttural private wage and salary workers 3 Manufacturing . 10.1 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 Agricultural wage and salary workers 10.9 10.8 11.9 11.5 12.7 12.6 11.8 10.2 9.7 9.5 8.1 9.0 Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons 4.5 5.9 3.3 6.7 4.9 3 9 8.4 as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Im ludes mining, not shown separately. 55 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-48. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1975 1976 1977 1978 Weeks of unemployment IV I II I IV III II I IV III II IV III DURATION toth sexes, 16 years and over: Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks . 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks . 27 weeks and over Average (mean duration, in weeks Median duration in weeks 2,660 2,009 2,541 1,025 1,517 2,811 2,088 2,198 16.2 9.0 100.0 35. 0 29. 1 35. 9 16.0 19.8 . 2,766 2,264 2,735 1,191 1,544 2,951 2,058 1,896 2,796 2,101 1,831 2,773 1,991 1,730 2,727 1,897 1,563 2,794 1,869 1,385 2,848 1,876 1,272 2,809 1,847 1,240 942 844 1,185 1,052 901 929 862 869 840 723 735 650 652 620 714 526 14.8 7.4 14.6 6.9 13.9 7.1 13.6 6.9 12.7 6.6 12.2 5.7 11.6 6.0 11.2 100.0 40.2 30.2 29.6 13.1 16.5 100.0 42.7 29.8 27.5 12.2 15.2 100.0 41.6 31.2 27.2 13.4 13.8 100.0 42.7 30.7 26.6 13.3 13.4 100.0 44.1 30.7 25.3 13.6 11.7 100.0 46.2 30.9 22.9 12.2 10.7 100.0 47.5 31.3 21.2 10.9 10.3 100.0 47.6 31.3 21.0 12. 1 8.9 2,837 2,292 2,294 1,032 1,262 2,887 2,171 2,126 1,311 2,856 2,246 2,299 1,060 1,239 16.5 8.7 15.9 7.9 15.5 7.8 15.2 8.0 100.0 36.9 27.9 35.2 14.2 21.0 100.0 39.6 29.4 31.0 12.5 18.5 100.0 38.6 30.3 31.1 14.3 16.7 100.0 38.2 30.9 30.9 13.9 17.0 887 5.6 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks A 49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 1975 1976 1977 1978 Sex and age IV I II III IV 18.8 21.0 17.3 11.7 19.1 21.4 17.4 12.3 I II III IV 18.5 20.8 16.9 11.5 18.3 20.5 16.7 11.0 17.5 19.8 16.0 10.8 16.6 18.7 15.1 10.3 I II III IV 16.9 19.8 14.8 10.2 16.1 18.6 14.1 16.1 19.3 13.8 9.5 9.4 16.3 19.5 13.9 Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 5.8 19.5 21. 1 18.3 13.4 19. 1 18.9 20.7 21.5 18. 1 17.1 12. 1 11.8 5.9 6.2 4.9 5.4 5.6 4.7 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.6 5.8 4.8 5.5 5.7 4.3 5.2 5.5 4.4 5.0 5.2 4.1 4.8 5.0 3.9 4.6 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 3.3 4. 1 4. 3 19.3 20.5 18.3 14.0 19.3 21. 1 18.2 12.2 19.5 22.1 17.6 11.8 18.7 20.9 17.0 11.8 19.3 21.8 17.4 12.4 18.2 20.3 16.7 11.4 17.7 20.1 16.0 10.8 17.2 19.9 15.2 10.8 15.9 17.8 14.5 5.4 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.7 9.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 16.4 19.7 13.9 10.2 4. 1 9.0 3. 9 4. 1 3.2 4.3 3.2 2.9 15.1 18.2 12.8 15.2 18.5 12.7 16.2 20.2 13. 1 8.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 8.8 3.3 3.4 3.1 8.7 3.2 3.3 2.6 K/laloc I f i v/oarc artH rtupr IVIdlcS, I U ycdlb dl Id UVCI 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 56 9.1 8.7 3.5 3.6 3.2 8.4 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.2 7.3 7.3 6.9 19.8 21.9 18.3 12.7 18.8 20.2 17.8 12. 1 18.3 20.9 16.5 11.8 18.9 21.2 17.5 11.6 18.7 20.9 17.3 12.1 18.9 21.5 17.2 11.7 19.0 21.0 17.4 11.2 17.9 19.6 16.9 10.9 6.4 6.8 4.9 6.2 6.6 4.7 6.7 7.0 5.3 6.4 6.8 4.7 6.2 6.6 4.6 17.4 19.8 15.9 10.3 6.1 6.5 4.6 17. 1 20.3 15.0 10.1 6.0 6.3 4.4 5.8 5.0 5.4 3.5 17.2 19. 1 15.6 10.6 5. 1 16.4 18.7 14.8 6.7 7.1 5.2 17.4 19.7 15.8 10.9 6. 1 4.4 5.6 3.1 5.2 5.6 3.3 9.3 4.9 5. 3 3.4 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 1975 1976 1977 1978 Reason for unemployment I? I II III I? I I I III IV I II III IV NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Both sexes, 16 years and over: 4,123 1,419 2,704 On layoff Other job losers 3,603 1,006 2,597 3,623 1,063 2,560 3,636 1,084 2,552 3,607 1,012 2,595 3,341 3,085 3,048 2,846 917 840 855 763 717 658 693 2,245 702 2,424 2,192 2,063 1,903 1,858 1,759 1,722 2,621 2,516 2,452 2,423 852 827 871 954 880 908 912 864 877 872 853 1,879 1,877 848 1.816 836 1 r 931 1,976 1,869 1,884 1,831 1,776 1,848 1,804 862 860 872 1,953 93 5 1,976 858 953 981 948 871 902 871 854 841 100.0 53.7 18.3 35.4 11.0 24.3 11.0 100.0 50.3 14.0 36.2 11.5 26.2 12.0 100.0 50.5 14.8 35.7 12.2 25.3 12.0 100.0 49.2 14.7 34.5 12.9 26.1 11.8 100.0 48.9 13.7 35.2 11.9 26.5 12.7 100.0 46.5 12.8 33.8 12.7 27.5 13.3 100.0 44.4 12.1 32.3 13.1 28.4 14.1 100.0 45.3 12.7 32.6 12.8 27.8 14.1 100.0 43.9 11.8 32.2 13.5 29.1 13.4 100.0 42.1 11.5 30.6 14.0 29.4 14.5 100.0 41.8 10.9 30.9 14.2 29.5 14.5 100.0 40.9 11.5 29.3 14. 1 30.8 14.2 100.0 41.0 11.9 29.2 14. 2 30.6 14.2 4. 4 .9 2.0 . 9 Reentrants 3.8 .9 2.0 .9 3.8 .9 1.9 .9 3.8 1.0 2.0 .9 3.8 .9 2-0 1.0 3.5 .9 2.1 1.0 3.2 .9 2.0 1.0 3.1 .9 1.9 1.0 2.9 .9 1.9 .9 2.6 .9 1.8 .9 2.5 .9 1.8 .9 2.4 .8 1.8 .8 2.4 .8 1.8 g PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job l o s e r s . . . Job leavers Reentrants New entrants A 51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 1978 1977 1976 1975 Sex and age Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over. . . . Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years . 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over. . . . »$, 16 years and over . 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years . . . . . . 20 to 24 years 25 years and o v e r . . . . . . 25 to 54 years 55 years and over. . . . II IV II III III 85,379 86,506 87,299 87,860 88,191 89 r 070 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 7,055 2,900 4,158 11,716 7,209 2,934 4,273 7,288 2,905 4,373 12,271 7,329 2,968 4,360 12,360 68,150 54,645 7,252 2,894 4,367 7,393 2,980 4,428 7,559 3,038 4,513 12,746 7,682 3,110 7,782 3,173 7,995 8,100 3,317 56,113 13,711 4,551 12,934 70,257 56,590 13,691 7,814 3,207 4,614 13,079 71,177 57,226 13,944 53,659 53,978 4,121 1,688 2,422 4,135 1,711 2,417 1,794 2,475 66,627 12,025 67,270 67,737 13,527 54,941 13,588 52,305 52,569 52,692 3,900 1,578 2,312 3,936 1,630 3,906 1,592 53,803 13,476 54,314 13,397 51,394 51,943 3,809 1,586 3,882 1,599 2,275 6,597 53,212 13,415 2,218 53,136 3,980 1,623 2,366 6,962 54,666 54,992 55,441 55,568 55,974 4,269 4,215 1,756 2,472 4,290 1,782 4,330 1,784 2,544 7,353 43,884 35,169 8,663 8,717 36,920 37,380 38,092 38,658 39,158 39,642 3,547 1,398 3,546 3,566 3,706 3,770 1,533 2,223 3,774 1,552 2,225 7,149 43,255 8,351 34,563 34,994 35,291 35,499 35,934 36,498 3,327 1,335 1,998 5,428 3,387 1,327 3,393 3,346 1,338 1,302 2,053 5,573 3,413 1,357 3,438 1,351 2,092 5,797 8,354 33,985 3,246 1,314 1,940 5,328 25,819 20,707 5,122 2,060 5,539 26,065 21,006 5,046 2,046 5,587 26,294 21,222 5,091 26,590 21,423 5,149 2,062 5,690 26,839 21,725 5, 117 27,259 22,066 5,166 73,859 59,580 14,266 35,062 8,726 7,059 42,779 34,252 8,529 8,373 13,745 58,910 14,129 7,166 43,606 34,948 8,660 42,583 34,047 8,525 6,949 4,622 13.204 72,098 5Q,098 4,766 13,592 73,005 4,270 1,743 2,537 7,451 44,259 35,434 8,833 33,749 8,446 42,191 8,044 3,295 4,762 13,998 33,518 8,439 33,097 25,415 20,364 5,042 2,314 13,563 69,842 6,853 41,944 6,732 4 1,672 33,309 32,849 2,313 12,652 69,030 55,474 95,616 3,290 4,699 13,450 72,644 58,473 14,151 6,773 41,856 33,423 8,436 41,451 6,388 41,211 12,426 68,533 IV 2,133 5,875 27,478 22,338 5,162 34,601 1,413 2,139 5,930 27,922 22,624 5,281 1,417 2,150 6,038 28,492 23,150 5,338 2,498 7,342 43,802 1,507 2,201 6,108 28,843 23,411 5,425 6,238 29,121 23,741 5,412 6,294 29,600 24,146 5,435 57 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1975 1977 1976 1976 Selected categories II ,111 IT II III IY II III I? CHARACTERISTICS Total, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present 85,379 86,506 87,299 87,860 88,191 89,070 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 95,616 37,913 38,013 38,105 38,144 38,009 38,241 38,444 38,361 38,539 38,596 38,597 38,650 38,930 19,862 20,032 20,205 20,419 20,488 20,731 20,908 20,969 21,286 21,648 21,719 21,902 22,255 OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers 42,398 43,074 43,553 43,824 44,293 44,500 44,770 45,318 46,146 46,609 46,968 47,384 47,880 12,894 13,167 13,217 13,433 13,482 13,480 13,561 13,769 13,950 14,063 14,287 14,226 14,411 8,975 5,387 15,142 28,30 6 11,137 9,845 9,132 5,345 15,430 28,716 11,208 10,030 9,313 5,479 15,543 28,951 11,213 10,139 9,340 5,505 15,547 28,978 11,307 10,062 9,465 5,648 15,698 29,172 11,370 10,114 9,516 5,696 15,609 29,801 11,665 10,327 9,520 5,699 15,990 30,154 11,867 10,336 9,697 5,734 16,117 30,273 11,918 10,337 9,906 5,781 16,509 30,609 12,069 10,429 10,100 5,891 16,555 31,027 12,158 10,693 10,101 5,694 16,687 31,494 12,313 10,866 10,151 5,927 17,079 31,560 12,468 10,866 10,072 6,090 17,308 32,050 12,604 11,081 3,220 3,210 3,286 3,283 3,304 3,428 3,485 3,481 3 # 511 3,536 3,516 3,496 3,620 4,104 4,267 4,314 4,327 4,384 4,380 4,466 4,538 4,600 4,639 4,800 4,729 4,745 11,843 11,881 11,985 12,144 11,993 12,095 12,423 12,474 12,571 12,690 12,880 12,808 12,989 2,868 2,833 2,844 2,832 2,780 2,698 2,822 2,710 2,788 2,814 2,769 2,815 2,795 MAJOR INOUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture. Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,276 1,676 359 1,323 1,635 326 1,311 1,658 349 1,317 1,651 343 1,325 1,597 345 1,286 1,535 347 1,324 1,598 372 1,316 1,561 316 75,855 14,617 61,238 1,318 59,920 5,743 515 77,014 14,869 62,145 1,287 60,858 5,665 477 77,894 14,882 63,012 1,357 61,655 5,658 451 78,397 15,098 63,298 1,387 61,912 5,675 444 78,755 14,946 63,810 1,391 62,419 5,753 467 79,545 14,979 64,566 1,357 63,209 5,860 483 80,401 15,040 65,361 1,353 64,008 5,982 509 81,036 15,208 65,828 1,394 64,433 6,051 504 1,393 1,582 342 1,386 1,585 347 1,428 1,599 291 1,417 1,633 322 1,442 1,609 311 82,204 83,036 84,031 84,453 85,507 15,381 15,247 15,272 15,265 15,373 66,823 7,789 68,759 69,188 70,133 1,395 1,372 1,392 1,367 1,322 65,428 6,417 67,367 67,821 68,811 6,126 6,296 6,311 6,220 6,400 469 475 487 468 456 PERSONS AT WORK1 Nonagricultural industries Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Part time for noneconomic reasons 1 77,123 78,318 78,593 79,266 79,901 80,717 81,418 82,579 83,243 84,034 63,267 64,295 64,483 64,936 65,446 66,144 66,889 67,741 68,257 69,189 85,736 86,260 86,737 3,274 3,250 3,210 3,244 3,411 3,350 3,273 3,328 3,230 3,144 70,431 71,073 71,500 3,330 3,272 3,118 1,389 1,321 1,345 1,325 1,271 1,261 1,259 1,273 1,235 1,169 1,284 1,327 1,218 1,885 1,929 1,865 1,919 2,139 2,090 2,014 2,055 1,996 1,975 2,046 1,946 1,899 10,583 10,772 10,900 11,087 11,044 11,222 11,256 11,510 11,755 11,701 11,975 11,915 12,119 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. 58 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A 53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 197 5 1976 1977 1978 Characteristic I? Both sexes, 16 years and over: Total not in labor force Do not want job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance.... Ill health, disability . . . Home responsibilities. . Think cannot get job. . Job-market factors . Personal factors. . . . Other reasons1 II III I? II III IT II III IV 59,238 59,236 59,123 59,019 59,260 59,198 58,988 59,157 58,861 58,741 58,478 58,482 58,398 5 3 . 9 8 1 53,822 53,948 54,561 53,775 53,7S8 53,210 53,244 53,108 53,747 53,252 52,745 53,110 6,384 6,416 6,256 6,736 6,324 6,174 6,153 6,202 6,191 6,255 6,227 6,010 5,964 4,696 4,712 4,835 4,604 4,718 4,525 4,539 4,397 4,508 4,598 4,399 4,633 4,741 31,012 30,964 30,684 30,307 30,651 30,146 30,064 30,049 29,774 29,723 29,351 29,242 31,409 8,317 8,469 8,788 8,789 8,743 9,023 9,043 9,041 9,449 9,172 9,392 9,475 8,258 3,380 3,527 3,519 3,752 3,511 3,363 3,395 3,430 3,761 3,533 3,594 3,796 3,189 5,304 5,430 4,329 5,450 5,530 5,741 5,884 5,561 5,428 5,260 5,486 5,239 5,275 1,504 741 1,127 973 772 201 931 1,402 713 1,189 964 669 295 1,036 1,560 738 1,213 922 632 290 997 1,148 495 1,038 782 554 228 867 1,506 63 9 1,288 995 729 266 1,021 1,513 688 1,220 956 669 287 1,154 1,499 783 1,280 1,071 746 325 1,108 1,641 804 1,287 1,028 719 309 1, 124 1,523 751 1,217 970 630 340 1,100 1,404 697 1,214 914 635 279 1,199 1,296 755 1,237 851 541 310 1,121 1,518 706 1,242 853 620 232 1,167 1,359 736 1,210 760 485 275 1,173 Males Total not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance . . . Ill health, disability . . Think cannot get j o b . Other reasons1 16,236 16,359 16,298 16,336 16,438 16,499 16,503 16,680 16,461 16,491 16,591 16,787 16,706 14,568 14,613 14,706 15,193 14,763 14,826 14,666 14,782 14,677 14,902 14,905 1,708 1,666 1,675 1,770 1,826 1,701 1,749 1,637 1,680 1,667 1,300 737 345 340 286 698 321 377 285 790 316 313 248 589 203 264 244 720 274 343 329 757 303 291 324 777 332 313 348 794 327 350 354 751 326 309 315 703 323 344 378 638 336 305 359 15,026 1,733 14,990 1,665 763 318 291 361 702 335 275 354 Females Total not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 43,002 42,877 42,825 42,683 42,823 42,699 42,465 42,476 42,400 42,250 41,887 41,695 41,692 3 9 , 4 1 3 39,209 39,242 39,368 3,567 3,624 3,763 3,029 766 396 1,127 634 644 704 393 1,189 587 751 770 421 1,213 609 750 559 292 1,038 518 623 19,012 38,972 38,544 38,461 38,431 38,844 38,347 37,719 38,12C 3,784 3,855 3,971 4,059 3,860 3,679 3,623 3,753 3,574 785 365 1,288 652 693 756 384 1,220 665 830 722 451 1,280 758 760 847 477 1,287 677 770 771 425 1,217 661 785 701 374 1,214 570 820 658 420 1,237 546 762 755 388 1,242 561 806 658 40 2 1,210 485 819 White Total not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 51,838 51,877 51,708 51,529 51,744 51,663 51,410 51,648 51,350 51,355 51,091 51,149 50,909 47,949 47,632 47,718 48,112 47,512 47,363 47,156 47,280 46,918 47,382 47,275 46,870 46,84C 3,961 4,081 4,090 3,421 4,147 4,263 4,334 4,316 4,267 4,168 3,960 4,339 3,887 1,146 516 830 687 782 1,065 508 940 716 852 1,147 508 923 696 816 941 364 816 587 713 7,354 7,389 7,427 6,102 1,286 6,113 1,267 354 203 313 294 122 345 220 303 237 161 1,097 43 7 1,023 742 847 1,176 520 1,000 683 905 1,078 643 976 743 894 1,136 576 950 720 933 1,125 537 971 712 923 7,483 7,471 7,535 7,575 7,560 6,103 1,297 6,512 934 6,184 1,274 6,250 1,297 6,122 1,371 406 236 288 211 156 221 129 244 211 128 403 192 280 258 141 347 181 268 280 221 407 159 283 302 219 1,033 499 980 647 1,010 943 550 961 584 943 1,272 526 956 591 994 1,007 507 89<» 53^ 947 7,471 7,381 7,386 7,384 7,439 6,046 1,577 6,215 1,25!5 6,102 1,309 6,108 1,267 6,098 1,244 6,123 1,321 495 223 341 319 199 394 195 239 253 174 383 210 270 273 174 341 221 2!57 2!>3 195 327 173 289 277 178 348 210 309 232 222 Black and other Total not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 1 Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsiblities." 59 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex I In thousands) Age in years Total Reasons for not seeking work 20-24 16-19 25-59 60 and over IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 58,808 53,493 58,307 53,297 7,502 6,204 7,216 5,999 4,739 3,946 4,536 3,795 22,237 19,643 21,705 19,250 24,331 23,705 24,850 24,253 7,929 4,309 29,817 8,923 2,515 7,631 4,533 29,006 9,337 2,790 5,435 28 498 1,812 112 1,758 1,774 122 1,600 243 5,171 56 508 1 263 264 299 660 1,994 15,267 234 1,488 679 2,201 14,478 229 1,663 24 2,177 12,295 8,689 520 9 2,152 12,420 9,107 565 5,314 5,009 1,297 1,218 793 741 2,594 2,455 626 596 8 200 40 150 32 117 198 TOTAL Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Job-market factors Personal factors 1,432 750 1,155 934 605 329 1,043 1,282 738 1,149 730 469 261 1,110 988 11 91 97 59 38 110 941 27 75 81 53 27 94 249 37 227 107 76 31 173 202 38 219 97 81 16 185 192 497 805 519 383 125 581 130 473 816 401 304 99 635 2 204 31 211 86 124 178 16,738 16,959 3,384 3,352 1,475 1,397 2,952 3,069 8,926 9,142 15,170 15,410 2,798 2,740 1,235 1,197 2,505 2,595 8,635 8,873 4,021 2,341 218 7,127 1,463 3,867 2,438 276 7,273 1,556 2,630 22 11 — 135 2,576 24 13 — 127 1,062 50 5 — 118 979 57 11 — 150 324 1,128 40 217 796 308 1,224 41 206 816 6 1,140 164 6,910 415 1 1,132 209 7,067 464 1,567 1,548 586 611 240 199 449 473 291 267 707 304 279 277 661 325 249 313 504 523 8 50 30 136 12 41 51 86 17 32 64 66 203 99 81 50 203 97 123 90 102 99 4 97 70 96 42,071 41,348 37,887 4,118 3,864 19,285 3,407 3,260 3,263 2,712 3,139 38,325 2,597 17,136 18,636 16,654 15,404 15,072 15,708 15,379 3,908 1,970 29,599 1,796 1,052 3,764 2,095 28,730 2,064 1,234 2,806 6 487 2,595 33 494 1 137 750 62 1,754 794 65 1,589 146 149 335 864 15,229 17 691 370 978 14,436 23 847 18 1,038 12,132 1,779 105 7 1,019 12,211 2,040 102 3,746 3,461 710 606 552 543 2,147 1,982 334 331 725 445 1,155 655 766 621 413 1,149 480 798 483 11 91 60 65 419 18 75 30 64 113 25 227 66 121 117 21 219 65 121 126 295 805 420 501 2 113 31 109 79 4 104 40 81 102 Males Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school III, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance III health, disability Think cannot get job Other reasons ' 37 45 Females Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill disabled . . Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now . Reason not looking: School attendance III health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 1 . Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." NOTE: Detail in tables A-54, A-55, and A-57 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data. 108 -' 81 270 816 304 511 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Age in years Total 16-24 Reasons for not seeking work IV 1977 IV 1978 25-59 Males 60 and over IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 Females IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 WHITE 51,282 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities1 . . . . Think cannot get job Other reasons 9,815 9,375 19,435 18,915 22,031 22,529 14,237 14,486 37,045 36,333 47,088 8,285 7,996 17,489 17,067 21,482 22,030 13,029 13,326 34,162 33,762 6,437 3,476 27,108 8,098 2,072 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school HI. disabled Keeping house Retired Other 50,819 47,191 Total not in labor force 6,168 3,651 26,462 8,483 2,324 5,895 100 926 5,599 117 1,849 364 431 550 1,614 13,875 212 1,238 562 1,756 13,153 224 1,372 24 1,794 11,309 7,887 468 6 1,782 11,461 8,258 523 3,279 1,908 187 6,461 1,194 3,138 2,010 229 6,656 1,293 3,158 1,568 26,921 1,537 878 3,030 1,641 26,233 1,827 1,031 4,092 3,731 1,533 1,384 1,977 1,849 549 499 1,209 1,160 2,883 2,571 1,027 564 935 686 880 915 538 863 512 903 915 30 222 145 221 809 45 205 110 215 79 368 682 359 489 99 342 624 271 513 2 164 31 184 168 8 150 34 131 176 528 239 489 228 214 228 177 266 499 325 935 472 652 426 310 863 335 637 BLACK AND OTHER 7,527 7,487 2,424 2,377 2,802 2,790 2,300 2,321 2,502 2,472 5,025 5,015 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other 6,303 6,207 1,865 1,802 2,217 2,180 2,220 2,225 2,142 2,083 4,161 4,124 1,493 833 2,710 825 443 1,463 881 2,543 854 466 1,354 . 38 332 141 750 401 2,678 159 173 734 453 2,497 237 203 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 1,224 1,279 556 Total not in labor force 1 .... , 405 187 220 249 163 367 200 286 217 209 131 142 411 1,392 22 250 115 447 1,324 5 289 381 985 803 51 2 371 959 850 43 742 432 32 666 270 729 428 46 617 263 574 586 606 77 96 360 389 864 890 179 66 172 97 66 49 72 48 226 121 220 183 114 195 103 286 145 161 1,347 64 260 334 20 88 68 64 321 18 95 61 61 32 129 192 131 122 83 129 124 160 90 41 26 10 50 6 18 22 Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons." A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and detailed reason [In thousands] 4 t h Q u a r t e r 1978 Age in years Detailed reason for not seeking work 16-19 Black and other 60 and over 20-24 TOTAL Personal factors: Employers think too young or old . . . Lacks education or training Other personal handicap 140 60 61 7 13 7 4 12 23 38 38 109 4 4 132 52 41 7 9 20 Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 285 184 44 9 57 24 175 129 9 23 157 129 128 54 Males Personal factors: Employers think too young or old . . . Lacks education or training Other personal handicap 67 18 27 5 13 4 7 1 15 55 2 60 14 22 7 5 5 Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 76 60 23 6 38 36 11 45 36 31 24 16 37 23 15 7 54 2 4 72 38 19 4 15 137 92 9 12 112 93 97 30 Females Personal factors: Employers think too young or old . . . Lacks education or training Other personal handicap Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 72 42 34 209 123 21 3 42 17 61 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex [Numbers in thousands] Ageirl years Total Most recent work experience and reason for leaving job IV 1977 Blaclcand White 16-24 IV 1978 25-59 IV 1977 1978 IV IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 11,752 22,237 2,140 11,069 5,360 3,668 100.0 38.2 14.8 4.0 23.1 7.5 8.3 7.3 19.9 21,705 1,985 10,966 5,157 3,596 100.0 40.0 11.9 4.1 22.4 8.5 5.9 7.9 21.6 24,331 2,275 16,663 3,967 1,425 100.0 5.1 18.4 47.0 19.7 8.3 5.2 6.2 9.9 14.0 48.2 22.3 9.6 4.7 8.1 9.6 2,951 178 1,008 953 812 100.0 20.1 29.0 13.1 16.5 6.3 6.8 3.3 21.3 3,069 219 1,060 1,045 745 100.0 20.9 25.8 11.8 17.8 7.7 6.2 3.9 23.7 8,926 52 9,142 27 5,791 2,236 847 6,120 2,266 728 100.0 1.8 100.0 2.5 15.0 55.7 19.1 8.7 5.1 5.3 8.4 16.1 52.3 21.6 9.8 5.0 6.9 7.6 19,285 1,962 10,062 4,407 2,856 100.0 43.3 10.7 1.4 25.0 7.8 8.8 8.3" 19.5 18,636 1,766 9,905 4,113 2,851 100.0 45.1 8.2 2.0 23.5 8.8 5.8 8.9 21.1 15,404 15,708 37,045 2,223 10,873 1,731 578 2,373 11,083 1,653 599 5,905 19,089 6,643 5,408 100.0 9.8 100.0 9.8 23.3 34.2 20.6 7.6 5.4 7.4 11.5 43.2 23.4 9.3 4.5 9.5 100.0 53.3 6.6 4.0 12.1 12.0 IV 1977 Total, not in labor force . Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago . . . . Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago . . . . Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason . School, home responsibilities III health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job . . . . Slack work End of temporary job . . . All other reasons 58,808 9,124 28,041 11,125 10,517 100.0 48.5 8.4 7.8 16.0 16.4 14.9 14.7 Males, not in labor force . Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago . . . . Last orked 1 t o 5 years ago Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason . School, home responsibilities III health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job . . . . Slack work End of temporary job . . . All other reasons 16,738 16,959 4,858 4,749 2,011 6,836 3,607 4,283 100.0 44.9 9.2 13. 5 17.7 9.5 4.0 4.2 1,955 7,216 3,686 4,101 100.0 46.5 8.8 1,781 38 417 1,709 36 376 2,624 100.0 66.5 1.1 2,627 100.0 66.1 1.9 11.4 19.7 17.7 19.7 11.0 4.1 4.6 10.7 2.9 4.1 12.2 3.3 4.2 14.8 13.5 14.8 12.3 Females, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago . . . . Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago . . . . Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason . School, home responsibilities III health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job . . . . Slack work End of temporary job . . . All other reasons 42,071 41,348 7,381 7,003 7,112 21,206 7,518 6,234 6,838 21,201 6,993 6,316 2,927 272 2,699 212 1,381 2,801 1,226 2,866 100.0 50.9 7.8 3.8 20.6 7.8 6.1 6.7 100.0 51.3 5.7 5.0 19.6 8.6 4.5 6.5 100.0 67.0 1.7 100.0 66.2 1.9 __ 16.1 7.8 3.5 4.8 14.9 8.3 3.2 3.5 16.8 18.3 15.1 16.9 58,307 12,240 4,708 8,793 308 28,417 1,799 10,679 5,424 10,417 4,407 248 1,602 100.0 49.4 6.9 7.6 100.0 66.8 1.4 __ 5,494 100.0 66.2 1.9 __ 19.7 9.5 4.4 5.8 16.9 9.2 3.2 4.4 17.2 10.2 3.2 3.8 19.4 8.5 5.3 5.6 other 60 and over IV 1978 24,850 51,281 50,819 2,400 17,204 3,920 7,319 25,054 9,765 1,326 100.0 5.9 9,144 100.0 50.3 7.4 8.0 6,946 25,448 9,400 9,025 100.0 50.7 6.5 8.1 18.3 8.6 4.2 5.5 16.3 18.8 8.1 5.1 5.6 15.5 14,486 1,382 6,279 3,238 3,587 100.0 47.3 8.8 12.7 18.2 14,236 1,414 5,965 3,122 3,736 100.0 45.9 8.6 13.9 16.9 9.1 3.8 4.0 9.6 4.2 4.4 13.0 14.6 36,333 5,564 19,169 6,162 5,438 100.0 53.0 5.0 ' 5.0 18.4 7.8 4.3 6.3 18.5 20.1 7.4 6.0 6.7 16.0 IV 1978 IV 1977 7,526 7,805 2,986 1,361 1,373 100.0 36.5 14.6 5.9 23.5 11.0 6.5 6.1 19.5 7,487 1,847 2,970 1,278 1,392 100.0 41.2 9.3 4.2 28.0 15.9 5.0 7.2 17.3 2,501 597 870 486 547 100.0 37.8 • 12.6 10.8 23.2 12.2 5.7 5.5 15.5 2,472 573 937 448 514 100.0 41.6 8.6 2.9 30.0 20.2 3.5 6.2 16.9 5,025 1,208 2,116 875 826 100.0 35.6 15.9 2.7 23.7 10.2 7.0 6.5 22.2 5,015 1,274 2,033 830 878 100.0 40.9 9.7 .5.0 26.9 13.3 5.8 7.8 17.4 A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex [In thousands] e in years Total Black and other White Work-seeking intentions and work history IV 1977 IV 1978 48,197 10,612 1,851 1,186 2,177 5,398 48,373 9,933 1,533 1,108 1,934 5,358 12,807 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 5,989 5,909 18,476 18,250 23,731 24,215 6,252 5,843 1,424 47 3,760 3,455 102 922 1,059 1,371 601 7 132 199 263 635 7 139 255 234 42,636 8,645 1,336 968 1,699 4,642 42,799 8,020 1,101 889 1,487 4,542 5,561 1,964 514 217 478 755 5,573 1,914 432 218 447 816 2,236 715 17 68 234 3 97 2,442 626 23 8,612 314 2 ,813 328 10,982 3,254 530 11,439 3,047 473 1,840 632 186 76 111 350 55 105 152 37 152 139 103 448 2,173 86 410 2,077 1,825 675 203 33 123 316 3,736 1,289 311 184 355 439 3,733 1,282 246 183 352 500 Total Do not intend t o seek work Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months . . 1,683 64 797 3,708 621 3,752 13,280 3,679 659 1,958 2,024 2,901 2,724 715 637 121 505 2,393 13 8 233 176 1,940 1,905 161 989 1,183 1,427 Males Do not intend t o seek work Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months . . . Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months 3,930 734 136 571 2,489 35 95 316 Females Do not intend t o seek work Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months . . Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months 62 35,389 35,093 4,030 15,806 15,118 15,402 31,654 31,360 6,254 3,351 3,885 3,119 16,240 6,681 3,045 2,828 286 306 5,391 4,973 1,117 874 969 788 144 80 4 7 806 628 1,050 986 51 38 921 847 77 102 865 803 1,606 1,429 563 445 950 882 94 103 1,251 1,077 2,908 2,965 1,768 1,848 1,030 1,021 111 96 2,469 2,465 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status IV 1977 Civilian noninstitutional population . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force IV __1927_ IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV L9J3 159,922 138,364 140,336 16,467 16,796 7,255 7,512 98,591 62.6 92,442 3,167 89,275 6,149 6.2 58,808 101,615 63.5 96,010 3,215 92,796 5,605 5.5 58,307 87,082 62.9 82,378 2,912 79,465 4,705 5.4 51,282 89,517 63.8 85,230 2,900 82,330 4,287 4.8 50,819 9,910 60.2 8,574 220 8,354 1,336 13.5 6,557 10,308 61.4 9,113 262 8,852 1,194 11.6 6,489 4,483 61.8 4,086 199 3,887 397 8.9 2,773 4,827 64.3 4,455 183 4,272 392 8.1 2,665 66,261 67,489 58,897 59,902 6,317 6,460 2,899 3,074 52,907 79.8 50,567 2,301 48,267 2,340 4.4 13,354 53,882 79.8 51,852 2,329 49,523 2,030 3.8 13,607 47,346 80.4 45,529 2,103 43,426 1,818 3.8 11,550 48,056 80.2 46,490 2,069 44,420 1,566 3.3 11,846 4,754 75.3 4,273 174 4,099 481 10.1 1,563 4,933 76.4 4,510 221 4,289 424 8.6 1,526 2,469 85.2 2,312 151 2,162 157 6.4 430 2,631 85.6 2,487 140 2,347 144 5.5 443 74,671 76,003 65,507 66,536 7,903 8,106 3,325 3,444 36,718 49.2 34,348 533 33,815 2,370 6.5 37,953 38,520 50.7 36,397 568 35,829 2,123 5.5 37,483 31,714 48.4 29,911 489 29,422 1,803 5.7 33,793 33,238 50.0 31,632 532 31,100 1,606 4.8 33,299 4,319 54.7 3,800 34 3,766 519 12.0 3,585 4,521 55.8 4,056 27 4,029 465 10.3 3,585 1,528 46.0 1,388 23 1,365 141 9.2 1,796 1,716 49.8 1,567 26 1,541 149 8.7 1,728 16,468 16,429 13,961 13,898 2,246 2,231 1,031 994 8,022 57.5 6,938 320 6,618 1,08V 13.5 5,939 8,224 59.2 7,109 299 6,810 1,115 13.6 5,674 838 37.3 501 11 490 337 40.2 1,409 853 38.2 548 14 534 305 35.8 1,377 485 47.0 386 25 361 99 20.5 546 501 50.4 401 17 384 100 19.9 493 157,399 . Hispanic origin^ IV 1978 Males, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force Females, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 8,966 54.4 7,527 333 7,194 1,439 16.0 7,502 9,213 56.1 7,761 317 7,443 1,452 15.8 7,216 1 Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. 2 Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white. NOTE: Data for 1977 for total Hispanic origin are not strictly comparable with those published earlier. These estimates incorporate the expanded sample and revised estimation procedures introduced in the national sample in January 1978. 63 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-60 Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Total Hispanic origin 1 Employment status Mexican origin Puerto Rican origin Cuban origin IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV _.12Z8__ Civilian noninstitutional population 7,255 7,512 4,120 4,456 1,090 1,064 574 579 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 4,483 61.8 4,086 199 3,887 397 8.9 2,773 4,827 64.3 4,455 183 4,272 392 8.1 2,665 2,657 64.5 2,416 180 2,235 241 9.1 1,464 2,992 67.1 2,762 160 2,602 230 7.7 1,464 532 48.8 467 4 464 64 12.1 558 532 50.0 470 6 464 62 11.7 531 369 64.3 344 7 337 25 6.8 205 390 67.4 354 7 348 36 9.2 188 2,899 3,074 1,717 1,910 387 380 235 225 2,469 85.2 2,312 151 2,162 157 6.4 430 2,631 85.6 2,487 140 2,347 144 5.5 443 1,485 86.5 1,396 136 1,260 89 6.0 232 1,672 87.5 1,592 122 1,470 80 4.8 238 325 84.0 294 3 292 30 9.4 62 300 78.9 269 5 264 30 10.1 80 194 82.6 185 5 180 9 4.6 41 194 86.2 179 7 172 15 7.9 31 Civilian noninstitutional population 3,325 3,444 1,783 1,916 543 543 292 299 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 1,528 46.0 1,388 23 1,365 141 9.2 1,796 1,716 49.8 1,567 26 1,541 149 8.7 1,728 854 47.9 111 19 753 82 9.7 929 982 51.3 892 23 869 90 9.2 934 157 28.9 139 1 138 17 11.1 386 185 34.1 167 — 167 17 9.5 358 151 51.7 138 2 13 8.4 141 169 57.0 155 — 155 13 7.9 130 Civilian noninstitutional populatior 1,031 994 620 630 161 142 47 54 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 485 47.0 386 25 361 99 20.5 546 501 50.4 401 17 384 100 19.9 493 317 51.1 248 25 223 69 21.8 303 338 53.7 278 15 263 59 17.6 292 50 31.1 34 48 33.8 34 2 32 14 (2) 94 24 (2) 20 28 51.9 20 20 3 (2) 23 20 7 (2) 27 TOTAL Males, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force Females, 20 years and over 137 Both sexes, 16-19 years 1 Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not shown separately. * 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000. 64 NOTE: See note, table A-59. 34 16 (2) 110 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-61. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Hispanic origin1 Black and other Whits Total ategories IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 92,442 54,600 37,843 96,010 55,896 40,114 82,378 49,230 33,147 85,230 50,191 35,039 10,065 5,370 4,695 10,780 5,705 5,075 4,086 2,549 1,537 4,455 2,715 1,740 46,667 14,218 9,986 5,851 16,612 30,563 12,092 10,469 3,531 4,471 12,553 2,659 48,415 14,686 10,152 6,161 17,416 31,976 12,621 11,111 3,637 4,607 12,951 2,668 43,027 12,975 9,536 5,594 14,923 26,862 11,154 9,001 3,033 3,673 10,045 2,443 44,444 13,398 9,625 5,845 15,575 28,010 11,671 9,428 3,099 3,812 10,367 2,410 3,640 1,243 450 257 1,690 3,702 938 1,468 498 798 2,507 216 3,971 1,288 527 316 1,841 3,966 950 1,683 538 795 2,584 258 1,362 309 248 186 619 1,901 554 843 156 348 675 151 1,452 337 246 179 690 2,119 597 980 176 366 734 150 1,298 1,571 298 1,342 1,598 275 1,095 1,526 292 1,097 1,534 270 204 46 6 245 64 5 172 24 3 164 16 3 82,735 15,575 67,160 1,420 65,740 6,103 437 86,003 15,564 70,439 1,345 69,094 6,368 424 73,297 13,160 60,137 942 59,195 5,747 420 75,951 13,077 62,874 897 61,977 5,983 396 9,437 2,415 7,023 478 6,545 355 17 10,052 2,487 7,565 447 7,118 386 28 3,690 581 3,108 95 3,013 176 21 4,060 622 3,438 77 3,361 201 11 75,024 3,245 14,173 78,358 3,115 14,537 66,733 2,671 12,974 69,430 2,550 13,250 8,291 575 1,199 8,927 565 1,287 3,432 206 449 3,773 202 480 CHARACTERISTICS Total, 16 years and over Males Females OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers , FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2 Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons See footnote 2, table A-59. Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories. 65 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-62. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rlcan, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories [in thousands] Total Hispanic origin1 Selected categories Puerto Rican origin Mexican origin Cuban origin IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 4,086 2,549 1,537 4,455 2,715 1,740 2,416 1,546 870 2,762 1,745 1,017 467 314 154 470 287 184 344 200 144 354 191 163 1,362 309 248 186 619 1,901 554 843 156 348 675 151 1,452 337 246 179 690 2,119 597 980 176 366 734 143 702 144 133 80 345 1,194 358 483 110 243 380 140 812 155 147 89 421 1,369 385 590 114 280 446 129 158 30 27 28 73 218 53 111 15 39 88 4 142 32 20 22 68 228 56 127 24 21 95 6 156 47 24 31 54 138 38 75 8 17 46 5 172 24 3 164 16 3 162 17 1 147 11 3 4 6 3 2 2 5 1 3,690 581 3,108 95 3,013 176 21 4,060 622 3,438 77 3,361 201 11 2,131 384 1,747 56 1,691 98 7 2,492 407 2,086 55 2,031 105 4 443 65 378 5 373 14 6 445 77 369 1 368 18 1 313 36 276 2 274 21 3 323 31 292 1 291 25 1 3,432 206 449 3,773 202 480 2,021 140 255 2,321 135 306 418 15 34 412 24 35 294 10 40 299 8 47 CHARACTERISTICS Total, 16 years and over Males Females OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Sales workers Clerical workers . . Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers . . . Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers . Service workers Farm workers ' 139 39 21 19 60 170 50 97 7 16 42 2 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagriculturel industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries . Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS 2 Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons See footnote 1, table A-60. 66 2 See footnote 2, table A-61. HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Total Sex and age Total, 16 years and over . . 16 t o 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 t o 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Males, 16 years and over . . 16 t o 19 years 16 t o 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 t o 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 t o 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 t o 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Black1 White Hispanic origin 2 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 92,442 96,010 82,378 85,230 8,574 9,113 4,086 4,455 ,527 7, ,055 3, 4, ,471 13,081 71,835 57, 789 1A,046 7,761 3,143 4,618 13,732 74,517 60,141 14,375 6,938 2,875 4,063 11,628 63,811 51,086 12,726 7,109 2,917 4,193 12,154 65,967 52,988 12,979 501 150 351 1,237 6,836 5,645 1,192 548 181 366 1,334 7,232 5,998 1,234 386 140 246 693 3,007 2,658 349 401 144 257 782 3,271 2,895 376 54,600 55,896 49,230 50,191 4,563 4,800 2,549 2,715 4,032 1,666 2,366 7,089 A3,478 34, 759 8,719 4,044 1,617 2,427 7,384 44,468 35,578 8,890 3,701 1,558 2,144 6,338 39,190 31,205 7,985 3,702 1,500 2,202 6,589 39,902 31,824 8,078 290 97 193 643 3,630 2,983 646 290 93 197 675 3,835 3,130 706 237 91 146 428 1,884 1,661 223 228 86 142 470 2,016 1,764 253 37,843 40,114 33,147 35,039 4,010 4,313 1,537 1,740 3,495 1,389 2,105 5,991 28,356 23,029 5,327 3,717 1,526 2,191 6,348 30,049 24,563 5,486 3,237 1,317 1,919 5,290 24,621 19,881 4,741 3,408 1,417 1,991 5,565 26,066 21,165 4,902 211 52 158 593 3,207 2,661 545 257 88 169 659 3,398 2,869 528 149 49 100 265 1,123 997 127 173 58 115 313 1,254 1,131 123 See footnote 1, table A-59. IV See footnote 2, table A-59. A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Black1 White Total Hispanic origin 2 Sex and age IV 1977 Total, 1 6 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 t o 54 years 55 years and over Males, 16 years and over 16 t o 19 years 16 t o 17 years 18 t o 19 years 20 t o 24 years 25 years and over 25 t o 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . , 18 to 19 years 20 t o 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over See footnote 1, table A-59. IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 6.2 5.5 5.4 4.8 13,5 11,6 8,9 8,1 16.0 17.8 14.8 9.6 4.4 4.6 3.9 15.8 18.7 13.6 8.4 3.7 4.0 2.9 13 .5 15 .7 11 .9 7.9 4 .0 4 .0 3.7 13.6 16.9 11.1 6.7 3.4 3.5 2.6 40. 2 44. 1 38.4 22.6 8.5 9,1 5.7 35 .8 38 .7 34 .2 20 .6 7 .0 7.4 5 .1 20.5 22.5 19.3 9.9 6.9 6.9 6.2 19.9 27.7 14.8 5.4 4.8 4 .6 4.1 12. 6 10 .7 7.6 6.7 15.7 17.3 14.6 9.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 16.1 19.9 13.3 8.0 3.0 3.1 2.6 13 .4 15 .4 11 .8 7.7 3 .2 3 .2 3 .3 14.0 18.2 11.0 6.5 2.7 2.8 37. 7 39.5 36.8 20.8 7.9 8.2 6.5 34 .1 39 .5 31 .1 20 .3 6 .2 6 .6 4 .3 17.9 14.7 19.8 9.7 5.6 5.3 7.5 17.9 25.7 12.3 8.2 4.8 5.0 3.8 7.5 6.5 6 .5 14.5 12 .6 10.9 10.3 16.4 18.3 15.1 10.2 5.6 5.9 4.3 15.4 17.3 14.1 8.7 4.8 5.1 3.3 13 .7 16 .0 12 .0 8 .2 5 .1 5 .3 4 .2 43.4 51. 1 40.2 24.5 9.2 10.1 4.7 37 .6 37 .9 37 .5 20 .9 7.9 8 .2 6 .2 24.2 33.7 18.4 10.1 9.0 9.5 4.5 22.4 30.5 17.6 11.4 7.9 8.3 3.9 2.4 5.7 13.0 15, 11. 7.0 4.4 4.7 3.0 9.5 6.0 6.3 3.8 See footnote 2, table A-59. 67 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Total Weeks of unemployment Hispanic origin1 Black and other White IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 6,149 2,626 1,961 1,561 763 798 5,605 2,651 1,828 1,125 640 486 4,705 2,062 1,486 1,157 564 593 4,287 2,109 1,384 795 457 338 1,444 565 476 404 198 205 13.5 6.6 11.1 5.6 13.1 6.4 10.4 5.2 100.0 42.7 31.9 25.4 12.4 13.0 100.0 47.3 32.6 20.1 11.4 8.7 100.0 43.8 31.6 24.6 12.0 12.6 100.0 49.2 32.3 18.5 10.7 7.9 IV 1Q77 !Q7fi 1,318 543 444 331 183 148 397 176 132 89 46 43 392 206 124 62 43 19 14.8 7.5 13.3 7.2 12.1 6.3 8.6 4.8 100.0 39.1 33.0 27.9 13.7 14.2 100.0 41.2 33.7 25.1 13.9 11.2 100.0 44.3 33.2 22.4 11.6 10.8 100.0 52.6 31.6 15.8 11.0 4.8 IV Duration Total, 16 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration, in weeks . Median duration, in weeks Percent distribution Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over See footnote 2, table A-59. A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] Total Reason for unemployment Whit* Black and other IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 1977 6,149 2,668 659 2,009 884 1,824 773 5,605 2,283 618 1,665 839 1,742 • 741 4,705 2,085 567 1,518 744 1,343 533 4,287 1,745 505 1,240 701 1,342 499 100.0 43.4 10.7 32.7 14.4 29.7 12.6 100.0 40.7 11.0 29.7 15.0 31.1 13.2 100.0 44.3 12.0 32.3 15.8 28.5 11.3 2.7 .9 1.8 .8 2.2 .8 1.7 .7 2.4 .9 1.5 .6 Hispanic origin IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 1,444 583 92 491 140 481 239 1,318 112" 425 138 400 242 397 190 35 155 53 99 54 392 172 31 141 57 111 52 100.0 40.7 11.8 28.9 16.4 31.3 11.6 100.0 40.4 6.4 34.0 9.7 33.3 16.6 100.0 40.8 8.5 32.3 10.5 30.3 18.4 100.0 48.0 8.8 39.1 13.4 25.0 13.6 100.0 43.9 2.0 .8 1.5 .6 5.1 1.2 4.2 2.1 4.4 1.1 3.3 2.0 4.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 3.5 1.2 2.3 1.1 IV NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Total, 16 years and over Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants J3§ PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 36*.O 14.5 28.3 13.3 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1 See footnote 2, table A-59. 68 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans ana •nsuveterans 20 to 34 years of age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted 1976 Employment status 1977 1978 I IV 1977 1978 6,753 6,428 6,052 376 5.8 6,363 6,074 5,786 288 4.7 6,797 6,402 5,894 508 7.9 6,853 6,501 6,019 483 7.4 6,848 6,503 5,998 505 7.8 6,815 6,519 6,033 486 7.5 6,753 6,420 6,018 402 6.3 6,592 6,284 5,940 344 5.5 6,528 6,198 5,924 274 4.4 6,461 6,149 5,825 324 5.3 6,363 6,067 5,763 305 5.0 . 968 859 750 109 12,7 664 593 521 71 12,0 1,083 945 7. 88 158 16.7 1,084 976 813 163 16.7 1,069 938 784 154 16.4 1,042 936 774 162 17.3 968 854 740 115 13.4 827 747 650 97 13.0 784 696 630 66 9.5 736 655 579 76 11.6 664 588 515 73 12.5 . 2,813 2,664 2,518 146 5.5 2,175 2,076 1,958 118 5.7 3,186 3,001 2,766 235 7.8 3,109 2,957 2,741 216 7.3 3,039 2,902 2,676 226 7.8 2,994 2,850 2,666 185 6.5 2,813 2,661 2,497 164 6.2 2,539 2,418 2,285 133 5.5 2,417 2,296 2,176 120 5.2 2,297 2,153 2,006 147 6.8 2,175 2,075 1,944 132 6.3 . 2,972 2,906 2,785 121 4.2 3,524 3,405 3,307 99 2,9 2,528 2,456 2,340 115 4.7 2,660 2,568 2,465 103 4.0 2,740 2,663 2,538 125 4.7 2,779 2,732 2,594 139 5.1 2,972 2,905 2,781 123 4.2 3,226 3,118 3,005 113 3.6 3,327 3,207 3,119 88 2.7 3,428 3,341 3,240 101 3.0 3,524 3,404 3,304 100 2.9 17,987 18,807 16,999 17,190 17,445 17,711 17,987 18,165 18,385 18,585 16,127 17,008 15,441 15,618 15,700 15,976 16,225 16,501 16,659 16,834 15,090 16,091 14,082 14,351 14,538 14,783 15,099 15,371 15,644 15,859 1,037 917 1,359 1,266 1,193 1,162 1,126 1,130 975 1,014 6,4 8,8 7,5 7,4 8,1 5,4 6,9 6.8 5,8 6,1 18,807 17.097 16,106 991 5.8 IV II IV III IV II III IV VETERANS1 Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population2 . . Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population3 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate NONVETERANS Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population2 . Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,299 6,933 6,340 593 8.5 8,450 7,154 6,624 530 7.4 7,982 6,872 6,062 810 11.8 8,037 6,907 6,174 734 10.6 8,106 6,851 6,160 691 10.1 8,182 6,965 6,272 693 9.9 8,299 7,066 6,410 656 9.3 8,312 7,112 6,428 684 9.6 8,378 7,152 6,558 594 8.3 8,419 7,180 6,583 597 8.3 7,286 6,701 585 8.0 . 5,574 5,268 4,984 285 5.4 6,337 6,006 5,738 268 4.5 5,174 4,877 4,514 362 7.4 5,239 4,945 4,584 360 7. 3 5,301 4,983 4,676 307 6.2 5,355 5,044 4,728 315 6.3 5,574 5,245 4,948 297 5.7 5,860 5,555 5,258 297 5.3 6,015 5,675 5,390 285 5.0 6,172 5,868 5,612 257 4.4 6,337 5,976 5,698 278 4.7 . 4,115 3,926 3,766 160 4.1 4,019 3,848 3,730 118 3.1 3,844 3,693 3,505 187 5.1 3,914 3,766 3,593 172 4.6 4,039 3,866 3,702 164 4.2 4,174 3,968 3,783 185 4.7 4,115 3,914 3,742 173 4.4 3,993 3,834 3,685 149 3.9 3,991 3,832 3,697 135 3.5 3,995 3,786 3,665 122 3.2 4,019 3,835 3,707 128 3.3 . 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7,1975. Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 69 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years by age, race, and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] Nonveterans Black and other Employment status Hispanic origin 2 Black and other White a i« • _ ^.m•— • _ 2 1977 IV 1978 rtispanic origin iv IV 1977 1978 16,319 14,918 14,256 662 4.4 2,339 1,945 1,699 246 12.6 2,487 2,089 1,835 254 12.2 1,151 1,054 974 80 7.6 1,206 1,124 1,057 67 6.0 7,250 6,139 5,681 458 7.5 7,328 6,288 5,915 373 5.9 1,049 794 659 135 17.0 1,122 866 709 157 18.1 497 438 400 38 8.7 514 460 424 36 7.8 113 106 97 9 8.5 4,848 4,621 4,410 211 4.6 5,537 5,305 5,098 207 3.9 726 647 573 74 11.4 800 700 639 61 8.7 368 342 312 30 8.8 399 390 371 19 4.9 111 107 104 3 2.8 3,551 3,422 3,300 122 3.6 3,454 3,325 3,243 82 2.5 564 504 467 37 7.3 565 523 487 36 6.9 286 274 262 12 4.4 293 274 262 12 4.4 IV 1977 IV 1978 261 242 229 13 5.4 15,649 14,182 13,391 791 5.6 43 32 26 6 (3) 37 29 28 1 (3) 233 219 189 30 13.7 91 86 74 12 14.0 309 290 277 13 4.5 92 86 83 3 3.5 IV 1Q77 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 6,065 5,810 5,534 276 4.8 5,732 5,484 5,258 226 4.1 688 619 519 100 16.2 631 590 528 62 10.5 226 204 183 21 10.3 805 726 658 68 9.4 575 512 460 52 10*2 163 133 92 41 30.8 89 81 62 19 23.5 2,538 2,417 2,298 119 4.9 1,942 1,857 1,769 88 4.7 275 247 220 27 10.9 2,722 2,667 2,578 89 3.3 3,215 3,115 3,029 86 2.8 250 239 207 32 13.4 Total. 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Vietnam-Era veterans are tnose wno served Detween August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. See footnote 2, table A-59. 70 3 Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000. N.A =Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race (Numbers in thousands) Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Central cities Total Employment status IV 3.977 Total Suburbs Farm Nonfarm IV IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 45,733 61,615 62,757 50,575 51,431 28,556 40,023 41,394 30,822 31,665 61.6 60.9 66.0 65.0 62.4 26,602 37,881 39,463 29,054 29,945 1,721 1,768 1,929 2,142 1,955 C J 54 38,541 17,464 17,177 21,592 21,364 19,753 19,766 4,724 2,982 63.1 2,906 76 2.5 1,742 4,795 3,004 62.6 2,939 65 26,833 21,514 21,837 22,252 16,733 16,974 77.7 77.8 82.9 21,604 16,067 16,355 2,152 1,816 84.4 1,793 23 1.3 336 2,157 1,785 82,7 1,760 25 2,011 879 43.7 852 28 3.1 1,131 2,034 21,734 22,201 912 10,327 10,844 47.5 48.8 44.8 891 9,679 10,198 IV IV IV IV IV IV IV 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1977 1978 45,851 27,840 60.7 26,148 1,692 6.1 18,011 46,636 28,661 61.5 27,006 1,656 5.8 17,962 Total Civilian noninstitutional population . . . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 106,825 108,490 45,210 67,769 69,950 27,746 63.4 64.5 61.4 63,388 66,065 25,507 4,381 3,884 2,239 39,056 1,791 Males, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population . . . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 44,747 36,174 80.8 34,501 1,673 /• a H. 0 8,573 45,652 18,601 18,819 26,146 36,908 14,488 14,656 21,686 80.8 82.9 77.9 77.9 35,497 13,543 13,893 20,958 946 764 727 647 667 619 8,744 4,113 4,162 4,460 4,582 4,780 4,863 1,411 O Q J.o J.O 19,362 19,680 14,917 15,189 77,0 77.2 14,274 14,595 594 644 1 j. A ^ 3.9 *• < X. H 4,491 372 4,444 J Females, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population . . . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 50,926 51,768 22,206 25,512 26,764 11,026 49.7 51.7 50.1 23,817 25,308 10,206 821 1,456 1,695 6.6 25,414 22,544 28,720 29,224 23,745 24,235 11,621 14,486 15,143 11,206 11,756 48.5 47.2 51.8 50.4 51.5 10,890 13,611 14,418 10,531 11,089 731 6.3 874 6.0 725 4.8 675 6.0 667 5.7 25,004 11,180 10,922 14,234 14,082 12,539 12,479 6,748 3,852 57.1 3,311 6,700 4,000 59.7 3,442 5,316 2,883 54.2 2,457 5,359 2,935 54,8 2,500 5.4 7.4 20 2.2 647 6.3 647 6.0 1,122 11,408 11,357 604 307 4,755 2,596 54.6 2,195 4,755 2,628 55,3 2,212 Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian noninstitutional population . . . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 11,151 11,070 4,403 6,083 6,278 2,231 56.7 50.7 54.6 5,070 5,261 1,759 472 1,017 1,013 16,2 21.2 16.7 5,068 4,792 2,172 4,370 2,278 52.1 1,819 459 20.1 2,093 541 14,0 2,896 558 14.0 2,699 426 14.8 2,434 435 14.8 2,424 561 287 51.1 262 25 8.8 274 50.9 288 19 6.2 297 401 416 15.4 2,160 15.8 2,127 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force .. 92,307 93,652 34,754 35,059 57,553 58,593 46,057 46,685 5.8,854 60,611 21,535 22,008 37,319 38,603 28,228 28,907 61.9 61.3 65.9 64.8 62.8 62,0 64.7 63.8 55,622 57,756 20,200 20,859 35,422 36,897 26,756 27,474 1,472 1,705 1,898 1,432 1,149 3,233 2,854 1,335 4,459 2,835 63.6 2,773 62 52 5.2 5.0 1.8 19,991 17,829 17,778 2.2 1,624 6.2 5.2 5.1 33,041 13,219 13,050 20,234 14,517 14,839 10,455 9,339 6,211 8,914 62.9 59.4 61.4 7,766 8,309 5,307 903 1,030 1,148 11.0 14.5 12.9 5,603 5,500 4,246 10,674 6,548 61.3 5,743 4,062 2,703 66.5 2,459 5.5 33,453 4.7 4.4 4,476 41,598 42,209 2,840 25,393 26,067 61.0 63.4 61.8 2,788 23,983 24,686 1,636 1,410 5.6 1,380 5.3 16,205 16,142 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population . . . Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 806 12.3 4,126 245 9.1 1,357 4,165 2,791 67.0 2,566 224 8.0 1,374 4,518 2,594 57.4 2,298 296 11.4 1,924 4,747 2,759 58.1 2,471 288 10.4 1,988 265 147 55.4 133 14 9.5 118 319 164 51.5 151 13 7.7 155 4,253 2,447 57.5 2,165 4,428 2,595 58.6 2,320 282 275 11.5 1,806 10.6 1,833 71 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race (Number in thousands) Total United States Poverty areas Employment status Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas areas IV 1977 IV 1978 Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas IV 1977 IV 1978 TV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 11,039 6,063 54,9 5,360 95,205 61,504 64.6 57,926 3,578 . 5.8 33,701 97,451 63,887 65.6 60,706 3,181 5.0 33,564 17,666 10,124 57.3 9,542 17,796 10,184 57.2 9,548 581 636 5.7 7,543 6.2 7,613 32,908 20,698 62.9 19,512 1,186 5.7 12,210 33,635 21,482 63.9 20,397 1,085 5.0 12,153 87,961 57,433 65.3 54,835 2,598 14,590 8,456 58.0 8,055 14,662 8,501 58.0 8,054 31,467 19,772 62.8 18,701 1,072 5 4 11,695 32,022 20,406 63.7 19,420 986 4 8 11,617* IV 1977 IV 1978 29,286 16,388 56.0 15,004 1,385 8.4 12,897 28,836 16,247 56.3 14,907 1,339 8.2 12,589 128,114 131*086 82,202 85,368 64.2 65.1 77,439 81,103 4,764 4,265 5.0 5.8 45,717 45,911 11,619 6,265 53.9 5,461 803 703 12.8 5,355 11.6 4,976 20,547 11,758 57.2 11,076 20,354 11,678 57.4 10,976 119,983 77,839 64.9 74,255 3,584 4.6 42,144 5,957 3,303 55.4 3,021 5,691 3,177 55.8 2,921 11,103 7,530 67.8 6,848 Total Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate . . . . Not in labor force White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate . . . . Not in labor force . . . . . 682 703 5.8 8,788 6.0 8,675 117,817 75,324 63.9 71,301 4,023 5.3 42,493 8,739 4,630 53.0 3,927 8,482 4,568 53.9 3,931 10,296 6,878 66.8 6,137 282 256 86,350 55,552 64.3 52,601 2,951 400 447 8.5 2,654 2,514 30,799 30,527 6,134 6,162 5,662 2,962 52.3 2,441 5,348 2,886 54.0 2,438 8,855 5,952 67.2 5,326 9,490 6,453 68.0 5,871 3,077 1,668 54.2 1,487 3,134 1,683 53.7 1,493 583 181 190 115 99 9.0 3,037 10.9 1,408 11.3 1,451 12.4 515 9.2 537 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 703 637 741 681 521 447 627 15.2 4,109 13.9 3,914 10.8 3,418 9.0 3,574 17.6 2,700 15.5 2,463 10.5 2,902 1,613 1,076 66.7 978 1,441 926 64.2 811 A-71. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race Total United States Poverty areas Sex, age, and race Metropolitan areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 A.I 6.1 15.1 5.0 3.3 A.9 14.8 5.7 3.6 6.4 16.3 6.2 A.A 6.8 15.A 5.7 4.2 5.9 1A.0 5.0 3.3 5.1 1A.6 8.1 6.5 7.6 20.5 5.3 3.7 5.6 13.6 4.5 3.0 4.5 13.4 A.7 3.0 5.2 13.2 5.3 3.9 5.6 12.A 5.4 4.0 5.6 12.9 A.8 3.1 5.0 13.5 15.5 12.1 13.5 A1.3 10.5 7.6 10.1 3A.3 9.0 6.6 8.2 31.2 10.9 6.5 11.5 32.2 11.3 7.0 12.3 29.2 12.4 8.9 10.3 37.5 9.2 6.7 6.5 IV 1977 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 IV 1978 IV 1977 8.4 6.1 8.4 22.1 8,2 6.0 8.3 21.2 5.8 4.1 6.1 14.8 5,0 3.3 5.0 1A.7 12.8 10.5 11.5 31.A 11.6 9.0 10.6 31.1 5.8 5.8 4.1 6.2 14.3 6.0 4.6 6.2 14.5 5.3 3.8 5.6 13.4 A.6 3.1 A.6 13.A 8.5 6.9 8,8 17.A 15.2 11.8 13.2 40.7 13.9 10.2 13,1 36.8 10.8 7.7 10.1 34.9 9.0 6.6 7.9 32.0 17.6 15.0 1A.1 A5.0 IV Nonmetropolitan areas Nonpoverty areas IV Total Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . . Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over . . . . Both sexes, 16-19 years White Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . . Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over . . . . Both sexes, 16-19 years Black and other Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . . Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over . . . . Both sexes, 16-19 years 72 35.7 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members (Numbers in thousands) IV 1977 IV 1978 Percent of unemployed: Percent of unemployed: Family relationship Total With no employed person in family With at least With at least one person in one employed family emperson in ployed full family time With no employed person in family With at least With at least one person in family emperson in ployed full family time one employed TOTAL 6,149 Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 3 61.6 55.0 5,605 38.0 62.0 56.3 28.9 49.7 14.1 10.4 71.1 50.3 85.9 89.6 63, 38. 79. 85. 4,775 963 1,206 1,548 27.2 48.5 10.7 11.0 72.8 51.5 89.3 89.0 66.1 39.1 83.9 85.3 79.5 34.0 20.5 66.0 14.4 55.4 379 679 830 79.7 33.9 20.3 66.1 13.7 58.0 36.6 63.4 56.8 4,287 35.9 64.1 58.5 4,050 1,017 1,099 1,284 26.4 49.6 13.6 9.1 73.6 50.4 86.4 90.9 66.0 37.5 80.5 87.5 3,638 801 1,019 1,217 24.5 48.8 10.2 9.8 75.5 51.2 89.8 90.2 68.9 38.8 84.6 87.0 247 403 655 Husbands 2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families 38.4 4,705 Unemployed, in families' 5,320 1,219 1,328 1,638 409 726 829 Unemployed, total 71.7 30.3 28.3 69.7 19.4 58.1 218 383 649 75.2 29.2 24.8 70.8 17.0 61.9 1,336 44.4 55.6 49.2 1,194 45.1 54.9 48.4 1,186 179 202 332 37.4 49.7 17.3 15.1 62.6 50.3 82.7 84.9 55.4 40.8 75.7 77.7 1,03 7 141 166 295 36.7 46.8 13.3 16.3 63.3 53.2 86.7 83.7 55.7 39.0 80.1 77.6 158 315 150 92.4 39.0 7.6 61.0 6.3 51.7 156 279 157 85.3 40.1 14.7 59.9 9.6 52.3 White Unemployed, total Unemployed, in families' Husbands 2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families Women who head families Relatives o f female heads Unemployed, not ir\ families 3 Black 4 Unemployed, total Unemployed, in families 1 Husbands 2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families . . . . Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 3 In primary families only. 2 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families. According t o the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and o t h e r " population group. 4 73 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members (Numbers in thousands) IV 1977 IV 1978 Percent of employed: Percent of employed: Family relationship Total With no other With snotlt0r employed per- employed perper employed-person in family son in family With another person in family employed full time With no other With another employed per- employed person in family son in family With another person in family employed full time TOTAL Employed, total Employed, in families1 Husbands2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families , Women who head families Relatives of female heads . Employed, not in families3 . Employed, total Employed, in families1 . 2 Husbands Wives Relatives in husband-wife families . Women who head families Relatives of female heads Employed, not in families3 Employed, total Employed, in families1 . Husbands2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families Women who head families . Relatives of female heads . Employed, not in families3 . See footnote 1, table A-72. See footnote 2, table A-72. 74 92,442 79,990 39,339 21,471 11,734 4,208 3,238 12,452 37.9 28.2 41.4 8.6 6.2 66.5 27.9 62.1 71.8 58.6 91.4 93.8 33.5 72.1 52.9 61.1 42.3 86.8 90.6 23.8 60.8 96,010 82,485 39,859 22,478 12,290 4,523 3,335 13,525 37.2 26.9 39.2 7.9 6.5 67.3 27.3 62.8 73.1 60.8 92, 93, 32, 72, 53.7 62.5 44.2 88.1 90.2 21.6 61.9 82,378 37.4 27.9 41.9 8.1 6.1 64.3 27.8 62.6 72. 58, 91. 93.9 35.7 72.2 53.1 61.1 41.4 87.3 90.8 24.8 61.1 85,230 73,468 36,309 20,193 11,102 3,352 2,512 11,762 36.7 26.5 39.7 7.5 6.4 65.0 26.5 63.3 73.5 60.3 92.5 93.6 35.0 73.5 53.9 62.6 43.2 88.6 90.6 22.7 63.0 8,574 42.7 7,252 2,877 1,817 819 1,053 686 1,322 32.3 36.6 13.4 7.6 74.1 29.6 57.3 67.7 63.4 86.6 92.4 25.9 70.4 50.3 59.5 52.2 81.6 87.8 19.8 58.3 9,113 7,628 2,942 1,882 940 1,096 768 1,485 42.3 31.1 34.9 11.6 8.8 74.2 29.7 57.7 68.9 65.1 88.4 91.2 25.8 70.3 50.8 60, 54. 83.0 85.1 18.7 58.5 71,498 | 35,938 19,295 10,705 3,084 2,476 10,880 See footnote 3, table A-72. See footnote 4, table A-72. ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division 1919 to date Goods-producing Year and month Mining Construction 133 239 089 185 114 050 087 009 1, 036 863 1, 461 , 570 , 623 , 621 , 512 , 387 Service-producing Manufacturing 2, 676 2, 603 2, 800 2, 846 2, 915 2, 995 3, 065 3, 148 533 526 2, 532 2, 622 2 54 816 672 750 786 973 134 863 936 038 5, 284 4, 683 4, 755 5, 281 5, 431 5, 809 6, 265 6, 179 6, 426 6, 750 1, 762 1, 835 4, 664 4, 914 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 169 2, 918 2, 861 3, 045 3, 128 3, 312 3, 503 3, 458 3, 502 3, 665 3, 264 3, 225 3, 166 3, 299 3, 481 3, 668 3, 756 3,883 3, 995 4, 202 560 559 565 652 753 826 833 829 905 996 2, 704 666 601 647 2, 728 842 923 054 090 3, 206 20, 574 21, 636 22,320 22,53 6 22,867 24, 404 25, 348 26, 092 26, 189 26. 691 3, 274 3, 460 3, 647 829 906 061 166 189 001 4, 034 7, 210 7, 118 6, 982 7, 058 7, 314 8, 376 8, 955 9, 272 9, 264 9, 386 1, 960 1, 906 1, 822 1, 845 1, 949 2, 291 2, 471 605 602 2, 635 5, 250 5, 212 5, 160 5, 213 5, 365 6, 085 6, 484 6, 667 6, 662 6, 751 1, 525 1, 509 1, 481 I, 461 1, 481 1, 675 1, 728 1, 800 1, 828 3, 905 066 130 660 483 080 043 944 595 474 650 856 02 6 1, 340 2, 213 2, 905 2, 928 2, 808 2, 254 1, 892 1, 863 1, 908 1, 928 3, 320 3, 270 3, 174 3, 116 3, 137 3, 341 3, 582 3, 787 3, 948 4, 098 16, 393 16, 632 17, 549 16, 314 16, 882 17,243 17, 174 15, 945 16, 675 16, 796 27, 860 28,595 29, 128 2 9, 2 39 30, 128 31, 265 31, 889 31, 811 32, 857 33, 755 4, 226 4, 248 4, 290 4, 084 4, 141 4, 244 4, 241 3, 976 4, 011 4, 004 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 742 004 247 235 535 858 886 750 127 391 2, 727 2, 812 2, 8 54 2, 867 2, 926 3, 018 3, 028 2, 980 3, 082 3, 143 , 015 192 , 393 , 368 , 609 , 840 , 8 58 , 770 8, 045 8, 248 1, 956 2, 035 2, 111 200 298 389 438 2, 481 2, 549 2, 629 389 609 645 751 914 277 616 839 083 353 2, 302 2, 420 2, 305 2, 188 2, 187 2, 209 2, 217 2, 191 2, 233 2, 270 087 188 340 563 4, 727 069 399 648 850 6, 083 16, 326 16, 853 16, 995 17, 274 18, 062 19, 214 19, 447 19,776 20, 167 19,367 18, 623 19, 151 20, 154 20, 077 18, 323 18, 997 19, 647 20, 331 34, 142 35, 098 36, 013 37, 278 38, 839 40, 743 42,495 44, 160 46, 023 47, 302 48, 278 50, 007 51, 897 53, 471 54, 345 56, 030 57, 968 60, 380 3, 903 906 903 95] 036 158 268 4, 318 4, 442 4, 515 4, 476 4, 541 4, 656 4, 72 5 4, 542 4, 582 4, 696 4, 858 11, 337 11, 566 11, 778 12, 160 12, 716 13, 24 5 13, 606 14, 099 14, 705 15, 040 15, 352 15, 949 16, 607 16, 987 17, 060 17,755 18, 492 19, 392 3, 133 3, 198 3, 248 3, 337 3, 466 3, 597 3, 689 3, 779 3, 907 3, 993 4, 001 4, 113 4, 277 4, 433 4, 415 4, 546 4, 697 4, 8 97 8, 204 8, 368 8, 530 8, 823 9, 250 9, 648 9, 917 10, 320 10, 798 11, 047 11, 351 11, 836 12, 329 12, 5 54 12, 645 13, 209 13, 795 14, 496 2, 688 2, 754 2, 830 2, 911 2, 977 3, 058 3, 185 3, 337 3, 512 3, 645 3, 772 3, 908 4, 046 4, 148 4, 165 4, 271 4, 452 4, 676 7, 620 7, 982 8, 277 8, 660 9, 036 9, 498 10, 045 10, 567 11, 169 11, 548 11, 797 12,276 12,857 13, 441 13, 892 14, 551 15, 249 5, 976 8, 594 8, 890 9, 225 9, 596 10, 074 10, 784 11, 391 11, 83V 12,195 12, 554 12,881 13, 334 13, 732 14,170 14, 686 14, 871 15, 079 15, 478 279 340 3 58 348 378 564 719 737 758 2, 731 2, 696 2, 684 2, 663 2, 724 2, 748 2, 733 2, 727 2, 754 6, 315 6, 550 6, 868 7, 248 7, 696 8, 220 8, 672 9, 102 9, 437 9, 823 10, 185 10, 649 11, 068 11, 446 11. 937 12, 138 12, 352 12, 723 4, 797 14, 771 4, 533 15, 54 0 15, 482 2, 724 12, 7 58 768 780 815 843 870 934 930 930 932 970 987 004 14, 038 13, 835 13, 986 14, 210 14, 397 14, 565 14, 539 14, 58 9 14, 702 14, 731 14, 980 15, 374 , 52 6 , 550 4, 577 4, 609 4, 642 4, 712 4, 746 4, 754 4, 724 4, 732 4, 761 4, 774 5, 316 5, 482 5, 678 5, 866 5, 975 6, 138 6, 213 6, 235 6, 159 6, 201 6, 228 6, 215 15, 352 15, 599 15, 726 15, 766 15, 808 15, 691 14, 929 14, 759 15, 132 15, 556 15, 703 15, 710 , 711 , 720 , 72 5 , 739 , 756 , 802 ,815 , 793 , 744 , 746 2, 746 2, 755 12,641 12,879 13, 001 13, 027 13, 052 12,88 9 12, 114 11, 966 12, 388 12, 810 12, 957 12, 955 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 ... ... . .. ... . .. ... . .. .. . ... ... 26, 635 23, 615 23, 699 25, 940 27, 039 29, 068 31, 011 29, 194 30, 603 32, 361 10, 8, 8, 10, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 272 647 965 261 893 933 936 401 297 221 873 731 744 883 897 946 1, 015 891 854 92 5 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ... .. .. . . .. .. ... .. .. .. 36, 40, 42, 41, 40, 41, 43, 44, 43, 45, 15, 963 18,470 20, 114 19, 328 17, 507 17, 248 18, 509 18, 774 17, 565 18, 506 957 992 92 5 892 836 862 955 994 930 901 1, 814 2, 198 1, 587 1, 108 1, 147 1, 683 Z, 009 2, 198 2, 194 2, 364 13, 192 15, 280 17, 602 17, 328 15, 524 14,703 15, 545 15, 582 14, 441 15, 241 929 898 866 791 792 822 828 751 732 712 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 637 668 659 646 839 039 962 817 004 926 672 650 635 634 632 62 7 613 606 619 62 3 609 628 642 697 752 779 809 837 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 859 948 010 097 232 317 248 350 575 588 704 889 097 020 525 576 833 213 47, 819 48,793 50, 202 48,990 50, 641 52, 369 52, 853 51, 324 53, 268 54, 189 19, 20, 21, 19, 20, 21, 20, 19, 20, 20, 1961 ... 1962 . . . 1963 . . . 1964 ... 1965 ... 1966 . . . 1967 .. . 1968 . .. 1969 . . . 1970 . . . 1971 . . . 1972 . .. 1973 .. . 1974 ... 1975 . .. 1976 ... 1977 ... 1978P. . . 1977: Dec. 1978: Jan.. . Feb . . Mar . . Apr.. May . June . July. . Aug . . Sept. . Oct .. Nov.P Dec.P 53, 999 55, 549 56, 653 58,283 60, 765 63, 901 65, 803 67,892 70, 384 70,880 71,214 73, 675 76, 790 78,265 76, 945 79. 382 82,256 8 5, 760 19, 857 20, 451 20, 640 21, 005 21, 926 23, 158 23, 308 23,732 24, 361 23,578 22,935 23, 668 24, 893 24,794 22, 600 23, 352 24,288 25, 381 959 198 074 751 513 104 964 513 411 434 10, 10, 9, 10, 10, 9, 10, 9, 659 658 939 156 001 947 702 562 14, 14, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 17, 250 580 277 895 224 368 023 451 8, 170 • 16, 363 1, 229 14, 968 6, 931 985 824 7, 397 14, 734 877 8, 501 15, 679 927 9, 069 16, 146 1, 160 9, 827 17, 135 1, 127 10, 794 18,075 1, 070 9, 440 17, 793 18, 306 1, 165 10, 278 1, 311 10, 98 5 19, 140 3, 84,464 24, 568 682 3, 896 19, 990 59, 896 4, 773 19, 568 82, 724 82, 962 83,897 85, 075 85, 796 86, 799 8 5, 92 5 86, 134 86, 688 87, 303 87, 779 88,043 24, 018 23, 996 24, 356 24,973 25, 262 25, 839 2 5, 712 25, 997 26, 131 26, 161 26, 150 25, 976 669 668 686 8 58 870 895 900 902 894 897 903 896 3, 507 3, 464 3, 675 4, 014 4, 183 4, 462 4, 572 4, 633 4, 586 4, 601 4, 516 4, 347 19, 842 19, 864 19, 995 20, 101 20,209 20, 482 20, 240 20, 462 20, 651 20, 663 20, 731 20, 733 58, 706 58, 966 59, 541 60, 102 60, 534 60, 960 60,213 60, 137 60, 557 6 1 , 142 61, 629 62,067 4, 706 4, 720 4, 759 4, 808 4, 842 4, 920 4, 856 4, 870 4, 908 4, 952 4, 970 4, 990 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 1.9, 19, 19, 20, 1 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion, has resulted in an increase of 212,000(0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month. State and local 253 352 857 033 154 251 425 361 12, 8Z8 12,760 12,489 12,911 12, 738 12, 618 13, 301 11, 958 1951 ... 1952 .. . 1953 . . . 1954 . . . 1955 . . . 1956 . . . 1957 ... 1958 . . . 1959 \ .. 1960 . .. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 27, 078 27, 340 28,766 29, 806 29, 962 29, 986 31, 324 29, 409 . . . Whole sale trade 1, 096 1, 160 1, 218 1, 290 1, 352 1,420 1, 494 1, 460 ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... 539 106 434 864 374 652 857 866 754 197 3, 7 1 1 998 826 942 895 828 916 3, 685 Wholesale and retail trade 4, 514 4, 467 5, 576 5, 784 5, 908 5, 874 6, 123 5, 797 1919 1920 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 . . . . . Transportation and public utilities 806 615 801 053 267 499 469 519 634 701 967 378 4, 4, 4, 5, 392 326 280 304 320 373 417 410 447 485 5, 5, 5, 5, 222 697 025 181 240 357 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 547 699 835 969 240 497 708 765 087 378 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, p= preliminary. 75 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P Nov. 1977 84, 2 76 84, 464 87, 303 87, 779 88, 043 _ 68, 786 68, 982 71, 747 72, 076 72, 333 896 1977 TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR - Dec. 1977 N OV. Dec. 1977 _ _ 56, 449 Oct. 1978 56, 612 Nov. 1978 P _ _ 58, 771 59, 063 59, 273 685 678 841 682 897 903 82. 8 9.3 36.4 91.4 18.2 36.4 96. 9 25. 6 34.2 97.4 25. 5 34.3 COALMINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING 248. 0 244. 6 83. 7 80.3 245.4 242. 3 249. 5 246.4 390. 2 391. 7 427. 7 430.4 138 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services 171.6 218. 6 171. 7 220. 0 180. 3 247.4 181. 1 249. 3 14 142 144 147 N O N M E T A L L I C M I N E R A L S . EXCEPT F U E L S . . . . Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel Chemical and fertilizer minerals 120. 0 41. 8 36. 1 23.5 114. 8 39. 1 33.4 23.6 127. 44. 38. 23. 1 6 9 7 126. 1 44. 2 38.3 23. 7 4, 062 3, 896 4, 601 4, 516 3, 212 3, 043 3, 718 3, 633 1, 156. 0 1, 129.4 1. 295.4 605.6 597. 6 695. 1 78. 9 77.4 83. 1 471. 5 454.4 517.2 1, 280. 5 686.2 83. 6 510. 7 900. 7 463. 2 53.3 384. 2 869. 8 1, 026.9 450. 7 544. 4 52.0 55. 8 367. 1 426. 7 1, 009. 7 535.2 55.4 419. 1 988. 0 342. 1 645. 9 944. 6 311.4 633. 2 670. 2 231.2 439. 0 585. 7 177. 9 407. 8 2, 062. 0 2, 007. 6 2, 317O 3 497.2 497. 7 546.4 125. 7 132. 9 156. 3 351. 3 352. 7 387. 9 320. 4 330.4 379. 1 122. 8 125.2 138. 5 137.6 149. 2 173.4 2, 290. 9 542.6 153. 1 389. 5 376. 2 137. 0 168. 8 MINING 10 101 102 METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores 11, 12 12 13 131,2 CONSTRUCTION 15 152 153 154 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders . Nonresidential building construction 16 161 162 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 844. 0 271. 1 572. 9 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work 32-39 20-23, 26-31 - 499 678 68. 9 13. 5 28. 0 75.0 2 0. 9 26.2 75. 2 20. 7 26. 3 212'.. 6 209. 6 66. 3 63. 4 204. 2 201. 5 209. 0 206.2 - 272. 1 - 640 60. 3 5. 1 2 7. 6 273. 2 297. 2 299. 5 - 87. 2 184. 9 86. 7 186. 5 87.3 209. 9 88. 1 211. 4 - 95. 2 34, 7 90. 4 32. 2 101. 9 3 7. 7 101.0 37.3 : 4, 347 - - .- - - - 818. 8 298. 8 520. 0 777.2 269.6 507.6 1, 641. 3 1, 587.2 1, 872. 1 421. 5 377. 5 376. 6 112. 0 132. 8 104. 8 274. 1 272.2 305. 6 283. 9 2 74. 2 331. 3 97. 8 95. 8 109. 3 121. 8 110. 7 144. 0 1, 845. 9 417. 7 130. 0 307.2 328. 0 107. 8 139. 7 _ - 3, 454 — - - 19, 977 NONDURABLE GOODS 20, 663 20, 731 20, 733 14, 3S7 14, 378 14, 878 14, 93 5 14, 937 11, 877 12, 411 12, 482 12, 518 8, 503 8, 540 8, 926 8, 987 9, 018 8, 161 DURABLE GOODS 19, 990 11, 816 MANUFACTURING 24, 25, 759. 0 215. 8 543.2 Dec. 1978 P 8, 113 8, 2 52 8, 249 8, 215 5, 884 5, 83 8 5, 952 5, 948 5, 919 741. 3 86.4 233. 8 194.4 32. 8 212. 1 77. 0 47.3 26. 2 46.9 42. 0 85. 7 58. 6 81.3 743. 0 83. 3 233. 9 194. 3 33.0 211. 8 76. 8 48. 0 26. 0 46. 8 41. 8 90. 7 64.4 81. 5 761. 1 93. 0 240. 5 200. 0 33. 8 215.2 77. 5 47. 8 26.2 47. 6 43. 0 83.4 57. 3 86. 0 755. 0 90. 2 239.3 199. 0 33. 5 215.2 77. 2 48. 3 26.4 47. 3 42.6 81. 1 55. 5 86. 6 752.2 63 5. 0 70. 9 209. 2 174. 2 29. 1 180. 8 63. 8 40. 1 23.4 41.5 37. 1 69. 1 48. 3 67. 9 634. 7 67. 7 209.2 174. 0 29. 3 180. 0 63. 8 40. 4 23.0 41.4 36. 8 72.9 52. 9 6 8. 1 652. 3 76.9 215. 3 179. 6 29. 7 181. 9 64. 0 39. 6 23.4 41. 8 38. 1 67. 7 48. 7 72. 4 644. 3 74. 0 213. 7 17 8.3 29.4 181.0 63. 5 39. 7 23.6 41. 3 37.6 65.2 46. 6 72. 8 642. 0 480. 9 397. 1 146.4 101. 3 30.3 32. 1 42. 7 24. 0 60. 7 26.4 484. 2 32 8. 7 147.4 102. 2 30.4 32.2 43. 5 24.2 61.0 26. 8 491. 4 331.4 146. 3 104. 9 30. 0 33.4 45. 5 24. 9 63. 7 2 5. 9 492. 8 332. 3 146. 7 105.4 30. 9 32. 2 45. 8 24. 9 63. 7 26. 1 493.2 396. 7 279. 0 129. 2 84. 9 24.4 25. 1 34.6 18.3 46.3 18. 5 398. 9 2 80. 1 130.2 85. 6 24. 3 25. 1 35. 1 18. 5 46. 5 18. 7 404. 5 281. 8 129. 4 87. 1 24. 1 26. 1 3 7. 0 18. 9 48. 8 18. 0 405. 8 282. 9 130.0 87.4 25.0 25. 1 37. 2 19. 0 48. 6 18. 1 405. 1 DURABLE GOODS 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets .. Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprinos Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures See footnotes at end of table. 76 . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued [In thousands] All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry 1977 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 3296 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Ready-mixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products Mineral wool 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools,and hand saws and blades . . . Hardware, nee 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 Nov. Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgmgs and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and acessories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery 687. 9 21.9 137. 9 78. 1 59- 8 44. 8 31. 2 52. 0 47. 7 204. 3 23. 3 70.2 90. 2 135. 3 26. 6 21. 7 30. 0 Production workers Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P 678. 21. 136. 77. 0 7 7 9 709- 6 18. 8 138. 9 58. 44. 31. 51. 8 7 1 5 77.8 61. 1 48.7 32. 1 52. 2 48. 6 214. 9 25. 0 73. 0 95.8 142. 8 28. 9 22.8 30. 7 698. 9 _ _ _ _ _ - 551. 4 17. 7 119. 7 70. 1 49. 6 46. 9 196. 7 22. 7 68. 7 84.8 136. 5 27. 3 21. 3 30. 3 709- 6 18. 7 138. 6 77. 0 61. 6 49- 3 32. 3 52. 3 48. 9 212. 6 25. 1 72. 4 94. 0 144. 2 29. 2 23. 1 31. 2 104. 8 50. 6 35.8 25. 5 41. 2 40. 8 169- 4 17.8 57. 2 77. 2 107. 8 16.8 19. 1 16.4 19. 8 17. 7 2 3 0. 1 1, 238. 0 559.8 475. 1 30.4 246. 2 155. 0 23.4 56. 4 68. 3 34. 6 212. 3 34. 2 37. 6 83.8 97. 3 53. 6 916. 3 918. 1 961. 9 417. 5 355. 5 22. 1 418. 7 357.2 21. 9 193. 1 12 5. 7 192. 9 125. 1 16.4 43. 7 52.4 26.9 144. 2 21. 5 24. 3 61. 7 77. 7 44. 0 441. 376. 2 3. 197. 1, 174. 0 1, 175. 5 1, 220. 3 557. 5 537. 5 537.4 473. 7 456. 0 455.8 28.7 28.7 29. 8 235. 5 235. 4 241. 3 151. 1 150. 1 150. 4 2 0. 5 23. 2 20. 8 54.2 54. 7 55.8 67. 0 67. 0 68. 4 33. 2 34. 5 33. 1 210. 8 197. 1 199- 0 33. 3 28.4 28.2 37. 5 33. 4 32. 9 82. 1 83. 1 83. 4 95. 9 93. 5 93. 8 52. 2 52. 0 52. 9 1, 1, 617. 9 1, 620. 4 1, 684. 9 77.4 75. 2 73. 7 62.2 63. 5 60. 6 182. 5 184. 5 189- 8 59.2 64. 5 59. 8 107. 4 108. 7 108. 9 71.5 71.3 70 7 25. 7 26. 1 26. 5 34. 6 34. 2 33. 9 513. 2 488. 8 488. 9 103. 6 100. 1 100. 3 84.2 86. 9 84. 1 147. 8 141. 9 14Z.8 104. 1 98. 0 98. 1 32. 5 33. 9 32. 0 103. 7 110. 1 103. 0 49.2 52. 9 48. 6 57. 2 54. 5 54. 4 305. 3 298. 0 299. 1 51. 4 55. 1 51. 2 117. 0 118. 1 116.8 121. 3 119. 2 119- 9 95. 2 94. 1 98. 9 67. 0 70. 4 66. 9 28.2 27. 2 28. 5 57. 0 57. 6 59. 1 24. 3 24. 5 24. 3 248.2 259. 6 246.8 98.4 100. 1 97.8 52. 9 49. 0 49. 1 1, 2, 234. 5 2 , 264. 0 2 , 3 8 3 . 6 136. 3 131. 3 123. 9 45. 2 44. 9 44. 7 79.2 86. 4 91. 1 165. 0 164. 7 164. 9 148.2 147. 9 148. 9 365. 4 397. 6 363.8 176. 3 163.2 164. 5 2, 694. 77. 64. 191. 7 1, 703. 5 8 0 3 64. 9 110. 0 72. 3 26.8 34. 1 515. 5 104. 7 87.2 148. 9 104. 6 34. 1 111. 6 53. 5 58. 1 307. 8 56. 0 118. 9 121. 5 - — - 99. 2 70. 9 28. 3 59. 3 24. 7 259. 9 101. 1 53.4 406. 1 2, 436. 2 137.2 — 45. 0 92.2 165. 149401. 177. 9 0 0 9 - Nov. 1977 33.7 24.8 41. 7 40. 3 159. 9 15. 9 55. 2 72.2 103. 5 18. 5 Dec. 1977 542.2 17. 5 118. 5 69- 9 48. 6 33.4 24. 7 41.2 39. 4 153. 0 15. 5 54. 0 66. 9 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P 564. 6 14. 4 119. 4 68. 8 - - 16. 7 43.2 52. 0 26. 7 143. 5 21.4 24. 3 60. 9 77. 9 44. 1 Dec. 1978 P 565. 14. 119. 68. 51. 36. 25. 41. 41. 167. 17. 57. 75. 108. 20. 17. 7 5 4 1 3 7 9 3 3 7 9 0 5 6 0 8 554. 3 972. 0 443. 9 378. 3 23. 9 2 02. 3 129. 6 19- 1 980. 9 - - 3 8 2 5 125. 9 18. 9 44. 8 53. 5 28.0 154. 5 25. 28. 61. 7944. 9 1 9 6 6 45. 4 53. 4 28. 1 156. 2 26. 6 28.4 62. 5 80. 9 45. 2 _ _ _ _ _ — - 1, 230. 7 1, 230.6 61. 7 63. 0 51. 2 52. 6 142. 5 143. 9 46. 1 46. 6 84. 7 85. 3 53.0 53. 3 21. 0 21. 3 24. 3 24. 5 346. 8 348. 1 72. 1 71. 8 65. 0 64. 8 93.2 93.8 72. 7 72. 2 22. 9 23.2 80. 9 81.4 40. 0 40. 6 40. 9 40. 8 243. 7 242.8 41. 3 41. 3 99.6 99. 7 93. 6 94. 3 77. 3 78. 5 55. 6 55.8 21. 7 22. 7 40. 4 39- 8 17. 4 17. 4 182. 7 181. 5 66. 5 65. 8 37. 7 37.8 1,281.4 1, 289. 5 1, 294. 6 65. 0 65. 5 _ 53. 6 54. 3 _ 148. 0 149- 1 50. 8 50. 9 85. 1 86. 2 54. 1 53. 4 21. 8 21. 5 24. 4 2 3.8 365. 2 366. 9 75. 9 74. 9 65. 6 65. 8 97. 5 96. 6 77. 9 78. 1 24. 5 24. 6 86. 5 87. 8 43. 7 44. 1 43. 7 42.8 2 50. 4 248. 0 44. 0 44. 8 100. 8 99. 9 95. 7 96. 0 81. 4 81. 8 58.7 59.2 22. 7 22. 6 41. 2 41. 1 17. 1 17. 3 192. 7 192.8 68. 0 68.8 41.2 41. 1 1, 468. 9 1, 4 9 1 . 9 84. 5 79. 3 23. 6 23. 6 55. 7 60. 9 113. 7 113.4 102. 0 101. 9 243. 0 244. 9 112.4 114. 5 1, 570. 89. 23. 65. 1 1 587.8 1, 612. 3 — 0 89. 8 9 23. 7 — 1 66. 1 115. 1 116. 7 — 104. 3 104. 8 266. 4 268. 9 122. 2 120. 8 See footnotes at end of table. 77 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 197 8 P 23.2 54.9 19.3 27. 7 252.9 45. 1 16.0 104.0 46.0 25.2 126. 0 28.4 21.6 21.9 210. 8 37. 9 45. 6 17. 6 23. 9 17. 8 16. 5 167. 5 120. 1 132. 6 92.4 209. 8 31. 8 178.0 Dec. 1978 P 22.9 55.5 19. 1 28. 5 255. 5 45.9 16.2 104. 8 46. 7 25.2 128. 5 28. 8 22. 5 22. 1 212.7 37.8 46. 6 17.3 24. 1 18. 1 16.7 170. 5 122.3 130.8 91. 0 214.4 32. 5 181.9 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 3671-3 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies. . _ Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles See footnotes at end of table. 78 32.9 69. 9 30.4 35. 7 331.3 65.5 23. 0 127. 8 60.6 32.9 194. 1 44. 5 30.9 33.,2 301.'0 61.3 57. 8 28.2 36.2 24. 7 22.4 327.5 253.9 176.3 122.6 251.7 37.8 213.9 , 922.3 121.2 55.4 65. 8 236.4 128. 1 65.4 186.2 44. 7 21. 8 55. 7 210. 5 38.6 84.4 24. 0 24. 1 130. 9 100. 7 472. 8 151. 6 321.2 408. 6 41.4 150. 8 158. 6 155. 7 28.2 77.6 1, 878. 8 977.3 457. 3 49.0 443. 8 27. 2 461.9 249. 5 124.5 87.9 226. 9 180.4 46. 5 50. 0 77. 5 59. 1 33.3 70. 7 30. 8 34. 5 335.2 67. 1 23.3 129. 0 61.2 33. 5 195.4 44. 7 31.2 33.6 302.9 61.5 57.7 28.5 36.6 25.0 22.4 332.0 257.4 179.3 125.4 257.5 39.0 218. 5 36.0 78.6 32. 7 39.9 346.7 70.4 24.2 129.6 64. 8 33. 5 200. 8 45.9 30. 6 37.0 315.2 61.4 59. 1 30, 0 37.6 25.9 22. 7 362.2 2 84.0 188. 1 130. 5 272. 0 40. 2 231. 8 1. 925. 1 2, 006. 8 121. 1 121.2 55.9 57.2 65.2 64. 0 237.3 245. 8 129.4 132. 0 64.6 68.6 185.4 182.3 45.0 42. 1 22. 2 22. 0 54.0 54.3 220. 5 211.2 38. 7 38.9 84.7 91. 8 24. 2 23.2 24. 0 25.2 126. 2 129.2 99.3 99. 9 500. 9 474.9 152. 8 152.0 348. 1 322. 9 409. 7 449. 6 41. 6 43.4 150. 0 170. 5 173. 7 159. 9 160.3 156.3 29.4 28.3 80. 5 78. 1 35.9 79.3 32.8 40. 7 350.2 71.5 24.6 130.4 65. 7 33.5 203. 7 46.3 31. 8 37.2 318. 8 61. 5 60.4 30. 0 38. 1 26.3 22.9 365. 9 286.3 186.3 128.9 277. 1 41. 1 236. 0 , 018. 7 121. 8 57. 7 64. 1 248.0 133.0 69. 1 175. 0 38. 7 21. 5 52. 8 222.4 39.2 92.4 23. 5 25.2 126. 1 99.9 506. 5 153. 5 353. 0 456. 7 43. 8 174. 2 175.9 162. 2 29. 8 81.2 1, 916. 1 2, 010. 7 2, 029. 0 992.0 1, 006. 5 1, 015. 0 468.2 464.2 466. 6 53. 5 49. 5 54.0 457.3 462.3 446.4 31.5 32. 1 27.9 564. 5 553. 1 481.4 327. 7 320. 8 266. 7 137. 1 134.5 125.9 99.7 97. 8 88. 8 216.0 215.2 227. 7 166.9 167. 7 181.5 48.3 48.3 46.2 61.4 50.3 60.2 82. 8 81.9 83.0 62.6 63. 1 63.0 21. 1 47.4 18. 3 24. 7 241.4 42, 6 15. 1 102. 6 43, 1 24.. 5 122.3 27. 8 22. 0 19. 5 202.3 38.4 44.3 16. 8 23.4 17. 1 16.3 149. 7 105.4 124. 2 87. 1 193.3 30. 0 163. 3 21. 1 48.4 18. 7 23.3 245. 0 44. 0 15.4 103. 8 43.6 25. 1 123. 7 27.9 22.3 19. 8 203.3 3 8. 6 44.2 16. 8 23.6 17.3 16.2 151. 5 107. 1 127. 1 89. 8 198.2 31. 1 167. 1 2, 019. 8 1, 271. 1 1, 272. 0 1, 318. 8 1, 329.6 86. 9 87.5 86.6 80. 8 40. 7 41. 1 39.6 39. 1 46.2 46.4 47.0 47. 7 170.4 176.4 169. 5 178. 3 97. 1 99.3 96. 5 100. 5 42.3 44.6 44. 8 42. 3 137.3 145.3 146. 2 143.9 35.3 35. ]. 32. 7 29. 7 17. 0 16. 8 17.3 16. 7 42. 7 43. 7 42. 5 43. 8 160. 6 167. 7 169.6 160. 9 34.0 34. 1 34. 5 34. 0 59. 8 65.2 65. 7 59. 9 18.0 16.9 17.2 17. 9 18. 7 19.6 19. 5 19. 0 97. 1 94.4 94. 6 98. 0 72. 73.3 73.6 73. 3 232. 9 245. 2 250. 5 232. 0 103. 9 105. 7 10 6. 6 103. 5 129. 0 139. 5 143. 9 128. 5 258. 1 282. 5 288.3 2 5 7. 1 26.9 28.4 28.6 26. 8 71. 1 80. 7 83. 6 71. 9 113.3 123.4 125.3 112. 2 121. 0 121. 8 123. 5 120. 6 23.0 23.4 23.9 22. 9 62. 8 63. 8 64. 5 62.3 2, 046. 1 1, 303.2 765.2 344. 8 39. 0 360.3 21. 1 229. 1 104.3 70. 2 54.6 182.6 144.6 38. 0 36.4 24. 3 16. 5 1, 332.4 1, 432.2 1, 330. 7 1, 397. 6 1, 414. 0 799.0 777. 9 789. 1 351. 3 354.4 348. 3 39.3 43. 3 43.9 372.6 362. 5 378.4 21. 7 24.9 25.4 243. 2 293.0 300.2 116. 7 154.6 159. 1 71. 1 75. 8 77.0 ! 62.6 55.4 64.1 173. 5 183. 4 (*) 133. 7 145. 5 (*) 39. 8 39. 8 37.9 45.9 47. 0 36.5 25.6 25.4 26. 5 17.2 18.4 17. 1 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagriculturai payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978* Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 67.6 45.5 67.3 45.3 75.4 49.8 Dec 1978F 73.6 47.8 379 3792 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS. Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 625.6 65.2 204.0 48.4 46.9 73.3 26.4 131.5 51.6 62.6 41. 1 128.5 28.9 629.7 65.8 206.4 49.2 47. 1 74.4 26.4 133.0 52.3 63.2 41.2 128.2 28.7 666.6 69.6 218.5 48.9 49. 1 85.3 28.7 144.7 59.2 67.2 41.6 133.4 30. 1 674.4 70.3 221.8 48.6 49. 7 86.4 29.3 147.6 61.3 67.8 41.4 134.0 30.0 39 391 3911 393 394 3942, 4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays 452.9 63. 41. 23. 122. 57.8 64.2 35. 1 66.2 36.4 142.3 50.5 440. 5 62.8 40.8 23.9 109. 3 45.4 63.9 34.6 67.3 37. 3 142.6 51.7 475.5 63.8 40.3 26.0 125.2 64.4 60.8 35.3 73.7 41.9 151.5 54.2 471.2 63.6 40.4 26.4 120.8 60.8 60.0 35.4 74.3 42.2 150.7 54.2 20 201 2011 2013 2016 202 2022 2026 203 2032 2033 2037 204 2041 2048 205 2051 2052 206 2061-3 2065 207 208 2082 2086 209 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables' Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products ,709.4 1,680.0 356.2 357.9 , 709.0 21 211 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978* Dec. 1978P 51.4 36.1 51. 1 35.9 57.9 39.8 56.7 38.5 677.8 382.6 31.2 129.3 33.7 24.9 45.5 15.5 88.3 34.7 42.2 30.5 65.5 22.3 385.6 31. 7 131.3 34.4 24.9 46.4 15.3 89.6 35.2 42.8 30.5 65.2 22.0 409.2 34.7 139.3 33.7 26.3 54.4 16.3 96.1 39.2 45. 1 30.7 68.7 23.4 416.4 35.8 141. 9 33.7 26.7 55. 1 17. 1 98.9 41.5 45.4 30. 6 69.0 23. 1 421. 0 452. 1 346.9 47. 0 29.8 19. 1 93.7 43.0 50.7 25.4 53.9 30.0 107.8 36. 1 335,3 46.3 29.4 19.3 81. 9 31.3 50.6 24.9 54.7 30.8 108.2 37.2 365.8 47.4 29.3 21.2 98.2 50.2 48.0 25.4 59.7 34.2 113.9 39.2 361.6 47. 1 29.4 21.6 94.1 46.6 47.5 25.5 60. 9 35. 1 112.4 39.0 343. 1 1,689.4 1,159.5 1, 132.4 2 94. 1 295.9 138.6 139.2 51.2 51.0 91.8 93. 1 97. 9 98.2 24.3 24. 1 52.8 52.9 162.3 184.5 20. 1 20.0 52.2 67.7 35. 1 38.9 97.4 98.2 16.2 16.2 37.8 37.9 135.6 135.5 104.7 104.3 30. 9 31.2 91.4 92.4 30.2 29. 1 47.4 49.5 31.4 31.3 106.5 107. 1 34. 1 33.8 48.0 47.8 115.8 116.4 1,188. 1 300.2 138.3 50.6 98.5 99.2 24.7 52.4 199.7 20.7 77. 1 37.8 100.2 15.7 39.8 133. 1 100.9 32.2 92.9 29.3 48.5 29. 1 108. 0 33. 1 49.1 125.7 , 164.3 303.5 139.9 51.2 99.2 99. 1 24.6 52.6 176.4 19.8 61.0 36. 1 99.5 15.8 39.6 133. 6 101.7 31.9 1, 145.9 NONDURABLE GOODS ... 172.2 69.7 101.9 188.9 31.2 122.9 228.8 28.4 84. 0 44.8 144. 6 24.6 61. 1 233.8 194.4 39.4 116.8 36.5 60. 6 43.2 229.3 50.4 133.8 166. 1 171.6 70.0 100.5 188. 1 31.5 122.3 205.3 28.9 67 40. 7 144.0 24.7 61. 1 233. 1 194.2 38.9 116.5 38.2 58.6 42.8 228. 9 50. 6 134.2 165. 1 1,735.6 361.5 170.7 68.9 107.5 190.3 31.7 122. 1 242.7 29.0 93.5 43.0 147. 0 24.8 62.3 228.9 188.3 40. 6 118.5 38.3 59.6 40.3 230.4 49.3 138.4 176.0 77.4 49.5 78.4 49.7 78.6 49.2 76.8 49.4 75.3 62.4 38.7 63.4 38.9 63.8 38.5 62. 1 38.7 61. 0 920.6 159.7 124.7 20.3 26. 0 240.4 28.7 35.2 78.5 35.5 916.5 160.3 125. 1 20.6 26.3 234.4 28.9 35. 1 73. 1 35.5 910.4 152.5 121.4 20.8 26.2 243.2 30. 7 35.2 76.5 37.8 912.3 153.2 121.6 20.9 26.3 239.6 31.2 35.4 74. 1 37.6 910.5 801.4 143.8 111.6 16.9 22. 7 207.3 25.4 32.0 67.0 30.5 797.5 144.4 111.9 17. 1 23.0 201.7 25.6 31.8 61.7 30.6 792.8 137.2 108.5 17.4 22.9 210.2 27.5 32.0 65.1 32.5 795.6 138.0 108.8 17.4 23.1 207.4 28.0 32.2 63.3 32.3 793.7 365.2 172.5 69.3 108.4 188.7 31.6 121.5 218.5 28.6 76. 1 41.2 146.0 24.8 62. 0 229.4 139. 1 40.3 118.9 38.6 60. 1 40.8 229.0 48.9 138.4 172.5 92.8 29.4 48.8 29.6 106.6 32.8 48.5 123.2 See footnotes at end of table. 79 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills. Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings . . . 26 261.2.6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers N ov, 1977 Dec. 1977 36. 81. 33. 30. 61. 36. 80. 33. 30. 61. 7 3 5 4 4 134. 2 88. 2 22. 5 72. 6 Oct. 1978 3 9 8 3 4 135. 1 88.3 22. 3 72. 4 1,333. 7 1,313. 6 90. 8 89. 9 378.6 374. 8 104. 5 102. 9 88. 5 88.3 100. 5 100. 3 426. 0 413. 1 57. 4 56. 9 152. 4 159. 2 61. 1 66. 4 143. 0 142. 7 97. 2 96. 3 76. 20. 67. 26. 63. 3 9 8 6 0 191. 8 31. 7 52. 6 35. 7 75. 20. 67. 26. 60. 190. 9 31. 9 52. 5 36. 0 0 4 1 1 7 55. 0 24. 2 48. 0 697. 206. 177. 66. 210. 213. 8 41. 8 106. 4 214. 697. 205. 177. 66. 211. 32. 7 5 8 8 5 5 55. 24. 48. 42. 106. 5 1 7 6 8 0 3 4 0 0 4 32. 8 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commerical printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services- 1, 155. 4 1, 165. 4 401. 1 402. 8 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 284 2841 2842,3 2844 285 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins. Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations. . . Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals 1, 073. 9 1, 072. 9 163. 4 163. 7 106. 4 107. 1 211. 7 212. 5 See footnotes at end of table. 80 76. 98. 68. 30. 44. 3 8 2 6 3 371. 0 161. 3 186. 9 42. 6 58. 8 39. 1 83. 0 94. 4 181. 7 145. 1 130. 8 40. 6 36. 5 53. 7 66. 2 165. 7 76. 3 101. 4 70. 3 31. 1 45. 1 375. 2 163. 5 188. 8 43. 5 58.8 39. 4 83. 6 94. 8 181. 1 144. 5 129. 3 39. 7 36. 5 53. 1 66. 6 165. 4 Nov. 1978P 37. 1 76.9 33. 5 27. 0 63. 7 134. 5 90.0 21.9 71.2 36.3 79.9 33. 7 29.8 63.6 135.6 90.4 21.9 71.6 1, 326. 1 1, 323.3 88.2 88. 5 367. 8 366.9 104.6 105. 7 83.9 84.2 95.6 91.9 427.4 430. 3 60. 1 59.6 160. 8 158.9 66. 3 63.5 143. 6 144. 9 94. 1 93.6 74.9 74.4 19.2 19.2 68.3 67.5 25. 5 25.6 61.3 61.4 197. 5 196.6 30. 7 30. 9 52.8 52.8 38. 1 38. 1 695. 7 191.2 164. 8 67.4 216. 9 57.3 24.4 49.9 220.2 43. 5 110.0 33. 4 704. 1 199.6 173.2 67.2 216.6 56.9 24.5 50.5 220.7 43. 2 110.3 33.8 Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P 30.6 68. 9 28. 0 26. 0 49. 9 122.3 81.6 20. 1 58.0 Dec. 1978P 30.3 68.6 28.3 26. 1 49. 8 123. 1 81. 8 19. 8 57.9 31.2 64.9 28. 1 22. 8 51.9 122.5 83. 2 19.6 57.3 30.4 67. 8 28.2 25. 5 52.0 123. 5 83.6 19.5 57.6 1, 307. 8 1, 143. 4 1, 124. 9 78.7 79.4 327.3 323.6 90. 7 89.2 77. 8 77. 5 85.3 85.2 354.4 366. 7 49. 8 50.2 140. 1 133.9 56.7 51.4 119.3 119. 7 82.6 83.3 65.9 66. 5 16. 7 16. 8 57.6 57.2 23. 8 23.8 54.3 51. 7 158.9 159. 1 27.8 27. 7 43. 7 43.4 30.5 29.8 701.6 Dec. 1978P 1, 140. 7 1, 137.0 1, 120.3 77. 5 77.2 317. 0 317.4 91. 9 90. 9 73. 7 73.3 77.9 81.2 372.4 369.4 52.5 52.8 140.4 142.4 54. 5 57. 1 120.4 121. 7 80.4 80.0 65.2 64.7 15.2 15. 3 58.3 57. 5 22. 8 23. 1 52. 8 52.9 164. 8 165.3 27. 1 26. 9 44. 2 44. 2 31. 9 32.0 522. 8 156.3 134.0 51.9 149.5 26. 8 19.3 38.3 165. 1 33. 1 78.5 27. 1 523. 0 157.2 134. 8 52. 1 148. 7 26. 7 19.3 38.6 165.0 33.3 78.4 27.2 522. 3 141. 5 120. 8 52.9 156. 9 33. 1 19.3 38.9 171.0 34. 8 81. 9 27. 7 531. 5 150. 1 129. 5 52.9 156. 9 33. 5 19. 1 39.3 171. 6 34. 6 82. 1 28. 1 531.0 1, 188. 1 1, 201.9 403.9 413. 6 80.4 80. 8 100. 5 102. 1 70. 1 71. 1 30.4 31. 0 46. 5 47. 0 386.2 387. 9 167. 8 168.6 197.3 197. 9 45.6 46.0 62.4 62.2 39.6 39. 9 1, 217. 653. 7 169.3 15.0 49.4 23.4 26.0 24.3 274.6 120.4 135.7 30.4 48.2 29.0 661.0 169.2 15.0 51.3 24.9 26.4 25.9 278. 8 122.2 137.9 31.0 47.9 29. 1 665. 9 160. 4 13. 9 49.4 23. 9 25. 5 28.4 286. 0 124. 8 143. 8 33. 1 51. 5 29.0 676. 0 167. 9 14.0 50. 8 24. 7 26. 1 29. 1 2 87. 2 125. 3 144.3 33.4 51. 0 29. 0 690.9 1, 091. 9 1, 094. 7 165.0 165. 0 109.3 109.4 213. 7 214. 7 84.2 84. 5 94. 7 95. 1 184. 7 186. 0 147.4 148. 6 138.6 137.6 41. 1 41.4 38. 1 38.2 59.4 58.0 70. 1 71. 1 163.3 163.3 1, 091. 613. 0 94.3 58.7 140.6 51.2 65. 8 89.0 68. 5 79.5 26. 0 20. 1 33.4 34.4 84. 7 614. 1 94.0 59.3 141.9 51.9 66.4 89.0 68.4 77.9 25.3 20.0 32.6 35.4 84.8 625.8 92.0 60.3 145.2 51. 8 67. 8 87. 9 67. 1 85. 8 26. 5 21.7 37. 6 36. 6 85. 0 625.6 92. 0 60.4 146.2 52. 1 68. 2 88. 7 67.9 84. 5 27. 0 21. 6 35.9 36.3 84. 4 626.0 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 1978^ Dec. 1978p Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 1978^ Dec. 1978 P 35.7 35. 6 35.5 35.7 21.7 21.8 22.4 22.5 287 289 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products 130.0 67.2 86.9 129.8 67.6 87.0 127.8 68.6 87.9 127.6 68.6 88. 1 63.0 40.8 49.7 63.0 41.5 49.6 62.6 43.3 50.0 61.9 43.4 50. 1 29 291 295 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 205.4 160.9 33. 1 203.5 161.2 30.9 212.0 210.7 134. 8 138.9 163. 1 37.0 102.8 28.9 103.5 36.0 132.2 101 23 139.0 163.3 30 301 302 303.4 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear 733.0 129.0 23. 1 732.9 128. 1 23.6 762.9 24. 1 767.5 127.2 23.8 574.3 94.3 Z0. 1 573.7 93.3 20.6 599.2 91.6 21. 1 604.2 92.2 20.8 Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 24. 1 112. 7 444. 1 24.3 112.7 444.2 22.4 113.0 477. 1 22.1 114.7 479.7 18.3 88.2 353.4 18.5 88.2 353. 1 16.7 89.0 380.8 16.6 90.5 384. 1 255.3 22. 6 157. 1 65.0 60.7 17.6 33.0 252.2 22. 7 156.8 64.7 61.5 16. 8 30.8 250.4 21. 3 154. 1 62.2 61.3 17.9 31.8 249.0 20.9 153.9 61.6 61.5 17.9 31. 1 246.2 219.0 19.3 137. 1 57.5 52. 1 13.5 27.4 216.0 19.4 136.7 57.4 52. 6 12.8 25.4 214.3 18.0 133.7 54.8 52.7 13.9 26.9 212.7 17.6 133. 3 54. 1 52.9 13.8 26.3 208.8 4, 760 4, 773 4, 952 4,970 4,990 4, 035 4, 048 4, 154 4, 170 4, 189 242.9 66.8 244.0 67. 1 246.6 66.8 248.0 67.4 34.0 34.0 2865 2861,9 306 307 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods , TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 126.3 40 4011 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION Class I railroads 2. . * * 546.7 504.9 534. 1 493.0 551.4 508.5 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation School buses 264.2 72.9 68.2 36.2 75.0 265. 1 73. 1 68.9 36.4 75.3 266.4 72.0 67.0 37. 1 75.9 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 1,242.0 1,250.6 ,163.5 87. 1 44 WATER TRANSPORTATION 195. 1 203.2 209.0 TRANSPORTATION BY AIR 388.3 346.3 390.8 348.2 396.7 352.0 18.8 18.9 18.9 159. 3 28.2 603.4 401.2 356.3 18.8 766.2 138.4 207.5 45 451,2 25.6 268.7 72.7 68.0 37. 1 76.7 42 421,3 422 101.5 549.9 507.5 411 412 413 415 208.6 , 1, 153. 1 88.9 32.9 1,299.3 ., 3 0 8 . 3 1,211.2 1,220.4 88. 1 87.9 33.3 1, 101. 1 1, 109.9 1, 023.9 1, 034.6 75.3 77. 2 1, 152.4 1,076.0 76.4 1, 160. 7 1,084. 7 76.0 Air transportation 46 PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS . . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE 50 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 WHOLESALE TRADE - DURABLE GOODS Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishing Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment See footnotes at end of table. 13.5 . . 161.2 173.3 173.5 1,2 54.3 1,258.0 1, 009.7 179.7 1, 013.0 180.3 908.6 722.6 135.0 909.7 722.0 136.6 948.0 748. 8 142.5 950.3 750.5 143. 2 752.2 341.7 157.5 188.9 41.3 754. 2 343. 3 157. 6 188.9 41.4 782.2 362.5 160.4 189.8 44.6 783.6 362.9 160.7 190. 2 44.8 619.8 278.0 129.3 156. 7 36.9 621. 1 279. 8 129.3 156.2 36.7 637.5 292. 7 131.0 154.0 39.3 638.4 292.8 131.4 153.9 39.7 19,568 19,701 19,967 20,378 16,851 17, 319 17,365 17,612 17,990 4, 780 COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 13.6 19,088 TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 49' 491 492 493 495 13.5 1, 193.8 1, 195.3 964.7 964.4 172. 2 170.9 47 48 481 483 13.6 4, 797 4,970 4,987 5,004 3,941 3, 955 4,099 4, 111 4, 113 2, 273 2, 281 334.5 2,382 349.5 81.7 148.7 52.2 1 14.5 330. 1 196.5 2,400 351.9 82.3 149.4 52.6 114. 6 334.2 197.0 2, 757 404.3 97. 1 169.2 63. 1 132. 1 381. 6 223. 5 2, 767 407. 1 97.0 168.8 63.5 132. 2 383.4 223.9 2,900 426.2 100.7 177.9 62.8 140.8 401.5 236. 7 2,922 429.4 101.7 178.6 63.5 141. 1 405. 1 238.2 332.5 79. 1 141.0 106. 8 315. 8 186.6 79.1 140.4 52.9 106.9 316. 8 187. 1 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Dec. 1977 Nov, 1977 508 509 WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS— Continued Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemical and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods RETAIL TRADE. 1,099. 1 186. 5 2,023 128. 8 132. 9 158.6 618. 8 115.3 226. 7 126. 5 352.4 1, 102.4 188. 5 2, 030 129. 9 132. 1 156.7 623. 5 115. 5 228.4 128.9 354.0 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P 14, 771 14, 731 14, 980 577.6 310.2 141. 5 576.7 307. 5 145.4 597. 5 321. 6 142. 7 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials • • • Hardware stores 53 531 533 539 GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES • Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores 2,418, 7 2, 628. 2 1, 971.4 2, 145. 5 304.3 32 5 . 3 143. 0 157.4 FOOD STORES Grocery stores Meat markets and freezer provisioners Retail bakeries 2, 161. 9 2, 195. 0 1, 891.0 1, 917.6 2,235.3 2,272.2 1, 967. 8 1, 996. 8 55 AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 15, 374 2, 351. 1 2, 480. 3 1, 903. 3 2, 015. 8 296. 7 307.6 151. 1 156.9 54 541 542 546 551,2 553 554 51.0 116.6 1, 818. 860. 246. 637. 51.4 118. 5 8 1, 817.3 9 861.6 5 247.3 7 634.7 47.7 118O5 1, 876. 895. 253. 649. 0 7 9 0 589.0 571 572 573 FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores 356.4 87. 5 145. 1 603.6 360.8 359.9 89. 5 153.3 89. 1 149.6 EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 59 591 592 594 596 MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores Liquor stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ? 4, 033. 2 4, 036.4 , 809. 31, 919. 8 547. 1 492.3 121. 1 115.7 542.4 514.9 297. 5 303. 0 104. 8 109. 0 246.0 232. 3 4, 521 5, 533 1, 372. 7 1,379. 6 1, 252.0 1, 258.3 1, 674 106.6 113. 0 123.7 538.0 81.3 178.4 109.6 291.9 1, 717 108. 5 118.6 128.4 545.6 83.3 168.0 113.3 301.6 1, 711 109. 4 119.5 128. 1 53 8.9 83.6 167. 8 114. 9 301. 1 12, 910 13, 364 13,266 13, 501 491. 5 263.0 125.6 511.5 277.4 122.2 513. 7 276.6 124. 9 ,455.6 2, 193.4 , 015. 8 1, 788. 5 275.4 303.3 136.5 129.5 108. 9 108.9 1, 570. 1 1, 567.4 1, 610.9 748.6 221.0 107. 1 720. 3 217. 0 571. 5 611. 0 364. 7 91. 9 154.4 899. 1 142.3 335.3 160. 9 170. 9 949. 9 168.4 1, 995. 8 2, 027. 7 2, 060. 8 1, 749. 4 1, 774.3 1, 817.3 1, 877.6 898.0 254. 8 648. 5 598.6 APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings • Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 163.6 7 7 0 2 9 1, 900. 9 286.3 134.9 2, 096.4 1, 844. 8 782. 7 121.9 293. 2 143. 5 144. 8 495.4 302. 7 75.6 117. 1 719. 9 217.6 568.3 110. 8 1, 610. 5j 748. 9 222.3 575.3 574.4 876.2 141.9 324.9 167. 9 155. 7 768. 0 119.3 287. 7 140. 3 145.3 810.0 125. 9 301. 8 151.2 150. 5 508. 7 307. 1 77.6 124. 0 496. 9 303.0 75.9 118. 0 509.4 307. 8 78. 3 123.3 4, 335.4 1, 811.4 505.9 121. 5 510. 9 289. 6 100.3 229.9 1, 871. 8 511. 5 125. 5 539.2 304.2 103. 7 233. 8 4, 732 4, 761 3,435 3,443 3, 599 3, 625 1, 434.3 1, 309.1 1, 442. 8 1,316.8 1,077.2 979.9 1,082.6 984.6 1, 118. 1 1, 016. 1 1, 124. 8 1,022.2 367.4 159. 1 143.4 369. 7 160.7 144.0 389.6 170.6 151.2 393.0 171.9 153. 1 813.2 311.9 842.-8 312.2 845.6 311. 8 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks 61 612 614 CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS • • Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions 479.2 202.5 191.2 482.0 204. 7 191. 8 505. 8 218.3 198. 5 509. 8 219. 6 200. 8 62 621 SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND SERVICES Security brokers and dealers 181. 3 148.4 182.4 149.4 192. 8 158. 0 63 331 I N S U R A N C E C A R R I E R S ••• Life insurance 1, 164.1 '521. 5 1, 167.6 '522. 7 1. 203.2 520.4 1. 208.7 '520. 9 3,735.2 1, 593.6 447. 3 3, 737. 8 4, 027. 8 3, 9 8 3 . 5 1, 699.4 498.2 1, 596. 5 1, 655.6 461.0 466.6 438.6 271. 1 84.9 194.2 464.6 285.5 88.3 199.0 444. 9 472. 3 275.9 i 281.7 196.7 4, 774 93.2 209.7 195. 0 160. 0 82 13, 877 2,32271 4, 371.0 60 602 See footnotes at endof table. Dec. 1978P 48. 5 931. 147. 344. 170. 178. 56 561 562 565 566 945.2 2, 2 4 4 . 9 1, 840. 2 282.6 122. 1 120.3 890. 0 139.9 330. 8 159.2 173. 6 993. 5 162.6 366.6 185. 8 182. 0 905.6 157.4 492. 6 266. 0 122. 1 599.6 320. 8 145.4 521 525 Nov. 1978P 1, 668 105. 7 113.5 125.6 533.2 81.2 176. 9 107.3 291. 1 2, 065 134.9 139.3 161. 0 618. 8 116.3 222.4 134. 9 363, 1 14,308 Oct. 1978 902.9 155.9 1, 158. 5 1, 165.2 194. 7 199. 5 2, 070 133.6 138. 7 161. 0 625.4 116.0 221. 7 133.3 364.0 Dec. 1977 Nov. 1977 811.3 310. 9 3. 636 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued [In thousands] Production workers1 All employees 1972 SIC Code 632 633 64 Industry INSURANCE CARRIERS—Continued Medical service and health insurance Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978? 134. 9 440. 3 135. 8 441. 5 140. 1 469. 9 140. 9 473. 8 376. 9 82 0. 2 417. 6 275. 9 103. 8 376. 8 817. 8 417. 6 276. 3 100.7 401. 5 865. 0 431.4 296. 1 112. 5 404. 869. 435. 295. 113. 65 651 653 655 INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND SERVICE REAL ESTATE Real estate operators and lessors Real estate agents and managers Subdivides and developers 66 COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC . . . 29.6 2 9. 8 67 HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES. . 96. 8 97. 1 - SERVICES 15, 537 - - 99. 6 101. 1 - - - - 15, 540 16, 201 16, 228 72 721 723 726 PERSONAL SERVICES Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops Funeral service and crematories 895. 1 356. 4 280.0 68. 6 898. 356. 283. 68. 899. 355. 281. 70. 1 3 9 3 899.4 355. 2 280.2 70. 5 2,455. 3 2, 637. 6 134. 5 145. 5 87. 8 84.3 104. 7 96. 9 457. 9 437. 3 429. 7 396. 0 217. 5 194. 7 2, 660. 7 146. 6 87.6 107. 5 457. 1 435. 1 220. 8 5 3 0 8 16, 215 - - - GOVERNMENT4 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Executive Department of Defense Postal Service Other executive agencies Manufacturing activities Shipbuilding - _ 211. 1 - 246. 9 209.2 209. 7 210. 1 196. 0 79. 1 195. 8 82. 1 195. 8 75. 9 192. 3 75. 8 551. 2 600. 8 571. 0 404. 2 42 9. 4 1, 091. 2 1, 087.3 234. 8 236. 3 753. 3 747. 6 881. 2 433. 7 - 1, 103. 3 239. 9 757.4 555. 8 4, 145. 6 548. 8 252.2 786. 8 2, 265. 3 350. 7 4, 152. 8 4, 290. 4 4, 3 10. 4 552. 1 566. 8 566. 7 252. 7 2 50. 0 2 54. 8 787. 8 82 8. 3 830. 8 2, 265. 7 2, 344. 6 2, 353. 3 352.3 - 370. 5 — 3 74. 1 - - - — _ - 952.3 959. 9 - - - - - - 1, 520.4 1, 534. 4 1, 543. 9 - - - - - - 802. 3 435.0 254. 5 807. 8 437.2 2 58. 0 871.3 472. 1 274. 1 880. 6 477. 0 276. 8 15,490 15, 482 15, 556 15, 703 15, 710 2, 716 2, 724 2, 746 2, 746 2, 755 2, 664. 3 909. 8 650.2 1, 104.3 139. 9 70. 7 410. 6 - - MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping 411. 4 182. 2 636. 2 89 891 893 393. 4 _ 4, 639. 9 4, 649. 3 4, 81 7. 8 4, 841. 9 689. 8 664. 7 691. 9 660. 1 287.4 285. 6 2 84. 5 292. 1 918. 6 871. 7 869. 7 922.3 2, 492. 1 2, 490. 9 2, 570. 4 2, 579. 8 1, 512. 4 2, 139. 0 2, 298. 1 2, 315. 4 100. 1 107.2 10 8. 1 450. 8 271. 9 666. 8 MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS - 179. 6 613. 4 SOCIAL SERVICES 316. 2 257. 8 452. 1 276. 9 618. 6 86 316. 5 259. 5 159. 6 : 83 317. 2 259. 5 - 43 5. 3 260. 7 218. 5 88. 0 120. 2 873.3 317. 7 256.6 14, 3 89 157. 9 221.4 87. 1 124. 0 1, 113. 9 236. 8 774.4 811. 0 433. 8 262.0 221. 8 93. 8 117. 7 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities 834. 1 523. 9 317. 9 242.9 82 821 822 800. 4 525. 2 323. 6 221.2 90. 6 120. 3 402. 8 812. 5 505. 6 306. 8 242. 3 LEGAL SERVICES 14, 403 390.2 MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services Motion picture theaters 81 14, 379 - MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals 13, 882 - - 76 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES - 13, 889 2, 121. 9 99. 0 78 781 783 79 Dec. 1978P - 246. 0 80 801 802 805 806 113. 8 359. 9 - 914. 5 883. 5 503.9 307. 9 112. 9 357. 8 - 939.6 906. 9 AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES Automotive repair shops 110. 8 335. 2 30. 0 905. 2 872.4 75 753 Nov. 1978P 29. 9 920. 0 885. 1 BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, stenographic Services to buildings Personnel supply services Oct. 1978 - HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 73 731 732 733 734 736 737 Dec. 1977 2 7 1 5 8 70 701 2,436. 7 134.0 84. 1 96.2 433.3 381. 3 193. 2 Nov. 1977 109. 9 335. 4 Dec. 1978P 2, 673. 907. 668. 1, 097. 140. 70. 1 2, 694. 7 905. 2 646. 2 1, 141. 1 140. 9 72. 5 8 9 8 0 2 2, 694.4 905. 3 651.4 1, 137. 7 140.6 72.4 - - 669.3 367.9 206. 6 - 673. 6 369.9 209. 2 720. 0 397. 8 217.3 729. 3 401. 8 220. 4 _ - - - - - - - - - - - See footnotes at end of table. 83 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2. Employees on nonagricurtural payrolls by industry-Continued [In thousands] Production worker1 All employees 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Nov. 1978p Oct. 1978 Dec. 1978P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978T 1978* Executive—Continued Transportation and public utilities, except Postal Service Services Hospitals Legislative Judicial 37.6 3 73. 9 229.8 39. 1 37. 1 373.7 231.0 38.8 12.5 37.9 380.3 233.0 38.9 13.0 38.5 378.5 231.7 38.7 12. 9 12.5 12,758 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 12,810 12, 957 12,955 12,774 State government Hospitals State education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions Local government Transportation and public utilities Hospitals Local education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions 3,434.9 3,479. 9 3,460.0 547.7 554.5 548.4 1,444.4 1,453.0 1,466.2 875. 8 895.2 878.5 9,313.5 9,323.3 9,329. 8 553.7 543. 5 572.0 496.4 516. 1 494.9 5,289.0 5,289.7 5, 199.9 3,503.3 556.8 1,474.9 2,646.4 2, 670.8 2, 708. 7 2,725.9 Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more. 3 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupe visury count for all serie, in this division. 84 896.2 9,453.8 573. 6 517. 6 5,302.6 Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central intelligence and National Security Agencies. * Not available. p=preliminary. ••Class I railroads (SIC 4011) — Revised data for August 1978 was incorrectly cited as 448.1 in a footnote in the December issue of E&E. Correct figure for August 1978 is 489.1. ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry [In thousands] TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR MINING METAL MINING 11, 12 13 131, 2 14 142 144 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 34, 002 34, 468 35, 251 35,741 26, 776 26, 888 28, 083 28, 302 28, 474 67 Industry Sept. 1977 33, 552 1972 SIC Code 67 78 78 79 5. 8 5. 8 7. 5 7. 3 7. 4 7. 0 COALMINING OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . . . Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel 7. 1 8. 1 8. 2 8. 2 46. 3 46. 5 54. 5 54. 5 55. 0 30. 5 15. 8 30. 7 15. 8 35. 3 19.2 35. 0 19.5 35. 2 19. 8 7.6 2. 4 2. 3 7. 5 2. 4 2. 3 8. 3 2. 7 2. 6 8. 4 2. 7 2. 6 8. 4 2. 7 2. 6 314 343 341 342 0 0 8 2 112. 6' 66. 2 15.9 30. 5 124. 0 75. 3 16. 8 31. 9 122. 6 73. 7 17.0 31. 9 122. 5 73. 4 16. 7 32.4 Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 51. 4 13. 3 38. 1 51. 6 13. 0 38. 6 56. 1 16. 6 39. 5 55. 6 16. 5 39. 1 55. 7 16. 5 39.2 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work 148. 5 41. 9 9. 3 26.9 17. 2 11. 7 10. 0 149.9 42. 2 9.3 27.2 17. 7 11. 8 10. 1 163. 2 45. 9 10. 5 29.2 18. 5 12. 7 11. 2 162. 6 45. 7 10. 3 29. 0 18. 4 12. 5 11. 3 164. 2 46.0 10. 7 29.2 18. 8 12. 6 11. 5 MANUFACTURING 6, 043 6, 038 6, 250 6, 333 6, 349 24, 25, 32-38 20-23, 26-31 DURABLE GOODS 2, 715 2, 734 2, 880 2, 937 2, 971 NONDURABLE GOODS 3, 328 3, 304 3, 370 3, 396 3, 378 24 241 242 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS 100. 6 102.0 4. 5 20. 7 14.5 40. 3 7. 2 10. 0 19. 3 108. 6 5. 4 22.2 15. 6 108. 8 5. 2 22. 4 15.6 43. 2 7. 1 10. 4 20. 5 109. 6 143. 4 108. 3 145. 0 109. 6 45. 0 38. 1 8. 9 10. 4 4. 8 10 3 CONSTRUCTION 15 152 153 154 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction 16 161 162 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 313 113. 67. 15. 30. DURABLE GOODS 2421 243 244 245 249 Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and structural members Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 4. 9 20. 6 14. 6 39. 5 7. 1 9. 8 18. 7 25 251 2511 2512 2515 252 253 254 259 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 134. 0 102. 6 43. 1 35. 2 8. 2 32 322 3221 3229 323 324 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass contaniers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic 127. 5 47. 6 28. 1 19. 5 10. 9 1.4 9. 2 4. 7 8. 7 136. 2 104. 7 43. 7 35. 7 8. 5 9.0 4. 7 42. 6 7. 3 10. 4 20. 7 139. 9 105. 0 44. 0 37. 4 8. 7 10. 1 4. 8 44. 8 37. 9 8. 8 10. 3 4. 8 10. 2 5. 1 22. 3 15. 5 43. 5 7. 1 10. 5 21. 1 8. 8 9. 9 9. 0 10. 1 9. 8 9. 9 127. 1 46. 9 27. 7 19. 2 10. 8 1. 5 131. 8 48. 0 28. 2 19.8 11. 6 1. 7 132. 2 47. 3 27. 4 19. 9 11. 9 1. 7 132. 7 46. 7 26. 8 19. 9 12. 3 1. 7 85 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code Sept. 1977 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 6. 4 17. 3 13. 2 27. 8 6. 4 17. 4 13. 3 27. 8 6. 17. 14. 29. 6. 17. 14. 29. 6.5 17.9 33 331 3312 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 112. 8 112. 5 34. 27. 17. 9. 1. 3. 4. 1. 36. 3. 4. 22. 14. 34. 26. 17. 8. 1. 3. 4. 1. 37. 3. 4. 22. 15. 7. 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. . . . Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing , Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings , Misc. fabricated wire products 322. 6 326. 2 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Oil field machinery Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment 391. 6 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 349 3494 3496 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3533 354 3541 3544 3545 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 357 3573 86 1 5 8 0 9 3 9 0 2 8 4 0 7 3 7 7 0 7 0 3 7 5 3 5 4 20. 2 7 14. 5 21. 8 17. 9 37. 4 13. 4 8. 3 47. 5 7. 4 12. 7 11. 7 27. 2 (ji 3441 3442 3443 3444 345 13. 11. 59. 16. 36. 15. 65. 7. 24. 13. 12. 21. 10. 10. 55. 3. 15. 34. 23. 17. 5. 15. 53. 19. 11. 5. 8 5. 9 3 52. , 8 10., 3 12., 7 105., 9 79. , 8 (ji 3429 343 344 9 0 1 0 5 8 5 4 8 3 1 3 7 6. 5 12. 11. 61. 16. 37. 15. 66. 6. 2 4 0 9 5 8 3 4 0 0 2 5 1 0 7 1 0 2 7 9 3 8 2 0 7 3 24. 14. 12. 21. 10. 9 10. 4 56. 5 3. 7 15. 5 35. 1 23. 2 17. 3 5. 9 15. 3 54. 0 19. 4 11. , 5 396., 6 20. ,6 5., 7 14., 9 2 1 ., 8 17. 8 37., 0 13,. 2 7,. 8 48, . 1 7,. 4 12,. 7 12,. 0 27, . 3 5,. 8 5,. 9 5,, 4 53. 3 10. 3 13.0 108.5 82. 5 4 0 6 5 121. 6 39. 31. 17. 9. 1. 4. 4. 1. 39. 3. 4. 22. 8 (ji STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS—Continued Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Misc. nonmetallic mineral products 5 3 (ji 325 326 327 329 3 6 7 1 7 6 6 15., 5 7.. 2 337. 3 13. 11. 61. 16. 38. 16. 69. 7. 23. 15. 13. 22. 11. 10. 55. 4. 14. 35. 24. 17. 6. 16. 57. 20. 12. 3 6 9 8 0 7 2 1 3 3 9 3 5 8 7 2 3 0 2 7 5 3 7 8 9 434. 0 22. 6. 16. 21. 17. 41. 14. 9. 51. 2 1 1 9 6 9 6 2 8 8. 4 14. 3 12. 9 29. 8 6. 0 5. 8 7. 0 57. 0 10.,8 13. , 2 125. 9 97. , 4 4 6 6 8 6 125. 1 39.2 30. 7 19.8 10. 1 1. 6 4. 6 4. 5 1. 6 0 7 6 3 1 2 40. 3. 4. 23. 16. 7. 124. 1 39. 30. 19. 10. 1. 4. 4. 1. 40. 3. 4. 23. 16. 7. 2 8 4 0 6 5 5 343. 4 13. 11. 62. 16. 38. 17. 69. 7. 23. 15. 14. 23. 12. 11. 57. 4. 2 5 8 9 7 4 6 2 4 2 1 1 0 1 9 2 15.8 35. 24. 17. 6. 16. 59. 21. 13. 14. 4 30. 4 8 2 6 6 1 1 2 0 441. 9 8 2 6 3 4 9 4 2 5 3 5 1 9 6. 2 5. 9 22. 6. 16. 23. 18. 41. 14. 9. 52. 8. 14. 13. 29. 6. 9 58. 4 10. , 9 13. 7 128.,6 99., 3 3 7 7 6 3 5 348. 2 12. 7 11. 0 63.9 17. 1 39. 5 17. 5 70. 3 7. 3 23. 6 15. 3 14. 2 23. 7 12. 3 11. 4 59. 1 4. 5 16. 3 36. 2 24. 5 17.9 6. 6 16. 1 60.4 21. 1 13. 4 447. 7 23. 3 6. 1 17.2 23. 8 19.0 42. 4 14. 5 9. 53. 8. 14. 4 1 5 9 13. 2 30. 4 6. 2 5.9 7.0 58. 8 11. 1 13. 8 129. 9 100. 4 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code Industry MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued 358 3585 359 3599 Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Machinery, except electrical, nee Sept. 1977 33.4 21.9 45.4 36. 5 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 33.8 22. 1 46.2 37. 0 36. 5 23. 7 47. 0 37.6 36.7 23.6 47.8 37. 5 37.6 24. 5 48. 4 37.9 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 3671-3 3674 3679 369 3694 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Engine electrical equipment 788. 43. 19. 23. 86. 47. 27. 62. 11. 4. 28. 93. 24. 40. 71. 54. 166. 6996. 212. 15. 72. 84. 52. 26. 794. 5 43.8 19.6 24. 2 86.9 47.7 27. 9 62.6 11. 1 4. 4 28. 6 94.6 24.2 40. 5 70. 9 53.4 169.2 71.0 98.2 214. 3 15. 6 73. 5 85.7 52.2 2 5.8 823. 1 42. 9 19.9 23. 0 92.2 50.8 29.3 62.2 11.9 4. 9 27. 1 98.8 23.9 43.9 64.2 49.2 177. 0 71.9 105. 1 231. 1 16. 5 79.4 93.4 54. 7 27. 6 836. 3 43. 0 20.2 22.8 93.7 52. 0 29.4 62. 7 11. 2 4. 7 28. 5 101. 6 24. 5 45. 3 67.2 50. 9 179. 3 72.7 106. 6 233. 2 16. 6 80. 1 94.5 55. 6 28.2 844.8 43. 4 20.4 23. 0 94.3 52.4 29. 5 63. 0 10. 7 4. 7 28.8 102.4 24.7 45. 6 68. 4 51.6 181. 4 73. 1 108. 3 235. 9 16. 6 81. 9 95. 3 56. 0 28. 4 37 371 3711 3713 3714 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 374 376 3761 379 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment 269.4 125. 8 49.4 5.4 69- 3 82. 0 48. 5 18. 0 15. 5 22.7 14. 9 5.0 15. 1 12.4 12. 9 266.4 128. 7 51. 3 5. 3 70.4 76. 5 43. 0 18. 0 15. 5 23.2 15. 5 4. 6 14.3 11. 5 13.2 285. 0 125.8 46.7 5.7 71. 3 94.7 57.6 19.9 17. 2 21. 7 14.2 5. 1 16. 3 13. 0 15.6 299-8 138.2 55. 2 5.8 75. 1 96. 9 58.7 20. 6 17. 6 22.3 14.6 5. 1 16.2 12. 9 15.7 305. 3 141. 3 56. 3 5. 7 77. 2 99.4 60. 3 20. 9 18.2 22. 5 14.6 5. 3 16. 0 12. 7 15. 4 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 ?85 386 387 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 257. 5 18. 1 84. 2 24. 0 14.8 32. 1 8. 9 69. 0 29. 6 31.8 22. 9 35. 1 19.3 258. 6 18. 3 84. 1 23.9 14.8 32.2 9.0 69.7 29.7 31. 9 23. 3 3 5. 0 19.2 280. 5 20.8 93. 0 23. 7 15. 7 39. 5 9. 7 77. 0 33.4 34. 7 23.4 37. 7 18. 9 282. 5 21. 1 93. 7 24. 3 15.8 39-2 9.8 77. 7 33. 5 35.2 23.8 37.2 19.2 284. 3 21. 1 93. 9 24.2 16.2 39.3 10. 0 78.3 34. 0 35. 5 23.8 37. 7 19- 5 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Miscellaneous manufactures 210. 5 27. 2 11. 1 69-9 38.3 31.6 18. 5 35. 1 48.7 214. 1 28. 6 11. 1 69.3 37. 6 31. 7 18. 7 36.9 49.5 217. 30. 12. 64. 35. 29. 18. 39. 52. 224. 9 30.2 12. 3 68.2 38.4 29.8 18. 9 42. 1 53. 2 228. 6 31. 1 12. 1 69. 0 39.3 29.7 19.2 43. 6 53. 6 391 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 399 9 0 0 6 5 1 9 7 7 87 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code Industry Sept. 1977 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 NONDURABLE GOODS 20 201 2011 2013 2016 202 2026 203 2032 2033 2037 204 205 2051 2052 206 207 208 2082 2086 209 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products 21 211 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetic Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 229 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 26 261,2,6 APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists . . . . Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills 88 536. 9 111. 5 27.6 20. 5 56. 3 39. 1 2 0. 0 138.8 10. 7 70. 3 21. 1 28.8 bl. 5 42. 0 19. 5 41.8 4.8 35. 5 5.8 16. 8 75. 1 541. 6 107. 3 26. 3 20. 5 53. 7 37. 9 2 0. 1 155. 0 10. 0 86. 7 22. 9 28. 2 63. 3 42. 9 20. 4 39. 2 4. 9 35. 4 5. 5 15. 5 70. 4 503.2 108. 0 26.7 20. 5 53.8 37.6 20. 0 110. 1 70. 9 37. 7 5. 1 36.2 5.8 17. 0 76.9 30. 0 15. 6 29.9 15.4 27. 1 15. 1 430. 0 68. 1 50. 5 7. 7 14. 8 153. 2 21. 5 2 5. 1 56. 1 24. 7 15. 2 24. 4 9. 9 6. 8 24. 4 65. 5 40. 4 12. 0 21. 4 431. 5 67. 7 50.3 7.6 14.8 155.0 21.8 2 5. 3 57. 3 24.9 15.2 24. 1 9. 9 6. 7 24.865.8 40. 5 12.4 21.4 430. 9 21. 2 14.9 23. 6 10.2 6. 5 2 5. 5 65. 6 41.3 12. 4 21.2 1, 078. 1 70.2 318. 7 1, 067. 9 1, 076. 6 075. 7 70. 1 319. 8 93. 7 72. 7 83. 6 363. 1 49. 5 140. 3 56. 3 117. , 0 8 3 . ,9 6 7 ., 0 16., 9 58., 5 2 3 .. 5 4 8 ., 8 118. , 7 2 4 ., 3 32., 6 18.. 2 154. , 6 2 5 .. 4 526. 7 111. 1 27. 5 20. 4 56.3 39.7 20. 5 130. 2 9.6 9.8 42.9 11.1 28- 3 62.8 43.2 19.6 67.4 44. 3 5. 1 36. 1 5. 5 15.4 92. 9 71. 6 83. 9 362.2 50. 3 138. 6 55. 1 118.2 84.5 67.6 16.9 58. 4 23. 5 49. 3 17. 5 29. 0 60. 8 41.8 19. 0 65. 0 48. 1 7.8 15. 2 160. 1 22. 9 26. 3 57. 7 27.8 14. 8 23.2 10.2 6. 1 25.4 64. 9 40.8 12. 2 29.2 15. 6 58. 9 48. 0 121.8 24.8 33. 3 18.8 123. 24. 33. 17. 1 7 3 7 155. 5 25.2 160. 6 26. 3 4. 9 35. 7 5. 6 17. 0 74. 5 433. 1 65.4 48. 9 8.0 49. 3 15.4 159.6 23. 3 26. 0 56.9 28. 1 69.2 21.9 3 0 3 6 432. 9 65. 1 312.6 78. 0 61. 42. 19. 45. 29.8 15. 1 69.8 362. 5 50. 8 137. 4 55.4 118. 9 81. 1 65. 5 29. 0 15. 0 311.8 92. 5 69.7 508. 5 112.4 27.6 2 0. 5 56.8 38. 6 19. 9 106. 5 10. 4 38. 3 21. 6 92.4 69. 6 79- 1 366. 0 52. 1 138. 9 55. 7 119. 3 82.2 66.4 15.8 58. 9 22. 5 48. 3 126.2 24. 7 33. 5 19.4 160. 5 25. 6 8. 1 15.4 158. 4 23.9 26. 0 55. 3 28.2 14.8 23. 3 10. 3 5.9 25.8 66.2 42. 0 12. 5 21.2 1, 077. 0 68. 5 310. 3 92. 7 69. 3 77. 6 369. 1 52. 6 140. 4 54.4 121. 7 82. 0 66.2 15.8 59. 0 22.9 47. 7 127. 1 24. 6 33.6 19. 9 159. 6 24. 5 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code 262 263 264 265 Sept. 1977 Industry PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paperboard containers and boxes 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 284 2841 2844 285 286 2861,9 22. 5. 73. 52. 429.8 134. 6 43. 7 51. 1 2 5. 5 110. 0 51.4 53. 5 13. 3 30. 3 7. 6 433.8 135.4 44.2 51. 0 25. 1 112. 6 52. 0 55.4 13. 3 30. 6 7. 6 455.4 144. 6 47. 9 53.4 25. 1 115. 6 53. 3 57. 5 13. 9 32. 5 8.2 454. 2 141.9 47.9 52. 1 25. 7 118.2 54. 7 58. 6 14. 2 32. 3 8.2 460. 8 144. 9 48. 6 53. 1 25. 5 119.8 54.9 59. 9 14.2 32.8 8.4 248. 6 20. 9 14.4 42.9 9. 3 25.9 72.2 61. 7 52.4 8.7 32. 2 11. 3 2 3.2 248. 1 20. 8 14. 3 42.2 9.4 2 5. 3 72. 2 61.7 52. 3 8.8 32. 1 11. 3 23.4 260. 8 22.8 15.7 44. 8 10.4 26. 0 73. 9 62.9 56. 0 9. 3 34. 5 12. 6 23.8 260. 9 ZZ. 6 15. 5 44. 3 10. 3 2 5. 7 73. 5 62.4 57. 2 9.5 35. 3 12. 6 23. 5 261. 4 22.8 15. 7 44. 0 10. 4 25. 5 74.4 63.2 56. 9 9.4 35. 0 12. 7 23. 6 ... 18.7 8.6 17. 1 18.8 8.6 17. 3 19. 3 9. 0 17.9 19. 0 9. 3 17.9 19.2 9. 3 17. 7 .... 23. 9 19. 1 23. 7 18.8 2 5. 3 2 0. 3 2 5. 0 20. 0 24.8 19.7 243. 3 12. 5 14. 0 246. 6 12.2 14. 1 260. 1 12. 1 13. 5 265. 7 12.2 13. 3 269. 7 12.2 13. 7 6. 1 38. 5 172.2 6.2 38.4 175. 7 5.9 39. 0 189. 6 6. 0 39. 1 195. 1 6. 1 39. 7 198. 0 150. 3 3. 1 100. 6 39. 3 41. 1 9-2 23.8 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Orqanic fibers noncellulosic . . Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap cleaners and toilet goods Soap and other detergents 153. 7 3. 1 103. 1 41. 0 41. 1 9- 5 24.2 155. 1 3.2 106. 0 39. 7 44. 4 9. 9 ZZ. 1 154. 3. 104. 40. 43. 10. 22. 1 1 6 0 6 0 2 153.2 3. 2 102. 9 39. 4 42. 6 9-8 22. 7 1, 064 1, 118 1, 137 1, 151 50. 3 7. 7 6.9 5. 0 28. 5 52. 0 8. 3 6. 9 4. 7 29.9 33.4 9. 3 7. 1 4. 9 9. 9 53. 6 9. 6 7. 3 4.8 29.4 55. 1 9.4 7. 6 4. 6 30. 9 130. 1 115.2 14. 9 129. 6 113.8 15.8 139. 4 124.2 15.2 139. 3 123.8 15. 5 141.2 124. 8 16.4 17.2 15. 9 18.2 18. 0 18. 0 Books Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing letterpress Commercial printing lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services . .... Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals nee Agricultural chemicals .. . 29 291 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining 30 301 302 303,4 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products nee . . Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear except rubber Men's footwear except athletic Women's footwear except athletic Handbags and personal leather goods TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 41 411 412 413 415 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT School buses 42 421,3 422 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals 44 WATER TRANSPORTATION Oct. 1978 22. 9 5.2 72. 7 51. 3 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 306 307 Sept. 1978 Aug. 1978 1, 060 27 271 272 273 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 287 289 Oct. 1977 . . . ... ... 7 3 0 0 23. 6. 76. 52. 7 0 0 3 23. 5. 76. 53. 0 9 0 0 21. 5. 75. 53. 9 9 5 7 89 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricuftural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code 45 451,2 Sept. 1977 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 113. 1 106.9 116.2 110.0 122. 1 114.8 122.0 115.0 122. 5 115. 3 2. 1 TRANSPORTATION BY AIR 2. 1 1.9 2. 0 2. 0 Air transportation 46 PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS 68. 1 47 68.5 76. 0 75.9 76. 0 535. 5 473.6 48. 0 536.4 473.8 48.4 572.4 504.7 52.8 572. 7 505.0 52.8 580. 9 512. 1 53. 5 124. 6 55. 7 30.8 29.9 3.8 124.4 55.7 30. 5 29.9 134.8 59. 9 33. 7 31. 7 132.8 59.6 33. 0 30.9 4. 5 133.2 60. 1 32.9 30. 9 4. 5 8, 348 8, 413 1, 227 1, 258 TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 481 483 491 492 493 495 COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 50,51 7, 871 WHOLESALE TRADE 1, 159 50 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . . Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials , Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment . Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods RETAIL TRADE 521 525 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores 3.9 4.6 7, 911 8, 239 618 82.2 32.4 26. 3 21. 3 23.2 99. 1 57.4 229. 7 46. 1 1, 170 62 3 82.7 32.8 26.3 22. 0 23.2 100. 3 58.2 231.4 46.2 1, 216 667 88. 5 34.6 28.8 21. 3 2 5. 2 109.8 62.9 249. 6 46. 0 669 89. 5 34.8 28.8 21. 3 225. 5 110. 9 63.2 248.5 46.8 680 90.4 35. 1 29.2 21. 9 25.9 112. 0 64. 3 2 53. 0 47.8 541 37. 7 55.8 74. 0 147. 9 26.8 44. 3 18.5 99. 3 547 37.7 56.8 74.8 147. 3 27.2 43.8 18.6 101.4 549 38. 0 57. 5 77. 3 142. 1 29.2 47. 7 19.6 103. 0 558 38.4 58.9 77.6 143. 5 29.3 47.4 19.6 102.6 578 39- 0 59.8 78. 6 145.8 29.2 47. 0 19.8 107. 2 6, 712 6, 741 7,023 7, 121 7, 155 137. 9 54. 4 46. 1 135. 5 54.6 47. 3 142. 9 59. 0 48.7 143. 5 58.6 48.8 145. 5 58. 5 49. 6 1,485. 7 1, 178.4 218.2 89- 1 1, 524.8 1, 217. 3 218. 5 89.0 1, 530.8 1, 212. 5 222. 7 95.6 1, 565.9 1, 240. 4 230. 3 95.2 1. 590. 8 1, 264. 5 228.8 97.5 53 531 533 GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores 54 541 542 546 FOOD STORES Grocery stores Meat markets and freezer provisioners Retail bakeries 864. 4 717. 9 14. 1 74.2 869. 0 722. 6 14. 0 72. 5 892. 0 754. 4 13. 5 •67. 3 902.9 759- 3 13.4 70. 9 916. 7 770. 3 14. 3 70. 7 55 AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 277. 5 111.4 39.2 113. 1 278.9 112.7 112.7 301. 5 120. 7 44. 7 122.2 302.2 120.9 45. 3 122.0 305.9 122. 3 44. 7 124. 9 575. 1 56. 1 275. 3 113. 1 64. 3 589.4 58.4 281. 6 115.7 66. 5 582. 2 59. 0 275.2 116. 9 66. 5 593.9 58. 0 284.2 117. 0 605.6 60. 3 292. 3 117.2 70.2 551,2 553 554 56 561 562 565 566 APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings . . . Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 90 39-6 69-2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued [In thousands] 1972 SIC Code Sept. 1977 571 572 573 59 591 592 594 596 598 599 EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 2,269. 6 2, 487.3 2, 500. 1 2, 447. 5 894.2 276. 7 22.2 292.9 156. 6 904.3 295.3 2 5. 9 286. 5 152. 4 928.6 298.8 26. 6 298.3 156. 5 956. 7 302. 0 21. 6 105.4 2 0.8 103.3 21.2 105.7 27. 6 308.4 165. 1 21.8 110. 3 2, 538 2, 553 2, 731 2, 723 2, 739 930. 3 855.4 934. 1 859. 3 996.8 917.4 993. 4 914.4 998. 3 918.8 301.4 143. 5 105. 5 303. 3. 144. 7, 105. 7 325. 5 157. 6 112.8 326. 1 157. 7 113.3 328. 7 159.2 114. 0 67.7 54. 3 67.5 54. 1 73.4 59. 1 73. 5 59. 1 74. 4 59. 9 663.8 266.2 668.8 267.0 95.9 257. 9 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks . CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND SERVICES Security brokers and dealers 63 631 632 633 184.2 124. 0 96.2 260. 9 713. 1 273. 5 100.8 289. 0 711. 271. 100. 290. ZZ. 1 284. 4 144.8 21.0 103.0 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 61 612 614 181. 7 122.9 23. 1 35.7 175.7 119.2 22.6 .. 60 602 179. 2 121. 5 23.6 34. 1 869.4 275. 5 MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores . . . Liquor stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores . Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee Aug. 1978 2, 326.0 FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores . . . . Oct. 1977 33.9 Industry INSURANCE CARRIERS Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 23. 9 36.3 9 5 8 3 186. 4 124.8 24. 1 37. 5 715. 271. 101. 293. 5 3 4 1 INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND SERVICE 225.8 227. 7 242. 3 242. 2 244. 4 REAL ESTATE Real estate operators and lessors Real estate agents and managers Subdividers and developers 286. 7 124. 9 119. 0 26.8 311. 1 134. 3 131. 0 28.4 307.9 133. 2 129. 1 28.4 309. 6 651 653 655 285. 1 123.8 117. 9 27. 5 66 COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC 16.8 17.4 19. 1 18.9 18. 6 HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES 46.8 47. 4 50. 0 49. 3 49.2 8, 884 8, 941 9, 324 9, 342 9, 401 531.0 508.2 506.2 485. 6 588.3 546. 1 542. 6 521. 7 515. 8 498. 0 603. 0 222.5 249. 6 67 SERVICES 70 701 HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 72 721 723 726 PERSONAL SERVICES Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops Funeral service and crematories 73 731 732 733 734 736 737 BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, stenographic Services to buildings Personnel supply services Computer and data processing services 75 753 AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES 588. 1 , 595.2 589. 5 599.4 221. 1 246.2 221. 9 247. 4 17. 5 218.4 220. 1 250. 1 18.2 17.3 989. 5 57. 5 61.9 45.0 146. 0 223. 6 88.4 77. 7 35.9 1, 001. 9 58." 0 61. 9 45. 7 148. 9 225. 7 246. 5 18. 3 1, 087. 5 65. 5 64.9 47.8 164.0 236.8 133. 4 130. 0 28.2 18. 3 1, 099. 3 65.9 65.2 , 118. 8 65. 7 50. 163. 242. 100. 1 7 3 4 51. 3 164.2 247. 7 102.8 65. 9 89.8 99.2 78.4 35. 9 84. 7 38. 0 85.8 38.8 87.4 39- 5 44.3 46.0 46. 8 47. 8 91 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued tin thousands] 1972 SIC Code Sept. 1977 Industry 78 781 783 79 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES 80 801 802 805 806 HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals 81 84.3 25.4 53. 3 MOTION PICTURES Motion picture theaters 282.2 Oct. 1977 Aug. 1978 79-8 24.8 49. 5 88. 9 24.4 59. 0 84.8 24. 3 55. 0 82.3 25. 1 51. 6 309.8 285. 3 2 54. 1 248.8 Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978 3, 743. 3 513. 7 245.9 770. 0 1, 992.6 515.8 244. 2 770. 3 2, 001. 9 LEGAL SERVICES 282. 3 287. 3 307.2 302. 9 305. 4 82 821 822 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Elementary and secondary schools 495.8 132. 9 309. 0 556.4 147. 1 353.8 42 3. 8 20.2 250. 0 495.8 142. 1 298. 1 548.4 147. 3 343. 6 83 SOCIAL SERVICES 626. 6 637. 9 706.2 703. 0 710. 1 89 891 893 MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES 232. 1 80.6 104. 3 233. 9 81. 1 105. 7 259. 5 92. 1 113.9 256. 7 90.4 114. 5 259- 9 91. 2 116. 6 6, 776 7, 114 6, 385 6, 949 7,267 841 845 886 865 866 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping GOVERNMENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT - State government Hospitals State education General administration including executive, legislative and judicial functions Transportation and public utilities - .. Local education . General administration including executive, legislative and judicial functions 92 . . . . 3, 757. 2 3, 896.9 540. 6 245. 1 816. 9 2, 059. 9 3, 900.8 538. 5 247. 3 816. 1 2, 063. ,1 3, 914. 6 541. 247. 817. 2, 069. 5 1 7 9 5,935 6, 269 5, 499 6, 084 6, 401 1, 473. 6 319. 5 574.2 1 538. 7 1, 401. 6 311. 0 479.8 1, 469.8 310.8 570.8 1, 538. 0 67. 3 381. 5 3 260. 9 414. 6 4, 097.8 77. 1 396.7 2, 426. 2 400. 3 4, 614. 0 77.9 396.4 3, 052. 1 834. 4 994. 3 896. 0 395.4 4, 461. 0 66. 1 380.7 2, 996. 1 825. 9 322. 5 628.8 406. 2 4 730. 7 315. 3 643. 1 393.8 4, 862. 7 79.2 397.2 3, 321. 7 880. 9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1977 1978 Industry division and group Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. TOTAL 83, 719 83, 871 84, 188 84, 726 85, 418 85, 618 85, 996 86, 033 86, 149 86, 163 GOODS-PRODUCING 24, 626 24, 648 24, 724 24, 927 25, 313 25, 341 25, 473 25, 501 25, 463 2 5 471 687 CONSTRUCTION 678 3, 955 MINING 3, 905 684 3, 901 698 3, 999 867 869 879 4, 164 4, 175 4, 278 882 4, 317 Cct. Nov.P Dec.P 86, 573 87, 020 87, 270 26, 039 2 5, 670 25, 870 887 887 893 902 902 4, 298 4, 298 4, 341 4, 368 4, 413 19, 984 20, 065 20, 139 20, 230 20, 282 20, 297 20, 316 20, 302 20, 278 20, 286 2 0, 436 20. 600 2 0, 724 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind 11, 851 756 481 685 1, 180 1, 617 2, 251 1, 912 1, 895 628 446 11, 917 11, 986 754 756 484 487 689 691 1, 186 1, 193 1, 625 1, 638 2, 259 2, 271 1, 923 1, 935 1, 917 1, 928 632 635 448 452 12, 041 12, 076 752 751 491 491 692 699 1, 192 1, 189 1, 646 1, 639 2, 289 2, 309 1, 951 1, 951 1, 944 1, 936 644 639 455 457 12, 093 745 489 700 1, 197 1, 652 2, 311 1, 952 1, 942 12, 109 12, 138 747 743 485 486 701 698 1, 197 1, 199 1, 645 1, 643 2, 332 2, 345 1, 962 1, 977 1, 937 1, 929 654 660 451 456 12, 146 12, 166 743 744 481 480 692 692 1, 205 1, 214 1, 646 1, 650 2, 351 2, 358 1. 975 1, 972 1, 941 1, 943 661 662 451 451 12, 305 748 484 696 1, 220 1, 667 2, 391 1, 987 12, 409 759 487 701 1,236 1, 685 2, 404 12 490 765 490 706 1, 243 1, 700 2. 422 2. 006 2, 024 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastic products Leather and leather products 8, 133 1, 700 8. 148 1, 706 8. 153 1, 705 8, 189 1, 718 8, 206 1, 715 8, 204 1, 701 8, 207 1, 702 8, 164 1, 688 8, 132 1, 670 8, 120 1, 665 74 917 1, 320 697 1, 156 1, 076 74 917 1, 318 74 917 1, 315 75 913 1, 326 73 909 1, 307 699 1, 163 1, 081 74 911 1, 330 706 1, 174 1, 085 76 908 1, 325 699 1, 159 1, 079 207 737 252 76 916 1, 319 703 1, 171 1, 081 709 1, 180 1, 093 709 1, 186 1, 091 710 1, 187 1. 091 207 69 903 1, 309 698 1, 188 1, 089 70 907 1, 309 697 1, 178 1, 088 MANUFACTURING .... SERVICE-PRODUCING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 206 734 253 59, 093 4, 749 18, 911 4, 783 14, 128 4, 547 208 738 253 59, 223 59, 464 4, 758 4, 782 18, 991 19, 071 4, 802 4, 82 8 14, 189 14, 243 4, 563 649 456 210 748 253 207 747 253 59, 799 60, 105 60, 277 209 744 252 4, 817 4, 847 4, 847 19, 169 19, 252 19, 335 4, 854 4, 872 4, 885 14, 315 14, 380 14, 450 4, 591 4, 605 4, 623 4, 637 209 749 252 749 243 60, 523 60, 532 4, 881 4, 82 7 19, 412 19,469 4, 905 4, 901 14, 507 14, 568 4, 670 4, 690 SERVICES 15, 618 15, 597 15, 670 15, 773 [5, 866 15, 896 1 5 963 15, 989 GOVERNMENT 15, 268 15, 314 15, 350 15, 435 15, 517 15, 562 15, 597 15, 55 7 2, 745 2, 753 12, 696 12, 772 12, 809 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 2, 723 12, 545 2, 736 2, 736 12, 578 12, 614 2, 739 2, 772 2, 765 12, 825 12, 792 1, 991 665 456 1. 999 2, 009 672 457 209 744 253 8, 131 1, 667 71 907 1, 307 692 1, 185 1, 089 210 7 52 251 8, 191 1, 692 71 910 1, 308 700 1, 198 1, 094 210 760 2 48 8, 234 1, 710 71 911 1, 314 701 1, 208 1, 094 211 767 247 60, 686 60, 692 60, 903 61, 150 61, 231 209 746 251 676 458 4, 855 4, 922 4. 945 4, 965 19, 523 19, 546 19, 632 19. 697 19- 687 4, 846 4, 917 4, 945 4, 967 4, 989 14, 618 14, 629 14, 687 14, 730 14. 698 4, 719 4, 737 4, 775 4, 788 16 074 16, 127 16, 169 16, 261 16. 296 15,443 15,472 15,495 2,760 12,683 2,757 12,715 2,757 12,738 4, 905 4, 707 15, 536 15, 445 2, 765 2, 752 12, 771 12, 693 p=preliminary. 93 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1977 1978 Industry division and group Nov. Oct. TOTAL Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 34, 013 34,167 34, 313 6, 300 6, 346 6, 388 6, 432 6, 458 67 68 66 68 68 311 313 316 320 320 32 6 328 32 9 334 337 338 337 5, 922 5, 965 6, 006 6, 044 6, 070 6, 116 6, 114 6, 166 6, 183 6, 170 6, 172 6, 179 6, 227 2, 692 100 134 125 113 32 1 397 782 262 257 201 2, 176 102 135 127 113 323 402 789 264 257 2 04 2, 746 103 137 127 113 327 407 795 269 261 207 2, 773 104 139 129 114 329 412 800 274 264 208 2, 794 105 140 130 114 332 414 807 276 266 210 2,819 105 141 130 115 334 419 813 281 268 213 2, 831 105 141 130 115 336 42 6 813 280 271 2 14 2, 848 106 142 130 117 339 42 9 815 284 273 213 2,862 107 141 129 120 339 433 818 285 111 213 2, 870 106 142 129 12 1 336 437 823 286 279 211 2, 875 106 141 130 122 337 437 823 286 281 212 2, 887 106 141 130 124 338 441 821 291 282 213 2, 924 108 142 130 125 343 448 831 300 282 215 3, 230 466 26 428 1, 062 153 432 245 24 240 154 3, 249 474 26 430 1, 065 153 434 246 24 244 153 3,260 478 28 428 1, 067 154 434 247 24 248 152 3,271 482 27 430 1, 066 155 438 248 24 249 152 3,276 482 27 430 1, 065 156 440 249 24 251 152 3, 297 484 28 431 1, 069 157 446 2 52 24 2 54 152 3, 313 48 5 27 3, 318 480 28 430 1, 076 161 451 256 25 2 58 153 3, 321 48 5 27 3, 300 482 27 430 1, 059 159 452 2 58 25 260 148 3, 297 469 24 428 1, 064 159 456 257 25 262 153 3, 292 467 25 42 9 1, 064 158 455 2 57 25 2 58 154 3, 303 471 26 430 1, 061 157 459 2 58 25 262 154 27, 358 27, 496 27, 625 33, 658 33, 842 . . . GOODS-PRODUCING MINING CONSTRUCTION . MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries ' Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products . . Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . . Leather and leather products SERVICE-PRODUCING Dec. . . . 27, 735 27, 855 34, 531 34, 755 34, 921 6, 510 6, 545 6, 568 6, 592 6, 584 6, 587 6, 594 6, 645 68 73 73 75 77 77 78 79 429 1, 078 159 447 2 53 25 2 57 153 35, 077 35, 099 42 9 1, 074 160 452 256 25 260 153 28, 02 1 28,210 28,353 28,485 28, 515 35, 170 35, 256 28, 583 28, 662 35, 381 339 28, 736 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 1, 059 1, 064 1, 071 1, 075 1, 086 1, 094 1, 104 1, 102 1, 115 1, 117 1, 127 1, 131 1, 145 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . 7, 856 7, 903 7, 947 8, 006 8, 050 8, 098 8, 138 8, 188 8, 225 8,258 8, 303 8, 322 8, 354 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 1, 155 1, 162 6, 741 1, 170 6, 777 1, 176 6,830 1, 184 6,866 1, 196 6, 902 1, 207 6, 931 1, 210 6, 978 1, 217 7, 008 1, 215 7, 043 1, 216 7, 087 1, 222 7, 100 1, 242 7, 112 6, 701 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 2, 556 2, 576 2, 589 2, 602 2, 618 2, 631 2, 646 2, 658 2, 679 2, 696 2, 709 2, 720 2, 742 SERVICES 8, 897 8, 938 8, 986 9, 003 9, 035 9, 109 9, 144 9, 176 9, 220 9, 260 9, 315 9, 333 9, 354 GOVERNMENT 6, 990 7, 015 7, 032 7, 049 7, 066 7, 089 7, 178 7, 229 7,246 7, 184 7, 129 7, 156 7, 141 856 6, 134 856 6, 159 847 6, 185 855 6, 194 856 6, 210 8 58 6, 231 863 6, 315 882 6, 347 874 6, 372 879 6, 305 880 6, 249 877 6, 279 878 6, 263 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 1 The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 94 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1977 Industry division and group Dec. 1978 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Qct, Dec. ' I TOTAL PRIVATE 56, 095 56, 114 56, 348 56, 744 57, 263 57, 428 57, 653 57, 704 57, 771 57, 861 58, 151 58, 548 58, 732 17, 976 17, 954 18, 016 18, 198 18, 541 18, 565 18, 660 18, 675 18, 619 18, 629 18, 795 18, 974 19, 128 494 509 663 667 668 3,401 3, 439 3, 419 14, 596 14, 569 14, 532 GOODS-PRODUCING MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 502 493 655 659 3, 099 3, 021 3, 023 3, 122 3, 288 3, 303 14, 375 14, 440 14, 499 14, 567 14, 598 14, 603 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind 8, 515 646 397 549 922 1, 228 1, 477 1, 258 1, 312 384 342 8, 569 650 399 553 929 1, 234 1, 483 1, 267 1, 326 386 342 8, 620 650 401 551 937 1, 247 1, 493 1, 276 1, 332 388 345 8, 661 647 405 552 933 1, 247 1, 507 1, 288 1, 342 391 349 8, 676 646 405 558 934 1, 251 1, 517 1, 284 1, 337 394 350 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products . . . Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . Leather and leather products 5, 860 1, 151 59 798 1, 131 523 653 617 135 575 218 5, 871 5, 879 1, 156 1, 158 59 59 798 799 1, 132 1, 131 525 523 658 656 620 618 136 136 578 576 216 216 5, 906 1, 168 60 798 1, 134 527 663 620 137 583 216 5, 922 5, 918 1, 167 1, 154 60 59 795 794 1, 144 1, 140 535 530 668 664 624 628 135 137 586 586 217 217 8, 685 639 404 557 939 1, 257 1, 516 1, 283 1, 344 397 349 8, 683 641 400 558 939 1, 250 1, 533 1, 284 1, 327 402 349 8, 694 637 398 554 942 1, 245 1, 547 1, 293 1, 328 407 343 5, 913 5, 875 1, 152 1, 142 61 58 792 791 1, 137 1, 121 535 535 668 669 628 628 136 135 587 587 217 209 38, 722 38, 863 38, 993 39, 035 3, 465 14, 536 14, 655 684 68 1 3, 487 3, 517 14, 803 14, 930 8, 706 636 395 548 953 1, 248 1, 550 1, 290 1, 337 406 343 8, 816 641 3 98 551 960 1, 264 1, 576 1. 301 1, 370 408 347 8, 908 648 400 558 977 1, 279 1, 580 1, 310 1, 393 414 349 5, 839 1, 124 54 785 1, 127 523 5, 830 1, 122 56 790 1, 124 522 657 624 137 581 217 5. 8 39 1, 122 57 790 1, 123 519 663 624 137 589 2 15 5, 895 5, 940 1, 147 1, 165 56 57 794 794 1, 124 1, 126 527 530 673 68 3 626 629 138 141 598 : 605 212 210 667 623 136 584 216 8, 990 654 403 561 98 5 1, 292 1, 596 1, 318 1, 412 419 350 39, 232 39, 356 39, 574 39, 604 4, 129 4, 149 4, 164 17, 214 17, 228 17, 288 17, 357 17, 317 4, 042 13, 172 4, 053 4, 075 13, 175 13,213 4, 095 4, 101 13, 262 13, 21b 38, 160 38, 332 38, 546 4, 024 4, 028 4, 044 4, 067 4, 094 4, 086 4, 109 4, 051 4, 066 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 16, 676 16, 737 16, 812 16, 894 16, 952 17, 079 17, 106 17, 165 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 3, 943 12, 733 3, 958 3, 982 12, 779 12, 830 4, 007 12, 887 4, 020 4, 026 4, 043 4, 040 12, 932 13, 053 13, 063 13, 125 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE . 3, 453 3, 472 3, 494 3, 500 3, 516 3, 523 3, 546 3, 565 3, 579 SERVICES 13, 966 13, 923 13, 982 14, 085 14, 160 14, 175 14, 232 4, 254 14, 293 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 3, 422 675 8, 693 636 394 549 947 1, 245 1, 544 1, 293 1, 336 405 344 38, 119 SERVICE-PRODUCING 671 39, 152 4, 064 3, 603 3, 636 3, 647 14, 349 14. 336 14, 432 14, 476 3, 591 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. 95 tSIAtSLISHMbNI DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased Year and month Over 1 -month span Over 3-month span Over 6-month span January February March 18 .0 21 .2 26 .5 13.1 12.8 20.1 11 .9 12.8 18 .6 15 .7 16.9 18.3 April May June 41 .0 51 .5 43 .0 36.6 43.0 53.2 29 .4 48.3 57.3 20.9 27.0 41 .0 July August Sep tetnber 56 .1 73 .3 67 .4 61 .6 73.5 77.3 67.2 69.2 75 .9 54.1 64.5 74.1 October Novembe r December 68 .3 60 .5 71 .5 70 .6 74.4 78.2 8 0.5 84.0 83.7 79 82 86.3 January February March 78 .2 72 .4 69 .5 85.8 84.9 81 .4 87.2 85.8 82.0 85.2 84.0 85 .2 April May June 70 .1 58 . 1 57 .8 72.4 67.2 65.1 75 .6 68. 71 , 78.8 82 .6 79 .9 July Augus t Sep tember 58 .4 49 .1 64 .8 57.8 64.0 53.8 63, 65, 66.3 78.5 77 .6 80.2 Oc tober November De cember 47 .1 67 .4 66 .6 65. 1 64.2 81 .4 73.3 78.8 81 .4 80.8 80.8 82.6 , 76 .2 66 .0 74 .7 83.1 86.3 81 .1 88.1 87 .8 85.2 78.8 80.5 80.2 June • 68 .0 64 .8 71 .2 79.4 76.2 68.0 79.4 75 .9 72. 1 84.6 84.0 83.1 July Augu st September . 59 .3 51 .7 60 .8 63 .4 58. 7 62 .5 69.8 74. 1 72.1 82.6 83.7 82.6 6 0 .5 73 .8 72 . 1 73.8 75.3 79.7 77.9 82.0 83.1 81, 81 , 80.8 Over 12-month span 1975 1976 1977 January February March April May October November December 1978 January Feb ruary March , 69 .8 70 .3 70 . 1 80.2 80.2 75.9 85 .5 79.9 77.9 80 .5 79 .1 77 .6 April May June , 62 .8 56 .4 67 .2 67.4 63. 62, 68.9 67.7 59.6 78 .5 79 •9p 79 .4p July August September 54 .9 51 .7 57 .6 57, October November December 70 .6 80 .8p 75 .6p 76.5p 82.6p 1 49 . 58, Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries. p = preliminary. 96 61.3 72.4p 75.9p ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricuKursI payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division (In thousand*) Mining Total Manufacturing Constructio 1 Stata and araa NOV. NOV. NOV. 1978P 1977 OCT. 1978 1,302.6 1,303.8 345.0 113.4 346.4 113.2 14.6 9.0 16.2 9.4 (1) 142. 4 99.4 (D (D (D (1) 142.3 98.9 (D (D (D 48.6 48.4 .9 1.0 1977 1,278.5 333.8 111.2 142 . 2 97.3 48.8 1 ALABAMA Birmingham 2 Huntsville 3 4 Mobile 5 Montgomery 6 Tuscaloosa OCT. 1978 7 ALASKA 157.6 161.2 8 ARIZONA Phoenix 9 Tucson 10 821.3 872.0 880.2 500.7 535.5 152 .8 162.7 () ARKANSAS Fayetteville—Springdale Fort Smith 13 Little R o c k - N o r t h Little Rock . . . . 14 711 .2 57.2 Pine Bluff 16 C A L I F O R N I A Anaheim-Santa A n a - G a r d e n Grove 17 Bakersf ielci 18 19 20 21 22 NOV. 1978P 1977 16.2 76.5 9.5 21.7 4.2 11.1 Fresno Los Angeles—Long Beach 20. 1 .6 53.9 33.1 69.2 9.8 43.0 13.0 44.2 5. 8 13.2 38.9 4 1.7 41. 1 3.0 3.0 9.1 3. 1 Modesto Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventra . . . . Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario . 23 24 25 .Sacramento Salinas Seaside 26 27 San Diego San Francisco—Oakland 28 29 San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa M a r i a - L o m p o c 30 Santa Rosa 31 Stockton 32 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Monterey 5. 9 735.7 732.3 4.6 5.0 5. 1 59.3 59.4 (D d) 65.6 169.1 65.2 169.3 (1) .6 .8 .8 (D 29.7 29.5 (D (D (D (D 8,693.9 9,186.5 693.8 738.5 9,261.8 744.7 113.5 166.7 117.3 173.6 118.5 173.7 3, 274.8 3,412.6 3,436.8 80. 1 126.7 37 6 . 0 359.6 82.8 85.2 131.7 395.7 85.6 132.5 400.1 554.8 1,416.3 375.5 All 9 OH • Z OJi 1 586.0 581.5 1,442.4 1,445.8 373.4 584.4 107.2 79.8 586.4 107.7 77.0 109.0 91 . 1 114.3 95.2 112.5 94.9 542.2 105.7 80.0 33 COLORADO Denver—Boulder 34 1,095 . 2 696.0 1, 148.6 723.0 1, 150.2 35 CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven-West Haven Stamford Waterbury 724.6 .8 .8 11.4 11.6 .1 . 1 2.2 2.5 .4 .8 2.0 . 1 1.0 .3 . 1 .2 2.2 2.2 .4 36.3 2.4 9.9 6*. 5 3.6 4.2 1 1 i 1 1 a 1 3.1 3.0 2.9 10.2 1.2 9.8 1.1 3 7 9 . 5 43 4 . 7 43. 1 46.5 5.1 6.0 425.6 45.4 1.0 . 8 9.0 11.6 103.4 . 1 5.2 2.2 5.8 2.2 18.3 .4 18.6 10.2 111.3 5.9 6.0 10.2 111.7 5.9 6.0 21.1 21.9 6.0 21.1 21.7 35.1 62.8 38.2 67. 1 38.0 23.0 24.8 .8 1.9 .1 . 8 1.9 . 1 1.1 .3 .1 1. 1 .3 . 1 .2 355.5 64.7 32.8 (*) 162.3 36.1 2.4 9.8 78.9 15. 3 544.2 2.3 9.3 1977 68.0 5.1 20.1 .6 5.8 35.5 NOV. 1978P 18. 0 (*) \ 1 4.4 d) 80.2 23.7 NOV. 6.3 3.7 (1) 1.0 19.4 .6 63.0 167 .8 OCT. 1978 23.2 4.0 11 9 1 1 • / 6. 1 3.6 29.2 12 15 I*) NOV. .2 4. 1 4.5 4.5 4.8 4. 2 4.8 5.2 4. 6 66.4 24.8 4.5 4.7 5.3 4.5 J\J m I OCT. 1978 357.4 68.0 33.9 9Q 9 NOV. 1978P 357.6 68.5 33.7 9O A £. y . u 15.7 8.7 15.2 8.9 15.5 8.3 10.7 (*) 115.2 86.2 12.9 124.7 124.7 91.9 15.7 93.4 14.5 214.6 217.0 215.5 17.7 23.2 18.1 24.0 23.9 31.6 30.4 6.3 6. 1 8.8 18.0 30.2 6.0 1,722.3 1,845.8 1,847.0 177. 1 193.7 191.8 9.2 9.5 9.5 23.0 23.8 23.5 820.6 867. 1 873.7 17.7! 19.8 18.9 19.5 20.7 20.9 57.9 62.4 62.5 24.1 25.6 25.3 9. 9 80.5 192.9 170.8 14.2 1 1.3 18.7 9.0 10.7 10.4 87.5 193.7 88.5 193.7 198. 1 197.1 14.8 12.5 19.0 14.6 12.5 20.4 10.4 9.9 TO Q / 3 • y 44.3 1C7 0 1D 1 .O 107.9 1 f,ft7 loo./ 48.5 5. 1 10.9 1.9 6.4 u n t. / 2.8 405.6 61.2 85.0 27.8 44.6 9 Q fl /. y • \J 32.6 417.7 32.9 2. y . 4 33.2 1 (\ft^ i 00 • D 114.7 25. 2 13.0 26.9 27.0 14.7 68.3 42*. 1 75.4 14.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 45. 1 48.0 5.2 11.0 1.9 6.6 a ft 4. 0 16.0 15.1 16.5 15.4 15.3 14.3 69. 1 65.6 69.8 66.0 69.3 65.8 45.3 114.6 1 f 303.8 1,345.8 1,356.1 36 37 38 39 40 41 155.9 356.7 57.3 176.7 158.6 364.7 58.6 181. 1 102.6 86.0 160.5 367.7 59.4 181.3 42 DELAWARE Wilmington 43 242.7 246.7 218.8 243.3 <U (D (1) (1) 215.1 (D (D 578.0 1,429.4 579.5 1,435.2 (D (D (D (D (D 1,402.0 (1) 14.6 74.3 15.5 78.6 15.3 77.6 15.0 50.3 14.9 51.2 14.9 51.6 2,924.6 3,009.2 3,057.2 8.6 8.9 8.9 179.6 207.9 205.4 384.8 (D (D 618.6 226.2 633.6 234. 1 20.0 14.8 26.1 12.7 31.6 32.5 89.4 92.9 31.3 93.9 52 Pensacola T a m p a - S t . Petersburg 53 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 89.6 447.9 158.3 91.9 460.3 161.6 641.4 237.5 92.3 464.4 (D (D (D 20.7 14.8 Miami Orlando (D (D (D (D CD 409.8 33.7 33.6 418.6 271.8 273.0 21. 1 266.6 268.2 271.2 54 GEORGIA Albany 55 1,919.3 1,955.2 37.9 Atlanta 794.9 115.8 40.5 806.2 44 DISTRICT OF C O L U M B I A Washington SMSA 45 46 F L O R I D A Fort Lauderdal?—Hollywood 47 Jacksonville 48 49 50 51 56 57 58 59 Augusta Columbus Macon 60 Savannah Sea footnotes at end of table. 98 99.4 84^5 215.6 577.9 26 1 .3 120.4 80.5 94.7 80.5 96.4 80.9 78.9 102.9 86.8 166. 1 1,962.3 40.9 (1) (D (1) (1) (1) (1) (D (D (D (D 7. 1 (1) 7.4 7.4 (1) (1) 120.3 81.1 (D (D (D 96.4 (1) 80.5 (D (D (D (D (D O) (D (D (D (D (D (D 812.4 4.5 11.2 1.8 6.0 U c: *+ . 