Full text of Employment and Earnings : January 1979
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Employment and Earnings
January 1979
U. S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol. 26 No. 1
In this issue:
1978 annual averages
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Acting Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the
Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special
Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce), State
Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with
these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside
back cover.
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Communications on editorial matters should be
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Gloria P. Green, or phone: (202) 523-1944. Inquiries relating to Establishment Data and all other
tables should be addressed to: Attention of
Gloria P. Goings, lor phone: (202) 523-1364.
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Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379
Employment and Earnings (Dept. of Labor Pub)
(USPS 081-990)
CALENDAR OF SPECIAL FEATURES
Features
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
{
May
Jul.
Oct.
Dec.
Household data
Annual averages
X
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Quarterly averages:
Seasonally adjusted data
Persons not in labor force
Persons of Hispanic origin
Vietnam-Era veterans and
nonveterans
Poverty-nonpoverty area data
Family relationship data
X
X
X
X
X
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Industry detail (final)
X
X
National data adjusted to
new benchmarks
(1)
Revised seasonally adjusted series
(2)
State and area annual averages
X
Area definitions
X
The issue that introduces new benchmarks varies. The October 1978 issue marks
the introduction of March 1977 benchmarks and conversion to the 1972 SIC.
Revised data introduced October 1978.
Employment and Earnings
Vol. 26 No. 1 January 1979
Editors: Chester L. Green, Gloria P. Green, Marc Weinstein
Editor's Note
It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment
factors for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey
(household survey) to incorporate the experience of the previous year. These revisions are usually
published in conjunction with January data in the February issue of this publication. However, due to
a speed-up in computer processing, it was possible to recalculate the seasonal adjustment in time
for publication of revised data in this issue. Thus, Tables 1, 2,33-53, and 67 reflect revised seasonally
adjusted data.
Revised data for the entire 1974-78 revision period for a broad range of labor force series, a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedures, and seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the overall unemployment rate during 1979 will appear in the February 1979 issue.
CONTENTS
Page
List of statistical tables
2
Employment and unemployment developments, December 1978
7
Charts
9
Statistical tables:
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor turnover
State and area unemployment data
21
60
75
109
140
149
Seasonally adjusted series—
Household data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity
Labor turnover
93
130
132
145
Annual averages
154
Explanatory notes
45
52
203
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 16 years and over, 1947 to date
A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5: Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A- 7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age
by race and sex
A- 8: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 9: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
21
22
23
25
27
28
29
30
31
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-10:
A-11:
A-12:
A-13:
A-14:
A-15:
A-16:
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
A-17: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
Characteristics of the Employed
A-20:
A-21:
A-22:
A-23:
A-24:
A-25:
A-26:
A-27:
A-28:
A-29:
Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers-by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-30: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
36
37
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds
A-31: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
A-32: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
44
-»
44
A-33: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
A-34: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
A-35: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-36: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-37: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-38: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-39: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-40: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-41: Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-42: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-43: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
20 to 39 years of age
51
QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-44: Employment status of the noninstitutionai population by sex, age, and race,
seasonally adjusted
A-45: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally
adjusted
A-46: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-47: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-48: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-49: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-50: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-51: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-52: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally
adjusted
52
53
54
55
56
56
57
57
58
Persons Not in Labor Force
A-53: Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work,
sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
A-54: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age and sex
A-55: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age, race, and sex
A-56: Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by
age, race, sex, and detailed reason
A-57: Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving
last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
A-58: Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
5g
60
51
61
62
62
Persons of Hispanic Origin
A-59: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex, age, race, and
Hispanic origin
A-60: Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by
sex and age
A-61: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
A-62: Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social
and economic categories
A-63: Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-64: Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-65: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
A-66: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
63
64
65
66
67
67
68
68
Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-67: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years of age
A-68: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years of age, race, and Hispanic origin
69
70
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-69: Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by
sex, age, and race
A-70: Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
A-71: Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by sex, age, and race
71
72
72
Family Relationship Data
A-72: Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
A-73: Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
73
74
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
8BBBBB-
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
75
76
85
93
94
95
B- 7: Indexes of diffusion: Percentlif industries in which employment increased
96
Employment-State and Area
B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division . . .
98
Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1957 to date
C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government
C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars
C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8: • Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
C- 9: Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
C-10: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted
C-12: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally acQusted, at annual rate
109
110
126
126
t
127
128
130
131
132
132
133
134
Hours and Earnings—State and Area
C-13: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas
135
Labor Turnover—National
D- 1 : Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry
140
141
D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
145
Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
146
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E- 1: Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
149
ANNUAL AVERAGES-HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment
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49:
50:
51:
52:
53:
54:
55:
56:
57:
Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
Labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of black workers by sex and age
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
Full-and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex
Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex
Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race
Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason
Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked
during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work
within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age
Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age by
race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race
Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by
sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
Employed person by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
154
155
156
158
160
161
162
163
164
164
165
165
166
166
167
167
168
168
169
169
170
171
1
72174
174
175
176
177
178
-179
181
181
182
182
183
184
185
185
186
187
187
188
188
189
190
191
192
193
193
194
194
195
196
197
197
198
199
ANNUAL AVERAGES-ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment, Hours, and Earnings by Industry
1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry and major manufacturing group
2: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major
manufacturing group
3: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
division and major manufacturing group
6
200
201
202
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, December 1978
Total employment and unemployment in December
remained close to their November levels. The overall
unemployment rate was 5.9 percent, not much different
from November, but lower than the rates prevailing in
early 1978.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was 95.9 million in December. Over
the past year, total employment has risen by 3.0 million.
In contrast, nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—continued to
expand in December, rising by 250,000 to 87.3 million.
Over the year, nonfarm payroll jobs have increased by
3.6 million.
Unemployment
Both the total number of persons unemployed in
December—6.0 million—and the overall unemployment
rate—5.9 percent—were little changed from a month
earlier. Among the major demographic groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent), adult women
(5.8 percent), and teenagers (16.5 percent) were little
changed from November. Likewise, joblessness among
whites and blacks and in most other worker categories
showed little or no change. However, virtually all worker
groups have shown some improvement since December
1977, with a few notable exceptions, including teenagers
and women who head families. (See table A-36.)
The median duration of unemployment in December
was 5.6 weeks, not much different from the November
level. Median duration was more than a week shorter
than a year earlier, a reflection of reductions in long-term
unemployment as well as an increase in short duration
joblessness of less than 5 weeks. (See table A-37.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment was little changed in December at
95.9 million, following a gain of half a million in the prior
month. Over the past year, employment has risen by
3.0 million. Reflecting this expansion, the employmentpopulation ratio—the proportion of the total noninstitution population that is employed—has increased substantially to a record 59.1 percent. The civilian labor
force edged up slightly over the month to 101.9 million
in December, but also has expanded substantially over the
year. (See table A-33.)
Over-the-year developments
The highlight of the Nation's job situation in 1978 was
the strong increase in employment. Gains were pervasive
throughout the economy, occurring in every major nonfarm industry and among all major worker groups. This
marked the third consecutive year of sharp expansion in
employment. Most of the over-the-year increase resulted
from an expansion of full-time jobs.
The jobless rate declined in 1978, though more gradually
than during the prior 2% years. From 6.6 percent in late
1977, the rate moved to 6.2 percent in the first quarter,
was 6.0 percent during the middle two quarters, and then
edged down to 5.8 percent in the final quarter. Declines
were registered among both black and white workers and
for adult men and women, while the rate for teenagers was
about unchanged. Teenagers continued to comprise a growing proportion of the unemployed, as more than 1 of every
4 unemployed persons was under 20 years of age.
The 2.8-million expansion in the labor force over the
course of 1978 was only slightly less than the growth in the
prior year. Adult women increased their numbers in the
labor force by nearly 1.7 million from the fourth quarter
of 1977, adult men by almost a million, and teenagers by
200,000 (despite a slightly declining population). The
overall labor force participation rate rose substantially over
the year to a new high of 63.5 percent in the fourth quarter
of 1978. An unprecedented 50 percent of adult women and
nearly 60 percent of teenagers were in the labor force; the
rate for adult men was about unchanged at close to 80
percent.
Discouraged workers
Discouraged workers are persons who report that they
want work but are not looking for jobs because they believe
they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor
market test—that is, they are not engaged in active
job search—they are classified as not in the labor force
rather than unemployed. These data are published on a
quarterly basis.
Following a quarter of no change, the number of discouraged workers resumed the downward trend that began in late 1977, falling almost 100,000 to 760,000 during
the fourth quarter. As usual, about two-thirds of this
total indicated job-market factors as the reasons for not
seeking work. (See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonagricultural payroll employment increased by
250,000 in December to 87.3 million, as employment
advanced in 76 percent of the 172 industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index of private nonagricultural
payroll employment. Nonfarm jobs have risen by 3.6
million over the past year. (See tables B-4 and B-7.)
Over-the-month employment gains were posted in most
of the major industry groups. The largest increase, for the
third consecutive month, was in manufacturing (125,000).
About two-thirds of the gain in factory employment
occurred in the durable goods industries. Within the durable
goods, most of the strength was, once again, in the major
metals and metal-using industries, led by machinery, transportation equipment, and fabricated metals. Employment
increases in nondurables occurred primarily in food processing and printing and publishing. Elsewhere in the goods
sector, sizeable growth was registered in construction jobs
(45f000), while mining employment was unchanged.
In the service-producing sector, the largest increases
occurred in services (35,000), State and local government
(25,000), wholesale trade (20,000), and transportation
and public utilities (20,000). There was also growth in
finance, insurance, and real estate.
The only industry in the service-producing sector where
employment declined was retail trade, as retailers apparently added fewer than usual extra workers for the Christmas season. Employment growth in retail trade has been
generally strong throughout the year.
Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsuper-
8
visory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was
35.8 hours in December, unchanged from November and
about in line with levels prevailing over the past year. The
manufacturing workweek inched down 0.1 hour to 40.6
hours in December, but factory overtime, at 3.8 hours,
increased by 0.2 hour. (See table C-7.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was 122.5 (1967=100) in December, 0.2 point above
the November index. The overall index has increased by
4.3 percent from a year ago. (See table C-8.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased
0.7 percent in December and 9.1 percent from a year ago
(seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earnings were also up
0.7 percent over the month; weekly earnings have risen by
8.8 percent since December 1977.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 3 cents to $5.90, 50 cents above last December;
average weekly earnings were $212.40, $2.25 above
November and $16.92 higher than a year earlier. (See
tables C-1 and C-9.)
CHARTS
Page
1. Labor force and employment, 1959-78
9
2. Major unemployment indicators, 1959-78
10
3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1959-78
10
4. Total employment by sex and age. 1959-78
11
5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1959-78
12
6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1959-78
12
7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1959-78
13
8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78 ....
14
9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1959-78
15
10. Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1959-78
16
11. Unemployment rates by race, 1959-78
16
12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1959-78
17
13. Duration of unemployment, 1959-78
18
14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78
19
15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78
19
16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1959-78
20
17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959-78
20
Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS
1n^nnn
THOUSANDS
105000
100000
100000
A
95000
90000
y
T( >tal la Dor fo
y
85000
/
/
80000
y y
75000
65000
•
y -—
90000
A
85000
Y
80000
Nc nagric ultura emp oyme nt
75000
/ • • • '
y
<
70000
f
y
/
95000
-/—Civilian labor force
r
^Tota emp
i
oyme
it
s
f
y
70000
y
65000
^
60000
60000
i i i
55000
i i i
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A 33.
i
ccnnn
Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
10.0
PERCENT
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
y
5.0
4.0
3.0
Unemployment rate,
both sexes,
|
25 years and over
2.0
2.0
Unemployment
job losers
1.0
n n f '
i i i i i t i i i t i i 1 i i i 1 i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i 1 i i i I i i i i t i i I i i i 1 i i » 1 i i i I i i i 1 i i i t i t i I i i i 1 i i i ii
1.0
« «
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Tables A-36, A 38, and A-39.
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
PERCENT
90.0
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
90.0
.Males, 20 years and over
80.0
80.0
70.0
Total all workers.
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: TabteA-33.
10
Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
ANDS
THOUSANDS
trqr>r n .
52500
52500
cnnnn
cnnpn
47500
47500
M les, 2 ) years and over
/•—'""•'
45000
H
45000
«s
43^nn
Aocnn
4nnnn
Annnn
37500
35000
35000
/
•7ocnn
30000
30000
Ferr ales, :20 years anc over
07cnn
27500
25000
25000
*
. /
oocnn
22500
/*•**
20000
20000
7
17500
17500
12500
12500
10000
10000
7500
Bo th sex es 16 -19 ye
7500
cnnn
cnnn
2500
2500
0
0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-33.
11
Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age
PERCENT
i&easonmmy
80.0
aq/usma/
PERCENT
80.0
Male s, 20 y ears £ nd ov er
—**^—. •Vw— b—^^,
•-""^
V
70 0
7n n
ec n
ec n
60 0
Tots 1, all \ rorke •s
,*—«^-
„-•-.
re n
»
re n
*
en n
50 0
if
45.0
45.0
N~
40.0
35.0
Bo n sex9S, 16 19 ye ars
,4
i^
,/
v^
i-6
V
emaU s, 20 rears
40.0
T
ind o
/er
35.0
m
...
30.0
1959 1960 1961 1962
1963
1964 1965 1 9 6 6
...
,..
30.0
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A 33.
;
Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
100000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
90000
90000
80000
80000
"
Total nona jricult iral p lyroll emplo ymen
70000
70000
^ ^
60000
60000
-
^
—
^ —
50000
50000
S< rvice- srodu cing iridustr es
X
- ' 40000
40000
—
30000
30000
<aOOdS-prodt cing i ndust ries
1
20000
^
\
f—'
'^—•
20000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
12
SOURCE: Table B-4.
Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000
13000
9000
9000
^State and local government
5000
5000
1959 1960 19611962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5200
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5200
4800
3200
3200
\
Finance, insurance, and real estate
ZTTT
2800
2400
2800
Federal government -
2400
2000
2000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 19G5 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
1000
1000
900
900
800
800
700
1/
V
Minin 9
-/—600
//
\
T n
i
/
1
700
600
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969» 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Data for two most rant months am preliminary.
SOURCE: Table 6V4.
13
Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS
Full-time
schedules
70000
j
/f
THOUSANDS
75c^nn
70000
67500
67500
f
65000
r
62500
65000
nf
62500
t
/
60000
60000
57500
57500
J
55000
52500
/
1
55000
52500
^
50000
50000
A
47500
47500
45000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
THOUSANDS
15000
Part-time schedules
THOUSANDS
1 ^nnn
45000
12500
12500
Wo rkers on vo untaryf part-time s chedijles
10000
/
/£
1
10000
V
f
7500
/ >
r
7500
J
nT
m
5000
5000
• ' \ ,
2500
2500
ttime for e<:onorrtic reasons
Wo kers i >n par
0
•i i
i i i
1 1 1 • i i
i i i
i i i
i i i
i i i
i i • ...
,,,
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-42.
14
0
Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
18000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
18000
White-collar workers
15000
12000
9000
9000
Managers and administrators,
except farm
6000
6000
Sales workers
3000 Ll
3000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
13000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
13000
Blue-collar workers
10500
10500
Craft and kindred workers
Op ratives, exc ept transport
8000
8000
5500
5500
Nonfarm laborerss
V
Transport equipment operatives i I i i i I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i
3000
3000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
14000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
14000
Service workers
13000
12000
V
r
11000
12000
11000
10000
13000
10000
9000
9000
J
8000
8000
A//1
7000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966, 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Two brmtu in mm occurred in 1971 stemming from the rtdassification of occupations
intraductd m January andfroma quastionnaira changa concerning "major activity" introduced in
Oacambar. Saa "Changes in occupational classification systam" in the Explanatory Note*.
7000
SOURCE: TaWeA-42.
15
Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5
I
T
20.0
20.0
17.5
17.5
15.0
15.0
12.5
12.5
10.0
10.0
7.5
7.5
Females, 20 years and over N
5.0
J
2.5
Males. 20 years and over
0.0
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-36.
Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0
PERCENT
20.0
15.0
15.0
/
10.0
V
Black and )ther-
5.0
^
White
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO
3.00
Ratio of black to white unemployment rate
RATIO
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.50 LLLL
1.50
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A 35.
16
Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
10.0
PERCENT
10.0
W ite-i 7ollar we
A
rs
1
7.5
-Sale s wor <ers
A
rv
2.5
A/f
MA/
ih/ V
Vi
A
i
• *
k
h
Cl ;rical iA/orke
i^-—
5.0
75
.
\
'
t
t
s. A
4
Ay*
/
5.0
2.5
«K
Managers ar d adnlinistr
ators,j
except farmi
0.0
Prof< »ssional anc techr ical worker s
1 1 1 |
1 1 ii i i I i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I i
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
I
PERCENT
20.0
0.0
PERCENT
20.0
I II
II
Blue-collar workers
17.5
17.5
15.0
15.0
12.5
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
2.5
0.0
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
PERCENT
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
PERCENT
10.0
^
^
J
•-A.
dfai
Serv/ci ? an rm
s«rvice
\
A
V
ft,
V
vvork ers
r s — y/A/
, ^
y
A-,
7.5
f
Aj
•14
5.0
2.5
w * *
rm workers
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A 36.
17
Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
10200
Number of workers unemployed
10200
2700
2700
200 II H 1 I I I
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Percent of civilian labor force
PERCENT
10.0
PERCENT
10.0
75
.
5.0
200
7.5
MU
'N U^AVv
5.0
2.5
2.5
15 weeks and ov
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Average duration of unemployment
WEEKS
20.0
WEEKS
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
V
\
i
i
17.5
t
/
15.0
/
V
\S\
J
/
\ A
12.5
V
10.0
7.5
7.5
5.0
JLLJm
5.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
111
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
SOURCE: Table A-37.
18
Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
{Seasonally adjusted)
HOURS
42.5
HOURS
42.5
Vlanui acturi n g
40.0
—
%
—
r
1
k
1
tal pr vate establishments
37.5
"x
V
—
,
v
37.5
35.0
35.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Overtime hours in manufacturing
HOURS
5.0
HOURS
5.0
An/
r
\
2.5
2.5
o.o 11111 ii 11 i n 11111111111
i-Jl 0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
1
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary .
SOURCE: Table C-7.
Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
275 00
DOLLARS
07c r\e\
250.00
/
225.00
200.00
y
175.00
/
/
f
(
225.00
/
200.00
/
4 y
150.00
250.00
, - ' •
175.00
150.00
M anufa :turini
y
125.00
125.00
<
100.00
ota I p ivate establ shmt nts 1
100.00
•*—
, —
75.00
75.00
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
1
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-%.
19
Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings
(Seasonallyadjusted)
DOLLARS
225.00
DOLLARS
225.00
200.00
200.00
175.00
175.00
Gro s earnings n cur ent dollai
150.00
125.00
125.00
Gross earnings
100.00
75.00
75.00
Spendable earnings in current dollars
50.00
50.00
1959
1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Married worker with three dependents.
NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.
SOURCE: Table C-9.
Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
Seasonally adjusted i
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7 'i
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7 ^
Acces sions A,
5.0
A
J
I
H
1
y
LK
5.0
-y
/
2 5
y
Ne\ \i hire s
/
0.0
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
19691970 1971 1972 1973 1974
19751976 1977 1978
•
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4 fi
3.0
o n
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4 n
1
3.0
h
/
h
Quits
J
'V
V
- ^
S*
•
.ayoff s
\
< n
3
1
1
/
1.0
**/
1959 1960 1961 1962
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
rSIOTE: Data for current month are preliminary-
20
1.0
w
1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
19751976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table D-3.
0.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date
[Numbart in thousand*]
Civilian labor foroa
Total labor force
Total
nooJntti-
Employed
Y M T and month
of
population
Agricultura
Nonagricultural
of
labor
forca
Not in
labor
foroa
Annual averages
TOTAL
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721
60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117
58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4
59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017
57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961
7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726
49,148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235
2,311
2,276
3.637
3,288
2,055
3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3
42,477
42,447
42,708
42,787
42,604
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811
65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409
60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
3.0
2.9
4.4
4.1
43,093
44.041
44.678
44,660
44,402
1957
1958
1959
1960 1
1961
115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343
69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031
60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2
66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459
64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746
5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200
58,123
57,450
59.065
60,318
60,546
2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714
4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7
4 5,33#
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312
1962 '
1963
1964
1965
1966
122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180
73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893
59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2.875
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596
80,793
82,272
84#240
85,903
86,929
60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0
77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113
74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120
3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387
70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732
2,975
2,817
2,832
4,088
4,993
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9
52,527
53.291
53,602
54,280
55,666
1972 *
1973 l
1974
1975
1976
145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048
88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917
61.0
61.4
61.8
61.8
62.1
86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773
81.702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485
3,472
3,45C
3,492
3,380
3,297
78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188
4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130
1977
1978
158,559
161,058
99,534
102,537
62.8
63.7
97,401
100,420
90,546
94,373
3,244
3,342
87,302
91,031
6,855
6,047
7.0
6.0
59,02f
58,521
5.5
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1977:
December..
159,736
100,877
63.2
98,748
92,561
3,304
89,257
6,187
6.3
58,860
159,937
160,128
160,313
160,504
160,713
160,928
161,148
161,348
161,570
161,829
162,033
162.250
101,336
101,263
101,557
101,885
102,222
102,602
102,738
102,785
103,097
103,199
103,745
103,975
63.4
63.2
63.3
63.5
63.6
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
64.0
64.1
99,215
99,139
99,435
99,767
100, 109
100,504
100,622
100,663
100,974
101,077
101,628
101,867
92,923
93,047
93,282
93,704
93,953
94,640
94,446
94,723
95,010
95,241
95,751
95,855
3,363
3,280
3,334
3,274
3,243
3,424
3,377
3,351
3,406
3,374
3,275
3,387
89,560
89,767
89,948
90,430
90,710
91,216
91,06 9
91,372
91,604
91,867
92,476
92,468
6,292
6,092
6,153
6,063
6.156
5,864
6,176
5,940
5,964
5,836
5,877
6,012
6.3
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.9
58,601
58,865
58,755
58,619
58,492
58,326
58,410
58,563
58,473
58,630
58,288
58,275
1978;
January..
February.
March...,,
April...,
Hay.t
Jane....*
July....,.,
AUfUSt...
September,
October..,
November,.,
December,.
1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
Because seasonally, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Year, month, and MX
Total
noninititutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Agriculture
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Nonagricultural
Industrie*
Number
44,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810
1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4,385
3,968
3,588
3,051
3.1
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
11,919
12, 3 U
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
Percent
of
labor
force
Annual averages
MALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
19721
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
64,316
65.345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69.864
71,020
72,253
73.494
74,739
75,981
77,169
52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,706
58,397
59,467
60,535
81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78,5
78.1
78.3
78.4
48,987
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716
2,639
2,681
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1977:
December..
76,541
60,079
78.5
58,068
54,922
2,690
52,232
3,146
5.4
16,463
76,636
76,725
76,811
76,901
77,000
77,102
77,206
77.301
77,407
77,546
77,643
77.746
60,251
60,171
60,278
60,277
60,396
60,555
60,492
6f,510
60,552
60,717
61,006
61,095
78.6
78.4
78.5
78.4
78.4
78.5
78.4
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.6
78.6
58,248
58,164
58,277
58,280
58,404
58,582
58,502
58,517
58,559
58,725
59,019
59,116
54,992
54,943
55,042
55,184
55,372
55,766
55,531
55,580
55,594
55,754
56,096
56,072
2,734
2,604
2,641
2,598
2,636
2,745
2,718
2,695
2,739
2,707
2,614
2,702
52,258
52,339
52,401
52,586
52,736
53,021
52,813
52,885
52,855
53,047
53,482
53,370
3,256
3,221
3,235
3,096
3,032
2,816
2,971
2,937
2,965
2,971
2,923
3,044
5.6
5.5'
5.6
5.3
5.2
4.8
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
16,385
16,555
16,533
16,624,
16,604
16,546
16,715
16,792
16,855
16,829
16,636
16,651
26,212
27.147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
31,827
32,825
32,973
34,513
36,080
38,221
1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,320
3,267
2,996
5.2
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
40,608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,88*
1978:
January..
February.
Harch..• ,
April,...,
Hay
June
August...
September
October.•
November.
December.
Annual averages
FEMALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
1973 i
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
69.003
70,217
71,476
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
79,954
81,309
82,577
83,890
28,395
29,242
30,551
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
37,087
38,520
40,067
42,002
41.2
41.6
42.7
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.1
28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
38,414
39,952
41,878
26,893
27,807
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33,553
35,09 5
36,685
38,882
680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
579
582
605
661
4.8
4.7
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1977:
December•
83,195
40,798
49.0
40,6 80
37,639
614
37,025
3,041
7.5
42,397
83,301
83,403
83,501
83,603
83,714
83,826
83,941
84,047
84,162
84,283
84,390
84,504
41,084
41,092
41,280
41,608
41,826
42,047
42,246
42,276
42,545
42,U82
42,738
42,880
49.3
49.3
49.4
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.3
50.3
50.6
50.4
50.6
50.7
40,967
40,975
41,158
41,487
41,705
41,922
42,120
42,146
42,415
42,352
42,609
42,751
37,931
38,104
38,240
38,520
38,581
38,874
38,915
39,143
39,416
39,487
39,655
39,783
629
676
693
676
607
679
659
656
667
667
661
685
37,302
37,428
37,547
37,844
37,974
38,195
38,256
38,487
38,749
38,820
38,994
39,098
3,03f5
2,871
2,918
2,967
3,124
3.048
3,205
3,003
2,999
2,865
2,954
2,968
7.4
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.3
7.6
7. 1
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.9
42,217
42,311
42,222
41,995
41,888
41,779
41,695
41,772
41,618
41,801
41.652
41,624
1978:
January..
February..
Harch.....
April......
Hay
July
„
August..«.
September.
October.*.
KoTember,.
December.•
1
See footnote 1, table A-1.
22
See footnote 2, table A-1.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Total labor force
Civilian labor force
Sex, age, and race
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
MALES
60,671
8,512
5,048
2,018
3,030
78.0
66.8
59.7
48.0
71.3
58,692
7,843
4,757
1,996
2,762
55,668
6,726
3,955
1,585
2,369
3,024
1,117
803
410
392
17,075
4,237
3,409
2, 189
1,220
323
23
17
8
9
4,560
3,794
3,133
2,066
1,067
1,709
31
16
5
11
19,483
14.2
16.9
20.6
14.2
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
53,679
8,761
37,757
8,510
7,651
6,207
5,228
5,087
5,075
89.8
86.0
94.7
95.1
96.5
96.5
95. 1
93.2
90.2
51,991
8,010
36,821
8,141
7,407
6,013
5,138
5,054
5,068
49,841
7,317
35,539
7,713
7,165
5,842
4,991
4,921
4,906
2,149
693
1,282
428
241
172
146
134
162
4.1
8.7
3.5
5.3
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.2
6,107
1,428
2,125
436
274
225
270
369
553
130
9
66
12
10
8
4
13
18
1,427
1,083
339
208
78
19
17
11
7
1,230
44
630
47
55
77
76
127
247
3,319
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
7, 161
4,397
2,764
73.7
82.5
63.0
7,160
4,396
2,764
6,986
4,294
2,69 2
174
102
72
2.4
2.3
2.6
2,553
932
1,622
56
18
38
5
3
3
557
311
246
1,935
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
1,944
1,146
1,944
1,146
1,872
1,097
798
20.5
30.5
13.9
798
775
72
49
23
3.7
4.3
2.9
7,558
2,616
4,942
175
42
133
463
177
286
6,921
2,397
4,523
53,936
7,473
4,471
1,826
2,645
78.7
68.9
62.4
51.4
73.0
52,347
6,947
4,242
1,808
2,434
49,976
6,089
3,605
1,464
2, 14 1
2,37 1
858
637
344
293
4.5
14,585
3,373
2,700
1,724
976
264
22
16
8
8
3,672
3,040
2,484
1,622
862
1,372
19
9
3
6
9,2 78
12.4
15.0
19.0
12.1
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
47,720
7,602
33,609
14,308
10,206
9,095
90.4
86.7
95.4
96.5
96.7
92.3
46,360
7,015
32,837
13,809
9,968
9,060
44,680
6,520
31,812
13,283
9,705
8,824
1,679
496
1,024
526
262
236
5,074
1,170
1,62 4
518
351
755
97
9
45
15
10
20
1,188
910
272
228
30
15
992
38
482
72
97
313
2,796
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,509
3,996
2,512
1,745
74. 1
83.2
63.1
20.4
6,507
3,995
2,512
1,745
6,348
3,905
2,443
1,691
160
90
70
55
2.5
2.3
2.8
43
15
28
151
5
3
3
47 2
264
208
371
1,758
3. 1
2,279
80 8
1,471
6,812
6,735
1,039
73.0
54.6
44.8
29.2
61.2
6,345
5,692
896
515
188
327
637
350
121
229
653
259
166
67
99
10.3
28.9
32. 1
35.6
30.1
2,489
865
710
465
244
59
2
2
888
754
64 9
444
205
337
12
7
2
5
1,235
577
192
385
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,960
1,159
4,148
1,853
1,228
1,067
85.2
81.8
89.2
90.6
89.5
86.5
5,632
5,162
8.3
994
797
3,985
1,738
1, 183
1,063
3,726
1,596
1,128
1,003
469
(197
258
143
56
60
1,034
258
501
191
144
166
21
7
2
12
239
172
66
58
6
2
23 8
6
148
30
56
61
523
79
267
96
80
93
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
653
401
252
198
70.4
76.4
62.5
21.0
653
401
252
198
638
390
249
181
14
12
3
18
275
124
151
746
12
3
9
24
85
47
38
92
177
73
104
630
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5.2
—
—
389
243
110
133
292
1,093
169
131
122
173
217
283
599
1,336
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
3.6
7. 1
3.1
3.8
2.6
2.6
292
191
91
103
213
825
204
214
407
526
1,232
6, 291
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
•.
19.8
6.5
8.2
4.7
5.6
2.2
2.9
1. 1
8.9
—
2
34
—
—
97
52
19
33
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Sex. age, and race
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
FEMALES
43,069
7,272
4,446
1,864
2,582
51.0
58.2
53.7
45.8
61.5
42,940
7,220
4,426
1,863
2,562
40,239
6,302
3,782
1,546
2,236
2,701
919
644
318
326
6.3
12.7
14.6
17.0
12.7
41,435
5,217
3,830
2,210
1,620
32,444
1,336
614
167
447
4,197
3,532
2,987
1,968
1,019
1,056
25
20
6
14
3,737
324
209
69
140
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
37,487
7,019
25,890
6,080
4,992
4,244
3,642
3,482
3,450
59.8
69.0
62.2
66.7
61.4
62.7
62.6
60.5
56.9
37,379
6,952
25,849
6,051
4,964
4,241
3,641
3,482
3,450
35,353
6,365
24,560
5,635
4,738
4,031
3,487
3,336
3,332
2,026
587
1,290
416
246
210
155
145
118
5.4
8.4
5.0
6.9
4.9
5.0
4.2
4.2
3.4
25,19 1
3, 155
15,761
3,033
3,140
2,520
2, 177
2,276
2,616
21,947
2,057
14,381
2,682
2,902
2,319
2,021
2,072
2,385
1,206
828
369
142
105
61
30
18
13
470
24
254
16
28
36
42
49
82
1,568
246
760
194
105
103
84
137
137
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
4,578
2,860
1,718
42.2
48.8
34.4
4,578
2,860
1,718
4,428
2,776
1,652
150
83
66
3.3
2.9
3.9
6,275
2,995
3,280
5,510
2,656
2,854
9
3
6
192
84
108
563
250
313
1,135
709
4 25
8.4
15.0
4.8
(1,135
709
425
1,104
696
408
31
13
17
2.7
1.9
4.1
32,414
4,007
8,407
9,883
3,380
6,502
4
2
2
567
104
463
1,960
520
1,440
37,3111
6,392
3,960
1,691
2,269
50.6
60.7
56.9
49.4
64.0
37,209
6,351
3,943
1,690
2,254
35,158
5,671
3,456
1,430
2,026
2,051
680
487
260
228
5.5
10.7
12.4
15.4
10.1
36,366
4,140
3,005
1,72 8
1,276
2 9,091
1,107
495
142
352
3,308
2,780
2,340
1,524
816
805
18
14
6
8
3,164
235
156
56
100
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
32,345
6,036
22,202
9,416
6,736
6,051
59.4
70.0
61.6
63.7
61.9
58.3
32,260
5,983
22,170
9,388
6,733
6,050
3 0,722
5,582
21,150
8,878
6,441
5,831
1,538
401
3,021
510
292
218
4.8
6.7
4.6
5*4
4.3
3.6
22,083
2,581
13,851
5,375
4,145
4,331
19,489
1,723
12,749
4,924
3,869
3,956
965
669
289
188
73
28
358
16
195
32
55
106
1,271
173
618
231
148
240
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,(106
2,b71
1,536
1,006
42.1
49.0
34.0
8.2
4,106
2,571
1,536
1,006
3,991
2,506
1,485
980
115
64
51
26
2.8
2.5
3.3
2.6
5,651
2,673
2,978
11,278
5,036
2,399
2,617
9,108
7
3
4
3
147
58
89
434
480
212
268
1, 733
5,758
879
4 86
174
312
53.2
44.9
37.1
26.5
47.7
5,731
870
483
174
309
5,081
63 0
326
116
210
650
239
156
58
99
1U3
27.5
32.4
33.4
31.9
5,069
1,077
825
482
343
3,353
229
120
25
94
889
752
64 7
444
203
251
7
6
-6
577
89
52
12
40
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,142
983
3,688
1,656
1,150
882
62.3
63. 2
65.9
67.5
67.6
61.1
5,119
969
3,679
1,648
1,150
882
4,630
783
3,410
1,496
1,077
837
489
186
269
152
72
45
9.6
19.2
7. 3
9.2
6.3
5.1
3,108
573
1,910
798
551
561
2,459
333
1,632
660
471
501
241
159
80
58
18
3
111
7
53
12
23
23
297
73
143
63
39
34
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
472
289
182
129
43.0
47.3
37.6
10.2
472
289
182
129
437
270
168
125
34
19
15
4
7.3
6.7
8.2
3.2
624
322
302
1,136
494
257
237
774
2
45
26
19
134
83
38
45
227
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
24
-2
1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
Civrlian labor force
Total labor force
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Participation rates
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
59,654
5,046
1,991
3,055
60,671
5,048
2,018
3,030
77.9
59.4
46.9
71.9
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
8,531
37,059
15,682
11, 104
10,273
8,761
37,757
16,161
11,434
10,161
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,100
4,373
2,727
1,919
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
78.0
59.7
48.0
71.3
57,644
4,722
1,957
2,765
58,6 92
4,757
1,996
2,762
77.3
57.8
46.5
69.9
77.5
58.3
47.7
69.4
85.1
94.7
95.5
96.1
91.9
86.0
94.7
95.8
95.8
91.7
7,784
36,120
15,066
10,819
10 234
8,010
36,821
15,547
11,151
10 122
83.9
94.5
95.3
96.0
91 9
84.9
94.5
95.5
95.7
917
7,161
4,397
2,764
1,944
74.1
83.3
62.9
20.6
73.7
82.5
63.0
20.5
7,099
4,372
2,727
1,919
7,160
4,396
2,764
1,944
74.1
83.3
62.9
20.6
73.7
82.5
63.0
20.5
53,(155
4,458
1,809
2,649
53, 936
4,471
1,826
2,645
78.7
61.8
50.4
73.1
78.7
62.4
51.4
73.0
51,510
4, 195
1,782
2,413
52,347
4,242
1,808
2,434
78. 1
60.3
50.0
71.2
78.2
61.1
51.2
71.4
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
7,439
33,062
13,913
9,886
9,262
7,602
33,609
14,308
10,206
9,095
85.9
95.4
96.1
96.8
93.0
86.7
95.4
96.5
96.7
92.3
6,845
32,275
13,403
9,646
9,227
7,015
32,837
13,809
9,968
9,060
84.9
95.3
96.0
96*7
93.0
85.7
95.3
96.4
96.6
92.3
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,476
3,975
2,501
1,720
6,509
3,996
2,512
1,745
74.6
83.9
63.5
20.5
74. 1
83.2
63.1
20.4
6,475
3,974
2,501
1,720
6,507
3,995
2,512
1,745
74.6
83.9
63.5
20.5
74.1
83.2
63.1
20.4
6,499
587
181
406
6,735
577
192
385
72.5
46.2
27.8
65.4
73.0
44.8
29.2
61.2
6, 133
527
176
352
6,345
515
188
327
71.3
43.5
27.2
62.0
71.3
42. 1
28.8
57.2
1,092
3,997
1,769
1,217
1,011
1,159
4,148
1,853
1,228
1,067
79.7
88.8
90.7
91 .1
83.2
81.8
89.2
90.6
89.5
86.5
939
3,844
1,663
(1,174
1,007
994
3,985
1,738
1,183
1,063
77.2
88.4
90.2
90*8
83.1
79.4
88.8
90.1
89.1
86.5
624
3 98
226
199
653
401
252
198
69.1
78.2
57.3
21.7
70.4
76.4
62.5
21.0
624
398
226
199
653
401
252
198
69.1
7a. 2
57.3
21.7
70.4
76.4
62.5
21.0
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
MALES
White
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
,
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Total labor fore*
Sax,aga,and race
Thousands of parsons
Civilian labor foros
Participation rates
Dec.
1977
Dec*
1978
16 y«»n and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
40,977
4,169
1,691
2,476
43,069
4,446
1,864
2,582
49.3
50.2
41.1
59.0
70 to 24 years
26 to 64 years
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
46 to 64 years
6,726
24,501
10,242
7,461
6,798
7,019
25,890
11,072
7,886
6,932
66 to 64 years
66 to 69 years
60 to 64 years
66 years and over
4,479
2,842
1,637
1,101
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Dec
1977
Dec.
1978
Thousands of parsons
Participation rates
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
51.0
53.7
45.8
61.5
40,859
4, 151
1,690
2,461
42,940
4,426
1,663
2,562
49.2
50.1
41.1
58.8
50.9
53.6
45.7
61.3
67.2
59.9
61.0
61.2
56.9
69.0
62.2
64.2
62.7
58.6
6,662
24,466
10,211
7,458
6,797
6,952
25,849
11,035
7,883
6,931
67.0
59.8
60.9
61.2
56.9
68.8
62.1
64.1
62.7
58.6
4,578
2,860
1,718
1,135
41.8
49.3
33.1
8.3
42.2
48.8
34.4
6.4
4,479
2,842
1,637
1,101
4,578
2,860
1,718
1,135
41.8
49.3
33.(1
8.3
42.2
48.8
34.4
8.4
35,464
3,738
1,551
2,186
37,311
3,960
1,691
2,269
48.8
53.3
44.9
61.5
50.6
56*9
49.4
64.0
35,369
3,722
1,551
2,172
37,209
3,943
1,690
2,254
48.7
53.2
44.9
61.3
50.6
56.8
49.4
63.3
20 to 24 years
26 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,774
20,992
8,670
6,372
5,950
6,0 36
22,202
9,416
6,736
6,051
67.9
59.1
60.0
60.5
56.5
70.0
61.6
63.7
61.9
58.3
5,722
20,964
8,646
6,369
5,949
5,983
22,170
9,388
6,733
6,050
67.7
59.1
59.9
60.5
56.5
69.9
61.5
63.6
61.9
58.3
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,999
2,52 8
1,471
961
4,106
2,571
1,536
1,006
41.5
48.8
32.9
8.0
42.1
49.0
34.0
8. 2
3,999
2,528
1,471
961
4,106
2,571
1,536
1 006
41*5
48.8
32.9
8..0
42. 1
49.0
34.0
8.2
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,513
432
140
292
5,758
486
174
312
52.5
33.2
21.4
45.1
53.2
37.1
26.5
47.7
5,491
429
140
289
5,731
483
174
309
52.4
33. «
21.4
44.9
53.1
36.9
26.5
47.4
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
953
3,509
1,571
1,069
848
983
3,688
1,656
1, 150
882
63.2
64.8
67. 1
65.9
59.7
63*2
65.9
67.5
67.6
61.1
94 0
3,502
1,565
1,089
848
969
3,679
1,648
1,150
882
62.9
64.8
67.0
65.9
59.6
62*8
65.6
67.4
67.6
61.4
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
480
314
166
140
472
289
182
129
45.1
53.3
34.8
11 .5
43.0
47.3
37,6
10.2
480
314
166
140
472
289
182
129
45.1
53.3
34.8
11*5
43.0
47.3
37.6
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
FEMALES
White
Black and other
26
HO. 2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5.
Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Civilian labor fore*
Unemployed
Employed
Sex and age
Not in
labor
Percent
of
labor
force
Nonagricultural
Agriculture
TOTAL
10,284
861
299
562
9,101
565
187
378
252
11
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .
1,697
6,441
2,831
1,976
1,634
1,339
5,974
2,567
1,863
1,545
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . .
60 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over . . .
992
601
391
293
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
10
8,849
554
187
367
1,183
296
112
184
11.5
34.4
37.4
32.8
6,547
1,371
660
511
18
159
27
79
53
1,322
5, 816
2,540
1,784
1,492
357
466
264
113
89
21.1
7.2
9.3
5.7
5.5
700
2,026
785
600
641
949
575
374
274
43
22
21
22
906
553
353
252
43
26
17
20
4.3
4.4
4.3
6.8
79 7
391
407
1,653
5,375
442
152
290
4,787
295
93
201
230
11
4,557
284
93
19 1
588
147
58
68
10.9
33.3
38.2
30.3
2,178
636
429
208
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
861
3,337
1,437
1,004
896
680
3,101
1,307
952
844
18
142
22
70
49
662
2,962
1,285
682
795
180
234
130
52
52
20.9
7.0
9.0
5.2
5.8
207
448
161
130
157
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
566
342
224
170
554
334
221
156
41
20
20
19
513
313
200
137
12
9
3
15
2.1
2.6
1 .3
8.8
249
116
134
63 9
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
4,909
419
147
272
4,314
270
94
177
22
4,292
270
94
176
595
149
54
96
12.1
35.6
36.5
35*1
4,369
735
431
303
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
836
3,104
1,394
972
738
659
2,873
1,260
911
701
17
5
9
4
660
2,854
1,255
902
697
177
232
134
61
37
21.2
7.5
9.6
6.2
5.3
493
1,57 8
624
470
484
426
259
167
123
395
241
153
118
2
2
1
3
3 93
240
153
115
31
17
14
5
7.4
6.8
8.4
3.9
548
275
27 3
1,014
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
18 to 19 years . . .
Males
Females
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over . . . .
NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about I
"black and other" population group.
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Males, 20 years and over
Total
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 6 1 9 years
Employment status and race
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
68,052
54,609
80.2
52,921
50,514
2, 19 2
48,322
2,407
69,288
55,623
80.3
53,935
51,713
2,250
49,463
2,221
74,883
36,808
49.2
36,708
34, 530
76,227
38,622
50.7
38,514
36,457
16,802
9,215
54.8
8,873
7,580
16,734
9,4 94
56.7
9, 183
7,736
26 2
7,475
1,447
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
159,736
100,632
63.0
98,503
92,623
2,914
89,710
5,880
162,250
103,740
63.9
101,632
95,906
2,990
92,916
5,725
436
479
286
34,094
2, 179
35,978
2,057
5.6
4.5
4.1
5.9
5.3
5 9, 105
58,510
13,443
13,665
38,075
37,605
7,293
1,294
14.6
7,587
140,264
88,619
63.2
86,879
82,375
2,646
79,729
4,505
142,198
91,247
64.2
89,556
85,133
2,690
82,443
4,422
60,361
48,697
80.7
47,315
45,408
1,978
43,430
1,907
61,351
49,465
80.6
48,105
46,371
1,993
44,378
1,734
65,673
31,726
48.3
31,647
30,000
66,712
33.351
50.0
33,266
31,702
14,230
8,196
57.6
7,917
6,967
4.0
3.6
5.2
51,644
50,951
11,664
11,886
33,947
33,361
19,473
12,012
61.7
11,624
10,249
20,051
12,492
62.3
12,076
10,773
7,691
5,912
76.9
5,606
5,106
7,937
6,158
77.6
5,830
5,343
9,209
5,081
55.2
5,062
4,530
9,516
5,271
55.4
5,248
4,755
268
300
214
257
38
27
9,981
1,375
11.8
7,460
10,473
1,303
10.8
7,559
4,8 92
5,085
4,492
4,728
500
8.9
487
8.4
532
493
9.4
1,779
1,780
6.0
15.8
7,239
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
5.2
14,135
8,431
59.6
8,185
7,061
397
452
271
29,603
1,647
31,250
1,564
6,696
4.7
12.0
6,033
6,815
1,124
13.7
5,704
2,572
1,019
39.6
2,598
1,063
40.9
956
613
16
597
343
998
676
15
660
322
35.9
1,553
32.3
1,535
950
246
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
28
10.5
4,126
4,244
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Black and other
cfnpioyfn#nt status
Both
MXH
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work . . .
Looking for part-time work . .
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
25,238
15,783
62.5
15,063
13,027
410
12,617
2,036
1,156
880
13.5
9,454
12,749
12,489
7,272
21,378
66.8
58.2
13,865
64.9
7,843
7,220
6,302
13,297
8,512
6,726
328
83
6,398
6,219
919
509
1,117
647
470
14.2
4,237
410
12.7
5,217
11,760
387
11,372
1,538
834
704
11.6
7,513
10,532
3,860
1,903
1,918
68.9
6,392
60.7
11,039
54.6
6,947
6,089
305
6,351
5,671
83
1,766
5,784
858
480
378
12.4
3,373
5,589
680
353
1,244
10,846
7,473
326
10.7
4,140
49.7
1,268
23
498
323
176
28.2
1,942
896
637
23
614
259
167
93
28.9
865
1,957
879
44.9
870
630
630
239
156
83
27.5
1,077
Major activity: going to school
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . .
Unemployed
.Looking for full-time work . . .
Looking for part-time work . .
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
4,824
4,009
133
3,876
815
68
748
16.9
2,445
1,985
106
1,879
460
37
423
18.8
7,326
3,794
10,239
9,018
277
8,741
1,221
5,398
4,740
222
4,519
2,380
2,024
27
1,997
356
31
325
14.9
3,532
4,349
3,707
133
3,574
643
44
598
14.8
5,819
2,206
1,837
105
1,732
369
25
344
16.7
3,040
2,144
1,870
28
1,842
274
19
255
12.8
2,780
475
303
302
173
23
149
36.3
1,506
239
149
1
148
91
11
79
37.9
754
236
151*
154
82
12
70
34.7
752
Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagriculatural industries . . .
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work . . .
Looking for part-time work . .
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
1,089
132
11.9
2,129
657
610
47
12.2
443
4,841
4,278
56
4,222
563
478
85
11.6
1,686
8,948
8,053
255
7,798
895
789
106
10.0
1,693
4,741
4,252
200
4,052
489
455
34
10.3
333
4,207
3,801
55
3,746
406
334
72
9.6
1,361
1,291
965
23
942
326
299
27
25.2
436
657
489
22
466
168
155
13
25.6
111
634
476
1
476
158
144
13
24.8
325
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8.
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age. and race
[Numbers in thousands]
December
1978
Full-time labor force
Race, sex, and age
Part-time tabor force
Unemployed
(lookint for
full-time work)
Employed
Unemployed
(tookinafor
parMimeworfc)
Employed
Total
Fulltime
schedules'
Total
Part
time for
Number
reasons
Percent of
full-time
labor force
part time'
Number
Percent of
part-time
tabor force
TOTAL
4,30 2
1, 156
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 ye^rs and over
20 to 24 years
25 vears and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
85,614
8,892
4,153
618
3,534
81,461
12,829
68,633
56,739
11,893
78,261
7,045
3,064
357
2,728
75,176
11,104
64,072
52,913
11,159
3,052
69 1
396
100
298
2,654
623
2,031
1,581
450
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years . . '
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
53,397
4,908
2,310
51,087
7, 171
43,916
36,077
7,839
49,613
3,920
1,731
47,883
6,256
41,627
34,182
7,445
1,389
342
200
1,189
294
895
685
210
2,395
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
32,217
3,984
1,842
30,375
5,658
24,717
20,662
4,0 55
28,647
3,125
1,353
27,294
4,848
22,446
18,732
3,714
1,663
349
198
1,465
329
1,137
89 7
240
1,907
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 yosrs sncJ ov6r
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
47,636
4,300
2,040
45,596
6,259
39,337
32, 19 1
7,146
44,621
3,543
1,582
43,039
5,581
37,458
30,645
6,813
1, 151
277
158
994
241
753
587
166
1,86 3
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
27,440
3,431
1,620
25,820
4,815
21,005
17,371
3,634
24,688
2,791
1,243
23,445
4,243
19,201
15,831
3,370
1,353
287
167
1,186
257
929
743
187
1,399
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,762
608
271
5,491
912
4,578
3,886
6 92
4,992
376
148
4,844
675
4,169
3,537
632
237
65
42
19 5
53
143
98
45
532
167
80
452
185
267
251
16
9.2
27.4
29.7
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,777
553
222
4,554
843
3,712
3,291
421
3,959
335
110
3,849
60 5
3,243
2,900
343
310
62
31
278
72
206
153
53
508
156
81
428
166
261
237
24
10.6
28.2
36.3
Both sexes 16 years and over
671
162
509
3,631
1,102
2,52 9
2,244
285
647
380
2,015
621
1,39 5
1,211
184
509
291
1,616
481
1,136
1,034
102
5.0
13.0
16*2
26. 1
14.4
4.5
6.6
3.7
4.0
2.4
4.5
13.2
16.4
3.9
8.7
3.2
3.4
2.3
5.9
12.8
15.8
5.3
8.5
4.6
5.0
2.5
16,017
6,171
5,030
3,241
1,790
10,987
2,133
8,854
5,931
2,923
14,594
5,291
4,254
2,674
1,580
10,340
1,954
8,386
5,604
2,781
5,295
2,934
2,447
2,848
1,266
4,666
2,464
2,024
2,642
767
1,875
673
1,202
6 29
470
423
206
72
134
71
64
10,723
3,237
2,583
8,139
1,295
6,845
5,187
1,658
9,928
2,827
2,230
7,698
1,188
6,510
4,931
1,579
794
410
353
441
107
334
256
78
4,711
2,646
2,202
2,509
1,107
4,203
2,268
1,865
2,338
697
1,641
581
1,059
508
378
338
171
59
112
64
48
9,769
2,920
2,323
7,445
1, 168
6,278
4,799
1,478
9,116
2,593
2,046
7,070
1,082
5,989
4,575
1,413
653
326
277
375
86
289
224
65
584
2flfl
244
339
82
257
99
159
463
196
159
3 03
69
234
91
143
121
93
85
36
13
23
7
16
20.7
32. 1
34.8
10.6
15. 6
954
317
260
694
126
568
388
180
813
234
184
628
106
522
356
166
142
83
76
66
20
46
32
14
14.8
26 .3
29*1
838
2,009
744
1,423
680
776
566
209
648
178
469
328
141
8.9
14.3
15.4
17.5
11.7
5.9
8.4
5.3
5.5
4.8
11.9
16.0
17.3
7.2
8.6
6.7
9.5
5.1
7.4
12.7
13.7
5.4
8.2
4.9
4.9
4.7
White
480
299
1,564
437
1, 128
960
167
353
210
3.9
11.2
14.7
3.4
7.0
2.9
3.0
2.3
5.1
10.3
13.0
1,189
4.6
315
874
796
78
4.2
4.6
2.1
6. 5
756
1,753
646
10.8
14.3
15.3
6*8
7.8
6.4
9.9
4.3
6.7
11.2
11.9
5.0
7.4
4.6
4.7
4.4
Black and other
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.
30
8.2
20.2
5.8
6.5
2.3
9.4
19.7
7.0
7.2
5.7
8.9
7.1
10.1
9.5
15.9
8. 1
8.2
7.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
[Numbers in thousands]
December
1978
Civilian labor force
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Family relationship
Total
of
population
Employed
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
2,766
14,220
101,632
63.5
95,906
5,725
5.6
58,510
32,767
8,757
Husbands1
With employed wife . . .
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force
40,866
20,712
1,112
17,437
81.7
92.2
93.6
71.8
39,796
20,256
1,012
16,997
1,070
457
99
439
2.6
2.2
8.9
2.5
9,177
1,763
76
6,836
117
30
1
61
251
1,177
7,632
130
12
82
394
22
700
1,209
40
5,994
Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force
23,663
21,268
556
1,839
49.4
55.6
55.9
21.2
22,475
20,256
456
1,763
1,188
1,012
99
76
5.0
4.8
17.8
4.1
24,272
16,997
439
6,836
22,467
16,005
402
6,060
284
247
9
28
252
103
ue 3
1,269
642
24
602
Relatives in husband-wife families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over . .
13,809
6,554
4,670
2,585
60.6
55.9
73.9
54.5
12,236
5,612
4,265
2,359
1,573
941
405
227
11.4
14.4
8.7
8.8
8,984
5,173
1,651
2,160
1,352
180
172
1,000
5,983
4,703
1,192
88
359
17
42
300
1,290
274
245
771
4,905
4,006
1,322
1,182
1,502
58.5
54.7
48.3
69.9
51.9
4,527
3,358
993
986
1,379
378
648
329
196
123
7.7
16.2
24.9
16.6
8.2
3,484
3,315
1,416
508
1,391
2,888
809
68
112
629
115
1,518
1,201
275
42
129
273
17
13
243
353
714
131
108
475
14,383
60.8
13,514
868
6.0
9,278
5,134
606
576
2,962
Total 16 years and over .
Women who head families
Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over
. . . .
. .
Persons not living in families 2
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.
2
Individuals liv
secondary families.
alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in
A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Dec.
1977
Total. 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single {never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
c=corrected.
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Marital status, sax, aga, and race
Pec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
3,024
5.4
5.2
2,760
2,701
6.8
6.3
1,296
300
1,524
1,061
293
1,670
3.2
6.9
11.4
2.6
6.3
4,224
507
970
5.5
6.8
9.6
5.1
6.3
12.0
1,277
522
960
2,440
2,371
4.7
4.5
2,065
2,051
5.8
5.5
2.5
5.7
10.4
1,081
364
620
1,039
358
654
5.2
6.0
7.3
4.8
5.6
7.1
11.1
10.3
695
650
12.7
11.3
5.2
10.2
23.3
4.3
8.7
22.4
197
158
340
165
148
316
8.1
10.0
23.0
7.6
9.3
18.5
2,133
2,026
6.0
5.4
5.3
6.8
7.4
4.9
6.5
5.9
3,120
1,114
215
1,111
908
216
1,247
680
653
182
85
413
153
78
423
3. tc
6.1
9.6
3.9
2,309
2,149
4.5
4.1
1, 190
279
841
1,000
265
885
3.1
6.8
9.6
2.6
6.0
9.5
1,197
474
462
1,146
477
403
1,633
1,679
4.0
3.6
1,606
1,538
1,025
201
606
853
196
629
2.9
6. 1
8.1
2.4
5.5
7.9
1,015
326
264
968
335
234
476
469
8.8
8.3
527
489
10.7
9.6
181
148
198
178
143
169
7.7
10.0
18.2
7.5
9.6
13.5
164
78
234
145
69
256
4.8
9.9
18.9
4.2
8.3
18.5
5.2
4.8
5.1
6.0
5. 1
4.6
5.8
4.2
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Total
FeiiMles
Males
Occupation
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
5,880
1,696
5,725
1,537
328
256
261
851
378
204
205
751
2,359
2,347
668
344
324
913
223
554
141
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
..
Carpenters and other construction craft
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
640
356
284
896
219
593
211
382
4 13
1,013
1,052
52
961
133
679
489
133
58
69
983
111
678
486
111
81
Dec.
1978
6.0
5.6
3.1
2.5
1.9
3.1
4.1
6.9
4.8
8.6
3. 5
2 .3
2.5
4.1
4.8
7.2
5. 2
8.4
3.7
8.0
5.9
3. 1
7.6
5.7
11.2
14.9
10.3
11.5
20.2
9.3
7.5
5.5
7.7
4.3
7.4
3.9
7.8
5. 2
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
5.4
2.6
1.8
2.3
3.4
4.5
6*5
5.0
Dec.
1977
5.2
2 .1
1.9
1.6
Dec.
1978
6.8
4.3
2.9
3.1
2.2
5.0
4.2
3.4
6.5
4.9
10.2
9.4
(1)
4.3
8.8
5.6
(1)
8.9
5.1
9.5
3.6
9.4
H
o
•» . o
8 ".3
8.6
3.3
6.3
6.0
2.9
6.3
5.9
in.4
14.8
10.5
11.7
20.2
O -a
J m3
7.1
7.2
(D
(1)
7.1
7. 1
10.6
5.4
9.4
(1)
—
d)
9.1
7.6
8.9
7.7
3.9
8.3
5.3
8.1
i.o
4.1
3 .6
11.5
...
—
—
6.3
3.9
3.3
3.0
_..
...
—
—
—
...»
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Total
Industry
Dec.
1977
Total 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Minina
Construction
Manufacturing
.
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities
Whnlpcalp and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
..
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Alt rvthor Hac<6Pt rtf wnrWprs
No previous work experience
1
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
32
Dec.
1978
100.0
72.9
100.0
73.8
.5
8.6
•
...
20.9
11.8
1.0
.6
.8
1.1
1.5
1.6
2.3
1.5
.6
1.0
.5
.9
9.0
2.5
1.0
2.1
.3
.5
10.7
20. 1
10.1
1 .0
.5
.5
.9
1.0
1.2
1 .9
1.6
1.0
.6
.4
1. 1
10.0
2.3
.8
2.6
.7
Dec.
1977
6.0
6.0
3.2
11.1
5.7
5.5
8.7
6.8
6.5
5.2
6.0
3.8
6.2
4.2
2.6
6.3
5.4
7.2
5.9
7.8
5.5
8.8
2.5
4.6
3.1
7.1
4.9
4.6
4.4
Dec.
1978
5.6
5.7
2.9
12.4
5. 1
4.3
8.5
4.8
3.a
3.8
4.0
2.6
4.8
4.0
4.4
3.4
3.9
8.7
6.2
6.6
5.2
10.0
2.7
3. 1
15.6
16.1
6.6
6.9
9. 0
9. 1
5.7
4.3
7.5
5.4
5.3
3.4
6.0
6.1
3.3
2.3
4.6
2.0
6.3
3.0
5.5
4.0
7.5
12.8
3.0
10.6
2. 7
1. 1
1. 4
.6
1.0
.5
4.0
.4
.7
.8
.7
3.1
.2
2.7C
2. 1
.9
.8
20.8
20.7
2.6
2.9
2.5
12. 7
11.6
11.7
11.8
6.3c
2.6
6.6
c=corrected.
Females
Males
Dec.
1977
5.4
Dec,
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
6.8
6.7
(1)
6.3
6.2
3.0
5.2
5.3
3.4
11.1
12.8
11.2
4.2
4.3
3.9
3.9
7.4
4.2
4.3
3.7
4.2
2.4
3.2
3.7
4.0
3.4
5.2
9.0
9.1
5.9
7.6
7.6
5.7
5.. 4
9. 1
3.9
6.4
4.6
5.5
2.5
3.7
3.7
2.2
5.5
a. 7
5.0
3.9
5.6
3.5
7.7
1.5
3.3
2.0
4.4
3.5
4.5
4.2
4*0
4.8
3.8
6.0
3.3
4.3
2.4
3.7
3.9
3.2
6.6c
7.(1
2. 1
13.0
6.9
10.7
8.1
10.2
9.5
7.3
4.8
«...
16.0
5.7
2.4
4.4
3.3
3.6
6.8
5.2
«0. 7
6.1
3,. 6
7.4
2.0
«0.2
10.7
8.8
9.2
13.2
10.7
8.0
7.0
9. 2
11.0
11.2
5.4
6.4
6.2
12.3
6.7
4.8
(D
6.8
5.7
9.6
9.5
3.7
(1)
4.0
3.5
7.1
1.6
4.6
1.2
5. 9
5. 5
7. 4
2.8
5.6
3.8
7.3
2.8
5.2
3.6
6.8
3.4
5.7
4.5
3.*2
11.5
9." 3
7 .7
18.*6
8.2
15.8
2.4
3.4
3.1
2.8
4.8c
4.7
5.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Females, 20 years
Males, 20 years
Total
unemployed
Both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Black and other
nOflson for un0fnpftoyni#nt
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
D«c.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,880
2,749
737
2,012
2,407
1,536
435
1,103
809
9,642
679
5,725
2,504
760
1,744
827
1,716
678
100.0
46.7
12.5
34.2
13.8
27.9
11.5
100.0
43.8
13.3
30.5
14.5
30.0
11.6
6.0
2.7
5.6
2.4
.8
1.7
.7
.8
1.7
.7
2,221
1,367
2,179
45 1
71
932
234
698
354
796
97
2#057
790
267
523
343
803
121
1,294
280
69
211
146
379
489
1,447
347
94
253
153
462
485
4,505
2,167
657
1,510
692
1,203
442
4,422
1,971
648
1,323
687
1,302
462
1,375
583
80
503
117
439
237
1,30 3
533
112
421
14 1
414
215
100.0
63.9
18. 1
45.8
12.8
19.4
3.9
100.0
61.5
17.9
43.6
14.9
20.3
3. 2
100.0
42.7
10.7
32.0
16.3
36.5
4.4
100.0
38.4
13.0
25.4
16.7
39.0
5.9
100.0
21.6
5.3
16.3
11.3
29.3
37.8
100.0
24.0
6.5
17.5
10.6
31.9
33.5
100.0
48.1
14.6
33.5
15.4
26.7
9.8
100.0
44.6
14.7
29.9
15.5
29.4
10.5
100.0
42.3
5.8
31.9
17.2
100.0
40.9
8.6
32.3
10.8
31.8
16.5
4.5
2.9
.6
.9
.2
4. 1
2.5
5.9
2.5
1.0
2.2
.3
5.3
2.1
14.6
3.2
1.6
4.3
5.5
15.8
3.8
1.7
5.0
5.3
5.2
2.5
4.9
2.2
1.4
.5
1.5
.5
11.8
5.0
1.0
3.8
2.0
10.8
4.4
1. 2
3.4
1. 8
398
969
332
30 9
467
93
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
36.5
8.5
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1
1
.6
.8
.1
.9
2.1
.3
Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]
December 1978
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks
and over
Less than
5 weeks
of persons
27 weeks
and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
5,725
100.0
44.6
35.2
20.2
12.3
7.9
2,504
760
1,744
827
1,716
678
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.7
63.0
35.3
39.3
47.4
47. 3
34.9
28.6
37.7
37.3
36.2
30.8
21.3
8.4
26.9
23.4
16.4
21.8
12.5
5.0
15.7
13.9
11. 1
13.1
8.9
3.4
I 1.2
9.5
5.3
8.7
2,221
Total, 16 years and over
100.0
43.7
34.4
24.9
13.9
I I .0
1,367
398
969
332
451
71
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.2
61.1
34.5
36.1
42.1
23.8
8.3
30.1
30.4
19.7
CD
12.7
4.3
16.2
18.4
13.2
11.3
(D
34.0
30,7
35.4
33.4
38. 1
(1)
2,057
100.0
44. 8
35.5
19.7
12.3
7.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.3
60.4
33.0
35.2
51. 1
47.1
36. 1
30.6
38.9
39.5
33.4
34.7
21.6
9.0
28.2
25.3
15.6
18.2
14.9
6.3
19.3
15.1
9.1
9. 1
2.6
8.8
10.2
6.5
9. 1
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over. . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years . . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
790
267
523
343
80 3
121
1,447
100.0
50.3
35.9
347
94
253
153
462
485
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.9
78.7
43.5
54.5
46.0
50.7
35.9
13.8
44.3
40. 3
39.5
31.2
(D
4.0
13.9
12.0
6.4
(D
6.7
10.0
11.2
7.4
12.3
5.2
14.5
18.1
3.8
6.0
4.3
6.7
2.6
5.2
3.2
5.5
2.S
2.2
4.9
12.4
13.1
' Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-15. Unemployed jobseekert by the jobseerch methods used, sex, age, end rece
December 1978
Sex, age, and raoa
Total, 18 years and ovar.,
18 to 19 year*
20 to 24 years
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
5,725
1,447
1,281
1,331
682
558
324
103
4,881
1,339
1#139
1,103
553
421
239
89
25.3
17.8
31.7
27.4
28.0
23.0
26.4
21.3
5.6
2.8
7.1
6.4
4.5
7.1
10.0
2.2
71*3
77.3
72.1
70.1
71.1
67.9
48.1
65.2
28.5
24.3
29.7
34.5
26.9
27.1
25.5
27.0
14.9
12.4
15.7
15.0
14. 1
18.3
16.3
21.3
6.6
5.9
5.8
6.1
6,7
7.8
15.9
1 .1
1.52
.41
.62
.60
.51
.51
.42
.38
Males, 16 years and over..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,024
803
693
669
318
295
174
72
2,511
731
601
520
250
217
129
63
27.8
17.0
34.4
32.5
37.6
28.1
20.2
5.7
1.6
7.5
7.3
5.2
10.6
8.5
7(1.(1
78.2
73.9
69.0
68.4
58.1
56.6
26.7
22.8
28.0
35.4
25*6
22.6
18.6
18.2
14.1
18.3
20.8
18.0
22.6
22.5
8.0
4.8
7.7
8.5
.58
.39
.70
.73
.64
.55
.44
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,701
644
587
662
365
263
150
31
2,370
608
538
582
3 03
204
110
25
22.6
18.9
28.6
22.9
19.8
17.6
33.6
5.5
4.3
6.9
5.8
4.3
3.9
11.8
71.5
76.2
70.1
71*1
73.3
77.9
38.2
30.3
26.0
31.8
33.7
28. 1
31.9
33.6
11.3
10.4
12.8
10.0
10.9
13.7
9. 1
(1)
5. 1
7.2
3.7
4.0
4.3
2.5
12.7
.46
.43
.54
.47
.40
.48
.39
White, 16 years and over •
Males
Females
4,422
2,371
2,051
3,705
1,930
1,775
23.0
25.3
20.5
5.6
5.7
5.5
72.2
70.7
73.8
28.4
26.7
30.3
14.7
17.7
11.3
6.8
8.9
4.6
.51
.55
.46
Black and other, 16 years
and over
Males
Females
1,303
653
650
1, 177
581
596
32.6
36.3
28.9
5.6
5.7
5.5
68.4
72.3
64.6
28.6
26.9
30.5
15.5
20.0
11.1
5.9
5.3
6.5
.57
.66
.47
(D
(D
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or
(D
O)
(D
(D
(D
O)
(D
9.6
12.9
17.8
(1)
(D
d)
waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It
should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than oneNjnethod.
A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
December
Thousands of persons
1978
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed
Public
Total
jo*
seekers
agency
Private
employment
agency
Employer
directly
Placed
or answered
ads
Friends
or
Other
Average
number of
method*
used
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
5,725
2,504
827
1,716
678
4,881
1,740
825
1,644
673
25.3
32.8
28.4
19.0
17.7
5.6
6.9
4.5
6.0
2.5
71.3
69.9
75.4
68.6
76.4
28 ..5
30.9
34..1
25.8
22«1
14.9
16.1
14.4
14.3
13.5
6.6
7.6
4.0
6.3
7.7
.52
.64
I. 61
.40
1.40
Males, 16 years and over
Job losers
. .
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,0 24
1,595
419
700
310
2,511
1,125
416
663
308
27.8
32.9
32.9
21.3
16.6
5.7
7.2
4.6
4.8
3.6
71.1
70.6
70.4
68.5
79.2
26.7
27.6
37.5
20.7
22.4
18.2
17.6
18.3
20.2
16.2
8.0
8.3
3.8
10.3
8.1
1.58
.64
1.68
.46
1.46
Females, 16 years and over . . . .
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,701
909
409
1,016
368
2,370
616
409
981
364
22.6
32.6
23.7
17.4
18.7
5.5
6.3
4.4
6.8
1.6
71.5
68.7
80.4
68.7
73.9
30.3
36.7
30.3
29.4
22.0
11.3
13.3
10.8
10.1
11.5
NOTE: See note, table A-15.
34
.
5. 1
6.5
4. 2
3.8
7.4
1.46
.64
1.54
.36
1 35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-T7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time worker*
Total
Dec.
1977
,
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
A-18.
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Poroofit distribution
Dec.
1978
D&c.
1977
Dec.
1978
5,880
Total. 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Thousands of parsons
Percent distribution
Thousands of parsons
Duration of unemployment
5,725
100.0
100.0
4,563
4,3 02
100.0
100.0
2,361
1,951
1,332
619
1,568
791
777
373
4 04
2,553
2,015
1,431
584
1,157
706
451
207
244
40.2
33.2
22.7
10.5
26.7
13.5
13.2
6.3
6.9
44.6
35.2
25.0
10.2
20.2
12.3
7.9
3.6
4.3
1,660
1,524
1,045
479
1,380
702
678
322
356
1,794
1,534
1,116
419
974
578
396
186
210
36.4
33.4
22.9
10.5
30.2
15.4
14.9
7.1
7.8
41.7
35.7
25.9
9.7
22.6
13.4
9.2
4.3
4.9
14.1
7.4
11.0
6.1
15.3
8.4
12.0
6.6
Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Thousands of persons
Less than
5 weeks
Sex, age, race, and marital status
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks
Median
duration,
in weeks
Less than 5 weeks as a 15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed percent of unemployed
in group
in group
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
6.1
5.3
5.0
6.1
6.5
6.6
7.4
6.8
6.7
40.2
47.0
49.3
39.6
40.1
35.4
32.4
33.5
37.7
44.6
48.6
50.3
44.2
42. 4
42.2
41.5
41.5
40.3
26.7
18.6
17.9
23.5
25.8
34.3
36.7
35.2
42.7
20.2
14.8
13.8
19.4
21.6
25.3
25.6
26.1
21.6
6.4
5.6
5.4
6.0
7. 1
6.6
7.9
8.0
7.2
38.0
43.7
46.4
36.4
35.6
33.8
35.5
31.3
44. 1
42.5
46.6
47. 4
45.1
38.0
40.0
40.6
37.0
(D
26.4
19.5
18.4
24.6
28.9
38.8
36.9
39.5
37.6
21.7
14.2
13.0
20.3
25.1
27.9
27.6
28.1
5.7
4.9
4.6
6.2
5.7
6.5
6.6
5.6
5.6
42.6
51.0
52.9
43.3
45.0
36.7
29. 1
36.4
46.9
51. 1
53.8
43.2
46.9
44.2
42.4
46.8
24.7
17.4
17.3
22.2
22.5
30.1
36.5
29.2
d)
(D
18.5
15.6
14.8
17.7
18.1
22.9
23.4
23.8
(II
41. 4
40.2
42.9
46.4
44.5
48.7
25.3
26. 1
24.4
18.3
19.3
17.2
36.0
29.9
41.9
38.4
35.2
41.6
31.1
36.5
25.8
26.6
30.5
22.7
December 1978
2,553
990
727
566
565
288
232
134
41
2,015
744
520
466
479
222
164
105
39
706
210
145
140
183
103
78
44
13
451
92
55
108
104
69
65
40
9
1,285
521
380
312
254
127
120
64
27
1,082
438
316
236
247
102
94
61
23
390
114
82
81
107
51
40
17
13
267
45
22
64
61
38
41
33
9
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,701
919
644
587
662
365
263
150
31
1,268
469
347
254
310
161
112
70
14
933
306
202
230
232
120
90
44
16
316
96
63
60
76
52
38
27
184
47
32
44
44
31
23
9
-
White, 16 years and over.
Males
Females
4,422
2,371
2,051
2,053
1,055
998
1,558
858
700
494
270
224
317
188
129
10.3
11.0
9.5
5.7
5.9
5.3
Black and other, 16 years and over
Males
Females
(1,303
653
650
500
230
270
456
224
232
212
120
92
134
79
55
13.5
14.9
12.1
8.3
9.7
6.9
1,061
412
395
142
112
12.8
6.9
39.1
38.9
30. 1
23.9
293
1,670
123
750
92
595
41
207
37
118
15*3
10.6
6.6
6.0
28.5
38.9
41.8
44.9
37.7
25.0
26*8
19.5
1,224
570
437
146
71
9.1
5.6
41.1
45.6
23.5
17.8
507
970
233
465
158
338
68
102
47
66
12*0
10.4
6.4
5.5
38.9
46 .6
46.1
47.9
28.5
24.4
22.7
17.3
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
MilM, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
Female*, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
5,725
2,036
1,447
1,281
1,331
682
558
324
103
3,024
1, 117
803
693
669
318
295
174
72
11.0
8.9
8.4
10.8
11.5
12.1
14.5
13.4
13.8
11.8
8.7
8.0
10.9
13. 1
12.9
16.2
16.6
17.0
10.1
9.2
8.8
10.5
9.8
11,3
12.5
9.6
6. 1
(D
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-isi. unempioyea persons c>y auraiMin, occupaxi on, ana melusxry OT iaSX
JOD
Thousands of parsons
Avarage
(maan)
Occupation and industry
Total
Lass than
5 waaks
15 to 26
WMkl
5 to 14
WMkl
Median
duration,
in waaks
duration,
inwaaks
Lass than 5 waaks
asaparcantof
group
15 waaks and ovar
asaparcantof
1 in Voup
UffivtsipVOyl d i n
and over
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
December 1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
OCCUPATION
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
. . . .
.. .
Service workers
1,537
582
205
751
589
561
242
145
191
95
304
225
75
260
102
22
119
64
13
68
12.4
13.5
10.5
12.0
8.7
5.6
7.6
36.4
30.7
36.1
40.6
38.3
32.8
46.2
40.4
30.6
35.3
31.1
27.4
25.2
28.5
17-0
24.9
2,347
640
896
219
593
1,124
320
405
106
293
789
218
296
71
204
259
61
111
25
62
174
41
84
16
34
10. 1
9.6
11.0
10.8
9.0
5.4
5.0
5.9
5.4
5.1
42.7
42.0
43.2
51.5
39.3
47.9
50.0
45.2
48.3
49.4
24.6
25.4
22.9
20.4
28.0
18.5
15.9
21.7
19.0
16.2
1,052
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales workers
• • .
Clerical workers
467
404
109
71
10.6
6.1
39.8
44.4
26.9
17.2
7.8
INDUSTRY 1
74
64
7
5.8
4.9
638
1,160
58 3
57 7
200
1,199
1,397
186
347
512
224
288
84
554
546
59
209
391
208
182
58
438
535
69
46
155
85
70
29
134
195
45
37
103
66
37
29
73
122
13
9.0
10.9
12.1
9.6
14.8
9.7
12.0
12.1
4.6
6.0
6.9
5.0
7.4
5.7
7.5
8.9
46.4
51.6
39.0
38.9
39.2
46.0
38.9
36.7
35.5
50.6
54.4
44.1
38.5
49.9
42.0
46.2
39.1
31.9
12.6
20.7
28.9
27.9
30.3
25.0
25.4
29.1
30.2
13.0
22.2
25.8
18.5
29.1
17.3
22.5
31.1
678
322
210
89
59
12.6
5.7
40.1
47.4
27.1
21.7
146
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
. . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
No previous work experience
5.2
Includes wage and salary workers only.
A - 2 0 . Employed persons by sex and age
Age and type of industry
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec,
1978
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
92 # 623
7,580
3,053
4,527
13,098
57,915
23,877
17,603
16,435
11,156
6,949
4,206
2,876
95,906
7,736
3,131
4,605
13,681
60,099
25,252
18,351
16,496
11,414
7,070
4,344
2,976
54,524
4,010
1, 642
2,368
7,059
34,781
14,340
10,516
9,925
6,854
4,214
2,640
1,820
55,668
3,955
1,585
2,369
7,317
35,539
14,879
10,833
9,827
6,986
4,294
2,692
1,872
-38,099
3,570
1,411
2,158
6,039
23,134
9,537
7,087
6,510
4,302
2,735
1,567
1,055
40,239
3,782
1,546
2,236
6,365
24,560
10,373
7,518
6,669
4,428
2,776
1,652
1, 104
Nonagricuttural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
89,710
7,293
2,919
4,374
12,792
56,424
23,352
17,149
15,922
10,650
6,649
4,001
2,551
92,916
7,4 75
3,0 12
4,463
13,361
58,497
24,655
17,848
15,995
10,915
6,793
4,122
2,667
52,086
3,764
1,528
2,236
6,803
33,580
13,924
10,149
9,507
6,413
3,956
2,457
1,526
53,208
3,745
1,489
2,256
7,055
34,250
14,389
10,442
9,420
6,563
4,069
2,494
1,595
37,623
3,529
1,391
2,139
5,989
22,843
9,427
7,000
6,415
4,237
2,693
1,544
1,025
39,708
3,73 0
1,524
2,207
6,307
24,247
10,266
7,406
6,575
4,352
2,72 4
1,628
1,072
2,914
286
134
152
3 05
1,491
525
453
513
506
300
206
325
2,990
262
119
143
320
1,601
597
503
501
499
278
222
308
2,438
246
113
132
256
1,201
416
367
418
441
258
183
295
2,460
210
97
113
262
1,288
490
391
407
423
226
197
276
476
40
21
20
50
291
109
87
95
65
42
23
30
53 0
51
22
29
58
312
108
112
93
76
52
24
32
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and .over
36
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-21. Employed persons by occupation, sex r and age
[In thousands]
Milts, 20 ytsrs m d over
Dec.
1977
Females, 20 years and over
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Males, 16-19 years
Dec.
1977
Females, 16-19 yeaxs
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
92,623
95,906
50,514
5(1,7(13
34,530
36,457
4,010
3,955
3,570
3,782
46,961
48,852
21,857
22,381
22,575
23,795
673
665
1,878
2,011
14,179
2,646
3,170
8,363
14,870
2,717
3,232
8,921
8,017
905
881
8,267
923
904
6,440
5,995
1,727
2,270
1,998
6,395
1,774
2,291
2,330
89
5
4
80
111
2
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, except retail trade .
9,982
8,180
936
866
10,289
8,513
858
916
7,676
6,263
656
757
7,813
6,429
604
2,222
1,839
2,368
56
780
107
1,985
251
133
51
4
1
57
2
5
Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries . .
6,039
3,355
2.684
6,337
3,436
2,901
2,999
960
2,0 39
3, 159
1,031
2/129
2,308
1,730
577
2,460
239
204
34
16,780
4,710
12,070
17,356
4,772
3, 142
12,051
76
3,066
4,260
7,791
12,572
4,325
8,247
289
12,584
3,165
77
3,088
30,600
3(1,654
22,991
23,510
5,031
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
•
All other
12,208
1,260
2,498
3,306
1,172
12,597
1,259
2,510
3,361
1,322
11,210
1,179
2,39 3
3,140
1,106
1 1 , 415
1,187
2,380
3,151
1,230
1,615
2,357
1,707
2,438
1,461
1,929
Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries
10,441
4,755
3,347
2,338
10,863
4,944
3,535
2,383
3,539
2,965
574
4,413
807
1,012
2,593
12,616
White-collar worken .
Professional and technical
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Clerical workers
Stenographers', typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other
..
Nonfarm laborers .
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . ,
Other industries .
Service workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
6,231
223
184
39
494
460
34
49 5
459
36
283
267
5
262
1,276
366
910
1,374
36 5
1,009
5,476
2,176
2,202
403
535
3
10
34
32
675
6
27
53
48
426
76
93
458
65
96
130
30
152
44
37
2
1
1
2
1,516
1,951
138
318
182
356
13
82
9
92
4
28
5,646
3,930
1,245
1,372
5,835
3,0 20
1,384
1,432
3,874
1,421
1,866
4,097
1,589
1,916
592
641
239
101
300
260
94
103
63
289
98
587
660
211
133
316
3,617
3,088
529
3,107
2,588
520
3,122
233
30 1
2J7
145
24
9
7
1
24
18
21
189
153
37
169
281
16
4,577
834
1,146
3,137
673
854
388
10
2,597
3,028
646
760
1,622
12,942
3,777
1,272
11,344
4,119
1,338
5,887
1,180
11,762
4,249
1,407
6 , 106
2,426
2,459
1,392
20
3,757
747
1,210
2,644
477
1,610
3,921
11
3,909
742
1,257
1,762
698
1,910
126
251
239
6,625
6,843
948
910
1,266
981
5,644
2,105
110
3,429
927
5,916
2,231
11
937
13
897
567
26
3 04
260
299
343
121
3,564
1,034
809
225
1,045
828
217
59 1
567
24
901
148
113
639
666
579
16
342
934
137
131
178
3
13
81
1,006
687
2
317
76
114
6 22
598
24
222
84
138
228
94
135
49
1
6
5
38
133
58
6
134
7
14
83
1,268
228
1,040
70 8
3
329
37
19
19
1,279
466
25
213
1,901
1,414
6
402
16
147
1,298
Farm laborers and supervisors
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers
97
18
25
54
44
42
1
1,890
Farmers and farm managers
13
55
27
26
276
1,800
Farm workers
12
97
13
9
194
143
51
2
160
110
49
26
15
11
35
26
9
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
[Percent distribution]
Occupation and race
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
D«c.
1977
D«c.
1976
Dec
1977
Dec.
1979
92,623
100.0
95,936
100.0
54,524
100.0
55,668
100.0
38,099
100.0
40,239
100*0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
50.7
15.3
10.8
6.5
18.1
50.9
15.5
10* 7
6.6
18. 1
41.3
14.9
14.2
5.9
6.3
41.4
15.0
14.1
6. 1
6.1
64.2
15.9
5.9
7.4
35.0
64.1
16*1
4.0
7.3
34.7
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
33.0
13.2
11.3
3.8
4.8
33.0
13.1
11.3
3.8
4. 8
46.2
21.3
11.6
6.0
7.2
46.2
21.3
11.6
5.9
7.3
14.3
1.5
10.9
.6
1.3
14.8
1.8
10.9
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
13.6
1.4
12.2
13. 5
1 -2
12.3
8.7
.1
8.6
8.7
(D
8.6
20.7
3*3
17.5
20.2
2.9
17.3
2.6
1.5
1.1
2.6
1.5
1, 1
3.9
2.4
1.4
3.7
2.3
1.4
.9
.2
.7
.9
.3
.7
82,375
100.0
85, 133
100.0
49,070
100.0
49,976
100.0
33,304
100.0
35,158
100.0
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers 8nd supervisors . . .k
1*3
Whit*
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
52.4
15.6
11.6
7.0
18.2
52. 6
15.9
11.5
7. 1
18.2
42.8
15.4
15.2
6.3
6.0
43.1
15.6
15.0
6.5
5.9
66.6
16.1
6.3
8.0
36.2
66.3
16.3
6.4
7.9
35.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
32.6
13.7
10.9
3.7
32.6
13.7
10.8
3.6
4.4
45.4
21.9
11.3
5.7
6.5
45.4
22.0
11.2
5.6
6.6
13.8
1.6
10.3
.7
1.3
14.3
1.9
10.3
•8
1.2
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
12.3
1.0
11.3
12.2
.9
11.3
7.9
(1)
7.9
7.8
(D
7.7
18.8
2.5
16.3
18.5
2.2
16.3
2.7
1.6
1.0
2. 6
1.6
1.0
3.9
2.6
1.3
3.7
2.5
1*2
.9
.2
.7
1.0
.3
.7
10,249
100.0
10,773
100.0
5,453
100.0
5,692
100.0
4,795
100.0
5,081
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
36.9
12.6
4.3
2.7
17.3
37.4
12.3
4.9
3.0
17.3
27.6
10.5
5.3
2.7
9.2
26.8
10.0
6.7
2.4
7.7
47.5
15. 1
3. 1
2.6
26.7
49.4
14.9
3.0
3.6
27.9
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
36.5
9.2
14.4
4.8
8.1
36.6
8.9
15.2
4.9
7.7
53.3
16.5
14.0
8.8
14.0
52.9
15.6
15.5
8.5
13.2
17.4
.9
14.7
.4
1.4
38.3
1.3
14.8
.8
1.5
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
24.3
4.2
20.2
23.7
3.6
20. 1
15.6
.2
15.4
16.5
.1
16.4
34*3
8.7
25.6
31.8
7.5
24.3
2.3
.4
1.8
2.3
-5
1.8
3.6
.7
2.8
.1
.7
.5
.2
.3
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and-supervisors
Black and other
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
38
3.9
.8
3. 1.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23. Employed persons by cless of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]
December 1971
Age and sex
Waft and salary workers
Unpaid
workers
Self
employed
Waft and
salary
workers
Serf
Employed
Unpaid
family
workers
Total
Private
Household
workers
85,984
7,344
2,960
4,385
13,035
23,146
16,238
(14,450
9,706
6,090
3,617
2,062
1,338
270
206
64
83
157
140
253
245
133
111
191
15,572
530
175
355
1,554
4,495
3,470
3,103
2,084
1,323
762
336
69,073
6,545
2,580
3,965
11,397
18,496
12,628
11,095
7,377
4,634
2,744
1,535
6,506
109
43
65
305
1,430
1,499
1,429
1,156
664
492
579
427
22
9
13
22
77
110
116
53
40
13
27
4,226
174
76
98
217
305
197
154
130
70
60
50
1,534
29
11
18
82
258
265
3 06
347
190
157
247
231
59
3(1
27
21
35
42
40
22
18
4
12
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
48,553
3,668
1,464
2,204
6,847
13,411
9,376
8,373
5,698
3,550
2,148
1,180
138
45
41
4
11
8
8
9
25
16
9
33
7,783
228
72
155
626
2,178
1,790
1,630
1,131
723
408
200
40,633
3,395
1,350
2,045
6,210
11,225
7,578
6,735
4,542
2,811
1,730
947
4,632
63
19
44
202
977
1,066
1,046
865
517
348
413
24
14
6
8
6
1
1,400
25
9
17
75
237
226
292
315
166
149
229
74
50
25
25
17
2
2
2
986
135
63
72
170
251
163
115
107
59
48
45
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
37,431
3,677
1,496
2,180
6,188
9,737
6,862
6,077
4,008
2,539
1,469
882
1,200
225
165
61
73
149
132
244
220
117
102
158
7,789
302
102
200
928
2,317
1,680
1,473
953
599
353
136
28,441
3,149
1,230
1,920
5,187
7,271
5,050
4,360
2,836
1,822
1,013
588
1,875
46
24
22
103
453
434
383
291
147
144
166
40 3
8
3
5
16
76
110
115
53
38
15
24
240
39
14
25
47
54
34
36
23
11
12
5
134
3
2
1
7
21
38
14
32
24
8
18
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years . . . .
65 years and over .
..
Government
Other
1
2
,
—
2
157
9
6
3
4
33
39
40
22
17
4
9
A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]
December 1978
White-collar workers
Service workers
BltM-collar workers
Industry
Total
employed
Professional and
technical
workers
Managers
and
adminis-
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
except'
farm
Craft
and
kindred
workers
Operatives,
except
transport
Transport
equipment
operatives
51
238
3,354
4,296
2,814
1,482
32
250
286
8,479
4,944
3,535
36
41
200
791
380
412
209
21
834
1,146
702
445
1,349
1,478
323
1,155
132
965
167
798
1,529
744
389
355
444
1,293
250
1,043
122
1,428
—
1,428
281
2
685
2
683
30
227
9
218
49
61
446
(100
346
121
Nonfarm
riivati
household
workers
Other
service
workers
Farm
workers
Total, 16 years and over:
2,990
6,003
21,692
13,054
8,837
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
71
137
9 53
2,207
1,454
753
33
84
716
1,531
676
655
15
2
22
447
170
278
6,315
19,844
3,645
16,199
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
561
392
125
267
583
3,734
745
2,988
59
4,352
916
3,436
1,460
3,501
5,480
27,600
1,390
26,230
4,903
270
10,147
18
10,129
931
1,050
1,907
1,268
168
2,489
4,991
879
. .
....
69
91
403
2,556
1,458
1,098
693
2,808
10
1,907
652
168
4
4,981
1,796
—
—
1,180
1,180
—
14
14
35
438
257
180
199
3,385
36
3,349
218
6,421
71
6,350
1,040
2,459
—
--_
.-
—
—
----
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
(In thousands]
Nonagricultural industries
All
industries
Wage and salary workers1
Total
Raason not working
Paid abs«nees2
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
1,701
192
63 8
1,470
182
657
192
141
872
631
896
468
319
109
844
444
326
73
924
74
336
514
7 39
83
345
311
471
213
191
67
778
119
301
359
730
99
312
320
3,771
946
1,306
510
172
838
3,395
950
1,345
228
64
808
3,598
920
1,281
439
17 2
786
3,201
922
1,30 3
158
65
754
1,372
649
530
Males, 16 year and over
Vacation
Illness
.
..
All other reasons?
2,313
618
7 53
941
2,003
595
790
618
2, 152
595
733
824
1,832
572
752
509
Females, 16 years and over . . . .
Vacation
Illness
All other reason$3
1,459
327
552
579
1,392
355
&55
482
1,446
325
548
57 2
1,369
350
552
467
474
181
210
84
Excludes private household.
Dec.
1977
(1,313
656
517
Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
.
..
Industrial dispute
All other reasons
1
Unpaid ab»noe»2
3|ncludes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
2
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories
are included in all other reasons.
A-26. Persons at work by type o1 industry and hours of work
December 1978
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriculture
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriourture
92,511
89,715
2,796
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours
22,280
713
4,314
11,333
5,920
21,386
662
4,088
10,890
•5,746
893
51
225
443
174
24.1
4.7
12.3
6.4
23.8
.7
4.6
12.1
6.4
31.9
1.8
8.0
15.8
6.2
35 hours and over
35-39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
70,231
6,450
37,824
25,957
10,370
8,958
6,629
68,329
6,320
37,335
24,674
10,120
8,600
5,954
1,903
130
4 89
1,284
251
358
675
75.9
7.0
40.9
28.1
11.2
9.7
7.2
76.2
7.0
41.6
27.5
11.3
9.6
6.6
68.1
4.6
17.5
45.9
9.0
12*8
24.1
38.9
38.8
42.4
43.2
43.1
49.8
Total, 16 years and over
...
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time
schedules
40
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
[Numbers in thousand]
December 1978
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
Usually
work
part time
parttim*
22,280
15,516
21,386
6,378
15,009
1,303
1,017
67
128
91
1,749
525
2,868
1,377
1,173
888
65
1,695
489
1,224
128
91
1,206
1128
91
19,229
Other reasons
Does notwant, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad /eather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
6,764
3,052
1,542
67
128
91
1,224
Total, 16 years and over.
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment . .
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
5,462
13,767
11,671
18,518
11,314
5,204
664
176
664
1,958
988
14
71
65
11,671
677
2,162
1,162
14
72
1,364
2,107
677
1,986
1,162
14
72
23.0
26.2
20.1
18.6
848
5,072
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons . .
Other reasons . . . .