3 2.9 6.0 28.3 11.6 2.9 14.6 32.3 14.0 7.2 33.2 31.4 14.4 28.1 13.1 63.6 88.2 28.3 44.4 9Q 9 421.6 64.2 89.7 28.9 44.4 33.9 33.6 31.7 12.8 7.3 33.4 61.7 12.8 65.5 13. 1 13.3 21.8 22.8 66.5 23.5 91.0 3.0 99. 2 3.9 98.6 4.4 506.6 10.4 507.3 10.6 34.0 34.9 5.7 34.7 6.6 489.2 9.5 123.7 5.1 4.7 5. 1 4.4 5.0 5.0 133.7 36.6 20.7 16.0 16.4 133.1 36.6 20.7 15.4 16.7 7.2 5.0 4.5 5.6 36.3 20.8 15.9 16.4 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilitiai Finance, insurance, and real estate Wholesale and retail trade NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978P NOV. 1978 179.7 58.3 16.1 26.1 17.3 182.7 59.5 16.2 26.2 17.8 182.6 59.4 16.2 26.1 17.9 266.0 5.5 5.4 (*) 24.9 48.9 37.2 NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 66.8 24.9 69.5 26.8 69.4 26.9 262.9 82.2 21.2 34.9 24.4 266.9 83.5 21.8 35.1 24.2 268.6 84.5 21.9 35.5 24.6 56.5 23.0 57.9 23.7 58.0 23.8 3.1 6.5 5.6 9.5 9.4 9.5 1 .6 3.2 6.6 5.7 1.7 3.2 6.6 5.7 1.7 (*) 7 .9 7.8 48.6 37.0 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 5.3 50.0 31.3 22.6 23.8 17.0 271.8 50.4 31.5 23.2 24.6 16.9 272.5 50.6 31.6 23.2 24.6 16.9 26.0 (*) 52. 1 53.4 156.5 95.5 30.9 162.1 101.3 32.3 163.6 102.6 32.8 190.0 94.0 43.8 193.7 96.1 43.6 194.9 97.6 43.1 30.5 2. 1 98.3 102.4 102.0 7.0 7.7 7.8 133.5 11.0 135.2 10.7 135.3 10.7 2.3 10.9 30.8 10.9 31.2 7.4 7.4 7.3 34.4 34.0 34.1 4.7 4.7 6.6 7.0 6.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 10.9 10.9 10.8 4.5 1.8 4.8 1.7 4.8 1.7 14.6 14.8 (*) 27.4 28.1 42.3 25.7 45.3 27.9 45.5 28.0 8. 1 198. 1 130.5 213.3 140.6 37.4 45.9 35.1 34.8 209.5 137.7 36.9 6.9 7.3 42.0 3. 1 161.6 14.5 13.9 39.6 160.8 14.7 13.9 40.0 29.7 30.5 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 12.2 12.2 5.8 5.9 12.0 1 .2 10.4 29.9 1.3 1.3 4.5 7.8 8.1 38.6 42.3 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 11.4 1 1.9 11.8 153.0 13.7 13.3 39.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 6.0 3.2 (3ov#fnvn#nt Services 7.4 1977 70.4 4 8.4 70.4 48.3 278.1 177.2 281.9 177.1 284.4 179.0 63.4 45.2 67.0 47.5 67.2 47.7 212.3 140.2 228.1 149.1 228.2 149.0 226.0 125.9 230. 1 126.5 230.7 127.0 56.9 58.4 58.0 95.9 95.1 5.7 5.7 283.9 32.8 76.0 91 .4 5.6 6.4 6.4 6.5 52.9 1 .5 245.6 28.7 65.5 260.7 28.3 69.0 261.2 28.8 69.4 179.0 16.9 52.4 181.2 16.5 50.3 183.8 16.7 50.7 14.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 9.7 9.9 14.7 14.9 14.9 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.5 3. 1 3. 1 37.8 23.2 15.6 38.3 23.4 15.7 12.3 11.3 12.4 11.5 12.5 11 .5 53.6 43.9 52.8 43.3 25.5 63.3 25.9 64.5 25.9 65.0 65.3 274.6 185.4 183.6 186.0 13.5 13.6 13.7 21.2 22.0 22.0 59.9 62.6 63.0 11.4 11.4 12.2 14.5 15. 1 4.4 4.5 4.5 25.7 25.9 26.2 6.9 7.0 7.0 759.4 74.9 69.8 163.5 62.6 20.5 127.1 40.9 121.0 125.1 125.7 444.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 72.0 75.5 75.5 3.8 3.1 4.4 8.0 4.0 3.2 4.4 7.3 3.9 3.2 4.4 8. 0 6 7 64.1 44.4 287.9 33.5 77.0 10.0 38.8 23.6 16.0 3 4 5 (•) 480.2 507.1 509.5 2.025.5 2 , 1 7 6 . 0 2,203.2 505.9 533.3 536.4 1,772.0 1,906.1 1,918.6 1,773.0 1,747.4 1,785.2 99.7 148.4 105.5 135.9 44.3 44.9 185. 1 4 0 . 6 182.4 20.9 23.4 23.3 101.5 148.0 168.4 19.5 31.3 18.4 4.3 4.3 30.4 4 .1 31.2 29.9 7.0 7.3 7.4 31.5 19.3 29.1 9.4 9.7 40.6 31.6 41.4 30.3 9.4 47.3 8 .9 47.7 9.3 9.7 41.2 31.4 44.0 740.8 496.2 702. 1 179.6 189.9 192.9 501.3 798.5 198 .4 204.7 205.3 788.3 502.3 738.4 7 63.1 15.4 2.7 2.7 21.9 2.6 15.9 14.6 21.8 3.7 3.6 16.2 3.5 17.1 15.3 20.2 37.5 22.6 37.7 22.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.6 32.5 32.3 37.6 22.4 29.0 98.5 80.6 95.3 76.2 15.5 95.9 14.8 94.7 20.5 2 1 . 8 21.9 100.3 79.5 15.6 90.5 17.1 137.8 18.8 18.6 19.6 19.4 137.3 65. 1 61.1 86.2 85.0 138.5 64.8 18.9 81.9 3.7 22.4 23.2 15.9 3.8 3.8 21.8 22.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 22.3 16.9 16.8 21.2 138.5 140.2 114.5 32.8 33.0 139. 1 3 0 . 7 137.0 24.7 25.9 26.3 139.5 120.8 120.8 128.3 287.8 296.5 120.4 124.4 124.2 291.5 336.3 122.3 127.4 127.8 332.6 287.9 307.5 307.6 327.9 82.9 84.9 116.8 113.6 21 .6 22.6 18.8 19.4 19.5 111.8 83.8 124.7 124.9 22.6 106.2 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.5 25.0 26.0 26.6 26.1 26.1 25.1 27.6 27.8 25.5 14.6 4.4 4.4 19.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 19.2 20.2 19.2 4.2 19.5 15.2 15.1 18.1 4.7 4.7 7.9 7.9 7.8 4.5 27.3 27.6 20.3 26.8 27.4 27.5 21.3 21.3 25.1 3.1 3.1 3.7 16.4 19.4 3.0 3.9 3.8 36.5 37.0 19.3 36.8 17.2 17.2 17.6 280.2 32.6 75.4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 55.2 55.3 1.6 9.9 6.9 3.1 1.6 9.9 6.9 3.1 8.4 9.0 9.1 6.6 6.4 6.5 9.6 6.6 2.9 40.3 22.3 16.2 43.5 23.4 16.9 43.3 23.4 16.9 23.7 10.3 11.3 23.6 11.4 11.5 23.5 11.4 11.9 36 37 38 39 4041 53.8 44.0 11 . 1 11.1 9.9 9.9 11.2 10.0 39.1 34.7 41.1 36.6 41.1 36.4 41.5 35. 1 43.0 36.1 40.1 33.1 42 43 66.1 280.2 66.6 283.5 33.4 81.1 32.7 82.6 32.9 82.6 151.6 334.1 153.0 344.0 153.2 344.2 272.5 524.3 269.9 528.3 270.7 530.7 44 45 768.5 76.9 70.1 162.0 61.9 20.7 126.8 40.9 785.3 2 0 1 . 2 211.7 213.7 80.7 21 .8 22.5 22.3 28.9 70.9 2 7 . 8 29.0 166.0 4 5 . 1 46.6 47.0 15.4 63.0 16.7 16.8 3.6 3.6 20.7 3.7 128.4 3 3 . 0 34.8 35.1 12.2 42.3 13.1 13.3 638.8 59.4 48.4 146.5 57.9 16.5 96.6 38.5 649.0 58.6 49.3 147.8 60.2 17.0 97.8 38.1 662.6 59.0 49.5 150.3 60.2 17.1 98.8 39.5 566.8 40.1 52.1 88. 1 38. 1 25.4 75.5 26.4 569.8 41.8 52.7 89.4 38.6 26.1 76.3 26.6 576.7 41.5 53.2 89.8 39.2 26.3 76.0 27.2 446.7 449.9 9 9 . 1 101.9 102.3 1.8 1.8 1 .8 5 6 . 7 57.6 57.7 283.9 287.0 287.9 383.3 381.2 383.2 4.7 4.8 4.7 8.5 8.9 8.9 146.1 15.2 10.8 15.6 12.8 146.8 134.5 28.5 18.5 30.2 132.7 28.4 18.4 30.9 14.8 8.6 8.7 8.6 227.3 21.3 17.3 19.0 18.4 225.8 230.2 25.4 17.4 19.7 19.0 25.3 17.3 19.1 18.7 4.2 4.8 5.7 3.8 4.3 5.0 5.6 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.7 4.0 146*7 14.6 11.0 15. 1 13.2 15.1 10.8 15.8 12.8 15.7 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 134.3 28.2 18.7 31.1 14.9 56 57 58 59 BO 99 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued (In thousands) Mining Total State and ar«a NOV. 1977 OCT. 978P 16. 3 13. 2 20.5 17.5 20.6 17.6 18.8 15.2 22.5 16.5 23.1 19. 9 5. 8 22.8 21.5 56.3 59.3 59.4 7.0 7.0 8.3 9.5 9.5 2 6 . 3 182. 5 196.0 1.4 1. 3 (2) 3.2 2. 8 (2) ( • ) 135. 1 153.6 4 . 3 120. 1 137.9 6. 9 7.2 (2) 4. 0 4.3 (2) 8. 9 9.9 (2) 3. 7 3.9 (2) 5. 1 5.0 (2) 89.9 OCT 1978 HOT. 1978P NOV. 1977 1 HAWAII Honolulu 2 351.6 293.8 363. 0 301. 6 368.6 306.6 (D (D (D (D (1) 3 IDAHO 4 Boise City 317 .3 73 .3 341. 1 84. 4 339.0 84. 4 3.6 11) 3.7 \ *1 3.8 (1)1 \ * 668.5 4 , 780. 6 4 , 7 8 7 . 3 52. 0 52.4 51.0 69. 0 69.2 68.7 399.7 3 , 473. 7 (*) 151.0 3 , 226. 2 3 ,233.8 160. 6 160.6 155.9 57. 5 57.3 56.6 154. 4 154.3 149 .9 122. 8 123.5 115.7 84. 9 84.8 85.9 27. 6 (2) (2) 4.6 4.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 26.3 (2) (2) 4.5 4.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 5 ILLINOIS 4, Bloomington-Normal 6 Champaign-Urbana -Rantoul 7 Chicago—Gary 8 3, Chicago SMSA^3 9 3, Davenport-Rock Island-Moline . . . 10 Decatur 11 Peoria 12 Rockford 13 Springfield 14 15 INDIANA 2 , 129.5 2 , 208. 8 2 ,212.4 Anderson 16 53. 2 53.3 53.1 Evansville 17 121. 2 121.3 119.1 Fort Wayne 18 171. 5 172,1 164.2 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago? .••.-. 19 254. 6 255.4 248.7 c IIQ 9 7 Indianapolis 20 503.9 J 43i • / Lafayette-West Lafayette 21 58^ 58. 5 56.0 Muncie 22 50.3 50. 4 50.7 South Bend 23 7 108. 106 .6 109 .5 Terre Haute 24 63*.3 63! 4 6i!s 8.8 1.2 089 . 7 1 t 110. 2 1 110.1 • 83.8 83! 3 81 . 1 173. 2 17 1 . 4 173.7 44. 3 43.5 44.6 52.8 52. 6 53.8 63. 9 64.7 64.6 907.4 84.9 192.5 l 25 IOWA Cedar Rapids 26 28 Des Moines Dubuque 29 Sioux City 30 • t Waterloo-Cedar Falls 27 (D (D (1) (D nm5 2. 5 2.5 (1) 2.4 (1) 2. 4 (1) 57. 5 3. 8 d) (D (D 7. 1. 4. 2. 13.3 .2 1.9 .2 2.1 13.2 .2 56.3 I 4 t (1) (1) 59.9 (•) (1) 60.3 65.9 67.9 68.1 (1) .9 9.5 1.4 .3 (1) .8 9.9 1.5 .3 (1) .8 9.9 1.6 .3 14.2 14.3 14.3 4.6 4.9 4.9 (1) "3 30.6 .6 .8 2. 1 /1 \ (1) (1) -. .. 48. 3 183. 2 59. 9 54. 9 48. 3 459. 3 139. 1 48.3 183.1 60.0 54.4 48.3 461.1 140.2 394.7 33.7 84.6 It 410. 5 34. 7 87. 6 407.1 34.8 88.0 (D (D (D (D (D (D 558.2 1. 612. 6 1 ,617.3 903. 8 907.1 873.1 1.5 (1) 1.5 (1) 1.5 (D (1) (D (D 2 , 453.9 2. 1 , 331 .4 1. 55.6 55.3 104.4 68.2 61.2 224.6 156.1 3, 510.4 131 .5 65.5 550. 0 2 ,553.2 377. 9 1 ,386.0 58. 5 58.6 57. 6 57.7 107. 0 107.7 69. 4 69.8 63. 3 63.3 229. 0 229.6 160.0 161.0 3 . 6 1 1 . 5 3 ,618.9 134. 4 137.1 67. 7 67.7 8 107.5 2 1.3 7.5 8 7 7.3 0 15.7 9 20. 4 1. 9 2.2 2.2 2. 1 93. 1. 6. 6. 15. 19. 1.4 (D 12.2 902. 4 84. 2 190. 8 NOV 1.3 (D 47.7 178.8 58-0 53.3 46 .7 452.2 134.1 Lawrence-Haverhill . .'. . . •'. : 1OO (1) 1 , 352.4 1 , 368. 8 1 r 373.8 Brockton . . Fall River 60 M I C H I G A N Ann Arbor 61 Battle Crt-ek 62 (1) (D (D (D 29.5 51 MASSACHUSETTS Boston . . . . . : 52 Lowell (1) (D (D 1 , 258. 1 1 ,257.6 41 C 1 1 1 it n « IHD • / m<t. l 406. 1 384.3 403. 3 30. 5 Baltimore !*...• New Bedford Springfield—Chicopee—Holyoke Worcester . . ' (D (D (D (1) (D 1 J*t • J MARYLAND \ . . : 56 57 58 59 (D (1) (D 46 MAINE Lewiston-Auburn 47 Portland 48 55 2.4 (1) (D 1r 2 0 4 . 6 38 LOUISIANA Alexandria 39 Baton Rouge 40 Lafayette 41 Lake Charles 42 Monroe 43 New Orleans 44 Shreveport 45 53 54 0) 2.4 • (1) \ '1 4 " 11 3 49 9.2 2.5 f 1) i 'i Louisville Owensboro 50 (D l\)# i* \ *1 876.3 82.5 177.3 34 KENTUCKY 36 37 9.5 (D (1) 31 KANSAS Topeka 32 Wichita 33 35 (D (D d) (1) (D (D d) CD 10.5 d) (!) NOV. 1978P OCT. 1978 OV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P HOT. 1977 Manufacturing Construction 9 8 4 9 1.4 3. 1 (*) 36.7 6.8 4.1 9.8 3.7 4.9 07.0 1.3 4. 9 7.5 7.3 15.8 20. 0 2.1 2.2 5. 0 2.6 2.5 60.0 57.5 4.1 7.7 4.2 7.5 2.0 4.0 2.5 2. 2 4. 1 2.5 1978 ,243.2 1 , 2 5 2 . 6 8.3 6.5 8.9 6.7 948.2 848.7 47.1 18.3 51.2 50.3 963.7 859.8 49.3 18.8 53.1 56.9 9.7 8.3 17.0 1 256.6 8.6 6.7 (*) 861.8 49.9 1 8.7 52.7 57.3 8.2 719.5 26.6 37.0 59.5 99.5 127.3 12.2 14.9 33. 0 16.4 743.4 25.9 37.9 62.2 103.7 129.1 13.1 14.5 33.6 16.9 743.7 25.9 37.8 61.9 104.2 129.3 13.0 14.5 33.8 16.8 243.7 28.2 24.8 16.7 11.0 22.0 248.6 29.8 24.8 16 .8 248.7 29.9 24.7 17.0 9.9 9.9 21.4 21.9 45. 0 3. 6 9. 8 47. 1 3.7 9.8 3.6 9.7 170.9 11.1 49.3 187.7 11.3 61.8 188.8 11.5 62.6 68. 0 76.8 75.6 288.3 297.0 297.7 0 f: O.O JU • 1 21.7 111.2 111.9 7.5 7.1 104. 4 106.3 105.7 206.0 207.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 24.4 24.4 24.5 1 r\ u 18. 9 a 2. 0 3. 0 22. 8 4. 7 5. 5 4. 5 26. 6 8. 7 0.0 22.0 2.6 3.0 24.1 46.3 2.4 3. 1 23.9 09 7 •DO A JJtU 112.3 7.1 208.9 5.4 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 11.8 12.3 26.4 10.1 26.4 10.3 51.9 28.4 12.3 8. 1 52.9 28.5 22.3 21.2 1.4 4.2 1.3 4.0 108.8 12.5 15.8 113.2 12.6 16.2 112.2 12.7 16.2 91. 2 44. 3 98. 1 97.3 48.3 47.8 237.7 163.7 247.0 168.8 247.0 168.4 (1) 75. 5 (D 43. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 5. 4. 83.1 45.2 2. 1 80.5 44.9 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.0 5.6 4. 2 635.7 273.7 11.9 20.7 39.1 22.9 24.7 65.3 45.7 658.3 285.7 12.3 21.5 39.1 23.2 25.9 67.6 47.0 660.7 286.0 12.3 21.5 39.4 23.3 26.0 67.6 47.4 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 13.5 13.4 CD (D (1) (1) (D (1) (D (D 21. 5 1. 3 4. 1 1 9 4 6 5 7 6 5 2.7 2. 1 5.6 4.2 139. 0 165.8 3. 0 1. 8 3.3 2.0 2.1 7.8 8.1 53. 1 28.6 I 5 7 . 7 1,137.3 1 , 1 7 0 . 2 1 ,168.0 44.2 3.3 44.7 42.3 23.8 1.9 23.9 23.3 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued (In thousands) 1 Transportation and Finance, insurance, and real estate Wholesale and retail trade public utilities Government Services 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P N O V . 1 9 7 7 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 2 5 . 8 2 3 . 0 86. 1 70.2 89.1 72.6 89.8 73.0 8 6 . 3 7 3 . 6 86. 1 73. 1 88.0 75.0 2 2 2 . 0 9.3 53.3 12.1 57.9 13.8 57.3 13.8 6 8 . 8 1 7 . 0 71.4 18.5 71.0 18.2 4 278.1 286.3 2 8 6 . 4 1 r 0 7 8 . 9 1 r 0 7 7 . 6 1 , 0 8 6 . 5 2 7 0 . 6 2 7 9 . 9 2 8 0 . 9 7 .1 7.3 7.3 1 2 . 3 3.0 3.0 11.7 3.0 12.2 1 5 . 3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 15.2 15.0 2.5 2 1 7 . 9 2 1 0 . 5 773.9 787.8 205.3 211.4 (*) (*) (*) 7 3 0 . 3 2 0 1 . 8 2 0 9 . 8 2 1 0 . 6 739.3 724.6 190.5 197.4 1 9 7 . 5 6.6 6.5 4 0 . 1 6.6 38.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 40.0 4.7 2.5 2.5 12.1 12.1 4.7 4.7 2.5 12.2 6.9 35.7 7.2 7.2 35.4 35.2 8.3 8.3 8.0 3 . 8 3.9 3.8 24.8 4.7 4.7 24.6 24.5 4.6 4.9 6.8 6.9 6.5 5.0 4.9 18.9 18.5 18.6 851.7 7.7 9.9 647.7 615.6 23.7 9.5 26.1 16.6 16.5 886.2 884.5 7.7 9.9 10.0 9.8 9.8 27.5 16.9 16.5 27.4 16.9 16.5 5 . 9 1 . 9 9 . 8 0 . 5 0 . 4 5 . 1 5.4 1 3 . 6 1 2 . 1 2 4 . 6 775.5 11.5 29. 1 486.0 46 1.0 25.7 5.3 13.1 12.1 24.7 776.2 12.0 29.2 (*) 462.4 25.7 5.4 13.2 12.2 24.6 302.2 301.6 6.7 6.6 21.8 25.9 32.9 78.5 21.7 26.1 32.9 78.6 3 4 9 . 1 5.9 1 2 . 2 1 5 . 4 3 0 . 1 8 4 . 8 1 9 . 2 1 1 . 2 1 1 . 8 1 1.9 362.9 5.7 12.2 15.6 29.7 87.2 19.4 363.1 5.7 12.1 15.5 29.7 87.2 19.5 11.2 11.9 12.0 21 2 1 2 . 6 1 0 . 2 2 9 . 3 3.9 7.3 1 1 . 6 214.7 10.1 29.5 25 3.8 7.3 28 11.6 30 1977 OCT. N O V . 1978 1 9 7 8 P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 N O V . 1 9 7 8 P 28.1 23.2 28.4 23.4 2 8 . 5 2 3 . 5 91.2 76.4 90.9 75.8 18.5 4.4 19.8 1 9 . 7 4.8 80.0 19.9 84.0 21.7 NOV. 4.8 106.5 109.6 1.4 6.4 1.5 6.5 1 0 9 . 6 1.6 6.5 10.1 14.8 29.9 10.7 14.6 30.2 10.6 14.1 30.2 1.5 1.6 2.1 5.2 3.8 5.1 3.8 54.5 3.8 10.8 1.6 3.5 2.5 54.9 54.6 3.8 3.8 10.6 1.6 3.8 2.5 10.9 58.7 7.6 10.1 59.4 7.6 10.1 59.9 65.9 6.2 23.7 2.0 69.4 6.8 25.4 2. 1 2.0 5.1 3.9 1.6 2. 1 1.6 3.8 2.5 7.7 10.2 69.1 6.9 25.4 2.1 N O V . 1 9 7 7 O C T . 1 9 7 8 N O V . 1 9 7 8 P 9 2 . 8 7 7 . 5 2 4 . 8 2 2 . 0 2 5 . 5 2 2 . 7 8 4 . 4 2 1 . 8 1 6 . 9 5.8 2 2 . 1 9.1 NOV. 477.9 10.5 28.8 40.2 49.1 122.7 11.2 11.7 25.5 15.6 482.4 10.6 29.2 41.0 49.9 124.3 11.4 11.9 25.9 15.9 9 2 . 5 1.6 4.0 9 . 2 8.7 3 3 . 8 2.7 1 . 5 4 . 9 2.0 9 5 . 8 1.6 4.1 9.6 8.9 3 4 . 4 2.8 1.5 5.0 2.0 9 5 . 8 1.6 4.1 9.7 8.8 3 4 . 3 2.8 1.5 5.0 2.0 292.9 6.5 21.5 24.7 32.1 76.0 277.5 17.4 46.2 9.5 13.7 13.8 279.9 17.3 46.3 281.0 17.6 46.5 5 2 . 1 3.9 1 8 . 8 5 3 . 4 4.1 1 8 . 9 5 3 . 3 4 . 1 1 9 . 0 9.6 9.8 13.7 13.7 13.8 13.9 213.3 18.3 40.5 217.7 18.5 41.5 220.0 18.7 41.9 43.0 261.1 31- 1 84.5 7.1 270.4 33.0 90.6 271.8 33.9 92.3 7.1 7.4 326.3 11.0 36.9 15.7 12.6 12.0 120.3 35. 1 329.5 11.0 37.4 15.8 12.7 12.0 121.6 35.7 89.2 466.4 9.9 28.7 38.6 48.5 121.0 10.7 11.6 25.3 14.9 662.7 631.2 24. 1 7.7 (*) 630.2 23.9 7.8 7.0 8.2 7.3 8.2 7.3 22.0 22.8 22.8 8.7 9.0 9.0 190.2 14.3 34.8 198.3 14.0 35.4 198.0 14.0 35.6 7 3 1 2 4 6 4 3 2 1.6 9.8 2 8 . 2 4.0 7.2 1 1 . 2 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 7 1 2 . 1 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 1.2 2.7 1.9 1.2 8.8 9.0 9.1 2.7 1.8 11.2 10.4 11.1 10.3 11.3 10.4 5.7 9 . 0 44.2 5.7 9.1 4 4 . 2 5.7 9.1 151.9 15.1 34.3 157.4 15.8 34.1 157.1 15.8 34.5 1 8 1 . 3 2 1 . 0 2 2 . 6 175.6 21.4 22.3 177.9 21.7 22.4 31 32 4 8 . 3 6.2 2 1 . 1 1 . 2 51.5 6.7 22.2 1.2 5 1 . 7 6.7 2 2 . 3 1.2 188.6 23.3 70.2 193.5 24.8 74.6 192.8 25.2 75.5 239.6 31.5 56.6 238.6 31.4 56.7 34 35 4.9 5.4 5.4 2 2 8 . 1 3 0 . 4 5 4 . 6 4.2 4.2 4.3 6 5 . 5 68.1 2.7 10.8 6 8 . 3 225.2 2 5 8 . 4 1 3 . 6 4 8 . 6 9.0 8.6 9.7 7 2 . 6 2 0 . 9 255.6 13.8 51.1 255.5 13.7 51.0 9.4 8.7 9.4 9.1 8.6 9.3 72.8 21.6 72.6 21.6 1 .2 2.7 1 .8 29 33 36 37 231.5 232.0 2.7 10.8 8.8 9.3 9.3 25.8 26.0 25.6 2.0 2.3 3.2 2.0 2.3 3.2 9.4 8.3 6.9 9.6 8.3 7.5 9.7 8.3 7.5 27.6 27.6 6.2 6.2 95.4 21.7 97.5 23.0 97.7 23.0 1 5 . 1 1 . 4 6.5 15.7 15.5 66.0 69.7 68.4 82.7 1.4 6.8 6.5 7.1 7.1 81. 1 3. 1 81.3 1.4 6.8 3.1 3.2 46 47 17.3 17.8 17.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 48 8 4 5 1 87.6 52.9 49 4.3 2.9 2.3 4.2 3.1 2.3 4.2 3.0 2.3 43.8 47.5 47.8 9.2 9.7 9.9 326.9 11.1 37.3 15.6 12.6 12. 1 120.4 34.6 17.7 18.0 17.8 84.5 90.3 1.1 4.9 1.1 5.0 1.1 4.9 7.8 8.0 8.0 22.1 23.8 24.5 79.8 54.5 84.7 58.5 84.6 58.4 375.5 197.0 382.6 200.0 385.8 203.0 87.4 52.9 305. 1 165.0 323.5 172.4 322.9 172.3 382.9 197.0 387.6 202.9 390.8 204.3 114.5 116.7 116.6 68. 1 69.0 68.3 573.1 307.0 15.6 12.6 23.3 15.2 12.0 45.3 34.4 577. 1 1 3 8 . 7 143.1 143.3 98.9 98.4 9 5 . 0 312.3 2,2 2.0 2.2 15.7 12.9 2.7 2.8 2.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 23.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 15.4 1.9 1 . 8 1.9 12.1 1 1 . 2 4 5 . 5 11.6 11.6 545.7 345.1 581.6 371.8 8.6 8.8 8.8 9.3 394.1 201.5 13.5 396.7 202.3 13.5 7.9 7.9 7.9 15. 1 10.4 15.2 10.3 8.4 8.6 3 4 . 9 8.3 8.4 8.5 41.7 29.7 42.4 31.0 578.3 373.5 8.9 9.2 15.1 10.4 8.6 42.6 30.9 393.9 201.6 12.3 2.7 9.8 7.0 549.9 303.9 14.9 12.1 21.8 15.0 12.1 45.5 34.3 45.8 26.5 18.9 12.8 10.2 46.8 28.2 19.1 13.0 10.0 46.9 28.1 58 59 152.0 152.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 716.9 18.5 10.9 719.0 17.9 11.2 7 2 8 . 3 1 9 . 1 1 1 . 4 1 4 1 . 1 3.6 3.5 145.5 146.3 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.6 581.6 18.1 613.2 17.6 11.9 609.8 17.6 11.9 034.4 43.8 12.5 632.3 45.2 12.9 642.9 46.2 12.8 61 62 100.1 105.7 105.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 8.4 9. 1 9. 1 4.0 1.9 4. 1 3.1 2.6 9.5 7.1 149.6 2.2 2.1 4.0 2.0 4.2 3.1 2.6 9.7 6.8 3.9 2.0 4. 1 3. 1 2.7 1 0 . 6 1.9 2.2 3 .1 2 7 . 3 6.0 .5 . 6 11.4 18. 1 12.2 9.9 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 60 101 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued (In thouMnds) Total Mining Manufacturing Comtruction Start* and arM NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOY. 1978P NOV. 1977 NOY. 1978 1978P OCT. NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P NOV. 1977 1978 NOV. 1978P 3.1 3.4 11.2 579.0 88.3 85.8 15.9 35.6 43.8 22.4 37.3 12.0 592.2 92.2 90.0 17.5 36.8 45.3 23.2 38. 1 12.1 591.1 93.1 88.3 17.4 37.1 45.7 23.5 38.6 343.7 7.8 224.4 366.0 8.0 236. 1 365.0 OCT. MICHIGAN—Continued 1 Bay City Detroit Flint 2 3 Grand Rapids Jackson 4 5 Kalamazoo—Portage 8 Muskegon Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts Saginaw 10 11 Lansing—East Lansing MINNESOTA Duluth—Superior Minneapolis—St. Paul 12 (D (D (D 1.2 (1) (1) 1.3 (1) 2.6 (1) (D 41.9 51.0 88.0 2.5 48.7 805.7 135.3 7.8 1.1 8.1 1.1 8. 1 1. 1 42. 1 43.8 42.9 7.4 7.9 8.1 236.3 18.4 235.5 18.9 234.6 18.7 8.7 .5 (2) 2.7 (2) 7.4 .6 (2) 7.4 .6 (2) 2.7 (2) 78.3 25.2 1.9 37.0 84.6 28.0 80.7 27.0 445.0 123.1 451.8 126.3 453.6 126.4 3.5 7. 3 (1) 805.9 134.7 281.6 46.1 30.9 7.3 (D (D (D d) NEBRASKA Lincoln Omaha 25 590.6 95.6 255.1 605.0 98.3 256.9 606.5 98.8 256.5 1.7 1.7 (2) (2) NEVADA Las Vegas Reno 318.9 172.9 93.6 352.1 188.4 107.6 352.9 189.3 107.5 4.2 .2 .6 3.3 .2 28 29 30 31 NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Nashua 350.6 69.8 51 .3 373. 1 73.4 54.9 372.5 74.1 55.6 .5 (2) (2) 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 NEW JERSEY 3. 1 23 24 2,901 .7 2,977.0 71.8 65.9 318.9 309.8 387.6 380.4 233.1 234.0 150.5 148 .4 271.9 265.3 939.9 912.4 190.7 185.6 163.2 160 . 1 58.0 56.1 (•) (*) (*) (•) (*) (*) (*) (*) (•) (*) (*) 426.3 169.4 455.2 181.4 6,927.2 NEW YORK 323.6 Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton 113.3 Buffalo 505.5 Elmira 37.4 Monroe County 326.4 8 Nassau-Suffolk . 842.2 New York—Northeastern New Jersey • 6 , 4 2 2 . 3 New York and Nassau-Suffolk 6. 4,444.6 New York SMSA ?- .-.• 3,602.a 3, 194.9 New York City •' 7,008.3 325.0 114.6 509.5 37.8 329.5 861.6 6,497.8 4,474.7 3,613. 1 3,198.6 92.3 406.9 76.6 259.8 115.8 326.6 AtlanticCity Camden s.-. - ^ . . Hackensack 6 .-.-.Jersey City . 6 Long Branch-Asbury Park New Bruns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville? . Newark .6. . . , Paterson-Clifton-Passaic 6- . . . . . ' . . . Trenton Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton 43 NEW MEXICO Albuquerque 44 55 56 57 58 59 Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland Country i 9 . . ., 60 Syracuse Utica—Rome 61 Westchester County • • • See fo<rtnotes«t«•**}* table. 102 18.0 93.3 269 .4 44.7 29.7 53 54 1.5 4.6 6.1 3.3 3.4 2.7 6.3 52 (D (D (D 1.8 4.1 5.3 2.6 2.6 79.2 280.7 46.2 31.0 50 51 8.0 11.9 1.5 4.4 5.7 (1) MONTANA Billings 21 Great Falls 22 20 49 8.2 12.8 (D St. Louis Springfield 48 6.7 10.5 18.7 18 46 47 (D (D (D (D (D 1,874.7 1,909.2 1,907.3 606.6 605.6 598.3 35.9 35.7 36.5 962.0 957.8 937 .1 78.7 81.1 81. 1 45 2.0 74,5 5.5 (1) Kansas City St. Joseph 15 MISSOURI 42 2.0 77.1 (D (D (D (D 16 17 26 27 1.6 67.4 (D (D (D d) (D 780.1 130.3 13 MISSISSIPPI Jackson 14 19 (D 1.2 1,642.4 1,727.6 1,730. 1 60.3 60.9 59.1 994.9 1,031.4 1,038.3 6 7 9 38.3 37.8 35.9 1,727.8 1,772.5 1,778.2 209.8 208.2 199.7 252.3 254.3 245.5 53.7 53.6 51 .6 110.0 109.2 106.2 195.0 193.2 187. 4 62.5 62.6 60.1 94.8 93.5 90.3 •• • • 88.8 401 .8 75.7 254.9 113.4 32 0.4 (1) 8.2 235.9 2.0 1.8 9.5 9.2 42.4 3.9 42.3 3.5 248.4 18.2 254.9 18.0 255.8 18.1 16.7 18.5 17.1 25.8 27.2 27.0 (D 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.5 1.9 4.3 1.8 4.2 2.0 4.2 2.1 1.6 32.4 35.2 33.9 4.4 4.7 4.7 (2) 12.6 12.9 12.4 90.9 14.2 35.1 95.3 14.5 36.1 95.2 14.4 36.0 3.3 .2 .6 21. 1 10.5 25.5 13.2 9. 1 25.1 13.1 15.6 17.4 17.5 8.0 5.7 7.0 6.1 7.7 6.2 7.8 .4 (2) (2) .4 (2) 21.4 24.3 24.0 3.3 2.4 3.5 2.7 3.4 2.7 105.2 19.6 22.6 108.0 19.5 24.3 109.1 19.5 24.8 2.8 .1 (*) <*> (*) 107.5 121.0 784.8 796.4 d) (D (D (D (D (*) <*) (*) <*> (*) (*) (*) (*) <*) (•) (*) - . 1 2.7 (2) .7 (2) 3.6 3.8 12. 1 14.7 4. 4 6. 1 12.6 16.5 8.8 9.3 8.6 7.7 68.5 111.5 74.9 24.4 87.4 247.8 65.7 38.4 19.5 71.2 113.7 71.7 23.8 91.0 253.9 67.4 37.7 19.6 (•) <*) (*) (•) <*) (*) (•) <*) (*) (*> (•) 32.9 17.0 34.7 18.0 34.6 17.8 (1) 1.1 1.0 (D (D (D (D (D (D (•) (*) (*) (*) (•) <*) (*) (*) 455.9 181,6 24.2 25.0 25.1 (D (D (1) 7,034.6 325.1 115.6 512.1 37.9 332.1 861.4 7.5 7.2 (D (D CD (D (D d) (D (D (D (D (D (D 3.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 3.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 (D (D d) (D (D (D (D iU 7 . 1 208.5 222.7 216.5 1,482.9 1,494.3 1 r 502.5 11.8 11.3 11.4 61.7 64.3 62.0 d) 4.4 40.8 4.6 4.7 41.6 42.1 (1) 145.4 143.8 145.0 19.4 19.5 19.9 d) 1.9 1.8 11.7 11.6 1..8 11.7 (1) 9.8 9.8 131.8 130.9 129.1 10.0 (1) 156.9 157.4 154.6 (D 34.4 36.0 34.4 <*) 1,373.4 1,384.3 (*) 187.5 198.2 (*) 793. 1 786.7 786.2 1. 9 1 19.4 123.8 122.0 1.7 635.7 629.9 631.6 87.6 85.0 87.9 68.8 71.2 71.3 1.5 549.0 543.8 547.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 30.9 30.9 29.0 (1) 154.1 153.3 150.8 12.4 12.0 12.6 d) 2.7 15.0 15.1 2.5 2.5 15.2 (1) 60.9 60.9 59.3 11.5 11.7 12.2 (D 3.1 3.4 3.4 31.5 31.6 30.8 (D 13.0 13. 1 13.3 70.2 69.8 67.3 (1) (*) 4,497.3 3,635.9 3,219.0 92.5 409.4 77.0 26 1.2 115.4 328.4 (1) (D (D (D 9.2 4.3 6.5 9.6 34.0 37.7 5.7 2.9 1.9 6.2 3.0 1.9 32.0 12.5 35.4 15.2 34.7 15.1 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities MOV. 1977 2.1 82.0 6.1 9.6 4.4 3.5 4.4 3.0 4.1 95.2 6.6 61.4 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 2.0 2.0 8 2.9 83.6 6. 1 6.1 9.8 4.5 3.4 4.6 3.1 4.1 97.1 7.4 62.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate Wholesalt and retail trade 9.9 4.5 3.4 4.5 3.1 4.2 98.9 7.0 63.9 OCT. 1977 1978 NOV. 1978P 8.9 347.4 38.3 57.1 10.0 19.8 34.2 11.2 18.3 8.9 344.2 39.9 57.5 10.5 20.3 34.9 11.6 18.0 350.3 40.3 58.3 10.7 20.6 35.5 11.7 18.5 420.9 16.3 251.0 432.7 16.8 254.5 437.0 16.6 258.6 31.5 10.3 31.5 10.3 97.6 39.9 97.3 39.9 1.9 1.9 9.2 1977 1 .1 81 .9 5.5 2.1 62.2 65.2 65.6 72.3 15.7 10.2 72.2 15.7 10.2 346.2 118.7 6.2 190.3 16.2 342.2 117.7 6.2 189.9 16.2 328.8 89.4 329.8 87.5 332.4 87.8 15 5.6 5.7 5.6 138.0 10.7 137.5 11.2 138.9 11.3 18 71.6 8. 1 69.2 70.6 20 6.2 7.8 6.2 7.8 6.2 21 22 22.8 22.9 126.9 28.2 42.9 23 24 22.2 125.4 27.9 42.7 14.5 14.6 7.6 5.5 131.0 80.4 33.1 147.1 86.0 42.0 146.8 86.2 41.6 51.3 23.0 14.3 53.3 24.2 14.7 53.5 24.2 14.8 26 27 28 18.2 5.5 1.8 63. 1 11.8 69.9 12.8 67.4 12.9 8.3 54.5 56.8 57.3 29 8.0 5.1 8.6 5.0 8.8 5.1 30 31 (*) (*) (*) (*) <*) 32 33 34 35 83.0 19.8 11.1 16.7 18.0 5.0 5.5 1.8 651.4 17.4 81.9 113.2 46.0 37.5 60.5 176.0 42.8 24.0 659.1 18.6 84.8 113.1 47.0 39.1 62.4 177.2 42.6 25.2 1 .9 1 .7 144.6 150.8 <*) 4.3 4.5 (•) 14.7 14.1 15.5 14.5 (•) 8.8 6.8 8.4 8.9 7.0 8.5 61 .5 64.2 9.1 6.4 9.4 6.7 3.2 (•) (*) (*) (*) (*) 3. 1 18.6 9.5 20.0 10.2 <*) (•) (*) 20.0 10.1 7.7 8.3 525.8 14.5 59.9 65.9 28.5 34.2 35.4 173.8 28.3 38.4 544.4 19.2 60.9 69.1 28.6 35.1 36.9 183.4 29.0 38.7 8.1 8.1 81.5 37.9 88.7 39.8 (•) (*) (•) (*) <•) (•) (•) (•) (•) (•) (*) 88.4 39.8 501.3 14.0 57.7 42.5 42.9 33.5 47.0 150.3 27.2 44.5 1 1.7 508.4 14.5 58.9 42.6 43.4 32.9 45.5 152.5 29.3 46.5 12. 8 113.1 39. 1 118.3 40.7 (•) (•) (•) (*) (*) <*) 119.1 40.5 4 26.8 1,453.6 1,462.6 1,476.9 577.7 584.4 584.2 1,496.6 1,523.1 1,522.7 1,272.6 1,287.5 1,297.9 94. 1 93.4 66.7 91.2 66.1 62.0 65.1 14 .4 14.6 62.6 14.6 62.4 14.6 3.7 22.9 22.6 22.9 22.2 21.9 15.7 21.3 3.6 4.6 3.7 15.4 15.6 89.4 89.1 114.2 86.6 112.9 93.7 113.8 21.4 91.5 93.7 26. 1 22.0 22.0 6.9 7.1 6.9 8.3 6.4 1.0 8.6 6.4 1 .0 6.3 8.6 1.4 no 40.2 39.3 62.9 39.4 62.0 62.9 61.4 14.3 62.7 62.2 14.7 14.7 10.0 181.6 179.1 175.3 230.1 175.9 224.8 178.6 45.5 46.3 46.5 229.2 35.5 172.5 (*) ( • ) 1,379.0 1,412.8 <•) 580.5 588.0 ( * ) 1,055.7 1,068.2 (*) 1,389.0 1,389.1 760.0 754.8 957.2 478.6 482.6 482.8 1,048.0 1,066.5 1,067.8 745.7 946.9 950.4 312.4 578.4 575.7 727. 1 433.1 436.2 436.3 570.3 717.6 892.1 725.6 888.0 276.8 875.7 501.2 499.5 494.1 628.3 414 .2 416.9 417.0 620.0 795.7 791.4 629.9 780.9 255.0 22.4 22.3 15.6 21.0 2.4 15.3 2.4 15.4 15.7 15.6 2.5 15.2 2.7 60.5 59.5 79.8 59.9 78.8 73.3 78.0 15.8 72.3 73.3 16.3 16.2 13.0 20.3 20.3 20.6 2 .2 16. 1 2.2 16.5 16.4 16.5 2.2 16.1 16.5 3.5 49.8 48.6 47.7 49.8 57.9 57.7 51.8 14.8 51.6 15.0 56.9 15.0 14.4 29.5 29.2 29.5 20.0 19.3 22.0 5.3 20.3 5.4 5.4 21.8 21.1 4.0 4.0 53.6 53. 1 79.3 53.1 78.1 11.9 16 .3 16.7 76.6 78.0 16.7 76.5 17.6 17.7 16 17 127.5 27.6 45.0 82.6 19.3 11.0 427.7 426.5 15.0 14.6 4.7 4.6 27.7 28. 1 1.4 1.4 10.0 10.3 35.5 35.2 453.5 453.7 314.4 311.6 279.3 276.1 257.5 254.3 2.9 2.8 13.1 13.1 3.6 3.5 14.4 14.3 12 104.9 15.5 53.3 76.7 18.0 10*1 4,0 13 14 105.6 15.4 53.7 13.1 4.2 1.8 17.5 173.0 28.6 101.6 15.3 53.2 13.1 106.5 47.5 173. 1 28.5 6.9 12.5 4.1 105.6 46.8 163.2 28.4 39.6 5.0 98.4 43.9 117.0 26.1 117.4 26.1 6.8 7.5 5.4 27.5 10.8 10 11 39.2 13.3 7.0 27.5 10.7 297.3 11.7 151.4 6.7 71.2 40.2 21.6 9.5 292.6 11.7 148.7 38.4 70.3 39.7 21.4 2S.6 293.7 11.9 151. 1 51.5 9.4 6.7 63.5 35.5 19.7 9.4 336.6 12.2 214.2 6 7 52.1 9.4 6.6 20.9 11.6 6.8 8.6 8 9 8.9 6.2 20.7 11.5 6.6 (•) (*) (•) 5 49.0 18.9 10.6 5.9 <•) (*) (•) (*) (*) 8.5 22.3 69.2 10.8 13.2 2.2 2.0 159.3 22.1 66.0 6.8 5.4 3.0 8.6 22.1 68.2 10.8 13. 1 12.3 157.8 21.9 65.6 6.7 5.4 3.0 8.8 22. 1 66.9 10.6 12.3 2.1 2.0 155.7 20.9 64.9 17.5 67.9 3 4 1 2 12.3 44.7 7.0 23.0 6.0 5.4 264.3 27.7 30.8 2.1 44.8 7.1 23. 1 (*) (*) (*) 5.4 259.8 27.7 30.7 11.4 42,3 6.5 22.2 14.9 18.1 29.2 6. 1 18.0 70.0 5.0 256.1 28.0 30.5 184. 1 15.6 1.9 14.9 18.5 28.5 NOV. 1978P 3.1 68.1 14.8 9.8 (*> (•) 6.3 OCT. 1978 50.9 22.7 (•) 8.6 NOV. 1977 50.9 3. 1 3.0 22.7 4.3 1.9 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 338. 1 114.9 89.2 2.1 1 .7 20.5 4*0 1.8 3.5 109.5 25.5 88.8 2.1 8.5 95.7 38.8 1 .8 49 .8 3.4 338.4 12.3 214.0 84 .4 1 .5 3 .5 459.6 154.4 182.8 19 4. 1 319.7 11.8 202.9 5.9 8.8 1.6 3.8 9.1 1.8 4.0 457.8 153.3 8.3 210.2 22.9 1.7 11.9 3.8 5.6 8.8 1.6 3.8 9.0 1.8 3.9 8.5 449.2 154.3 8.9 211.3 22.1 4.2 1.8 9.4 18.2 25.1 8.8 12.9 6.3 331.1 28.5 44.7 130.9 134.0 134.1 52. 1 51.3 52.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 69.0 65.8 68.9 5.6 5.8 5.8 4.4 9.2 17.6 24.3 6.4 329.0 28.7 44.3 9.5 18.4 25.3 8.5 12.9 6.0 312.7 26.8 43.5 159.6 34. 1 212.5 23.1 NOV. 1978P 1.2 158.1 33.6 8.7 OCT. 1978 84.2 8.2 38.4 NOV. 1977 1.2 30.4 10.0 38.8 8.2 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 84.0 153.4 31.4 37.3 8.2 Services NOV. NOV. Government 19 25 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 103 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 3-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued In thousands) Tottl State and »rea 1 2 3 4 5 43 .. RHODE ISLAND Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston—North Charleston . . . Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg 50 (D (D (D (D (D d) <D 235.9 63.1 3.5 (2) 4.0 (2) 3.9 (2) 4,417.6 268.0 155.3 593.6 913.5 495.4 362.9 312.3 215.7 30.5 .4 .9 .5 1.5 .8 .4 .6 .3 30.9 .4 1.0 .5 1.6 .9 .4 .7 .3 31.2 .4 1.0 .5 1.6 .9 .4 .7 .3 1,041.4 1,042.2 375.0 375.4 267.3 268.5 50.5 11.9 16. 1 54.4 13.9 16.6 54.8 14.0 16.7 50.8 18.7 14.1 1,016.3 101.9 1,012.5 101.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 (D (D (D 499.7 83.3 Eugene-Springfield Jackson County . . . Portland Salem Rapid City '.4. Sioux Falls ! 4 <U (D d) (D 528.8 87.6 529.5 84.3 (D (D (D (D d) (D 4,660.1 4,684.5 266.6 266, 52.0 52. 1 , 5 4 9 . 5 1,561.4 115.9 116, 210.6 211. 87.6 86. 147.2 146. 232.5 232. 1,868.5 1,882.8 812.3 807. 934.8 928. 138, 139.5 82.9 82. 122.4 121. 48.6 48. 148.3 150, 49.0 47.2 406.4 419.0 408.8 422.3 (1) (1) (D (D (D d) 13.1 13.2 1, 101.1 1,127.8 132.8 135.0 167.5 171.9 246.6 250.8 1, 129.0 134.8 173.2 251.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 236.8 28.9 53.3 237.3 63.2 4,630. 262. 52, 1,541, 112. 206. 87. 144 . 233. 1,846, 802, 917. 135, 83. 124. 47, 143, 389.6 400 .5 230.8 27.5 51.6 236.2 29.2 53.5 1,716.6 1,726. 1 164.6 163.6 189.5 188.3 348.8 349.8 345.0 (*) TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville-Davidson . 1,676.8 162.8 185.9 343.9 332.7 TEXAS Amarillo Austin B .-aumont—Port Arthur—Orange Corpus Christi Dallas-Fort Worth El Paso Galveston-Texas City 4,971 .7 5, 180.0 5,204.8 72.0 69 .8 72.2 217.4 204.7 216.0 143.7 143.9 144.0 104.5 107.9 107 1 , 2 0 5 . 1 1,261.8 1,265.4 140.5 146.2 144.8 69.1 72.5 72.6 See footnotes at end of table. 104 Manufacturing 47.6 OCT. 1978 4 , 3 0 5 . 5 4,407. 267. 263.4 154. 151 . 9 593. 57 3 . 2 911. 893.9 491. 482 .0 361. 352.1 310, 300.4 215, 212.4 OKLAHOMA . . . Oklahoma City Tulsa 48 SOUTH DAKOTA 4.7 227.1 60.6 OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren 25 PENNSYLVANIA 26 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 27 Altoona , 28 Delaware Valley ! ° 29 Erie 30 Harrisburg 31 Johnstown 32 Lancaster 33 Northeast Pennsylvania 34 Philadelphia SMSA 35 Philadelphia City .'.' 36 Pittsburgh 37 Reading 38 Scranton \2. 39 Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton '.3. 40 Williamsport 41 York 2, 1 7 7 - 5 2 , 2 3 8 . 7 2 , 2 4 5 . 0 68.3 65.6 68.6 305.1 303.2 297.7 36 7.8 366.2 359.7 244.6 243.4 234.9 556.9 99.7 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-Moorhead 20 21 22 23 24 MOT. 1977 998 .4 346.6 260.4 | NORTH CAROLINA . Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Pt Raleigh-Durham 18 19 Construction NOV. 1978P NOV. 19 77 (D (D (D (D (D OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 5.2 (1) (D (1) d) (1) (D 9.0 9.4 (D (D 1.5 1.4 (D (D 12.0 (D (D (1) 11.4 1.3 1.2 (D (D (D (D d) (D (D 5.2 NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 113.1 3.4 14.9 15. 1 12.2 792.5 20.9 85.7 143.3 37.2 808.4 21.8 85.5 143.9 38.6 808.6 21.9 86.1 144.2 38.8 19.4 5.0 15.6 5.2 16.7 5.2 16.2 5.1 174.0 191.3 185.9 8.7 9.1 8.2 6.9 7.0 6. 1 27.7 28.2 25.7 33.0 31.4 33.7 21.7 20. 1 22.2 15.5 13.8 15.9 12.8 12.0 13. 1 8.9 7.9 9.2 1,362.6 85.6 56.1 164.9 275.4 101.0 111.2 89.8 82.4 57.7 25.0 15.3 56. 1 24.7 15.0 166.2 45.2 54.6 171.4 48.6 55.6 172.4 49.1 56.1 43.9 5.7 53.0 5.5 52.2 5.3 23.0 5.3 28.4 5.6 27.8 5.3 210.7 20.2 7.9 102.0 14.5 225.1 20.6 7.9 108.2 16.0 220.6 20.4 7.4 106.9 13.4 HOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 105.7 113.1 3. 1 3.4 14.7 14.8 15.4 15.4 11.4 12.4 17.9 4.7 20.5 5.3 1,381.5 1,387.0 83.9 84.0 56.5 56.4 170.9 170.3 281.1 280.5 101.7 101.0 111.6 110.7 92.1 91.9 80.9 81.0 194.0 203.1 195.7 9.4 10.3 9.8 2.2 (1) 2.4 2.7 (D 54.6 5 7 . 5 5 6 . 0 4.4 4.3 3.5 0) 9.7 8.6 10.3 (1) 2.6 3.8 2.7 9.5 8.0 6.9 7.8 (D 10.0 13.4 10.1 1.4 (D 6 5 . 8 70.2 68.7 (D 1 6 . 5 18.1 17.3 47.2 49.4 50.6 11.6 5. 1 5.5 5. 5 (D 2.8 2.0 2.1 (D 9.5 6.9 7.0 1.2 1.8 2.1 2. 1 (D 6.4 6.6 6.8 (D 1,343.7 106.8 12.9 14.9 15.1 15.0 15.2 132.2 149.6 139.0 155.9 138.9 155.9 72.4 9.6 8.3 16.9 72.0 9.3 8.4 385.6 18.3 25.0 101.6 24.1 2.7 7.1 387.7 18.8 25.8 102.5 388.3 18.7 25.9 102.9 24.7 2.7 7.1 25.1 2.7 7.2 (D 382.9 43.6 40.1 19,5 58.5 69.7 450.4 156.5 243.3 52.4 26.0 39.1 18.0 60.7 1 , 3 6 7 . 5 1,371.4 108.4 108.2 12.9 12.9 385.3 382.2 45.1 45.2 41.4 41.7 19.2 18.9 59.1 58.9 70.0 70.6 456.8 453.0 155.7 155.4 250.8 248.7 54.4 53.0 27.0 27. 1 38.3 38.4 18.2 18.2 63.1 65.2 d) (D (D (D (D (D 68.8 10.7 8.2 14.9 2.7 (2) (2) 2.6 (2) (2) 2.6 (2) (2) 13.8 2.7 3.4 14.3 3.2 4.0 13.9 2.9 3.9 9.4 1. 1 1.6 .1 8.4 1.2 1.6 .2 8.8 1.2 1.6 .2 (*) 80.2 5.9 11.9 14.7 17.4 90.8 5.8 11.6 13.6 21.3 91.2 5.9 11.5 13.7 <*) 521.0 55.8 52.3 61.6 82.1 526.1 54.8 52.1 63.8 83.0 528.8 55.0 53.3 63.3 (*) 173.4 347.3 364.1 364.9 4.7 O) 5.5 5.6 13 (1) 11.6 13.3 d) 16.2 15.0 15.2 11.6 9.5 11.5 4.3 60 55.7 61.0 16.6 8.6 8.2 8.4 (D 5.S 5.0 5.9 (D 916.8 8.7 958.9 9.1 26.3 41.6 13.3 285.7 29.5 12.0 963.2 9.1 26.4 41.7 13.2 287.0 30.1 12.0 (D (D (D (D (D 160.3 172.6 (D (D (D (D (D (D 4.2 14.2 (D (D 4.3 16.5 d) (1) 16.2 23.6 41.3 13.0 270.8 28.1 11.8 LSrAbLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued (In thousands) Transportation and F inane*, insurance, and real astata Wholesale and ratail trade public utilities OCT. HO?. 1978 1978P 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 298.0 11.1 43.9 50.4 48.9 312.6 11.3 46.3 52.7 51.4 311.3 10.9 45.7 52.6 51.6 363.7 11.5 36.5 42.2 65.7 369.8 12. 1 37.9 42.9 67.4 373.2 11.9 38.2 43.3 67.3 2 3 4 3.7 42.8 12.4 44.9 12.7 44.7 12.8 59.2 12.0 59.6 12.2 59.8 12.3 6 7 962.2 61.3 33.5 135.8 209.1 118.3 75.2 70.1 45.9 970.2 185.5 192.8 193.2 9.1 9.4 62.1 9.3 5.7 5.9 33.9 5.9 137.0 2 9 . 9 30.2 30.2 45.8 45.7 210.9 4 5 . 4 33.6 33.9 121.0 3 1 . 8 76.4 12.0 12.7 12.6 10.0 70.8 10.5 10.6 7.0 6.9 6.9 46.3 735.4 45.1 25.1 104.5 167.5 90.9 64.0 54.2 34.0 771.9 47.7 26.2 112.5 177.4 94.8 67.2 57.7 35.6 766.5 46.8 26.1 110.6 177.3 94.4 67.2 57.5 35.5 650.8 41.6 17.7 80.7 119. 1 96.6 64.5 45.7 25.7 646.8 41.4 17.0 81.9 115. 1 95.3 65.7 45.7 26.0 652.8 42.1 17.3 82.2 115.6 96.6 65.9 46.5 26.4 8 g OCT. 1978 N07. 1978P MOV. 1977 1977 OCT. SOV. 1978 1978P 423.0 13.4 71.1 72.0 47.3 435.2 14.2 72.2 73.5 48.0 439.5 14.3 73.6 74.9 49.1 84.4 84.4 84.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 18.6 16.2 13.7 18.7 16.6 13.9 18.7 16.5 13.9 63.9 19.1 65.7 20.2 65.9 20.3 10.1 10.7 10.8 3.5 3.7 224.2 230.4 230.9 14.7 14.7 14.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 34.4 32.8 34.3 48.4 47.4 48.3 25.1 23.6 25.2 13.4 12.6 13.5 20.1 21.3 21.5 10.5 10.1 10.4 942.6 58.9 32.6 134.2 206.3 117.1 73.6 68.1 45.2 NOV. 1977 105.5 110.0 109.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 27.9 27.2 27.8 20.2 21.2 21.2 10.7 11.7 11.7 14.. 1 3.7 15.2 15.2 3.9 3.9 NOV. Qov#rnni#nt Services NOV. 1 5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 59.7 20.6 19.6 60.9 21.4 19.9 61.4 21.4 19.9 237.7 86.6 64.1 245.1 89.7 63.9 247.2 91.2 64.4 49.5 21 .7 13.3 51.3 23.1 13.8 51.4 23.1 14.0 163.0 57.3 50.7 173.8 63.3 53.8 173.5 63.7 53.9 221.0 84.6 27.9 226.8 90.0 28.4 225.4 88.2 28.5 18 19 54.6 58.5 5. 1 58.6 5. 1 231.8 24.5 243.5 24.6 244.2 24.6 58.5 63.0 62.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 165.2 17.7 175.1 18.2 174.3 17.9 190.2 21.9 196.0 23.1 197.6 23.7 20 21 32.7 34.7 34.8 136.7 1.7.8 40.2 3.3 135.0 17.8 40.3 3.3 129.2 16.9 38.3 3.1 4.9 5.1 5.1 96.0 12.8 102.5 13.1 102.1 13.0 78.5 25.8 79.7 26.7 81.0 26.4 22 23 24 954.2 45.9 11.6 330.5 21.7 40.8 16.5 946.8 46.9 11.4 327.5 22.1 41.3 16.1 964.0 2 2 0 . 0 227.1 228.2 8.1 8.1 7.9 47.4 1.4 1.4 11.4 1.4 334.5 9 9 . 7 101.4 101.7 4.7 4.5 22.3 4.5 41.4 12.2 11.6 12.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 16.3 879.0 40.3 903.6 41.3 900.2 41.3 731.1 38.1 703.6 38.4 715.9 38.5 7.8 8.1 8.1 7.5 7.8 7.9 351.7 19.8 35.2 15.3 367.8 19.8 35.5 15.3 368.4 19.9 35.2 15.5 240.3 14.5 55, 1 14.2 230.9 14.4 55.6 15.1 233.0 14.3 55.7 15.1 "7 o i *7 Jit / 3 1 1 jiii o o c. o o /i ZZ • 4 1/1 a 14. b 49.4 412.6 159.5 202.0 25.3 19.2 25.6 40.. 1 430.2 211.0 187.6 22.4 16.2 17.4 37.7 297.6 147.7 126.0 19.4 11.2 20.0 38.4 290.4 141.9 125.7 20.2 10.7 20.3 38.8 292.8 142.5 127.8 19.6 10.9 20.6 30.2 49.0 411.7 160.4 204.2 25.3 18.3 25.9 10.2 31.1 4.9 259.9 261.2 261.5 13.5 12.9 13.5 8.2 8.2 8.1 81.8 82.2 82.5 5.3 5.4 5.5 15.1 14.9 5.6 14.9 5.6 5.6 O• J C Q C o • / 12.2 97.2 55.2 57.2 o. o 12.9 97.0 54.9 56.6 12.9 97.2 55. 1 56.5 6.4 4.2 6.1 2,3 6.5 6.5 4.5 6.5 2.4 6.7 6.5 4.6 6.5 2.4 6.6 13.4 13.3 13.7 13.6 13.6 13.5 79.3 78.9 81.2 81.7 83.1 84.4 19.4 19.3 20.1 20.6 45,. 6 44.2 9.3 50.0 9.3 8.8 9.2 419.5 113.8 117.1 117.6 163.6 6 5 . 9 67.0 67.1 208.1 41 .9 42.9 43.0 5.2 5.6 5.6 25.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 18.8 4.7 26.5 5.0 5.0 2.0 1 .8 2.0 10.2 31.7 3.8 3.6 3.9 49.9 49.6 8.5 9.0 9.8 8.6 9.0 9.9 204.0 28.6 35.7 46.9 209. 1 28.5 35.9 47.4 211.0 28.8 36.9 48.0 41 .5 7.4 8.5 9.6 13.2 13.5 13.8 63.0 63.8 1.8 4.6 1.9 5.0 1.9 5.1 7.9 8.3 15.8 15.2 15.3 78.6 82.2 82.4 6.3 7.6 6.2 6.2 7.7 360.1 29.9 38.1 92.2 74.2 370.3 29.8 38.3 91.5 77.8 375.2 30.1 38.4 92.8 23.9 17.7 7.7 25. 1 18.6 25.2 (*) 201.2 188.1 21.7 16.5 17.8 40.5 429.1 209.4 188.3 22.4 16.2 17.5 1/1 " 7 tH • I 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 7.8 7.8 7.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 19.3 19.5 19.5 17. 1 17. 1 17.0 20.2 20.7 72.8 69.9 77.6 75.2 77.3 74.9 59.4 56.3 59.9 56.S 60.7 57.7 42 43 44.2 44 45 5.6 5.9 5.9 12.3 13.3 8.8 9.1 13.3 9. 1 133.5 19.8 25.1 32.2 139.7 20.4 26.2 33.0 138.4 20.5 25.9 33.1 220.3 42.4 52.7 32.6 222.9 43.3 53.4 32. 1 223.6 43.0 53.8 32.2 64.4 10.3 11.1 10.9 46.9 4 8.9 48.9 56.8 57.3 57.2 8.3 1.3 3.2 1.4 3.2 1.3 2.9 5.6 6.2 6.2 5.5 5.6 6.7 70.3 71.2 70.9 8.3 6.8 8.6 7.0 8.7 7.0 18.6 19.8 18.7 20.1 18.7 (*) 25 40 41 (•) 313.7 331.9 331.9 1,222.8 1,259.9 1 f 273.4 2 7 7 . 0 290.2 290.2 6.7 3.5 21.2 3.6 3.6 21.2 20.9 6.9 6.9 12.7 1 1 .7 12.7 44.8 42.7 44.1 6.8 6.5 6.8 5.4 5.4 5.2 29.4 29.7 29.4 11.2 10.7 11.3 5.4 25.7 25.4 25.6 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.6 95. 1 95.3 336. 1 9 0 . 6 323.3 332.8 79.5 8 5 . 1 85.0 6.8 7.2 9.2 7.2 36.6 36.1 36.1 9.3 9.2 4.9 4.6 4.9 13.3 12.7 13.3 7.2 6.9 7.3 ZZ» J 40.3 408.8 1/1 O 14 • O 17 11.1 12.2 12.2 6.a 5.5 6.8 255.6 25.7 27.7 66.8 60.3 258.5 25.9 27.9 68.1 60.8 257.7 26.0 27.8 67.6 301.6 29.8 39.9 66.0 61.2 309.1 31.3 42.1 67.8 63.4 311.1 31.5 42.2 68.3 856.2 13.3 34.2 22.0 17.3 207.3 24.1 10.2 885.1 13.3 35.2 22.4 17.6 220.3 25.0 10.9 886.5 13.3 35.3 22.1 17.6 219.2 24.9 10.8 877.6 12.0 74. 4 18.6 23.5 163.7 27.9 17.9 S17.3 12.5 77.6 18.9 23.6 165.3 29.4 18.3 921.3 12.4 78.1 18.9 23.7 165.5 29.6 18.4 (*) (*) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 105 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued (In thousands) Total NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 1 , 1 9 7 . 8 1 , 255. 8 1, 2 6 0 . 3 88. 2 87. 9 85.7 357. 8 357. 0 344.8 66. 7 66. 7 65.0 49. 3 49. 2 48.4 51.2 53.2 NOV. 1977 1 2 3 4 5 TEXAS—Continued Houston . . Lubbock San Antonio Waco . Wichita Falls OCT. 1978 (1) (1) 1.8 (1) 1.8 (1) 2.6 2.5 Manufacturing Construction . - , OCT. NOV. 1976 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 3 140.4 140.8 5.5 5.6 0 24.2 0 24.4 3.7 3.9 2 2.5 5 2.6 195.8 14.2 43.1 15.9 205.2 13.5 45.5 16.0 8.5 9.0 205.8 13.4 45.4 16.0 NOV. 1977 53. 1 129. 5. (D 1.7 22. 3. (1) 2.6 2. 9.1 508.8 361 .6 544. 385. 3 548. 3 388. 5 15.9 6.8 16.3 7.1 16.5 7. 1 34. 1 23. 4 39.0 26.7 38.4 26.2 77.3 51.7 81.8 54.3 82.1 54.8 179.0 47.7 13.3 IPS. fl 187. 0 51. 1 13. 8 .7 .7 .7 9. 0 9.5 9. 1 44.7 11.0 5.6 48.5 12.6 6.0 48.3 12.7 11 VIRGINIA 1, 9 5 4 . 4 25.1 Bristol 12 64.7 Lynch burg 13 136.4 Newport News—Hampton 14 260.9 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth 15 381 .3 Northern Virginia ??, 16 44.8 Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell 17 303.0 Richmond 18 99.9 Roanoke 19 037. 9 ,040. 8 26. 3 66. 0 139. 6 269. 3 401. 0 45. 1 314. 5 102. 8 22.7 407.7 413.0 412.5 8.5 9.3 9.3 28.4 35.3 28.0 14.4 12.6 53.0 21.5 28.7 32.9 29.0 15.2 12.2 54.5 21.7 28.7 32.8 28.5 15.2 12.3 54.5 21.6 258.2 115.6 15.7 21.1 298.T 150.7 16.5 21.1 (*) <*) 124.8 19.4 27.5 15.8 14.1 126.7 19.3 28.4 16.9 13.9 126.5 19.3 28.3 16.9 13.9 542.4 44.5 562.2 47.2 562.6 47.1 g UTAH ' 7 4 Salt Lake City-Ogden 14 g VERMONT Burlington . .5 Springfield -1.5 10 9 20 WASHINGTON Seattle-Everett 21 Spokane 22 Tacoma 23 I? 24 WEST VIRGINIA Charleston 25 Huntington—Ashland 26 Parkersburg-Marietta 27 Wheeling 29 WISCONSIN 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Appleton—Oshkosh . . . . Eau Claire Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine . . . . 38 WYOMING 39 40 Casper Cheyenne 1 . 1 14. 1 66. 0 140.4 269. 8 398. 3 44. 8 312. 8 102. 7 1 . 37 3 . 4 1 , 491. 6 712. 7 634.2 114.5 120. 2 132. 2 126 .2 (•) (*) (1) (1) (1) 106 O) .4 (1) (t) .4 (D (D .4 .4 2.2 (1) 2 2 . 8 117. 1 128.0 125.5 1. 0 1.2 1.3 (1) 3.4 3. 1 3.5 (1) 6.8 5. 8 6.9 (1) (D 15. 6 18.3 18.2 27.2 2 5 . 4 27.4 .4 2.1 2.2 2. 4 (1) 18.6 18. 3 18.9 .4 5.6 5.8 .2 5. 6 2.5 (D .2 .2 (D (*) (*) (•) (D (D (*) (•) (1) (1) (*) 639.7 108. 9 101. 2 54, 9 66. 6 75.3 6.6 1.0 .5 7.3 73.6 6.7 1.0 .5 7.1 75.6 1 ,925. 7 1 r 836 .7 1 r 924. 119. 1 119. 0 113.1 42. 4 42. 1 41.7 73 3 71 .3 74. 0 43 .1 40.7 43. 1 4 1 .9 42. 0 40.3 155 . 9 156. 6 154.7 652 .8 630.8 649. 4 68 .8 68. 8 67.2 2.5 (1) 2.7 (1) (1) 2.6 (1) 626.4 108.9 99,3 52.8 65.4 171 . 7 31 .4 24.5 637. 6 108. 6 100. 4 54. 3 66. 4 188. 9 35. 5 27. 3 188. 1 36 4 27 . 1 P) (D (1) (1) 6.8 1.0 .5 7.2 (D (D (D (1) (1) (1) (D (D (D (D (1) (1) (1) (D (1) (1) 26.7 30.0 7.2 30.3 7.8 6.0 (D Combined with services. Combined with construction. 3 Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area. 4 Revised to 1977 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data, s Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. 6 Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. 7 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 8 Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's. 9 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 10 Subarea of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties. Pennsylvania. 1 > Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Philadelphia County. 12 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lack2 22.9 (1) - (D (D 79. 34. 6. 6. 3 1 7 8 93. 1 43.8 (*) <*) 8.3 (*) 38. 7. 6. 2. 3. 7 44.0 42.3 5 4 7.7 6.2 7.5 6.5 9 4 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.9 8 2 . 4 100.2 5. 0 5.9 1.6 1. 8 3. 6 3.8 1. 2 1.4 2.1 1. 9 7.9 7, 9 23, 6 26.4 2. 5 2.8 96.2 20.3 4. 1 20.2 17. 6 3. 1 1. 7 7.7 <*) 5.8 1.6 3.7 1.3 2.2 7.4 26.1 2.7 2.0 awanna County. 13 Subarea of zerne County. 14 Revised to 1 1s Total includes d. 16 Subarea of Wihinptan, O.-Q, I Fairfax, Falls Church, MnniMi HI. aoat M M and Prince William Counties, Virginia. 4.0 2.0 8.7 20.8 16. 1 10.1 18.4 203.2 28.5 9.4 1.7 1.6 8.5 21.3 18.0 10.5 18.1 209.5 29.7 9.9 1.8 1.6 6.0 (*) (•) 8.4 21.1 18.0 10.5 17.8 211.3 29.8 9.3 1.8 1.6 Standard,Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lu- aratrty. , and Arlington, 'Fairfax, Locrttoun, 17 Revised to December, tS77 J published data. p=preliminary. * Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued (In thousands) Transportation and Finance, insurance, Wholesale and retail trade public utilities 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 310.8 27.0 87.7 15.6 12.4 313.4 27.4 88.5 15.7 12.4 70.4 76.7 4.0 4.2 23.2 24.5 3.2 2.5 297.2 26.4 86.4 15.2 12.4 3.6 3.8 2.3 3.8 2.3 33.2 26.3 33.2 26.4 123.7 92.6 131.8 98.2 135.0 100.9 23.0 18.9 24.9 20.2 8.8 2.2 .8 8.8 2.1 .8 37.6 10.2 39.7 10.8 39.7 11.1 2.1 2.3 7.1 - 7.3 - 110.3 110.9 .9 .8 .8 2.3 2.5 2.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 17.2 17.0 17.4 27.6 26.4 27.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 18.9 18.7 18.3 10.1 10.1 9.9 412.8 426.1 6.2 6.0 10.9 24.7 64.7 92.4 10.8 26.0 65.4 96.4 8.2 8.1 8.3 70.6 24.0 70.6 24.8 72.3 25.3 78.3 44.7 85.7 47.8 7.5 5.8 8.1 6.4 (*) (*) (*) (*) 341.8 161.3 31 .8 30.1 368.2 174.4 33.6 31.6 41.3 41.6 42.0 2.5 3.7 9.3 9.4 2.4 3.7 126.6 24.4 21.1 11.6 15.3 128.5 24.8 21.6 11.7 15.5 19 .9 9.2 125.3 24.7 20.8 11.5 14.5 87.4 4. 1 91.0 4. 1 90.4 4. 1 2.4 4.4 1.6 2.2 5.4 2.4 4.5 1.6 421.0 23.2 10.4 16.8 32.4 2.7 33.5 33.5 2.4 2.5 442.9 24.3 11.0 18.0 8. 1 11.5 35.2 142.5 12.8 446.4 24.5 11.0 17.7 5.4 2.5 4.5 1.5 2.2 5.4 13.3 14.3 14.4 42.0 2.2 3.4 2.3 3.7 2.4 3.7 42.9 10.3 NOV. 1977 OCT. NOV. 1978 1978P 87.6 U.7 15.1 93.1 3.2 2.5 92.9 4.8 16.2 3.2 2.5 30. 1 23.8 8.U 2.0 .8 4.8 16.2 107.7 9.0 9.5 2.4 3.6 9. 3 2. 1 NOV. 7.9 10.7 34.1 138.5 12.3 37.9 8. 1 5.9 9.8 6.5 2.2 430.9 6. 1 11.0 26.2 65.9 97.9 (*) (•) <*) (*> 8.2 11.5 35.5 144.5 12.8 6.6 2 .2 NOV. 1978P 230.9 13.8 64.6 13.0 239.2 14.4 • 66.9 13.2 239.7 14.5 66.9 13.4 137.4 18.4 90.0 11.0 10.4 137.6 18.5 90.5 10.9 10.4 2 3 4 5 6 7 85.1 57.5 93.7 63.8 92.9 63.2 119.5 86.8 123.7 88.8 125.1 89.5 7.3 - 39.1 10.1 41.7 10.9 40.1 10.5 32.6 32.7 33.0 327.6 3. 1 .9 2.9 4.4 13.3 12.9 25.3 23.9 1. 1 1 .1 23.4 23.1 13.2 25.3 - - 2.6 2.5 344.7 467.5 496.6 499.4 8.7 3.1 8.8 3.1 8.7 4.6 8.3 4.8 9.0 4.9 9.0 24.1 44.8 88.2 26.3 46.2 93.5 25.2 46.0 94.2 39.0 80.2 112.7 14.6 74.2 16.2 1.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 23.4 5.8 5.8 50.7 17.6 52.1 18.1 51.6 17.9 83.9 49. 1 <*) (*) (*) (*) 250.2 121.4 25.6 25.8 274.0 134.4 27.5 28.6 (*) (*) (*) (*) 286. 1 111.5 19.9 30.4 286.1 112.5 18.9 29.7 87.5 18.2 13.7 8. 1 12.3 89.5 18.3 13.9 88.9 18.3 14.0 113.6 18.7 17.0 115.0 18.4 16.9 8.1 8.4 12.5 12.3 9.8 7.6 9.6 7.6 323.3 17.2 342.8 18.1 339.8 17.9 7.9 8.2 8.1 13.3 13.7 13.7 7.2 8.2 7.3 8.5 7.4 8.4 7.9 6.5 20.5 4.7 3.6 1.9 2.4 4.7 3.7 1.9 2.4 80 .4 84.5 4.6 4 .4 1.3 1 .3 84.8 2.4 .8 .9 2.6 .8 .9 4.6 1.3 2.6 .8 .9 10.5 32.3 11.3 33.3 11.3 33.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 5.7 1 .3 1 .4 6.2 1.3 1.4 6.2 1.3 1.4 - 347.2 2.5 37.5 77.9 110.2 14.0 68.6 15.6 20.5 2.4 OCT. 1978 25.1 20.4 .9 2.9 4.5 1 .8 NOV. 1977 7.5 .8 2.8 4.3 4.6 3.6 NOV. 1978P 7.5 94. 1 7.3 6.2 OCT. 1978 7.3 93.8 77.3 45.6 NOV. 1977 135.4 17.6 88.6 10.9 10.4 76.8 4. 1 24.4 91 .3 5.5 Government Services and real estate 297.2 14.7 9. 1 10. 1 297.9 14.9 39.4 80.3 113.2 14.7 74.8 16.3 <*) (*) (*) (*) 115.5 18.2 16.8 9.6 7.7 303.0 15.1 9.0 9.5 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10.0 10.0 32 5.9 6.3 5.9 6.3 5.9 6.3 33 34 52.7 74.3 25.0 124.3 10.1 25.9 130. 1 10.4 25.8 129.8 10.3 53.4 76.4 9. 1 52. 8| 74.2 8.4 8.5 36 37 22.5 24.9 23.9 38.6 41.3 40.9 38 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.5 3.7 4.5 6.6 4.4 4.3 8. 1 8. 1 39 40 3.9| 35 107 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1957 to date Average Year and month Weekly earnings Hourly earnings Weekly hours Weekly earnings Weekly hours Total private1 1957. . . 1958... 1959?.. I960.. . 1961. . . 1962. . . 1963... 1964. . . 1965. . . 1966. . . 1967. . . 1968. . . 1969. . . 1970. . . 1971. . . 1972... 1973. . . 1974. . . 1975. . . 1976. . . 1977. . . 1978P.., 1977: Dec... 1978: Jan . . , Feb.., Mar. . , Apr, . May. . June . . July. . , Aug. . , Sept. . Oct . . . Nov.P. Dec.P. $98.25 96.08 103.68 105.04 106.92 110. 70 114.40 117.74 123. 52 130.24 135.89 142.71 154.80 164.40 172. 14 189. 14 200.98 219. 14 249. 31 273.90 301.20 330. 27 40. 1 $ 2 . 4 5 2.47 38.9 2. 56 40. 5 2.60 40. 4 40. 5 2. 64 2.70 41. 0 2.75 41.6 2.81 41.9 2.92 42. 3 3. 05 42.7 3. 19 42.6 3. 35 42. 6 43. 0 3. 60 42.7 3.85 42. 4 4. 06 42. 6 4.44 42. 4 4.74 5.23 41. 9 5.95 41.9 6.46 42.4 6.94 43.4 7.61 43. 4 36.2 5. 40 289.08 42. 7 35. 1 35. 3 35.8 35.8 35. 7 36.2 36. 3 36.2 36.0 35.9 35.8 36. 0 5.47 5.49 5. 52 5.59 5. 62 5. 65 5.69 5. 71 5.82 5.86 5.87 5. 90 289. 53 297. 30 301. 63 332.23 331. 58 336.05 337.82 338.09 345. 39 348.29 351. 35 352. 59 41. 9 42.9 43. 4 43.6 43.4 43.7 43.2 43.4 43. 5 43.7 43. 7 43.8 38.8 38.5 39. 0 38. 6 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.8 38. 6 38. 0 37.8 37. 7 37. 1 36.9 37. 0 36.9 36.5 36. 1 36. 1 36. 0 35.8 195.48 192. 00 193.80 197. 62 200. 12 200. 63 2 04. 53 206. 55 206. 70 209. 52 210. 37 210. 15 212.40 1 2 Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings $100.27 103.78 108.41 112.67 118.08 122.47 127. 19 132.06 138.38 146.26 154. 95 164.49 181. 54 195.45 211. 67 221. 19 235.89 249.25 266. 08 283.36 295.29 316. 35 37. 0 36.8 37. 0 36.7 36. 9 37.0 37. 3 37.2 37.4 37.6 37.7 37.3 37. 9 37. 3 37.2 36. 5 36.8 36.6 36.4 36.8 36. 5 36.7 $2. 71 2.82 2.93 3. 07 3.20 3. 31 3.41 3. 55 3.70 3.89 4. 11 4.41 4.79 5.24 5.69 6. 06 6.41 6. 81 7. 31 7. 70 8. 09 8.62 6.77 299.27 36. 1 6.91 6.93 6.95 7.62 7.64 7.69 7.82 7. 79 7.94 7.97 8. 04 8.05 275. 22 287.87 304. 92 310.43 312. 68 324. 42 329. 67 330.49 332. 63 336. 55 323. 60 328.99 33.0 34.6 36. 3 37. 0 36.7 37.9 38.2 37.9 37. 5 37.9 36.4 36.8 Wholesale and retail trade $2.04 2. 10 2. 19 2.26 2. 32 2. 39 2.45 2. 53 2. 61 2. 71 2.82 3. 01 3. 19 3. 35 3. 57 3.82 4. 09 4.43 4.83 5.22 5. 67 6. 16 $81. 19 82. 32 88.26 89. 72 92. 34 96.56 99.2 3 102. 97 107. 53 112. 19 114.49 122. 51 129. 51 133. 33 142.44 154. 71 166.46 177. 20 190.79 209. 32 228.50 248.86 39.8 39.2 40. 3 39. 7 39.8 40. 4 40. 5 40.7 41.2 41. 4 40. 6 40. 7 40. 6 39.8 39. 9 40. 5 40. 7 40. 0 39-5 40. 1 40. 3 40.4 8.29 243. 31 41. 1 5. 92 5.67 8. 34 8. 32 8.40 8.39 8. 52 8. 56 8. 63 8. 72 8.87 8.88 8.89 8.94 2 34. 02 236.81 242. 40 243.61 245.23 249-29 248.65 248.86 255. 60 256. 59 260. 53 265.74 39.2 39.6 40. 4 40.4 40. 4 40.8 40. 3 40. 4 40.7 40. 6 40.9 41. 2 5. 97 5. 98 6. 00 6. 03 6. 07 6. 11 6. 17 6. 16 6. 28 6. 32 6. 37 6.45 5. 73 5. 73 5. 75 5.79 5.82 5.85 5.92 5. 90 5.99 6. 04 6.09 6. 16 $67.53 70. 12 72.74 75. 14 77. 12 8 0.94 84.38 85. 79 88.91 92. 13 95.72 101. 75 108.70 112. 67 117.85 122.98 129.20 137.61 148. 19 155. 43 165. 26 178.85 36.7 37. 1 37.3 37.2 36.9 37. 3 37. 5 37. 3 37.2 37. 3 37. 1 37. 0 37. 1 36. 7 36. 6 36. 6 36. 6 36. 5 36. 5 36.4 36.4 36. 5 $ 1.84 1.89 1.95 2. 02 2. 09 2. 17 2.25 2. 30 2.39 2.47 2.58 2. 75 2. 93 3. 07 3.22 3. 36 3. 53 3.77 4. 06 4.27 4. 54 4.90 $70.03 73.60 77.04 80. 38 83.97 90. 57 96. 66 103. 06 110. 8 5 117. 29 126.00 134. 67 143. 52 153.45 163.67 36. 1 35.9 35. 5 35. 1 34.7 34.7 34. 4 33. 9 33. 9 33.8 33. 6 33. 5 33. 3 33. 0 32.8 $ 1 . 94 2. 05 2. 17 2.29 2.42 2. 61 2.81 3. 04 3. 27 3.47 3. 75 4. 02 4. 31 4.65 4.99 fc 118. 78 125. 14 128. 13 130.82 138.85 147.74 155. 93 168.82 187.86 203. 31 217.48 233.44 256. 71 278. 90 301. 60 41. 1 41. 3 41.2 40. 5 40. 6 40. 7 40. 5 40. 1 40. 4 40. 5 40.2 39. 7 39.8 39. 9 40. 0 $2.89 3.03 3. 11 3.23 3.42 3. 63 3.85 4.21 4. 65 5. 02 5.41 5.88 6.45 6.99 7. 54 69.91 72. 01 74. 66 76. 91 79. 39 82. 35 87.00 9 1 . 39 96.02 101.09 106.45 111. 76 119.02 126.45 133. 79 142.19 152.85 293. 06 40.2 7.29 146.29 33.4 4.38 169.99 36.4 4.67 158.40 33.0 4.80 289.20 294.80 294. 33 296. 51 297.26 301. 04 301.20 307. 49 309. 94 309. 57 309- 20 312. 76 39.4 40.0 40. 1 39.8 39.9 40. 3 40.0 40. 3 40.2 40. 1 40. 0 40. 2 7. 34 7. 37 7. 34 7.45 7.45 7.47 7. 53 7. 63 7.71 7. 72 7. 73 7.78 146. 19 146. 64 149. 11 150.42 150. 75 153. 38 157. 04 156. 45 155. 47 156. 31 156.48 158. 07 32.2 32.3 32. 7 32.7 32. 7 33.2 33. 7 33. 5 32.8 32.7 32. 6 33. 0 4. 54 4. 54 4.56 4. 60 4.61 4.62 4.66 4.67 4.74 4. 78 4. 80 4.79 173.26 173.26 172.79 177. 14 176.06 178.49 180.93 179. 71 180. 91 183. 73 182.59 183. 32 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.6 36. 3 36. 5 36.7 36. 6 36.4 36.6 36. 3 36. 3 4.76 4.76 4.76 4.84 4.85 4.89 4.93 4.91 4.97 5. 02 5. 03 5. 05 160.39 160. 56 161. 05 162.36 161. 37 162.69 164. 84 164. 01 165.46 167.42 167. 24 168.22 32.8 32. 7 32.8 32.8 32.6 33. 0 33. 3 33. 2 32. 7 32. 7 32. 6 32. 6 4. 89 4. 91 4. 91 4. 95 4.95 4. 93 4. 95 4. 94 5. 06 5. 12 5. 13 5. 16 66.01 67.41 , , For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B 2. Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. $1. 98 2. 05 2. 12 2. 19 2.25 2. 31 2. 37 2.43 2.50 2. 59 2. 71 2.88 3. 05 3.23 3. 45 3.66 3. 91 4.25 4. 67 5. 02 5. 44 5.90 Finance, insurance, and real estate 38. 7 $ 1. 54 1.60 38.6 1.66 38.8 1. 71 38.6 1.76 38. 3 1.83 38.2 1.89 38. 1 37.9 1. 97 37. 7 2. 04 37. 1 2. 14 36.6 2.25 36. 1 2.41 35. 7 2. 56 35. 3 2. 72 35. 1 2.88 34.9 3. 05 34.6 3.23 34.2 3.48 33. 9 3.73 33.7 3.97 33. 3 4.27 32.8 4.66 $59. 60 61. 76 64.41 , Hourly earnings excl. overtime Manufacturing $1.89 1.95 2.02 2. 09 2. 14 2.22 2. 28 2. 36 2. 46 2. 56 2. 68 2. 85 3. 04 3. 23 3.45 3. 70 3.94 4.24 4. 53 4.86 5.24 5. 68 $73. 33 7 5. 08 78. 78 80. 67 82. 60 8 5.91 88.46 91. 33 95. 45 98.82 101.84 107. 73 114.61 119.83 127. 31 136. 90 145. 39 154.76 163. 53 175. 45 188. 64 203. 34 Weekly earnings Mining Transportation and public utilities 1957 1958 1959? I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977. 1978 P 1977: Dec 1978 : Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma y June July Aug Sept Oct Nov. P DecP Hourly earnings 3Prior to January 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average p = preliminary. hourly earnings. (See Explanatory Note.) 109 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Average hourly earnings Dec. 1978F Nov. 1977 $193.86 $195.48 MINING $210.37 $210. $212.40 317.80 TOTAL PRIVATE 289.08 348.29 351. 352. 59 7. 19 318.37 309.60 311.64 360.29 371.60 367.69 364. 379. 371. 7.67 7.47 7.88 $5.40 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P $5.86 $5.87 $5.90 6. 77 7.97 8. 04 8. 05 7.69 7.74 7. 95 8. 64 8.89 8.86 8.73 8.99 8.92 $5.40 10 101 102 METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores 309. 10 331.67 296.29 11, 12 12 COALMINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING . 374.41 375.29 270.68 269. 10 397. 13 399.33 412. 413. 8.49 8.08 8. 51 8. 13 9.83 9.86 9.87 9.90 13 131,2 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services 293.40 294.54 326.95 323.73 6. 52 6. 56 7. 17 7.21 299.21 290. 78 307.23 289. 54 336. 58 323.74 336. 318. 7.28 6.20 7. 35 6.24 8. 13 6.83 8. 10 6. 87 NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . 269.25 261.76 250. 13 302. 15 302. 10 2 98. 2 94. 51 6. 01 5.82 5.99 5.75 6. 54 6. 32 6. 54 262.48 298.19 299.27 336. 55 323.60 8.26 8.29 8.89 279.00 262.43 243.89 304.08 276.02 263.16 240. 08 298.21 300.82 284.76 259. 19 327. 57 293. 277. 253. 319. 7. 75 7.31 6. 87 8.40 7. 71 7. 31 6.84 8.33 8. 31 8.27 7.87 7. 17 8.92 286.48 271.32 294.57 287.28 262.39 298.21 350.70 348.83 352. 97 324. 301. 336. 7.66 7. 56 6.78 7. 91 8.35 7.91 8.63 8.33 314. 16 328. 19 275.22 365.02 292.56 274.92 247.62 316.48 340.86 278.56 373. 16 285.36 268.60 234.96 349.65 367. 10 312. 02 403.01 32 5.33 305.09 277.70 339. 360. 305. 400. 314. 293. 269. 8.8 0 8.8 7 8.24 9.76 8. 63 7. 90 7.69 8.89 8.97 8. 34 9.82 8.70 7. 90 7.78 9.45 9. 61 8.74 10. 55 9. 19 8.57 8. 12 9.47 9. 60 8.79 10. 53 9.2 5 8.52 8.25 14 142 6. 32 Crushed and broken stone 328.99 8.94 CONSTRUCTION 15 152 153 154 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction 16 161 162 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work . . MANUFACTURING 24, 25, 32-39 20-23, 26-31 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS 7. 14 7. 94 7. 91 7.24 8.95 7. 76 8. 63 238. 10 243.31 256. 59 260. 53 265.74 5. 8 5 5.92 6.32 6. 37 6.45 258.75 265.86 279. 19 283. 290.07 6.2 5 6.33 6.76 6.81 6.89 208.03 211.47 222.78 226. 22 9.43 5.24 5.30 5.64 5.69 5. 75 208.95 2 58.00 222.77 234.36 151. 10 207. 08 196. 12 180.69 171.74 273.97 146.69 188.07 187.89 176. 14 210.80 255. 13 226. 19 238. 71 155. 74 2 11. 70 197.78 183.74 176.35 282.63 150. 15 182.57 185.65 177.80 233. 11 321. 30 243. 54 2 57.70 165. 64 224. 07 209.91 201. 17 182.96 290.90 161.20 211. 68 207. 13 188.47 228.05 287.47 240. 17 2 52. 72 166. 87 22 5.44 2 11. 62 205. 65 184. 68 292.93 162.86 207. 90 203. 52 189.81 227.48 5.2 5 6.88 5.46 5.73 3.74 5. 19 4. 94 4. 73 4.23 6, 57 3.85 4.81 4.83 4. 36 5.2 7 6.84 5.49 5.78 3.78 5.24 4. 92 4.81 4.27 6.65 3.85 4.83 4.86 4. 39 5. 77 7. 56 5. 94 6.27 4. 04 5. 63 5.41 5. 08 4. 54 7. 13 4.22 5.40 5.38 4.70 5. 73 7.39 5.93 6.24 4. 10 5. 65 5. 44 5. 18 4. 56 7. 11 4.23 5.40 5.37 4.71 5.73 177.91 164.30 154.33 172. 97 167.35 185.96 209.99 205.42 216.00 198.58 182.66 170.91 158.62 184.86 171.35 190.81 213.27 205. 13 215.60 198.00 189.29 176.46 166. 38 187. 11 174.65 196.21 212.05 211.04 230.00 205.80 189.21 176.79 168. 00 187.60 171.97 193.67 212.98 212.22 227.26 208.69 194. 57 4.47 4. 17 3.82 4. 54 4.28 4.83 5.06 5. 11 5.40 4.82 4. 51 4.22 3.85 4.61 4.36 4.88 5.09 5.09 5.39 4.95 4. 78 > 4.49 4. 17 4.81 4. 56 5.07 5.2 1 5. 16 5. 75 5.2 5 4.79 4. 51 4.20 4.86 4.49 5.07 5.22 5.24 5.71 5.27 4.84 DURABLE GOODS 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members . . Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products See footnotes at end of table. 110 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued Average overtime hours Average weekly hours Industry 1972 SIC Code Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 ] 1978 k 35.9 36.2 35.9 35.8 42.7 43. 7 43.7 41.4 40. 0 39.2 41. 7 41.8 41.5 40.4 40. 5 Nov. 1978 f Dec. 1978p 41.7 42.2 41.7 33.5 33. 1 Oct. 1978 43.8 4 0.3 44.4 37. 6 Dec. 1977 36.0 44.2 TOTAL PRIVATE MINING Nov. 1977 41.8 41.8 10 101 102 METAL MINING 11, 12 12 COALMINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING . 44. 1 44. 1 13 131,2 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services 44. 9 45. 6 44. 9 41. 1 46. 9 41.8 46.4 41.4 47.4 41.5 46.3 44.8 45. 1 43.7 43.5 46.2 47.8 45.7 46.6 Iron ores Copper ores NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS 14 142 Crushed and broken stone 36. 1 36. 1 37.9 36.4 36. 0 35. 9 35.5 36.2 35.8 36. 0 35. 1 35.8 36.2 36. 0 35.8 36. 6 35.5 35.2 35.4 35.8 37.4 38. 0 37. 1 38. 0 38.7 37.7 42. 0 44. 1 40.9 39. 0 38. 8 39.0 35. 7 37. 0 33.4 3 7.4 33. 9 34.8 32.2 35.6 38. 0 33.4 38.0 32.8 34. 0 30.2 37.0 38.2 35. 7 38.2 35.4 35.6 34.2 35.9 37.6 34. 7 38. 0 34.0 34.5 32.7 36. CONSTRUCTION 15 152 153 154 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS 16 161 162 Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS . . Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work MANUFACTURING 40.7 41. 1 40. 6 40.9 41.2 3.6 3. 7 3.8 3.8 3.9 24, 25, 32-39 20-23, 26-31 DURABLE GOODS 41.4 42. 0 41. 3 41.6 42. 1 3.9 4.0 '4. 1 4. 1 4.3 NONDURABLE GOODS 39.7 3 9. 9 39.5 39.8 39.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 39.8 37.5 40. 8 40. 9 40.4 39.9 39.7 38.2 40. 6 41.7 38. 1 39. 1 38.9 40.4 40. 0 37.3 41.2 41. 3 41.2 40.4 40.2 38.2 41.3 42.5 39.0 37.8 38.2 40.5 40.4 42.5 41.0 41. 1 41.0 39.8 38.8 39.6 40.3 40. 8 38.2 39.2 38.5 40. 1 39.8 38.9 40.5 40.5 40. 7 39.9 38. 9 39 7 40.5 41.2 38.5 38.5 37. 9 40.3 3. 6 4.0 5.7 4.8 5.0 3.9 3.3 2.3 2.4 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.5 4.8 3.6 3.4 2.3 2.6 3.9 5.3 3. 1 2.4 1.9 3.7 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 39.8 39.4 40.4 38. 1 39.1 38.5 41.5 40.2 40. 0 41.2 40.5 40.5 41.2 40. 1 3 9.3 39.1 41. 9 40.3 40. 0 40. 0 39.6 39.3 39. 9 38.9 38.3 38. 7 40.7 40. 9 40.0 39.2 39.5 39.2 40.0 38.6 38.3 38.2 40.8 40.5 39.8 39.6 DURABLE GOODS 3.6 3.4 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.3 2.6 2. 3 4. 0 4.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.6 40.2 2. 9 2.8 3.4 2. 1 1.7 2.8 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.5 4.5 4.6 4.2 3.5 2.8 2.5 4. 3 5. 0 3.2 5. 0 3. 1 2. 1 2.7 2.2 3.5 2. 1 3. 1 3. 1 2.8 2.8 3.4 2.2 1.8 3.2 2.7 3.5 2,8 1.6 3.4 3.8 3.3 2.8 2. 3 3.6 2. 6 3.4 2.2 2.7 2.6 3.4 1.9 1.5 2.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.3 See footnotes at end of table. 111 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricuKural payrolls by industry—Continued Average hourly earn ings Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 $249.37 $249. 00 327.82 345.80 250.88 252. 10 261.39 261.79 236.34 238.36 243. 79 248.21 345. 56 342.32 198.65 199.55 195.42 198.97 256.71 247. 63 236.03 228. 11 231.63 224.35 277. 02 264. 71 247. 87 254.40 239. 78 248.40 271. 06 276. 95 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Ready*mixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills .. . . Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet plate and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 319. 19 352. 15 359.00 313.34 294. 68 306. 16 305. 14 267.07 343.48 365.44 296. 34 259. 79 358.09 279.97 247. 70 257.46 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. . Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, andNtrim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts nuts rivets and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings ... Automotive stampings Metal stampings nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc fabricated wire products 251. 10 257. 04 304.38 320.68 311.88 331.27 248. 53 247.38 225.50 232.39 267. 13 262.48 210.94 222.09 199.68 208. 55 208.24 220.37 235.48 239.61 244.22 248.05 184.00 189. 72 263.49 266. 85 239.99 244. 22 228, 83 230. 74 246.67 251.87 230.37 232.09 262.74 271. 83 300. 04 310. 31 329.22 350.47 362. 90 374.40 222. 73 227.27 204. 50 203.53 192.78 195.23 232.41 224. 93 236.34 248. 05 218.44 229.77 237. 31 243. 02 261.01 269. 18 207.36 210. 83 MACHINERY EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery 272.61 330. 17 288.23 348. 33 279.30 284. 57 290.37 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 See footnotes at end of table. 112 325. 14 357.69 365.52 312.28 308.62 326.31 308.45 269. 19 339. 04 362. 64 295. 64 277.76 363. 10 269.21 256. 88 266.45 281.22 338.34 294. 89 354. 57 302.45 309. 94 298.78 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978p Dec. 1978P $274. 10 $2 74.72 $275. 14 _ 357.47 372. 86 272. 83 273. 78 — 286. 71 284. 72 254, 47 259.20 276.68 279. 72 — 377.40 404.36 214.61 220.06 — 209. 22 212. 53 287.30 277. 56 263.14 258.98 245. 23 243. 49 — 324. 27 302,57 272.00 278.21 255. 19 261. 02 — 293. 26 293. 91 360. 82 412. 16 423.19 331.33 319.60 324. 28 336.20 308. 02 374.36 390.31 329. 18 301.53 399. 81 310.03 264. 16 276. 05 364. 23 266. 09 270. 10 354. 75 357.40 365.93 368. 94 249.27 251.53 237.60 240. 99 260. 89 260. 71 226.46 230.35 222. 56 227. 26 221.43 224. 53 249. 46 252.32 264. 55 271. 58 195.92 195.22 273. 78 276. 76 252.49 251. 70 241. 38 246. 65 263.34 269. 19 242. 65 247. 66 284. 89 290. 55 318. 02 326. 40 350. 65 356. 87 382. 12 396.20 237.56 239.29 211.93 212. 74 203. 52 205. 74 232.37 231.65 256. 94 257.44 231.00 233. 55 251.94 255.23 270. 17 277. 53 219.35 221.65 277.62 297. 50 351.90 316. 58 364.23 315. 18 324.21 317.90 305. 86 352. 80 400. 75 411. 18 326.70 315. 78 322.06 331.64 300.48 370. 86 397. 71 322.07 300.40 391. 19 299.34 262.26 272.33 291.48 344. 42 320.46 353.64 308.33 316. 76 316.30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — — — — — _ _ _ _ — — — _ Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 $5.98 7.40 6.21 6.47 5. 85 5.99 8. 15 4.81 4.91 5.97 5.34 5.45 6. 58 5. 93 5. 75 6. 26 $6. 00 7.60 6.24 6.48 5.90 6.01 8. 17 4.82 5. 05 5.91 5.38 5.38 6. 52 6. 00 6.00 6. 28 $6.48 8. 18 6.72 7.01 6.33 6.51 8. 88 5.26 5.27 6. 50 5. 90 5. 77 7. 19 6.40 6.27 6. 59 $6. 51 8.36 6.76 7. 03 6.40 6.49 9. 19 5.29 5.30 6.47 5. 94 5. 77 7. 17 6.44 6.32 6. 59 $6.52 7. 71 8, 76 9. 02 7.39 6.95 7. 17 7.30 6.42 . 8. 12 8. 87 6.94 6.23 8.27 6.65 5.94 6. 13 7. 76 8. 81 9.07 7.40 7.03 7. 30 7. 14 6.44 8. 15 8.91 6.94 6,40 8,29 6.55 6.03 6. 24 8.42 9.68 9.98 7. 76 7.43 7. 56 8. 03 7.07 8. 83 9.38 7.49 6. 89 9. 14 7.06 6.35 6. 61 8.51 9. 79 10. 10 7. 87 7.52 7. 63 8.20 7.18 8. 85 9.36 7. 55 6.90 9. 17 7. 16 6.35 6.62 8. 55 6.08 7. 37 7. 57 5.96 5. 50 6.33 5.30 5. 12 5.18 5. 80 6.03 4.60 6.38 5.97 5.65 5. 71 5. 37 6. 04 7. 11 7. 82 8.42 5.38 5.00 4.76 5.56 5.85 5.53 5.76 6.07 5. 12 6. 12 7. 51 7. 74 5.89 5. 52 6.22 5.43 5. 24 5.31 5. 83 6. 05 4. 65 6.43 6.03 5. 56 5.79 5.41 6. 15 7. 15 8. 02 8.32 5.45 4.94 4.75 5.42 5.92 5. 51 5.80 6.09 5. 18 6.49 8. 25 8. 51 6. 17 5.94 6.41 5.69 5. 55 5.62 6. 19 6. 50 4.96 6.76 6.36 6.08 6. 11 5. 75 6.46 7. 59 8. 27 8.97 5.78 5.22 5.05 5.64 6.36 6.00 6. 16 6. 51 5.47 6.54 8. 37 8. 62 6. 18 5. 98 6.39 5.73 5.57 5.67 6.23 6. 56 4.98 6. 80 6.34 6. 09 6. 16 5. 80 6. 50 7. 68 8. 28 9. 15 5.78 5.24 5.08 5.65 6.42 6. 13 6. 18 6.53 5. 50 6.61 6.46 7.59 7.03 7.81 7. 00 7. 15 6.93 6. 54 7.76 7.21 7.95 7. 15 7.31 7. 03 6.94 8. 22 7.63 8.44 7.67 7. 86 7.46 7. 00 8.28 7.61 8. 51 7.65 7. 85 7.48 7. 08 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978p Dec. 1978P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ _ _ — — — — — _ _ — — _ _ _ _ - ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Average overtime hours I ndustry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P 42.2 44. 6 40. 5 40. 5 40. 5 43. 1 44. 0 41.6 40. 1 42.2 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Ready-mixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products 41. 7 44. 3 40. 4 40. 4 40. 4 40. 7 42.4 41. 3 39.8 43. 0 44. 2 42. 5 42. 1 41.8 41. 7 43. 3 41. 5 45. 5 40.4 40.4 40. 4 41. 3 41.9 41.4 39-4 41. 9 42. 4 41. 7 40.6 42. 4 41.4 44. 1 42. 3 43. 7 40.6 40. 9 40. 2 42. 5 42. 5 40.8 39.7 44. 2 44. 6 42.5 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 41.4 40.2 39.8 42.4 42. 4 42. 7 41.8 41.6 42. 3 41.2 42. 7 41. 7 43. 3 42. 1 41. 9 40.6 40. 3 42. 2 43.9 44. 7 43.2 41.8 41. 6 40. 7 41.9 41. 4 41. 2 42. 1 42. 5 42. 6 41. 3 42. 5 42. 0 42. 4 42. 6 43.4 43.8 43. 0 43.6 42.8 41. 1 41. 7 42. 0 42. 6 42. 7 42. 4 41. 3 41.2 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products 41. 3 41. 3 41.2 41. 7 41. 0 42.2 39-8 39- 0 40. 2 40. 6 40. 5 40. 0 41. 3 40. 2 40. 5 43.2 42.9 43. 5 42. 2 42. 1 43. 1 41.4 40. 9 40. 5 41.8 42. 0 42. 7 42.8 42. 0 42. 1 42.2 41. 43. 43. 40. 40. 40. 40. 9 39.8 39. 8 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery 41. 41. 41. 40. 41. 40. 41. 5 1 0 8 5 5 5 43. 5 42.9 44. 2 43. 4 43. 7 41. 2 43. 0 40. 5 45. 0 41. 7 41.2 41. 1 41. 5 41. 9 41. 7 41. 9 44. 2 40.7 42.2 43. 5 41. 0 44.6 39.9 39.8 41.9 43. 0 43.6 40. 9 44.6 42. 3 42. 4 42. 5 40. 4 39.5 45. 1 42. 5 40.7 44. 5 0 0 0 4 0 7 40. 1 39.4 40. 3 40. 7 39. 5 40. 5 39. 7 39. 7 43. 1 42. 2 44. 1 41.9 42.4 42.6 41. 1 40. 6 40. 3 41.2 40. 4 38.5 42. 9 43. 6 42.2 42.2 43.2 41. 3 44. 6 42.4 42. 1 41.9 42. 1 42. 5 42. 5 41. 0 42.9 42. 3 41.7 43. 6 43. 7 43.6 43. 3 41. 6 41. 7 42.6 41. 3 42. 0 42. 7 42.8 40. 7 40. 3 40. 8 40.2 40. 8 39.6 40. 5 41. 4 39.2 40. 7 39.7 40. 5 43. 7 42. 7 44. 7 42. 5 43. 1 43. 3 41. 5 40. 1 42. 0 41. 9 42. 0 41. 9 40.2 40. 3 42. 4 42. 5 42. 5 41. 6 42.8 41.2 41. 3 42. 5 4.4 6. 7 4. 1 4. 7 3. 3 3. 7 4. 0 3.8 2.4 2. 2 4. 4 5.4 5.9 4. 9 4. 2 3.8 4. 1 2.8 7. 5 4. 4 3.8 4. 0 3.8 3.2 2. 9 4.2 3. 3 4.8 2. 7 1. 7 3. 4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.8 3. 5 2. 6 5. 1 5. 2 5. 0 4.9 5. 1 6.2 3.4 3.9 4. 0 3.8 2. 5 2. 0 3.2 4. 1 2.7 43.2 Dec. 1977 4. 6 7.2 4. 1 4. 5 3.6 3. 7 4.2 4. 3 2.8 6. 0 6. 5 5.2 6. 1 3.9 3. 5 4. 2 4. 6 5. 2 4. 0 41. 4 40. 6 40. 5 41.0 40. 1 38. 1 41. 3 42. 5 40. 3 40. 9 Nov. 1977 4.2 4. 5 4. 1 4.6 2.8 2. 9 3. 5 4. 5 2. 6 5. 3 5. 6 4. 7 5. 1 4. 3 3.8 4. 7 2. 6 4.2 6.0 6. 6 4. 9 4. 7 3. 7 4. 3 5. 1 5. 0 7. 2 4. 0 4.4 4.4 4. 0 3. 7 3. 4 3.8 4. 1 3. 7 3.4 2. 3 3. 9 3. 5 3. 4 3. 5 3.8 3. 5 2. 5 5.4 5. 3 5.4 5. 0 5. 7 5.8 3.8 4. 2 4.2 4. 3 3. 3 2. 9 3. 7 4.8 2.9 4. 7 4.8 5.2 4. 7 3. 5 3. 5 4.2 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P 5. 2 5.8 4. 2 4.8 3.4 5. 6 4. 4 4. 4 2.9 7.2 7. 7 6. 0 7. 7 4.6 3. 6 5. 3 4.9 6.4 4. 1 4. 5 3. 5 6. 1 3.9 4.2 4. 3 3.6 3. 5 4. 4 4. 4 3. 6 3. 5 4.4 5. 2 5. 6 5. 1 Dec. 1978P 5. 3 5.7 5. 1 4. 7 3. 7 4. 4 3. 6 3.8 5. 6 3. 0 6.2 7. 0 5. 6 6. 0 4. 7 3. 9 4. 7 3. 9 6. 1 5. 7 5. 1 7. 1 4.8 3.8 3. 9 7. 3 5.4 3.9 4. 3 3. 9 4.2 3.8 3. 3 3. 1 3. 6 3. 1 3. 2 2.9 3. 2 3. 9 2. 7 3. 0 3. 5 2. 3 5. 7 5. 7 5.8 5. 0 5. 7 5.8 3.9 4. 3 4. 0 3. 3 2.9 3.4 3. 0 3. 5 3. 7 3. 9 3. 7 4. 6 2.9 1. 6 3. 6 3.7 3. 3 4. 4 4.2 5. 2 3.8 4. 2 4. 4 4. 1 2. 6 3. 2 4. 1 2. 6 3. 1 3. 1 2. 3 5.8 5.8 5.9 5. 2 6. 0 6.2 3. 7 3. 9 3. 7 4. 5 3. 0 1. 5 3. 6 4. 0 3. 2 4. 5 4. 3 4. 5 4.2 4. 4 4. 5 3.9 See footnotes at end of table. 113 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings Industry Nov. 1978 p Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 $7.75 6.75 6.46 5.97 6.32 6.75 6.98 6.93 7.21 6. 14 5.42 6. 19 6.49 B8.29 7.29 6.80 6. 13 6.79 7.22 7.44 7.48 7. 73 6. 52 5. 67 6. 55 6. 90 5.41 6. 64 6. 88 6. 87 6.97 7. 10 6. 18 7.38 6. 74 5.69 5. 66 6.31 6.42 6. 68 7. 61 6. 51 $8.30 7.24 6. 84 6.23 6. 77 7.31 7.47 7. 60 7. 86 6.59 5.78 6. 65 7. 03 5.49 6.79 6. 97 6. 