1,364
556
2, 119
988
14
71
1,334
2,015
21.3
20.8
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
1,551
487
2,861
361
2,211
1,206
13,314
99,314
161
1,510
1*334
505
21.5
20.8
23.4
26.3
20.2
18. 7
808
4,938
454
2,780
354
2*158
A-28. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
[Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Full- or part-time status
Industry
Average
hours.
total
at work
On full-time schedules
Total
at
work
Total, 16 years and over'
Wage and salary workers
On part time
for economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part time
40 hours
or less
41 to 48
hours
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
49 hours
or more
89,715
2,868
13,314
73,533
48,859
10,120
14,554
38.8
83,150
2,545
12,160
68,445
46,630
9,542
12,273
3 8*5
38.5
40.3
43. 1
4,597
203
240
4,154
3,119
413
622
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
20,833
12,402
8,431
512
177
335
686
295
391
12,916
7,70 4
5,211
3,416
2,126
1,291
3,303
2,100
1,203
41.6
42.2
40.7
42.8
43 lO
42.5
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
5,742
17,403
4,919
114
431
698
94
512
3,463
7,267
3,130
658
4,697
19,635
11,930
7,705
5, 197
12,006
4,313
2,010
549
1,076
2,731
634
41.2
36.4
38.6
43.5
43.9
41.3
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
24,099
1,288
22,811
4,746
872
169
703
41
5,339
696
4,643
244
17,888
423
17,465
4,461
12,961
294
12,667
3,329
1,852
38
1,814
519
3,075
91
2,984
613
36.1
23.3
36.8
40.5
42.3
43.3
42.3
41.9
6,138
427
306
17
1,004
150
4,828
260
2,093
136
540
38
2,195
42.2
37.2
48.8
46.9
Construction
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
86
Includes mining, not shown separately.
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
(Numbers in thousands]
December 1978
Sex, age, race, and marital status
On part
time for
economic
On
onfuN-tfa*
parttimt
TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
89,715
12,266
7,294
2,938
4,356
82,421
12,948
69,473
41,231
25,741
2,500
51,376
6,199
3,645
1,440
2,205
47,731
6,8 26
40,905
24, 156
15,270
1,479
38,339
2,868
659
379
99
281
2,489
601
1,888
1,113
668
109
1,232
314
184
57
127
1,04 7
273
773
478
250
45
1,637
344
194
42
154
1,441
328
1,114
13,314
4,979
4,004
2,512
1,491
9,310
1,832
7,478
3,830
2,443
1,205
4,080
2,279
1,860
1,188
672
2,220
727
1,492
432
399
662
73,533
6,628
2,911
327
2,584
70,€22
10,515
60, 107
36,288
22,630
1, 186
46,064
3,60 6
1,601
195
1,406
44,464
5,826
38,640
23,246
48,859
5,050
2,234
277
1,956
46,626
7,502
39,123
23,2 01
15,117
803
27,135
2,522
1,145
167
976
25,992
3,729
22,263
14,621
772
13,021
8,729
512
27,468
3,022
21,724
1,312
132
1,177
1,092
110
979
24,674
1,578
677
50
628
23,996
3,013
20,984
13,087
7,513
383
18,929
1,084
456
28
430
18,472
2,097
16,377
10,225
5,892
260
38.8
30.0
26.2
18.2
31.6
39.9
37.7
40.3
40.8
40.5
29.4
43.1
40.8
40.3
37.5
40.7
43.2
41.9
43.4
43.5
43.2
42.9
41.8
31.7
27.7
19.1
33.4
42.9
39.6
43.5
44.2
• 3.5
31.1
44.5
41.8
41.3
38.0
41.7
44.6
43.0
44.8
45.1
44.5
43.2
40.7
39.6
39.1
36.8
39.4
40.8
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.9
42.3
17,075
10,472
1,021
416
64
9,234
2,700
2, 143
1,324
820
7,090
1,105
5,986
3,398
2,044
543
White
Males
Females
79,670
46,173
33,496
2,358
1,025
1,333
12,144
3,67<l
8,473
65,168
41,477
23,690
42,237
23,704
18,533
22,931
17,773
5,157
38.9
42.1
34.5
43.3
44.7
40.8
Black and other
Males
Females
10,045
5,203
4,843
511
207
304
1,170
409
761
8,364
4,587
3,778
6,621
3,431
3,191
1,743
1,156
587
37*6
39.4
35.6
4142
42.1
40.1
36,033
3,989
11,354
604
135
493
1, 165
195
2,720
3 4,264
3,65 9
8,141
19,298
2,282
5,555
14,966
1,377
2,586
43.8
42.1
35.5
45 . 0
44 . 2
42 . 4
21,527
7,214
9,598
857
347
431
5,164
1,062
3,007
15,506
5,80 5
6,160
12,431
4,451
4,846
3,075
1,354
1,314
34.7
37.2
32.4
40 . 4
41 . 3
40 . 8
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,066
3,649
1,498
2,151
34,690
6,122
28,567
635
26,159
4,689
20,635
3,772
21,467
13,042
8,012
414
16,860
10,178
291
1,622
123
34.6
28.3
24.6
17.3
29.7
35.7
35.7
35.7
35.9
36.9
26.9
2,529
6,390
5,744
493
220
22
198
5,524
917
4,607
2,864
RACE
MARITAL STATUS
Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present . . ^
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
42
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and tax
[Numbers in thousands]
December
1978
On full-time scn«dul«
OcCUpVtiOflBI QTOUp 3TtQ M X
On part time
90,212
2,892
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
47,468
14,455
9,988
6,105
16,921
909
250
68
180
412
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
30,254
12,065
10,424
3,434
4,331
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
12,490
Total, 16 years and over
On valuntary
part time
13,400
40 hours
or ! • »
73,920
49 hours
or more
41 to 48
hours
49,102
10,154
14,664
36.8
40.0
25,672
8,051
4,356
2,522|
1 0, 743 |
5,059
1,615
1,461
572
8,867
2,874
3,718
1,212
1,062
39.6
40.4
46.5
36.7
35.8
43.6
43.7
47.7
44.1
40.3
1,250
321
491
158
280
2, 150
415
628
342
765
26,854l
11,32 9
9,305
2,934
17, 82 9 I
7,265 :
6,534 I
1,566|
2,466 |
4,312
1,847
1,556
494
415
4,713
2,217
1,215
874
405
40.1
41.4
39.9
41.4
35.5
42.6
42.8
42.0
45.3
40.8
1,137
11,353
733
140
592
4,289
620
3,669
7,468 |
377 !
7,092|
32.4
23.3
33.3
42. 1
42.8
42.1
41.9
41.6
44. 1
43.3
47.9
42.4
39.0
46. 1
45.2
48.7
45.7
42.3
40.8
41.7
41.5
42.6
35.4
43.0
42.9
43.2
45.4
40.7
653
36.6
17.4
36.7
43.9
34.7
43. 9
3,286
5,601 |
27 1 j
5, 331 |
51,730
1,254
4, 114
46,362
27,308 |
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
22,475
8,182
7,683
3,290
3,32 0
228
86
55
32
54
1,484
511
175
388
410
20,763
7,585
7,453
2,870
2,856
10,856
4,370
3, 107
1,432
1,946
2,968
1,027
1,089
412
441
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
24,576
11,366
6,236
3 , 118
3,656
867
301
187
127
252
1,499
313
305
203
677
22,210
10,752
5,744
2,788
2,927
14,166
6,858
3,658
1,468
2,184
3,676
1,745
1,076
477
377
4,679
22
4,657
159
4
155
1, 13 1
12
1,120
3,389
6
2,286
5
2,280
450
1
449
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
Females, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
|
i
!
i
|
6,939
2, 188
3,257
1,026
469
|
I
!
j
|
4, 368
2,149
1,010
843
366
I
3,382
653
38,482
1,639
9,286
27,557
21,792
3,060
2,705
34.6
37.4
24,993
6,272
2,305
2,815
13,601
681
164
14
148
357
5,478
1, 154
210
1,231
2,88 3
16,834
4,954
2,081
1,436
10,361
14,814
3,680
1,248
1,089
8,797
2,091
588
372
160
971
1,929
686
461
187
593
35.5
36.7
41.9
30.1
35.0
40.8
41.5
44.2
40.8
39.7
5,678
698
651
102
323
136
88
4,643
576
3,56 1
148
359
3,662
405
2,876
100
282
636
101
480
17
38
345
70
205
31
39
37.0
37.5
37.5
29.6
36. 1
40.
41.
40.
42.
41.
3,316
264
3,052
333
27
306
431
78
353
29.9
23.5
31.0
43.7
43.0
40.5
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
4, 188
316
475
384
20
304
30
28
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
7,811
1,114
6,697
574
137
437
Average hours,
workers on fulltime schedules
6,96 1
39,598
1, 665
12,540
385
9,53 5
1,619
4,306
3,29 3 j 13,216
783 ! 1,084
28 I
78
755 |
1,006
!
7,094
11,960
Males, 16 years and over
Average
hours, total
at work
3,157
608
2,549
4,080
369
3,711
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31. Employment status of 14-16 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands]
D«ce»ber 1978
Employment status
Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons
3,959
6,750
709
636
20
510
122
16.8
616
72
10.2
1,351
1, 194
111
1,083
157
11.6
681
578
91
487
103
15*1
3,379
8
61
3,250
44
3, 150
3
54
5,399
43
115
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
726
604
93
6,629
52
6,456
6
Civilian noninstitutional population
2,763
7
2,703
3
50
8,063
1,434
1,240
113
1,127
194
13.5
4,104
3,306
3
5,251
6
99
3,444
3,306
1,313
660
670
616
83
46
2
44
37
25
2
24
37
20
596
54
8.1
44.6
2,636
36
39
21
20
18
(D
(D
1,230
9
1,205
616
16
2,548
3
49
653
11
2
603
614
8
602
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
December 1978
Characteristics
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
CLASS OF WORKER
1,240
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage a n d salary w o r k e r s
. . . .
. . .
Private h o u s e h o l d w o r k e r s
Government workers . . . .
O t h e r wage a n d salary w o r k
Self-employed workers
. . . .
Unpaid family workers
. . . .
Agriculture
604
636
100.0
100.0
100.0
1,127
1,044
425
39
580
74
9
113
510
449
616
595
66
84.6
74.5
10.9
3.5
97.2
93.8
56.5
31
358
18
218
18
3
20
9
1
9
90.8
84. 1
34.2
3. 1
46.7
. . .
66
Self-employed workers
. . . .
Unpaid family workers
. . . .
8
40
Wage a n d salary w o r k e r s
21
362
56
5
93
56
6
5.3
.6
3.2
.8
15.4
9.3
1.0
5.1
2.8
34.4
2.8
.5
3.2
1.4
.2
1.4
6.0
.7
9.1
60.0
9.3
OCCUPATION
1,240
604
636
100.0
100.0
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
296
13
186
110
6
23.9
1.0
30.7
1.3
17*3
213
71
157
22
56
49
17.2
5.7
25.9
3.6
8.8
7.7
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers . . . .
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
155
5
134
5
32
20
22.1
.8
5.3
1.0
15.2
3.1
12
12.5
.4
3.2
.5
8.4
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
681
395
286
193
157
489
359
130
54.9
31.8
23.0
31.8
5.9
25.9
76.8
56.4
20.4
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . . .
Farm laborers and supervisors . .
108
8
100
91
7
84
18
1
16
8.7
8.1
15.0
1.2
13.9
.2
2.5
Total
44
40
6
104
6
92
36
8
.6
.9
1.3
1.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
iNunriD6rs in tnoussnds]
1977
1978
Employment status
Bee.
Jan.
P€b.
Har.
Apr.
Hay
Jane
July
Aug
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population ' . .
Armed Forces l
*
Civilian noninstitutional population ! . .1
Civilian labor force
|
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
;
Percent of total population.. .!
Agriculture
j
Nonagricultural industries
i
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
159,736 159,937 160,128 160,313 160,504 160,713 160,928 161,146 161,348 161,570 161,829 162,033 162,250
2,124
2,129
2,121
2,122
2,113
2,118
2,098
2,116
2,122
2,123
2,117
2,108
2,122
157,608 157,816 158,004 158,190 158,386 158,601 158,830 159,032 159,226 159,447 159,707 159,916 160,142
98,748 99,215 99,139 99,435 99,767 100,109 100,504 100,622 100,663 100,974 101,077 101,628 101,867
62.9
62.7
62.7
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.3
63.3
63.3
63.6
63.6
63.3
63.2
92,561 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855
57.9
58.1
58.1
58.2
58.4
58.5
58.8
58.6
58.8
59.1
58.7
58.9
59. 1
3,304
3,280
3,334
3,363
3,274
3,243
3,424
3,377
3,351
3,406
3,374
3,275
3,387
89,257 89,560 89,767 89,948 90,430 90,710 91,216 91,069 91,372 91,604 91,867 92,476 92,468
6,187
6,292
6,153
6,092
6,063
6,156
5,864
5,964
6,176
5,836
5,877
6,012
5,940
6.3
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
58,860 58,601 58,865 58,755 58,619 58,492 58,326 58,410 58,563 58,473 58,630 58,288 58,275
Males, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ' . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Notin labor force
68,052
66,364
53,001
79.9
50,614
74.4
2,339
48,275
2.387
4.5
13,363
68,148
66,467
53,169
80.0
50,705
74.4
2,389
48,316
2,464
4.6
13,298
68,240
66,556
53,161
79.9
50,785
74.4
2,310
48,475
2,376
4.5
13,395
68,327
66,645
53,235
79.9
50,841
74.4
2,320
48,521
2,394
4.5
13,410
68,419
66,740
53,276
79.8
50,997
74.5
2,309
48,688
2,279
4.3
13,464
68,519
66,845
53,383
79.9
51,119
74.6
2,324
48,795
2,264
4.2
13,462
68,623
66,947
53,449
79.8
51,337
74.6
2,406
48,931
2,112
4.0
13,498
68,729
67,039
53,401
79.7
51,214
74.5
2,396
48,818
2,187
4.1
13,638
68,827
67,127
53,396
79.5
51,215
74.4
2,357
48,858
2,181
4.1
13,731
68,937
67,236
53,459
79.5
51,287
74.4
2,409
48,878
2,172
4.1
13,777
69,081
67,382
53,593
79.5
51,448
74.5
2,363
49,085
2,145
4.0
13,789
69,182
67,486
53,938
79.9
51,825
74.9
2,337
49,488
2,113
3.9
13,548
69,288
67,600
54,033
79.9
51,838
74.8
2,403
49,435
2,195
4.1
13,567
74,883
74,783
36,428
48.7
34,066
45.5
540
33,526
2,362
6.5
38,355
74,991
74,892
36,646
48.9
34,358
45.8
547
33,811
2,288
6.2
38,246
75,095
74,996
36,652
48.9
34,540
46.0
601
33,939
2,112
5.8
38,344
75,196
75,093
36,847
49. 1
34,678
46.1
621
34,057
2,169
5.9
38,246
75,300
75,198
37,085
49.3
34,874
46.3
600
34,274
2,211
6.0
38,113^
75,412
75,310
37,208
49.4
34,886
46.3
536
34,350
2,322
6.2
36,102
75,527 75,643
75,422 75,537
37,392 37,573
49.6
49.7
35,098 35,160
46.5
46.5
608
593
34,490 34,567
2,294
2,413
6.1
6.4
38,030 »37,964
75,753
75,645
37,543
49.6
35,312
46.6
581
34,731
2,231
5.9
38,102
75,873
75,764
37,921
50.1
35,691
47.0
597
35,094
2,230
5.9
37,843
75,998
75,889
37,860
49.9
35,726
47.0
587
35,139
2,134
5.6
38,029
76,110
76,001
38,095
50.1
35,887
47.2
571
35,316
2,208
5.8
37,906
76,227
76,119
38,217
50.2
35,990
47.2
591
35,399
2,227
5.8
37,902
16,802
16,460
9,319
56.6
7,881
46.9
425
7,456
1,438
15.4
7,141
16,798
16,457
9,400
57.1
7,860
46.8
427
7,433
1,540
16.4
7,057
16,794
16,453
9,326
56.7
7,722
46.0
369
7,353
1,604
17.2
7,127
16,790
16,452
9,353
56.9
7,763
46.2
393
7,370
1,590
17.0
7,099
16,785
16,449
9,406
57.2
7,833
46.7
365
7,468
1,573
16.7
7,043
16,782
16,446
9,518
57.9
7,948
47.4
383
7,565
1,570
16.5
6,928
16,779
16,461
9,663
58.7
8,205
48.9
410
7,795
1,458
15.1
6,798
16,776
16,455
9,648
58.6
8,072
48.1
388
7,684
1,576
16.3
6,807
16,768
16,455
9,724
59.1
8,196
48.9
413
7,783
1,528
15.7
6,731
16,760
16,446
9,594
58-3
8,032
47.9
400
7,632
1,562
16.3
6,852
16,750
16,436
9,624
58.6
8,067
48.2
424
7,643
1,557
16.2
6,812
16,741
16,429
9,595
58.4
8,039
48.0
367
7,672
1,556
16.2
6,834
16,734
16,422
9,617
58.6
8,027
48.0
393
7,634
1,590
16.5
6,805
Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ! . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagribultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population !
Civilian noninstitutional population l . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
The p o p u l a t i o n and A r m e d
variations.
Forces figures are n o t adjusted f o r seasonal
NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A-43 will not necessarily
add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
Full- and part-time employment
status
Dec.
1978
Jan.
Feb.
Bar.
Apr.
July
May
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Mov.
Dec.
FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
83,920
84,389
7 9 r 0 5 1 79,440
4,869
5.8
4,949
5.9
14,782
13,488
1,294
8.8
14,805
13,464
1,341
9.1
84,628 84,842 84,957
79,850
80,175
4,836
4,782
4,778
5.7
79,649
85,965
85,894 86,030 85,899 86,185
81,436 81,004 81,389 81,247 81,680
4,641
4,529
4,505
4,890
5.4
5.3
5.7
5.2
86,391 8.6,631
£1,900 82,034
4,491
4,597
5.
5.3
14,880 15,106
13,481 13,717
1,399
1,389
14,506
13,206
1,300
9.2
9.0
84,485
80,166
4,676
5.5
5.6
5.6
4,652
5.4
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
14,712
13,452
1,260
8.6
14,782
13,388
1,394
9.4
9.4
14,749
13,431
1,318
8.9
14,720
13,436
1,284
8.7
14,952
13,635
1,317
8.8
14,996
13,642
1,354
9.0
15,150
13,800
1,350
8.
15,205
13,802
1,403
9.2
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
89 ,468
85 ,013
4 ,455
5.0
89,747
85,125
4,622
5.2
48 ,103
46 ,477
1 ,626
3.4
48,202
46,492
1,710
NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
A-35.
Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1977
1978
Characteristics
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Bar.
Apr.
flay
June
July
Aug.
WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
87 , 0 6 5
82 ,350
4 ,715
5.4
87 ,474 87,423
82 ,661 82,718
4 ,813
4,705
5.5
5.4
87 ,554
82 ,902
4 ,652
5.3
8 7 ,902 8 8 ,168
83 ,303 83 ,499
4 ,599
4 ,669
5.2
5.3
47 , 3 9 2
45 ,510
1,882
4.0
47 ,468
45 ,568
1 ,900
4.0
47 ,525
45 ,649
1 ,876
3.9
47 ,577 47 ,668 47 ,810
45 ,837 45 ,915 46 ,144
1 ,740
1 ,666
1 ,753
3.7
3.5
3.7
47 ,710
45 ,992
1 ,718
3.6
4 7 ,707 47 ,684
45 ,996 45 ,968
1 ,711
1 ,716
3.6
3.6
47 ,791
46 ,098
1 ,693
3.5
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
31 ,376
29 ,589
1 ,787
5.7
3 1 ,612 31,619 31 ,701 3 1 ,955 32 ,055 32 ,214 32 ,343
29 ,855 29,979 30 ,123 3 0 ,279 3 0 ,303 3 0 ,490 30 ,565
1 ,757
1,640
1 ,578
1,676
1 ,724
1 ,752
1 ,778
5.6
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.5
32 ,265 3 2 ,602
30 ,574 30 ,912
1 ,691
1 ,690
5.2
5.2
32 ,677 32 ,809 32,981
31 ,074 3 1 , 1 6 1 31,287
1 ,603
1 ,648
1,694
4.9
5.0
5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8 ,297
7 ,251
1 ,046
12.6
8 ,394
7 ,238
1 ,156
13.8
8,312
7,099
1,213
14.6
8 ,328
7 ,130
1 ,198
14.4
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11 ,708
10 ,237
1 ,471
12.6
11 ,725
10 ,226
1 ,499
12.8
11,773
10,369
1,404
11.9
11 ,852
10 ,372
1 ,480
12.5
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
5 ,638
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5 ,134
504
8. 9
5 ,666
5 ,120
546
9.6
5,652
5,154
498
8.8
5 ,688
5 ,189
499
8.8
5 ,665
5 ,158
507
8.9
5, r713
5 ,208
505
8.8
5 r045
4 ,471
574
11.4
5 ,049
4 r 489
560
11.1
5,080
4,571
509
10.0
5 r 126
4 r546
580
11.3
5 ,114
,572
542
10.6
1 f 025
632
393
38.3
1 r 010
617
393
38.9
1,041
644
397
38.1
1 PO38
637
401
38.6
1,,023
661
362
35.4
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
47,492
45,640
1,852
3.9
8 ,370
7 ,187
1 ,183
14. 1
88 ,626 88 ,503
84 ,171 83 ,857
4 ,455
4 ,646
5.0
5.2
8 8 ,655
84 ,060
4 ,595
5.2
88 ,862 8 9 ,067
84 ,250 84 ,565
4 ,612
4 ,502
5.2
5.1
3.5
8 ,602
7 ,537
1 ,065
12.4
8 ,450
7 ,300
1 ,150
13.6
8 ,683
7 ,490
1 ,193
13.7
8 ,576
7 ,370
1 ,206
14.1
8 ,599
7 ,393
1 ,206
14.0
8 ,556
7 ,375
1 , 181
13.8
8,564
7,346
1,218
14.2
1 1 ,802 1 1 - 9 0 6 11 ,974
10 ,391 10 r 437 10 .537
1 ,437
1 ,411
1 . 469
12.0
12.3
12.0
12 ,010
10 ,533
1 ,477
12.3
11 ,994
10 ,616
1 ,378
11.5
12 ,084
10 .721
1 ,363
11.3
\2 ,122
10 ,7 49
1 ,373
11.3
12 ,163
10 ,746
1 ,417
11.7
12,153
10,758
1,395
11.5
5 ,721
5 ,250
471
8.2
5 ,703
5 ,228
475
8.3
5 ,692
5 ,195
497
8.7
5 ,759
5 ,286
473
8.2
5 ,808
5 ,327
481
8.3
5 ,829
5 ,345
484
8.3
5,86 7
5,376
491
8.4
5 , 142
4, 580
562
10.9
5 ,191
4 ,615
576
11.1
5 ,172
4 ,580
592
11.4
5 ,266
4 ,722
544
10.3
5 ,287
4 ,759
528
10.0
5 ,277
4 ,743
534
10.1
5 ,266
4, ,723
543
10.3
5,224
4,691
533
10.2
1. 051
649
402
38.2
1 r 062
672
390
36.7
1 ,135
725
410
36.1
1 ,036
699
337
32.5
1 ,038
676
362
34.9
1 ,037
679
358
34.5
1,068
678
390
36~5
1,062
691
371
34.9
8 r 445
7 ,281
1 r164
13.8
BLACK AND OTHER
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36.
Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
1977
1978
Soltctvd cstoQorits
Jan.
Feb. Mar.
June
Apr.
July
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec
CHARACTERISTICS
6.3
4.5
6.5
15.4
6.3
4.6
6.2
16.4
6.1
4.5
5.8
17.2
6.2
4.5
5.9
17.0
6.1
4.3
6.0
16.7
6.1
4.2
6.2
16.5
5.8
4.0
6.1
15. 1
6.1
4.1
6.4
16-3
5.9
4.1
5.9
15.7
5.9
4.1
5.9
16.3
5.8
4.0
5.6
16.2
5.8
3.9
5.8
16.2
5.9
4. 1
5.8
16.5
5.4
12.6
5.5
12.8
5.4
11.9
5.3
12.5
5.2
12.0
5.3
12.3
5.0
12.0
5.2
12.3
5.2
11.5
5.2
11.3
5.1
11.3
5.0
11.7
5.2
11.5
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
3.1
6.1
7.8
3.1
5.7
8.2
2.9
5.3
7.7
3.0
5.2
8.7
2.8
5.1
10.1
2.9
6.0
9.3
2.7
5.6
8.8
2.7
5.5
9.8
2.8
5.6.
8.0
2.6
5.5
8.0
2.6
5.3
7.5
2.4
5.5
7.7
2.5
5.6
7.7
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over'
Labor force time lost 2
5.8
8.8
1.7
6.9
5.9
9.1
1.7
6.8
5.7
8.6
1.6
6.6
5.6
9.4
1.5
6.7
5.5
9.4
1.5
6.5
5.6
9.2
1.4
6.6
5.3
9.0
1.3
6.5
5.7
8.9
1.3
6.8
5.4
8.7
1.2
6.5
5.4
8.8
1.3
6.4
5.2
9.0
1.3
6.2
5.2
8.9
1.2
6.2
5.3
9.2
1.2
6.2
3/. 9
2.7
2.5
4.7
5.4
7.0
5.1
8.1
5.5
10.7
7.7
4.1
3.7
2.7
2.5
3.9
5.1
7.3
5.3
8.4
5.4
11.0
7.6
3.9
3.6
2.5
1.9
4.4
5.1
7.2
5.0
8.3
5.1
11.3
7.2
4. 1
3.5
2.6
2.2
4.4
4.6
7.2
5.0
8.2
5.3
11.7
7.7
4.5
3.6
2.5
2.0
4.3
5.1
6.7
4.4
8-0
5.5
10.3
7.7
3.2
3.7
2.5
2.1
4.5
5.3
6.7
4.4
8.4
5.6
8.8
7.6
3.6
3.6
2-5
1.9
4.4
5.1
6.6
4.3
8.1
4.9
10.2
7.2
3.2
3.7
2.5
2.2
4.3
5.3
6.7
4.0
8.2
5.7
10.6
7.4
3.9
3.5
2.6
1.9
4.1
4.9
6.9
4.5
8.8
5.6
9-7
7.1
3.6
3-5
2.6
2.2
4.3
4.7
6.8
4.7
8. 1
5.2
10.5
7.4
3.9
3.3
2.8
1.8
4. 1
4.2
6.8
4.9
7.6
4.8
11.0
7-1
4.6
3.2
2.4
2.2
3.1
4.5
6.4
4.0
7.5
4.2
11.6
7.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
1.9
3.6
4.6
6.8
4.7
7.7
5.3
11.0
7.7
3.4
6.2
10.7
5.6
5.5
5.7
4.6
7.2
5-4
4.2
9.5
6.3
11.5
5.7
5.3
6.3
4.3
7.2
5.4
4.2
9.0
6.1
11.2
5.8
5. 1
6.7
3.3
7.2
5.2
3.5
9.7
6.1
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
3.9
7.3
5.2
3.8
9.7
5.9
9.8
5.4
4-5
6.5
3.8
7.1
5.2
3.9
7.9
6.0
9.6
5.7
5.1
t.5
3.9
6.9
5.2
4.0
7.9
5.7
9.5
5.6
4.9
6.6
3.9
6.4
4.8
4.0
8.4
6.0
9.6
5.5
5.0
6.3
4.1
6.8
5.4
4.1
9.6
5.8
9.4
5.6
5.4
5.8
3.8
6.5
5.2
3.6
8.7
5.8
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.1
3.6
6.7
5.1
3.9
8.7
5.6
11.2
5.6
10.8
5.1
4.6
5.8
3.3
6.5
5-0
3.9
7.9
5.8
12.1
5.0
4.4
6,0
3.3
6.8
5.1
4.0
7.7
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both texes, 16-19 years
White
Black and other
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagriculturai private wage and salary workers 3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
2
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons
A-37.
5. 1
4.6
6.0
3.4
6.7
4.6
3.9
9.5
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
1978
1977
Weeks of unemployment
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
flay
June
July
Aug.
2.645
1,913
1,648
813
2,742
1,903
1,641
838
2,649
1,880
1,559
894
2,789
1,909
1,488
787
2,747
1,856
1,486
809
2,862
1,842
1,404
723
2,967
1,873
1,314
668
646
2,795
1,895
1,234
625
609
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
2 # 783
1,861
1,268
663
605
2,719
1,789
1,317
732
585
2,833
1,774
1,196
685
511
2,876
1,979
1,208
726
482
Sept.
DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
835
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
803
665
701
677
681
2,772
1,908
1,266
674
592
13. 7
6.8
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
13.0
6.5
12.6
7.1
12-4
6.2
12.4
5.9
12,. 2
5.3
12.0
6.0
11.8
6.0
11.4
6.0
11.5
5.9
11.8
5.9
11.0
5.4
10.7
5.6
100.0
42. 6
30. 8
26.6
13. 1
13. 5
100.0
43.6
30.3
26.1
13.3
12.8
100.0
43.5
30.9
25,. 6
?4.7
10.9
100.0
45.1
30.9
24.1
12.7
11.3
100.0
45.1
30.5
24.4
13.3
11. 1
100.0
46.9
30.2
23.0
11.8
11.1
100.0
46.6
32.1
21.3
11.3
10.0
100.0
4b.2
30.4
21.4
10.9
10.5
100.0
47.2
32.0
20.8
10.6
10.3
100.0
47.1
31.5
21.4
11.2
10.2
100.0
46.7
30.7
22.6
12.6
10.0
100.0
48.8
30.6
20.6
11.8
6.8
100-0
47.4
32.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Last than 5 weeks
6 to 14 WMks
16 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over.
....
19.9
12.0
7.9
47
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 3 8 . Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Sex and age
Dec.
Ian
'eb.
Bar.
Apr.
Hay
Jane
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
HOY.
Dec.
6.3
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
IB to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years
26 years and over . .
25 to 54 years . .
55 years and over
6.3
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.9
15.4
17.8
13.7
10.1
4.4
4.5
3.9
Total, 16 years and over.
16.4
18.7
14.6
10.5
4.3
4.4
3.5
17.2
20.5
14.9
10.1
4.0
4.2
3.3
17.0
20.1
15.0
10.2
4.0
4.3
3.2
16.7
19.6
14.4
10.0
4.0
4.2
3.2
16.5
19.1
14.6
9.1
4.2
4.5
3.3
15.1
17.1
13.4
9.4
3.9
4.1
3.2
16.3
20.0
13.9
9.9
4.1
4.3
3.2
15.7
18.6
13.5
9.0
4.1
4.3
3.0
16.3
19.2
14.0
9.3
4.0
4.1
3.3
16.2
19.2
14.0
8.6
3.9
4.2
3.0
16.2
19.3
14.0
9.0
3.8
4.0
2.9
16.5
20.2
13.8
9.3
3.9
4.2
2.9
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.2
4.8
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
16.9 16.7
20.8 20.2
14.1 14.1
10. 1 10.0
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.2
3.2
16.3
19.5
13.4
9.3
3.4
3.4
3.3
15.3
18.4
13.1
8.0
3.5
3.5
3.3
13.7
16.8
12.0
8.4
3.1
3.2
3.1
15.4
18.6
13.0
8.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
14.8
17.7
12.5
8.8
3.3
3.5
2.9
15.5
19.1
12.6
8.6
3.3
3.4
3.0
16.1
19.9
13.2
8.5
3.3
3.4
2.8
15.9
20.1
12.7
8.5
3.1
3.2
2.5
16.7
20.7
13.6
8.9
3.2
3.4
2.6
5.4
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
IB to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years . . . .
25 years and over . .
25 to 64 years . .
55 years and over
5.6
15.0
16.6
13.7
9.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
Main, 16 yean and over..
15.6
18.1
13.6
10.4
3.6
3.6
3.3
7.5
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7.4
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.3
7.6
7.1
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.9
16.0
19.2
13.7
10.7
5.5
5.8
4.3
Females, 16 years and over.
17.3
19.5
15.8
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.9
17.6
20.1
15.8
10.0
4.8
5.2
3.3
17.4
19.9
15.9
10.4
4.9
5.3
3.2
17.2
19.7
15.5
10.8
4.9
5.3
3.1
17.8
20.0
16.2
10.5
5.4
5.9
3.2
16.6
17.6
15.0
10.5
5.1
5.6
3.2
17.4
21.6
14.8
11.0
5.4
5.8
2.9
16.8
19.7
14.6
9.2
5.2
5.6
3.2
17.1
19.4
15.6
10.1
4.9
5.2
3.8
16.3
18.4
14.8
8.7
4.9
5.2
3.3
16.5
18.3
15.5
9.6
4.9
5.2
3.5
16.3
19.6
14. 1
9.7
5.0
5.3
3.3
A - 3 9 . Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
INumbers in thousands]
1977
1978
Reason for unemployment
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Bar.
Apr.
Bay
Jane
Jaly
Aug.
2,681
69 1
1,990
852
1,857
827
2.711
742
1,969
861
1,812
915
2,589
719
1,870
896
1,802
880
2,562
691
1,871
858
1,878
912
2,556
637
1,919
877
1,750
905
2,614
701
1,913
828
1,793
892
2,379
636
1,743
853
1,785
816
2,536
696
1,840
855
1,870
871
2,459
700
1,759
840
1,743
875
2,362
683
1,679
849
1,930
816
2,456
644
1,812
812
1,721
825
2,372
746
1,626
825
1,754
872
2,442
715
1,727
871
1,937
826
100.0
43.1
11. 1
32.0
13.7
29.9
13.3
100.0
43.0
11.8
31.3
13.7
28.8
14.5
100.0
42.0
11.7
30.3
14.5
29.2
14.3
100.0
41.3
11.1
30.1
13.8
30.2
14.7
100.0
42.0
10.5
31.5
14.4
28.7
14.9
100.0
42.7
11.4
31.2
13.5
29.3
14.6
100.0
40.8
10.9
29.9
14.6
30.6
14.0
100.0
41.4
11.4
30.0
13.9
30.5
14.2
100.0
41.6
11.8
29.7
14.2
29.5
14.8
100.0
39.7
11.5
28.2
14.3
32.4
13.7
100.0
42.2
11.1
31.2
14.0
29.6
14.2
100.0
40.7
12.8
27.9
14.2
30.1
15.0
100.0
40.2
11.8
28.4
14.3
31.9
13.6
2.7
.9
1.9
.8
2.7
.9
1.8
.9
2.6
.9
1.8
.9
2.6
.9
1.9
.9
2.6
.9
1.8
.9
2.6
.8
1.8
.9
2.4
.8
1.8
.8
2.5
.8
1.9
.9
2.4
.8
1.7
.9
2.3
.8
1.9
.8
2.4
.8
1.7
.8
2.3
.8
1.7
.9
2.4
.9
1.9
Sept.
Oct.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
48
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[In thousandsl
t977
1978
Sexanda«e
0«c.
Jan.
Feb.
Bar.
Apr.
Totel. 16 years and
over
92,561
92,923
93,047
93,282
93,704
16 to 10 years
16to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,881
3,226
4,651
13,158
71,521
57,584
13,975
7,860
3,215
4,661
13,196
71,875
57,906
13,965
7,722
3,158
4,605
13,193
72,142
58,126
14,016
7,763
3,145
4,601
13,222
72,276
58,261
14,014
7,833
3,222
4,643
13,385
72,497
58,395
14,107
Males, 16 years and
over
54,922
54,992
54,943
55,042
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,308
1,806
2,492
7,176
43,454
34,785
6,689
4,287
1,785
2,506
7,159
43,554
34,937
8,629
4,158
1,723
2,463
7,139
43,641
3 4,949
8,676
4,201
1,759
2,448
7,200
43,622
34,957
8,676
37,639
37,931
38,104
3,573
1,420
2,159
5,982
28,067
22,799
5,286
3,573
1,430
2,155
6,037
28,321
22,969
5,336
3,564
1,435
2,142
6,054
28,501
23,177
5,340
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jane
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Hov.
Dec.
93,953
94,640
94,446
94,723
95,010
95,241
95,751
95,855
7,948
3,282
4,665
13,432
72,557
58,378
14,107
8,205
3,365
4,789
13,532
72,879
58,645
14,239
8,072
3,287
4,736
13,483
72,922
58,789
14,148
8,196
3,370
4,814
13,626
72,761
58,750
14,114
8,032
3,293
4,749
13,666
73,332
59,191
14,124
8,067
3,308
4,773
13,773
73,530
59,329
14,137
8,039
3,276
4,783
13,701
73,976
59,630
14,340
8,027
3,300
4,730
13,760
74,070
59,781
14,327
55,184
55,372
55,766
55,531
55,580
55,594
55,754
56,096
56,072
4,187
1,738
2,481
7,306
43,699
35,019
8,676
4,253
1,778
2,455
7,348
43,772
35,046
8,702
4,429
1,831
2,558
7,371
43,934
35,121
8,601
4,317
1,766
2,520
7,304
43,894
35,183
8,721
4,365
1,810
2,562
7,378
43,807
35,087
8,719
4,307
1,775
2,549
7,378
43,950
35,237
8,711
4,306
1,751
2,558
7,432
44,026
35,261
8,760
4,271
1,734
2,559
7,478
44,340
35,481
8,867
4,234
1,744
2,494
7,443
44,411
35,560
8,872
38,240
38,520
38,581
38,874
38,915
39,143
39,416
39,487
39,655
39,783
3,562
1,386
2,153
6,022
28,654
23,304
5,338
3,646
1,484
2,162
6,079
28,798
23 f 376
5,431
3,695
1,504
2,210
6,084
28,785
23,332
5,405
3,776
1,534
2,231
6,161
28,945
23,524
5,438
3,755
1,521
2,216
6,179
29,028
23,606
5,427
3,831
1,560
2,252
6,248
28,954
23,663
5,395
3,725
1,518
2,200
6,288
29,382
23,954
5,413
3,761
1,557
2,215
6,341
29,504
24,068
5,377
3,768
1,542
2,224
6,223
29,636
24,149
5,473
3,793
1,556
2,236
6,317
29,659
24,221
5,455
Hay
A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . .
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years . . . . .
55 years and over. . .
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .
Dec.
1978
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
6,187
6,292
6,092
6 ,153
6 ,063
6,156
5,864
6. 176
5,940
5 ,964
5 . 836
5. 877
6,012
1,438
1,540
1,604
1,458
813
806
777
796
1,543
3,205
2,685
1,477
2,992
2,532
1,351
3,215
2,740
1,399
2,991
2,538
561
511
476
474
464
436
1 , 557
786
775
1 , 298
3 , 015
2 , 569
438
1#59C
1,483
3,257
2,715
1 ,562
783
773
1 ,399
3 ,025
2 ,553
478
1 , 556
696
742
576
824
763
1 , 479
3 , 152
2 , 648
465
1,528
740
797
1 ,573
785
779
1 ,482
3 ,016
2 ,536
470
1,570
698
740
1 ,590
790
810
1 ,501
3 ,044
2 ,611
459
781
778
1 361
2W9 5 1
2 , 514
428
3,146
3,256
3,221
3 ,235
3 ,096
3,032
2,816
2 , 971
2,937
2 ,965
2, 971
2 , 923
3,044
759
360
396
766
792
394
393
832
845
453
403
802
841
445
402
800
817
421
383
747
768
401
370
640
704
369
348
679
784
404
793
418
367
696
1,618
1,302
1,618
1,316
1,551
1,261
1,575
1,286
1,426
1,145
1,506
1,256
1 .495
297
291
1 ,533
1 ,223
299
296
286
257
265
826
436
390
693
1r 505
1 , 237
253
810
436
371
699
1 , 413
1 , 188
230
849
455
391
730
326
1 ,582
1 ,304
283
712
1 , 4 87
185
305
756
389
367
708
3,041
3,036
2,871
2 ,918
2 ,967
3,124
3,048
3 , 205
3,003
2, r 999
2 , 865
2 , 954
2,968
679
338
344
717
748
346
404
711
759
360
403
675
749
345
408
701
756
364
396
735
802
376
426
711
754
327
394
720
772
383
384
635
1,639
1,413
1,587
1,369
1,441
1,271
1,565
1,3 93
185
1 ,483
1 ,313
171
1,640
1,454
214
178
178
769
365
406
703
530
325
213
731
350
385
605
1 , 510
1 , 332
185
746
345
407
662
1 , 538
1 , 326
198
741
379
368
676
235
1 ,462
1 ,307
176
792
420
385
767
1 , 665
463
1,
160
3 78
772
751
1,343
3,088
2,660
1,582
1,404
179
1,228
834
759
1,406
3,015
2,615
424
1,469
1,249
235
1,546
1,366
189
49
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1978
Selected categories
Jan.
Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay
June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct. Nov. Dec
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
92,56 1 92,923 93,047 93,282 93,704 93,953 94,640 94,446 94,723 95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855
38.653 38.653 38,677 38,459 38,575 38,596 38,621 38,635 38,534 38,782 38,806 38,944 39,039
21,412 21,567 21,704 21,672 21,713 21,694 21,749 21,837 21,737 22,133 22,194 22,274 22,297
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
,205 46,481 46,582 46,763 46,795 46,885 47,225 47,276 47,325 47,550 47,713 47,888 48,04G
,947 14,041 14,062 14,087 14,186 14,356 14,318 14,249 14,246 14,182 14,307 14,297 14,629
,913
,814
,531
,880
,215
,459
10,047
5,897
16,496
30,855
12,112
10,649
,556
,650
,650
,789
3,631 3,529 3,539 3,508 3,501 3,487 3,429 3,573 3,581 3,640 3,640
4,638 4,634 4,761 4,938 4,700 4,698 4,779 4,709 4,671 4,739 4,825
12,681 12,723 12,666 12,814 12,838 12,987 12,803 12,866 12,754 12,951 13,009 13,007
2,858 2,784 2,799 2,726 2,708 2,874 2,797 2,794 2,855 2,821 2,739 2,826
10,116
5,836
16,568
31,140
12,181
10,690
10,136
5,939
16,601
31,085
12,181
10,741
10,184
5,856
16,569
31,452
12,277
10,875
9,972
5,903
16,654
31,477
12,233
10,798
10,146
5,922
16,839
31,554
12,429
10,924
10,212
5,992
16,823
31,282
12,220
10,877
10,180
5,892
17,007
31,506
12,557
10,741
10,062
5,898
17,408
31,891
12,628
10,981
9,968
5,986
17,452
31,986
12,556
11, 178
10,030
6,192
17,369
32,202
12,646
11,177
10,217
6,092
17,102
31,962
12,610
10,887
3,449
4,645
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,384
1,603
345
1,394
1,603
338
1,366
1,595
322
1,398
1,558
382
1,406
1,555
295
1,434
1,577
250
1,443
1,664
328
1,386
1,641
340
1,423
1,611
319
1,442
1,648
307
1,423
1,638
323
1,424
1,563
293
1,478
1,625
318
82,646 82,905 83,054 83,150 83,622 84,016 84,456 84,064 84,508 84,786 85,363 85,578 85,579
15,368 15,275 15,253 15,213 15,324 15,238 15,255 15,184 15,275 15,336 15,387 15,373 15,360
67,278 67,630 67,801 67,937 68,298 68,778 69,201 68,880 69,233 69,450 69,976 70,205 70,219
1,429
1,416
1,401 1,300 1,395 1,410 1,370 1,371
1,368 1,361 1,315
1,335
1,316
65,849 66,214 66,400 66,637 66,903 67,368 67,831 67,509 67,865 68,089 68,661 68,870 68,903
6,187 6,238 6,260 6,389 6,443 6,274 6,216 6,216 6,219 6,224 6,314 6,370 6,515
455
456
482
488
499
497
466
485
449
470
453
455
460
PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons
Usually work full-time
Usually work part-time
Part-time for noneconomic
reasons
83,556 83,573 84,096 84,434 85,797 85,401 86,011 86,102 86,350 86,329 86,511 86,653 87,046
68,542 68,862 69,211 69,495 70,481 70,090 70,723 70,929 71,205 71,085 71,318 71,394 71,787
3,208
3,045
3,203 3,184 3,310 3,247 3,433 3,316 3,298 3,203 3,164 3,131 3,058
1,246
1,962
1,109
1,936
1,160
2,043
1,238
1,946
1,211
2,036
1,409
2,024
1,347
1,969
1,350
1,948
1,283
1,920
1,167
1,997
1,279
1,852
1,209
1,849
11,806 11,666 11,682 11,755 12,006 12,064 11,855 11,857 11,847 12,041 12,029 12,128 12,201
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
50
1,231
2,079
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 39 years of age
[Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status
Dec.
1977
Dec.
1978
HOT.
1978
Dec.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978
Dec.
1978
VETERANS 1
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,620
6,307
5,966
341
5.4
6,363
6,073
5,795
278
4.6
6,336
6,071
5,739
332
5.5
6,620
6,315
5,972
343
5.4
6,461
6,182
5,807
375
6.1
6,440
6,114
5,819
295
4.8
6,391
6,065
5,775
290
4.8
6,363
6,058
5,767
291
4.8
6,336
6,079
5,746
333
5.5
844
743
656
87
11.7
664
593
529
64
10.8
653
589
489
100
17.0
844
746
661
85
11.4
736
669
577
92
13.8
722
619
555
64
10.3
676
590
535
55
9.3
664
583
516
67
11.5
653
592
494
98
16.6
2,618
2,478
2,337
141
5.7
2,175
2,079
1,956
123
5.9
2,148
2,059
1,941
118
5.7
2,618
2,493
2,344
149
6.0
2,297
2,152
2,000
152
7.1
2,256
2,128
1,979
149
7.0
2,203
2,079
1,940
139
6.7
2,175
2,073
1,942
131
6.3
2,148
2,074
1,949
125
6.0
3,158
3,086
2,973
113
3.7
3,524
3,401
3,310
91
2.7
3,535
3,423
3,309
114
3.3
3,158
3,076
2,967
109
3.5
3,428
3,361
3,230
131
3.9
3,462
3,367
3,285
82
2.4
3,512
3,396
3,300
96
2.8
3,524
3,402
3,309
93
2.7
3,535
3,413
3,303
110
3.2
914
892
868
24
2.7
1,299
1,258
1,229
29
2.3
1,335
1,294
1,256
38
2.9
914
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,167
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,199
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,263
N.A.
1,299
N.A.
N.A.
1,335
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
18,218
16,301
15,202
1,099
6.7
18,808
17,040
16, 127
913
5.4
18,880
17,048
16,063
985
5.8
18,218
16,473
15,346
1,127
6.8
18,583
16,819
15,856
963
5.7
18,654
16,913
15,936
977
5.8
18,733
16,939
15,960
979
5.8
18,808
17,128
16,140
988
5.8
18,880
17,225
16,219
1,006
5.8
8,437
7,041
6,403
638
9.1
8,451
7,182
6,641
541
7.5
8,459
7,129
6,577
552
7.7
8,437
7,206
6,527
679
9.4
8,417
7,195
6,603
592
8.2
8,426
7,214
6,619
595
8.2
8,441
7,260
6,673
587
8.1
8,451
7,307
6,722
585
8.0
8,459
7,291
6,708
583
8.0
5,781
5,450
5,161
289
5.3
6,338
6,001
5,749
252
4.2
6,379
6,036
5,727
309
5.1
5,781
5,451
5,170
281
5.2
6,172
5,864
5,598
266
4.5
6,227
5,899
5,649
250
4.2
6,295
5,916
5,653
263
4.4
6,338
5,973
5,703
270
4.5
6,379
6,040
5,738
302
5.0
4, 000
3,810
3,638
172
4.5
4,019
3,857
3,737
120
3. 1
4,042
3,883
3,759
124
3.2
4,000
3,816
3,649
167
4.4
3,994
3,760
3,655
105
2.8
4,001
3,800
3,668
132
3.5
3,997
3,763
3,634
129
3.4
4,019
3,848
3,715
133
3.5
4,042
3,894
3,773
121
3. 1
3,491
3,360
3,246
114
3.4
3,654
3,49 5
3,406
89
2.5
3,666
3,511
3,408
103
2.9
3,491
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,635
N.A.
3,645
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,645
N.A.
3,654
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,666
N.A.
20 to 24 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
N.A.
N.A.
fi.A.
H.A.
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
N.A. = not available.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
51
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
1976
1977
1978
Employment status
II
III
If
II
III
I?
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population l
Armed Forcesi
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
154,477 155,115 155,717
2,141
2, 144
2,159
152,319 152,971 153,576
93,081 93,735 94,453
61.5
61.1
61.3
85,379 86,506 87,299
56.1
55.3
55.8
3,324
3,307
3,296
82,073 83,210 83,975
7, 154
7,702
7,230
7-6
8.3
7.7
156,368 156,990 157,582
2,144
2,147
2,136
154,224 154,843 155,446
95,205 95,583 96,248
61.7
61.7
61.9
87,660 88,191 89,070
56.2
56.2
56.5
3,309
3,253
3, 170
84,552 84,937 65,900
7,345
7,392
7,178
7.7
7.7
7.5
158,223 158,898 159,531 160,126 160,715 161,355 162,037
2,135
2,132
2,130
2,110
2,120
2,122
2,115
156,094 156,764 157,399 158,004 158,605 159,235 159,922
97,106 97,607 98,538 99,263 100,127 100,753 101,524
62.3
62.6
62.2
62.8
63.1
63.3
63.5
90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 95,616
57.2
57.7
57.0
58.1
58.6
58.7
59.0
3,300
3,202
3,302
3,326
3,314
3,378
3,345
86,857 87,697 88,744 89,758 90,785 91,348 92,270
6,708
6,949
6,492
5,908
6,179
6,028
6,027
7.2
6.9
6.6
6.2
6.0
5.8
6.0
Males, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
65,543
63,828
50,973
79.9
47,585
72.6
2,379
45,206
3,388
6.6
65,827
64,139
51,076
79.6
48,061
73.0
2,366
45,695
3,015
5.9
66,090
64,400
5 1,397
79.8
48,404
73.2
2,402
46,002
2,993
5.8
66,385
64,690
51,672
79.9
48,633
73.3
2,363
46,271
3,038
5.9
66,711
65,014
51,888
79.8
4 8,786
73.1
67,023
67,321
67,641
49,156
73.3
79.8
65,635
52,293
79.7
49,538
73.6
2,295
46,490
3,103
6.0
2,259
46,897
2,973
5.7
47,210
2,755
5.3
65,949
52,448
79.5
49,843
73.7
2,304
47,539
2,605
5.0
73,468
73,746
74,079
73,984
65,338
52,129
2,329
67,951
66,261
52,891
79.8
68,238
66,556
53,188
79.9
50,777
74.4
2,340
50,397
74.2
2,335
48,062
2,494
4.7
48,437
2,411
4.5
74,770
74,671
75,094
74,9911
68,520
66,844
53,369
68,831
67,134
53,419
79.8
79.6
51, 151 51,239
7*1.7
74.4
2,346
2,387
48,805 46,851
2,180
2,218
4.1
4.2
69,184
67,489
53,855
79.8
51,704
74.7
2,368
49,336
2,151
4.0
Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
72,214
72,140
33,341
46.2
30,739
42.6
2,601
7.8
72,535
72,456
72,839
72,754
33,749
46.6
34,065
46.8
31,236
43.1
2,513
7.4
31,607
43.4
2,458
7.2
73,169
73,080
34,510
47.2
31,898
43.6
2,612
7.6
73,378
34,735
47.3
32,153
43.8
2,582
7.4
73,653
35,045
47.6
32,521
44.1
2,525
7.2
44.6
74,429
74,331
35,842
48.2
33,373
44.8
2,499
7.0
2,469
6.9
36,277
48.6
33,835
45.3
2,442
6.7
16,823
16,475
9,255
16,828
16,484
9,316
16,810
16,468
9,371
56.2
7,559
44.9
1,696
56.5
56.9
7,814
35,559
48.1
33,060
75,413
75,310
37,228
49.4
34,953
46.3
36,715
16,794
16,454
16,782
16,452
9,360
56.9
9,529
46.3
7,995
47.6
49.0
34,525
46.0
2,190
6.0
2,276
6.1
76,112
76,003
37,679 38,057
49.8
50. 1
35,388 35,868
46.7
47.1
2,291
2,190
6. 1
5.8
75,756
75,649
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
16,720
16,351
8,768
53.6
7,055
42.2
1,713
19.5
16,754
16,788
16,422
8,991
8,910
54.4
54.7
7,209
7,288
43.0
43.4
1,701
1,703
19. 1
18.9
16,376
16,815
16,454
9,024
54.8
7,329
43.6
1,694
18.8
16,812
16,451
16,813
16,454
8,960
54.5
7,252
9,073
43.1
1,707
19.1
55. 1
7,393
44.0
1,680
18.5
18.3
7,682
45.7
1,634
17.5
46.5
1,556
16.6
7,782
1,578
16.9
57.9
1,534
16.1
16,768
16,452
9,655
58.7
8,100
48.3
1,555
16.1
16,742
16,429
9,612
58.5
8,044
48.0
1,568
16.3
White
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
136,104 136,611 137,087
134,302 134,823 13 5,303
82,464 82,946 83,595
61.4
61.5
61.8
76,206 77,159 77,862
56.0
6,259
7.6
56.5
5,787
7.0
137,602 138,105 138,574 139,084 139,620 140,107 140,568 141,028 141,526 142,034
135,823 136,326 136,812 137,333 137,870 138,364 138,839 139,323 139,822 140,336
84,294 84,582 85,149 85,923 86,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427
62.1
62.2
62.6
63.4
63.7
62.0
62.5
62.9
63.0
63.3
78,342 78,640 79,417 80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901
56.8
56.9
56.9
57.8
59.4
59.8
57.3
58.6
58,.9
58.0
59.3
5,733
5,952
5,497
5,942
4,618
4,526
5,732
5,189
4,977
4,723
4,574
7.1
6.9
6.7
7.0
6.4
5.7
5.4
5. 1
6.0
5.2
5.2
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population 1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
18,374
18,017
10,663
59.2
9,199
50. 1
1,463
13.7
18,504
18,148
10,759
59.3
9,334
50.4
1,425
13.2
18,630
18,766
18,401
10,918
59.3
9,437
50.7
1,409
13.0
9,496
50.6
18,273
10,846
59.4
1,421
13.0
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations.
52
18,885
18,517
11,046
19,008
18,634
11,099
19,139
18,761
11,186
19,279
18,894
11,334
59.6
59.6
9,663
59.6
9,745
50.9
9,807
9,580
50.7
1,466
13.3
50.8
1,437
12.9
1,441
12.9
60.0
50.9
1,527
13.5
19,424
19,035
11,564
60.8
10,035
51.7
1,529
13.2
19,557
19,164
11,783
61.5
10,322
52.8
1,461
12.4
19,687
19,282
11,894
61.7
10,455
53.1
1,439
12.1
19,829
19,413
12,029
62.0
10,623
53.6
1,406
NOTE: Detail for tne household data shown in tables A-44 through A-53 and A-60 will not
necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
11.7
20,003
19,585
12,146
62.0
10,751
53.7
1,395
11.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
Full- and part-time employment
status, sex, and age
IY
1976
I
II
1977
III
IY
I
II
1978
III
IY
I
I I
III
IY
FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
79 , 6 5 0 80 ,056 80 ,580 81 ,003 8 1 ,595 82 ,007 82 ,723 8 3 ,205 8 3 ,761 84 ,501 65 ,255 85 ,941 86 ,402
73 . 3 1 3 74 ,240 74 ,805 75 ,092 75,615 76 .341 77 ,227 77 ,842 78 ,644 79 ,646 80 ,592 81 ,213 8 1 , 8 7 1
6 ,338
5 ,815
5 .911
5 ,6(6
5 ,774
5 ,979
5 ,496
5 .117
4 ,854
5 ,363
4 ,662
4 ,531
4 ,728
8.0
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.3
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.2
5.5
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
51 ,707 5 1 ,237 5 1 ,572 52 ,025 5 2 ,218 52 ,110 52 ,156 52 ,193 52 ,434 52 ,615 52 ,691 52 ,742 53 , 1 2 7
45 ,313 45 ,751 46 ,052 46 ,300 46 ,411 46 ,705 47 ,089 47 ,337 4 7 ,843 48 ,231 48 ,609 48 ,733 49 , 1 7 0
3 ,197
2 ,743
2 ,863
2 ,760
2 ,904 2 ,702 2 ,534
2 ,296
2 ,428
2 .192
1, 9 7 9
2 ,041
2 ,005
6.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.9
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16—19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
28 ,479 28 .711 28 ( ,886 29 ,094 29 ,479 29 ,654 30 ,030 30.348 30 ,465 30 ,811 3 1 .131 31 ,668 3 1 , 8 1 6
24 ,210 24 ,567 24 ,873 24 ,928 2 5 ,296 25 ,621 25 ,991 26 ,310 26 .575 27 ,232 27 ,520 27,972 28 , 4 6 2
2 .134
2 .072
2 ,083
2 ,019
2 ,007
2 ,092 2 ,017
1,945
1 ,805
2 ,019
1 ,790
1, 6 7 7
1 ,848
8. 1
7.2
7.1
6.8
6. 2
6.2
6.2
5.6
5 .803
3 ,789
1 ,007
21.0
5 ,922
3 ,922
1 ,000
20.3
5,896
3,,881
1,008
20.6
5 ,795
3 ,864
965
20.0
5,877
3 ,909
984
20.1
5 ,909
4 ,015
947
19.1
6 ,033
4 ,147
943
18.5
6 ,027
4,,195
916
17.9
5 ,979
4 ,226
877
17.2
5 ,929
4 ,183
873
17-3
6 .095
4 ,463
816
15-5
6 ,258
4, 509
875
I6-2
5 ,99C
4,240
875
17.1
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13 , 4 8 1 13 ,672 1 3 , 875 14,263 14, 0 1 3 14 ,257 14 ,362 1 4 , 406 14 ,770 14 ,766 14 ,831 14, 807 15 .117
12 ,086 12 ,279 12. 497 12 ,801 12, 5 9 4 12 ,753 12 ,909 1 3 , 0 4 5 13 ,398 13 ,435 13 ,468 13. 5 0 1 13 ,748
1 ,395
1 , 378
1 ,392
1,462
1,420
1 ,504
1 ,453
1 ,372
1 ,332
1 , 306
1- 3 6 1
1 ,363
1 ,369
10.4
10.2
9.9
10.3
10.5
10.1
10.1
9.4
9.3
9.0
8.8
9.2
9.1
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
2 ,507
2 ,279
227
9. 1
2 ,530
2 ,304
226
8.9
2. 587
2 . 349
238
9.2
2 , 556
2, 339
217
8.5
2. 5 9 8
2. 380
218
8.4
2 ,683
2 ,450
233
8.7
2 ,667
2 ,437
230
^8.6
2 . 717
2, 5 1 7
200
7.3
2 ,762
2 ,551
210
7.6
2 ,738
2 ,543
195
7.1
2 ,719
2 ,535
184
6.8
2, 699
2 , 512
188
7<-0
2 ,719
2 ,536
183
6.7
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6 ,993
6 ,534
459
6. 6
7 ,163
7, 162
7. 490
6 ,705
458
6 . 709
453
6, 970
520
7, 335
6. 8 6 2
473
7 ,457
6 ,929
529
7 ,527
7 ,045
482
7 . 486
7 , 040
447
7 ,748
7 ,272
476
7 ,733
7 ,311
422
7 ,883
7 ,409
474
7 . 831
7 , 391
440
7 ,918
7 ,434
485
5.6
6.1
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
3 ,981
3 ,273
709
17.8
3 ,979
3 ,270
709
17.8
4 . 276
3 . 598
678
15.9
4 ,480
3 r 779
701
15.7
4 , 127
3 , 440
687
16.6
4 , 216
3 . 491
725
17 . 2
4, 080
3. 352
728
17.8
4.117
3 ,375
742
18.0
4 ,168
3 ,427
742
17.8
4 , 203
3 , 489
714
17.0
4,261
3 ,574
686
16.1
4 ,295
3 ,580
714
16.6
4 ,229
3 ,524
704
16.7
1
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
53
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46
Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands)
1975
1976
1977
1978
Characteristics
If
II
III
II
III
If
II
III
If
WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
82,464 82,946 83,595 84,294 84,582 85,149 85,923 66,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427
76,206 77,159 77,862 78,342 78,640 79,417 80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901
6,259 5,787 5,733 5,952 5,942 5,732 5,497 5,189 4,977 4#723 4,574 4,618 4,526
7.0
7.6
6.9
7.1
6.7
7.0
6.4
5.7
6.0
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.1
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45.70 5 45,777 46,073 46,341 46,474 46,603 46,821 46,980 47,332 47,495 47,685 47,700 48,032
42,924 43,371 43,637 43,802 43,947 44,210 44,595 44,934 45,378 45,619 45,965 45,§85 46,356
2,781 2,406 2,436 2,538 2,527 2,392 2,226 2,045 1,955 1,876 1,720
1,715 1,676
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.4
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.5
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
28,918 29,214 29,470 29,852 30,058 30,358 30,774 30,948 31,311 31,644 32,075 32,403 32,822
26,820 27,203 27,505 27,789 28,016 28,369 28,838 29,046 29,462 29,986 30,357 30,684 31,174
2,098 2,011 1,965 2,063 2,042 1,988 1,936 1,902 1,849 1,658 1,717 1,720 1,648
7.3
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.5
6.8
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7,842
6,462
1,379
17.6
7,955
6,586
1,370
17.2
8,051
6,720
1,331
16.5
8,102
6,751
1,351
16.7
8,050
6,677
1,373
17.1
8,188
6,837
1,351
16.5
8,328
6,992
1,336
16.0
8,295
7,053
1,242
15.0
8,370
7,197
1,173
14.0
8,345
7,156
1,169
14.2
8,472
7,335
1,137
13.4
8,570
7,387
1,183
13.8
8,573
7,371
1,202
14.0
BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54
10,663 10,759 10,846 10,918 11,046 11,099 11,186 11,334 11,564 11,783 11,894 12,029 12,146
9,199 9,334 9,437 9,496 9,580 9,663 9,745 9,807 10,035 10,322 10,455 10,623 10,751
1,463
1,425 1,409 1,421 1,466 1,437 1,441 1,527
1,529 1,461 1,439
1,406
1,395
13.7
13-0
13.2
13.0
13.3
12.9
12.9
13.5
13.2
12.4
12.1
11.7
11.5
,
,
5,292
4,666
626
11.8
5,241
4,671
570
10.9
5,340
4,788
552
10.3
5,369
4,823
546
10.2
5,434
4,843
591
10.9
5,487
4,940
547
10.0
5,488
4,963
525
9.6
5,476
4,891
585
10.7
5,573
5,021
552
9.9
5,669
5,154
514
9.1
5,700
5,205
494
6.7
5,718
5,236
482
8.4
5,835
5,349
485
8.3
4,438
3.937
501
11.3
4,562
4,046
515
11,3
4,582
4,064
498
10.9
4,629
4,096
533
11.5
4,688
4,153
535
11.4
4,712
4,159
553
11.7
4,781
4,214
567
11.9
4,859
4,308
551
11.3
4,979
4,392
587
11.8
5,085
4,535
550
10.8
5,149
4,589
560
10.9
5,242
4,687
555
10.. 6
5,256
4,719
537
10-2
933
596
336
36. 1
956
616
340
35.6
924
565
359
38.9
920
577
342
37.2
924
585
339
36.7
900
563
337
37.4
917
568
349
38.0
999
608
391
39.1
1,012
621
391
38.6
1,030
633
397
38.6
1,045
661
385
36.8
1,070
700
370
34.6
1,056
683
373
35.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment ratet)
1978
1977
1976
1975
Selected categories
IV
I
II
IT
III
I
II
III
I?
I
II
III
IV
CHARACTERISTICS
6 0
6.0
4.1
6.1
5.8
4.0
5.8
16.S
6. 1
16.1
16.1
16.3
5.7
13.2
5.4
12.4
5.2
12.1
5.2
11.7
5. 1
11. 5
3.4
6.4
9.7
3.3
6.2
8.8
3.0
5.4
8.2
2.8
5.6
9.4
2.7
5.6
8.6
2.5
5.5
7.7
9.4
1.9
7.4
9.3
1.8
7.2
9.0
1.6
6.7
9.2
1.4
6.5
5.5
8.8
1.3
6.6
5.2
9.1
1.2
6.2
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
5.2
2.7
4.8
2.2
4.2
2.0
4.4
2.1
4.2
2.0
3.6
8 3
5.7
7.2
5.3
7.0
5.0
6.9
4.7
6.7
4.5
6.0
18.6
19.1
18.5
18.3
17.5
16.6
6.9
13.0
7.1
13.0
7.0
13.3
6.7
12.9
6.4
12.9
6.0
13.5
4.2
7.1
10.1
4o2
7.0
9.5
4.3
7.3
10.3
4.2
7.1
10.0
4.0
6.8
9.6
3.6
6.7
9.3
10.2
2.7
8.3
9.9
2.3
8.2
10.3
2.4
8.2
10.1
2.4
8.3
10.5
2.2
8.0
10. 1
2.0
7.6
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
5.5
3.0
5.1
3.4
5.5
3.0
5.3
3.0
5.6
2.9
5.4
5.8
5.9
19.5
19.1
18.9
7.6
13.7
Both sexes 16-19 years
Black and other
•
Married men spouse present
.
•
•
Women who head families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
6.0
7.4
5.9
7.0
13.2
4.9
7.3
10.2
8. 0
10.4
2.9
8.9
6.6
.
. .
4.2
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Managers and administrators, except farm
4.8
3.3
3.0
6.0
3 3
10.9
7.8
12.9
8.9
15.4
6.3
9.4
6.5
9.3
6.6
9.6
6.1
9.4
6.4
8.6
5.8
8.1
5.7
7.9
5.6
7.5
4.9
7.2
5.2
6.7
4.9
6.8
4.5
6.7
6.8
10.8
8.0
13.7
6.9
10.7
7.0
13.4
7.0
10.8
7.8
14.2
6.8
10.8
7.9
13.4
6.2
9.8
7.4
12.9
5.5
9.5
6.5
12.3
5.4
9.6
6.6
11.5
5.2
9.0
5.7
11.3
5.1
8.3
5.3
11.4
4.4
8.2
5.3
9.7
4.4
8.4
5.5
10.3
4.6
7.6
4.8
11.2
8.8
8.9
8.4
8.6
9.0
8.4
8.5
8.0
7.8
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.4
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.3
5,2
5.1
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.2
3.3
3.8
3.8
8.8
17.4
8^0
15.6
7.7
15.6
8.0
16.4
7.9
14.8
7.5
14.5
7.1
12.8
6.8
11.3
6.6
11.3
6.2
11.2
5.9
9.6
5.9
9.9
9.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.3
8.5
7.8
7.5
8.3
7.1
6.8
7.7
6.6
6.0
7.5
6.7
6.2
7.6
6.2
5.7
6.8
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.5
4.9
6.5
5.5
5.1
6.1
5.7
11.4
5. 1
9.3
8.0
8.1
7.9
5.0
9.1
4.8
8.6
4.9
8.4
5.0
8.8
5.2
8.6
4.9
8.5
4.5
8.1
4.7
7.9
4.6
7.5
3.8
7.2
3.9
6.8
3.8
6.7
6.6
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricuttural private wage and salary workers 3
Manufacturing
.
10.1
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.3
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.2
5.0
5.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers
10.9
10.8
11.9
11.5
12.7
12.6
11.8
10.2
9.7
9.5
8.1
9.0
Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons
4.5
5.9
3.3
6.7
4.9
3 9
8.4
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Im ludes mining, not shown separately.
55
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-48. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
1976
1977
1978
Weeks of unemployment
IV
I
II
I
IV
III
II
I
IV
III
II
IV
III
DURATION
toth sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks .
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
.
27 weeks and over
Average (mean duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
2,660
2,009
2,541
1,025
1,517
2,811
2,088
2,198
16.2
9.0
100.0
35. 0
29. 1
35. 9
16.0
19.8
.
2,766
2,264
2,735
1,191
1,544
2,951
2,058
1,896
2,796
2,101
1,831
2,773
1,991
1,730
2,727
1,897
1,563
2,794
1,869
1,385
2,848
1,876
1,272
2,809
1,847
1,240
942
844
1,185
1,052
901
929
862
869
840
723
735
650
652
620
714
526
14.8
7.4
14.6
6.9
13.9
7.1
13.6
6.9
12.7
6.6
12.2
5.7
11.6
6.0
11.2
100.0
40.2
30.2
29.6
13.1
16.5
100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
12.2
15.2
100.0
41.6
31.2
27.2
13.4
13.8
100.0
42.7
30.7
26.6
13.3
13.4
100.0
44.1
30.7
25.3
13.6
11.7
100.0
46.2
30.9
22.9
12.2
10.7
100.0
47.5
31.3
21.2
10.9
10.3
100.0
47.6
31.3
21.0
12. 1
8.9
2,837
2,292
2,294
1,032
1,262
2,887
2,171
2,126
1,311
2,856
2,246
2,299
1,060
1,239
16.5
8.7
15.9
7.9
15.5
7.8
15.2
8.0
100.0
36.9
27.9
35.2
14.2
21.0
100.0
39.6
29.4
31.0
12.5
18.5
100.0
38.6
30.3
31.1
14.3
16.7
100.0
38.2
30.9
30.9
13.9
17.0
887
5.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
A 49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1975
1976
1977
1978
Sex and age
IV
I
II
III
IV
18.8
21.0
17.3
11.7
19.1
21.4
17.4
12.3
I
II
III
IV
18.5
20.8
16.9
11.5
18.3
20.5
16.7
11.0
17.5
19.8
16.0
10.8
16.6
18.7
15.1
10.3
I
II
III
IV
16.9
19.8
14.8
10.2
16.1
18.6
14.1
16.1
19.3
13.8
9.5
9.4
16.3
19.5
13.9
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5.8
19.5
21. 1
18.3
13.4
19. 1 18.9
20.7 21.5
18. 1 17.1
12. 1 11.8
5.9
6.2
4.9
5.4
5.6
4.7
5.3
5.5
4.6
5.6
5.8
4.8
5.5
5.7
4.3
5.2
5.5
4.4
5.0
5.2
4.1
4.8
5.0
3.9
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.3
4. 1
4. 3
19.3
20.5
18.3
14.0
19.3
21. 1
18.2
12.2
19.5
22.1
17.6
11.8
18.7
20.9
17.0
11.8
19.3
21.8
17.4
12.4
18.2
20.3
16.7
11.4
17.7
20.1
16.0
10.8
17.2
19.9
15.2
10.8
15.9
17.8
14.5
5.4
5.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.6
5.0
5.1
4.5
4.9
5.1
4.1
4.6
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.4
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.7
9.8
3.9
3.9
3.7
16.4
19.7
13.9
10.2
4. 1
9.0
3. 9
4. 1
3.2
4.3
3.2
2.9
15.1
18.2
12.8
15.2
18.5
12.7
16.2
20.2
13. 1
8.6
3.3
3.4
3.3
8.8
3.3
3.4
3.1
8.7
3.2
3.3
2.6
K/laloc I f i v/oarc artH rtupr
IVIdlcS, I U ycdlb dl Id UVCI
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
56
9.1
8.7
3.5
3.6
3.2
8.4
8.8
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.1
7.9
7.2
7.3
7.3
6.9
19.8
21.9
18.3
12.7
18.8
20.2
17.8
12. 1
18.3
20.9
16.5
11.8
18.9
21.2
17.5
11.6
18.7
20.9
17.3
12.1
18.9
21.5
17.2
11.7
19.0
21.0
17.4
11.2
17.9
19.6
16.9
10.9
6.4
6.8
4.9
6.2
6.6
4.7
6.7
7.0
5.3
6.4
6.8
4.7
6.2
6.6
4.6
17.4
19.8
15.9
10.3
6.1
6.5
4.6
17. 1
20.3
15.0
10.1
6.0
6.3
4.4
5.8
5.0
5.4
3.5
17.2
19. 1
15.6
10.6
5. 1
16.4
18.7
14.8
6.7
7.1
5.2
17.4
19.7
15.8
10.9
6. 1
4.4
5.6
3.1
5.2
5.6
3.3
9.3
4.9
5. 3
3.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1975
1976
1977
1978
Reason for unemployment
I?
I
II
III
I?
I
I I
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
4,123
1,419
2,704
On layoff
Other job losers
3,603
1,006
2,597
3,623
1,063
2,560
3,636
1,084
2,552
3,607
1,012
2,595
3,341
3,085
3,048
2,846
917
840
855
763
717
658
693
2,245
702
2,424
2,192
2,063
1,903
1,858
1,759
1,722
2,621
2,516
2,452
2,423
852
827
871
954
880
908
912
864
877
872
853
1,879
1,877
848
1.816
836
1 r 931
1,976
1,869
1,884
1,831
1,776
1,848
1,804
862
860
872
1,953
93 5
1,976
858
953
981
948
871
902
871
854
841
100.0
53.7
18.3
35.4
11.0
24.3
11.0
100.0
50.3
14.0
36.2
11.5
26.2
12.0
100.0
50.5
14.8
35.7
12.2
25.3
12.0
100.0
49.2
14.7
34.5
12.9
26.1
11.8
100.0
48.9
13.7
35.2
11.9
26.5
12.7
100.0
46.5
12.8
33.8
12.7
27.5
13.3
100.0
44.4
12.1
32.3
13.1
28.4
14.1
100.0
45.3
12.7
32.6
12.8
27.8
14.1
100.0
43.9
11.8
32.2
13.5
29.1
13.4
100.0
42.1
11.5
30.6
14.0
29.4
14.5
100.0
41.8
10.9
30.9
14.2
29.5
14.5
100.0
40.9
11.5
29.3
14. 1
30.8
14.2
100.0
41.0
11.9
29.2
14. 2
30.6
14.2
4. 4
.9
2.0
. 9
Reentrants
3.8
.9
2.0
.9
3.8
.9
1.9
.9
3.8
1.0
2.0
.9
3.8
.9
2-0
1.0
3.5
.9
2.1
1.0
3.2
.9
2.0
1.0
3.1
.9
1.9
1.0
2.9
.9
1.9
.9
2.6
.9
1.8
.9
2.5
.9
1.8
.9
2.4
.8
1.8
.8
2.4
.8
1.8
g
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job l o s e r s . . .
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
A 51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1978
1977
1976
1975
Sex and age
Total, 16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . . .
Males, 16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . . .
»$, 16 years
and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years . . . . . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and o v e r . . . . . .
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . . .
II
IV
II
III
III
85,379
86,506
87,299
87,860
88,191
89 r 070
90,157
90,898
92,046
93,084
94,099
94,726
7,055
2,900
4,158
11,716
7,209
2,934
4,273
7,288
2,905
4,373
12,271
7,329
2,968
4,360
12,360
68,150
54,645
7,252
2,894
4,367
7,393
2,980
4,428
7,559
3,038
4,513
12,746
7,682
3,110
7,782
3,173
7,995
8,100
3,317
56,113
13,711
4,551
12,934
70,257
56,590
13,691
7,814
3,207
4,614
13,079
71,177
57,226
13,944
53,659
53,978
4,121
1,688
2,422
4,135
1,711
2,417
1,794
2,475
66,627
12,025
67,270
67,737
13,527
54,941
13,588
52,305
52,569
52,692
3,900
1,578
2,312
3,936
1,630
3,906
1,592
53,803
13,476
54,314
13,397
51,394
51,943
3,809
1,586
3,882
1,599
2,275
6,597
53,212
13,415
2,218
53,136
3,980
1,623
2,366
6,962
54,666
54,992
55,441
55,568
55,974
4,269
4,215
1,756
2,472
4,290
1,782
4,330
1,784
2,544
7,353
43,884
35,169
8,663
8,717
36,920
37,380
38,092
38,658
39,158
39,642
3,547
1,398
3,546
3,566
3,706
3,770
1,533
2,223
3,774
1,552
2,225
7,149
43,255
8,351
34,563
34,994
35,291
35,499
35,934
36,498
3,327
1,335
1,998
5,428
3,387
1,327
3,393
3,346
1,338
1,302
2,053
5,573
3,413
1,357
3,438
1,351
2,092
5,797
8,354
33,985
3,246
1,314
1,940
5,328
25,819
20,707
5,122
2,060
5,539
26,065
21,006
5,046
2,046
5,587
26,294
21,222
5,091
26,590
21,423
5,149
2,062
5,690
26,839
21,725
5, 117
27,259
22,066
5,166
73,859
59,580
14,266
35,062
8,726
7,059
42,779
34,252
8,529
8,373
13,745
58,910
14,129
7,166
43,606
34,948
8,660
42,583
34,047
8,525
6,949
4,622
13.204
72,098
5Q,098
4,766
13,592
73,005
4,270
1,743
2,537
7,451
44,259
35,434
8,833
33,749
8,446
42,191
8,044
3,295
4,762
13,998
33,518
8,439
33,097
25,415
20,364
5,042
2,314
13,563
69,842
6,853
41,944
6,732
4 1,672
33,309
32,849
2,313
12,652
69,030
55,474
95,616
3,290
4,699
13,450
72,644
58,473
14,151
6,773
41,856
33,423
8,436
41,451
6,388
41,211
12,426
68,533
IV
2,133
5,875
27,478
22,338
5,162
34,601
1,413
2,139
5,930
27,922
22,624
5,281
1,417
2,150
6,038
28,492
23,150
5,338
2,498
7,342
43,802
1,507
2,201
6,108
28,843
23,411
5,425
6,238
29,121
23,741
5,412
6,294
29,600
24,146
5,435
57
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52.
Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1975
1977
1976
1976
Selected categories
II
,111
IT
II
III
IY
II
III
I?
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
85,379 86,506 87,299 87,860 88,191 89,070 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 95,616
37,913 38,013 38,105 38,144 38,009 38,241 38,444 38,361 38,539 38,596 38,597 38,650 38,930
19,862 20,032 20,205 20,419 20,488 20,731 20,908 20,969 21,286 21,648 21,719 21,902 22,255
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
42,398 43,074 43,553 43,824 44,293 44,500 44,770 45,318 46,146 46,609 46,968 47,384 47,880
12,894 13,167 13,217 13,433 13,482 13,480 13,561 13,769 13,950 14,063 14,287 14,226 14,411
8,975
5,387
15,142
28,30 6
11,137
9,845
9,132
5,345
15,430
28,716
11,208
10,030
9,313
5,479
15,543
28,951
11,213
10,139
9,340
5,505
15,547
28,978
11,307
10,062
9,465
5,648
15,698
29,172
11,370
10,114
9,516
5,696
15,609
29,801
11,665
10,327
9,520
5,699
15,990
30,154
11,867
10,336
9,697
5,734
16,117
30,273
11,918
10,337
9,906
5,781
16,509
30,609
12,069
10,429
10,100
5,891
16,555
31,027
12,158
10,693
10,101
5,694
16,687
31,494
12,313
10,866
10,151
5,927
17,079
31,560
12,468
10,866
10,072
6,090
17,308
32,050
12,604
11,081
3,220 3,210 3,286 3,283 3,304 3,428 3,485 3,481 3 # 511 3,536 3,516 3,496 3,620
4,104 4,267 4,314 4,327 4,384 4,380 4,466 4,538 4,600 4,639 4,800 4,729 4,745
11,843 11,881 11,985 12,144 11,993 12,095 12,423 12,474 12,571 12,690 12,880 12,808 12,989
2,868 2,833 2,844 2,832 2,780 2,698 2,822 2,710 2,788 2,814 2,769 2,815 2,795
MAJOR INOUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture.
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,276
1,676
359
1,323
1,635
326
1,311
1,658
349
1,317
1,651
343
1,325
1,597
345
1,286
1,535
347
1,324
1,598
372
1,316
1,561
316
75,855
14,617
61,238
1,318
59,920
5,743
515
77,014
14,869
62,145
1,287
60,858
5,665
477
77,894
14,882
63,012
1,357
61,655
5,658
451
78,397
15,098
63,298
1,387
61,912
5,675
444
78,755
14,946
63,810
1,391
62,419
5,753
467
79,545
14,979
64,566
1,357
63,209
5,860
483
80,401
15,040
65,361
1,353
64,008
5,982
509
81,036
15,208
65,828
1,394
64,433
6,051
504
1,393
1,582
342
1,386
1,585
347
1,428
1,599
291
1,417
1,633
322
1,442
1,609
311
82,204 83,036 84,031 84,453 85,507
15,381 15,247 15,272 15,265 15,373
66,823 7,789 68,759 69,188 70,133
1,395
1,372 1,392 1,367 1,322
65,428 6,417 67,367 67,821 68,811
6,126 6,296 6,311 6,220 6,400
469
475
487
468
456
PERSONS AT WORK1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic
reasons
1
77,123 78,318 78,593 79,266 79,901 80,717 81,418 82,579 83,243 84,034
63,267 64,295 64,483 64,936 65,446 66,144 66,889 67,741 68,257 69,189 85,736 86,260 86,737
3,274 3,250 3,210 3,244 3,411 3,350 3,273 3,328 3,230 3,144 70,431 71,073 71,500
3,330 3,272 3,118
1,389 1,321 1,345 1,325 1,271 1,261 1,259 1,273 1,235 1,169
1,284 1,327 1,218
1,885 1,929
1,865 1,919 2,139 2,090 2,014 2,055 1,996
1,975 2,046 1,946 1,899
10,583 10,772 10,900 11,087 11,044 11,222 11,256 11,510 11,755 11,701 11,975
11,915 12,119
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
58
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A 53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race,
seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
197 5
1976
1977
1978
Characteristic
I?
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance....
Ill health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities. .
Think cannot get job. .
Job-market factors .
Personal factors. . . .
Other reasons1
II
III
I?
II
III
IT
II
III
IV
59,238 59,236 59,123 59,019 59,260 59,198 58,988 59,157 58,861 58,741 58,478 58,482 58,398
5 3 . 9 8 1 53,822 53,948 54,561 53,775 53,7S8 53,210 53,244 53,108 53,747 53,252 52,745 53,110
6,384
6,416 6,256 6,736 6,324 6,174 6,153 6,202 6,191 6,255 6,227 6,010 5,964
4,696 4,712 4,835 4,604 4,718 4,525 4,539 4,397 4,508 4,598 4,399 4,633
4,741
31,012 30,964 30,684 30,307 30,651 30,146 30,064 30,049 29,774 29,723 29,351 29,242
31,409
8,317 8,469 8,788 8,789 8,743 9,023 9,043 9,041 9,449 9,172 9,392 9,475
8,258
3,380 3,527 3,519 3,752 3,511 3,363 3,395 3,430 3,761 3,533 3,594 3,796
3,189
5,304 5,430 4,329 5,450 5,530 5,741 5,884 5,561 5,428 5,260 5,486 5,239
5,275
1,504
741
1,127
973
772
201
931
1,402
713
1,189
964
669
295
1,036
1,560
738
1,213
922
632
290
997
1,148
495
1,038
782
554
228
867
1,506
63 9
1,288
995
729
266
1,021
1,513
688
1,220
956
669
287
1,154
1,499
783
1,280
1,071
746
325
1,108
1,641
804
1,287
1,028
719
309
1, 124
1,523
751
1,217
970
630
340
1,100
1,404
697
1,214
914
635
279
1,199
1,296
755
1,237
851
541
310
1,121
1,518
706
1,242
853
620
232
1,167
1,359
736
1,210
760
485
275
1,173
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance . . .
Ill health, disability . .
Think cannot get j o b .
Other reasons1
16,236 16,359 16,298 16,336 16,438 16,499 16,503 16,680 16,461 16,491 16,591 16,787 16,706
14,568 14,613 14,706 15,193 14,763 14,826 14,666 14,782 14,677 14,902 14,905
1,708
1,666
1,675
1,770 1,826 1,701 1,749 1,637
1,680 1,667 1,300
737
345
340
286
698
321
377
285
790
316
313
248
589
203
264
244
720
274
343
329
757
303
291
324
777
332
313
348
794
327
350
354
751
326
309
315
703
323
344
378
638
336
305
359
15,026
1,733
14,990
1,665
763
318
291
361
702
335
275
354
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
43,002 42,877 42,825 42,683 42,823 42,699 42,465 42,476 42,400 42,250 41,887 41,695 41,692
3 9 , 4 1 3 39,209 39,242 39,368
3,567
3,624 3,763 3,029
766
396
1,127
634
644
704
393
1,189
587
751
770
421
1,213
609
750
559
292
1,038
518
623
19,012 38,972 38,544 38,461 38,431 38,844 38,347 37,719 38,12C
3,784 3,855 3,971
4,059 3,860 3,679 3,623 3,753 3,574
785
365
1,288
652
693
756
384
1,220
665
830
722
451
1,280
758
760
847
477
1,287
677
770
771
425
1,217
661
785
701
374
1,214
570
820
658
420
1,237
546
762
755
388
1,242
561
806
658
40 2
1,210
485
819
White
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
51,838 51,877 51,708 51,529 51,744 51,663 51,410 51,648 51,350 51,355 51,091 51,149 50,909
47,949 47,632 47,718 48,112 47,512 47,363 47,156 47,280 46,918 47,382 47,275 46,870 46,84C
3,961 4,081
4,090 3,421 4,147 4,263 4,334 4,316 4,267 4,168 3,960 4,339 3,887
1,146
516
830
687
782
1,065
508
940
716
852
1,147
508
923
696
816
941
364
816
587
713
7,354
7,389
7,427
6,102
1,286
6,113
1,267
354
203
313
294
122
345
220
303
237
161
1,097
43 7
1,023
742
847
1,176
520
1,000
683
905
1,078
643
976
743
894
1,136
576
950
720
933
1,125
537
971
712
923
7,483
7,471
7,535
7,575
7,560
6,103
1,297
6,512
934
6,184
1,274
6,250
1,297
6,122
1,371
406
236
288
211
156
221
129
244
211
128
403
192
280
258
141
347
181
268
280
221
407
159
283
302
219
1,033
499
980
647
1,010
943
550
961
584
943
1,272
526
956
591
994
1,007
507
89<»
53^
947
7,471
7,381
7,386
7,384
7,439
6,046
1,577
6,215
1,25!5
6,102
1,309
6,108
1,267
6,098
1,244
6,123
1,321
495
223
341
319
199
394
195
239
253
174
383
210
270
273
174
341
221
2!57
2!>3
195
327
173
289
277
178
348
210
309
232
222
Black and other
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsiblities."
59
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
I In thousands)
Age in years
Total
Reasons for not seeking work
20-24
16-19
25-59
60 and over
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
58,808
53,493
58,307
53,297
7,502
6,204
7,216
5,999
4,739
3,946
4,536
3,795
22,237
19,643
21,705
19,250
24,331
23,705
24,850
24,253
7,929
4,309
29,817
8,923
2,515
7,631
4,533
29,006
9,337
2,790
5,435
28
498
1,812
112
1,758
1,774
122
1,600
243
5,171
56
508
1
263
264
299
660
1,994
15,267
234
1,488
679
2,201
14,478
229
1,663
24
2,177
12,295
8,689
520
9
2,152
12,420
9,107
565
5,314
5,009
1,297
1,218
793
741
2,594
2,455
626
596
8
200
40
150
32
117
198
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
1,432
750
1,155
934
605
329
1,043
1,282
738
1,149
730
469
261
1,110
988
11
91
97
59
38
110
941
27
75
81
53
27
94
249
37
227
107
76
31
173
202
38
219
97
81
16
185
192
497
805
519
383
125
581
130
473
816
401
304
99
635
2
204
31
211
86
124
178
16,738
16,959
3,384
3,352
1,475
1,397
2,952
3,069
8,926
9,142
15,170
15,410
2,798
2,740
1,235
1,197
2,505
2,595
8,635
8,873
4,021
2,341
218
7,127
1,463
3,867
2,438
276
7,273
1,556
2,630
22
11
—
135
2,576
24
13
—
127
1,062
50
5
—
118
979
57
11
—
150
324
1,128
40
217
796
308
1,224
41
206
816
6
1,140
164
6,910
415
1
1,132
209
7,067
464
1,567
1,548
586
611
240
199
449
473
291
267
707
304
279
277
661
325
249
313
504
523
8
50
30
136
12
41
51
86
17
32
64
66
203
99
81
50
203
97
123
90
102
99
4
97
70
96
42,071
41,348
37,887
4,118
3,864
19,285
3,407
3,260
3,263
2,712
3,139
38,325
2,597
17,136
18,636
16,654
15,404
15,072
15,708
15,379
3,908
1,970
29,599
1,796
1,052
3,764
2,095
28,730
2,064
1,234
2,806
6
487
2,595
33
494
1
137
750
62
1,754
794
65
1,589
146
149
335
864
15,229
17
691
370
978
14,436
23
847
18
1,038
12,132
1,779
105
7
1,019
12,211
2,040
102
3,746
3,461
710
606
552
543
2,147
1,982
334
331
725
445
1,155
655
766
621
413
1,149
480
798
483
11
91
60
65
419
18
75
30
64
113
25
227
66
121
117
21
219
65
121
126
295
805
420
501
2
113
31
109
79
4
104
40
81
102
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
III, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability
Think cannot get job
Other reasons '
37
45
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill disabled
. .
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now .
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1
.
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54, A-55, and A-57 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals
because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.
108
-'
81
270
816
304
511
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Total
16-24
Reasons for not seeking work
IV
1977
IV
1978
25-59
Males
60 and over
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
Females
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
WHITE
51,282
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1 . . . .
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
9,815
9,375
19,435
18,915
22,031
22,529
14,237
14,486
37,045
36,333
47,088
8,285
7,996
17,489
17,067
21,482
22,030
13,029
13,326
34,162
33,762
6,437
3,476
27,108
8,098
2,072
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
HI. disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
50,819
47,191
Total not in labor force
6,168
3,651
26,462
8,483
2,324
5,895
100
926
5,599
117
1,849
364
431
550
1,614
13,875
212
1,238
562
1,756
13,153
224
1,372
24
1,794
11,309
7,887
468
6
1,782
11,461
8,258
523
3,279
1,908
187
6,461
1,194
3,138
2,010
229
6,656
1,293
3,158
1,568
26,921
1,537
878
3,030
1,641
26,233
1,827
1,031
4,092
3,731
1,533
1,384
1,977
1,849
549
499
1,209
1,160
2,883
2,571
1,027
564
935
686
880
915
538
863
512
903
915
30
222
145
221
809
45
205
110
215
79
368
682
359
489
99
342
624
271
513
2
164
31
184
168
8
150
34
131
176
528
239
489
228
214
228
177
266
499
325
935
472
652
426
310
863
335
637
BLACK AND OTHER
7,527
7,487
2,424
2,377
2,802
2,790
2,300
2,321
2,502
2,472
5,025
5,015
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
6,303
6,207
1,865
1,802
2,217
2,180
2,220
2,225
2,142
2,083
4,161
4,124
1,493
833
2,710
825
443
1,463
881
2,543
854
466
1,354
. 38
332
141
750
401
2,678
159
173
734
453
2,497
237
203
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1,224
1,279
556
Total not in labor force
1
.... ,
405
187
220
249
163
367
200
286
217
209
131
142
411
1,392
22
250
115
447
1,324
5
289
381
985
803
51
2
371
959
850
43
742
432
32
666
270
729
428
46
617
263
574
586
606
77
96
360
389
864
890
179
66
172
97
66
49
72
48
226
121
220
183
114
195
103
286
145
161
1,347
64
260
334
20
88
68
64
321
18
95
61
61
32
129
192
131
122
83
129
124
160
90
41
26
10
50
6
18
22
Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."
A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and
detailed reason
[In thousands]
4 t h Q u a r t e r 1978
Age in years
Detailed reason for not seeking work
16-19
Black and
other
60 and
over
20-24
TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old . . .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
140
60
61
7
13
7
4
12
23
38
38
109
4
4
132
52
41
7
9
20
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
285
184
44
9
57
24
175
129
9
23
157
129
128
54
Males
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old . . .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
67
18
27
5
13
4
7
1
15
55
2
60
14
22
7
5
5
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
76
60
23
6
38
36
11
45
36
31
24
16
37
23
15
7
54
2
4
72
38
19
4
15
137
92
9
12
112
93
97
30
Females
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old . . .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
72
42
34
209
123
21
3
42
17
61
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Ageirl years
Total
Most recent work experience and
reason for leaving job
IV
1977
Blaclcand
White
16-24
IV
1978
25-59
IV
1977
1978
IV
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
11,752
22,237
2,140
11,069
5,360
3,668
100.0
38.2
14.8
4.0
23.1
7.5
8.3
7.3
19.9
21,705
1,985
10,966
5,157
3,596
100.0
40.0
11.9
4.1
22.4
8.5
5.9
7.9
21.6
24,331
2,275
16,663
3,967
1,425
100.0
5.1
18.4
47.0
19.7
8.3
5.2
6.2
9.9
14.0
48.2
22.3
9.6
4.7
8.1
9.6
2,951
178
1,008
953
812
100.0
20.1
29.0
13.1
16.5
6.3
6.8
3.3
21.3
3,069
219
1,060
1,045
745
100.0
20.9
25.8
11.8
17.8
7.7
6.2
3.9
23.7
8,926
52
9,142
27
5,791
2,236
847
6,120
2,266
728
100.0
1.8
100.0
2.5
15.0
55.7
19.1
8.7
5.1
5.3
8.4
16.1
52.3
21.6
9.8
5.0
6.9
7.6
19,285
1,962
10,062
4,407
2,856
100.0
43.3
10.7
1.4
25.0
7.8
8.8
8.3"
19.5
18,636
1,766
9,905
4,113
2,851
100.0
45.1
8.2
2.0
23.5
8.8
5.8
8.9
21.1
15,404
15,708
37,045
2,223
10,873
1,731
578
2,373
11,083
1,653
599
5,905
19,089
6,643
5,408
100.0
9.8
100.0
9.8
23.3
34.2
20.6
7.6
5.4
7.4
11.5
43.2
23.4
9.3
4.5
9.5
100.0
53.3
6.6
4.0
12.1
12.0
IV
1977
Total, not in labor force .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago . . . .
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago . . . .
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .
School, home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .
Slack work
End of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
58,808
9,124
28,041
11,125
10,517
100.0
48.5
8.4
7.8
16.0
16.4
14.9
14.7
Males, not in labor force .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago . . . .
Last orked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .
School, home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .
Slack work
End of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
16,738
16,959
4,858
4,749
2,011
6,836
3,607
4,283
100.0
44.9
9.2
13. 5
17.7
9.5
4.0
4.2
1,955
7,216
3,686
4,101
100.0
46.5
8.8
1,781
38
417
1,709
36
376
2,624
100.0
66.5
1.1
2,627
100.0
66.1
1.9
11.4
19.7
17.7
19.7
11.0
4.1
4.6
10.7
2.9
4.1
12.2
3.3
4.2
14.8
13.5
14.8
12.3
Females, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago . . . .
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago . . . .
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .
School, home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job . . . .
Slack work
End of temporary job . . .
All other reasons
42,071
41,348
7,381
7,003
7,112
21,206
7,518
6,234
6,838
21,201
6,993
6,316
2,927
272
2,699
212
1,381
2,801
1,226
2,866
100.0
50.9
7.8
3.8
20.6
7.8
6.1
6.7
100.0
51.3
5.7
5.0
19.6
8.6
4.5
6.5
100.0
67.0
1.7
100.0
66.2
1.9
__
16.1
7.8
3.5
4.8
14.9
8.3
3.2
3.5
16.8
18.3
15.1
16.9
58,307 12,240
4,708
8,793
308
28,417
1,799
10,679
5,424
10,417
4,407
248
1,602
100.0
49.4
6.9
7.6
100.0
66.8
1.4
__
5,494
100.0
66.2
1.9
__
19.7
9.5
4.4
5.8
16.9
9.2
3.2
4.4
17.2
10.2
3.2
3.8
19.4
8.5
5.3
5.6
other
60 and over
IV
1978
24,850
51,281
50,819
2,400
17,204
3,920
7,319
25,054
9,765
1,326
100.0
5.9
9,144
100.0
50.3
7.4
8.0
6,946
25,448
9,400
9,025
100.0
50.7
6.5
8.1
18.3
8.6
4.2
5.5
16.3
18.8
8.1
5.1
5.6
15.5
14,486
1,382
6,279
3,238
3,587
100.0
47.3
8.8
12.7
18.2
14,236
1,414
5,965
3,122
3,736
100.0
45.9
8.6
13.9
16.9
9.1
3.8
4.0
9.6
4.2
4.4
13.0
14.6
36,333
5,564
19,169
6,162
5,438
100.0
53.0
5.0
' 5.0
18.4
7.8
4.3
6.3
18.5
20.1
7.4
6.0
6.7
16.0
IV
1978
IV
1977
7,526
7,805
2,986
1,361
1,373
100.0
36.5
14.6
5.9
23.5
11.0
6.5
6.1
19.5
7,487
1,847
2,970
1,278
1,392
100.0
41.2
9.3
4.2
28.0
15.9
5.0
7.2
17.3
2,501
597
870
486
547
100.0
37.8 •
12.6
10.8
23.2
12.2
5.7
5.5
15.5
2,472
573
937
448
514
100.0
41.6
8.6
2.9
30.0
20.2
3.5
6.2
16.9
5,025
1,208
2,116
875
826
100.0
35.6
15.9
2.7
23.7
10.2
7.0
6.5
22.2
5,015
1,274
2,033
830
878
100.0
40.9
9.7
.5.0
26.9
13.3
5.8
7.8
17.4
A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
e in years
Total
Black and
other
White
Work-seeking intentions and work history
IV
1977
IV
1978
48,197
10,612
1,851
1,186
2,177
5,398
48,373
9,933
1,533
1,108
1,934
5,358
12,807
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
5,989
5,909
18,476
18,250
23,731
24,215
6,252
5,843
1,424
47
3,760
3,455
102
922
1,059
1,371
601
7
132
199
263
635
7
139
255
234
42,636
8,645
1,336
968
1,699
4,642
42,799
8,020
1,101
889
1,487
4,542
5,561
1,964
514
217
478
755
5,573
1,914
432
218
447
816
2,236
715
17
68
234
3 97
2,442
626
23
8,612
314
2
,813
328
10,982
3,254
530
11,439
3,047
473
1,840
632
186
76
111
350
55
105
152
37
152
139
103
448
2,173
86
410
2,077
1,825
675
203
33
123
316
3,736
1,289
311
184
355
439
3,733
1,282
246
183
352
500
Total
Do not intend t o seek work
Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
. .
1,683
64
797
3,708
621
3,752
13,280
3,679
659
1,958
2,024
2,901
2,724
715
637
121
505
2,393
13
8
233
176
1,940
1,905
161
989
1,183
1,427
Males
Do not intend t o seek work
Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months . . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
3,930
734
136
571
2,489
35
95
316
Females
Do not intend t o seek work
Intend t o seek work in the next 12 months . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
62
35,389
35,093
4,030
15,806
15,118
15,402
31,654
31,360
6,254
3,351
3,885
3,119
16,240
6,681
3,045
2,828
286
306
5,391
4,973
1,117
874
969
788
144
80
4
7
806
628
1,050
986
51
38
921
847
77
102
865
803
1,606
1,429
563
445
950
882
94
103
1,251
1,077
2,908
2,965
1,768
1,848
1,030
1,021
111
96
2,469
2,465
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status
IV
1977
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
IV
__1927_
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
L9J3
159,922
138,364
140,336
16,467
16,796
7,255
7,512
98,591
62.6
92,442
3,167
89,275
6,149
6.2
58,808
101,615
63.5
96,010
3,215
92,796
5,605
5.5
58,307
87,082
62.9
82,378
2,912
79,465
4,705
5.4
51,282
89,517
63.8
85,230
2,900
82,330
4,287
4.8
50,819
9,910
60.2
8,574
220
8,354
1,336
13.5
6,557
10,308
61.4
9,113
262
8,852
1,194
11.6
6,489
4,483
61.8
4,086
199
3,887
397
8.9
2,773
4,827
64.3
4,455
183
4,272
392
8.1
2,665
66,261
67,489
58,897
59,902
6,317
6,460
2,899
3,074
52,907
79.8
50,567
2,301
48,267
2,340
4.4
13,354
53,882
79.8
51,852
2,329
49,523
2,030
3.8
13,607
47,346
80.4
45,529
2,103
43,426
1,818
3.8
11,550
48,056
80.2
46,490
2,069
44,420
1,566
3.3
11,846
4,754
75.3
4,273
174
4,099
481
10.1
1,563
4,933
76.4
4,510
221
4,289
424
8.6
1,526
2,469
85.2
2,312
151
2,162
157
6.4
430
2,631
85.6
2,487
140
2,347
144
5.5
443
74,671
76,003
65,507
66,536
7,903
8,106
3,325
3,444
36,718
49.2
34,348
533
33,815
2,370
6.5
37,953
38,520
50.7
36,397
568
35,829
2,123
5.5
37,483
31,714
48.4
29,911
489
29,422
1,803
5.7
33,793
33,238
50.0
31,632
532
31,100
1,606
4.8
33,299
4,319
54.7
3,800
34
3,766
519
12.0
3,585
4,521
55.8
4,056
27
4,029
465
10.3
3,585
1,528
46.0
1,388
23
1,365
141
9.2
1,796
1,716
49.8
1,567
26
1,541
149
8.7
1,728
16,468
16,429
13,961
13,898
2,246
2,231
1,031
994
8,022
57.5
6,938
320
6,618
1,08V
13.5
5,939
8,224
59.2
7,109
299
6,810
1,115
13.6
5,674
838
37.3
501
11
490
337
40.2
1,409
853
38.2
548
14
534
305
35.8
1,377
485
47.0
386
25
361
99
20.5
546
501
50.4
401
17
384
100
19.9
493
157,399
.
Hispanic origin^
IV
1978
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,966
54.4
7,527
333
7,194
1,439
16.0
7,502
9,213
56.1
7,761
317
7,443
1,452
15.8
7,216
1
Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group.
2
Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race,
which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time
of the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
NOTE: Data for 1977 for total Hispanic origin are not strictly comparable with those
published earlier. These estimates incorporate the expanded sample and revised estimation
procedures introduced in the national sample in January 1978.
63
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60 Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin
by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Hispanic origin 1
Employment status
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
_.12Z8__
Civilian noninstitutional population
7,255
7,512
4,120
4,456
1,090
1,064
574
579
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4,483
61.8
4,086
199
3,887
397
8.9
2,773
4,827
64.3
4,455
183
4,272
392
8.1
2,665
2,657
64.5
2,416
180
2,235
241
9.1
1,464
2,992
67.1
2,762
160
2,602
230
7.7
1,464
532
48.8
467
4
464
64
12.1
558
532
50.0
470
6
464
62
11.7
531
369
64.3
344
7
337
25
6.8
205
390
67.4
354
7
348
36
9.2
188
2,899
3,074
1,717
1,910
387
380
235
225
2,469
85.2
2,312
151
2,162
157
6.4
430
2,631
85.6
2,487
140
2,347
144
5.5
443
1,485
86.5
1,396
136
1,260
89
6.0
232
1,672
87.5
1,592
122
1,470
80
4.8
238
325
84.0
294
3
292
30
9.4
62
300
78.9
269
5
264
30
10.1
80
194
82.6
185
5
180
9
4.6
41
194
86.2
179
7
172
15
7.9
31
Civilian noninstitutional population
3,325
3,444
1,783
1,916
543
543
292
299
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1,528
46.0
1,388
23
1,365
141
9.2
1,796
1,716
49.8
1,567
26
1,541
149
8.7
1,728
854
47.9
111
19
753
82
9.7
929
982
51.3
892
23
869
90
9.2
934
157
28.9
139
1
138
17
11.1
386
185
34.1
167
—
167
17
9.5
358
151
51.7
138
2
13
8.4
141
169
57.0
155
—
155
13
7.9
130
Civilian noninstitutional populatior
1,031
994
620
630
161
142
47
54
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
485
47.0
386
25
361
99
20.5
546
501
50.4
401
17
384
100
19.9
493
317
51.1
248
25
223
69
21.8
303
338
53.7
278
15
263
59
17.6
292
50
31.1
34
48
33.8
34
2
32
14
(2)
94
24
(2)
20
28
51.9
20
20
3
(2)
23
20
7
(2)
27
TOTAL
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
137
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not
shown separately.
*
2
Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000.
64
NOTE: See note, table A-59.
34
16
(2)
110
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Hispanic origin1
Black and other
Whits
Total
ategories
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
92,442
54,600
37,843
96,010
55,896
40,114
82,378
49,230
33,147
85,230
50,191
35,039
10,065
5,370
4,695
10,780
5,705
5,075
4,086
2,549
1,537
4,455
2,715
1,740
46,667
14,218
9,986
5,851
16,612
30,563
12,092
10,469
3,531
4,471
12,553
2,659
48,415
14,686
10,152
6,161
17,416
31,976
12,621
11,111
3,637
4,607
12,951
2,668
43,027
12,975
9,536
5,594
14,923
26,862
11,154
9,001
3,033
3,673
10,045
2,443
44,444
13,398
9,625
5,845
15,575
28,010
11,671
9,428
3,099
3,812
10,367
2,410
3,640
1,243
450
257
1,690
3,702
938
1,468
498
798
2,507
216
3,971
1,288
527
316
1,841
3,966
950
1,683
538
795
2,584
258
1,362
309
248
186
619
1,901
554
843
156
348
675
151
1,452
337
246
179
690
2,119
597
980
176
366
734
150
1,298
1,571
298
1,342
1,598
275
1,095
1,526
292
1,097
1,534
270
204
46
6
245
64
5
172
24
3
164
16
3
82,735
15,575
67,160
1,420
65,740
6,103
437
86,003
15,564
70,439
1,345
69,094
6,368
424
73,297
13,160
60,137
942
59,195
5,747
420
75,951
13,077
62,874
897
61,977
5,983
396
9,437
2,415
7,023
478
6,545
355
17
10,052
2,487
7,565
447
7,118
386
28
3,690
581
3,108
95
3,013
176
21
4,060
622
3,438
77
3,361
201
11
75,024
3,245
14,173
78,358
3,115
14,537
66,733
2,671
12,974
69,430
2,550
13,250
8,291
575
1,199
8,927
565
1,287
3,432
206
449
3,773
202
480
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
, FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
See footnote 2, table A-59.
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed
proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.
65
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rlcan, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
[in thousands]
Total Hispanic
origin1
Selected categories
Puerto Rican
origin
Mexican origin
Cuban origin
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
4,086
2,549
1,537
4,455
2,715
1,740
2,416
1,546
870
2,762
1,745
1,017
467
314
154
470
287
184
344
200
144
354
191
163
1,362
309
248
186
619
1,901
554
843
156
348
675
151
1,452
337
246
179
690
2,119
597
980
176
366
734
143
702
144
133
80
345
1,194
358
483
110
243
380
140
812
155
147
89
421
1,369
385
590
114
280
446
129
158
30
27
28
73
218
53
111
15
39
88
4
142
32
20
22
68
228
56
127
24
21
95
6
156
47
24
31
54
138
38
75
8
17
46
5
172
24
3
164
16
3
162
17
1
147
11
3
4
6
3
2
2
5
1
3,690
581
3,108
95
3,013
176
21
4,060
622
3,438
77
3,361
201
11
2,131
384
1,747
56
1,691
98
7
2,492
407
2,086
55
2,031
105
4
443
65
378
5
373
14
6
445
77
369
1
368
18
1
313
36
276
2
274
21
3
323
31
292
1
291
25
1
3,432
206
449
3,773
202
480
2,021
140
255
2,321
135
306
418
15
34
412
24
35
294
10
40
299
8
47
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
. .
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers . . .
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers .
Service workers
Farm workers
'
139
39
21
19
60
170
50
97
7
16
42
2
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagriculturel industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries .
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS 2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
See footnote 1, table A-60.
66
2
See footnote 2, table A-61.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Total
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over . .
16 t o 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . .
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black1
White
Hispanic origin 2
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
92,442
96,010
82,378
85,230
8,574
9,113
4,086
4,455
,527
7,
,055
3,
4,
,471
13,081
71,835
57, 789
1A,046
7,761
3,143
4,618
13,732
74,517
60,141
14,375
6,938
2,875
4,063
11,628
63,811
51,086
12,726
7,109
2,917
4,193
12,154
65,967
52,988
12,979
501
150
351
1,237
6,836
5,645
1,192
548
181
366
1,334
7,232
5,998
1,234
386
140
246
693
3,007
2,658
349
401
144
257
782
3,271
2,895
376
54,600
55,896
49,230
50,191
4,563
4,800
2,549
2,715
4,032
1,666
2,366
7,089
A3,478
34, 759
8,719
4,044
1,617
2,427
7,384
44,468
35,578
8,890
3,701
1,558
2,144
6,338
39,190
31,205
7,985
3,702
1,500
2,202
6,589
39,902
31,824
8,078
290
97
193
643
3,630
2,983
646
290
93
197
675
3,835
3,130
706
237
91
146
428
1,884
1,661
223
228
86
142
470
2,016
1,764
253
37,843
40,114
33,147
35,039
4,010
4,313
1,537
1,740
3,495
1,389
2,105
5,991
28,356
23,029
5,327
3,717
1,526
2,191
6,348
30,049
24,563
5,486
3,237
1,317
1,919
5,290
24,621
19,881
4,741
3,408
1,417
1,991
5,565
26,066
21,165
4,902
211
52
158
593
3,207
2,661
545
257
88
169
659
3,398
2,869
528
149
49
100
265
1,123
997
127
173
58
115
313
1,254
1,131
123
See footnote 1, table A-59.
IV
See footnote 2, table A-59.
A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Black1
White
Total
Hispanic origin 2
Sex and age
IV
1977
Total, 1 6 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . ,
18 to 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
See footnote 1, table A-59.
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
6.2
5.5
5.4
4.8
13,5
11,6
8,9
8,1
16.0
17.8
14.8
9.6
4.4
4.6
3.9
15.8
18.7
13.6
8.4
3.7
4.0
2.9
13 .5
15 .7
11 .9
7.9
4 .0
4 .0
3.7
13.6
16.9
11.1
6.7
3.4
3.5
2.6
40. 2
44. 1
38.4
22.6
8.5
9,1
5.7
35 .8
38 .7
34 .2
20 .6
7 .0
7.4
5 .1
20.5
22.5
19.3
9.9
6.9
6.9
6.2
19.9
27.7
14.8
5.4
4.8
4 .6
4.1
12. 6
10 .7
7.6
6.7
15.7
17.3
14.6
9.0
3.6
3.6
3.7
16.1
19.9
13.3
8.0
3.0
3.1
2.6
13 .4
15 .4
11 .8
7.7
3 .2
3 .2
3 .3
14.0
18.2
11.0
6.5
2.7
2.8
37. 7
39.5
36.8
20.8
7.9
8.2
6.5
34 .1
39 .5
31 .1
20 .3
6 .2
6 .6
4 .3
17.9
14.7
19.8
9.7
5.6
5.3
7.5
17.9
25.7
12.3
8.2
4.8
5.0
3.8
7.5
6.5
6 .5
14.5
12 .6
10.9
10.3
16.4
18.3
15.1
10.2
5.6
5.9
4.3
15.4
17.3
14.1
8.7
4.8
5.1
3.3
13 .7
16 .0
12 .0
8 .2
5 .1
5 .3
4 .2
43.4
51. 1
40.2
24.5
9.2
10.1
4.7
37 .6
37 .9
37 .5
20 .9
7.9
8 .2
6 .2
24.2
33.7
18.4
10.1
9.0
9.5
4.5
22.4
30.5
17.6
11.4
7.9
8.3
3.9
2.4
5.7
13.0
15,
11.
7.0
4.4
4.7
3.0
9.5
6.0
6.3
3.8
See footnote 2, table A-59.
67
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Total
Weeks of unemployment
Hispanic origin1
Black and other
White
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
6,149
2,626
1,961
1,561
763
798
5,605
2,651
1,828
1,125
640
486
4,705
2,062
1,486
1,157
564
593
4,287
2,109
1,384
795
457
338
1,444
565
476
404
198
205
13.5
6.6
11.1
5.6
13.1
6.4
10.4
5.2
100.0
42.7
31.9
25.4
12.4
13.0
100.0
47.3
32.6
20.1
11.4
8.7
100.0
43.8
31.6
24.6
12.0
12.6
100.0
49.2
32.3
18.5
10.7
7.9
IV
1Q77
!Q7fi
1,318
543
444
331
183
148
397
176
132
89
46
43
392
206
124
62
43
19
14.8
7.5
13.3
7.2
12.1
6.3
8.6
4.8
100.0
39.1
33.0
27.9
13.7
14.2
100.0
41.2
33.7
25.1
13.9
11.2
100.0
44.3
33.2
22.4
11.6
10.8
100.0
52.6
31.6
15.8
11.0
4.8
IV
Duration
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
See footnote 2, table A-59.
A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Reason for unemployment
Whit*
Black and other
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
1977
6,149
2,668
659
2,009
884
1,824
773
5,605
2,283
618
1,665
839
1,742
• 741
4,705
2,085
567
1,518
744
1,343
533
4,287
1,745
505
1,240
701
1,342
499
100.0
43.4
10.7
32.7
14.4
29.7
12.6
100.0
40.7
11.0
29.7
15.0
31.1
13.2
100.0
44.3
12.0
32.3
15.8
28.5
11.3
2.7
.9
1.8
.8
2.2
.8
1.7
.7
2.4
.9
1.5
.6
Hispanic origin
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
1,444
583
92
491
140
481
239
1,318
112"
425
138
400
242
397
190
35
155
53
99
54
392
172
31
141
57
111
52
100.0
40.7
11.8
28.9
16.4
31.3
11.6
100.0
40.4
6.4
34.0
9.7
33.3
16.6
100.0
40.8
8.5
32.3
10.5
30.3
18.4
100.0
48.0
8.8
39.1
13.4
25.0
13.6
100.0
43.9
2.0
.8
1.5
.6
5.1
1.2
4.2
2.1
4.4
1.1
3.3
2.0
4.2
1.2
2.2
1.2
3.5
1.2
2.3
1.1
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
J3§
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
36*.O
14.5
28.3
13.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1
See footnote 2, table A-59.
68
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans ana •nsuveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally
adjusted
1976
Employment status
1977
1978
I
IV
1977
1978
6,753
6,428
6,052
376
5.8
6,363
6,074
5,786
288
4.7
6,797
6,402
5,894
508
7.9
6,853
6,501
6,019
483
7.4
6,848
6,503
5,998
505
7.8
6,815
6,519
6,033
486
7.5
6,753
6,420
6,018
402
6.3
6,592
6,284
5,940
344
5.5
6,528
6,198
5,924
274
4.4
6,461
6,149
5,825
324
5.3
6,363
6,067
5,763
305
5.0
.
968
859
750
109
12,7
664
593
521
71
12,0
1,083
945
7.
88
158
16.7
1,084
976
813
163
16.7
1,069
938
784
154
16.4
1,042
936
774
162
17.3
968
854
740
115
13.4
827
747
650
97
13.0
784
696
630
66
9.5
736
655
579
76
11.6
664
588
515
73
12.5
.
2,813
2,664
2,518
146
5.5
2,175
2,076
1,958
118
5.7
3,186
3,001
2,766
235
7.8
3,109
2,957
2,741
216
7.3
3,039
2,902
2,676
226
7.8
2,994
2,850
2,666
185
6.5
2,813
2,661
2,497
164
6.2
2,539
2,418
2,285
133
5.5
2,417
2,296
2,176
120
5.2
2,297
2,153
2,006
147
6.8
2,175
2,075
1,944
132
6.3
.
2,972
2,906
2,785
121
4.2
3,524
3,405
3,307
99
2,9
2,528
2,456
2,340
115
4.7
2,660
2,568
2,465
103
4.0
2,740
2,663
2,538
125
4.7
2,779
2,732
2,594
139
5.1
2,972
2,905
2,781
123
4.2
3,226
3,118
3,005
113
3.6
3,327
3,207
3,119
88
2.7
3,428
3,341
3,240
101
3.0
3,524
3,404
3,304
100
2.9
17,987 18,807 16,999 17,190 17,445 17,711 17,987 18,165 18,385 18,585
16,127 17,008 15,441 15,618 15,700 15,976 16,225 16,501 16,659 16,834
15,090 16,091 14,082 14,351 14,538 14,783 15,099 15,371 15,644 15,859
1,037
917
1,359
1,266
1,193
1,162
1,126
1,130
975
1,014
6,4
8,8
7,5
7,4
8,1
5,4
6,9
6.8
5,8
6,1
18,807
17.097
16,106
991
5.8
IV
II
IV
III
IV
II
III
IV
VETERANS1
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population2 . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population3
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,299
6,933
6,340
593
8.5
8,450
7,154
6,624
530
7.4
7,982
6,872
6,062
810
11.8
8,037
6,907
6,174
734
10.6
8,106
6,851
6,160
691
10.1
8,182
6,965
6,272
693
9.9
8,299
7,066
6,410
656
9.3
8,312
7,112
6,428
684
9.6
8,378
7,152
6,558
594
8.3
8,419
7,180
6,583
597
8.3
7,286
6,701
585
8.0
.
5,574
5,268
4,984
285
5.4
6,337
6,006
5,738
268
4.5
5,174
4,877
4,514
362
7.4
5,239
4,945
4,584
360
7. 3
5,301
4,983
4,676
307
6.2
5,355
5,044
4,728
315
6.3
5,574
5,245
4,948
297
5.7
5,860
5,555
5,258
297
5.3
6,015
5,675
5,390
285
5.0
6,172
5,868
5,612
257
4.4
6,337
5,976
5,698
278
4.7
.
4,115
3,926
3,766
160
4.1
4,019
3,848
3,730
118
3.1
3,844
3,693
3,505
187
5.1
3,914
3,766
3,593
172
4.6
4,039
3,866
3,702
164
4.2
4,174
3,968
3,783
185
4.7
4,115
3,914
3,742
173
4.4
3,993
3,834
3,685
149
3.9
3,991
3,832
3,697
135
3.5
3,995
3,786
3,665
122
3.2
4,019
3,835
3,707
128
3.3
.
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7,1975.
Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
69
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years by age, race,
and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Nonveterans
Black and other
Employment status
Hispanic origin 2
Black and other
White
a i«
• _ ^.m•— • _ 2
1977
IV
1978
rtispanic origin
iv
IV
1977
1978
16,319
14,918
14,256
662
4.4
2,339
1,945
1,699
246
12.6
2,487
2,089
1,835
254
12.2
1,151
1,054
974
80
7.6
1,206
1,124
1,057
67
6.0
7,250
6,139
5,681
458
7.5
7,328
6,288
5,915
373
5.9
1,049
794
659
135
17.0
1,122
866
709
157
18.1
497
438
400
38
8.7
514
460
424
36
7.8
113
106
97
9
8.5
4,848
4,621
4,410
211
4.6
5,537
5,305
5,098
207
3.9
726
647
573
74
11.4
800
700
639
61
8.7
368
342
312
30
8.8
399
390
371
19
4.9
111
107
104
3
2.8
3,551
3,422
3,300
122
3.6
3,454
3,325
3,243
82
2.5
564
504
467
37
7.3
565
523
487
36
6.9
286
274
262
12
4.4
293
274
262
12
4.4
IV
1977
IV
1978
261
242
229
13
5.4
15,649
14,182
13,391
791
5.6
43
32
26
6
(3)
37
29
28
1
(3)
233
219
189
30
13.7
91
86
74
12
14.0
309
290
277
13
4.5
92
86
83
3
3.5
IV
1Q77
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
6,065
5,810
5,534
276
4.8
5,732
5,484
5,258
226
4.1
688
619
519
100
16.2
631
590
528
62
10.5
226
204
183
21
10.3
805
726
658
68
9.4
575
512
460
52
10*2
163
133
92
41
30.8
89
81
62
19
23.5
2,538
2,417
2,298
119
4.9
1,942
1,857
1,769
88
4.7
275
247
220
27
10.9
2,722
2,667
2,578
89
3.3
3,215
3,115
3,029
86
2.8
250
239
207
32
13.4
Total. 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vietnam-Era veterans are tnose wno served Detween August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975.
See footnote 2, table A-59.
70
3
Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000.
N.A =Not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Central cities
Total
Employment status
IV
3.977
Total
Suburbs
Farm
Nonfarm
IV
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
45,733 61,615 62,757 50,575 51,431
28,556 40,023 41,394 30,822 31,665
61.6
60.9
66.0
65.0
62.4
26,602 37,881 39,463 29,054 29,945
1,721
1,768
1,929
2,142
1,955
C J
54
38,541 17,464 17,177 21,592 21,364 19,753 19,766
4,724
2,982
63.1
2,906
76
2.5
1,742
4,795
3,004
62.6
2,939
65
26,833 21,514 21,837
22,252 16,733 16,974
77.7
77.8
82.9
21,604 16,067 16,355
2,152
1,816
84.4
1,793
23
1.3
336
2,157
1,785
82,7
1,760
25
2,011
879
43.7
852
28
3.1
1,131
2,034 21,734 22,201
912 10,327 10,844
47.5
48.8
44.8
891
9,679 10,198
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1977
1978
45,851
27,840
60.7
26,148
1,692
6.1
18,011
46,636
28,661
61.5
27,006
1,656
5.8
17,962
Total
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
106,825 108,490 45,210
67,769 69,950 27,746
63.4
64.5 61.4
63,388 66,065 25,507
4,381
3,884 2,239
39,056
1,791
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
44,747
36,174
80.8
34,501
1,673
/• a
H. 0
8,573
45,652 18,601 18,819 26,146
36,908 14,488 14,656 21,686
80.8
82.9
77.9
77.9
35,497 13,543 13,893 20,958
946
764
727
647
667
619
8,744 4,113
4,162
4,460
4,582
4,780
4,863
1,411
O Q
J.o
J.O
19,362 19,680
14,917 15,189
77,0
77.2
14,274 14,595
594
644
1 j.
A ^
3.9
*• <
X. H
4,491
372 4,444
J
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
50,926 51,768 22,206
25,512 26,764 11,026
49.7
51.7
50.1
23,817 25,308 10,206
821
1,456
1,695
6.6
25,414
22,544 28,720 29,224 23,745 24,235
11,621 14,486 15,143 11,206 11,756
48.5
47.2
51.8
50.4
51.5
10,890 13,611 14,418 10,531 11,089
731
6.3
874
6.0
725
4.8
675
6.0
667
5.7
25,004 11,180 10,922
14,234
14,082
12,539
12,479
6,748
3,852
57.1
3,311
6,700
4,000
59.7
3,442
5,316
2,883
54.2
2,457
5,359
2,935
54,8
2,500
5.4
7.4
20
2.2
647
6.3
647
6.0
1,122
11,408
11,357
604
307
4,755
2,596
54.6
2,195
4,755
2,628
55,3
2,212
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
11,151 11,070 4,403
6,083 6,278 2,231
56.7 50.7
54.6
5,070 5,261 1,759
472
1,017
1,013
16,2 21.2
16.7
5,068 4,792 2,172
4,370
2,278
52.1
1,819
459
20.1
2,093
541
14,0
2,896
558
14.0
2,699
426
14.8
2,434
435
14.8
2,424
561
287
51.1
262
25
8.8
274
50.9
288
19
6.2
297
401
416
15.4
2,160
15.8
2,127
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
..
92,307 93,652 34,754 35,059 57,553 58,593 46,057 46,685
5.8,854 60,611 21,535 22,008 37,319 38,603 28,228 28,907
61.9
61.3
65.9
64.8
62.8
62,0
64.7
63.8
55,622 57,756 20,200 20,859 35,422 36,897 26,756 27,474
1,472
1,705
1,898
1,432
1,149
3,233 2,854 1,335
4,459
2,835
63.6
2,773
62
52
5.2
5.0
1.8
19,991 17,829
17,778
2.2
1,624
6.2
5.2
5.1
33,041 13,219
13,050
20,234
14,517 14,839 10,455
9,339 6,211
8,914
62.9 59.4
61.4
7,766 8,309 5,307
903
1,030
1,148
11.0 14.5
12.9
5,603 5,500 4,246
10,674
6,548
61.3
5,743
4,062
2,703
66.5
2,459
5.5
33,453
4.7
4.4
4,476 41,598 42,209
2,840 25,393 26,067
61.0
63.4
61.8
2,788 23,983 24,686
1,636
1,410
5.6
1,380
5.3
16,205 16,142
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
806
12.3
4,126
245
9.1
1,357
4,165
2,791
67.0
2,566
224
8.0
1,374
4,518
2,594
57.4
2,298
296
11.4
1,924
4,747
2,759
58.1
2,471
288
10.4
1,988
265
147
55.4
133
14
9.5
118
319
164
51.5
151
13
7.7
155
4,253
2,447
57.5
2,165
4,428
2,595
58.6
2,320
282
275
11.5
1,806
10.6
1,833
71
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)
Total United States
Poverty
areas
Employment status
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
areas
IV
1977
IV
1978
Nonpoverty
areas
Poverty
areas
Nonpoverty
Poverty
areas
Nonpoverty
areas
IV
1977
IV
1978
TV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
11,039
6,063
54,9
5,360
95,205
61,504
64.6
57,926
3,578
. 5.8
33,701
97,451
63,887
65.6
60,706
3,181
5.0
33,564
17,666
10,124
57.3
9,542
17,796
10,184
57.2
9,548
581
636
5.7
7,543
6.2
7,613
32,908
20,698
62.9
19,512
1,186
5.7
12,210
33,635
21,482
63.9
20,397
1,085
5.0
12,153
87,961
57,433
65.3
54,835
2,598
14,590
8,456
58.0
8,055
14,662
8,501
58.0
8,054
31,467
19,772
62.8
18,701
1,072
5 4
11,695
32,022
20,406
63.7
19,420
986
4 8
11,617*
IV
1977
IV
1978
29,286
16,388
56.0
15,004
1,385
8.4
12,897
28,836
16,247
56.3
14,907
1,339
8.2
12,589
128,114 131*086
82,202
85,368
64.2
65.1
77,439
81,103
4,764
4,265
5.0
5.8
45,717
45,911
11,619
6,265
53.9
5,461
803
703
12.8
5,355
11.6
4,976
20,547
11,758
57.2
11,076
20,354
11,678
57.4
10,976
119,983
77,839
64.9
74,255
3,584
4.6
42,144
5,957
3,303
55.4
3,021
5,691
3,177
55.8
2,921
11,103
7,530
67.8
6,848
Total
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force .
. . . .
682
703
5.8
8,788
6.0
8,675
117,817
75,324
63.9
71,301
4,023
5.3
42,493
8,739
4,630
53.0
3,927
8,482
4,568
53.9
3,931
10,296
6,878
66.8
6,137
282
256
86,350
55,552
64.3
52,601
2,951
400
447
8.5
2,654
2,514
30,799
30,527
6,134
6,162
5,662
2,962
52.3
2,441
5,348
2,886
54.0
2,438
8,855
5,952
67.2
5,326
9,490
6,453
68.0
5,871
3,077
1,668
54.2
1,487
3,134
1,683
53.7
1,493
583
181
190
115
99
9.0
3,037
10.9
1,408
11.3
1,451
12.4
515
9.2
537
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
703
637
741
681
521
447
627
15.2
4,109
13.9
3,914
10.8
3,418
9.0
3,574
17.6
2,700
15.5
2,463
10.5
2,902
1,613
1,076
66.7
978
1,441
926
64.2
811
A-71. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Poverty
areas
Sex, age, and race
Metropolitan areas
Poverty
areas
Nonpoverty
areas
Poverty
areas
Nonpoverty
areas
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
A.I
6.1
15.1
5.0
3.3
A.9
14.8
5.7
3.6
6.4
16.3
6.2
A.A
6.8
15.A
5.7
4.2
5.9
1A.0
5.0
3.3
5.1
1A.6
8.1
6.5
7.6
20.5
5.3
3.7
5.6
13.6
4.5
3.0
4.5
13.4
A.7
3.0
5.2
13.2
5.3
3.9
5.6
12.A
5.4
4.0
5.6
12.9
A.8
3.1
5.0
13.5
15.5
12.1
13.5
A1.3
10.5
7.6
10.1
3A.3
9.0
6.6
8.2
31.2
10.9
6.5
11.5
32.2
11.3
7.0
12.3
29.2
12.4
8.9
10.3
37.5
9.2
6.7
6.5
IV
1977
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
IV
1978
IV
1977
8.4
6.1
8.4
22.1
8,2
6.0
8.3
21.2
5.8
4.1
6.1
14.8
5,0
3.3
5.0
1A.7
12.8
10.5
11.5
31.A
11.6
9.0
10.6
31.1
5.8
5.8
4.1
6.2
14.3
6.0
4.6
6.2
14.5
5.3
3.8
5.6
13.4
A.6
3.1
A.6
13.A
8.5
6.9
8,8
17.A
15.2
11.8
13.2
40.7
13.9
10.2
13,1
36.8
10.8
7.7
10.1
34.9
9.0
6.6
7.9
32.0
17.6
15.0
1A.1
A5.0
IV
Nonmetropolitan areas
Nonpoverty
areas
IV
Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
72
35.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1977
IV
1978
Percent of unemployed:
Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship
Total
With no
employed
person in
family
With at least
With at least one person in
one employed family emperson in
ployed full
family
time
With no
employed
person in
family
With at least
With at least one person in
family emperson in
ployed full
family
time
one employed
TOTAL
6,149
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 3
61.6
55.0
5,605
38.0
62.0
56.3
28.9
49.7
14.1
10.4
71.1
50.3
85.9
89.6
63,
38.
79.
85.
4,775
963
1,206
1,548
27.2
48.5
10.7
11.0
72.8
51.5
89.3
89.0
66.1
39.1
83.9
85.3
79.5
34.0
20.5
66.0
14.4
55.4
379
679
830
79.7
33.9
20.3
66.1
13.7
58.0
36.6
63.4
56.8
4,287
35.9
64.1
58.5
4,050
1,017
1,099
1,284
26.4
49.6
13.6
9.1
73.6
50.4
86.4
90.9
66.0
37.5
80.5
87.5
3,638
801
1,019
1,217
24.5
48.8
10.2
9.8
75.5
51.2
89.8
90.2
68.9
38.8
84.6
87.0
247
403
655
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
38.4
4,705
Unemployed, in families'
5,320
1,219
1,328
1,638
409
726
829
Unemployed, total
71.7
30.3
28.3
69.7
19.4
58.1
218
383
649
75.2
29.2
24.8
70.8
17.0
61.9
1,336
44.4
55.6
49.2
1,194
45.1
54.9
48.4
1,186
179
202
332
37.4
49.7
17.3
15.1
62.6
50.3
82.7
84.9
55.4
40.8
75.7
77.7
1,03 7
141
166
295
36.7
46.8
13.3
16.3
63.3
53.2
86.7
83.7
55.7
39.0
80.1
77.6
158
315
150
92.4
39.0
7.6
61.0
6.3
51.7
156
279
157
85.3
40.1
14.7
59.9
9.6
52.3
White
Unemployed, total
Unemployed, in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives o f female heads
Unemployed, not ir\ families 3
Black 4
Unemployed, total
Unemployed, in families 1
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families . . . .
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 3
In primary families only.
2
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.
Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According t o the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and o t h e r " population group.
4
73
HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
IV
1977
IV
1978
Percent of employed:
Percent of employed:
Family relationship
Total
With no other With snotlt0r
employed per- employed perper employed-person in family son in family
With another
person in
family employed full
time
With no other With another
employed per- employed person in family son in family
With another
person in
family employed full
time
TOTAL
Employed, total
Employed, in families1
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families ,
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads .
Employed, not in families3 .
Employed, total
Employed, in families1 .
2
Husbands
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families .
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families3
Employed, total
Employed, in families1 .
Husbands2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families .
Relatives of female heads .
Employed, not in families3 .
See footnote 1, table A-72.
See footnote 2, table A-72.
74
92,442
79,990
39,339
21,471
11,734
4,208
3,238
12,452
37.9
28.2
41.4
8.6
6.2
66.5
27.9
62.1
71.8
58.6
91.4
93.8
33.5
72.1
52.9
61.1
42.3
86.8
90.6
23.8
60.8
96,010
82,485
39,859
22,478
12,290
4,523
3,335
13,525
37.2
26.9
39.2
7.9
6.5
67.3
27.3
62.8
73.1
60.8
92,
93,
32,
72,
53.7
62.5
44.2
88.1
90.2
21.6
61.9
82,378
37.4
27.9
41.9
8.1
6.1
64.3
27.8
62.6
72.
58,
91.
93.9
35.7
72.2
53.1
61.1
41.4
87.3
90.8
24.8
61.1
85,230
73,468
36,309
20,193
11,102
3,352
2,512
11,762
36.7
26.5
39.7
7.5
6.4
65.0
26.5
63.3
73.5
60.3
92.5
93.6
35.0
73.5
53.9
62.6
43.2
88.6
90.6
22.7
63.0
8,574
42.7
7,252
2,877
1,817
819
1,053
686
1,322
32.3
36.6
13.4
7.6
74.1
29.6
57.3
67.7
63.4
86.6
92.4
25.9
70.4
50.3
59.5
52.2
81.6
87.8
19.8
58.3
9,113
7,628
2,942
1,882
940
1,096
768
1,485
42.3
31.1
34.9
11.6
8.8
74.2
29.7
57.7
68.9
65.1
88.4
91.2
25.8
70.3
50.8
60,
54.
83.0
85.1
18.7
58.5
71,498
| 35,938
19,295
10,705
3,084
2,476
10,880
See footnote 3, table A-72.
See footnote 4, table A-72.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division 1919 to date
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Mining
Construction
133
239
089
185
114
050
087
009
1, 036
863
1, 461
, 570
, 623
, 621
, 512
, 387
Service-producing
Manufacturing
2, 676
2, 603
2, 800
2, 846
2, 915
2, 995
3, 065
3, 148
533
526
2, 532
2, 622
2 54
816
672
750
786
973
134
863
936
038
5, 284
4, 683
4, 755
5, 281
5, 431
5, 809
6, 265
6, 179
6, 426
6, 750
1, 762
1, 835
4, 664
4, 914
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
3, 169
2, 918
2, 861
3, 045
3, 128
3, 312
3, 503
3, 458
3, 502
3, 665
3, 264
3, 225
3, 166
3, 299
3, 481
3, 668
3, 756
3,883
3, 995
4, 202
560
559
565
652
753
826
833
829
905
996
2, 704
666
601
647
2, 728
842
923
054
090
3, 206
20, 574
21, 636
22,320
22,53 6
22,867
24, 404
25, 348
26, 092
26, 189
26. 691
3, 274
3, 460
3, 647
829
906
061
166
189
001
4, 034
7, 210
7, 118
6, 982
7, 058
7, 314
8, 376
8, 955
9, 272
9, 264
9, 386
1, 960
1, 906
1, 822
1, 845
1, 949
2, 291
2, 471
605
602
2, 635
5, 250
5, 212
5, 160
5, 213
5, 365
6, 085
6, 484
6, 667
6, 662
6, 751
1, 525
1, 509
1, 481
I, 461
1, 481
1, 675
1, 728
1, 800
1, 828
3, 905
066
130
660
483
080
043
944
595
474
650
856
02 6
1, 340
2, 213
2, 905
2, 928
2, 808
2, 254
1, 892
1, 863
1, 908
1, 928
3, 320
3, 270
3, 174
3, 116
3, 137
3, 341
3, 582
3, 787
3, 948
4, 098
16, 393
16, 632
17, 549
16, 314
16, 882
17,243
17, 174
15, 945
16, 675
16, 796
27, 860
28,595
29, 128
2 9, 2 39
30, 128
31, 265
31, 889
31, 811
32, 857
33, 755
4, 226
4, 248
4, 290
4, 084
4, 141
4, 244
4, 241
3, 976
4, 011
4, 004
9,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
11,
11,
742
004
247
235
535
858
886
750
127
391
2, 727
2, 812
2, 8 54
2, 867
2, 926
3, 018
3, 028
2, 980
3, 082
3, 143
, 015
192
, 393
, 368
, 609
, 840
, 8 58
, 770
8, 045
8, 248
1, 956
2, 035
2, 111
200
298
389
438
2, 481
2, 549
2, 629
389
609
645
751
914
277
616
839
083
353
2, 302
2, 420
2, 305
2, 188
2, 187
2, 209
2, 217
2, 191
2, 233
2, 270
087
188
340
563
4, 727
069
399
648
850
6, 083
16, 326
16, 853
16, 995
17, 274
18, 062
19, 214
19, 447
19,776
20, 167
19,367
18, 623
19, 151
20, 154
20, 077
18, 323
18, 997
19, 647
20, 331
34, 142
35, 098
36, 013
37, 278
38, 839
40, 743
42,495
44, 160
46, 023
47, 302
48, 278
50, 007
51, 897
53, 471
54, 345
56, 030
57, 968
60, 380
3, 903
906
903
95]
036
158
268
4, 318
4, 442
4, 515
4, 476
4, 541
4, 656
4, 72 5
4, 542
4, 582
4, 696
4, 858
11, 337
11, 566
11, 778
12, 160
12, 716
13, 24 5
13, 606
14, 099
14, 705
15, 040
15, 352
15, 949
16, 607
16, 987
17, 060
17,755
18, 492
19, 392
3, 133
3, 198
3, 248
3, 337
3, 466
3, 597
3, 689
3, 779
3, 907
3, 993
4, 001
4, 113
4, 277
4, 433
4, 415
4, 546
4, 697
4, 8 97
8, 204
8, 368
8, 530
8, 823
9, 250
9, 648
9, 917
10, 320
10, 798
11, 047
11, 351
11, 836
12, 329
12, 5 54
12, 645
13, 209
13, 795
14, 496
2, 688
2, 754
2, 830
2, 911
2, 977
3, 058
3, 185
3, 337
3, 512
3, 645
3, 772
3, 908
4, 046
4, 148
4, 165
4, 271
4, 452
4, 676
7, 620
7, 982
8, 277
8, 660
9, 036
9, 498
10, 045
10, 567
11, 169
11, 548
11, 797
12,276
12,857
13, 441
13, 892
14, 551
15, 249
5, 976
8, 594
8, 890
9, 225
9, 596
10, 074
10, 784
11, 391
11, 83V
12,195
12, 554
12,881
13, 334
13, 732
14,170
14, 686
14, 871
15, 079
15, 478
279
340
3 58
348
378
564
719
737
758
2, 731
2, 696
2, 684
2, 663
2, 724
2, 748
2, 733
2, 727
2, 754
6, 315
6, 550
6, 868
7, 248
7, 696
8, 220
8, 672
9, 102
9, 437
9, 823
10, 185
10, 649
11, 068
11, 446
11. 937
12, 138
12, 352
12, 723
4, 797
14, 771
4, 533
15, 54 0
15, 482
2, 724
12, 7 58
768
780
815
843
870
934
930
930
932
970
987
004
14, 038
13, 835
13, 986
14, 210
14, 397
14, 565
14, 539
14, 58 9
14, 702
14, 731
14, 980
15, 374
, 52 6
, 550
4, 577
4, 609
4, 642
4, 712
4, 746
4, 754
4, 724
4, 732
4, 761
4, 774
5, 316
5, 482
5, 678
5, 866
5, 975
6, 138
6, 213
6, 235
6, 159
6, 201
6, 228
6, 215
15, 352
15, 599
15, 726
15, 766
15, 808
15, 691
14, 929
14, 759
15, 132
15, 556
15, 703
15, 710
, 711
, 720
, 72 5
, 739
, 756
, 802
,815
, 793
, 744
, 746
2, 746
2, 755
12,641
12,879
13, 001
13, 027
13, 052
12,88 9
12, 114
11, 966
12, 388
12, 810
12, 957
12, 955
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
...
...
. ..
...
. ..
...
. ..
.. .
...
...
26, 635
23, 615
23, 699
25, 940
27, 039
29, 068
31, 011
29, 194
30, 603
32, 361
10,
8,
8,
10,
10,
11,
12,
11,
12,
13,
272
647
965
261
893
933
936
401
297
221
873
731
744
883
897
946
1, 015
891
854
92 5
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
...
..
..
. .
..
..
...
..
..
..
36,
40,
42,
41,
40,
41,
43,
44,
43,
45,
15, 963
18,470
20, 114
19, 328
17, 507
17, 248
18, 509
18, 774
17, 565
18, 506
957
992
92 5
892
836
862
955
994
930
901
1, 814
2, 198
1, 587
1, 108
1, 147
1, 683
Z, 009
2, 198
2, 194
2, 364
13, 192
15, 280
17, 602
17, 328
15, 524
14,703
15, 545
15, 582
14, 441
15, 241
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
712
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
637
668
659
646
839
039
962
817
004
926
672
650
635
634
632
62 7
613
606
619
62 3
609
628
642
697
752
779
809
837
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
4,
4,
3,
3,
3,
4,
859
948
010
097
232
317
248
350
575
588
704
889
097
020
525
576
833
213
47, 819
48,793
50, 202
48,990
50, 641
52, 369
52, 853
51, 324
53, 268
54, 189
19,
20,
21,
19,
20,
21,
20,
19,
20,
20,
1961 ...
1962 . . .
1963 . . .
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 . . .
1967 .. .
1968 . ..
1969 . . .
1970 . . .
1971 . . .
1972 . ..
1973 .. .
1974 ...
1975 . ..
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978P. . .
1977:
Dec.
1978:
Jan.. .
Feb . .
Mar . .
Apr..
May .
June .
July. .
Aug . .
Sept. .
Oct ..
Nov.P
Dec.P
53, 999
55, 549
56, 653
58,283
60, 765
63, 901
65, 803
67,892
70, 384
70,880
71,214
73, 675
76, 790
78,265
76, 945
79. 382
82,256
8 5, 760
19, 857
20, 451
20, 640
21, 005
21, 926
23, 158
23, 308
23,732
24, 361
23,578
22,935
23, 668
24, 893
24,794
22, 600
23, 352
24,288
25, 381
959
198
074
751
513
104
964
513
411
434
10,
10,
9,
10,
10,
9,
10,
9,
659
658
939
156
001
947
702
562
14,
14,
16,
16,
17,
17,
18,
17,
250
580
277
895
224
368
023
451
8, 170 • 16, 363
1, 229
14, 968
6, 931
985
824
7, 397 14, 734
877
8, 501 15, 679
927
9, 069 16, 146
1, 160 9, 827 17, 135
1, 127 10, 794 18,075
1, 070
9, 440 17, 793
18, 306
1, 165 10, 278
1, 311 10, 98 5 19, 140 3,
84,464
24, 568
682
3, 896
19, 990
59, 896
4, 773
19, 568
82, 724
82, 962
83,897
85, 075
85, 796
86, 799
8 5, 92 5
86, 134
86, 688
87, 303
87, 779
88,043
24, 018
23, 996
24, 356
24,973
25, 262
25, 839
2 5, 712
25, 997
26, 131
26, 161
26, 150
25, 976
669
668
686
8 58
870
895
900
902
894
897
903
896
3, 507
3, 464
3, 675
4, 014
4, 183
4, 462
4, 572
4, 633
4, 586
4, 601
4, 516
4, 347
19, 842
19, 864
19, 995
20, 101
20,209
20, 482
20, 240
20, 462
20, 651
20, 663
20, 731
20, 733
58, 706
58, 966
59, 541
60, 102
60, 534
60, 960
60,213
60, 137
60, 557
6 1 , 142
61, 629
62,067
4, 706
4, 720
4, 759
4, 808
4, 842
4, 920
4, 856
4, 870
4, 908
4, 952
4, 970
4, 990
18,
18,
18,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
1.9,
19,
19,
20,
1
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion, has resulted in an increase of
212,000(0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month.
State
and
local
253
352
857
033
154
251
425
361
12, 8Z8
12,760
12,489
12,911
12, 738
12, 618
13, 301
11, 958
1951 ...
1952 .. .
1953 . . .
1954 . . .
1955 . . .
1956 . . .
1957 ...
1958 . . .
1959 \ ..
1960 . ..
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
27, 078
27, 340
28,766
29, 806
29, 962
29, 986
31, 324
29, 409
.
.
.
Whole
sale
trade
1, 096
1, 160
1, 218
1, 290
1, 352
1,420
1, 494
1, 460
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. .
...
539
106
434
864
374
652
857
866
754
197
3, 7 1 1
998
826
942
895
828
916
3, 685
Wholesale and retail trade
4, 514
4, 467
5, 576
5, 784
5, 908
5, 874
6, 123
5, 797
1919
1920
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
.
.
.
.
.
Transportation
and
public
utilities
806
615
801
053
267
499
469
519
634
701
967
378
4,
4,
4,
5,
392
326
280
304
320
373
417
410
447
485
5,
5,
5,
5,
222
697
025
181
240
357
4,
5,
6,
6,
5,
5,
5,
5,
5,
6,
5,
5,
5,
5,
6,
6,
6,
6,
7,
7,
547
699
835
969
240
497
708
765
087
378
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
7,
7,
7,
8,
8,
p= preliminary.
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
Nov.
1977
84, 2 76
84, 464
87, 303
87, 779
88, 043
_
68, 786
68, 982
71, 747
72, 076
72, 333
896
1977
TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
-
Dec.
1977
N OV.
Dec.
1977
_
_
56, 449
Oct.
1978
56, 612
Nov.
1978 P
_
_
58, 771
59, 063
59, 273
685
678
841
682
897
903
82. 8
9.3
36.4
91.4
18.2
36.4
96. 9
25. 6
34.2
97.4
25. 5
34.3
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING
248. 0
244. 6
83. 7
80.3
245.4
242. 3
249. 5
246.4
390. 2
391. 7
427. 7
430.4
138
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas
liquids
Oil and gas field services
171.6
218. 6
171. 7
220. 0
180. 3
247.4
181. 1
249. 3
14
142
144
147
N O N M E T A L L I C M I N E R A L S . EXCEPT F U E L S . . . .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
120. 0
41. 8
36. 1
23.5
114. 8
39. 1
33.4
23.6
127.
44.
38.
23.
1
6
9
7
126. 1
44. 2
38.3
23. 7
4, 062
3, 896
4, 601
4, 516
3, 212
3, 043
3, 718
3, 633
1, 156. 0 1, 129.4 1. 295.4
605.6
597. 6
695. 1
78. 9
77.4
83. 1
471. 5
454.4
517.2
1, 280. 5
686.2
83. 6
510. 7
900. 7
463. 2
53.3
384. 2
869. 8 1, 026.9
450. 7
544. 4
52.0
55. 8
367. 1
426. 7
1, 009. 7
535.2
55.4
419. 1
988. 0
342. 1
645. 9
944. 6
311.4
633. 2
670. 2
231.2
439. 0
585. 7
177. 9
407. 8
2, 062. 0 2, 007. 6 2, 317O 3
497.2
497. 7
546.4
125. 7
132. 9
156. 3
351. 3
352. 7
387. 9
320. 4
330.4
379. 1
122. 8
125.2
138. 5
137.6
149. 2
173.4
2, 290. 9
542.6
153. 1
389. 5
376. 2
137. 0
168. 8
MINING
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
11, 12
12
13
131,2
CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
.
Nonresidential building construction
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
844. 0
271. 1
572. 9
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
32-39
20-23,
26-31
-
499
678
68. 9
13. 5
28. 0
75.0
2 0. 9
26.2
75. 2
20. 7
26. 3
212'.. 6
209. 6
66. 3
63. 4
204. 2
201. 5
209. 0
206.2
-
272. 1
-
640
60. 3
5. 1
2 7. 6
273. 2
297. 2
299. 5
-
87. 2
184. 9
86. 7
186. 5
87.3
209. 9
88. 1
211. 4
-
95. 2
34, 7
90. 4
32. 2
101. 9
3 7. 7
101.0
37.3
:
4, 347
-
-
.-
-
-
-
818. 8
298. 8
520. 0
777.2
269.6
507.6
1, 641. 3 1, 587.2 1, 872. 1
421. 5
377. 5
376. 6
112. 0
132. 8
104. 8
274. 1
272.2
305. 6
283. 9
2 74. 2
331. 3
97. 8
95. 8
109. 3
121. 8
110. 7
144. 0
1, 845. 9
417. 7
130. 0
307.2
328. 0
107. 8
139. 7
_
-
3, 454
—
-
-
19, 977
NONDURABLE GOODS
20, 663
20, 731
20, 733
14, 3S7
14, 378
14, 878
14, 93 5
14, 937
11, 877
12, 411
12, 482
12, 518
8, 503
8, 540
8, 926
8, 987
9, 018
8, 161
DURABLE GOODS
19, 990
11, 816
MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
759. 0
215. 8
543.2
Dec.
1978 P
8, 113
8, 2 52
8, 249
8, 215
5, 884
5, 83 8
5, 952
5, 948
5, 919
741. 3
86.4
233. 8
194.4
32. 8
212. 1
77. 0
47.3
26. 2
46.9
42. 0
85. 7
58. 6
81.3
743. 0
83. 3
233. 9
194. 3
33.0
211. 8
76. 8
48. 0
26. 0
46. 8
41. 8
90. 7
64.4
81. 5
761. 1
93. 0
240. 5
200. 0
33. 8
215.2
77. 5
47. 8
26.2
47. 6
43. 0
83.4
57. 3
86. 0
755. 0
90. 2
239.3
199. 0
33. 5
215.2
77. 2
48. 3
26.4
47. 3
42.6
81. 1
55. 5
86. 6
752.2
63 5. 0
70. 9
209. 2
174. 2
29. 1
180. 8
63. 8
40. 1
23.4
41.5
37. 1
69. 1
48. 3
67. 9
634. 7
67. 7
209.2
174. 0
29. 3
180. 0
63. 8
40. 4
23.0
41.4
36. 8
72.9
52. 9
6 8. 1
652. 3
76.9
215. 3
179. 6
29. 7
181. 9
64. 0
39. 6
23.4
41. 8
38. 1
67. 7
48. 7
72. 4
644. 3
74. 0
213. 7
17 8.3
29.4
181.0
63. 5
39. 7
23.6
41. 3
37.6
65.2
46. 6
72. 8
642. 0
480. 9
397. 1
146.4
101. 3
30.3
32. 1
42. 7
24. 0
60. 7
26.4
484. 2
32 8. 7
147.4
102. 2
30.4
32.2
43. 5
24.2
61.0
26. 8
491. 4
331.4
146. 3
104. 9
30. 0
33.4
45. 5
24. 9
63. 7
2 5. 9
492. 8
332. 3
146. 7
105.4
30. 9
32. 2
45. 8
24. 9
63. 7
26. 1
493.2
396. 7
279. 0
129. 2
84. 9
24.4
25. 1
34.6
18.3
46.3
18. 5
398. 9
2 80. 1
130.2
85. 6
24. 3
25. 1
35. 1
18. 5
46. 5
18. 7
404. 5
281. 8
129. 4
87. 1
24. 1
26. 1
3 7. 0
18. 9
48. 8
18. 0
405. 8
282. 9
130.0
87.4
25.0
25. 1
37. 2
19. 0
48. 6
18. 1
405. 1
DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
..
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprinos
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
See footnotes at end of table.
76
. . .
. .
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued
[In thousands]
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
1977
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools,and hand saws and blades . . .
Hardware, nee
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
Nov.
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgmgs and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and acessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
687. 9
21.9
137. 9
78. 1
59- 8
44. 8
31. 2
52. 0
47. 7
204. 3
23. 3
70.2
90. 2
135. 3
26. 6
21. 7
30. 0
Production workers
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
678.
21.
136.
77.
0
7
7
9
709- 6
18. 8
138. 9
58.
44.
31.
51.
8
7
1
5
77.8
61. 1
48.7
32. 1
52. 2
48. 6
214. 9
25. 0
73. 0
95.8
142. 8
28. 9
22.8
30. 7
698. 9
_
_
_
_
_
-
551. 4
17. 7
119. 7
70. 1
49. 6
46. 9
196. 7
22. 7
68. 7
84.8
136. 5
27. 3
21. 3
30. 3
709- 6
18. 7
138. 6
77. 0
61. 6
49- 3
32. 3
52. 3
48. 9
212. 6
25. 1
72. 4
94. 0
144. 2
29. 2
23. 1
31. 2
104. 8
50. 6
35.8
25. 5
41. 2
40. 8
169- 4
17.8
57. 2
77. 2
107. 8
16.8
19. 1
16.4
19. 8
17. 7
2 3 0. 1 1, 238. 0
559.8
475. 1
30.4
246. 2
155. 0
23.4
56. 4
68. 3
34. 6
212. 3
34. 2
37. 6
83.8
97. 3
53. 6
916. 3
918. 1
961. 9
417. 5
355. 5
22. 1
418. 7
357.2
21. 9
193. 1
12 5. 7
192. 9
125. 1
16.4
43. 7
52.4
26.9
144. 2
21. 5
24. 3
61. 7
77. 7
44. 0
441.
376.
2 3.
197.
1, 174. 0 1, 175. 5 1, 220. 3
557. 5
537. 5
537.4
473. 7
456. 0
455.8
28.7
28.7
29. 8
235. 5
235. 4
241. 3
151. 1
150. 1
150. 4
2 0. 5
23. 2
20. 8
54.2
54. 7
55.8
67. 0
67. 0
68. 4
33. 2
34. 5
33. 1
210. 8
197. 1
199- 0
33. 3
28.4
28.2
37. 5
33. 4
32. 9
82. 1
83. 1
83. 4
95. 9
93. 5
93. 8
52. 2
52. 0
52. 9
1,
1, 617. 9 1, 620. 4 1, 684. 9
77.4
75. 2
73. 7
62.2
63. 5
60. 6
182. 5
184. 5
189- 8
59.2
64. 5
59. 8
107. 4
108. 7
108. 9
71.5
71.3
70 7
25. 7
26. 1
26. 5
34. 6
34. 2
33. 9
513. 2
488. 8
488. 9
103. 6
100. 1
100. 3
84.2
86. 9
84. 1
147. 8
141. 9
14Z.8
104. 1
98. 0
98. 1
32. 5
33. 9
32. 0
103. 7
110. 1
103. 0
49.2
52. 9
48. 6
57. 2
54. 5
54. 4
305. 3
298. 0
299. 1
51. 4
55. 1
51. 2
117. 0
118. 1
116.8
121. 3
119. 2
119- 9
95. 2
94. 1
98. 9
67. 0
70. 4
66. 9
28.2
27. 2
28. 5
57. 0
57. 6
59. 1
24. 3
24. 5
24. 3
248.2
259. 6
246.8
98.4
100. 1
97.8
52. 9
49. 0
49. 1
1,
2, 234. 5 2 , 264. 0 2 , 3 8 3 . 6
136. 3
131. 3
123. 9
45. 2
44. 9
44. 7
79.2
86. 4
91. 1
165. 0
164. 7
164. 9
148.2
147. 9
148. 9
365. 4
397. 6
363.8
176. 3
163.2
164. 5
2,
694.
77.
64.
191.
7 1, 703. 5
8
0
3
64. 9
110. 0
72. 3
26.8
34. 1
515. 5
104. 7
87.2
148. 9
104. 6
34. 1
111. 6
53. 5
58. 1
307. 8
56. 0
118. 9
121. 5
-
—
-
99. 2
70. 9
28. 3
59. 3
24. 7
259. 9
101. 1
53.4
406. 1 2, 436. 2
137.2
—
45. 0
92.2
165.
149401.
177.
9
0
0
9
-
Nov.
1977
33.7
24.8
41. 7
40. 3
159. 9
15. 9
55. 2
72.2
103. 5
18. 5
Dec.
1977
542.2
17. 5
118. 5
69- 9
48. 6
33.4
24. 7
41.2
39. 4
153. 0
15. 5
54. 0
66. 9
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
564. 6
14. 4
119. 4
68. 8
-
-
16. 7
43.2
52. 0
26. 7
143. 5
21.4
24. 3
60. 9
77. 9
44. 1
Dec.
1978 P
565.
14.
119.
68.
51.
36.
25.
41.
41.
167.
17.
57.
75.
108.
20.
17.
7
5
4
1
3
7
9
3
3
7
9
0
5
6
0
8
554. 3
972. 0
443. 9
378. 3
23. 9
2 02. 3
129. 6
19- 1
980. 9
-
-
3
8
2
5
125. 9
18. 9
44. 8
53. 5
28.0
154. 5
25.
28.
61.
7944.
9
1
9
6
6
45. 4
53. 4
28. 1
156. 2
26. 6
28.4
62. 5
80. 9
45. 2
_
_
_
_
_
—
-
1, 230. 7 1, 230.6
61. 7
63. 0
51. 2
52. 6
142. 5
143. 9
46. 1
46. 6
84. 7
85. 3
53.0
53. 3
21. 0
21. 3
24. 3
24. 5
346. 8
348. 1
72. 1
71. 8
65. 0
64. 8
93.2
93.8
72. 7
72. 2
22. 9
23.2
80. 9
81.4
40. 0
40. 6
40. 9
40. 8
243. 7
242.8
41. 3
41. 3
99.6
99. 7
93. 6
94. 3
77. 3
78. 5
55. 6
55.8
21. 7
22. 7
40. 4
39- 8
17. 4
17. 4
182. 7
181. 5
66. 5
65. 8
37. 7
37.8
1,281.4 1, 289. 5 1, 294. 6
65. 0
65. 5
_
53. 6
54. 3
_
148. 0
149- 1
50. 8
50. 9
85. 1
86. 2
54. 1
53. 4
21. 8
21. 5
24. 4
2 3.8
365. 2
366. 9
75. 9
74. 9
65. 6
65. 8
97. 5
96. 6
77. 9
78. 1
24. 5
24. 6
86. 5
87. 8
43. 7
44. 1
43. 7
42.8
2 50. 4
248. 0
44. 0
44. 8
100. 8
99. 9
95. 7
96. 0
81. 4
81. 8
58.7
59.2
22. 7
22. 6
41. 2
41. 1
17. 1
17. 3
192. 7
192.8
68. 0
68.8
41.2
41. 1
1, 468. 9 1, 4 9 1 . 9
84. 5
79. 3
23. 6
23. 6
55. 7
60. 9
113. 7
113.4
102. 0
101. 9
243. 0
244. 9
112.4
114. 5
1, 570.
89.
23.
65.
1 1 587.8 1, 612. 3
—
0
89. 8
9
23. 7
—
1
66. 1
115. 1
116. 7
—
104. 3
104. 8
266. 4
268. 9
122. 2
120. 8
See footnotes at end of table.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
197 8 P
23.2
54.9
19.3
27. 7
252.9
45. 1
16.0
104.0
46.0
25.2
126. 0
28.4
21.6
21.9
210. 8
37. 9
45. 6
17. 6
23. 9
17. 8
16. 5
167. 5
120. 1
132. 6
92.4
209. 8
31. 8
178.0
Dec.
1978 P
22.9
55.5
19. 1
28. 5
255. 5
45.9
16.2
104. 8
46. 7
25.2
128. 5
28. 8
22. 5
22. 1
212.7
37.8
46. 6
17.3
24. 1
18. 1
16.7
170. 5
122.3
130.8
91. 0
214.4
32. 5
181.9
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies. . _
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
See footnotes at end of table.
78
32.9
69. 9
30.4
35. 7
331.3
65.5
23. 0
127. 8
60.6
32.9
194. 1
44. 5
30.9
33.,2
301.'0
61.3
57. 8
28.2
36.2
24. 7
22.4
327.5
253.9
176.3
122.6
251.7
37.8
213.9
, 922.3
121.2
55.4
65. 8
236.4
128. 1
65.4
186.2
44. 7
21. 8
55. 7
210. 5
38.6
84.4
24. 0
24. 1
130. 9
100. 7
472. 8
151. 6
321.2
408. 6
41.4
150. 8
158. 6
155. 7
28.2
77.6
1, 878. 8
977.3
457. 3
49.0
443. 8
27. 2
461.9
249. 5
124.5
87.9
226. 9
180.4
46. 5
50. 0
77. 5
59. 1
33.3
70. 7
30. 8
34. 5
335.2
67. 1
23.3
129. 0
61.2
33. 5
195.4
44. 7
31.2
33.6
302.9
61.5
57.7
28.5
36.6
25.0
22.4
332.0
257.4
179.3
125.4
257.5
39.0
218. 5
36.0
78.6
32. 7
39.9
346.7
70.4
24.2
129.6
64. 8
33. 5
200. 8
45.9
30. 6
37.0
315.2
61.4
59. 1
30, 0
37.6
25.9
22. 7
362.2
2 84.0
188. 1
130. 5
272. 0
40. 2
231. 8
1. 925. 1 2, 006. 8
121. 1
121.2
55.9
57.2
65.2
64. 0
237.3
245. 8
129.4
132. 0
64.6
68.6
185.4
182.3
45.0
42. 1
22. 2
22. 0
54.0
54.3
220. 5
211.2
38. 7
38.9
84.7
91. 8
24. 2
23.2
24. 0
25.2
126. 2
129.2
99.3
99. 9
500. 9
474.9
152. 8
152.0
348. 1
322. 9
409. 7
449. 6
41. 6
43.4
150. 0
170. 5
173. 7
159. 9
160.3
156.3
29.4
28.3
80. 5
78. 1
35.9
79.3
32.8
40. 7
350.2
71.5
24.6
130.4
65. 7
33.5
203. 7
46.3
31. 8
37.2
318. 8
61. 5
60.4
30. 0
38. 1
26.3
22.9
365. 9
286.3
186.3
128.9
277. 1
41. 1
236. 0
, 018. 7
121. 8
57. 7
64. 1
248.0
133.0
69. 1
175. 0
38. 7
21. 5
52. 8
222.4
39.2
92.4
23. 5
25.2
126. 1
99.9
506. 5
153. 5
353. 0
456. 7
43. 8
174. 2
175.9
162. 2
29. 8
81.2
1, 916. 1 2, 010. 7 2, 029. 0
992.0 1, 006. 5 1, 015. 0
468.2
464.2
466. 6
53. 5
49. 5
54.0
457.3
462.3
446.4
31.5
32. 1
27.9
564. 5
553. 1
481.4
327. 7
320. 8
266. 7
137. 1
134.5
125.9
99.7
97. 8
88. 8
216.0
215.2
227. 7
166.9
167. 7
181.5
48.3
48.3
46.2
61.4
50.3
60.2
82. 8
81.9
83.0
62.6
63. 1
63.0
21. 1
47.4
18. 3
24. 7
241.4
42, 6
15. 1
102. 6
43, 1
24.. 5
122.3
27. 8
22. 0
19. 5
202.3
38.4
44.3
16. 8
23.4
17. 1
16.3
149. 7
105.4
124. 2
87. 1
193.3
30. 0
163. 3
21. 1
48.4
18. 7
23.3
245. 0
44. 0
15.4
103. 8
43.6
25. 1
123. 7
27.9
22.3
19. 8
203.3
3 8. 6
44.2
16. 8
23.6
17.3
16.2
151. 5
107. 1
127. 1
89. 8
198.2
31. 1
167. 1
2, 019. 8 1, 271. 1
1, 272. 0 1, 318. 8 1, 329.6
86. 9
87.5
86.6
80. 8
40. 7
41. 1
39.6
39. 1
46.2
46.4
47.0
47. 7
170.4
176.4
169. 5
178. 3
97. 1
99.3
96. 5
100. 5
42.3
44.6
44. 8
42. 3
137.3
145.3
146. 2
143.9
35.3
35. ].
32. 7
29. 7
17. 0
16. 8
17.3
16. 7
42. 7
43. 7
42. 5
43. 8
160. 6
167. 7
169.6
160. 9
34.0
34. 1
34. 5
34. 0
59. 8
65.2
65. 7
59. 9
18.0
16.9
17.2
17. 9
18. 7
19.6
19. 5
19. 0
97. 1
94.4
94. 6
98. 0
72.
73.3
73.6
73. 3
232. 9
245. 2
250. 5
232. 0
103. 9
105. 7
10 6. 6
103. 5
129. 0
139. 5
143. 9
128. 5
258. 1
282. 5
288.3
2 5 7. 1
26.9
28.4
28.6
26. 8
71. 1
80. 7
83. 6
71. 9
113.3
123.4
125.3
112. 2
121. 0
121. 8
123. 5
120. 6
23.0
23.4
23.9
22. 9
62. 8
63. 8
64. 5
62.3
2, 046. 1 1, 303.2
765.2
344. 8
39. 0
360.3
21. 1
229. 1
104.3
70. 2
54.6
182.6
144.6
38. 0
36.4
24. 3
16. 5
1, 332.4
1, 432.2
1, 330. 7 1, 397. 6 1, 414. 0
799.0
777. 9
789. 1
351. 3
354.4
348. 3
39.3
43. 3
43.9
372.6
362. 5
378.4
21. 7
24.9
25.4
243. 2
293.0
300.2
116. 7
154.6
159. 1
71. 1
75. 8
77.0 !
62.6
55.4
64.1
173. 5
183. 4
(*)
133. 7
145. 5
(*)
39. 8
39. 8
37.9
45.9
47. 0
36.5
25.6
25.4
26. 5
17.2
18.4
17. 1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagriculturai payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978*
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
67.6
45.5
67.3
45.3
75.4
49.8
Dec
1978F
73.6
47.8
379
3792
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
625.6
65.2
204.0
48.4
46.9
73.3
26.4
131.5
51.6
62.6
41. 1
128.5
28.9
629.7
65.8
206.4
49.2
47. 1
74.4
26.4
133.0
52.3
63.2
41.2
128.2
28.7
666.6
69.6
218.5
48.9
49. 1
85.3
28.7
144.7
59.2
67.2
41.6
133.4
30. 1
674.4
70.3
221.8
48.6
49. 7
86.4
29.3
147.6
61.3
67.8
41.4
134.0
30.0
39
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
452.9
63.
41.
23.
122.
57.8
64.2
35. 1
66.2
36.4
142.3
50.5
440. 5
62.8
40.8
23.9
109. 3
45.4
63.9
34.6
67.3
37. 3
142.6
51.7
475.5
63.8
40.3
26.0
125.2
64.4
60.8
35.3
73.7
41.9
151.5
54.2
471.2
63.6
40.4
26.4
120.8
60.8
60.0
35.4
74.3
42.2
150.7
54.2
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables'
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
,709.4 1,680.0
356.2
357.9
, 709.0
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978*
Dec.
1978P
51.4
36.1
51. 1
35.9
57.9
39.8
56.7
38.5
677.8
382.6
31.2
129.3
33.7
24.9
45.5
15.5
88.3
34.7
42.2
30.5
65.5
22.3
385.6
31. 7
131.3
34.4
24.9
46.4
15.3
89.6
35.2
42.8
30.5
65.2
22.0
409.2
34.7
139.3
33.7
26.3
54.4
16.3
96.1
39.2
45. 1
30.7
68.7
23.4
416.4
35.8
141. 9
33.7
26.7
55. 1
17. 1
98.9
41.5
45.4
30. 6
69.0
23. 1
421. 0
452. 1
346.9
47. 0
29.8
19. 1
93.7
43.0
50.7
25.4
53.9
30.0
107.8
36. 1
335,3
46.3
29.4
19.3
81. 9
31.3
50.6
24.9
54.7
30.8
108.2
37.2
365.8
47.4
29.3
21.2
98.2
50.2
48.0
25.4
59.7
34.2
113.9
39.2
361.6
47. 1
29.4
21.6
94.1
46.6
47.5
25.5
60. 9
35. 1
112.4
39.0
343. 1
1,689.4 1,159.5 1, 132.4
2 94. 1
295.9
138.6
139.2
51.2
51.0
91.8
93. 1
97. 9
98.2
24.3
24. 1
52.8
52.9
162.3
184.5
20. 1
20.0
52.2
67.7
35. 1
38.9
97.4
98.2
16.2
16.2
37.8
37.9
135.6
135.5
104.7
104.3
30. 9
31.2
91.4
92.4
30.2
29. 1
47.4
49.5
31.4
31.3
106.5
107. 1
34. 1
33.8
48.0
47.8
115.8
116.4
1,188. 1
300.2
138.3
50.6
98.5
99.2
24.7
52.4
199.7
20.7
77. 1
37.8
100.2
15.7
39.8
133. 1
100.9
32.2
92.9
29.3
48.5
29. 1
108. 0
33. 1
49.1
125.7
, 164.3
303.5
139.9
51.2
99.2
99. 1
24.6
52.6
176.4
19.8
61.0
36. 1
99.5
15.8
39.6
133. 6
101.7
31.9
1, 145.9
NONDURABLE GOODS
...
172.2
69.7
101.9
188.9
31.2
122.9
228.8
28.4
84. 0
44.8
144. 6
24.6
61. 1
233.8
194.4
39.4
116.8
36.5
60. 6
43.2
229.3
50.4
133.8
166. 1
171.6
70.0
100.5
188. 1
31.5
122.3
205.3
28.9
67
40. 7
144.0
24.7
61. 1
233. 1
194.2
38.9
116.5
38.2
58.6
42.8
228. 9
50. 6
134.2
165. 1
1,735.6
361.5
170.7
68.9
107.5
190.3
31.7
122. 1
242.7
29.0
93.5
43.0
147. 0
24.8
62.3
228.9
188.3
40. 6
118.5
38.3
59.6
40.3
230.4
49.3
138.4
176.0
77.4
49.5
78.4
49.7
78.6
49.2
76.8
49.4
75.3
62.4
38.7
63.4
38.9
63.8
38.5
62. 1
38.7
61. 0
920.6
159.7
124.7
20.3
26. 0
240.4
28.7
35.2
78.5
35.5
916.5
160.3
125. 1
20.6
26.3
234.4
28.9
35. 1
73. 1
35.5
910.4
152.5
121.4
20.8
26.2
243.2
30. 7
35.2
76.5
37.8
912.3
153.2
121.6
20.9
26.3
239.6
31.2
35.4
74. 1
37.6
910.5
801.4
143.8
111.6
16.9
22. 7
207.3
25.4
32.0
67.0
30.5
797.5
144.4
111.9
17. 1
23.0
201.7
25.6
31.8
61.7
30.6
792.8
137.2
108.5
17.4
22.9
210.2
27.5
32.0
65.1
32.5
795.6
138.0
108.8
17.4
23.1
207.4
28.0
32.2
63.3
32.3
793.7
365.2
172.5
69.3
108.4
188.7
31.6
121.5
218.5
28.6
76. 1
41.2
146.0
24.8
62. 0
229.4
139. 1
40.3
118.9
38.6
60. 1
40.8
229.0
48.9
138.4
172.5
92.8
29.4
48.8
29.6
106.6
32.8
48.5
123.2
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills.
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings . . .
26
261.2.6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
N ov,
1977
Dec.
1977
36.
81.
33.
30.
61.
36.
80.
33.
30.
61.
7
3
5
4
4
134. 2
88. 2
22. 5
72. 6
Oct.
1978
3
9
8
3
4
135. 1
88.3
22. 3
72. 4
1,333. 7 1,313. 6
90. 8
89. 9
378.6
374. 8
104. 5
102. 9
88. 5
88.3
100. 5
100. 3
426. 0
413. 1
57. 4
56. 9
152. 4
159. 2
61. 1
66. 4
143. 0
142. 7
97. 2
96. 3
76.
20.
67.
26.
63.
3
9
8
6
0
191. 8
31. 7
52. 6
35. 7
75.
20.
67.
26.
60.
190. 9
31. 9
52. 5
36. 0
0
4
1
1
7
55. 0
24. 2
48. 0
697.
206.
177.
66.
210.
213. 8
41. 8
106. 4
214.
697.
205.
177.
66.
211.
32. 7
5
8
8
5
5
55.
24.
48.
42.
106.
5
1
7
6
8
0
3
4
0
0
4
32. 8
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services-
1, 155. 4 1, 165. 4
401. 1
402. 8
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins.
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations. . .
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
1, 073. 9 1, 072. 9
163. 4
163. 7
106. 4
107. 1
211. 7
212. 5
See footnotes at end of table.
80
76.
98.
68.
30.
44.
3
8
2
6
3
371. 0
161. 3
186. 9
42. 6
58. 8
39. 1
83. 0
94. 4
181. 7
145. 1
130. 8
40. 6
36. 5
53. 7
66. 2
165. 7
76. 3
101. 4
70. 3
31. 1
45. 1
375. 2
163. 5
188. 8
43. 5
58.8
39. 4
83. 6
94. 8
181. 1
144. 5
129. 3
39. 7
36. 5
53. 1
66. 6
165. 4
Nov.
1978P
37. 1
76.9
33. 5
27. 0
63. 7
134. 5
90.0
21.9
71.2
36.3
79.9
33. 7
29.8
63.6
135.6
90.4
21.9
71.6
1, 326. 1 1, 323.3
88.2
88. 5
367. 8
366.9
104.6
105. 7
83.9
84.2
95.6
91.9
427.4
430. 3
60. 1
59.6
160. 8
158.9
66. 3
63.5
143. 6
144. 9
94. 1
93.6
74.9
74.4
19.2
19.2
68.3
67.5
25. 5
25.6
61.3
61.4
197. 5
196.6
30. 7
30. 9
52.8
52.8
38. 1
38. 1
695. 7
191.2
164. 8
67.4
216. 9
57.3
24.4
49.9
220.2
43. 5
110.0
33. 4
704. 1
199.6
173.2
67.2
216.6
56.9
24.5
50.5
220.7
43. 2
110.3
33.8
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
30.6
68. 9
28. 0
26. 0
49. 9
122.3
81.6
20. 1
58.0
Dec.
1978P
30.3
68.6
28.3
26. 1
49. 8
123. 1
81. 8
19. 8
57.9
31.2
64.9
28. 1
22. 8
51.9
122.5
83. 2
19.6
57.3
30.4
67. 8
28.2
25. 5
52.0
123. 5
83.6
19.5
57.6
1, 307. 8 1, 143. 4 1, 124. 9
78.7
79.4
327.3
323.6
90. 7
89.2
77. 8
77. 5
85.3
85.2
354.4
366. 7
49. 8
50.2
140. 1
133.9
56.7
51.4
119.3
119. 7
82.6
83.3
65.9
66. 5
16. 7
16. 8
57.6
57.2
23. 8
23.8
54.3
51. 7
158.9
159. 1
27.8
27. 7
43. 7
43.4
30.5
29.8
701.6
Dec.
1978P
1, 140. 7 1, 137.0 1, 120.3
77. 5
77.2
317. 0
317.4
91. 9
90. 9
73. 7
73.3
77.9
81.2
372.4
369.4
52.5
52.8
140.4
142.4
54. 5
57. 1
120.4
121. 7
80.4
80.0
65.2
64.7
15.2
15. 3
58.3
57. 5
22. 8
23. 1
52. 8
52.9
164. 8
165.3
27. 1
26. 9
44. 2
44. 2
31. 9
32.0
522. 8
156.3
134.0
51.9
149.5
26. 8
19.3
38.3
165. 1
33. 1
78.5
27. 1
523. 0
157.2
134. 8
52. 1
148. 7
26. 7
19.3
38.6
165.0
33.3
78.4
27.2
522. 3
141. 5
120. 8
52.9
156. 9
33. 1
19.3
38.9
171.0
34. 8
81. 9
27. 7
531. 5
150. 1
129. 5
52.9
156. 9
33. 5
19. 1
39.3
171. 6
34. 6
82. 1
28. 1
531.0
1, 188. 1 1, 201.9
403.9
413. 6
80.4
80. 8
100. 5
102. 1
70. 1
71. 1
30.4
31. 0
46. 5
47. 0
386.2
387. 9
167. 8
168.6
197.3
197. 9
45.6
46.0
62.4
62.2
39.6
39. 9
1, 217.
653. 7
169.3
15.0
49.4
23.4
26.0
24.3
274.6
120.4
135.7
30.4
48.2
29.0
661.0
169.2
15.0
51.3
24.9
26.4
25.9
278. 8
122.2
137.9
31.0
47.9
29. 1
665. 9
160. 4
13. 9
49.4
23. 9
25. 5
28.4
286. 0
124. 8
143. 8
33. 1
51. 5
29.0
676. 0
167. 9
14.0
50. 8
24. 7
26. 1
29. 1
2 87. 2
125. 3
144.3
33.4
51. 0
29. 0
690.9
1, 091. 9 1, 094. 7
165.0
165. 0
109.3
109.4
213. 7
214. 7
84.2
84. 5
94. 7
95. 1
184. 7
186. 0
147.4
148. 6
138.6
137.6
41. 1
41.4
38. 1
38.2
59.4
58.0
70. 1
71. 1
163.3
163.3
1, 091.
613. 0
94.3
58.7
140.6
51.2
65. 8
89.0
68. 5
79.5
26. 0
20. 1
33.4
34.4
84. 7
614. 1
94.0
59.3
141.9
51.9
66.4
89.0
68.4
77.9
25.3
20.0
32.6
35.4
84.8
625.8
92.0
60.3
145.2
51. 8
67. 8
87. 9
67. 1
85. 8
26. 5
21.7
37. 6
36. 6
85. 0
625.6
92. 0
60.4
146.2
52. 1
68. 2
88. 7
67.9
84. 5
27. 0
21. 6
35.9
36.3
84. 4
626.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
1978^
Dec.
1978p
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
1978^
Dec.
1978 P
35.7
35. 6
35.5
35.7
21.7
21.8
22.4
22.5
287
289
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
130.0
67.2
86.9
129.8
67.6
87.0
127.8
68.6
87.9
127.6
68.6
88. 1
63.0
40.8
49.7
63.0
41.5
49.6
62.6
43.3
50.0
61.9
43.4
50. 1
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
205.4
160.9
33. 1
203.5
161.2
30.9
212.0
210.7
134. 8
138.9
163. 1
37.0
102.8
28.9
103.5
36.0
132.2
101
23
139.0
163.3
30
301
302
303.4
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
733.0
129.0
23. 1
732.9
128. 1
23.6
762.9
24. 1
767.5
127.2
23.8
574.3
94.3
Z0. 1
573.7
93.3
20.6
599.2
91.6
21. 1
604.2
92.2
20.8
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
24. 1
112. 7
444. 1
24.3
112.7
444.2
22.4
113.0
477. 1
22.1
114.7
479.7
18.3
88.2
353.4
18.5
88.2
353. 1
16.7
89.0
380.8
16.6
90.5
384. 1
255.3
22. 6
157. 1
65.0
60.7
17.6
33.0
252.2
22. 7
156.8
64.7
61.5
16. 8
30.8
250.4
21. 3
154. 1
62.2
61.3
17.9
31.8
249.0
20.9
153.9
61.6
61.5
17.9
31. 1
246.2
219.0
19.3
137. 1
57.5
52. 1
13.5
27.4
216.0
19.4
136.7
57.4
52. 6
12.8
25.4
214.3
18.0
133.7
54.8
52.7
13.9
26.9
212.7
17.6
133. 3
54. 1
52.9
13.8
26.3
208.8
4, 760
4, 773
4, 952
4,970
4,990
4, 035
4, 048
4, 154
4, 170
4, 189
242.9
66.8
244.0
67. 1
246.6
66.8
248.0
67.4
34.0
34.0
2865
2861,9
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
,
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
126.3
40
4011
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads 2. . * *
546.7
504.9
534. 1
493.0
551.4
508.5
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
264.2
72.9
68.2
36.2
75.0
265. 1
73. 1
68.9
36.4
75.3
266.4
72.0
67.0
37. 1
75.9
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
1,242.0
1,250.6
,163.5
87. 1
44
WATER TRANSPORTATION
195. 1
203.2
209.0
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
388.3
346.3
390.8
348.2
396.7
352.0
18.8
18.9
18.9
159. 3
28.2
603.4
401.2
356.3
18.8
766.2
138.4
207.5
45
451,2
25.6
268.7
72.7
68.0
37. 1
76.7
42
421,3
422
101.5
549.9
507.5
411
412
413
415
208.6
,
1, 153. 1
88.9
32.9
1,299.3 ., 3 0 8 . 3
1,211.2 1,220.4
88. 1
87.9
33.3
1, 101. 1 1, 109.9
1, 023.9 1, 034.6
75.3
77. 2
1, 152.4
1,076.0
76.4
1, 160. 7
1,084. 7
76.0
Air transportation
46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
. .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
WHOLESALE TRADE - DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishing
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
13.5
. .
161.2
173.3
173.5
1,2 54.3
1,258.0
1, 009.7
179.7
1, 013.0
180.3
908.6
722.6
135.0
909.7
722.0
136.6
948.0
748. 8
142.5
950.3
750.5
143. 2
752.2
341.7
157.5
188.9
41.3
754. 2
343. 3
157. 6
188.9
41.4
782.2
362.5
160.4
189.8
44.6
783.6
362.9
160.7
190. 2
44.8
619.8
278.0
129.3
156. 7
36.9
621. 1
279. 8
129.3
156.2
36.7
637.5
292. 7
131.0
154.0
39.3
638.4
292.8
131.4
153.9
39.7
19,568
19,701
19,967
20,378
16,851
17, 319
17,365
17,612
17,990
4, 780
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
13.6
19,088
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
49'
491
492
493
495
13.5
1, 193.8 1, 195.3
964.7
964.4
172. 2
170.9
47
48
481
483
13.6
4, 797
4,970
4,987
5,004
3,941
3, 955
4,099
4, 111
4, 113
2, 273
2, 281
334.5
2,382
349.5
81.7
148.7
52.2
1 14.5
330. 1
196.5
2,400
351.9
82.3
149.4
52.6
114. 6
334.2
197.0
2, 757
404.3
97. 1
169.2
63. 1
132. 1
381. 6
223. 5
2, 767
407. 1
97.0
168.8
63.5
132. 2
383.4
223.9
2,900
426.2
100.7
177.9
62.8
140.8
401.5
236. 7
2,922
429.4
101.7
178.6
63.5
141. 1
405. 1
238.2
332.5
79. 1
141.0
106. 8
315. 8
186.6
79.1
140.4
52.9
106.9
316. 8
187. 1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Dec.
1977
Nov,
1977
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—
Continued
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemical and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
RETAIL TRADE.
1,099. 1
186. 5
2,023
128. 8
132. 9
158.6
618. 8
115.3
226. 7
126. 5
352.4
1, 102.4
188. 5
2, 030
129. 9
132. 1
156.7
623. 5
115. 5
228.4
128.9
354.0
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
14, 771
14, 731
14, 980
577.6
310.2
141. 5
576.7
307. 5
145.4
597. 5
321. 6
142. 7
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials • • •
Hardware stores
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES •
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
2,418, 7 2, 628. 2
1, 971.4 2, 145. 5
304.3
32 5 . 3
143. 0
157.4
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Retail bakeries
2, 161. 9 2, 195. 0
1, 891.0 1, 917.6
2,235.3 2,272.2
1, 967. 8 1, 996. 8
55
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
15, 374
2, 351. 1 2, 480. 3
1, 903. 3 2, 015. 8
296. 7
307.6
151. 1
156.9
54
541
542
546
551,2
553
554
51.0
116.6
1, 818.