95 7. 03 7. 18 6.26 7.43 6. 86 5. 72 5.70 6.42 6. 55 6.70 5.96 6. 01 5. 65 6.34 6. 03 6. 19 5. 65 5. 87 6.33 6. 93 5. 00 5. 56 6.01 5. 16 5. 62 4.45 5. 53 5.69 6. 83 6.99 6.71 5. 98 6.04 5. 68 6.37 6. 10 6.25 5. 74 5. 89 6.39 6. 94 5. 00 5. 59 6.00 5. 17 5. 64 4.47 5.48 5. 61 6. 85 7. 01 6. 73 5.03 6.30 5. 55 4. 68 7. 16 7.32 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 5317.95 269. 12 277.93 249.95 255.22 296.59 311.21 293.78 328. 19 261.97 221.08 256.43 266.80 2 10.63 269.24 268.36 275. 18 268.55 286.89 237.86 284.50 252.56 225.06 $324.73 274.73 290.70 253.73 267.97 305. 10 321.08 304.23 334.54 271.39 232.52 266.79 275.18 216.06 284.27 275.80 284.00 274.49 292.03 242.78 309.32 268.98 227.81 230.54 255.26 261.87 266.02 312. 18 257.30 1345.69 315.66 300.56 256.85 279.75 316.24 332.57 322.39 347.08 275. 14 230.77 271. 17 286.35 220.19 274.90 285.52 283.04 291.35 301.75 248.44 322.51 283.75 235.00 233. 19 258.08 263.86 285.24 325.71 277.98 $346. 94 3 10. 60 303.70 264. 15 279. 60 324.56 339. 14 335. 16 3 57. 63 281.39 238.71 279.30 295. 96 226.74 287.22 292.74 289. 82 295.26 3 1 1 . 61 258. 54 326. 92 289.49 241.38 240.54 260. 65 266.59 288.77 336. 93 280.36 240.78 243.41 230.52 254.87 244.22 250.70 229.39 233.63 255. 10 2 4 3 . 3 9 $249. 48 247. 64 235. 15 258.62 2 5 1 . 93 256. 88 237. 06 231.48 247.29 267. 88 203.00 226. 95 251.40 2 10.94 I 228.42 166.73 214.82 216.55 2 84.2 8 283. 91 2 84.01 205.22 266.49 230.33 190.01 294.28 306. 71 325. 19 5.55 5. 61 5. 19 5.96 5. 64 5. 81 5.23 5.49 5.80 6.44 4. 68 5.20 5.52 4. 88 5.41 4.27 5. 05 5. 16 6.38 6.47 6.30 4. 61 5. 81 5.09 4.28 6. 69 6. 86 7.49 5. 91 6. 68 4.78 5.29 5. 60 4. 91 5.40 4.30 5.2 1 5. 38 6.41 6.48 6.36 4. 69 5.97 5.25 4.34 6. 82 6. 84 7. 65 367. 00 7.57 8. 16 8.55 6.50 8.09 5.39 7. 12 7.23 7.33 6. 65 6.22 6.54 5. 02 7. 62 7. 67 8.24 8. 60 6.53 8. 21 5.48 7.20 7.28 7. 53 6. 63 6.27 6.60 5.06 7.73 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 3671-3 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 GLECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 226.44 229.45 210.71 245.55 231.24 238.79 208. 15 220.70 237.80 245.36 189. 54 209.56 226.32 198. 13 221.81 161.83 204.53 202.27 264. 13 268.51 260. 19 185.78 248.67 208.69 169.49 282.32 305.27 313.83 233.35 238.05 214.20 258. 10 238.21 248.89 213.46 225.84 249.99 271. 88 190.24 218.48 230.16 204.26 2 18.70 161.68 210.48 214. 12 269.22 273.46 265.85 190. 88 253.73 217.35 115.71 292.58 305.06 330.48 266. 81 203.00 223.51 247.61 206.92 224.80 168.66 216.78 219. 63 280.71 278.20 281.82 201.40 263.96 226.70 185.07 292.74 313.96 3 2 1 . 18 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Shipbuilding and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment 323.24 359.86 381.33 260.00 357.58 2 14.52 302.60 305. 11 309.33 288.61 245.07 257.68 198.29 309.37 337.48 379.86 400.76 272.30 380.94 224. 13 309.60 311.58 319.27 293.05 245.78 257.40 201.39 324.66 350.57 389.39 412.83 277.60 3 9 1 . 16 222.66 329.45 337.50 334.05 302.40 267. 30 283. 14 212.51 329. 11 See footnotes"at end of table. 114 227.94 245.86 253.98 260.18 309.64 250.92 355. 18 395. 60 422.55 279.05 394.26 224.62 335. 91 345.40 340.00 306.24 (*) (*) 213.55 336.36 Nov. 1978 p Nov. 1977 $7. 68 6.58 6.36 5.84 6.24 6. 68 6. 87 6. 88 7. 15 6.05 5.34 6. 12 6.46 5. 10 6.38 6.42 6.49 6.44 6. 58 5. 83 6.79 6. 16 5.41 5.44 5.91 5.99 6. 18 7.39 Dec. 19781 Nov. 1977 5.96 5. 12 6.52 6.52 6. 62 6.52 6. 76 5. 85 7.03 6.27 5.45 5.45 5.95 6. 02 6.23 7.26 6. 04 5. 65 5. 75 5.25 6. 16 5. 74 5. 94 5.31 5. 59 5.01 6.33 5. 57 4. 65 7. 14 7.37 7.95 8.21 8.87 9.34 6. 94 8. 81 5. 68 7.77 7.96 8. 03 7.00 6. 75 7. 15 5.38 8.29 7. 71 6. 52 $6.07 7. 99 8.26 8. 91 9.39 6.89 8. 84 5. 88 7. 83 8. 07 8. 00 7. 04 (*) (*) 5.42 8.43 8.36 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average overtime hours Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc machinery except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 3671-3 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances . .. Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carry ino wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment ... 40. 40. 40. 41. 41. 41. 39. 40. 41. 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft anfi nart* Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment 42. 7 44. 1 44.6 40.0 44.2 39. 8 42. 5 42. 2 42. 2 43.4 39.4 39.4 39.5 41.4 40. 9 43. 7 42. 8 40. 9 44.4 45.3 42. 7 45. 9 43. 3 41. 4 41. 9 41.3 41. 3 42.2 41.8 42.4 41. 7 43.6 40. 8 4U9 41.0 41. 6 41. 9 42.4 42. 1 41.9 42. 1 8 9 6 2 0 1 8 2 0 38. 1 40. 5 40.3 41. 0 40. 6 41. 0 37.9 40. 5 39.2 41.4 41. 5 41. 3 40.3 42. 8 41. 0 39.6 42. 2 44. 5 41. 9 40. 6 Oct. 1978 41.9 40. 7 45. 0 42. 5 42.4 45. 2 46. 0 43.9 46.4 44. 2 42.9 43. 1 42.4 42. 2 43. 6 42.3 42. 9 42. 1 43.2 41. 5 44. 0 42.9 41. 8 42 3 42! 9 43. 5 42. 7 43. 0 42.6 41. 7 43.3 44. 2 41.9 41. 2 43. 8 44. 7 43. 1 44. 9 42. 2 40. 7 41.4 41. 5 40. 7 41.4 41. 5 41.2 41. 8 42. 5 40. 2 43! 7 42. 1 41. 3 41. 2 40. 9 41. 1 42. 7 42. 8 42. 7 41. 8 42. 9 44.4 42.4 41. 3 44. 4 45.4 44. 1 45. 5 42. 7 41.3 42. 0 42. 1 41. 3 42.3 42.0 41. 7 42.0 43.4 41. 3 44. 0 42.2 42. 2 42. 2 40. 6 40. 7 43. 1 43. 7 43. 0 41.3 41.4 40. 8 41. 9 41. 5 41. 9 40.2 40.4 42.3 40. 7 39. 8 41. 3 41. 1 41. 6 40. 5 37.6 40. 4 39. 8 42. 0 42. 2 41. 8 40. 7 42. 5 41.4 40. 5 49. 9 44. 6 43. 2 40. 4 40. 5 40. 8 40. 2 40. 5 40. 5 40. 6 39. 8 40.3 38. 5 40. 6 40.2 41. 2 40. 1 40. 0 37.9 39. 2 38. 6 41. 1 39. 8 42. 0 40.2 41. 7 40. 7 39. 8 41. 0 42.6 40.4 44. 0 46. 1 46. 6 41.7 46.4 40. 9 43. 0 42. 8 42.4 44. 2 39. 2 39. 0 39.8 42. 0 42. 7 43.9 44. 2 40.0 44.4 39.2 42. 4 , 42.4 41. 6 43.2 39.6 39.6 39. 5 39. 7 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 — — — — — - 3. 3. 4. 4. 3. 6. 3. 2. 5. 4. 4. 6. — - 2. 8 4. 3 3.9 4.4 4. 6 4.6 3. 0 3. 5 3. 7 0 1 8 8 1 2 6.4 5.2 7. 8 4. 6 3. 9 3.8 3.4 3.4 - 3. 7 3.6 4.0 — - 4. 8 40. 7 41. 0 41.4 40.6 41. 3 41. 1 41.3 39. 3 38. 7 38. 6 40. 6 40. 6 41.9 40. 8 40. 5 37. 3 39. 2 38. 6 41. 5 40. 5 42. 2 40. 8 42.3 41. 5 40.6 41. 1 41. 9 40. 7 41. 1 2.9 2. 7 43.0 44.4 45. 0 40. 5 43.9 _ _ — — — — — — 44. 6 38. 2 42.9 : 42.8 42. 5 ; 43. 5 ! (*) (*) 39.4 39. 9 3.4 5. 0 — - — — - — — — - 7.0 6. 1 7. 8 5. 3 4. 7 4. 8 3. 8 3. 6 5. 8 4.6 4. 8 4.6 5. 8 3. 9 5.4 5. 1 3. 7 3. 3. 3. 4. 3. 5. 9 7 7 9 9 1 3. 1 3.4 2.3 2.6 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1. 4.0 0 1 4 2 4 1 1.3 — - 7 7 9 5 2 6 3.6 4. 0 2. 5 2. 3 1. 5 2. 7 2. 3 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P 3.2 3. 8 5.9 4. 1 3. 9 5. 9 6.8 5. 9 6. 8 4. 9 3. 0 3. 3 5. 5 4. 2 3. 8 6.3 7.2 6. 7 7. 2 5. 2 3. 7 — — — — ' - 3.3 4.0 4.2 3. 5 3. 0 4. 3 4.4 4. 1 5.2 4. 1 3, 5 5! 1 3. 3. 4. 4. 4.8 3.2 4. 8 3. 1 3. 4 3. 1 3.2 3.3 8 1 5 5 4.2 5.2 4. 3 3. 7 5.2 3.3 5. 1 3.3 5.2 4.0 5.3 4. 7 5.3 2.9 2.9 3. 1 3. 1 3. 0 2. 9 3. 1 3. 0 3.2 2. 5 2.3 1.6 . 8 3.4 — - 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.9 — — — — — — - 2. 2 1. 5 1. 6 4.3 5.2 4.3 5.4 5.4 2. 8 3. 1 3.3 3. 0 3. 1 2. 0 2.2 1. 6 3. 3 3.4 3. 3 3.0 2.7 3. 8 2.9 3.9 5. 0 4. 7 4. 5 3. 8 3.9 — - 5.3 6. 5 5.0 5. 5 7. 0 7.4 3. 7 7.2 2. 7 4. 6 4. 0 5.2 5.6 2. 8 2. 8 2. 8 3.6 5.6 - 2. 9 2.6 2. 3 2. 8 2. 5 1. 9 2. 7 1. 5 3. 1 3. 1 3. 0 2. 6 2. 7 3. 6 2. 3 7. 2 3.2 6. 5 2. 7 4.4 3.4 5. 5. 2. 2. 2. 3. 0 5 7 8 5 7 2. 2 3. 0 2.9 3.3 3.0 2. 3 1. 9 2.4 2. 1 3. 0 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.8 3. 3. 2. 2. 3 3 9 8 3.6 2. 7 5.9 5.9 3. 0 6.4 3. 5 4. 6 3. 7 5. 0 5.9 3.0 3. 1 2. 4 4. 4 2.2 2.4 1. 8 3. 1 2. 8 2. 1 3.6 2. 7 4. 0 7. 2 7. 9 3. 5 — — - 7.2 3. 1 4. 7 4.0 5.3 5.9 (*) (*) 2.4 • - - - - 3. 6 See footnotes at end of table. 115 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industry—Continued Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code 376 3761 379 3792 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions 391 3911 393 394 3942, 4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P $296.94 299.02 217.49 188.86 $315.25 323.75 213.88 181.28 $335.82 331.55 223.91 196.72 346. 84 346. 80 224.87 192. 53 222.63 242.76 224.81 208.43 234.92 234.60 256.36 186.80 179.45 192.06 168.60 291.21 170.83 227.56 252.59 227.00 216.36 233.79 236.64 261.22 189.41 184.26 193.16 169.60 306.56 174.84 237.39 261.69 241. 13 224.87 254.28 249.48 271.92 201. 10 197.41 204.46 179.41 306.68 176.71 240.20 260.53 245. 14 231. 13 260. 15 250.48 280.86 201.80 193.50 207.36 185.50 307.52 178.75 $247.28 176. 12 192.98 196.88 173.32 154.3 1 142.09 164.58 186.05 149.77 13 9.43 198.69 216.46 177.51 191.70 193.66 175.85 158.50 144.08 167.38 191.32 148. 14 137.27 198.35 212.31 186.51 191.69 184.89 184.61 168.58 160.40 176.79 198.05 156. 15 144.20 213.07 222.61 188.64 197.20 191.58 187.78 168.52 160.40 176.33 201.06 155.45 140.21 217. 74 229.20 193.25 222.31 228.10 286.62 261.23 134.23 23 1.26 2 15.97 241.79 181. 16 218.51 174. 19 176.79 264.72 305.28 206.35 228.10 225.98 235.89 201.50 230.88 176.87 251.43 269.99 380.61 189.47 184.99 225.68 228.23 285.02 265.58 132. 11 234.34 216.63 246.78 184.02 224. 17 178.00 173.45 270.50 295.22 216.23 228.49 227.34 234.67 208.82 256.80 174.55 259.45 274.03 390.28 194.39 188.57 235.60 238.60 301.07 267.34 145.88 247.39 226.63 258.07 199.25 245.27 193.05 195.62 286. 18 335. 12 228.51 237.39 236.31 241.35 227.03 261.62 200.30 268.32 282.40 395.65 205. 15 193.91 239.20 243.79 309.33 272.52 146.49 250.06 225.50 263.08 195.58 255.09 186.90 177.88 284. 68 340. 82 225.85 242.35 240.24 248.00 228.97 277.55 193.44 278. 13 286.63 410.73 201.76 200.31 241.80 Nov. 1977 Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays Dec. 1978P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978 p $7.35 7.57 5.52 4.97 $7.56 7.82 5.47 4.86 $7. 72 7.97 5. 64 5.07 $7.83 8. 16 5.65 5.04 5.43 5.78 5.51 5.25 5.62 5.75 5.80 4.67 42 4.85 4.29 6.82 4.26 5.51 5.82 5.55 5.29 5.62 5.80 5.87 4.70 4.44 4.89 4.36 7.08 4.36 5.79 5.83 6. 13 5. 95 5. 61 6.05 6.20 6.34 5.02 4.78 5.2 1 4.72 7.27 4.48 $5.93 6. 10 5.91 5.58 6.04 6. 16 6. 18 4.99 4.78 5. 15 4.66 7.25 4.44 4.47 4.65 4.71 4.54 4.71 4.77 4.31 4. 16 3.98 4.27 4. 61 3. 94 3.70 5.06 5.43 4.77 4.89 4.84 4.65 4.39 4.21 4.58 4.89 4. 1 2 3. 94 5.34 5.65 4. 80 4.93 4.85 4.73 4.40 4.21 4.58 4.94 4.08 3.81 5.43 5.73 4. I 5.53 5.66 6.76 6.45 3.57 5.48 5. 13 5.61 4.73 5.24 4.67 4.58 6.03 6.40 4.81 5.76 5.75 5.81 5. 18 5.86 4.63 5.65 6.65 8.79 4. 96 4.83 5.60 5.72 6.77 6.59 3.59 5.54 5.22 5.66 4. 83 5.35 4.85 4.65 6. 1 2 6.39 4.87 5.89 6.01 7.22 6.82 3.89 5.99 5.68 6. 13 5.07 5.91 4.95 4.94 6.46 7.07 5. 98 6.03 4.29 4. .05 .83 3. 4.22 4.56 3.89 3.65 5.03 5.48 NONDURABLE GOODS 20 201 2011 2013 2016 202 2022 2026 203 2032 2033 2037 204 2041 2048 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee 205 2051 2052 206 2061-3 2065 207 Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils 208 Beverages 2082 2086 209 Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products 6. 11 7.33 6.83 3. 97 6.04 5. 68 6. 19 08 96 88 86 5.26 6.00 4.63 5.74 6.70 8.87 5.01 4.86 5. 17 6. 15 6. 17 6. 11 5.69 6.59 5.02 6. 14 7.06 9.65 5.22 5. 13 6.47 7. 16 5. 18 6.23 6.24 6.20 5.71 6.64 4.96 6.25 7. 13 9.71 5.20 5.23 21 211 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes 226.69 279. 10 224.46 277.11 224.63 273.04 238.55 288.79 246.91 5.71 6.96 5. 80 6.98 5.99 7.46 6. 18 7.56 6.38 22 221 222 223 224 225 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills 168.51 177.57 181.38 172.03 153.95 150. 11 169.33 176.73 182.23 177. 57 157.67 147.44 178. 13 190.81 195.67 184.87 162.37 155.90 180.67 182.78 194. 84 198.34 187.32 167.27 157.06 4. 12 4.31 4.36 4.29 3.82 3.81 4. 14 4.30 4.37 4.31 3.84 3.80 4.42 4.62 4.67 4.52 4.09 4. 06 4.45 4.65 4. 70 4.58 4. 13 4.09 4.48 See footnotes at end of table. 116 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average overtime hours Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978p Dec. 1978P Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 3.3 3.0 2.3 2.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 2. 1 5.4 4.0 2.3 2.2 5.8 4.5 2. 1 1.9 2.6 3.2 2.4 1.8 3. 1 2, 1 3.8 2. 1 1.9 2.5 1.4 3.4 2.3 2.8 3.6 2. 7 2.5 3.3 2.4 4.3 2. 1 2.0 2.4 1.5 3. 7 2.3 2.9 3.7 2.5 1.6 3.7 2.0 3.5 3.2 4.3 2.4 1.8 3.5 2.4 2.8 3.5 2.6 2.2 3.7 2. 0 4. 0 2.6 3.2 2.2 1.9 3.5 2. 1 2.7 4.6 5.3 2.0 1.8 1.4 2. 1 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.5 4.0 4.6 2.3 1.8 1.3 2. 1 3.3 2. 5 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.8 2. 1 2.3 2.8 1.9 2.6 3. 1 3. 1 2.9 2.8 2.5 3.7 3.8 2. 1 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6 4. 1 4.4 5. 1 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.2 3.1 4.3 3.3 2.9 6.4 7.8 6.3 3.6 3.8 2.8 3.7 5.5 2.7 6.5 4.2 5.9 3. 1 3.7 4. 1 4.2 5. 1 4. 0 3.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 3.0 4.8 2.6 2.8 6.3 6.7 6.8 3.6 3.8 2.8 3.7 6.1 2.3 6.6 4.0 5. 1 3.5 3.6 4. 1 4.0 5.0 3.2 3. 1 4.0 3. 9 4.2 4. 1 5.9 4. 7 3.9 6.9 8.6 6.8 3.3 3.5 2.4 3.6 5.0 3. 0 6. 1 4. 0 4.8 3.4 3.4 4.0 4. 0 4.8 3.4 3.2 3.9 3. 3 4. 3 3.4 7.2 3.4 2.4 6.3 8.2 5. 9 3.4 3. 7 2.2 3.6 5.2 2.9 6. 1 3.8 5.7 2.8 3.7 _ 376 3761 379 3792 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 40.4 39.5 39.4 38.0 41.7 41.4 39. 1 37.3 43.5 41.6 39.7 38.8 44. 3 42.5 39.8 38.2 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies . Watches clocks and watchcases 41.0 42.0 40.8 39.7 41.8 40.8 44.2 40. 0 40.6 39.6 39. 3 42.7 40. 1 41.3 43.4 40.9 40. 9 41.6 40.8 44.5 40.3 41.5 39.5 38.9 43.3 40. 1 41. 0 42.9 40.8 40.3 42. 1 40.5 44. 0 40.3 41.3 39.7 38.5 42.3 39.8 41.2 42.5 41.2 41.2 43.0 40.4 44.3 40.2 40.9 39.8 39.3 42.3 39.9 41.7 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry precious metal ... Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays 39.4 41.5 41.8 40.4 38. 1 37. 1 39. 0 40.8 38. 5 38 2 39.5 39.5 39. 1 40.7 40.6 40.8 38.1 36.2 39.2 41.5 37.6 37. 1 39.2 39. 1 39. 1 39.2 38.2 39.7 38.4 38.1 38.6 40.5 37.9 36.6 39.9 39.4 39.3 40.0 39.5 39.7 38.3 38. 1 38.5 40.7 38.1 36.8 40. 1 40.0 39.6 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 20 201 2011 2013 2016 202 2022 2026 203 2032 2033 2037 204 2041 2048 205 2051 2052 206 2061-3 2065 207 208 2082 2086 209 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables . . . . Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products 40.2 40.3 42.4 40.5 37.6 42.2 42. 1 43. 1 38.3 41. 7 37.3 38. 6 43. 9 47. 7 42.9 39.6 39.3 40. 6 38.9 39.4 38.2 44.5 40. 6 43.3 38.2 38.3 40.3 39. 9 42. 1 40.3 36.8 42.3 41.5 43.6 38. 1 41. 9 36.7 37.3 44.2 46.2 44.4 39.6 39.4 40.6 39.7 42.8 37.7 45.2 40.9 44.0 38.8 38.8 40.0 39.7 41.7 39.2 37.5 41.3 39.9 42. 1 39.3 41.5 39.0 39.6 44.3 47.4 44.2 38.6 38.3 39.5 39.9 39.7 39.9 43.7 40. 0 41.0 39.3 37.8 40. 0 39. 9 42.2 39.9 36.9 41.4 39.7 42.5 38.5 42.8 38.3 36.6 44.0 47.6 43.6 38.9 38.5 40.0 40. 1 41.8 39.0 44.5 40.2 42.3 38.8 38.3 40. 1 21 211 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes 39.7 40. 1 38.7 39.7 37.5 36.6 38.6 38.2 38.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.5 1.3 2. 1 2.2 _ - 22 221 222 223 224 225 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills cotton Weaving mills synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills 40.9 41.2 41.6 40. 1 40.3 39.4 40. 9 41. 1 41.7 41.2 40.8 38.8 40.3 41.3 41.9 40.9 39.7 38.4 40. 6 41.9 42.2 40.9 40.5 38.4 40.8 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 3. 6 4. 1 3. 6 3.9 3.6 2.6 3.6 4. 1 4.2 4.0 3. 1 2.8 3.8 4. 7 4.5 3.8 3.0 2. 7 _ - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ NONDURABLE GOODS - _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : - - See footnotes at end of table. 117 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings Industry Nov. 1977 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants cotton Finishing plants synthetics Floor covering mills . . . Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers . Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and wlists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc apparel and accessories Misc fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishing nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 26 261,2,6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills ... .. Paper mills except building paper . Paperboard mills Misc converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS . .. .... .. . . Periodicals Books Book publishing . . Book printing Miscellaneous publishing . . Commerical printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commerical printing lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services Industrial inorganic chemicals . . Industrial inorganic chemicals . . . . . . .... . .. nee . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics m a t e r i a l s a n d s y n t h e t i c s Plastics m a t e r i a l s a n d resins Organic fibers noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations See footnotes at end of table. 118 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 $142.91 $139.91 $153.22 141. 02 134.17 141.26 144.02 141.75 147.17 139.32 137.92 143.25 170.05 170.10 184.91 184.29 189.16 189.88 191.56 194.79 194.25 191.27 194.54 200.64 177.66 183.18 189.28 159.01 158.26 168.90 162.39 162.09 168.90 147.73 142.86 162.78 187.65 188.58 198.77 Nov. 1978P $152.86 140. 84 147.50 144. 02 187.58 194.68 199.48 202.46 193.28 168.87 169.30 163.61 200.16 Dec. 1978P _ _ = _ _ _ Nov. 1978P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 $3.52 3.57 3.80 3.60 4.23 4.43 4.55 4.62 4.21 3.85 3.83 3.74 4.50 $3.56 3.54 -3.79 3.62 4.20 4.43 4.53 4.61 4.30 3.86 3.85 3.73 4.49 $3.84 3.87 4. 01 3. 75 4.51 4.70 4.82 4.87 4.55 4.16 4. 16 3. 98 4.86 Dec. 1978P $3.86 3.88 4.03 3.78 4.52 4.76 4.83 4.95 4.58 4.18 4. 17 4. 07 4.87 3.71 4.52 3.35 3.21 3.47 3.27 3.74 3.52 3.79 4. 12 3.59 3.32 3.26 3.56 3.37 3.36 3.58 4.26 3.31 3.68 6.92 3.76 4.51 3.40 3.27 3.51 3.32 3.72 3.54 3-. 80 4.06 3.58 3.35 3.28 3.60 3.41 3.33 3.60 4.50 3.30 3.71 7.39 4.01 4.91 3.61 3.51 3.74 3.53 3.99 3.71 4. 10 4.27 3.85 3.61 3.56 3.84 3.58 3.54 3.88 4.71 3.49 4.03 7.60 4.04 4. 95 3.65 3.57 3.75 3.57 4. 00 3.73 4. 13 4.29 3.85 3.63 3.57 3.89 3.63 3.57 3.89 4. 71 3.52 4.05 7.60 $ 4. 07 6. 17 7.08 7.06 7.23 5.48 6.35 5. 13 5.30 5.52 5.70 5.77 5.25 6.24 7. 11 7.10 7.31 5.58 6.43 5.20 5.40 5.57 5.74 5.84 5.33 6.68 7.73 7.72 8. 00 5.92 6.81 5.54 5.65 6.00 6.20 6.29 5.58 6.75 7.73 7.74 8. 12 5.97 6.81 5.61 5.64 6. 07 6.26 6.38 5.69 6.81 251.56 255.46 _ 242.55 _ 237.68 232.07 _ 222.87 _ 240.37 _ 213.58 _ 267.93 246.79 280.13 _ 262.29 198.74 332.35 6.26 6.70 5.85 5.53 5.52 5.54 5.49 6.43 6.09 6.63 5.91 4.. 79 8.. 05 6.27 6.73 5.80 5.54 5.39 5.67 5.42 6.44 6.09 6.68 5.95 4.87 7.99 6.58 6.79 5.98 5.91 5.73 6.08 5.86 6.86 6.46 7.09 6.24 5.07 8.68 6.62 6.93 6.11 5.89 5.70 6.07 5.90 6.87 6.41 7. 11 6.26 5.07 8.61 6.67 305.95 6.66 7.25 7.22 6.52 7.08 6.02 6.21 6.09 6.72 7.32 7.30 6.55 7. 13 6.08 6.22 6. 10 7.19 7.89 7.89 7.04 7.74 6.52 6.53 6.38 7.21 7.93 7.93 7. 06 7.77 6.54 6.53 6.41 7.25 145.44 $146.52 180.68 131.77 131.38 132.38 131.38 136.40 _ 129.80 135.88 141.14 137.45 131.77 128.52 146.65 131.77 130.31 143.93 186.05 . _ 134.82 _ 162.41 315.40 133.93 161.82 122.28 118.13 123.53 121.32 126.79 121.09 124.69 135.96 126.73 123.50 121.60 131.01 121.66 122.64 134.25 167.42 126.44 145.36 274.03 135.74 142. 76 164.16 175.29 123.08 128.88 119.68 127.76 122.85 131.65 121.51 126.73 125.74 134.06 120. 01 128.00 124.64 132.43 133.17 140.48 126.02 135.14 121.61 130.68 118.74 128.16 131.40 143.23 125.15 127.09 120.55 126.38 133.56 142.40 181.35 183.22 124.41 129.48 146.92 157.97 341.42 316.92 265.31 315.06 315.58 327.52 226.87 269.24 208.79 221.01 232.94 245.10 246.96 216.83 272.06 322.08 323.05 "336.26 234.92 284.21 212.16 231. 12 237.28 251.41 251.12 222.79 285.90 292.28 347.85 * 351.72 350.49 354.49 356.80 363.78 242.13 248.95 298.28 294.19 232.25 221.05 234.48 235.75 257.98 253.80 268.55 264.12 274.34 271.10 236.70 226.55 237.88 232.49 214.70 220.09 218.59 221.05 217.40 251.41 236.90 259.23 244.08 189.21 308.32 239.51 234.20 219.82 225.48 216.68 233.60 205.42 253.09 239.34 261.86 254.66 189.44 310.01 248.72 232.90 232.02 232.85 223.47 241.38 209.20 266.85 247.42 278.64 258.96 197.73 331.58 279.05 308.13 305.41 273.84 307.98 246.22 254.61 246.04 283.58 309.64 307.33 279.03 310.87 255.97 261.24 251.93 301.26 334.54 328.22 299.20 335.92 273.19 271.00 262.22 304.26 339.40 333.06 302.87 342.66 274.03 271.0C 262.17 296.24 _ _ - _ _ ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Average overtime hours Industry Nov. 1977 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 26 261, 2, 6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers 43. 0 44. 5 44. 7 45.3 41.4 42. 4 40. 7 41. 7 42.2 43. 0 42. 8 41. 3 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commerical printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade service 38. 0 34. 7 36. 7 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations 40. 6 39.5 37.9 38.7 40. 2 41. 6 42. 1 41.4 42. 2 41. 3 42.4 39.5 41.7 36. 1 35.8 36. 5 36.8 35. 6 37. 1 33.9 34.4 32.9 33. 0 35.3 37. 2 37. 3 36.8 36. 1 36.5 37.5 39. 3 38.2 39.5 39.6 39.8 39. 6 39.9 39.6 39. 1 38. 9 39. 1 41. 3 39.5 38.3 41. 9 42.5 42. 3 42.0 43. 5 40.9 41. 0 40.4 Dec. 1977 39.3 37.9 37.4 1 5 7 0 2 6 0 1 3 0 38. 40. 42. 43. 42. 42. 41. 42. 38. 42. 36. 1 36.4 36.2 36. 6 35. 0 36. 6 33.8 33.9 32.8 32. 8 35.2 36. 3 36.2 36. 5 36.7 36. 2 37. 1 40. 3 37. 7 Oct. 1978 39.9 36. 5 36. 7 38.2 0 4 3 2 6 6 6 9 9 41. 40. 40. 41. 41. 40. 40. 40. 40. 35. 6 35. 7 35. 7 36.4 35. 2 35.9 33. 6 34. 5 32. 3 Nov. 1978P Dec. 19781 1.5 .8 1.2 1. 2 1. 2 1. 1 1. 3 1. 1 1.2 1. 3 1.5 1. 5 1. 5 1. 3 1. 5 2. 0 1.9 2.6 2. 2 2. 7 2.9 1. 3 .9 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 .8 1. 2 1. 0 1. 2 1. 3 1. 1 0 0 1 4 9 4 2. 5 4. 3 1.4 1.0 1. 0 1. 1 . 7 .9 1. 2 1. 0 1.2 9 4 3 3 1 2 8 7 2.8 1.7 2. 6 5. 1 1.4 .9 1. 0 1. 1 .7 1. 1 1. 2 1. 2 1.2 .8 1.4 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 1.4 1. 6 1. 7 2.8 2. 2 2.8 4.6 38.9 4.9 6.5 6.5 6.9 3. 7 5. 1 2. 8 3.9 3.9 4. 1 4. 5 2. 7 5.2 6.6 6.6 7. 6 4.0 5. 8 3. 0 4. 6 4. 0 4. 5 4. 5 3. 0 5. 3 6.9 7. 0 7.4 4. 0 5.8 3.4 3.8 4. 5 4.9 5.2 3. 1 5.3 6.9 7. 1 7. 5 4. 1 5.5 38.3 3.0 2. 1 3. 0 3. 6 3. 0 4. 1 2.9 3. 5 3.2 3.7 3.9 2.4 3. 1 3.2 2. 1 3.4 4.2 3. 3 5. 0 2. 1 3.8 3. 3 4. 1 4.9 2. 3 3.2 3. 3 2. 2 3.6 3.9 2. 1 5. 6 2. 5 3.9 3.2 4.2 3.9 2. 5 3.9 3.2 2. 3 3.0 3. 7 2. 1 5.2 2.4 3. 7 2.9 4. 1 4. 0 2.4 3.4 42. 2 3.2 3.6 3. 3 3.0 4. 5 2.0 2.9 2. 7 3.4 3. 7 3. 3 3. 2 4.4 2.4 3. 0 2.9 3. 7 4. 0 3.4 3.5 4.9 Z.Z 2.9 2.9 3. 6 4. 0 3.3 3. 6v 5. 0 2. 2 3. 0 2.9 36.3 36.5 37.0 39.5 37. 1 39.2 41.7 38. 3 40. 1 41. 5 43. 6 45. 3 45. 5 46. 0 42. 1 44. 2 40. 8 42. 8 42. 6 43.8 43. 0 41. 8 42. 8 45. 0 43.3 45.5 45.8 44. 8 41.7 43. 8 41.4 41.8 42. 5 38.2 34. 8 37.9 40. 7 40. 2 41. 2 37. 9 39. 3 39. 3 37.8 38.0 34. 3 36.0 35. 7 36. 3 36.0 37. 7 35.5 35. 0 38. 9 39. 6 46.2 39.2 42.8 45.4 44. 6 40. 9 43.2 39. 41. 42. 42. 43. 40. 9 5 3 6 1 6 38.8 39.4 39. 0 39.7 35.7 43. 0 41. 6 39.4 39. 1 39. 6 36.2 39. 0 38.3 39.3 38.5 39.4 41.9 39.2 38. 9 38.8 41. 5 39.0 38.2 2 3 1 6 6 1 0 3 41.9 42.4 41.6 42. 5 43.4 41.9 41. 5 41. 1 42. 42. 42. 42. 43. 42. 42. 41. 43. 5 42.9 38. 9 38. 6 42.2 42.8 42. 0 42. 9 44. 1 41. 9 41.5 40. 9 Dec 1978 * 2.9 2. 1 1.9 2. 2 4. 6 4. 0 4. 0 4. 7 4. 6 3.4 3. 6 3.5 3. 7 34.8 32.9 32.9 35. 7 36. 7 Nov. 1978 1 3. 1 2. 3 1.9 2. 1 4. 6 3. 7 3.8 4.2 4.3 3. 7 3.8 3. 7 4. 2 40. 6 40. 2 41. 1 32.9 Oct. 1978 2. 7 1. 7 2. 2 2.2 3.5 4. 6 5. 1 4.4 5. 0 3. 7 4.2 2.8 3.8 42.2 40.4 35. 1 36.2 36. 0 37. 3 Dec. 1977 3.4 2. 7 2.5 2. 1 3.5 4.5 5.4 4.4 4. 3 3.9 4.4 3. 1 4. 1 39. 6 36.3 36.6 38. 1 41.5 40.9 41.3 40. 9 36. 0 36.5 36. 1 36.8 35. 3 36.8 34. 1 Nov. 1977 4. 3 4. 4 4. 8 3.4 See footnotes at end of table. 119 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code 284 2841 2842, 3 2844 285 286 2865 2861,9 287 289 Average hourly earnings Industry Nov. 1977 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Polishing, sanitation,and finishing preparations . Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978 P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P $260.35 $261. 58 349.80 353.22 228.42 229.80 2 10.00 2 10. 79 247.61 252.34 324.19 334. 19 307.55 3 15.92 $271. 62 378.44 245.43 212.42 264.27 359.54 322.63 $275.95 376.28 244.42 2 18.23 268. 51 365.04 329.30 $6.35 8. 06 5.64 5.33 6.01 7. 61 7.07 $6.38 8. 12 5.66 5.35 6. 11 7.79 7.33 $6.74 8.66 6.09 5.59 6.43 8.44 7.70 329. 94 268.60 262.06 340.26 272.84 266.07 372.36 300.61 280. 06 378.01 300.33 282. 66 7. 80 6.38 6.21 7. 95 6.45 6.29 8. 70 7. 04 6. 70 Dec. 1978 p 8.71 7.05 6.73 $6.78 8. 69 6.08 5. 61 6.47 8.45 7.73 29 291 295 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 340.92 367.65 268.62 348.00 371.95 277.86 384.08 407.09 333.20 3 84. 12 $3 88. 07 411. 65 3 13.72 7.91 8. 55 6. 05 8.00 8. 61 6.08 8. 67 9.38 6. 87 8.73 9.42 6. 82 8. 86 30 301 302 303,4 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . . Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 215.78 313.54 141.31 218.48 3 14.08 142.72 233.76 362.37 148.61 236. 55 372.22 150. 93 244.76 5.25 7.36 3. 68 5.29 7.39 3. 65 5. 66 8. 18 3.84 5.70 8.2 9 3. 87 5. 80 277. 10 205.41 196.32 223.31 209.99 199.26 238.71 221.40 210. 12 245.53 221.40 2 10. 94 5.42 5.01 4.80 5.46 5.06 4. 86 5.78 5.40 5. 15 5. 86 5.40 5. 17 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS 138.37 199.79 132.77 141.66 122.82 138.70 132.30 138.01 200.29 132.79 142.43 123.84 127.97 130. 50 146. 17 202.93 139. 85 148.97 132. 10 156.46 138.73 147. 66 205.27 140. 91 148. 14 135. 66 160.76 145. 54 148.40 3. 4.. 3.. 3.. 3.. 3. 3. 68 97 55 67 45 80 50 3. 69 4. 97 3.56 3.69 3.44 3.72 3.48 3. 94 4.00 3.69 4.24 3.78 3. 98 5.21 3. 85 3. 94 3. 80 4.31 3.81 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 291.45 293.06 309.57 309.20 3 12.76 7.25 7.29 7.72 7. 73 7.78 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads 2 . . .'". ! 337.57 330.81 357.21 (*) 7. 62 7. 64 8. 10 (*) 411 413 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation 177. 14 263.74 270.82 180.58 272.90 263.77 196.31 289.95 3 12.42 196. 18 286. 86 313.01 5.21 6.48 7.44 5.28 6. 64 7.43 5.74 6.97 8.20 5. 67 6. 83 8. 13 42 421,3 422 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 294.19 301.38 207.90 304.79 320.76 311.74 328.45 211. 60 218. 12 318.39 324.81 225. 10 7.30 7.46 5.25 7.38 7.53 5.29 7.92 8.09 5.55 7. 94 8. 10 5. 67 46 PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS 337.43 348. 19 368.40 376. 74 8.23 8.31 8.92 8. 97 48 481 4817 4818 483 COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees3 Line construction employees4 Radio and television broadcasting 289.98 301.84 231.25 413.52 234.32 285.68 295.07 222. 12 404.50 240.41 302.91 3 13.98 222.33 426.82 256.36 301.36 3 11.24 220.38 424.65 257.26 7. 16 7.38 6.25 8.97 6. 15 7. 16 7. 34 6. 17 8. 89 6.36 7.63 7.83 6.52 9.57 6.80 7. 61 7. 82 6. 52 9. 50 6.77 49 491 492 493 495 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . . Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 305.24 306.29 279.48 341.51 251.39 308.28 312.80 281.26 341.90 256.22 326.51 327. 76 302.91 365.43 269.03 329. 80 333.80 299.80 370.44 262. 89 7.32 7.31 6. 85 8. 17 7.83 7.86 7.37 8. 68 6.33 7. 89 7. 91 7.33 8. 82 6.35 144. 10 146.29 156.3 1 156.48 4.38 4.78 4. 80 4.79 218.79 236.34 5. 61 6.06 6.08 6. 13 222.39 205.27 190.88 22 1.82 229.46 239.55 217.32 206.72 243.97 230.49 5. 63 5.21 6.08 5. 63 5. 44 6. 13 6. 13 6.08 5. 66 5.48 6. 15 6. 14 306 307 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 4011 41 Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 5. 86 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 50,51 50 501 502 503 504 WHOLESALE TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods See footnotes at end of table. 120 215.34 218.51 198.39 185.37 221.20 220.96 158.07 4.3 8 236. 51 239. 55 219. 61 209.34 244. 16 231.48 239. 68 5. '35 5. 56 5. 10 4. 93 5. 60 5. 83 5.96 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultura! payrolls by industry—Continued Average overtime hours Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code 284 2841 2842, 3 2844 285 286 2865 2861,9 287 289 Industry Nov. 1977 Oct. 1978 41.0 43.4 40.5 3 9.4 41.2 42.6 43.5 41.0 43.5 40.6 39.4 41.3 42.9 43. 1 40.3 43.7 40.3 3 8.0 41. 1 42.6 41. 9 42.3 42. 1 42.2 42.8 42.3 42.3 43. 1 43.0 44.4 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products Dec. 1977 Nov. 1978P Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 40.7 43.3 40.2 38.9 41.5 43.2 42.6 3.0 4.7 2. 5 1.9 2. 9 3.3 4.2 3. 1 4.8 2.8 1.9 2.9 3.8 4.3 3.3 5.4 3.5 1. 8 3.4 3.9 3. 9 3. 0 4. 9 2.9 1.7 3.2 3. 8 4. 0 42.8 42.7 41. 8 42.0 3. 0 4. 5 3.4 3. 6 4. 6 3.4 3.9 5.4 3.8 3.7 4.8 3.7 43.5 43.2 45.7 44.3 43.4 48. 5 44. 0 43.7 46. 0 43.8 4. 1 3. 7 5.7 4. 1 3. 7 6.2 4.8 3. 7 8. 9 4.4 3.7 6. 9 42.2 3. 5 4.2 1. 9 3. 5 4.4 2.4 4. 0 6. 1 2.3 3. 8 5. 8 2. 1 4.3 3. 1 3. 5 4.0 3.2 3.4 4.4 3. 6 3.6 4.7 3. 5 3.5 2.0 3.4 1. 8 2. 0 1.3 1.9 2. 1 1.9 3. 1 1. 8 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.7 2. 8 1.4 1.3 1. 6 2.0 2.3 1. 6 2. 8 1.2 1. 1 1.4 2. 1 2. 6 Dec. 1978p 29 291 295 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS 30 301 302 303,4 41. 1 42.6 38.4 41.3 42.5 39. 1 41.3 44.3 38.7 41. 5 44. 9 3 9. 0 306 307 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 41. 9 41.0 40.9 40. 9 41.5 41.0 41.3 41.0 40.8 41.9 41.0 40.8 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 37.6 40.2 37.4 3 8. 6 35.6 36.5 37. 8 37.4 40.3 37.3 38.6 36.0 34.4 37.5 37. 1 39. 1 36.9 38. 1 35.8 36.9 36.7 37. 1 39.4 36.6 37. 6 35.7 37.3 38.2 37. 1 40.2 40.2 40. 1 40. 0 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 p Dec. 1978 p 40.2 Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: 4011 Class I railroads 2 . . * . * . , 44.3 43.3 44. 1 411 413 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation 34.0 40.7 36.4 34.2 41. 1 35. 5 34.2 41. 6 38. 1 34.6 42. 0 38.5 42 421,3 422 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 40.3 40.4 3 9.6 41.3 41.4 40.0 40.5 40. 6 39.3 40. 1 40. 1 39.7 46 PIPE LJNES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS 41. 0 41. 9 41.3 42.0 48 481 4817 4818 483 COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees Line construction employees 4 Radio and television broadcasting 40. 5 40. 9 37.0 46. 1 3 8. 1 3 9.9 40.2 36.0 45.5 37.8 39.7 40. 1 34. 1 44. 6 37.7 39.6 39.8 33.8 44.7 38.0 49 491 492 493 495 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . . . Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 41.7 41. 9 40. 8 41. 8 42.9 42.0 42.5 41.0 41.9 43.5 41.7 41.7 41. 1 42. 1 42.5 41.8 42.2 40. 9 42.0 41.4 41 3 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 50,51 50 501 502 503 504 32.9 33.4 32.7 32.6 33.0 WHOLESALE TRADE 3 8.8 3 9.0 39.0 38.9 39. 1 39.3 38.9 37.6 39.5 37.9 39.5 39.4 38. 1 39.4 38.5 3 9.4 38.6 38.0 39.8 37.6 39.4 38.8 38.2 39.7 37.7 WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods See footnotes at end of table. 121 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Nov. 1977 505 506 507 508 509 WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—Continued Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS . . . Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods RETAIL TRADE Dec. 1977 £254.40 $256.48 221.55 230.08 210.06 211.62 230.62 233.42 184.42 187.79 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P $272.55 243.04 222. 53 254.87 202.01 Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 274.91 240. 17 220. 99 254.23 205. 67 $6.36 5. 71 5.40 5.78 ^6.38 5. 81 5.44 5. 85 4. 84 Dec. 1978P 4. 79 210.31 233.68 219.82 182. 16 215.81 237.93 248.22 248. 16 175. 10 213.71 235.69 223.29 183.32 219.82 243.57 252.49 258.70 176.78 230. 95 265.35 238. 13 203.69 232.86 271.55 2 84.40 262.22 190.96 232.64 266.45 238.08 207. 75 235.78 267. 53 288.29 273.33 190. 12 5. 52 6.35 5. 68 5.06 5. 62 6. 18 6.30 6. 60 4. 62 122.53 124.58 13 1. 82 131.58 $133.42 166.50 185.72 129. 18 166.50 185.50 132.85 181. 54 201. 60 136.46 118. 90 123. 83 97.41 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P $6. 90 6.20 5.78 6.34 5.22 H. 89 6. 19 5. 77 6.34 5.22 6.3 1 6.36 6.79 4. 64 6.03 7.31 6.25 5.55 6.08 6. 84 7.20 7.03 4. 96 6.79 7.28 7.25 4.99 3. 94 3.93 4.28 4.30 181.71 202.29 136. 96 4.44 4. 69 3. 67 4.44 4.72 3. 67 4.79 5. 04 3. 99 4.82 5.07 4. 04 117.50 122. 11 3. 75 3.91 2. 99 2.97 68 83 99 96 4. 10 4.27 3.43 3.24 4. 08 4.24 3.41 3.20 96 12 Dec. 1978 p 5.42 5.58 4.04 5.58 6.37 6.09 7.28 521 525 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores 53 531 533 539 GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores 109.88 114.95 84.92 89.40 115. 18 120.26 91.79 92.65 94.2 8 95.50 94. 72 54 541 546 FOOD STORES Grocery stores Retail bakeries 158.72 165.38 107.53 159.71 165.89 110.70 169.69 176. 96 116.51 172.36 179. 68 117.56 4. 96 5. 12 3. 67 3.69 5.37 5. 53 3. 99 55 551, 2 553 554 AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 171.75 212.46 172.60 119.71 173.50 212.62 176.35 122. 15 187.62 231.39 183.56 130. 59 188.00 23 1. 17 184.50 13 1. 67 4.58 5.49 4.09 3.48 4. 59 5.48 4. 13 3. 51 4.99 6.01 4.51 3.71 5.00 6. 02 4.50 3.73 56 561 562 565 566 APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's and boys'clothing and furnishings Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 104.02 128.79 112. 140. 97. 109. 124. 99 51 65 56 68 110. 87 13 9. 00 95.63 106. 86 12 1. 80 3.55 4.05 3.25 3.30 3. 90 3. 54 4.07 3.26 3.29 3.93 3.83 4.31 114.27 110.45 137. 16 99. 10 101. 99 120.26 50 64 4.27 3.81 4.29 3.49 3. 61 4.20 571 572 573 FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores 158. 10 165. 90 173.26 128.54 167.61 173.88 172.89 148.01 172.48 175. 90 185. 13 155. 67 173. 68 179.01 188.27 150. 77 4. 53 4. 74 4.67 3. 86 4. 63 4.83 4. 66 4. 10 4. 90 4. 92 5. 04 5. 10 4.41 5. 10 5. 13 4.32 87.25 3.01 3.27 3.28 4. 19 3.93 4.20 3.94 3. 87 3. 82 3. 86 3. 65 3. 56 4.36 5.29 3.76 4. 63 4. 67 5. 02 5.03 4.00 3.91 4. 02 3. 93 4.28 4.20 4.29 4.21 4. 19 4.03 4.06 4. 50 4.34 4.40 4. 50 4.30 4.43 5.02 5.08 4. 77 5.06 5.32 5.32 5.-04 5.43 5.38 5.36 5. 16 5.48 4.29 , EATING AND DRINKING PLACES5 MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee 591 594 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE6 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks 92.30 95.37 81.35 81.87 88.29 125.00 111.81 110.72 152.06 206.52 123.00 129.31 114.98 118. 19 155.22 222.71 123.70 133. 66 120.26 12 1.37 164.22 216. 61 13 1. 88 168.53 169.99 183.73 182.59 146.00 142.72 146.73 143.45 156. 65 153.72 155. 73 152. 82 133.56 120. 96 118.04 163.68 22 1.43 132.72 61 612 614 CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions 152.99 146.25 148.27 153.35 145.89 149.41 166.05 157. 98 162.80 163. 80 153.51 162.58 63 631 632 633 INSURANCE CARRIERS Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 185. 13 186.48 179.55 185.61 186.74 187.45 180.78 187.73 198.97 196.3 1 191. 52 202. 54 199.60 197.25 195.56 202.76 See footnotes at end of table. 122 183.32 , 18 , 04 04 4.99 5. 04 4.75 5.03 3. 89 4. 83 5.54 4.20 4. 80 5.62 4.20 5. 05 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Average overtime hours Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 40.0 38.8 38.9 39.9 38.5 40.2 39.6 38.9 3 9.9 38.8 39.5 39.2 38.5 40.2 38.7 3 8. 1 36.8 38.7 36.0 38.4 38.5 39.4 37.6 37.9 38.3 37.0 38.9 3 6.3 38.7 38.6 3 9.7 3 8. 1 38. 1 38,3 36.3 38. 1 3 6.7 38.3 39.7 39.5 37.3 38.5 31.7 30.8 30. 6 521 525 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores 37.5 39.6 35.2 37. 5 39.3 36.2 37.9 40.0 34.2 37.7 39.9 33.9 53 531 533 539 GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Variety stores ' Misc. general merchandise stores 29.3 29.4 28.4 30. 1 31.3 31.4 30.7 3 1.3 29.0 2 9.0 28.4 29. 1 28. 8 28. 8 28.3 29.6 54 541 546 FOOD STORES Grocery stores Retail bakeries 32.0 32.3 29.3 32.2 32.4 30.0 3 1.6 32.0 29.2 3 1. 8 32.2 29. 1 55 551, 2 553 554 AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 37.5 3 8.7 42.2 34.4 37.8 3 8.8 42.7 34. 8 37.6 38.5 40.7 35.2 37. 6 38.4 41.0 35.3 56 561 562 565 APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores 2 9.3 3 1.8 28.4 28.9 29.3 31.2 33.7 30.4 31.0 30.6 2 9.5 32.6 27.9 30. 1 29.2 29. 1 32.4 27.4 29.6 29. 0 FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores 34.9 35.0 37. 1 33.3 36.2 3 6. 0 37. 1 36. 1 35.2 34.9 36.3 35.3 35.3 35. 1 36.7 34. 9 EATING AND DRINKING PLACES ' 27.3 27.2 27.0 26. 6 MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee 32.3 30.3 3 1. 1 35.2 40. 1 32.2 33.5 3 1. 5 33.2 35.6 42. 1 32.9 3 1.9 30.6 31.2 34.0 39. 1 31.4 Nov. 1978 P 38.2 36. 6 38.4 3 6. 9 38.4 3 9.4 3 9. 6 37. 7 3 1. 1 Dec. 1977 3 9. 9 38.8 38.3 40. 1 39.4 31. 8 30. 7 30. 5 34. 1 39.4 3 1. 6 505 506 507 508 509 WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—Continued Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment . Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods RETAIL TRADE 566 571 572 573 59 591 594 596 598 599 ., Shoe stores FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 6 60 602 CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS Savings ar,d loan associations Personal credit institutions 63 631 632 633 INSURANCE CARRIERS Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 36.4 .. Dec. 19781 Nov. 1977 Oct. 1978 Dec. 1978 P 38. 1 36.4 36.6 36.3 36.5 36.5 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks 61 612 614 Nov. 1978p 36.5 36.5 3 6.6 3 6.6 36.3 36.3 36.6 36.2 36.7 36.6 36.2 36.8 36.9 36.4 37.0 36.4 35. 7 36.7 37. 1 37.0 37.8 36.9 37.2 36.9 37.9 37. 1 37.4 36.9 38.0 37.3 3 1. 1 37. 1 36.3 36. 8 37.9 37.0 See footnotes at end of table. 123 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry — Continued Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings 1972 SIC Code Industry Nov. 1977 SERVICES . Oct. 1978 $157.26 . . Dec. 1977 $158.40 $167.42 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978? $167. 24 $168.22 Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 $4.78 $4.80 $5. 12 $5. 13 3.40 Dec. 1978P 3.48 3.69 3.72 3.51 3.79 3.54 3.72 3.80 3.78 3. 84 3.83 - 4. 88 6.77 4.24 5.44 4. 90 6.81 4.20 5.49 5.22 7.28 4.59 6. 04 5.22 7. 17 4.53 5.94 _ _ - 4.72 5. 13 4.78 5. 18 5.08 5.51 5. 13 5.58 - Oct. 1978 Nov. P 1978 $5. 16 701 HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES: Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 104.38 105. 10 116.24 114.20 721 723 PERSONAL SERVICES. Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 121.45 121.28 122.48 121.27 131.86 119-45 132.86 120. 65 73 731 734 737 BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services 160.06 162.68 245.07 247.20 119. 14 118.44 199.65 202.58 170.69 259. 17 124.85 219.25 170. 17 259.55 124. 12 2 15. 62 75 753 AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES Automotive repair shops 176.06 201.61 178.29 205.65 188.47 212. 14 189.30 215. 95 - 76 MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES 230.84 236.70 251.54 2 54.82 - 5.80 5.83 6. 15 6.20 - 78 781 MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services 179.76 321.86 179.47 311.71 208.03 401. 94 200.44 376.09 - 6.22 8.77 6.21 8.54 7.51 10. 69 7.21 10. 11 - 79 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES 138. 15 137.86 148. 15 148.35 - 4.50 4.52 4.81 4. 88 - 80 801 802 805 806 HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals 147. 93 155.57 132.31 102.28 161.90 148.91 157.74 134.21 103.56 162.10 161.53 168.81 138.36 113.20 176.64 161.70 170. 01 136.59 113. 15 177. 14 4.51 4.70 4.61 3.31 4.79 4.54 4.78 4. 66 3.33 4.81 4.88 5. 10 4.69 3.64 5. 18 4. 90 5.09 4.71 3.65 5.21 81 LEGAL SERVICES 203 65 205 7 1 2 18 32 2 17 90 5 92 5 98 6 44 6 39 89 891 893 MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping 264.65 287. 17 226.42 266.81 288.75 227.02 281.96 301.84 245.05 280.42 302.64 239. 14 6.91 7.27 5. 99 6.93 7.31 5. 99 7.42 7.84 6.50 7.36 7.78 6.36 . .. .. 1 For coverage of series, „see footnote ., table B-2. 1, _ _ a Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more 3 Data relate service assistants; up 20 percent of earnings data. Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1977, such employees made the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft 124 _ - - - _ - - - arsons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and laborers. In 1977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. • 5 Money payments only; tips, not included. 6 Data for nonoffice sales agent:; excluded from all series in this division. * Notavailbale. p= preliminary. " Data for class I Railroads (SIC 4011) are: August 1978—$342,27. $7.64 and 44.8. Septembei 1978—$324.41, $8.01 and 40.5. ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued Average overtime hours Average weekly hours 1972 SIC Code Nov. 1977 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P 33. 0 32. 7 32. 6 30.2 31. 5 34.6 32.6 34. 7 31.6 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978P Dec. 1978P 30.7 34. 6 32.0 Nov. 1977 32.6 30.7 HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES: Hotels, motels, and tourist courts Oct. 1978 32. 9 SERVICES Dec. 1977 34.6 31. 5 721 723 PERSONAL SERVICES: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 73 731 734 737 BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services 32. 8 36.2 28. 1 36.7 33.2 36.3 28.2 36.9 32. 7 35.6 27.2 36.3 32.6 36.2 27.4 36.3 75 753 AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES 37.3 39.3 37.3 39.7 37. 1 38.5 36.9 38.7 39. 8 40. 6 40.9 41. 1 28.9 36. 7 28.9 36. 5 27.7 37.6 27. 8 37.2 30. 7 30. 5 30. 8 30.4 32. 8 33. 1 28. 7 30. 9 33.8 32. 8 33.0 28.8 31. 1 33. 7 33. 1 33. 1 29.5 31. 1 34. 1 33.0 33.4 29.0 31.0 34. 0 34.4 34. 4 33.9 34. 1 38.3 39. 5 37. 8 38. 5 39. 5 37.9 38. 0 38.5 37. 7 38. 1 38. 9 37.6 ... Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES 78 781 MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services 80 801 802 805 806 AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals LEGAL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .... 125 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government [Employment in thousands-includes both sucx3rvisory and nonsupervisory employees] 1977 Oct. Nov. 1978 Dec. Jan. Feb. Apr. Mar. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Executive Branch Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours . . . Indexes (1967=100): Average weekly earnings . . Average hourly earnings . . . 2, 662.5 2, 664.3 2, 673. 1 2, 659. 5 39.4 40. 0 39.6 39. 8 1.2 1.2 1. 6 1. 1 226. 9 224. 6 225. 9 225. 9 230. 5 227. 0 229.0 227. 8 2, 668.2 2 , 6 7 2 . 9 2, 686. 7 39.6 3 9. 9 3 9. 9 1.2 1. 1 1. 1 230.2 227.3 227.4 226.2 2 , 7 0 2 . 9 2 , 7 4 7 . 5 2 , 7 6 0 . 3 2, 738. 5 39.5 39.6 39.7 39. 8 1.2 1. 1 1.2 1. 1 2, 691. 9 2, 694. 5 39. 9 39- 5 1 3 1 3 226. 5 225.4 226. 0 225.4 226. 5 225.4 227. 7 225.4 226. 8 225. 1 230. 0 229- 5 242. 0 238. 9 Department of Defense Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours . . . Indexes (1967=100): Average weekly earnings . . Average hourly earnings . . . 907. 8 39. 9 . 9 909. 8 39. 8 . 9 907.7 40. 0 . 8 906.4 39. 9 . 7 906. 0 40. 1 . 8 905. 6 40.0 .9 905.4 40. 1 . 9 911.3 40.0 . 9 924. 8 40. 0 1. 0 927. 1 40. 1 .9 918. 6 40. 1 1. 0 905. 4 39. 7 1. 2 905. 8 39. 9 1. 0 217.4 219, 6 220. 9 223. 7 220.4 222. 1 221. 8 224.0 222.3 223.4 22 1. 5 223.2 222. 1 223.2 222. 0 223.7 221. 5 223.2 220.4 221. 5 221.2 222. 3 223. 3 226. 7 2 32. 5 234. 9 Postal Service Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours . . . Indexes (1967=100): Average weekly earnings . . Average hourly earnings . . . 649.2 41.2 2. 0 650.2 39. 8 1. 5 668.2 41. 8 3. 5 645. 6 41. 1 2. 5 646. 9 41. 5 2. 1 647. 6 40.4 1.7 647. 9 40. 1 1. 5 648.3 39.9 1. 5 648. 3 40. 0 1. 6 647. 5 40.2 1. 8 649. 0 39.9 1. 5 6 51. 9 39- 7 1 8 646. 9 41. 5 2 3 259. 0 242. 7 2 53. 4 245. 7 271. 7 250. 9 253. 9 249. 9 266. 5 247. 9 258.5 247.0 256.2 246. 6 254. 3 246.0 2 59.7 2 50. 6 261. 9 251. 5 260.3 251. 8 259. 3 2 52. 1 278. 7 259- 5 Other Agencies Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours . . . Indexes (1967=100): Average weekly earnings . . Average hourly earnings . . . 1, 105. 5 1, 104.3 1, 097.2 1, 107. 5 38. 8 38. 8 38. 5 38. 9 1. 1 1. 1 1. 0 . 9 2 16. 6 216. 6 215. 4 2 14. 9 216. 1 2 16. 1 216. 6 2 18.3 1, 115.3 1, 119.7 1, 133.4 38.8 38. 9 3 8. 9 1.0 1.0 1.0 217. 6 217. 1 NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from agencies with 2500 or more employees in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both super- 215. 1 215. 1 214. 1 213. 6 1, 143.3 1, 174.4 1, 185. 7 1, 170. 9 38. 8 39.0 39.3 39.3 1.0 1. 0 1. 1 1. 2 213.4 213.4 2 12. 0 210. 9 214. 6 211. 9 213.4 2 10. 6 . 1. 134. 6 1 141.8 39. 1 39- 0 1. 2 1. 1 218. 3 216. 6 229. 1 228.0 . visory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all workers in the Executive Branch regardless o1 the size of the agency. C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings excluding overtime ' Major industry group Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 $5. 60 $5. 67 $6. 04 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 5. 97 5. 03 4. 32 5. 67 7. 37 5.8] 6. 15 5. 36 7. 13 5.26 4. 32 6. 04 5. 04 4. 35 5. 70 7. 40 5.84 6.20 5. 44 7. 26 5. 33 4. 40 6. 5. 4. 6. 8. 6. 6. 5. 7. 5. 4. 44 49 61 11 01 19 60 75 71 59 60 6. 49 5.47 4. 64 6. 16 8. 09 6.24 6. 64 5. 76 7. 75 5. 64 4. 65 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . Leather and leather products 5. 03 5.25 5. 51 3.94 3. 63 5.84 (2) 6.41 7. 56 5. 03 3.59 5. 09 5. 33 5. 61 3.96 3. 70 5.89 (2) 6. 46 7. 63 5. 08 3. 60 5.41 5. 61 5.87 4.23 3. 94 6.29 (2) 6.89 8.23 5. 40 3.85 5.46 5. 69 6. 02 4.2 5 3. 95 6. 36 (2) 6.92 8. 32 5.45 3. 90 Nov. 1977 MANUFACTURING 1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. Not available*as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect. 2 126 p=preliminary. 1978H £6.09 $6. 16 6. 56 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division in current and 1967 dollars Spendable average weekly earnings2 Gross average weekly earnings Worker with no dependents Industry Nov. 1977 TOTAL PRIVATE: Current dollars . . . 1967 dollars $193.86 104. 56 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P $210. 37 $210. 104.82 104. 15 14 Nov. 1977 Oct. 1978 $ 1 6 0 . 2 1 $170. 19 84. 80 86.41 Nov. 1978 P Married worker with 3 dependents Nov. 1977 Oct. 1978 $170. 03 $176. 53 $185. 71 95. 22 84.26 92. 53 Nov. 1978 P $185. 55 9 1 . 95 MINING: Current dollars 1967 dollars 317. 80 171.41 348.29 173. 54 351. 35 174. 11 242.55 130. 83 262. 51 130. 80 264. 62 131. 13 268. 02 144. 56 288.08 143. 54 290. 42 143. 9-1 CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars 1967 dollars 298. 19 160. 84 336. 55 167. 69 323.60 160. 36 229. 123. 254. 64 126.88 246. 44 122. 12 254. 33 137. 18 279. 139. 15 09 269. 133. 83 71 MANUFACTURING: Current dollars . 1967 dollars 238. 10 128. 43 256. 59 12 7.85 260. 53 129. 10 190. 93 102. 98 202. 100. 30 80 204.93 101. 55 209. 76 113. 14 220.42 109. 83 223. 110. 45 73 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: Current dollars 1967 dollars 291.45 157.20 309. 57 154.2 5 309.20 153.22 225. 35 121. 55 237.33 118. 25 237. 09 117.49 249.59 134.62 259. 74 129.42 2 59. 4 7 128. 58 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: Current dollars 1967 dollars 144. 10 77. 72 156. 31 77.88 156.48 77. 54 123.27 66. 49 130.82 65. 18 130. 95 64. 89 135.67 73. 18 144. 18 71.84 144. 31 7 1 . 51 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Current dollars 1967 dollars 168. 53 90. 90 183.73 9 1 . 54 182. 59 90.48 141. 76 76.46 151. 02 7 5.25 150. 20 74. 43 156. 54 84.43 165. 50 82. 46 164. 62 8 1 . 58 SERVICES: Current dollars 1967 dollars 157. 26 84.82 167.42 83.42 167.24 82.87 133. 16 71.82 139. 15 69. 33 139. 02 68.89 147. 67 79. 65 152.84 76. 15 152.70 75. 67 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPl-W, All items, 1967=100) 1 185.4 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. - Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production or nonsupervisory jobs, both full-time and part-time, and then deducting social security and Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of this publication). The data for spendable earnings for the seven month period June-December 1977 are calcu- 200. 7 201. 8 74 92 NOTE: The Consumer Price 1 ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is an est mate of the average change in the prices of goods and services pure hased by those consumers, and is used to deflate the current dollar v values shown. A major revision in the Consumer Price Index (revised CPI-W) was introduced with data for January 1978. Data prior to January 1978 in 1967 dollars are based on the unrevised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clericai Workers (unrevised CPI-W). lated from formulas which concentrate the full year's effect of tax reduction in those seven months. A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series is available on request. p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only). 127 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group [1967=100] Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. P 1978 Dec. P 1978 Industry division and group Hours 118.2 TOTAL PRIVATE 119.3 123. 1 123.2 124. 5 103. 7 102. 7 1.10. 1 109. 8 109. 8 MINING 141.7 106. 5 148.3 149. 7 148.4 CONSTRUCTION 112.3 106.4 136. 5 128. 1 123. 2 MANUFACTURING 100. 8 101. 9 104. 1 105. 1 106. 1 102.1 111.° 109.3 110.4 90. 8 101. 7 106.4 100.4 95.8 117.0 102.4 104. 1 112.3 111.9 108. 1 92.2 103.4 110. 1 101. 7 100. 8 118. 8 98.3 107.2 116. 7 110.9 114. 7 96. 5 105. 1 113.3 103.0 102.6 125. 1 107.2 108. 5 113.6 111. 0 114. 7 98. 7 106. 5 115. 8 104. 8 104. 6 127. 9 106. 5 110.3 113. 0 112. 9 112.4 100.2 108. 8 119. 5 106. 0 108.2 . 131.0 101. 8 99.0 96.0 87. 0 94.3 92.7 99.8 97.9 104.2 118. 8 143. 8 71. 1 98.6 94.0 86. 1 93. 8 91. 1 101. 3 99.6 105.2 117.6 144.2 69.6 99. 5 97. 8 84. 0 92. 0 91. 1 99.4 99. 1 106. 6 126. 0 150.6 68. 5 100.2 95.9 84. 1 93. 0 92. 0 102. 3 101. 3 107.4 125.0 152. 5 68. 1 100.0 94.6 82.9 93.2 90.4 102. 5 104. 3 107.4 124. 0 155.0 128.3 130. 9 132. 1 132. 5 134. 7 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 107.7 108. 1 110. 5 110. 7 111. 8 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . 124.9 130. 5 128.2 129.4 133. 8 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 122. 9 125.7 124.0 133.0 128.4 128.2 128.6 129. 7 129.3 135.6 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 133.0 133.4 140. 3 140.2 140. 8 SERVICES 141.0 141. 3 145. 1 144. 8 144. 7 GOODS-PRODUCING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products. . Furniture and fixtures Stone clay and glass products . Fabricated metal products Machinery except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment . . . ... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Leather and leather products SERVICE-PRODUCING For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. 128 .. .... . . 66. 9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group—Continued Nov. 1977 Dec. 1977 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Dec. 1978P Industry division and group Payrolls TOTAL PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING 238. 1 240. 6 269.2 270.0 273. 9 2 15.5 2 14.2 249.4 249.4 251.5 MINING 3 19.7 226.2 370. 8 377.7 3 74. 7 CONSTRUCTION 225.7 214.5 2 94. 6 276.8 268.0 MANUFACTURING 208.8 213.7 233.0 237.3 242.5 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment . . . . Transportation equipment Instruments and related products . . . . Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 212.9 248,4 210.6 234.2 209.6 207.7 215.5 201.0 211.2 223.4 194.9 2 19. 9 250.2 2 17.5 230.4 2 14.2 2 12. 5 226.0 207. 1 225.2 230.4 190.3 241. 6 284.6 227. 8 263. 8 243.3 228. 9 246.6 22 1.2 245. 1 2 54. 1 2 17. 5 246.5 275. 1 228.6 265. 1 251.3 233.8 254. 1 225.8 251.7 261. 6 2 17.8 253.5 273.8 234. 8 259.9 256.7 241.5 265.4 232. 1 263.3 272.7 211.7 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products . . . Paper and allied products Printing and publishing . , Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 201.7 201.0 221. 1 189.3 169.2 2 14.7 186.9 223.9 264.3 275.4 126.9 203. 1 199.5 222.3 188.7 169.0 220.2 190. 6 228.2 264.3 278.5 124.4 2 18.4 2 18. 5 221. 6 197.6 180.0 231.2 198.9 246. 9 305.4 3 10.2 130. 6 221. 7 217.3 229.2 201.2 183.0 240.3 204.5 249.4 305.2 316. 6 131.3 223.7 216. 1 233.2 202.8 181.4 243. 1 212.0 250. 9 307. 1 327. 8 129.3 SERVICE-PRODUCING 257.7 263.3 286.2 287.8 293.2 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 241.5 243. 6 263.8 264.5 2 69. 1 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 243.0 253.7 272. 1 275.4 2 84. 8 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 237.0 246.5 241. 9 260.4 270.3 273. 0 271. 8 277.5 275.7 289.8 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 238.5 241.0 272. 8 273.0 275.2 SERVICES 2 94.2 2 96.3 324.4 324.6 326.3 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. p=preliminary. 129 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privated nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 1977 1978 Industry Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. May Apr. June July Aug. Sept. 36. 0 36.1 35.9 35.9 35.9 35.8 35.8 35.9 35.8 35.8 43.2 44. 0 43.4 43.4 43.0 43.6 43.0 43. 0 43. 2 44. 0 36. 9 36. 7 36. 9 40. 5 40. 7 40. 6 MINING 42.9 CONSTRUCTION 36.2 34.3 35.6 36.9 37.3 36.6 37.3 37.3 37. 1 37. 0 MANUFACTURING 40.5 39.8 40. 1 40.6 40.8 40.4 40.5 40. 5 40.3 40.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 40.7 41.3 41.4 41.0 41.2 41.2 41.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 4. 0 3. 7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 41. 1 3. 6 41.2 3. 6 3.8 41.4 41. 3 3.8 3. 9 4. 0 4. 1 . . NONDURABLE GOODS . . . 40.0 39.6 41.3 41.6 41.2 41.9 40.5 42.4 40.5 38.6 39.3 38.4 40.0 41.4 40.3 41. 1 39.7 41.6 40.4 38.0 39.6 40.0 40.9 41.6 40.7 41.8 40.0 40.9 40. 6 38.3 39.9 40. 1 41.8 41.5 41.3 42.3 40.6 42. 1 41.3 39.0 40.2 39.5 40.0 39.8 39.3 39.6 40. 1 40. 0 39. 7 40.1 42.0 41.5 41.4 42.3 40.4 42.4 41.4 39. 1 39.4 41.6 41.7 41. 1 42. 1 40.2 41.8 40.8 38.8 39.5 41. 9 41.8 41.0 42.3 40.2 42.0 40.8 38.8 39.3 41.7 41.8 41. 0 42.2 40. 7 42. 1 40. 7 38.8 39.0 41.6 42. 0 40.9 41.8 40.4 41.8 41. 0 39. 0 38.8 41.8 41.8 40. 9 41. 9 40. 1 42.5 40. 9 39. 0 39. 0 41.8 42. 1 39- 2 42. 0 42. 5 39. 3 42. 0 42. 3 40. 8 42. 0 40. 3 42. 6 40. 9 38.8 41. 0 42. 2 40. 4 42. 9 40. 8 38.8 41.2 42. 1 40. 3 42. 3 40. 9 39. 1 39.4 Lumber and wood products . . . Furniture and fixtures Stone clay and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products . Machinery except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing jnd Overtime hours 3.7 40.4 3.8 Overtime hours 3.5 41.2 DURABLE GOODS Dec.P 43. 7 35.5 42.8 Overtime hours Nov.P 35.7 35.9 TOTAL PRIVATE Oct. 38.8 39. 1 39.7 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.4 39. 3 39. 5 39. 5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3. 1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 39. 8 38.6 40.2 35.8 42.9 37.6 41.8 43. 9 40.9 37.2 39.5 37.7 40.4 35.6 42.7 37.4 41. 9 44. 3 40.9 37. 1 39.5 37.9 40.4 35. 7 42. 7 37.8 41.8 43.8 41. 0 37.2 39.9 36.7 40. 3 35.2 42. 6 37. 7 41. 9 43. 9 41. 0 37. 1 39.9 37. 4 40. 4 35. 7 43. 1 37.8 42. 0 43. 7 41.2 36.9 40. 1 . 39.6 39.9 40. 1 40. 1 40. 0 40. 0 32.8 32. 9 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.8 32. 7 38. 9 30. 9 38. 9 3 0. 8 39.9 38. 0 40.5 35.9 42.9 37.6 41.7 43.4 40.6 37.0 39.7 37.6 40.3 33.7 42.5 37.4 41.6 43. 1 40.2 36.5 39.7 38.3 40.3 35.5 42.5 37.4 41.6 42.8 39.8 36.4 40.0 38.9 40.8 36.0 43.4 38. 0 42. 1 43. 3 40.7 37. 1 40. 1 38.7 40.9 36.3 43.5 37. 9 42. 0 43.6 41.3 38. 1 39.8 38.7 40.5 35.9 42. 9 37.3 41.9 42.9 41. 1 37.6 39.6 39.6 40. 3 35.8 42. 9 37.5 41. 9 43.4 41. 1 37.4 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 40.0 40.0 40. 1 40.4 40. 0 40.2 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 33. 1 32.7 32.7 33.0 33.0 32.9 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc plastics products Leather and leather products 3. 4 39.7 38. 0 40. 4 3 5.8 42.8 37. 7 41. 7 43. 7 41. 5 36. 7 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 38.8 31.4 38.7 30. 9 38.7 30.9 38.9 31.2 39.0 31.2 38.7 31. 1 38.8 31.0 38.7 31.1 38.8 30. 9 39.0 30.9 38. 9 31. 0 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE . 36.4 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.7 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.5 36.5 36. 6 36. 3 36. 3 32.8 32.8 32. 7 32. 6 SERVICES For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. 130 33.0 33. 0 32.9 33. 0 33.0 32.9 p=preliminary. 32.8 32.8 32.7 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 1977 1978 Industry division and group Mar. Feb. Apr. Dec. Jan. 117. 5 116.2 117. 1 119. 1 120. 4 101.6 99.3 100. 9 103. 6 106. 0 MINING 107. 8 105. 6 106. 8 111. 3 CONSTRUCTION 108. 6 100. 3 104. 2 111. 5 MANUFACTURING 100.2 98. 9 100. 1 102. 0 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind 101. 7 114. 5 108. 9 109. 0 91. 9 101. 1 106.2 98.6 95.7 116. 0 99. 0 100. 5 113. 2 106. 1 106.4 92. 2 99.4 104. 6 97.3 94. 9 116. 3 97.4 101. 9 114. 0 111. 1 108.4 93.4 101.4 107. 1 98.8 93.7 117. 5 99.0 103. 9 114. 3 112. 5 111. 0 92. 8 102. 9 109. 4 101. 2 97.2 120. 5 102. 0 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 97.9 94.6 78. 7 93.0 91. 1 99.6 96.7 104. 5 119. 8 142. 1 69. 6 96. 5 94. 5 77. 9 92.6 85. 6 98. 7 96.7 104.4 119. 9 141. 0 68. 0 97.4 94. 7 79.4 92.5 90. 1 99. 1 96.9 104. 8 119. 0 140. 1 67. 8 128. 5 127. 9 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 106. 9 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . 124. 7 TOTAL PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING SERVICE-PRODUCING Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 120.6 120. 4 120. 8 121. 6 122. 3 106. 1 105. 4 105. 5 106. 5 107. 9 108. 7 144. 0 143. 5 145. 7 144. 4 145.2 147. 8 149. 9 117. 1 122. 8 124.2 122. 8 122. 6 123.8 123. 9 125. 7 102. 5 101. 6 101. 7 101. 6 101. 0 101. 2 102. 1 103. 7 104. 3 104. 115. 112. 112. 92. 103. 110. 100. 97. 121. 102. 2 0 5 7 9 5 1 4 5 7 6 103. 5 111. 8 110. 3 111, 4 93. 9 103. 3 109. 5 99. 8 96.6 120. 8 101. 5 103. 8 113. 6 109. 5 112.4 94. 1 102.4 111.3 99. 8 95. 8 122.4 101.4 104. 0 112. 3 108. 3 111, 1 94.4 102. 0 112. 1 101. 8 96.2 123.6 99.8 103. 5 110. 7 106. 4 109, 8 95.3 101. 8 110. 8 101. 1 96. 1 123. 9 100. 6 103. 9 111. 6 106. 2 110, 1 95. 5 102. 0 111. 5 100. 1 97.7 123. 9 100. 3 105. 5 113. 9 107. 5 110.8 96.9 103. 1 113.6 101.4 100.4 124. 5 100. 9 107. 114. 108. 112. 107. 8 115. 0 109. 7 113. 3 99.9 106.4 115. 3 102.8 102. 7 127. 8 102. 6 99.2 96.2 82. 0 93. 7 91.6 101. 6 99. 3 106. 0 121.3 144. 5 69. 1 99. 9 96.4 80. 2 93.4 93.2 102.4 99. 1 106. 5 122. 1 147. 3 71. 3 98.9 94.6 81.5 92.6 91. 9 101, 9 98.2 106. 9 118.4 146.6 70.4 98. 7 94. 0 84. 1 91. 8 91. 4 101,9 98.6 106. 9 120.4 147. 0 70. 1 98. 1 93.6 78, 6 91.5 90. 1 101. 9 99. 1 106,6 121.2 146.2 67. 1 97. 2 91.4 71. 5 91.2 90. 1 99. 2 98. 3 106. 0 123. 2 145.4 69. 1 97. 91. 74. 91. 90. 99. 97. 106. 122. 145. 69. 2 3 5 8 1 0 8 0 7 0 6 128.4 129. 8 130. 5 130. 5 130. 7 130. 7 130. 8 107. 0 107. 7 109. 1 108. 7 109. 0 109. 4 106. 5 123. 7 124. 2 125. 9 126.4 126. 8 126. 8 127.4 May June July 120. 0 120. 6 105. 1 106. 0 144. 2 143. 1 118. 8 88. 7 98.2 98. 5 106.2 123. 0 147. 0 68.8 90. 1 100. 9 100. 2 106.8 123. 3 150. 0 67. 5 90. 5 100. 7 101.4 106. 6 126. 0 152. 9 66. 5 131. 4 132. 0 132. 3 132.2 107. 7 108. 2 109.9 110.2 110. 6 127.2 127. 5 128.2 128.4 127.8 127.4 128. 5 128. 0 128. 5 128.2 127.7 140. 5 140. 6 141. 0 145. 0 145. 5 145. 5 123. 1 123. 9 123. 9 124. 4 125. 3 126. 1 126. 0 126. 6 125.2 127. 3 126. 1 127. 0 125. 7 128. 0 126. 1 127. 7 127. 1 12 7. 7 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 133. 9 134. 3 135. 1 135.4 137.5 136.2 137. 9 139. 0 139. 2 139. 6 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. 1 141. 7 141. 8 143. 3 144. 1 143. 8 143. 9 144. 1 144. 1 145. 1 98. 94. 73. 92. 122. 5 99. 3 95.3 76. 1 92.3 123. 0 125. 4 142. 99. 5 104.8 114. 4 102.4 102. 8 126. 0 101. 5 Dec.P 7 3 5 3 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE . . . . SERVICES 97.2 92.2 73. 5 91. 6 1 8 6 7 P p=preliminary. 131 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-9. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 1977 1978 Industry Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. $5.71 7.85 8.66 6.18 $5.73 7.88 8.72 6.20 Sept. Oct. Nov. p Dec P Average hourly earnings TOTAL PRIVATE MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES $5.41 $5.46 6.75 8.24 5.88 6.84 8.30 5.93 . . . $5.49 6.92 8.35 5.98 $5.54 6.94 8.47 6.01 $5.61 7.63 8.47 6.05 $5 7 8. 6. 62 66 59 08 $5.66 7.71 8.65 6.12 $5. 7. 8. 6. 77 88 75 25 $5. 7. 8. 6. 82 $5. 8. 8. 6. .99 77 32 86 02 83 37 $5. 8. 8. 6. 90 03 89 41 7.28 7.34 7.38 7.40 7.49 7. 50 7.52 7.53 7.58 7. 65 7. 66 7. 7. 77 4.42 4.51 4.50 4.55 4.60 4 60 4.63 4.67 4. 70 4 . 73 4 . 77 4. 81 4 . 83 4.68 4.78 4.72 4.86 4.71 4.87 4.75 4.90 4.84 4.95 4 84 4 . 94 4.89 4.96 4.95 5.01 4.92 5.02 4 . 98 5. 05 S. 5. 10 S. On 5. 11 5. 06 5. 14 2 08 . 94 209 . 7 9 104 . 11 21 . 2 2 Average weekly earnings TOTAL PRIVATE: Current dollars 1967 dollars 2 194.22 104.42 Real spendable earnings (married worker with 3 dependents, 1967 dollars)2. 3 95.06 193.83 195.99 103.38 103.86 92.41 92.70 199.44 202.52 104.86 105.59 93.33 93.76 2 0 1 76 104. 2 1 92. 59 203. 19 204.99 104.04 104.43 92.33 92. 55 205.13 206. 57 103.92 103. 91 92.09 9 1 . 98 104 . 2 6 92 . 14 91 . 9 5 - 3 1 See footnote 2, p= preliminary. For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. A major revision in the CPI was introduced beginning with the January 1978 data (see note on table C-5, and Explanatory Notes). 5 C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers1 in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division Millions of noun (Annual rate) 2 Industry division OCTOBER 1978 TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR . . MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private Economy and Major Sectors. 132 163,684 133,509 2,010 8,315 42,598 26,046 16,552 10,211 33,662 9,010 27,703 30,175 NOVEMRER 1978p ]65,135 134,162 2,050 8,303 43,120 26,388 16,732 10,263 33,652 9,024 27,751 30,973 Percent change DECEMBER 1978p D e c . 1977 to Dec. 1978 165,266 134,601 2,066 4.2 4.6 36.3 8,505 43,410 26,573 16,837 10,318 33,497 9,042 27,763 30,665 13.7 4.0 5.7 1.4 4.4 2.9 5.2 3.1 2.3 Oct. 1978 to Nov. 1 9 7 8 0.9 0.5 1.9 -0.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.6 Nov. 1 9 7 8 to Dec. 1978 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -1.0 J "Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent. PRODUCTIVITY SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted [1967= 100] Quarterly indexes Annual average 1976 1977 II III IV 115.4 126.0 108.3 190.9 114.1 165.4 156.7 162.4 116.1 126.2 108.7 194.8 115.0 167.7 158.3 164.5 117.1 127.1 108.5 199.3 116.1 170.1 159.0 166.3 117.2 127.6 108.9 203.6 117.3 173.8 158.4 168.5 115.8 133.6 115.4 209.3 115.3 180.8 162.6 174.6 113.0 125.2 110.8 187.6 112.1 166.0 153.7 161.8 114.4 126.9 110.9 191.7 113.1 167.5 155.5 163.4 115.2 127.7 110.9 195.8 114.1 170.1 157.4 165.7 Compensation per hour . . . . . . . Real compensation per hour . . . Un : t labor costs 123.2 119.3 96.8 195.1 114.4 158.3 126.1 126.9 100.6 212.2 116.9 168.3 121.8 117.8 96.7 189.1 113.0 155.3 123.3 119.2 96.7 193.7 114.4 157.1 DURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons . . Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 118.3 113.3 95.8 196.9 115.5 166.5 120.5 121.4 100.8 214.3 118.0 177.9 116.6 110.8 95.0 191.5 114.4 164.2 NONDURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons . .. Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 131.3 129.1 98.4 192.7 113.0 146.8 135.3 135.7 100.3 208.6 115.0 154.2 NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS: Output per all-employee hour . . . Output Hours Compensation per hour „ Real compensation per hour Total unit costs Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor costs Unit profits , Implicit price deflator 115.5 133.8 115.8 192.4 112.9 172.0 166.5 188.8 112.7 163.2 116.9 141.0 120.6 208.0 114.6 182.0 177.9 194.5 120.2 172.8 1976 1977 PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons . . . Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator 116.4 126.5 108.7 197.0 115.6 169.3 158.1 165.4 118.4 133.2 112.6 213.0 117.4 180.2 164.7 174.9 NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons . . . Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator 114.4 127.0 111.0 193.7 113.6 169.4 156.0 164.8 1978 II III IV II 117.9 130. 110. 207. 117. 176. 160. 170.6 117.4 132.5 112.9 210.5 116.4 179.3 164.0 174.0 118.9 134.2 112.9 215.3 117.6 181.1 167.0 176.3 119.0 135.5 113.9 218.8 118.2 183.9 167.8 178.4 117.6 135.3 115.0 225.2 119.3 191.4 162.1 181.3 118.0 138.7 117.6 229.6 118.6 194.6 171.3 186.6 119.0 139.7 117.4 235.3 119.0 197.8 175.3 190.0 114.9 128.1 111.5 199.9 115.1 173.9 157.2 168.2 115.6 131.0 113.3 203.9 115.1 176.4 157.7 170.0 115.2 133.0 115.5 207.1 114.5 179.8 161.7 173.6 116. 134. 115. 211. 115. 181. 166. 176.4 116.4 135.8 116.7 215.1 116.2 184.8 165.1 178.1 115.5 136.1 117.8 221.4 117.3 191.7 159.2 180.6 116.0 139.8 120.6 225.8 116.6 194.7 167.1 185.3 116.6 140.5 120.5 231.0 116.9 198. 171. 189.1 124.1 120.0 96.7 196.9 114.7 158.7 123.9 120.3 97.1 200.9 115.7 162.2 123.7 122.6 .99.1 205.6 116.1 166.3 125.6 126.6 100.7 209.7 116.0 166.9 127.6 128.6 100.8 214.4 117.1 168.0 127.5 129.8 101.8 218.9 118.2 171.7 125.9 129.7 103.1 225.0 119.2 178.8 128.4 134.1 104.5 229.1 118.3 178.5 131.6 137.1 104.2 235.0 118.8 178.6 118.6 113.3 95.5 195.8 115.6 165.1 119.5 114.8 96.1 198.5 115.7 166.2 118.4 114.4 96.6 201.7 116.2 .170.3 117.9 116.3 . 98.7 207.1 116.9 175.7 120.4 121.0 100.5 211.8 117.1 175.9 121.9 123.5 101.3 216.4 118.2 177.5 121.6 124.8 102.7 221.5 119.6 182.2 119.4 124.4 104.1 227.0 120.3 190.1 122.7 129.5 105.6 231.2 119.4 188.4 125.6 133.4 106.2 237.0 119.9 188.7 130.1 129, 99. 185.9 111.1 142.9 130.9 128.9 98.4 190.8 112.6 145.8 131.5 128.5 97.7 194.5 113.3 147.9 132.7 129.8 97.9 199.7 115.0 150.5 133.1 132.6 99.7 203.4 114.8 152.8 134.1 135.5 101.0 206.3 114.1 153.9 136.9 136.9 100.0 210.6 115.0 153.8 137.3 138.0 100.5 214.0 115.6 155.9 136.4 138.3 101.4 221.0 117.1 162.1 137.7 141.5 102.8 224.8 116.1 163.3 141.4 143.0 101.1 230.1 116.4 162.8 114. 132. 115.2 186. 111. 168.0 162.2 186.1 114.9 160.1 115.8 134.1 115.8 190.2 112.3 169.8 1*4.3 186.9 115.5 161.7 116.2 134.4 115.7 194.5 113.3 172.8 167.4 189.4 114.7 164.2 115.5 134.2 116.3 198.8 114.5 177.3 172.2 193.0 105.6 166.6 116.0 137.5 118.5 202.2 114.1 178.8 174.3 192.6 108.8 168.4 116.5 140.5 120.7 205.9 113.9 180.8 176.8 193.1 120.1 171.8 117.7 142.3 120.9 210.2 114.8 182.5 178.5 195.0 128.3 174.5 117.6 143.6 122.1 213.8 115.5 185.6 181.9 197.1 122.9 176.3 116.9 143.6 122.9 220 116 191 188 201 104 118.1 148.8 126.0 224.7 116.0 192.6 190.2 200.1 127.8 183.0 118.5 149.3 126.0 229.8 116.3 196.2 194.0 203.3 130.8 186.5 III MANUFACTURING: O u t p u t per hour of all persons . . Output Hours 178.6 p=preliminary. r=revised. 133 PRODUCTIVITY SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate Annual percent change Quarterly percent change I Item II PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons Output . Implicit price deflator NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons Output Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs .. . Implicit price deflator MANUFACTURING: Output per hour of all persons Output . 1977 I I I 1977 I I I 1977 IV 1977 IV 1977 I 1977 I 1978 1978 I I II 1978 I I 1976 I I I 1976 IV 1976 I 1977 II 1977 I I I 1977 1978 I I 1977 [ I I 1977 IV 1977 I 1978 II 1978 I I I 1978 1978 [ I I -1.7 6.5 8.3 5.8 -2.7 7.6 9.5 8.2 Compensation per hour Unit labor costs 1977 I I . ... 5.1 5.0 -0.1 9.5 A.3 A.2 7.A 5.2 0.A A.O 3.7 6.7 1.9 6.3 2.0 A.9 -A. 5 -0.6 A.O 12.1 A.O 17.A -13.1 6.7 1.2 10.5 9.2 8.1 -2.5 6.8 2A.8 12.1 3.A 2.9 -0.5 - 10.A 1.6 6.7 9.7 7.7 1.1 5.0 3.9 8.1 1.2 6.9 3.6 5.8 1.5 5.6 A.O 8.0 1.3 6.5 5.0 6.0 1.5 6.2 A.6 7.5 0.