860.
246.
637.
51.4
118. 5
8 1, 817.3
9
861.6
5
247.3
7
634.7
47.7
118O5
1, 876.
895.
253.
649.
0
7
9
0
589.0
571
572
573
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
356.4
87. 5
145. 1
603.6
360.8
359.9
89. 5
153.3
89. 1
149.6
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
59
591
592
594
596
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE ?
4, 033. 2
4, 036.4
, 809. 31, 919. 8
547. 1
492.3
121. 1
115.7
542.4
514.9
297. 5 303. 0
104. 8 109. 0
246.0
232. 3
4, 521
5, 533
1, 372. 7 1,379. 6
1, 252.0 1, 258.3
1, 674
106.6
113. 0
123.7
538.0
81.3
178.4
109.6
291.9
1, 717
108. 5
118.6
128.4
545.6
83.3
168.0
113.3
301.6
1, 711
109. 4
119.5
128. 1
53 8.9
83.6
167. 8
114. 9
301. 1
12, 910
13, 364
13,266
13, 501
491. 5
263.0
125.6
511.5
277.4
122.2
513. 7
276.6
124. 9
,455.6 2, 193.4
, 015. 8 1, 788. 5
275.4
303.3
136.5
129.5
108. 9
108.9
1, 570. 1 1, 567.4
1, 610.9
748.6
221.0
107. 1
720. 3
217.
0
571. 5
611. 0
364. 7
91. 9
154.4
899. 1
142.3
335.3
160. 9
170. 9
949. 9
168.4
1, 995. 8 2, 027. 7 2, 060. 8
1, 749. 4 1, 774.3 1, 817.3
1, 877.6
898.0
254. 8
648. 5
598.6
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings •
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
163.6
7
7
0
2
9
1, 900. 9
286.3
134.9
2, 096.4
1, 844. 8
782. 7
121.9
293. 2
143. 5
144. 8
495.4
302. 7
75.6
117. 1
719. 9
217.6
568.3
110. 8
1, 610. 5j
748. 9
222.3
575.3
574.4
876.2
141.9
324.9
167. 9
155. 7
768. 0
119.3
287. 7
140. 3
145.3
810.0
125. 9
301. 8
151.2
150. 5
508. 7
307. 1
77.6
124. 0
496. 9
303.0
75.9
118. 0
509.4
307. 8
78. 3
123.3
4, 335.4
1, 811.4
505.9
121. 5
510. 9
289. 6
100.3
229.9
1, 871. 8
511. 5
125. 5
539.2
304.2
103. 7
233. 8
4, 732
4, 761
3,435
3,443
3, 599
3, 625
1, 434.3
1, 309.1
1, 442. 8
1,316.8
1,077.2
979.9
1,082.6
984.6
1, 118. 1
1, 016. 1
1, 124. 8
1,022.2
367.4
159. 1
143.4
369. 7
160.7
144.0
389.6
170.6
151.2
393.0
171.9
153. 1
813.2
311.9
842.-8
312.2
845.6
311. 8
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612
614
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS • •
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
479.2
202.5
191.2
482.0
204. 7
191. 8
505. 8
218.3
198. 5
509. 8
219. 6
200. 8
62
621
SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND
SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers
181. 3
148.4
182.4
149.4
192. 8
158. 0
63
331
I N S U R A N C E C A R R I E R S •••
Life insurance
1, 164.1
'521. 5
1, 167.6
'522. 7
1. 203.2
520.4
1. 208.7
'520. 9
3,735.2
1, 593.6
447. 3
3, 737. 8
4, 027. 8
3, 9 8 3 . 5
1, 699.4
498.2
1, 596. 5
1, 655.6
461.0
466.6
438.6
271. 1
84.9
194.2
464.6
285.5
88.3
199.0
444. 9
472. 3
275.9 i 281.7
196.7
4, 774
93.2
209.7
195. 0
160. 0
82
13, 877
2,32271
4, 371.0
60
602
See footnotes at endof table.
Dec.
1978P
48. 5
931.
147.
344.
170.
178.
56
561
562
565
566
945.2
2, 2 4 4 . 9
1, 840. 2
282.6
122. 1
120.3
890. 0
139.9
330. 8
159.2
173. 6
993. 5
162.6
366.6
185. 8
182. 0
905.6
157.4
492. 6
266. 0
122. 1
599.6
320. 8
145.4
521
525
Nov.
1978P
1, 668
105. 7
113.5
125.6
533.2
81.2
176. 9
107.3
291. 1
2, 065
134.9
139.3
161. 0
618. 8
116.3
222.4
134. 9
363, 1
14,308
Oct.
1978
902.9
155.9
1, 158. 5 1, 165.2
194. 7
199. 5
2, 070
133.6
138. 7
161. 0
625.4
116.0
221. 7
133.3
364.0
Dec.
1977
Nov.
1977
811.3
310. 9
3. 636
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
632
633
64
Industry
INSURANCE CARRIERS—Continued
Medical service and health insurance
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978?
134. 9
440. 3
135. 8
441. 5
140. 1
469. 9
140. 9
473. 8
376. 9
82 0. 2
417. 6
275. 9
103. 8
376. 8
817. 8
417. 6
276. 3
100.7
401. 5
865. 0
431.4
296. 1
112. 5
404.
869.
435.
295.
113.
65
651
653
655
INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND
SERVICE
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers
66
COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC . . .
29.6
2 9. 8
67
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES. .
96. 8
97. 1
-
SERVICES
15, 537
-
-
99. 6
101. 1
-
-
-
-
15, 540
16, 201
16, 228
72
721
723
726
PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
895. 1
356. 4
280.0
68. 6
898.
356.
283.
68.
899.
355.
281.
70.
1
3
9
3
899.4
355. 2
280.2
70. 5
2,455. 3 2, 637. 6
134. 5
145. 5
87. 8
84.3
104. 7
96. 9
457. 9
437. 3
429. 7
396. 0
217. 5
194. 7
2, 660. 7
146. 6
87.6
107. 5
457. 1
435. 1
220. 8
5
3
0
8
16, 215
-
-
-
GOVERNMENT4
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Executive
Department of Defense
Postal Service
Other executive agencies
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding
-
_
211. 1
-
246. 9
209.2
209. 7
210. 1
196. 0
79. 1
195. 8
82. 1
195. 8
75. 9
192. 3
75. 8
551. 2
600. 8
571. 0
404. 2
42 9. 4
1, 091. 2 1, 087.3
234. 8
236. 3
753. 3
747. 6
881. 2
433. 7
-
1, 103. 3
239. 9
757.4
555. 8
4, 145. 6
548. 8
252.2
786. 8
2, 265. 3
350. 7
4, 152. 8 4, 290. 4 4, 3 10. 4
552. 1 566. 8
566. 7
252. 7
2 50. 0 2 54. 8
787. 8
82 8. 3 830. 8
2, 265. 7 2, 344. 6 2, 353. 3
352.3
-
370. 5
—
3 74. 1
-
-
-
—
_
-
952.3
959. 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1, 520.4 1, 534. 4
1, 543. 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
802. 3
435.0
254. 5
807. 8
437.2
2 58. 0
871.3
472. 1
274. 1
880. 6
477. 0
276. 8
15,490
15, 482
15, 556
15, 703
15, 710
2, 716
2, 724
2, 746
2, 746
2, 755
2, 664. 3
909. 8
650.2
1, 104.3
139. 9
70. 7
410. 6
-
-
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
411. 4
182. 2
636. 2
89
891
893
393. 4
_
4, 639. 9 4, 649. 3 4, 81 7. 8 4, 841. 9
689. 8
664. 7
691. 9
660. 1
287.4
285. 6
2 84. 5
292. 1
918. 6
871. 7
869. 7
922.3
2, 492. 1 2, 490. 9 2, 570. 4 2, 579. 8
1, 512. 4
2, 139. 0 2, 298. 1 2, 315. 4
100. 1 107.2
10 8. 1
450. 8
271. 9
666. 8
MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
-
179. 6
613. 4
SOCIAL SERVICES
316. 2
257. 8
452. 1
276. 9
618. 6
86
316. 5
259. 5
159. 6
:
83
317. 2
259. 5
-
43 5. 3
260. 7
218. 5
88. 0
120. 2
873.3
317. 7
256.6
14, 3 89
157. 9
221.4
87. 1
124. 0
1, 113. 9
236. 8
774.4
811. 0
433. 8
262.0
221. 8
93. 8
117. 7
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
834. 1
523. 9
317. 9
242.9
82
821
822
800. 4
525. 2
323. 6
221.2
90. 6
120. 3
402. 8
812. 5
505. 6
306. 8
242. 3
LEGAL SERVICES
14, 403
390.2
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
81
14, 379
-
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
13, 882
-
-
76
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
-
13, 889
2, 121. 9
99. 0
78
781
783
79
Dec.
1978P
-
246. 0
80
801
802
805
806
113. 8
359. 9
-
914. 5
883. 5
503.9
307. 9
112. 9
357. 8
-
939.6
906. 9
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
110. 8
335. 2
30. 0
905. 2
872.4
75
753
Nov.
1978P
29. 9
920. 0
885. 1
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Oct.
1978
-
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
73
731
732
733
734
736
737
Dec.
1977
2
7
1
5
8
70
701
2,436. 7
134.0
84. 1
96.2
433.3
381. 3
193. 2
Nov.
1977
109. 9
335. 4
Dec.
1978P
2, 673.
907.
668.
1, 097.
140.
70.
1 2, 694.
7
905.
2
646.
2 1, 141.
1 140.
9
72.
5
8
9
8
0
2
2, 694.4
905. 3
651.4
1, 137. 7
140.6
72.4
-
-
669.3
367.9
206. 6
-
673. 6
369.9
209. 2
720. 0
397. 8
217.3
729. 3
401. 8
220. 4
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricurtural payrolls by industry-Continued
[In thousands]
Production worker1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Nov.
1978p
Oct.
1978
Dec.
1978P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978T
1978*
Executive—Continued
Transportation and public utilities, except
Postal Service
Services
Hospitals
Legislative
Judicial
37.6
3 73. 9
229.8
39. 1
37. 1
373.7
231.0
38.8
12.5
37.9
380.3
233.0
38.9
13.0
38.5
378.5
231.7
38.7
12. 9
12.5
12,758
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
12,810
12, 957
12,955
12,774
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
3,434.9 3,479. 9
3,460.0
547.7
554.5
548.4 1,444.4 1,453.0
1,466.2
875. 8
895.2
878.5
9,313.5 9,323.3 9,329. 8
553.7
543. 5
572.0
496.4
516. 1
494.9
5,289.0 5,289.7 5, 199.9
3,503.3
556.8
1,474.9
2,646.4 2, 670.8 2, 708. 7
2,725.9
Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupe visury count for all serie, in this division.
84
896.2
9,453.8
573. 6
517. 6
5,302.6
Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and
exclude Central intelligence and National Security Agencies.
* Not available.
p=preliminary.
••Class I railroads (SIC 4011) — Revised data for August 1978 was incorrectly cited as 448.1 in a
footnote in the December issue of E&E. Correct figure for August 1978 is 489.1.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
METAL MINING
11, 12
13
131, 2
14
142
144
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
34, 002
34, 468
35, 251
35,741
26, 776
26, 888
28, 083
28, 302
28, 474
67
Industry
Sept.
1977
33, 552
1972
SIC
Code
67
78
78
79
5. 8
5. 8
7. 5
7. 3
7. 4
7. 0
COALMINING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . . .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
7. 1
8. 1
8. 2
8. 2
46. 3
46. 5
54. 5
54. 5
55. 0
30. 5
15. 8
30. 7
15. 8
35. 3
19.2
35. 0
19.5
35. 2
19. 8
7.6
2. 4
2. 3
7. 5
2. 4
2. 3
8. 3
2. 7
2. 6
8. 4
2. 7
2. 6
8. 4
2. 7
2. 6
314
343
341
342
0
0
8
2
112. 6'
66. 2
15.9
30. 5
124. 0
75. 3
16. 8
31. 9
122. 6
73. 7
17.0
31. 9
122. 5
73. 4
16. 7
32.4
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
51. 4
13. 3
38. 1
51. 6
13. 0
38. 6
56. 1
16. 6
39. 5
55. 6
16. 5
39. 1
55. 7
16. 5
39.2
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
148. 5
41. 9
9. 3
26.9
17. 2
11. 7
10. 0
149.9
42. 2
9.3
27.2
17. 7
11. 8
10. 1
163. 2
45. 9
10. 5
29.2
18. 5
12. 7
11. 2
162. 6
45. 7
10. 3
29. 0
18. 4
12. 5
11. 3
164. 2
46.0
10. 7
29.2
18. 8
12. 6
11. 5
MANUFACTURING
6, 043
6, 038
6, 250
6, 333
6, 349
24, 25,
32-38
20-23,
26-31
DURABLE GOODS
2, 715
2, 734
2, 880
2, 937
2, 971
NONDURABLE GOODS
3, 328
3, 304
3, 370
3, 396
3, 378
24
241
242
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
100. 6
102.0
4. 5
20. 7
14.5
40. 3
7. 2
10. 0
19. 3
108. 6
5. 4
22.2
15. 6
108. 8
5. 2
22. 4
15.6
43. 2
7. 1
10. 4
20. 5
109. 6
143. 4
108. 3
145. 0
109. 6
45. 0
38. 1
8. 9
10. 4
4. 8
10 3
CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
313
113.
67.
15.
30.
DURABLE GOODS
2421
243
244
245
249
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
4. 9
20. 6
14. 6
39. 5
7. 1
9. 8
18. 7
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
134. 0
102. 6
43. 1
35. 2
8. 2
32
322
3221
3229
323
324
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass contaniers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
127. 5
47. 6
28. 1
19. 5
10. 9
1.4
9. 2
4. 7
8. 7
136. 2
104. 7
43. 7
35. 7
8. 5
9.0
4. 7
42. 6
7. 3
10. 4
20. 7
139. 9
105. 0
44. 0
37. 4
8. 7
10. 1
4. 8
44. 8
37. 9
8. 8
10. 3
4. 8
10. 2
5. 1
22. 3
15. 5
43. 5
7. 1
10. 5
21. 1
8. 8
9. 9
9. 0
10. 1
9. 8
9. 9
127. 1
46. 9
27. 7
19. 2
10. 8
1. 5
131. 8
48. 0
28. 2
19.8
11. 6
1. 7
132. 2
47. 3
27. 4
19. 9
11. 9
1. 7
132. 7
46. 7
26. 8
19. 9
12. 3
1. 7
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Sept.
1977
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
6. 4
17. 3
13. 2
27. 8
6. 4
17. 4
13. 3
27. 8
6.
17.
14.
29.
6.
17.
14.
29.
6.5
17.9
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
112. 8
112. 5
34.
27.
17.
9.
1.
3.
4.
1.
36.
3.
4.
22.
14.
34.
26.
17.
8.
1.
3.
4.
1.
37.
3.
4.
22.
15.
7.
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. . . .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
,
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
,
Misc. fabricated wire products
322. 6
326. 2
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
391. 6
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
357
3573
86
1
5
8
0
9
3
9
0
2
8
4
0
7
3
7
7
0
7
0
3
7
5
3
5
4
20. 2
7
14. 5
21. 8
17. 9
37. 4
13. 4
8. 3
47. 5
7. 4
12. 7
11. 7
27. 2
(ji
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
13.
11.
59.
16.
36.
15.
65.
7.
24.
13.
12.
21.
10.
10.
55.
3.
15.
34.
23.
17.
5.
15.
53.
19.
11.
5. 8
5. 9
3
52. , 8
10., 3
12., 7
105., 9
79. , 8
(ji
3429
343
344
9
0
1
0
5
8
5
4
8
3
1
3
7
6. 5
12.
11.
61.
16.
37.
15.
66.
6.
2
4
0
9
5
8
3
4
0
0
2
5
1
0
7
1
0
2
7
9
3
8
2
0
7
3
24.
14.
12.
21.
10. 9
10. 4
56. 5
3. 7
15. 5
35. 1
23. 2
17. 3
5. 9
15. 3
54. 0
19. 4
11. , 5
396., 6
20. ,6
5., 7
14., 9
2 1 ., 8
17. 8
37., 0
13,. 2
7,. 8
48, . 1
7,. 4
12,. 7
12,. 0
27, . 3
5,. 8
5,. 9
5,, 4
53. 3
10. 3
13.0
108.5
82. 5
4
0
6
5
121. 6
39.
31.
17.
9.
1.
4.
4.
1.
39.
3.
4.
22.
8
(ji
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS—Continued
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
5
3
(ji
325
326
327
329
3
6
7
1
7
6
6
15., 5
7.. 2
337. 3
13.
11.
61.
16.
38.
16.
69.
7.
23.
15.
13.
22.
11.
10.
55.
4.
14.
35.
24.
17.
6.
16.
57.
20.
12.
3
6
9
8
0
7
2
1
3
3
9
3
5
8
7
2
3
0
2
7
5
3
7
8
9
434. 0
22.
6.
16.
21.
17.
41.
14.
9.
51.
2
1
1
9
6
9
6
2
8
8. 4
14. 3
12. 9
29. 8
6. 0
5. 8
7. 0
57. 0
10.,8
13. , 2
125. 9
97. , 4
4
6
6
8
6
125. 1
39.2
30. 7
19.8
10. 1
1. 6
4. 6
4. 5
1. 6
0
7
6
3
1
2
40.
3.
4.
23.
16.
7.
124. 1
39.
30.
19.
10.
1.
4.
4.
1.
40.
3.
4.
23.
16.
7.
2
8
4
0
6
5
5
343. 4
13.
11.
62.
16.
38.
17.
69.
7.
23.
15.
14.
23.
12.
11.
57.
4.
2
5
8
9
7
4
6
2
4
2
1
1
0
1
9
2
15.8
35.
24.
17.
6.
16.
59.
21.
13.
14. 4
30. 4
8
2
6
6
1
1
2
0
441. 9
8
2
6
3
4
9
4
2
5
3
5
1
9
6. 2
5. 9
22.
6.
16.
23.
18.
41.
14.
9.
52.
8.
14.
13.
29.
6. 9
58. 4
10. , 9
13. 7
128.,6
99., 3
3
7
7
6
3
5
348. 2
12. 7
11. 0
63.9
17. 1
39. 5
17. 5
70. 3
7. 3
23. 6
15. 3
14. 2
23. 7
12. 3
11. 4
59. 1
4. 5
16. 3
36. 2
24. 5
17.9
6. 6
16. 1
60.4
21. 1
13. 4
447. 7
23. 3
6. 1
17.2
23. 8
19.0
42. 4
14. 5
9.
53.
8.
14.
4
1
5
9
13. 2
30. 4
6. 2
5.9
7.0
58. 8
11. 1
13. 8
129. 9
100. 4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
358
3585
359
3599
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Sept.
1977
33.4
21.9
45.4
36. 5
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
33.8
22. 1
46.2
37. 0
36. 5
23. 7
47. 0
37.6
36.7
23.6
47.8
37. 5
37.6
24. 5
48. 4
37.9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
788.
43.
19.
23.
86.
47.
27.
62.
11.
4.
28.
93.
24.
40.
71.
54.
166.
6996.
212.
15.
72.
84.
52.
26.
794. 5
43.8
19.6
24. 2
86.9
47.7
27. 9
62.6
11. 1
4. 4
28. 6
94.6
24.2
40. 5
70. 9
53.4
169.2
71.0
98.2
214. 3
15. 6
73. 5
85.7
52.2
2 5.8
823. 1
42. 9
19.9
23. 0
92.2
50.8
29.3
62.2
11.9
4. 9
27. 1
98.8
23.9
43.9
64.2
49.2
177. 0
71.9
105. 1
231. 1
16. 5
79.4
93.4
54. 7
27. 6
836. 3
43. 0
20.2
22.8
93.7
52. 0
29.4
62. 7
11. 2
4. 7
28. 5
101. 6
24. 5
45. 3
67.2
50. 9
179. 3
72.7
106. 6
233. 2
16. 6
80. 1
94.5
55. 6
28.2
844.8
43. 4
20.4
23. 0
94.3
52.4
29. 5
63. 0
10. 7
4. 7
28.8
102.4
24.7
45. 6
68. 4
51.6
181. 4
73. 1
108. 3
235. 9
16. 6
81. 9
95. 3
56. 0
28. 4
37
371
3711
3713
3714
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
374
376
3761
379
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
269.4
125. 8
49.4
5.4
69- 3
82. 0
48. 5
18. 0
15. 5
22.7
14. 9
5.0
15. 1
12.4
12. 9
266.4
128. 7
51. 3
5. 3
70.4
76. 5
43. 0
18. 0
15. 5
23.2
15. 5
4. 6
14.3
11. 5
13.2
285. 0
125.8
46.7
5.7
71. 3
94.7
57.6
19.9
17. 2
21. 7
14.2
5. 1
16. 3
13. 0
15.6
299-8
138.2
55. 2
5.8
75. 1
96. 9
58.7
20. 6
17. 6
22.3
14.6
5. 1
16.2
12. 9
15.7
305. 3
141. 3
56. 3
5. 7
77. 2
99.4
60. 3
20. 9
18.2
22. 5
14.6
5. 3
16. 0
12. 7
15. 4
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
?85
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
257. 5
18. 1
84. 2
24. 0
14.8
32. 1
8. 9
69. 0
29. 6
31.8
22. 9
35. 1
19.3
258. 6
18. 3
84. 1
23.9
14.8
32.2
9.0
69.7
29.7
31. 9
23. 3
3 5. 0
19.2
280. 5
20.8
93. 0
23. 7
15. 7
39. 5
9. 7
77. 0
33.4
34. 7
23.4
37. 7
18. 9
282. 5
21. 1
93. 7
24. 3
15.8
39-2
9.8
77. 7
33. 5
35.2
23.8
37.2
19.2
284. 3
21. 1
93. 9
24.2
16.2
39.3
10. 0
78.3
34. 0
35. 5
23.8
37. 7
19- 5
39
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures
210. 5
27. 2
11. 1
69-9
38.3
31.6
18. 5
35. 1
48.7
214. 1
28. 6
11. 1
69.3
37. 6
31. 7
18. 7
36.9
49.5
217.
30.
12.
64.
35.
29.
18.
39.
52.
224. 9
30.2
12. 3
68.2
38.4
29.8
18. 9
42. 1
53. 2
228. 6
31. 1
12. 1
69. 0
39.3
29.7
19.2
43. 6
53. 6
391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
399
9
0
0
6
5
1
9
7
7
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Sept.
1977
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetic
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
26
261,2,6
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS . .
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists . . . .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
88
536. 9
111. 5
27.6
20. 5
56. 3
39. 1
2 0. 0
138.8
10. 7
70. 3
21. 1
28.8
bl. 5
42. 0
19. 5
41.8
4.8
35. 5
5.8
16. 8
75. 1
541. 6
107. 3
26. 3
20. 5
53. 7
37. 9
2 0. 1
155. 0
10. 0
86. 7
22. 9
28. 2
63. 3
42. 9
20. 4
39. 2
4. 9
35. 4
5. 5
15. 5
70. 4
503.2
108. 0
26.7
20. 5
53.8
37.6
20. 0
110. 1
70. 9
37. 7
5. 1
36.2
5.8
17. 0
76.9
30. 0
15. 6
29.9
15.4
27. 1
15. 1
430. 0
68. 1
50. 5
7. 7
14. 8
153. 2
21. 5
2 5. 1
56. 1
24. 7
15. 2
24. 4
9. 9
6. 8
24. 4
65. 5
40. 4
12. 0
21. 4
431. 5
67. 7
50.3
7.6
14.8
155.0
21.8
2 5. 3
57. 3
24.9
15.2
24. 1
9. 9
6. 7
24.865.8
40. 5
12.4
21.4
430. 9
21. 2
14.9
23. 6
10.2
6. 5
2 5. 5
65. 6
41.3
12. 4
21.2
1, 078. 1
70.2
318. 7
1, 067. 9
1, 076. 6
075. 7
70. 1
319. 8
93. 7
72. 7
83. 6
363. 1
49. 5
140. 3
56. 3
117. , 0
8 3 . ,9
6 7 ., 0
16., 9
58., 5
2 3 .. 5
4 8 ., 8
118. , 7
2 4 ., 3
32., 6
18.. 2
154. , 6
2 5 .. 4
526. 7
111. 1
27. 5
20. 4
56.3
39.7
20. 5
130. 2
9.6
9.8
42.9
11.1
28- 3
62.8
43.2
19.6
67.4
44. 3
5. 1
36. 1
5. 5
15.4
92. 9
71. 6
83. 9
362.2
50. 3
138. 6
55. 1
118.2
84.5
67.6
16.9
58. 4
23. 5
49. 3
17. 5
29. 0
60. 8
41.8
19. 0
65. 0
48. 1
7.8
15. 2
160. 1
22. 9
26. 3
57. 7
27.8
14. 8
23.2
10.2
6. 1
25.4
64. 9
40.8
12. 2
29.2
15. 6
58. 9
48. 0
121.8
24.8
33. 3
18.8
123.
24.
33.
17.
1
7
3
7
155. 5
25.2
160. 6
26. 3
4. 9
35. 7
5. 6
17. 0
74. 5
433. 1
65.4
48. 9
8.0
49. 3
15.4
159.6
23. 3
26. 0
56.9
28. 1
69.2
21.9
3
0
3
6
432. 9
65. 1
312.6
78. 0
61.
42.
19.
45.
29.8
15. 1
69.8
362. 5
50. 8
137. 4
55.4
118. 9
81. 1
65. 5
29. 0
15. 0
311.8
92. 5
69.7
508. 5
112.4
27.6
2 0. 5
56.8
38. 6
19. 9
106. 5
10. 4
38. 3
21. 6
92.4
69. 6
79- 1
366. 0
52. 1
138. 9
55. 7
119. 3
82.2
66.4
15.8
58. 9
22. 5
48. 3
126.2
24. 7
33. 5
19.4
160. 5
25. 6
8. 1
15.4
158. 4
23.9
26. 0
55. 3
28.2
14.8
23. 3
10. 3
5.9
25.8
66.2
42. 0
12. 5
21.2
1, 077. 0
68. 5
310. 3
92. 7
69. 3
77. 6
369. 1
52. 6
140. 4
54.4
121. 7
82. 0
66.2
15.8
59. 0
22.9
47. 7
127. 1
24. 6
33.6
19. 9
159. 6
24. 5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry —Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
262
263
264
265
Sept.
1977
Industry
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
2861,9
22.
5.
73.
52.
429.8
134. 6
43. 7
51. 1
2 5. 5
110. 0
51.4
53. 5
13. 3
30. 3
7. 6
433.8
135.4
44.2
51. 0
25. 1
112. 6
52. 0
55.4
13. 3
30. 6
7. 6
455.4
144. 6
47. 9
53.4
25. 1
115. 6
53. 3
57. 5
13. 9
32. 5
8.2
454. 2
141.9
47.9
52. 1
25. 7
118.2
54. 7
58. 6
14. 2
32. 3
8.2
460. 8
144. 9
48. 6
53. 1
25. 5
119.8
54.9
59. 9
14.2
32.8
8.4
248. 6
20. 9
14.4
42.9
9. 3
25.9
72.2
61. 7
52.4
8.7
32. 2
11. 3
2 3.2
248. 1
20. 8
14. 3
42.2
9.4
2 5. 3
72. 2
61.7
52. 3
8.8
32. 1
11. 3
23.4
260. 8
22.8
15.7
44. 8
10.4
26. 0
73. 9
62.9
56. 0
9. 3
34. 5
12. 6
23.8
260. 9
ZZ. 6
15. 5
44. 3
10. 3
2 5. 7
73. 5
62.4
57. 2
9.5
35. 3
12. 6
23. 5
261. 4
22.8
15. 7
44. 0
10. 4
25. 5
74.4
63.2
56. 9
9.4
35. 0
12. 7
23. 6
...
18.7
8.6
17. 1
18.8
8.6
17. 3
19. 3
9. 0
17.9
19. 0
9. 3
17.9
19.2
9. 3
17. 7
....
23. 9
19. 1
23. 7
18.8
2 5. 3
2 0. 3
2 5. 0
20. 0
24.8
19.7
243. 3
12. 5
14. 0
246. 6
12.2
14. 1
260. 1
12. 1
13. 5
265. 7
12.2
13. 3
269. 7
12.2
13. 7
6. 1
38. 5
172.2
6.2
38.4
175. 7
5.9
39. 0
189. 6
6. 0
39. 1
195. 1
6. 1
39. 7
198. 0
150. 3
3. 1
100. 6
39. 3
41. 1
9-2
23.8
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Orqanic fibers noncellulosic . .
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap cleaners and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
153. 7
3. 1
103. 1
41. 0
41. 1
9- 5
24.2
155. 1
3.2
106. 0
39. 7
44. 4
9. 9
ZZ. 1
154.
3.
104.
40.
43.
10.
22.
1
1
6
0
6
0
2
153.2
3. 2
102. 9
39. 4
42. 6
9-8
22. 7
1, 064
1, 118
1, 137
1, 151
50. 3
7. 7
6.9
5. 0
28. 5
52. 0
8. 3
6. 9
4. 7
29.9
33.4
9. 3
7. 1
4. 9
9. 9
53. 6
9. 6
7. 3
4.8
29.4
55. 1
9.4
7. 6
4. 6
30. 9
130. 1
115.2
14. 9
129. 6
113.8
15.8
139. 4
124.2
15.2
139. 3
123.8
15. 5
141.2
124. 8
16.4
17.2
15. 9
18.2
18. 0
18. 0
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing letterpress
Commercial printing lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
.
....
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Gum, wood, and industrial organic
chemicals nee
Agricultural chemicals
..
.
29
291
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
30
301
302
303,4
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products nee . .
Miscellaneous plastics products
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear except rubber
Men's footwear except athletic
Women's footwear except athletic
Handbags and personal leather goods
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
41
411
412
413
415
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
School buses
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
44
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Oct.
1978
22. 9
5.2
72. 7
51. 3
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
306
307
Sept.
1978
Aug.
1978
1, 060
27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
287
289
Oct.
1977
. .
.
...
...
7
3
0
0
23.
6.
76.
52.
7
0
0
3
23.
5.
76.
53.
0
9
0
0
21.
5.
75.
53.
9
9
5
7
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricuftural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
45
451,2
Sept.
1977
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
113. 1
106.9
116.2
110.0
122. 1
114.8
122.0
115.0
122. 5
115. 3
2. 1
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
2. 1
1.9
2. 0
2. 0
Air transportation
46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
68. 1
47
68.5
76. 0
75.9
76. 0
535. 5
473.6
48. 0
536.4
473.8
48.4
572.4
504.7
52.8
572. 7
505.0
52.8
580. 9
512. 1
53. 5
124. 6
55. 7
30.8
29.9
3.8
124.4
55.7
30. 5
29.9
134.8
59. 9
33. 7
31. 7
132.8
59.6
33. 0
30.9
4. 5
133.2
60. 1
32.9
30. 9
4. 5
8, 348
8, 413
1, 227
1, 258
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
481
483
491
492
493
495
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50,51
7, 871
WHOLESALE TRADE
1, 159
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . .
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
,
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
RETAIL TRADE
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
3.9
4.6
7, 911
8, 239
618
82.2
32.4
26. 3
21. 3
23.2
99. 1
57.4
229. 7
46. 1
1, 170
62 3
82.7
32.8
26.3
22. 0
23.2
100. 3
58.2
231.4
46.2
1, 216
667
88. 5
34.6
28.8
21. 3
2 5. 2
109.8
62.9
249. 6
46. 0
669
89. 5
34.8
28.8
21. 3
225. 5
110. 9
63.2
248.5
46.8
680
90.4
35. 1
29.2
21. 9
25.9
112. 0
64. 3
2 53. 0
47.8
541
37. 7
55.8
74. 0
147. 9
26.8
44. 3
18.5
99. 3
547
37.7
56.8
74.8
147. 3
27.2
43.8
18.6
101.4
549
38. 0
57. 5
77. 3
142. 1
29.2
47. 7
19.6
103. 0
558
38.4
58.9
77.6
143. 5
29.3
47.4
19.6
102.6
578
39- 0
59.8
78. 6
145.8
29.2
47. 0
19.8
107. 2
6, 712
6, 741
7,023
7, 121
7, 155
137. 9
54. 4
46. 1
135. 5
54.6
47. 3
142. 9
59. 0
48.7
143. 5
58.6
48.8
145. 5
58. 5
49. 6
1,485. 7
1, 178.4
218.2
89- 1
1, 524.8
1, 217. 3
218. 5
89.0
1, 530.8
1, 212. 5
222. 7
95.6
1, 565.9
1, 240. 4
230. 3
95.2
1. 590. 8
1, 264. 5
228.8
97.5
53
531
533
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
54
541
542
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Retail bakeries
864. 4
717. 9
14. 1
74.2
869. 0
722. 6
14. 0
72. 5
892. 0
754. 4
13. 5
•67. 3
902.9
759- 3
13.4
70. 9
916. 7
770. 3
14. 3
70. 7
55
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
277. 5
111.4
39.2
113. 1
278.9
112.7
112.7
301. 5
120. 7
44. 7
122.2
302.2
120.9
45. 3
122.0
305.9
122. 3
44. 7
124. 9
575. 1
56. 1
275. 3
113. 1
64. 3
589.4
58.4
281. 6
115.7
66. 5
582. 2
59. 0
275.2
116. 9
66. 5
593.9
58. 0
284.2
117. 0
605.6
60. 3
292. 3
117.2
70.2
551,2
553
554
56
561
562
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings . . .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
90
39-6
69-2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Sept.
1977
571
572
573
59
591
592
594
596
598
599
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
2,269. 6
2, 487.3
2, 500. 1
2, 447. 5
894.2
276. 7
22.2
292.9
156. 6
904.3
295.3
2 5. 9
286. 5
152. 4
928.6
298.8
26. 6
298.3
156. 5
956. 7
302. 0
21. 6
105.4
2 0.8
103.3
21.2
105.7
27. 6
308.4
165. 1
21.8
110. 3
2, 538
2, 553
2, 731
2, 723
2, 739
930. 3
855.4
934. 1
859. 3
996.8
917.4
993. 4
914.4
998. 3
918.8
301.4
143. 5
105. 5
303. 3.
144. 7,
105. 7
325. 5
157. 6
112.8
326. 1
157. 7
113.3
328. 7
159.2
114. 0
67.7
54. 3
67.5
54. 1
73.4
59. 1
73. 5
59. 1
74. 4
59. 9
663.8
266.2
668.8
267.0
95.9
257. 9
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks .
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS,
AND SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers
63
631
632
633
184.2
124. 0
96.2
260. 9
713. 1
273. 5
100.8
289. 0
711.
271.
100.
290.
ZZ. 1
284. 4
144.8
21.0
103.0
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
61
612
614
181. 7
122.9
23. 1
35.7
175.7
119.2
22.6
..
60
602
179. 2
121. 5
23.6
34. 1
869.4
275. 5
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores . . .
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
Aug.
1978
2, 326.0
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores . . . .
Oct.
1977
33.9
Industry
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
23. 9
36.3
9
5
8
3
186. 4
124.8
24. 1
37. 5
715.
271.
101.
293.
5
3
4
1
INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS,
AND SERVICE
225.8
227. 7
242. 3
242. 2
244. 4
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
286. 7
124. 9
119. 0
26.8
311. 1
134. 3
131. 0
28.4
307.9
133. 2
129. 1
28.4
309. 6
651
653
655
285. 1
123.8
117. 9
27. 5
66
COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC
16.8
17.4
19. 1
18.9
18. 6
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES
46.8
47. 4
50. 0
49. 3
49.2
8, 884
8, 941
9, 324
9, 342
9, 401
531.0
508.2
506.2
485. 6
588.3
546. 1
542. 6
521. 7
515. 8
498. 0
603. 0
222.5
249. 6
67
SERVICES
70
701
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
72
721
723
726
PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
73
731
732
733
734
736
737
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services
75
753
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
588. 1
,
595.2
589. 5
599.4
221. 1
246.2
221. 9
247. 4
17. 5
218.4
220. 1
250. 1
18.2
17.3
989. 5
57. 5
61.9
45.0
146. 0
223. 6
88.4
77. 7
35.9
1, 001. 9
58." 0
61. 9
45. 7
148. 9
225. 7
246. 5
18. 3
1, 087. 5
65. 5
64.9
47.8
164.0
236.8
133. 4
130. 0
28.2
18. 3
1, 099. 3
65.9
65.2
, 118. 8
65. 7
50.
163.
242.
100.
1
7
3
4
51. 3
164.2
247. 7
102.8
65. 9
89.8
99.2
78.4
35. 9
84. 7
38. 0
85.8
38.8
87.4
39- 5
44.3
46.0
46. 8
47. 8
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
tin thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Sept.
1977
Industry
78
781
783
79
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
80
801
802
805
806
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
81
84.3
25.4
53. 3
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture theaters
282.2
Oct.
1977
Aug.
1978
79-8
24.8
49. 5
88. 9
24.4
59. 0
84.8
24. 3
55. 0
82.3
25. 1
51. 6
309.8
285. 3
2 54. 1
248.8
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
3, 743. 3
513. 7
245.9
770. 0
1, 992.6
515.8
244. 2
770. 3
2, 001. 9
LEGAL SERVICES
282. 3
287. 3
307.2
302. 9
305. 4
82
821
822
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
495.8
132. 9
309. 0
556.4
147. 1
353.8
42 3. 8
20.2
250. 0
495.8
142. 1
298. 1
548.4
147. 3
343. 6
83
SOCIAL SERVICES
626. 6
637. 9
706.2
703. 0
710. 1
89
891
893
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
232. 1
80.6
104. 3
233. 9
81. 1
105. 7
259. 5
92. 1
113.9
256. 7
90.4
114. 5
259- 9
91. 2
116. 6
6, 776
7, 114
6, 385
6, 949
7,267
841
845
886
865
866
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
-
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative and judicial functions
Transportation and public utilities
-
..
Local education
.
General administration including executive,
legislative and judicial functions
92
. . . .
3, 757. 2
3, 896.9
540. 6
245. 1
816. 9
2, 059. 9
3, 900.8
538. 5
247. 3
816. 1
2, 063. ,1
3, 914. 6
541.
247.
817.
2, 069.
5
1
7
9
5,935
6, 269
5, 499
6, 084
6, 401
1, 473. 6
319. 5
574.2
1 538. 7
1, 401. 6
311. 0
479.8
1, 469.8
310.8
570.8
1, 538. 0
67. 3
381. 5
3 260. 9
414. 6
4, 097.8
77. 1
396.7
2, 426. 2
400. 3
4, 614. 0
77.9
396.4
3, 052. 1
834. 4
994. 3
896. 0
395.4
4, 461. 0
66. 1
380.7
2, 996. 1
825. 9
322. 5
628.8
406. 2
4 730. 7
315. 3
643. 1
393.8
4, 862. 7
79.2
397.2
3, 321. 7
880. 9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1978
Industry division and group
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
TOTAL
83, 719
83, 871 84, 188
84, 726 85, 418
85, 618
85, 996 86, 033
86, 149 86, 163
GOODS-PRODUCING
24, 626
24, 648 24, 724
24, 927 25, 313
25, 341
25, 473 25, 501
25, 463 2 5 471
687
CONSTRUCTION
678
3, 955
MINING
3, 905
684
3, 901
698
3, 999
867
869
879
4, 164
4, 175
4, 278
882
4, 317
Cct.
Nov.P
Dec.P
86, 573
87, 020
87, 270
26, 039
2 5, 670
25, 870
887
887
893
902
902
4, 298
4, 298
4, 341
4, 368
4, 413
19, 984
20, 065 20, 139
20, 230 20, 282
20, 297
20, 316 20, 302
20, 278 20, 286
2 0, 436
20. 600
2 0, 724
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
11, 851
756
481
685
1, 180
1, 617
2, 251
1, 912
1, 895
628
446
11, 917 11, 986
754
756
484
487
689
691
1, 186
1, 193
1, 625
1, 638
2, 259 2, 271
1, 923
1, 935
1, 917
1, 928
632
635
448
452
12, 041 12, 076
752
751
491
491
692
699
1, 192
1, 189
1, 646
1, 639
2, 289 2, 309
1, 951 1, 951
1, 944 1, 936
644
639
455
457
12, 093
745
489
700
1, 197
1, 652
2, 311
1, 952
1, 942
12, 109 12, 138
747
743
485
486
701
698
1, 197
1, 199
1, 645
1, 643
2, 332 2, 345
1, 962
1, 977
1, 937
1, 929
654
660
451
456
12, 146 12, 166
743
744
481
480
692
692
1, 205
1, 214
1, 646
1, 650
2, 351 2, 358
1. 975
1, 972
1, 941 1, 943
661
662
451
451
12, 305
748
484
696
1, 220
1, 667
2, 391
1, 987
12, 409
759
487
701
1,236
1, 685
2, 404
12 490
765
490
706
1, 243
1, 700
2. 422
2. 006
2, 024
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products
Leather and leather products
8, 133
1, 700
8. 148
1, 706
8. 153
1, 705
8, 189
1, 718
8, 206
1, 715
8, 204
1, 701
8, 207
1, 702
8, 164
1, 688
8, 132
1, 670
8, 120
1, 665
74
917
1, 320
697
1, 156
1, 076
74
917
1, 318
74
917
1, 315
75
913
1, 326
73
909
1, 307
699
1, 163
1, 081
74
911
1, 330
706
1, 174
1, 085
76
908
1, 325
699
1, 159
1, 079
207
737
252
76
916
1, 319
703
1, 171
1, 081
709
1, 180
1, 093
709
1, 186
1, 091
710
1, 187
1. 091
207
69
903
1, 309
698
1, 188
1, 089
70
907
1, 309
697
1, 178
1, 088
MANUFACTURING
....
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
206
734
253
59, 093
4, 749
18, 911
4, 783
14, 128
4, 547
208
738
253
59, 223 59, 464
4, 758
4, 782
18, 991 19, 071
4, 802
4, 82 8
14, 189 14, 243
4, 563
649
456
210
748
253
207
747
253
59, 799 60, 105
60, 277
209
744
252
4, 817
4, 847
4, 847
19, 169 19, 252
19, 335
4, 854
4, 872
4, 885
14, 315 14, 380
14, 450
4, 591
4, 605
4, 623
4, 637
209
749
252
749
243
60, 523 60, 532
4, 881
4, 82 7
19, 412 19,469
4, 905
4, 901
14, 507 14, 568
4, 670
4, 690
SERVICES
15, 618
15, 597 15, 670
15, 773
[5, 866
15, 896
1 5 963 15, 989
GOVERNMENT
15, 268
15, 314 15, 350
15, 435 15, 517
15, 562
15, 597 15, 55 7
2, 745
2, 753
12, 696 12, 772
12, 809
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
2, 723
12, 545
2, 736
2, 736
12, 578 12, 614
2, 739
2, 772
2, 765
12, 825 12, 792
1, 991
665
456
1. 999
2, 009
672
457
209
744
253
8, 131
1, 667
71
907
1, 307
692
1, 185
1, 089
210
7 52
251
8, 191
1, 692
71
910
1, 308
700
1, 198
1, 094
210
760
2 48
8, 234
1, 710
71
911
1, 314
701
1, 208
1, 094
211
767
247
60, 686 60, 692
60, 903
61, 150
61, 231
209
746
251
676
458
4, 855
4, 922
4. 945
4, 965
19, 523 19, 546
19, 632
19. 697
19- 687
4, 846
4, 917
4, 945
4, 967
4, 989
14, 618 14, 629
14, 687
14, 730
14. 698
4, 719
4, 737
4, 775
4, 788
16 074 16, 127
16, 169
16, 261
16. 296
15,443
15,472
15,495
2,760
12,683
2,757
12,715
2,757
12,738
4, 905
4, 707
15, 536 15, 445
2, 765
2, 752
12, 771 12, 693
p=preliminary.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1978
Industry division and group
Nov.
Oct.
TOTAL
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
34, 013
34,167
34, 313
6, 300
6, 346
6, 388
6, 432
6, 458
67
68
66
68
68
311
313
316
320
320
32 6
328
32 9
334
337
338
337
5, 922
5, 965
6, 006
6, 044
6, 070
6, 116
6, 114
6, 166
6, 183
6, 170
6, 172
6, 179
6, 227
2, 692
100
134
125
113
32 1
397
782
262
257
201
2, 176
102
135
127
113
323
402
789
264
257
2 04
2, 746
103
137
127
113
327
407
795
269
261
207
2, 773
104
139
129
114
329
412
800
274
264
208
2, 794
105
140
130
114
332
414
807
276
266
210
2,819
105
141
130
115
334
419
813
281
268
213
2, 831
105
141
130
115
336
42 6
813
280
271
2 14
2, 848
106
142
130
117
339
42 9
815
284
273
213
2,862
107
141
129
120
339
433
818
285
111
213
2, 870
106
142
129
12 1
336
437
823
286
279
211
2, 875
106
141
130
122
337
437
823
286
281
212
2, 887
106
141
130
124
338
441
821
291
282
213
2, 924
108
142
130
125
343
448
831
300
282
215
3, 230
466
26
428
1, 062
153
432
245
24
240
154
3, 249
474
26
430
1, 065
153
434
246
24
244
153
3,260
478
28
428
1, 067
154
434
247
24
248
152
3,271
482
27
430
1, 066
155
438
248
24
249
152
3,276
482
27
430
1, 065
156
440
249
24
251
152
3, 297
484
28
431
1, 069
157
446
2 52
24
2 54
152
3, 313
48 5
27
3, 318
480
28
430
1, 076
161
451
256
25
2 58
153
3, 321
48 5
27
3, 300
482
27
430
1, 059
159
452
2 58
25
260
148
3, 297
469
24
428
1, 064
159
456
257
25
262
153
3, 292
467
25
42 9
1, 064
158
455
2 57
25
2 58
154
3, 303
471
26
430
1, 061
157
459
2 58
25
262
154
27, 358 27, 496
27, 625
33, 658 33, 842
. . .
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION .
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries '
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products . .
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . .
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
Dec.
.
.
.
27, 735 27, 855
34, 531 34, 755
34, 921
6, 510
6, 545
6, 568
6, 592
6, 584
6, 587
6, 594
6, 645
68
73
73
75
77
77
78
79
429
1, 078
159
447
2 53
25
2 57
153
35, 077 35, 099
42 9
1, 074
160
452
256
25
260
153
28, 02 1 28,210
28,353
28,485
28, 515
35, 170 35, 256
28, 583 28, 662
35, 381
339
28, 736
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
1, 059
1, 064
1, 071
1, 075
1, 086
1, 094
1, 104
1, 102
1, 115
1, 117
1, 127
1, 131
1, 145
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
7, 856
7, 903
7, 947
8, 006
8, 050
8, 098
8, 138
8, 188
8, 225
8,258
8, 303
8, 322
8, 354
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
1, 155
1, 162
6, 741
1, 170
6, 777
1, 176
6,830
1, 184
6,866
1, 196
6, 902
1, 207
6, 931
1, 210
6, 978
1, 217
7, 008
1, 215
7, 043
1, 216
7, 087
1, 222
7, 100
1, 242
7, 112
6, 701
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
2, 556
2, 576
2, 589
2, 602
2, 618
2, 631
2, 646
2, 658
2, 679
2, 696
2, 709
2, 720
2, 742
SERVICES
8, 897
8, 938
8, 986
9, 003
9, 035
9, 109
9, 144
9, 176
9, 220
9, 260
9, 315
9, 333
9, 354
GOVERNMENT
6, 990
7, 015
7, 032
7, 049
7, 066
7, 089
7, 178
7, 229
7,246
7, 184
7, 129
7, 156
7, 141
856
6, 134
856
6, 159
847
6, 185
855
6, 194
856
6, 210
8 58
6, 231
863
6, 315
882
6, 347
874
6, 372
879
6, 305
880
6, 249
877
6, 279
878
6, 263
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
1
The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
94
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
Industry division and group
Dec.
1978
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Qct,
Dec. '
I
TOTAL PRIVATE
56, 095
56, 114 56, 348
56, 744
57, 263 57, 428
57, 653 57, 704
57, 771
57, 861 58, 151
58, 548 58, 732
17, 976
17, 954 18, 016
18, 198
18, 541 18, 565
18, 660 18, 675
18, 619
18, 629 18, 795
18, 974 19, 128
494
509
663
667
668
3,401
3, 439
3, 419
14, 596 14, 569
14, 532
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
502
493
655
659
3, 099
3, 021 3, 023
3, 122
3, 288 3, 303
14, 375
14, 440 14, 499
14, 567
14, 598 14, 603
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
8, 515
646
397
549
922
1, 228
1, 477
1, 258
1, 312
384
342
8, 569
650
399
553
929
1, 234
1, 483
1, 267
1, 326
386
342
8, 620
650
401
551
937
1, 247
1, 493
1, 276
1, 332
388
345
8, 661
647
405
552
933
1, 247
1, 507
1, 288
1, 342
391
349
8, 676
646
405
558
934
1, 251
1, 517
1, 284
1, 337
394
350
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products
5, 860
1, 151
59
798
1, 131
523
653
617
135
575
218
5, 871 5, 879
1, 156 1, 158
59
59
798
799
1, 132 1, 131
525
523
658
656
620
618
136
136
578
576
216
216
5, 906
1, 168
60
798
1, 134
527
663
620
137
583
216
5, 922 5, 918
1, 167 1, 154
60
59
795
794
1, 144 1, 140
535
530
668
664
624
628
135
137
586
586
217
217
8, 685
639
404
557
939
1, 257
1, 516
1, 283
1, 344
397
349
8, 683
641
400
558
939
1, 250
1, 533
1, 284
1, 327
402
349
8, 694
637
398
554
942
1, 245
1, 547
1, 293
1, 328
407
343
5, 913 5, 875
1, 152 1, 142
61
58
792
791
1, 137 1, 121
535
535
668
669
628
628
136
135
587
587
217
209
38, 722 38, 863 38, 993 39, 035
3, 465
14, 536 14, 655
684
68 1
3, 487 3, 517
14, 803 14, 930
8, 706
636
395
548
953
1, 248
1, 550
1, 290
1, 337
406
343
8, 816
641
3 98
551
960
1, 264
1, 576
1. 301
1, 370
408
347
8, 908
648
400
558
977
1, 279
1, 580
1, 310
1, 393
414
349
5, 839
1, 124
54
785
1, 127
523
5, 830
1, 122
56
790
1, 124
522
657
624
137
581
217
5. 8 39
1, 122
57
790
1, 123
519
663
624
137
589
2 15
5, 895 5, 940
1, 147 1, 165
56
57
794
794
1, 124 1, 126
527
530
673
68 3
626
629
138
141
598 : 605
212
210
667
623
136
584
216
8, 990
654
403
561
98 5
1, 292
1, 596
1, 318
1, 412
419
350
39, 232 39, 356
39, 574 39, 604
4, 129
4, 149 4, 164
17, 214
17, 228 17, 288
17, 357 17, 317
4, 042
13, 172
4, 053 4, 075
13, 175 13,213
4, 095 4, 101
13, 262 13, 21b
38, 160 38, 332
38, 546
4, 024
4, 028 4, 044
4, 067
4, 094 4, 086
4, 109 4, 051
4, 066
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
16, 676
16, 737 16, 812
16, 894
16, 952 17, 079
17, 106 17, 165
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
3, 943
12, 733
3, 958 3, 982
12, 779 12, 830
4, 007
12, 887
4, 020 4, 026 4, 043 4, 040
12, 932 13, 053 13, 063 13, 125
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE .
3, 453
3, 472 3, 494
3, 500
3, 516 3, 523
3, 546 3, 565
3, 579
SERVICES
13, 966 13, 923 13, 982
14, 085
14, 160 14, 175
14, 232 4, 254
14, 293
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
3, 422
675
8, 693
636
394
549
947
1, 245
1, 544
1, 293
1, 336
405
344
38, 119
SERVICE-PRODUCING
671
39, 152
4, 064
3, 603
3, 636 3, 647
14, 349 14. 336
14, 432 14, 476
3, 591
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
95
tSIAtSLISHMbNI DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Year and month
Over 1 -month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
January
February
March
18 .0
21 .2
26 .5
13.1
12.8
20.1
11 .9
12.8
18 .6
15 .7
16.9
18.3
April
May
June
41 .0
51 .5
43 .0
36.6
43.0
53.2
29 .4
48.3
57.3
20.9
27.0
41 .0
July
August
Sep tetnber
56 .1
73 .3
67 .4
61 .6
73.5
77.3
67.2
69.2
75 .9
54.1
64.5
74.1
October
Novembe r
December
68 .3
60 .5
71 .5
70 .6
74.4
78.2
8 0.5
84.0
83.7
79
82
86.3
January
February
March
78 .2
72 .4
69 .5
85.8
84.9
81 .4
87.2
85.8
82.0
85.2
84.0
85 .2
April
May
June
70 .1
58 . 1
57 .8
72.4
67.2
65.1
75 .6
68.
71 ,
78.8
82 .6
79 .9
July
Augus t
Sep tember
58 .4
49 .1
64 .8
57.8
64.0
53.8
63,
65,
66.3
78.5
77 .6
80.2
Oc tober
November
De cember
47 .1
67 .4
66 .6
65. 1
64.2
81 .4
73.3
78.8
81 .4
80.8
80.8
82.6
,
76 .2
66 .0
74 .7
83.1
86.3
81 .1
88.1
87 .8
85.2
78.8
80.5
80.2
June
•
68 .0
64 .8
71 .2
79.4
76.2
68.0
79.4
75 .9
72. 1
84.6
84.0
83.1
July
Augu st
September
.
59 .3
51 .7
60 .8
63 .4
58. 7
62 .5
69.8
74. 1
72.1
82.6
83.7
82.6
6 0 .5
73 .8
72 . 1
73.8
75.3
79.7
77.9
82.0
83.1
81,
81 ,
80.8
Over 12-month span
1975
1976
1977
January
February
March
April
May
October
November
December
1978
January
Feb ruary
March
,
69 .8
70 .3
70 . 1
80.2
80.2
75.9
85 .5
79.9
77.9
80 .5
79 .1
77 .6
April
May
June
,
62 .8
56 .4
67 .2
67.4
63.
62,
68.9
67.7
59.6
78 .5
79 •9p
79 .4p
July
August
September
54 .9
51 .7
57 .6
57,
October
November
December
70 .6
80 .8p
75 .6p
76.5p
82.6p
1
49 .
58,
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries.
p = preliminary.
96
61.3
72.4p
75.9p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuKursI payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division
(In thousand*)
Mining
Total
Manufacturing
Constructio 1
Stata and araa
NOV.
NOV.
NOV.
1978P
1977
OCT.
1978
1,302.6
1,303.8
345.0
113.4
346.4
113.2
14.6
9.0
16.2
9.4
(1)
142. 4
99.4
(D
(D
(D
(1)
142.3
98.9
(D
(D
(D
48.6
48.4
.9
1.0
1977
1,278.5
333.8
111.2
142 . 2
97.3
48.8
1 ALABAMA
Birmingham
2
Huntsville
3
4
Mobile
5
Montgomery
6
Tuscaloosa
OCT.
1978
7 ALASKA
157.6
161.2
8 ARIZONA
Phoenix
9
Tucson
10
821.3
872.0
880.2
500.7
535.5
152 .8
162.7
() ARKANSAS
Fayetteville—Springdale
Fort Smith
13
Little R o c k - N o r t h Little Rock . . . .
14
711 .2
57.2
Pine Bluff
16 C A L I F O R N I A
Anaheim-Santa A n a - G a r d e n Grove
17
Bakersf ielci
18
19
20
21
22
NOV.
1978P
1977
16.2
76.5
9.5
21.7
4.2
11.1
Fresno
Los Angeles—Long Beach
20. 1
.6
53.9
33.1
69.2
9.8
43.0
13.0
44.2
5. 8
13.2
38.9
4 1.7
41. 1
3.0
3.0
9.1
3. 1
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventra . . . .
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario .
23
24
25
.Sacramento
Salinas Seaside
26
27
San Diego
San Francisco—Oakland
28
29
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa M a r i a - L o m p o c
30
Santa Rosa
31
Stockton
32
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Monterey
5. 9
735.7
732.3
4.6
5.0
5. 1
59.3
59.4
(D
d)
65.6
169.1
65.2
169.3
(1)
.6
.8
.8
(D
29.7
29.5
(D
(D
(D
(D
8,693.9
9,186.5
693.8
738.5
9,261.8
744.7
113.5
166.7
117.3
173.6
118.5
173.7
3, 274.8
3,412.6
3,436.8
80. 1
126.7
37 6 . 0
359.6
82.8
85.2
131.7
395.7
85.6
132.5
400.1
554.8
1,416.3
375.5
All 9
OH • Z
OJi 1
586.0
581.5
1,442.4 1,445.8
373.4
584.4
107.2
79.8
586.4
107.7
77.0
109.0
91 . 1
114.3
95.2
112.5
94.9
542.2
105.7
80.0
33 COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
34
1,095 . 2
696.0
1, 148.6
723.0
1, 150.2
35 CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
724.6
.8
.8
11.4
11.6
.1
. 1
2.2
2.5
.4
.8
2.0
. 1
1.0
.3
. 1
.2
2.2
2.2
.4
36.3
2.4
9.9
6*. 5
3.6
4.2
1
1 i
1 1 a 1
3.1
3.0
2.9
10.2
1.2
9.8
1.1
3 7 9 . 5 43 4 . 7
43. 1
46.5
5.1
6.0
425.6
45.4
1.0
. 8
9.0
11.6 103.4
. 1
5.2
2.2
5.8
2.2
18.3
.4
18.6
10.2
111.3
5.9
6.0
10.2
111.7
5.9
6.0
21.1
21.9
6.0
21.1
21.7
35.1
62.8
38.2
67. 1
38.0
23.0
24.8
.8
1.9
.1
. 8
1.9
. 1
1.1
.3
.1
1. 1
.3
. 1
.2
355.5
64.7
32.8
(*)
162.3
36.1
2.4
9.8
78.9
15. 3
544.2
2.3
9.3
1977
68.0
5.1
20.1
.6
5.8
35.5
NOV.
1978P
18. 0
(*)
\ 1
4.4
d)
80.2
23.7
NOV.
6.3
3.7
(1)
1.0
19.4
.6
63.0
167 .8
OCT.
1978
23.2
4.0
11 9
1 1 • /
6. 1
3.6
29.2
12
15
I*)
NOV.
.2
4. 1
4.5
4.5
4.8
4. 2
4.8
5.2
4. 6
66.4
24.8
4.5
4.7
5.3
4.5
J\J m I
OCT.
1978
357.4
68.0
33.9
9Q 9
NOV.
1978P
357.6
68.5
33.7
9O A
£. y . u
15.7
8.7
15.2
8.9
15.5
8.3
10.7
(*)
115.2
86.2
12.9
124.7
124.7
91.9
15.7
93.4
14.5
214.6
217.0
215.5
17.7
23.2
18.1
24.0
23.9
31.6
30.4
6.3
6. 1
8.8
18.0
30.2
6.0
1,722.3 1,845.8 1,847.0
177. 1
193.7
191.8
9.2
9.5
9.5
23.0
23.8
23.5
820.6
867. 1
873.7
17.7!
19.8
18.9
19.5
20.7
20.9
57.9
62.4
62.5
24.1
25.6
25.3
9. 9
80.5
192.9
170.8
14.2
1 1.3
18.7
9.0
10.7
10.4
87.5
193.7
88.5
193.7
198. 1
197.1
14.8
12.5
19.0
14.6
12.5
20.4
10.4
9.9
TO Q
/ 3 • y
44.3
1C7 0
1D 1 .O
107.9
1 f,ft7
loo./
48.5
5. 1
10.9
1.9
6.4
u n
t. /
2.8
405.6
61.2
85.0
27.8
44.6
9 Q fl
/. y • \J
32.6
417.7
32.9
2. y . 4
33.2
1 (\ft^
i 00 • D
114.7
25. 2
13.0
26.9
27.0
14.7
68.3
42*. 1
75.4
14.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
45. 1
48.0
5.2
11.0
1.9
6.6
a ft
4. 0
16.0
15.1
16.5
15.4
15.3
14.3
69. 1
65.6
69.8
66.0
69.3
65.8
45.3
114.6
1 f 303.8
1,345.8
1,356.1
36
37
38
39
40
41
155.9
356.7
57.3
176.7
158.6
364.7
58.6
181. 1
102.6
86.0
160.5
367.7
59.4
181.3
42 DELAWARE
Wilmington
43
242.7
246.7
218.8
243.3
<U
(D
(1)
(1)
215.1
(D
(D
578.0
1,429.4
579.5
1,435.2
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
1,402.0
(1)
14.6
74.3
15.5
78.6
15.3
77.6
15.0
50.3
14.9
51.2
14.9
51.6
2,924.6
3,009.2
3,057.2
8.6
8.9
8.9
179.6
207.9
205.4
384.8
(D
(D
618.6
226.2
633.6
234. 1
20.0
14.8
26.1
12.7
31.6
32.5
89.4
92.9
31.3
93.9
52
Pensacola
T a m p a - S t . Petersburg
53
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
89.6
447.9
158.3
91.9
460.3
161.6
641.4
237.5
92.3
464.4
(D
(D
(D
20.7
14.8
Miami
Orlando
(D
(D
(D
(D
CD
409.8
33.7
33.6
418.6
271.8
273.0
21. 1
266.6
268.2
271.2
54 GEORGIA
Albany
55
1,919.3
1,955.2
37.9
Atlanta
794.9
115.8
40.5
806.2
44 DISTRICT OF C O L U M B I A
Washington SMSA
45
46 F L O R I D A
Fort Lauderdal?—Hollywood
47
Jacksonville
48
49
50
51
56
57
58
59
Augusta
Columbus
Macon
60
Savannah
Sea footnotes at end of table.
98
99.4
84^5
215.6
577.9
26 1 .3
120.4
80.5
94.7
80.5
96.4
80.9
78.9
102.9
86.8
166. 1
1,962.3
40.9
(1)
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(D
7. 1
(1)
7.4
7.4
(1)
(1)
120.3
81.1
(D
(D
(D
96.4
(1)
80.5
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
O)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
812.4
4.5
11.2
1.8
6.0
U c:
*+ . 3
2.9
6.0
28.3
11.6
2.9
14.6
32.3
14.0
7.2
33.2
31.4
14.4
28.1
13.1
63.6
88.2
28.3
44.4
9Q 9
421.6
64.2
89.7
28.9
44.4
33.9
33.6
31.7
12.8
7.3
33.4
61.7
12.8
65.5
13. 1
13.3
21.8
22.8
66.5
23.5
91.0
3.0
99. 2
3.9
98.6
4.4
506.6
10.4
507.3
10.6
34.0
34.9
5.7
34.7
6.6
489.2
9.5
123.7
5.1
4.7
5. 1
4.4
5.0
5.0
133.7
36.6
20.7
16.0
16.4
133.1
36.6
20.7
15.4
16.7
7.2
5.0
4.5
5.6
36.3
20.8
15.9
16.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilitiai
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesale and retail trade
NOV.
1977
OCT.
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1978
179.7
58.3
16.1
26.1
17.3
182.7
59.5
16.2
26.2
17.8
182.6
59.4
16.2
26.1
17.9
266.0
5.5
5.4
(*)
24.9
48.9
37.2
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
66.8
24.9
69.5
26.8
69.4
26.9
262.9
82.2
21.2
34.9
24.4
266.9
83.5
21.8
35.1
24.2
268.6
84.5
21.9
35.5
24.6
56.5
23.0
57.9
23.7
58.0
23.8
3.1
6.5
5.6
9.5
9.4
9.5
1 .6
3.2
6.6
5.7
1.7
3.2
6.6
5.7
1.7
(*)
7 .9
7.8
48.6
37.0
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
5.3
50.0
31.3
22.6
23.8
17.0
271.8
50.4
31.5
23.2
24.6
16.9
272.5
50.6
31.6
23.2
24.6
16.9
26.0
(*)
52. 1
53.4
156.5
95.5
30.9
162.1
101.3
32.3
163.6
102.6
32.8
190.0
94.0
43.8
193.7
96.1
43.6
194.9
97.6
43.1
30.5
2. 1
98.3
102.4
102.0
7.0
7.7
7.8
133.5
11.0
135.2
10.7
135.3
10.7
2.3
10.9
30.8
10.9
31.2
7.4
7.4
7.3
34.4
34.0
34.1
4.7
4.7
6.6
7.0
6.9
2.5
2.6
2.6
10.9
10.9
10.8
4.5
1.8
4.8
1.7
4.8
1.7
14.6
14.8
(*)
27.4
28.1
42.3
25.7
45.3
27.9
45.5
28.0
8. 1
198. 1
130.5
213.3
140.6
37.4
45.9
35.1
34.8
209.5
137.7
36.9
6.9
7.3
42.0
3. 1
161.6
14.5
13.9
39.6
160.8
14.7
13.9
40.0
29.7
30.5
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
12.2
12.2
5.8
5.9
12.0
1 .2
10.4
29.9
1.3
1.3
4.5
7.8
8.1
38.6
42.3
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
11.4
1 1.9
11.8
153.0
13.7
13.3
39.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
6.0
3.2
(3ov#fnvn#nt
Services
7.4
1977
70.4
4 8.4
70.4
48.3
278.1
177.2
281.9
177.1
284.4
179.0
63.4
45.2
67.0
47.5
67.2
47.7
212.3
140.2
228.1
149.1
228.2
149.0
226.0
125.9
230. 1
126.5
230.7
127.0
56.9
58.4
58.0
95.9
95.1
5.7
5.7
283.9
32.8
76.0
91 .4
5.6
6.4
6.4
6.5
52.9
1 .5
245.6
28.7
65.5
260.7
28.3
69.0
261.2
28.8
69.4
179.0
16.9
52.4
181.2
16.5
50.3
183.8
16.7
50.7
14.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
9.7
9.9
14.7
14.9
14.9
3.4
3.0
3.5
3.5
3. 1
3. 1
37.8
23.2
15.6
38.3
23.4
15.7
12.3
11.3
12.4
11.5
12.5
11 .5
53.6
43.9
52.8
43.3
25.5
63.3
25.9
64.5
25.9
65.0
65.3
274.6
185.4 183.6 186.0
13.5
13.6
13.7
21.2
22.0
22.0
59.9 62.6
63.0
11.4
11.4
12.2
14.5
15. 1
4.4
4.5
4.5
25.7
25.9
26.2
6.9
7.0
7.0
759.4
74.9
69.8
163.5
62.6
20.5
127.1
40.9
121.0 125.1 125.7
444.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
72.0
75.5
75.5
3.8
3.1
4.4
8.0
4.0
3.2
4.4
7.3
3.9
3.2
4.4
8. 0
6
7
64.1
44.4
287.9
33.5
77.0
10.0
38.8
23.6
16.0
3
4
5
(•)
480.2 507.1 509.5 2.025.5 2 , 1 7 6 . 0 2,203.2 505.9 533.3 536.4 1,772.0 1,906.1 1,918.6 1,773.0 1,747.4 1,785.2
99.7
148.4
105.5
135.9
44.3 44.9
185. 1 4 0 . 6
182.4
20.9
23.4
23.3
101.5
148.0
168.4
19.5
31.3
18.4
4.3
4.3
30.4
4 .1
31.2
29.9
7.0
7.3
7.4
31.5
19.3
29.1
9.4
9.7
40.6
31.6
41.4
30.3
9.4
47.3
8 .9
47.7
9.3
9.7
41.2
31.4
44.0
740.8
496.2
702. 1
179.6 189.9 192.9
501.3
798.5 198 .4 204.7 205.3
788.3
502.3
738.4
7 63.1
15.4
2.7
2.7
21.9
2.6
15.9
14.6
21.8
3.7
3.6
16.2
3.5
17.1
15.3
20.2
37.5
22.6
37.7
22.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.6
32.5
32.3
37.6
22.4
29.0
98.5
80.6
95.3
76.2
15.5
95.9
14.8
94.7
20.5
2 1 . 8 21.9
100.3
79.5
15.6
90.5
17.1
137.8
18.8
18.6
19.6
19.4
137.3
65. 1
61.1
86.2
85.0
138.5
64.8
18.9
81.9
3.7
22.4
23.2
15.9
3.8
3.8
21.8
22.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
22.3
16.9
16.8
21.2
138.5
140.2
114.5
32.8 33.0
139. 1 3 0 . 7
137.0
24.7
25.9
26.3
139.5
120.8
120.8
128.3
287.8
296.5
120.4 124.4 124.2
291.5
336.3 122.3 127.4 127.8
332.6
287.9
307.5
307.6
327.9
82.9
84.9
116.8
113.6 21 .6 22.6
18.8
19.4
19.5
111.8
83.8
124.7
124.9
22.6
106.2
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.5
3.8
4.5
25.0
26.0
26.6
26.1
26.1
25.1
27.6
27.8
25.5
14.6
4.4
4.4
19.3
4.1
3.9
4.2
19.2
20.2
19.2
4.2
19.5
15.2
15.1
18.1
4.7
4.7
7.9
7.9
7.8
4.5
27.3
27.6
20.3
26.8
27.4
27.5
21.3
21.3
25.1
3.1
3.1
3.7
16.4
19.4
3.0
3.9
3.8
36.5
37.0
19.3
36.8
17.2
17.2
17.6
280.2
32.6
75.4
1
2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
55.2
55.3
1.6
9.9
6.9
3.1
1.6
9.9
6.9
3.1
8.4
9.0
9.1
6.6
6.4
6.5
9.6
6.6
2.9
40.3
22.3
16.2
43.5
23.4
16.9
43.3
23.4
16.9
23.7
10.3
11.3
23.6
11.4
11.5
23.5
11.4
11.9
36
37
38
39
4041
53.8
44.0
11 . 1
11.1
9.9
9.9
11.2
10.0
39.1
34.7
41.1
36.6
41.1
36.4
41.5
35. 1
43.0
36.1
40.1
33.1
42
43
66.1
280.2
66.6
283.5
33.4
81.1
32.7
82.6
32.9
82.6
151.6
334.1
153.0
344.0
153.2
344.2
272.5
524.3
269.9
528.3
270.7
530.7
44
45
768.5
76.9
70.1
162.0
61.9
20.7
126.8
40.9
785.3 2 0 1 . 2 211.7 213.7
80.7
21 .8 22.5
22.3
28.9
70.9 2 7 . 8
29.0
166.0 4 5 . 1 46.6
47.0
15.4
63.0
16.7 16.8
3.6
3.6
20.7
3.7
128.4 3 3 . 0
34.8 35.1
12.2
42.3
13.1 13.3
638.8
59.4
48.4
146.5
57.9
16.5
96.6
38.5
649.0
58.6
49.3
147.8
60.2
17.0
97.8
38.1
662.6
59.0
49.5
150.3
60.2
17.1
98.8
39.5
566.8
40.1
52.1
88. 1
38. 1
25.4
75.5
26.4
569.8
41.8
52.7
89.4
38.6
26.1
76.3
26.6
576.7
41.5
53.2
89.8
39.2
26.3
76.0
27.2
446.7
449.9
9 9 . 1 101.9 102.3
1.8
1.8
1 .8
5 6 . 7 57.6
57.7
283.9
287.0
287.9
383.3
381.2
383.2
4.7
4.8
4.7
8.5
8.9
8.9
146.1
15.2
10.8
15.6
12.8
146.8
134.5
28.5
18.5
30.2
132.7
28.4
18.4
30.9
14.8
8.6
8.7
8.6
227.3
21.3
17.3
19.0
18.4
225.8
230.2
25.4
17.4
19.7
19.0
25.3
17.3
19.1
18.7
4.2
4.8
5.7
3.8
4.3
5.0
5.6
3.9
4.3
5.0
5.7
4.0
146*7
14.6
11.0
15. 1
13.2
15.1
10.8
15.8
12.8
15.7
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
134.3
28.2
18.7
31.1
14.9
56
57
58
59
BO
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
State and ar«a
NOV.
1977
OCT.
978P
16. 3
13. 2
20.5
17.5
20.6
17.6
18.8
15.2
22.5
16.5
23.1
19. 9
5. 8
22.8
21.5
56.3
59.3
59.4
7.0
7.0
8.3
9.5
9.5
2 6 . 3 182. 5 196.0
1.4
1. 3
(2)
3.2
2. 8
(2)
( • ) 135. 1 153.6
4 . 3 120. 1 137.9
6. 9
7.2
(2)
4. 0
4.3
(2)
8. 9
9.9
(2)
3. 7
3.9
(2)
5. 1
5.0
(2)
89.9
OCT
1978
HOT.
1978P
NOV.
1977
1 HAWAII
Honolulu
2
351.6
293.8
363. 0
301. 6
368.6
306.6
(D
(D
(D
(D
(1)
3 IDAHO
4
Boise City
317 .3
73 .3
341. 1
84. 4
339.0
84. 4
3.6
11)
3.7
\ *1
3.8
(1)1
\ *
668.5 4 , 780. 6 4 , 7 8 7 . 3
52. 0
52.4
51.0
69. 0
69.2
68.7
399.7 3 , 473. 7
(*)
151.0 3 , 226. 2 3 ,233.8
160. 6
160.6
155.9
57. 5
57.3
56.6
154. 4
154.3
149 .9
122. 8
123.5
115.7
84. 9
84.8
85.9
27. 6
(2)
(2)
4.6
4.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
26.3
(2)
(2)
4.5
4.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5 ILLINOIS
4,
Bloomington-Normal
6
Champaign-Urbana -Rantoul
7
Chicago—Gary
8
3,
Chicago SMSA^3
9
3,
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline . . .
10
Decatur
11
Peoria
12
Rockford
13
Springfield
14
15 INDIANA
2 , 129.5 2 , 208. 8 2 ,212.4
Anderson
16
53. 2
53.3
53.1
Evansville
17
121. 2
121.3
119.1
Fort Wayne
18
171. 5
172,1
164.2
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago? .••.-.
19
254. 6
255.4
248.7
c
IIQ 9
7
Indianapolis
20
503.9
J
43i • /
Lafayette-West Lafayette
21
58^
58. 5
56.0
Muncie
22
50.3
50. 4
50.7
South Bend
23
7
108.
106 .6
109 .5
Terre Haute
24
63*.3
63! 4
6i!s
8.8
1.2
089 . 7 1 t 110. 2 1 110.1
•
83.8
83! 3
81 . 1
173. 2
17 1 . 4
173.7
44. 3
43.5
44.6
52.8
52. 6
53.8
63. 9
64.7
64.6
907.4
84.9
192.5
l
25 IOWA
Cedar Rapids
26
28
Des Moines
Dubuque
29
Sioux City
30
• t
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
27
(D
(D
(1)
(D
nm5
2. 5
2.5
(1)
2.4
(1)
2. 4
(1)
57. 5
3. 8
d)
(D
(D
7.
1.
4.
2.
13.3
.2
1.9
.2
2.1
13.2
.2
56.3
I 4 t
(1)
(1)
59.9
(•)
(1)
60.3
65.9
67.9
68.1
(1)
.9
9.5
1.4
.3
(1)
.8
9.9
1.5
.3
(1)
.8
9.9
1.6
.3
14.2
14.3
14.3
4.6
4.9
4.9
(1)
"3
30.6
.6
.8
2. 1
/1 \
(1)
(1)
-.
..
48. 3
183. 2
59. 9
54. 9
48. 3
459. 3
139. 1
48.3
183.1
60.0
54.4
48.3
461.1
140.2
394.7
33.7
84.6
It
410. 5
34. 7
87. 6
407.1
34.8
88.0
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
558.2 1. 612. 6 1 ,617.3
903. 8
907.1
873.1
1.5
(1)
1.5
(1)
1.5
(D
(1)
(D
(D
2 , 453.9 2.
1 , 331 .4 1.
55.6
55.3
104.4
68.2
61.2
224.6
156.1
3, 510.4
131 .5
65.5
550. 0 2 ,553.2
377. 9 1 ,386.0
58. 5
58.6
57. 6
57.7
107. 0
107.7
69. 4
69.8
63. 3
63.3
229. 0
229.6
160.0
161.0
3 . 6 1 1 . 5 3 ,618.9
134. 4
137.1
67. 7
67.7
8 107.5
2
1.3
7.5
8
7
7.3
0
15.7
9
20. 4
1. 9
2.2
2.2
2. 1
93.
1.
6.
6.
15.
19.
1.4
(D
12.2
902. 4
84. 2
190. 8
NOV
1.3
(D
47.7
178.8
58-0
53.3
46 .7
452.2
134.1
Lawrence-Haverhill . .'. . . •'. :
1OO
(1)
1 , 352.4 1 , 368. 8 1 r 373.8
Brockton . .
Fall River
60 M I C H I G A N
Ann Arbor
61
Battle Crt-ek
62
(1)
(D
(D
(D
29.5
51 MASSACHUSETTS
Boston . . . . . :
52
Lowell
(1)
(D
(D
1 , 258. 1 1 ,257.6
41 C
1
1
1 it n «
IHD • /
m<t. l
406. 1
384.3
403. 3
30. 5
Baltimore !*...•
New Bedford
Springfield—Chicopee—Holyoke
Worcester . . '
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(D
1 J*t • J
MARYLAND \ . . :
56
57
58
59
(D
(1)
(D
46 MAINE
Lewiston-Auburn
47
Portland
48
55
2.4
(1)
(D
1r 2 0 4 . 6
38 LOUISIANA
Alexandria
39
Baton Rouge
40
Lafayette
41
Lake Charles
42
Monroe
43
New Orleans
44
Shreveport
45
53
54
0)
2.4
• (1)
\ '1
4 " 11
3
49
9.2
2.5
f 1)
i 'i
Louisville
Owensboro
50
(D
l\)#
i*
\ *1
876.3
82.5
177.3
34 KENTUCKY
36
37
9.5
(D
(1)
31 KANSAS
Topeka
32
Wichita
33
35
(D
(D
d)
(1)
(D
(D
d)
CD
10.5
d)
(!)
NOV.
1978P
OCT.
1978
OV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
HOT.
1977
Manufacturing
Construction
9
8
4
9
1.4
3. 1
(*)
36.7
6.8
4.1
9.8
3.7
4.9
07.0
1.3
4. 9
7.5
7.3
15.8
20. 0
2.1
2.2
5. 0
2.6
2.5
60.0
57.5
4.1
7.7
4.2
7.5
2.0
4.0
2.5
2. 2
4. 1
2.5
1978
,243.2 1 , 2 5 2 . 6
8.3
6.5
8.9
6.7
948.2
848.7
47.1
18.3
51.2
50.3
963.7
859.8
49.3
18.8
53.1
56.9
9.7
8.3
17.0
1
256.6
8.6
6.7
(*)
861.8
49.9
1 8.7
52.7
57.3
8.2
719.5
26.6
37.0
59.5
99.5
127.3
12.2
14.9
33. 0
16.4
743.4
25.9
37.9
62.2
103.7
129.1
13.1
14.5
33.6
16.9
743.7
25.9
37.8
61.9
104.2
129.3
13.0
14.5
33.8
16.8
243.7
28.2
24.8
16.7
11.0
22.0
248.6
29.8
24.8
16 .8
248.7
29.9
24.7
17.0
9.9
9.9
21.4
21.9
45. 0
3. 6
9. 8
47. 1
3.7
9.8
3.6
9.7
170.9
11.1
49.3
187.7
11.3
61.8
188.8
11.5
62.6
68. 0
76.8
75.6
288.3
297.0
297.7
0 f:
O.O
JU • 1
21.7
111.2
111.9
7.5
7.1
104. 4 106.3 105.7
206.0
207.4
6.1
6.1
6.1
24.4
24.4
24.5
1
r\
u
18. 9
a
2. 0
3. 0
22. 8
4. 7
5. 5
4. 5
26. 6
8. 7
0.0
22.0
2.6
3.0
24.1
46.3
2.4
3. 1
23.9
09
7
•DO
A
JJtU
112.3
7.1
208.9
5.4
6.1
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
11.8
12.3
26.4
10.1
26.4
10.3
51.9
28.4
12.3
8. 1
52.9
28.5
22.3
21.2
1.4
4.2
1.3
4.0
108.8
12.5
15.8
113.2
12.6
16.2
112.2
12.7
16.2
91. 2
44. 3
98. 1 97.3
48.3 47.8
237.7
163.7
247.0
168.8
247.0
168.4
(1)
75. 5
(D
43.
1.
1.
2.
2.
1.
5.
4.
83.1
45.2
2. 1
80.5
44.9
1.5
2.7
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.0
5.6
4. 2
635.7
273.7
11.9
20.7
39.1
22.9
24.7
65.3
45.7
658.3
285.7
12.3
21.5
39.1
23.2
25.9
67.6
47.0
660.7
286.0
12.3
21.5
39.4
23.3
26.0
67.6
47.4
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
13.5
13.4
CD
(D
(1)
(1)
(D
(1)
(D
(D
21. 5
1. 3
4. 1
1
9
4
6
5
7
6
5
2.7
2. 1
5.6
4.2
139. 0 165.8
3. 0
1. 8
3.3
2.0
2.1
7.8
8.1
53. 1
28.6
I 5 7 . 7 1,137.3 1 , 1 7 0 . 2 1 ,168.0
44.2
3.3
44.7
42.3
23.8
1.9
23.9
23.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
1
Transportation and
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesale and retail trade
public utilities
Government
Services
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
N O V .
1 9 7 7
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
2 5 . 8
2 3 . 0
86. 1
70.2
89.1
72.6
89.8
73.0
8 6 . 3
7 3 . 6
86. 1
73. 1
88.0
75.0
2
2 2 . 0
9.3
53.3
12.1
57.9
13.8
57.3
13.8
6 8 . 8
1 7 . 0
71.4
18.5
71.0
18.2
4
278.1 286.3 2 8 6 . 4 1 r 0 7 8 . 9 1 r 0 7 7 . 6 1 , 0 8 6 . 5 2 7 0 . 6 2 7 9 . 9 2 8 0 . 9
7 .1
7.3
7.3
1 2 . 3
3.0
3.0
11.7
3.0
12.2
1 5 . 3
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.4
15.2
15.0
2.5
2 1 7 . 9
2 1 0 . 5
773.9
787.8
205.3 211.4
(*)
(*)
(*)
7 3 0 . 3 2 0 1 . 8 2 0 9 . 8 2 1 0 . 6
739.3
724.6
190.5 197.4 1 9 7 . 5
6.6
6.5
4 0 . 1
6.6
38.9
7.6
7.7
7.5
40.0
4.7
2.5
2.5
12.1
12.1
4.7
4.7
2.5
12.2
6.9
35.7
7.2
7.2
35.4
35.2
8.3
8.3
8.0
3 . 8
3.9
3.8
24.8
4.7
4.7
24.6
24.5
4.6
4.9
6.8
6.9
6.5
5.0
4.9
18.9
18.5
18.6
851.7
7.7
9.9
647.7
615.6
23.7
9.5
26.1
16.6
16.5
886.2
884.5
7.7
9.9
10.0
9.8
9.8
27.5
16.9
16.5
27.4
16.9
16.5
5 . 9
1 . 9
9 . 8
0 . 5
0 . 4
5 . 1
5.4
1 3 . 6
1 2 . 1
2 4 . 6
775.5
11.5
29. 1
486.0
46 1.0
25.7
5.3
13.1
12.1
24.7
776.2
12.0
29.2
(*)
462.4
25.7
5.4
13.2
12.2
24.6
302.2
301.6
6.7
6.6
21.8
25.9
32.9
78.5
21.7
26.1
32.9
78.6
3 4 9 . 1
5.9
1 2 . 2
1 5 . 4
3 0 . 1
8 4 . 8
1 9 . 2
1 1 . 2
1 1 . 8
1 1.9
362.9
5.7
12.2
15.6
29.7
87.2
19.4
363.1
5.7
12.1
15.5
29.7
87.2
19.5
11.2
11.9
12.0
21
2 1 2 . 6
1 0 . 2
2 9 . 3
3.9
7.3
1 1 . 6
214.7
10.1
29.5
25
3.8
7.3
28
11.6
30
1977
OCT. N O V .
1978 1 9 7 8 P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
N O V .
1 9 7 8 P
28.1
23.2
28.4
23.4
2 8 . 5
2 3 . 5
91.2
76.4
90.9
75.8
18.5
4.4
19.8
1 9 . 7
4.8
80.0
19.9
84.0
21.7
NOV.
4.8
106.5
109.6
1.4
6.4
1.5
6.5
1 0 9 . 6
1.6
6.5
10.1
14.8
29.9
10.7
14.6
30.2
10.6
14.1
30.2
1.5
1.6
2.1
5.2
3.8
5.1
3.8
54.5
3.8
10.8
1.6
3.5
2.5
54.9
54.6
3.8
3.8
10.6
1.6
3.8
2.5
10.9
58.7
7.6
10.1
59.4
7.6
10.1
59.9
65.9
6.2
23.7
2.0
69.4
6.8
25.4
2. 1
2.0
5.1
3.9
1.6
2. 1
1.6
3.8
2.5
7.7
10.2
69.1
6.9
25.4
2.1
N O V .
1 9 7 7
O C T .
1 9 7 8
N O V .
1 9 7 8 P
9 2 . 8
7 7 . 5
2 4 . 8
2 2 . 0
2 5 . 5
2 2 . 7
8 4 . 4
2 1 . 8
1 6 . 9
5.8
2 2 . 1
9.1
NOV.
477.9
10.5
28.8
40.2
49.1
122.7
11.2
11.7
25.5
15.6
482.4
10.6
29.2
41.0
49.9
124.3
11.4
11.9
25.9
15.9
9 2 . 5
1.6
4.0
9 . 2
8.7
3 3 . 8
2.7
1 . 5
4 . 9
2.0
9 5 . 8
1.6
4.1
9.6
8.9
3 4 . 4
2.8
1.5
5.0
2.0
9 5 . 8
1.6
4.1
9.7
8.8
3 4 . 3
2.8
1.5
5.0
2.0
292.9
6.5
21.5
24.7
32.1
76.0
277.5
17.4
46.2
9.5
13.7
13.8
279.9
17.3
46.3
281.0
17.6
46.5
5 2 . 1
3.9
1 8 . 8
5 3 . 4
4.1
1 8 . 9
5 3 . 3
4 . 1
1 9 . 0
9.6
9.8
13.7
13.7
13.8
13.9
213.3
18.3
40.5
217.7
18.5
41.5
220.0
18.7
41.9
43.0
261.1
31- 1
84.5
7.1
270.4
33.0
90.6
271.8
33.9
92.3
7.1
7.4
326.3
11.0
36.9
15.7
12.6
12.0
120.3
35. 1
329.5
11.0
37.4
15.8
12.7
12.0
121.6
35.7
89.2
466.4
9.9
28.7
38.6
48.5
121.0
10.7
11.6
25.3
14.9
662.7
631.2
24. 1
7.7
(*)
630.2
23.9
7.8
7.0
8.2
7.3
8.2
7.3
22.0
22.8
22.8
8.7
9.0
9.0
190.2
14.3
34.8
198.3
14.0
35.4
198.0
14.0
35.6
7 3
1
2
4 6
4 3
2
1.6
9.8
2 8 . 2
4.0
7.2
1 1 . 2
1 1 . 1
1 1 . 7
1 2 . 1
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
1.2
2.7
1.9
1.2
8.8
9.0
9.1
2.7
1.8
11.2
10.4
11.1
10.3
11.3
10.4
5.7
9 . 0
44.2
5.7
9.1
4 4 . 2
5.7
9.1
151.9
15.1
34.3
157.4
15.8
34.1
157.1
15.8
34.5
1 8 1 . 3
2 1 . 0
2 2 . 6
175.6
21.4
22.3
177.9
21.7
22.4
31
32
4 8 . 3
6.2
2 1 . 1
1 . 2
51.5
6.7
22.2
1.2
5 1 . 7
6.7
2 2 . 3
1.2
188.6
23.3
70.2
193.5
24.8
74.6
192.8
25.2
75.5
239.6
31.5
56.6
238.6
31.4
56.7
34
35
4.9
5.4
5.4
2 2 8 . 1
3 0 . 4
5 4 . 6
4.2
4.2
4.3
6 5 . 5
68.1
2.7
10.8
6 8 . 3
225.2
2 5 8 . 4
1 3 . 6
4 8 . 6
9.0
8.6
9.7
7 2 . 6
2 0 . 9
255.6
13.8
51.1
255.5
13.7
51.0
9.4
8.7
9.4
9.1
8.6
9.3
72.8
21.6
72.6
21.6
1 .2
2.7
1 .8
29
33
36
37
231.5
232.0
2.7
10.8
8.8
9.3
9.3
25.8
26.0
25.6
2.0
2.3
3.2
2.0
2.3
3.2
9.4
8.3
6.9
9.6
8.3
7.5
9.7
8.3
7.5
27.6
27.6
6.2
6.2
95.4
21.7
97.5
23.0
97.7
23.0
1 5 . 1
1 . 4
6.5
15.7
15.5
66.0
69.7
68.4
82.7
1.4
6.8
6.5
7.1
7.1
81. 1
3. 1
81.3
1.4
6.8
3.1
3.2
46
47
17.3
17.8
17.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
48
8 4
5 1
87.6
52.9
49
4.3
2.9
2.3
4.2
3.1
2.3
4.2
3.0
2.3
43.8
47.5
47.8
9.2
9.7
9.9
326.9
11.1
37.3
15.6
12.6
12. 1
120.4
34.6
17.7
18.0
17.8
84.5
90.3
1.1
4.9
1.1
5.0
1.1
4.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
22.1
23.8
24.5
79.8
54.5
84.7
58.5
84.6
58.4
375.5
197.0
382.6
200.0
385.8
203.0
87.4
52.9
305. 1
165.0
323.5
172.4
322.9
172.3
382.9
197.0
387.6
202.9
390.8
204.3
114.5 116.7 116.6
68. 1
69.0 68.3
573.1
307.0
15.6
12.6
23.3
15.2
12.0
45.3
34.4
577. 1 1 3 8 . 7 143.1 143.3
98.9
98.4
9 5 . 0
312.3
2,2
2.0
2.2
15.7
12.9
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.7
3.6
3.6
23.6
2.1
2.1
2.1
15.4
1.9
1 . 8
1.9
12.1
1 1 . 2
4 5 . 5
11.6
11.6
545.7
345.1
581.6
371.8
8.6
8.8
8.8
9.3
394.1
201.5
13.5
396.7
202.3
13.5
7.9
7.9
7.9
15. 1
10.4
15.2
10.3
8.4
8.6
3 4 . 9
8.3
8.4
8.5
41.7
29.7
42.4
31.0
578.3
373.5
8.9
9.2
15.1
10.4
8.6
42.6
30.9
393.9
201.6
12.3
2.7
9.8
7.0
549.9
303.9
14.9
12.1
21.8
15.0
12.1
45.5
34.3
45.8
26.5
18.9
12.8
10.2
46.8
28.2
19.1
13.0
10.0
46.9
28.1
58
59
152.0 152.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
716.9
18.5
10.9
719.0
17.9
11.2
7 2 8 . 3
1 9 . 1
1 1 . 4
1 4 1 . 1
3.6
3.5
145.5
146.3
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.6
581.6
18.1
613.2
17.6
11.9
609.8
17.6
11.9
034.4
43.8
12.5
632.3
45.2
12.9
642.9
46.2
12.8
61
62
100.1 105.7 105.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
8.4
9. 1
9. 1
4.0
1.9
4. 1
3.1
2.6
9.5
7.1
149.6
2.2
2.1
4.0
2.0
4.2
3.1
2.6
9.7
6.8
3.9
2.0
4. 1
3. 1
2.7
1 0 . 6
1.9
2.2
3 .1
2 7 . 3
6.0
.5
. 6
11.4
18. 1
12.2
9.9
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
60
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thouMnds)
Total
Mining
Manufacturing
Comtruction
Start* and arM
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOY.