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 -0.2 3.7 3.9 8.5 1.8 8.8 1.1 6.3 0.5 A.6 A.I 9.1 1.9 8.5 A.A 7.2 0.1 A.I A.O 9.3 1.2 9.2 5.0 7.8 -l.A 6.2 7.7 6.5 -2.1 8.0 10.3 8.7 3.7 5.0 1.3 •8.1 2.9 A.2 11.5 6.5 0.5 3.5 3.0 7.6 2.8 7.1 -2.A A.O -3.1 0.7 3.9 12.2 A.O 15.7 -13.5 5.8 1.7 11.6 9.8 8.2 -2. A 6.A 21.3 10.8 2.3 2.0 -0.3 9.5 0.9 7.1 11.6 8.5 0.7 A.8 A.I 8.1 1.2 7.3 A.O 6.2 0.9 5. A L A 7.8 1.1 6.8 5.5 6.A 1.3 6.0 A.7 7.6 0.9 6.3 5.0 5.9 -0.1 3.8 3.9 8.6 1.9 8.7 0.9 6.2 0.7 5.2 A.5 9.0 1.8 8.3 3. A 6.7 0.3 A.A A.O 9.A 1.3 9.0 3.A 7.2 6.5 6.6 0.1 9.2 3.9 2.5 -0.3 A.O A.3 8.8 A.O 9.1 -5.1 -0.5 A.9 11.6 3.5 17.7 8.3 1A.3 5.6 7.A -3.1 -0.8 10.A 9.2 -1.1 10.6 1.9 0.2 1.9 6.1 A.2 8.3 l.A 6.2 2.9 7.1 A.I 8.9 2.1 5.8 2.9 7.9 A.8 9.0 2.2 5.9 1.8 5.8 A.O 9.A 2.7 7.6 2.2 6.0 3.7 9.2 2.0 6.9 3.1 6.6 3.A 9.6 1.5 6.3 Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 6.A 13.7 6.8 8.2 -0.6 1.6 DURABl EGOODS Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 8.9 17.1 7.6 9.A 0.5 0.5 5.0 8.3 3.1 9.0 3.8 3.8 -1.1 A.5 5.7 9.8 A.9 11.0 -6.8 -1.5 5.7 10.A 2.A 18.5 11.3 17.7 5.7 7.5 -3.0 -3.A 10.0 12.5 2.3 10.5 1.8 0.5 1.6 6.9 5.2 8.2 1.3 6.5 2.0 7.5 5.A 9.0 2.2 6.8 ' 2.6 9.1 6.3 9.8 2.9 7.0 1.3 6.9 5.5 9.6 2.9 8.2 1.9 7.0 5.1 9.2 1.9 7.1 3.1 8.1 A.9 9.5 l.A 6.3 3.1 9.0 5.7 6.0 -2.6 2.8 8.6 A.I -A. 2 8.5 3.3 -0.1 1.0 3.2 2.2 6.7 1.9 5.6 -2.6 1.1 3.8 13.6 5.3 16.6 3.9 9.A 5.3 7.2 -3.3 3.2 11.2 A.3 -6.2 9.7 1.0 -1.3 2.A 5.1 2.6 8.1 1.3 5.6 A.I 6.6 2.A 8.3 1.5 A.O 3.5 6.2 2.7 7.2 0.5 3.6 2.5 A.3 1.8 8.7 2.0 6.0 2.6 A.A 1.7 9.0 1.8 6.1 3.2 A.5 1.2 9.3 1.2 5.8 1.7 9.2 7.A 7.7 -1.0 A.6 5.8 1.0 A8.2 8.3 A.A 5.2 0.7 8.5 3.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 30.A 6.A -0.5 3.6 A.2 7.2 2.A 6.8 7.7 A.3 -15.8 A.2 -2.5 0.0 2.5 12.5 A.3 13.6 15.3 8.5 -47.8 5.5 A.A 15.2 10.A 8.3 -2.3 2.3 3.8 -2.0 123.6 10.2 1.3 1.5 0.6 A.8 A.2 8.3 l.A 6.5 7.6 3.3 3.9 6.2 1.3 5.9 A. 5 8.0 1.3 5.6 6.6 3.0 11.9 6.3 1.8 7.0 5.0 7.5 0.8 A.7 5.6 2.1 16.A 5.8 0.8 A.5 3.7 8.9 2.2 7.1 8.1 A.A -A.O 6.1 l.A 5.9 A.A 9.1 1.9 6.6 7.6 3.6 6.A 6.5 0.7 A.9 A.2 9.A 1.3 7.5 8.7 NONDURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS: Output per"all-employee hour Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Total unit costs Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor costs Unit profits Implicit price deflator p=preliminary. r=re vised. 134 ' O.2 9.5 0.8 7.7 8.1 6.5 9.9 7.9 A. 3 1.9 6.9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings State and area NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P $230.27 264.54 () • 41.0 39.7 42.3 40.9 40.6 41.8 40.9 39.9 (*) $5.03 5.97 6.07 $5.58 6.66 6.53 $5.63 6.63 <*) 42.8 42.7 (*) 10.41 9.90 (*) 254.40 266.45 () * 40.5 40.7 39. 1 40.5 40.9 38.7 40.9 42.7 (*) 5.72 5.68 5.69 6.15 6.21 5.89 6.22 6.24 (*) 191.27 178.85 190.61 222.71 263.08 193.26 174.83 194. 14 226.73 257.51 40. 1 40.9 39.3 40.3 42.4 39.6 40.1 38.9 40.2 42.5 39. 39. 39. 40. 41 .4 4.42 4.03 4.62 5. 12 5.21 4.83 4.46 4.90 5.54 6. 19 4.93 4.46 4.94 5.64 6.22 247.65 230.57 251.10 225.89 232.23 247.66 210.81 246.76 265.28 232.79 237.37 301.90 266.18 222.77 219.70 271.86 244.78 264.77 246.60 275.80 244.21 248.47 252.98 229.20 275.93 289.28 268.40 248.29 318.00 276.61 228. 13 239.27 282.03 279.66 268.52 249.26 279.03 241.00 251.53 260.80 230.98 277.26 286.89 251.54 245.25 319.59 286.82 215.94 235.59 291.40 282.08 40.4 41. 1 40.5 40.7 40.6 40.8 39.7 39.8 39.3 38.1 39.3 40.2 40.7 40.8 37.3 39.4 37.2 40.3 41. 1 38.9 40. 1 40.8 38.8 40.0 40.4 39.9 40.0 39. 1 39.8 39.8 38.6 38. 1 38.9 39.5 40. 41. 39. 39. 41. 40.0 40.1 40.3 39.3 37.6 38.5 39.8 40.8 36.6 37. 1 39.7 38.8 6. 13 5.61 6.20 5.55 5.72 6.07 5.31 6.20 6.75 6,. 11 6,.04 7,.51 6..54 5..46 5..89 6,.90 6.58 6.57 6.00 7.09 6.09 6.09 6.52 5.73 6.83 7.25 6.71 6.35 7.99 6.95 5.91 6.28 7.25 7.08 6.63 6.05 10 04 12 6.52 5.76 6.88 7.30 6.69 6.37 8.03 7.03 5.90 6.35 7.34 7.27 COLORADO Denver—Boulder 230.30 231.64 247.59 246.41 248.29 248.58 39.3 39.8 39.3 39.3 39.6 39.9 5.86 5.82 6.30 6.27 6.27 6.23 CONNECTICUT 238.98 245.38 261.32 246.87 235.34 245.92 203.04 257.98 270.07 286.89 264.69 263.08 266.54 226.31 260.47 274.74 292.38 269.33 265.20 261.84 229.27 42.0 43.2 42.7 42.2 41.0 42.4 42.3 42.5 43.7 43.8 42.9 42.5, 43.2 42.3 42.7 44.1 44.1 43.3 42.5 42.3 42.3 6.12 85 74 80 80 6.07 6.18 6.55 6. 17 6.19 6.17 5.35 6.10 6.23 6.63 6.22 6.24 6.19 5.42 256.31 293-35 258.95 292.39 263.07 292.55 40. 3 40.8 39.9 39.3 39.5 38.8 6.36 7. 19 6.49 7.44 6.66 7.54 NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 $206.23 237.01 256.76 $228.22 270.40 272.95 ALASKA 445.55 422.73 ARIZONA Phoenix 231.66 231.18 222.48 249.08 253.99 227.94 177.24 164.83 18 1.57 206.34 220.90 ALABAMA Birmingham Mobile Tucson ARKANSAS Fayetteville-Springdale Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA Anaheim—Santa Ana-Garden Grove . Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Modesto Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario . Sacramento Salinas-Seaside-Monterey San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven-West Haven Stamford Waterbury DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA () * 213.17 214.56 214. 18 38.9 38.8 38.8 5.48 5.53 5.52 FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St. Petersburg West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 192.44 187.80 219.51 163.53 203.12 251.60 19 1.09 244.40 209.51 195.77 248.81 177.51 225-42 281.84 217.46 241.83 212.16 196.58 253.54 184.37 235.66 282.88 214.53 252.15 40.6 40.3 40.5 39.5 41.2 42.5 40.4 43.8 41.0 40.2 41.4 39.8 41.9 43.9 41.5 42.5 41.6 40.2 41.7 40.7 43.4 44.2 41.9 43.7 4.74 4.66 5.42 4.14 4.93 5.92 4.73 5.58 5.11 4.87 6.01 4.46 5.38 6.42 5.24 5.69 5.10 4.89 6.08 4.53 5.43 .40 6. .12 5. 5.77 GEORGIA 184.42 215.59 249.26 206.74 232.83 280.36 209.39 242.38 279.48 40.8 40.6 43.2 40.3 39.0 43.4 40.5 39.8 43.6 4.52 5.31 5.77 5. 13 5.97 6.46 5.17 6.09 6.41 199.86 223.23 242.42 240.77 244.28 243.20 34.4 37.9 39.1 38.4 39.4 39.1 5.81 5.89 6.20 6.27 6.2 0 6.22 231.55 216.84 251.94 241.16 257.54 256.49 38.4 39.0 39.0 37.8 39.2 39.4 6.03 5.56 6.46 6.38 6.57 6.51 Atlanta Savannah HAWAII Honolulu IDAHO Boise City See footnotes at end of table. 135 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas-Continued Average weekly hours Average weekly earnings State and area NO?. 1977 OCT. 1978 $264.00 207.39 265.02 262.43 287.90 310.20 276.80 272.56 303.93 Average hourly earnings MO?. 1978P NO?. 1977 OCT. 1978 NO?. 1978P NO?. 1977 OCT. 1978 NO?. 1978P $273.47 253.44 262.95 272.05 275.57 319.18 341.15 288.11 310.56 $280.93 260.64 263.85 274.80 281.40 328.72 352.91 292.57 320.86 40.8 38.3 41.6 41.5 41.4 43.9 35.5 43.8 42.9 39.8 41.3 39.9 40.4 36.9 41.8 39.3 42.4 42.0 40.3 42.0 39.6 40.7 37.4 43.0 40.5 42.8 42.8 $6.46 5.42 6.37 6.32 6.95 7.07 7.80 6.22 7.09 $6.87 6.13 6.59 6.73 7.47 7.63 8.69 6.80 7.40 $6.97 6.21 6.66 6.75 7.52 7.64 8.72 6.84 7.50 280.28 357.06 294.80 302.09 402.78 304.20 304.38 41.4 40.9 43. 1 41. 1 42.0 41.5 41.3 () * () * 6.77 8.73 6.84 7.35 9.59 7.33 7.37 () * (> * 264.14 265.06 268.05 325.56 183.17 325.99 294.35 299.11 301.02 365.79 285.32 379.85 293.71 305.87 298.35 346.06 291.72 376.79 39.9 40.1 37.7 39.8 31.8 40.8 40.6 41.2 39.4 41.1 43.1 40.8 40.4 41.9 39.0 40.1 44.0 41.0 6.62 6.61 7. 11 8. 18 ,76 5. 7.99 7.25 7.26 7.64 8.90 6.62 9.31 7.27 7.30 7.65 8.63 6.63 9.T9 KANSAS Topeka Wichita 226.32 247.25 233.54 257.51 286.54 274.80 255.23 283.92 278.30 41.0 40.6 40.9 41.4 42.2 41.7 41.1 42.0 41.6 5.52 6.09 5.71 6.22 6.79 6.59 6.21 6.76 6.69 KE N T U C K Y Louisville 236.37 268.94 257.20 294.84 260.50 292.53 40.2 40.2 40.0 40.5 40.2 39.8 5.88 6.69 6.43 7.28 6.48 7.35 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport 251.93 304.16 239.72 229.32 275.28 345.54 257.80 246.56 279.03 349.77 263.34 242.00 42.7 42.9 40.7 42.0 41.9 44.3 39.6 41.3 42.6 44.9 39.6 40.2 5.90 7.09 5.89 5.46 6.57 7.80 6.51 5.97 6.55 7.79 6.65 6.02 MAINE Portland 187.31 146.12 189.77 202.10 160.18 202.40 205.74 166.80 198.90 39.6 36.9 39.7 40.1 37.6 40.0 40.5 38.7 39.7 4.73 3.96 4.78 5.04 4.26 5.06 5.08 4.31 5.01 MARYLAND Baltimore 254.52 267.55 272.02 287.71 274.19 289.48 40.4 40.6 40.6 40.9 40.5 40.9 6.30 6.59 6.70 7.03 6.77 7.08 MASSACHUSETTS 21 1.60 233.56 163.88 143.72 204.62 182.35 167.87 22 1.73 223.44 224.53 245.96 176.61 157.88 223.28 200.40 191 .01 233 .19 231.42 231.99 258.54 180.30 162.72 219.01 203.20 204.62 240.78 243.02 40.0 40.2 37.5 34.8 39.2 39.3 36.1 41.6 40.7 39.6 39.8 37.9 35.4 39.8 40.0 37.6 41.2 39.9 40.7 41.3 38.2 36.0 38.9 40.0 40.2 41.3 41.4 5.29 5.81 4.37 4.13 5.22 4.64 4.65 5.33 5.49 5.67 6.18 4.66 4.46 5.61 5.01 5.08 5.66 5.80 5.70 6.26 4.72 4.52 5.63 5.08 5.09 5.83 5.87 339.78 385.10 316.46 370.75 363.88 407.66 272.82 283.37 293.50 346.44 292.86 418.63 374.87 416.90 349.78 323.89 400.52 437.49 283.35 319.20 315.21 393.56 294.30 439.40 371.65 420.78 353.38 323.59 402.35 436.76 287.69 327.43 313.29 392.94 294.17 441.32 43 45 41 49 43 46.6 42.2 42.2 42.2 43. 1 43.1 46.9 44.4 45.3 41.8 42.3 44.1 46.8 41.7 43.5 41.9 43.7 41.3 45.9 43.6 45.5 41.8 41.9 44.2 46.4 41.7 44.5 41.6 43.4 41.2 45.6 7.83 8.50 7.64 7.55 8.37 8.75 6.47 6.72 6.96 8.04 6.80 8.93 8.44 9.20 8.37 7.66 9.09 9.35 6.80 7.34 7.52 9.01 7.13 9.57 8.52 9.25 8.45 7.72 9.10 9.41 6.90 7.36 7.53 9.05 7.14 9.68 MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul 244.33 220.61 264.37 266.90 239.27 284.78 267.71 253.23 285.31 39. 6 38.5 40.3 40.5 37.8 40.8 40.5 39.2 40.7 6.17 5.73 6.56 6.59 6.33 6.98 6.61 6.46 7.01 MISSISSIPPI Jackson 172.10 196.88 186.19 207.09 189.14 210.92 40.4 41.8 40.3 41.5 40.5 42.1 4.26 4.71 4.62 4.99 4.67 5.01 ILLINOIS Bloomington—Normal Champaign—Urbana-Rantoul Chicago SMSA Davenport-Rock Island—Moline Oecatur Peoria Rockford Springfield INDIANA Gary—Hammond-East Chicago Indianapolis IOWA Cedar Rapids Oes Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo-Cedar Falls Lewiston-Auburn Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence- Haverhi 1 1 Lowell New Bedford Springfield—Chicopee-Holyoke Worcester nNCHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo-Portage Lansing-East Lansing Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights Saginaw See footnotes at end of table. 136 () • () • ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued Average weakly earnings State and arts NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 $2 4 4.55 279.64 223.85 282.83 196.95 MONTANA Average hourly earnings Average weekly hours MOV. 1978P HOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P $255.60 298.39 238.27 299.21 212.69 $265.36 297.56 237.41 306.59 216.28 41.1 41.8 40.7 41.9 39.0 40.0 41.1 40.8 41. 1 38.6 40.7 41.1 39.7 41.6 $6.39 7.26 5.84 7.28 38.9 $5.95 6.69 5.50 6.75 5.05 5.51 $6.52 7.24 5.98 7.37 5.56 303.30 337.42 355.18 42.9 41.3 43.0 7.07 8. 17 8.26 NEBRASKA Lincoln Omaha 220.64 211.30 237.01 250.62 250.97 268.27 249.45 252.05 269.51 39.4 37.2 39. 9 41.7 39.9 41.4 41.3 40.2 41.4 60 68 94 6.01 6.29 6.48 6.04 6.27 6.51 NEVADA Las Vegas 249.55 322.82 250.61 311.65 258.52 (•) 39.8 41.6 37.8 39.3 38.7 (•) 6.27 7.76 6.63 7.93 6.68 (•) NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Nashua 189.88 167.42 212.49 204.42 179.54 225.35 206.86 179.33 229.61 40. 4 39.3 41. 1 40.4 39.2 41.5 40.8 38.9 41.9 4.70 4.26 5. 17 5.06 4.58 5.43 5.07 4.61 5.48 NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Camden' Hackensack2 Jersey City 2 New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville 2 Newark2 Paterson-Clifton-Passaic2 Trenton 247.16 208.43 234.99 229.22 240.78 273.92 254.71 23 3.54 276.49 260.60 176.18 254.82 249.55 253.03 288.70 261.88 246.24 270.03 41.4 39.4 40. 1 41.6 40.4 42.6 42.1 40.9 43.0 41.3 38.3 41.3 43.1 40. 1 41.6 41.7 40.5 41.1 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) <*) 5.97 5.29 5.86 5.51 5.96 6.43 6.05 5.71 6.43 6.31 4.60 6. 17 5.79 6.31 6.94 6.28 6.08 6.57 (•) (•) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (•) NEW MEXICO Albuquerque 186.35 187.27 192.61 192.45 198.40 190.64 40.6 40.8 38.6 38.8 39.6 39.8 4.59 4.59 4.99 4.96 5.01 4.79 NEW YORK Albany—Schenectady—Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County 3 Nassau-Suffolk4 New York-Northeastern New Jersey New York and Nassau-Suffolk3 New York SMSA 4 New York City s Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County 5 Syracuse Utica—Rome Westchester County 5 234.37 257.26 213.72 317.67 230.28 309.87 225.52 224.64 205.44 204.22 199.66 251.14 289.93 237.54 262.06 224.13 241.26 244.99 269.33 231.84 334.85 246.24 320.30 229.28 232.06 208.62 203.79 198.65 247.57 300.17 244.80 281.11 233.34 255.07 253.*13 279.39 232.82 346.01 255.02 331.19 234.77 () * 218.27 214.10 210.52 254.98 308.98 246.38 284.08 238.32 246.93 40.2 40.9 41.1 42.3 40.4 42.8 40.2 39.9 38.4 38. 1 37.6 43.6 42.7 42.8 41.4 40.9 42.7 39.9 40.5 41.4 41.7 40.5 42.2 39.6 39.6 38.0 37.6 37.2 41.4 42.1 40.8 42.4 40.3 42.3 40.5 41.7 41.5 42.3 41.0 42.9 40.2 (•) 38.7 38.3 38.0 41.8 42.5 41.2 42.4 40.6 41.5 5.83 6.29 5.20 7.51 5.70 7.24 5.61 5.63 5.35 5.36 5.31 5.76 6.79 5.55 6.33 5.48 5.65 6. 14 6.65 5.60 8.03 6.08 7.59 5.79 5.86 5.49 5.42 5.34 5.98 7. 13 6.00 6.63 5.79 6.03 6.25 6.70 5.61 8.18 6.22 7.72 5.84 (•) 5.64 5.59 5.54 6.10 7.27 5.98 6.70 5.87 5.95 NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point Raleigh-Durham 170.07 173.46 175.09 185.44 193.59 183.26 184.37 189.11 198.30 206.74 186.24 189.74 189.88 201.50 207.06 40.3 41.3 41. 1 40.4 40.5 40.1 40.7 41.2 39.9 40.3 40.4 41.7 41. 1 40.3 40.6 4.22 4.20 4.26 4.59 4.78 4.57 4.53 4.59 4.97 5. 13 4.61 4.55 4.62 5.00 5.10 .JORTH DAKOTA Fargo—Moor head 195.04 212.29 232.15 248.18 224.70 244.97 36.8 35.8 40.8 38.9 39.7 38.7 5.30 5.93 5.69 6.38 5.66 6.33 OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren 295.53 292.72 287.12 277.77 303.30 249.48 312.61 308.42 33 5.37 317.34 309.86 307.69 296.52 330.42 273.10 325.80 333.91 362.34 319.70 316.63 318.61 300.76 337.65 273.91 327.85 327.83 370.44 42.4 42.3 40. 1 42.8 42.9 40.5 43.6 42.6 41.2 42.2 42.1 39.6 42.3 42.8 40.4 42.7 42.7 41.6 42 42 40 42 43 40 42.8 42.3 42.0 6.97 6.92 7 16 6 49 7 07 6 16 7 17 7 24 8.14 7.52 7.36 7.77 7.01 7.72 6.76 7.63 7.82 8.71 7.54 7.45 7.79 7.06 7.78 6.78 7.66 7.75 8.82 MISSOURI Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield . () * () • () * <*) () * () * () * () * () • See footnotes at end of table. 137 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-13. Gross hours and •arnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued Average weekly hours Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings • t a t * and area NOV. 1977 OKLAHOMA OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1S77 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P $225.22 220.73 240.76 $240.40 235.62 253.29 $244.82 239.78 259.60 40.8 40.8 40.6 40.2 39.8 39.7 40.4 40.3 40.0 $5.52 5.41 5.93 $5. 98 5.92 6.38 $6.06 5.95 6.49 OREGON Eugene—Springfield . . . . Jackson County Portland 264.41 292.13 26 6.57 254.76 286.30 325.54 302.91 269.80 287.54 314.34 () • () • 38.6 39.8 38.3 38.6 38.9 41.0 39.7 38.0 38.7 39.0 (> • () • 6.85 7.34 6.96 6.60 7.36 7.94 7.63 7. 10 7.43 8.06 () * () * PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona .... Delaware Valley . . ; Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelphia SMSA Pittsburgh Reading _ . Scranton7 242.61 236.84 186.66 249.20 257.46 21 1.60 265.93 214.80 172.56 (•) 308.48 221.09 178.93 166.25 210.65 225.84 262.10 258.34 211.69 272.03 270.90 239.40 279.70 231.49 189.35 269.06 321.12 229.90 200.04 180.85 234.21 244.70 272.54 263.84 211.50 278.12 271.97 242.59 286.94 239.09 191.25 275.11 327.13 238.34 199.64 184.98 233.64 246.96 40. 1 38.7 36.6 40.0 42.0 39.7 40.6 40.3 36. 1 () * 41.8 39.2 37.2 35.0 39.3 41.9 40.2 38.5 37.6 40.3 42.0 40. 1 39.9 40.4 37.2 40.4 40.7 38.9 39.3 35.6 39.9 41.9 40.8 38.8 37.5 40.9 42.1 39.9 40.3 40.8 37.5 41.0 41.2 39.2 39.3 36.2 39.4 42.0 6.05 6.12 5. 10 6.23 6. 13 5.33 6.55 5.33 4.78 () * 7.38 5.64 4.81 4.75 5.36 5.39 6.52 6.71 5.63 6.75 6.45 5.97 7.01 5.73 5.09 6.66 7.89 5.91 5.09 5.08 5.87 5.84 6.68 6.80 5.64 6.80 6.46 6.08 7.12 5.86 5.10 6.71 7.94 6.08 5.08 5.11 5.93 5.88 RHODE ISLAND Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket . 176.79 177.30 187.50 190.79 191.84 194.57 39.2 39.4 38.9 39.5 39.8 40.2 4.51 4.50 4.82 4.83 4.82 4.84 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston-North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg 181.66 202.95 180.63 180.81 195.84 225.72 188.97 192.44 198.03 230.03 192.48 196.32 41. 1 41.0 40.5 41.0 40.8 41.8 39.7 40.6 41.0 41.9 40.1 40.9 4.42 4.95 4.46 4.41 4.80 5.40 4.76 4.74 4.83 5.49 4.80 4.80 SOUTH DAKOTA Rapid City Sioux Falls 179.69 151.32 232.37 226.31 175.76 297.18 223.44 225. 14 297.98 36.3 39. 1 38.6 42.3 33.8 46.8 42.0 42.4 47.6 4.95 3.87 6.02 5.35 5.20 6.35 5.32 5.31 6.26 TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville—Davidson 196.25 206.23 233.45 224.68 212.74 211.00 216.60 253.37 238.00 228.48 213.03 220.54 251.53 249.28 231.20 40.8 41.0 41.1 41.0 40.6 40.5 41. 1 41.4 40.0 40.8 40.5 41.3 41.1 41.0 40.0 4.81 5.03 5.68 5.48 5.24 5.21 5.27 6. 12 5.95 5.60 5.26 5.34 6.12 6.08 5.78 TEXAS Amarillo Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange . Corpus Christi 'Dallas-Fort Worth El Paso Galveston—Texas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls 231.85 256.85 179.96 319.80 265.65 217.46 159. 19 348.89 287.00 165.23 170.52 191.16 204.67 247.64 239.78 191.78 355.47 283.71 228.02 175.31 410.77 321.47 183.15 181.31 206.06 215.74 252.32 228.73 197.03 361.09 292.58 233.70 181.83 411.04 325.70 183.56 181.82 208.28 222.63 41.7 45.3 40.9 41.0 42. 1 41.5 39.5 42.6 42.9 41.0 40.6 40.5 42.2 41.0 41.2 41.6 41.0 41.6 40. 5 40.3 4 2.7 43.5 40.7 39.5 39.4 40. 1 41.5 38.9 42.1 41.6 41.5 41 .0 41.8 41.9 44.8 40.7 39. 1 39.9 41.0 5.56 5.67 4.40 7.80 6.31 5.24 4.03 8.19 6.69 4.03 4.20 4.72 4.85 6.04 5.82 4.61 8.67 6.82 5.63 4.35 9.62 7.39 4.50 4.59 5.23 5.38 6.08 5.88 4.68 8.68 7.05 5.70 4.35 9.81 7.27 4.51 4.65 5.22 5.43 UTAH Salt Lake City-Ogden 212.50 199.24 229.70 221.48 239.95 230.87 40. 1 40.0 38.8 39.2 40.-6 41.3 5.30 4.98 5.92 5.65 5.91 5.59 VERMONT Burlington Springfield 193.18 217.76 219.60 214.35 245.38 243.67 212.98 238.29 244.32 40.5 41.4 41.2 41.3 43.2 41.3 40.8 42.4 41.2 4.77 5.26 5.33 5. 19 5.68 5.90 5.22 5.62 5.93 VIRGINIA Bristol Lynchburg Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth Northern Virginia 9. Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell. 196.34 174.98 202.37 212.26 213.46 237.58 211.41 182.02 220.72 237.38 247.57 247.68 214.37 178.12 226.97 235.39 242.98 255.56 40.4 39.5 40.8 40.2 39.9 40.2 40.5 38.0 40.5 41.5 41.4 38.7 40.6 37.5 41.8 40. 1 40.7 39.5 4.86 4.43 4.96 5.28 5.35 5.91 5.22 4.79 5.45 5.72 5.98 6.40 5.28 4.75 5.43 5.87 5.97 6.47 Oklahoma City . . Tulsa Williamsport York See footnotes at end of table. 138 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas Ave age weekly earn ingi State and area NOV. 1977 VIRGINIA—Continued Richmond $235.89 168.73 Roanoke OCT. 1978 $254.97 192.23 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P $256.66 193.04 40.6 38.7 40.6 40.3 4U0 NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 40.3 $5.81 4.36 $6.28 4.77 $6.26 4.79 . . . WEST V I R G I N I A WISCONSIN Eau Claire » La Crosse Milwaukee WYOMING Casper (•) (•) <*) (•) (*) (•) (*) (•> 38.4 38.6 39.3 38.9 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (•) (*) (•) 7.01 7.01 6.15 7.20 (•) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 272.23 313.12 302.40 285.01 288.15 281.99 317.86 303.20 300.96 299.80 39.6 42.3 39.2 40.9 41.2 39.8 42.2 40.0 40.6 40.3 40.4 42.1 40.0 41.8 40.9 6.28 6.87 6.87 6.66 6.59 6.84 7.42 7.56 7.02 7. 15 6.98 7.55 7.58 7.20 7.33 264.11 261.90 257.67 264.07 288.63 224.39 273.59 289.27 285.39 • • 269.18 270.59 241.70 280.08 285.26 273.97 276.12 293.25 333.05 219.44 276.06 310.49 299.02 285.77 276.23 264.29 295.07 325.59 227.01 274.89 314.13 298.94 41.3 42.9 40.9 42. 5 38.9 41.0 39.7 41.4 41.6 41.3 41.8 40.2 42.6 40.5 39.5 39.6 41.2 41. 1 41.2 41.8 39.4 42.8 40.2 40.3 39.4 41.4 40.8 6.40 6. 10 6.30 6.21 7.43 5.47 6.90 6.99 6.87 6.91 6.56 6.87 6.89 8.23 5.56 6.98 7.53 7.27 6.94 6.61 6.71 6 .90 8.10 5.63 6.97 7.59 7.33 227.70 277.31 Seattle—Everett Spokane 242.26 292.30 234.60 271.22 39.6 39.9 38.7 39.5 37.9 38.2 5.75 6.95 6.26 7.40 6.19 7. 10 (*) (•) (*) (*) 1 Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. Metropolitan (*) Statistical (*) Area: 8 Subarea zerne County. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania. Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical (*) of Northeast (*) (*) Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lu- 9 Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's. Subarea o f New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea o f awanna County. NOV. 1977 248.69 290.60 269.30 272.39 27 1.51 WASHINGTON 7 Av<irage hourly earnings Average weekly hours NOV. 1978P Area: Area: Lack- Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties, Virginia. p=preliminary. ' Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. 139 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date [Per 100 employees} Annual average Apr. May July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Total accessions 4. 7 4.0 3.9 4.5 4.8 4.2 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1.977 1978 3. 7 3.9 4.0 4.6 4.0 3. 5 4. 1 4. 7 4.2 2.9 3.9 3.7 3. 8 3.9 3.6 3. 1 3.7 4. 1 3. 7 2. 7 3. 5 3.7 3. 2 4.4 3.7 3. 5 4. 0 4. 5 4. 1 3.2 4.2 4.0 3. 7 4.5 3.7 3.6 4. 1 4. 6 4. 5 3. 7 3.9 3.8 4. 0 4.8 4.2 4.0 4.9 5.4 5. 1 4. 0 4.5 4.6 4. 7 6. 6 5.4 4.9 5.4 5.9 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.8 5. 1 4.4 4. 0 4.7 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.6 5. 1 5.3 6. 1 6.3 5.5 5.2 5. 1 5.2 3. 9 3.0 2.7 3.5 4.3 3.5 3.4 4. 1 3.7 2.6 5. 1 4.2 3. 1 2. 9 3. 0 3.3 4. 0 4. 1 5.9 4. 7 4.8 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.6 5. 3 5.0 3.8 3.9 4. 8 5.2 3.8 3.7 3. 5 3.9 4. 3 3.6 3.0 3.3 4. 0 2.7 2.7 3.9 4.4 2.9 2.5 2. 5 2.9 3. 5 2.8 1.9 2.2 2.9 3. 1 1.7 1.8 3. 7 3.8 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.3 1979 N e w hires 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 3.7 2. 8 2. 6 3.3 3.9 3.2 2. 0 2. 6 2.8 3.3 2. 9 2. 0 2. 6 3.5 3.2 1. 3 2. 1 2.2 2. 5 3. 0 2. 5 1.9 2.5 3.2 2.8 1.2 2. 1 2. 1 2.2 3.4 2. 6 2.2 3. 5 2. 8 3.5 3. 1 1.3 2. 7 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.3 3.7 3.3 1.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.8 2.8 2.7 5. 4 3.9 3.5 3. 7 4. 5 4.0 2. 0 4.2 3. 1 3.5 3.6 3. 6 5. 0 4.3 2. 5 3.7 3. 9 4. 5 3. 6 4.8 3.4 3.4 4.3 4. 8 3. 9 3. 1 3.2 3.5 3. 9 1.9 2. 1 1.4 1.6 2. 1 2. 0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.6 Recalls 1.0 1.3 .7 1976 1977 1978 1.2 1. 1 1. 0 .9 .7 .6 . 5 1. 1 .9 1.0 1. 1 .9 .9 5.3 5.3 4. 8 4. 8 5.2 4. 9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4. 1 6.2 5.6 5. 5 5.5 6.5 6.2 4.7 4.9 5. 1 5.2 6.6 6.0 5.3 5.5 5. 8 5. 5 4.4 4.7 4. 8 4.8 5.4 5.3 4.3 4.4 0 2. 7 2. 1 1.8 2.2 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.9 1.9 2. 1 *. 0 3.0 2.8 3.6 4.6 4.0 2. 5 2.8 3. 1 3.4 4.4 3.3 2.9 3. 5 4. 0 3.3 2. 1 2. 5 2.8 3. 0 1.6 2.3 2. 1 1. 7 1.4 1.4 2. 0 1.6 1.4 1. 0 1. 1 1. 7 1.8 .9 .8 1. 1 1.3 1. 1 1. 0 . 7 1. 1 1. 7 1.5 .9 .8 1.2 1.5 1.3 1. 1 .7 .7 .5 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.2 5. 0 3.5 3.4 3.4 p 3.6 4.2 4. 1 3.8 3.7 4.0 5.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.0 2. 1 2.0 2. 5 3. 1 2.2 \ 6 1.7 1.9 2. 3 2. 1 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1. 6 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.0 .9 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.5 1.0 .8 1.8 1. 6 1.5 1. 1 .9 1.3 2. 1 1.5 1.0 1. 1 2.8 1. 7 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.6 3.6 1.9 1.8 1.4 1979 Total separations 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 3. 9 1. 8 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.6 3. 7 3.9 4.4 4.4 4. 0 3. 6 3.4 3.6 3. 5 3.6 2.6 2. 1 1.6 2. 0 2.5 2.4 1. 1 1. 7 1. 7 2. 0 2.7 2. 1 1. 7 2.2 2.8 2. 7 1.3 1. 7 1.9 2. 1 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.4 4. 2 3. 5 3.4 3.5 1969 . . 1970 . . 1971 . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . 4, 5 4.3 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 4.6 4.4 3.8 4.2 4. 5 4.2 3. 7 3. 6 3. 5 4. 0 1979 .. 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . 1976 . . 1977 . . 2.7 2. 1 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.4 1.4 1. 7 1.8 1978 . . 2.3 2. 1 1.5 1. 7 2.3 2.2 1. 1 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 1 1.9 1.3 1.6 2. 1 2.0 .9 1.2 1.3 1.4 2. 6 2. 1 1. 8 2.2 2.8 2. 5 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.2 1979 . . Layoffs 1969 . . 1.2 1970 . . 1. 8 1971 .. 1.6 1972 .. 1. 1 1973 .. . 9 1974 .. 1.5 1975 . . 2. 1 1976 . . 1.3 1977 .. 1. 1 1.2 .7 .9 .5 .1 1978 . . 1979 . . (^preliminary. 140 4.0 1. 6 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.4 1. 1 1.3 2.9 1. 0 1.4 .9 1.0 1.6 1.4 1. 1 .8 1. 1 2.5 1. 1 1.0 .9 .9 1.7 1.4 1. 0 .7 .9 2. 1 1. 1 .9 .7 .9 1.5 1.2 .9 .7 .8 1.8 .9 .8 .7 1.0 1.5 1.2 1. 1 .7 .8 1.6 .9 .8 .7 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry Separation rates Accession rstM 1972 SIC Code Layoffs New hires Industry Oct. 1978 MANUFACTURING 4.3 Nov. 1978 P Oct. 1978 Nov. 19781 3.3 3.5 2.5 Oct. 1978 Nov. 19781 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 p Nov 19781 Oct. 1978 1978J 0.5 0.5 4. 0 3.6 2.3 1. 7 0. 9 .4 .4 3.6 3. 1 1. 9 1.5 .6 .7 4.8 4. 3 2.7 2. 1 1.2 1.5 1978 1.0 24, 25, 32-39 20-23, 26-3 DURABLE GOODS 4.0 3. 1 3.3 2.4 NONDURABLE GOODS 4.7 3.6 3.8 2.7 .7 24 242 2421 243 2431 244 245 2451 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS 5.7 4.6 3.8 5.8 4.7 9.2 9.8 11.8 5. 7 4.5 5. 1 4.0 3.3 5. 1 4.2 8.5 9. 1 11.2 5.1 3.9 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .6 .4 .4 6.4 4.6 4.0 6.6 7.0 9.6 10.9 12.3 5.6 5. 1 4. 0 3.0 2. 5 3.9 3.4 7.4 7.4 8.3 3.8 3.0 1. 1 .5 .5 1.5 2.5 1. 1 1.3 1.3 1. 1 25 251 2511 2512 2515 252 254 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures 6.7 7.2 7.6 6.5 6.3 4.9 6.9 5.0 6.1 6.5 7.0 5.9 5.6 4.6 6.4 4.3 .4 .4 .2 .3 .6 . 1 .4 6.0 6.3 6.8 5.2 6.3 3.3 7.9 5.0 4. 1 4.5 5.2 4.0 3. 7 2.2 4.0 3. 1 .5 .4 .2 .2 .8 .2 1.8 .7 32 322 3221 3.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 5.6 1.3 6.6 4.0 4.5 3.2 2.8 3.2 1.6 1.8 1.4 4.5 1.2 6.1 3.3 4.0 2.8 2.3 .5 .7 .6 .8 1.0 . 1 .5 .3 .4 .3 3.9 3.2 3.4 2.9 4.0 1.2 6.0 4.2 4.7 3. 1 3.5 329 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Misc. nonmetallic mineral products 2. 1 1. 1 1.2 1. 1 2.5 .6 4.3 2.6 2. 7 1.6 33 331 3312 332 3321 3325 333 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 2.7 2.0 1.7 4.0 3.8 4.4 1.4 2. 1 2.0 1.5 2.2 5.6 5.5 2.3 1.9 .8 .6 3.4 3.2 3.5 1. 1 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.6 2.2 2. 1 3. 7 3.5 3.7 1.4 1.7 1.8 1. 1 1.4 4.4 3.4 2.2 34 341 3411 342 3423, 5 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Ordnance and accessories, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products 4.5 2.8 2.7 4. 1 3.6 4.4 4. 7 5.2 6.0 7. 1 2.9 6.0 4.5 5.3 3.8 3.7 3. 1 2.9 4.8 7.7 2.6 4.3 2.8 6.3 3.4 DURABLE GOODS 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3429 343 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 345 3451 3452 3*6 3462 3465 3469 347 3*° 349 3494 3496 Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products .9 1.6 4.5 4.5 3.9 1.4 1. 1 3. 7 3. 1 4. 1 3.9 4.6 5. 1 6.6 2.4 5.4 4.2 5. 1 3.4 3.0 2.8 1.8 4.4 7.0 1.9 3.8 2.4 5. 9 2.8 .2 4.2 6.7 7. 3 3.6 3. 1 3.8 4. 1 4. 7 5. 1 6.5 2.5 5.2 3.2 4. 0 2.5 3.6 1.9 3.3 4.6 7.0 1.7 3.5 2.2 5. 7 1.0 1.3 .6 .6 . 1 .6 .5 1.0 .6 1 .5 .3 1.9 1.9 1 .5 .8 .8 .2 .8 2.3 2.0 2.3 .8 .6 2.0 2.0 2. 1 2.1 2 3. 1 4.3 1.5 3. 1 2.2 2. 9 1.6 1. 7 2 4.2 1 2 1.4 4.3 1.0 4.4 5. I 1 .7 .4 .9 .9 . 7 .7 .7 .2 1. 0 . 1 .1 .2 .9 . 1 1.3 .8 1.2 .2 .3 .2 .5 See footnotes at end of table. 141 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry—Continued Accession rates 1972 SIC Code Total New hires Separation rates Recalls Total Layoffs Quits Industry Oct. 1978 Nov 1978 P Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Oct. 2.8 1.3 .4 1.7 3. 0 2.7 2.8 2.3 4. 0 2. 7 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.2 3. 0 2!3 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.9 2. 6 2. 5 4.5 2.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.3 .3 (') .5 1.2 1.3 . 1 . 1 . 1 .4 .2 .7 .1 .2 .2 .6 .1 . 1 .2 .2 . 1 . 1 # 4 .5 .2 3.0 2.4 2. 7 2. 1 1.7 1.2 1.6 2.7 1. 1 .6 5.2 3.5 1.6 3.2 4. 3 4. 1 2.3 1.9 2.4 4.2 2. 0 3.3 5.4 3.4 3.4 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.4 6.5 2.4 2. 1 2.0 3.8 4.3 3. 8 6. 1 2.0 1.2 1.1 5. 1 - 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3533 354 3541 3544 3545 355 3551 3552 356 3561 3562 3564 357 3573 358 3585 359 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Oil field machinery Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical 3.4 2.1 1.2 2.5 5.0 4.8 3.0 2.5 4. 3 3-. 3 2.7 3.9 3.3 2. 8 2.5 3. 8 Z.% 2.4 3. 1 2.8 3.5 3.4 3. 2 3. 3 4.9 2. 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 3671-3 3674 3679 369 3694 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators 'ndustrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Engine electrical equipment 3.9 3.4 3.8 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.6 4.3 3.5 1.6 6.6 4.2 2.8 3.7 2.8 _ — _ — _ - 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3.5 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.4 7.0 3.0 2.8 2.4 4.2 6.9 6. 9 6.7 4.3 2.6 2.8 6.0 - 3732 374 376 3761 379 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS EnoineerinQ 3nd scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity 3. 1 2.8 3. 1 3.3 3. 3 2.9 3.0 See footnotes at end of table. 142 6.3 6. 7 2. 7 2.3 2.9 5.0 3. 0 3.8 6. 1 4.1 4.2 .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - — — - — - - 2.7 2.6. 2. 6 2.5 2. 7 2.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ - _ — — — _ — — - - — - 1978 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .2 .5 .7 .7 .3 .8 .3 .4 .2 .6 .7 . 1 .2 . 1 .4 . 1 .4 .5 .3 .3 .6 .4 .2 .2 .5 .3 .3 .3 . 1 .2 2.5 3. 0 .5 1.5 Nov. 1978 P Oct. 1978 0.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.5 1.6 2. 1 1. 3 3.8 4.0 2.3 1.8 2. 9 2.4 1.3 3. 1 2.3 2. 0 2.3 2. 7 2!3 2.0 1.8 2. 8 2. 1 1.8 3. 4 3. 6 3.6 Z.I _ 3.4 3.5 3. 6 3. 5 2.0 1.6 2. 5 6.0 6.4 6.6 7.8 3.7 2. 1 3. 5 5. 7 6. 3 1.8 1.7 1.8 3.9 2. 6 2.4 5.2 3.3 3.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 4.0 2.5 7.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.3 6.0 6. 3 5.2 2. 6 1.2 1. 1 6.7 - 2.8 1.9 2. 8 2.8 2. 5 3! 4 2.3 ~~ ~~ -~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .3 _ _ — _ -* ~ — — - - — - .9 — 1. 1 .6 2.5 - . 1 . 1 .2 .4 # 2 . 1 .2 - Nov 1978P _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ _ _ — — - Oct. 1978 1.4 .6 .4 . 7 1.5 1.5 1.3 Nov. 1978 1. 1 0.3 _ _ .9 1. 9 1.4 .7 1.8 1. 5 1. 2 K4 1 6 \.Z 1.1 .8 1. 6 1.3 1.2 1. 3 1. 2 1.4 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - .9 2.0 1. 1 .7 3.4 2. 1 .8 2. 1 2.4 2.4 1. 1 .9 1. 1 2.5 .9 1.5 3.5 1.7 1.8 1.3 1. 1 — - 2. 1 1. 0 3.6 .8 .6 .5 1.6 2. 7 2. 3 3 ^ .8 .5 .4 3.7 1.8 1.3 1. 8 1. 7 2.6 .2 1978P 0.4 _ _ 1.2 .3 .4 _ _ (i) V / .2 . 1 .3 . 1 .2 '. 1 _ _ _ _ .*4 .3 .2 .5 . 1 _ _ _ - .6 .7 .3 _ - - .6 .5 . 1 1.3 _ — — — _ - _ — _ _ _ _ - .5 .3 .7 .4 .3 .7 2.3 2.5 5. 1 3.0 .5 . 1 .5 1. 0 1. 2 .2 .2 .3 .2 . 1 — - .5 .5 .6 - .6 .4 .5 .9 — .1 Nov. .1 1. 1 _ _ _ 1.7 1.6 1. 9 1.4 1. 0 .8 Oct. 1978P — - - .9 .3 1. 1 . 1 . 1 - n .1 2.2 - 2.7 — — - 1.4 — — '.4 .4 .2 .2 1.8 — - .3 .2 # .3 1 . 1 . 1 - ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry —Continued Accession rates 1972 SIC Code Separation rates New hires Total Total Recalls Quits Layoffs Industry Oct. 1978 387 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS—Cont'd Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 39 Nov. 1978P 1978 P 1978P Oct. 1978 _ _ - 2. 8 3. 8 4.6 3. 5 3.4 1.3 3. 1 _ _ _ _ - 5. 6 5. 6 5. 0 7. 6 10. 9 4. 0 3.8 6. 0 4. 2 3. 7 4.9 5. 7 2. 5 3. 0 11. 5 2. 9 7.9 3. 7 2. 5 2. 7 1. 9 7.2 4. 1 3.4 1. 1 4.4 5. 7 3.4 - 2.3 1. 0 - . 5 .2 4.2 3.4 4.3 4. 6 4. 5 4. 6 6. 7 5.4 4.2 5. 0 3. 5 2. 6 4. 3 5. 8 3*. 3 3.3 - . 5 .3 .3 .4 .4 . 6 . 7 .3 .4 . 5 . 9 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P _ _ - 1. 7 3. 0 3. 7 2. 6 5.3 1. 7 5. 8 _ _ _ _ - 1.3 1. 9 2. 5 1. 6 2. 7 1.3 2. 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ - .3 .3 1. 8 . 1 1. 7 _ _ _ _ - 6.4 5.4 4.3 10. 0 13. 8 6.0 3.9 6. 6 4. 8 6. 5 3. 8 3! 8 3.0 5.8 8.4 3. 1 2.2 4.4 2. 5 2. 7 1. 2 2 .5 — — - .4 1. 5 1. 5 1.4 .4 1.4 1.3 7. 5 6.5 - 3. 6 4. 6 1. 7 2.4 10. 6 2.3 6. 8 2. 5 2. 1 2. 3 1. 5 2. 6 2. 0 2. 6 . 6 3. 8 4. 1 2. 8 — - 3.0 1.3 2. 1 1. 5 . 1 . 7 11. 6 1. 1 . 9 . 6 2. 6 2. 7 . 7 2. 0 3. 7 . 9 3.2 3.0 3. 1 1.0 - 1.4 .2 . 8 - 5.1 4.3 4.8 5.2 4. 7 5. 8 5. 5 5. 1 6.2 5.4 5. 1 4.6 — - 3. 5 3. 1 3. 5 3.3 3. 1 3. 8 4.4 4. 1 3. 7 4.3 3. 1 4. 5 4.4 6. 5 4.0 - 2. 2 3.2 A 7 - 2.3 5. 7 3. 9 5. 8 5.3 5. 1 6.8 5. 6 5.4 5.6 4.7 5. 6 5. 7 6. 7 5. 5 — — 3.6 1. 9 4.2 4.0 3.9 5.2 3. 1 4. 0 4.3 2. 6 3. 6 3. 8 3. 9 2. 6 - 2. 8 1.3 1. 1 2.4 1.4 . 5 .5 1.2 Nov. Oct. 1978 Nov Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 391 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 399 INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Miscellaneous manufactures 3. 0 4.2 4. 9 4. 0 3. 6 1. 5 3. 8 5 6 8 8 6 8 2 0 1 4. 3 6. 6 7. 0 4. 1 3. 6 13.0 3.4 13. 0 4.4 2.8 2. 9 2.4 10. 8 5.3 4. 7 3. 1 5. 0 7. 1 4. 8 6. 6. 5. 8. 11. 5. 4. 7. 5. — - _ — - n2 . . 1 .3 .2 n2 . . 7 . 8 .4 0. 5 — — - .9 . 4 1.4 .2 1. 0 . 6 _ - n3 . '.9 — — - NONDURABLE GOODS 20 201 2011 2013 2016 202 203 204 205 2051 2052 206 207 208 2082 2086 209 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products , Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Preserved fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products 211 TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes 3.3 1.9 22 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 5. 4. 5. 5. 5. 21 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 227 228 229 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 234 2341 2342 236 238 239 26 261,2,6 262 Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods 1 5 0 3 1 5.4 7. 5 5. 8 4. 8 5. 6 4. 6 3. 6 4.9 6. 8 4. 1 — — - 4. 1 — — - APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products 5. 8 3. 5 5. 6 5.3 5.4 6. 9 5. 8 5. 9 6.3 4. 6 5. 5 6. 0 6.9 4.4 - PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper 2. 9 1.2 2.2 1. 1 - - - - 1. 5 . 8 1. 1 . 5 . 6 .3 4. 9 .5 .2 .2 .3 3. 2 1. 1 1. 1 2. 0 .3 1.2 1.2 - ! ~ - - .6 - . 7 .4 L - - .5 - 4.4 2. 5 4.4 4.3 4.3 5. 7 4. 0 5.2 5.4 4.2 4.3 4. 8 5. 7 3. 1 — — 1. 1 . 8 . 9 . 7 1.0 1. 1 1. 5 . 5 . 6 .2 1.0 . 9 1. 1 1.0 — - 2.4 1.0 . 9 1. 7 .3 . 1 . 1 .3 - 6.9 4.7 4. 7 11. 8 3.7 19.7 4. 5 3.7 3.4 5. 0 6.3 3.3 5. 5 4. 6 5. 7 8.0 2. 6 — — - — n . 7 .2 .2 1.0 . 7 1.2 .3 .3 1. 9 . 5 1.0 1. 4 .2 . 6 . 6 - - 1.0 — - 1.2 1. 5 1. 0 .6 . 8 . 9 1. 5 . 5 .4 .8 1. 1 1.2 1.4 2.0 — — .5 .3 .3 . 6 See footnotes at end of table. 143 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry—Continued Separation rates 1972 SIC Layoffs Quits Industry Oct. 1978 Nov 1978 1 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 P Oct. 1978 Nov.. 1978 1 Oct. 1978 Nov. 1 1978 Oct. 1978 Nov 1978* Oct. 1978 Nov. 1978 p 263 264 265 2651 2653 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes 2.0 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.7 27 271 272 273 274 275 2751 2752 278 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Bankbooks and bookbinding 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.3 4.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 2.6 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 4. 1 2.8 .3 . 1 .3 .6 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 284 2841 2844 285 286 287 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products .7 .3 .2 .1 .3 .7 1.9 2. 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 1. 1 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 .9 .8 1.0 .5 7 9 9 5 9 9 .8 1.9 1.8 1.0 .2 29 291 295 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 1.9 1.5 3.5 1.1 1.7 1.2 3. 1 .9 30 301 302 303.4 RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 5.7 2.2 9.7 4.2 4.9 1.3 8.2 3.3 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS 7. 1 5.3 7.4 7.7 7.5 5.4 5.7 3.5 6.0 6.6 5.2 4. 1 1.0 1.6 1.0 .7 1.6 1. 1 8.2 7.2 8.8 8.3 9.8 6.9 5.0 2.9 5.6 6.1 5.3 3.8 2. 1 3.4 2.0 1. 1 3. 1 2.0 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.0 .5 .6 4. 1 4. 0 2.8 2.4 .4 .7 2.9 1.4 1.5 3.5 2.4 .7 2. 1 .2 .2 . 1 1.0 3.0 3.1 1.3 2.3 1.5 .2 .6 1.2 .8 2. 1 .2 .6 1.8 1.5 1.0 .3 .3 1.4 1.7 .8 .6 .1 .6 4.7 .7 .9 6.3 5.6 4.6 4.0 .4 .4 306 307 31 311 314 3143 3144 Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic 1.5 2.9 3.3 2.8 3.3 5.1 5.1 6.6 0.2 .8 .6 .6 .3 0.5 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.1 4.5 3.0 2.2 2.6 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.7 2.9 1.9 .2 6 2 0 0 3 6 3 5 3.2 2.8 4.1 2.2 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.3 .7 .6 .4 .5 .6 .3 .8 .9 1.0 .6 1. 1 1.2 .4 1.1 1.0 .6 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 . 1 .2 1.6 1.7 2.1 .4 .2 .4 .4 1.6 1.0 3.7 2. 1 .8 .4 2. 1 .6 .2 . 1 .7 5. 1 1.8 7.7 4.5 3.2 .6 2.4 .2 .5 .3 1. 1 .6 .5 .2 .2 .7 .7 .8 1.0 .7 .8 5.9 .7 .4 .6 2.4 2.4 3.9 4.0 4. 1 6.1 .4 .4 .6 4.4 4.3 5.8 1.0 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.7 3.7 3.6 2.9 3.2 0. 1 .5 .3 .3 .2 0.5 .6 .5 .9 1.0 NONMANUFACTURING: MINING METAL MINING Iron ores 10 101 102 1.0 Copper ores BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING 13 131.2 6.9 14 142 144 COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication 1 6.4 5.8 1.3 9.1 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel 138 1.1 .. Leu than 0.05. 144 1.9 10.6 3. 1 2.8 3.8 1.4 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.2 1.5 9.7 .3 1.0 2.0 .3 .2 .6 .3 3. 1 2.9 4.3 .8 1. 1 p= preliminary. # - not available. .2 .5 .9 7.3 4.3 1.8 1.8 2.3 .4 1.6 .6 .6 1.0 .1 1.9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER D-3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted (Per 100 employees] Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Total accessions 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 3.7 4.3 5.2 4.6 3. 1 3.7 3. 8 3.8 5. 1 4.5 3.2 4.9 4.7 3.8 4.8 4.5 3.6 4.2 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 4.8 3.8 4.3 5.0 4. 7 3.0 1969 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 5.0 4. 1 3.8 4.7 4. 1 3.8 4.5 3.9 4.0 1.7 3.9 1.0 4.6 3.8 3.9 4.5 3.7 4. 0 4.7 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.6 4. 1 4.0 3.7 1.8 1.0 3.8 3.7 4.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.7 3. 1 3.9 4. 0 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 4. 1 4.4 5.0 3.3 3. 9 3.8 p4. 1 P 4. 5 3.5 2.4 2. 7 3.7 4. 1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 P 3.4 3.5 2.4 2. 9 4.0 3.8 1.9 2.5 2.6 3.3 4.6 3.8 4.2 New hires 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 3.7 3.3 2.4 3.0 4. 0 3.8 1.6 2.6 2.7 3. 1 . 1979 . . . . 3.8 3.2 2.4 3. 1 4.2 3.7 1.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.9 2.9 2.4 3.2 4. 1 3.6 1.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.8 2.8 2.5 3.2 4.0 3.5 1.7 2.8 2.8 3. 1 3. 7 2.7 2.5 3.3 4.0 3.5 1.8 2. 7 3.0 3.0 3.9 2. 8 2.5 3.2 3.8 3.3 1.9 2.7 3.7 2.8 2.6 3.2 3.7 3.2 2.3 2.6 3.5 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.7 3. 1 2.3 2.5 3.7 2. 6 2.6 3.4 3.8 3.0 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.8 3. 1 3.6 2.5 2.5 3.6 3.9 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.4 5.0 5.0 4. 1 4. 1 4.7 4.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3. 9 4.9 4.7 4. 1 4.3 4.8 5. 1 3.8 3.7 3.9 P 4.0 4.9 4.4 4. 1 4.4 4.8 4.9 3.5 3.7 3.9 . . . Total separations 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 4.6 5.0 . . 4.9 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.2 4. 1 4.2 4.2 4.2 i t.5 t. 9 L 6 t. 0 $.9 >.9 \ >.9 4.2 4.6 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.9 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 2.7 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 1. 9 2.7 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.9 2. 3 2.7 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 D2.0 P 2. 2 2. 6 1. 9 1.9 2.6 2.7 1.7 1. 5 1. 7 2. 0 1.1 1.9 2.0 1. 1 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 .9 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.5 1.0 .8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1. 1 . 9 1.3 2.0 1.4 . 9 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.0 p . 8 1.4 1. 7 1.3 . 9 1. 1 2.5 1.3 1.2 . 5. 1 5.2 3.6 4. 0 3.8 5.0 5. 0 3.6 4. 1 3.8 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 i i. Oiits 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 . . . 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 2.7 2.4 1.8 2. 1 2.8 2.7 1.4 1. 6 1.9 2. 0 2.7 2.5 1.7 2. 1 2.9 2.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 2. 0 2.8 2.3 1. 7 2.2 2.9 2.7 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.7 2. 1 1.8 2.2 2.8 2.6 1.3 1.7 1.9 2. 1 2.7 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.8 2.5 1.4 1.7 1. 8 2. 1 1.1 2. 1 1.8 2.2 2.7 2.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 2. 0 Layoffs 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 . 1. 1 1.5 1.7 1.2 .9 1.4 2.9 1.2 1.3 .9 1. 1 1.7 1.5 1.2 .8 1.3 2.9 1.0 1.4 .9 1. 1 1.8 1.5 1. 1 .9 1.2 2. 7 1.2 1. 1 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.5 1.2 .8 1. 1 2.6 1.3 1. 1 .9 1. 1 1.9 1.6 1.2 .9 1.0 2.5 1.3 1. 1 1.0 1. 1 1.9 1.5 1.4 .9 1. 1 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 i i L.5 .5 .4 .2 .2 .7 .4 .2 . 9 1.9 L. 1 L.O .9 L.3 L.7 .4 L. 1 .8 1.0 preliminary. 145 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas [Per 100 employees ] Separation rates Accession rates New hires Total Sept. 1978 ALABAMA: Oct. 1978 P Sept. Oct. Sept. 1978 1978 P 978 Layoffs Quits O c t . - Sept. 1978 P 1978 Sept. Oct. 1978 P 197S Oct. 1978P . ARKANSAS ... ... Fort Smith Little Rock—North Little Rock Pine Bluff 2 COLORADO Denver—Boulder CONNECTICUT Hartford DELAWARE Wilmington .. FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Jacksonville Miami ... Orlando Pensacola Tampa—St Petersburg West Palm Beach—Boca Raton GEORGIA Atlanta 4 5 IDAHO 6 1. 2 1. 5 0. 6 3. 6 0. 6 4. 0 12. 4 12. 3 11. 7 1. 4 . 5 2.8 27. 1 1. 5 8. 0 0. 7 16.2 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 6. 7. 4. 4. 6. 6. 4. 3. 2 9 9 4 5. 4 6. 0 3.8 3. 5 . 6 . 4 . 5 .8 1. . . . 1 1 9 6 7. 7 8.4 7. 9 4. 6 7. 1 9.8 6.4 3. 8 5. 6. 3. 3. 5 0 6 2 4. 6 5. 3 3.2 2. 6 1. 1. 2. . 1. 3. 2. . 10. 6 5.4 5.8 6.0 6. 7 5. 0 . 4 .2 3.8 . 3 6. 9 6. 0 4. 6 4. 0 5. 2 4. 6 2.8 2.9 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 2.8 2.4 2. 4 1.8 1. 5 1. 2 1. 6 1. 0 ..4 . 4 .2 . 1 2. 5 2. 5 2. 0 1. 7 1. 2 1. 1 9 . 7 . 7 . 9 6. 7 5.9 5. 5 6. 5 5. 5 5. 6 1. 1 . 5 1. 1 . 2 5.8 6. 5 5. 1 5. 3 4. 0 5. 0 3. 4 3. 6 . 7 . 4 . 6 . 6 6.2 4.6 1. 5 8. 1 4. 7 6. 6. 1. 7. 5. 5. 4. 1. 7. 4. 2 0 5 0 4 5. 5 5.9 1. 3 7. 0 4.4 .8 . 5 3 ( ) . 9 . 3 . . . . . 4. 4. 2. 7. 4. 5. 4. 1. 7. 2. 3 7 4 3 5 3. 4 3. 2 1. 1 5.4 3. 0 3. 7 2. 6 . 8 5. 3 1.8 . 5 . 4 .8 . 9 . 7 . 5 . 6 . 2 . 7 3 () 4. 5 3. 7 4. 1 3. 8 3. 8 3. 1 . 5 . 4 . 4 . 4 5. 0 4. 2 4. 1 3. 2 3. 6 2. 6 2. 9 1. 9 . 4 . 4 . 3 . 4 3. 1 1. 5 1. 6 1. 5 1. 4 2. 7 1. 6 1. 2 .8 . 8 2 5. 2 5. 5 4. 7 . 5 . 4 6. 7 5. 1 4. 5 3.8 1. 2 . 5 4. 0 . . . 1. 7 2.4 6.4 .. 2. 7 6. 3 3. 1 . . Phoenix 3.4 7. 2 4. 8 4. 5 ARIZONA 0. 5 7. 3 6.8 7. 1 ALASKA 0. 5 3. 0 7. 2 8. 1 5.8 4. 5 . . . . 1.9 1.3 (*) (*) . . . 2.2 2.2 (*) (*) . 2.8 8.8 6. 3 6.4 ! 3. 0 5. 4 3. 9 Birmingham Mobile HAWAII Sept. Oct. 1978 P 1978 Total Recalls 4. 0 3.4 3. 3 . 2 .2 4. 0 3. 7 2. 6 2. 1 .2 . 3 . 5 .. 3 4. 3 3. 0 3. 3 3. 0 2. 2 1.8 1. 7 1. 3 1. 3 . 3 . 8 . 6 6 1 9 4 1 2 7 7 2 ILLINOIS: Chicago SMSA (*) (*) (*) (*) 5 3 4 5 8 9 5 1 5 1 0 0 7 9 . 6 . 3 3 0 3 6 1. 0 . 2 (*) (*) (*) (*) . . 5 . 6 . . . . 3. 7 3. 6 3. 5 3. 2 2.8 2. 7 2. 5 2. 1 . 5 . 2 ... 4. 4 3.2 5. 7 3. 7 2. 6 5. 5 3. 5 2. 6 4. 1 3. 0 2. 0 3. 7 . 7 . 4 . 9 . 4 . 4 . 1 4. 0 2. 9 5. 0 3. 2 3.8 3. 9 2. 7 1. 6 3. 3 2. 0 1. 3 2. 6 . 6 . 6 . 4 . 5 1.8 . 2 6. 7 2. 0 7. 8 5. 4 3. 2 6. 3 6. 1 1. 9 6.9 4. 7 2. 2 5. 5 . 3 . 1 . 4 . 5 1. 0 . 5 5. 9 4. 4 5. 4 4. 2 1. 9 4. 0 4. 2 2. 0 4. 1 3. 0 1. 2 2. 5 . 6 1. 9 . 1 . 3 . 7 . 1 3.8 3. 2 3.8 3. 1 2. 7 1.8 2. 6 1. 5 .6 .6 .8 4. 0 4. 5 3. 3 3. 0 2. 0 1. 7 1. 7 1. 1 . 9 1. 2 . 7 . 4 5. 1 5. 7 4. 4 5. 0 . 5 . 4 4. 6 5. 0 3. 1 2. 9 . 4 1. 0 6. 7 5. 4 6. 3 5. 0 5.6 4.8 5.0 4.6 .8 . 4 1. 0 . 2 8.4 7. 9 5. 5 5. 7 5. 6 6. 1 3. 5 3. 2 1. 7 .8 1. 1 1. 7 3. 9 4. 0 2. 9 2. 5 2. 3 1. 9 2. 0 1. 8 1. 4 1. 9 3. 3 2.9 2. 6 2. 3 1. 7 1. 3 1. 3 1. 1 . 9 . 9 . 7 4. 7 4. 1 (*) 4. 0 3.4 (*) (*) (*) (*) 4. 5 4. 0 (*) (*) 3. 0 2. 5 (*) (*) . 6 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) INDIANA Indianapolis . . . . IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines . .. . . . .. KANSAS Topeka Wichita KENTUCKY . . . . . . . . . . Louisville . 2 LOUISIANA New Orleans . ... MAINE Portland MARYLAND Baltimore .. . . . . MASSACHUSETTS Boston MICHIGAN .. . Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Lansing-East Lansing See footnotes at end of table. 146 .... (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)• ( * ) ( * ) ( * ) ( * ) ( * ) . 5 . 4 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) .6 .6 .5 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) . 6 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued [ Per 100 employees ] Accession rates New hires Total Sept. 1978 Oct. 1978P Sept. 1978 Oct. Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 Layoffs Quits Total Recalls Oct. Sept. 1978 P 1978 Sept. Oct. 1978 P 1978 Sept. Oct. 9 7 8 P Q78 Oct. MINNESOTA Minneapolis—St Paul 5. 3 4. 3 4. 6 3. 7 4. 6 3.8 3. 9 3. 3 0. 5 . 3 0. 5 . 2 5. 9 4. 1 4. 9 3. 6 4. 5 3. 2 2. 7 2. 2 0.8 . 3 1. 6 . 6 MISSISSIPPI: Jackson 6. 2 5. 5 5. 2 4. 6 . 7 . 5 4. 5 6. 1 2. 7 3. 1 . 3 1. 5 3. 9 3. 7 3. 1 3. 6 3. 8 2.8 3. 2 3. 2 2. 4 2. 8 3. 2 2. 1 . 4 . 3 . 4 . 6 . 5 . 5 4. 0 3. 7 3. 1 3. 7 3.4 2. 9 2. 5 2. 4 1. 5 2. 0 2. 1 1. 2 . 7 . 4 . 7 .8 . 5 .8 MISSOURI Kansas City . .... St Louis (*) (*) MONTANA (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) NEBRASKA 5. 9 5. 0 5.4 4. 5 . 4 . 2 5. 3 4. 9 4. 2 3. 3 . 2 . 8 NEVADA 9. 0 9- 4 8. 5 9- 0 . 4 . 2 8. 9 7.4 6. 6 5. 7 . 4 . 4 NEW HAMPSHIRE 5. 3 5. 3 4. 7 4.8 . 4 . 3 5. 5 4. 6 4. 1 3. 5 . 5 . 3 3. 4 5. 1 3. 3 3. 9 4. 6 4. 4 3.2 3.8 4. 6 2. 7 3. 0 3. 9 3. 3 3. 2 2. 7 4. 3 2. 4 2.8 4. 1 3. 2 2. 4 3. 0 3.8 2. 1 2. 4 3. 5 2.8 2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 4. 3. 3. 5. 4. 3. 1 9 6 7 0 0 1 3. 5. 3. 2. 4. 3. 3. 2 0 6 7 0 6 1 2. 3. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 0 0 7 0 9 3 5 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 3 5 2 2 9 5 1 . 6 .8 1. 0 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 1. 1. . . 1. 1. 4. 5 2. 9 3.4 4. 0 4.0 2. 5 6. 1 5. 3 5. 1 5. 4 3. 8 2.8 2. 9 3. 5 3. 9 2. 5 3. 0 2. 5 2. 5 2. 0 6. 2 5. 0 4. 8 5. 0 2. 7 3. 2 2.8 3. 5 3. 1 1. 7 3. 0 2. 0 1.8 • 1.8 4.8 3. 6 3. 3 3. 4 2.8 2. 4 2. 3 2. 7 2. 6 1. 5 2. 7 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 4. 8 3. 2 2. 7 2.8 2. 1 2. 5 2. 0 2. 6 1.2 . 6 . 2 1. 7 2. 0 . 6 1. 1 1. 5 1. 6 1.8 .8 . 3 . 5 . 6 1. 1 . 4 . 2 . 7 . 6 . 1 1. 3 1.8 1. 9 2. 1 . 4 . 5 . 7 . 4 4. 2 3.8 3. 1 3. 1 3. 5 2.9 5. 9 4.9 4.6 4. 8 3.9 3. 5 3. 0 3. 4 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 1. 4. 4. 4. 4. 3. 2. 2. 2. 6 3 3 1 5 9 5 3 3 6 0 4 5 2 2. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 4. 2. 1. .1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2 6 1 5 5 3 1 2 7 7 9 7 6 0 1. 1. 1. . 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 4 0 5 8 3 3 8 6 3 3 7 1 1 0 1. 1. . 1. . . . 1. 1. 2. . 1. . . 1 2 2 0 5 1 7 6 9 1 4 1 7 6 1. 4 1. 2 . 2 1. 4 . 2 . 2 . 6 2. 0 2. 3 2. 6 .8 . 6 . 9 .5 5. 8 5. 9 5. 0 5. 3 6.2 4.8 5. 0 5. 3 4. 6 4. 6 5. 4 4. 3 . 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 6 . 2 5. 2 6. 0 4. 5 4. 6 5. 3 4. 0 4. 0 5. 0 3. 6 3. 5 4. 3 3. 0 . 2 . 1 . 1 02 . 11. 1 8. 7 8. 7 6. 2 7.4 5. 5 6. 0 5. 5 3. 5 2. 9 1. 9 . 1 7. 2 7. 2 6.4 4. 5 6. 0 3. 7 4. 0 3. 6 . 3 2. 5 1. 7 . 1 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 3 1 4 9 5 0 6 4 5 2.8 2. 1 2. 7 2.8 3. 4 2. 6 2. 2 3. 0 2.8 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. . 5 3 2 3 9 5 1 8 9 2. 1 1. 7 1. 7 2. 5 2. 7 2. 1 1.8 2. 0 . 9 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 3. 6 2. 3 3.8 3. 2 3. 4 3. 6 2. 7 3. 5 3. 2 3. 2 1. 5 2. 5 2. 5 3. 0 3. 0 2. 9 2.4 2. 7 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1 0 3 0 1 0 7 2 1 1. 4 .8 1. 1 1. 3 1. 4 1. 7 1. 0 . 9 . 5 . . . . . . . 1. 1. . . . . . . . . 1. 7. 4 7. 2 7. 5 6.9 7. 0 7. 0 6. 7 6. 5 7. 0 6. 3 6.4 6. 5 . 5 . 6 . 3 . 5 . 5 . 3 6.8 6. 7 7. 4 6. 1 6. 0 5. 9 5. 2 5. 3 4. 9 4. 5 4. 5 4. 1 . 6 . 4 1. 3 . 6 . 5 . 4 OREGON 1 Portland* 4. 7 5. 2 4.8 6. 3 4. 0 4. 5 4. 1 5. 3 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 9 6. 0 6.2 4. 2 5. 4 4. 0 3.8 2. 6 2. 9 1. 1 1. 5 . 8 1. 4 PENNSYLVANIA 3. 2 2.9 1. 9 3. 5 3. 1 3. 0 3. 6 3. 1. 1. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3 1.9 1. 0 2.8 2. 5 1.2 3. 3 2. 1 1. 2 .9 2. 0 1.8 .8 3. 1 . 7 .8 . 7 . 3 . 3 1.8 . 1 . 6 . 3 . 3 . 7 . 3 2.6 . 2 3.4 3. 1 2. 7 3.4 3.9 4. 0 4. 3 2. 7 1.9 2. 5 2.8 2. 6 3. 0 3. 6 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 3. 1.2 1. 0 1. 0 1. 3 1. 5 . 9 2. 4 .8 . 7 1. 1 . 5 . 8 2. 2 . 5 . . 1. . . 1. . (*) (*) NEW JERSEY: Camden Hackensack Jersey City Newark New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville Paterson—Clifton—Passaic Trenton . . . . . . NEW YORK Albany—Schenectady—Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County .... Nassau-Suffolk 1 0 New York and Nassau-Suffolk New York S M S A 1 0 New York City u Rochester Syracuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utica—Rome Westchester County ** NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte—Gastonia Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point NORTH DAKOTA Fargo— Moo rhead OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati . . . . Cleveland Columbus Dayton .... Toledo Youngstown—Warren . . OKLAHOMA .. Oklahoma City Tulsa 12 A l l e n t o w n - Bethlehem—Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster ... . . . ... 0 7 5 4 4 5 5 3 6 7 8 3 8 6 6 6 5 3 2 3 6 9 7 2 0 5 2 0 6 7 4 5 2 7 2 2 1 9 3 5 5 6 0 0 . 2 9 2 7 4 6 6 6 3 2 8 5 0 6 4 7 6 See footnotes at end of table. 147 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued I Per 100 employees I Separation rates Accession rates Total State and area Sept. 1978 New hires Oct. Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 Oct Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 O c t . n Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 Layoffs Qu its Total Recalls Oct. Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 Oct Sept. 1 9 7 8 P 1978 Oct. H p 1978 PENNSYLVANIA—Continued 3.9 3. 2 2.2 4. 5 4. 0 3.4 2. 5 6. 3 3. 5 2.9 2. 0 4. 0 4. 1 2. 5 3. 4 5. 7 7.8 7. 5 2. 5 2. 4 1.2 3. 3 2. 6 2. 0 4. 7 2. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 2. 4. 3 2 1 2 7 6 2 3 1. 1 . 6 . 7 1. 0 1. 3 1. 0 . 5 1. 5 1. 0 . 6 . 5 . 7 1. 3 . 6 1. 1 1. 2 4. 1 3. 5 2. 4 3. 4 4. 5 3. 6 3.8 4. 3 3. 7 2. 7 2. 4 2. 9 3. 1 3.8 3. 5 4. 1 1. 9 1.8 1. 1 2. 2 1. 7 1.8 1.8 3.2 1. 5 1. 2 . 6 1.8 1. 3 1.4 1. 3 2.6 1. 5 . 9 . 7 . 4 2. 0 . 9 1. 5 . 5 1. 7 .8 1. 1 . 4 1. 4 2. 0 1. 7 .8 6.0 6. 3 6.9 6.6 5. 1 5. 5 . 5 . 5 . 6 .6 7. 3 6. 5 5. 5 5. 7 5. 3 4. 7 3.8 4. 1 . 7 . 7 1. 0 . 9 4.6 6. 5 4. 5 5. 1 4. 5 5.8 4. 5 4.8 3.9 5. 0 4. 1 4. 6 3.8 5. 0 4. 1 4. 3 . 4 1. 4 . 2 . 3 . . . . 4. 4. 4. 4. 4 6 6 9 3. 9 5.4 3. 7 4. 5 3. 2 3. 0 3.4 3. 6 2. 7 2.9 2. 6 3. 0 . . . . 6.7 5. 6 5.2 4. 4 6.4 5.4 4. 9 4. 2 . 2 . 2 . 1 . 2 5.8 5. 1 4. 3 3. 7 4. 6 3. 9 3. 3 2. 7 . 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 3. 7 3. 2 3. 3 2. 7 . 2 . 3 3. 9 3. 6 2. 5 1. 8 . 6 . 8 7. 3 5. 4 4.9 6. 1 4.9 5. 1 5. 9 5. 2 4. 5 5. 6 4. 7 4. 7 1. 3 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 2 . 2 6. 0 5. 0 5. 2 5. 3 4. 6 4. 6 4. 6 3. 8 3. 9 4. 0 3. 2 3. 3 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 4 UTAH4 Salt Lake C i t y - O g d e n 4 6.9 6. 1 7.2 9-2 6.2 5.8 6.9 9. 1 . 5 . 3 . 1 . 1 7. 6 7. 1 6. 0 6. 1 5.8 5. 4 4.2 4. 3 . 6 . 7 . 7 . 8 VERMONT 4. 3 2. 5 2.8 4. 0 3. 2 4. 1 3. 8 ' >. 2 4 3. 5 2.9 3. 6 . 3 . 1 . 4 . 3 . 1 . 5 4. 5 3. 4 3. 5 3. 2 1. 9 2. 7 2. 9 1. 4 1.8 1.8 .8 . 8 . 9 1. 4 1. 1 . 8 . 9 1. 4 4. 4 2.9 3.9 2. 7 3. 5 2. 3 3. 1 2. 2 . 5 . 2 . 5 4. 3 2. 4 3. 6 2. 3 2. 9 1. 4 2. 2 1. 0 . 4 . 1 . 5 . 4 Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelphia SMSA Pittsburgh Scranton . Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton 13 . . . .. . Williamsport York RHODE ISLAND Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket . SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston—North Charleston Columbia Greenville Spartan burg SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE: Memphis . . TEXAS: Dallas-Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Burlington Springfield VIRGINIA Richmond WASHINGTON: Seattle—Everett 1.9 M WISCONSIN Milwaukee . . . . . . . . WYOMING . . . . 3 7 3 3 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 3. 1 3.4 3. 1 2. 6 2. 5 2. 7 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 3 4. 6 3. 4 3. 4 2. 7 2. 5 1.8 1. 4 1. 2 1.2 . 5 1. 1 . 4 8. 5 12. 0 7. 3 7. 3 1. 2 4. 3 10. 0 5. 6 6. 7 3. 7 . 9 1. 2 10 Based on the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Less than 0.05. Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies. Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. 1 Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. n (*) 2 2 2 2 3.9 3.4 Excludes canning and preserving. 148 3 7 3 2 (*) Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's. * Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment. Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 14 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing, preliminary. 13 13 * Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA JE-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas (Numbers in thouiandi) Unemployment Labor force Percent of labor force Number State and area NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 1*598.7 375.7 132.7 179.3 114.2 52.3 1*596.3 107.9 24.1 169.0 185.5 993.6 587.0 184.6 NOV. OCT. 1977 1978 1*536.1 359.3 126.2 174.7 106.6 53.0 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 91.3 93.9 19.5 19.7 5.9 5.2 6.0 6.3 5.5 6.3 8.3 7.6 7.9 7.0 6.7 6.6 13.6 11.5 11.3 7.9 6.2 4.0 6.2 6.3 2.8 3.3 5.7 7.6 5.7 5.2 5.7 6.4 5.5 5.4 182.7 16.0 18.9 21.1 9.4 10.2 11.5 1*030.2 616.9 191.2 1*045.5 627.6 192.5 71.6 36.1 13.5 53.7 28.0 59.1 29.6 9.8 5.2 4.5 4.7 5.7 9.1 7.2 6.2 7.3 928.6 69.7 80.5 177.7 35.6 938.0 70.5 83.1 176.7 36.7 931.0 71.3 84.4 177.4 36.2 56.9 6.1 4.5 6.6 4.1 5.3 6.7 5.0 8.3 5.3 8.4 10*331.0 951.0 169.5 243.1 3*409.0 125.7 197.8 521.8 432.7 122.8 666.1 1*539.4 627.2 131.9 113.5 153.9 117.5 10*639.2 997.7 167.6 255.6 3*532.0 129.1 204.5 536.3 441.8 126.6 677.1 1*537.5 658.7 131.8 117.1 167.9 121.4 10*616.9 999.7 168.9 247.2 3*521.0 128.3 202.2 543.3 445.7 124.5 682.5 1*553.0 664.5 134.5 115.8 153.5 120.4 820.6 54.7 17.0 25.6 251.0 16.3 18.0 42.8 36.7 10.3 54.7 7.9 5.8 5.9 4.3 8.1 7.6 5.4 7.9 7.9 6.4 6.4 5.5 6.5 5.6 4.9 COLORADO Denver—Boulder 1*251.5 737.2 1.327.1 771.7 1*324.2 775.7 CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven-West Haven Stamford Waterbury 1*497.9 184.2 355.7 71.1 197.2 111.2 105.6 1*514.5 185.3 362.4 69.9 195.7 118.2 106.1 1*532.4 188.0 367.0 71.6 197.9 119.1 107.4 4.4 6.7 272.6 240.9 278.0 243.0 277.4 243.2 D I S T R I C T O F COLUMBIA Washington SMSA 1 327.4 1*550.3 331.3 1*568.4 FLORIDA 2 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood 3*642.6 363.6 304.1 703.7 282.0 109.8 561.7 202.2 2*280.1 868.6 123.1 87.5 106.1 89.4 ALABAMA Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa ALASKA ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson • ARKANSAS Fayetteville-Springdale Fort Smith 1 Little Rock-North Little Rock . . . . Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA* Anaheim-Santa Ana—Garden Grove Bakersfield Fresno .,,.,. Los Angeles-Long Beach a. Modesto Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario . Sacramento Salinas-Seaside-Monterey San Diego San Francisco—Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc Santa Rosa Stockton Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa DELAWARE Wilmington l Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola Tampa—St. Petersburgh West Palm Beach-Boca Raton GEORGIA Atlanta Augusta 1 Columbus 1 Macon Savannah 377.0 132.2 178.9 114.5 52.5 63.2 74.5 3.1 3.5 5.3 7.2 6.9 9.4 3.1 4.4 8.9 1.9 108.1 41.3 632.6 42.8 13.6 19.3 192.0 10.2 16.1 34.5 28.4 10.7 3.1 642.1 37.3 13.2 19.2 224.0 12.4 13.2 30.7 28.1 7.0 8.7 43.8 66.2 32.6 37.5 79.8 31.1 7.2 10.0 10.5 7.4 13.0 9.1 8.2 8.5 8.4 8.2 7.0 6.6 6.8 4.8 5.1 8.0 6.2 10.5 6.0 8.5 6.0 3.7 7.8 7.8 6.3 9.6 6.5 5.6 6.3 7.0 5.5 5.1 6.0 7.9 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.8 9.1 5.6 5.4 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.5 5.1 3.1 8.2 4.7 5.3 5.4 5.9 4.8 5.5 6.3 4.0 6.3 4.4 4.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.0 5.0 19.8 17.5 18.3 14.9 18.7 15.1 7.3 7.3 6.6 6.1 6.8 6.2 336.3 1*578.3 26.8 71.1 27.3 70.1 26.8 71.2 8.8 4.6 8.2 4.5 8.0 4.5 3,764.2 374.4 314.6 724.1 293.8 115.2 582.8 208.5 3*742.7 370.6 310.0 716.8 292.0 113.1 576.5 211.9 275.4 30.4 19.0 56.3 20.6 264.5 26.4 20.4 51.6 ,19.3 233.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.1 5.7 7.1 6.2 7.0 6.1 38.8 15.9 35.9 16.8 32.5 14.6 7.6 8.4 6.3 8.3 7.4 5.6 6.9 7.9 6.6 6.1 6.2 8.1 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.6 6.9 2*353.0 2*350.7 888.7 127.9 89.5 106.5 89.8 151.3 59.6 137.3 49.9 142.7 51,8 8.6 6.3 8.3 5.7 7.0 6.1 8.1 6.0 7.6 6.4 6.6 6.9 7.0 7.2 9.8 7.7 5.P 5.7 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.9 879.2 128.4 88.5 105.8 88.1 7.5 9.0 9.6 7.0 6.7 8.5 18.8 13.2 14.0 12.2 9.5 6.5 6.8 8.1 71.7 62.8 34.0 65.3 34.8 5.7 81.4 10.8 17.0 66.7 69.3 9.1 9.6 14.8 15.4 3.9 2.9 6.5 4.6 39.6 12.5 10.4 6.9 22.7 17.6 45.5 17.3 5.7 4.5 5.1 6.1 5.8 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.1 See footnotes at end of table. 149 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Labor force Percent of Number State and area NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT 1978 labor forei NOV 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P HAWAII Honolulu 401.3 318.1 405.1 320.1 410.2 324.2 30.2 23.5 34 . 4 26 • 6 32 • 3 24 • 6 7• 5 7• 4 8 .5 8• 4 7.9 7.6 IDAHO Boise City 390.2 78.5 420.5 90.7 404.5 89.3 19.9 2.5 18 • 0 2.7 22 • 0 3•2 5 .1 3 .2 4• 3 3• 0 5.4 3.6 5*275.4 61.4 76.3 3*357.7 174.4 61.4 172.7 132.4 97.0 5*416.4 63.8 78.2 3,443.4 184.3 62.2 178.7 139.0 97.7 5*423.5 64.2 78.5 3*456.8 183.0 61.9 179.0 139.5 97.6 330.8 2.2 3.3 206.3 9.3 4.3 9.3 9.9 5.3 288 . 9 2• 0 3• 3 183 . 9 7.5 3• 6 7 .7 6 .9 5 .5 280 • 8 2 .2 3•3 173 • 8 7• 4 3•5 7.9 6•5 5•4 6 .3 3 .6 4•3 6 .1 5 ,4 7 .0 5 >4 7 ,5 5 .4 5• 3 3.2 4 .2 5• 3 4.1 5• 8 4• 3 5• 0 5• 6 5.2 3.4 4.2 5.0 4.0 5.7 4.4 4.7 5.5 2*471.0 134.5 176.0 282.7 554.4 56.2 132.4 77.1 2*587.3 138.6 187.8 289.5 572.8 57.6 138.0 80.4 2*597.9 139.4 189.2 292.2 576.7 58.0 138.8 80.5 122.9 6.0 7.3 17.6 27.7 3.1 6.6 3.9 128 . 8 6 .6 8 .3 15 . 2 26 .4 3 .5 7 .1 3 .7 133 • 8 7 .0 8 .2 15 . 7 27 • 3 3 .5 6 .9 3 .7 5 .0 4 ,5 4 .1 6 ,2 5 ,0 5 >6 5 »0 5,,0 5•0 4•8 4 .4 5 .2 4•6 6 .1 5 .2 4 »6 5.2 5.0 4.3 5.4 4.7 6.0 5.0 4.5 1.390.5 83.7 172.5 44.3 59.5 66.5 1*433.6 8-6.3 177.0 45.4 58.7 66.6 1*411.2 86.3 176.9 45.2 58.7 67.3 48.0 2.4 5.9 2.0 2.9 2.4 37 .3 1 .9 4 .8 1 ,7 2 .8 2 .6 44 ,9 2 ti 5 .5 1 .8 3 ,2 3 .0 3, 4 2,>8 3, 4 4, 5 4, 9 3, 6 2 .6 2 ,2 2 ,7 3 ,7 4 >8 3 .9 3.2 2.6 3.1 4.1 5.4 4.4 1*123.0 94.5 208.0 1*170.3 95.6 215.5 1*167.0 96.8 218.9 44.1 4.3 9.5 29 .3 3, 1 6,,0 28 .5 3, 1 5,.8 3. 9 4, 6 4, 6 2 »5 3.,3 2..8 2.4 3.2 2.6 1*562.9 158.9 405.8 1*591.1 164.4 418.8 1*580.0 164.5 420.6 67.5 5.0 19.0 75, 0 5.,0 20, 9 74, 0 5, .0 19, 6 4, 3 3, 1 4, 7 4, 7 3, 1 5. 0 4.7 3.0 4.7 1*553.4 197.8 64.4 51.1 456.8 143.9 1*617.3 201.3 63.5 53.0 457.6 149.4 1*606.4 200.8 62.5 52.6 459.6 149.6 97.9 13.3 4.4 3.3 32.0 8.2 96, 11. 4, 3. 27, 8. 6 2 3 4 4 0 94, 8 11. 4 4, 0 3. 2 28, 1 7, 8 6. 6. 6. 6. 3 7 8 5 7. 0 5. 7 6. 5. 6. 6, 6. 5. 0 6 8 4 0 4 5.9 5.7 6.4 6.0 6.1 5.2 467.0 37.0 84.5 473.8 36.9 86.4 471.4 37.2 87.0 34.5 2.4 5.5 24, 2 1. 5 3, 6 24, 9 1. 5 3, 5 7. 4 6. 6 6. 5 5. 1 4. 1 4. 2 5.3 4.1 4.0 MARYLAND Baltimore 1*962.9 979.0 2*051.3 1*055.8 2*058.4 1*059.8 103.9 58.1 94. 7 53. 5 100. 8 55. 1 5. 3 5. 9 4. 6 5. 1 4.9 5.2 MASSACHUSETTS ? Boston Brockton Fall River1 2*799.6 1*350.2 78.6 76.5 N.A. 109.6 82.5 275.5 195.4 2*805.1 1*364.6 82.6 78.2 138.0 111.8 80.0 272.6 196.0 2*843.0 1*382.1 83.8 79.3 140.1 113.0 80.7 277.3 200.4 193.6 91.5 5.5 5.6 N.A. 7.6 7.6 16.9 10.7 120. 55. 3. 3. 7. 5. 4. 11. 6. 148. 5 63. 8 4. 5 4. 9 9. 0 6. 1 6. 0 13. 6 9. 1 6. 9 6. 8 7. 0 7. 4 N.A . 6. 9 9. 2 6. 1 5. 5 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 3. 3 1 3 6 5 1 4 5.2 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.4 5.4 7.4 4.9 4.5 4*183.2 134.8 61.5 53.7 1*993.5 220.8 4,182.0 136.8 81.3 54.0 1*984.0 226.1 4*228.8 139.9 82.2 54.8 2*006.0 230.0 323.4 7.6 6.7 229. 3 5. 9 4. 5 2. 8 105. 5 14. 0 279. 4 6. 9 5. 2 , 3. 1 125. 6 16. 5 7. 7 5. 6 8.2 8. 3 7. 4 7. 4 5. 4. 5. 5. 5. 6. 5 3 5 1 3 2 6.6 4.9 6.3 5.7 6.3 7.2 ILLINOIS 2 . . Bloomington—Normal Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul . Chicago Davenport—Rock Island—Moline Decatur Peoria Rockford Springfield INDIANA Evansville * Fort Wayne Gary—Hammond-East Chicago Indianapolis Muncie South Bend Terre Haute IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City ! Waterloo-Cedar Falls KANSAS Topeka Wichita KENTUCKY Lexingtoo-Fayette Louisville LOUISIANA Baton Rouge Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport MAINE Lewiston—Auburn Portland Lawrence-Haverhili1 Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke Worcester MICHIGAN 2 Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint » See footnotes at end of table. 150 ' 4.4 147.2 16.4 6 7 6 8 3 2 4 1 7 4 9 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued (Numbers in thousands) Percent of Labor force Number State and area NOV. 1977 MICHIGAN-—Continued Grand Rapids Jackson OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 287.1 65.4 131.4 228.8 75.9 102.6 289.7 66.0 131.8 229.1 75.6 103.3 291.9 65.7 132.7 232.8 76.9 105.4 17.2' 4.9 8.4 15.6 6.9 6.7 11.8 3.2 6.2 10.6 4.6 4.7 1*947.7 113.8 1*046.6 2*039.1 121.4 1*072.5 2*033.5 118.5 1*070.8 83.9 9.2 37.4 59.6 4.9 27.9 974.8 138.5 978.3 140.2 969.7 141.0 68.5 8.0 65.5 7.4 2t210.1 661.5 45.0 ltO63.8 98.3 2,257.9 677.1 43.6 1,076.0 101.7 2*245.4 677.9 44.2 1*082.2 101.6 116.3 35.2 2.7 64.1 4.4 97.5 25.2 MONTANA . . Billings . . . Great Falls 342.0 53.6 35.4 363.5 53.3 35.2 360.8 54.0 35.5 NEBRASKA . . . Lincoln Omaha' 752.7 107.3 276.3 785.4 113.6 261.9 NEVADA . . Las Vegas Reno . . . 329.0 178.2 93.9 Ka la ma zoo—Portage Lansing-East Lansing Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights Saginaw MINNESOTA Duluth—Superior * . . Minneapolis-St. Paul MISSISSIPPI . Jackson . . MISSOURI . . . Kansas C i t y ! St. Joseph . St. Louis 1 . . Springfield . NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW J E R S E Y 2 Atlantic City Jersey City Long Branch-Asbury Park Newark New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville . . Paterson-Clifton-Passaic Trenton Vineland-Millville-Brldgeton NEW M E X I C O Albuquerque NEW Y O R K 2 Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton1 Buffalo Elmira Nassau-Suffolk New York New York City 2 Poughkeepsie Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point Raleigh—Durham NORTH DAKOTA . . Fargo-Moorehead* labor force NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 14.8 3.7 7.1 6.0 7.5 6.4 6.B 9.1 6.6 4.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.7 5.3 5.3 8.1 5.5 71.4 12.4 6.2 5.8 6.0 30.8 61.8 6.7 4.3 8.1 3.6 2.9 4.0 2.6 3.5 5.1 2.9 7.0 5.8 6.7 5.3 6.4 4.7 2.1 51.4 3.8 101.7 25.1 2.3 53.4 4.0 5.3 5.3 5.9 6.0 4.5 4.3 3.7 4.8 4.8 3.8 4.5 3.7 5.3 4.9 4.0 20.4 2.3 2.0 16.0 1.6 1.9 18.6 2.3 2.3 6.0 4.2 5.7 4.4 3.0 5.5 5.2 4.2 6.6 780.6 114.1 282.0 27.9 3.1 13.1 21.7 3.0 10.2 22.5 3.1 10.2 3.72.9 4.7 2.8 2.6 3.6 2.9 2.7 3.6 334.9 178.5 100.8 332.3 177.4 99.7 21.7 13.6 4.2 13.4 7.7 2.6 14.6 8.0 2.8 6.6 7.6 4.4 4.0 4.3 2.6 4.4 4.5 2.8 420.8 N.A. 3*420,4 82.6 259.6 220.7 956.8 304.7 215.1 160.6 58.2 511.0 188.6 432.2 N.A. 3,538.1 88.4 259.3 226.6 995.7 325.1 222.6 164.7 63.4 429.7 N.A. 21.4 3.6 N.A. 3.4 N.A* 271.3 10.2 6.2 8.4 9.3 6.5 5.8 5.6 7.3 4.8 8.9 6.1 8.5 9.3 7.0 5.5 5.3 6.9 4.4 9.0 31.8 11.4 14.8 N.A. 219.7 7.5 24.1 16.2 55.5 17.8 15.7 7.3 5.7 33.0 11.8 5.1 3*592.4 88.3 260.2 232.0 1*012.0 332.0 228.2 166.3 63.8 536.0 197.1 15.6 N.A. 219.6 7.4 24.0 14.8 57.4 18.3 16.3 7.9 5.6 6.6 6.6 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.0 7.779 357 132 572 40 1*234 3*588 3*022 96 456 294 136 7,937.7 367.7 138.2 579.1 41.0 1,274.4 3,625.7 3,044.0 103.4 464.5 303.6 136.8 569.6 22.1 6.4 39.8 2.6 79.0 286.4 256.0 4.6 25.8 18.5 9.6 9.1 6.5 6.9 8.9 8.5 8.1 10.3 10.9 5.7 6.4 7.4 8.5 7.9 5.9 5.9 7.8 6.5 6.7 9.3 0.0 4.9 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.2 5.9 6.0 6.8 6.2 6.1 7.9 8.5 4.4 5.4 6.0 6.9 2*608,3 80.4 321.8 403.8 261.6 2,681.9 83.2 326.5 408.3 271.5 1*284.4 3*604.7 3*015.0 104.2 473.5 308.8 139.7 2*675.4 82.4 328.2 408.5 272.3 623,6 21.5 8.2 45.0 2.7 84.8 336.2 304.0 5.1 25.0 18.6 9.4 138.7 4.6 12.9 18.5 8.9 91.6 3.0 8.9 98.5 2.9 9.0 12.4 7.1 5.3 5.3 4.0 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.0 2.6 282.9 70.3 305.6 72.8 291.2 71.3 13.2 3.1 9.8 2.2 14.6 2.3 4.7 4.4 3.2 3.0 4.8 3.2 540.0 196.7 7*961.5 373.1 140.5 583.9 41.4 N.A. 9.7 27.8 17.1 73.6 19.6 19.8 9.1 5.9 33.8 12.5 704.2 23.4 9.1 50.6 3.4 100.4 368.0 329.0 5.6 29.3 21.7 11.6 12,0 7.0 N.A. 7.9 11.7 10.7 7.8 7.7 6.4 9.2 5.7 See footnotes at end of table. 151 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Labor force Percent of labor f oree Number State and area NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 4*910.0 298.4 177.1 632.6 921.2 524.1 378.1 365.2 240.8 5*086.2 306.3 181.3 657.5 948.0 540.8 392.4 378.7 242.4 5,087.6 306.6 183.0 658.7 949.6 543.8 393.3 380.0 242.9 297.9 18.2 11.7 33.6 51.3 27.3 19.0 25.5 20.4 240.5 14.7 8,8 30.0 39.5 23.1 16.1 20.4 14.2 250.1 15.1 9.7 31.6 40.2 23.1 16.2 21.1 14.4 6.1 6.1 6.6 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.0 7.0 8.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 5.4 5.9 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 5.6 5.9 OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa 1*233.5 370.7 295.2 1,244.5 388.2 292.0 1,244.4 388.2 294.0 53.3 14,4 13.0 34.7 9.7 7.7 38.9 10.4 8.9 4.3 3.9 4.4 2,8 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.0 OREGON Eugene—Springfield Portland1 Salem 1,137.6 120.7 548.0 106.8 1*204.2 123.9 580.7 113.6 1,207.9 124.8 586.7 111.8 72.1 8.5 31.9 5.8 66.3 8.6 28.9 5.3 76.4 9.0 31.3 7.6 6.3 7.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.9 5.0 4.7 6.3 7.2 5.3 6.8 PENNSYLVANIA 2 Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton1 Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelphia1 Pittsburgh Reading Williamsport York 5,158.5 297.1 56.2 120.1 205.5 106.0 166.0 269.0 5,342.1 305.3 58.3 126.6 214.8 107.3 173.2 275.3 5,350.0 305,8 58.2 126.2 345.9 17.0 2t069.0 969.5 145.4 50.9 156.9 2*127.4 353.6 15.7 4.8 8.7 10.3 8.8 7.2 23.5 145.8 58.2 6.9 4.3 7.5 6.7 5.7 6.7 6.4 4.8 9.3 3.9 8.3 7.6 5.7 4.9 8.2 5.1 6,9 5.5 8.2 7.1 5.0 8.7 4.3 9.0 7.5 6.0 4.8 7.8 4.5 6.6 5.1 8.2 6.9 4.8 8.2 4.2 8.5 6.8 5.8 4.5 8.0 4.5 443.8 447.4 OHIO2,.r Akron Canton Cincinnati1 Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo ! Youngstown-Warren 214.4 107.1 173.0 275.1 2,135.0 1*005.0 153.1 53.5 157.7 166.9 7.9 370.6 16,9 4,8 9.0 10,7 9.3 7.5 24.9 160.0 59.7 7.2 4.2 7.4 433.7 438.9 437.5 444.3 31.3 31.3 20.9 20.9 22.4 22.4 7.1 7.0 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.1 It287.9 147.1 170.4 255.1 1*318.3 148.9 174.2 256.8 1,294.7 146.5 173.2 253.8 87.0 11.1 9,2 79.5 15,3 12.2 72.4 9.2 7.4 10.7 6.8 7.6 5.4 6,0 6.0 6.7 4.7 4.7 5.6 6.3 4.3 4.2 309.1 55.6 326.2 57.2 319.7 58.5 7.5 1.1 7.9 0.9 8.2 0 .7 2.4 2.1 2.4 1.5 2.6 TENNESSEE Chattanoogal Knoxville Memphis1 Nashville-Davidson 1,926.8 183.9 199.9 378.6 385.6 1*983.0 186.0 204.1 382.2 398.4 1,984.3 187.3 203.5 384.4 402.8 104.2 115.1 10.5 12.4 23.5 16.3 116.5 10.7 10.1 23.7 18.2 5.4 5.3 4.4 5.6 3.8 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.1 4.1 5.9 5.7 5.0 6.2 4.5 TEXAS\ Amarillo Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange Corpus Christi Dallas-Fort Worth El Paso Galveston-Texas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls 5*870.7 85.5 229.8 166.4 125.6 1*345.8 162.3 87.3 1*306.4 102.6 394.5 77.2 59.3 6,079.5 88.6 6,111.7 291.4 3.0 9.3 10.6 7.6 58.9 260.4 2.9 7.5 10.0 6.5 49.5 13.6 4.8 48.5 3.1 292.5 3.3 8.1 24.2 3.3 2.1 56.8 3.4 26.1 3.9 2.6 5.0 3.5 4.1 6.4 6.1 4.4 10.5 6.6 4.0 3.4 6.6 4.7 3.5 4.3 3.3 3.1 6.0 5.0 3.5 8.3 5.3 3.5 3.0 5.9 4.2 3.4 4.8 3.7 3.3 6.7 5.3 3.8 8.8 6.0 4.1 3.3 6.4 4.9 4.2 UTAH Salt Lake City-Ogden 534.6 357.2 VERMONT 228.9 RHODE ISLAND Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket' SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston—North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls See footnotes at end of table. 152 998.6 152.2 53.5 167.0 241.7 168.3 130.5 1,407.6 164.8 90.7 1,374.6 104.2 408.8 79.5 60.7 88.7 244.0 168.2 131.4 1,410.6 166.9 91.3 1,385.5 104.8 3.8 7.7 9.9 9.9 6.5 82.4 54.9 7.1 4,2 9.7 8.7 21.3 14.5 17.0 5.7 52.1 3.5 10.0 8.2 11.2 7.0 53.4 14.7 5.5 1.2 79.9 61.4 26.0 3.6 2.1 558.0 369.3 555.6 371.6 24.8 16.7 18.0 12.1 20.3 13.2 4.6 4.7 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 241.0 238.0 15.1 9.6 11.9 6.6 4.0 5.0 411.0 STATE AND AAEA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued (Numbers In thousands) Unemployment Labor force Percent of labor forea Number State and area NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P VIRGINIA Lynchburg Newport News-Hampton Norfolk-Virginia Beech-Portsmouth1 Richmond Roanoke 2t393.2 69.7 154.1 309.9 315.1 108.5 2,493,9 72.2 160.7 322.4 327.8 112.8 WASHINGTON .: Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma 1*646.6 711.8 132.2 156.7 WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington-Ashland1 Parkersburg-Marietta1 Wheeling1 WISCONSIN Appleton-Oshkosh Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine WYOMING NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P NOV. 1977 OCT. 1978 NOV. 1978P 2*496.6 72.3 159.5 322.2 329.5 113.2 106.0 2.5 7.9 16.6 9.9 4.1 116.0 123.9 3.0 9.4 19.4 11.2 5.1 4.4 3.6 5.1 5.4 3.1 3.8 4.7 3.9 5.9 5.8 3.3 4.1 5.0 4.2 5.9 6.0 3.4 4.5 1,754.2 767.7 139.1 161.8 1*735.8 770.0 138.0 161.5 124.2 50.7 91.0 13.7 34.9 6.9 9.8 100.8 37.1 7.4 10.0 7.5 7,1 6.7 8.7 5.2 4.5 5.0 6.1 5.8 4.8 5.4 6.2 696.6 113.7 114.4 63.8 79.3 736.2 66.7 754.0 121.0 117.7 68.2 81.5 82.3 39.8 4.4 6.0 3.4 5.8 33.0 3.3 4.7 2.5 3.4 37.9 3.8 5.4 3.1 3.8 5.7 3.9 5.2 5.3 7.3 4.5 2.8 4.1 3.8 4.2 5.0 3.1 4.6 4.6 4.7 2t241.1 139.1 86.4 61.3 44.0 177.7 724.3 89.3 2.341.4 144.0 87.0 61.9 2*358.4 145.5 94.9 6.1 3.8 2.9 2.0 5.6 116.3 7.7 4.8 2.8 2.4 6.7 28.7 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.5 3,2 3.7 4.6 4.4 4.4 5.1 5.1 4.5 3.6 3.7 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.6 4.6 5.3 3.9 4.0 4.7 195.6 212.7 8.5 3,9 2.9 4.1 119.2 115.8 46.0 174,0 716.6 89.0 1 Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State. Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See "Explanatory Notes" for State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.) 2 NOTE: Estimates for 1977 have been benchmarked to 1977 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the 10 largest States designated by footnote 2, estimates for 1978 8.9 2.8 9.6 18.7 10.8 4.7 89.4 27.1 4.1 102,8 6.4 4.5 3.2 2.1 6.2 26.8 3.9 208.1 7.7 6.2 86.7 61.1 46.3 174.1 723.7 are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data refer to place of residence. p=preliminary. N.A.=not available. SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies listed on inside back cover. Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify "CETA Area Employment and Unemployment,""State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment;" or "Unemployment Rates for States and Local Governments, Second Quarter 1978." A complete set of price schedules and publications is available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 22161. 153 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date [Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Year and month Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Number Unemployed Employed Percent of population Total Total Agri culture Nonagricultural industries Number Percent of labor force Not in labor force Persons 14 years of age and over 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 49,440 50,080 50,680 51,250 51,840 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 49,180 49,820 50,420 51,000 51,590 47,630 45,480 42,400 38,940 38,760 10,4 50 10,340 10,290 10,170 10,090 37,180 35,140 32,110 28,770 28,670 1,550 4,340 8,020 12,060 12,830 3.2 8.7 15.9 23.6 24.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1934 1935 1936 1937. 1938 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 52,490 53,140 53,740 54,320 54,950 U) (1) (1) (1) (1) 52,230 52,870 53,440 54,000 54,610 40,890 42,260 44,410 46,300 44,220 9,900 10,110 10,000 9,820 9,690 30,990 32,150 34,410 36,480 34,530 11,340 10,610 9,030 7,700 10,390 21.7 20.1 16.9 14.3 19.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 100,380 101,520 102 610 103 660 55,600 56,180 57,530 60 380 64,560 (1) 56.0 56.7 58 8 62. 3 55,230 55,640 55,910 56 410 55,540 45,750 47,520 50,350 53 750 54,470 36,140 37,980 41,250 44 500 45,390 9,480 8,120 5,560 2 660 1,070 17.2 14.6 9.9 4 7 1.9 (1) 44,200 43,990 42,230 39,100 104 6 30 105,530 106,520 107,608 66,040 6 5,300 60,970 61,7 58 63.1 61.9 57.2 57.4 54,630 53,860 57,520 60,168 53,960 52,820 55,250 57,812 45,010 44,240 46,930 49,557 670 1,040 2,270 2,356 1.2 1.9 3.9 3.9 38,590 40,230 45,550 45,850 1939 1940 1941 1943 1944 194b .1947 9,610 9,540 9,100 9 2 50 9,080 '8,950 8,580 8,320 8,256 Persons 16 years of age and over 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 103,418 104,527 105,611 106,645 107,721 60,941 62,080 62,903 63,858 65,117 58.9 59.4 59.6 59.9 60.4 59,350 60,621 61,286 62,208 62,017 57,038 58,343 57,651 58,918 59,961 7,890 7,629 7,658 7,160 6,726 49,148 50,714 49,993 51,758 53,235 2,311 2,276 3,637 3,288 2,055 3.9 3.8 5.9 5.3 3.3 42,477 42.447 42,708 42,787 42,604 1952 1953 2 1954 1955 1956 108,823 110,601 111,671 112,732 113,811 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,072 69,409 60.4 60.2 60.0 60.4 61.0 62,138 63,015 63,643 65,023 66,552 60,250 61,179 60,109 62,170 63,799 6., 500 6., 260 6,205 6,450 6,283 53,749 54,919 53,904 55,722 57,514 1,883 1,834 3,532 2,852 2,750 3.0 2.9 5.5 4.4 4.1 43,093 44,041 44,678 44,660 44,402 1957 1958 1959 I9602 1961 115,065 116,363 117,881 119,759 121,343 69,729 70,275 70,921 72,142 73,031 60.6 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.2 66,929 67,639 68,369 69,628 70,459 64,071 63,036 64,630 65,778 65,746 5,947 5,586 5,565 5,458 5,200 58,123 57,450 59,065 60,318 60,546 2,859 4,602 3,740 3,852 4,714 4.3 6.8 5.5 5.5 6.7 45,336 46,088 46,960 47,617 48,312 19622. 1963 1964 1965 1966 122,981 125,154 127,224 129,236 131,180 73,442 74,571 75,830 77,178 78,893 59.7 59.6 59.6 59.7 60.1 70,614 71,833 73,091 74,455 75,770 66,702 67,762 69,305 71,088 72,895 4,944 ^-,687 4,523 4,361 3,979 61,759 63,076 64,782 66,726 68,915 3,911 4,070 3,786 3,366 2,875 5.5 5.7 5.2 4.5 3.8 49,539 50,583 51,394 52,058 52,288 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 133,319 135,562 137,841 140,182 142,596 80,793 82,272 84,240 85,903 86,929 60.6 60.7 61.1 61.3 61.0 77,347 78,737 80,734 82,715 84,113 74,372 75,920 77,902 78,627 79,120 3,844 3,817 3,606 3,462 3,387 70,527 72,103 74,296 75,165 75,732 2,975 2,817 2,832 4,088 4,993 3,8 3.6 3.5 4.9 5.9 52,527 53,291 53,602 54,280 55,666 1972 2 19732 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 2 145,775 148,263 150,827 153,449 156,048 158,559 161,058 88,991 91,040 93,240 94,793 96,917 99,534 102,537 61.0 61.4 61.8 61.8 62.1 62.8 63.7 86,542 88,714 91,011 92,613 94,773 97,401 100,420 81,702 84,409 85,935 84,783 87,485 90,546 94,373 3,472 3,452 3,492 3,380 3,297 3,244 3,342 78,230 80,957 82,443 81,403 84,188 87,302 91,031 4,840 4,304 5,076 7,830 7,288 6,855 6,047 5.6 4.9 5.6 8.5 7.7 7.0 6.0 56,785 57,222 57,587 58,655 59,130 59,025 58,521 Not available. Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments 154 in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparablity" under Household Data section of Explanatory notes. HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date [Numbers in thousands] Total labor force Year, month, and sex Total noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Unemployed Employed Number of population Total 86.8 87.0 86.9 86.8 87.3 87.2 86.9 86.4 86.2 86.3 85.5 85.0 84.5 84.0 83.6 82.8 82.2 81.9 81.5 81.4 81.5 81.2 80.9 80.6 80.0 79.7 79.5 79.4 78.5 78.1 78.3 78.4 42,686 4.6,286 43,498 43,819 43,001 42,869 43,633 43,965 44,47 5 45,091 45,197 45,521 45,886 46,388 46,653 46,600 47,129 47,679 48,255 48,471 48,987 49,533 50,221 51,195 52,021 53,265 54,203 55,186 55,615 56,359 57,449 58,542 31.8 32.7 33.2 33.9 34.7 34.8 34.5 34.6 35.7 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.2 37.8 38.1 38.0 38.3 38.7 39.3 40.3 41.2 41.6 42.7 43.4 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7 46.4 47.4 48.5 50.1 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number 40,995 41,725 40,925 41,578 41,780 41,682 42,430 41,619 42,621 43,379 43,357 42,423 43,466 43,904 43,656 44,17744,657 45,474 46,340 46,919 47,479 48,114 48,818 48,960 49,245 50,630 51,963 52,518 51,230 52,391 53,861 55,491 6,643 6,358 6,343 6,002 5,534 5,390 5,253 5,200 5,265 5,040 4,824 4,596 4,532 4,47 2 4,298 4,069 3,809 3,691 3,547 3,243 3,164 3,157 2,963 2,861 2,790 2,839 2,833 2,900 2,801 2,716 2,639 2,681 34,352 35,367 34,583 35,576 36,246 36,293 37,177 36,418 37,356 38,339 38,532 37,827 38,934 39,431 39,359 40,108 40,849 41,782 42,792 43,675 44,315 44,957 45,855 46,099 46,455 47,791 49,130 49,618 48,429 49,675 51,222 52,810 1,692 1,559 2,572 2,239 1,221 1,185 1,202 2,344 1,854 1,711 1,841 3,098 2,420 2,486 2,997 2,423 2,472 2,205 1,914 1,551 1,508 1 -.419 1,403 2,235 2,776 2,635 2,240 2,668 4,385 3,968 3,588 3,051 16,664 17,335 17,788 18,389 19,016 19,269 19,382 19,678 20,548 21,461 21,732 22,118 22,483 23,240 23,806 24,014 24,704 25,412 26,200 27,299 28,360 29,204 30,513 31,520 32,091 33,277 34,510 35,825 36,998 16,045 16,617 16,723 17,340 18,181 18,568 18,749 18,490 19,551 20,419 20,714 20,613 21,164 21,874 22,090 22,525 23,105 23,831 24,748 25,976 26,893 27,807 29,084 29,667 29,875 31,072 32,446 33,417 33,553 1,248 1,271 1,315 1,159 1,193 1,111 1,006 1,006 1,184 1,244 1,123 14,797 15,346 15,409 16,181 16,988 17,458 17,743 17,486 18,366 19,175 19,591 19,623 20,131 20,887 21,187 21,651 22,227 23,000 23,934 25,240 26,212 27,147 28,441 29,066 29,277 30,439 31,827 32,825 32,973 619 3.7 717 4.1 1,065 1,049 6.0 5.7 834 4.4 698 632 1,188 3.6 3.3 38,414 39,952 41,878 35,095 36,685 38,882 582 605 Total Percent of labor force Not in labor force MALES 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I9601 1961 1962 1 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1 1973 1 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 50,968 51,439 51,922 52,352 52,788 53,248 54,248 54,706 55,122 55,547 56,082 56,640 57,312 58,144 58,826 59,626 60,627 61,556 62,473 63,351 64,316 65,345 66,365 67,409 68,512 69,864 71,020 72,253 73,494 74,739 75,981 77,169 44,258 44,7 29 45,097 45,446 46,063 46,416 47,131 47,275 47,488 47,914 47,964 48,126 48,405 48,870 49,193 49,395 49,835 50,387 50,946 51,560 52,398 53,030 53,688 54,343 54,797 55,671 56,479 57,349 57,706 58,397 59,467 60,535 4.0 3.6 5.9 5.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.3 4.2 3.8 4.1 6.8 5.2 5.4 6.4 5.2 5.2 4.6 4.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.1 4.8 7.9 7.0 6.2 5.2 6,710 6,710 6,825 6,906 6,725 6,832 7,117 7,431 7,634 7,633 8,118 8,514 8,907 9,274 9,633 10,231 10,792 11,169 11,527 11,792 11,919 12,315 12,677 13,066 13,715 14,193 14,541 14,904 15,788 16,341 16,514 16,634 FEMALES 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958. 1959 I9601 1961 1962 1 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1 1973 l 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 52,450 53,088 53,689 54,293 54,933 55,575 56,353 56,965 57,610 58,264 58,983 59,723 60,569 61,615 62,517 63,355 64,527 65,668 66,763 67,829 69,003 70,217 71,476 72,774 74,084 75,911 77,242 78,575 79,954 81,309 82,577 83,890 16,683 17,351 17,806 18,412 19,054 19,314 19,429 19,718 20,584 21,495 21,765 22,149 22,516 23,272 23,838 24,047 24,736 25,443 26,232 27,333 28,395 29,242 30,551 31,560 32,132 33,320 34,561 35,892 37,087 38,520 40,067 42,002 990 1,033 986 902 875 878 832 814 736 680 660 643 601 598 633 619 592 579 661 34,513 36,080 38,221 998 1,039 1,018 1,504 1,320 1,366 1,717 1,488 1,598 1,581 1,452 1,324 1,468 1,397 1,429 1,853 2,217 2,205 2,064 2,408 3,445 3,320 3,267 2,996 6.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 6.8 5.9 5.9 7.2 6.2 6.5 6.2 5.5 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7 9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 35,767 35,737 35,883 35,881 35,879 36,261 36,924 37,247 37,026 36,769 37,218 37,574 38,053 38,343 38,679 39,308 39,791 40,225 40,531 40,496 40,608 40,976 40,924 41,214 41,952 42,591 42,681 42,683 42,868 42,789 42,510 41,887 See footnote 2, table 1. 155 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Civilian labor force Total labor force Mot in labor force — Sex, age, and race Number Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent of labor force Total Unable to work Going to school houta Other reasons MALES 60,535 8,924 5,383 2,208 3,175 78.4 70.0 63.5 52.2 74.8 58,542 8,242 5,078 2,185 2,893 55,491 7, 100 4,279 1,767 2,512 3,051 1,141 799 418 381 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 53,229 8,811 37,330 8,405 7,495 6,074 5,196 5,103 5,058 89.8 87. 1 94.4 94.9 96.3 96.4 95.1 93.0 89.7 51,541 8,063 36,392 8,033 7,251 5,880 5,106 5,071 5,051 49,370 7,330 35,149 7,619 7,010 5,710 4,968 4,934 4,908 2,171 733 1,243 415 241 170 138 137 143 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 7,088 4,390 2,698 73.5 82.9 62.0 7,087 4,389 2,698 6,892 4,266 2,626 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 1,923 1,12C 803 20.5 30. 1 14.2 1,923 1,120 803 53,867 7,849 4,767 1,988 2,779 79.1 72.3 66.3 55.6 76.8 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 47,375 7,688 33,232 14,074 10,033 9,125 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 5.2 13.8 15.7 19.2 13.2 16,634 3,833 3,093 2,024 1,069 335 20 15 9 6 3,713 3,029 2,494 1,654 840 1,724 34 14 5 9 10,862 750 569 356 213 4.2 9.1 3.4 5.2. 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 6,070 1,309 2,201 452 291 224 269 387 579 138 12 69 6 14 5 10 17 17 1,218 890 325 201 68 21 16 12 6 1,251 47 667 47 70 75 99 148 229 3,463 360 1, 140 198 139 123 143 210 327 195 123 72 2.7 2.8 2.7 2,560 904 1,656 57 26 31 3 2 1 537 282 255 1,963 594 1,369 1,842 1,068 774 81 52 29 4.2 4.7 3.6 7,471 2,607 4,864 182 53 129 1 1 458 169 290 6,830 2,385 4,444 52,258 7,308 4,525 1,969 2,556 49,893 6,451 3,916 1,637 2,279 2,365 857 609 332 277 4.5 11.7 13.5 16.9 10.8 14,204 3,015 2,427 1,588 839 276 16 13 8 5 2,980 2,414 1,970 1,295 675 1,397 23 10 4 6 9,55C 562 435 281 153 90.4 88.1 95.1 96. 1 96.4 92.2 46,008 7,100 32,454 13,570 9,794 9,091 44,319 6,560 31,472 13,064 9,545 8,862 1,690 540 983 5 05 249 228 3.7 7.6 3.0 3.7 2.5 2.5 5,039 1,038 1,724 572 375 777 109 8 53 14 11 28 1,009 737 270 224 30 16 1,010 34 522 92 136 294 2,909 258 879 241 198 439 6,455 3,993 2,463 1,725 73.9 83.6 62.2 20.4 6,454 3,992 2,462 1,725 6,287 3,889 2,398 1,658 167 102 65 67 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.9 2,277 781 1,496 6,738 49 22 27 154 3 2 1 1 453 235 218 378 1,773 522 1,251 6,206 6,667 1,074 616 220 396 73.3 56.8 48.0 33.5 63.2 6,284 934 553 216 337 5,599 649 363 130 233 686 285 190 87 104 10.9 3C.5 34.4 40.0 30.8 2,430 818 666 436 230 59 4 3 1 1 733 615 524 359 165 326 11 4 1 3 1,312 188 134 75 60 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,854 1,124 4,098 1,826 1,236 1,035 85.0 80.5 89.6 91.4 91.3 84.6 5,533 963 3,938 1,714 1,192 1,031 5,052 770 3,678 1,564 1,134 979 481 193 261 150 59 52 8.7 20.0 6.6 8.8 4.9 5.0 1,033 272 478 171 118 188 29 4 16 5 4 6 208 153 55 45 8 2 242 13 145 25 38 82 554 102 262 96 68 98 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 632 397 236 198 69.1 76.5 59.4 21.3 632 397 236 198 605. 376 228 184 28 20 8 14 4.4 5.1 3.2 7.1 283 122 161 732 8 4 5 28 1 84 47 37 80 190 71 119 624 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years White 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 156 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Employment status of the nonihstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Total labor fore* Civilian labor forca Not in labor force Sax, age, and race Parcant of population Unable to Kaaping Parcent of Going 32,788 1,458 725 218 507 3,626 3,021 2,523 1,676 848 1,042 21 8 4,432 704 553 333 219 1,095 740 345 156 79 48 33 21 9 458 2k 241 26 26 33 38 45 72 1,903 295 S81 190 168 146 130 151 195 FEMALES 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 42,002 7,293 4,482 1,866 2,616 50.1 58.4 54.0 45.5 62.3 41,878 7,243 4,462 1,865 2,597 38,882 6,161 3,702 1,502 2,200 2,996 1,082 7 60 363 397 7.2 14.9 17.0 19.5 15.3 41,887 5,204 3,814 2,233 1,582 20 to 64 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 36,401 6,926 25,007 5,804 4,776 4,035 3,610 3,463 3,319 58.5 68.5 60.5 64.3 59.8 60.9 62.5 59.8 54.5 36,296 6,860 24,968 5,777 4,769 4,032 3,609 3,462 3,319 34,103 6,168 23,609 5,372 4,471 3,820 3,439 3,319 3,188 2,193 692 1,359 405 298 212 169 143 131 6.C 10.1 5.4 7.0 6.2 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.9 25,798 3,181 16,300 3,224 3,215 2,593 2,169 2,331 2,77C 22,342 2, 122 14,734 2,852 2,941 2,365 1,967 2,113 2,494 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 4,469 2,825 1,643 41.4 48.6 33.1 4,468 2,8 25 1,643 4,325 2,738 1,587 144 87 56 3.2 3.1 3.4 6 ,316 2 ,994 3 ,323 5,486 2,636 2,650 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 1,120 699 421 8.4 14.9 4.8 1,120 699 421 1,077 668 409 43 31 12 3.8 4.4 2.8 12 ,275 3 ,993 8 ,283 9,721 3,334 6,387 36,298 6,414 3,981 1,684 2,297 49.6 60.8 57.0 48.9 64.8 36,198 6,373 3,965 1,683 2,281 33,943 5,578 3,396 1,396 2,000 2,255 795 569 287 282 6.2 12.5 14.4 17.1 12.4 36,920 4,136 3,008 1,759 1,249 29,430 1, 178 575 173 402 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 31,330 5,958 21,375 8,931 6,518 5,926 57.9 69.5 59.7 61.1 60.8 56.7 31,247 5,906 21,344 8,904 6,515 5,925 29,597 5,418 20,302 8,385 6,219 5,699 1,650 488 1,C42 519 296 226 5.3 8.3 4.9 5.8 4.5 3.8 22,749 2,615 14,426 5,690 4,211 4,525 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,997 2,528 1,469 986 41.2 48.5 32.7 8.1 3,997 2,528 1,469 986 3,878 2,456 1,422 950 119 72 48 36 3.0 2.6 3.2 3.7 5,705 879 500 182 319 53.5 45.1 38.3 27.7 48.9 5,679 870 497 182 315 4,938 583 306 106 200 741 286 191 76 115 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 3 6 t o 4 4 years 45 to 54 years 5,070 967 3,632 1,649 1,127 856 62.4 63.1 66.0 68.8 67.2 59.8 5,048 954 3,624 1,642 1,126 856 4,505 750 3,307 1,458 1,041 8C8 55 to 64 years 65 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 472 297 174 134 43.6 49.4 36.4 10.7 472 297 174 44 7 282 166 20 to 24 years 13 193 92 10 1 627 259 367 571 102 469 1,976 554 1,422 2,877 2,397 1,991 1,313 678 818 16 11 5 6 3,795 546 430 268 163 19,908 1,771 13,141 5,169 3,856 4,115 880 597 274 182 68 24 343 18 176 40 52 85 1,617 229 834 299 234 301 5,707 2,689 3,018 11,164 4,995 2,388 2,608 8,947 9 5 4 6 149 69 60 464 554 226 326 1,748 13.1 32.9 38.4 41.7 36.5 4,967 1,068 807 474 333 3,358 280 150 45 105 748 624 532 363 170 224 5 2 637 158 122 66 56 544 204 317 183 85 48 10.8 21.3 8.7 11.2 7.6 5.6 3,049 566 1,875 749 551 575 2,435 351 1,592 624 476 492 215 143 71 52 13 6 114 6 65 12 20 32 285 66 146 60 42 45 24 15 9 5.1 5.2 5.0 609 305 304 491 249 2*2 1 1 44 23 21 73 32 41 229 White 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 157 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race Total labor force Sax,age, and race Thousands of persons Civilian labor force Participation rates 1977 1976 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 59,467 5,315 2,148 3,167 60,535 5,383 2,208 3, 175 78.3 62.5 50.6 74.4 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years . 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 8,623 36,639 15,502 10,906 10,231 8,81 1 37,330 15,9CC 11,270 10,161 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 7,045 4,328 2,717 1,845 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 1977 1978 Thousands of parsons Participation rates 1977 1978 76.4 63.5 52.2 74.8 57,449 4,985 2,118 2,867 58,542 5,078 2, 185 2,893 77.7 61.0 50.3 72.5 77.9 62.1 51.9 73.0 86.7 94.4 95.6 95.8 91.2 87.1 94.4 95.5 95.8 91.3 7,877 35,698 14,887 1C,619 10,192 8,063 36,392 15,284 10,986 10,122 85.7 94.2 95.4 95.7 91.2 86.0 94.3 95.4 95.7 91.3 7,088 4,390 2,698 1,923 74.0 83.2 62.9 20.1 73.5 82.9 62.0 20.5 7,043 4,326 2,717 1,845 7,087 4,389 2,698 1,923 74.0 83. 2 62.9 20.1 73.5 82.9 62.0 20.5 53,079 4,732 1,945 2,787 53,867 4,767 1,988 2,779 79.1 65.4 54.1 76.6 79.1 66.3 55.6 76.8 51,421 4,461 1,920 2,541 52,258 4,525 1,969 2,556 78.5 64.1 53.8 74.9 78.6 65.1 55.3 75.3 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 7,538 32,690 13,764 9,696 5,230 7,688 33,232 14,074 10,033 9,125 87.7 95.1 96.2 96.3 92.2 88.1 95.1 96. 1 96.4 92.2 6,944 31,900 13,251 9,453 9,195 7,100 32,454 13,570 9,794 9,091 86.8 94.9 96.0 96.2 92.2 87.2 95.0 96.0 96.3 92.1 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,447 3,950 2,497 1,671 6,455 3,993 2,463 1,725 74.7 84.0 63.6 20.2 73.9 83.6 62.2 20.4 6,445 3,948 2,497 1,671 6,454 3,992 2,462 1,725 74.7 84. C 63.6 20.2 73.9 83.6 62.2 20.4 6,388 58 2 203 380 6,667 616 220 396 72.2 46.1 31.3 61.5 73.3 48.0 33.5 63.2 6,028 524 198 3-26 6,284 553 216 337 71.0 43.4 30.8 57.8 72.1 45.4 33.2 59.5 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 1,085 3,949 1,738 1,210 1,000 1,124 4,098 1,826 1,236 1,035 80.6 89.0 91. 0 91.7 82.7 80.5 89.6 91.4 91.3 84.6 934 3,798 1,635 1,167 996 963 3,938 1,714 1, 192 1,031 78.2 88.6 90.4 91.4 82.7 76.0 89.2 90.9 91.0 84.5 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 598 378 220 174 632 397 236 198 67.0 75.7 55.9 19.3 69.1 76.5 59.4 21.3 598 378 220 174 632 397 236' 198 67.0 75.7 55.9 19.3 69.1 76.5 59.4 21.3 1977 1978 MALES White Black and other 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 158 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Labor force by sex. age, and race—Continued Total labor force Sex, age, and race Thousands of parsons Civilian labor force Participation rates 1977 1978 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 40,067 4,286 1,735 2,551 42,002 4,482 1,866 2,616 48.5 51.5 42.2 60.6 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 6,619 23,730 9,877 7,156 6,698 6,926 25,007 10,580 7,645 6,782 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 4,367 2,746 1,622 1,065 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 1977 1978 Thousands of parsons Participation rates 1977 1978 50.1 54.0 45.5 62.3 39,952 4,267 1,734 2,533 41,878 4,462 1,865 2,597 48.4 51.4 42.2 60.5 50.0 53.9 45.5 62.1 66.7 58.4 59.5 59.6 55.8 68.5 60.5 62.2 61.6 57.1 6,556 23,697 9,848 7,152 6,697 6,860 24,968 10,546 7,641 6,781 66.5 58.4 59.5 59.6 55.8 68.3 60.5 62. 1 61.6 57. 1 4,469 2,825 1,643 1,120 41.0 48.0 32.9 8.1 41.4 48.6 33. 1 8.4 4,367 2,745 1,622 1,065 4,468 2,825 1,643 1, 120 41.0 48.0 32.9 8.1 41.4 48.6 33.1 8.4 34,780 3,849 1,588 2,262 36,298 3,981 1,684 2,297 48.2 54.8 45.8 63.4 49.6 57.0 48.9 64.8 34,686 3,834 1,587 2,247 36,198 3,965 1,683 2,28 1 48. 1 54.7 45.8 63.3 49.5 56.9 48.9 64.6 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,733 20,334 8,349 6,116 5,868 5,958 21,375 8,931 6,518 5,926 67.9 57.6 58.4 58.9 55.4 69.5 59.7 61. 1 60.8 56.7 5,682 20,307 8,326 6,113 5,867 5,906 21,344 8#904 6,515 5,925 67.7 57.6 58.3 58.9 55.4 69.3 59.7 61.0 60.7 56.7 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,918 2,460 1,458 946 3,997 2,528 1,469 986 40.8 47.9 32.7 8.0 41.2 48.5 32.7 8.1 3,918 2,460 1,458 946 3,997 2,526 1,469 986 40.8 47.9 32.7 6.C 41.2 48.5 32.7 e. 1 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 5,288 436 147 289 5,705 50 C 182 319 51.0 33.8 22.6 45.1 53.5 38.3 27.7 48.9 5,266 433 147 287 5,679 497 182 315 50.9 33.6 22.6 44.8 53.3 38. 1 27.7 48.6 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 886 3,397 1,527 1,040 830 967 3,632 1,649 1, 127 856 59.8 63.6 66.6 63.7 58.7 63. 1 66.0 68.8 67.2 59.8 874 3,390 1,521 1,039 830 954 3,624 1,642 1, 126 856 59.4 63.6 66.5 63.7 58.7 62.8 65.9 68. 7 67. 1 59.8 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 449 285 164 119 472 297 174 134 42.7 49.4 34.5 9.9 43.6 49.4 36.4 10.7 449 285 164 119 472 297 174 134 42.7 49.4 34.5 9.S 43.6 49. 4 36.4 1C .7 1977 1978 FEMALES White Black and other 159 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Civilian labor foroa Sex and age Employed Agriculture cultural industries TOTAL 189 368 245 20 9 11 8,680 537 180 356 1,286 351 148 203 12. 6 38. 6 43. 9 35. 5 6,430 1,314 819 495 1,655 6,384 2,819 1,971 1,594 1,295 5,870 2, 518 1, 843 1.510 25 122 44 35 44 1,270 5,748 2,474 1,808 1,466 359 514 301 128 85 21. 7 8. 1 10.7 6. 5 5.3 714 1,970 724 574 671 971 607 363 294 925 575 350 277 45 23 22 32 880 552 328 245 46 32 14 17 4. 7 5.3 3. 7 5.9 802 379 423 1,630 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 5,334 477 184 294 ,718 4, 303 105 198 215 17 8 9 4,503 286 97 188 617 175 79 96 11, 6 36. 7 42,,9 32,,7 2,131 590 392 199 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 831 3,309 1,423 1,014 871 657 3, 073 r ,286 1, 961 827 22 106 38 29 39 635 2,968 1,248 931 789 173 235 137 53 44 20, .8 7, ,1 9, .6 .2 .1 224 425 142 106 176 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 548 341 206 169 524 324 200 158 40 20 20 29 484 3C3 180 130 24 17 7 11 4, .4 .0 5, .4 3, 6 .5 259 112 147 632 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . . 18to 19years . . . 4,877 430 153 276 4 ,207 254 84 170 30 3 1 2 4,177 251 83 168 669 176 69 107 13 .7 41 .0 45 .2 38 .6 4,299 724 427 296 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years . . . 35 to 44 years . . . 45 to 54 years . . . 8 24 3,C75 1,396 957 723 638 2 ,797 1,232 8€2 683 3 16 6 6 5 635 2,780 1,226 877 677 186 279 164 75 41 22 .6 9 .1 11 .7 7 .8 5,6 490 1,545 582 468 495 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years . . . 60 to 64 years . . . 65 years and over . . . 423 266 157 125 401 251 150 119 5 3 2 3 396 249 148 115 22 15 7 6 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 10,211 907 337 57C 925 a.557 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Males NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the 'black and other' population group. 160 5 ! 5. 1 5 .5 4 .6 5. 1 543 267 276 998 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands] Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16-19 years Employment status and race 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 67,484 54,152 80.2 52,464 49,737 2,308 47,429 2,727 5.2 13,332 68,693 55,152 80.3 53,464 51,212 2,361 48,852 2,252 4.2 13,541 74,256 35,782 48.2 35,685 33,199 537 32,662 2,486 7.0 38,474 75,594 37,521 49.6 37,416 35,180 586 34,593 2,236 6.0 38,073 16,818 9,600 57.1 9,252 7,610 399 7,211 1,642 17.7 7,218 16,771 9,864 58.8 9,540 7,981 395 7,586 1,559 16.3 6,907 59,903 48,347 80.7 46,960 44,784 2,123 42,661 2,176 4.6 11,556 60,877 49,100 80.7 47,733 45,977 2,120 43,857 1,757 3.7 11,777 65,181 30,930 47.5 30,853 28,930 495 28,436 1,922 6.2 34,251 66,229 32.316 48.8 32,233 30,547 545 30,002 1,686 5.2 33,913 14,262 8,582 60.2 8,295 7,C20 375 6,644 1,275 15.4 5,680 14,183 8,748 61.7 8,490 7,312 369 6,S43 1,178 13.9 5,435 7,581 5,805 76.6 5,504 4,953 185 4,768 551 10.0 1,776 7,816 6,052 77.4 5,731 5,236 241 4,995 495 8.6 1,765 9,075 4,851 53.5 4,832 4,268 42 4,226 564 11.7 4,223 2,557 1,019 3S.8 957 59C 24 567 367 38.3 1,538 2,588 1,116 43. 1 1,050 669 26 643 381 36.3 1,472 TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 158,559 99,534 62.8 97,401 90,546 3,244 87,302 6,855 7.0 59,025 161,058 102,537 63.7 100,420 94,373 3,342 91,031 6,047 6.0 58,521 139,346 87,859 63.1 86,107 80,734 2,993 77,741 5,373 6.2 51,488 141,289 90,165 63.8 88,456 83,836 3,034 80,802 4,620 5.2 51,124 19,212 11,675 60.8 11,294 9,812 251 9,561 1,482 13.1 7,537 19,769 12,372 62.6 11,964 10,537 3C8 10,229 1,427 11.9 7,397 White Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries.... Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 1 Black and other Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries.... Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 9,365 5,204 55.6 5, 182 4,632 41 4,591 550 10.6 4,160 161 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Black and other Employment status Both sexes Both sexes Both sexes TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking fur full-time work Looking for part-time work Percent of labor force Not in labor force 25#253 16,216 6U.2 12,757 8,924 70.0 12,497 7,293 58.4 21,414 14,263 66.6 10,864 7,849 72.3 10,550 6,414 60.8 3,839 1,953 50.9 1,893 1,C74 56.8 15,484 13,261 554 12,707 2,223 1,419 804 14.4 9,037 8,242 7,100 445 6,655 1,141 745 397 13.8 3,833 7,243 6,161 109 6,052 1,082 675 407 14.9 5,204 13,681 12,029 517 11,512 1,652 1,021 632 12.1 7,151 7,308 6,451 413 6,038 857 546 311 11.7 3,015 6,373 5,578 104 5,474 795 475 32C 12.5 4,136 1,803 1,232 36 1, 195 571 399 172 31.7 1,886 934 64S 32 617 265 199 86 30.5 818 870 583 5 578 286 200 86 32.9 1,068 3,584 2,917 127 2,790 667 1 12 555 18.6 6,050 1,867 1,507 102 1,405 360 60 300 19.3 3,029 1,717 1,410 26 1,384 307 52 255 17.9 3,021 3,215 2,703 124 2,579 512 72 440 15.9 4,811 1,678 1,399 98 1,302 278 39 240 16.6 2,414 1,537 1,303 26 1,278 233 33 200 15.2 2,397 370 214 4 210 156 40 115 42.1 1,239 189 107 4 103 62 21 6C 43.3 615 181 107 107 74 19 55 40.8 624 11,900 10,344 427 9,917 1,556 1,307 248 13.1 2,987 6,375 5,594 344 5,250 781 6£5 97 12.3 804 5,525 4,751 83 4,668 775 623 152 14.0 2,183 10,467 9,326 393 d,933 1,140 949 192 1v.9 2,340 5,630 5,052 315 4,736 578 507 71 10.3 601 4,837 4,274 78 4 , 197 562 442 120 11.6 1,739 1,433 1,018 34 964 415 358 57 29. C 647 7 45 542 28 514 203 178 25 27.2 204 689 476 5 471 212 181 32 30.8 444 1,946 679 45.1 Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Percent of labor force Not in labor force Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Percent of labor force Not in labor force 162 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Fulltime labor forc« Race, sex, and age Part-time labor force Ur>employed (looking for full-time work) En- ployed Total Employed Total Fulltime schedules1 Part Ni mber reasons Unemployed (looking for part-time work) Percent of full-time labor force on voluntary part time 1 Number Percent of part-time labor force TOTAL Both sexes, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 85,530 10,132 5,208 1,312 3,896 80,322 12,965 67,359 55,671 11,688 77,396 7,693 3,652 741 2,911 73,744 11,044 62,701 51,771 10,930 3,428 1,020 697 283 414 2,731 685 2,047 1,621 426 4 ,706 1,419 860 288 572 3,847 1,236 2,611 2 ,279 332 5.5 14.0 16.5 21.9 14.7 4.8 9.5 3.9 4. 1 2.8 14,890 5,352 4,332 2,739 1,593 10,558 1,958 8,600 5,690 2,91.} 13,549 4,548 3,632 2,245 1,387 9,916 1,769 8,147 5,367 2,780 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 53,688 5,662 2,942 5C,746 7,3C4 43,441 3f,666 7,775 49,592 4,427 2,140 47,452 6,307 41,145 33,791 7,355 1,588 510 359 1,229 336 893 688 205 2 ,508 745 443 2 ,065 661 1, 4 0 3 1,188 216 4.7 13.1 15.1 4. 1 9. 1 3,2 3.3 2.8 4,854 2,560 2,136 2,719 759 1,959 725 1,234 4,311 2,163 1,780 2,531 687 1,845 671 1, 174 543 397 356 187 72 116 55 60 11.2 15.5 16.7 6.9 9.5 5.9 7.6 4.9 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over . 31,843 4,450 2,266 29,577 5,661 23,916 20,00 4 3,912 27,804 3,266 1,512 26,292 4,737 21,555 17,980 3,575 1,84 0 50 9 338 1,502 34 9 1,153 933 220 2 ,199 675 1, 7 8 2 575 1,207 1, 0 9 0 117 6.9 15.2 18.4 6.0 10.2 5.0 5.4 3.0 10,035 2,792 2,196 7,839 1 , 199 6,641 4,964 1,676 9,238 2,386 1,853 7,385 1,082 6,303 4,696 1,607 798 407 344 454 117 337 268 70 7.9 14.6 15.6 5.8 9.7 5.1 5.4 4.2 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 47,938 5,010 2,609 45,328 6,417 38,911 31,832 7,07 9 44,697 4,035 1,977 42,720 5,656 37,064 30,338 6,726 1,305 429 303 1,002 278 724 555 1,936 546 330 1, 6 0 6 '4 83 1 ,123 938 185 4.0 10.9 12.6 3.5 7.5 2.9 2.9 2.6 4,320 2,298 1,915 2,405 683 1,722 622 1,100 3,891 1,987 1,636 2,255 626 1,6 30 578 1,052 429 311 279 150 57 93 44 49 9.9 13.5 14.6 6.2 8.4 5-4 7.1 4.5 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 27,115 3,86 0 1,979 25, 136 4,846 20,290 16,779 3,512 24,012 2,944 1,383 22,629 4,161 16,465 15,225 3,244 1,497 44 1 29 7 1,200 29 0 91 1 1,606 475 299 1 ,306 396 911 811 100 5.9 12.3 15.1 5.2 8.2 4.5 4.8 2.8 9,084 2,514 1,986 7,098 1,060 6,039 4,566 1,472 8,434 2,193 1,716 6,718 967 5,750 4,335 1,416 549 320 270 379 92 286 231 55 7.1 12.7 13.6 5.3 8.7 4.7 5. 1 3.7 5,750 672 333 5,417 687 4 # 531 3,835 696 4,896 392 163 4,732 651 4,081 3,4 52 629 263 81 56 227 5fi 169 133 37 572 199 113 458 178 281 251 31 9.9 29.6 34.0 8.5 20.1 6.2 6.5 4.5 534 26 1 221 314 76 237 103 134 420 176 144 276 62 215 93 122 114 86 77 37 15 21 10 11 21.4 32.8 34.9 11.8 19.5 8.9 9.7 8.2 4,728 591 287 4,441 815 3,628 3,226 402 3,792 323 129 3,663 576 3,086 2,755 331 34 3 68 41 303 60 243 191 52 593 200 117 476 179 296 279 17 12.5 33.8 40.9 10.7 22.0 8.2 8.6 4.2 951 279 210 741 139 602 398 204 803 192 137 667 115 552 361 191 148 86 74 75 24 5C 37 13 15.6 31.0 35.0 10.1 17.6 8.3 9.3 6.4 41b 1,341 804 699 494 • 206 641 189 453 323 130 9.0 15.0 16.1 18.0 12.9 6.1 9.6 5.3 5.7 4.5 White 169 742 169 Black and other Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over , 1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and )art-time employed categories. 163 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Fsfitily relationship Percent of Employed Number Total Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons 58,521 Percent of labor force 33,123 7,338 2,766 15,294 9,108 1,757 85 6,783 132 36 1 64 217 120 7 67 1,157 370 25 698 7,602 1,231 53 5,953 Total, 16 years and over 100,420 63.2 94,373 6,047 6.0 Husbands1 With employed wife With unemployed wife With wife not in labor force 40,462 19,841 1,118 18,003 81.6 91.9 92.9 72.6 39,344 19,374 1,028 17,522 1,118 467 90 481 2.8 2.4 8.1 2.7 Wives With employed husband With unemployed husband With husband not in labor force 22,801 20,402 557 1,842 47.9 53.8 53.7 21.4 21,598 19,374 467 1,757 1,203 1,028 90 85 5.3 5.0 16.2 4.6 24,785 17,522 481 6,783 22,759 16,354 449 5,957 262 229 8 26 254 95 8 152 1,509 846 17 648 Relatives in husband-wife families . 16-19 years 20-24 years 14,346 6,865 4,931 2,550 62.1 58.1 76.3 52.9 12,605 5,866 4,410 2,329 1,741 999 521 221 12.1 14.6 10.6 8.7 8,756 4,951 1,535 2,270 1,387 217 171 999 5,019 3,908 1,007 104 394 17 38 339 1,956 810 319 827 Women who head families . . . . Relatives in female-headed families 16-19 years 20-24 years 25 years and over 4,811 4,085 1,407 1,182 1,496 58.5 56.9 51.9 71.6 53.1 4,405 3,355 1,033 962 1,360 407 730 374 220 136 8.5 17.9 26.6 18.6 9.1 3,406 3,095 1,302 468 1,325 2,789 819 106 107 606 108 1,190 934 219 37 134 269 9 23 237 376 817 254 120 443 13,915 59.8 13,066 848 6.1 9,371 5,237 542 558 3,034 Persons not living in families 2 1 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. . 2 Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons i secondary families. 10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race Marital status, MM, a§e, and race 1977 Unemployment rate* ThouMndi of person* Thousands of pertom 1978 1977 1978 1977 1977 1978 Total, 16 year* and over 3,588 3,051 6.2 5.2 3,267 2,996 8.2 7.2 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,1*36 343 1,809 1,106 295 1,650 3.6 8.3 13.4 2.8 6.5 11.6 1,463 580 1,224 1,274 543 1,179 6.5 7.8 12.1 5.5 6.9 10.9 2,843 2,365 5.5 4.5 2,530 2,255 7.3 6.2 1.217 26 2 935 210 1,221 3.4 7.7 11.6 2.6 5.8 9.9 1,244 421 866 1,063 385 807 6.2 7. 1 10.0 5.1 6. 1 8.8 686 12.4 10.9 737 741 14.0 13. 1 219 81 445 2,6 30 1,333 327 971 171 85 429 6.2 10.6 25.5 4.8 9.8 22.9 219 159 359 211 158 372 9.3 11.0 24.5 8.7 10.1 21.9 2,171 5.2 4.2 2,436 2,193 7.0 6.0 1,028 274 869 3.5 8.3 11.3 2-7 6.4 9.3 1,357 530 549 1,184 506 503 6.3 7.9 8.8 5.3 7.1 7.5 2,094 1,690 4.6 3.7 1,876 1,650 1,127 250 717 867 196 628 3.2 7.8 9.7 2.5 5.7 7.9 1,149 379 348 985 355 310 537 481 10.1 8.7 560 544 11.9 10.8 207 77 252 163 79 240 6.1 10.6 20.6 4.8 9.6 18.1 208 151 202 199 152 194 9.0 11.2 19.0 8.4 10.4 15.8 White, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,364 Black and other, 16 years and over . . 745 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Total, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never nwrled) 164 6.3 5.3 5.9 7. 1 6.7 4.9 6.2 5.6 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 11. Unemployed person* by occupation of last job and aax Thousands of parsons Occupation 1977 Total, 16 years and over White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . . Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Carpenters and other construction craft . . . All other Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other Service workers Private household All other Farm workers No previous work experience 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 6,855 2,024 426 276 318 1,00*. 2,656 708 365 343 1,087 246 616 173 443 1,102 60 1,042 133 940 7 04 152 84 1978 6,047 1,717 381 214 256 866 2,323 603 322 281 960 195 566 172 394 1,029 63 966 110 868 652 142 73 1977 7.0 4.3 3.0 2.8 5.3 5.9 8.1 5.6 9.3 4.0 9.5 6.6 12.0 17.7 10.7 8.2 5.0 8.5 4.6 1978 6.0 3.5 2.6 2.1 4.1 4.9 6.9 4.6 7.9 3.2 8.1 5.2 10.7 16.1 9.3 7.4 5.1 7.6 3.8 1977 1978 6.2 3.0 2.3 2.3 4.0 5.0 7.4 5.5 9.2 3.8 8.0 6.6 12.1 17.6 10.7 7.5 5.2 2.3 2.0 1.7 3.0 4.1 6.2 4.6 7.8 3.0 6.5 5. 1 10.8 16.1 9.3 6.8 (D d) 7.5 4.0 6.8 2.9 1977 1978 8.2 5.5 3.9 4.4 €.8 6.1 11.0 7.4 7.2 4.6 3.5 3.4 5.5 5.1 9.7 6.0 12.5 5.4 10.4 7.4 9.8 (D 6.9 11.7 6.7 11.0 (D 10.5 8.6 4.9 9.2 7.6 (D 9.6 7.8 5.0 8.2 7.5 — Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000. 12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployment rates Percent distribution Industry 1977 Total, 16 years and over Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers . Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical equipment Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment . . . Instruments and related products Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and plastics products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities . Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience 1978 1977 100.0 72.5 .5 8.5 21. 1 11.5 .9 .7 .8 1. 1 1.5 1.6 2.0 1. 6 .7 .9 .4 100.0 71.5 .6 8.5 20.0 10.7 .9 .5 .6 .9 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.6 .9 .7 .4 1.1 9.4 2.4 .9 2.1 .5 1.2 .5 .9 .7 3.2 .3 2. 1 .8 20.9 2.6 15.7 6.7 9.0 2.2 11.8 14.3 7.0 7.0 3.8 12.7 6.7 6.2 8.5 8.7 7.9 5.7 6.9 4.5 6.2 5.2 3.9 6.9 5.2 9.3 7.4 9.8 7.6 10.0 5.2 5.3 4.1 7.1 7.6 4.7 3.4 6.6 2.8 8.0 3.9 6.6 4.9 8.8 11.1 3.2 . 9 9.6 2.7 1. 1 2.0 .6 1.0 .7 .8 .7 3.5 .3 2. 3 21. 1 2.7 15.2 6.3 8.9 2. 4 11.4 13.7 1977 6.0 5.9 4.1 10.6 5.5 4.9 7.7 5.8 5.5 4.2 5.4 3.3 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.4 8.5 6.3 7.4 6.0 9.3 4.5 4.9 2.7 7.5 6.9 3.7 3.5 5.1 2.2 6.9 3.1 5.7 4.3 7.6 8.8 2.9 6.2 6.4 3.3 12.9 5.3 5.3 8.7 7.6 7.4 5.5 6.5 3.9 3.9 4.6 3.6 6.0 3.8 6.8 5.3 7. 1 6.7 8.4 3.5 4.3 3.0 5.1 5.6 4.6 3.4 6.7 2.0 6.8 3.0 6.4 3.9 8.6 10.0 2.6 1978 5.2 5.2 4.2 10.8 4.2 4.1 7.5 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.6 2.9 3.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 2.5 6.3 4.4 5.7 4.8 7.5 3.2 4.1 1.8 5.2 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.9 1. 4 5.6 2.7 5.2 3.6 6.6 7.2 2.4 1977 1978 8.2 8.0 8.6 9.8 9.7 8.9 7.5 11.4 9.6 7.1 8.3 6.8 9.4 8.7 5.4 13.4 7.0 12.5 10.4 16.2 8.4 10.5 10.8 6.7 7.4 10.8 10.6 5.0 3.6 6.3 4. 3 9.5 4.5 6.8 5.4 9.0 15.4 4.0 7.2 6.8 3.6 7.7 8.2 7.4 9.2 7.6 8.5 6.3 8.0 5.2 7.6 5.9 4.9 7.0 6.8 11.0 9.0 11.2 7.3 9.8 8.6 6.1 5.4 11.3 10.7 4.4 3.7 5.8 3.5 8.3 3.4 6.0 4.6 8.4 14.5 3.5 165 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race Males, 20 years and over Total unemployed F«mal«f, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years White Black and other Rmon for untmploymtnt 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1977 1978 1978 1977 1978 UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands. . . Job losers On layoff Other job losers . Job leavers Reentrants New entrants . . . . 6,855 3,103 853 2,250 889 1,925 938 6,047 2,514 698 1,816 851 1,814 867 2,727 1,776 488 1,288 325 527 99 2,252 1,387 387 1,000 326 456 82 2,486 1,012 28 9 723 411 927 136 2,236 831 248 583 36 2 909 134 1,642 314 77 237 154 471 703 1,559 296 64 232 164 448 651 5,373 2,497 738 1,759 759 1,448 669 4,620 1,S72 593 1,379 709 1,348 591 1,482 606 116 490 130 477 268 1,427 542 105 437 142 467 276 100.0 45.2 12.4 32.8 13.0 28.1 13.7 100.0 41.5 11.5 30.0 14. 1 30.0 14.3 100.0 65. 2 17.9 47.3 11.9 19.3 3.6 100.0 61-6 17.2 44.4 14.5 20.3 3.6 100.0 40.7 11.6 29. 1 16. 5 37.3 5.5 100.0 37.2 11.1 26.1 16. 2 40.7 6.0 100.0 19.2 4.7 14.5 9. 4 28.7 42.8 100.0 19.0 4.1 14.9 10-5 28.8 41.8 100.0 46.4 13.7 32.7 14-1 27.0 12.5 100.0 42.6 12.8 29.8 15.4 29.2 12.8 100.0 40.9 7.8 33. 1 8.8 32.2 18.1 100.0 38.0 7.3 30.7 9.9 32.7 19.4 7.0 3.2 .9 2.0 1.0 6.0 2.5 .8 1-8 .9 5.2 3^ 4 .6 1.0 .2 4.2 2. 6 .6 . 9 . 2 7.0 2. 8 1. 2 2.6 . 4 6.0 2.3 1.3 2.4 .4 16.3 3.1 1.7 4.7 6.8 6.2 2.9 .9 1.7 .8 5.2 2.3 .8 1.5 .7 13.1 5.3 1.2 4.2 2.4 11.9 4.6 1.2 3.9 2.3 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers.. . On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants . . . . UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate Job losers rate1 Job leaver rate' Reentrant rate1 New entrant rate' 17.7 3.4 1.7 5. 1 7.6 Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force. 14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age [Percent distribution] 1978 Total unemployed Duration of unemployment Reason, sex, and age Thousands of persons Total, 16 years and over. . . . Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Males, 20 years and over . . Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Females, 20 years and over. Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 166 Less than 5 weeks 15 weeks and over 27 weeks and over 6,047 100.0 46.2 31.0 22.8 12.3 10.5 2,514 698 1,816 851 1,814 867 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.6 52.4 33.3 29.3 16.3 34.3 19.6 17.9 17.3 15.8 50. 1 52. 3 51.6 32.1 31.2 32.4 30.3 29.8 31.1 17.8 11.2 9.4 9.3 13.4 5.6 16.5 8.5 8.4 8.0 2,252 100.0 37.9 31.6 30.5 15.5 15.0 1,387 387 1,000 326 456 82 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100-0 100.0 35.2 49. 1 29.9 43.3 42.9 34. 1 32.3 33.3 31.9 31.6 30.2 28.0 32.5 17.6 38.2 25.2 26.9 37.8 16.7 11.4 18.8 14.1 12.7 17.1 15.8 6-2 19.4 11.0 14. 2 20.7 2,236 100.0 47.9 30.4 21.8 11.9 9.9 831 248 583 362 909 134 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.9 52.8 32.9 48. 1 55.6 51. 1 31.9 31.0 32.2 31.2 28.6 30.8 29.2 16.1 34.9 20.7 15.8 18.0 16.4 1C.5 18.8 11.6 8.1 9.0 12.9 1,559 100.0 55.7 31.2 13.2 8.4 4.7 296 64 232 164 448 651 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100-0 100.0 53.7 72. 6 49. 1 67.5 55.0 54. 1 32. 1 17.7 35.8 26.4 32. 1 31.5 14.2 9.7 15.1 6. 1 12.9 14.4 10.1 8.1 10.3 4.3 8.7 8-3 4.1 1.6 4.7 1.8 4.2 6. 1 10.7 5.6 16.1 9.1 7.7 9.0 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 16. Unemployed jobteeker* by the jobsearch mathod* used. sex. age, and race 1978 Thousands of persons Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Sex, age, and race Total unemployed Total jobseekers Average number of methods Employer directly Total, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,047 1,559 1,425 1,358 689 554 338 123 5,200 1,461 1,237 1,125 558 4 47 268 105 26.3 17.1 30.2 31.6 31.4 27.7 26. 1 20.0 5.9 3.1 6.7 7.5 7.2 7.4 6.7 3.8 71.5 78.0 72.4 68.6 68.1 65.5 63.1 64.8 29.2 24.5 31.4 33.3 29.4 29.5 27.6 23.8 13.8 11.9 13.8 15.2 14.0 15.7 13.4 18.1 6.3 5.0 5.2 6.3 7.0 8.7 12.7 6.7 1.53 1.40 1.60 1.62 1.57 1.55 1.50 1.37 Males, 16 years and over. . 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,051 799 733 655 308 280 195 81 2,550 744 6 15 512 234 221 153 70 28.4 17.3 32.8 36.9 38.9 28.5 24.8 18.6 5.9 2.6 7.2 7. 8 8.1 7.2 6.5 2.9 72.2 78.9 72.7 69.5 66.7 67.4 64.7 68.6 26.6 22.2 29.6 30.9 27.4 26.2 22.9 22.9 16.2 14.4 16.3 18.4 15.8 18.6 13.1 18.6 8.2 5.5 6.3 8.2 11.5 12.7 17.0 7.1 1.57 1.41 1.65 1.72 1.68 1.61 1.49 1.39 Females, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,996 760 692 703 38 2 274 144 43 2,651 717 622 613 324 226 115 35 24.3 27. 1 25.9 27.0 27.8 22.9 6.0 3.8 6.3 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.0 5.7 70.7 77.3 72.0 67.9 69.1 63.7 60.9 57.1 31.6 26.9 33.3 35.4 30.9 32.7 34.8 22.9 11.5 9.3 11.4 12.6 12.7 12.4 13-9 20.0 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.6 3.7 4.9 7.8 5.7 1.49 1.39 1.55 1.54 1.49 1.48 1.52 1.34 White, 16 years and over . Males Females 4,620 2,365 2 r 255 3,894 1,937 1,957 24.0 26.0 22.1 5.8 5.7 6.0 72.6 73.2 71.9 30.4 27.4 33.4 13.7 15.7 11.7 6.3 8.3 4.3 1.53 1.56 1.49 Black and other, 16 years and over Males Females 1,427 686 741 1,307 6 13 694 33. 1 35.9 30.5 6.2 6.5 5.9 68.2 69.2 67.4 25.6 24.1 26.8 14.2 17.6 11.2 6.3 7.5 5.2 1.54 1.61 1.47 17.0 27.5 NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or waiting to begain a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more than 1 method. 16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment 1978 Thousands of persons Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Average number of methods used Sex and reason Public employment agency Private employment agency Placed Friends or relatives Total unemployed Total jobseekers Total, 16 years and over Job losers lob leavers Reentrants New entrants 6,047 2,514 851 1,814 867 5,200 1,809 837 1,704 851 26.3 35.3 26.4 21.5 16.7 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 3.3 71.5 69.9 74.1 69.4 76.4 29.2 30.5 33.8 28.3 23.5 13.8 15.9 12.7 13.0 12.3 6.3 7.4 4.3 7.0 4.6 .53 I. 66 I.58 .45 .37 Males, 16 years and over Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,051 1,572 406 687 38 5 2,550 1,137 398 637 378 28.4 35.4 28.1 22.6 17.2 5.9 7.1 6.0 5.2 3.2 72.2 70.6 74.1 71.3 76.7 26.6 27.4 31.2 24.6 22.5 16.2 16.8 14.6 16.3 15*9 8.2 9.2 5.0 9.9 5.3 .57 .67 .59 .50 .41 Females, 16 years and over . . . . Job losers Job leavers 2,996 942 445 1,127 482 2,651 672 439 1,066 473 24.3 35.1 24.8 20.7 16.5 6.0 7.4 6.8 5.8 3.4 70.7 68.6 74.0 68.4 76.3 31.6 35.6 36.2 30.6 24.3 11.5 14.3 11.2 10,9 9.5 0.6 4.2 3.6 5.4 .49 .65 New entrants Employer directly ads Other -«J7 1.42 1.34 NOTE: See note, table 15. 167 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Full-tiNM workers Total Duration of unemployment Thousands of parsons 1977 Total, 16 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 to 10 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Pwc#nt distribution 1978 1977 1978 100.0 6,855 6,047 100.0 2,856 2,089 1,507 582 1,911 896 1,015 516 499 2,793 1,875 1,377 499 1,379 746 633 322 311 41.7 30.5 22.0 8.5 27.9 13.1 14.8 7.5 7.3 14.3 7.0 11.9 5.9 — Ptreant distributio Tnoussnos of persons 46.2 31.0 22.8 8.3 22.8 12.3 10.5 5.3 5. 1 — 1977 1977 1978 1978 5,432 4,706 100.0 100.0 2,054 1,677 1,198 479 1,701 784 9 17 465 4 52 1,996 1.498 1,087 411 1,213 647 566 290 276 37.8 30.9 22.1 8.8 31.3 14.4 16.9 8.6 8.3 42.4 31.8 23.1 8.7 25.8 13.7 12.0 6.2 5.9 15.7 8.1 13.0 6.7 — — 18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status TnouMnos of persons Sex, age, race, and marital status Lass than 5 weeks 6 to 14 27 weeks Average (mean) duration, in weeks duration, in waaks 1978 Lass than 5 waaks as a 15 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed percent of unemployed in group in group 1977 1978 1977 1978 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,047 2,223 1,559 1,425 1,358 689 554 338 123 2,793 1,191 868 666 597 291 201 123 47 1,875 699 486 462 423 208 173 92 31 746 211 131 177 185 97 89 51 16 633 123 74 120 154 92 91 72 29 11.9 8.5 7.9 10.7 12.4 13.5 16.8 19.6 20.3 5-9 4.7 4.5 5.7 6.4 6.8 8.8 9.2 8.7 41.7 50.7 53.1 42.5 38.1 38.4 32.9 30.9 33.3 46.2 53.6 55.7 46.7 43.9 42.3 36.2 36.4 38.2 27.9 17.8 15.6 25.4 31.0 32.4 38.8 41.3 43.4 22.8 15.0 13.2 20.8 24.9 27.5 32.5 36.3 36.8 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,051 1,141 799 733 655 308 280 195 81 1,292 591 438 317 249 110 86 63 30 959 359 248 241 215 92 87 56 18 424 122 73 105 105 51 49 30 11 376 70 39 70 86 55 59 46 22 13.4 8.9 8.1 11.5 14.0 16.5 19.9 22.2 21.7 6.8 4.8 4.6 6.5 7.9 8.6 10.5 10.2 10.2 38.1 48.4 51.3 39.1 33.1 33.2 28.7 27.7 32.5 42.4 51.8 54.9 43.2 38.0 35.7 30.5 32.3 36.6 31.3 20.0 16.9 28.8 35.5 37.9 43.9 44.5 42.7 26.2 16.8 14.1 23.8 29. 1 34.3 38.3 38.8 40.9 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,996 1,08-2 760 692 703 382 274 144 43 1,501 599 430 349 34 7 182 115 60 18 917 340 238 221 207 116 86 36 13 322 89 57 72 80 46 40 21 5 257 53 35 49 68 38 33 26 7 10.5 8.1 7.7 9.9 10.9 11.0 13.7 16.0 17.5 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.6 7.0 7.6 6.8 45.6 53.2 55.1 46.5 43.6 43.0 37.0 34.9 34.8 50.1 55.4 56.6 50.4 49.4 47.6 42.0 41.9 41.4 24. 1 15.3 14.2 21.5 26.0 27.5 33.7 37.3 44.6 19.3 13.2 12.2 17.6 21.1 22.0 26.6 33.0 29.1 White, 16 years and over Males Females 4,620 2,365 2,255 2,212 1,047 1,166 1,413 738 675 553 314 239 442 267 175 11.3 12.6 9.8 5.5 6.3 4.8 42.6 39.3 46.3 47.9 44.3 51.7 27.5 30.5 24.2 21.5 24.5 18.4 Black and other, 16 years and over Males Females 1,427 686 741 581 246 335 462 221 241 193 110 83 191 109 82 14.0 15.9 12.3 7.2 8.6 6.1 38.2 33.4 43.0 40.7 35.8 45.2 29. 1 34.5 23.6 26.9 32.0 22.2 Males, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,106 295 1,650 397 118 778 355 86 518 179 39 206 175 52 149 15.8 17.3 11.1 8.6 7.7 5.6 33.3 31.0 43.2 35.9 39.8 47.1 36.4 39.2 25.7 32.0 31.0 21.5 , 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated . Single (never married) 1,274 543 1,179 636 251 614 382 167 367 153 59 110 103 66 88 10.2 12.4 9.8 5.0 5.9 4.8 46.2 38.0 48.4 49.9 46.2 52.0 25.2 30.3 19.8 20.1 23.0 16.8 Total, 16 years and over 168 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job Thousands of par ions Total Uutlwn 5 weeks 6 to 14 weeks 16 to 26 «VMkl 27 weeks and over 111! Occupation and industry Median duration, in waaks 1978 Lass than 5 weeks as a parcant of unemployed in group 1977 1978 15 weeks and over At a percent of unemployed in group 1978 1977 OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and managerial Sales workers Clerical workers 1,717 595 256 866 769 23 6 122 411 522 184 77 260 224 79 33 112 202 97 23 82 12.6 14.9 11.4 11.4 6.2 7.6 5.5 5.6 39.7 36.3 42.5 41.2 44.8 39.7 47.7 47.5 30.4 34.5 28.0 28.3 24.8 29.4 22.1 22.5 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 2,323 603 960 195 566 1,006 248 423 76 259 736 194 297 66 179 318 88 126 30 74 264 72 113 24 54 12.6 13.6 12.4 13.3 11.6 6.5 6.9 6.4 7.3 6.1 39.3 36.7 41.9 36.4 38.7 43.3 41.2 44.1 39.0 45.7 30.4 32.2 29.3 32.2 29.6 25.0 26.6 24.9 27.4 22.7 1,029 510 315 110 11.0 5.1 45.0 49.6 24.5 541 136 1,219 650 569 221 1,273 1,467 193 241 73 509 257 252 93 616 680 72 180 42 372 193 178 67 390 455 64 70 16 182 105 77 32 148 17 2 31 6 50 156 94 62 28 119 160 26 11.8 8.3 13.4 14.3 12.4 13.5 11. 1 12.1 14.1 6.2 4.7 7.0 7.7 6.3 6.9 5.3 5.8 8.1 37.1 48.4 38.9 37.0 41.3 38.2 42.5 41.8 35.8 44.5 53.8 41.7 39.6 44.2 42.2 46.4 46.4 37.4 31.6 20.8 32.4 34.6 29.6 31.1 26.8 27.8 32.5 15.7 22.3 27.8 30.7 24.4 27.4 21.0" 22.6 29.6 868 448 270 81 69 10.2 4.8 47.6 51.6 20.3 17.3 INDUSTRY 1 Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration No previous work experience 1 19.8 93 Service workers Includes wage and salary workers only. 20. Employed persons by sex and age [In thousands! Total Males Females Age and type of industry 1977 All industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Nonagricultural industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Agriculture 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 *o 59 years 60 to 64 years 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 90,546 7,610 3,084 4,526 12,855 56,351 23,140 16,990 16,221 10,966 6,810 4, 157 2,763 94,373 7,981 3,269 4,712 13,498 58,759 24,472 17,938 16,349 11,217 7,003 4,213 2,919 53,861 4, 124 1,704 2,420 7,031 34,164 14,049 10,252 9,863 6,794 4, 184 2,699 1,749 55,491 4,279 1,767 2,512 7,330 35,149 14,629 10,678 9,842 6,892 4,266 2,626 1,842 36,685 3,486 1,37S 2,107 5,824 22,188 9,091 6,739 6,358 4,173 2,625 1,547 1,015 38,882 3,702 1,502 2,200 6,168 23,609 9,843 7,260 6,507 4,325 2,738 1,587 1,077 87,302 7,211 2,867 4,344 12,480 54,739 22,584 16,501 15,653 10,449 6,508 3,941 2,423 91,031 7,586 3,054 4,532 13,108 57,092 23,858 17,437 15,796 10,680 6,710 3,970 2,566 51,222 3,793 1,531 2,263 6,717 32,911 13,616 9,875 9,420 6,359 3,935 2,424 1,442 52,810 3,959 1,596 2,363 7,017 33,861 14,148 10,296 9,417 6,447 4,033 2,414 1,527 36,080 3,4 18 1,336 2,082 5,764 21,828 8,969 6,626 6,233 4,090 2,573 1,516 981 38,221 3,627 1,458 2,169 6,091 23,231 9,710 7,141 6,379 4,234 2,677 1,556 1,038 3,244 399 217 182 37 5 1,613 556 490 567 5 17 301 216 340 3,342 395 214 180 390 1,667 614 501 553 536 293 243 354 2,639 331 174 157 314 1,253 433 376 443 434 249 185 307 2,681 320 170 150 313 1,288 481 382 425 445 233 212 315 605 68 43 25 60 360 122 113 125 83 52 31 33 661 75 44 30 77 379 133 119 127 91 60 31 39 169 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 21. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age [In thousands] Males, 20 yaar» and over Females, 20 ytars and ovar Males. 16-1t yaan Famatas, 16-19 yaart Occupation 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 90,546 94,37 3 49,73 7 51,212 33,199 35,180 4,124 4,279 3,486 3,702 45,187 47,205 21,348 21,981 21,453 22,741 660 652 1,726 1,831 13,692 2,471 3,024 8,197 14,245 2,605 2,992 8,648 7,772 86 7 873 6,032 8,066 915 863 6,288 5,741 1,586 2,126 2,029 5,988 1,670 2,106 2,212 84 5 6 73 97 3 5 89 95 14 19 62 94 18 17 59 Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Salaried workers Self-employed workers in retail trade Self-employed workers, except retail trade . 9,662 7,821 934 908 10,105 8,277 895 7,687 2,119 1,706 277 135 2,324 53 50 2 1 56 51 2 3 31 37 29 2 1 36 933 7,457 6,034 652 77 1 Sales workers Retail trade . . . . . . Other industries . . . 5,728 3,124 2,60 4 5,951 3,172 2,779 2,993 97 2 2,021 3,056 2,090 1,588 502 2,254 1,633 621 258 55 230 180 49 388 361 27 412 383 29 16,106 4,510 11,596 16,904 4,729 12,175 3,126 69 3,057 3 , 172 3,103 11,503 4,086 7,417 12,175 4,290 7,885 265 6 259 269 6 263 1,212 348 864 1,288 365 923 30,211 31,531 22,596 23,367 4,948 5,313 2,260 2,398 407 454 Craft and kindred workers Carpenters 'Construction craft, except carpenters Mechanics and repairers Metal craft Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified All other 11,881 1,171 2,40 4 3,180 1,229 12,386 1,253 2,508 3,335 1,213 10,84 1 1,08 1 2,271 2,992 1,164 11,213 1 , 166 2,351 3,124 1,145 560 8 22 42 34 653 10 31 47 34 440 80 108 143 29 476 75 120 161 33 39 2 3 2 1 44 2 6 2 1 1,554 2,343 1,671 2,404 1,40 3 1,930 1,496 1,930 137 317 164 366 11 69 9 77 3 28 31 Operatives, except transport Durable goods manufacturing . . . Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries 10,354 4,613 3,367 2,373 10,875 4,909 3,479 2,487 5,60 7 2,893 1,284 1,430 5,858 3,031 1,354 1,473 3,832 1,436 1,840 556 4,025 1,538 1,874 612 651 201 117 334 696 232 119 264 84 126 54 296 108 132 56 Transport equipment operatives Drivers, motor vehicles . . . . All other 3,476 3,065 2,563 502 3,096 2,606 490 222 204 17 242 230 12 173 140 33 188 555 3,541 3,011 530 26 16 14 2 15 13 2 Nonfarm laborers . Construction . . . Manufacturing . . Other industries . 4,500 807 1,069 2,624 4,729 895 1,106 2,728 3,083 631 805 1,648 3,200 700 818 1,682 334 10 121 203 393 15 143 235 995 162 135 698 1,038 175 132 730 88 4 8 75 98 5 13 81 12,392 12,839 3,792 3,844 6,376 6,673 922 960 1,301 1,341 1,158 11,234 4,095 1,324 5,815 1,162 11,677 4,283 1,358 6,036 21 3,772 741 1,198 14 3,829 753 1,220 886 5,490 2,075 99 5,779 2,170 111 15 908 548 21 339 13 947 581 23 343 2 36 1,065 732 5 240 1,121 1,833 1,856 3,316 3,498 2,756 2,798 282 269 Farmers and farm managers . . . 1,459 1,480 14 17 Farm laborers and supervisors . . Paid workers Unpaid family workers 1,296 973 323 1,318 267 252 199 195 57 TOTAL White-collar workers . Professional and technical Health workers Teachers, except college Other professional and technical Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries Other clerical workers Blue-collar workers . . . . Service workers . Private household workers Service workers, except private household . . Food service workers Protective service workers All other Farm workers 2,921 2,001 1,353 170 1,019 299 6,279 617 791 976 2,079 69 2,020 421 1,910 27 5 138 203 345 161 92 648 688 613 35 655 33 323 132 191 779 4 338 56 52 130 329 126 203 2 328 453 1,332 1 1 69 51 35 16 55 37 18 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 22. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race [Percent distribution] Occupation and race 1977 1978 1977 197« 1977 1978 90,546 100.0 94,373 100.0 53,861 100.0 55,491 100.0 36,685 100.0 38,882 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical work«rs 49.9 15- 1 10.7 6.3 17.8 50.0 15.1 10.7 6.3 17.9 HO.9 14.6 13.9 6.0 6.3 40.8 14.7 14.0 5.9 6.2 63.2 15.9 5.9 6.6 34.7 63.2 15.6 6.1 6.9 34.6 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 33.4 13.1 11.4 3.8 5.0 33.4 13. 1 11.5 3.8 5.0 46.1 20.9 11.6 6.0 7.6 46.4 21.1 11.8 5.9 7.6 14.6 1.6 11.2 .6 1.2 14.8 1.8 11.1 .7 1-3 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 13.7 1.3 12.4 13.6 1-2 12.4 6.8 .1 8.7 8.7 (1) 8.6 20.9 3.1 17.9 20.7 2.9 17.7 3.0 1.6 1.4 3.0 1.6 1.4 4.2 2.5 1.7 4.1 2.4 1.7 1.3 .3 1.0 1.3 .3 1.0 80,734 100.0 83,836 100.0 48,578 100.0 49,893 100.0 32,156 100.0 33,943 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 51.7 15.5 11.4 6.8 18.0 51.8 15.5 11.4 6.7 18.0 42.4 15.1 14.8 6.4 6,1 42.4 15.3 14.8 6.3 6.0 65.6 16.1 6.3 7.3 35.9 65.5 15.9 6.5 7.4 35.7 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 32.9 13.6 11.0 3.7 4.6 32.9 13.7 11.0 3,.6 4.6 45.3 21.5 11.3 5.7 6.8 45.6 21.7 11.4 5.6 7.0 14.1 1.7 10.6 .7 1.1 14.3 1.9 10.5 -7 1.2 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 12.3 .9 11.4 12.3 .9 11.4 7.9 .1 7.9 7.8 (D 7.8 19.0 2.2 16.7 18.8 2.2 16.6 3.1 1.8 1.4 3.0 1.7 1.3 4.3 2.7 1.6 4.2 2.6 1.5 1.3 .3 1.1 1.4 .4 1.0 9,812 100.0 10,537 100.0 5,283 100.0 5,599 100.0 4,529 100.0 4,938 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 35.3 11.8 4.8 2.6 16.1 36.2 11.7 4.8 2.8 16.9 26.3 9.6 6.4 2.6 7.7 26.7 9.8 6.5 2.6 7.8 45.8 14.3 2.9 2.6 26.0 47.1 13.8 2.9 3. 1 27.2 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers i 3 7.6 9.0 15. 1 5.2 8.3 37.2 8.8 15.5 5.0 7.9 54.0 15.5 14.8 9.3 14.4 53.6 15.4 15.7 8.9 13.6 18.4 1.3 15.5 .4 1.2 18.6 1.3 15.3 .5 1.4 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 25.0 4.2 20.8 24.1 3.6 20.5 16.5 .2 16.3 15.9 .1 15.8 34.9 8.9 26.0 33.4 7.7 25.8 2.2 .4 1.8 2.4 .5 2.0 3.2 .7 2.6 3.9 .8 3.0 (D .9 .9 .1 .7 TOTAL Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors . . .v Whit* Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and-supervisors Black and othar Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors .9 ' Less than 0.05 percent. 171 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES 23. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) 1978 1978 Percent of total Percent of total Occupations Occupation! 94,373 Total, 16 years and over White-collar workers Professional and technical Accountants Architects Computer specialists Computer programmers Computer systems analysts Engineers Aeronautical and astronautical engineers Civil engineers Electrical and electronic engineers Industrial engineers Mechanical engineers Foresters and conservationists Lawyers and judges Lawyers Librarians, archivists, and curators Librarians Life and physical scientists Biological scientists Chemists Operations and systems researchers and analyst* . . Personnel and labor relations workers Physicians, dentists and related practitioners Dentists Pharmacists Physicians, medical and osteopathte Nurses, dieticians, and therapists Registered nurses ., Therapists Health technologists and technicians Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiologic technologists and technicians Religious workers Clergy Social scientists Economists Psychologists Social and recreation workers Social workers , Recreation workers Teachers, college and university Teachers, except college and university Adult education teachers Elementary school teachers Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers . . . . Secondary school teachers Teachers except collage and university, n.e.c . . Engineering and science technicians Chemical technicians Drafters Electrical and electronic engineering technicians Surveyors Technicians, except health, engineering and science Airplane pilots Radio operators Vocational and educational counselors Writers, artists, and entertainers Athletes and kindred workers Designers Editors and reporters Musicians and composers Painters and sculptors Photographers Public relations specialists and publicity writers Research workers, not specified All other professional and technical workers _ Managers and administrators, except farm Bank officials and financial managers Buyers and purchasing agents Buyers, wholesale and retail trade Credit and collection managers Health administrators _ _ _ 41.2 11.2 47,205 14,245 975 69 428 247 152 1,265 59 160 329 206 216 58 499 479 202 187 273 58 118 129 405 756 117 136 424 1,351 1,112 189 498 208 97 325 262 255 118 106 505 385 121 562 2,992 81 1,304 299 1,154 224 985 76 296 227 82 173 69 53 171 1,193 101 161 184 149 186 93 131 122 54 52.1 42.7 30.1 5.8 23.1 26.7 21.1 2.8 8.1 8.7 7.5 5.8 6.5 10,105 573 370 170 49 184 _ _ 1.9 1.8 8.7 .9 6.9 9.4 9.4 80.7 84.5 17.9 37.9 14.4 21.7 43.7 10.4 1.7 16.9 11.3 92.9 96.7 70.4 70.9 73.6 67.0 14.8 3.8 33.7 22.9 48.1 61.0 62.3 57.0 33.8 71.0 49.4 84.0 96.5 51.6 75.9 13.4 21.1 11.1 7.9 2.4 17.3 1.4 47.2 52.6 35.5 40.6 27.3 42.4 30.9 44.6 14.0 40.5 32.0 37.0 23.4 30.4 30.5 40.0 36.7 46.2 6.5 7.2 5.5 3.4 8.1 6.4 5.3 5.1 3.4 2.6 2.7 6.9 7.0 9.2 12.1 11.9 6.2 12.3 7.3 4.3 6,6 9.7 11.7 11.7 9.0 12.9 14.4 9.3 8.9 3.1 7.8 8.5 8.5 19.2 19.0 20.7 7.1 9.8 11.1 10.6 15.7 8.6 4.5 7.5 6.6 5.4 11.0 2.4 5.8 1.4 9.4 14.6 5.1 4.0 6.8 4.9 7.4 2.2 5.4 4.6 10.7 11.1 5.0 4.4 4.6 5.3 2.0 7.6 White-collar workers—Continued Managers and administrators—Continued Inspectors, except construction and public administration . Managers and superintendents, building Office managers, n.e.c Officials and administrators; public administration n.e.c. . . Officials of lodges, societies, and unions Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers Sales managers and department heads, retail trade Sales managers, except retail trade School administrators, college School administrators, elementary and secondary All other managers and administrators Total employed 98 157 370 420 121 589 343 330 108 275 6,118 15.3 50.3 65.1 24.8 27.3 33.8 37.3 7.0 32.4 35.6 16.6 7.1 6.4 2.4 9.0 7.4 8.7 5.0 1.9 10.7 12.4 4.2 Sales workers Advertising agents and sales workers Demonstrators Hucksters and peddlers Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters Newspaper carriers and vendors Real estate agents and brokers Stock and bond sales agents Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c Sales representatives, manufacturing industries . Sales representatives, wholesale trade Sales clerks, retail trade Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade Sales workers, services and construction 5,951 96 96 203 548 93 555 109 4,247 386 840 2,338 513 169 44.8 35.4 94.8 80.8 20.3 29.0 45.0 .2 46.4 14.5 9.4 71.5 17.5 43.2 5.0 2.1 4.2 5.4 6.8 6.5 2.7 3.7 5.2 3.1 3.8 6.4 2.9 7.7 Clerical workers Bank tellers Billing clerks Bookkeepers Cashiers Clerical supervisors, n.e.c Collectors, bill and account Counter clerks, except food Dispatchers and starters, vehicle Enumerators and interviewers Estimators and investigators, n.e.c Expediters and production controllers File clerks Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators . . Library attendants and assistants Mail carriers, post office Mail handlers, except post office Messengers and office helpers . Office machine operators Bookkeeping and billing machine operators Computer and peripheral equipment operators . Key punch operators Payroll and timekeeping clerks Postal clerks Receptionists Secretaries Secretaries, legal Secretaries, medical Secretaries, n.e.c Shipping and receiving clerks Statistical clerks Stenographers Stock clerks and storekeepers Teachers aides, except school monitors Telephone operators Ticket, station, and express agents Typists All other clerical workers 16,904 449 168 1,830 1,403 204 78 37 97 53 45 22 273 169 172 256 162 8 827 4! 393 27 24 26 588 3.59C 16. 8. 3,34 46! 37 9< 50 34: 31 12 1,04 1,67 79.6 91.5 88.1 90.7 87.1 63.2 57.7 77.2 30.9 75.5 53.4 32.1 85.7 51.5 80.8 11.7 49.4 28.7 74.2 86.7 58.3 95.6 75.5 32.2 96.9 99.2 99.4 98.8 99.2 22.8 76.1 90.4 31.2 92.1 94.2 40.6 96.6 41.9 10.5 8.0 7.7 5.0 10.6 11.3 11.5 10.1 9.3 15.9 10.6 8.0 23.4 11.2 11.0 9.4 19.1 20.7 15.4 13.3 13.2 18.3 7.1 24.7 9.5 6.2 3.1 7.2 6.3 14.8 11.7 10.6 12.8 18.1 12.5 11.7 16.2 14.3 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Carpenters Brickmasons and stonemasons Cement and concrete finshers Electricians Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators . Painters, construction and maintenance 31,53 12,38i 1,25 20 8 59i 42 48. 