1978P
NOV.
1977
NOY.
1978 1978P
OCT.
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
NOV.
1977
1978
NOV.
1978P
3.1
3.4
11.2
579.0
88.3
85.8
15.9
35.6
43.8
22.4
37.3
12.0
592.2
92.2
90.0
17.5
36.8
45.3
23.2
38. 1
12.1
591.1
93.1
88.3
17.4
37.1
45.7
23.5
38.6
343.7
7.8
224.4
366.0
8.0
236. 1
365.0
OCT.
MICHIGAN—Continued
1
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
2
3
Grand Rapids
Jackson
4
5
Kalamazoo—Portage
8
Muskegon Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts
Saginaw
10
11
Lansing—East Lansing
MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior
Minneapolis—St. Paul
12
(D
(D
(D
1.2
(1)
(1)
1.3
(1)
2.6
(1)
(D
41.9
51.0
88.0
2.5
48.7
805.7
135.3
7.8
1.1
8.1
1.1
8. 1
1. 1
42. 1
43.8
42.9
7.4
7.9
8.1
236.3
18.4
235.5
18.9
234.6
18.7
8.7
.5
(2)
2.7
(2)
7.4
.6
(2)
7.4
.6
(2)
2.7
(2)
78.3
25.2
1.9
37.0
84.6
28.0
80.7
27.0
445.0
123.1
451.8
126.3
453.6
126.4
3.5
7. 3
(1)
805.9
134.7
281.6
46.1
30.9
7.3
(D
(D
(D
d)
NEBRASKA
Lincoln
Omaha
25
590.6
95.6
255.1
605.0
98.3
256.9
606.5
98.8
256.5
1.7
1.7
(2)
(2)
NEVADA
Las Vegas
Reno
318.9
172.9
93.6
352.1
188.4
107.6
352.9
189.3
107.5
4.2
.2
.6
3.3
.2
28
29
30
31
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua
350.6
69.8
51 .3
373. 1
73.4
54.9
372.5
74.1
55.6
.5
(2)
(2)
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
NEW JERSEY
3. 1
23
24
2,901 .7 2,977.0
71.8
65.9
318.9
309.8
387.6
380.4
233.1
234.0
150.5
148 .4
271.9
265.3
939.9
912.4
190.7
185.6
163.2
160 . 1
58.0
56.1
(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
426.3
169.4
455.2
181.4
6,927.2
NEW YORK
323.6
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
113.3
Buffalo
505.5
Elmira
37.4
Monroe County
326.4
8
Nassau-Suffolk .
842.2
New York—Northeastern New Jersey • 6 , 4 2 2 . 3
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 6.
4,444.6
New York SMSA ?- .-.•
3,602.a
3, 194.9
New York City •'
7,008.3
325.0
114.6
509.5
37.8
329.5
861.6
6,497.8
4,474.7
3,613. 1
3,198.6
92.3
406.9
76.6
259.8
115.8
326.6
AtlanticCity
Camden s.-. - ^ . .
Hackensack 6 .-.-.Jersey City . 6
Long Branch-Asbury Park
New Bruns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville? .
Newark .6. . . ,
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic 6- . . . . . ' . . .
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
43 NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
44
55
56
57
58
59
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland Country
i
9
. . .,
60
Syracuse
Utica—Rome
61
Westchester County • • •
See fo<rtnotes«t«•**}* table.
102
18.0
93.3
269 .4
44.7
29.7
53
54
1.5
4.6
6.1
3.3
3.4
2.7
6.3
52
(D
(D
(D
1.8
4.1
5.3
2.6
2.6
79.2
280.7
46.2
31.0
50
51
8.0
11.9
1.5
4.4
5.7
(1)
MONTANA
Billings
21
Great Falls
22
20
49
8.2
12.8
(D
St. Louis
Springfield
48
6.7
10.5
18.7
18
46
47
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
1,874.7 1,909.2 1,907.3
606.6
605.6
598.3
35.9
35.7
36.5
962.0
957.8
937 .1
78.7
81.1
81. 1
45
2.0
74,5
5.5
(1)
Kansas City
St. Joseph
15 MISSOURI
42
2.0
77.1
(D
(D
(D
(D
16
17
26
27
1.6
67.4
(D
(D
(D
d)
(D
780.1
130.3
13 MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
14
19
(D
1.2
1,642.4 1,727.6 1,730. 1
60.3
60.9
59.1
994.9 1,031.4 1,038.3
6
7
9
38.3
37.8
35.9
1,727.8 1,772.5 1,778.2
209.8
208.2
199.7
252.3
254.3
245.5
53.7
53.6
51 .6
110.0
109.2
106.2
195.0
193.2
187. 4
62.5
62.6
60.1
94.8
93.5
90.3
•• • •
88.8
401 .8
75.7
254.9
113.4
32 0.4
(1)
8.2
235.9
2.0
1.8
9.5
9.2
42.4
3.9
42.3
3.5
248.4
18.2
254.9
18.0
255.8
18.1
16.7
18.5
17.1
25.8
27.2
27.0
(D
2.5
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.5
1.9
4.3
1.8
4.2
2.0
4.2
2.1
1.6
32.4
35.2
33.9
4.4
4.7
4.7
(2)
12.6
12.9
12.4
90.9
14.2
35.1
95.3
14.5
36.1
95.2
14.4
36.0
3.3
.2
.6
21. 1
10.5
25.5
13.2
9. 1
25.1
13.1
15.6
17.4
17.5
8.0
5.7
7.0
6.1
7.7
6.2
7.8
.4
(2)
(2)
.4
(2)
21.4
24.3
24.0
3.3
2.4
3.5
2.7
3.4
2.7
105.2
19.6
22.6
108.0
19.5
24.3
109.1
19.5
24.8
2.8
.1
(*)
<*>
(*)
107.5 121.0
784.8
796.4
d)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(*)
<*)
(*)
<*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
(•)
(*)
-
. 1
2.7
(2)
.7
(2)
3.6
3.8
12. 1
14.7
4. 4
6. 1
12.6
16.5
8.8
9.3
8.6
7.7
68.5
111.5
74.9
24.4
87.4
247.8
65.7
38.4
19.5
71.2
113.7
71.7
23.8
91.0
253.9
67.4
37.7
19.6
(•)
<*)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)
(*>
(•)
32.9
17.0
34.7
18.0
34.6
17.8
(1)
1.1
1.0
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*)
(*)
455.9
181,6
24.2
25.0
25.1
(D
(D
(1)
7,034.6
325.1
115.6
512.1
37.9
332.1
861.4
7.5
7.2
(D
(D
CD
(D
(D
d)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
3.7
1.9
1.7
1.5
3.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
(D
(D
d)
(D
(D
(D
(D
iU
7 . 1 208.5 222.7 216.5 1,482.9 1,494.3 1 r 502.5
11.8
11.3
11.4
61.7
64.3
62.0
d)
4.4
40.8
4.6
4.7
41.6
42.1
(1)
145.4
143.8
145.0
19.4
19.5 19.9
d)
1.9
1.8
11.7
11.6
1..8
11.7
(1)
9.8
9.8
131.8
130.9
129.1
10.0
(1)
156.9
157.4
154.6
(D 34.4 36.0 34.4
<*) 1,373.4 1,384.3
(*) 187.5 198.2
(*)
793. 1
786.7
786.2
1. 9 1 19.4 123.8 122.0
1.7
635.7
629.9
631.6
87.6
85.0 87.9
68.8 71.2 71.3
1.5
549.0
543.8
547.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
30.9
30.9
29.0
(1)
154.1
153.3
150.8
12.4
12.0 12.6
d)
2.7
15.0
15.1
2.5
2.5
15.2
(1)
60.9
60.9
59.3
11.5
11.7
12.2
(D
3.1
3.4
3.4
31.5
31.6
30.8
(D
13.0
13. 1 13.3
70.2
69.8
67.3
(1)
(*)
4,497.3
3,635.9
3,219.0
92.5
409.4
77.0
26 1.2
115.4
328.4
(1)
(D
(D
(D
9.2
4.3
6.5
9.6
34.0
37.7
5.7
2.9
1.9
6.2
3.0
1.9
32.0
12.5
35.4
15.2
34.7
15.1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
MOV.
1977
2.1
82.0
6.1
9.6
4.4
3.5
4.4
3.0
4.1
95.2
6.6
61.4
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
2.0
2.0
8 2.9
83.6
6. 1
6.1
9.8
4.5
3.4
4.6
3.1
4.1
97.1
7.4
62.0
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesalt and retail trade
9.9
4.5
3.4
4.5
3.1
4.2
98.9
7.0
63.9
OCT.
1977
1978
NOV.
1978P
8.9
347.4
38.3
57.1
10.0
19.8
34.2
11.2
18.3
8.9
344.2
39.9
57.5
10.5
20.3
34.9
11.6
18.0
350.3
40.3
58.3
10.7
20.6
35.5
11.7
18.5
420.9
16.3
251.0
432.7
16.8
254.5
437.0
16.6
258.6
31.5
10.3
31.5
10.3
97.6
39.9
97.3
39.9
1.9
1.9
9.2
1977
1 .1
81 .9
5.5
2.1
62.2
65.2
65.6
72.3
15.7
10.2
72.2
15.7
10.2
346.2
118.7
6.2
190.3
16.2
342.2
117.7
6.2
189.9
16.2
328.8
89.4
329.8
87.5
332.4
87.8
15
5.6
5.7
5.6
138.0
10.7
137.5
11.2
138.9
11.3
18
71.6
8. 1
69.2
70.6
20
6.2
7.8
6.2
7.8
6.2
21
22
22.8
22.9
126.9
28.2
42.9
23
24
22.2
125.4
27.9
42.7
14.5
14.6
7.6
5.5
131.0
80.4
33.1
147.1
86.0
42.0
146.8
86.2
41.6
51.3
23.0
14.3
53.3
24.2
14.7
53.5
24.2
14.8
26
27
28
18.2
5.5
1.8
63. 1
11.8
69.9
12.8
67.4
12.9
8.3
54.5
56.8
57.3
29
8.0
5.1
8.6
5.0
8.8
5.1
30
31
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
32
33
34
35
83.0
19.8
11.1
16.7
18.0
5.0
5.5
1.8
651.4
17.4
81.9
113.2
46.0
37.5
60.5
176.0
42.8
24.0
659.1
18.6
84.8
113.1
47.0
39.1
62.4
177.2
42.6
25.2
1 .9
1 .7
144.6 150.8
<*)
4.3
4.5
(•)
14.7
14.1
15.5
14.5
(•)
8.8
6.8
8.4
8.9
7.0
8.5
61 .5
64.2
9.1
6.4
9.4
6.7
3.2
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
3. 1
18.6
9.5
20.0
10.2
<*)
(•)
(*)
20.0
10.1
7.7
8.3
525.8
14.5
59.9
65.9
28.5
34.2
35.4
173.8
28.3
38.4
544.4
19.2
60.9
69.1
28.6
35.1
36.9
183.4
29.0
38.7
8.1
8.1
81.5
37.9
88.7
39.8
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
<•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
88.4
39.8
501.3
14.0
57.7
42.5
42.9
33.5
47.0
150.3
27.2
44.5
1 1.7
508.4
14.5
58.9
42.6
43.4
32.9
45.5
152.5
29.3
46.5
12. 8
113.1
39. 1
118.3
40.7
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
<*)
119.1
40.5
4 26.8 1,453.6 1,462.6 1,476.9 577.7 584.4 584.2 1,496.6 1,523.1 1,522.7 1,272.6 1,287.5 1,297.9
94. 1
93.4
66.7
91.2
66.1
62.0
65.1
14 .4 14.6
62.6
14.6
62.4
14.6
3.7
22.9
22.6
22.9
22.2
21.9
15.7
21.3
3.6
4.6
3.7
15.4
15.6
89.4
89.1
114.2
86.6
112.9
93.7
113.8
21.4
91.5
93.7
26. 1
22.0 22.0
6.9
7.1
6.9
8.3
6.4
1.0
8.6
6.4
1 .0
6.3
8.6
1.4
no
40.2
39.3
62.9
39.4
62.0
62.9
61.4
14.3
62.7
62.2
14.7
14.7
10.0
181.6
179.1
175.3
230.1
175.9
224.8
178.6
45.5 46.3 46.5
229.2
35.5
172.5
(*)
( • ) 1,379.0 1,412.8
<•) 580.5 588.0
( * ) 1,055.7 1,068.2
(*) 1,389.0 1,389.1
760.0
754.8
957.2 478.6 482.6 482.8 1,048.0 1,066.5 1,067.8
745.7
946.9
950.4
312.4
578.4
575.7
727. 1 433.1 436.2 436.3
570.3
717.6
892.1
725.6
888.0
276.8
875.7
501.2
499.5
494.1
628.3 414 .2 416.9 417.0
620.0
795.7
791.4
629.9
780.9
255.0
22.4
22.3
15.6
21.0
2.4
15.3
2.4
15.4
15.7
15.6
2.5
15.2
2.7
60.5
59.5
79.8
59.9
78.8
73.3
78.0
15.8
72.3
73.3
16.3
16.2
13.0
20.3
20.3
20.6
2 .2
16. 1
2.2
16.5
16.4
16.5
2.2
16.1
16.5
3.5
49.8
48.6
47.7
49.8
57.9
57.7
51.8
14.8
51.6
15.0
56.9
15.0
14.4
29.5
29.2
29.5
20.0
19.3
22.0
5.3
20.3
5.4
5.4
21.8
21.1
4.0
4.0
53.6
53. 1
79.3
53.1
78.1
11.9
16 .3 16.7
76.6
78.0
16.7
76.5
17.6
17.7
16
17
127.5
27.6
45.0
82.6
19.3
11.0
427.7 426.5
15.0
14.6
4.7
4.6
27.7
28. 1
1.4
1.4
10.0
10.3
35.5
35.2
453.5 453.7
314.4 311.6
279.3 276.1
257.5 254.3
2.9
2.8
13.1
13.1
3.6
3.5
14.4
14.3
12
104.9
15.5
53.3
76.7
18.0
10*1
4,0
13
14
105.6
15.4
53.7
13.1
4.2
1.8
17.5
173.0
28.6
101.6
15.3
53.2
13.1
106.5
47.5
173. 1
28.5
6.9
12.5
4.1
105.6
46.8
163.2
28.4
39.6
5.0
98.4
43.9
117.0
26.1
117.4
26.1
6.8
7.5
5.4
27.5
10.8
10
11
39.2
13.3
7.0
27.5
10.7
297.3
11.7
151.4
6.7
71.2
40.2
21.6
9.5
292.6
11.7
148.7
38.4
70.3
39.7
21.4
2S.6
293.7
11.9
151. 1
51.5
9.4
6.7
63.5
35.5
19.7
9.4
336.6
12.2
214.2
6
7
52.1
9.4
6.6
20.9
11.6
6.8
8.6
8
9
8.9
6.2
20.7
11.5
6.6
(•)
(*)
(•)
5
49.0
18.9
10.6
5.9
<•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
8.5
22.3
69.2
10.8
13.2
2.2
2.0
159.3
22.1
66.0
6.8
5.4
3.0
8.6
22.1
68.2
10.8
13. 1
12.3
157.8
21.9
65.6
6.7
5.4
3.0
8.8
22. 1
66.9
10.6
12.3
2.1
2.0
155.7
20.9
64.9
17.5
67.9
3
4
1
2
12.3
44.7
7.0
23.0
6.0
5.4
264.3
27.7
30.8
2.1
44.8
7.1
23. 1
(*)
(*)
(*)
5.4
259.8
27.7
30.7
11.4
42,3
6.5
22.2
14.9
18.1
29.2
6. 1
18.0
70.0
5.0
256.1
28.0
30.5
184. 1
15.6
1.9
14.9
18.5
28.5
NOV.
1978P
3.1
68.1
14.8
9.8
(*>
(•)
6.3
OCT.
1978
50.9
22.7
(•)
8.6
NOV.
1977
50.9
3. 1
3.0
22.7
4.3
1.9
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
338. 1
114.9
89.2
2.1
1 .7
20.5
4*0
1.8
3.5
109.5
25.5
88.8
2.1
8.5
95.7
38.8
1 .8
49 .8
3.4
338.4
12.3
214.0
84 .4
1 .5
3 .5
459.6
154.4
182.8 19 4. 1
319.7
11.8
202.9
5.9
8.8
1.6
3.8
9.1
1.8
4.0
457.8
153.3
8.3
210.2
22.9
1.7
11.9
3.8
5.6
8.8
1.6
3.8
9.0
1.8
3.9
8.5
449.2
154.3
8.9
211.3
22.1
4.2
1.8
9.4
18.2
25.1
8.8
12.9
6.3
331.1
28.5
44.7
130.9 134.0 134.1
52. 1 51.3 52.8
2.4
2.4
2.5
69.0
65.8 68.9
5.6
5.8
5.8
4.4
9.2
17.6
24.3
6.4
329.0
28.7
44.3
9.5
18.4
25.3
8.5
12.9
6.0
312.7
26.8
43.5
159.6
34. 1
212.5
23.1
NOV.
1978P
1.2
158.1
33.6
8.7
OCT.
1978
84.2
8.2
38.4
NOV.
1977
1.2
30.4
10.0
38.8
8.2
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
84.0
153.4
31.4
37.3
8.2
Services
NOV.
NOV.
Government
19
25
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
3-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
In thousands)
Tottl
State and »rea
1
2
3
4
5
43
..
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston . . .
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
50
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
d)
<D
235.9
63.1
3.5
(2)
4.0
(2)
3.9
(2)
4,417.6
268.0
155.3
593.6
913.5
495.4
362.9
312.3
215.7
30.5
.4
.9
.5
1.5
.8
.4
.6
.3
30.9
.4
1.0
.5
1.6
.9
.4
.7
.3
31.2
.4
1.0
.5
1.6
.9
.4
.7
.3
1,041.4 1,042.2
375.0
375.4
267.3
268.5
50.5
11.9
16. 1
54.4
13.9
16.6
54.8
14.0
16.7
50.8
18.7
14.1
1,016.3
101.9
1,012.5
101.8
1.8
2.1
2.1
(D
(D
(D
499.7
83.3
Eugene-Springfield
Jackson County . . .
Portland
Salem
Rapid City '.4.
Sioux Falls ! 4
<U
(D
d)
(D
528.8
87.6
529.5
84.3
(D
(D
(D
(D
d)
(D
4,660.1 4,684.5
266.6
266,
52.0
52.
1 , 5 4 9 . 5 1,561.4
115.9
116,
210.6
211.
87.6
86.
147.2
146.
232.5
232.
1,868.5 1,882.8
812.3
807.
934.8
928.
138,
139.5
82.9
82.
122.4
121.
48.6
48.
148.3
150,
49.0
47.2
406.4
419.0
408.8
422.3
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
d)
13.1
13.2
1, 101.1 1,127.8
132.8
135.0
167.5
171.9
246.6
250.8
1, 129.0
134.8
173.2
251.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
236.8
28.9
53.3
237.3
63.2
4,630.
262.
52,
1,541,
112.
206.
87.
144 .
233.
1,846,
802,
917.
135,
83.
124.
47,
143,
389.6
400 .5
230.8
27.5
51.6
236.2
29.2
53.5
1,716.6 1,726. 1
164.6
163.6
189.5
188.3
348.8
349.8
345.0
(*)
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville-Davidson .
1,676.8
162.8
185.9
343.9
332.7
TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
B .-aumont—Port Arthur—Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston-Texas City
4,971 .7 5, 180.0 5,204.8
72.0
69 .8
72.2
217.4
204.7
216.0
143.7
143.9
144.0
104.5
107.9
107
1 , 2 0 5 . 1 1,261.8 1,265.4
140.5
146.2
144.8
69.1
72.5
72.6
See footnotes at end of table.
104
Manufacturing
47.6
OCT.
1978
4 , 3 0 5 . 5 4,407.
267.
263.4
154.
151 . 9
593.
57 3 . 2
911.
893.9
491.
482 .0
361.
352.1
310,
300.4
215,
212.4
OKLAHOMA . . .
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
48 SOUTH DAKOTA
4.7
227.1
60.6
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
25 PENNSYLVANIA
26
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
27
Altoona
,
28
Delaware Valley ! °
29
Erie
30
Harrisburg
31
Johnstown
32
Lancaster
33
Northeast Pennsylvania
34
Philadelphia SMSA
35
Philadelphia City .'.'
36
Pittsburgh
37
Reading
38
Scranton \2.
39
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton '.3.
40
Williamsport
41
York
2, 1 7 7 - 5 2 , 2 3 8 . 7 2 , 2 4 5 . 0
68.3
65.6
68.6
305.1
303.2
297.7
36 7.8
366.2
359.7
244.6
243.4
234.9
556.9
99.7
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorhead
20
21
22
23
24
MOT.
1977
998 .4
346.6
260.4
| NORTH CAROLINA .
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Pt
Raleigh-Durham
18
19
Construction
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
19 77
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
5.2
(1)
(D
(1)
d)
(1)
(D
9.0
9.4
(D
(D
1.5
1.4
(D
(D
12.0
(D
(D
(1)
11.4
1.3
1.2
(D
(D
(D
(D
d)
(D
(D
5.2
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
113.1
3.4
14.9
15. 1
12.2
792.5
20.9
85.7
143.3
37.2
808.4
21.8
85.5
143.9
38.6
808.6
21.9
86.1
144.2
38.8
19.4
5.0
15.6
5.2
16.7
5.2
16.2
5.1
174.0 191.3 185.9
8.7
9.1
8.2
6.9
7.0
6. 1
27.7
28.2
25.7
33.0
31.4
33.7
21.7
20. 1 22.2
15.5
13.8
15.9
12.8
12.0
13. 1
8.9
7.9
9.2
1,362.6
85.6
56.1
164.9
275.4
101.0
111.2
89.8
82.4
57.7
25.0
15.3
56. 1
24.7
15.0
166.2
45.2
54.6
171.4
48.6
55.6
172.4
49.1
56.1
43.9
5.7
53.0
5.5
52.2
5.3
23.0
5.3
28.4
5.6
27.8
5.3
210.7
20.2
7.9
102.0
14.5
225.1
20.6
7.9
108.2
16.0
220.6
20.4
7.4
106.9
13.4
HOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
105.7 113.1
3. 1
3.4
14.7
14.8
15.4
15.4
11.4
12.4
17.9
4.7
20.5
5.3
1,381.5 1,387.0
83.9
84.0
56.5
56.4
170.9
170.3
281.1
280.5
101.7
101.0
111.6
110.7
92.1
91.9
80.9
81.0
194.0 203.1 195.7
9.4
10.3
9.8
2.2
(1)
2.4
2.7
(D 54.6 5 7 . 5 5 6 . 0
4.4
4.3
3.5
0)
9.7
8.6
10.3
(1)
2.6
3.8
2.7
9.5
8.0
6.9
7.8
(D
10.0
13.4
10.1
1.4
(D 6 5 . 8 70.2 68.7
(D 1 6 . 5 18.1 17.3
47.2
49.4
50.6
11.6
5. 1
5.5
5. 5
(D
2.8
2.0
2.1
(D
9.5
6.9
7.0
1.2
1.8
2.1
2. 1
(D
6.4
6.6
6.8
(D
1,343.7
106.8
12.9
14.9
15.1
15.0
15.2
132.2
149.6
139.0
155.9
138.9
155.9
72.4
9.6
8.3
16.9
72.0
9.3
8.4
385.6
18.3
25.0
101.6
24.1
2.7
7.1
387.7
18.8
25.8
102.5
388.3
18.7
25.9
102.9
24.7
2.7
7.1
25.1
2.7
7.2
(D
382.9
43.6
40.1
19,5
58.5
69.7
450.4
156.5
243.3
52.4
26.0
39.1
18.0
60.7
1 , 3 6 7 . 5 1,371.4
108.4
108.2
12.9
12.9
385.3
382.2
45.1
45.2
41.4
41.7
19.2
18.9
59.1
58.9
70.0
70.6
456.8
453.0
155.7
155.4
250.8
248.7
54.4
53.0
27.0
27. 1
38.3
38.4
18.2
18.2
63.1
65.2
d)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
68.8
10.7
8.2
14.9
2.7
(2)
(2)
2.6
(2)
(2)
2.6
(2)
(2)
13.8
2.7
3.4
14.3
3.2
4.0
13.9
2.9
3.9
9.4
1. 1
1.6
.1
8.4
1.2
1.6
.2
8.8
1.2
1.6
.2
(*)
80.2
5.9
11.9
14.7
17.4
90.8
5.8
11.6
13.6
21.3
91.2
5.9
11.5
13.7
<*)
521.0
55.8
52.3
61.6
82.1
526.1
54.8
52.1
63.8
83.0
528.8
55.0
53.3
63.3
(*)
173.4 347.3 364.1 364.9
4.7
O)
5.5
5.6
13
(1)
11.6
13.3
d) 16.2 15.0 15.2
11.6
9.5
11.5
4.3
60
55.7
61.0
16.6
8.6
8.2
8.4
(D
5.S
5.0
5.9
(D
916.8
8.7
958.9
9.1
26.3
41.6
13.3
285.7
29.5
12.0
963.2
9.1
26.4
41.7
13.2
287.0
30.1
12.0
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
160.3 172.6
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
4.2
14.2
(D
(D
4.3
16.5
d)
(1)
16.2
23.6
41.3
13.0
270.8
28.1
11.8
LSrAbLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
F inane*, insurance,
and real astata
Wholesale and ratail trade
public utilities
OCT. HO?.
1978 1978P
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
298.0
11.1
43.9
50.4
48.9
312.6
11.3
46.3
52.7
51.4
311.3
10.9
45.7
52.6
51.6
363.7
11.5
36.5
42.2
65.7
369.8
12. 1
37.9
42.9
67.4
373.2
11.9
38.2
43.3
67.3
2
3
4
3.7
42.8
12.4
44.9
12.7
44.7
12.8
59.2
12.0
59.6
12.2
59.8
12.3
6
7
962.2
61.3
33.5
135.8
209.1
118.3
75.2
70.1
45.9
970.2 185.5 192.8 193.2
9.1
9.4
62.1
9.3
5.7
5.9
33.9
5.9
137.0 2 9 . 9
30.2 30.2
45.8
45.7
210.9 4 5 . 4
33.6 33.9
121.0 3 1 . 8
76.4
12.0
12.7
12.6
10.0
70.8
10.5 10.6
7.0
6.9
6.9
46.3
735.4
45.1
25.1
104.5
167.5
90.9
64.0
54.2
34.0
771.9
47.7
26.2
112.5
177.4
94.8
67.2
57.7
35.6
766.5
46.8
26.1
110.6
177.3
94.4
67.2
57.5
35.5
650.8
41.6
17.7
80.7
119. 1
96.6
64.5
45.7
25.7
646.8
41.4
17.0
81.9
115. 1
95.3
65.7
45.7
26.0
652.8
42.1
17.3
82.2
115.6
96.6
65.9
46.5
26.4
8
g
OCT.
1978
N07.
1978P
MOV.
1977
1977
OCT. SOV.
1978 1978P
423.0
13.4
71.1
72.0
47.3
435.2
14.2
72.2
73.5
48.0
439.5
14.3
73.6
74.9
49.1
84.4
84.4
84.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
18.6
16.2
13.7
18.7
16.6
13.9
18.7
16.5
13.9
63.9
19.1
65.7
20.2
65.9
20.3
10.1
10.7
10.8
3.5
3.7
224.2 230.4 230.9
14.7
14.7
14.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
34.4
32.8 34.3
48.4
47.4 48.3
25.1
23.6 25.2
13.4
12.6
13.5
20.1 21.3 21.5
10.5
10.1
10.4
942.6
58.9
32.6
134.2
206.3
117.1
73.6
68.1
45.2
NOV.
1977
105.5 110.0 109.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
27.9
27.2 27.8
20.2 21.2
21.2
10.7
11.7
11.7
14.. 1
3.7
15.2
15.2
3.9
3.9
NOV.
Qov#rnni#nt
Services
NOV.
1
5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
59.7
20.6
19.6
60.9
21.4
19.9
61.4
21.4
19.9
237.7
86.6
64.1
245.1
89.7
63.9
247.2
91.2
64.4
49.5
21 .7
13.3
51.3
23.1
13.8
51.4
23.1
14.0
163.0
57.3
50.7
173.8
63.3
53.8
173.5
63.7
53.9
221.0
84.6
27.9
226.8
90.0
28.4
225.4
88.2
28.5
18
19
54.6
58.5
5. 1
58.6
5. 1
231.8
24.5
243.5
24.6
244.2
24.6
58.5
63.0
62.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
165.2
17.7
175.1
18.2
174.3
17.9
190.2
21.9
196.0
23.1
197.6
23.7
20
21
32.7
34.7
34.8
136.7
1.7.8
40.2
3.3
135.0
17.8
40.3
3.3
129.2
16.9
38.3
3.1
4.9
5.1
5.1
96.0
12.8
102.5
13.1
102.1
13.0
78.5
25.8
79.7
26.7
81.0
26.4
22
23
24
954.2
45.9
11.6
330.5
21.7
40.8
16.5
946.8
46.9
11.4
327.5
22.1
41.3
16.1
964.0 2 2 0 . 0 227.1 228.2
8.1
8.1
7.9
47.4
1.4
1.4
11.4
1.4
334.5 9 9 . 7 101.4 101.7
4.7
4.5
22.3
4.5
41.4
12.2
11.6
12.0
3.7
3.8
3.8
16.3
879.0
40.3
903.6
41.3
900.2
41.3
731.1
38.1
703.6
38.4
715.9
38.5
7.8
8.1
8.1
7.5
7.8
7.9
351.7
19.8
35.2
15.3
367.8
19.8
35.5
15.3
368.4
19.9
35.2
15.5
240.3
14.5
55, 1
14.2
230.9
14.4
55.6
15.1
233.0
14.3
55.7
15.1
"7
o i *7
Jit /
3
1 1
jiii
o o c.
o o /i
ZZ • 4
1/1 a
14. b
49.4
412.6
159.5
202.0
25.3
19.2
25.6
40.. 1
430.2
211.0
187.6
22.4
16.2
17.4
37.7
297.6
147.7
126.0
19.4
11.2
20.0
38.4
290.4
141.9
125.7
20.2
10.7
20.3
38.8
292.8
142.5
127.8
19.6
10.9
20.6
30.2
49.0
411.7
160.4
204.2
25.3
18.3
25.9
10.2
31.1
4.9
259.9 261.2 261.5
13.5
12.9
13.5
8.2
8.2
8.1
81.8
82.2
82.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
15.1
14.9
5.6
14.9
5.6
5.6
O• J
C
Q
C
o • /
12.2
97.2
55.2
57.2
o. o
12.9
97.0
54.9
56.6
12.9
97.2
55. 1
56.5
6.4
4.2
6.1
2,3
6.5
6.5
4.5
6.5
2.4
6.7
6.5
4.6
6.5
2.4
6.6
13.4
13.3
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.5
79.3
78.9
81.2
81.7
83.1
84.4
19.4
19.3
20.1
20.6
45,. 6
44.2
9.3
50.0
9.3
8.8
9.2
419.5 113.8 117.1 117.6
163.6 6 5 . 9 67.0 67.1
208.1 41 .9 42.9
43.0
5.2
5.6
5.6
25.5
3.3
3.4
3.4
18.8
4.7
26.5
5.0
5.0
2.0
1 .8
2.0
10.2
31.7
3.8
3.6
3.9
49.9
49.6
8.5
9.0
9.8
8.6
9.0
9.9
204.0
28.6
35.7
46.9
209. 1
28.5
35.9
47.4
211.0
28.8
36.9
48.0
41 .5
7.4
8.5
9.6
13.2
13.5
13.8
63.0
63.8
1.8
4.6
1.9
5.0
1.9
5.1
7.9
8.3
15.8
15.2
15.3
78.6
82.2
82.4
6.3
7.6
6.2
6.2
7.7
360.1
29.9
38.1
92.2
74.2
370.3
29.8
38.3
91.5
77.8
375.2
30.1
38.4
92.8
23.9
17.7
7.7
25. 1
18.6
25.2
(*)
201.2
188.1
21.7
16.5
17.8
40.5
429.1
209.4
188.3
22.4
16.2
17.5
1/1 "
7
tH • I
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
7.8
7.8
7.8
6.1
5.9
5.9
19.3
19.5
19.5
17. 1
17. 1
17.0
20.2
20.7
72.8
69.9
77.6
75.2
77.3
74.9
59.4
56.3
59.9
56.S
60.7
57.7
42
43
44.2
44
45
5.6
5.9
5.9
12.3
13.3
8.8
9.1
13.3
9. 1
133.5
19.8
25.1
32.2
139.7
20.4
26.2
33.0
138.4
20.5
25.9
33.1
220.3
42.4
52.7
32.6
222.9
43.3
53.4
32. 1
223.6
43.0
53.8
32.2
64.4
10.3
11.1
10.9
46.9
4 8.9
48.9
56.8
57.3
57.2
8.3
1.3
3.2
1.4
3.2
1.3
2.9
5.6
6.2
6.2
5.5
5.6
6.7
70.3
71.2
70.9
8.3
6.8
8.6
7.0
8.7
7.0
18.6
19.8
18.7
20.1
18.7
(*)
25
40
41
(•)
313.7 331.9 331.9 1,222.8 1,259.9 1 f 273.4 2 7 7 . 0 290.2 290.2
6.7
3.5
21.2
3.6
3.6
21.2
20.9
6.9
6.9
12.7
1 1 .7 12.7
44.8
42.7
44.1
6.8
6.5
6.8
5.4
5.4
5.2
29.4
29.7
29.4
11.2
10.7
11.3
5.4
25.7
25.4
25.6
6.2
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.6
95. 1 95.3
336. 1 9 0 . 6
323.3
332.8
79.5 8 5 . 1 85.0
6.8
7.2
9.2
7.2
36.6
36.1
36.1
9.3
9.2
4.9
4.6
4.9
13.3
12.7
13.3
7.2
6.9
7.3
ZZ» J
40.3
408.8
1/1 O
14 • O
17
11.1
12.2
12.2
6.a
5.5
6.8
255.6
25.7
27.7
66.8
60.3
258.5
25.9
27.9
68.1
60.8
257.7
26.0
27.8
67.6
301.6
29.8
39.9
66.0
61.2
309.1
31.3
42.1
67.8
63.4
311.1
31.5
42.2
68.3
856.2
13.3
34.2
22.0
17.3
207.3
24.1
10.2
885.1
13.3
35.2
22.4
17.6
220.3
25.0
10.9
886.5
13.3
35.3
22.1
17.6
219.2
24.9
10.8
877.6
12.0
74. 4
18.6
23.5
163.7
27.9
17.9
S17.3
12.5
77.6
18.9
23.6
165.3
29.4
18.3
921.3
12.4
78.1
18.9
23.7
165.5
29.6
18.4
(*)
(*)
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
1 , 1 9 7 . 8 1 , 255. 8 1, 2 6 0 . 3
88. 2
87. 9
85.7
357. 8
357. 0
344.8
66. 7
66. 7
65.0
49. 3
49. 2
48.4
51.2
53.2
NOV.
1977
1
2
3
4
5
TEXAS—Continued
Houston . .
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco .
Wichita Falls
OCT.
1978
(1)
(1)
1.8
(1)
1.8
(1)
2.6
2.5
Manufacturing
Construction
. - ,
OCT. NOV.
1976 1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
3 140.4 140.8
5.5
5.6
0
24.2
0 24.4
3.7
3.9
2
2.5
5
2.6
195.8
14.2
43.1
15.9
205.2
13.5
45.5
16.0
8.5
9.0
205.8
13.4
45.4
16.0
NOV.
1977
53. 1 129.
5.
(D
1.7
22.
3.
(1)
2.6
2.
9.1
508.8
361 .6
544.
385. 3
548. 3
388. 5
15.9
6.8
16.3
7.1
16.5
7. 1
34. 1
23. 4
39.0
26.7
38.4
26.2
77.3
51.7
81.8
54.3
82.1
54.8
179.0
47.7
13.3
IPS. fl
187. 0
51. 1
13. 8
.7
.7
.7
9. 0
9.5
9. 1
44.7
11.0
5.6
48.5
12.6
6.0
48.3
12.7
11 VIRGINIA
1, 9 5 4 . 4
25.1
Bristol
12
64.7
Lynch burg
13
136.4
Newport News—Hampton
14
260.9
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth
15
381 .3
Northern Virginia ??,
16
44.8
Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell
17
303.0
Richmond
18
99.9
Roanoke
19
037. 9
,040. 8
26. 3
66. 0
139. 6
269. 3
401. 0
45. 1
314. 5
102. 8
22.7
407.7
413.0
412.5
8.5
9.3
9.3
28.4
35.3
28.0
14.4
12.6
53.0
21.5
28.7
32.9
29.0
15.2
12.2
54.5
21.7
28.7
32.8
28.5
15.2
12.3
54.5
21.6
258.2
115.6
15.7
21.1
298.T
150.7
16.5
21.1
(*)
<*)
124.8
19.4
27.5
15.8
14.1
126.7
19.3
28.4
16.9
13.9
126.5
19.3
28.3
16.9
13.9
542.4
44.5
562.2
47.2
562.6
47.1
g UTAH '
7
4
Salt Lake City-Ogden
14
g VERMONT
Burlington . .5
Springfield -1.5
10
9
20 WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett
21
Spokane
22
Tacoma
23
I?
24 WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
25
Huntington—Ashland
26
Parkersburg-Marietta
27
Wheeling
29 WISCONSIN
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Appleton—Oshkosh . . . .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine . . . .
38 WYOMING
39
40
Casper
Cheyenne
1
.
1
14. 1
66. 0
140.4
269. 8
398. 3
44. 8
312. 8
102. 7
1 . 37 3 . 4 1 , 491. 6
712. 7
634.2
114.5
120. 2
132. 2
126 .2
(•)
(*)
(1)
(1)
(1)
106
O)
.4
(1)
(t)
.4
(D
(D
.4
.4
2.2
(1)
2 2 . 8 117. 1 128.0 125.5
1. 0
1.2
1.3
(1)
3.4
3. 1
3.5
(1)
6.8
5. 8
6.9
(1)
(D 15. 6 18.3 18.2
27.2
2 5 . 4 27.4
.4
2.1
2.2
2. 4
(1)
18.6
18. 3 18.9
.4
5.6
5.8
.2
5. 6
2.5
(D
.2
.2
(D
(*)
(*)
(•)
(D
(D
(*)
(•)
(1)
(1)
(*)
639.7
108. 9
101. 2
54, 9
66. 6
75.3
6.6
1.0
.5
7.3
73.6
6.7
1.0
.5
7.1
75.6
1 ,925. 7
1 r 836 .7 1 r 924.
119. 1
119. 0
113.1
42. 4
42. 1
41.7
73 3
71 .3
74. 0
43 .1
40.7
43. 1
4 1 .9
42. 0
40.3
155 . 9
156. 6
154.7
652 .8
630.8
649. 4
68 .8
68. 8
67.2
2.5
(1)
2.7
(1)
(1)
2.6
(1)
626.4
108.9
99,3
52.8
65.4
171 . 7
31 .4
24.5
637. 6
108. 6
100. 4
54. 3
66. 4
188. 9
35. 5
27. 3
188.
1
36 4
27 . 1
P)
(D
(1)
(1)
6.8
1.0
.5
7.2
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(1)
(1)
26.7
30.0
7.2
30.3
7.8
6.0
(D
Combined with services.
Combined with construction.
3
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area.
4
Revised to 1977 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data,
s Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
6
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
7
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
8
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
9
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
10
Subarea of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties. Pennsylvania.
1
> Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Philadelphia County.
12
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lack2
22.9
(1)
-
(D
(D
79.
34.
6.
6.
3
1
7
8
93. 1
43.8
(*)
<*)
8.3
(*)
38.
7.
6.
2.
3.
7
44.0
42.3
5
4
7.7
6.2
7.5
6.5
9
4
3.3
3.8
3.5
3.9
8 2 . 4 100.2
5. 0
5.9
1.6
1. 8
3. 6
3.8
1. 2
1.4
2.1
1. 9
7.9
7, 9
23, 6 26.4
2. 5
2.8
96.2
20.3
4. 1
20.2
17. 6
3. 1
1. 7
7.7
<*)
5.8
1.6
3.7
1.3
2.2
7.4
26.1
2.7
2.0
awanna County.
13
Subarea of
zerne County.
14
Revised to 1
1s
Total includes d.
16
Subarea of Wihinptan, O.-Q, I
Fairfax, Falls Church, MnniMi HI. aoat M M
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
4.0
2.0
8.7
20.8
16. 1
10.1
18.4
203.2
28.5
9.4
1.7
1.6
8.5
21.3
18.0
10.5
18.1
209.5
29.7
9.9
1.8
1.6
6.0
(*)
(•)
8.4
21.1
18.0
10.5
17.8
211.3
29.8
9.3
1.8
1.6
Standard,Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lu-
aratrty.
, and Arlington, 'Fairfax, Locrttoun,
17
Revised to December, tS77 J
published data.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
Finance, insurance,
Wholesale and retail trade
public utilities
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
310.8
27.0
87.7
15.6
12.4
313.4
27.4
88.5
15.7
12.4
70.4
76.7
4.0
4.2
23.2
24.5
3.2
2.5
297.2
26.4
86.4
15.2
12.4
3.6
3.8
2.3
3.8
2.3
33.2
26.3
33.2
26.4
123.7
92.6
131.8
98.2
135.0
100.9
23.0
18.9
24.9
20.2
8.8
2.2
.8
8.8
2.1
.8
37.6
10.2
39.7
10.8
39.7
11.1
2.1
2.3
7.1
-
7.3
-
110.3 110.9
.9
.8
.8
2.3
2.5
2.3
4.7
4.8
4.8
17.2
17.0 17.4
27.6
26.4 27.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
18.9
18.7
18.3
10.1
10.1
9.9
412.8
426.1
6.2
6.0
10.9
24.7
64.7
92.4
10.8
26.0
65.4
96.4
8.2
8.1
8.3
70.6
24.0
70.6
24.8
72.3
25.3
78.3
44.7
85.7
47.8
7.5
5.8
8.1
6.4
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
341.8
161.3
31 .8
30.1
368.2
174.4
33.6
31.6
41.3
41.6
42.0
2.5
3.7
9.3
9.4
2.4
3.7
126.6
24.4
21.1
11.6
15.3
128.5
24.8
21.6
11.7
15.5
19 .9
9.2
125.3
24.7
20.8
11.5
14.5
87.4
4. 1
91.0
4. 1
90.4
4. 1
2.4
4.4
1.6
2.2
5.4
2.4
4.5
1.6
421.0
23.2
10.4
16.8
32.4
2.7
33.5
33.5
2.4
2.5
442.9
24.3
11.0
18.0
8. 1
11.5
35.2
142.5
12.8
446.4
24.5
11.0
17.7
5.4
2.5
4.5
1.5
2.2
5.4
13.3
14.3
14.4
42.0
2.2
3.4
2.3
3.7
2.4
3.7
42.9
10.3
NOV.
1977
OCT. NOV.
1978 1978P
87.6
U.7
15.1
93.1
3.2
2.5
92.9
4.8
16.2
3.2
2.5
30. 1
23.8
8.U
2.0
.8
4.8
16.2
107.7
9.0
9.5
2.4
3.6
9. 3
2. 1
NOV.
7.9
10.7
34.1
138.5
12.3
37.9
8. 1
5.9
9.8
6.5
2.2
430.9
6. 1
11.0
26.2
65.9
97.9
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*>
8.2
11.5
35.5
144.5
12.8
6.6
2 .2
NOV.
1978P
230.9
13.8
64.6
13.0
239.2
14.4
• 66.9
13.2
239.7
14.5
66.9
13.4
137.4
18.4
90.0
11.0
10.4
137.6
18.5
90.5
10.9
10.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
85.1
57.5
93.7
63.8
92.9
63.2
119.5
86.8
123.7
88.8
125.1
89.5
7.3
-
39.1
10.1
41.7
10.9
40.1
10.5
32.6
32.7
33.0
327.6
3. 1
.9
2.9
4.4
13.3
12.9
25.3
23.9
1. 1
1 .1
23.4
23.1
13.2
25.3
-
-
2.6
2.5
344.7
467.5
496.6
499.4
8.7
3.1
8.8
3.1
8.7
4.6
8.3
4.8
9.0
4.9
9.0
24.1
44.8
88.2
26.3
46.2
93.5
25.2
46.0
94.2
39.0
80.2
112.7
14.6
74.2
16.2
1.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
23.4
5.8
5.8
50.7
17.6
52.1
18.1
51.6
17.9
83.9
49. 1
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
250.2
121.4
25.6
25.8
274.0
134.4
27.5
28.6
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
286. 1
111.5
19.9
30.4
286.1
112.5
18.9
29.7
87.5
18.2
13.7
8. 1
12.3
89.5
18.3
13.9
88.9
18.3
14.0
113.6
18.7
17.0
115.0
18.4
16.9
8.1
8.4
12.5
12.3
9.8
7.6
9.6
7.6
323.3
17.2
342.8
18.1
339.8
17.9
7.9
8.2
8.1
13.3
13.7
13.7
7.2
8.2
7.3
8.5
7.4
8.4
7.9
6.5
20.5
4.7
3.6
1.9
2.4
4.7
3.7
1.9
2.4
80 .4 84.5
4.6
4 .4
1.3
1 .3
84.8
2.4
.8
.9
2.6
.8
.9
4.6
1.3
2.6
.8
.9
10.5
32.3
11.3
33.3
11.3
33.4
2.1
2.2
2.2
5.7
1 .3
1 .4
6.2
1.3
1.4
6.2
1.3
1.4
-
347.2
2.5
37.5
77.9
110.2
14.0
68.6
15.6
20.5
2.4
OCT.
1978
25.1
20.4
.9
2.9
4.5
1 .8
NOV.
1977
7.5
.8
2.8
4.3
4.6
3.6
NOV.
1978P
7.5
94. 1
7.3
6.2
OCT.
1978
7.3
93.8
77.3
45.6
NOV.
1977
135.4
17.6
88.6
10.9
10.4
76.8
4. 1
24.4
91 .3
5.5
Government
Services
and real estate
297.2
14.7
9. 1
10. 1
297.9
14.9
39.4
80.3
113.2
14.7
74.8
16.3
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
115.5
18.2
16.8
9.6
7.7
303.0
15.1
9.0
9.5
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
10.0
10.0
32
5.9
6.3
5.9
6.3
5.9
6.3
33
34
52.7
74.3
25.0
124.3
10.1
25.9
130. 1
10.4
25.8
129.8
10.3
53.4
76.4
9. 1
52. 8|
74.2
8.4
8.5
36
37
22.5
24.9
23.9
38.6
41.3
40.9
38
4.5
4.6
4.0
4.5
3.7
4.5
6.6
4.4
4.3
8. 1
8. 1
39
40
3.9|
35
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1957 to date
Average
Year and
month
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Total private1
1957. . .
1958...
1959?..
I960.. .
1961. . .
1962. . .
1963...
1964. . .
1965. . .
1966. . .
1967. . .
1968. . .
1969. . .
1970. . .
1971. . .
1972...
1973. . .
1974. . .
1975. . .
1976. . .
1977. . .
1978P..,
1977:
Dec...
1978:
Jan . . ,
Feb..,
Mar. . ,
Apr, .
May. .
June . .
July. . ,
Aug. . ,
Sept. .
Oct . . .
Nov.P.
Dec.P.
$98.25
96.08
103.68
105.04
106.92
110. 70
114.40
117.74
123. 52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
164.40
172. 14
189. 14
200.98
219. 14
249. 31
273.90
301.20
330. 27
40. 1 $ 2 . 4 5
2.47
38.9
2. 56
40. 5
2.60
40. 4
40. 5
2. 64
2.70
41. 0
2.75
41.6
2.81
41.9
2.92
42. 3
3. 05
42.7
3. 19
42.6
3. 35
42. 6
43. 0
3. 60
42.7
3.85
42. 4
4. 06
42. 6
4.44
42. 4
4.74
5.23
41. 9
5.95
41.9
6.46
42.4
6.94
43.4
7.61
43. 4
36.2
5. 40
289.08
42. 7
35. 1
35. 3
35.8
35.8
35. 7
36.2
36. 3
36.2
36.0
35.9
35.8
36. 0
5.47
5.49
5. 52
5.59
5. 62
5. 65
5.69
5. 71
5.82
5.86
5.87
5. 90
289. 53
297. 30
301. 63
332.23
331. 58
336.05
337.82
338.09
345. 39
348.29
351. 35
352. 59
41. 9
42.9
43. 4
43.6
43.4
43.7
43.2
43.4
43. 5
43.7
43. 7
43.8
38.8
38.5
39. 0
38. 6
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.7
38.8
38. 6
38. 0
37.8
37. 7
37. 1
36.9
37. 0
36.9
36.5
36. 1
36. 1
36. 0
35.8
195.48
192. 00
193.80
197. 62
200. 12
200. 63
2 04. 53
206. 55
206. 70
209. 52
210. 37
210. 15
212.40
1
2
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
$100.27
103.78
108.41
112.67
118.08
122.47
127. 19
132.06
138.38
146.26
154. 95
164.49
181. 54
195.45
211. 67
221. 19
235.89
249.25
266. 08
283.36
295.29
316. 35
37. 0
36.8
37. 0
36.7
36. 9
37.0
37. 3
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37. 9
37. 3
37.2
36. 5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36. 5
36.7
$2. 71
2.82
2.93
3. 07
3.20
3. 31
3.41
3. 55
3.70
3.89
4. 11
4.41
4.79
5.24
5.69
6. 06
6.41
6. 81
7. 31
7. 70
8. 09
8.62
6.77
299.27
36. 1
6.91
6.93
6.95
7.62
7.64
7.69
7.82
7. 79
7.94
7.97
8. 04
8.05
275. 22
287.87
304. 92
310.43
312. 68
324. 42
329. 67
330.49
332. 63
336. 55
323. 60
328.99
33.0
34.6
36. 3
37. 0
36.7
37.9
38.2
37.9
37. 5
37.9
36.4
36.8
Wholesale and
retail trade
$2.04
2. 10
2. 19
2.26
2. 32
2. 39
2.45
2. 53
2. 61
2. 71
2.82
3. 01
3. 19
3. 35
3. 57
3.82
4. 09
4.43
4.83
5.22
5. 67
6. 16
$81. 19
82. 32
88.26
89. 72
92. 34
96.56
99.2 3
102. 97
107. 53
112. 19
114.49
122. 51
129. 51
133. 33
142.44
154. 71
166.46
177. 20
190.79
209. 32
228.50
248.86
39.8
39.2
40. 3
39. 7
39.8
40. 4
40. 5
40.7
41.2
41. 4
40. 6
40. 7
40. 6
39.8
39. 9
40. 5
40. 7
40. 0
39-5
40. 1
40. 3
40.4
8.29
243. 31
41. 1
5. 92
5.67
8. 34
8. 32
8.40
8.39
8. 52
8. 56
8. 63
8. 72
8.87
8.88
8.89
8.94
2 34. 02
236.81
242. 40
243.61
245.23
249-29
248.65
248.86
255. 60
256. 59
260. 53
265.74
39.2
39.6
40. 4
40.4
40. 4
40.8
40. 3
40. 4
40.7
40. 6
40.9
41. 2
5. 97
5. 98
6. 00
6. 03
6. 07
6. 11
6. 17
6. 16
6. 28
6. 32
6. 37
6.45
5. 73
5. 73
5. 75
5.79
5.82
5.85
5.92
5. 90
5.99
6. 04
6.09
6. 16
$67.53
70. 12
72.74
75. 14
77. 12
8 0.94
84.38
85. 79
88.91
92. 13
95.72
101. 75
108.70
112. 67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148. 19
155. 43
165. 26
178.85
36.7
37. 1
37.3
37.2
36.9
37. 3
37. 5
37. 3
37.2
37. 3
37. 1
37. 0
37. 1
36. 7
36. 6
36. 6
36. 6
36. 5
36. 5
36.4
36.4
36. 5
$ 1.84
1.89
1.95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 17
2.25
2. 30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2. 75
2. 93
3. 07
3.22
3. 36
3. 53
3.77
4. 06
4.27
4. 54
4.90
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80. 38
83.97
90. 57
96. 66
103. 06
110. 8 5
117. 29
126.00
134. 67
143. 52
153.45
163.67
36. 1
35.9
35. 5
35. 1
34.7
34.7
34. 4
33. 9
33. 9
33.8
33. 6
33. 5
33. 3
33. 0
32.8
$ 1 . 94
2. 05
2. 17
2.29
2.42
2. 61
2.81
3. 04
3. 27
3.47
3. 75
4. 02
4. 31
4.65
4.99
fc 118. 78
125. 14
128. 13
130.82
138.85
147.74
155. 93
168.82
187.86
203. 31
217.48
233.44
256. 71
278. 90
301. 60
41. 1
41. 3
41.2
40. 5
40. 6
40. 7
40. 5
40. 1
40. 4
40. 5
40.2
39. 7
39.8
39. 9
40. 0
$2.89
3.03
3. 11
3.23
3.42
3. 63
3.85
4.21
4. 65
5. 02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7. 54
69.91
72. 01
74. 66
76. 91
79. 39
82. 35
87.00
9 1 . 39
96.02
101.09
106.45
111. 76
119.02
126.45
133. 79
142.19
152.85
293. 06
40.2
7.29
146.29
33.4
4.38
169.99
36.4
4.67
158.40
33.0
4.80
289.20
294.80
294. 33
296. 51
297.26
301. 04
301.20
307. 49
309. 94
309. 57
309- 20
312. 76
39.4
40.0
40. 1
39.8
39.9
40. 3
40.0
40. 3
40.2
40. 1
40. 0
40. 2
7. 34
7. 37
7. 34
7.45
7.45
7.47
7. 53
7. 63
7.71
7. 72
7. 73
7.78
146. 19
146. 64
149. 11
150.42
150. 75
153. 38
157. 04
156. 45
155. 47
156. 31
156.48
158. 07
32.2
32.3
32. 7
32.7
32. 7
33.2
33. 7
33. 5
32.8
32.7
32. 6
33. 0
4. 54
4. 54
4.56
4. 60
4.61
4.62
4.66
4.67
4.74
4. 78
4. 80
4.79
173.26
173.26
172.79
177. 14
176.06
178.49
180.93
179. 71
180. 91
183. 73
182.59
183. 32
36.4
36.4
36.3
36.6
36. 3
36. 5
36.7
36. 6
36.4
36.6
36. 3
36. 3
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.84
4.85
4.89
4.93
4.91
4.97
5. 02
5. 03
5. 05
160.39
160. 56
161. 05
162.36
161. 37
162.69
164. 84
164. 01
165.46
167.42
167. 24
168.22
32.8
32. 7
32.8
32.8
32.6
33. 0
33. 3
33. 2
32. 7
32. 7
32. 6
32. 6
4. 89
4. 91
4. 91
4. 95
4.95
4. 93
4. 95
4. 94
5. 06
5. 12
5. 13
5. 16
66.01
67.41
,
,
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B 2.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.
$1. 98
2. 05
2. 12
2. 19
2.25
2. 31
2. 37
2.43
2.50
2. 59
2. 71
2.88
3. 05
3.23
3. 45
3.66
3. 91
4.25
4. 67
5. 02
5. 44
5.90
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
38. 7 $ 1. 54
1.60
38.6
1.66
38.8
1. 71
38.6
1.76
38. 3
1.83
38.2
1.89
38. 1
37.9
1. 97
37. 7
2. 04
37. 1
2. 14
36.6
2.25
36. 1
2.41
35. 7
2. 56
35. 3
2. 72
35. 1
2.88
34.9
3. 05
34.6
3.23
34.2
3.48
33. 9
3.73
33.7
3.97
33. 3
4.27
32.8
4.66
$59. 60
61. 76
64.41
,
Hourly
earnings excl.
overtime
Manufacturing
$1.89
1.95
2.02
2. 09
2. 14
2.22
2. 28
2. 36
2. 46
2. 56
2. 68
2. 85
3. 04
3. 23
3.45
3. 70
3.94
4.24
4. 53
4.86
5.24
5. 68
$73. 33
7 5. 08
78. 78
80. 67
82. 60
8 5.91
88.46
91. 33
95. 45
98.82
101.84
107. 73
114.61
119.83
127. 31
136. 90
145. 39
154.76
163. 53
175. 45
188. 64
203. 34
Weekly
earnings
Mining
Transportation and
public utilities
1957
1958
1959?
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977.
1978 P
1977:
Dec
1978 :
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Ma y
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov. P
DecP
Hourly
earnings
3Prior to January 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average
p = preliminary.
hourly earnings. (See Explanatory Note.)
109
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1978F
Nov.
1977
$193.86 $195.48
MINING
$210.37
$210.
$212.40
317.80
TOTAL PRIVATE
289.08
348.29
351.
352. 59
7. 19
318.37
309.60
311.64
360.29
371.60
367.69
364.
379.
371.
7.67
7.47
7.88
$5.40
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
$5.86
$5.87
$5.90
6. 77
7.97
8. 04
8. 05
7.69
7.74
7. 95
8. 64
8.89
8.86
8.73
8.99
8.92
$5.40
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
309. 10
331.67
296.29
11, 12
12
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .
374.41
375.29
270.68
269. 10
397. 13
399.33
412.
413.
8.49
8.08
8. 51
8. 13
9.83
9.86
9.87
9.90
13
131,2
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
293.40
294.54
326.95
323.73
6. 52
6. 56
7. 17
7.21
299.21
290. 78
307.23
289. 54
336. 58
323.74
336.
318.
7.28
6.20
7. 35
6.24
8. 13
6.83
8. 10
6. 87
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS .
269.25
261.76
250. 13
302. 15
302. 10
2 98.
2 94. 51
6. 01
5.82
5.99
5.75
6. 54
6. 32
6. 54
262.48
298.19
299.27
336. 55
323.60
8.26
8.29
8.89
279.00
262.43
243.89
304.08
276.02
263.16
240. 08
298.21
300.82
284.76
259. 19
327. 57
293.
277.
253.
319.
7. 75
7.31
6. 87
8.40
7. 71
7. 31
6.84
8.33
8. 31
8.27
7.87
7. 17
8.92
286.48
271.32
294.57
287.28
262.39
298.21
350.70
348.83
352. 97
324.
301.
336.
7.66
7. 56
6.78
7. 91
8.35
7.91
8.63
8.33
314. 16
328. 19
275.22
365.02
292.56
274.92
247.62
316.48
340.86
278.56
373. 16
285.36
268.60
234.96
349.65
367. 10
312. 02
403.01
32 5.33
305.09
277.70
339.
360.
305.
400.
314.
293.
269.
8.8 0
8.8 7
8.24
9.76
8. 63
7. 90
7.69
8.89
8.97
8. 34
9.82
8.70
7. 90
7.78
9.45
9. 61
8.74
10. 55
9. 19
8.57
8. 12
9.47
9. 60
8.79
10. 53
9.2 5
8.52
8.25
14
142
6. 32
Crushed and broken stone
328.99
8.94
CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
. .
MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
7. 14
7. 94
7. 91
7.24
8.95
7. 76
8. 63
238. 10
243.31
256. 59
260. 53
265.74
5. 8 5
5.92
6.32
6. 37
6.45
258.75
265.86
279. 19
283.
290.07
6.2 5
6.33
6.76
6.81
6.89
208.03
211.47
222.78
226.
22 9.43
5.24
5.30
5.64
5.69
5. 75
208.95
2 58.00
222.77
234.36
151. 10
207. 08
196. 12
180.69
171.74
273.97
146.69
188.07
187.89
176. 14
210.80
255. 13
226. 19
238. 71
155. 74
2 11. 70
197.78
183.74
176.35
282.63
150. 15
182.57
185.65
177.80
233. 11
321. 30
243. 54
2 57.70
165. 64
224. 07
209.91
201. 17
182.96
290.90
161.20
211. 68
207. 13
188.47
228.05
287.47
240. 17
2 52. 72
166. 87
22 5.44
2 11. 62
205. 65
184. 68
292.93
162.86
207. 90
203. 52
189.81
227.48
5.2 5
6.88
5.46
5.73
3.74
5. 19
4. 94
4. 73
4.23
6, 57
3.85
4.81
4.83
4. 36
5.2 7
6.84
5.49
5.78
3.78
5.24
4. 92
4.81
4.27
6.65
3.85
4.83
4.86
4. 39
5. 77
7. 56
5. 94
6.27
4. 04
5. 63
5.41
5. 08
4. 54
7. 13
4.22
5.40
5.38
4.70
5. 73
7.39
5.93
6.24
4. 10
5. 65
5. 44
5. 18
4. 56
7. 11
4.23
5.40
5.37
4.71
5.73
177.91
164.30
154.33
172. 97
167.35
185.96
209.99
205.42
216.00
198.58
182.66
170.91
158.62
184.86
171.35
190.81
213.27
205. 13
215.60
198.00
189.29
176.46
166. 38
187. 11
174.65
196.21
212.05
211.04
230.00
205.80
189.21
176.79
168. 00
187.60
171.97
193.67
212.98
212.22
227.26
208.69
194. 57
4.47
4. 17
3.82
4. 54
4.28
4.83
5.06
5. 11
5.40
4.82
4. 51
4.22
3.85
4.61
4.36
4.88
5.09
5.09
5.39
4.95
4. 78 >
4.49
4. 17
4.81
4. 56
5.07
5.2 1
5. 16
5. 75
5.2 5
4.79
4. 51
4.20
4.86
4.49
5.07
5.22
5.24
5.71
5.27
4.84
DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members . .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
See footnotes at end of table.
110
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry —Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 ]
1978 k
35.9
36.2
35.9
35.8
42.7
43. 7
43.7
41.4
40. 0
39.2
41. 7
41.8
41.5
40.4
40. 5
Nov.
1978 f
Dec.
1978p
41.7
42.2
41.7
33.5
33. 1
Oct.
1978
43.8
4 0.3
44.4
37. 6
Dec.
1977
36.0
44.2
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
Nov.
1977
41.8
41.8
10
101
102
METAL MINING
11, 12
12
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .
44. 1
44. 1
13
131,2
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
44. 9
45. 6
44. 9
41. 1
46. 9
41.8
46.4
41.4
47.4
41.5
46.3
44.8
45. 1
43.7
43.5
46.2
47.8
45.7
46.6
Iron ores
Copper ores
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
14
142
Crushed and broken stone
36. 1
36. 1
37.9
36.4
36. 0
35. 9
35.5
36.2
35.8
36. 0
35. 1
35.8
36.2
36. 0
35.8
36. 6
35.5
35.2
35.4
35.8
37.4
38. 0
37. 1
38. 0
38.7
37.7
42. 0
44. 1
40.9
39. 0
38. 8
39.0
35. 7
37. 0
33.4
3 7.4
33. 9
34.8
32.2
35.6
38. 0
33.4
38.0
32.8
34. 0
30.2
37.0
38.2
35. 7
38.2
35.4
35.6
34.2
35.9
37.6
34. 7
38. 0
34.0
34.5
32.7
36.
CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
16
161
162
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS . .
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
MANUFACTURING
40.7
41. 1
40. 6
40.9
41.2
3.6
3. 7
3.8
3.8
3.9
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
DURABLE GOODS
41.4
42. 0
41. 3
41.6
42. 1
3.9
4.0
'4. 1
4. 1
4.3
NONDURABLE GOODS
39.7
3 9. 9
39.5
39.8
39.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
39.8
37.5
40. 8
40. 9
40.4
39.9
39.7
38.2
40. 6
41.7
38. 1
39. 1
38.9
40.4
40. 0
37.3
41.2
41. 3
41.2
40.4
40.2
38.2
41.3
42.5
39.0
37.8
38.2
40.5
40.4
42.5
41.0
41. 1
41.0
39.8
38.8
39.6
40.3
40. 8
38.2
39.2
38.5
40. 1
39.8
38.9
40.5
40.5
40. 7
39.9
38. 9
39 7
40.5
41.2
38.5
38.5
37. 9
40.3
3. 6
4.0
5.7
4.8
5.0
3.9
3.3
2.3
2.4
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.8
3.6
3.4
2.3
2.6
3.9
5.3
3. 1
2.4
1.9
3.7
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
39.8
39.4
40.4
38. 1
39.1
38.5
41.5
40.2
40. 0
41.2
40.5
40.5
41.2
40. 1
3 9.3
39.1
41. 9
40.3
40. 0
40. 0
39.6
39.3
39. 9
38.9
38.3
38. 7
40.7
40. 9
40.0
39.2
39.5
39.2
40.0
38.6
38.3
38.2
40.8
40.5
39.8
39.6
DURABLE GOODS
3.6
3.4
4.4
4.5
3.8
3.3
2.6
2. 3
4. 0
4.9
2.8
2.5
2.5
3.6
40.2
2. 9
2.8
3.4
2. 1
1.7
2.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
2.8
3.5
4.5
4.6
4.2
3.5
2.8
2.5
4. 3
5. 0
3.2
5. 0
3. 1
2. 1
2.7
2.2
3.5
2. 1
3. 1
3. 1
2.8
2.8
3.4
2.2
1.8
3.2
2.7
3.5
2,8
1.6
3.4
3.8
3.3
2.8
2. 3
3.6
2. 6
3.4
2.2
2.7
2.6
3.4
1.9
1.5
2.1
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.3
See footnotes at end of table.
111
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricuKural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earn ings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
$249.37 $249. 00
327.82 345.80
250.88 252. 10
261.39 261.79
236.34 238.36
243. 79 248.21
345. 56 342.32
198.65 199.55
195.42 198.97
256.71 247. 63
236.03 228. 11
231.63 224.35
277. 02 264. 71
247. 87 254.40
239. 78 248.40
271. 06 276. 95
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready*mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
.. . .
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
319. 19
352. 15
359.00
313.34
294. 68
306. 16
305. 14
267.07
343.48
365.44
296. 34
259. 79
358.09
279.97
247. 70
257.46
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, andNtrim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts nuts rivets and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
...
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc fabricated wire products
251. 10 257. 04
304.38 320.68
311.88 331.27
248. 53 247.38
225.50 232.39
267. 13 262.48
210.94 222.09
199.68 208. 55
208.24 220.37
235.48 239.61
244.22 248.05
184.00 189. 72
263.49 266. 85
239.99 244. 22
228, 83 230. 74
246.67 251.87
230.37 232.09
262.74 271. 83
300. 04 310. 31
329.22 350.47
362. 90 374.40
222. 73 227.27
204. 50 203.53
192.78 195.23
232.41 224. 93
236.34 248. 05
218.44 229.77
237. 31 243. 02
261.01 269. 18
207.36 210. 83
MACHINERY EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
272.61
330. 17
288.23
348. 33
279.30
284. 57
290.37
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
See footnotes at end of table.
112
325. 14
357.69
365.52
312.28
308.62
326.31
308.45
269. 19
339. 04
362. 64
295. 64
277.76
363. 10
269.21
256. 88
266.45
281.22
338.34
294. 89
354. 57
302.45
309. 94
298.78
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978p
Dec.
1978P
$274. 10 $2 74.72 $275. 14
_
357.47 372. 86
272. 83 273. 78
—
286. 71 284. 72
254, 47 259.20
276.68 279. 72
—
377.40 404.36
214.61 220.06
—
209. 22 212. 53
287.30 277. 56
263.14 258.98
245. 23 243. 49
—
324. 27 302,57
272.00 278.21
255. 19 261. 02
—
293. 26 293. 91
360. 82
412. 16
423.19
331.33
319.60
324. 28
336.20
308. 02
374.36
390.31
329. 18
301.53
399. 81
310.03
264. 16
276. 05
364. 23
266. 09 270. 10
354. 75 357.40
365.93 368. 94
249.27 251.53
237.60 240. 99
260. 89 260. 71
226.46 230.35
222. 56 227. 26
221.43 224. 53
249. 46 252.32
264. 55 271. 58
195.92 195.22
273. 78 276. 76
252.49 251. 70
241. 38 246. 65
263.34 269. 19
242. 65 247. 66
284. 89 290. 55
318. 02 326. 40
350. 65 356. 87
382. 12 396.20
237.56 239.29
211.93 212. 74
203. 52 205. 74
232.37 231.65
256. 94 257.44
231.00 233. 55
251.94 255.23
270. 17 277. 53
219.35 221.65
277.62
297. 50
351.90
316. 58
364.23
315. 18
324.21
317.90
305. 86
352. 80
400. 75
411. 18
326.70
315. 78
322.06
331.64
300.48
370. 86
397. 71
322.07
300.40
391. 19
299.34
262.26
272.33
291.48
344. 42
320.46
353.64
308.33
316. 76
316.30
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
_
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
$5.98
7.40
6.21
6.47
5. 85
5.99
8. 15
4.81
4.91
5.97
5.34
5.45
6. 58
5. 93
5. 75
6. 26
$6. 00
7.60
6.24
6.48
5.90
6.01
8. 17
4.82
5. 05
5.91
5.38
5.38
6. 52
6. 00
6.00
6. 28
$6.48
8. 18
6.72
7.01
6.33
6.51
8. 88
5.26
5.27
6. 50
5. 90
5. 77
7. 19
6.40
6.27
6. 59
$6. 51
8.36
6.76
7. 03
6.40
6.49
9. 19
5.29
5.30
6.47
5. 94
5. 77
7. 17
6.44
6.32
6. 59
$6.52
7. 71
8, 76
9. 02
7.39
6.95
7. 17
7.30
6.42 .
8. 12
8. 87
6.94
6.23
8.27
6.65
5.94
6. 13
7. 76
8. 81
9.07
7.40
7.03
7. 30
7. 14
6.44
8. 15
8.91
6.94
6,40
8,29
6.55
6.03
6. 24
8.42
9.68
9.98
7. 76
7.43
7. 56
8. 03
7.07
8. 83
9.38
7.49
6. 89
9. 14
7.06
6.35
6. 61
8.51
9. 79
10. 10
7. 87
7.52
7. 63
8.20
7.18
8. 85
9.36
7. 55
6.90
9. 17
7. 16
6.35
6.62
8. 55
6.08
7. 37
7. 57
5.96
5. 50
6.33
5.30
5. 12
5.18
5. 80
6.03
4.60
6.38
5.97
5.65
5. 71
5. 37
6. 04
7. 11
7. 82
8.42
5.38
5.00
4.76
5.56
5.85
5.53
5.76
6.07
5. 12
6. 12
7. 51
7. 74
5.89
5. 52
6.22
5.43
5. 24
5.31
5. 83
6. 05
4. 65
6.43
6.03
5. 56
5.79
5.41
6. 15
7. 15
8. 02
8.32
5.45
4.94
4.75
5.42
5.92
5. 51
5.80
6.09
5. 18
6.49
8. 25
8. 51
6. 17
5.94
6.41
5.69
5. 55
5.62
6. 19
6. 50
4.96
6.76
6.36
6.08
6. 11
5. 75
6.46
7. 59
8. 27
8.97
5.78
5.22
5.05
5.64
6.36
6.00
6. 16
6. 51
5.47
6.54
8. 37
8. 62
6. 18
5. 98
6.39
5.73
5.57
5.67
6.23
6. 56
4.98
6. 80
6.34
6. 09
6. 16
5. 80
6. 50
7. 68
8. 28
9. 15
5.78
5.24
5.08
5.65
6.42
6. 13
6. 18
6.53
5. 50
6.61
6.46
7.59
7.03
7.81
7. 00
7. 15
6.93
6. 54
7.76
7.21
7.95
7. 15
7.31
7. 03
6.94
8. 22
7.63
8.44
7.67
7. 86
7.46
7. 00
8.28
7.61
8. 51
7.65
7. 85
7.48
7. 08
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978p
Dec.
1978P
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
I ndustry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
42.2
44. 6
40. 5
40. 5
40. 5
43. 1
44. 0
41.6
40. 1
42.2
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
41. 7
44. 3
40. 4
40. 4
40. 4
40. 7
42.4
41. 3
39.8
43. 0
44. 2
42. 5
42. 1
41.8
41. 7
43. 3
41. 5
45. 5
40.4
40.4
40. 4
41. 3
41.9
41.4
39-4
41. 9
42. 4
41. 7
40.6
42. 4
41.4
44. 1
42. 3
43. 7
40.6
40. 9
40. 2
42. 5
42. 5
40.8
39.7
44. 2
44. 6
42.5
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
41.4
40.2
39.8
42.4
42. 4
42. 7
41.8
41.6
42. 3
41.2
42. 7
41. 7
43. 3
42. 1
41. 9
40.6
40. 3
42. 2
43.9
44. 7
43.2
41.8
41. 6
40. 7
41.9
41. 4
41. 2
42. 1
42. 5
42. 6
41. 3
42. 5
42. 0
42. 4
42. 6
43.4
43.8
43. 0
43.6
42.8
41. 1
41. 7
42. 0
42. 6
42. 7
42. 4
41. 3
41.2
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
41. 3
41. 3
41.2
41. 7
41. 0
42.2
39-8
39- 0
40. 2
40. 6
40. 5
40. 0
41. 3
40. 2
40. 5
43.2
42.9
43. 5
42. 2
42. 1
43. 1
41.4
40. 9
40. 5
41.8
42. 0
42. 7
42.8
42. 0
42. 1
42.2
41.
43.
43.
40.
40.
40.
40. 9
39.8
39. 8
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
41.
41.
41.
40.
41.
40.
41.
5
1
0
8
5
5
5
43. 5
42.9
44. 2
43. 4
43. 7
41. 2
43. 0
40. 5
45. 0
41. 7
41.2
41. 1
41. 5
41. 9
41. 7
41. 9
44. 2
40.7
42.2
43. 5
41. 0
44.6
39.9
39.8
41.9
43. 0
43.6
40. 9
44.6
42. 3
42. 4
42. 5
40. 4
39.5
45. 1
42. 5
40.7
44. 5
0
0
0
4
0
7
40. 1
39.4
40. 3
40. 7
39. 5
40. 5
39. 7
39. 7
43. 1
42. 2
44. 1
41.9
42.4
42.6
41. 1
40. 6
40. 3
41.2
40. 4
38.5
42. 9
43. 6
42.2
42.2
43.2
41. 3
44. 6
42.4
42. 1
41.9
42. 1
42. 5
42. 5
41. 0
42.9
42. 3
41.7
43. 6
43. 7
43.6
43. 3
41. 6
41. 7
42.6
41. 3
42. 0
42. 7
42.8
40. 7
40. 3
40. 8
40.2
40. 8
39.6
40. 5
41. 4
39.2
40. 7
39.7
40. 5
43. 7
42. 7
44. 7
42. 5
43. 1
43. 3
41. 5
40. 1
42. 0
41. 9
42. 0
41. 9
40.2
40. 3
42. 4
42. 5
42. 5
41. 6
42.8
41.2
41. 3
42. 5
4.4
6. 7
4. 1
4. 7
3. 3
3. 7
4. 0
3.8
2.4
2. 2
4. 4
5.4
5.9
4. 9
4. 2
3.8
4. 1
2.8
7. 5
4. 4
3.8
4. 0
3.8
3.2
2. 9
4.2
3. 3
4.8
2. 7
1. 7
3. 4
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.8
3. 5
2. 6
5. 1
5. 2
5. 0
4.9
5. 1
6.2
3.4
3.9
4. 0
3.8
2. 5
2. 0
3.2
4. 1
2.7
43.2
Dec.
1977
4. 6
7.2
4. 1
4. 5
3.6
3. 7
4.2
4. 3
2.8
6. 0
6. 5
5.2
6. 1
3.9
3. 5
4. 2
4. 6
5. 2
4. 0
41. 4
40. 6
40. 5
41.0
40. 1
38. 1
41. 3
42. 5
40. 3
40. 9
Nov.
1977
4.2
4. 5
4. 1
4.6
2.8
2. 9
3. 5
4. 5
2. 6
5. 3
5. 6
4. 7
5. 1
4. 3
3.8
4. 7
2. 6
4.2
6.0
6. 6
4. 9
4. 7
3. 7
4. 3
5. 1
5. 0
7. 2
4. 0
4.4
4.4
4. 0
3. 7
3. 4
3.8
4. 1
3. 7
3.4
2. 3
3. 9
3. 5
3. 4
3. 5
3.8
3. 5
2. 5
5.4
5. 3
5.4
5. 0
5. 7
5.8
3.8
4. 2
4.2
4. 3
3. 3
2. 9
3. 7
4.8
2.9
4. 7
4.8
5.2
4. 7
3. 5
3. 5
4.2
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
5. 2
5.8
4. 2
4.8
3.4
5. 6
4. 4
4. 4
2.9
7.2
7. 7
6. 0
7. 7
4.6
3. 6
5. 3
4.9
6.4
4. 1
4. 5
3. 5
6. 1
3.9
4.2
4. 3
3.6
3. 5
4. 4
4. 4
3. 6
3. 5
4.4
5. 2
5. 6
5. 1
Dec.
1978P
5. 3
5.7
5. 1
4. 7
3. 7
4. 4
3. 6
3.8
5. 6
3. 0
6.2
7. 0
5. 6
6. 0
4. 7
3. 9
4. 7
3. 9
6. 1
5. 7
5. 1
7. 1
4.8
3.8
3. 9
7. 3
5.4
3.9
4. 3
3. 9
4.2
3.8
3. 3
3. 1
3. 6
3. 1
3. 2
2.9
3. 2
3. 9
2. 7
3. 0
3. 5
2. 3
5. 7
5. 7
5.8
5. 0
5. 7
5.8
3.9
4. 3
4. 0
3. 3
2.9
3.4
3. 0
3. 5
3. 7
3. 9
3. 7
4. 6
2.9
1. 6
3. 6
3.7
3. 3
4. 4
4.2
5. 2
3.8
4. 2
4. 4
4. 1
2. 6
3. 2
4. 1
2. 6
3. 1
3. 1
2. 3
5.8
5.8
5.9
5. 2
6. 0
6.2
3. 7
3. 9
3. 7
4. 5
3. 0
1. 5
3. 6
4. 0
3. 2
4. 5
4. 3
4. 5
4.2
4. 4
4. 5
3.9
See footnotes at end of table.
113
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry —Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Nov.
1978 p
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
$7.75
6.75
6.46
5.97
6.32
6.75
6.98
6.93
7.21
6. 14
5.42
6. 19
6.49
B8.29
7.29
6.80
6. 13
6.79
7.22
7.44
7.48
7. 73
6. 52
5. 67
6. 55
6. 90
5.41
6. 64
6. 88
6. 87
6.97
7. 10
6. 18
7.38
6. 74
5.69
5. 66
6.31
6.42
6. 68
7. 61
6. 51
$8.30
7.24
6. 84
6.23
6. 77
7.31
7.47
7. 60
7. 86
6.59
5.78
6. 65
7. 03
5.49
6.79
6. 97
6. 95
7. 03
7. 18
6.26
7.43
6. 86
5. 72
5.70
6.42
6. 55
6.70
5.96
6. 01
5. 65
6.34
6. 03
6. 19
5. 65
5. 87
6.33
6. 93
5. 00
5. 56
6.01
5. 16
5. 62
4.45
5. 53
5.69
6. 83
6.99
6.71
5. 98
6.04
5. 68
6.37
6. 10
6.25
5. 74
5. 89
6.39
6. 94
5. 00
5. 59
6.00
5. 17
5. 64
4.47
5.48
5. 61
6. 85
7. 01
6. 73
5.03
6.30
5. 55
4. 68
7. 16
7.32
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
5317.95
269. 12
277.93
249.95
255.22
296.59
311.21
293.78
328. 19
261.97
221.08
256.43
266.80
2 10.63
269.24
268.36
275. 18
268.55
286.89
237.86
284.50
252.56
225.06
$324.73
274.73
290.70
253.73
267.97
305. 10
321.08
304.23
334.54
271.39
232.52
266.79
275.18
216.06
284.27
275.80
284.00
274.49
292.03
242.78
309.32
268.98
227.81
230.54
255.26
261.87
266.02
312. 18
257.30
1345.69
315.66
300.56
256.85
279.75
316.24
332.57
322.39
347.08
275. 14
230.77
271. 17
286.35
220.19
274.90
285.52
283.04
291.35
301.75
248.44
322.51
283.75
235.00
233. 19
258.08
263.86
285.24
325.71
277.98
$346. 94
3 10. 60
303.70
264. 15
279. 60
324.56
339. 14
335. 16
3 57. 63
281.39
238.71
279.30
295. 96
226.74
287.22
292.74
289. 82
295.26
3 1 1 . 61
258. 54
326. 92
289.49
241.38
240.54
260. 65
266.59
288.77
336. 93
280.36
240.78
243.41
230.52
254.87
244.22
250.70
229.39
233.63
255. 10
2 4 3 . 3 9 $249. 48
247. 64
235. 15
258.62
2 5 1 . 93
256. 88
237. 06
231.48
247.29
267. 88
203.00
226. 95
251.40
2 10.94
I 228.42
166.73
214.82
216.55
2 84.2 8
283. 91
2 84.01
205.22
266.49
230.33
190.01
294.28
306. 71
325. 19
5.55
5. 61
5. 19
5.96
5. 64
5. 81
5.23
5.49
5.80
6.44
4. 68
5.20
5.52
4. 88
5.41
4.27
5. 05
5. 16
6.38
6.47
6.30
4. 61
5. 81
5.09
4.28
6. 69
6. 86
7.49
5. 91
6. 68
4.78
5.29
5. 60
4. 91
5.40
4.30
5.2 1
5. 38
6.41
6.48
6.36
4. 69
5.97
5.25
4.34
6. 82
6. 84
7. 65
367. 00
7.57
8. 16
8.55
6.50
8.09
5.39
7. 12
7.23
7.33
6. 65
6.22
6.54
5. 02
7. 62
7. 67
8.24
8. 60
6.53
8. 21
5.48
7.20
7.28
7. 53
6. 63
6.27
6.60
5.06
7.73
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
GLECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
226.44
229.45
210.71
245.55
231.24
238.79
208. 15
220.70
237.80
245.36
189. 54
209.56
226.32
198. 13
221.81
161.83
204.53
202.27
264. 13
268.51
260. 19
185.78
248.67
208.69
169.49
282.32
305.27
313.83
233.35
238.05
214.20
258. 10
238.21
248.89
213.46
225.84
249.99
271. 88
190.24
218.48
230.16
204.26
2 18.70
161.68
210.48
214. 12
269.22
273.46
265.85
190. 88
253.73
217.35
115.71
292.58
305.06
330.48
266. 81
203.00
223.51
247.61
206.92
224.80
168.66
216.78
219. 63
280.71
278.20
281.82
201.40
263.96
226.70
185.07
292.74
313.96
3 2 1 . 18
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Shipbuilding and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
323.24
359.86
381.33
260.00
357.58
2 14.52
302.60
305. 11
309.33
288.61
245.07
257.68
198.29
309.37
337.48
379.86
400.76
272.30
380.94
224. 13
309.60
311.58
319.27
293.05
245.78
257.40
201.39
324.66
350.57
389.39
412.83
277.60
3 9 1 . 16
222.66
329.45
337.50
334.05
302.40
267. 30
283. 14
212.51
329. 11
See footnotes"at end of table.
114
227.94
245.86
253.98
260.18
309.64
250.92
355. 18
395. 60
422.55
279.05
394.26
224.62
335. 91
345.40
340.00
306.24
(*)
(*)
213.55
336.36
Nov.
1978 p
Nov.
1977
$7. 68
6.58
6.36
5.84
6.24
6. 68
6. 87
6. 88
7. 15
6.05
5.34
6. 12
6.46
5. 10
6.38
6.42
6.49
6.44
6. 58
5. 83
6.79
6. 16
5.41
5.44
5.91
5.99
6. 18
7.39
Dec.
19781
Nov.
1977
5.96
5. 12
6.52
6.52
6. 62
6.52
6. 76
5. 85
7.03
6.27
5.45
5.45
5.95
6. 02
6.23
7.26
6. 04
5. 65
5. 75
5.25
6. 16
5. 74
5. 94
5.31
5. 59
5.01
6.33
5. 57
4. 65
7. 14
7.37
7.95
8.21
8.87
9.34
6. 94
8. 81
5. 68
7.77
7.96
8. 03
7.00
6. 75
7. 15
5.38
8.29
7. 71
6. 52
$6.07
7. 99
8.26
8. 91
9.39
6.89
8. 84
5. 88
7. 83
8. 07
8. 00
7. 04
(*)
(*)
5.42
8.43
8.36
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc machinery except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
. ..
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carry ino wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
...
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
41.
39.
40.
41.
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft anfi nart*
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
42. 7
44. 1
44.6
40.0
44.2
39. 8
42. 5
42. 2
42. 2
43.4
39.4
39.4
39.5
41.4
40. 9
43. 7
42. 8
40. 9
44.4
45.3
42. 7
45. 9
43. 3
41. 4
41. 9
41.3
41. 3
42.2
41.8
42.4
41. 7
43.6
40. 8
4U9
41.0
41. 6
41. 9
42.4
42. 1
41.9
42. 1
8
9
6
2
0
1
8
2
0
38. 1
40. 5
40.3
41. 0
40. 6
41. 0
37.9
40. 5
39.2
41.4
41. 5
41. 3
40.3
42. 8
41. 0
39.6
42. 2
44. 5
41. 9
40. 6
Oct.
1978
41.9
40. 7
45. 0
42. 5
42.4
45. 2
46. 0
43.9
46.4
44. 2
42.9
43. 1
42.4
42. 2
43. 6
42.3
42. 9
42. 1
43.2
41. 5
44. 0
42.9
41. 8
42 3
42! 9
43. 5
42. 7
43. 0
42.6
41. 7
43.3
44. 2
41.9
41. 2
43. 8
44. 7
43. 1
44. 9
42. 2
40. 7
41.4
41. 5
40. 7
41.4
41. 5
41.2
41. 8
42. 5
40. 2
43! 7
42. 1
41. 3
41. 2
40. 9
41. 1
42. 7
42. 8
42. 7
41. 8
42. 9
44.4
42.4
41. 3
44. 4
45.4
44. 1
45. 5
42. 7
41.3
42. 0
42. 1
41. 3
42.3
42.0
41. 7
42.0
43.4
41. 3
44. 0
42.2
42. 2
42. 2
40. 6
40. 7
43. 1
43. 7
43. 0
41.3
41.4
40. 8
41. 9
41. 5
41. 9
40.2
40.4
42.3
40. 7
39. 8
41. 3
41. 1
41. 6
40. 5
37.6
40. 4
39. 8
42. 0
42. 2
41. 8
40. 7
42. 5
41.4
40. 5
49. 9
44. 6
43. 2
40. 4
40. 5
40. 8
40. 2
40. 5
40. 5
40. 6
39. 8
40.3
38. 5
40. 6
40.2
41. 2
40. 1
40. 0
37.9
39. 2
38. 6
41. 1
39. 8
42. 0
40.2
41. 7
40. 7
39. 8
41. 0
42.6
40.4
44. 0
46. 1
46. 6
41.7
46.4
40. 9
43. 0
42. 8
42.4
44. 2
39. 2
39. 0
39.8
42. 0
42. 7
43.9
44. 2
40.0
44.4
39.2
42. 4 ,
42.4
41. 6
43.2
39.6
39.6
39. 5
39. 7
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
—
—
—
—
—
-
3.
3.
4.
4.
3.
6.
3.
2.
5.
4.
4.
6.
—
-
2. 8
4. 3
3.9
4.4
4. 6
4.6
3. 0
3. 5
3. 7
0
1
8
8
1
2
6.4
5.2
7. 8
4. 6
3. 9
3.8
3.4
3.4
-
3. 7
3.6
4.0
—
-
4. 8
40. 7
41. 0
41.4
40.6
41. 3
41. 1
41.3
39. 3
38. 7
38. 6
40. 6
40. 6
41.9
40. 8
40. 5
37. 3
39. 2
38. 6
41. 5
40. 5
42. 2
40. 8
42.3
41. 5
40.6
41. 1
41. 9
40. 7
41. 1
2.9
2. 7
43.0
44.4
45. 0
40. 5
43.9
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
44. 6
38. 2
42.9 :
42.8
42. 5 ;
43. 5 !
(*)
(*)
39.4
39. 9
3.4
5. 0
—
-
—
—
-
—
—
—
-
7.0
6. 1
7. 8
5. 3
4. 7
4. 8
3. 8
3. 6
5. 8
4.6
4. 8
4.6
5. 8
3. 9
5.4
5. 1
3. 7
3.
3.
3.
4.
3.
5.
9
7
7
9
9
1
3. 1
3.4
2.3
2.6
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
1.
4.0
0
1
4
2
4
1
1.3
—
-
7
7
9
5
2
6
3.6
4. 0
2. 5
2. 3
1. 5
2. 7
2. 3
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
3.2
3. 8
5.9
4. 1
3. 9
5. 9
6.8
5. 9
6. 8
4. 9
3. 0
3. 3
5. 5
4. 2
3. 8
6.3
7.2
6. 7
7. 2
5. 2
3. 7
—
—
—
—
' -
3.3
4.0
4.2
3. 5
3. 0
4. 3
4.4
4. 1
5.2
4. 1
3, 5
5! 1
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.8
3.2
4. 8
3. 1
3. 4
3. 1
3.2
3.3
8
1
5
5
4.2
5.2
4. 3
3. 7
5.2
3.3
5. 1
3.3
5.2
4.0
5.3
4. 7
5.3
2.9
2.9
3. 1
3. 1
3. 0
2. 9
3. 1
3. 0
3.2
2. 5
2.3
1.6
. 8
3.4
—
-
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
2. 2
1. 5
1. 6
4.3
5.2
4.3
5.4
5.4
2. 8
3. 1
3.3
3. 0
3. 1
2. 0
2.2
1. 6
3. 3
3.4
3. 3
3.0
2.7
3. 8
2.9
3.9
5. 0
4. 7
4. 5
3. 8
3.9
—
-
5.3
6. 5
5.0
5. 5
7. 0
7.4
3. 7
7.2
2. 7
4. 6
4. 0
5.2
5.6
2. 8
2. 8
2. 8
3.6
5.6
-
2. 9
2.6
2. 3
2. 8
2. 5
1. 9
2. 7
1. 5
3. 1
3. 1
3. 0
2. 6
2. 7
3. 6
2. 3
7. 2
3.2
6. 5
2. 7
4.4
3.4
5.
5.
2.
2.
2.
3.
0
5
7
8
5
7
2. 2
3. 0
2.9
3.3
3.0
2. 3
1. 9
2.4
2. 1
3. 0
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.
3.
2.
2.
3
3
9
8
3.6
2. 7
5.9
5.9
3. 0
6.4
3. 5
4. 6
3. 7
5. 0
5.9
3.0
3. 1
2. 4
4. 4
2.2
2.4
1. 8
3. 1
2. 8
2. 1
3.6
2. 7
4. 0
7. 2
7. 9
3. 5
—
—
-
7.2
3. 1
4. 7
4.0
5.3
5.9
(*)
(*)
2.4
•
-
-
-
-
3. 6
See footnotes at end of table.
115
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
376
3761
379
3792
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
39
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
$296.94
299.02
217.49
188.86
$315.25
323.75
213.88
181.28
$335.82
331.55
223.91
196.72
346. 84
346. 80
224.87
192. 53
222.63
242.76
224.81
208.43
234.92
234.60
256.36
186.80
179.45
192.06
168.60
291.21
170.83
227.56
252.59
227.00
216.36
233.79
236.64
261.22
189.41
184.26
193.16
169.60
306.56
174.84
237.39
261.69
241. 13
224.87
254.28
249.48
271.92
201. 10
197.41
204.46
179.41
306.68
176.71
240.20
260.53
245. 14
231. 13
260. 15
250.48
280.86
201.80
193.50
207.36
185.50
307.52
178.75
$247.28
176. 12
192.98
196.88
173.32
154.3 1
142.09
164.58
186.05
149.77
13 9.43
198.69
216.46
177.51
191.70
193.66
175.85
158.50
144.08
167.38
191.32
148. 14
137.27
198.35
212.31
186.51
191.69
184.89
184.61
168.58
160.40
176.79
198.05
156. 15
144.20
213.07
222.61
188.64
197.20
191.58
187.78
168.52
160.40
176.33
201.06
155.45
140.21
217. 74
229.20
193.25
222.31
228.10
286.62
261.23
134.23
23 1.26
2 15.97
241.79
181. 16
218.51
174. 19
176.79
264.72
305.28
206.35
228.10
225.98
235.89
201.50
230.88
176.87
251.43
269.99
380.61
189.47
184.99
225.68
228.23
285.02
265.58
132. 11
234.34
216.63
246.78
184.02
224. 17
178.00
173.45
270.50
295.22
216.23
228.49
227.34
234.67
208.82
256.80
174.55
259.45
274.03
390.28
194.39
188.57
235.60
238.60
301.07
267.34
145.88
247.39
226.63
258.07
199.25
245.27
193.05
195.62
286. 18
335. 12
228.51
237.39
236.31
241.35
227.03
261.62
200.30
268.32
282.40
395.65
205. 15
193.91
239.20
243.79
309.33
272.52
146.49
250.06
225.50
263.08
195.58
255.09
186.90
177.88
284. 68
340. 82
225.85
242.35
240.24
248.00
228.97
277.55
193.44
278. 13
286.63
410.73
201.76
200.31
241.80
Nov.
1977
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
Dec.
1978P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978 p
$7.35
7.57
5.52
4.97
$7.56
7.82
5.47
4.86
$7. 72
7.97
5. 64
5.07
$7.83
8. 16
5.65
5.04
5.43
5.78
5.51
5.25
5.62
5.75
5.80
4.67
42
4.85
4.29
6.82
4.26
5.51
5.82
5.55
5.29
5.62
5.80
5.87
4.70
4.44
4.89
4.36
7.08
4.36
5.79
5.83
6. 13
5. 95
5. 61
6.05
6.20
6.34
5.02
4.78
5.2 1
4.72
7.27
4.48
$5.93
6. 10
5.91
5.58
6.04
6. 16
6. 18
4.99
4.78
5. 15
4.66
7.25
4.44
4.47
4.65
4.71
4.54
4.71
4.77
4.31
4. 16
3.98
4.27
4. 61
3. 94
3.70
5.06
5.43
4.77
4.89
4.84
4.65
4.39
4.21
4.58
4.89
4. 1
2
3. 94
5.34
5.65
4. 80
4.93
4.85
4.73
4.40
4.21
4.58
4.94
4.08
3.81
5.43
5.73
4. I
5.53
5.66
6.76
6.45
3.57
5.48
5. 13
5.61
4.73
5.24
4.67
4.58
6.03
6.40
4.81
5.76
5.75
5.81
5. 18
5.86
4.63
5.65
6.65
8.79
4. 96
4.83
5.60
5.72
6.77
6.59
3.59
5.54
5.22
5.66
4. 83
5.35
4.85
4.65
6. 1
2
6.39
4.87
5.89
6.01
7.22
6.82
3.89
5.99
5.68
6. 13
5.07
5.91
4.95
4.94
6.46
7.07
5. 98
6.03
4.29
4.
.05
.83
3.
4.22
4.56
3.89
3.65
5.03
5.48
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
208
Beverages
2082
2086
209
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
6. 11
7.33
6.83
3. 97
6.04
5. 68
6. 19
08
96
88
86
5.26
6.00
4.63
5.74
6.70
8.87
5.01
4.86
5. 17
6. 15
6. 17
6. 11
5.69
6.59
5.02
6. 14
7.06
9.65
5.22
5. 13
6.47
7. 16
5. 18
6.23
6.24
6.20
5.71
6.64
4.96
6.25
7. 13
9.71
5.20
5.23
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
226.69
279. 10
224.46
277.11
224.63
273.04
238.55
288.79
246.91
5.71
6.96
5. 80
6.98
5.99
7.46
6. 18
7.56
6.38
22
221
222
223
224
225
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
168.51
177.57
181.38
172.03
153.95
150. 11
169.33
176.73
182.23
177. 57
157.67
147.44
178. 13
190.81
195.67
184.87
162.37
155.90
180.67 182.78
194. 84
198.34
187.32
167.27
157.06
4. 12
4.31
4.36
4.29
3.82
3.81
4. 14
4.30
4.37
4.31
3.84
3.80
4.42
4.62
4.67
4.52
4.09
4. 06
4.45
4.65
4. 70
4.58
4. 13
4.09
4.48
See footnotes at end of table.
116
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978p
Dec.
1978P
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
3.3
3.0
2.3
2.0
3.3
3.0
2.3
2. 1
5.4
4.0
2.3
2.2
5.8
4.5
2. 1
1.9
2.6
3.2
2.4
1.8
3. 1
2, 1
3.8
2. 1
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.4
2.3
2.8
3.6
2. 7
2.5
3.3
2.4
4.3
2. 1
2.0
2.4
1.5
3. 7
2.3
2.9
3.7
2.5
1.6
3.7
2.0
3.5
3.2
4.3
2.4
1.8
3.5
2.4
2.8
3.5
2.6
2.2
3.7
2. 0
4. 0
2.6
3.2
2.2
1.9
3.5
2. 1
2.7
4.6
5.3
2.0
1.8
1.4
2. 1
3.3
3.0
3.2
2.6
2.9
2.5
4.0
4.6
2.3
1.8
1.3
2. 1
3.3
2. 5
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.2
2.8
2. 1
2.3
2.8
1.9
2.6
3. 1
3. 1
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.7
3.8
2. 1
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.9
2.7
2.3
2.6
2.6
4. 1
4.4
5. 1
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.8
4.2
3.1
4.3
3.3
2.9
6.4
7.8
6.3
3.6
3.8
2.8
3.7
5.5
2.7
6.5
4.2
5.9
3. 1
3.7
4. 1
4.2
5. 1
4. 0
3.0
4.2
4.4
4.5
3.0
4.8
2.6
2.8
6.3
6.7
6.8
3.6
3.8
2.8
3.7
6.1
2.3
6.6
4.0
5. 1
3.5
3.6
4. 1
4.0
5.0
3.2
3. 1
4.0
3. 9
4.2
4. 1
5.9
4. 7
3.9
6.9
8.6
6.8
3.3
3.5
2.4
3.6
5.0
3. 0
6. 1
4. 0
4.8
3.4
3.4
4.0
4. 0
4.8
3.4
3.2
3.9
3. 3
4. 3
3.4
7.2
3.4
2.4
6.3
8.2
5. 9
3.4
3. 7
2.2
3.6
5.2
2.9
6. 1
3.8
5.7
2.8
3.7
_
376
3761
379
3792
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
40.4
39.5
39.4
38.0
41.7
41.4
39. 1
37.3
43.5
41.6
39.7
38.8
44. 3
42.5
39.8
38.2
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches clocks and watchcases
41.0
42.0
40.8
39.7
41.8
40.8
44.2
40. 0
40.6
39.6
39. 3
42.7
40. 1
41.3
43.4
40.9
40. 9
41.6
40.8
44.5
40.3
41.5
39.5
38.9
43.3
40. 1
41. 0
42.9
40.8
40.3
42. 1
40.5
44. 0
40.3
41.3
39.7
38.5
42.3
39.8
41.2
42.5
41.2
41.2
43.0
40.4
44.3
40.2
40.9
39.8
39.3
42.3
39.9
41.7
39
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry precious metal
...
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39.4
41.5
41.8
40.4
38. 1
37. 1
39. 0
40.8
38. 5
38 2
39.5
39.5
39. 1
40.7
40.6
40.8
38.1
36.2
39.2
41.5
37.6
37. 1
39.2
39. 1
39. 1
39.2
38.2
39.7
38.4
38.1
38.6
40.5
37.9
36.6
39.9
39.4
39.3
40.0
39.5
39.7
38.3
38. 1
38.5
40.7
38.1
36.8
40. 1
40.0
39.6
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables . . . .
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
40.2
40.3
42.4
40.5
37.6
42.2
42. 1
43. 1
38.3
41. 7
37.3
38. 6
43. 9
47. 7
42.9
39.6
39.3
40. 6
38.9
39.4
38.2
44.5
40. 6
43.3
38.2
38.3
40.3
39. 9
42. 1
40.3
36.8
42.3
41.5
43.6
38. 1
41. 9
36.7
37.3
44.2
46.2
44.4
39.6
39.4
40.6
39.7
42.8
37.7
45.2
40.9
44.0
38.8
38.8
40.0
39.7
41.7
39.2
37.5
41.3
39.9
42. 1
39.3
41.5
39.0
39.6
44.3
47.4
44.2
38.6
38.3
39.5
39.9
39.7
39.9
43.7
40. 0
41.0
39.3
37.8
40. 0
39. 9
42.2
39.9
36.9
41.4
39.7
42.5
38.5
42.8
38.3
36.6
44.0
47.6
43.6
38.9
38.5
40.0
40. 1
41.8
39.0
44.5
40.2
42.3
38.8
38.3
40. 1
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
39.7
40. 1
38.7
39.7
37.5
36.6
38.6
38.2
38.7
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.0
1.5
1.3
2. 1
2.2
_
-
22
221
222
223
224
225
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills cotton
Weaving mills synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
40.9
41.2
41.6
40. 1
40.3
39.4
40. 9
41. 1
41.7
41.2
40.8
38.8
40.3
41.3
41.9
40.9
39.7
38.4
40. 6
41.9
42.2
40.9
40.5
38.4
40.8
3.7
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.4
2.9
3. 6
4. 1
3. 6
3.9
3.6
2.6
3.6
4. 1
4.2
4.0
3. 1
2.8
3.8
4. 7
4.5
3.8
3.0
2. 7
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
NONDURABLE GOODS
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
:
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Nov.
1977
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants cotton
Finishing plants synthetics
Floor covering mills
. . .
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers .
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and wlists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc apparel and accessories
Misc fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishing nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
...
..
Paper mills except building paper .
Paperboard mills
Misc converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
. ..
....
..
. .
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
. .
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing .
.
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commerical printing lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Industrial inorganic chemicals
.
.
Industrial inorganic chemicals
. .
.
. . .
....
. ..
nee
.
. . .
. . . .
. . . .
Plastics m a t e r i a l s a n d s y n t h e t i c s
Plastics m a t e r i a l s a n d resins
Organic fibers noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
See footnotes at end of table.
118
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
$142.91 $139.91 $153.22
141. 02 134.17 141.26
144.02 141.75 147.17
139.32 137.92 143.25
170.05 170.10 184.91
184.29 189.16 189.88
191.56 194.79 194.25
191.27 194.54 200.64
177.66 183.18 189.28
159.01 158.26 168.90
162.39 162.09 168.90
147.73 142.86 162.78
187.65 188.58 198.77
Nov.
1978P
$152.86
140. 84
147.50
144. 02
187.58
194.68
199.48
202.46
193.28
168.87
169.30
163.61
200.16
Dec.
1978P
_
_
=
_
_
_
Nov.
1978P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
$3.52
3.57
3.80
3.60
4.23
4.43
4.55
4.62
4.21
3.85
3.83
3.74
4.50
$3.56
3.54
-3.79
3.62
4.20
4.43
4.53
4.61
4.30
3.86
3.85
3.73
4.49
$3.84
3.87
4. 01
3. 75
4.51
4.70
4.82
4.87
4.55
4.16
4. 16
3. 98
4.86
Dec.
1978P
$3.86
3.88
4.03
3.78
4.52
4.76
4.83
4.95
4.58
4.18
4. 17
4. 07
4.87
3.71
4.52
3.35
3.21
3.47
3.27
3.74
3.52
3.79
4. 12
3.59
3.32
3.26
3.56
3.37
3.36
3.58
4.26
3.31
3.68
6.92
3.76
4.51
3.40
3.27
3.51
3.32
3.72
3.54
3-. 80
4.06
3.58
3.35
3.28
3.60
3.41
3.33
3.60
4.50
3.30
3.71
7.39
4.01
4.91
3.61
3.51
3.74
3.53
3.99
3.71
4. 10
4.27
3.85
3.61
3.56
3.84
3.58
3.54
3.88
4.71
3.49
4.03
7.60
4.04
4. 95
3.65
3.57
3.75
3.57
4. 00
3.73
4. 13
4.29
3.85
3.63
3.57
3.89
3.63
3.57
3.89
4. 71
3.52
4.05
7.60
$ 4. 07
6. 17
7.08
7.06
7.23
5.48
6.35
5. 13
5.30
5.52
5.70
5.77
5.25
6.24
7. 11
7.10
7.31
5.58
6.43
5.20
5.40
5.57
5.74
5.84
5.33
6.68
7.73
7.72
8. 00
5.92
6.81
5.54
5.65
6.00
6.20
6.29
5.58
6.75
7.73
7.74
8. 12
5.97
6.81
5.61
5.64
6. 07
6.26
6.38
5.69
6.81
251.56 255.46
_
242.55
_
237.68
232.07
_
222.87
_
240.37
_
213.58
_
267.93
246.79
280.13
_
262.29
198.74
332.35
6.26
6.70
5.85
5.53
5.52
5.54
5.49
6.43
6.09
6.63
5.91
4.. 79
8.. 05
6.27
6.73
5.80
5.54
5.39
5.67
5.42
6.44
6.09
6.68
5.95
4.87
7.99
6.58
6.79
5.98
5.91
5.73
6.08
5.86
6.86
6.46
7.09
6.24
5.07
8.68
6.62
6.93
6.11
5.89
5.70
6.07
5.90
6.87
6.41
7. 11
6.26
5.07
8.61
6.67
305.95
6.66
7.25
7.22
6.52
7.08
6.02
6.21
6.09
6.72
7.32
7.30
6.55
7. 13
6.08
6.22
6. 10
7.19
7.89
7.89
7.04
7.74
6.52
6.53
6.38
7.21
7.93
7.93
7. 06
7.77
6.54
6.53
6.41
7.25
145.44 $146.52
180.68
131.77
131.38
132.38
131.38
136.40
_
129.80
135.88
141.14
137.45
131.77
128.52
146.65
131.77
130.31
143.93
186.05
.
_
134.82
_
162.41
315.40
133.93
161.82
122.28
118.13
123.53
121.32
126.79
121.09
124.69
135.96
126.73
123.50
121.60
131.01
121.66
122.64
134.25
167.42
126.44
145.36
274.03
135.74 142. 76
164.16 175.29
123.08 128.88
119.68 127.76
122.85 131.65
121.51 126.73
125.74 134.06
120. 01 128.00
124.64 132.43
133.17 140.48
126.02 135.14
121.61 130.68
118.74 128.16
131.40 143.23
125.15 127.09
120.55 126.38
133.56 142.40
181.35 183.22
124.41 129.48
146.92 157.97
341.42 316.92
265.31
315.06
315.58
327.52
226.87
269.24
208.79
221.01
232.94
245.10
246.96
216.83
272.06
322.08
323.05
"336.26
234.92
284.21
212.16
231. 12
237.28
251.41
251.12
222.79
285.90
292.28
347.85 * 351.72
350.49
354.49
356.80
363.78
242.13
248.95
298.28
294.19
232.25
221.05
234.48
235.75
257.98
253.80
268.55
264.12
274.34
271.10
236.70
226.55
237.88
232.49
214.70
220.09
218.59
221.05
217.40
251.41
236.90
259.23
244.08
189.21
308.32
239.51
234.20
219.82
225.48
216.68
233.60
205.42
253.09
239.34
261.86
254.66
189.44
310.01
248.72
232.90
232.02
232.85
223.47
241.38
209.20
266.85
247.42
278.64
258.96
197.73
331.58
279.05
308.13
305.41
273.84
307.98
246.22
254.61
246.04
283.58
309.64
307.33
279.03
310.87
255.97
261.24
251.93
301.26
334.54
328.22
299.20
335.92
273.19
271.00
262.22
304.26
339.40
333.06
302.87
342.66
274.03
271.0C
262.17
296.24
_
_
-
_
_
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Industry
Nov.
1977
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
26
261, 2, 6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
43. 0
44. 5
44. 7
45.3
41.4
42. 4
40. 7
41. 7
42.2
43. 0
42. 8
41. 3
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commerical printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade service
38. 0
34. 7
36. 7
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
40. 6
39.5
37.9
38.7
40. 2
41. 6
42. 1
41.4
42. 2
41. 3
42.4
39.5
41.7
36. 1
35.8
36. 5
36.8
35. 6
37. 1
33.9
34.4
32.9
33. 0
35.3
37. 2
37. 3
36.8
36. 1
36.5
37.5
39. 3
38.2
39.5
39.6
39.8
39. 6
39.9
39.6
39. 1
38. 9
39. 1
41. 3
39.5
38.3
41. 9
42.5
42. 3
42.0
43. 5
40.9
41. 0
40.4
Dec.
1977
39.3
37.9
37.4
1
5
7
0
2
6
0
1
3
0
38.
40.
42.
43.
42.
42.
41.
42.
38.
42.
36. 1
36.4
36.2
36. 6
35. 0
36. 6
33.8
33.9
32.8
32. 8
35.2
36. 3
36.2
36. 5
36.7
36. 2
37. 1
40. 3
37. 7
Oct.
1978
39.9
36. 5
36. 7
38.2
0
4
3
2
6
6
6
9
9
41.
40.
40.
41.
41.
40.
40.
40.
40.
35. 6
35. 7
35. 7
36.4
35. 2
35.9
33. 6
34. 5
32. 3
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
19781
1.5
.8
1.2
1. 2
1. 2
1. 1
1. 3
1. 1
1.2
1. 3
1.5
1. 5
1. 5
1. 3
1. 5
2. 0
1.9
2.6
2. 2
2. 7
2.9
1. 3
.9
1. 0
1. 0
1. 0
.8
1. 2
1. 0
1. 2
1. 3
1. 1
0
0
1
4
9
4
2. 5
4. 3
1.4
1.0
1. 0
1. 1
. 7
.9
1. 2
1. 0
1.2
9
4
3
3
1
2
8
7
2.8
1.7
2. 6
5. 1
1.4
.9
1. 0
1. 1
.7
1. 1
1. 2
1. 2
1.2
.8
1.4
1. 1
1. 1
1. 1
1.4
1. 6
1. 7
2.8
2. 2
2.8
4.6
38.9
4.9
6.5
6.5
6.9
3. 7
5. 1
2. 8
3.9
3.9
4. 1
4. 5
2. 7
5.2
6.6
6.6
7. 6
4.0
5. 8
3. 0
4. 6
4. 0
4. 5
4. 5
3. 0
5. 3
6.9
7. 0
7.4
4. 0
5.8
3.4
3.8
4. 5
4.9
5.2
3. 1
5.3
6.9
7. 1
7. 5
4. 1
5.5
38.3
3.0
2. 1
3. 0
3. 6
3. 0
4. 1
2.9
3. 5
3.2
3.7
3.9
2.4
3. 1
3.2
2. 1
3.4
4.2
3. 3
5. 0
2. 1
3.8
3. 3
4. 1
4.9
2. 3
3.2
3. 3
2. 2
3.6
3.9
2. 1
5. 6
2. 5
3.9
3.2
4.2
3.9
2. 5
3.9
3.2
2. 3
3.0
3. 7
2. 1
5.2
2.4
3. 7
2.9
4. 1
4. 0
2.4
3.4
42. 2
3.2
3.6
3. 3
3.0
4. 5
2.0
2.9
2. 7
3.4
3. 7
3. 3
3. 2
4.4
2.4
3. 0
2.9
3. 7
4. 0
3.4
3.5
4.9
Z.Z
2.9
2.9
3. 6
4. 0
3.3
3. 6v
5. 0
2. 2
3. 0
2.9
36.3
36.5
37.0
39.5
37. 1
39.2
41.7
38. 3
40. 1
41. 5
43. 6
45. 3
45. 5
46. 0
42. 1
44. 2
40. 8
42. 8
42. 6
43.8
43. 0
41. 8
42. 8
45. 0
43.3
45.5
45.8
44. 8
41.7
43. 8
41.4
41.8
42. 5
38.2
34. 8
37.9
40. 7
40. 2
41. 2
37. 9
39. 3
39. 3
37.8
38.0
34. 3
36.0
35. 7
36. 3
36.0
37. 7
35.5
35. 0
38. 9
39. 6
46.2
39.2
42.8
45.4
44. 6
40. 9
43.2
39.
41.
42.
42.
43.
40.
9
5
3
6
1
6
38.8
39.4
39. 0
39.7
35.7
43. 0
41. 6
39.4
39. 1
39. 6
36.2
39. 0
38.3
39.3
38.5
39.4
41.9
39.2
38. 9
38.8
41. 5
39.0
38.2
2
3
1
6
6
1
0
3
41.9
42.4
41.6
42. 5
43.4
41.9
41. 5
41. 1
42.
42.
42.
42.
43.
42.
42.
41.
43. 5
42.9
38. 9
38. 6
42.2
42.8
42. 0
42. 9
44. 1
41. 9
41.5
40. 9
Dec
1978 *
2.9
2. 1
1.9
2. 2
4. 6
4. 0
4. 0
4. 7
4. 6
3.4
3. 6
3.5
3. 7
34.8
32.9
32.9
35. 7
36. 7
Nov.
1978 1
3. 1
2. 3
1.9
2. 1
4. 6
3. 7
3.8
4.2
4.3
3. 7
3.8
3. 7
4. 2
40. 6
40. 2
41. 1
32.9
Oct.
1978
2. 7
1. 7
2. 2
2.2
3.5
4. 6
5. 1
4.4
5. 0
3. 7
4.2
2.8
3.8
42.2
40.4
35. 1
36.2
36. 0
37. 3
Dec.
1977
3.4
2. 7
2.5
2. 1
3.5
4.5
5.4
4.4
4. 3
3.9
4.4
3. 1
4. 1
39. 6
36.3
36.6
38. 1
41.5
40.9
41.3
40. 9
36. 0
36.5
36. 1
36.8
35. 3
36.8
34. 1
Nov.
1977
4. 3
4. 4
4. 8
3.4
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
284
2841
2842, 3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Nov.
1977
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation,and finishing preparations .
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978 P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
$260.35 $261. 58
349.80 353.22
228.42 229.80
2 10.00 2 10. 79
247.61 252.34
324.19 334. 19
307.55 3 15.92
$271. 62
378.44
245.43
212.42
264.27
359.54
322.63
$275.95
376.28
244.42
2 18.23
268. 51
365.04
329.30
$6.35
8. 06
5.64
5.33
6.01
7. 61
7.07
$6.38
8. 12
5.66
5.35
6. 11
7.79
7.33
$6.74
8.66
6.09
5.59
6.43
8.44
7.70
329. 94
268.60
262.06
340.26
272.84
266.07
372.36
300.61
280. 06
378.01
300.33
282. 66
7. 80
6.38
6.21
7. 95
6.45
6.29
8. 70
7. 04
6. 70
Dec.
1978 p
8.71
7.05
6.73
$6.78
8. 69
6.08
5. 61
6.47
8.45
7.73
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
340.92
367.65
268.62
348.00
371.95
277.86
384.08
407.09
333.20
3 84. 12 $3 88. 07
411. 65
3 13.72
7.91
8. 55
6. 05
8.00
8. 61
6.08
8. 67
9.38
6. 87
8.73
9.42
6. 82
8. 86
30
301
302
303,4
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
215.78
313.54
141.31
218.48
3 14.08
142.72
233.76
362.37
148.61
236. 55
372.22
150. 93
244.76
5.25
7.36
3. 68
5.29
7.39
3. 65
5. 66
8. 18
3.84
5.70
8.2 9
3. 87
5. 80
277. 10
205.41
196.32
223.31
209.99
199.26
238.71
221.40
210. 12
245.53
221.40
2 10. 94
5.42
5.01
4.80
5.46
5.06
4. 86
5.78
5.40
5. 15
5. 86
5.40
5. 17
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
138.37
199.79
132.77
141.66
122.82
138.70
132.30
138.01
200.29
132.79
142.43
123.84
127.97
130. 50
146. 17
202.93
139. 85
148.97
132. 10
156.46
138.73
147. 66
205.27
140. 91
148. 14
135. 66
160.76
145. 54
148.40
3.
4..
3..
3..
3..
3.
3.
68
97
55
67
45
80
50
3. 69
4. 97
3.56
3.69
3.44
3.72
3.48
3. 94
4.00
3.69
4.24
3.78
3. 98
5.21
3. 85
3. 94
3. 80
4.31
3.81
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
291.45
293.06
309.57
309.20
3 12.76
7.25
7.29
7.72
7. 73
7.78
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads 2 . . .'". !
337.57
330.81
357.21
(*)
7. 62
7. 64
8. 10
(*)
411
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
177. 14
263.74
270.82
180.58
272.90
263.77
196.31
289.95
3 12.42
196. 18
286. 86
313.01
5.21
6.48
7.44
5.28
6. 64
7.43
5.74
6.97
8.20
5. 67
6. 83
8. 13
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
294.19
301.38
207.90
304.79 320.76
311.74 328.45
211. 60 218. 12
318.39
324.81
225. 10
7.30
7.46
5.25
7.38
7.53
5.29
7.92
8.09
5.55
7. 94
8. 10
5. 67
46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
337.43
348. 19 368.40
376. 74
8.23
8.31
8.92
8. 97
48
481
4817
4818
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4
Radio and television broadcasting
289.98
301.84
231.25
413.52
234.32
285.68
295.07
222. 12
404.50
240.41
302.91
3 13.98
222.33
426.82
256.36
301.36
3 11.24
220.38
424.65
257.26
7. 16
7.38
6.25
8.97
6. 15
7. 16
7. 34
6. 17
8. 89
6.36
7.63
7.83
6.52
9.57
6.80
7. 61
7. 82
6. 52
9. 50
6.77
49
491
492
493
495
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
305.24
306.29
279.48
341.51
251.39
308.28
312.80
281.26
341.90
256.22
326.51
327. 76
302.91
365.43
269.03
329. 80
333.80
299.80
370.44
262. 89
7.32
7.31
6. 85
8. 17
7.83
7.86
7.37
8. 68
6.33
7. 89
7. 91
7.33
8. 82
6.35
144. 10
146.29
156.3 1
156.48
4.38
4.78
4. 80
4.79
218.79
236.34
5. 61
6.06
6.08
6. 13
222.39
205.27
190.88
22 1.82
229.46
239.55
217.32
206.72
243.97
230.49
5. 63
5.21
6.08
5. 63
5. 44
6. 13
6. 13
6.08
5. 66
5.48
6. 15
6. 14
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
4011
41
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
5. 86
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50,51
50
501
502
503
504
WHOLESALE TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
See footnotes at end of table.
120
215.34
218.51
198.39
185.37
221.20
220.96
158.07
4.3 8
236. 51
239. 55
219. 61
209.34
244. 16
231.48
239. 68
5. '35
5. 56
5. 10
4. 93
5. 60
5. 83
5.96
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultura! payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
284
2841
2842, 3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289
Industry
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978
41.0
43.4
40.5
3 9.4
41.2
42.6
43.5
41.0
43.5
40.6
39.4
41.3
42.9
43. 1
40.3
43.7
40.3
3 8.0
41. 1
42.6
41. 9
42.3
42. 1
42.2
42.8
42.3
42.3
43. 1
43.0
44.4
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
Dec.
1977
Nov.
1978P
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
40.7
43.3
40.2
38.9
41.5
43.2
42.6
3.0
4.7
2. 5
1.9
2. 9
3.3
4.2
3. 1
4.8
2.8
1.9
2.9
3.8
4.3
3.3
5.4
3.5
1. 8
3.4
3.9
3. 9
3. 0
4. 9
2.9
1.7
3.2
3. 8
4. 0
42.8
42.7
41. 8
42.0
3. 0
4. 5
3.4
3. 6
4. 6
3.4
3.9
5.4
3.8
3.7
4.8
3.7
43.5
43.2
45.7
44.3
43.4
48. 5
44. 0
43.7
46. 0
43.8
4. 1
3. 7
5.7
4. 1
3. 7
6.2
4.8
3. 7
8. 9
4.4
3.7
6. 9
42.2
3. 5
4.2
1. 9
3. 5
4.4
2.4
4. 0
6. 1
2.3
3. 8
5. 8
2. 1
4.3
3. 1
3. 5
4.0
3.2
3.4
4.4
3. 6
3.6
4.7
3. 5
3.5
2.0
3.4
1. 8
2. 0
1.3
1.9
2. 1
1.9
3. 1
1. 8
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.8
1.7
2. 8
1.4
1.3
1. 6
2.0
2.3
1. 6
2. 8
1.2
1. 1
1.4
2. 1
2. 6
Dec.
1978p
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
30
301
302
303,4
41. 1
42.6
38.4
41.3
42.5
39. 1
41.3
44.3
38.7
41. 5
44. 9
3 9. 0
306
307
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
41. 9
41.0
40.9
40. 9
41.5
41.0
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.9
41.0
40.8
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
37.6
40.2
37.4
3 8. 6
35.6
36.5
37. 8
37.4
40.3
37.3
38.6
36.0
34.4
37.5
37. 1
39. 1
36.9
38. 1
35.8
36.9
36.7
37. 1
39.4
36.6
37. 6
35.7
37.3
38.2
37. 1
40.2
40.2
40. 1
40. 0
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 p
Dec.
1978 p
40.2
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
4011
Class I railroads 2 . . * . * .
,
44.3
43.3
44. 1
411
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
34.0
40.7
36.4
34.2
41. 1
35. 5
34.2
41. 6
38. 1
34.6
42. 0
38.5
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
40.3
40.4
3 9.6
41.3
41.4
40.0
40.5
40. 6
39.3
40. 1
40. 1
39.7
46
PIPE LJNES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
41. 0
41. 9
41.3
42.0
48
481
4817
4818
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees
Line construction employees 4
Radio and television broadcasting
40. 5
40. 9
37.0
46. 1
3 8. 1
3 9.9
40.2
36.0
45.5
37.8
39.7
40. 1
34. 1
44. 6
37.7
39.6
39.8
33.8
44.7
38.0
49
491
492
493
495
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
41.7
41. 9
40. 8
41. 8
42.9
42.0
42.5
41.0
41.9
43.5
41.7
41.7
41. 1
42. 1
42.5
41.8
42.2
40. 9
42.0
41.4
41
3
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50,51
50
501
502
503
504
32.9
33.4
32.7
32.6
33.0
WHOLESALE TRADE
3 8.8
3 9.0
39.0
38.9
39. 1
39.3
38.9
37.6
39.5
37.9
39.5
39.4
38. 1
39.4
38.5
3 9.4
38.6
38.0
39.8
37.6
39.4
38.8
38.2
39.7
37.7
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
See footnotes at end of table.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Nov.
1977
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS . . .
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
RETAIL TRADE
Dec.
1977
£254.40 $256.48
221.55 230.08
210.06 211.62
230.62 233.42
184.42 187.79
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
$272.55
243.04
222. 53
254.87
202.01
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
274.91
240. 17
220. 99
254.23
205. 67
$6.36
5. 71
5.40
5.78
^6.38
5. 81
5.44
5. 85
4. 84
Dec.
1978P
4. 79
210.31
233.68
219.82
182. 16
215.81
237.93
248.22
248. 16
175. 10
213.71
235.69
223.29
183.32
219.82
243.57
252.49
258.70
176.78
230. 95
265.35
238. 13
203.69
232.86
271.55
2 84.40
262.22
190.96
232.64
266.45
238.08
207. 75
235.78
267. 53
288.29
273.33
190. 12
5. 52
6.35
5. 68
5.06
5. 62
6. 18
6.30
6. 60
4. 62
122.53
124.58
13 1. 82 131.58 $133.42
166.50
185.72
129. 18
166.50
185.50
132.85
181. 54
201. 60
136.46
118. 90
123. 83
97.41
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
$6. 90
6.20
5.78
6.34
5.22
H. 89
6. 19
5. 77
6.34
5.22
6.3 1
6.36
6.79
4. 64
6.03
7.31
6.25
5.55
6.08
6. 84
7.20
7.03
4. 96
6.79
7.28
7.25
4.99
3. 94
3.93
4.28
4.30
181.71
202.29
136. 96
4.44
4. 69
3. 67
4.44
4.72
3. 67
4.79
5. 04
3. 99
4.82
5.07
4. 04
117.50
122. 11
3. 75
3.91
2. 99
2.97
68
83
99
96
4. 10
4.27
3.43
3.24
4. 08
4.24
3.41
3.20
96
12
Dec.
1978 p
5.42
5.58
4.04
5.58
6.37
6.09
7.28
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
109.88
114.95
84.92
89.40
115. 18
120.26
91.79
92.65
94.2 8
95.50
94. 72
54
541
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
158.72
165.38
107.53
159.71
165.89
110.70
169.69
176. 96
116.51
172.36
179. 68
117.56
4. 96
5. 12
3. 67
3.69
5.37
5. 53
3. 99
55
551, 2
553
554
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
171.75
212.46
172.60
119.71
173.50
212.62
176.35
122. 15
187.62
231.39
183.56
130. 59
188.00
23 1. 17
184.50
13 1. 67
4.58
5.49
4.09
3.48
4. 59
5.48
4. 13
3. 51
4.99
6.01
4.51
3.71
5.00
6. 02
4.50
3.73
56
561
562
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys'clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
104.02
128.79
112.
140.
97.
109.
124.
99
51
65
56
68
110. 87
13 9. 00
95.63
106. 86
12 1. 80
3.55
4.05
3.25
3.30
3. 90
3. 54
4.07
3.26
3.29
3.93
3.83
4.31
114.27
110.45
137. 16
99. 10
101. 99
120.26
50
64
4.27
3.81
4.29
3.49
3. 61
4.20
571
572
573
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
158. 10
165. 90
173.26
128.54
167.61
173.88
172.89
148.01
172.48
175. 90
185. 13
155. 67
173. 68
179.01
188.27
150. 77
4. 53
4. 74
4.67
3. 86
4. 63
4.83
4. 66
4. 10
4. 90
4. 92
5. 04
5. 10
4.41
5. 10
5. 13
4.32
87.25
3.01
3.27
3.28
4. 19
3.93
4.20
3.94
3. 87
3. 82
3. 86
3. 65
3. 56
4.36
5.29
3.76
4. 63
4. 67
5. 02
5.03
4.00
3.91
4. 02
3. 93
4.28
4.20
4.29
4.21
4. 19
4.03
4.06
4. 50
4.34
4.40
4. 50
4.30
4.43
5.02
5.08
4. 77
5.06
5.32
5.32
5.-04
5.43
5.38
5.36
5. 16
5.48
4.29
,
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES5
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
591
594
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE6
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
92.30
95.37
81.35
81.87
88.29
125.00
111.81
110.72
152.06
206.52
123.00
129.31
114.98
118. 19
155.22
222.71
123.70
133. 66
120.26
12 1.37
164.22
216. 61
13 1. 88
168.53
169.99
183.73
182.59
146.00
142.72
146.73
143.45
156. 65
153.72
155. 73
152. 82
133.56
120. 96
118.04
163.68
22 1.43
132.72
61
612
614
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
152.99
146.25
148.27
153.35
145.89
149.41
166.05
157. 98
162.80
163. 80
153.51
162.58
63
631
632
633
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
185. 13
186.48
179.55
185.61
186.74
187.45
180.78
187.73
198.97
196.3 1
191. 52
202. 54
199.60
197.25
195.56
202.76
See footnotes at end of table.
122
183.32
, 18
, 04
04
4.99
5. 04
4.75
5.03
3. 89
4. 83
5.54
4.20
4. 80
5.62
4.20
5. 05
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry —Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
40.0
38.8
38.9
39.9
38.5
40.2
39.6
38.9
3 9.9
38.8
39.5
39.2
38.5
40.2
38.7
3 8. 1
36.8
38.7
36.0
38.4
38.5
39.4
37.6
37.9
38.3
37.0
38.9
3 6.3
38.7
38.6
3 9.7
3 8. 1
38. 1
38,3
36.3
38. 1
3 6.7
38.3
39.7
39.5
37.3
38.5
31.7
30.8
30. 6
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
37.5
39.6
35.2
37. 5
39.3
36.2
37.9
40.0
34.2
37.7
39.9
33.9
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
'
Misc. general merchandise stores
29.3
29.4
28.4
30. 1
31.3
31.4
30.7
3 1.3
29.0
2 9.0
28.4
29. 1
28. 8
28. 8
28.3
29.6
54
541
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
32.0
32.3
29.3
32.2
32.4
30.0
3 1.6
32.0
29.2
3 1. 8
32.2
29. 1
55
551, 2
553
554
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
37.5
3 8.7
42.2
34.4
37.8
3 8.8
42.7
34. 8
37.6
38.5
40.7
35.2
37. 6
38.4
41.0
35.3
56
561
562
565
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
2 9.3
3 1.8
28.4
28.9
29.3
31.2
33.7
30.4
31.0
30.6
2 9.5
32.6
27.9
30. 1
29.2
29. 1
32.4
27.4
29.6
29. 0
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
34.9
35.0
37. 1
33.3
36.2
3 6. 0
37. 1
36. 1
35.2
34.9
36.3
35.3
35.3
35. 1
36.7
34. 9
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES '
27.3
27.2
27.0
26. 6
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
32.3
30.3
3 1. 1
35.2
40. 1
32.2
33.5
3 1. 5
33.2
35.6
42. 1
32.9
3 1.9
30.6
31.2
34.0
39. 1
31.4
Nov.
1978 P
38.2
36. 6
38.4
3 6. 9
38.4
3 9.4
3 9. 6
37. 7
3 1. 1
Dec.
1977
3 9. 9
38.8
38.3
40. 1
39.4
31. 8
30. 7
30. 5
34. 1
39.4
3 1. 6
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
RETAIL TRADE
566
571
572
573
59
591
594
596
598
599
.,
Shoe stores
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE 6
60
602
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings ar,d loan associations
Personal credit institutions
63
631
632
633
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
36.4
..
Dec.
19781
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978
Dec.
1978 P
38. 1
36.4
36.6
36.3
36.5
36.5
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612
614
Nov.
1978p
36.5
36.5
3 6.6
3 6.6
36.3
36.3
36.6
36.2
36.7
36.6
36.2
36.8
36.9
36.4
37.0
36.4
35. 7
36.7
37. 1
37.0
37.8
36.9
37.2
36.9
37.9
37. 1
37.4
36.9
38.0
37.3
3 1. 1
37. 1
36.3
36. 8
37.9
37.0
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry — Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
SERVICES
.
Oct.
1978
$157.26
. .
Dec.
1977
$158.40
$167.42
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978?
$167. 24 $168.22
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
$4.78
$4.80
$5. 12
$5. 13
3.40
Dec.
1978P
3.48
3.69
3.72
3.51
3.79
3.54
3.72
3.80
3.78
3. 84
3.83
-
4. 88
6.77
4.24
5.44
4. 90
6.81
4.20
5.49
5.22
7.28
4.59
6. 04
5.22
7. 17
4.53
5.94
_
_
-
4.72
5. 13
4.78
5. 18
5.08
5.51
5. 13
5.58
-
Oct.
1978
Nov. P
1978
$5. 16
701
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
104.38
105. 10
116.24
114.20
721
723
PERSONAL SERVICES.
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
121.45
121.28
122.48
121.27
131.86
119-45
132.86
120. 65
73
731
734
737
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
160.06 162.68
245.07 247.20
119. 14 118.44
199.65 202.58
170.69
259. 17
124.85
219.25
170. 17
259.55
124. 12
2 15. 62
75
753
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
176.06
201.61
178.29
205.65
188.47
212. 14
189.30
215. 95
-
76
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
230.84
236.70
251.54
2 54.82
-
5.80
5.83
6. 15
6.20
-
78
781
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
179.76
321.86
179.47
311.71
208.03
401. 94
200.44
376.09
-
6.22
8.77
6.21
8.54
7.51
10. 69
7.21
10. 11
-
79
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
138. 15
137.86
148. 15
148.35
-
4.50
4.52
4.81
4. 88
-
80
801
802
805
806
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
147. 93
155.57
132.31
102.28
161.90
148.91
157.74
134.21
103.56
162.10
161.53
168.81
138.36
113.20
176.64
161.70
170. 01
136.59
113. 15
177. 14
4.51
4.70
4.61
3.31
4.79
4.54
4.78
4. 66
3.33
4.81
4.88
5. 10
4.69
3.64
5. 18
4. 90
5.09
4.71
3.65
5.21
81
LEGAL SERVICES
203 65
205 7 1 2 18 32
2 17 90
5 92
5 98
6 44
6 39
89
891
893
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
264.65
287. 17
226.42
266.81
288.75
227.02
281.96
301.84
245.05
280.42
302.64
239. 14
6.91
7.27
5. 99
6.93
7.31
5. 99
7.42
7.84
6.50
7.36
7.78
6.36
. ..
..
1
For coverage of series, „see footnote ., table B-2.
1,
_
_
a
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more
3
Data relate
service assistants;
up 20 percent of
earnings data.
Data relate
to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators;
operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1977, such employees made
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and
to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft
124
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
arsons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and
laborers. In 1977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
•
5
Money payments only; tips, not included.
6
Data for nonoffice sales agent:; excluded from all series in this division.
* Notavailbale.
p= preliminary.
" Data for class I Railroads (SIC 4011) are: August 1978—$342,27. $7.64 and 44.8. Septembei
1978—$324.41, $8.01 and 40.5.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
33. 0
32. 7
32. 6
30.2
31. 5
34.6
32.6
34. 7
31.6
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978P
Dec.
1978P
30.7
34. 6
32.0
Nov.
1977
32.6
30.7
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
Oct.
1978
32. 9
SERVICES
Dec.
1977
34.6
31. 5
721
723
PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
73
731
734
737
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
32. 8
36.2
28. 1
36.7
33.2
36.3
28.2
36.9
32. 7
35.6
27.2
36.3
32.6
36.2
27.4
36.3
75
753
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES
37.3
39.3
37.3
39.7
37. 1
38.5
36.9
38.7
39. 8
40. 6
40.9
41. 1
28.9
36. 7
28.9
36. 5
27.7
37.6
27. 8
37.2
30. 7
30. 5
30. 8
30.4
32. 8
33. 1
28. 7
30. 9
33.8
32. 8
33.0
28.8
31. 1
33. 7
33. 1
33. 1
29.5
31. 1
34. 1
33.0
33.4
29.0
31.0
34. 0
34.4
34. 4
33.9
34. 1
38.3
39. 5
37. 8
38. 5
39. 5
37.9
38. 0
38.5
37. 7
38. 1
38. 9
37.6
...
Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
80
801
802
805
806
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
....
125
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands-includes both sucx3rvisory and nonsupervisory employees]
1977
Oct.
Nov.
1978
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
Mar.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Executive Branch
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
2, 662.5 2, 664.3 2, 673. 1 2, 659. 5
39.4
40. 0
39.6
39. 8
1.2
1.2
1. 6
1. 1
226. 9
224. 6
225. 9
225. 9
230. 5
227. 0
229.0
227. 8
2, 668.2 2 , 6 7 2 . 9 2, 686. 7
39.6
3 9. 9
3 9. 9
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
230.2
227.3
227.4
226.2
2 , 7 0 2 . 9 2 , 7 4 7 . 5 2 , 7 6 0 . 3 2, 738. 5
39.5
39.6
39.7
39. 8
1.2
1. 1
1.2
1. 1
2, 691. 9 2, 694. 5
39. 9
39- 5
1 3
1 3
226. 5
225.4
226. 0
225.4
226. 5
225.4
227. 7
225.4
226. 8
225. 1
230. 0
229- 5
242. 0
238. 9
Department of Defense
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
907. 8
39. 9
. 9
909. 8
39. 8
. 9
907.7
40. 0
. 8
906.4
39. 9
. 7
906. 0
40. 1
. 8
905. 6
40.0
.9
905.4
40. 1
. 9
911.3
40.0
. 9
924. 8
40. 0
1. 0
927. 1
40. 1
.9
918. 6
40. 1
1. 0
905. 4
39. 7
1. 2
905. 8
39. 9
1. 0
217.4
219, 6
220. 9
223. 7
220.4
222. 1
221. 8
224.0
222.3
223.4
22 1. 5
223.2
222. 1
223.2
222. 0
223.7
221. 5
223.2
220.4
221. 5
221.2
222. 3
223. 3
226. 7
2 32. 5
234. 9
Postal Service
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
649.2
41.2
2. 0
650.2
39. 8
1. 5
668.2
41. 8
3. 5
645. 6
41. 1
2. 5
646. 9
41. 5
2. 1
647. 6
40.4
1.7
647. 9
40. 1
1. 5
648.3
39.9
1. 5
648. 3
40. 0
1. 6
647. 5
40.2
1. 8
649. 0
39.9
1. 5
6 51. 9
39- 7
1 8
646. 9
41. 5
2 3
259. 0
242. 7
2 53. 4
245. 7
271. 7
250. 9
253. 9
249. 9
266. 5
247. 9
258.5
247.0
256.2
246. 6
254. 3
246.0
2 59.7
2 50. 6
261. 9
251. 5
260.3
251. 8
259. 3
2 52. 1
278. 7
259- 5
Other Agencies
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
1, 105. 5 1, 104.3 1, 097.2 1, 107. 5
38. 8
38. 8
38. 5
38. 9
1. 1
1. 1
1. 0
. 9
2 16. 6
216. 6
215. 4
2 14. 9
216. 1
2 16. 1
216. 6
2 18.3
1, 115.3 1, 119.7 1, 133.4
38.8
38. 9
3 8. 9
1.0
1.0
1.0
217. 6
217. 1
NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data
collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from agencies with 2500 or more employees in the
Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid
wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both super-
215. 1
215. 1
214. 1
213. 6
1, 143.3 1, 174.4 1, 185. 7 1, 170. 9
38. 8
39.0
39.3
39.3
1.0
1. 0
1. 1
1. 2
213.4
213.4
2 12. 0
210. 9
214. 6
211. 9
213.4
2 10. 6 .
1. 134. 6 1 141.8
39. 1
39- 0
1. 2
1. 1
218. 3
216. 6
229. 1
228.0 .
visory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate
only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all
workers in the Executive Branch regardless o1 the size of the agency.
C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime '
Major industry group
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
$5. 60
$5. 67
$6. 04
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
5. 97
5. 03
4. 32
5. 67
7. 37
5.8]
6. 15
5. 36
7. 13
5.26
4. 32
6. 04
5. 04
4. 35
5. 70
7. 40
5.84
6.20
5. 44
7. 26
5. 33
4. 40
6.
5.
4.
6.
8.
6.
6.
5.
7.
5.
4.
44
49
61
11
01
19
60
75
71
59
60
6. 49
5.47
4. 64
6. 16
8. 09
6.24
6. 64
5. 76
7. 75
5. 64
4. 65
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products
5. 03
5.25
5. 51
3.94
3. 63
5.84
(2)
6.41
7. 56
5. 03
3.59
5. 09
5. 33
5. 61
3.96
3. 70
5.89
(2)
6. 46
7. 63
5. 08
3. 60
5.41
5. 61
5.87
4.23
3. 94
6.29
(2)
6.89
8.23
5. 40
3.85
5.46
5. 69
6. 02
4.2 5
3. 95
6. 36
(2)
6.92
8. 32
5.45
3. 90
Nov.
1977
MANUFACTURING
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
Not available*as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data
for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect.
2
126
p=preliminary.
1978H
£6.09
$6. 16
6. 56
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division in current and 1967 dollars
Spendable average weekly earnings2
Gross average weekly earnings
Worker with no dependents
Industry
Nov.
1977
TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars . . .
1967 dollars
$193.86
104. 56
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
$210. 37 $210.
104.82
104.
15
14
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978
$ 1 6 0 . 2 1 $170. 19
84. 80
86.41
Nov.
1978 P
Married worker with 3 dependents
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978
$170. 03 $176. 53 $185. 71
95. 22
84.26
92. 53
Nov.
1978 P
$185. 55
9 1 . 95
MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
317. 80
171.41
348.29
173. 54
351. 35
174. 11
242.55
130. 83
262. 51
130. 80
264. 62
131. 13
268. 02
144. 56
288.08
143. 54
290. 42
143. 9-1
CONSTRUCTION:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
298. 19
160. 84
336. 55
167. 69
323.60
160. 36
229.
123.
254. 64
126.88
246. 44
122. 12
254. 33
137. 18
279.
139.
15
09
269.
133.
83
71
MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars .
1967 dollars
238. 10
128. 43
256. 59
12 7.85
260. 53
129. 10
190. 93
102. 98
202.
100.
30
80
204.93
101. 55
209. 76
113. 14
220.42
109. 83
223.
110.
45
73
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
291.45
157.20
309. 57
154.2 5
309.20
153.22
225. 35
121. 55
237.33
118. 25
237. 09
117.49
249.59
134.62
259. 74
129.42
2 59. 4 7
128. 58
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
144. 10
77. 72
156. 31
77.88
156.48
77. 54
123.27
66. 49
130.82
65. 18
130. 95
64. 89
135.67
73. 18
144. 18
71.84
144. 31
7 1 . 51
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
168. 53
90. 90
183.73
9 1 . 54
182. 59
90.48
141. 76
76.46
151. 02
7 5.25
150. 20
74. 43
156. 54
84.43
165. 50
82. 46
164. 62
8 1 . 58
SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
157. 26
84.82
167.42
83.42
167.24
82.87
133. 16
71.82
139. 15
69. 33
139. 02
68.89
147. 67
79. 65
152.84
76. 15
152.70
75. 67
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE
EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPl-W,
All items, 1967=100)
1
185.4
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
- Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production
or nonsupervisory jobs, both full-time and part-time, and then deducting social security and
Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of
this publication).
The data for spendable earnings for the seven month period June-December 1977 are calcu-
200. 7
201. 8
74
92
NOTE: The Consumer Price 1 ndex for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is an est
mate of the average change in the
prices of goods and services pure hased by those consumers, and is
used to deflate the current dollar v
values shown. A major revision in the Consumer Price Index (revised
CPI-W) was introduced with data for January 1978. Data prior to
January 1978 in 1967 dollars are based on the unrevised Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clericai Workers (unrevised
CPI-W).
lated from formulas which concentrate the full year's effect of tax reduction in those seven
months. A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series is available on request.
p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).
127
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[1967=100]
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov. P
1978
Dec. P
1978
Industry division and group
Hours
118.2
TOTAL PRIVATE
119.3
123. 1
123.2
124. 5
103. 7
102. 7
1.10. 1
109. 8
109. 8
MINING
141.7
106. 5
148.3
149. 7
148.4
CONSTRUCTION
112.3
106.4
136. 5
128. 1
123. 2
MANUFACTURING
100. 8
101. 9
104. 1
105. 1
106. 1
102.1
111.°
109.3
110.4
90. 8
101. 7
106.4
100.4
95.8
117.0
102.4
104. 1
112.3
111.9
108. 1
92.2
103.4
110. 1
101. 7
100. 8
118. 8
98.3
107.2
116. 7
110.9
114. 7
96. 5
105. 1
113.3
103.0
102.6
125. 1
107.2
108. 5
113.6
111. 0
114. 7
98. 7
106. 5
115. 8
104. 8
104. 6
127. 9
106. 5
110.3
113. 0
112. 9
112.4
100.2
108. 8
119. 5
106. 0
108.2
. 131.0
101. 8
99.0
96.0
87. 0
94.3
92.7
99.8
97.9
104.2
118. 8
143. 8
71. 1
98.6
94.0
86. 1
93. 8
91. 1
101. 3
99.6
105.2
117.6
144.2
69.6
99. 5
97. 8
84. 0
92. 0
91. 1
99.4
99. 1
106. 6
126. 0
150.6
68. 5
100.2
95.9
84. 1
93. 0
92. 0
102. 3
101. 3
107.4
125.0
152. 5
68. 1
100.0
94.6
82.9
93.2
90.4
102. 5
104. 3
107.4
124. 0
155.0
128.3
130. 9
132. 1
132. 5
134. 7
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
107.7
108. 1
110. 5
110. 7
111. 8
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE .
124.9
130. 5
128.2
129.4
133. 8
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
122. 9
125.7
124.0
133.0
128.4
128.2
128.6
129. 7
129.3
135.6
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
133.0
133.4
140. 3
140.2
140. 8
SERVICES
141.0
141. 3
145. 1
144. 8
144. 7
GOODS-PRODUCING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products. .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone clay and glass products
.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
. .
.
...
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
128
..
....
. .
66. 9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group—Continued
Nov.
1977
Dec.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Dec.
1978P
Industry division and group
Payrolls
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
238. 1
240. 6
269.2
270.0
273. 9
2 15.5
2 14.2
249.4
249.4
251.5
MINING
3 19.7
226.2
370. 8
377.7
3 74. 7
CONSTRUCTION
225.7
214.5
2 94. 6
276.8
268.0
MANUFACTURING
208.8
213.7
233.0
237.3
242.5
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
212.9
248,4
210.6
234.2
209.6
207.7
215.5
201.0
211.2
223.4
194.9
2 19. 9
250.2
2 17.5
230.4
2 14.2
2 12. 5
226.0
207. 1
225.2
230.4
190.3
241. 6
284.6
227. 8
263. 8
243.3
228. 9
246.6
22 1.2
245. 1
2 54. 1
2 17. 5
246.5
275. 1
228.6
265. 1
251.3
233.8
254. 1
225.8
251.7
261. 6
2 17.8
253.5
273.8
234. 8
259.9
256.7
241.5
265.4
232. 1
263.3
272.7
211.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing . ,
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
201.7
201.0
221. 1
189.3
169.2
2 14.7
186.9
223.9
264.3
275.4
126.9
203. 1
199.5
222.3
188.7
169.0
220.2
190. 6
228.2
264.3
278.5
124.4
2 18.4
2 18. 5
221. 6
197.6
180.0
231.2
198.9
246. 9
305.4
3 10.2
130. 6
221. 7
217.3
229.2
201.2
183.0
240.3
204.5
249.4
305.2
316. 6
131.3
223.7
216. 1
233.2
202.8
181.4
243. 1
212.0
250. 9
307. 1
327. 8
129.3
SERVICE-PRODUCING
257.7
263.3
286.2
287.8
293.2
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
241.5
243. 6
263.8
264.5
2 69. 1
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
243.0
253.7
272. 1
275.4
2 84. 8
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
237.0
246.5
241. 9
260.4
270.3
273. 0
271. 8
277.5
275.7
289.8
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
238.5
241.0
272. 8
273.0
275.2
SERVICES
2 94.2
2 96.3
324.4
324.6
326.3
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.
129
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privated nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
May
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
36. 0
36.1
35.9
35.9
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.8
35.8
43.2
44. 0
43.4
43.4
43.0
43.6
43.0
43. 0
43. 2
44. 0
36. 9
36. 7
36. 9
40. 5
40. 7
40. 6
MINING
42.9
CONSTRUCTION
36.2
34.3
35.6
36.9
37.3
36.6
37.3
37.3
37. 1
37. 0
MANUFACTURING
40.5
39.8
40. 1
40.6
40.8
40.4
40.5
40. 5
40.3
40.4
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.4
40.7
41.3
41.4
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
4. 0
3. 7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
41. 1
3. 6
41.2
3. 6
3.8
41.4
41. 3
3.8
3. 9
4. 0
4. 1
. .
NONDURABLE GOODS
. . .
40.0
39.6
41.3
41.6
41.2
41.9
40.5
42.4
40.5
38.6
39.3
38.4
40.0
41.4
40.3
41. 1
39.7
41.6
40.4
38.0
39.6
40.0
40.9
41.6
40.7
41.8
40.0
40.9
40. 6
38.3
39.9
40. 1
41.8
41.5
41.3
42.3
40.6
42. 1
41.3
39.0
40.2
39.5
40.0
39.8
39.3
39.6
40. 1
40. 0
39. 7
40.1
42.0
41.5
41.4
42.3
40.4
42.4
41.4
39. 1
39.4
41.6
41.7
41. 1
42. 1
40.2
41.8
40.8
38.8
39.5
41. 9
41.8
41.0
42.3
40.2
42.0
40.8
38.8
39.3
41.7
41.8
41. 0
42.2
40. 7
42. 1
40. 7
38.8
39.0
41.6
42. 0
40.9
41.8
40.4
41.8
41. 0
39. 0
38.8
41.8
41.8
40. 9
41. 9
40. 1
42.5
40. 9
39. 0
39. 0
41.8
42. 1
39- 2
42. 0
42. 5
39. 3
42. 0
42. 3
40. 8
42. 0
40. 3
42. 6
40. 9
38.8
41. 0
42. 2
40. 4
42. 9
40. 8
38.8
41.2
42. 1
40. 3
42. 3
40. 9
39. 1
39.4
Lumber and wood products . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone clay and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products .
Machinery except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing jnd
Overtime hours
3.7
40.4
3.8
Overtime hours
3.5
41.2
DURABLE GOODS
Dec.P
43. 7
35.5
42.8
Overtime hours
Nov.P
35.7
35.9
TOTAL PRIVATE
Oct.
38.8
39. 1
39.7
39.8
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.4
39. 3
39. 5
39. 5
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.2
3. 1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
39. 8
38.6
40.2
35.8
42.9
37.6
41.8
43. 9
40.9
37.2
39.5
37.7
40.4
35.6
42.7
37.4
41. 9
44. 3
40.9
37. 1
39.5
37.9
40.4
35. 7
42. 7
37.8
41.8
43.8
41. 0
37.2
39.9
36.7
40. 3
35.2
42. 6
37. 7
41. 9
43. 9
41. 0
37. 1
39.9
37. 4
40. 4
35. 7
43. 1
37.8
42. 0
43. 7
41.2
36.9
40. 1 .
39.6
39.9
40. 1
40. 1
40. 0
40. 0
32.8
32. 9
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.8
32. 7
38. 9
30. 9
38. 9
3 0. 8
39.9
38. 0
40.5
35.9
42.9
37.6
41.7
43.4
40.6
37.0
39.7
37.6
40.3
33.7
42.5
37.4
41.6
43. 1
40.2
36.5
39.7
38.3
40.3
35.5
42.5
37.4
41.6
42.8
39.8
36.4
40.0
38.9
40.8
36.0
43.4
38. 0
42. 1
43. 3
40.7
37. 1
40. 1
38.7
40.9
36.3
43.5
37. 9
42. 0
43.6
41.3
38. 1
39.8
38.7
40.5
35.9
42. 9
37.3
41.9
42.9
41. 1
37.6
39.6
39.6
40. 3
35.8
42. 9
37.5
41. 9
43.4
41. 1
37.4
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
40.0
40.0
40. 1
40.4
40. 0
40.2
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
33. 1
32.7
32.7
33.0
33.0
32.9
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc plastics products
Leather and leather products
3. 4
39.7
38. 0
40. 4
3 5.8
42.8
37. 7
41. 7
43. 7
41. 5
36. 7
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
38.8
31.4
38.7
30. 9
38.7
30.9
38.9
31.2
39.0
31.2
38.7
31. 1
38.8
31.0
38.7
31.1
38.8
30. 9
39.0
30.9
38. 9
31. 0
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
.
36.4
36.3
36.3
36.3
36.7
36.3
36.5
36.6
36.5
36.5
36. 6
36. 3
36. 3
32.8
32.8
32. 7
32. 6
SERVICES
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
130
33.0
33. 0
32.9
33. 0
33.0
32.9
p=preliminary.
32.8
32.8
32.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Industry division and group
Mar.
Feb.
Apr.
Dec.
Jan.
117. 5
116.2
117. 1
119.
1
120. 4
101.6
99.3
100. 9
103. 6
106. 0
MINING
107. 8
105. 6
106. 8
111. 3
CONSTRUCTION
108. 6
100. 3
104. 2
111. 5
MANUFACTURING
100.2
98. 9
100.
1
102. 0
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
101. 7
114. 5
108. 9
109. 0
91. 9
101. 1
106.2
98.6
95.7
116. 0
99. 0
100. 5
113. 2
106. 1
106.4
92. 2
99.4
104. 6
97.3
94. 9
116. 3
97.4
101. 9
114. 0
111. 1
108.4
93.4
101.4
107. 1
98.8
93.7
117. 5
99.0
103. 9
114. 3
112. 5
111. 0
92. 8
102. 9
109. 4
101. 2
97.2
120. 5
102. 0
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
97.9
94.6
78. 7
93.0
91. 1
99.6
96.7
104. 5
119. 8
142. 1
69. 6
96. 5
94. 5
77. 9
92.6
85. 6
98. 7
96.7
104.4
119. 9
141. 0
68. 0
97.4
94. 7
79.4
92.5
90. 1
99. 1
96.9
104. 8
119. 0
140. 1
67. 8
128. 5
127. 9
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
106. 9
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
. .
124. 7
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
SERVICE-PRODUCING
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
120.6
120. 4
120. 8
121. 6
122. 3
106.
1
105. 4
105. 5
106. 5
107. 9
108. 7
144. 0
143. 5
145. 7
144. 4
145.2
147. 8
149. 9
117. 1
122. 8
124.2
122. 8
122. 6
123.8
123. 9
125. 7
102. 5
101. 6
101. 7
101. 6
101. 0
101. 2
102. 1
103. 7
104. 3
104.
115.
112.
112.
92.
103.
110.
100.
97.
121.
102.
2
0
5
7
9
5
1
4
5
7
6
103. 5
111. 8
110. 3
111, 4
93. 9
103. 3
109. 5
99. 8
96.6
120. 8
101. 5
103. 8
113. 6
109. 5
112.4
94. 1
102.4
111.3
99. 8
95. 8
122.4
101.4
104. 0
112. 3
108. 3
111, 1
94.4
102. 0
112. 1
101. 8
96.2
123.6
99.8
103. 5
110. 7
106. 4
109, 8
95.3
101. 8
110. 8
101. 1
96. 1
123. 9
100. 6
103. 9
111. 6
106. 2
110, 1
95. 5
102. 0
111. 5
100. 1
97.7
123. 9
100. 3
105. 5
113. 9
107. 5
110.8
96.9
103. 1
113.6
101.4
100.4
124. 5
100. 9
107.
114.
108.
112.
107. 8
115. 0
109. 7
113. 3
99.9
106.4
115. 3
102.8
102. 7
127. 8
102. 6
99.2
96.2
82. 0
93. 7
91.6
101. 6
99. 3
106. 0
121.3
144. 5
69. 1
99. 9
96.4
80. 2
93.4
93.2
102.4
99. 1
106. 5
122. 1
147. 3
71. 3
98.9
94.6
81.5
92.6
91. 9
101, 9
98.2
106. 9
118.4
146.6
70.4
98. 7
94. 0
84. 1
91. 8
91. 4
101,9
98.6
106. 9
120.4
147. 0
70. 1
98. 1
93.6
78, 6
91.5
90. 1
101. 9
99. 1
106,6
121.2
146.2
67. 1
97. 2
91.4
71. 5
91.2
90. 1
99. 2
98. 3
106. 0
123. 2
145.4
69. 1
97.
91.
74.
91.
90.
99.
97.
106.
122.
145.
69.
2
3
5
8
1
0
8
0
7
0
6
128.4
129. 8
130. 5
130. 5
130. 7
130. 7
130. 8
107. 0
107. 7
109.
1
108. 7
109. 0
109. 4
106. 5
123. 7
124. 2
125. 9
126.4
126. 8
126. 8
127.4
May
June
July
120. 0
120. 6
105.
1
106. 0
144. 2
143. 1
118. 8
88. 7
98.2
98. 5
106.2
123. 0
147. 0
68.8
90. 1
100. 9
100. 2
106.8
123. 3
150. 0
67. 5
90. 5
100. 7
101.4
106. 6
126. 0
152. 9
66. 5
131. 4
132. 0
132. 3
132.2
107. 7
108. 2
109.9
110.2
110. 6
127.2
127. 5
128.2
128.4
127.8
127.4
128. 5
128. 0
128. 5
128.2
127.7
140. 5
140. 6
141. 0
145. 0
145. 5
145. 5
123. 1
123. 9
123. 9
124. 4
125. 3
126. 1
126. 0
126. 6
125.2
127. 3
126. 1
127. 0
125. 7
128. 0
126. 1
127. 7
127. 1
12 7. 7
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
133. 9
134. 3
135. 1
135.4
137.5
136.2
137. 9
139. 0
139. 2
139. 6
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
1
141. 7
141. 8
143. 3
144.
1
143. 8
143. 9
144. 1
144.
1
145.
1
98.
94.
73.
92.
122. 5
99. 3
95.3
76. 1
92.3
123. 0
125. 4
142.
99. 5
104.8
114. 4
102.4
102. 8
126. 0
101. 5
Dec.P
7
3
5
3
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE . . . .
SERVICES
97.2
92.2
73. 5
91. 6
1
8
6
7
P
p=preliminary.
131
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Industry
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
$5.71
7.85
8.66
6.18
$5.73
7.88
8.72
6.20
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
p
Dec P
Average hourly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
$5.41
$5.46
6.75
8.24
5.88
6.84
8.30
5.93
. . .
$5.49
6.92
8.35
5.98
$5.54
6.94
8.47
6.01
$5.61
7.63
8.47
6.05
$5
7
8.
6.
62
66
59
08
$5.66
7.71
8.65
6.12
$5.
7.
8.
6.
77
88
75
25
$5.
7.
8.
6.
82
$5.
8.
8.
6.
.99
77
32
86
02
83
37
$5.
8.
8.
6.
90
03
89
41
7.28
7.34
7.38
7.40
7.49
7. 50
7.52
7.53
7.58
7. 65
7. 66
7.
7. 77
4.42
4.51
4.50
4.55
4.60
4 60
4.63
4.67
4. 70
4 . 73
4 . 77
4. 81
4 . 83
4.68
4.78
4.72
4.86
4.71
4.87
4.75
4.90
4.84
4.95
4 84
4 . 94
4.89
4.96
4.95
5.01
4.92
5.02
4 . 98
5. 05
S.
5. 10
S. On
5. 11
5. 06
5. 14
2 08 . 94
209 . 7 9
104 . 11
21 . 2 2
Average weekly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars 2
194.22
104.42
Real spendable earnings (married worker with
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)2. 3
95.06
193.83 195.99
103.38 103.86
92.41
92.70
199.44 202.52
104.86 105.59
93.33
93.76
2 0 1 76
104. 2 1
92. 59
203. 19 204.99
104.04 104.43
92.33
92. 55
205.13 206. 57
103.92 103. 91
92.09
9 1 . 98
104 . 2 6
92 . 14
91 . 9 5
-
3
1
See footnote 2,
p= preliminary.
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
A major revision in the CPI was introduced beginning with the January 1978 data (see note on
table C-5, and Explanatory Notes).
5
C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers1 in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
Millions of noun (Annual rate) 2
Industry division
OCTOBER
1978
TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR .
.
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
. .
.
. . . .
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private
Economy and Major Sectors.
132
163,684
133,509
2,010
8,315
42,598
26,046
16,552
10,211
33,662
9,010
27,703
30,175
NOVEMRER
1978p
]65,135
134,162
2,050
8,303
43,120
26,388
16,732
10,263
33,652
9,024
27,751
30,973
Percent change
DECEMBER
1978p
D e c . 1977
to
Dec. 1978
165,266
134,601
2,066
4.2
4.6
36.3
8,505
43,410
26,573
16,837
10,318
33,497
9,042
27,763
30,665
13.7
4.0
5.7
1.4
4.4
2.9
5.2
3.1
2.3
Oct. 1978
to
Nov. 1 9 7 8
0.9
0.5
1.9
-0.1
1.2
1.3
1.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
2.6
Nov. 1 9 7 8
to
Dec. 1978
0.1
0.3
0.8
2.4
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
-0.5
0.2
0.0
-1.0
J
"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent.
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]
Quarterly indexes
Annual average
1976
1977
II
III
IV
115.4
126.0
108.3
190.9
114.1
165.4
156.7
162.4
116.1
126.2
108.7
194.8
115.0
167.7
158.3
164.5
117.1
127.1
108.5
199.3
116.1
170.1
159.0
166.3
117.2
127.6
108.9
203.6
117.3
173.8
158.4
168.5
115.8
133.6
115.4
209.3
115.3
180.8
162.6
174.6
113.0
125.2
110.8
187.6
112.1
166.0
153.7
161.8
114.4
126.9
110.9
191.7
113.1
167.5
155.5
163.4
115.2
127.7
110.9
195.8
114.1
170.1
157.4
165.7
Compensation per hour . . . . . . .
Real compensation per hour . . .
Un : t labor costs
123.2
119.3
96.8
195.1
114.4
158.3
126.1
126.9
100.6
212.2
116.9
168.3
121.8
117.8
96.7
189.1
113.0
155.3
123.3
119.2
96.7
193.7
114.4
157.1
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
118.3
113.3
95.8
196.9
115.5
166.5
120.5
121.4
100.8
214.3
118.0
177.9
116.6
110.8
95.0
191.5
114.4
164.2
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . ..
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
131.3
129.1
98.4
192.7
113.0
146.8
135.3
135.7
100.3
208.6
115.0
154.2
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour „
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
,
Implicit price deflator
115.5
133.8
115.8
192.4
112.9
172.0
166.5
188.8
112.7
163.2
116.9
141.0
120.6
208.0
114.6
182.0
177.9
194.5
120.2
172.8
1976
1977
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
116.4
126.5
108.7
197.0
115.6
169.3
158.1
165.4
118.4
133.2
112.6
213.0
117.4
180.2
164.7
174.9
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
114.4
127.0
111.0
193.7
113.6
169.4
156.0
164.8
1978
II
III
IV
II
117.9
130.
110.
207.
117.
176.
160.
170.6
117.4
132.5
112.9
210.5
116.4
179.3
164.0
174.0
118.9
134.2
112.9
215.3
117.6
181.1
167.0
176.3
119.0
135.5
113.9
218.8
118.2
183.9
167.8
178.4
117.6
135.3
115.0
225.2
119.3
191.4
162.1
181.3
118.0
138.7
117.6
229.6
118.6
194.6
171.3
186.6
119.0
139.7
117.4
235.3
119.0
197.8
175.3
190.0
114.9
128.1
111.5
199.9
115.1
173.9
157.2
168.2
115.6
131.0
113.3
203.9
115.1
176.4
157.7
170.0
115.2
133.0
115.5
207.1
114.5
179.8
161.7
173.6
116.
134.
115.
211.
115.
181.
166.
176.4
116.4
135.8
116.7
215.1
116.2
184.8
165.1
178.1
115.5
136.1
117.8
221.4
117.3
191.7
159.2
180.6
116.0
139.8
120.6
225.8
116.6
194.7
167.1
185.3
116.6
140.5
120.5
231.0
116.9
198.
171.
189.1
124.1
120.0
96.7
196.9
114.7
158.7
123.9
120.3
97.1
200.9
115.7
162.2
123.7
122.6
.99.1
205.6
116.1
166.3
125.6
126.6
100.7
209.7
116.0
166.9
127.6
128.6
100.8
214.4
117.1
168.0
127.5
129.8
101.8
218.9
118.2
171.7
125.9
129.7
103.1
225.0
119.2
178.8
128.4
134.1
104.5
229.1
118.3
178.5
131.6
137.1
104.2
235.0
118.8
178.6
118.6
113.3
95.5
195.8
115.6
165.1
119.5
114.8
96.1
198.5
115.7
166.2
118.4
114.4
96.6
201.7
116.2
.170.3
117.9
116.3
. 98.7
207.1
116.9
175.7
120.4
121.0
100.5
211.8
117.1
175.9
121.9
123.5
101.3
216.4
118.2
177.5
121.6
124.8
102.7
221.5
119.6
182.2
119.4
124.4
104.1
227.0
120.3
190.1
122.7
129.5
105.6
231.2
119.4
188.4
125.6
133.4
106.2
237.0
119.9
188.7
130.1
129,
99.
185.9
111.1
142.9
130.9
128.9
98.4
190.8
112.6
145.8
131.5
128.5
97.7
194.5
113.3
147.9
132.7
129.8
97.9
199.7
115.0
150.5
133.1
132.6
99.7
203.4
114.8
152.8
134.1
135.5
101.0
206.3
114.1
153.9
136.9
136.9
100.0
210.6
115.0
153.8
137.3
138.0
100.5
214.0
115.6
155.9
136.4
138.3
101.4
221.0
117.1
162.1
137.7
141.5
102.8
224.8
116.1
163.3
141.4
143.0
101.1
230.1
116.4
162.8
114.
132.
115.2
186.
111.
168.0
162.2
186.1
114.9
160.1
115.8
134.1
115.8
190.2
112.3
169.8
1*4.3
186.9
115.5
161.7
116.2
134.4
115.7
194.5
113.3
172.8
167.4
189.4
114.7
164.2
115.5
134.2
116.3
198.8
114.5
177.3
172.2
193.0
105.6
166.6
116.0
137.5
118.5
202.2
114.1
178.8
174.3
192.6
108.8
168.4
116.5
140.5
120.7
205.9
113.9
180.8
176.8
193.1
120.1
171.8
117.7
142.3
120.9
210.2
114.8
182.5
178.5
195.0
128.3
174.5
117.6
143.6
122.1
213.8
115.5
185.6
181.9
197.1
122.9
176.3
116.9
143.6
122.9
220
116
191
188
201
104
118.1
148.8
126.0
224.7
116.0
192.6
190.2
200.1
127.8
183.0
118.5
149.3
126.0
229.8
116.3
196.2
194.0
203.3
130.8
186.5
III
MANUFACTURING:
O u t p u t per hour of all persons . .
Output
Hours
178.6
p=preliminary.
r=revised.
133
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change
Quarterly percent change
I
Item
II
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
.
Implicit price deflator
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
..
.
Implicit price deflator
MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
.
1977 I I I
1977 I I I
1977 IV
1977 IV
1977
I
1977 I
1978
1978 I I
II
1978 I I
1976 I I I
1976 IV
1976 I
1977
II
1977 I I I
1977
1978 I I
1977 [ I I
1977 IV
1977 I
1978
II
1978 I I I
1978
1978 [ I I
-1.7
6.5
8.3
5.8
-2.7
7.6
9.5
8.2
Compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
1977 I I
.
...
5.1
5.0
-0.1
9.5
A.3
A.2
7.A
5.2
0.A
A.O
3.7
6.7
1.9
6.3
2.0
A.9
-A. 5
-0.6
A.O
12.1
A.O
17.A
-13.1
6.7
1.2
10.5
9.2
8.1
-2.5
6.8
2A.8
12.1
3.A
2.9
-0.5
- 10.A
1.6
6.7
9.7
7.7
1.1
5.0
3.9
8.1
1.2
6.9
3.6
5.8
1.5
5.6
A.O
8.0
1.3
6.5
5.0
6.0
1.5
6.2
A.6
7.5
0.7
5.8
5.9
5.9
-0.2
3.7
3.9
8.5
1.8
8.8
1.1
6.3
0.5
A.6
A.I
9.1
1.9
8.5
A.A
7.2
0.1
A.I
A.O
9.3
1.2
9.2
5.0
7.8
-l.A
6.2
7.7
6.5
-2.1
8.0
10.3
8.7
3.7
5.0
1.3
•8.1
2.9
A.2
11.5
6.5
0.5
3.5
3.0
7.6
2.8
7.1
-2.A
A.O
-3.1
0.7
3.9
12.2
A.O
15.7
-13.5
5.8
1.7
11.6
9.8
8.2
-2. A
6.A
21.3
10.8
2.3
2.0
-0.3
9.5
0.9
7.1
11.6
8.5
0.7
A.8
A.I
8.1
1.2
7.3
A.O
6.2
0.9
5. A
L A
7.8
1.1
6.8
5.5
6.A
1.3
6.0
A.7
7.6
0.9
6.3
5.0
5.9
-0.1
3.8
3.9
8.6
1.9
8.7
0.9
6.2
0.7
5.2
A.5
9.0
1.8
8.3
3. A
6.7
0.3
A.A
A.O
9.A
1.3
9.0
3.A
7.2
6.5
6.6
0.1
9.2
3.9
2.5
-0.3
A.O
A.3
8.8
A.O
9.1
-5.1
-0.5
A.9
11.6
3.5
17.7
8.3
1A.3
5.6
7.A
-3.1
-0.8
10.A
9.2
-1.1
10.6
1.9
0.2
1.9
6.1
A.2
8.3
l.A
6.2
2.9
7.1
A.I
8.9
2.1
5.8
2.9
7.9
A.8
9.0
2.2
5.9
1.8
5.8
A.O
9.A
2.7
7.6
2.2
6.0
3.7
9.2
2.0
6.9
3.1
6.6
3.A
9.6
1.5
6.3
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
6.A
13.7
6.8
8.2
-0.6
1.6
DURABl EGOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
8.9
17.1
7.6
9.A
0.5
0.5
5.0
8.3
3.1
9.0
3.8
3.8
-1.1
A.5
5.7
9.8
A.9
11.0
-6.8
-1.5
5.7
10.A
2.A
18.5
11.3
17.7
5.7
7.5
-3.0
-3.A
10.0
12.5
2.3
10.5
1.8
0.5
1.6
6.9
5.2
8.2
1.3
6.5
2.0
7.5
5.A
9.0
2.2
6.8 '
2.6
9.1
6.3
9.8
2.9
7.0
1.3
6.9
5.5
9.6
2.9
8.2
1.9
7.0
5.1
9.2
1.9
7.1
3.1
8.1
A.9
9.5
l.A
6.3
3.1
9.0
5.7
6.0
-2.6
2.8
8.6
A.I
-A. 2
8.5
3.3
-0.1
1.0
3.2
2.2
6.7
1.9
5.6
-2.6
1.1
3.8
13.6
5.3
16.6
3.9
9.A
5.3
7.2
-3.3
3.2
11.2
A.3
-6.2
9.7
1.0
-1.3
2.A
5.1
2.6
8.1
1.3
5.6
A.I
6.6
2.A
8.3
1.5
A.O
3.5
6.2
2.7
7.2
0.5
3.6
2.5
A.3
1.8
8.7
2.0
6.0
2.6
A.A
1.7
9.0
1.8
6.1
3.2
A.5
1.2
9.3
1.2
5.8
1.7
9.2
7.A
7.7
-1.0
A.6
5.8
1.0
A8.2
8.3
A.A
5.2
0.7
8.5
3.3
3.9
3.9
3.9
30.A
6.A
-0.5
3.6
A.2
7.2
2.A
6.8
7.7
A.3
-15.8
A.2
-2.5
0.0
2.5
12.5
A.3
13.6
15.3
8.5
-47.8
5.5
A.A
15.2
10.A
8.3
-2.3
2.3
3.8
-2.0
123.6
10.2
1.3
1.5
0.6
A.8
A.2
8.3
l.A
6.5
7.6
3.3
3.9
6.2
1.3
5.9
A. 5
8.0
1.3
5.6
6.6
3.0
11.9
6.3
1.8
7.0
5.0
7.5
0.8
A.7
5.6
2.1
16.A
5.8
0.8
A.5
3.7
8.9
2.2
7.1
8.1
A.A
-A.O
6.1
l.A
5.9
A.A
9.1
1.9
6.6
7.6
3.6
6.A
6.5
0.7
A.9
A.2
9.A
1.3
7.5
8.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per"all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
p=preliminary.
r=re vised.
134
'
O.2
9.5
0.8
7.7
8.1
6.5
9.9
7.9
A. 3
1.9
6.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
State and area
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
$230.27
264.54
()
•
41.0
39.7
42.3
40.9
40.6
41.8
40.9
39.9
(*)
$5.03
5.97
6.07
$5.58
6.66
6.53
$5.63
6.63
<*)
42.8
42.7
(*)
10.41
9.90
(*)
254.40
266.45
()
*
40.5
40.7
39. 1
40.5
40.9
38.7
40.9
42.7
(*)
5.72
5.68
5.69
6.15
6.21
5.89
6.22
6.24
(*)
191.27
178.85
190.61
222.71
263.08
193.26
174.83
194. 14
226.73
257.51
40. 1
40.9
39.3
40.3
42.4
39.6
40.1
38.9
40.2
42.5
39.
39.
39.
40.
41 .4
4.42
4.03
4.62
5. 12
5.21
4.83
4.46
4.90
5.54
6. 19
4.93
4.46
4.94
5.64
6.22
247.65
230.57
251.10
225.89
232.23
247.66
210.81
246.76
265.28
232.79
237.37
301.90
266.18
222.77
219.70
271.86
244.78
264.77
246.60
275.80
244.21
248.47
252.98
229.20
275.93
289.28
268.40
248.29
318.00
276.61
228. 13
239.27
282.03
279.66
268.52
249.26
279.03
241.00
251.53
260.80
230.98
277.26
286.89
251.54
245.25
319.59
286.82
215.94
235.59
291.40
282.08
40.4
41. 1
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.8
39.7
39.8
39.3
38.1
39.3
40.2
40.7
40.8
37.3
39.4
37.2
40.3
41. 1
38.9
40. 1
40.8
38.8
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39. 1
39.8
39.8
38.6
38. 1
38.9
39.5
40.
41.
39.
39.
41.
40.0
40.1
40.3
39.3
37.6
38.5
39.8
40.8
36.6
37. 1
39.7
38.8
6. 13
5.61
6.20
5.55
5.72
6.07
5.31
6.20
6.75
6,. 11
6,.04
7,.51
6..54
5..46
5..89
6,.90
6.58
6.57
6.00
7.09
6.09
6.09
6.52
5.73
6.83
7.25
6.71
6.35
7.99
6.95
5.91
6.28
7.25
7.08
6.63
6.05
10
04
12
6.52
5.76
6.88
7.30
6.69
6.37
8.03
7.03
5.90
6.35
7.34
7.27
COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
230.30
231.64
247.59
246.41
248.29
248.58
39.3
39.8
39.3
39.3
39.6
39.9
5.86
5.82
6.30
6.27
6.27
6.23
CONNECTICUT
238.98
245.38
261.32
246.87
235.34
245.92
203.04
257.98
270.07
286.89
264.69
263.08
266.54
226.31
260.47
274.74
292.38
269.33
265.20
261.84
229.27
42.0
43.2
42.7
42.2
41.0
42.4
42.3
42.5
43.7
43.8
42.9
42.5,
43.2
42.3
42.7
44.1
44.1
43.3
42.5
42.3
42.3
6.12
85
74
80
80
6.07
6.18
6.55
6. 17
6.19
6.17
5.35
6.10
6.23
6.63
6.22
6.24
6.19
5.42
256.31
293-35
258.95
292.39
263.07
292.55
40. 3
40.8
39.9
39.3
39.5
38.8
6.36
7. 19
6.49
7.44
6.66
7.54
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
$206.23
237.01
256.76
$228.22
270.40
272.95
ALASKA
445.55
422.73
ARIZONA
Phoenix
231.66
231.18
222.48
249.08
253.99
227.94
177.24
164.83
18 1.57
206.34
220.90
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Mobile
Tucson
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
CALIFORNIA
Anaheim—Santa Ana-Garden Grove .
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario .
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
DELAWARE
Wilmington
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA
()
*
213.17
214.56
214. 18
38.9
38.8
38.8
5.48
5.53
5.52
FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
192.44
187.80
219.51
163.53
203.12
251.60
19 1.09
244.40
209.51
195.77
248.81
177.51
225-42
281.84
217.46
241.83
212.16
196.58
253.54
184.37
235.66
282.88
214.53
252.15
40.6
40.3
40.5
39.5
41.2
42.5
40.4
43.8
41.0
40.2
41.4
39.8
41.9
43.9
41.5
42.5
41.6
40.2
41.7
40.7
43.4
44.2
41.9
43.7
4.74
4.66
5.42
4.14
4.93
5.92
4.73
5.58
5.11
4.87
6.01
4.46
5.38
6.42
5.24
5.69
5.10
4.89
6.08
4.53
5.43
.40
6.
.12
5.
5.77
GEORGIA
184.42
215.59
249.26
206.74
232.83
280.36
209.39
242.38
279.48
40.8
40.6
43.2
40.3
39.0
43.4
40.5
39.8
43.6
4.52
5.31
5.77
5. 13
5.97
6.46
5.17
6.09
6.41
199.86
223.23
242.42
240.77
244.28
243.20
34.4
37.9
39.1
38.4
39.4
39.1
5.81
5.89
6.20
6.27
6.2 0
6.22
231.55
216.84
251.94
241.16
257.54
256.49
38.4
39.0
39.0
37.8
39.2
39.4
6.03
5.56
6.46
6.38
6.57
6.51
Atlanta
Savannah
HAWAII
Honolulu
IDAHO
Boise City
See footnotes at end of table.
135
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas-Continued
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
State and area
NO?.
1977
OCT.
1978
$264.00
207.39
265.02
262.43
287.90
310.20
276.80
272.56
303.93
Average hourly earnings
MO?.
1978P
NO?.
1977
OCT.
1978
NO?.
1978P
NO?.
1977
OCT.
1978
NO?.
1978P
$273.47
253.44
262.95
272.05
275.57
319.18
341.15
288.11
310.56
$280.93
260.64
263.85
274.80
281.40
328.72
352.91
292.57
320.86
40.8
38.3
41.6
41.5
41.4
43.9
35.5
43.8
42.9
39.8
41.3
39.9
40.4
36.9
41.8
39.3
42.4
42.0
40.3
42.0
39.6
40.7
37.4
43.0
40.5
42.8
42.8
$6.46
5.42
6.37
6.32
6.95
7.07
7.80
6.22
7.09
$6.87
6.13
6.59
6.73
7.47
7.63
8.69
6.80
7.40
$6.97
6.21
6.66
6.75
7.52
7.64
8.72
6.84
7.50
280.28
357.06
294.80
302.09
402.78
304.20
304.38
41.4
40.9
43. 1
41. 1
42.0
41.5
41.3
()
*
()
*
6.77
8.73
6.84
7.35
9.59
7.33
7.37
()
*
(>
*
264.14
265.06
268.05
325.56
183.17
325.99
294.35
299.11
301.02
365.79
285.32
379.85
293.71
305.87
298.35
346.06
291.72
376.79
39.9
40.1
37.7
39.8
31.8
40.8
40.6
41.2
39.4
41.1
43.1
40.8
40.4
41.9
39.0
40.1
44.0
41.0
6.62
6.61
7. 11
8. 18
,76
5.
7.99
7.25
7.26
7.64
8.90
6.62
9.31
7.27
7.30
7.65
8.63
6.63
9.T9
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
226.32
247.25
233.54
257.51
286.54
274.80
255.23
283.92
278.30
41.0
40.6
40.9
41.4
42.2
41.7
41.1
42.0
41.6
5.52
6.09
5.71
6.22
6.79
6.59
6.21
6.76
6.69
KE N T U C K Y
Louisville
236.37
268.94
257.20
294.84
260.50
292.53
40.2
40.2
40.0
40.5
40.2
39.8
5.88
6.69
6.43
7.28
6.48
7.35
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
251.93
304.16
239.72
229.32
275.28
345.54
257.80
246.56
279.03
349.77
263.34
242.00
42.7
42.9
40.7
42.0
41.9
44.3
39.6
41.3
42.6
44.9
39.6
40.2
5.90
7.09
5.89
5.46
6.57
7.80
6.51
5.97
6.55
7.79
6.65
6.02
MAINE
Portland
187.31
146.12
189.77
202.10
160.18
202.40
205.74
166.80
198.90
39.6
36.9
39.7
40.1
37.6
40.0
40.5
38.7
39.7
4.73
3.96
4.78
5.04
4.26
5.06
5.08
4.31
5.01
MARYLAND
Baltimore
254.52
267.55
272.02
287.71
274.19
289.48
40.4
40.6
40.6
40.9
40.5
40.9
6.30
6.59
6.70
7.03
6.77
7.08
MASSACHUSETTS
21 1.60
233.56
163.88
143.72
204.62
182.35
167.87
22 1.73
223.44
224.53
245.96
176.61
157.88
223.28
200.40
191 .01
233 .19
231.42
231.99
258.54
180.30
162.72
219.01
203.20
204.62
240.78
243.02
40.0
40.2
37.5
34.8
39.2
39.3
36.1
41.6
40.7
39.6
39.8
37.9
35.4
39.8
40.0
37.6
41.2
39.9
40.7
41.3
38.2
36.0
38.9
40.0
40.2
41.3
41.4
5.29
5.81
4.37
4.13
5.22
4.64
4.65
5.33
5.49
5.67
6.18
4.66
4.46
5.61
5.01
5.08
5.66
5.80
5.70
6.26
4.72
4.52
5.63
5.08
5.09
5.83
5.87
339.78
385.10
316.46
370.75
363.88
407.66
272.82
283.37
293.50
346.44
292.86
418.63
374.87
416.90
349.78
323.89
400.52
437.49
283.35
319.20
315.21
393.56
294.30
439.40
371.65
420.78
353.38
323.59
402.35
436.76
287.69
327.43
313.29
392.94
294.17
441.32
43
45
41
49
43
46.6
42.2
42.2
42.2
43. 1
43.1
46.9
44.4
45.3
41.8
42.3
44.1
46.8
41.7
43.5
41.9
43.7
41.3
45.9
43.6
45.5
41.8
41.9
44.2
46.4
41.7
44.5
41.6
43.4
41.2
45.6
7.83
8.50
7.64
7.55
8.37
8.75
6.47
6.72
6.96
8.04
6.80
8.93
8.44
9.20
8.37
7.66
9.09
9.35
6.80
7.34
7.52
9.01
7.13
9.57
8.52
9.25
8.45
7.72
9.10
9.41
6.90
7.36
7.53
9.05
7.14
9.68
MINNESOTA
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
244.33
220.61
264.37
266.90
239.27
284.78
267.71
253.23
285.31
39. 6
38.5
40.3
40.5
37.8
40.8
40.5
39.2
40.7
6.17
5.73
6.56
6.59
6.33
6.98
6.61
6.46
7.01
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
172.10
196.88
186.19
207.09
189.14
210.92
40.4
41.8
40.3
41.5
40.5
42.1
4.26
4.71
4.62
4.99
4.67
5.01
ILLINOIS
Bloomington—Normal
Champaign—Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago SMSA
Davenport-Rock Island—Moline
Oecatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
INDIANA
Gary—Hammond-East Chicago
Indianapolis
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Oes Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Lewiston-Auburn
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence- Haverhi 1
1
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield—Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
nNCHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
See footnotes at end of table.