18.3 5.6 1.0 12.4 7.5 5.3 15.2 36.1 4.4 8.5 9.1 5.2 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 23. Employed persons by detailed occupation, aex, and race—Continued (Numbers in thousands) 1978 1978 Percent of total Occupations Blue-collar workers—Continued Craft and kindred workers—Continued Plumbers and pipefitters Structural metal craft workers Roofers and slaters Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c Machinists and job setters . Job and die setters, metal Machinists Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and job setters Millwrights Molders, metal Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths Tool and die makers Mechanics, automobiles Automobile body repairers Automobile mechanics Mechanics, except automobiles Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration mechanics Aircraft mechanics Data processing machine repairers Farm implement mechanics Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics Office machine repairers Radio and television repairers Railroad and car shop mechanics Printing craft workers Compositors and typesetters Printing press operators Bakers Cabinetmakers Carpet installers Crane, derrick, and hoist operators Decorators and window dressers Electric power line and cable installers and repairers Inspectors, n.e.c Locomotive engineers Stationary engineers Tailors , Telephone installers and repairers Telephone line installers and repairers . Upholsterers All other craft workers Operatives, except transport Assemblers Bottling and canning operatives Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing Clothing ironers and pressers Cutting operatives, n.e.c Dressmakers, except factory Drillers, earth Dry wall installers and lathers Filers, polishers, Sanders, and buffers Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers, metal Garage workers and gas station attendants Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing Mine operatives, n.e.c Mixing operatives Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and produce Painters, manufactured articles Photographic process workers Precision machine operatives Drill press operatives Grinding machine operatives Lathe and milling machine operatives Punch and stamping press operatives Sawyers Sewers and stitchers 428 78 114 1,671 591 98 493 622 95 54 153 182 1,209 184 1,024 2,126 210 132 63 62 950 145 63 131 49 417 181 169 128 78 68 156 125 111 139 54 179 45 297 77 59 575 ,875 164 56 736 126 263 116 51 105 129 61 416 174 204 114 177 85 675 182 96 386 64 129 125 156 138 814 .7 .9 9.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.7 13.0 1.3 1.1 .6 1.1 .6 2.0 1.0 3.0 4.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 3.1 21.8 28.7 10.1 48.4 2.6 1.5 2.6 70.4 .9 8.6 1.9 1.1 31.1 6.7 2.6 23.7 15.3 39.7 52.1 44.6 48.8 80.2 31.9 97.4 3.9 1.0 29.5 4.9 4.8 67.8 6.4 28.9 2.3 3.5 62.5 14.8 50.0 11.1 23.4 7.8 8.8 30.1 10.1 94.8 7.0 3,8 10.5 7.0 6.6 7.1 6.5 6.8 4.2 20.4 5.2 2.2 8.9 9.8 8.7 6.6 4.8 8.3 7.9 3.2 6.5 8.3 11.1 5.3 14.3 7.9 9.4 7.7 10.2 5.1 7.4 16.7 6.4 3.6 11.5 3.7 6.7 11.1 5.4 3.9 11.9 8.0 15.0 16.4 17.9 11.8 42.9 14.4 12.1 5.9 10.5 12.4 24.6 9.4 26.4 9.8 19.3 5.1 20.0 17.6 13.7 12.5 7.5 7.8 8.5 5.6 14.7 17.4 17.4 NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of occupations which cannot be more specifically identified. Percent of total Total employed Blue-collar workers—Continued Operatives, except transport—Continued Shoemaking machine operatives Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal . . . Textile operatives Spinners, twisters, and winders Welders and flame cutters Winding operatives, n.e.c All other operatives, except transport 78 71 374 151 679 68 3,181 76.9 1.4 59.9 66.2 6.0 54.4 33.4 7,7 14.1 25.7 29.1 11.0 13.2 14.8 Transport equipment operatives Busdrivers Delivery and route workers Fork lift and tow motor operatives Railroad switch operators Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs Truck drivers All other transport equipment operatives .. 3,541 337 579 363 52 172 1,923 115 7.3 45.1 6.6 2.8 9.9 1.9 2.6 14.9 21.1 8.1 19.8 9.6 24.4 13.9 20.0 Nonfarm laborers Animal caretakers Construction laborers including carpenters' helpers Freight and material handlers Garbage collectors Gardeners and grounds keepers, except farm . Timber cutting and logging workers Stockhandlers Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners . . . . Warehouse laborers, n.e.c All other nonfarm laborers 4,729 83 10.4 51.8 17.7 9.6 953 798 79 614 90 915 199 262 736 2.7 8.5 5.1 5.9 1.1 23.5 12.6 4.2 8.4 18.6 19.9 32.9 17.1 26.7 10.9 17.6 14.9 22.0 12,839 1,162 486 530 118 11,677 2,430 179 862 1,389 4,283 282 215 1,186 240 463 1,383 514 1,846 130 276 1,037 402 1,760 306 121 425 542 135 96 1,358 221 548 475 60 62.6 97.7 98.1 97.0 99.2 59.1 35.3 97.2 53.6 16.0 68.9 39.4 20.9 57.2 34.2 85.7 90.5 74.7 89.9 98.5 86.2 87.0 97.0 74.0 57.2 9.1 94.8 89.1 68.1 87.5 8.5 .5 9.7 5.9 5.0 19.8 33.0 7.6 52.5 44.1 18.5 28.1 40.8 32.3 24.0 13.7 6.4 13.5 20.2 17.1 11.4 7.2 20.6 23.6 3.8 19.6 27.6 22.4 15.3 13.1 14.0 15.3 9.2 19.3 34.4 13.5 7.2 20.1 9.9 5.0 2,798 1,480 1,445 1,3J8 972 299 18,2 8.9 8.9 28.6 17.2 69.6 9.2 3.4 3.5 15.7 20.2 2.7 Service workers Private households Child care workers Cleaners and servants Housekeepers Service workers, except private households Cleaning workers Lodging quarters cleaners Building interior cleaners, n.e.c Janitors and sextons Food service workers Bartenders Waiters' assistants Cooks Dishwashers Food counter and fountain workers Waiters Food service workers, n.e.c Health service workers Dental assistants Health aides, excluding nursing Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Practical nurses Personal service workers Attendants Barbers Child care workers Hairdresserc and cosmetologists , Housekeepers, excluding privajb households . Welfare service aides Protective service workers Fire fighters Guards Police and detectives Sheriffs and bailiffs Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farmers (owners and tenants) Farm laborers and supervisors Farm laborers, wage workers Farm laborers, unpaid family workers . 173 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 24. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex [In thousands] 1978 Agriculture Nonagricultttral industries MABJB and salary workers S«lf employed Wag* and salary workers family ' workers Unpaid family workers Self employed Total, 16 years and over . 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 84,25* 7,467 2,994 4,473 12,750 22,353 15,867 14,286 9,513 6,032 3,461 2,018 32J 243 80 101 156 144 208 2S0 130 120 181 15,288 605 224 382 1,592 4,403 3,300 3,104 1,981 1,286 692 303 67,603 6,539 2,528 4,011 11,058 17,793 12,423 10,974 7,282 4,613 2,669 1,534 6,305 87 42 45 332 1,422 1,444 1,391 1,108 638 470 522 472 32 18 14 26 83 127 119 60 41 19 25 1,418 288 154 134 266 310 176 163 140 78 62 76 1,607 31 12 19 96 254 277 329 358 191 167 262 316 76 48 27 28 49 48 61 38 24 14 16 Males, 16 years and over. . 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 48,238 3,884 1,558 2,326 6,787 13,151 9,261 8,386 5,623 3,552 2,071 1,146 177 77 59 18 20 13 6 11 22 10 12 28 7,722 279 107 172 658 2,209 1,698 1,636 1,072 695 377 171 40,339 3,529 1,393 2,136 6,108 10,929 7,557 6,739 4,529 2,847 1,683 947 4,529 55 25 29 222 994 1,034 1,029 822 480 342 37 4 43 20 13 7 9 3 1 2 2 1 1 7 1,135 236 124 112 209 249 133 125 114 60 54 69 1,455 27 10 16 87 224 248 299 329 171 158 24 0 91 57 36 22 17 8 1 1 2 1 1 5 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and ovtr 36,016 3,583 1,436 2,147 5,963 9,203 6,605 5,900 3,890 2,480 1,410 872 1,186 246 184 62 81 144 137 197 228 120 108 153 7,566 326 117 210 933 2,195 1,603 1,469 909 593 316 132 27,264 3,010 1,135 1,875 4,950 6,864 4,865 4,234 2,753 1,767 986 587 1,776 32 16 16 110 427 410 36 3 286 158 128 148 429 13 6 7 17 80 126 117 58 40 18 18 283 52 30 22 57 61 43 37 26 18 8 6 153 4 1 2 9 30 29 31 29 20 9 21 225 18 12 6 11 41 46 59 37 23 14 11 25. Employed persons by industry and occupation [In thousands] 197 8 Total employed Professional and Sales workers Clerical workers workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment Nonfarm laborers household workers Other service workers Farm workers Total, 16 years and over: Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance,insurance, and real estate Services Private households . . . Other service industries Public administration . . . 174 3,342 828 6,043 21,497 12,821 8,676 66 112 167 2,147 1,417 730 32 75 712 1,502 878 624 10 7 23 479 181 298 78 93 405 2,507 1,43 9 1,068 48 220 3,339 4,144 2,719 1,425 19 239 277 8,388 4,909 3,479 46 50 191 803 393 410 6,162 19,253 3,616 15,636 518 375 123 252 57 3 3,675 761 2,915 46 4,000 828 3, 172 1,382 3,329 739 2,590 1,342 1,469 318 1,151 162 1,009 187 822 1,462 725 366 359 492 1,194 264 930 5,406 26,821 1,396 25,425 5,020 275 9,629 1,046 1,852 1,213 171 1,852 637 171 2 2,431 4,870 9 4,861 1,810 101 1,415 5 1,410 309 8 725 2 723 48 7 203 6 197 55 73 552 142 410 154 13 9,616 957 237 25 895 1,106 651 4 55 7 8 33 422 235 187 187 3,476 32 3,445 1,162 1,162 254 6,241 57 6,184 1,048 2,798 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 26. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex 1978 Wage and salary workers Industry Total employed Total Government Private industries SeK-employed workers Unpaid family workers TOTAL Both sexes, 16 years and over: Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital Hospitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration 828 805 6,043 21,497 12,821 8,676 6,162 19,253 3,616 15,636 5,406 26,821 1,396 25,425 3,490 2,430 1,018 18,327 2,933 3,781 1,525 7,625 2,464 4,924 21,151 12,605 8,546 5,911 17,271 3,355 13*915 4,984 24,187 1,363 22,824 2,816 1,67 2 887 17,331 2,582 3,776 1,499 7,483 1,989 159 118 5,020 5,020 1 552 126 89 37 825 109 3 107 117 8,538 8,538 33 11 115 8,301 4 37 1,179 587 5,980 117 79 5,020 804 21 2 4,371 21,026 12,516 8,509 5,086 17,162 3,353 13,809 4,868 15,649 1,363 14,286 2,783 1,661 1,072 47 29 18 11 10 251 22 229 28 104 — 104 42 22 772 9,030 2,145 2,599 912 1,503 1,872 39 316 198 119 241 1,731 239 1,492 394 2,530 33 2,497 633 735 127 964 334 3 26 141 460 38 4 33 17 — 1 1 14 3 — Males Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital Hospitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration 1 514 91 70 21 20 710 — 731 711 5,630 14,943 9,720 5,223 4,722 10,489 2,717 7,772 2,403 10,561 4,581 14,682 9,543 5, 139 4,499 9,334 2,503 6,830 2,095 9,004 178 177 10.383 2,420 803 638 6,389 8,827 1,890 546 68 3,022 — 3,022 18 3 68 5,718 2,871 2,847 670 752 915 632 492 913 617 140 366 351 547 167 449 2,664 1,426 2,640 1,056 2,113 134 98 36 — 3,331 3,331 527 972 36 -- — — — — 84 61 260 2 15 23 369 3,331 575 649 46 2 44 4,067 14,591 9,473 5,118 3,851 9,288 2,50 2 6,786 2,027 5,982 4 3 2 1 1 26 1 25 2 8 1,045 258 175 83 222 1,130 213 917 305 1,549 177 1 5,805 1,872 1,548 8 524 227 91 5 1 572 478 — — 1 1 1 — • • " Ft ma Us Mining , Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital Hbspitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration 97 413 94 343 6,554 3,101 3,453 1,441 8,764 6,469 3,062 3,407 1,412 7,937 — 94 38 35 19 16 177 63 1 62 48 1 305 27 58 23 36 19 601 25 576 89 981 32 949 109 509 36 294 74 1 10 117 91 2 — 6,434 3,043 3,391 1,236 7,874 851 899 852 7,865 3,004 16,259 1,218 15,041 1,071 1,627 7,085 2,889 15,183 1, 186 13,997 5,516 925 15 910 1,097 8 1,090 380 1 1 , 9 38 2,181 2,865 893 U 96 1 1*038 25 1,689 —- 5,516 7,023 2,841 9,667 1, 186 8,481 341 46 294 11,613 2f090 5,429 6,184 1,793 2,052 882 297 813 420 4,843 3,867 933 21 33 1,689 1,689 2,86 4 18 463 976 900 3 — 2 43 26 16 10 10 225 21 204 26 96 —• 96 37 21 4 32 17 — 1 1 14 3 175 H O U S E H O L D DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 27. Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex (Percent distribution) 1978 Total employed White-collar workers Service workers Blue-collar workers Managers Industry and sex Numbers (in Percent thousands) Profesional and technical workers and adminisstrators. Sales workers Clerical workers Craft and (indred workers 2.3 11.2 6.7 11.7 11.2 12.3 22.4 17.3 20.4 16.6 45.0 18.2 .6 19.1 36.1 1.4 26.5 55.3 19.3 21.2 16.4 21.8 7.6 8.8 7.4 1.9 5.3 .4 5.5 6.2 .6 28.8 4.6 39.0 38.3 40.1 2.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 .1 2.7 .1 2 .8 1.0 .2 3.3 1.8 5.4 5.3 5.5 9.4 5.1 6.0 4.8 14.4 4.7 .6 4.8 20.8 1.8 30.0 58.7 25.5 26.4 23.8 27.8 12.3 11.1 12.8 4.0 12.4 2.8 12.5 9.0 10.9 70.4 74.1 26.0 29.8 22.6 65.2 31.9 64.2 28.2 69.5 26.9 .7 29.0 66.2 .2 1.0 8.2 5.1 4.9 5.3 1.9 2.0 1.7 2,0 .2 ,7 except farm 'rivate Dperatives, ' "ransport except < quipment • transport <jperatives . lonfarm a borers Other use hold workers Farm workers service workers Total Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration 3,342 828 6,043 21,497 12,821 8,676 6,162 19,253 3,616 15,636 5,406 26,821 1,396 25,425 5,020 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.0 13.5 2.8 10.0 11.1 8.4 8.4 1.9 3.4 1.6 5.1 35.9 .9 37.8 19.1 1.0 9.0 11.8 7.0 6,8 7.2 9.3 19.1 21.0 18.6 19.3 6.9 .3 .8 .4 2.2 1.4 3.4 .7 20.8 22.9 20.3 22.4 .6 7.3 12. 7 .7 2,681 731 5,630 14,943 9,720 5,223 4,722 10,489 2,717 7,772 2,403 10,561 178 10,383 3,331 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.7 13.3 2.8 12.0 13.0 10.2 9.2 2.5 3.6 2.1 7.0 42.5 .6 43.3 21.3 1.0 9.6 12.2 8.9 8.2 10.3 10.0 26.3 25.0 26.8 29.0 11.6 .2 1.0 .3 2.6 1.7 4.4 .6 18.2 27.7 14.9 34.6 .9 11.8 14.2 .9 661 97 413 6,554 3,101 3,453 1,441 8,764 899 7,865 3,004 16,259 1,218 15,041 1,689 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.0 15.3 2.7 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.6 1.3 2.8 1.1 3.5 31.6 1.0 34.1 14.6 .8 5.1 6.1 2.5 2.6 2.5 7.1 10.4 9.0 10.6 11.6 3.9 .8 1.2 1.4 .6 2,0 1.2 23.9 8.3 25,6 12,7 .5 4.2 9.8 .5 .1 1.4 6,0 3.2 3.7 3.1 k\l 23.7 3.8 10.1 2,3 .1 .8 .4 .8 1.1 7.1 3.0 14.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 8,0 6.2 7.3 5 .9 1.3 2,1 10.2 1.6 3.1 .6 32.0 4.8 31.7 33.6 28.2 3.2 7.0 4.1 8.0 .1 3.5 .6 3.5 1.2 1.6 6.7 3.4 5.2 3.9 7.7 27.3 6.6 13.1 4.3 .2 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.5 7.3 3.3 15.6 6.4 5.9 7.2 10.1 9.8 8.4 10.3 2.8 4.6 75.8 3.4 4.0 .6 5.1 1.0 55.7 53.1 58.1 .8 3.1 8.2 2.5 .2 2.2 .1 2.4 .4 .5 1.0 .5 .4 .4 .3 11.9 .4 1.2 .3 — ,1 .1 ,1 .2 6.2 1.0 4.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.1 1.9 4.0 1.7 .1 ,4 .6 .4 1.2 l | — — 4.3 83.2 ,2 1.0 ,5 2.0 1.8 2,2 3.0 18.1 .9 22,0 4.7 23,3 4,1 24.3 20.9 83.7 .2 1.0 .5 2.3 2.0 2.9 2.4 12.2 1.0 16.1 7.8 17.8 2.2 18.1 27.9 85.3 ,5 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.1 25.1 .6 27.9 2.2 26.8 4.4 28,6 7.1 76.8 — — Males Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration II — — — .3 15.2 — II . — — — — — Females Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration 176 .7 .5 7.0 93.2 — . — HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 28. Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race (Percent distribution) 1978 Total employed White-collar workers Service workers Blue-collar workers Managers Industry and race ProfesPercent thousands) administrators. Farm and sional and technical workers Numbers (in except farm Craft Sales workers Clerical workers and kindred Operatives, Transport except equipment transport operatives Nonfarm laborers Private household workers workers Other service workers workers WHITE 3,034 796 5,554 19,087 11,455 7,632 5,407 17,686 3,356 14,330 4,922 23,109 962 22,147 4,242 Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.0 13.5 2.8 10.6 11.7 9.0 8.9 2.0 3.4 1.7 5.1 37.8 1.1 39.4 19.9 1.1 9.4 12.5 7.7 7.5 8.0 10.1 19.8 22.0 19.2 20.3 7.4 __ 7.7 13.7 .3 .9 .4 2.4 1.6 3.7 .8 21.4 23.7 20.9 23.5 .7 308 32 489 2,411 1,366 1,044 756 1,567 261 1,306 485 3,712 434 3,278 779 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.0 (1) 2.2 4.9 5.8 3.9 4.9 1.5 3.1 1.1 5.4 24.1 .5 27.3 14.5 — 4.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 3.8 11.5 8.8 12.1 9.3 3.8 — 4.3 7.1 .7 — 2.5 11.2 7.0 12.1 11.7 12.8 22.2 17.3 20.6 16.5 44.0 18.8 .8 19.6 35.1 1.5 26.6 56.1 20.0 21.8 17.3 23.0 7.8 8.8 7.6 1.8 5.6 .4 5.8 6.1 .5 28.6 4.6 37.2 36.8 37.7 2.5 5.1 4.7 5.1 .1 2.5 ,2 2.6 .8 1.3 6.2 3.0 3.6 2.8 4.8 23.1 3.5 9.4 2.1 .1 .7 .3 .7 .8 6.9 2.9 13.2 4.6 4.5 4.7 6.9 6.0 6.6 5.8 1.3 2.0 11.9 1.5 2.6 .3 (1) 3.5 7.9 7.2 8.8 24.3 17.4 19.1 17.1 54.5 14.0 .2 15.9 41.4 1.0 (1) 45.3 13.4 15.9 10.3 12.6 5.7 8.8 5.1 2.9 3.2 — 3.7 6.2 1.3 (1) 4.7 53.7 50.9 57.4 3.4 7.3 11.1 6.5 .2 3.9 — 4.5 1.7 2.6 (1) 5.1 4.9 5.3 4.4 28.0 6.6 19.5 4.0 .6 .9 .7 1.0 3.0 i 9.4 — — .7 .2 1.2 .7 13.5 12.2 13.8 11.6 .3 — .3 — __ — — ; i • j ! i 3.4 81.1 • .2 .9 .4 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.6 17.2 .8 21.1 3.8 21.1 4.2 21.8 20.9 83.7 ! ! — — ! : | BLACK AND OTHER Agriculture Mining _, Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration .... .... .3 1 (1) j 2.0 ; 3.4 : (1) i 33.1 ! 9.5 I 10.0 i 8.9 ! 16.0 9.0 15.6 i 7.7 2.1 i 2.6 • 6.5 2.1 5.5 ! 84.0 j 3 . 3 ;! ! ! ; — ; : I 10.3 1 88.2 i 3.4 6.2 27.4 1.9 32.5 13.4 36.8 -- ' ! ; 3.9 I — 41.1 20.7 — — Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000. 177 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 29. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race (Percent distribution) 1978 Manufacturing Transportation Age, sex, and race Mining Construe- Durable Nondurable Wholesale and retail trade goods Total goods public utilities 8,676 100.0 6,162 100.0 and Finance, nsurance, and Service duttrits' Public administration real estate TOTAL 5,425 100.0 5,020 100.0 5,406 100.0 5.2 6.4 2.9 94.8 16.1 78.6 63.3 15.4 93.6 13.9 79.7 64.8 14.9 97.1 66.4 4,7 6.0 3.2 95.3 14.1 81.2 67.3 14.0 94.0 14.1 79.9 65.3 14.5 96.8 11.7 85.1 72.0 13.1 93.2 69.5 75.8 60.2 76.6 54.5 44.4 40.8 6.8 3.4 3.3 3.5 2.2 9.1 1.2 2.7 1.3 84.4 12.9 71.5 60.8 10.7 86.4 15.8 70.6 58.9 11.6 66.1 56.7 74.4 45.4 43.3 38.1 65.0 56.7 46.6 10.1 72.6 10.3 62.3 51.2 11.1 11.6 6,8 30.5 .6 .5 6.3 1.1 5,2 4.4 .9 1.8 2.5 8.4 7.8 .6 85.0 3.6 Males, 16 years and over 16 t o 19 years 20 years and over 5.2 94.8 14.1 80.7 66.5 14.2 3.6 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 t o 54 years 55 years and over 7.3 92.7 16,9 75.8 63.3 12.5 9,253 100.0 17.7 82.3 16.9 65.4 51.6 13.9 88.2 20 years and over 4.3 95.7 15.4 80.2 68.8 11.5 Total, 16 years and over (in thousands) Percent 16 t o 19 years 828 100.0 6,043 100.0 21,497 100.0 12,821 100.0 9.0 88.1 72.1 16.0 Females, 1 6 years and over 16 to 19 years 8.2 8.8 4.2 5.0 4.1 36.5 28.7 39.1 29.7 33.1 26.4 8.7 66.2 55.3 10.9 7.8 9.4 6.7 60.9 49.8 11.1 24.2 39.8 23.4 45.5 55.6 59.2 33.6 1.4 2.5 1.1 8.6 4.1 3.7 1.6 28.6 22.8 37.3 22.3 36.9 32.0 4.7 6.0 3.4 8.0 23.9 19.9 18.9 16.1 31.3 25.5 18.9 16.7 28.9 22.9 51.5 11.9 39.6 33.6 55.5 3.8 4.1 2.9 5.8 2.2 6.0 85.4 62.3 68.1 53.6 67.5 6.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 1.9 78.9 14.7 64.2 53.8 10.4 59.2 65.1 50.4 65.5 10.7 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 8.1 48.5 39.8 81.4 12.5 68.9 58.4 10.5 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 6.5 .5 6.1 1.0 5.0 4.2 11.0 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 9.4 8.9 4.8 46.6 38.4 27.2 22.3 6.0 8.2 5.0 49.9 40.9 36.4 57.2 8.5 1.0 2.4 1.0 41.4 39.9 34.0 56.2 White Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over .6 8.3 9.2 7.0 7.2 8.1 3.6 4.4 3.5 50.9 41.5 43.4 35.3 58.3 48.6 33.3 26.0 36.3 27 .4 29.6 23.5 52.8 43.1 9,4 55.9 45.7 10.2 8.1 9.8 7.3 8.9 6.0 9.7 26.5 21.2 34.4 20.3 42.0 50.1 50.8 27.3 1.7 1.3 2.3 .9 8.0 3.6 3.2 1.2 24,8 19.9 32.1 19.3 34.0 47.5 26.0 7.8 3.9 39.7 32.4 22.2 17.7 4.0 3.3 5.0 2.9 7.3 20.8 17.0 16.5 13.8 27.1 21.7 16.4 14.3 26.7 21.0 46.5 10.5 36.0 30.2 3.8 2.8 5.4 2.1 5.7 5.8 7.3 4.4 7.8 .3 7.5 1.2 6.3 5.1 1.2 7.3 .3 7.0 1.1 5.9 5.1 .8 7.7 .2 7.5 1.1 6.4 5.5 .8 6.6 .3 6.3 1.2 5.1 4.5 .7 9.1 .3 8.9 1.0 7.9 6.7 1.1 4.6 .7 4.0 .7 3.2 2.7 .6 3.7 .1 3.3 .6 2.8 2.3 .5 4.5 .3 4.1 .6 3.5 2.8 .7 9.1 .3 8.8 .3 4.0 3.0 5.4 3.1 3.5 5.4 8.4 6.4 .2 .6 (1) 3.0 .1 .2 .1 3.8 .7 .1 2.9 .5 2.4 .2 5.2 1.0 4.2 .1 3.C .5 2.5 .5 3.0 .8 2.2 .4 5.0 1.4 3.6 .4 8.0 1.1 6.9 .4 6.0 1.0 5.0 .6 — .2 .1 2.3 .1 3.8 .4 2.5 .1 1.9 .3 3.4 .2 6.0 1.0 4.5 .5 10.1 2.3 7,8 7,2 .6 .8 Black and other 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 3.1 .1 3.0 .4 2.7 2.4 .2 Females, 16 years and over .8 Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Excludes private households. 178 .8 3.1 2.9 .2 .7 8.2 6.8 1.4 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) 1978 1978 Percent of total Percent of total Total Black and other employed Total, 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Agricultural production Agricultural services, except horticultural Horticultural services Forestry Fisheries Mining Metal mining Coal mining Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel Construction General building contractors General contractors, except building Special trade contractors Not specified construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products, except furniture Logging Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work Miscellaneous wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Glass and glass products Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills Other primary iron and steel industries Primary aluminum industries Other primary nonferrous industries Fabricated metal products Cutlery, hand tools and other hardware Fabricated structural metal products Screw machine products Metal stamping Miscellaneous fabricated metal products. Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines Farm machinery and equipment Construction and material handling machines Metalworking machinery Office and accounting machines Electronic computing equipment Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Household appliances Radio, T.V., and communication equipment Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment Aircraft and parts Ship and boat building and repairing Mobile dwellings and campers Professional and photographic equipment, and watches Scientific and controlling instruments Optical and health services supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Ordnance Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Nondurable goods industries . . . . ? Food and kindred products Meat products Dairy products Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafood Grain-mill products Bakery products Confectionery and related products Beverage industries Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred products See footnotes at end of table. Total 94,373 41.2 11.2 3,501 2,850 245 247 87 73 19.6 18.9 40.8 8.5 21.8 8.2 9.2 9.0 8.2 12.6 5.7 13.7 3.9 2.2 1.8 4.2 8.6 828 93 226 381 128 6,043 1,762 1,106 2,858 316 6.8 6.0 7.1 7.0 9.8 ,497 ,821 724 165 428 130 554 679 223 240 147 ,220 467 340 188 224 ,444 158 531 100 177 476 ,485 117 174 391 356 121 333 991 ,144 177 553 ,409 ,230 ,247 560 265 78 560 160 231 137 190 591 ,676 ,874 423 211 271 142 273 94 255 30.5 24.2 12.0 3.0 12.1 23.1 31.0 20.5 32.3 7.9 21.1 11.5 7.7 10.6 14.9 18.3 20.7 32.9 14.7 26.0 203 25.1 16.3 26.4 31.2 17.8 41.5 37.9 39.1 42.9 15.1 15.9 16.6 8.7 15.4 42.5 40.6 51.5 26.3 24.2 48.4 39.8 28.8 30.7 15.2 46.9 24.6 26.4 55.3 15.3 7.4 10.4 7.2 11.4 and other Nondurable goods industries—Continued Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Knitting mills Yarn, thread, and fabric mills Miscellaneous textile mill products Apparel and other fabricated textile products Apparel and accessories Miscellaneous fabricated textile products Paper and allied products Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills Miscellaneous paper and pulp products Paperboard containers and boxes Printing, publishing, and allied industries Newspaper publishing and printing Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers Chemicals and allied products Industrial chemicals Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers Synthetic fibers Drugs and medicines Soaps and cosmetics Paints, varnishes, and related products Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous qhemicals Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Rubber products Miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products Footwear, except rubber Leather products, except footwear 11.2 10.7 17.4 27.9 13.3 17.7 9.9 13.0 14.8 13.3 8.8 14.2 13.1 17.4 9.0 Transportation, communications, and other public utilities . 16.5 Transportation 9.4 Railroads and railway express service 8.9 Street railways and bus lines 8.9 Taxicab service 7.0 Trucking service 8.5 Warehousing and storage 10.9 Water transportation 6.2 Air transportation 4.3 Services incidental to transportation 8.0 Communications 6.1 Radio broadcasting and television 3.4 Telephone (wire and radio) 8.3 Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services . 8.7 Utilities and sanitary services 6.0 Electric light and power 9.9 Electric-gas utilities 7.9 Gas and steam supply systems 11.0 Water supply 9.7 Sanitary services 13.7 15.1 Wholesale and retail trade 7.7 Wholesale trade 22.6 Motor vehicles and equipment 2.6 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products . 7.1 Dry goods and apparel 5.6 Food and related products 6.9 Farm products—raw materials 8.0 Electrical goods 7.4 Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies 10.7 Machinery equipment anil supplies 12.0 Metals and minerals, n.e.c 13.1 Petroleum products 16.3 Scrap and waste materials 7.1 Alcoholic beverages 14.0 Paper and its products 9.2 Lumber and construction materials 11.7 Wholesalers, n.e.c 20.2 Retail trade 11.4 Lumber and building material retailing 14.3 Black employed Hardware and farm equipment stores Department and mail order establishments 73 871 196 514 60 1,285 1,128 157 705 291 209 205 1,429 469 31.5 47.0 64.3 44.6 38.3 77.4 79.6 61.8 22.8 12.0 34.4 26.8 39.0 37.7 960 1,189 434 87 80 185 143 75 68 116 242 209 708 328 379 283 189 68 39. 24. 14. 17. 26. 38. 42.0 20.0 6,162 3,548 582 506 121 1,343 159 177 468 177 1,311 185 1,065 60 1,303 510 171 170 165 244 23.4 19,253 3,616 267 194 91 557 122 224 157 770 107 169 110 108 105 149 479 15,636 461 297 2,030 17.4 26.2 45.1 62.5 69.8 58.8 30.1 17.8 14.6 12.0 12.7 6.6 4.9 7.5 11.2 9.7 9.2 12.5 10.8 11.2 14.7 20.6 10.3 10.3 9.6 8.2 7.9 8.4 9.2 7.4. 5.9 24 11.9 28.4 58.8 44.8 29.2 48.3 33.3 14. 14.5 17.0 21.2 17.6 4.9 12.3 12.7 10.5 21.7 28.9 9.5 12.6 17.5 12.0 5.1 11.2 10.8 11.5 8.3 12.2 9.6 8.8 8.2 10.9 25.0 45.5 24.9 21.3 26.8 40.7 22.4 22.1 28. 24.2 24.7 21.5 21.3 10.9 17.6^ 24.8 18.8 34.2 50.3 21.5 29.3 68.4 8.1 7.2 6.4 6.2 8.8 10.8 4.9 6.3 6.4 4.9 6.5 6.5 13.6 8.3 4.8 7.4 7.9 8.4 7.2 3.7 9.8 179 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race-Continued (Numbers in thousands) 1978 1978 Percent of total Percent of total Industries Wholesale and retail trade—Continued Retail trade—Continued 218 2,055 62 140 168 953 294 622 126 674 132 463 293 4,015 473 138 158 133 102 148 883 11.2 7.4 12.3 1.9 6.0 3.9 4.1 6.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate Banking Credit agencies Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies Insurance Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices . . . 5,406 1,442 441 55.6 70.9 65.1 9.0 10.3 7.0 270 1,776 1,478 36.3 53.8 43.3 5.6 9.1 8.6 Service industries Business and repair services Advertising Services to dwellings and other buildings Commercial research, development, and testing labs . • Employment and temporary help agencies Business management and consulting services Computer programming services Detective and protective services Business services, n.e.c 31,682 3,490 173 348 157 188 268 156 213 623 56.6 30.7 39.3 34.5 25.5 70.7 51.5 40.4 13.1 50.7 14.1 10.3 3.5 23.0 7.6 16.0 6.0 7.7 Vending machine operators Direct selling establishments Miscellaneous general merchandise stores Grocery stores Dairy products stores Retail bakeries Food stores, n.e.c Motor vehicle dealers Tire, battery, and accessory dealers Gasoline service stations Miscellaneous vehicle dealers Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores . Eating and drinking places Drug stores Liquor stores Farm and garden supply stores Jewelry stores Fuel and ice dealers Retail florists Miscellaneous retail stores 160 76 350 8,1 6.6 5.1 6.9 8.7 9.7 5.0 9.5 5,8 5.4 6.3 5.3 5.6 NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of industries which connnot be more specifically identified. 180 Black and other Service industries—Continued 76.9 39,5 78,3 71.1 42.8 62.9 65.7 48.2 15.8 16.0 12.5 19.8 76.6 45.5 32.8 28.0 60.7 59.8 29.0 25.9 57.9 19.6 66.2 57.4 Limited price variety stores Total employed Business and repair services—Continued Automobile services, except repair Automobile repair and related services Electrical repair shops Miscellaneous repair services Personal services Private households Hotels and motels Lodging places, except hotels and motels Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services Beauty shops Barber shops Dressmaking shops Miscellaneous personal services Entertainment and recreation services Theaters and motion pictures Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services . Professional and related services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Hospitals Convalescent institutions Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c Health services, n.e.c Legal services Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities Libraries Educational services, n.e.c Museums, art galleries, and zoos Religious organizations Welfare services Residential welfare facilities Nonprofit membership organizations Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services Miscellaneous professional and related services Public administration Postal service Federal public administration . State public administration . . . Local public administration . . 200 672 137 353 3,826 1,396 693 382 363 553 122 41 252 1,018 324 82 612 18,327 753 360 3,781 1,009 83 687 650 5,180 1,996 167 ^77 67 618 788 119 464 469 445 370 23.0 8.3 12,4 13.0 74.4 87.2 61.2 30.9 63.6 89.0 12.3 97.6 45.2 37.3 32.1 40.2 39.7 65.1 67.2 67.2 75.8 88.1 57.8 68.9 48.5 70.6 49.1 81.4 67.1 47.8 42.4 70.9 60.5 53.0 18.8 44.9 42.4 15.0 9.4 2.9 6.5 21.5 31.1 22.1 9.4 26.4 9,2 13.9 7.3 9.9 8.2 6.8 6.1 9.2 13.3 4.8 3.3 19.4 19,2 5,020 700 1,601 882 1,838 33.6 22.6 36.7 39.0 32.6 15.5 20.0 17.4 11.6 14.0 15.1 2.6 13.2 11.4 11.4 10.1 9.0 8.4 23.5 20.2 11.6 5.1 3.6 5.4 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES 31. Employed parson* with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex [In piouMndi] Nonagricultural industries All Wage and salary workers1 Reason not working Total Paid absences? 1977 1978 1977 1977 1978 Unpaid absences? 1978 1977 1978 Total, 16 years and over Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute All other reasons 5,450 2,913 1,410 236 119 772 5,493 2,942 1,418 236 99 799 5,303 2,874 1,374 199 119 737 5,338 2,904 1,383 190 98 763 2,6 55 1,942 545 2,654 1,934 548 2,143 769 702 2,152 778 714 168 172 672 661 Males, 16 years and over Vacation Illness . . All other reasons3 2,987 1,530 826 631 2,991 1,529 811 652 2,856 1,497 796 564 2,856 1,497 780 580 1,611 1,168 350 93 1,578 1,146 336 96 945 235 369 341 968 247 372 349 Females, 16 years and over Vacation . . Illness All other reasons3 2,463 1,383 584 495 2,502 1,413 608 481 2,447 1,378 578 491 2,482 1,407 604 471 1,045 775 195 75 1,075 788 212 76 1,199 535 334 331 1 , 184 531 342 311 1 Excludes private household. . 2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are included in all reasons. Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately. 32. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 1978 Thousand! of pet sows Hours of work All industries Nonegri•mural .Mfttstries Percent distribution Agriculture All industries Nonagricultural industries 100,0 Agriculture 88,860 85,693 3,187 100.0 100-0 1-34 hours 1-4 hours 5-14 hours 15-29 hours 30-34 hours 21,441 792 4,065 10,541 6,043 20,483 739 3,829 10,063 5,852 958 53 236 478 191 24. 1 .9 4.6 11.9 6.6 23.9 .9 4.5 11.7 6.8 30.1 1.7 7.4 15.0 6.0 35 hours and over 35-39 hours 40 hours 41 hours and over 41 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 60 hours and over 67,439 6,301 36,725 24,413 9,660 8,206 6,547 65,210 6,156 36,230 22,824 9,411 7,813 5,600 2,229 145 495 1,589 249 393 947 75.9 7.1 41.3 27.5 10.9 9. 2 7.4 76. 1 7.2 42.3 26.6 11.0 9.1 6.5 69.9 4.5 15.5 49.9 7.8 12.3 29.7 39.0 38.7 45.3 43.2 42.9 53.5 Total, 16 yean and over . Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on runtime ichedules 181 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 33. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working lacs than 35 hours [Numb«ri in thousands] 1978 Nonagricultural industries Reason for working less than 35 hours Usually wo* full time Total, 16 years and over 21 # 441 Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 6,918 14,523 20,483 6,583 13,901 3 ,428 ' Economic reasons Slack work . Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only part-time work Usually work part time 1,3?0 947 85 238 100 2,058 552 3,216 1,348 83 229 96 1,460 1,149 641 63 229 96 1,967 507 5,333 1,434 1,275 485 i n qo 85 238 too 18 ,013 10 ,430 5.548 884 884 1,697 902 27 559 Usually work full time 1,506 Usually part time 1,460 1,479 1,311 540 17,267 10,014 870 1,829 776 27 557 1,275 1,919 21.4 21.0 23.7 26.3 19. 9 18.6 21.5 21.0 23.9 26.4 20.0 18.6 978 5 ,065 . 547 2,990 43 1 2,075 930 4,922 514 2,920 416 2,002 1,881 902 27 559 1 ,311 2 ,019 Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 12,465 10,430 184 870 1,669 776 27 557 11,934 10,014 160 34. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-tim« status [Numbers in thousands] 1978 Full- or part-time status Average hours, total at work On full-time schedules On part-tim* for economic Total, 16 years and over1 On voluntary part time 41 to 48 hours hours, workers on full-time or more 85,693 3,216 11,934 70,543 47,719 9,411 13,413 38.7 42.9 79,381 2,910 10,799 65,672 45,630 8,861 1 1,181 38.4 42.4 4,658 259 228 4,171 3,060 452 659 39.1 41.3 Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods 19,932 11,869 8,063 4 96 175 320 640 26 3 377 .18,796 11,431 7,366 12,746 7,637 5,111 3,135 1,979 1,156 2,915 1,815 1,099 41.2 41.8 40.4 42.4 42.6 42.2 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,515 16,506 4,754 144 876 78 360 4,067 473 5,011 11,563 4,203 3,413 7,214 3,128 633 1,897 472 965 2,452 603 41.2 36.4 38.8 43.4 43.5 41.4 Service industries . . . . , Private households All other industries Public administration 22,527 1,296 21,231 4,759 981 192 789 66 4,778 699 4,079 242 16,768 405 16,363 4,451 12,212 287 11,925 3,449 1,715 39 1,676 445 2,841 79 2,762 557 36.0 22.7 36.8 40.0 42.1 43.2 42.1 41.5 5,839 472 291 16 948 187 4,600 269 1,955 132 517 32 2,128 105 42.4 36.8 49.1 47.7 Wage and salary workers Construction Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 182 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 36. Person* at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age. race, and marital status [Numbers in thousandsl 1978 On full-time schedules Sex, age, race, and marital status On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 85,693 12,243 7,328 2,950 4,378 78,365 12,535 65,830 38,971 24,525 2,334 3,216 970 660 265 396 2,556 656 1,900 1 , 138 665 98 11,934 4,179 3,335 2,052 1,283 8,599 1,615 6,984 3,481 2,352 1,151 70,543 7,094 3,333 633 510 2,699 67,210 10,264 56,946 34,352 21,508 1,085 2,069 45,140 7,468 37,673 22,363 14,573 736 349 Males, 16 years and over. . 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years . . 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years . . . 25 years and over . 25 to 44 years . 45 to 64 years . 66 years and over 49,954 6,421 3,829 1,540 2,289 46,125 6,734 39,391 23,251 14,754 1,387 1,429 471 329 141 189 1,100 314 786 493 244 49 3,668 1,954 1,597 1,013 584 2,071 632 1,438 438 381 6 20 44,857 3,996 1,903 27,060 2,793 1,370 17,797 1,203 718 472 246 Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years . 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years . . . 18 to 19 years . 20 years and over 20 to 24 years . . . 25 years and over . 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years . 65 years and over . 35,738 5,822 3,499 1,409 2,089 32,240 5,801 26,439 15,721 9,771 8,265 2,225 1,737 1,C39 699 6,528 983 5,545 3,043 1,971 531 25,686 3,097 1,431 20,658 2,606 1,211 5,028 947 1,787 500 331 124 207 1,456 343 1,115 645 421 49 76,096 44,917 11,179 2,634 1,178 1,456 9,597 5,037 4,560 Males, 16 years and over: Married spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Females, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated . Single (never married) Total at work Total 40 hours or leu 41 hours 47,719 5,400 2,579 22,824 1,694 Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules TOTAL Both aexes, 16 years and ovar 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years . . . 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 years and over . 20 to 24 years . . . 25 years and over . . 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years . . . 65 years and over . . . .. .... 386 1,516 42,954 « 5,788 37,167 22,320 14, 129 303 1,067 25,691 3,799 21,895 12,787 8,636 754 123 630 22,070 2,796 19,273 11,989 6,S35 533 83 449 17,263 1,989 15,272 9,533 5,493 38.7 31.2 27.9 21.2 32.5 39.7 37.7 40.1 40.7 40.3 28.8 42.9 40.9 40.5 39.3 40.8 43.0 41.6 43.2 43.4 43. 1 42.8 41.8 33.0 29.6 22.6 34.3 42.8 39.7 43.3 44.1 43.4 30.4 44.3 42.0 41.5 40.0 41.9 44.5 42.9 44.7 44.9 44.3 42.9 40.4 39.5 3S.2 38. 1 39,4 4C.4 40.0 4C.5 40.4 4C.6 42.5 246 207 1,183 24,256 4,475 19,779 12,033 7,379 1,001 19,448 3,669 15,778 9,576 5,939 367 264 103 34.4 29.2 26.1 19.6 30.5 35.3 35.4 35.3 35.6 35.7 26.4 10,862 3,316 7,546 62,600 40,423 22,177 41,292 23,695 17,596 21,308 16,728 4,581 38.9 42. 1 34.3 43.1 44.6 40.5 583 251 332 1,071 352 719 7,943 4,434 3,509 6,427 3,364 3,063 1,516 1,070 37.2 39.2 35.0 4C.9 41.9 39.7 34,759 3,790 11,405 598 140 690 1,130 185 2,354 33,031 3,465 8,361 19,063 2, 153 5,844 13,968 1,312 2,517 43.6 42. 1 36. 1 44.8 44.2 42.4 19,843 6,790 9,105 84 6 351 591 4,770 1,018 2,477 14,227 5,421 6,037 11,564 4, 192 4,901 2,663 1,229 1, 136 34.4 36.7 32.7 40.2 40.9 4C.2 491 220 39 182 4,808 806 4,001 2,457 1,440 RACE White, 16 years and over . Males Females Bleefc and other. 16 years and over Males . . . »emaies . 446 MARITAL STATUt 183 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVEAGES 36. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and i « x (Number in thousands) 1978 On full-time schedules Occupational group and sex Total Ht work On pail time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules 86,209 3,254 12,037 70,918 47,935 9,455 13,528 38.7 39.7 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . . Sales workers Clerical workers 44,519 13,195 9,609 5,639 16,076 1,011 250 89 212 459 6,194 1,487 389 1,415 2,904 37,314 11,458 9,131 4,012 12,713 24,714 7,489 4,287 2,375 10,564 4,521 1,379 1,313 546 1,282 8,079 2,590 3,531 1,091 867 39.4 40.1 46.1 36.7 35.8 43.3 43.4 47.4 44.1 40.0 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 29,569 11,631 10,169 3,304 4,465 1,334 368 473 141 351 2,024 4 10 581 282 751 26,211 10,853 9,115 2,881 3,363 17,661 7,C34 6,525 1,553 2,550 4,124 1,742 1,500 463 420, 4,426 2,077 1,090 865 393 40.0 41.5 39.6 42.4 35.4 42.6 43.0 41.7 45.8 41.1 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 12,121 1,101 11,020 909 149 761 3,819 594 3 # 225 7,393 358 7,034 5,560 256 5,302 810 32 779 1,023 70 953 32.8 23.4 33.8 42.0 43.1 42.0 Males, 16 years and over Total, 16 years and over 50,322 1,456 3,718 45, 148 27,218 6,706 11,224 41.7 41.4 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 21,550 7,710 7,394 3,157 3,289 278 104 52 54 67 1,326 447 165 357 357 19,946 7,159 7,177 2,746 2,865 10,762 4,255 3,050 1,411 2,047 2,739 875 1,037 407 421 6,445 2,029 3,090 928 397 43.8 43.1 47.5 42.0 3S.0 45.8 44.9 48.4 45.6 42.0 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 24,199 10,978 6,154 3,072 3,995 966 345 188 121 313 1,429 309 300 174 646 21,804 10,324 5,666 2,777 3,036 14,122 6,646 3,702 1,478 2,294 3,539 1,660 1,051 450 378 4,143 2,018 913 849 36 4 40.8 41.7 41.2 43.4 35.6 43. 1 43.1 42.9 45.9 41.1 4,573 26 4,547 212 5 208 963 13 950 3,398 8 3,389 2,334 6 2,326 428 428 636 2 635 37.1 21.3 37.2 43.6 44. 1 43.6 35,886 1,798 8,319 25,769 20,716 2,749 2,304 34.4 36.6 22,969 5,485 2,215 2,482 12,787 733 145 37 158 393 4,868 1,040 224 1,057 2,547 17,368 4,300 1,954 1,267 9,847 13,952 3,235 8,516 1,782 505 277 139 861 1,634 560 440 162 470 35.3 36.0 41.2 30.0 34.9 40.4 41.0 44.0 40.8 39.4 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 5,370 654 4,015 231 470 368 23 286 20 38 595 100 281 108 106 4,407 531 3,448 103 326 3,539 390 2,821 74 255 585 82 449 12 42 283 59 178 17 29 36.7 37.3 37.3 29.4 34.1 40. 1 41.2 39.8 42.2 40.8 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 7,547 1,075 6,472 697 145 552 2,856 581 2,276 3,994 349 3,644 3,225 250 2,975 382 31 351 387 68 318 30.2 23.4 31.3 40.6 43.1 40.4 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Females, 16 years and over White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 184 1,237 966 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 37. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race [Numbers in thousands! 1978 Black and other White Total Employment status Both sexes Females Males Both sexes Males Females Males Both sexes 1,315 Females 8,152 4,150 4,C01 6,837 3,489 3,347 661 654 Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 1,750 1,48C 191 1,288 271 15.5 963 802 151 651 161 16.7 788 678 40 637 110 14.0 1,590 1,387 177 1,210 2C3 12.8 867 742 141 601 125 14.4 723 644 36 608 79 10.9 160 S3 14 79 67 41.9 96 60 10 50 36 37.5 65 33 4 29 31 47.7 Not in labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work All other reasons 6,401 117 5,127 9 1 , 148 3,188 12 2,598 5 573 3,214 106 2,528 4 575 5,247 93 4,190 8 956 2,622 1 G 2,135 5 472 2,622 83 2,055 3 484 1,155 25 937 1 192 565 2 463 589 23 473 1 91 Civilian noninstitutional population 38. 100 Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation 1978 Characteristics Percent distribution Thousands of persons Both sexes Males Females 1,480 8 02 678 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,288 1,179 477 77 625 96 13 191 119 24 46 651 571 119 44 409 72 8 151 90 21 41 637 608 358 33 217 24 5 40 29 4 8 87.1 79.7 32.3 81.0 71.0 14.8 5. 1 94.0 89.7 52.6 4.9 32.0 3.5 .7 5.9 4.3 .6 1.2 1,480 802 Both sexes Males Females CLASS OF WORKER Total Nonagricultural industries Wage and ilary workers Private household workers Government workers Other wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Agriculture Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 5.2 5.5 42.3 50.9 6.5 .9 9.0 1.0 12.9 18.8 11.2 8.0 1.6 3.2 2.6 OCCUPATION 678 100.0 100.0 100.0 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 316 12 2 23 1 70 207 6 1 175 25 109 7 1 56 45 21.4 25.8 .7 4.7 21.8 3. 1 16. 1 1.0 . 1 8.3 6.6 Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 30 7 20 44 7 236 274 18 34 7 215 33 2 10 20.6 34.2 1.4 3.0 .5 2.2 4.2 .9 21 16.0 26.6 4.9 .3 1.5 — 3. 1 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 692 388 30 4 192 33 159 500 355 145 46.8 26. 2 20.6 23.9 4. 1 19.8 73.7 52.4 21.4 Farrn workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors 165 8 157 129 5 124 136 3 33 11.2 16. 1 20.1 .4 4.9 Total — .8 .1 15.6 .1 .5 .6 10.6 15.5 185 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 39. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex I In thousands] Age in years Total 16-19 Reasons for not seeking work 60 and over 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 59,025 53,340 58,521 53,193 7,218 5,674 6,907 5,531 4,626 3,747 4,490 3,691 22,910 20,248 22,399 19,840 24,270 23,672 24,725 24,132 6,203 4,547 30,230 8,966 3,394 6,143 4,332 29,517 9,366 3,635 4,212 41 4,107 48 1,438 122 591 563 1,812 1,431 114 1,732 1 413 535 2,209 15,651 195 1,658 596 2,187 15,044 207 1,806 18 2,177 12,176 8,769 532 11 2,183 12,177 9,158 603 830 813 375 TOTAL Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Job-market factors Personal factors Other reasons1 5,671c 5,328 799 1,544c 1,534 753 1,253 1,010 693 316 1,121c 1,374 720 1,226 845 570 275 1,163 1,085 21 101 158 107 52 180c 1,377 963 27 76 133 96 37 178 2,658c 2,559 588c 594 249 52 215 117 93 26 166 173 511 878 500 385 115 595c 158 465 895 416 310 104 625 3 174 38 214 93 122 159c 3 177 41 180 74 106 193 881c 274 46 236 137 109 27 187c Males 16,514 Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other 3,182 3,093 1,319 1,309 3,059 3,105 8,954 9,127 14,948 2,466 2,441 1,040 1,055 2,580 2,598 8,684 8,857 3,077 2,520 264 7,076 1,832 Do not want a job now 16,634 14,769 Total not in labor force 3,071 2,449 270 7,247 1,911 2,019 23 15 2,013 23 12 789 60 409 393 777 64 8 1 205 268 1,265 57 176 816 282 1,228 62 179 847 2 1,173 190 6,900 419 1,135 189 7,067 466 1,744 1,686 111 651 4 187 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance . . . . Ill health, disability . . . . Think cannot get job . . . Other reasons ' 256 474 507 268 269 125 22 43 66 69 211 94 100 64 203 110 130 78 106 2 87 79 101 768 322 317 337 693 326 305 362 551 8 69 89 502 13 72 64 280 147 24 47 62 42,510 38,573 41,887 38,243 4,036 3,208 3,814 3,089 3,307 2,706 3,181 2,640 19,851 17,669 19,294 17,241 15,316 14,987 12,598 15,274 3,126 2,028 29,966 1,891 1,562 3,072 2,082 29,246 2,119 1,724 2,193 19 575 2,094 24 551 650 61 1,808 654 52 1,725 421 420 187 209 3,929 3,642 828 724 600 543 267 994 15,596 21 841 2,181 314 958 14,982 28 959 2,053 15 1,005 11,986 1,869 112 320 11 1,049 11,987 2,091 136 324 766 431 1,253 694 785 681 394 1,226 540 801 534 12 101 90 91 461 14 76 60 113 126 22 236 91 125 124 29 215 75 100 104 300 878 405 494 95 262 895 305 496 3 96 38 108 75 1 89 41 101 92 Females Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a j o b n o w Reason n o t l o o k i n g : S c h o o l attendance . . . . Ill h e a l t h , d i s a b i l i t y . . . . H o m e responsibilities . . T h i n k c a n n o t get j o b . . . O t h e r reasons 1 Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." NOTE: Detail in tables 39, 4 0 , and 42 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences in weighting patterns used in aggregating these data. 186 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 40. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Age in years Reasons for not seeking work 1978 1977 1978 51,488 51,124 9,450 9,088 47,178 47,085 7,704 7,544 4,988 3,687 27,513 8,164 2,826 4,981 3,696 26,882 8,518 3,008 4,545 128 2,067 4,484 121 1,978 964 4,309 4,037 1,748 1,140 565 970 716 918 1,012 519 947 589 970 1,020 55 214 185 274 1977 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 20,062 19,620 21,976 22,417 18,004 17,622 21,471 21,919 961 426 1,760 14,259 185 1,374 489 1,764 13,665 196 1,508 15 1,799 11,189 7,980 488 1,546 2,060 2,000 890 52 190 144 270 118 372 727 348 495 119 335 720 293 533 1978 1977 1978 14,057 14,204 37,431 36,920 12,718 12,952 34,460 34,133 9 1,810 11,238 8,321 541 2,477 2,076 221 6,452 1,492 2,506 2,511 2,034 1,611 221 27,292 6,625 1,712 1,566 1,334 2,475 1,662 26,661 1,893 1,442 505 496 1,339 1,251 2,970 2,786 3 138 30 184 150 3 133 38 152 170 582 250 516 236 232 275 203 296 558 315 970 484 643 496 283 947 386 674 WHITE Total not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities 1 . . . . Think cannot get job Other reasons BLACK A N D OTHER 7,537 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going t o school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities 1 . . . . Think cannot get job Other reasons 1 7,397 2,395 2,309 2,848 2,779 2,294 2,308 2,458 2,430 5,079 4,967 6,160 6,107 1,715 1,679 2,248 2,214 2,200 2,210 2,050 1,997 4,110 4,110 1,213 861 2,717 802 567 Total not in labor force 1,163 835 2,634 849 626 1,104 1,056 108 107 2 36 336 39 317 420 239 267 449 1,394 12 285 1,376 13 298 377 989 789 45 371 938 838 61 599 445 43 624 339 567 415 49 622 .344 614 416 2,674 178 228 596 420 2,585 227 282 1,363 1,290 679 632 598 562 83 98 405 433 958 857 395 187 283 294 204 361 201 280 255 193 340 12 322 55 139 152 153 99 39 131 175 123 94 187 176 71 90 85 62 101 66 208 116 283 209 142 185 111 280 154 127 28 102 105 75 123 110 94 36 7 31 9 44 2 27 25 Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons." 41. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and detailed reason [In thousands] 1978 Race Age in years Detailed reason for not seeking work Total 1619 20-24 2559 Black and 60 and over White other TOTAL Personal factors: Employers think t o o young or old Lacks education or training Other personal handicap Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 142 18 1 84 49 16 3 14 11 24 50 30 98 4 4 124 68 31 18 16 17 335 235 69 27 62 31 176 134 29 45 184 183 152 52 Males Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training Other personal handicap Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 64 9 1 10 45 50 14 20 22 9 1 4 6 6 15 14 2 2 6 8 119 79 36 16 49 32 14 66 13 17 59 78 64 26 9 5 2 1 11 5 14 45 18 53 3 2 74 53 17 4 10 216 33 41 127 15 118 156 10 18 100 27 124 99 32 20 14 53 20 Females Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training Other personal handicap Job-market factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available 9 187 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 42. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex [Numbers in thousands] Age in years Most recent work experience and To1 al reason for leaving job 1978 1977 1978 59,025 9,477 28,299 11,312 9,921 100.0 43.1 8.3 8.2 20.7 8.7 6.0 6.0 18.8 58,521 9,232 28,538 10,803 9,946 100.0 44.7 7.9 7.9 19.9 8.7 5.1 6.2 19. 5 11,844 4,820 299 1,880 4,845 100.0 60.0 1.8 18.9 9.3 4.5 5.1 19.3 11,397 4,601 304 1,660 4,831 100.0 60.2 2.2 __ 17.4 8.9 3.6 4.9 20.1 16,514 2,065 6, 938 3,726 3,782 100.0 38.2 10.4 14.2 19.0 9.4 5. 2 4.4 18.2 16,634 2,041 7,201 3,688 3,703 100.0 39.1 10.4 13.6 18.9 9.3 4. 8 4.8 18.0 4,501 1,816 41 423 2,222 100.0 58.0 1. 8 4,402 1,784 51 388 2,178 100.0 59.0 2. 5 20.1 10.7 4^7 4.7 20.2 18.6 10. 2 3^8 4.6 19.9 42,510 7,413 21,361 7,587 6,138 100.0 47.7 7. 0 4.4 21.7 8.2 6.5 7.0 19.1 41,887 7,191 21,337 7,115 6,243 100.0 48.0 6.4 4.6 20.6 8.3 5.2 7.0 20.4 7,343 3,005 258 1,457 2,624 100.0 61.6 1.9 6,995 2, 818 253 1,271 2,652 100.0 61.3 2.0 17.9 8.0 4.4 5.4 18.6 16.4 7.9 3.5 5.1 20.4 1977 Total, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago . . Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason School, home responsibilities Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work . End of temporary job All other reasons Males not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason School home responsibilities III health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job Ail other reasons Females, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Left job during previous 12 months Percent distribution by reason School, home responsibilities Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons Blac k and ot her White 2559 16-24 60 and over 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 24,270 2,435 16,485 3,914 1,424 100.0 5.5 16.1 48.5 19.1 8.2 4.8 6.0 10. 8 24,725 2,490 16,912 3,900 1,423 100.0 6.3 16.3 46.6 20.8 8.3 5.1 7.4 10.0 51,488 7,643 25,309 9,930 8,604 100.0 45.2 7.6 8.7 20.1 8.3 5.8 6.0 18.4 51,124 7,382 25,556 9,519 8,666 100.0 45.8 7.5 8.5 19.1 8.1 4.8 6.2 19.1 7,537 1,834 2,990 1,383 1,317 100.0 36.9 12.7 4.7 24.7 11.2 7.1 6.3 21.0 7,397 1,850 2,982 1,284 1,280 100.0 37.7 10.5 4.1 25.4 12.3 6.7 6.5 22.3 3,105 221 1,119 1,046 718 100.0 19. 9 26.7 9.5 19.8 7.4 7.9 4.5 24.0 8,954 42 5,832 2,268 812 100.0 2.3 15.6 56.3 17.6 9.3 4.1 4.2 8.2 9,127 37 6,032 2,253 806 100.0 17'. 1 53.3 18.9 8. 5 4. 3 5.5 7. 3 14,057 1,488 6,049 3,266 3,253 100.0 38. 9 9.9 15.1 18.5 9.4 4.9 4.2 17.6 14,204 1,478 6,309 3,224 3,192 100.0 39.9 10.3 14.9 17.4 8.3 4.4 4.7 17.5 2,458 577 889 460 529 100.0 33.5 13.6 8.5 22.5 10.0 6.8 5.7 21.9 2,430 563 892 464 511 100.0 34.3 10.8 5.3 28.0 15.1 7.3 5.7 21.6 19,851 19,294 2,016 1,920 10,451 10,204 4,483 4,195 2,901 2,974 100.0 100.0 43.1 43.8 9.6 8.5 2.0 1.3 25.4 23.7 8.7 8.7 6.7 8.5 8.3 8.2 20.6 22.0 15,316 2,3 93 10,653 1,646 613 100.0 9.8 16.9 38.3 21.0 6.8 5.9 8.5 14.0 15,598 2,45 3 10,880 1,648 617 100.0 11.5 15.3 37.2 23.2 8.1 5.4 9.7 12.8 37,431 6,155 19,260 6,664 5,351 100.0 48.9 6.3 4.8 21.1 7.6 6.4 7.1 18.9 36,920 5,904 19,247 6,295 5,474 100.0 49.2 5.9 4.7 20.1 8.0 5.0 7.1 20.1 5,079 1,257 2,101 923 788 100.0 39.2 12.1 2.2 26.1 12.1 7.4 6.7 20.4 4,967 1,287 2,090 820 769 1978 1977 22,910 22,399 2,222 2,140 11,516 11,324 5,519 5,241 3,651 3,692 100.0 100.0 38.0 39.2 13.8 12.1 3.4 3.2 23.8 23.0 8.1 8.5 8.4 7.0 7.3 7.5 21.2 22. 3 3,059 208 1,064 1,035 749 100.0 18. 4 30.2 10.5 17.7 5.9 8.0 3.7 23.2 j - 100.0 39.9 10.3 3.4 23.7 10.4 6.2 7.0 22.8 43. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Age in years Black and other Work-seeking intentions and work history 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 49,260 9,750 1,776 1,159 2,099 4,716 49,239 9,280 1,631 1,155 1,896 4,599 6,314 5,531 1,638 59 758 3,075 6,238 5,159 1,501 48 598 3,011 19,278 3,628 126 961 1,129 1,412 18,871 3,527 121 965 1,082 1,360 23,668 592 11 138 213 229 24,131 593 8 142 217 227 43,623 7,863 1,285 948 1,637 3,992 43,617 7,505 1,172 945 1,467 3,922 5,637 1,887 490 211 463 724 I 5,622 | 1,775 458 210 429 677 13,068 3,443 706 137 572 2,028 13,335 3,298 686 153 512 1,947 2,018 2,481 685 12 238 1,547 2,041 2,361 663 14 198 1,485 2,401 655 18 75 218 346 2,466 63 8 22 87 194 335 ,647 307 3 51 116 136 ,827 300 11,247 2,809 511 98 456 1,743 11,547 2,656 495 113 402 1,647 1,821 634 195 39 116 285 1,788 642 191 41 110 300 36,193 6,307 1,069 1,022 1,527 2,688 35,904 5,982 945 1,001 1,384 2,652 4,294 3,048 954 47 521 1,527 4,195 2,799 839 34 400 1,526 16,877 2,973 108 887 912 1,067 16,403 15,021 285 15,304 293 32,376 5,054 774 850 1,181 2,249 32,070 4,849 677 832 1,065 2,275 3,816 1,253 295 172 347 439 3,834 1,133 267 169 319 377 Total Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next 12 months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months Males Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next 12 months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months 53 120 128 Females Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next 12 months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked 1 to 5 years ago Worked during previous 12 months 188 1,025 97 100 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] Black 1 White Total 2 Hispanic origin Employment status 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 156,426 158,941 137,595 139,580 16,314 16,641 7,122 7,639 97,401 62.3 90,546 3,244 87,302 6,855 100,420 63.2 94,373 3,342 91,031 6,047 86,107 62.6 80,734 2,993 77,741 5,373 88,456 63.4 83,836 3,034 80,802 4,620 9,738 59.7 8,384 10,211 61.4 8,925 4,379 61.5 3,938 4,801 62.8 4,366 7.0 6.0 6.2 5.2 59,025 58,521 51,488 65,796 67,006 52,464 79.7 49,737 2,308 47,429 2,727 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Non'agricultural industries Not in labor force 244 215 221 3,723 4,145 441 10.1 2,743 435 9.1 51,124 8,680 1,286 12.6 6,430 2,838 58,516 59,510 6,253 6,397 2,876 3,107 53,464 79.8 51,212 2,361 48,852 2,252 46,960 80.3 43,784 2,123 42,661 2,176 47,733 80.2 45,977 2,120 43,857 1,757 4,710 75.3 4,214 4,857 75.9 4,414 2,439 84.8 2,252 2,639 84.9 2,473 5.2 4.2 4.6 3.7 13,332 Unemployment Unemployment rate 212 8,172 1,355 13.9 6,576 13,541 11,556 11,777 10.5 1,543 74,160 75,489 65,104 66,146 35,685 48.1 33,199 37,416 49.6 35,180 30,853 47.4 28,930 32,233 48.7 30,547 Males, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 158 197 152 167 4,056 4,217 2,100 2,306 496 442 9.1 1,541 187 7.7 437 166 6.3 468 7,832 8,022 3,248 3,486 4,188 53.5 3,675 4,447 55.4 3,953 1,460 45.0 1,315 1,643 47.1 1,481 Females, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture 537 Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate 586 495 545 33 28 34 31 32,662 2,486 34,593 2,236 28,436 1,922 30,002 1,686 3,642 3,926 1,281 1,450 513 493 145 9.9 162 9.8 7,0 6.0 6.2 5.2 38,474 Not in labor force 38,073 34,251 33,913 12.2 3,644 11.1 3,575 1,788 1,843 16,470 16,447 13,975 13,924 2,230 2,221 998 1,046 9,252 56.2 7,610 9,540 58.0 7,981 8,295 59.4 7,020 8,490 61.0 7,312 841 907 481 519 37.7 40.8 48.2 49.6 399 395 375 369 7,211 1,642 17.7 7,218 7,586 1,559 16.3 6,907 6,644 1,275 15.4 5,680 6,943 1,178 13.9 5,435 495 21 474 346 557 20 537 351 371 30 341 110 412 23 389 107 38.6 1,314 22.8 20.6 518 527 Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 41.1 1,389 1 1 Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. * Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white. NOTE: Data for 1977 for total Hispanic origir are not strictly comparable with those published earlier. These estimates incorporate the expanded sample and revised estimation procedures introduced in the national sample in January 1978. 189 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 45. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age [Numbers in thousands! Total Hispanic origin1 Mexicc n origin Puerto Rican origin Cuban origin Employment status 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 TOTAL Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate . Not in labor force 7,122 7,639 4,060 4,471 1,034 1,085 557 569 4,379 61.5 3,938 215 3,723 441 10.1 2,743 4,801 62.8 4,366 221 4,145 435 9.1 2,838 2,597 64.0 2,335 194 2,141 262 10.1 1,463 2,924 65.4 2,665 197 2,468 259 8.9 1,547 503 48.6 4 34 7 427 69 13.6 531 550 50.7 477 7 469 73 13.2 535 357 64.1 325 3 322 31 8.8 200 377 66.3 351 5 346 26 7.0 192 2,876 Uivihan noninstitutional population 3,107 1,691 1,902 376 391 226 227 308 81.9 271 6 265 37 12.0 68 316 80.8 282 6 276 33 10.6 75 189 83.6 177 3 174 12 6.5 37 187 82.4 178 4 173 9 5.0 39 Males, 20 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 2,439 84.8 2,252 152 2,100 187 7.7 437 2,639 84.9 2,473 167 2,306 166 6.3 468 1,461 86.4 1,356 136 1,220 105 7.2 230 1,654 87.0 1,559 148 1,411 95 5.7 248 3,248 3,486 1,772 1,927 502 536 281 287 1,460 45.0 1,315 34 1,281 145 9.9 1,788 1,643 47.1 1,481 31 1,450 162 9.8 1,843 826 46.6 738 31 707 89 10.7 946 934 48.5 835 28 807 99 10.6 993 148 29.5 130 1 129 18 11.9 355 174 32.5 152 161 56.1 150 152 22 12.7 361 143 50.9 129 1 129 13 9.3 138 998 1,046 597 642 155 158 50 56 481 48.2 371 30 341 110 22.8 518 519 49.6 412 23 389 107 20.6 527 309 51.8 241 28 214 68 22.1 287 336 52.3 271 21 250 65 19.4 306 47 30.3 33 59 37.3 42 1 41 17 29.2 99 25 50.0 19 29 51.8 23 19 6 (2) 25 22 7 (2) 27 Females, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 150 10 6.5 126 Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not shown separately. 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000. 190 NOTE: See note, table 44. 33 14 29,7 108 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 46 Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousand*] Total Whit* Hispanic origin l Black and other Selected categories 1977 1978 10,537 5,599 4,938 3,938 2,475 1,463 4,366 2,707 1,659 3,462 1,156 468 256 1,583 3,687 880 1,483 508 815 2,451 212 3,817 1,233 508 300 1,776 3,920 925 1,632 527 835 2,541 258 1,252 292 222 147 591 1,839 539 825 163 312 673 174 1,412 326 256 170 660 2,039 583 926 177 353 736 179 1,187 1,540 307 186 52 13 232 67 9 198 15 1 200 19 2 71,624 12,832 58,792 907 57,885 5,645 472 74,448 12,873 61,575 932 60,643 5,908 446 9,180 2,321 6,859 468 6,391 360 21 9,805 2,415 7,390 431 6,959 397 27 3,536 554 2,982 81 2,901 166 22 3,940 594 3,346 82 3,264 189 16 65,916 2,922 11,896 68,709 2,802 12,325 8,072 608 1,132 8,687 626 1,223 3,324 213 400 3,698 220 447 1977 1978 1977 1978 90,546 53 861 36 685 94,373 55 491 38,882 80,734 48,578 32,156 83,836 49,893 33,943 9,812 5,283 4,529 45,187 13,692 9,662 5,728 16,106 30,211 11,881 10,354 3,476 4,500 12,392 2,756 47,205 14,245 10,105 5,951 16,904 31,531 12,386 10,875 3,541 4,729 12,839 2,798 41,725 12,536 9,194 5,472 14,523 26,524 11,001 8,871 2,967 3,685 9,941 2,543 43,388 13,012 9,597 5,651 15,128 27,611 11,460 9,242 3,014 3,894 10,298 2,540 1,330 1,570 343 1,419 1,607 316 1,145 1,518 330 80,805 15,153 65,651 1,376 64,275 6,005 492 84,253 15,289 68,966 1,363 67,603 6,305 472 73,987 3,530 13,028 77,396 3,428 13,549 1977 1978 CHARACTERISTICS Total 16 years and over Males Females OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm . . . Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers , Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers FULL- AND PART TIME STATUS2 Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons See footnote 2, table 44. Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories. 191 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 47. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories [In thousands] Total Hispanic Puerto Rican origin Mexican origin origin' Cuban origin Selected categories 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 3,938 2,475 1,463 4,366 2,707 1,659 2,335 1,501 834 2,665 1,710 955 434 289 145 477 304 172 325 189 136 351 193 158 1,252 292 222 147 591 1,839 539 825 163 312 673 174 1,412 326 256 170 660 2,039 583 926 177 353 736 179 636 130 115 70 321 1,153 350 477 108 218 386 160 732 150 143 80 359 1,331 390 559 120 262 441 162 139 32 18 20 69 209 50 113 17 29 80 7 163 35 23 21 84 220 47 125 22 26 87 6 138 38 25 20 55 136 38 70 11 17 49 2 149 37 27 22 63 152 46 81 8 17 47 3 198 15 1 200 19 2 181 12 1 182 14 2 3,536 554 2,982 81 2,901 166 22 3,940 594 3,346 82 3,264 189 16 2,036 352 1,684 51 1,633 93 12 2,352 380 1,972 53 1,919 106 9 413 62 351 3 348 11 3 457 73 384 2 382 12 1 299 30 269 2 267 22 1 321 28 293 1 292 24 1 3,324 213 400 3,698 220 447 1,956 144 235 2,245 152 269 389 16 30 419 20 37 287 8 30 298 11 42 CHARACTERISTICS Total, 16 years and over Males Females OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 2 1 1 FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2 Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons 1 See footnote 1, table 45. 192 See footnote 2, table 46. HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 48. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Hispanic origin Sex and age 1977 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1977 1978 90,546 94,373 80,734 7,610 3,084 4,526 12,855 70,080 56,351 7,981 3,269 4,712 13,498 72,894 58,759 7,020 2,881 4,139 11,456 62,258 49,790 13,729 Total, 16 years and over . . 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 83,836 8,384 8,925 3,938 4,366 7,312 3,033 4,279 11,977 64,547 51,774 495 167 328 1,188 6,701 5,560 557 189 368 1,295 7,072 5,870 371 131 240 670 2,897 2,583 314 412 153 259 766 ,188 833 355 14,136 12,468 12,774 1,141 1,202 55,491 48,578 49,893 4,496 4,717 2,475 2,707 223 77 145 404 1,848 1,630 219 234 90 144 472 2,001 1,755 246 Males, 16 years and over . . 53,861 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years . . . 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1 4,124 1,704 2,420 7,031 42,707 34,164 8,543 36,685 4,279 1,767 2,512 7,330 43,883 35,149 8,734 38,882 3,794 1,583 2,211 6,300 38,484 30,662 7,822 32,156 3,916 1,637 2,279 6,560 39,417 31,472 7,945 33,943 283 104 179 625 3,589 2,953 636 3,887 303 105 198 658 3,757 3,074 683 4,207 1,463 1,659 3,486 1,379 2,107 5,824 27,376 22,188 5,188 3,702 1,502 2,200 6,168 29,011 23,609 5,402 3,226 1,298 1,927 5,156 23,775 19,129 4,646 3,396 1,396 2,000 5,418 25,130 20,302 4,828 212 63 149 564 3,112 2,607 505 254 84 170 638 3,317 2,797 520 148 54 94 266 1,049 953 96 178 63 115 294 1,187 1,079 109 See footnote 2, table 44. See footnote 1, table 44. 49. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Hispanic origin 2 Sex and age 1977 Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Males, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 t o 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1 See footnote 1, table 44. 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 7.0 6.0 6.2 5.2 13.9 12.6 10.1 9.1 17.7 19.9 16.2 10.9 4.1 4.9 4.1 16 19 14 9 4 4.2 3.2 15.4 17.9 13.6 9.3 4.5 4.6 3.9 41.1 44.4 39.3 24.2 8.6 9.2 5.5 38 43 35 21 7.5 8.1 5.0 22.8 27.3 20.1 12.2 7.6 7.6 8.2 20.6 28.6 15.1 10.8 6.9 7.1 5.3 6.2 5.2 5.5 13.1 11.6 9.0 7.6 17.3 19.5 15.6 10.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 15.7 19.2 13.2 9.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 15.0 17.6 13.0 9.3 3.8 3.9 3.6 13.5 16.9 10.8 7.6 3.0 3.0 2.9 39.1 40.8 38.0 23.0 8.0 8.3 6.3 36.5 42.8 32.7 20.8 6.7 7.1 4.9 20.5 24.4 18. 12. 6, 6. 7.2 19.5 27.2 13.8 9.3 5.6 5.6 5.0 8.2 7.2 7.3 6.2 14.8 1.3.7 11.9 11.3 18.3 20.4 16.8 11.2 6.0 6.4 4.5 17.0 19.5 15.3 10.1 5.1 5.4 3.3 15.9 18.2 14.2 9.3 5.6 5.8 4.5 14.4 17.1 12.4 8.3 4.5 4.9 3.1 43.6 49.4 40.7 25.5 9.3 10.2 4.5 41.0 45.2 38.6 22.6 8.5 9.1 5.1 26.1 31.0 23.0 12.3 9.3 9.3 8.6 22.0 30.3 16.6 13.1 9.0 9.3 6.9 13.9 17.0 11.5 7.9 3.6 3.8 3.0 4.5 See footnote 2, table 44. 193 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 50. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Hispar Black and other White Total ic origin1 Weeks of unemployment 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 6,855 2,856 2,089 1,911 896 1,015 6,047 2,793 1,875 1,379 746 633 5,373 2,290 1,604 1,479 701 778 4,620 2,212 1,413 995 553 442 1,482 566 485 431 194 237 1,427 581 462 384 193 191 441 201 128 112 57 56 435 218 127 90 53 38 14.3 7.0 11.9 5.9 14.0 6.8 11.3 5.5 15.4 7.8 14.0 7.2 13.2 6.2 10.9 5.0 100.0 41.7 30.5 27.9 13.1 14.8 100.0 46.2 31.0 22.8 12.3 10.5 100.0 42.6 29.9 27.5 13.0 14.5 100.0 47.9 30.6 21.5 12.0 9.6 100.0 38.2 32.7 29.1 13.1 16.0 100.0 40.7 32.4 26.9 13.5 13.4 100.0 45.5 29.0 25.6 12.9 12.7 100.0 50.0 29.1 20.9 12.2 8.7 Duration Total 16 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 t o 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over . . . . . Average (mean) duration in weeks Median duration in weeks Percent distribution Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 t o 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 1 ... See footnote 2, table 44. 51. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] White Total Hispan ic Black and other origin' Reason for unemployment 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 6,855 3,103 853 2,249 889 1,926 938 6,047 2,514 698 1,817 851 1,814 867 5,373 2,497 738 1,759 759 1,448 669 4,620 1,972 593 1,379 1,938 1,348 591 1,482 606 116 490 130 477 268 1,427 542 105 438 142 467 276 441 222 45 177 52 104 64 435 200 42 158 56 111 67 100.0 45.2 12.4 32.8 13.0 28.1 13.7 100.0 41.5 11.5 30.0 14.1 30.0 14.3 100.0 46.4 13.7 32.7 14.1 27.0 12.5 100.0 42.6 12.8 29.8 15.4 29.2 12.8 100.0 40.9 7.8 33.1 8.8 32.2 18.1 100.0 38.0 7.3 30.7 9.9 32.7 19.4 100.0 50.2 10.2 40.0 11.8 23.5 14.5 100.0 46.1 9.7 36.4 12.9 25.6 15.4 3.2 .9 2.0 1.0 2.5 .8 1.8 .9 2.9 .9 1.7 .8 2.3 .8 1.5 .7 5.3 1.2 4.2 2.4 4.6 1.2 3.9 2.3 5.1 1.2 2.4 1.5 4.2 1.2 2.3 1.4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Total 16 years and over Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants PERCENT D I S T R I B U T I O N Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF T H E C I V I L I A N LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1 See footnote 2, table 44. 194 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 52. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age by race, and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] Black and other Hispanic origin 1 1977 1978 1977 1978 6,818 6,487 6,015 472 7.3 6,486 6,173 5,859 314 5.1 6,119 5,856 5,484 372 6.4 5,843 5,580 5,331 249 4.5 699 631 531 100 15.8 643 593 528 65 11.0 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 249 230 215 15 6.5 1,041 927 111 150 16.2 753 672 592 80 11.9 867 782 674 108 13.8 652 585 526 59 10.1 174 145 103 42 29.0 101 87 66 21 24.1 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 47 39 35 4 10.3 2,989 2,845 2,644 201 7.1 2,357 2,233 2,100 133 6.0 2,702 2,584 2,417 167 6.5 2,111 2,005 1,900 105 5.2 287 261 227 34 13.0 246 228 200 28 12.3 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 100 94 87 7 7.4 2,788 2,715 2,594 121 4.5 3,376 3,268 3,167 101 3.1 2,550 2,490 2,393 97 3.9 3,080 2,990 2,905 85 2.8 238 225 201 24 10.7 296 278 262 16 5.8 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 102 97 93 4 4.1 17,583 15,888 14,695 1,193 7.5 18,486 16,779 15,746 1,033 6.2 15,298 13,966 13,047 919 6.6 16,060 M,738 13,973 765 5.2 2,285 1,922 1,648 274 14.3 2,426 2,041 1,773 268 13.1 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1,209 1,110 1,025 85 7.7 8,156 6,950 6,254 696 10.0 8,390 7,186 6,567 619 8.6 7,136 6,162 5,626 536 8.7 7,289 6,337 5,881 456 7.2 1,020 788 628 160 20.3 1,101 849 686 163 19.2 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 532 469 427 42 9.0 5,367 5,058 4,735 323 6.4 6,096 5,771 5,491 280 4.9 4,666 4,433 4,182 251 5.7 5,324 5,082 4,870 212 4.2 701 625 553 72 11,5 772 689 621 68 9.9 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 394 375 349 26 6.9 4,060 3,880 3,706 174 + .5 4,000 3,822 3,688 134 3.5 3,496 3,371 3,239 132 3.9 3,447 3,319 3,222 97 2.9 564 509 467 42 8.3 553 503 466 37 7.4 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 283 266 249 17 6.4 1977 1978 1977 1978 VETERANS Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate . . 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate NONVETERANS Total, 20 to 34 years: Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 30 to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 1 See footnote 2, table 44. Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. N.A.=Not available. 195 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 53. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race (Numbers in thousands) Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Employment status Central cities Total Suburbs Nonfarm Farm Total 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 106,356 107,391 45,234 67,094 68,738 27,501 60.8 63.1 64.0 62,229 64,529 25,123 4,866 4,210 2,380 7.3 8.7 6.1 39,262 38,653 17,732 45,323 28,108 62.0 26,029 2,079 7.4 17,215 61,122 39,593 64.8 37,106 2,486 6.3 21,530 62,068 40,630 65.5 38,499 2,131 5.2 21,437 50,069 30,307 60.5 28,317 1,990 6.6 19,762 51,550 31,682 61.5 29,844 1,837 5.8 19,869 4,725 2,939 62.2 2,862 77 2.6 1,785 4,827 3,032 62.8 2,952 79 2.6 1,795 45,344 27,368 60.4 25,455 1,913 7.0 17,977 46,723 28,650 61.3 26,892 1,758 45,158 18,614 36,459 14,453 77.6 80.7 34,880 13,425 1,579 1,028 18,660 14,484 77.6 13,658 825 25,951 21,559 83.1 20,625 934 26,499 21,975 82.9 21,223 753 21,231 16,452 77.5 15,687 765 4,176 4,393 4,523 4,779 2,150 1,793 83.4 1,770 24 1.3 356 2,180 1,807 82.9 1,781 26 4,160 21,848 17,005 77.8 16,332 673 4.0 4,842 1.4 372 19,081 14,659 76.8 13,917 741 5.1 4,423 19,668 15,198 77.3 14,551 647 4.3 4,470 50,686 24,838 49.0 23,085 1,752 7.1 25,848 51 219 22 182 25,897 10,776 50.6 48.6 24,360 9,942 1,537 833 5.9 7.7 25,322 11,407 22 267 11,268 50.6 10,511 757 6.7 10,999 28 504 14,062 49.3 13,143 919 6.5 14,441 28 953 14,629 50.5 13,849 781 5.3 14,323 23 474 10,848 46.2 10,113 734 6.8 12,626 24 269 11,518 47.5 10,820 699 6.1 12,751 2 017 831 41.2 799 32 3.8 1,186 2 064 880 42.7 849 31 3.5 1,184 21 457 10,017 46.7 9,314 702 7.0 11,440 22 205 10,638 47.9 9,971 668 6.3 11,567 11,106 6,245 56.2 5,094 1,151 18.4 4,861 11,014 6,382 57.9 5,289 1,093 17.1 4,632 4,438 2,273 51.2 1,756 517 22.7 2,165 4,397 2,356 53.6 1,860 496 21.1 2,039 6,668 3,972 59.6 3,338 634 16.0 2,696 6,617 4,026 60.8 3,428 597 14.8 2,591 5,364 3,007 56.1 2,516 491 16.3 2,357 5,433 3,158 58.1 2,692 466 14.7 2,275 558 315 56.4 293 22 6.9 243 583 344 59.0 321 22 6.5 239 4,806 2,692 56.0 2,223 469 17.4 2,114 4,850 2,814 58.0 2,371 444 15.8 2,036 91,944 58,344 63.5 54,652 3,692 6.3 33,600 92,782 59,566 64.2 56,464 3,102 5.2 33,216 34,774 21,354 61.4 19,866 1,488 7.0 13,421 34,856 21,732 62.3 20,491 1,241 5.7 13,124 57,170 36,990 64.7 34,786 2,204 6.0 20,179 57,926 37,834 65.3 35,973 1,861 4.9 20,091 45,651 27,763 60.8 26,082 1,682 6.1 17,887 46,798 28,890 61.7 27,372 1,518 5.3 17,908 4,447 2,789 62.7 2,721 67 2.4 1,659 4,509 2,859 63.4 2,796 63 2.2 1,650 41,204 24,974 60.6 23,361 1,615 6.5 16,228 42,289 26,031 61.6 24,576 1,455 5.6 16,258 14,412 8,750 60.7 7,577 1,174 13.4 5,662 14,609 10,459 9,172 6,148 58.8 62.8 8,065 5,257 892 1,108 14.5 12.1 5,437 4,312 10,467 6,376 60.9 5,538 839 13.2 4,091 3,953 2,602 65.8 2,320 282 10.8 1,350 4,142 2,796 67.5 2,527 269 9.6 1,346 4,419 2,544 57.6 2,235 308 12.1 1,875 4,752 2,792 58.7 2,472 319 11.4 1,961 277 151 54.4 141 10 6.6 126 318 172 54.3 156 17 9.7 145 4,142 2,393 57.8 2,094 298 12.5 1,749 4,434 2,620 59.1 2,316 302 11.5 1,816 1977 1978 Total Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force . .. 6.1 18,073 Males, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 44,565 36,012 80.8 34,050 1,962 8,553 8,699 Females, 20 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor forco 196 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 54. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race (Number in thousands) Employment status Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Total United States Nonpoverty Poverty Nonpoverty areas areas Nonpoverty Poverty areas Poverty areas areas areas 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 29,087 16,049 55.2 14,575 1,474 28,976 16,285 56.2 14,873 1,412 127,338 81,352 63.9 75,970 5,382 129,965 84,135 64.7 79,500 4,635 11,530 6,111 53.0 5,293 11,155 6,060 54.3 5,313 818 747 94,826 60,983 64.3 56,935 4,047 96,236 62,678 65.1 59,216 3,463 13.4 5,419 12.3 5,095 • 6.6 5.5 656 6.6 665 6.5 6.5 5.5 33,844 33,557 7,619 7,596 12,143 12,273 5,939 3,247 54.7 2,933 5,795 3,210 55.4 2,930 86,005 55,097 64.1 51,719 3,378 86,987 56,357 64.8 53,534 2,824 14,539 8,298 57.1 7,839 14,650 8,485 57.9 8,032 5.0 453 5.3 32,148 20,405 63.5 19,340 1,066 6.1 459 5.5 31,111 19,465 62.6 18,243 1,222 1977 1978 1977 1978 17,557 9,938 56.6 9,282 17,821 10,225 57.4 9,560 32,512 20,369 62.7 19,035 1,334 33,729 21,456 63.6 20,284 1,172 Total Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate . . . . Not in labor force 9.2 8.7 6.6 5.5 13,038 12,691 45,986 45,831 20,479 11,545 56.4 10,772 20,445 11,694 57.2 10,963 774 6.7 732 6.3 117,116 74,562 63.7 69,962 4,600 119,135 76,762 64.4 72,873 3,888 6.2 5.1 314 9.7 279 8.7 6.3 5.2 8,933 8,751 42,554 42,373 2,692 2,586 30,908 30,631 6,241 6,166 11,646 11,742 8,609 4,504 52.3 3,803 8,531 4,591 53.8 3,911 10,222 6,790 66.4 6,008 10,830 7,373 68.1 6,626 5,591 2,864 51.2 2,360 5,360 2,850 53.2 2,383 8,822 5,886 66.7 5,216 9,249 6,322 68.4 5,682 3,018 1,640 54.3 1,443 3,171 1,741 54.9 1,528 1,401 64.5 1,582 1,051 66.4 700 680 782 147 504 468 670 640 15.5 4,105 196 213 14.8 3,940 11.5 3,432 10.1 3,458 17.6 2,727 16.4 2,510 11.4 2,935 10.1 2,927 12.0 1,378 12.2 1,430 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force .... Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population . . . Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 904 792 112 944 107 12.4 10.1 497 531 55. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race Total United States Poverty areas Sex, age, and race 1977 Metropolitan areas Nonpoverty areas 1978 Poverty areas Nonmetropolitan areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty Nonpoverty areas areas 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978 12.3 11.0 32.3 6.6 4.9 6.6 5.5 3.8 5.4 6.6 4.4 7.1 6.5 4.4 7.2 6.5 4.8 6.6 5.5 3.8 5.5 17.1 15.6 17.3 16.0 15.9 14.2 Total B o t h sexes, 16 years a n d over Males, 2 0 years a n d over F e m a l e s , 2 0 years a n d over B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years 8,7 6.2 8.7 6.6 4.8 6.6 5.5 3.8 5.5 22.0 16.8 15.2 13.4 11.5 11.5 32.1 6.7 5.2 6.7 6.3 4.7 6.5 6.2 4.5 6.2 5.1 3.5 5.0 9.7 8.8 8.8 8.7 6.8 8.4 6.1 4.5 6.1 5.0 3.5 4.9 5.5 3.8 5.9 5.3 3.9 5.8 6.3 4.6 6.3 5.2 3.6 5.4 15.8 .... 9,2 7.0 8.9 22.7 .... 14.6 15.3 13.8 19.0 21.4 15.4 14.0 14.7 12.3 15.0 13.2 15.5 12.4 13.6 40.2 14.8 10.8 13.4 39.3 11.5 10.1 16.4 13.2 13.6 42.9 10.1 12.0 12.2 12.4 10.1 7.3 9.0 17.6 15.1 14.1 45.4 11.4 8.4 8.4 7.1 8.1 10.3 37.3 7.3 9.1 8.0 10.5 36.8 12.7 30.7 13.2 33.4 11.5 34.7 9.6 White B o t h sexes, 16 years a n d over Males, 2 0 years a n d o v e r Females, 2 0 years a n d over B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years .... .... Black and other B o t h sexes, 1 6 years a n d over .... Males, 2 0 years a n d over F e m a l e s , 2 0 years a n d over .... B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years 33.8 34.1 6.8 8.4 32.6 197 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 56. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members (Numbers in thousands) 1977 1978 Percent of unemployed: Percent of unemployed: Family relationship With no employed person in family With at least one employed person in family With no employed person in family With at least one person in family employed full time one employed person in family With at least one person in family employed full time With at least TOTAL 6,855 Unemployed, total Unemployed, in families' Husbands" Wives Relatives in husband-wife families . . . 39.1 60.9 54.5 6,047 38.2 61.8 55.8 5,934 1,437 1,402 1,926 29.6 51.6 14.7 11.1 70, 48. 85. 88.9 63.0 37.4 79.9 84.7 5,199 1,118 1,203 1,741 71.9 50.1 87.4 90.1 65.0 39.3 82.2 85.9 80. 34. 19 65 12.1 52.8 407 730 848 28.1 49.9 12.6 9.9 81.1 34.5 18.9 65.5 13.0 54.8 413 756 921 Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 3 White Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 1 Black Unemployed, in families 1 Husbands" Wives Relatives in husband-wife families . . . Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 1 In primary families only. Includes a small number of single, separated, families. 4,620 36.4 63.6 72.6 48.1 86.1 89.9 65 .4 36 . 9 81 .2 86 2 3 ,960 ! 936 j 1 ,003 ! 1 ,383 ! 25.8 50.0 12.0 9.3 74.2 50.0 88.0 90.7 67 .5 j 38 .8 • 8 3 .0 : 86.9 73.0 32.0 27.0 68.0 16 .4 55 .2 77.4 31.2 22.6 68.8 ! 1,355 45.1 54.9 47.5 1,286 44.3 55.7 48.8 37 .7 49 .5 18 .2 15 .3 62.3 50.5 81.8 84.7 8.0 61.8 53.9 39.9 73.4 78.4 1,126 156 176 315 36.4 49.4 14.2 13.0 63.6 50.6 85.8 87.0 55.8 41.0 79.5 81.6 6.1 49.2 168 311 160 86.9 38.9 13.1 61.1 7.7 49.5 • 234 : 404 660 57.9 j 16.7 58 .9 ! 4 Unemployed, total 198 56.4 27.4 51.9 13.9 10.1 244 431 738 Unemployed, in families' Husbands 2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families . . . : 62.6 4,635 1,218 1,185 1,557 5,373 Unemployed, total 1,194 188 192 334 163 317 161 widowed, or divorced men who head 92 .0 38 # 2 Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families. According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about "black and other" population group. 4 percent ot the HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 57. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members 1977 1978 Percent of employed: With another With no other person in employed per- employed per- family emson in family son in family ployed full time Family relationship TOTAL Employed, total I l i 90 ,546 Employed, in families 1 Husbands 2 Wives Relatives in husband-wife families j 78,823 j 38 ,976 j 20,745 j 11,969 Women who head families Relatives of female heads Employed, not in families'1 ! j j Percent of employed: With another person in With no other With another employed per- employed per- family employed full son in family son in family 38.1 61.9 52.8 94,373 37.5 62.5 53.7 28.9 60.7 81,307 39,344 21,598 12,605 27.5 40.5 8.4 6.2 72.5 59.5 91.6 93.8 62.3 43.8 87.4 90.6 6.3 71.1 57.5 90.8 93.7 4,009 3,124 11,723 67.0 28.7 33.0 71.3 23.0 60.3 4,405 3,355 13,066 66.2 27.4 33.8 72.6 23.7 61.7 80,734 37.8 62.2 53.0 83,836 37.0 63.0 53.9 70,461 35,566 18,591 10,929 28.7 43.0 8.7 6.1 71.3 57.0 91.3 93.9 60.8 41.1 86.8 90.4 72,510 35,862 19,373 11,434 8.1 6.0 72.8 59.0 91.9 94.0 62.4 42.9 87.8 91.0 2,962 64.9 28.7 35.1 24.0 71.3 60.7 3,260 2,581 63.5 27.0 36.5 73.0 62.4 50.3 42.5 9.2 42.0 86, 90, White Employed, total Employed, in families' Husbands : Wivos Relatives in husband-wife families Women who head families Relatives of female heads Employed, not in families 1 Employed, total Employed, in families' Husbands' Wives Relatives in husband-wife families Women who head families . . . Relatives of female heads . . . Employed, not in families 3 1 2 See footnote 1, table 56. See footnote 2, table 56. 2,413 10,273 25.4 11,326 8,384 42.1 57.9 50.4 8,925 42.5 57.5 7,166 32.3 67.7 59.0 7,464 31.2 68.8 60.1 2,887 1,810 37.3 13.0 62.7 87.0 2,898 35.7 1,840 11.6 8.6 91.4 923 8.6 64.3 88.4 91.4 53.3 826 51.1 81.6 86.0 991 652 74.3 29.9 25.7 70.1 19.1 57.7 1,078 73.9 28.6 26.1 71.4 18.9 59.0 1,218 — 725 1,461 82.9 85.2 -- See footnote 3, table 56. See footnote 4, table 56. 199 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group [In thousands] Change from Industry 1975 1976 1977 1976-77 TOTAL 76, 945 79,382 82,256 85, 760 GOODS-PRODUCING 22,600 23,352 24,288 2 5, 38 1 MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products SERVICE-PRODUCING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 752 3, 525 18,323 10,688 614. 7 416. 9 629.0 139.0 ,458.3 , 056. 8 , 701.6 , 715.0 550. 1 406. 8 7, 635 1,657.5 75. 5 867. 9 1, 243.3 642.0 1,083.4 1, 014.7 194.4 608. 1 248.2 54,345 4,542 779 3, 576 18,997 11,077 679. 6 444. 3 644.4 1, 154.9 1, 510.9 2,065.2 1,774.3 1,798.7 575.3 429. 1 7,920 1, 688.9 76.6 918. 8 1, 318. 1 675. 5 1,099.2 1,042.5 198.5 639 262. 7 56,030 4, 582 837 1977-78P 2, 874 3, 504 936 1, 093 JO 28 3, 833 4, 213 257 380 19, 647 20, 331 650 684 1 1, 573 722.0 462. 8 668.3 1,179.3 1, 576.6 2, 179.4 1,868.3 1,862.5 614. 9 438.8 12, 159 750. 7 486. 4 696. 1 1, 205. 9 1. 652. 9 2. 337.0 1, 965. 9 1. 956. 3 654. 1 454. 0 496 42. 4 18. . 5 2 3 . ,9 24. 4 65. 7 1 14.2 94. 0 63. 8 39. 6 9. 7 586 28. 7 23. 6 27.8 26. 6 76. 3 157. 6 97.6 93.8 39.2 15.2 8,074 1,703.3 74. 1 913. 6 1, 312.3 692.9 1, 137.9 1, 071. 3 202. 3 712.4 253.4 8. 172 1, 694. 3 72. 6 910. 6 1, 315. 3 702. 0 1, 181.4 1, 088. 0 208. 7 748. 3 250.8 154 14. 4 -2. 5 - 5 ., 2 -5. 8 17. 4 38., 7 28.,8 3., 8 7 2 . ,9 - 9 ., 3 98 -9.0 -1. 5 -3.0 3. 0 9. 1 43. 5 16.7 6.4 35.9 -2. 6 57,968 60, 380 1,938 4, 858 114 809 4, 696 • 2, 412 162 17,060 17,755 18,492 19, 392 737 900 4, 415 12,645 4,546 13,209 4, 697 13,795 4, 897 14,496 151 586 200 701 4, 165 4,271 4,452 4, 676 181 224 SERVICES 13,892 14,551 15,249 15, 976 698 111 GOVERNMENT 14,686 14,871 15,079 15, 478 208 399 2, 727 12,352 2, 754 12, 723 -6 214 27 371 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL preliminary. 200 2, 748 1 1, 937 2,733 12,138 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group [In thousands] Change from Industry 1975 1976 1977 1978P 1976-77 TOTAL PRIVATE MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE . . . 50,991 52,897 55, 040 571 592 615 2, 808 13,043 2, 814 13,638 57, 536 628 2, 143 1977-78 P 2, 496 23 13 3, 004 3, 337 190 333 14, 1 10 14, 611 472 501 7, 557 516.9 337. 3 499.2 886. 6 090.4 339. 3 091.2 153. 7 332.2 310. 6 7, 914 576. 3 364.0 513. 5 904.4 1, 139.0 1, 339.9 1, 159.9 1,235.3 352. 7 328. 7 8, 291 616.5 380. 7 532.9 920.4 1, 193.6 1, 425.4 1,227. 1 1,284.1 375. 3 334. 7 8, 727 643. 6 400. 1 554. 0 948. 0 1, 255. 1 1, 537. 0 1, 290. 3 1, 351. 2 401. 2 346. 7 377 40. 2 16. 7 19.4 16.0 54.6 85. 5 67.2 48. 8 22.6 6.0 436 27. 1 19.4 21. 1 27. 6 61. 5 111. 6 63.2 67. 1 2 5. 9 12. 0 5, 485 , 120.3 62.4 752.4 , 066. 6 479. 7 624.0 579.6 123.0 464. 7 212. 6 5, 724 1, 145. 1 63. 6 800.4 1, 134.3 508. 3 624. 7 600. 1 127. 8 492.9 227.0 5, 819 1, 154.3 59. 7 795. 2 1, 126. 1 519. 3 644. 3 614. 7 131. 3 557.4 217. 2 5, 884 1, 147. 1 57. 7 793. 0 1, 130. 1 527. 6 665. 7 624. 2 136. 7 586.7 2 15. 0 95 9.2 -3. 9 -5. 2 -8.2 11.0 19.6 14.6 3. 5 64. 5 -9.8 65 -7. 2 -2. 0 -2.2 4. 0 8. 3 21. 4 9. 5 5. 4 29. 3 -2. 2 3,894 15,023 3, 637 11, 387 3, 918 15,649 3, 746 11, 904 3,993 4, 088 75 95 16,297 17, 092 648 795 3,869 12,427 4, 036 123 523 167 629 142 171 593 589 13, 056 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 3, 173 3, 243 3, 385 3, 556 SERVICES 12,479 13,043 13,636 14, 225 1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (page 84). p=preliminary. 201 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls 3. by industry division and major manufacturing group \verage hourly earnings Average weekly hours Average weekly earnings Industry 1978 P $ 4 . 53 $4.86 $ 5 . 24 $5.68 5. 95 6.46 6. 94 7. 61 249. 3 1 7.70 8. 09 8.62 5.22 5. 67 6. 16 36. 0 35.8 43. 4 43.4 7. 31 4. 83 197-J 36. 1 41. 9 MINING 1977 1975 1976 36. 1 TOTAL PRIVATE 1976 1978 P 1975 42. 4 CONSTRUCTION 36. 4 36.8 36. 5 36.7 MANUFACTURING 39. 5 2. 6 40. 1 40. 3 40.4 3. 1 3. 4 40. 6 41. 0 41. 1 3.2 3. 7 39. 39. 41. 41. 8 0 3 3 41. b 39. 7 39.3 41.6 41.8 41.0 42. 0 4. 3. 4. 6. 40. 8 39.9 38.8 41. 1 40.8 40. 8 41.2 39. 5 40. 4 40. 0 41.7 40. 4 42. 5 39. 5 40. 3 Overtime hours DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures . . Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries .... Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products 38. 38. 40. 40. 40. 1 $203. 34 273. 90 301. 20 330.27 266. 08 283. 36 295. 29 316. 35 190. 79 209. 32 228. 50 248. 86 NONDURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products . Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products . • Leather and leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES 1 234. 55 332.17 5.70 178. 94 198. 68 214. 77 233. 13 4. 69 146. 69 156. 75 169. 17 181. 97 169. 56 185. 18 200. 94 217.88 5. 29 4 . 36 4. 70 5. 10 5. 53 4 . 37 40. 0 37. 9 7 7 0 9 39.8 38.2 40. 4 35.6 42. 9 37.6 41.8 43. 5 40. 9 37. 1 4. 61 4. 57 0 2 9 2 40. 5 37. 5 40. 1 35.8 42. 5 37. 5 41.6 42. 1 40.7 37.4 39. 7 39- 8 39. 9 40. 0 3. 73 37. 0 217. 76 309. 40 4.93 39.4 3.2 41. 41. 39. 37. 198. 40 276. 05 4. 04 39. 4 37. 7 41. 42. 41. 36. 09 34 80 40 b. 90 bl bO 188. 154. 219. 276. 223. 238. 5.80 6.27 4.29 3.94 6. 52 6.47 7. 01 8. 60 5. 50 3. 90 18 5. 78 174. 57 134. 01 111. 58 2 08. 42 199. 06 220. 99 2 66. 56 174. 76 119. 04 201. 187. 147. 121. 232. 214. 245. 303. 189. 127. 6. 99 7. 54 3.97 4. 27 4.66 5. 03 3. 57 5. 39 3. 8 5 5. 37 5. 62 5. 39 6. 47 4. 38 3. 20 4.97 4.99 3.69 3.40 5.47 5.71 5. 91 7.21 4.65 3.40 3. 5. 6. 6. 7. 5. 3. 5. 88 6.45 3. 4 1 3. 17 5. 01 5. 38 3. 98 62 96 11 43 82 17 61 33. 9 33.7 33. 3 38. 7 38.7 32. 1 38. 8 31. 6 38.8 31. 0 4. 72 32. 4 36. 5 36.4 36. 4 36. 5 4 . 06 4.27 4 . 54 33. 0 32.8 4 . 02 4. 31 4 . 65 33.3 86 26 77 20 33 81 06 22 99 14 202. 169. 239. 305. 241. 2b9. 58 26 b4 62 90 38 - 32.8 33. 5 92 53 50 34 53 50 183. 28 245. 23 3. 8 1 39. 4 3. 0 221. 183. 262. 342. 259. 283. 5.82 7.89 4. 53 35. 6 42. 9 270. 03 5. 39 7. 28 40. 9 40. 4 248. 46 6. 2b 40. 6 38. 8 39. 3 226. 55 164. 143. 198. 247. 202. 219. 4.96 6. 62 3. 2 205. 49 5. 59 4.67 6. 31 8. 19 6. 33 6. 75 4. 64 6. 07 38. 8 35. 2 41. 6 6. 57 40.3 42. 1 5. 05 38.8 40. 3 38. 2 6. 06 b. 38 26 77 92 18 38.8 2. 7 5. 58 _ 38. 5 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (page 84). 202 5. 15 5. 4. b. 7. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries - 4. 72 3.99 5.33 6.77 5.49 5.78 41. 0 1978 P $163. 53 $175. 45 $188. 64 3.8 7 0 4 0 1977 1976 3.6 39. 9 2. 6 197 5 3. 36 86 54 26 16 2 14. 80 213. 00 160. 79 128. 87 255. 68 230. 35 268. 13 333. 91 211. 97 133. 21 230. 84 239. 51 173.32 140.26 279. 71 243.27 293. 02 374.10 224. 95 144.69 233. 44 256. 71 278. 90 301. 60 126. 45 133. 79 142. 19 152. 85 5.88 4. 19 182. 66 108. 86 194. 66 114. 60 209. 13 121. 66 228. 14 129.89 4. 90 148. 19 155. 43 165. 2 6 178.85 4.99 134. 67 143. 52 153. 4 5 163. 67 p=preliminary unweighted averages. 29 13 97 72 48 13 Explanatory Notes These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data (A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings. Introduction The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 56,000 households, representing 614 areas in 1,113 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month. Data based on establishment records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month. Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to actions occurring during the entire month. RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND ESTABLISHMENT SERIES The household and establishment data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows. Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week—that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours of work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. 203 COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH OTHER SERIES C O M P A R A B I L I T Y OF THE P A Y R O L L E M P L O Y M E N T D A T A W I T H OTHER SERI ES Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, self-employment,, unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government employees. In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. Statistics on manufactures and business. Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxililiary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of this article may be obtained upon request. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 1972, coverane was expanded to include employees of small firms and selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously. However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government employees. Household data (A tables) COLLECTION A N D COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This report is available from BLS upon request. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also collected and published for 14 and 15 year olds. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. 204 Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from the Department of Defense. Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview. About 2,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4 percent. In addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier. Beginning in September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000 households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in January 1978. CONCEPTS Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work, and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment. Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going to public or private employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other" method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization,-or waiting at a designated pick-up point. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, race,etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate. Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total non institutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other demographic characteristics such as race and educational attainment. Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian noninstitutional population. Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed not-in-labor force questions were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample, i.e., the "incoming" groups. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 1970 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are person.* working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was paid for the holiday. 205 For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ from data on total employment because the latter include persons in zero-hour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons. Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time," persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part-time." Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work full time. Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time. Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours, (2) that those looking for part-time work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they worked. Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently had been identified as "Negro and other races" and prior to 1969 as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population is white. Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not. Statistics on major activity are published every month in table A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race, and sex, and, if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time work. Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. 206 Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females are excluded. Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces. Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence (farm-nonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor. The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of SMSA's as defined in the 1970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan total is disaggregated into farm and nonfarm components. HISTORIC COMPARABILITY Raised lower age limit Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16 years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: (1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous; (2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment in order to increase their reliability. These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, although the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number of employed was reduced about 1 million because of the exclusion of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over, the only employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in the February 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request. Noncomparability of labor force levels Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning 1953, as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950 census into the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; (2) beginning 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning 1962, the introduction of figures from the 1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. In addition, beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000, and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black and other population—but had little effect on 16 and over totals. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation" in the February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings. Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000 males and 46,000 females. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in the "other" population. Beginning in 1978, the introduction of an expansion of the sample ^and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings. Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than determined by the interviewer as before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households has race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households has race determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers are 2/8 and 6/8 in November 1978, 3/8 and 5/8 in December 1978, 4/8 and 4/8 from January 1978 through September 1978, 5/8 and 3/8 in October 1979, and so on, until the entire sample has race determined by the household respondent in January 1980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible that it will cause a break in the time series given for some racial statistics. Changes in occupational classification system Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review of the classification system to be used for the 1970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 1940 census, was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in March 1970 employment levels tabulated on both the 1960 and 1970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in operatives to an increase of 570,000 in service workers, much of which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other groups amounted to 220,000 or less. An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 1972. At the same time, several changes in titles, as well as in order of presentation, were introduced; for example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the category. Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 1971, when a question eliciting information on major activities or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made for 1972 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact on unemployment rates. Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings. Changes in sample design Since the inception of the survey, there have been various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates. One major change made after every decennial census is to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 1953, a rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to the sample to account for the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the ultimate sampling unit was changed from a non-contiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing units. A recent change was introduced in January 1978, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing design. A coverage improvement sample was included in computing the estimates beginning in October 1978 in order to provide coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units which represent 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to January 1970 and construction was not completed by the time of the 1970 Census (i.e., April 1970). The extent of other sources of housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The 207 Households eligible Time period Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 , Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956, May 1956 to Dec. 1959, Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 , Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 Jan. 1967 to July 1971 Aug. 1971 to July 1972 Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 Jan. 1978 to present . . Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia. 2 These are households which were visited, but were found to inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not hjvea significant effect on the estimates. The following table provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample design in use during the referenced data collection periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Sucvey, BLS Report 463. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program. The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. In States supplemented in the 1978 expansion, almost all sample persons within the same sample area have the same basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview, and the ratio estimation procedure is applied. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District of Columbia, and within these, for six groups—two race categories (white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc. 208 Number of sample areas * 68 230 330 333 3 357 449 449 461 614 Interviewed 21,000 21,000 33,500 33,500 33,500 48,000 45,000 45,000 53,500 Not interviewed 500-1,000 500-1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 Households visited not eligible2 3,000-3,500 3,000-3,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 9,500 be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview. 3 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii after statehood. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS sample, a portion of the 614 sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the contribution to the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore this procedure is not applied to sample areas which represent only themselves. The procedure is applied within each State that contains nonsample areas and takes into account the differences that existed at the time of the 1970 census in the distribution by race and residence of the population in sample areas and the known race-residence distribution in the portions of the State represented by these areas. b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportion in the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of independent current estimates of the population in the same categories. The second-stage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the population 16 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40-age-sex-race categories across the whole Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority .races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 age-sex-race groups. The entire second-stage ratio estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures that the sample estimates both of State population and of national age-sex-race categories, will be virtually equal to the independent population estimates. The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from the April 1 , 1970 census through the latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates methodology are available on request from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C, 20233. Prior to January 1974, the independent national controls used for the age-sex-race groups in both the second and third steps of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure were prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (1970) after taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates are then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual percent change over time in the population in any age group is preserved. 3- Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are also improved, but to a lesser extent. Rounding of estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however, are insignificant. Reliability of the estimates There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic biases in the data. Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage). Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other results may be found in the Current Population Survey Reeinterview Program, January 1961 through December 1966, Technical Paper No. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975. Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race. Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-race population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further, the independent population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1970 census, which was estimated at 2.5 percent of the population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those observed in the CPS. Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appears in the paper, " A n Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, Chicago, Illinois, August 1977; in the paper "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last document includes a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of various sources of errors, and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS. Sampling error. Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same schedules, instructions, and enumerators. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a complete census figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the differences would be less than twice the standard error. In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations were required. First, the standard errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly, instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of 209 standard errors provided give an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the precise standard error. Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months. Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and month-to-month change for percentages* Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the generalized standard errors for month-to-month change as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months. Estimates of change over other time periods are subject to higher standard errors. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to differences in sample size. For years before 1956, the standard errors should be multiplied by 1.50 and for the 1956-1966 period they should be multiplied by 1.22. Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for month-tomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for the characteristics as indicated Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table C shows that the standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 150,000. Consequently, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less than 150,000 from the figure which would have been obtained from a complete count of the number of persons working the given number of hours. Recall that the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using linear interpolation in column one of table D the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000 when the monthly level is approximately 12,000,000 is about 111,000. Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 5 0 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than 35,000. Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentages can be obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and 210 the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the percentage. Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that 3.6 percent of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of 3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table G (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 1.26. The generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is then approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percent. Table A. Standard errors of major employment status categories (In thousands) Standard error o f — Employment status, sex, age, and race Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Both sexes, 16-19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Black and other, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Both sexes, 16-19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Monthly level Month-tomonth change (consecutive months only) 223 236 107 171 180 111 124 135 68 107 118 71 168 167 64 129 131 67 80 84 56 85 94 69 78 85 54 60 65 57 44 49 33 38 43 35 62 62 34 48 49 36 33 30 29 37 35 32 Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics Standard error o f — Selected categories Monthly level Total (all civilian workers) Males, 20 years and over Females, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16-19 years White workers Black (and other) workers Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present . . . . Full-time workers Part-time workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over . . . . o11 Standard error o f — Selected categories Consecutive month change Blue collar workers—Continued Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives . . . . Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers .12 .18 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities . . Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers . . . .13 .20 .19 .37 .23 .20 .27 .35 .49 .62 .31 .55 .40 .55 .71 .34 .62 .12 .58 .22 .27 .36 .31 .25 .17 .21 1.09 .13 .66 .24 .30 .40 .35 .28 .19 .23 1.24 INDUSTRY OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Consecutive month change OCCUPATION—Continued .11 .13 .18 .65 .11 .47 .13 .22 .12 .40 .07 .13 .17 .55 .11 .45 .12 .21 .11 .32 .06 Monthly level .21 .41 .26 .22 .30 Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level (In thousands) Characteristics1 Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data Estimated monthly level 50 100 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 Agricultural employment 13 18 41 57 81 113 137 Total or white Black and other 10 14 32 45 64 90 109 125 139 166 188 219 249 253 260 260 254 221 143 10 14 32 44 60 79 88 90 87 36 Total or white, 16-19 years 10 14 32 44 60 77 84 84 76 When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the Total or Black and white males other, > only, or 16-19 years females only 10 14 28 33 13 9 13 30 42 59 82 99 113 124 146 161 177 178 164 131 49 Unemployment Black and other males only, or females only 9 13 29 40 52 60 53 16 Total or white 10 14 31 44 62 87 106 122 135 163 182 Black and other 11 15 33 46 63 83 93 standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years use the column for total employed. 211 Table D. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change (In thousands) Type of characteristic Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data Unemployment Estimated monthly level Total or white Black and other Total, or white, 16-19 years Black and other, 16-19 years 8 11 24 34 47 66 81 93 103 123 130 163 179 189 194 195 191 179 119 8 11 23 33 45 58 65 68 65 33 12 17 37 52 70 89 96 93 78 12 17 33 37 50 100 500 1,000 . . 2,000 . . 4,000 . . 6,000 . . 8,000 . . 10,000. 15,000 . 20,000 . , 30,000 . . 40,000 50,000 . 60,000 . 70,000 , 80,000 . 100,000 120,000 l See footnote 1, table C. Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons Total or white Both sexes 16-19 years, or part-time labor force 11 16 35 48 68 93 110 123 132 145 146 12 17 39 55 77 107 129 147 162 191 211 Black and other Black and other, 16-19 years 12 16 36 49 65 80 12 17 34 39 reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of unemployment. Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates Monthly unemployment rate Monthly base of unemployment rate (In thousands) 50 .... 100.... 500. ... 1,000 . . 2,000 . . 4,000 . . 6,000 . . 10,000. 20,000 . 60,000 . 100,000 212 10 2.05 1.45 .65 .46 .32 .23 .19 .15 .11 .06 .04 2.88 2.04 .91 .65 .46 .32 .26 .21 .15 .08 .06 4.49 3.18 1.42 1.01 .71 .50 .41 .32 .23 .12 .10 15 20 25 30 35 6.18 4.37 1.96 1.38 .98 .69 .57 .44 .31 .17 .13 7.36 5.20 2.33 1.65 1.17 .83 .67 .52 .37 .20 .16 8.25 5.83 2.61 1.84 1.31 .92 .75 .59 .41 .23 .18 8.93 6.32 2.82 2.00 1.42 1.00 .82 .63 .45 .25 .19 9.46 6.69 2.99 2.12 1.50 1.06 .86 .67 .47 .26 .20 9.85 6.97 3.12 2.21 1.56 1.10 .90 .70 .49 .27 .21 50 10.36 7.33 3.28 2.32 1.64 1.16 .94 .73 .51 .28 .22 Table F. Standard errors of month-to-month change in unemployment rates Monthly unemployment rate Monthly base of unemployment rate (In thousands) 50 100 500 1,000 . . . 2,000 . . . 4,000 . . . 6,000 . . . 10,000 . 20,000 . 60,000 . 100,000 10 2.32 1.64 .74 .52 .37 .26 .21 .16 .11 .06 .05 3.28 2.32 1.04 .73 .52 .37 .30 .13 .15 .09 .07 5.12 3.62 1.62 1.15 .81 .57 .47 .36 .24 .13 .10 15 20 25 30 35 50 7.10 5.02 2.25 1.59 1.12 8.52 6.02 2.69 9.64 .79 .64 .49 .33 .94 .76 10.05 7.11 3.17 2.24 1.57 1.10 11.39 8.05 3.58 2.52 1.76 1.22 12.55 8.87 3.93 2.74 1.89 1.26 .89 .67 .48 .23 .97 .72 11.97 8.39 3.73 2.62 1.83 1.26 1.00 .18 .13 1.90 1.34 .59 .39 .21 .14 6.81 3.04 2.15 1.51 1.06 .86 .65 .44 .22 .14 .51 Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force date Percentage of monthly level Monthly base of percentages (In thousands) 50 100 500 1,000 . , 2,000 . , 4,000 . , 6,000 . . 10,000 , 20,000 . 40,000 , 60,000 . 80,000 . 100,000 160,000 1 or 99 2 or 98 5 or 95 10 or 90 15 or 85 20 or 80 25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65 2.03 1.43 .64 .45 .32 .23 .19 .14 .10 .07 .06 .05 .05 .04 2.85 2.02 .90 .64 .45 .32 .26 .20 .14 .10 .08 .07 .06 .05 4.44 3.14 1.41 .99 .70 .50 .41 .31 .22 .16 .13 .11 .10 .08 6.12 4.32 1.93 1.37 7.28 5.15 2.30 1.63 1.15 .81 .66 8.15 5.77 2.58 1.82 1.29 8.83 6.24 2.79 9.34 1.97 1.40 .91 .74 .58 .99 2.09 1.48 1.04 .85 .66 .47 .33 .27 .23 .21 .17 9.72 6.88 3.07 2.17 1.54 NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for .97 .68 .56 .43 .31 .22 .18 .15 .14 .11 .51 .36 .26 .21 .18 .16 .13 .41 .29 .24 .20 .18 .14 .81 .62 .44 .31 .25 .22 .20 .16 6.61 2.95 1.09 .89 .69 .49 .34 .28 .24 .22 .17 50 10.19 7.21 3.22 2.28 1.61 1.14 .93 .73 .51 .36 .29 .25 .23 .18 a specific type of characteristic, Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month changes in percentages Factor Factor Type of characteristic Monthly level Agricultural employment: Total or full-time labor force . . . Part-time labor force Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data: Total Males only Females only Both sexes, 16-19 years Part-time labor force 1.26 1.26 1.00 .93 .86 1.00 1.00 Month-to-month change 1.05 1.50 .74 .84 .75 1.18 1.18 Type of characteristic Unemployment: Part-time labor force, duration of unemployment, left last job, reentering labor force All other unemployment characteristics: Total or white: Total Both sexes, 16-19 years Black and other: Total Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . . Monthly level Month-to-month change 1.01 1.21 .97 .97 1.08 1.21 1.04 1.04 1.13 1.24 213 Establishment data (B, C, and D tables) COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location. Federal-State cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national. State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form 1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months. Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL 1219 provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement to the monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity. All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification ^Manual (SICM), Office of Management and Budget. Industry employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. 214 The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies are also excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the period. Industry hours and earnings Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earrmd and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded. Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as proportion of part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month-to-month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries. The series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790. Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of the Census, and additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide, Part I I , of the American Hospital Association and special studies by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain industry groups within the services division. For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries," published in the May 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints are available upon request. Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earn- ings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from average weekly eamings» The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status, and level of gross calculates two sets sumptions that the ings and was taxed income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau of spendable earnings series based on the asworker earned the gross average weekly earnat the rates applicable to either (1) a worker with no dependents, or (2) a married worker with three dependents who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division excluding other income and income earned by other family members. The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers, with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers with no dependents. Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, and since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, the series understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers. As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings. For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical 215 Workers (CPI-W), and then multiplying by 100. "Real" earnings for months prior to January 1978 are deflated by the unrevised CPI-W, whereas those for January 1978 forward are deflated by the revised CPI-W. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the base period (1967). Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production-worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production-worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at 1 2 times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other V premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1967 period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation, hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings. Labor turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The date relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959. Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically recalled to a job in the same establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting 216 more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a separate item, began January 1976.) Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers from other establishments of the company and former employees returning from military leave or other absences without pay who have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not published separately but are included in total accessions. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations are defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. Other separations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Relationship of labor turnover to employment series Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the use of size and regional stratification. The "link relative" technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience. Other features of the general procedures are described in table I. Summary of methods for Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover Item Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, where stratified, individual cells) Monthly data All employees Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees Gross average weekly hours All-employees estimate for previous Sum of all-employee estimates for commonth multiplied by ratio of all emponent cells. ployees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees. Sum of production- or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Production- or nonsupervisory-worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by production- or nonsupervisory-worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average weekly overtime hours Gross average hourly earnings Production-worker overtime hours divided by number of production workers. Average, weighted by production-worker Total "production- or nonsupervisory- Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. worker payroll divided by total the average hourly earnings for com- production-or nonsupervisory- ponent cells. worker hours. Gross average weekly earnings Labor turnover rates Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in reporting establishments divided by total employment in those firms. The result is multiplied by 100. Average, weighted by employment, of and average hourly earnings. the rates for component cells. Annual average data All employees, women employees, and production or nonsupervisory workers Gross average weekly hours Average weekly overtime hours Sum of monthly estimates divided by Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. 12. Annual total of aggregate hours (production- or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production-worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. See footnotes at end cf table. 217 Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover—Continued Item Basic estimating cell (industry, region,, size, or region/size cell) Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, where stratified, individual cells) Annual average data—Continued Gross average hourly earnings Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production- or nonsupervisory-worker employment by weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours. Gross average weekly earnings Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual sum of employment. The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under representation of newly formed enterprises in the sample. The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to corncomputing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover. pensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample average. Table J. Comparison of nonagricultural employment benchmarks based on 1972 SIC and estimates based on 1967 SIC for 1977 Size and regional stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production- or nonsupervisory worker-data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings* Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Benchmark adjustments Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks" for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1977 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultu-ral employment in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-tomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made at the time of the March 1977 benchmark adjustment is shown in table J. 218 Industry division Total VI in i ng Construction . . . . Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Benchmark (1972 SIC) March 1977 Estimate (1967 SIC) March 1977 80 493 80 547 -0 1 805 3 430 19 253 827 3 451 19 183 -2 7 - 6 4 4 603 17,891 4 522 17,799 18 .5 4,377 14 935 15,199 4,422 1 5 028 15,315 -1.0 Percent difference - 6 -.8 Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data, the BLS publishes, as soon as possible after each benchmark revision, a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics, entitled Employment and Earnings, United States. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments^n these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for-many geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table K shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Table L shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Table K. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1977 l Industry division Total Number of establishments in sample Number reported Percent of total 164,300 32,152,000 40 2,100 16,300 47,100 313,000 686,000 11,166,000 39 20 58 77 508,000 95 7,400 2,208,000 53 40,600 3,242,000 18 10,600 24,300 1,583,000 2,896,000 36 19 2,714,000 6,836,000 100 55 Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Railroad transportation (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities . . Wholesale and retail trade Finance,insurance, and real estate Services Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) . . . . . . State and local 3,700 12,100 Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. National estimates of Federal employment are provided to the BLS by the Civil Service Commission. State and area estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments. Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March 1977 Employees Industry Number reported Percent of total Reliability of the employment estimates Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section, a "link relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table M presents the average percent revisions (based on the 1967 SIC) of the Employees Total Manufacturing Mining Telephone communication. . . . 136,810 49 48 41 699,960 72 10,070,140 9,233,370 six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment) for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request. The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors (based on the 1967 SIC) for major industries are presented in table M and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table N. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error 219 from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete census. One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2 RMSE- If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the root-mean-square error. Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the experience of the last 6 years and the 1967 SIC) of differences between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table N. For the two most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. Table O presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings. Table N. Root-mean-square errors of differences between benchmarks and estimates of employment and average relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings1 Size of employment estimate 50,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 Root-meansquare error of employment estimates 1,900 2,700 4,100 9,600 13,000 16,800 Industry division Total nonagricultural employment Total private Mining Contract construction . . . Manufacturing Durable Nondurable goods . . . Transportation and public utilities Trade Wholesale Retail Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government 0.2 .1 1.2 1.2 -.3 .4 .3 0.1 .5 .2 .1 .1 .1 0.2 .5 .3 .1 .1 .1 .4 .3 1.0 .2 .7 .1 .2 .2 .4 .2 .3 .2 .4 .6 .6 .2 .4 .4 .8 Based on 1967 SIC. The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71 and 1974 benchmarks. Relative errors relate to March 1971 data. Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government and samples for State and local government benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted by the Bureau of the Census. 220 1.5 1.1 .9 .8 .5 .5 Table O. Errors of preliminary employment estimates1 Root-mean-square error of Month-toMonthly month level change Table M. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings by industry division l Average Relative errors bench(in percent) mark revision in Average Average estimates hourly weekly of earnings hours employment 0.9 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 Based on 1967 SIC. Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions. Relative errors relate to March 1971 data. Size of employment estimate [In percent] Relative errors 3 (in percent) Average Average hourly weekly earnings hours 50,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 10,000,000 600 800 1,400 3,300 4,200 6,500 27,000 94,000 Total nonagricultural employment Mining Contract construction . . . Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government ... ... 600 700 1,200 3,200 4,200 6,300 23,000 81,000 6,000 17,000 35,000 14,000 33,000 6,000 27,000 45,000 5,000 1 5,000 33,000 12,000 31,000 6,000 22,000 39,000 Based on 1967 SIC. STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLSO The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by B LS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a summary volume published annually by the BLS. PRODUCTIVITY DATA Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board. Definition Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers. Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume of goods and services produced per unit of labor. Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private bene- fit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementary payment for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no self-employed. Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjust- ments per unit of output. The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of the sector reported. Notes on the data For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector, these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy. For the nonf inancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross Domestic Product of nonf inancial corporate business. Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. State and area unemployment data (E table) FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act. ESTIMATING METHODS Labor force and unemployment in 10 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above. Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 205 labor market areas are prepared in several stages^ 1 .Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This place-ofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS» Factors for adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates. 221 2. Preliminary estimate-Unemployment: In the current month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three building block categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below, as the Ul-based estimate. An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons who either filed claims late, or not at all. The estimate of those previously employed in industries not covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate for each non-covered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment, weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships. For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as: U=A(X+E) + BX, Where U=total entrant unemployment E=total employment X=total experienced unemployment A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and an assumed relationship between the proportion of youths in the working population and the historical relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed (B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor). 3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then applied at the State level to the Ul-based estimates obtained above for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based estimates for the six month period ending in the current month (e.g. a 6-month moving average). 4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State (obtained directly from the CPS in the 10 large States or by the Ul-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which also have substate areas taken directly from the CPS, the additivity adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total minus the direct CPS area. 5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using Ul-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating method, and errors in the Ul data. The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First, the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based annual averages. Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 10 States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal the CPS annual averages. Seasonal adjustment Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern—that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings. 222 The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method. They provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method (1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967). Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are revised to take into account data from the previous year. In January 1976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series {e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers are the exclusive or major part. In January 1978, modifications were introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment. All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural employment, nonagricultural employment and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and females under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components). Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on data through December 1977, new seasonal factors for the 12 major components of the civilian labor force, and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are published in the February 1978 Employment and Earnings. Many additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the Iseries presented, are available from the BLS upon request. For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (revised CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total private, total goods-producing, total private service-producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1967 base. The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is based. For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These factors are derived by the Census X-11 Method using the trading day option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the month of the year. The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through May 1978. Seasonal factors to be used for current adjustment appear in the October 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings. Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910. 223 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I - BOSTON John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center - Room 1603 A Boston, Mass. 02203 REGION V - CHICAGO 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III. 60604 REGION 1 - NEW YORK 1 1515 Broadway—Suite 3400 New York, N Y . 10036 REGION VI DALLAS 555 Griffin Sq., 2nd Fl. Dallas, Tex. 75202 REGION III - PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101) Philadelphia, Pa. REGIONS VII & VIM - KANSAS CITY 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 REGION IV - ATLANTA 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 REGIONS IX & X - SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LAUS), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS) BLS Region IV X IX VI IX VIII ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO I III Ih CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. •V IV IX X V V VII VII IV VI I III I FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS V V IV VII MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI VIM VII IX I II VI II IV VIM V VI X MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEWJERSEY NEW MEXICO NEWYORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON Ml PENNSYLVANIA I RHODE ISLAND IV SOUTH CAROLINA VIM SOUTH DAKOTA IV TENNESSEE VI TEXAS VIM UTAH I VERMONT III VIRGINIA X III V VIM WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING -Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36130 -Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3 7000. Juneau 99802 -Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 6123. Phoenix 85005 -Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203 Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (LAUS and CES). - Management Services, Department of Labor and Employment, 1210 Sherman Street, Denver 80203 -Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109 Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D, Chapman Rd., Route 273, Newark 19713 -Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Department of Manpower, Suite 1000, 605 G Street, N. W., Washington 20001 Department of Commerce, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304 Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334 -Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 9681 1 -Department of Employment, P.O, Box 35, Boise 83707 Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Street, Chicago 60605 -Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204 Department of Job Services, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319 Division of Employment, Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603 -Department of Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, 2nd Floor West, Frankfort 40601 Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094-Capitol Station. Baton Rouge 70804 -Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330 Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201 -Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114 Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202 -Department of Economic Security, 3 9 0 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205 -Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65101 -Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1 728, Helena 59601 -Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509 -Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89713 -Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301 -Department of Labor and Industry, 202 John Fitch Plaza, Trenton 08625 Employment Service Division, Department of Human Services, P. O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103 Division of Research and Statistics, N.Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus-Building 12, Albany 12201 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 -Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505 -Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145 S. Front St., Columbus 43216 -Employment Security Commission, 301 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105 -Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, Room 402, 875 Union Street, N.E., Salem 97310 -Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 -Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, 220 Elmwood Avenue, Providence 02907 (CES). Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 (LAUS and LTS) -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202 -Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401 -Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219 -Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 -Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 -Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602 -Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 12064. Richmond 23241 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (LAUS and LTS) Employment Security Department, 1007 South Washington Street, Olympia 98501 -Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 1 12 California Avenue, Charleston 25305 -Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601