136
()
•
()
•
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weakly earnings
State and arts
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
$2 4 4.55
279.64
223.85
282.83
196.95
MONTANA
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
MOV.
1978P
HOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
$255.60
298.39
238.27
299.21
212.69
$265.36
297.56
237.41
306.59
216.28
41.1
41.8
40.7
41.9
39.0
40.0
41.1
40.8
41. 1
38.6
40.7
41.1
39.7
41.6
$6.39
7.26
5.84
7.28
38.9
$5.95
6.69
5.50
6.75
5.05
5.51
$6.52
7.24
5.98
7.37
5.56
303.30
337.42
355.18
42.9
41.3
43.0
7.07
8. 17
8.26
NEBRASKA
Lincoln
Omaha
220.64
211.30
237.01
250.62
250.97
268.27
249.45
252.05
269.51
39.4
37.2
39. 9
41.7
39.9
41.4
41.3
40.2
41.4
60
68
94
6.01
6.29
6.48
6.04
6.27
6.51
NEVADA
Las Vegas
249.55
322.82
250.61
311.65
258.52
(•)
39.8
41.6
37.8
39.3
38.7
(•)
6.27
7.76
6.63
7.93
6.68
(•)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua
189.88
167.42
212.49
204.42
179.54
225.35
206.86
179.33
229.61
40. 4
39.3
41. 1
40.4
39.2
41.5
40.8
38.9
41.9
4.70
4.26
5. 17
5.06
4.58
5.43
5.07
4.61
5.48
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Camden'
Hackensack2
Jersey City 2
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville 2
Newark2
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic2
Trenton
247.16
208.43
234.99
229.22
240.78
273.92
254.71
23 3.54
276.49
260.60
176.18
254.82
249.55
253.03
288.70
261.88
246.24
270.03
41.4
39.4
40. 1
41.6
40.4
42.6
42.1
40.9
43.0
41.3
38.3
41.3
43.1
40. 1
41.6
41.7
40.5
41.1
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
5.97
5.29
5.86
5.51
5.96
6.43
6.05
5.71
6.43
6.31
4.60
6. 17
5.79
6.31
6.94
6.28
6.08
6.57
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
186.35
187.27
192.61
192.45
198.40
190.64
40.6
40.8
38.6
38.8
39.6
39.8
4.59
4.59
4.99
4.96
5.01
4.79
NEW YORK
Albany—Schenectady—Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County 3
Nassau-Suffolk4
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk3
New York SMSA 4
New York City s
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County 5
Syracuse
Utica—Rome
Westchester County 5
234.37
257.26
213.72
317.67
230.28
309.87
225.52
224.64
205.44
204.22
199.66
251.14
289.93
237.54
262.06
224.13
241.26
244.99
269.33
231.84
334.85
246.24
320.30
229.28
232.06
208.62
203.79
198.65
247.57
300.17
244.80
281.11
233.34
255.07
253.*13
279.39
232.82
346.01
255.02
331.19
234.77
()
*
218.27
214.10
210.52
254.98
308.98
246.38
284.08
238.32
246.93
40.2
40.9
41.1
42.3
40.4
42.8
40.2
39.9
38.4
38. 1
37.6
43.6
42.7
42.8
41.4
40.9
42.7
39.9
40.5
41.4
41.7
40.5
42.2
39.6
39.6
38.0
37.6
37.2
41.4
42.1
40.8
42.4
40.3
42.3
40.5
41.7
41.5
42.3
41.0
42.9
40.2
(•)
38.7
38.3
38.0
41.8
42.5
41.2
42.4
40.6
41.5
5.83
6.29
5.20
7.51
5.70
7.24
5.61
5.63
5.35
5.36
5.31
5.76
6.79
5.55
6.33
5.48
5.65
6. 14
6.65
5.60
8.03
6.08
7.59
5.79
5.86
5.49
5.42
5.34
5.98
7. 13
6.00
6.63
5.79
6.03
6.25
6.70
5.61
8.18
6.22
7.72
5.84
(•)
5.64
5.59
5.54
6.10
7.27
5.98
6.70
5.87
5.95
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
170.07
173.46
175.09
185.44
193.59
183.26
184.37
189.11
198.30
206.74
186.24
189.74
189.88
201.50
207.06
40.3
41.3
41. 1
40.4
40.5
40.1
40.7
41.2
39.9
40.3
40.4
41.7
41. 1
40.3
40.6
4.22
4.20
4.26
4.59
4.78
4.57
4.53
4.59
4.97
5. 13
4.61
4.55
4.62
5.00
5.10
.JORTH DAKOTA
Fargo—Moor head
195.04
212.29
232.15
248.18
224.70
244.97
36.8
35.8
40.8
38.9
39.7
38.7
5.30
5.93
5.69
6.38
5.66
6.33
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
295.53
292.72
287.12
277.77
303.30
249.48
312.61
308.42
33 5.37
317.34
309.86
307.69
296.52
330.42
273.10
325.80
333.91
362.34
319.70
316.63
318.61
300.76
337.65
273.91
327.85
327.83
370.44
42.4
42.3
40. 1
42.8
42.9
40.5
43.6
42.6
41.2
42.2
42.1
39.6
42.3
42.8
40.4
42.7
42.7
41.6
42
42
40
42
43
40
42.8
42.3
42.0
6.97
6.92
7 16
6 49
7 07
6 16
7 17
7 24
8.14
7.52
7.36
7.77
7.01
7.72
6.76
7.63
7.82
8.71
7.54
7.45
7.79
7.06
7.78
6.78
7.66
7.75
8.82
MISSOURI
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield
.
()
*
()
•
()
*
<*)
()
*
()
*
()
*
()
*
()
•
See footnotes at end of table.
137
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and •arnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
• t a t * and area
NOV.
1977
OKLAHOMA
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1S77
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
$225.22
220.73
240.76
$240.40
235.62
253.29
$244.82
239.78
259.60
40.8
40.8
40.6
40.2
39.8
39.7
40.4
40.3
40.0
$5.52
5.41
5.93
$5. 98
5.92
6.38
$6.06
5.95
6.49
OREGON
Eugene—Springfield . . . .
Jackson County
Portland
264.41
292.13
26 6.57
254.76
286.30
325.54
302.91
269.80
287.54
314.34
()
•
()
•
38.6
39.8
38.3
38.6
38.9
41.0
39.7
38.0
38.7
39.0
(>
•
()
•
6.85
7.34
6.96
6.60
7.36
7.94
7.63
7. 10
7.43
8.06
()
*
()
*
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
....
Delaware Valley . . ;
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
_
.
Scranton7
242.61
236.84
186.66
249.20
257.46
21 1.60
265.93
214.80
172.56
(•)
308.48
221.09
178.93
166.25
210.65
225.84
262.10
258.34
211.69
272.03
270.90
239.40
279.70
231.49
189.35
269.06
321.12
229.90
200.04
180.85
234.21
244.70
272.54
263.84
211.50
278.12
271.97
242.59
286.94
239.09
191.25
275.11
327.13
238.34
199.64
184.98
233.64
246.96
40. 1
38.7
36.6
40.0
42.0
39.7
40.6
40.3
36. 1
()
*
41.8
39.2
37.2
35.0
39.3
41.9
40.2
38.5
37.6
40.3
42.0
40. 1
39.9
40.4
37.2
40.4
40.7
38.9
39.3
35.6
39.9
41.9
40.8
38.8
37.5
40.9
42.1
39.9
40.3
40.8
37.5
41.0
41.2
39.2
39.3
36.2
39.4
42.0
6.05
6.12
5. 10
6.23
6. 13
5.33
6.55
5.33
4.78
()
*
7.38
5.64
4.81
4.75
5.36
5.39
6.52
6.71
5.63
6.75
6.45
5.97
7.01
5.73
5.09
6.66
7.89
5.91
5.09
5.08
5.87
5.84
6.68
6.80
5.64
6.80
6.46
6.08
7.12
5.86
5.10
6.71
7.94
6.08
5.08
5.11
5.93
5.88
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket .
176.79
177.30
187.50
190.79
191.84
194.57
39.2
39.4
38.9
39.5
39.8
40.2
4.51
4.50
4.82
4.83
4.82
4.84
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
181.66
202.95
180.63
180.81
195.84
225.72
188.97
192.44
198.03
230.03
192.48
196.32
41. 1
41.0
40.5
41.0
40.8
41.8
39.7
40.6
41.0
41.9
40.1
40.9
4.42
4.95
4.46
4.41
4.80
5.40
4.76
4.74
4.83
5.49
4.80
4.80
SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
179.69
151.32
232.37
226.31
175.76
297.18
223.44
225. 14
297.98
36.3
39. 1
38.6
42.3
33.8
46.8
42.0
42.4
47.6
4.95
3.87
6.02
5.35
5.20
6.35
5.32
5.31
6.26
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville—Davidson
196.25
206.23
233.45
224.68
212.74
211.00
216.60
253.37
238.00
228.48
213.03
220.54
251.53
249.28
231.20
40.8
41.0
41.1
41.0
40.6
40.5
41. 1
41.4
40.0
40.8
40.5
41.3
41.1
41.0
40.0
4.81
5.03
5.68
5.48
5.24
5.21
5.27
6. 12
5.95
5.60
5.26
5.34
6.12
6.08
5.78
TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange .
Corpus Christi
'Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
231.85
256.85
179.96
319.80
265.65
217.46
159. 19
348.89
287.00
165.23
170.52
191.16
204.67
247.64
239.78
191.78
355.47
283.71
228.02
175.31
410.77
321.47
183.15
181.31
206.06
215.74
252.32
228.73
197.03
361.09
292.58
233.70
181.83
411.04
325.70
183.56
181.82
208.28
222.63
41.7
45.3
40.9
41.0
42. 1
41.5
39.5
42.6
42.9
41.0
40.6
40.5
42.2
41.0
41.2
41.6
41.0
41.6
40. 5
40.3
4 2.7
43.5
40.7
39.5
39.4
40. 1
41.5
38.9
42.1
41.6
41.5
41 .0
41.8
41.9
44.8
40.7
39. 1
39.9
41.0
5.56
5.67
4.40
7.80
6.31
5.24
4.03
8.19
6.69
4.03
4.20
4.72
4.85
6.04
5.82
4.61
8.67
6.82
5.63
4.35
9.62
7.39
4.50
4.59
5.23
5.38
6.08
5.88
4.68
8.68
7.05
5.70
4.35
9.81
7.27
4.51
4.65
5.22
5.43
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
212.50
199.24
229.70
221.48
239.95
230.87
40. 1
40.0
38.8
39.2
40.-6
41.3
5.30
4.98
5.92
5.65
5.91
5.59
VERMONT
Burlington
Springfield
193.18
217.76
219.60
214.35
245.38
243.67
212.98
238.29
244.32
40.5
41.4
41.2
41.3
43.2
41.3
40.8
42.4
41.2
4.77
5.26
5.33
5. 19
5.68
5.90
5.22
5.62
5.93
VIRGINIA
Bristol
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth
Northern Virginia 9.
Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell.
196.34
174.98
202.37
212.26
213.46
237.58
211.41
182.02
220.72
237.38
247.57
247.68
214.37
178.12
226.97
235.39
242.98
255.56
40.4
39.5
40.8
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.5
38.0
40.5
41.5
41.4
38.7
40.6
37.5
41.8
40. 1
40.7
39.5
4.86
4.43
4.96
5.28
5.35
5.91
5.22
4.79
5.45
5.72
5.98
6.40
5.28
4.75
5.43
5.87
5.97
6.47
Oklahoma City . .
Tulsa
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.
138
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas
Ave age weekly earn ingi
State and area
NOV.
1977
VIRGINIA—Continued
Richmond
$235.89
168.73
Roanoke
OCT.
1978
$254.97
192.23
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
$256.66
193.04
40.6
38.7
40.6
40.3
4U0
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
40.3
$5.81
4.36
$6.28
4.77
$6.26
4.79
.
. .
WEST V I R G I N I A
WISCONSIN
Eau Claire
»
La Crosse
Milwaukee
WYOMING
Casper
(•)
(•)
<*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•>
38.4
38.6
39.3
38.9
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
7.01
7.01
6.15
7.20
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
272.23
313.12
302.40
285.01
288.15
281.99
317.86
303.20
300.96
299.80
39.6
42.3
39.2
40.9
41.2
39.8
42.2
40.0
40.6
40.3
40.4
42.1
40.0
41.8
40.9
6.28
6.87
6.87
6.66
6.59
6.84
7.42
7.56
7.02
7. 15
6.98
7.55
7.58
7.20
7.33
264.11
261.90
257.67
264.07
288.63
224.39
273.59
289.27
285.39
• •
269.18
270.59
241.70
280.08
285.26
273.97
276.12
293.25
333.05
219.44
276.06
310.49
299.02
285.77
276.23
264.29
295.07
325.59
227.01
274.89
314.13
298.94
41.3
42.9
40.9
42. 5
38.9
41.0
39.7
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.8
40.2
42.6
40.5
39.5
39.6
41.2
41. 1
41.2
41.8
39.4
42.8
40.2
40.3
39.4
41.4
40.8
6.40
6. 10
6.30
6.21
7.43
5.47
6.90
6.99
6.87
6.91
6.56
6.87
6.89
8.23
5.56
6.98
7.53
7.27
6.94
6.61
6.71
6 .90
8.10
5.63
6.97
7.59
7.33
227.70
277.31
Seattle—Everett
Spokane
242.26
292.30
234.60
271.22
39.6
39.9
38.7
39.5
37.9
38.2
5.75
6.95
6.26
7.40
6.19
7. 10
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
1
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Metropolitan
(*)
Statistical
(*)
Area:
8
Subarea
zerne County.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
Northeast
Pennsylvania Standard
Metropolitan
Statistical
(*)
of
Northeast
(*)
(*)
Pennsylvania
Standard
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area: Lu-
9
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea o f New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea o f
awanna County.
NOV.
1977
248.69
290.60
269.30
272.39
27 1.51
WASHINGTON
7
Av<irage hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
NOV.
1978P
Area:
Area:
Lack-
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
' Not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
139
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
[Per 100 employees}
Annual
average
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Total accessions
4. 7
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.2
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1.977
1978
3. 7
3.9
4.0
4.6
4.0
3. 5
4. 1
4. 7
4.2
2.9
3.9
3.7
3. 8
3.9
3.6
3. 1
3.7
4. 1
3. 7
2. 7
3. 5
3.7
3. 2
4.4
3.7
3. 5
4. 0
4. 5
4. 1
3.2
4.2
4.0
3. 7
4.5
3.7
3.6
4. 1
4. 6
4. 5
3. 7
3.9
3.8
4. 0
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.4
5. 1
4. 0
4.5
4.6
4. 7
6. 6
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
5.4
4.5
4.8
4.9
4.8
5. 1
4.4
4. 0
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.3
5.6
5. 1
5.3
6. 1
6.3
5.5
5.2
5. 1
5.2
3. 9
3.0
2.7
3.5
4.3
3.5
3.4
4. 1
3.7
2.6
5. 1
4.2
3. 1
2. 9
3. 0
3.3
4. 0
4. 1
5.9
4. 7
4.8
5.4
5.8
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.6
5. 3
5.0
3.8
3.9
4. 8
5.2
3.8
3.7
3. 5
3.9
4. 3
3.6
3.0
3.3
4. 0
2.7
2.7
3.9
4.4
2.9
2.5
2. 5
2.9
3. 5
2.8
1.9
2.2
2.9
3. 1
1.7
1.8
3. 7
3.8
2.4
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.6
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.3
1979
N e w hires
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
3.7
2. 8
2. 6
3.3
3.9
3.2
2. 0
2. 6
2.8
3.3
2. 9
2. 0
2. 6
3.5
3.2
1. 3
2. 1
2.2
2. 5
3. 0
2. 5
1.9
2.5
3.2
2.8
1.2
2. 1
2. 1
2.2
3.4
2. 6
2.2
3. 5
2. 8
3.5
3. 1
1.3
2. 7
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.6
2.3
3.7
3.3
1.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.8
2.8
2.7
5. 4
3.9
3.5
3. 7
4. 5
4.0
2. 0
4.2
3. 1
3.5
3.6
3. 6
5. 0
4.3
2. 5
3.7
3. 9
4. 5
3. 6
4.8
3.4
3.4
4.3
4. 8
3. 9
3. 1
3.2
3.5
3. 9
1.9
2. 1
1.4
1.6
2. 1
2. 0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.6
Recalls
1.0
1.3
.7
1976
1977
1978
1.2
1. 1
1. 0
.9
.7
.6
. 5
1. 1
.9
1.0
1. 1
.9
.9
5.3
5.3
4. 8
4. 8
5.2
4. 9
4.4
4.3
4.2
4. 1
6.2
5.6
5. 5
5.5
6.5
6.2
4.7
4.9
5. 1
5.2
6.6
6.0
5.3
5.5
5. 8
5. 5
4.4
4.7
4. 8
4.8
5.4
5.3
4.3
4.4
0
2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.5
1.9
1.9
2. 1
*. 0
3.0
2.8
3.6
4.6
4.0
2. 5
2.8
3. 1
3.4
4.4
3.3
2.9
3. 5
4. 0
3.3
2. 1
2. 5
2.8
3. 0
1.6
2.3
2. 1
1. 7
1.4
1.4
2. 0
1.6
1.4
1. 0
1. 1
1. 7
1.8
.9
.8
1. 1
1.3
1. 1
1. 0
. 7
1. 1
1. 7
1.5
.9
.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1. 1
.7
.7
.5
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.2
5. 0
3.5
3.4
3.4
p
3.6
4.2
4. 1
3.8
3.7
4.0
5.2
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.0
2. 1
2.0
2. 5
3. 1
2.2
\ 6
1.7
1.9
2. 3
2. 1
1.4
1.5
2.0
2.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1. 6
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.0
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.8
1. 6
1.5
1. 1
.9
1.3
2. 1
1.5
1.0
1. 1
2.8
1. 7
1.5
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.4
1979
Total separations
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
3. 9
1. 8
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.6
3. 7
3.9
4.4
4.4
4. 0
3. 6
3.4
3.6
3. 5
3.6
2.6
2. 1
1.6
2. 0
2.5
2.4
1. 1
1. 7
1. 7
2. 0
2.7
2. 1
1. 7
2.2
2.8
2. 7
1.3
1. 7
1.9
2. 1
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.4
4. 2
3. 5
3.4
3.5
1969 . .
1970 . .
1971 . .
. .
..
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
4, 5
4.3
2.4
2.0
1.5
1.9
2.5
2.3
1.0
1.6
1.6
1.8
4.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
4. 5
4.2
3. 7
3. 6
3. 5
4. 0
1979 ..
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1975 . .
1976 . .
1977 . .
2.7
2. 1
1.8
2.3
2.8
2.4
1.4
1. 7
1.8
1978 . .
2.3
2. 1
1.5
1. 7
2.3
2.2
1. 1
1.3
1.4
1.5
2. 1
1.9
1.3
1.6
2. 1
2.0
.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
2. 6
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2.8
2. 5
1.4
1.8
1.9
2.2
1979 . .
Layoffs
1969 . .
1.2
1970 . .
1. 8
1971 ..
1.6
1972 ..
1. 1
1973 ..
. 9
1974 ..
1.5
1975 . .
2. 1
1976 . .
1.3
1977 ..
1. 1
1.2
.7
.9
.5
.1
1978 . .
1979 . .
(^preliminary.
140
4.0
1. 6
1.7
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.4
1. 1
1.3
2.9
1. 0
1.4
.9
1.0
1.6
1.4
1. 1
.8
1. 1
2.5
1. 1
1.0
.9
.9
1.7
1.4
1. 0
.7
.9
2. 1
1. 1
.9
.7
.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.8
1.8
.9
.8
.7
1.0
1.5
1.2
1. 1
.7
.8
1.6
.9
.8
.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry
Separation rates
Accession rstM
1972
SIC
Code
Layoffs
New hires
Industry
Oct.
1978
MANUFACTURING
4.3
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1978
Nov.
19781
3.3
3.5
2.5
Oct.
1978
Nov.
19781
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 p
Nov
19781
Oct.
1978
1978J
0.5
0.5
4. 0
3.6
2.3
1. 7
0. 9
.4
.4
3.6
3. 1
1. 9
1.5
.6
.7
4.8
4. 3
2.7
2. 1
1.2
1.5
1978
1.0
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-3
DURABLE GOODS
4.0
3. 1
3.3
2.4
NONDURABLE GOODS
4.7
3.6
3.8
2.7
.7
24
242
2421
243
2431
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
5.7
4.6
3.8
5.8
4.7
9.2
9.8
11.8
5. 7
4.5
5. 1
4.0
3.3
5. 1
4.2
8.5
9. 1
11.2
5.1
3.9
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.6
.4
.4
6.4
4.6
4.0
6.6
7.0
9.6
10.9
12.3
5.6
5. 1
4. 0
3.0
2. 5
3.9
3.4
7.4
7.4
8.3
3.8
3.0
1. 1
.5
.5
1.5
2.5
1. 1
1.3
1.3
1. 1
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
6.7
7.2
7.6
6.5
6.3
4.9
6.9
5.0
6.1
6.5
7.0
5.9
5.6
4.6
6.4
4.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.6
. 1
.4
6.0
6.3
6.8
5.2
6.3
3.3
7.9
5.0
4. 1
4.5
5.2
4.0
3. 7
2.2
4.0
3. 1
.5
.4
.2
.2
.8
.2
1.8
.7
32
322
3221
3.8
2.6
2.7
2.5
5.6
1.3
6.6
4.0
4.5
3.2
2.8
3.2
1.6
1.8
1.4
4.5
1.2
6.1
3.3
4.0
2.8
2.3
.5
.7
.6
.8
1.0
. 1
.5
.3
.4
.3
3.9
3.2
3.4
2.9
4.0
1.2
6.0
4.2
4.7
3. 1
3.5
329
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
2. 1
1. 1
1.2
1. 1
2.5
.6
4.3
2.6
2. 7
1.6
33
331
3312
332
3321
3325
333
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
2.7
2.0
1.7
4.0
3.8
4.4
1.4
2. 1
2.0
1.5
2.2
5.6
5.5
2.3
1.9
.8
.6
3.4
3.2
3.5
1. 1
1.7
1.8
1.5
2.6
2.2
2. 1
3. 7
3.5
3.7
1.4
1.7
1.8
1. 1
1.4
4.4
3.4
2.2
34
341
3411
342
3423, 5
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
4.5
2.8
2.7
4. 1
3.6
4.4
4. 7
5.2
6.0
7. 1
2.9
6.0
4.5
5.3
3.8
3.7
3. 1
2.9
4.8
7.7
2.6
4.3
2.8
6.3
3.4
DURABLE GOODS
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452
3*6
3462
3465
3469
347
3*°
349
3494
3496
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
.9
1.6
4.5
4.5
3.9
1.4
1. 1
3. 7
3. 1
4. 1
3.9
4.6
5. 1
6.6
2.4
5.4
4.2
5. 1
3.4
3.0
2.8
1.8
4.4
7.0
1.9
3.8
2.4
5. 9
2.8
.2
4.2
6.7
7. 3
3.6
3. 1
3.8
4. 1
4. 7
5. 1
6.5
2.5
5.2
3.2
4. 0
2.5
3.6
1.9
3.3
4.6
7.0
1.7
3.5
2.2
5. 7
1.0
1.3
.6
.6
. 1
.6
.5
1.0
.6
1
.5
.3
1.9
1.9
1
.5
.8
.8
.2
.8
2.3
2.0
2.3
.8
.6
2.0
2.0
2. 1
2.1
2
3. 1
4.3
1.5
3. 1
2.2
2. 9
1.6
1. 7
2
4.2
1
2
1.4
4.3
1.0
4.4
5. I 1
.7
.4
.9
.9
. 7
.7
.7
.2
1. 0
. 1
.1
.2
.9
. 1
1.3
.8
1.2
.2
.3
.2
.5
See footnotes at end of table.
141
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry—Continued
Accession rates
1972
SIC
Code
Total
New hires
Separation rates
Recalls
Total
Layoffs
Quits
Industry
Oct.
1978
Nov
1978 P
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
2.8
1.3
.4
1.7
3. 0
2.7
2.8
2.3
4. 0
2. 7
2.5
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.2
3. 0
2!3
2.2
2.3
2.5
3.0
2.9
2. 6
2. 5
4.5
2.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0.3
.3
(')
.5
1.2
1.3
. 1
. 1
. 1
.4
.2
.7
.1
.2
.2
.6
.1
. 1
.2
.2
. 1
. 1
# 4
.5
.2
3.0
2.4
2. 7
2. 1
1.7
1.2
1.6
2.7
1. 1
.6
5.2
3.5
1.6
3.2
4. 3
4. 1
2.3
1.9
2.4
4.2
2. 0
3.3
5.4
3.4
3.4
2.2
2.5
2.2
1.6
2.8
2.4
6.5
2.4
2. 1
2.0
3.8
4.3
3. 8
6. 1
2.0
1.2
1.1
5. 1
-
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
356
3561
3562
3564
357
3573
358
3585
359
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
3.4
2.1
1.2
2.5
5.0
4.8
3.0
2.5
4. 3
3-. 3
2.7
3.9
3.3
2. 8
2.5
3. 8
Z.%
2.4
3. 1
2.8
3.5
3.4
3. 2
3. 3
4.9
2. 6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
'ndustrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
3.9
3.4
3.8
3.0
2.3
1.8
2.6
4.3
3.5
1.6
6.6
4.2
2.8
3.7
2.8
_
—
_
—
_
-
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3.5
3.0
2.3
3.0
3.4
7.0
3.0
2.8
2.4
4.2
6.9
6. 9
6.7
4.3
2.6
2.8
6.0
-
3732
374
376
3761
379
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
EnoineerinQ 3nd scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
3. 1
2.8
3. 1
3.3
3. 3
2.9
3.0
See footnotes at end of table.
142
6.3
6. 7
2. 7
2.3
2.9
5.0
3. 0
3.8
6. 1
4.1
4.2
..
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
—
—
-
—
-
-
2.7
2.6.
2. 6
2.5
2. 7
2.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
-
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
-
-
—
-
1978
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.5
.7
.7
.3
.8
.3
.4
.2
.6
.7
. 1
.2
. 1
.4
. 1
.4
.5
.3
.3
.6
.4
.2
.2
.5
.3
.3
.3
. 1
.2
2.5
3. 0
.5
1.5
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1978
0.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2.5
1.6
2. 1
1. 3
3.8
4.0
2.3
1.8
2. 9
2.4
1.3
3. 1
2.3
2. 0
2.3
2. 7
2!3
2.0
1.8
2. 8
2. 1
1.8
3. 4
3. 6
3.6
Z.I
_
3.4
3.5
3. 6
3. 5
2.0
1.6
2. 5
6.0
6.4
6.6
7.8
3.7
2. 1
3. 5
5. 7
6. 3
1.8
1.7
1.8
3.9
2. 6
2.4
5.2
3.3
3.7
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.5
4.0
2.5
7.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
2.3
6.0
6. 3
5.2
2. 6
1.2
1. 1
6.7
-
2.8
1.9
2. 8
2.8
2. 5
3! 4
2.3
~~
~~
-~
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.3
_
_
—
_
-*
~
—
—
-
-
—
-
.9
—
1. 1
.6
2.5
-
. 1
. 1
.2
.4
# 2
. 1
.2
-
Nov
1978P
_
_
_
_
I
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
-
Oct.
1978
1.4
.6
.4
. 7
1.5
1.5
1.3
Nov.
1978
1. 1
0.3
_
_
.9
1. 9
1.4
.7
1.8
1. 5
1. 2
K4
1 6
\.Z
1.1
.8
1. 6
1.3
1.2
1. 3
1. 2
1.4
I
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
.9
2.0
1. 1
.7
3.4
2. 1
.8
2. 1
2.4
2.4
1. 1
.9
1. 1
2.5
.9
1.5
3.5
1.7
1.8
1.3
1. 1
—
-
2. 1
1. 0
3.6
.8
.6
.5
1.6
2. 7
2. 3
3 ^
.8
.5
.4
3.7
1.8
1.3
1. 8
1. 7
2.6
.2
1978P
0.4
_
_
1.2
.3
.4
_
_
(i)
V /
.2
. 1
.3
. 1
.2
'. 1
_
_
_
_
.*4
.3
.2
.5
. 1
_
_
_
-
.6
.7
.3
_
-
-
.6
.5
. 1
1.3
_
—
—
—
_
-
_
—
_
_
_
_
-
.5
.3
.7
.4
.3
.7
2.3
2.5
5. 1
3.0
.5
. 1
.5
1. 0
1. 2
.2
.2
.3
.2
. 1
—
-
.5
.5
.6
-
.6
.4
.5
.9
—
.1
Nov.
.1
1. 1
_
_
_
1.7
1.6
1. 9
1.4
1. 0
.8
Oct.
1978P
—
-
-
.9
.3
1. 1
. 1
. 1
-
n
.1
2.2
-
2.7
—
—
-
1.4
—
—
'.4
.4
.2
.2
1.8
—
-
.3
.2
#
.3
1
. 1
. 1
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry —Continued
Accession rates
1972
SIC
Code
Separation rates
New hires
Total
Total
Recalls
Quits
Layoffs
Industry
Oct.
1978
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
39
Nov.
1978P
1978 P
1978P
Oct.
1978
_
_
-
2. 8
3. 8
4.6
3. 5
3.4
1.3
3. 1
_
_
_
_
-
5. 6
5. 6
5. 0
7. 6
10. 9
4. 0
3.8
6. 0
4. 2
3. 7
4.9
5. 7
2. 5
3. 0
11. 5
2. 9
7.9
3. 7
2. 5
2. 7
1. 9
7.2
4. 1
3.4
1. 1
4.4
5. 7
3.4
-
2.3
1. 0
-
. 5
.2
4.2
3.4
4.3
4. 6
4. 5
4. 6
6. 7
5.4
4.2
5. 0
3. 5
2. 6
4. 3
5. 8
3*. 3
3.3
-
. 5
.3
.3
.4
.4
. 6
. 7
.3
.4
. 5
. 9
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
_
_
-
1. 7
3. 0
3. 7
2. 6
5.3
1. 7
5. 8
_
_
_
_
-
1.3
1. 9
2. 5
1. 6
2. 7
1.3
2. 6
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
.3
.3
1. 8
. 1
1. 7
_
_
_
_
-
6.4
5.4
4.3
10. 0
13. 8
6.0
3.9
6. 6
4. 8
6. 5
3. 8
3! 8
3.0
5.8
8.4
3. 1
2.2
4.4
2. 5
2. 7
1. 2
2 .5
—
—
-
.4
1. 5
1. 5
1.4
.4
1.4
1.3
7. 5
6.5
-
3. 6
4. 6
1. 7
2.4
10. 6
2.3
6. 8
2. 5
2. 1
2. 3
1. 5
2. 6
2. 0
2. 6
. 6
3. 8
4. 1
2. 8
—
-
3.0
1.3
2. 1
1. 5
. 1
. 7
11. 6
1. 1
. 9
. 6
2. 6
2. 7
. 7
2. 0
3. 7
. 9
3.2
3.0
3. 1
1.0
-
1.4
.2
. 8
-
5.1
4.3
4.8
5.2
4. 7
5. 8
5. 5
5. 1
6.2
5.4
5. 1
4.6
—
-
3. 5
3. 1
3. 5
3.3
3. 1
3. 8
4.4
4. 1
3. 7
4.3
3. 1
4. 5
4.4
6. 5
4.0
-
2. 2
3.2
A 7
-
2.3
5. 7
3. 9
5. 8
5.3
5. 1
6.8
5. 6
5.4
5.6
4.7
5. 6
5. 7
6. 7
5. 5
—
—
3.6
1. 9
4.2
4.0
3.9
5.2
3. 1
4. 0
4.3
2. 6
3. 6
3. 8
3. 9
2. 6
-
2. 8
1.3
1. 1
2.4
1.4
. 5
.5
1.2
Nov.
Oct.
1978
Nov
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
399
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures
3. 0
4.2
4. 9
4. 0
3. 6
1. 5
3. 8
5
6
8
8
6
8
2
0
1
4. 3
6. 6
7. 0
4. 1
3. 6
13.0
3.4
13. 0
4.4
2.8
2. 9
2.4
10. 8
5.3
4. 7
3. 1
5. 0
7. 1
4. 8
6.
6.
5.
8.
11.
5.
4.
7.
5.
—
-
_
—
-
n2
.
. 1
.3
.2
n2
.
. 7
. 8
.4
0. 5
—
—
-
.9
. 4
1.4
.2
1. 0
. 6
_
-
n3
.
'.9
—
—
-
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
203
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
,
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
3.3
1.9
22
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
5.
4.
5.
5.
5.
21
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
227
228
229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
234
2341
2342
236
238
239
26
261,2,6
262
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
1
5
0
3
1
5.4
7. 5
5. 8
4. 8
5. 6
4. 6
3. 6
4.9
6. 8
4. 1
—
—
-
4. 1
—
—
-
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
5. 8
3. 5
5. 6
5.3
5.4
6. 9
5. 8
5. 9
6.3
4. 6
5. 5
6. 0
6.9
4.4
-
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
2. 9
1.2
2.2
1. 1
-
-
-
-
1. 5
. 8
1. 1
. 5
. 6
.3
4. 9
.5
.2
.2
.3
3. 2
1. 1
1. 1
2. 0
.3
1.2
1.2
-
!
~
-
-
.6
-
. 7
.4
L
-
-
.5
-
4.4
2. 5
4.4
4.3
4.3
5. 7
4. 0
5.2
5.4
4.2
4.3
4. 8
5. 7
3. 1
—
—
1. 1
. 8
. 9
. 7
1.0
1. 1
1. 5
. 5
. 6
.2
1.0
. 9
1. 1
1.0
—
-
2.4
1.0
. 9
1. 7
.3
. 1
. 1
.3
-
6.9
4.7
4. 7
11. 8
3.7
19.7
4. 5
3.7
3.4
5. 0
6.3
3.3
5. 5
4. 6
5. 7
8.0
2. 6
—
—
-
—
n
. 7
.2
.2
1.0
. 7
1.2
.3
.3
1. 9
. 5
1.0
1. 4
.2
. 6
. 6
-
-
1.0
—
-
1.2
1. 5
1. 0
.6
. 8
. 9
1. 5
. 5
.4
.8
1. 1
1.2
1.4
2.0
—
—
.5
.3
.3
. 6
See footnotes at end of table.
143
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates by industry—Continued
Separation rates
1972
SIC
Layoffs
Quits
Industry
Oct.
1978
Nov
1978 1
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1978
Nov..
1978 1
Oct.
1978
Nov. 1
1978
Oct.
1978
Nov
1978*
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1978
p
263
264
265
2651
2653
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
2.0
3.6
3.8
3.1
3.7
27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
278
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Bankbooks and bookbinding
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.3
4.9
3.6
3.8
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.2
4. 1
2.8
.3
. 1
.3
.6
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
287
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
.7
.3
.2
.1
.3
.7
1.9
2. 1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.2
1. 1
2.5
2.2
1.3
1.4
1.0
.9
.8
1.0
.5
7
9
9
5
9
9
.8
1.9
1.8
1.0
.2
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
1.9
1.5
3.5
1.1
1.7
1.2
3. 1
.9
30
301
302
303.4
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
5.7
2.2
9.7
4.2
4.9
1.3
8.2
3.3
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
7. 1
5.3
7.4
7.7
7.5
5.4
5.7
3.5
6.0
6.6
5.2
4. 1
1.0
1.6
1.0
.7
1.6
1. 1
8.2
7.2
8.8
8.3
9.8
6.9
5.0
2.9
5.6
6.1
5.3
3.8
2. 1
3.4
2.0
1. 1
3. 1
2.0
4.5
4.2
3.7
3.0
.5
.6
4. 1
4. 0
2.8
2.4
.4
.7
2.9
1.4
1.5
3.5
2.4
.7
2. 1
.2
.2
. 1
1.0
3.0
3.1
1.3
2.3
1.5
.2
.6
1.2
.8
2. 1
.2
.6
1.8
1.5
1.0
.3
.3
1.4
1.7
.8
.6
.1
.6
4.7
.7
.9
6.3
5.6
4.6
4.0
.4
.4
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
1.5
2.9
3.3
2.8
3.3
5.1
5.1
6.6
0.2
.8
.6
.6
.3
0.5
3.3
3.2
2.8
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.1
4.5
3.0
2.2
2.6
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.7
2.9
1.9
.2
6
2
0
0
3
6
3
5
3.2
2.8
4.1
2.2
1.0
2.1
2.0
1.3
.7
.6
.4
.5
.6
.3
.8
.9
1.0
.6
1. 1
1.2
.4
1.1
1.0
.6
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
. 1
.2
1.6
1.7
2.1
.4
.2
.4
.4
1.6
1.0
3.7
2. 1
.8
.4
2. 1
.6
.2
. 1
.7
5. 1
1.8
7.7
4.5
3.2
.6
2.4
.2
.5
.3
1. 1
.6
.5
.2
.2
.7
.7
.8
1.0
.7
.8
5.9
.7
.4
.6
2.4
2.4
3.9
4.0
4. 1
6.1
.4
.4
.6
4.4
4.3
5.8
1.0
1.9
1.9
1.3
1.9
1.7
3.7
3.6
2.9
3.2
0. 1
.5
.3
.3
.2
0.5
.6
.5
.9
1.0
NONMANUFACTURING:
MINING
METAL MINING
Iron ores
10
101
102
1.0
Copper ores
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING
13
131.2
6.9
14
142
144
COMMUNICATION:
Telephone communication
1
6.4
5.8
1.3
9.1
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
138
1.1
..
Leu than 0.05.
144
1.9
10.6
3. 1
2.8
3.8
1.4
2.4
2.8
2.5
3.2
1.5
9.7
.3
1.0
2.0
.3
.2
.6
.3
3. 1
2.9
4.3
.8
1. 1
p= preliminary.
#
- not available.
.2
.5
.9
7.3
4.3
1.8
1.8
2.3
.4
1.6
.6
.6
1.0
.1
1.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
D-3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
(Per 100 employees]
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total accessions
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.7
3.7
4.3
5.2
4.6
3. 1
3.7
3. 8
3.8
5. 1
4.5
3.2
4.9
4.7
3.8
4.8
4.5
3.6
4.2
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
4.8
3.8
4.3
5.0
4. 7
3.0
1969
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.0
5.0
4. 1
3.8
4.7
4. 1
3.8
4.5
3.9
4.0
1.7
3.9
1.0
4.6
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.7
4. 0
4.7
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.6
4.2
4.0
3.8
4.6
4. 1
4.0
3.7
1.8
1.0
3.8
3.7
4.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.7
3. 1
3.9
4. 0
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.8
4. 1
4.4
5.0
3.3
3. 9
3.8
p4. 1
P
4. 5
3.5
2.4
2. 7
3.7
4. 1
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.9
P
3.4
3.5
2.4
2. 9
4.0
3.8
1.9
2.5
2.6
3.3
4.6
3.8
4.2
New hires
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
3.7
3.3
2.4
3.0
4. 0
3.8
1.6
2.6
2.7
3. 1
.
1979
. . . .
3.8
3.2
2.4
3. 1
4.2
3.7
1.6
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.9
2.9
2.4
3.2
4. 1
3.6
1.5
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.8
2.8
2.5
3.2
4.0
3.5
1.7
2.8
2.8
3. 1
3. 7
2.7
2.5
3.3
4.0
3.5
1.8
2. 7
3.0
3.0
3.9
2. 8
2.5
3.2
3.8
3.3
1.9
2.7
3.7
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.2
2.3
2.6
3.5
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.7
3. 1
2.3
2.5
3.7
2. 6
2.6
3.4
3.8
3.0
2.3
2.4
3.0
2.9
2.8
3. 1
3.6
2.5
2.5
3.6
3.9
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.8
3.4
5.0
5.0
4. 1
4. 1
4.7
4.8
3.8
3.9
3.7
3. 9
4.9
4.7
4. 1
4.3
4.8
5. 1
3.8
3.7
3.9
P
4.0
4.9
4.4
4. 1
4.4
4.8
4.9
3.5
3.7
3.9
. . .
Total separations
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
4.6
5.0
.
.
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.2
4.8
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.9
4.8
4.2
4. 1
4.2
4.2
4.2
i
t.5
t. 9
L 6
t. 0
$.9
>.9
\
>.9
4.2
4.6
4.7
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.7
4.9
4.8
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.7
2.7
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
1. 9
2.7
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.3
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.7
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.9
2.0
1.5
1.6
1.9
2. 3
2.7
1.8
1.9
2.5
2.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
D2.0
P
2. 2
2. 6
1. 9
1.9
2.6
2.7
1.7
1. 5
1. 7
2. 0
1.1
1.9
2.0
1. 1
1.0
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.3
.9
1.2
1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
1. 1
. 9
1.3
2.0
1.4
. 9
1.0
2.4
1.5
1.3
1.0
p
. 8
1.4
1. 7
1.3
. 9
1. 1
2.5
1.3
1.2
.
5. 1
5.2
3.6
4. 0
3.8
5.0
5. 0
3.6
4. 1
3.8
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.5
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.7
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.0
i
i.
Oiits
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 . . .
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
2.7
2.4
1.8
2. 1
2.8
2.7
1.4
1. 6
1.9
2. 0
2.7
2.5
1.7
2. 1
2.9
2.8
1.3
1.7
1.9
2. 0
2.8
2.3
1. 7
2.2
2.9
2.7
1.2
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.8
2.3
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.2
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.3
1.7
1.9
2. 1
2.7
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.5
1.4
1.7
1. 8
2. 1
1.1
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.7
1.8
2. 0
Layoffs
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 .
1. 1
1.5
1.7
1.2
.9
1.4
2.9
1.2
1.3
.9
1. 1
1.7
1.5
1.2
.8
1.3
2.9
1.0
1.4
.9
1. 1
1.8
1.5
1. 1
.9
1.2
2. 7
1.2
1. 1
1.0
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.2
.8
1. 1
2.6
1.3
1. 1
.9
1. 1
1.9
1.6
1.2
.9
1.0
2.5
1.3
1. 1
1.0
1. 1
1.9
1.5
1.4
.9
1. 1
2.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
i
i
L.5
.5
.4
.2
.2
.7
.4
.2
. 9
1.9
L. 1
L.O
.9
L.3
L.7
.4
L. 1
.8
1.0
preliminary.
145
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[Per 100 employees ]
Separation rates
Accession rates
New hires
Total
Sept.
1978
ALABAMA:
Oct.
1978 P
Sept. Oct. Sept.
1978 1978 P 978
Layoffs
Quits
O c t . - Sept.
1978 P 1978
Sept.
Oct.
1978 P 197S
Oct.
1978P
.
ARKANSAS
...
...
Fort Smith
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
2
COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
CONNECTICUT
Hartford
DELAWARE
Wilmington
..
FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
...
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St Petersburg
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton
GEORGIA
Atlanta 4
5
IDAHO 6
1. 2
1. 5
0. 6
3. 6
0. 6
4. 0
12. 4
12. 3
11. 7
1. 4
. 5
2.8
27. 1
1. 5
8. 0
0. 7
16.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
6.
7.
4.
4.
6.
6.
4.
3.
2
9
9
4
5. 4
6. 0
3.8
3. 5
. 6
. 4
. 5
.8
1.
.
.
.
1
1
9
6
7. 7
8.4
7. 9
4. 6
7. 1
9.8
6.4
3. 8
5.
6.
3.
3.
5
0
6
2
4. 6
5. 3
3.2
2. 6
1.
1.
2.
.
1.
3.
2.
.
10. 6
5.4
5.8
6.0
6. 7
5. 0
. 4
.2
3.8
. 3
6. 9
6. 0
4. 6
4. 0
5. 2
4. 6
2.8
2.9
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
2.8
2.4
2. 4
1.8
1. 5
1. 2
1. 6
1. 0
..4
. 4
.2
. 1
2. 5
2. 5
2. 0
1. 7
1. 2
1. 1
9
. 7
. 7
. 9
6. 7
5.9
5. 5
6. 5
5. 5
5. 6
1. 1
. 5
1. 1
. 2
5.8
6. 5
5. 1
5. 3
4. 0
5. 0
3. 4
3. 6
. 7
. 4
. 6
. 6
6.2
4.6
1. 5
8. 1
4. 7
6.
6.
1.
7.
5.
5.
4.
1.
7.
4.
2
0
5
0
4
5. 5
5.9
1. 3
7. 0
4.4
.8
. 5
3
( )
. 9
. 3
.
.
.
.
.
4.
4.
2.
7.
4.
5.
4.
1.
7.
2.
3
7
4
3
5
3. 4
3. 2
1. 1
5.4
3. 0
3. 7
2. 6
. 8
5. 3
1.8
. 5
. 4
.8
. 9
. 7
. 5
. 6
. 2
. 7
3
()
4. 5
3. 7
4. 1
3. 8
3. 8
3. 1
. 5
. 4
. 4
. 4
5. 0
4. 2
4. 1
3. 2
3. 6
2. 6
2. 9
1. 9
. 4
. 4
. 3
. 4
3. 1
1. 5
1. 6
1. 5
1. 4
2. 7
1. 6
1. 2
.8
. 8
2
5. 2
5. 5
4. 7
. 5
. 4
6. 7
5. 1
4. 5
3.8
1. 2
. 5
4. 0
. . .
1. 7
2.4
6.4
..
2. 7
6. 3
3. 1
. .
Phoenix
3.4
7. 2
4. 8
4. 5
ARIZONA
0. 5
7. 3
6.8
7. 1
ALASKA
0. 5
3. 0
7. 2
8. 1
5.8
4. 5
. . . .
1.9
1.3
(*)
(*)
. . .
2.2
2.2
(*)
(*)
.
2.8
8.8
6. 3
6.4
!
3. 0
5. 4
3. 9
Birmingham
Mobile
HAWAII
Sept.
Oct.
1978 P 1978
Total
Recalls
4. 0
3.4
3. 3
. 2
.2
4. 0
3. 7
2. 6
2. 1
.2
. 3
. 5
.. 3
4. 3
3. 0
3. 3
3. 0
2. 2
1.8
1. 7
1. 3
1. 3
. 3
. 8
. 6
6
1
9
4
1
2
7
7
2
ILLINOIS:
Chicago SMSA
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
5
3
4
5
8
9
5
1
5
1
0
0
7
9
. 6
. 3
3
0
3
6
1. 0
. 2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.
. 5
. 6
. . . .
3. 7
3. 6
3. 5
3. 2
2.8
2. 7
2. 5
2. 1
. 5
. 2
...
4. 4
3.2
5. 7
3. 7
2. 6
5. 5
3. 5
2. 6
4. 1
3. 0
2. 0
3. 7
. 7
. 4
. 9
. 4
. 4
. 1
4. 0
2. 9
5. 0
3. 2
3.8
3. 9
2. 7
1. 6
3. 3
2. 0
1. 3
2. 6
. 6
. 6
. 4
. 5
1.8
. 2
6. 7
2. 0
7. 8
5. 4
3. 2
6. 3
6. 1
1. 9
6.9
4. 7
2. 2
5. 5
. 3
. 1
. 4
. 5
1. 0
. 5
5. 9
4. 4
5. 4
4. 2
1. 9
4. 0
4. 2
2. 0
4. 1
3. 0
1. 2
2. 5
. 6
1. 9
. 1
. 3
. 7
. 1
3.8
3. 2
3.8
3. 1
2. 7
1.8
2. 6
1. 5
.6
.6
.8
4. 0
4. 5
3. 3
3. 0
2. 0
1. 7
1. 7
1. 1
. 9
1. 2
. 7
. 4
5. 1
5. 7
4. 4
5. 0
. 5
. 4
4. 6
5. 0
3. 1
2. 9
. 4
1. 0
6. 7
5. 4
6. 3
5. 0
5.6
4.8
5.0
4.6
.8
. 4
1. 0
. 2
8.4
7. 9
5. 5
5. 7
5. 6
6. 1
3. 5
3. 2
1. 7
.8
1. 1
1. 7
3. 9
4. 0
2. 9
2. 5
2. 3
1. 9
2. 0
1. 8
1. 4
1. 9
3. 3
2.9
2. 6
2. 3
1. 7
1. 3
1. 3
1. 1
. 9
. 9
. 7
4. 7
4. 1
(*)
4. 0
3.4
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
4. 5
4. 0
(*)
(*)
3. 0
2. 5
(*)
(*)
. 6
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
INDIANA
Indianapolis
. . . .
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
.
..
.
.
.
..
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
KENTUCKY
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. . .
Louisville
. 2
LOUISIANA
New Orleans
.
...
MAINE
Portland
MARYLAND
Baltimore
..
.
. . .
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
MICHIGAN
.. .
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing-East Lansing
See footnotes at end of table.
146
....
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)•
(
*
)
(
*
)
(
*
)
(
*
)
(
*
)
. 5
. 4
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.6
.6
.5
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
. 6
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4.
Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
New hires
Total
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978P
Sept.
1978
Oct.
Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
Layoffs
Quits
Total
Recalls
Oct.
Sept.
1978 P 1978
Sept.
Oct.
1978 P 1978
Sept.
Oct.
9 7 8 P Q78
Oct.
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis—St Paul
5. 3
4. 3
4. 6
3. 7
4. 6
3.8
3. 9
3. 3
0. 5
. 3
0. 5
. 2
5. 9
4. 1
4. 9
3. 6
4. 5
3. 2
2. 7
2. 2
0.8
. 3
1. 6
. 6
MISSISSIPPI:
Jackson
6. 2
5. 5
5. 2
4. 6
. 7
. 5
4. 5
6. 1
2. 7
3. 1
. 3
1. 5
3. 9
3. 7
3. 1
3. 6
3. 8
2.8
3. 2
3. 2
2. 4
2. 8
3. 2
2. 1
. 4
. 3
. 4
. 6
. 5
. 5
4. 0
3. 7
3. 1
3. 7
3.4
2. 9
2. 5
2. 4
1. 5
2. 0
2. 1
1. 2
. 7
. 4
. 7
.8
. 5
.8
MISSOURI
Kansas City .
....
St Louis
(*)
(*)
MONTANA
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
NEBRASKA
5. 9
5. 0
5.4
4. 5
. 4
. 2
5. 3
4. 9
4. 2
3. 3
. 2
. 8
NEVADA
9. 0
9- 4
8. 5
9- 0
. 4
. 2
8. 9
7.4
6. 6
5. 7
. 4
. 4
NEW HAMPSHIRE
5. 3
5. 3
4. 7
4.8
. 4
. 3
5. 5
4. 6
4. 1
3. 5
. 5
. 3
3. 4
5. 1
3. 3
3. 9
4. 6
4. 4
3.2
3.8
4. 6
2. 7
3. 0
3. 9
3. 3
3. 2
2. 7
4. 3
2. 4
2.8
4. 1
3. 2
2. 4
3. 0
3.8
2. 1
2. 4
3. 5
2.8
2. 2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.
4.
3.
3.
5.
4.
3.
1
9
6
7
0
0
1
3.
5.
3.
2.
4.
3.
3.
2
0
6
7
0
6
1
2.
3.
1.
2.
2.
2.
1.
0
0
7
0
9
3
5
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
3
5
2
2
9
5
1
. 6
.8
1. 0
. 6
. 5
. 6
. 7
.
1.
1.
.
.
1.
1.
4. 5
2. 9
3.4
4. 0
4.0
2. 5
6. 1
5. 3
5. 1
5. 4
3. 8
2.8
2. 9
3. 5
3. 9
2. 5
3. 0
2. 5
2. 5
2. 0
6. 2
5. 0
4. 8
5. 0
2. 7
3. 2
2.8
3. 5
3. 1
1. 7
3. 0
2. 0
1.8 •
1.8
4.8
3. 6
3. 3
3. 4
2.8
2. 4
2. 3
2. 7
2. 6
1. 5
2. 7
1. 5
1. 6
1. 7
4. 8
3. 2
2. 7
2.8
2. 1
2. 5
2. 0
2. 6
1.2
. 6
. 2
1. 7
2. 0
. 6
1. 1
1. 5
1. 6
1.8
.8
. 3
. 5
. 6
1. 1
. 4
. 2
. 7
. 6
. 1
1. 3
1.8
1. 9
2. 1
. 4
. 5
. 7
. 4
4. 2
3.8
3. 1
3. 1
3. 5
2.9
5. 9
4.9
4.6
4. 8
3.9
3. 5
3. 0
3. 4
3.
3.
2.
3.
2.
1.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
2.
2.
2.
6
3
3
1
5
9
5
3
3
6
0
4
5
2
2.
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
4.
2.
1.
.1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
2
6
1
5
5
3
1
2
7
7
9
7
6
0
1.
1.
1.
.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
4
0
5
8
3
3
8
6
3
3
7
1
1
0
1.
1.
.
1.
.
.
.
1.
1.
2.
.
1.
.
.
1
2
2
0
5
1
7
6
9
1
4
1
7
6
1. 4
1. 2
. 2
1. 4
. 2
. 2
. 6
2. 0
2. 3
2. 6
.8
. 6
. 9
.5
5. 8
5. 9
5. 0
5. 3
6.2
4.8
5. 0
5. 3
4. 6
4. 6
5. 4
4. 3
. 5
. 4
. 1
. 4
. 6
. 2
5. 2
6. 0
4. 5
4. 6
5. 3
4. 0
4. 0
5. 0
3. 6
3. 5
4. 3
3. 0
. 2
. 1
. 1
02
.
11. 1
8. 7
8. 7
6. 2
7.4
5. 5
6. 0
5. 5
3. 5
2. 9
1. 9
. 1
7. 2
7. 2
6.4
4. 5
6. 0
3. 7
4. 0
3. 6
. 3
2. 5
1. 7
. 1
3.
2.
3.
2.
3.
3.
2.
3.
2.
3
1
4
9
5
0
6
4
5
2.8
2. 1
2. 7
2.8
3. 4
2. 6
2. 2
3. 0
2.8
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
.
5
3
2
3
9
5
1
8
9
2. 1
1. 7
1. 7
2. 5
2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2. 0
. 9
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
3. 6
2. 3
3.8
3. 2
3. 4
3. 6
2. 7
3. 5
3. 2
3. 2
1. 5
2. 5
2. 5
3. 0
3. 0
2. 9
2.4
2. 7
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1
0
3
0
1
0
7
2
1
1. 4
.8
1. 1
1. 3
1. 4
1. 7
1. 0
. 9
. 5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.
1.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.
7. 4
7. 2
7. 5
6.9
7. 0
7. 0
6. 7
6. 5
7. 0
6. 3
6.4
6. 5
. 5
. 6
. 3
. 5
. 5
. 3
6.8
6. 7
7. 4
6. 1
6. 0
5. 9
5. 2
5. 3
4. 9
4. 5
4. 5
4. 1
. 6
. 4
1. 3
. 6
. 5
. 4
OREGON 1
Portland*
4. 7
5. 2
4.8
6. 3
4. 0
4. 5
4. 1
5. 3
. 5
. 5
. 5
. 9
6. 0
6.2
4. 2
5. 4
4. 0
3.8
2. 6
2. 9
1. 1
1. 5
. 8
1. 4
PENNSYLVANIA
3. 2
2.9
1. 9
3. 5
3. 1
3. 0
3. 6
3.
1.
1.
3.
2.
3.
3.
2. 3
1.9
1. 0
2.8
2. 5
1.2
3. 3
2. 1
1. 2
.9
2. 0
1.8
.8
3. 1
. 7
.8
. 7
. 3
. 3
1.8
. 1
. 6
. 3
. 3
. 7
. 3
2.6
. 2
3.4
3. 1
2. 7
3.4
3.9
4. 0
4. 3
2. 7
1.9
2. 5
2.8
2. 6
3. 0
3. 6
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
1.
3.
1.2
1. 0
1. 0
1. 3
1. 5
. 9
2. 4
.8
. 7
1. 1
. 5
. 8
2. 2
. 5
.
.
1.
.
.
1.
.
(*)
(*)
NEW JERSEY:
Camden
Hackensack
Jersey City
Newark
New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton
.
.
.
. . .
NEW YORK
Albany—Schenectady—Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County
....
Nassau-Suffolk 1 0
New York and Nassau-Suffolk
New York S M S A 1 0
New York City u
Rochester
Syracuse . . . .
. . . .
.
. . .
. .
Utica—Rome
Westchester County **
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte—Gastonia
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo— Moo rhead
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
. . . .
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
....
Toledo
Youngstown—Warren . .
OKLAHOMA
..
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
12
A l l e n t o w n - Bethlehem—Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
...
.
. .
...
0
7
5
4
4
5
5
3
6
7
8
3
8
6
6
6
5
3
2
3
6
9
7
2
0
5
2
0
6
7
4
5
2
7
2
2
1
9
3
5
5
6
0
0
. 2
9
2
7
4
6
6
6
3
2
8
5
0
6
4
7
6
See footnotes at end of table.
147
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
I Per 100 employees I
Separation rates
Accession rates
Total
State and area
Sept.
1978
New hires
Oct.
Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
Oct
Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
O c t . n Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
Layoffs
Qu its
Total
Recalls
Oct.
Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
Oct
Sept.
1 9 7 8 P 1978
Oct. H
p
1978
PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
3.9
3. 2
2.2
4. 5
4. 0
3.4
2. 5
6. 3
3. 5
2.9
2. 0
4. 0
4. 1
2. 5
3. 4
5. 7
7.8
7. 5
2. 5
2. 4
1.2
3. 3
2. 6
2. 0
4. 7
2.
2.
1.
3.
2.
1.
2.
4.
3
2
1
2
7
6
2
3
1. 1
. 6
. 7
1. 0
1. 3
1. 0
. 5
1. 5
1. 0
. 6
. 5
. 7
1. 3
. 6
1. 1
1. 2
4. 1
3. 5
2. 4
3. 4
4. 5
3. 6
3.8
4. 3
3. 7
2. 7
2. 4
2. 9
3. 1
3.8
3. 5
4. 1
1. 9
1.8
1. 1
2. 2
1. 7
1.8
1.8
3.2
1. 5
1. 2
. 6
1.8
1. 3
1.4
1. 3
2.6
1. 5
. 9
. 7
. 4
2. 0
. 9
1. 5
. 5
1. 7
.8
1. 1
. 4
1. 4
2. 0
1. 7
.8
6.0
6. 3
6.9
6.6
5. 1
5. 5
. 5
. 5
. 6
.6
7. 3
6. 5
5. 5
5. 7
5. 3
4. 7
3.8
4. 1
. 7
. 7
1. 0
. 9
4.6
6. 5
4. 5
5. 1
4. 5
5.8
4. 5
4.8
3.9
5. 0
4. 1
4. 6
3.8
5. 0
4. 1
4. 3
. 4
1. 4
. 2
. 3
.
.
.
.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4
6
6
9
3. 9
5.4
3. 7
4. 5
3. 2
3. 0
3.4
3. 6
2. 7
2.9
2. 6
3. 0
.
.
.
.
6.7
5. 6
5.2
4. 4
6.4
5.4
4. 9
4. 2
. 2
. 2
. 1
. 2
5.8
5. 1
4. 3
3. 7
4. 6
3. 9
3. 3
2. 7
. 2
. 2
. 1
. 1
3. 7
3. 2
3. 3
2. 7
. 2
. 3
3. 9
3. 6
2. 5
1. 8
. 6
. 8
7. 3
5. 4
4.9
6. 1
4.9
5. 1
5. 9
5. 2
4. 5
5. 6
4. 7
4. 7
1. 3
. 2
. 4
. 3
. 2
. 2
6. 0
5. 0
5. 2
5. 3
4. 6
4. 6
4. 6
3. 8
3. 9
4. 0
3. 2
3. 3
. 3
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 2
. 4
UTAH4
Salt Lake C i t y - O g d e n 4
6.9
6. 1
7.2
9-2
6.2
5.8
6.9
9. 1
. 5
. 3
. 1
. 1
7. 6
7. 1
6. 0
6. 1
5.8
5. 4
4.2
4. 3
. 6
. 7
. 7
. 8
VERMONT
4. 3
2. 5
2.8
4. 0
3. 2
4. 1
3. 8 '
>. 2
4
3. 5
2.9
3. 6
. 3
. 1
. 4
. 3
. 1
. 5
4. 5
3. 4
3. 5
3. 2
1. 9
2. 7
2. 9
1. 4
1.8
1.8
.8
. 8
. 9
1. 4
1. 1
. 8
. 9
1. 4
4. 4
2.9
3.9
2. 7
3. 5
2. 3
3. 1
2. 2
. 5
. 2
. 5
4. 3
2. 4
3. 6
2. 3
2. 9
1. 4
2. 2
1. 0
. 4
. 1
. 5
. 4
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Scranton
.
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
13
. . .
.. .
Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket
.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville Spartan burg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
TENNESSEE:
Memphis
.
.
TEXAS:
Dallas-Fort Worth
Houston
San Antonio
Burlington
Springfield
VIRGINIA
Richmond
WASHINGTON:
Seattle—Everett
1.9
M
WISCONSIN
Milwaukee
.
.
.
. . . .
.
WYOMING
.
.
.
.
3
7
3
3
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
3. 1
3.4
3. 1
2. 6
2. 5
2. 7
. 4
. 3
. 3
. 3
4. 6
3. 4
3. 4
2. 7
2. 5
1.8
1. 4
1. 2
1.2
. 5
1. 1
. 4
8. 5
12. 0
7. 3
7. 3
1. 2
4. 3
10. 0
5. 6
6. 7
3. 7
. 9
1. 2
10
Based on the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification Manual.
Less than 0.05.
Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
1
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
n
(*)
2
2
2
2
3.9
3.4
Excludes canning and preserving.
148
3
7
3
2
(*)
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
*
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
14
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing,
preliminary.
13
13
*
Not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
JE-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thouiandi)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
1*598.7
375.7
132.7
179.3
114.2
52.3
1*596.3
107.9
24.1
169.0
185.5
993.6
587.0
184.6
NOV.
OCT.
1977
1978
1*536.1
359.3
126.2
174.7
106.6
53.0
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
91.3
93.9
19.5
19.7
5.9
5.2
6.0
6.3
5.5
6.3
8.3
7.6
7.9
7.0
6.7
6.6
13.6
11.5
11.3
7.9
6.2
4.0
6.2
6.3
2.8
3.3
5.7
7.6
5.7
5.2
5.7
6.4
5.5
5.4
182.7
16.0
18.9
21.1
9.4
10.2
11.5
1*030.2
616.9
191.2
1*045.5
627.6
192.5
71.6
36.1
13.5
53.7
28.0
59.1
29.6
9.8
5.2
4.5
4.7
5.7
9.1
7.2
6.2
7.3
928.6
69.7
80.5
177.7
35.6
938.0
70.5
83.1
176.7
36.7
931.0
71.3
84.4
177.4
36.2
56.9
6.1
4.5
6.6
4.1
5.3
6.7
5.0
8.3
5.3
8.4
10*331.0
951.0
169.5
243.1
3*409.0
125.7
197.8
521.8
432.7
122.8
666.1
1*539.4
627.2
131.9
113.5
153.9
117.5
10*639.2
997.7
167.6
255.6
3*532.0
129.1
204.5
536.3
441.8
126.6
677.1
1*537.5
658.7
131.8
117.1
167.9
121.4
10*616.9
999.7
168.9
247.2
3*521.0
128.3
202.2
543.3
445.7
124.5
682.5
1*553.0
664.5
134.5
115.8
153.5
120.4
820.6
54.7
17.0
25.6
251.0
16.3
18.0
42.8
36.7
10.3
54.7
7.9
5.8
5.9
4.3
8.1
7.6
5.4
7.9
7.9
6.4
6.4
5.5
6.5
5.6
4.9
COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
1*251.5
737.2
1.327.1
771.7
1*324.2
775.7
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
1*497.9
184.2
355.7
71.1
197.2
111.2
105.6
1*514.5
185.3
362.4
69.9
195.7
118.2
106.1
1*532.4
188.0
367.0
71.6
197.9
119.1
107.4
4.4
6.7
272.6
240.9
278.0
243.0
277.4
243.2
D I S T R I C T O F COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA 1
327.4
1*550.3
331.3
1*568.4
FLORIDA 2
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
3*642.6
363.6
304.1
703.7
282.0
109.8
561.7
202.2
2*280.1
868.6
123.1
87.5
106.1
89.4
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
ALASKA
ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson •
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith 1
Little Rock-North Little Rock . . . .
Pine Bluff
CALIFORNIA*
Anaheim-Santa Ana—Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Fresno
.,,.,.
Los Angeles-Long Beach a.
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario .
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
DELAWARE
Wilmington
l
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St. Petersburgh
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
GEORGIA
Atlanta
Augusta 1
Columbus 1
Macon
Savannah
377.0
132.2
178.9
114.5
52.5
63.2
74.5
3.1
3.5
5.3
7.2
6.9
9.4
3.1
4.4
8.9
1.9
108.1
41.3
632.6
42.8
13.6
19.3
192.0
10.2
16.1
34.5
28.4
10.7
3.1
642.1
37.3
13.2
19.2
224.0
12.4
13.2
30.7
28.1
7.0
8.7
43.8
66.2
32.6
37.5
79.8
31.1
7.2
10.0
10.5
7.4
13.0
9.1
8.2
8.5
8.4
8.2
7.0
6.6
6.8
4.8
5.1
8.0
6.2
10.5
6.0
8.5
6.0
3.7
7.8
7.8
6.3
9.6
6.5
5.6
6.3
7.0
5.5
5.1
6.0
7.9
5.3
4.7
5.4
5.8
9.1
5.6
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.9
4.5
5.1
3.1
8.2
4.7
5.3
5.4
5.9
4.8
5.5
6.3
4.0
6.3
4.4
4.9
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.8
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.0
5.0
19.8
17.5
18.3
14.9
18.7
15.1
7.3
7.3
6.6
6.1
6.8
6.2
336.3
1*578.3
26.8
71.1
27.3
70.1
26.8
71.2
8.8
4.6
8.2
4.5
8.0
4.5
3,764.2
374.4
314.6
724.1
293.8
115.2
582.8
208.5
3*742.7
370.6
310.0
716.8
292.0
113.1
576.5
211.9
275.4
30.4
19.0
56.3
20.6
264.5
26.4
20.4
51.6
,19.3
233.0
7.0
7.0
6.5
6.2
6.1
5.7
7.1
6.2
7.0
6.1
38.8
15.9
35.9
16.8
32.5
14.6
7.6
8.4
6.3
8.3
7.4
5.6
6.9
7.9
6.6
6.1
6.2
8.1
6.3
5.9
5.4
5.6
6.9
2*353.0
2*350.7
888.7
127.9
89.5
106.5
89.8
151.3
59.6
137.3
49.9
142.7
51,8
8.6
6.3
8.3
5.7
7.0
6.1
8.1
6.0
7.6
6.4
6.6
6.9
7.0
7.2
9.8
7.7
5.P
5.7
6.5
6.4
6.6
6.9
879.2
128.4
88.5
105.8
88.1
7.5
9.0
9.6
7.0
6.7
8.5
18.8
13.2
14.0
12.2
9.5
6.5
6.8
8.1
71.7
62.8
34.0
65.3
34.8
5.7
81.4
10.8
17.0
66.7
69.3
9.1
9.6
14.8
15.4
3.9
2.9
6.5
4.6
39.6
12.5
10.4
6.9
22.7
17.6
45.5
17.3
5.7
4.5
5.1
6.1
5.8
6.3
6.7
7.1
7.1
See footnotes at end of table.
149
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
Number
State and area
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT
1978
labor forei
NOV
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
HAWAII
Honolulu
401.3
318.1
405.1
320.1
410.2
324.2
30.2
23.5
34 . 4
26 • 6
32 • 3
24 • 6
7• 5
7• 4
8 .5
8• 4
7.9
7.6
IDAHO
Boise City
390.2
78.5
420.5
90.7
404.5
89.3
19.9
2.5
18 • 0
2.7
22 • 0
3•2
5 .1
3 .2
4• 3
3• 0
5.4
3.6
5*275.4
61.4
76.3
3*357.7
174.4
61.4
172.7
132.4
97.0
5*416.4
63.8
78.2
3,443.4
184.3
62.2
178.7
139.0
97.7
5*423.5
64.2
78.5
3*456.8
183.0
61.9
179.0
139.5
97.6
330.8
2.2
3.3
206.3
9.3
4.3
9.3
9.9
5.3
288 . 9
2• 0
3• 3
183 . 9
7.5
3• 6
7 .7
6 .9
5 .5
280 • 8
2 .2
3•3
173 • 8
7• 4
3•5
7.9
6•5
5•4
6 .3
3 .6
4•3
6 .1
5 ,4
7 .0
5 >4
7 ,5
5 .4
5• 3
3.2
4 .2
5• 3
4.1
5• 8
4• 3
5• 0
5• 6
5.2
3.4
4.2
5.0
4.0
5.7
4.4
4.7
5.5
2*471.0
134.5
176.0
282.7
554.4
56.2
132.4
77.1
2*587.3
138.6
187.8
289.5
572.8
57.6
138.0
80.4
2*597.9
139.4
189.2
292.2
576.7
58.0
138.8
80.5
122.9
6.0
7.3
17.6
27.7
3.1
6.6
3.9
128 . 8
6 .6
8 .3
15 . 2
26 .4
3 .5
7 .1
3 .7
133 • 8
7 .0
8 .2
15 . 7
27 • 3
3 .5
6 .9
3 .7
5 .0
4 ,5
4 .1
6 ,2
5 ,0
5 >6
5 »0
5,,0
5•0
4•8
4 .4
5 .2
4•6
6 .1
5 .2
4 »6
5.2
5.0
4.3
5.4
4.7
6.0
5.0
4.5
1.390.5
83.7
172.5
44.3
59.5
66.5
1*433.6
8-6.3
177.0
45.4
58.7
66.6
1*411.2
86.3
176.9
45.2
58.7
67.3
48.0
2.4
5.9
2.0
2.9
2.4
37 .3
1 .9
4 .8
1 ,7
2 .8
2 .6
44 ,9
2 ti
5 .5
1 .8
3 ,2
3 .0
3, 4
2,>8
3, 4
4, 5
4, 9
3, 6
2 .6
2 ,2
2 ,7
3 ,7
4 >8
3 .9
3.2
2.6
3.1
4.1
5.4
4.4
1*123.0
94.5
208.0
1*170.3
95.6
215.5
1*167.0
96.8
218.9
44.1
4.3
9.5
29 .3
3, 1
6,,0
28 .5
3, 1
5,.8
3. 9
4, 6
4, 6
2 »5
3.,3
2..8
2.4
3.2
2.6
1*562.9
158.9
405.8
1*591.1
164.4
418.8
1*580.0
164.5
420.6
67.5
5.0
19.0
75, 0
5.,0
20, 9
74, 0
5, .0
19, 6
4, 3
3, 1
4, 7
4, 7
3, 1
5. 0
4.7
3.0
4.7
1*553.4
197.8
64.4
51.1
456.8
143.9
1*617.3
201.3
63.5
53.0
457.6
149.4
1*606.4
200.8
62.5
52.6
459.6
149.6
97.9
13.3
4.4
3.3
32.0
8.2
96,
11.
4,
3.
27,
8.
6
2
3
4
4
0
94, 8
11. 4
4, 0
3. 2
28, 1
7, 8
6.
6.
6.
6.
3
7
8
5
7. 0
5. 7
6.
5.
6.
6,
6.
5.
0
6
8
4
0
4
5.9
5.7
6.4
6.0
6.1
5.2
467.0
37.0
84.5
473.8
36.9
86.4
471.4
37.2
87.0
34.5
2.4
5.5
24, 2
1. 5
3, 6
24, 9
1. 5
3, 5
7. 4
6. 6
6. 5
5. 1
4. 1
4. 2
5.3
4.1
4.0
MARYLAND
Baltimore
1*962.9
979.0
2*051.3
1*055.8
2*058.4
1*059.8
103.9
58.1
94. 7
53. 5
100. 8
55. 1
5. 3
5. 9
4. 6
5. 1
4.9
5.2
MASSACHUSETTS ?
Boston
Brockton
Fall River1
2*799.6
1*350.2
78.6
76.5
N.A.
109.6
82.5
275.5
195.4
2*805.1
1*364.6
82.6
78.2
138.0
111.8
80.0
272.6
196.0
2*843.0
1*382.1
83.8
79.3
140.1
113.0
80.7
277.3
200.4
193.6
91.5
5.5
5.6
N.A.
7.6
7.6
16.9
10.7
120.
55.
3.
3.
7.
5.
4.
11.
6.
148. 5
63. 8
4. 5
4. 9
9. 0
6. 1
6. 0
13. 6
9. 1
6. 9
6. 8
7. 0
7. 4
N.A .
6. 9
9. 2
6. 1
5. 5
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
5.
4.
3.
3
1
3
6
5
1
4
5.2
4.6
5.4
6.2
6.4
5.4
7.4
4.9
4.5
4*183.2
134.8
61.5
53.7
1*993.5
220.8
4,182.0
136.8
81.3
54.0
1*984.0
226.1
4*228.8
139.9
82.2
54.8
2*006.0
230.0
323.4
7.6
6.7
229. 3
5. 9
4. 5
2. 8
105. 5
14. 0
279. 4
6. 9
5. 2 ,
3. 1
125. 6
16. 5
7. 7
5. 6
8.2
8. 3
7. 4
7. 4
5.
4.
5.
5.
5.
6.
5
3
5
1
3
2
6.6
4.9
6.3
5.7
6.3
7.2
ILLINOIS 2 . .
Bloomington—Normal
Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul .
Chicago
Davenport—Rock Island—Moline
Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
INDIANA
Evansville *
Fort Wayne
Gary—Hammond-East Chicago
Indianapolis
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City !
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
KENTUCKY
Lexingtoo-Fayette
Louisville
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
Lawrence-Haverhili1
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
MICHIGAN 2
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
»
See footnotes at end of table.
150
'
4.4
147.2
16.4
6
7
6
8
3
2
4
1
7
4
9
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent of
Labor force
Number
State and area
NOV.
1977
MICHIGAN-—Continued
Grand Rapids
Jackson
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
287.1
65.4
131.4
228.8
75.9
102.6
289.7
66.0
131.8
229.1
75.6
103.3
291.9
65.7
132.7
232.8
76.9
105.4
17.2'
4.9
8.4
15.6
6.9
6.7
11.8
3.2
6.2
10.6
4.6
4.7
1*947.7
113.8
1*046.6
2*039.1
121.4
1*072.5
2*033.5
118.5
1*070.8
83.9
9.2
37.4
59.6
4.9
27.9
974.8
138.5
978.3
140.2
969.7
141.0
68.5
8.0
65.5
7.4
2t210.1
661.5
45.0
ltO63.8
98.3
2,257.9
677.1
43.6
1,076.0
101.7
2*245.4
677.9
44.2
1*082.2
101.6
116.3
35.2
2.7
64.1
4.4
97.5
25.2
MONTANA . .
Billings . . .
Great Falls
342.0
53.6
35.4
363.5
53.3
35.2
360.8
54.0
35.5
NEBRASKA . . .
Lincoln
Omaha'
752.7
107.3
276.3
785.4
113.6
261.9
NEVADA . .
Las Vegas
Reno . . .
329.0
178.2
93.9
Ka la ma zoo—Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior * . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI .
Jackson . .
MISSOURI . . .
Kansas C i t y !
St. Joseph .
St. Louis 1 . .
Springfield .
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
NEW J E R S E Y 2
Atlantic City
Jersey City
Long Branch-Asbury Park
Newark
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville . .
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Brldgeton
NEW M E X I C O
Albuquerque
NEW Y O R K 2
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton1
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City 2
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh—Durham
NORTH DAKOTA . .
Fargo-Moorehead*
labor force
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
14.8
3.7
7.1
6.0
7.5
6.4
6.B
9.1
6.6
4.1
4.9
4.7
4.6
6.1
4.5
5.1
5.7
5.3
5.3
8.1
5.5
71.4
12.4
6.2
5.8
6.0
30.8
61.8
6.7
4.3
8.1
3.6
2.9
4.0
2.6
3.5
5.1
2.9
7.0
5.8
6.7
5.3
6.4
4.7
2.1
51.4
3.8
101.7
25.1
2.3
53.4
4.0
5.3
5.3
5.9
6.0
4.5
4.3
3.7
4.8
4.8
3.8
4.5
3.7
5.3
4.9
4.0
20.4
2.3
2.0
16.0
1.6
1.9
18.6
2.3
2.3
6.0
4.2
5.7
4.4
3.0
5.5
5.2
4.2
6.6
780.6
114.1
282.0
27.9
3.1
13.1
21.7
3.0
10.2
22.5
3.1
10.2
3.72.9
4.7
2.8
2.6
3.6
2.9
2.7
3.6
334.9
178.5
100.8
332.3
177.4
99.7
21.7
13.6
4.2
13.4
7.7
2.6
14.6
8.0
2.8
6.6
7.6
4.4
4.0
4.3
2.6
4.4
4.5
2.8
420.8
N.A.
3*420,4
82.6
259.6
220.7
956.8
304.7
215.1
160.6
58.2
511.0
188.6
432.2
N.A.
3,538.1
88.4
259.3
226.6
995.7
325.1
222.6
164.7
63.4
429.7
N.A.
21.4
3.6
N.A.
3.4
N.A*
271.3
10.2
6.2
8.4
9.3
6.5
5.8
5.6
7.3
4.8
8.9
6.1
8.5
9.3
7.0
5.5
5.3
6.9
4.4
9.0
31.8
11.4
14.8
N.A.
219.7
7.5
24.1
16.2
55.5
17.8
15.7
7.3
5.7
33.0
11.8
5.1
3*592.4
88.3
260.2
232.0
1*012.0
332.0
228.2
166.3
63.8
536.0
197.1
15.6
N.A.
219.6
7.4
24.0
14.8
57.4
18.3
16.3
7.9
5.6
6.6
6.6
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.0
7.779
357
132
572
40
1*234
3*588
3*022
96
456
294
136
7,937.7
367.7
138.2
579.1
41.0
1,274.4
3,625.7
3,044.0
103.4
464.5
303.6
136.8
569.6
22.1
6.4
39.8
2.6
79.0
286.4
256.0
4.6
25.8
18.5
9.6
9.1
6.5
6.9
8.9
8.5
8.1
10.3
10.9
5.7
6.4
7.4
8.5
7.9
5.9
5.9
7.8
6.5
6.7
9.3
0.0
4.9
5.4
6.1
6.8
7.2
5.9
6.0
6.8
6.2
6.1
7.9
8.5
4.4
5.4
6.0
6.9
2*608,3
80.4
321.8
403.8
261.6
2,681.9
83.2
326.5
408.3
271.5
1*284.4
3*604.7
3*015.0
104.2
473.5
308.8
139.7
2*675.4
82.4
328.2
408.5
272.3
623,6
21.5
8.2
45.0
2.7
84.8
336.2
304.0
5.1
25.0
18.6
9.4
138.7
4.6
12.9
18.5
8.9
91.6
3.0
8.9
98.5
2.9
9.0
12.4
7.1
5.3
5.3
4.0
4.6
3.4
3.4
3.6
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.7
3.5
2.8
3.0
2.6
282.9
70.3
305.6
72.8
291.2
71.3
13.2
3.1
9.8
2.2
14.6
2.3
4.7
4.4
3.2
3.0
4.8
3.2
540.0
196.7
7*961.5
373.1
140.5
583.9
41.4
N.A.
9.7
27.8
17.1
73.6
19.6
19.8
9.1
5.9
33.8
12.5
704.2
23.4
9.1
50.6
3.4
100.4
368.0
329.0
5.6
29.3
21.7
11.6
12,0
7.0
N.A.
7.9
11.7
10.7
7.8
7.7
6.4
9.2
5.7
See footnotes at end of table.
151
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor f oree
Number
State and area
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
4*910.0
298.4
177.1
632.6
921.2
524.1
378.1
365.2
240.8
5*086.2
306.3
181.3
657.5
948.0
540.8
392.4
378.7
242.4
5,087.6
306.6
183.0
658.7
949.6
543.8
393.3
380.0
242.9
297.9
18.2
11.7
33.6
51.3
27.3
19.0
25.5
20.4
240.5
14.7
8,8
30.0
39.5
23.1
16.1
20.4
14.2
250.1
15.1
9.7
31.6
40.2
23.1
16.2
21.1
14.4
6.1
6.1
6.6
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.0
7.0
8.5
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.1
5.4
5.9
4.9
4.9
5.3
4.8
4.2
4.2
4.1
5.6
5.9
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1*233.5
370.7
295.2
1,244.5
388.2
292.0
1,244.4
388.2
294.0
53.3
14,4
13.0
34.7
9.7
7.7
38.9
10.4
8.9
4.3
3.9
4.4
2,8
2.5
2.7
3.1
2.7
3.0
OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
Portland1
Salem
1,137.6
120.7
548.0
106.8
1*204.2
123.9
580.7
113.6
1,207.9
124.8
586.7
111.8
72.1
8.5
31.9
5.8
66.3
8.6
28.9
5.3
76.4
9.0
31.3
7.6
6.3
7.0
5.8
5.5
5.5
6.9
5.0
4.7
6.3
7.2
5.3
6.8
PENNSYLVANIA 2
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton1
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia1
Pittsburgh
Reading
Williamsport
York
5,158.5
297.1
56.2
120.1
205.5
106.0
166.0
269.0
5,342.1
305.3
58.3
126.6
214.8
107.3
173.2
275.3
5,350.0
305,8
58.2
126.2
345.9
17.0
2t069.0
969.5
145.4
50.9
156.9
2*127.4
353.6
15.7
4.8
8.7
10.3
8.8
7.2
23.5
145.8
58.2
6.9
4.3
7.5
6.7
5.7
6.7
6.4
4.8
9.3
3.9
8.3
7.6
5.7
4.9
8.2
5.1
6,9
5.5
8.2
7.1
5.0
8.7
4.3
9.0
7.5
6.0
4.8
7.8
4.5
6.6
5.1
8.2
6.9
4.8
8.2
4.2
8.5
6.8
5.8
4.5
8.0
4.5
443.8
447.4
OHIO2,.r
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati1
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo !
Youngstown-Warren
214.4
107.1
173.0
275.1
2,135.0
1*005.0
153.1
53.5
157.7
166.9
7.9
370.6
16,9
4,8
9.0
10,7
9.3
7.5
24.9
160.0
59.7
7.2
4.2
7.4
433.7
438.9
437.5
444.3
31.3
31.3
20.9
20.9
22.4
22.4
7.1
7.0
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.1
It287.9
147.1
170.4
255.1
1*318.3
148.9
174.2
256.8
1,294.7
146.5
173.2
253.8
87.0
11.1
9,2
79.5
15,3
12.2
72.4
9.2
7.4
10.7
6.8
7.6
5.4
6,0
6.0
6.7
4.7
4.7
5.6
6.3
4.3
4.2
309.1
55.6
326.2
57.2
319.7
58.5
7.5
1.1
7.9
0.9
8.2
0 .7
2.4
2.1
2.4
1.5
2.6
TENNESSEE
Chattanoogal
Knoxville
Memphis1
Nashville-Davidson
1,926.8
183.9
199.9
378.6
385.6
1*983.0
186.0
204.1
382.2
398.4
1,984.3
187.3
203.5
384.4
402.8
104.2
115.1
10.5
12.4
23.5
16.3
116.5
10.7
10.1
23.7
18.2
5.4
5.3
4.4
5.6
3.8
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.1
4.1
5.9
5.7
5.0
6.2
4.5
TEXAS\
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
5*870.7
85.5
229.8
166.4
125.6
1*345.8
162.3
87.3
1*306.4
102.6
394.5
77.2
59.3
6,079.5
88.6
6,111.7
291.4
3.0
9.3
10.6
7.6
58.9
260.4
2.9
7.5
10.0
6.5
49.5
13.6
4.8
48.5
3.1
292.5
3.3
8.1
24.2
3.3
2.1
56.8
3.4
26.1
3.9
2.6
5.0
3.5
4.1
6.4
6.1
4.4
10.5
6.6
4.0
3.4
6.6
4.7
3.5
4.3
3.3
3.1
6.0
5.0
3.5
8.3
5.3
3.5
3.0
5.9
4.2
3.4
4.8
3.7
3.3
6.7
5.3
3.8
8.8
6.0
4.1
3.3
6.4
4.9
4.2
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
534.6
357.2
VERMONT
228.9
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket'
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
152
998.6
152.2
53.5
167.0
241.7
168.3
130.5
1,407.6
164.8
90.7
1,374.6
104.2
408.8
79.5
60.7
88.7
244.0
168.2
131.4
1,410.6
166.9
91.3
1,385.5
104.8
3.8
7.7
9.9
9.9
6.5
82.4
54.9
7.1
4,2
9.7
8.7
21.3
14.5
17.0
5.7
52.1
3.5
10.0
8.2
11.2
7.0
53.4
14.7
5.5
1.2
79.9
61.4
26.0
3.6
2.1
558.0
369.3
555.6
371.6
24.8
16.7
18.0
12.1
20.3
13.2
4.6
4.7
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.5
241.0
238.0
15.1
9.6
11.9
6.6
4.0
5.0
411.0
STATE AND AAEA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor forea
Number
State and area
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Newport News-Hampton
Norfolk-Virginia Beech-Portsmouth1
Richmond
Roanoke
2t393.2
69.7
154.1
309.9
315.1
108.5
2,493,9
72.2
160.7
322.4
327.8
112.8
WASHINGTON .:
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
1*646.6
711.8
132.2
156.7
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland1
Parkersburg-Marietta1
Wheeling1
WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
WYOMING
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
NOV.
1977
OCT.
1978
NOV.
1978P
2*496.6
72.3
159.5
322.2
329.5
113.2
106.0
2.5
7.9
16.6
9.9
4.1
116.0
123.9
3.0
9.4
19.4
11.2
5.1
4.4
3.6
5.1
5.4
3.1
3.8
4.7
3.9
5.9
5.8
3.3
4.1
5.0
4.2
5.9
6.0
3.4
4.5
1,754.2
767.7
139.1
161.8
1*735.8
770.0
138.0
161.5
124.2
50.7
91.0
13.7
34.9
6.9
9.8
100.8
37.1
7.4
10.0
7.5
7,1
6.7
8.7
5.2
4.5
5.0
6.1
5.8
4.8
5.4
6.2
696.6
113.7
114.4
63.8
79.3
736.2
66.7
754.0
121.0
117.7
68.2
81.5
82.3
39.8
4.4
6.0
3.4
5.8
33.0
3.3
4.7
2.5
3.4
37.9
3.8
5.4
3.1
3.8
5.7
3.9
5.2
5.3
7.3
4.5
2.8
4.1
3.8
4.2
5.0
3.1
4.6
4.6
4.7
2t241.1
139.1
86.4
61.3
44.0
177.7
724.3
89.3
2.341.4
144.0
87.0
61.9
2*358.4
145.5
94.9
6.1
3.8
2.9
2.0
5.6
116.3
7.7
4.8
2.8
2.4
6.7
28.7
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.5
3,2
3.7
4.6
4.4
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.5
3.6
3.7
4.4
4.9
5.3
5.6
4.6
5.3
3.9
4.0
4.7
195.6
212.7
8.5
3,9
2.9
4.1
119.2
115.8
46.0
174,0
716.6
89.0
1
Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State.
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See "Explanatory Notes"
for State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.)
2
NOTE: Estimates for 1977 have been benchmarked to 1977 Current Population Survey
annual averages. Except in the 10 largest States designated by footnote 2, estimates for 1978
8.9
2.8
9.6
18.7
10.8
4.7
89.4
27.1
4.1
102,8
6.4
4.5
3.2
2.1
6.2
26.8
3.9
208.1
7.7
6.2
86.7
61.1
46.3
174.1
723.7
are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data
refer to place of residence.
p=preliminary.
N.A.=not available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies
listed on inside back cover.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify
"CETA Area Employment and Unemployment,""State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment;" or "Unemployment Rates
for States and Local Governments, Second Quarter 1978." A complete set of price schedules and publications is available from the National
Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 22161.
153
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date
[Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year and month
Total
noninstitutional
population
Total labor force
Number
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Agri
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Persons 14 years of age and over
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
49,440
50,080
50,680
51,250
51,840
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
49,180
49,820
50,420
51,000
51,590
47,630
45,480
42,400
38,940
38,760
10,4 50
10,340
10,290
10,170
10,090
37,180
35,140
32,110
28,770
28,670
1,550
4,340
8,020
12,060
12,830
3.2
8.7
15.9
23.6
24.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1934
1935
1936
1937.
1938
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
52,490
53,140
53,740
54,320
54,950
U)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
52,230
52,870
53,440
54,000
54,610
40,890
42,260
44,410
46,300
44,220
9,900
10,110
10,000
9,820
9,690
30,990
32,150
34,410
36,480
34,530
11,340
10,610
9,030
7,700
10,390
21.7
20.1
16.9
14.3
19.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
100,380
101,520
102 610
103 660
55,600
56,180
57,530
60 380
64,560
(1)
56.0
56.7
58 8
62. 3
55,230
55,640
55,910
56 410
55,540
45,750
47,520
50,350
53 750
54,470
36,140
37,980
41,250
44 500
45,390
9,480
8,120
5,560
2 660
1,070
17.2
14.6
9.9
4 7
1.9
(1)
44,200
43,990
42,230
39,100
104 6 30
105,530
106,520
107,608
66,040
6 5,300
60,970
61,7 58
63.1
61.9
57.2
57.4
54,630
53,860
57,520
60,168
53,960
52,820
55,250
57,812
45,010
44,240
46,930
49,557
670
1,040
2,270
2,356
1.2
1.9
3.9
3.9
38,590
40,230
45,550
45,850
1939
1940
1941
1943
1944
194b
.1947
9,610
9,540
9,100
9 2 50
9,080
'8,950
8,580
8,320
8,256
Persons 16 years of age and over
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721
60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117
58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4
59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017
57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961
7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726
49,148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235
2,311
2,276
3,637
3,288
2,055
3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3
42,477
42.447
42,708
42,787
42,604
1952
1953 2
1954
1955
1956
108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811
65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409
60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
6., 500
6., 260
6,205
6,450
6,283
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
1957
1958
1959
I9602
1961
115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343
69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031
60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2
66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459
64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746
5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200
58,123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546
2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714
4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7
45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312
19622.
1963
1964
1965
1966
122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180
73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893
59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
4,944
^-,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596
80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929
60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0
77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113
74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120
3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387
70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732
2,975
2,817
2,832
4,088
4,993
3,8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9
52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666
1972 2
19732
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 2
145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048
158,559
161,058
88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917
99,534
102,537
61.0
61.4
61.8
61.8
62.1
62.8
63.7
86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773
97,401
100,420
81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485
90,546
94,373
3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297
3,244
3,342
78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188
87,302
91,031
4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130
59,025
58,521
Not available.
Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments
154
in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparablity" under Household Data section
of Explanatory notes.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Total labor force
Year, month, and sex
Total
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Number
of
population
Total
86.8
87.0
86.9
86.8
87.3
87.2
86.9
86.4
86.2
86.3
85.5
85.0
84.5
84.0
83.6
82.8
82.2
81.9
81.5
81.4
81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78.5
78.1
78.3
78.4
42,686
4.6,286
43,498
43,819
43,001
42,869
43,633
43,965
44,47 5
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886
46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
31.8
32.7
33.2
33.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.6
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.2
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.7
39.3
40.3
41.2
41.6
42.7
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.1
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
40,995
41,725
40,925
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
43,904
43,656
44,17744,657
45,474
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
6,643
6,358
6,343
6,002
5,534
5,390
5,253
5,200
5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532
4,47 2
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716
2,639
2,681
34,352
35,367
34,583
35,576
36,246
36,293
37,177
36,418
37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934
39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810
1,692
1,559
2,572
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
1,914
1,551
1,508
1 -.419
1,403
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4,385
3,968
3,588
3,051
16,664
17,335
17,788
18,389
19,016
19,269
19,382
19,678
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483
23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
16,045
16,617
16,723
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33,553
1,248
1,271
1,315
1,159
1,193
1,111
1,006
1,006
1,184
1,244
1,123
14,797
15,346
15,409
16,181
16,988
17,458
17,743
17,486
18,366
19,175
19,591
19,623
20,131
20,887
21,187
21,651
22,227
23,000
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
31,827
32,825
32,973
619
3.7
717
4.1
1,065
1,049
6.0
5.7
834
4.4
698
632
1,188
3.6
3.3
38,414
39,952
41,878
35,095
36,685
38,882
582
605
Total
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
MALES
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953 1
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I9601
1961
1962 1
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1
50,968
51,439
51,922
52,352
52,788
53,248
54,248
54,706
55,122
55,547
56,082
56,640
57,312
58,144
58,826
59,626
60,627
61,556
62,473
63,351
64,316
65,345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72,253
73,494
74,739
75,981
77,169
44,258
44,7 29
45,097
45,446
46,063
46,416
47,131
47,275
47,488
47,914
47,964
48,126
48,405
48,870
49,193
49,395
49,835
50,387
50,946
51,560
52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,706
58,397
59,467
60,535
4.0
3.6
5.9
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
6,710
6,710
6,825
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
FEMALES
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953 1
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958.
1959
I9601
1961
1962 1
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
1973 l
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1
52,450
53,088
53,689
54,293
54,933
55,575
56,353
56,965
57,610
58,264
58,983
59,723
60,569
61,615
62,517
63,355
64,527
65,668
66,763
67,829
69,003
70,217
71,476
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
79,954
81,309
82,577
83,890
16,683
17,351
17,806
18,412
19,054
19,314
19,429
19,718
20,584
21,495
21,765
22,149
22,516
23,272
23,838
24,047
24,736
25,443
26,232
27,333
28,395
29,242
30,551
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
37,087
38,520
40,067
42,002
990
1,033
986
902
875
878
832
814
736
680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
579
661
34,513
36,080
38,221
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,320
3,267
2,996
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
35,767
35,737
35,883
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37,247
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053
38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,887
See footnote 2, table 1.
155
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Mot in labor force
—
Sex, age, and race
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Unable
to
work
Going
to
school
houta
Other
reasons
MALES
60,535
8,924
5,383
2,208
3,175
78.4
70.0
63.5
52.2
74.8
58,542
8,242
5,078
2,185
2,893
55,491
7, 100
4,279
1,767
2,512
3,051
1,141
799
418
381
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
53,229
8,811
37,330
8,405
7,495
6,074
5,196
5,103
5,058
89.8
87. 1
94.4
94.9
96.3
96.4
95.1
93.0
89.7
51,541
8,063
36,392
8,033
7,251
5,880
5,106
5,071
5,051
49,370
7,330
35,149
7,619
7,010
5,710
4,968
4,934
4,908
2,171
733
1,243
415
241
170
138
137
143
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
7,088
4,390
2,698
73.5
82.9
62.0
7,087
4,389
2,698
6,892
4,266
2,626
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
1,923
1,12C
803
20.5
30. 1
14.2
1,923
1,120
803
53,867
7,849
4,767
1,988
2,779
79.1
72.3
66.3
55.6
76.8
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
47,375
7,688
33,232
14,074
10,033
9,125
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
5.2
13.8
15.7
19.2
13.2
16,634
3,833
3,093
2,024
1,069
335
20
15
9
6
3,713
3,029
2,494
1,654
840
1,724
34
14
5
9
10,862
750
569
356
213
4.2
9.1
3.4
5.2.
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.8
6,070
1,309
2,201
452
291
224
269
387
579
138
12
69
6
14
5
10
17
17
1,218
890
325
201
68
21
16
12
6
1,251
47
667
47
70
75
99
148
229
3,463
360
1, 140
198
139
123
143
210
327
195
123
72
2.7
2.8
2.7
2,560
904
1,656
57
26
31
3
2
1
537
282
255
1,963
594
1,369
1,842
1,068
774
81
52
29
4.2
4.7
3.6
7,471
2,607
4,864
182
53
129
1
1
458
169
290
6,830
2,385
4,444
52,258
7,308
4,525
1,969
2,556
49,893
6,451
3,916
1,637
2,279
2,365
857
609
332
277
4.5
11.7
13.5
16.9
10.8
14,204
3,015
2,427
1,588
839
276
16
13
8
5
2,980
2,414
1,970
1,295
675
1,397
23
10
4
6
9,55C
562
435
281
153
90.4
88.1
95.1
96. 1
96.4
92.2
46,008
7,100
32,454
13,570
9,794
9,091
44,319
6,560
31,472
13,064
9,545
8,862
1,690
540
983
5 05
249
228
3.7
7.6
3.0
3.7
2.5
2.5
5,039
1,038
1,724
572
375
777
109
8
53
14
11
28
1,009
737
270
224
30
16
1,010
34
522
92
136
294
2,909
258
879
241
198
439
6,455
3,993
2,463
1,725
73.9
83.6
62.2
20.4
6,454
3,992
2,462
1,725
6,287
3,889
2,398
1,658
167
102
65
67
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.9
2,277
781
1,496
6,738
49
22
27
154
3
2
1
1
453
235
218
378
1,773
522
1,251
6,206
6,667
1,074
616
220
396
73.3
56.8
48.0
33.5
63.2
6,284
934
553
216
337
5,599
649
363
130
233
686
285
190
87
104
10.9
3C.5
34.4
40.0
30.8
2,430
818
666
436
230
59
4
3
1
1
733
615
524
359
165
326
11
4
1
3
1,312
188
134
75
60
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,854
1,124
4,098
1,826
1,236
1,035
85.0
80.5
89.6
91.4
91.3
84.6
5,533
963
3,938
1,714
1,192
1,031
5,052
770
3,678
1,564
1,134
979
481
193
261
150
59
52
8.7
20.0
6.6
8.8
4.9
5.0
1,033
272
478
171
118
188
29
4
16
5
4
6
208
153
55
45
8
2
242
13
145
25
38
82
554
102
262
96
68
98
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
632
397
236
198
69.1
76.5
59.4
21.3
632
397
236
198
605.
376
228
184
28
20
8
14
4.4
5.1
3.2
7.1
283
122
161
732
8
4
5
28
1
84
47
37
80
190
71
119
624
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
156
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Employment status of the nonihstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Total labor fore*
Civilian labor forca
Not in labor force
Sax, age, and race
Parcant
of
population
Unable
to
Kaaping
Parcent
of
Going
32,788
1,458
725
218
507
3,626
3,021
2,523
1,676
848
1,042
21
8
4,432
704
553
333
219
1,095
740
345
156
79
48
33
21
9
458
2k
241
26
26
33
38
45
72
1,903
295
S81
190
168
146
130
151
195
FEMALES
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
42,002
7,293
4,482
1,866
2,616
50.1
58.4
54.0
45.5
62.3
41,878
7,243
4,462
1,865
2,597
38,882
6,161
3,702
1,502
2,200
2,996
1,082
7 60
363
397
7.2
14.9
17.0
19.5
15.3
41,887
5,204
3,814
2,233
1,582
20 to 64 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
36,401
6,926
25,007
5,804
4,776
4,035
3,610
3,463
3,319
58.5
68.5
60.5
64.3
59.8
60.9
62.5
59.8
54.5
36,296
6,860
24,968
5,777
4,769
4,032
3,609
3,462
3,319
34,103
6,168
23,609
5,372
4,471
3,820
3,439
3,319
3,188
2,193
692
1,359
405
298
212
169
143
131
6.C
10.1
5.4
7.0
6.2
5.3
4.7
4.1
3.9
25,798
3,181
16,300
3,224
3,215
2,593
2,169
2,331
2,77C
22,342
2, 122
14,734
2,852
2,941
2,365
1,967
2,113
2,494
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
4,469
2,825
1,643
41.4
48.6
33.1
4,468
2,8 25
1,643
4,325
2,738
1,587
144
87
56
3.2
3.1
3.4
6 ,316
2 ,994
3 ,323
5,486
2,636
2,650
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
1,120
699
421
8.4
14.9
4.8
1,120
699
421
1,077
668
409
43
31
12
3.8
4.4
2.8
12 ,275
3 ,993
8 ,283
9,721
3,334
6,387
36,298
6,414
3,981
1,684
2,297
49.6
60.8
57.0
48.9
64.8
36,198
6,373
3,965
1,683
2,281
33,943
5,578
3,396
1,396
2,000
2,255
795
569
287
282
6.2
12.5
14.4
17.1
12.4
36,920
4,136
3,008
1,759
1,249
29,430
1, 178
575
173
402
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
31,330
5,958
21,375
8,931
6,518
5,926
57.9
69.5
59.7
61.1
60.8
56.7
31,247
5,906
21,344
8,904
6,515
5,925
29,597
5,418
20,302
8,385
6,219
5,699
1,650
488
1,C42
519
296
226
5.3
8.3
4.9
5.8
4.5
3.8
22,749
2,615
14,426
5,690
4,211
4,525
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,997
2,528
1,469
986
41.2
48.5
32.7
8.1
3,997
2,528
1,469
986
3,878
2,456
1,422
950
119
72
48
36
3.0
2.6
3.2
3.7
5,705
879
500
182
319
53.5
45.1
38.3
27.7
48.9
5,679
870
497
182
315
4,938
583
306
106
200
741
286
191
76
115
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
3 6 t o 4 4 years
45 to 54 years
5,070
967
3,632
1,649
1,127
856
62.4
63.1
66.0
68.8
67.2
59.8
5,048
954
3,624
1,642
1,126
856
4,505
750
3,307
1,458
1,041
8C8
55 to 64 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
472
297
174
134
43.6
49.4
36.4
10.7
472
297
174
44 7
282
166
20 to 24 years
13
193
92
10 1
627
259
367
571
102
469
1,976
554
1,422
2,877
2,397
1,991
1,313
678
818
16
11
5
6
3,795
546
430
268
163
19,908
1,771
13,141
5,169
3,856
4,115
880
597
274
182
68
24
343
18
176
40
52
85
1,617
229
834
299
234
301
5,707
2,689
3,018
11,164
4,995
2,388
2,608
8,947
9
5
4
6
149
69
60
464
554
226
326
1,748
13.1
32.9
38.4
41.7
36.5
4,967
1,068
807
474
333
3,358
280
150
45
105
748
624
532
363
170
224
5
2
637
158
122
66
56
544
204
317
183
85
48
10.8
21.3
8.7
11.2
7.6
5.6
3,049
566
1,875
749
551
575
2,435
351
1,592
624
476
492
215
143
71
52
13
6
114
6
65
12
20
32
285
66
146
60
42
45
24
15
9
5.1
5.2
5.0
609
305
304
491
249
2*2
1
1
44
23
21
73
32
41
229
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
157
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
Total labor force
Sax,age, and race
Thousands of persons
Civilian labor force
Participation rates
1977
1976
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
59,467
5,315
2,148
3,167
60,535
5,383
2,208
3, 175
78.3
62.5
50.6
74.4
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
8,623
36,639
15,502
10,906
10,231
8,81 1
37,330
15,9CC
11,270
10,161
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,045
4,328
2,717
1,845
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
1977
1978
Thousands of parsons
Participation rates
1977
1978
76.4
63.5
52.2
74.8
57,449
4,985
2,118
2,867
58,542
5,078
2, 185
2,893
77.7
61.0
50.3
72.5
77.9
62.1
51.9
73.0
86.7
94.4
95.6
95.8
91.2
87.1
94.4
95.5
95.8
91.3
7,877
35,698
14,887
1C,619
10,192
8,063
36,392
15,284
10,986
10,122
85.7
94.2
95.4
95.7
91.2
86.0
94.3
95.4
95.7
91.3
7,088
4,390
2,698
1,923
74.0
83.2
62.9
20.1
73.5
82.9
62.0
20.5
7,043
4,326
2,717
1,845
7,087
4,389
2,698
1,923
74.0
83. 2
62.9
20.1
73.5
82.9
62.0
20.5
53,079
4,732
1,945
2,787
53,867
4,767
1,988
2,779
79.1
65.4
54.1
76.6
79.1
66.3
55.6
76.8
51,421
4,461
1,920
2,541
52,258
4,525
1,969
2,556
78.5
64.1
53.8
74.9
78.6
65.1
55.3
75.3
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
7,538
32,690
13,764
9,696
5,230
7,688
33,232
14,074
10,033
9,125
87.7
95.1
96.2
96.3
92.2
88.1
95.1
96. 1
96.4
92.2
6,944
31,900
13,251
9,453
9,195
7,100
32,454
13,570
9,794
9,091
86.8
94.9
96.0
96.2
92.2
87.2
95.0
96.0
96.3
92.1
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,447
3,950
2,497
1,671
6,455
3,993
2,463
1,725
74.7
84.0
63.6
20.2
73.9
83.6
62.2
20.4
6,445
3,948
2,497
1,671
6,454
3,992
2,462
1,725
74.7
84. C
63.6
20.2
73.9
83.6
62.2
20.4
6,388
58 2
203
380
6,667
616
220
396
72.2
46.1
31.3
61.5
73.3
48.0
33.5
63.2
6,028
524
198
3-26
6,284
553
216
337
71.0
43.4
30.8
57.8
72.1
45.4
33.2
59.5
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1,085
3,949
1,738
1,210
1,000
1,124
4,098
1,826
1,236
1,035
80.6
89.0
91. 0
91.7
82.7
80.5
89.6
91.4
91.3
84.6
934
3,798
1,635
1,167
996
963
3,938
1,714
1, 192
1,031
78.2
88.6
90.4
91.4
82.7
76.0
89.2
90.9
91.0
84.5
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
598
378
220
174
632
397
236
198
67.0
75.7
55.9
19.3
69.1
76.5
59.4
21.3
598
378
220
174
632
397
236'
198
67.0
75.7
55.9
19.3
69.1
76.5
59.4
21.3
1977
1978
MALES
White
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
158
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Labor force by sex. age, and race—Continued
Total labor force
Sex, age, and race
Thousands of parsons
Civilian labor force
Participation rates
1977
1978
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
40,067
4,286
1,735
2,551
42,002
4,482
1,866
2,616
48.5
51.5
42.2
60.6
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
6,619
23,730
9,877
7,156
6,698
6,926
25,007
10,580
7,645
6,782
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,367
2,746
1,622
1,065
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
1977
1978
Thousands of parsons
Participation rates
1977
1978
50.1
54.0
45.5
62.3
39,952
4,267
1,734
2,533
41,878
4,462
1,865
2,597
48.4
51.4
42.2
60.5
50.0
53.9
45.5
62.1
66.7
58.4
59.5
59.6
55.8
68.5
60.5
62.2
61.6
57.1
6,556
23,697
9,848
7,152
6,697
6,860
24,968
10,546
7,641
6,781
66.5
58.4
59.5
59.6
55.8
68.3
60.5
62. 1
61.6
57. 1
4,469
2,825
1,643
1,120
41.0
48.0
32.9
8.1
41.4
48.6
33. 1
8.4
4,367
2,745
1,622
1,065
4,468
2,825
1,643
1, 120
41.0
48.0
32.9
8.1
41.4
48.6
33.1
8.4
34,780
3,849
1,588
2,262
36,298
3,981
1,684
2,297
48.2
54.8
45.8
63.4
49.6
57.0
48.9
64.8
34,686
3,834
1,587
2,247
36,198
3,965
1,683
2,28 1
48. 1
54.7
45.8
63.3
49.5
56.9
48.9
64.6
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,733
20,334
8,349
6,116
5,868
5,958
21,375
8,931
6,518
5,926
67.9
57.6
58.4
58.9
55.4
69.5
59.7
61. 1
60.8
56.7
5,682
20,307
8,326
6,113
5,867
5,906
21,344
8#904
6,515
5,925
67.7
57.6
58.3
58.9
55.4
69.3
59.7
61.0
60.7
56.7
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,918
2,460
1,458
946
3,997
2,528
1,469
986
40.8
47.9
32.7
8.0
41.2
48.5
32.7
8.1
3,918
2,460
1,458
946
3,997
2,526
1,469
986
40.8
47.9
32.7
6.C
41.2
48.5
32.7
e. 1
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,288
436
147
289
5,705
50 C
182
319
51.0
33.8
22.6
45.1
53.5
38.3
27.7
48.9
5,266
433
147
287
5,679
497
182
315
50.9
33.6
22.6
44.8
53.3
38. 1
27.7
48.6
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
886
3,397
1,527
1,040
830
967
3,632
1,649
1, 127
856
59.8
63.6
66.6
63.7
58.7
63. 1
66.0
68.8
67.2
59.8
874
3,390
1,521
1,039
830
954
3,624
1,642
1, 126
856
59.4
63.6
66.5
63.7
58.7
62.8
65.9
68. 7
67. 1
59.8
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
449
285
164
119
472
297
174
134
42.7
49.4
34.5
9.9
43.6
49.4
36.4
10.7
449
285
164
119
472
297
174
134
42.7
49.4
34.5
9.S
43.6
49. 4
36.4
1C .7
1977
1978
FEMALES
White
Black and other
159
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Civilian labor foroa
Sex and age
Employed
Agriculture
cultural
industries
TOTAL
189
368
245
20
9
11
8,680
537
180
356
1,286
351
148
203
12. 6
38. 6
43. 9
35. 5
6,430
1,314
819
495
1,655
6,384
2,819
1,971
1,594
1,295
5,870
2, 518
1, 843
1.510
25
122
44
35
44
1,270
5,748
2,474
1,808
1,466
359
514
301
128
85
21. 7
8. 1
10.7
6. 5
5.3
714
1,970
724
574
671
971
607
363
294
925
575
350
277
45
23
22
32
880
552
328
245
46
32
14
17
4. 7
5.3
3. 7
5.9
802
379
423
1,630
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,334
477
184
294
,718
4,
303
105
198
215
17
8
9
4,503
286
97
188
617
175
79
96
11, 6
36. 7
42,,9
32,,7
2,131
590
392
199
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
831
3,309
1,423
1,014
871
657
3, 073
r
,286
1,
961
827
22
106
38
29
39
635
2,968
1,248
931
789
173
235
137
53
44
20,
.8
7,
,1
9,
.6
.2
.1
224
425
142
106
176
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
548
341
206
169
524
324
200
158
40
20
20
29
484
3C3
180
130
24
17
7
11
4,
.4
.0
5,
.4
3,
6 .5
259
112
147
632
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
18to 19years . . .
4,877
430
153
276
4 ,207
254
84
170
30
3
1
2
4,177
251
83
168
669
176
69
107
13 .7
41 .0
45 .2
38 .6
4,299
724
427
296
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .
8 24
3,C75
1,396
957
723
638
2 ,797
1,232
8€2
683
3
16
6
6
5
635
2,780
1,226
877
677
186
279
164
75
41
22 .6
9 .1
11 .7
7 .8
5,6
490
1,545
582
468
495
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . .
60 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over . . .
423
266
157
125
401
251
150
119
5
3
2
3
396
249
148
115
22
15
7
6
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
10,211
907
337
57C
925
a.557
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Males
NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the 'black and
other' population group.
160
5
!
5. 1
5 .5
4 .6
5. 1
543
267
276
998
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands]
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Employment status and race
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
67,484
54,152
80.2
52,464
49,737
2,308
47,429
2,727
5.2
13,332
68,693
55,152
80.3
53,464
51,212
2,361
48,852
2,252
4.2
13,541
74,256
35,782
48.2
35,685
33,199
537
32,662
2,486
7.0
38,474
75,594
37,521
49.6
37,416
35,180
586
34,593
2,236
6.0
38,073
16,818
9,600
57.1
9,252
7,610
399
7,211
1,642
17.7
7,218
16,771
9,864
58.8
9,540
7,981
395
7,586
1,559
16.3
6,907
59,903
48,347
80.7
46,960
44,784
2,123
42,661
2,176
4.6
11,556
60,877
49,100
80.7
47,733
45,977
2,120
43,857
1,757
3.7
11,777
65,181
30,930
47.5
30,853
28,930
495
28,436
1,922
6.2
34,251
66,229
32.316
48.8
32,233
30,547
545
30,002
1,686
5.2
33,913
14,262
8,582
60.2
8,295
7,C20
375
6,644
1,275
15.4
5,680
14,183
8,748
61.7
8,490
7,312
369
6,S43
1,178
13.9
5,435
7,581
5,805
76.6
5,504
4,953
185
4,768
551
10.0
1,776
7,816
6,052
77.4
5,731
5,236
241
4,995
495
8.6
1,765
9,075
4,851
53.5
4,832
4,268
42
4,226
564
11.7
4,223
2,557
1,019
3S.8
957
59C
24
567
367
38.3
1,538
2,588
1,116
43. 1
1,050
669
26
643
381
36.3
1,472
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
158,559
99,534
62.8
97,401
90,546
3,244
87,302
6,855
7.0
59,025
161,058
102,537
63.7
100,420
94,373
3,342
91,031
6,047
6.0
58,521
139,346
87,859
63.1
86,107
80,734
2,993
77,741
5,373
6.2
51,488
141,289
90,165
63.8
88,456
83,836
3,034
80,802
4,620
5.2
51,124
19,212
11,675
60.8
11,294
9,812
251
9,561
1,482
13.1
7,537
19,769
12,372
62.6
11,964
10,537
3C8
10,229
1,427
11.9
7,397
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries....
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
1
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries....
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
9,365
5,204
55.6
5, 182
4,632
41
4,591
550
10.6
4,160
161
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Black and other
Employment status
Both
sexes
Both
sexes
Both
sexes
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking fur full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
25#253
16,216
6U.2
12,757
8,924
70.0
12,497
7,293
58.4
21,414
14,263
66.6
10,864
7,849
72.3
10,550
6,414
60.8
3,839
1,953
50.9
1,893
1,C74
56.8
15,484
13,261
554
12,707
2,223
1,419
804
14.4
9,037
8,242
7,100
445
6,655
1,141
745
397
13.8
3,833
7,243
6,161
109
6,052
1,082
675
407
14.9
5,204
13,681
12,029
517
11,512
1,652
1,021
632
12.1
7,151
7,308
6,451
413
6,038
857
546
311
11.7
3,015
6,373
5,578
104
5,474
795
475
32C
12.5
4,136
1,803
1,232
36
1, 195
571
399
172
31.7
1,886
934
64S
32
617
265
199
86
30.5
818
870
583
5
578
286
200
86
32.9
1,068
3,584
2,917
127
2,790
667
1 12
555
18.6
6,050
1,867
1,507
102
1,405
360
60
300
19.3
3,029
1,717
1,410
26
1,384
307
52
255
17.9
3,021
3,215
2,703
124
2,579
512
72
440
15.9
4,811
1,678
1,399
98
1,302
278
39
240
16.6
2,414
1,537
1,303
26
1,278
233
33
200
15.2
2,397
370
214
4
210
156
40
115
42.1
1,239
189
107
4
103
62
21
6C
43.3
615
181
107
107
74
19
55
40.8
624
11,900
10,344
427
9,917
1,556
1,307
248
13.1
2,987
6,375
5,594
344
5,250
781
6£5
97
12.3
804
5,525
4,751
83
4,668
775
623
152
14.0
2,183
10,467
9,326
393
d,933
1,140
949
192
1v.9
2,340
5,630
5,052
315
4,736
578
507
71
10.3
601
4,837
4,274
78
4 , 197
562
442
120
11.6
1,739
1,433
1,018
34
964
415
358
57
29. C
647
7 45
542
28
514
203
178
25
27.2
204
689
476
5
471
212
181
32
30.8
444
1,946
679
45.1
Major activity: going to school
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
162
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Fulltime labor forc«
Race, sex, and age
Part-time labor force
Ur>employed
(looking for
full-time work)
En- ployed
Total
Employed
Total
Fulltime
schedules1
Part
Ni mber
reasons
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Percent of
full-time
labor force
on voluntary
part time 1
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
85,530
10,132
5,208
1,312
3,896
80,322
12,965
67,359
55,671
11,688
77,396
7,693
3,652
741
2,911
73,744
11,044
62,701
51,771
10,930
3,428
1,020
697
283
414
2,731
685
2,047
1,621
426
4 ,706
1,419
860
288
572
3,847
1,236
2,611
2 ,279
332
5.5
14.0
16.5
21.9
14.7
4.8
9.5
3.9
4. 1
2.8
14,890
5,352
4,332
2,739
1,593
10,558
1,958
8,600
5,690
2,91.}
13,549
4,548
3,632
2,245
1,387
9,916
1,769
8,147
5,367
2,780
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
53,688
5,662
2,942
5C,746
7,3C4
43,441
3f,666
7,775
49,592
4,427
2,140
47,452
6,307
41,145
33,791
7,355
1,588
510
359
1,229
336
893
688
205
2 ,508
745
443
2 ,065
661
1, 4 0 3
1,188
216
4.7
13.1
15.1
4. 1
9. 1
3,2
3.3
2.8
4,854
2,560
2,136
2,719
759
1,959
725
1,234
4,311
2,163
1,780
2,531
687
1,845
671
1, 174
543
397
356
187
72
116
55
60
11.2
15.5
16.7
6.9
9.5
5.9
7.6
4.9
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .
31,843
4,450
2,266
29,577
5,661
23,916
20,00 4
3,912
27,804
3,266
1,512
26,292
4,737
21,555
17,980
3,575
1,84 0
50 9
338
1,502
34 9
1,153
933
220
2 ,199
675
1, 7 8 2
575
1,207
1, 0 9 0
117
6.9
15.2
18.4
6.0
10.2
5.0
5.4
3.0
10,035
2,792
2,196
7,839
1 , 199
6,641
4,964
1,676
9,238
2,386
1,853
7,385
1,082
6,303
4,696
1,607
798
407
344
454
117
337
268
70
7.9
14.6
15.6
5.8
9.7
5.1
5.4
4.2
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
47,938
5,010
2,609
45,328
6,417
38,911
31,832
7,07 9
44,697
4,035
1,977
42,720
5,656
37,064
30,338
6,726
1,305
429
303
1,002
278
724
555
1,936
546
330
1, 6 0 6
'4 83
1 ,123
938
185
4.0
10.9
12.6
3.5
7.5
2.9
2.9
2.6
4,320
2,298
1,915
2,405
683
1,722
622
1,100
3,891
1,987
1,636
2,255
626
1,6 30
578
1,052
429
311
279
150
57
93
44
49
9.9
13.5
14.6
6.2
8.4
5-4
7.1
4.5
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
27,115
3,86 0
1,979
25, 136
4,846
20,290
16,779
3,512
24,012
2,944
1,383
22,629
4,161
16,465
15,225
3,244
1,497
44 1
29 7
1,200
29 0
91 1
1,606
475
299
1 ,306
396
911
811
100
5.9
12.3
15.1
5.2
8.2
4.5
4.8
2.8
9,084
2,514
1,986
7,098
1,060
6,039
4,566
1,472
8,434
2,193
1,716
6,718
967
5,750
4,335
1,416
549
320
270
379
92
286
231
55
7.1
12.7
13.6
5.3
8.7
4.7
5. 1
3.7
5,750
672
333
5,417
687
4 # 531
3,835
696
4,896
392
163
4,732
651
4,081
3,4 52
629
263
81
56
227
5fi
169
133
37
572
199
113
458
178
281
251
31
9.9
29.6
34.0
8.5
20.1
6.2
6.5
4.5
534
26 1
221
314
76
237
103
134
420
176
144
276
62
215
93
122
114
86
77
37
15
21
10
11
21.4
32.8
34.9
11.8
19.5
8.9
9.7
8.2
4,728
591
287
4,441
815
3,628
3,226
402
3,792
323
129
3,663
576
3,086
2,755
331
34 3
68
41
303
60
243
191
52
593
200
117
476
179
296
279
17
12.5
33.8
40.9
10.7
22.0
8.2
8.6
4.2
951
279
210
741
139
602
398
204
803
192
137
667
115
552
361
191
148
86
74
75
24
5C
37
13
15.6
31.0
35.0
10.1
17.6
8.3
9.3
6.4
41b
1,341
804
699
494
• 206
641
189
453
323
130
9.0
15.0
16.1
18.0
12.9
6.1
9.6
5.3
5.7
4.5
White
169
742
169
Black and other
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
,
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and
)art-time employed categories.
163
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Civilian labor force
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Fsfitily relationship
Percent
of
Employed
Number
Total
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
58,521
Percent
of
labor
force
33,123
7,338
2,766
15,294
9,108
1,757
85
6,783
132
36
1
64
217
120
7
67
1,157
370
25
698
7,602
1,231
53
5,953
Total, 16 years and over
100,420
63.2
94,373
6,047
6.0
Husbands1
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force
40,462
19,841
1,118
18,003
81.6
91.9
92.9
72.6
39,344
19,374
1,028
17,522
1,118
467
90
481
2.8
2.4
8.1
2.7
Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force
22,801
20,402
557
1,842
47.9
53.8
53.7
21.4
21,598
19,374
467
1,757
1,203
1,028
90
85
5.3
5.0
16.2
4.6
24,785
17,522
481
6,783
22,759
16,354
449
5,957
262
229
8
26
254
95
8
152
1,509
846
17
648
Relatives in husband-wife families .
16-19 years
20-24 years
14,346
6,865
4,931
2,550
62.1
58.1
76.3
52.9
12,605
5,866
4,410
2,329
1,741
999
521
221
12.1
14.6
10.6
8.7
8,756
4,951
1,535
2,270
1,387
217
171
999
5,019
3,908
1,007
104
394
17
38
339
1,956
810
319
827
Women who head families . . . .
Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over
4,811
4,085
1,407
1,182
1,496
58.5
56.9
51.9
71.6
53.1
4,405
3,355
1,033
962
1,360
407
730
374
220
136
8.5
17.9
26.6
18.6
9.1
3,406
3,095
1,302
468
1,325
2,789
819
106
107
606
108
1,190
934
219
37
134
269
9
23
237
376
817
254
120
443
13,915
59.8
13,066
848
6.1
9,371
5,237
542
558
3,034
Persons not living in families 2
1
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.
.
2
Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons i
secondary families.
10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Marital status, MM, a§e, and race
1977
Unemployment
rate*
ThouMndi of
person*
Thousands of
pertom
1978
1977
1978
1977
1977
1978
Total, 16 year* and over
3,588
3,051
6.2
5.2
3,267
2,996
8.2
7.2
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,1*36
343
1,809
1,106
295
1,650
3.6
8.3
13.4
2.8
6.5
11.6
1,463
580
1,224
1,274
543
1,179
6.5
7.8
12.1
5.5
6.9
10.9
2,843
2,365
5.5
4.5
2,530
2,255
7.3
6.2
1.217
26 2
935
210
1,221
3.4
7.7
11.6
2.6
5.8
9.9
1,244
421
866
1,063
385
807
6.2
7. 1
10.0
5.1
6. 1
8.8
686
12.4
10.9
737
741
14.0
13. 1
219
81
445
2,6 30
1,333
327
971
171
85
429
6.2
10.6
25.5
4.8
9.8
22.9
219
159
359
211
158
372
9.3
11.0
24.5
8.7
10.1
21.9
2,171
5.2
4.2
2,436
2,193
7.0
6.0
1,028
274
869
3.5
8.3
11.3
2-7
6.4
9.3
1,357
530
549
1,184
506
503
6.3
7.9
8.8
5.3
7.1
7.5
2,094
1,690
4.6
3.7
1,876
1,650
1,127
250
717
867
196
628
3.2
7.8
9.7
2.5
5.7
7.9
1,149
379
348
985
355
310
537
481
10.1
8.7
560
544
11.9
10.8
207
77
252
163
79
240
6.1
10.6
20.6
4.8
9.6
18.1
208
151
202
199
152
194
9.0
11.2
19.0
8.4
10.4
15.8
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,364
Black and other, 16 years and over . .
745
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never nwrled)
164
6.3
5.3
5.9
7. 1
6.7
4.9
6.2
5.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
11. Unemployed person* by occupation of last job and aax
Thousands of parsons
Occupation
1977
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft . . .
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
6,855
2,024
426
276
318
1,00*.
2,656
708
365
343
1,087
246
616
173
443
1,102
60
1,042
133
940
7 04
152
84
1978
6,047
1,717
381
214
256
866
2,323
603
322
281
960
195
566
172
394
1,029
63
966
110
868
652
142
73
1977
7.0
4.3
3.0
2.8
5.3
5.9
8.1
5.6
9.3
4.0
9.5
6.6
12.0
17.7
10.7
8.2
5.0
8.5
4.6
1978
6.0
3.5
2.6
2.1
4.1
4.9
6.9
4.6
7.9
3.2
8.1
5.2
10.7
16.1
9.3
7.4
5.1
7.6
3.8
1977
1978
6.2
3.0
2.3
2.3
4.0
5.0
7.4
5.5
9.2
3.8
8.0
6.6
12.1
17.6
10.7
7.5
5.2
2.3
2.0
1.7
3.0
4.1
6.2
4.6
7.8
3.0
6.5
5. 1
10.8
16.1
9.3
6.8
(D
d)
7.5
4.0
6.8
2.9
1977
1978
8.2
5.5
3.9
4.4
€.8
6.1
11.0
7.4
7.2
4.6
3.5
3.4
5.5
5.1
9.7
6.0
12.5
5.4
10.4
7.4
9.8
(D
6.9
11.7
6.7
11.0
(D
10.5
8.6
4.9
9.2
7.6
(D
9.6
7.8
5.0
8.2
7.5
—
Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.
12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry
1977
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment . . .
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience
1978
1977
100.0
72.5
.5
8.5
21. 1
11.5
.9
.7
.8
1. 1
1.5
1.6
2.0
1. 6
.7
.9
.4
100.0
71.5
.6
8.5
20.0
10.7
.9
.5
.6
.9
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.6
.9
.7
.4
1.1
9.4
2.4
.9
2.1
.5
1.2
.5
.9
.7
3.2
.3
2. 1
.8
20.9
2.6
15.7
6.7
9.0
2.2
11.8
14.3
7.0
7.0
3.8
12.7
6.7
6.2
8.5
8.7
7.9
5.7
6.9
4.5
6.2
5.2
3.9
6.9
5.2
9.3
7.4
9.8
7.6
10.0
5.2
5.3
4.1
7.1
7.6
4.7
3.4
6.6
2.8
8.0
3.9
6.6
4.9
8.8
11.1
3.2
. 9
9.6
2.7
1. 1
2.0
.6
1.0
.7
.8
.7
3.5
.3
2. 3
21. 1
2.7
15.2
6.3
8.9
2. 4
11.4
13.7
1977
6.0
5.9
4.1
10.6
5.5
4.9
7.7
5.8
5.5
4.2
5.4
3.3
5.1
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.4
8.5
6.3
7.4
6.0
9.3
4.5
4.9
2.7
7.5
6.9
3.7
3.5
5.1
2.2
6.9
3.1
5.7
4.3
7.6
8.8
2.9
6.2
6.4
3.3
12.9
5.3
5.3
8.7
7.6
7.4
5.5
6.5
3.9
3.9
4.6
3.6
6.0
3.8
6.8
5.3
7. 1
6.7
8.4
3.5
4.3
3.0
5.1
5.6
4.6
3.4
6.7
2.0
6.8
3.0
6.4
3.9
8.6
10.0
2.6
1978
5.2
5.2
4.2
10.8
4.2
4.1
7.5
4.9
4.7
3.9
4.6
2.9
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
2.5
6.3
4.4
5.7
4.8
7.5
3.2
4.1
1.8
5.2
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.9
1. 4
5.6
2.7
5.2
3.6
6.6
7.2
2.4
1977
1978
8.2
8.0
8.6
9.8
9.7
8.9
7.5
11.4
9.6
7.1
8.3
6.8
9.4
8.7
5.4
13.4
7.0
12.5
10.4
16.2
8.4
10.5
10.8
6.7
7.4
10.8
10.6
5.0
3.6
6.3
4. 3
9.5
4.5
6.8
5.4
9.0
15.4
4.0
7.2
6.8
3.6
7.7
8.2
7.4
9.2
7.6
8.5
6.3
8.0
5.2
7.6
5.9
4.9
7.0
6.8
11.0
9.0
11.2
7.3
9.8
8.6
6.1
5.4
11.3
10.7
4.4
3.7
5.8
3.5
8.3
3.4
6.0
4.6
8.4
14.5
3.5
165
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Males, 20 years
and over
Total
unemployed
F«mal«f, 20 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Rmon for untmploymtnt
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1977
1978
1978
1977
1978
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands. . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers .
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants . . . .
6,855
3,103
853
2,250
889
1,925
938
6,047
2,514
698
1,816
851
1,814
867
2,727
1,776
488
1,288
325
527
99
2,252
1,387
387
1,000
326
456
82
2,486
1,012
28 9
723
411
927
136
2,236
831
248
583
36 2
909
134
1,642
314
77
237
154
471
703
1,559
296
64
232
164
448
651
5,373
2,497
738
1,759
759
1,448
669
4,620
1,S72
593
1,379
709
1,348
591
1,482
606
116
490
130
477
268
1,427
542
105
437
142
467
276
100.0
45.2
12.4
32.8
13.0
28.1
13.7
100.0
41.5
11.5
30.0
14. 1
30.0
14.3
100.0
65. 2
17.9
47.3
11.9
19.3
3.6
100.0
61-6
17.2
44.4
14.5
20.3
3.6
100.0
40.7
11.6
29. 1
16. 5
37.3
5.5
100.0
37.2
11.1
26.1
16. 2
40.7
6.0
100.0
19.2
4.7
14.5
9. 4
28.7
42.8
100.0
19.0
4.1
14.9
10-5
28.8
41.8
100.0
46.4
13.7
32.7
14-1
27.0
12.5
100.0
42.6
12.8
29.8
15.4
29.2
12.8
100.0
40.9
7.8
33. 1
8.8
32.2
18.1
100.0
38.0
7.3
30.7
9.9
32.7
19.4
7.0
3.2
.9
2.0
1.0
6.0
2.5
.8
1-8
.9
5.2
3^ 4
.6
1.0
.2
4.2
2. 6
.6
. 9
. 2
7.0
2. 8
1. 2
2.6
. 4
6.0
2.3
1.3
2.4
.4
16.3
3.1
1.7
4.7
6.8
6.2
2.9
.9
1.7
.8
5.2
2.3
.8
1.5
.7
13.1
5.3
1.2
4.2
2.4
11.9
4.6
1.2
3.9
2.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers..
.
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
.
.
.
.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job losers rate1
Job leaver rate'
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate'
17.7
3.4
1.7
5. 1
7.6
Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]
1978
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over. . . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over.
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
166
Less than
5 weeks
15 weeks
and over
27 weeks
and over
6,047
100.0
46.2
31.0
22.8
12.3
10.5
2,514
698
1,816
851
1,814
867
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.6
52.4
33.3
29.3
16.3
34.3
19.6
17.9
17.3
15.8
50. 1
52. 3
51.6
32.1
31.2
32.4
30.3
29.8
31.1
17.8
11.2
9.4
9.3
13.4
5.6
16.5
8.5
8.4
8.0
2,252
100.0
37.9
31.6
30.5
15.5
15.0
1,387
387
1,000
326
456
82
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100-0
100.0
35.2
49. 1
29.9
43.3
42.9
34. 1
32.3
33.3
31.9
31.6
30.2
28.0
32.5
17.6
38.2
25.2
26.9
37.8
16.7
11.4
18.8
14.1
12.7
17.1
15.8
6-2
19.4
11.0
14. 2
20.7
2,236
100.0
47.9
30.4
21.8
11.9
9.9
831
248
583
362
909
134
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.9
52.8
32.9
48. 1
55.6
51. 1
31.9
31.0
32.2
31.2
28.6
30.8
29.2
16.1
34.9
20.7
15.8
18.0
16.4
1C.5
18.8
11.6
8.1
9.0
12.9
1,559
100.0
55.7
31.2
13.2
8.4
4.7
296
64
232
164
448
651
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100-0
100.0
53.7
72. 6
49. 1
67.5
55.0
54. 1
32. 1
17.7
35.8
26.4
32. 1
31.5
14.2
9.7
15.1
6. 1
12.9
14.4
10.1
8.1
10.3
4.3
8.7
8-3
4.1
1.6
4.7
1.8
4.2
6. 1
10.7
5.6
16.1
9.1
7.7
9.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
16. Unemployed jobteeker* by the jobsearch mathod* used. sex. age, and race
1978
Thousands of persons
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Average
number of
methods
Employer
directly
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,047
1,559
1,425
1,358
689
554
338
123
5,200
1,461
1,237
1,125
558
4 47
268
105
26.3
17.1
30.2
31.6
31.4
27.7
26. 1
20.0
5.9
3.1
6.7
7.5
7.2
7.4
6.7
3.8
71.5
78.0
72.4
68.6
68.1
65.5
63.1
64.8
29.2
24.5
31.4
33.3
29.4
29.5
27.6
23.8
13.8
11.9
13.8
15.2
14.0
15.7
13.4
18.1
6.3
5.0
5.2
6.3
7.0
8.7
12.7
6.7
1.53
1.40
1.60
1.62
1.57
1.55
1.50
1.37
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,051
799
733
655
308
280
195
81
2,550
744
6 15
512
234
221
153
70
28.4
17.3
32.8
36.9
38.9
28.5
24.8
18.6
5.9
2.6
7.2
7. 8
8.1
7.2
6.5
2.9
72.2
78.9
72.7
69.5
66.7
67.4
64.7
68.6
26.6
22.2
29.6
30.9
27.4
26.2
22.9
22.9
16.2
14.4
16.3
18.4
15.8
18.6
13.1
18.6
8.2
5.5
6.3
8.2
11.5
12.7
17.0
7.1
1.57
1.41
1.65
1.72
1.68
1.61
1.49
1.39
Females, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,996
760
692
703
38 2
274
144
43
2,651
717
622
613
324
226
115
35
24.3
27. 1
25.9
27.0
27.8
22.9
6.0
3.8
6.3
7.0
6.5
7.5
7.0
5.7
70.7
77.3
72.0
67.9
69.1
63.7
60.9
57.1
31.6
26.9
33.3
35.4
30.9
32.7
34.8
22.9
11.5
9.3
11.4
12.6
12.7
12.4
13-9
20.0
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.6
3.7
4.9
7.8
5.7
1.49
1.39
1.55
1.54
1.49
1.48
1.52
1.34
White, 16 years and over .
Males
Females
4,620
2,365
2 r 255
3,894
1,937
1,957
24.0
26.0
22.1
5.8
5.7
6.0
72.6
73.2
71.9
30.4
27.4
33.4
13.7
15.7
11.7
6.3
8.3
4.3
1.53
1.56
1.49
Black and other, 16 years
and over
Males
Females
1,427
686
741
1,307
6 13
694
33. 1
35.9
30.5
6.2
6.5
5.9
68.2
69.2
67.4
25.6
24.1
26.8
14.2
17.6
11.2
6.3
7.5
5.2
1.54
1.61
1.47
17.0
27.5
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or waiting to
begain a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted
that the percent using each method will always total more than 100 because many jobseekers use more
than 1 method.
16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
1978
Thousands of persons
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Average
number of
methods
used
Sex and reason
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
Placed
Friends
or
relatives
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
lob leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,047
2,514
851
1,814
867
5,200
1,809
837
1,704
851
26.3
35.3
26.4
21.5
16.7
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
3.3
71.5
69.9
74.1
69.4
76.4
29.2
30.5
33.8
28.3
23.5
13.8
15.9
12.7
13.0
12.3
6.3
7.4
4.3
7.0
4.6
.53
I. 66
I.58
.45
.37
Males, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,051
1,572
406
687
38 5
2,550
1,137
398
637
378
28.4
35.4
28.1
22.6
17.2
5.9
7.1
6.0
5.2
3.2
72.2
70.6
74.1
71.3
76.7
26.6
27.4
31.2
24.6
22.5
16.2
16.8
14.6
16.3
15*9
8.2
9.2
5.0
9.9
5.3
.57
.67
.59
.50
.41
Females, 16 years and over . . . .
Job losers
Job leavers
2,996
942
445
1,127
482
2,651
672
439
1,066
473
24.3
35.1
24.8
20.7
16.5
6.0
7.4
6.8
5.8
3.4
70.7
68.6
74.0
68.4
76.3
31.6
35.6
36.2
30.6
24.3
11.5
14.3
11.2
10,9
9.5
0.6
4.2
3.6
5.4
.49
.65
New entrants
Employer
directly
ads
Other
-«J7
1.42
1.34
NOTE: See note, table 15.
167
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-tiNM workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Thousands of parsons
1977
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Pwc#nt distribution
1978
1977
1978
100.0
6,855
6,047
100.0
2,856
2,089
1,507
582
1,911
896
1,015
516
499
2,793
1,875
1,377
499
1,379
746
633
322
311
41.7
30.5
22.0
8.5
27.9
13.1
14.8
7.5
7.3
14.3
7.0
11.9
5.9
—
Ptreant distributio
Tnoussnos of persons
46.2
31.0
22.8
8.3
22.8
12.3
10.5
5.3
5. 1
—
1977
1977
1978
1978
5,432
4,706
100.0
100.0
2,054
1,677
1,198
479
1,701
784
9 17
465
4 52
1,996
1.498
1,087
411
1,213
647
566
290
276
37.8
30.9
22.1
8.8
31.3
14.4
16.9
8.6
8.3
42.4
31.8
23.1
8.7
25.8
13.7
12.0
6.2
5.9
15.7
8.1
13.0
6.7
—
—
18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
TnouMnos of persons
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Lass than
5 weeks
6 to 14
27 weeks
Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks
duration,
in waaks
1978
Lass than 5 waaks as a 15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed percent of unemployed
in group
in group
1977
1978
1977
1978
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,047
2,223
1,559
1,425
1,358
689
554
338
123
2,793
1,191
868
666
597
291
201
123
47
1,875
699
486
462
423
208
173
92
31
746
211
131
177
185
97
89
51
16
633
123
74
120
154
92
91
72
29
11.9
8.5
7.9
10.7
12.4
13.5
16.8
19.6
20.3
5-9
4.7
4.5
5.7
6.4
6.8
8.8
9.2
8.7
41.7
50.7
53.1
42.5
38.1
38.4
32.9
30.9
33.3
46.2
53.6
55.7
46.7
43.9
42.3
36.2
36.4
38.2
27.9
17.8
15.6
25.4
31.0
32.4
38.8
41.3
43.4
22.8
15.0
13.2
20.8
24.9
27.5
32.5
36.3
36.8
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,051
1,141
799
733
655
308
280
195
81
1,292
591
438
317
249
110
86
63
30
959
359
248
241
215
92
87
56
18
424
122
73
105
105
51
49
30
11
376
70
39
70
86
55
59
46
22
13.4
8.9
8.1
11.5
14.0
16.5
19.9
22.2
21.7
6.8
4.8
4.6
6.5
7.9
8.6
10.5
10.2
10.2
38.1
48.4
51.3
39.1
33.1
33.2
28.7
27.7
32.5
42.4
51.8
54.9
43.2
38.0
35.7
30.5
32.3
36.6
31.3
20.0
16.9
28.8
35.5
37.9
43.9
44.5
42.7
26.2
16.8
14.1
23.8
29. 1
34.3
38.3
38.8
40.9
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,996
1,08-2
760
692
703
382
274
144
43
1,501
599
430
349
34 7
182
115
60
18
917
340
238
221
207
116
86
36
13
322
89
57
72
80
46
40
21
5
257
53
35
49
68
38
33
26
7
10.5
8.1
7.7
9.9
10.9
11.0
13.7
16.0
17.5
5.0
4.5
4.4
5.0
5.1
5.6
7.0
7.6
6.8
45.6
53.2
55.1
46.5
43.6
43.0
37.0
34.9
34.8
50.1
55.4
56.6
50.4
49.4
47.6
42.0
41.9
41.4
24. 1
15.3
14.2
21.5
26.0
27.5
33.7
37.3
44.6
19.3
13.2
12.2
17.6
21.1
22.0
26.6
33.0
29.1
White, 16 years and over
Males
Females
4,620
2,365
2,255
2,212
1,047
1,166
1,413
738
675
553
314
239
442
267
175
11.3
12.6
9.8
5.5
6.3
4.8
42.6
39.3
46.3
47.9
44.3
51.7
27.5
30.5
24.2
21.5
24.5
18.4
Black and other, 16 years and over
Males
Females
1,427
686
741
581
246
335
462
221
241
193
110
83
191
109
82
14.0
15.9
12.3
7.2
8.6
6.1
38.2
33.4
43.0
40.7
35.8
45.2
29. 1
34.5
23.6
26.9
32.0
22.2
Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,106
295
1,650
397
118
778
355
86
518
179
39
206
175
52
149
15.8
17.3
11.1
8.6
7.7
5.6
33.3
31.0
43.2
35.9
39.8
47.1
36.4
39.2
25.7
32.0
31.0
21.5
, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
1,274
543
1,179
636
251
614
382
167
367
153
59
110
103
66
88
10.2
12.4
9.8
5.0
5.9
4.8
46.2
38.0
48.4
49.9
46.2
52.0
25.2
30.3
19.8
20.1
23.0
16.8
Total, 16 years and over
168
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of par ions
Total
Uutlwn
5 weeks
6 to 14
weeks
16 to 26
«VMkl
27 weeks
and over
111!
Occupation and industry
Median
duration,
in waaks
1978
Lass than 5 weeks
as a parcant of
unemployed in group
1977
1978
15 weeks and over
At a percent of
unemployed in group
1978
1977
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales workers
Clerical workers
1,717
595
256
866
769
23 6
122
411
522
184
77
260
224
79
33
112
202
97
23
82
12.6
14.9
11.4
11.4
6.2
7.6
5.5
5.6
39.7
36.3
42.5
41.2
44.8
39.7
47.7
47.5
30.4
34.5
28.0
28.3
24.8
29.4
22.1
22.5
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
2,323
603
960
195
566
1,006
248
423
76
259
736
194
297
66
179
318
88
126
30
74
264
72
113
24
54
12.6
13.6
12.4
13.3
11.6
6.5
6.9
6.4
7.3
6.1
39.3
36.7
41.9
36.4
38.7
43.3
41.2
44.1
39.0
45.7
30.4
32.2
29.3
32.2
29.6
25.0
26.6
24.9
27.4
22.7
1,029
510
315
110
11.0
5.1
45.0
49.6
24.5
541
136
1,219
650
569
221
1,273
1,467
193
241
73
509
257
252
93
616
680
72
180
42
372
193
178
67
390
455
64
70
16
182
105
77
32
148
17 2
31
6
50
156
94
62
28
119
160
26
11.8
8.3
13.4
14.3
12.4
13.5
11. 1
12.1
14.1
6.2
4.7
7.0
7.7
6.3
6.9
5.3
5.8
8.1
37.1
48.4
38.9
37.0
41.3
38.2
42.5
41.8
35.8
44.5
53.8
41.7
39.6
44.2
42.2
46.4
46.4
37.4
31.6
20.8
32.4
34.6
29.6
31.1
26.8
27.8
32.5
15.7
22.3
27.8
30.7
24.4
27.4
21.0"
22.6
29.6
868
448
270
81
69
10.2
4.8
47.6
51.6
20.3
17.3
INDUSTRY
1
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1
19.8
93
Service workers
Includes wage and salary workers only.
20. Employed persons by sex and age
[In thousands!
Total
Males
Females
Age and type of industry
1977
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 *o 59 years
60 to 64 years
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
90,546
7,610
3,084
4,526
12,855
56,351
23,140
16,990
16,221
10,966
6,810
4, 157
2,763
94,373
7,981
3,269
4,712
13,498
58,759
24,472
17,938
16,349
11,217
7,003
4,213
2,919
53,861
4, 124
1,704
2,420
7,031
34,164
14,049
10,252
9,863
6,794
4, 184
2,699
1,749
55,491
4,279
1,767
2,512
7,330
35,149
14,629
10,678
9,842
6,892
4,266
2,626
1,842
36,685
3,486
1,37S
2,107
5,824
22,188
9,091
6,739
6,358
4,173
2,625
1,547
1,015
38,882
3,702
1,502
2,200
6,168
23,609
9,843
7,260
6,507
4,325
2,738
1,587
1,077
87,302
7,211
2,867
4,344
12,480
54,739
22,584
16,501
15,653
10,449
6,508
3,941
2,423
91,031
7,586
3,054
4,532
13,108
57,092
23,858
17,437
15,796
10,680
6,710
3,970
2,566
51,222
3,793
1,531
2,263
6,717
32,911
13,616
9,875
9,420
6,359
3,935
2,424
1,442
52,810
3,959
1,596
2,363
7,017
33,861
14,148
10,296
9,417
6,447
4,033
2,414
1,527
36,080
3,4 18
1,336
2,082
5,764
21,828
8,969
6,626
6,233
4,090
2,573
1,516
981
38,221
3,627
1,458
2,169
6,091
23,231
9,710
7,141
6,379
4,234
2,677
1,556
1,038
3,244
399
217
182
37 5
1,613
556
490
567
5 17
301
216
340
3,342
395
214
180
390
1,667
614
501
553
536
293
243
354
2,639
331
174
157
314
1,253
433
376
443
434
249
185
307
2,681
320
170
150
313
1,288
481
382
425
445
233
212
315
605
68
43
25
60
360
122
113
125
83
52
31
33
661
75
44
30
77
379
133
119
127
91
60
31
39
169
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
21. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
[In thousands]
Males, 20 yaar» and over
Females, 20 ytars and ovar
Males. 16-1t yaan
Famatas, 16-19 yaart
Occupation
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
90,546
94,37 3
49,73 7
51,212
33,199
35,180
4,124
4,279
3,486
3,702
45,187
47,205
21,348
21,981
21,453
22,741
660
652
1,726
1,831
13,692
2,471
3,024
8,197
14,245
2,605
2,992
8,648
7,772
86 7
873
6,032
8,066
915
863
6,288
5,741
1,586
2,126
2,029
5,988
1,670
2,106
2,212
84
5
6
73
97
3
5
89
95
14
19
62
94
18
17
59
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade .
9,662
7,821
934
908
10,105
8,277
895
7,687
2,119
1,706
277
135
2,324
53
50
2
1
56
51
2
3
31
37
29
2
1
36
933
7,457
6,034
652
77 1
Sales workers
Retail trade . . . . . .
Other industries . . .
5,728
3,124
2,60 4
5,951
3,172
2,779
2,993
97 2
2,021
3,056
2,090
1,588
502
2,254
1,633
621
258
55
230
180
49
388
361
27
412
383
29
16,106
4,510
11,596
16,904
4,729
12,175
3,126
69
3,057
3 , 172
3,103
11,503
4,086
7,417
12,175
4,290
7,885
265
6
259
269
6
263
1,212
348
864
1,288
365
923
30,211
31,531
22,596
23,367
4,948
5,313
2,260
2,398
407
454
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
'Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
All other
11,881
1,171
2,40 4
3,180
1,229
12,386
1,253
2,508
3,335
1,213
10,84 1
1,08 1
2,271
2,992
1,164
11,213
1 , 166
2,351
3,124
1,145
560
8
22
42
34
653
10
31
47
34
440
80
108
143
29
476
75
120
161
33
39
2
3
2
1
44
2
6
2
1
1,554
2,343
1,671
2,404
1,40 3
1,930
1,496
1,930
137
317
164
366
11
69
9
77
3
28
31
Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries
10,354
4,613
3,367
2,373
10,875
4,909
3,479
2,487
5,60 7
2,893
1,284
1,430
5,858
3,031
1,354
1,473
3,832
1,436
1,840
556
4,025
1,538
1,874
612
651
201
117
334
696
232
119
264
84
126
54
296
108
132
56
Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles . . . .
All other
3,476
3,065
2,563
502
3,096
2,606
490
222
204
17
242
230
12
173
140
33
188
555
3,541
3,011
530
26
16
14
2
15
13
2
Nonfarm laborers .
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . .
Other industries .
4,500
807
1,069
2,624
4,729
895
1,106
2,728
3,083
631
805
1,648
3,200
700
818
1,682
334
10
121
203
393
15
143
235
995
162
135
698
1,038
175
132
730
88
4
8
75
98
5
13
81
12,392
12,839
3,792
3,844
6,376
6,673
922
960
1,301
1,341
1,158
11,234
4,095
1,324
5,815
1,162
11,677
4,283
1,358
6,036
21
3,772
741
1,198
14
3,829
753
1,220
886
5,490
2,075
99
5,779
2,170
111
15
908
548
21
339
13
947
581
23
343
2 36
1,065
732
5
240
1,121
1,833
1,856
3,316
3,498
2,756
2,798
282
269
Farmers and farm managers . . .
1,459
1,480
14
17
Farm laborers and supervisors . .
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers
1,296
973
323
1,318
267
252
199
195
57
TOTAL
White-collar workers .
Professional and technical
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Clerical workers
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
.
.
.
.
Service workers .
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household . .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
Farm workers
2,921
2,001
1,353
170
1,019
299
6,279
617
791
976
2,079
69
2,020
421
1,910
27 5
138
203
345
161
92
648
688
613
35
655
33
323
132
191
779
4
338
56
52
130
329
126
203
2
328
453
1,332
1
1
69
51
35
16
55
37
18
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
[Percent distribution]
Occupation and race
1977
1978
1977
197«
1977
1978
90,546
100.0
94,373
100.0
53,861
100.0
55,491
100.0
36,685
100.0
38,882
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical work«rs
49.9
15- 1
10.7
6.3
17.8
50.0
15.1
10.7
6.3
17.9
HO.9
14.6
13.9
6.0
6.3
40.8
14.7
14.0
5.9
6.2
63.2
15.9
5.9
6.6
34.7
63.2
15.6
6.1
6.9
34.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
33.4
13.1
11.4
3.8
5.0
33.4
13. 1
11.5
3.8
5.0
46.1
20.9
11.6
6.0
7.6
46.4
21.1
11.8
5.9
7.6
14.6
1.6
11.2
.6
1.2
14.8
1.8
11.1
.7
1-3
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
13.7
1.3
12.4
13.6
1-2
12.4
6.8
.1
8.7
8.7
(1)
8.6
20.9
3.1
17.9
20.7
2.9
17.7
3.0
1.6
1.4
3.0
1.6
1.4
4.2
2.5
1.7
4.1
2.4
1.7
1.3
.3
1.0
1.3
.3
1.0
80,734
100.0
83,836
100.0
48,578
100.0
49,893
100.0
32,156
100.0
33,943
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
51.7
15.5
11.4
6.8
18.0
51.8
15.5
11.4
6.7
18.0
42.4
15.1
14.8
6.4
6,1
42.4
15.3
14.8
6.3
6.0
65.6
16.1
6.3
7.3
35.9
65.5
15.9
6.5
7.4
35.7
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
32.9
13.6
11.0
3.7
4.6
32.9
13.7
11.0
3,.6
4.6
45.3
21.5
11.3
5.7
6.8
45.6
21.7
11.4
5.6
7.0
14.1
1.7
10.6
.7
1.1
14.3
1.9
10.5
-7
1.2
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
12.3
.9
11.4
12.3
.9
11.4
7.9
.1
7.9
7.8
(D
7.8
19.0
2.2
16.7
18.8
2.2
16.6
3.1
1.8
1.4
3.0
1.7
1.3
4.3
2.7
1.6
4.2
2.6
1.5
1.3
.3
1.1
1.4
.4
1.0
9,812
100.0
10,537
100.0
5,283
100.0
5,599
100.0
4,529
100.0
4,938
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
35.3
11.8
4.8
2.6
16.1
36.2
11.7
4.8
2.8
16.9
26.3
9.6
6.4
2.6
7.7
26.7
9.8
6.5
2.6
7.8
45.8
14.3
2.9
2.6
26.0
47.1
13.8
2.9
3. 1
27.2
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
i
3 7.6
9.0
15. 1
5.2
8.3
37.2
8.8
15.5
5.0
7.9
54.0
15.5
14.8
9.3
14.4
53.6
15.4
15.7
8.9
13.6
18.4
1.3
15.5
.4
1.2
18.6
1.3
15.3
.5
1.4
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
25.0
4.2
20.8
24.1
3.6
20.5
16.5
.2
16.3
15.9
.1
15.8
34.9
8.9
26.0
33.4
7.7
25.8
2.2
.4
1.8
2.4
.5
2.0
3.2
.7
2.6
3.9
.8
3.0
(D
.9
.9
.1
.7
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors . . .v
Whit*
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and-supervisors
Black and othar
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
.9
' Less than 0.05 percent.
171
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES
23. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1978
1978
Percent of total
Percent of total
Occupations
Occupation!
94,373
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Accountants
Architects
Computer specialists
Computer programmers
Computer systems analysts
Engineers
Aeronautical and astronautical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Foresters and conservationists
Lawyers and judges
Lawyers
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Life and physical scientists
Biological scientists
Chemists
Operations and systems researchers and analyst* . .
Personnel and labor relations workers
Physicians, dentists and related practitioners
Dentists
Pharmacists
Physicians, medical and osteopathte
Nurses, dieticians, and therapists
Registered nurses
.,
Therapists
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiologic technologists and technicians
Religious workers
Clergy
Social scientists
Economists
Psychologists
Social and recreation workers
Social workers
,
Recreation workers
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Adult education teachers
Elementary school teachers
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers . . . .
Secondary school teachers
Teachers except collage and university, n.e.c . .
Engineering and science technicians
Chemical technicians
Drafters
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
Surveyors
Technicians, except health, engineering and science
Airplane pilots
Radio operators
Vocational and educational counselors
Writers, artists, and entertainers
Athletes and kindred workers
Designers
Editors and reporters
Musicians and composers
Painters and sculptors
Photographers
Public relations specialists and publicity writers
Research workers, not specified
All other professional and technical workers
_
Managers and administrators, except farm
Bank officials and financial managers
Buyers and purchasing agents
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade
Credit and collection managers
Health administrators
_
_
_
41.2
11.2
47,205
14,245
975
69
428
247
152
1,265
59
160
329
206
216
58
499
479
202
187
273
58
118
129
405
756
117
136
424
1,351
1,112
189
498
208
97
325
262
255
118
106
505
385
121
562
2,992
81
1,304
299
1,154
224
985
76
296
227
82
173
69
53
171
1,193
101
161
184
149
186
93
131
122
54
52.1
42.7
30.1
5.8
23.1
26.7
21.1
2.8
8.1
8.7
7.5
5.8
6.5
10,105
573
370
170
49
184
_
_
1.9
1.8
8.7
.9
6.9
9.4
9.4
80.7
84.5
17.9
37.9
14.4
21.7
43.7
10.4
1.7
16.9
11.3
92.9
96.7
70.4
70.9
73.6
67.0
14.8
3.8
33.7
22.9
48.1
61.0
62.3
57.0
33.8
71.0
49.4
84.0
96.5
51.6
75.9
13.4
21.1
11.1
7.9
2.4
17.3
1.4
47.2
52.6
35.5
40.6
27.3
42.4
30.9
44.6
14.0
40.5
32.0
37.0
23.4
30.4
30.5
40.0
36.7
46.2
6.5
7.2
5.5
3.4
8.1
6.4
5.3
5.1
3.4
2.6
2.7
6.9
7.0
9.2
12.1
11.9
6.2
12.3
7.3
4.3
6,6
9.7
11.7
11.7
9.0
12.9
14.4
9.3
8.9
3.1
7.8
8.5
8.5
19.2
19.0
20.7
7.1
9.8
11.1
10.6
15.7
8.6
4.5
7.5
6.6
5.4
11.0
2.4
5.8
1.4
9.4
14.6
5.1
4.0
6.8
4.9
7.4
2.2
5.4
4.6
10.7
11.1
5.0
4.4
4.6
5.3
2.0
7.6
White-collar workers—Continued
Managers and administrators—Continued
Inspectors, except construction and public administration .
Managers and superintendents, building
Office managers, n.e.c
Officials and administrators; public administration n.e.c. . .
Officials of lodges, societies, and unions
Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers
Sales managers and department heads, retail trade
Sales managers, except retail trade
School administrators, college
School administrators, elementary and secondary
All other managers and administrators
Total
employed
98
157
370
420
121
589
343
330
108
275
6,118
15.3
50.3
65.1
24.8
27.3
33.8
37.3
7.0
32.4
35.6
16.6
7.1
6.4
2.4
9.0
7.4
8.7
5.0
1.9
10.7
12.4
4.2
Sales workers
Advertising agents and sales workers
Demonstrators
Hucksters and peddlers
Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters
Newspaper carriers and vendors
Real estate agents and brokers
Stock and bond sales agents
Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c
Sales representatives, manufacturing industries .
Sales representatives, wholesale trade
Sales clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, services and construction
5,951
96
96
203
548
93
555
109
4,247
386
840
2,338
513
169
44.8
35.4
94.8
80.8
20.3
29.0
45.0
.2
46.4
14.5
9.4
71.5
17.5
43.2
5.0
2.1
4.2
5.4
6.8
6.5
2.7
3.7
5.2
3.1
3.8
6.4
2.9
7.7
Clerical workers
Bank tellers
Billing clerks
Bookkeepers
Cashiers
Clerical supervisors, n.e.c
Collectors, bill and account
Counter clerks, except food
Dispatchers and starters, vehicle
Enumerators and interviewers
Estimators and investigators, n.e.c
Expediters and production controllers
File clerks
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators . .
Library attendants and assistants
Mail carriers, post office
Mail handlers, except post office
Messengers and office helpers .
Office machine operators
Bookkeeping and billing machine operators
Computer and peripheral equipment operators .
Key punch operators
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Postal clerks
Receptionists
Secretaries
Secretaries, legal
Secretaries, medical
Secretaries, n.e.c
Shipping and receiving clerks
Statistical clerks
Stenographers
Stock clerks and storekeepers
Teachers aides, except school monitors
Telephone operators
Ticket, station, and express agents
Typists
All other clerical workers
16,904
449
168
1,830
1,403
204
78
37
97
53
45
22
273
169
172
256
162
8
827
4!
393
27
24
26
588
3.59C
16.
8.
3,34
46!
37
9<
50
34:
31
12
1,04
1,67
79.6
91.5
88.1
90.7
87.1
63.2
57.7
77.2
30.9
75.5
53.4
32.1
85.7
51.5
80.8
11.7
49.4
28.7
74.2
86.7
58.3
95.6
75.5
32.2
96.9
99.2
99.4
98.8
99.2
22.8
76.1
90.4
31.2
92.1
94.2
40.6
96.6
41.9
10.5
8.0
7.7
5.0
10.6
11.3
11.5
10.1
9.3
15.9
10.6
8.0
23.4
11.2
11.0
9.4
19.1
20.7
15.4
13.3
13.2
18.3
7.1
24.7
9.5
6.2
3.1
7.2
6.3
14.8
11.7
10.6
12.8
18.1
12.5
11.7
16.2
14.3
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Cement and concrete finshers
Electricians
Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators .
Painters, construction and maintenance
31,53
12,38i
1,25
20
8
59i
42
48.
18.3
5.6
1.0
12.4
7.5
5.3
15.2
36.1
4.4
8.5
9.1
5.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
23. Employed persons by detailed occupation, aex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1978
1978
Percent of total
Occupations
Blue-collar workers—Continued
Craft and kindred workers—Continued
Plumbers and pipefitters
Structural metal craft workers
Roofers and slaters
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c
Machinists and job setters .
Job and die setters, metal
Machinists
Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and
job setters
Millwrights
Molders, metal
Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths
Tool and die makers
Mechanics, automobiles
Automobile body repairers
Automobile mechanics
Mechanics, except automobiles
Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration mechanics
Aircraft mechanics
Data processing machine repairers
Farm implement mechanics
Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel
Household appliance and accessory installers and
mechanics
Office machine repairers
Radio and television repairers
Railroad and car shop mechanics
Printing craft workers
Compositors and typesetters
Printing press operators
Bakers
Cabinetmakers
Carpet installers
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators
Decorators and window dressers
Electric power line and cable installers and repairers
Inspectors, n.e.c
Locomotive engineers
Stationary engineers
Tailors
,
Telephone installers and repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers .
Upholsterers
All other craft workers
Operatives, except transport
Assemblers
Bottling and canning operatives
Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing
Clothing ironers and pressers
Cutting operatives, n.e.c
Dressmakers, except factory
Drillers, earth
Dry wall installers and lathers
Filers, polishers, Sanders, and buffers
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers, metal
Garage workers and gas station attendants
Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c
Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing
Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing
Mine operatives, n.e.c
Mixing operatives
Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and produce
Painters, manufactured articles
Photographic process workers
Precision machine operatives
Drill press operatives
Grinding machine operatives
Lathe and milling machine operatives
Punch and stamping press operatives
Sawyers
Sewers and stitchers
428
78
114
1,671
591
98
493
622
95
54
153
182
1,209
184
1,024
2,126
210
132
63
62
950
145
63
131
49
417
181
169
128
78
68
156
125
111
139
54
179
45
297
77
59
575
,875
164
56
736
126
263
116
51
105
129
61
416
174
204
114
177
85
675
182
96
386
64
129
125
156
138
814
.7
.9
9.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
2.7
13.0
1.3
1.1
.6
1.1
.6
2.0
1.0
3.0
4.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.1
21.8
28.7
10.1
48.4
2.6
1.5
2.6
70.4
.9
8.6
1.9
1.1
31.1
6.7
2.6
23.7
15.3
39.7
52.1
44.6
48.8
80.2
31.9
97.4
3.9
1.0
29.5
4.9
4.8
67.8
6.4
28.9
2.3
3.5
62.5
14.8
50.0
11.1
23.4
7.8
8.8
30.1
10.1
94.8
7.0
3,8
10.5
7.0
6.6
7.1
6.5
6.8
4.2
20.4
5.2
2.2
8.9
9.8
8.7
6.6
4.8
8.3
7.9
3.2
6.5
8.3
11.1
5.3
14.3
7.9
9.4
7.7
10.2
5.1
7.4
16.7
6.4
3.6
11.5
3.7
6.7
11.1
5.4
3.9
11.9
8.0
15.0
16.4
17.9
11.8
42.9
14.4
12.1
5.9
10.5
12.4
24.6
9.4
26.4
9.8
19.3
5.1
20.0
17.6
13.7
12.5
7.5
7.8
8.5
5.6
14.7
17.4
17.4
NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of
occupations which cannot be more specifically identified.
Percent of total
Total
employed
Blue-collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport—Continued
Shoemaking machine operatives
Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal . . .
Textile operatives
Spinners, twisters, and winders
Welders and flame cutters
Winding operatives, n.e.c
All other operatives, except transport
78
71
374
151
679
68
3,181
76.9
1.4
59.9
66.2
6.0
54.4
33.4
7,7
14.1
25.7
29.1
11.0
13.2
14.8
Transport equipment operatives
Busdrivers
Delivery and route workers
Fork lift and tow motor operatives
Railroad switch operators
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Truck drivers
All other transport equipment operatives ..
3,541
337
579
363
52
172
1,923
115
7.3
45.1
6.6
2.8
9.9
1.9
2.6
14.9
21.1
8.1
19.8
9.6
24.4
13.9
20.0
Nonfarm laborers
Animal caretakers
Construction laborers including carpenters'
helpers
Freight and material handlers
Garbage collectors
Gardeners and grounds keepers, except farm .
Timber cutting and logging workers
Stockhandlers
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners . . . .
Warehouse laborers, n.e.c
All other nonfarm laborers
4,729
83
10.4
51.8
17.7
9.6
953
798
79
614
90
915
199
262
736
2.7
8.5
5.1
5.9
1.1
23.5
12.6
4.2
8.4
18.6
19.9
32.9
17.1
26.7
10.9
17.6
14.9
22.0
12,839
1,162
486
530
118
11,677
2,430
179
862
1,389
4,283
282
215
1,186
240
463
1,383
514
1,846
130
276
1,037
402
1,760
306
121
425
542
135
96
1,358
221
548
475
60
62.6
97.7
98.1
97.0
99.2
59.1
35.3
97.2
53.6
16.0
68.9
39.4
20.9
57.2
34.2
85.7
90.5
74.7
89.9
98.5
86.2
87.0
97.0
74.0
57.2
9.1
94.8
89.1
68.1
87.5
8.5
.5
9.7
5.9
5.0
19.8
33.0
7.6
52.5
44.1
18.5
28.1
40.8
32.3
24.0
13.7
6.4
13.5
20.2
17.1
11.4
7.2
20.6
23.6
3.8
19.6
27.6
22.4
15.3
13.1
14.0
15.3
9.2
19.3
34.4
13.5
7.2
20.1
9.9
5.0
2,798
1,480
1,445
1,3J8
972
299
18,2
8.9
8.9
28.6
17.2
69.6
9.2
3.4
3.5
15.7
20.2
2.7
Service workers
Private households
Child care workers
Cleaners and servants
Housekeepers
Service workers, except private households
Cleaning workers
Lodging quarters cleaners
Building interior cleaners, n.e.c
Janitors and sextons
Food service workers
Bartenders
Waiters' assistants
Cooks
Dishwashers
Food counter and fountain workers
Waiters
Food service workers, n.e.c
Health service workers
Dental assistants
Health aides, excluding nursing
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Practical nurses
Personal service workers
Attendants
Barbers
Child care workers
Hairdresserc and cosmetologists ,
Housekeepers, excluding privajb households .
Welfare service aides
Protective service workers
Fire fighters
Guards
Police and detectives
Sheriffs and bailiffs
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farmers (owners and tenants)
Farm laborers and supervisors
Farm laborers, wage workers
Farm laborers, unpaid family workers .
173
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
24. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]
1978
Agriculture
Nonagricultttral industries
MABJB and salary workers
S«lf
employed
Wag* and
salary
workers
family
' workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Self
employed
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years.
20 to 24 years
26 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
46 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
84,25*
7,467
2,994
4,473
12,750
22,353
15,867
14,286
9,513
6,032
3,461
2,018
32J
243
80
101
156
144
208
2S0
130
120
181
15,288
605
224
382
1,592
4,403
3,300
3,104
1,981
1,286
692
303
67,603
6,539
2,528
4,011
11,058
17,793
12,423
10,974
7,282
4,613
2,669
1,534
6,305
87
42
45
332
1,422
1,444
1,391
1,108
638
470
522
472
32
18
14
26
83
127
119
60
41
19
25
1,418
288
154
134
266
310
176
163
140
78
62
76
1,607
31
12
19
96
254
277
329
358
191
167
262
316
76
48
27
28
49
48
61
38
24
14
16
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
48,238
3,884
1,558
2,326
6,787
13,151
9,261
8,386
5,623
3,552
2,071
1,146
177
77
59
18
20
13
6
11
22
10
12
28
7,722
279
107
172
658
2,209
1,698
1,636
1,072
695
377
171
40,339
3,529
1,393
2,136
6,108
10,929
7,557
6,739
4,529
2,847
1,683
947
4,529
55
25
29
222
994
1,034
1,029
822
480
342
37 4
43
20
13
7
9
3
1
2
2
1
1
7
1,135
236
124
112
209
249
133
125
114
60
54
69
1,455
27
10
16
87
224
248
299
329
171
158
24 0
91
57
36
22
17
8
1
1
2
1
1
5
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and ovtr
36,016
3,583
1,436
2,147
5,963
9,203
6,605
5,900
3,890
2,480
1,410
872
1,186
246
184
62
81
144
137
197
228
120
108
153
7,566
326
117
210
933
2,195
1,603
1,469
909
593
316
132
27,264
3,010
1,135
1,875
4,950
6,864
4,865
4,234
2,753
1,767
986
587
1,776
32
16
16
110
427
410
36 3
286
158
128
148
429
13
6
7
17
80
126
117
58
40
18
18
283
52
30
22
57
61
43
37
26
18
8
6
153
4
1
2
9
30
29
31
29
20
9
21
225
18
12
6
11
41
46
59
37
23
14
11
25. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]
197 8
Total
employed
Professional and
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
workers
Operatives,
except
transport
Transport
equipment
Nonfarm
laborers
household
workers
Other
service
workers
Farm
workers
Total, 16 years and
over:
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance,insurance,
and real estate
Services
Private households . . .
Other service industries
Public administration . . .
174
3,342
828
6,043
21,497
12,821
8,676
66
112
167
2,147
1,417
730
32
75
712
1,502
878
624
10
7
23
479
181
298
78
93
405
2,507
1,43 9
1,068
48
220
3,339
4,144
2,719
1,425
19
239
277
8,388
4,909
3,479
46
50
191
803
393
410
6,162
19,253
3,616
15,636
518
375
123
252
57 3
3,675
761
2,915
46
4,000
828
3, 172
1,382
3,329
739
2,590
1,342
1,469
318
1,151
162
1,009
187
822
1,462
725
366
359
492
1,194
264
930
5,406
26,821
1,396
25,425
5,020
275
9,629
1,046
1,852
1,213
171
1,852
637
171
2
2,431
4,870
9
4,861
1,810
101
1,415
5
1,410
309
8
725
2
723
48
7
203
6
197
55
73
552
142
410
154
13
9,616
957
237
25
895
1,106
651
4 55
7
8
33
422
235
187
187
3,476
32
3,445
1,162
1,162
254
6,241
57
6,184
1,048
2,798
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
26. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex
1978
Wage and salary workers
Industry
Total
employed
Total
Government
Private
industries
SeK-employed
workers
Unpaid family
workers
TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital
Hospitals
Welfare and religion
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration
828
805
6,043
21,497
12,821
8,676
6,162
19,253
3,616
15,636
5,406
26,821
1,396
25,425
3,490
2,430
1,018
18,327
2,933
3,781
1,525
7,625
2,464
4,924
21,151
12,605
8,546
5,911
17,271
3,355
13*915
4,984
24,187
1,363
22,824
2,816
1,67 2
887
17,331
2,582
3,776
1,499
7,483
1,989
159
118
5,020
5,020
1
552
126
89
37
825
109
3
107
117
8,538
8,538
33
11
115
8,301
4 37
1,179
587
5,980
117
79
5,020
804
21
2
4,371
21,026
12,516
8,509
5,086
17,162
3,353
13,809
4,868
15,649
1,363
14,286
2,783
1,661
1,072
47
29
18
11
10
251
22
229
28
104
—
104
42
22
772
9,030
2,145
2,599
912
1,503
1,872
39
316
198
119
241
1,731
239
1,492
394
2,530
33
2,497
633
735
127
964
334
3
26
141
460
38
4
33
17
—
1
1
14
3
—
Males
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital
Hospitals
Welfare and religion
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration
1
514
91
70
21
20
710
—
731
711
5,630
14,943
9,720
5,223
4,722
10,489
2,717
7,772
2,403
10,561
4,581
14,682
9,543
5, 139
4,499
9,334
2,503
6,830
2,095
9,004
178
177
10.383
2,420
803
638
6,389
8,827
1,890
546
68
3,022
—
3,022
18
3
68
5,718
2,871
2,847
670
752
915
632
492
913
617
140
366
351
547
167
449
2,664
1,426
2,640
1,056
2,113
134
98
36
—
3,331
3,331
527
972
36
--
—
—
—
—
84
61
260
2
15
23
369
3,331
575
649
46
2
44
4,067
14,591
9,473
5,118
3,851
9,288
2,50 2
6,786
2,027
5,982
4
3
2
1
1
26
1
25
2
8
1,045
258
175
83
222
1,130
213
917
305
1,549
177
1
5,805
1,872
1,548
8
524
227
91
5
1
572
478
—
—
1
1
1
— • • "
Ft ma Us
Mining
,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Business repair
Personal
Entertainment and recreation
Professional
Medical, except hospital
Hbspitals
Welfare and religion
Education
Other
Forestries and fisheries
Public administration
97
413
94
343
6,554
3,101
3,453
1,441
8,764
6,469
3,062
3,407
1,412
7,937
—
94
38
35
19
16
177
63
1
62
48
1
305
27
58
23
36
19
601
25
576
89
981
32
949
109
509
36
294
74
1
10
117
91
2
—
6,434
3,043
3,391
1,236
7,874
851
899
852
7,865
3,004
16,259
1,218
15,041
1,071
1,627
7,085
2,889
15,183
1, 186
13,997
5,516
925
15
910
1,097
8
1,090
380
1 1 , 9 38
2,181
2,865
893
U 96 1
1*038
25
1,689
—-
5,516
7,023
2,841
9,667
1, 186
8,481
341
46
294
11,613
2f090
5,429
6,184
1,793
2,052
882
297
813
420
4,843
3,867
933
21
33
1,689
1,689
2,86 4
18
463
976
900
3
—
2
43
26
16
10
10
225
21
204
26
96
—•
96
37
21
4
32
17
—
1
1
14
3
175
H O U S E H O L D DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
27.
Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex
(Percent distribution)
1978
Total employed
White-collar workers
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
Managers
Industry and sex
Numbers
(in
Percent
thousands)
Profesional and
technical
workers
and
adminisstrators.
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Craft
and
(indred
workers
2.3
11.2
6.7
11.7
11.2
12.3
22.4
17.3
20.4
16.6
45.0
18.2
.6
19.1
36.1
1.4
26.5
55.3
19.3
21.2
16.4
21.8
7.6
8.8
7.4
1.9
5.3
.4
5.5
6.2
.6
28.8
4.6
39.0
38.3
40.1
2.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
.1
2.7
.1
2 .8
1.0
.2
3.3
1.8
5.4
5.3
5.5
9.4
5.1
6.0
4.8
14.4
4.7
.6
4.8
20.8
1.8
30.0
58.7
25.5
26.4
23.8
27.8
12.3
11.1
12.8
4.0
12.4
2.8
12.5
9.0
10.9
70.4
74.1
26.0
29.8
22.6
65.2
31.9
64.2
28.2
69.5
26.9
.7
29.0
66.2
.2
1.0
8.2
5.1
4.9
5.3
1.9
2.0
1.7
2,0
.2
,7
except
farm
'rivate
Dperatives, ' "ransport
except < quipment
•
transport <jperatives
.
lonfarm
a borers
Other
use hold
workers
Farm
workers
service
workers
Total
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
3,342
828
6,043
21,497
12,821
8,676
6,162
19,253
3,616
15,636
5,406
26,821
1,396
25,425
5,020
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
13.5
2.8
10.0
11.1
8.4
8.4
1.9
3.4
1.6
5.1
35.9
.9
37.8
19.1
1.0
9.0
11.8
7.0
6,8
7.2
9.3
19.1
21.0
18.6
19.3
6.9
.3
.8
.4
2.2
1.4
3.4
.7
20.8
22.9
20.3
22.4
.6
7.3
12. 7
.7
2,681
731
5,630
14,943
9,720
5,223
4,722
10,489
2,717
7,772
2,403
10,561
178
10,383
3,331
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
13.3
2.8
12.0
13.0
10.2
9.2
2.5
3.6
2.1
7.0
42.5
.6
43.3
21.3
1.0
9.6
12.2
8.9
8.2
10.3
10.0
26.3
25.0
26.8
29.0
11.6
.2
1.0
.3
2.6
1.7
4.4
.6
18.2
27.7
14.9
34.6
.9
11.8
14.2
.9
661
97
413
6,554
3,101
3,453
1,441
8,764
899
7,865
3,004
16,259
1,218
15,041
1,689
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.0
15.3
2.7
5.4
5.0
5.7
5.6
1.3
2.8
1.1
3.5
31.6
1.0
34.1
14.6
.8
5.1
6.1
2.5
2.6
2.5
7.1
10.4
9.0
10.6
11.6
3.9
.8
1.2
1.4
.6
2,0
1.2
23.9
8.3
25,6
12,7
.5
4.2
9.8
.5
.1
1.4
6,0
3.2
3.7
3.1
k\l
23.7
3.8
10.1
2,3
.1
.8
.4
.8
1.1
7.1
3.0
14.8
5.1
5.1
5.2
8,0
6.2
7.3
5 .9
1.3
2,1
10.2
1.6
3.1
.6
32.0
4.8
31.7
33.6
28.2
3.2
7.0
4.1
8.0
.1
3.5
.6
3.5
1.2
1.6
6.7
3.4
5.2
3.9
7.7
27.3
6.6
13.1
4.3
.2
1.7
2.2
1.7
1.5
7.3
3.3
15.6
6.4
5.9
7.2
10.1
9.8
8.4
10.3
2.8
4.6
75.8
3.4
4.0
.6
5.1
1.0
55.7
53.1
58.1
.8
3.1
8.2
2.5
.2
2.2
.1
2.4
.4
.5
1.0
.5
.4
.4
.3
11.9
.4
1.2
.3
—
,1
.1
,1
.2
6.2
1.0
4.6
2.4
2.4
2.3
1.1
1.9
4.0
1.7
.1
,4
.6
.4
1.2
l
|
—
—
4.3
83.2
,2
1.0
,5
2.0
1.8
2,2
3.0
18.1
.9
22,0
4.7
23,3
4,1
24.3
20.9
83.7
.2
1.0
.5
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.4
12.2
1.0
16.1
7.8
17.8
2.2
18.1
27.9
85.3
,5
1.0
1.7
1.1
1.2
1.1
5.1
25.1
.6
27.9
2.2
26.8
4.4
28,6
7.1
76.8
—
—
Males
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
II
—
—
—
.3
15.2
—
II
.
—
—
—
—
—
Females
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
176
.7
.5
7.0
93.2
—
.
—
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
28. Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race
(Percent distribution)
1978
Total employed
White-collar workers
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
Managers
Industry and race
ProfesPercent
thousands)
administrators.
Farm
and
sional and
technical
workers
Numbers
(in
except
farm
Craft
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
and
kindred
Operatives, Transport
except
equipment
transport operatives
Nonfarm
laborers
Private
household
workers
workers
Other
service
workers
workers
WHITE
3,034
796
5,554
19,087
11,455
7,632
5,407
17,686
3,356
14,330
4,922
23,109
962
22,147
4,242
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
13.5
2.8
10.6
11.7
9.0
8.9
2.0
3.4
1.7
5.1
37.8
1.1
39.4
19.9
1.1
9.4
12.5
7.7
7.5
8.0
10.1
19.8
22.0
19.2
20.3
7.4
__
7.7
13.7
.3
.9
.4
2.4
1.6
3.7
.8
21.4
23.7
20.9
23.5
.7
308
32
489
2,411
1,366
1,044
756
1,567
261
1,306
485
3,712
434
3,278
779
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
(1)
2.2
4.9
5.8
3.9
4.9
1.5
3.1
1.1
5.4
24.1
.5
27.3
14.5
—
4.1
1.6
1.5
1.6
3.8
11.5
8.8
12.1
9.3
3.8
—
4.3
7.1
.7
—
2.5
11.2
7.0
12.1
11.7
12.8
22.2
17.3
20.6
16.5
44.0
18.8
.8
19.6
35.1
1.5
26.6
56.1
20.0
21.8
17.3
23.0
7.8
8.8
7.6
1.8
5.6
.4
5.8
6.1
.5
28.6
4.6
37.2
36.8
37.7
2.5
5.1
4.7
5.1
.1
2.5
,2
2.6
.8
1.3
6.2
3.0
3.6
2.8
4.8
23.1
3.5
9.4
2.1
.1
.7
.3
.7
.8
6.9
2.9
13.2
4.6
4.5
4.7
6.9
6.0
6.6
5.8
1.3
2.0
11.9
1.5
2.6
.3
(1)
3.5
7.9
7.2
8.8
24.3
17.4
19.1
17.1
54.5
14.0
.2
15.9
41.4
1.0
(1)
45.3
13.4
15.9
10.3
12.6
5.7
8.8
5.1
2.9
3.2
—
3.7
6.2
1.3
(1)
4.7
53.7
50.9
57.4
3.4
7.3
11.1
6.5
.2
3.9
—
4.5
1.7
2.6
(1)
5.1
4.9
5.3
4.4
28.0
6.6
19.5
4.0
.6
.9
.7
1.0
3.0
i 9.4
—
—
.7
.2
1.2
.7
13.5
12.2
13.8
11.6
.3
—
.3
—
__
—
—
;
i
•
j
!
i
3.4
81.1
•
.2
.9
.4
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.6
17.2
.8
21.1
3.8
21.1
4.2
21.8
20.9
83.7
!
!
—
—
!
:
|
BLACK AND OTHER
Agriculture
Mining
_,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
....
....
.3
1 (1)
j 2.0
; 3.4
:
(1)
i 33.1
! 9.5
I 10.0
i 8.9
! 16.0
9.0
15.6
i 7.7
2.1
i 2.6
•
6.5
2.1
5.5
! 84.0
j 3 . 3 ;!
!
!
;
—
;
:
I
10.3
1 88.2
i
3.4
6.2
27.4
1.9
32.5
13.4
36.8
--
'
!
;
3.9
I —
41.1
20.7
—
—
Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.
177
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
29. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race
(Percent distribution)
1978
Manufacturing
Transportation
Age, sex, and race
Mining
Construe-
Durable
Nondurable
Wholesale
and
retail
trade
goods
Total
goods
public
utilities
8,676
100.0
6,162
100.0
and
Finance,
nsurance,
and
Service
duttrits'
Public
administration
real
estate
TOTAL
5,425
100.0
5,020
100.0
5,406
100.0
5.2
6.4
2.9
94.8
16.1
78.6
63.3
15.4
93.6
13.9
79.7
64.8
14.9
97.1
66.4
4,7
6.0
3.2
95.3
14.1
81.2
67.3
14.0
94.0
14.1
79.9
65.3
14.5
96.8
11.7
85.1
72.0
13.1
93.2
69.5
75.8
60.2
76.6
54.5
44.4
40.8
6.8
3.4
3.3
3.5
2.2
9.1
1.2
2.7
1.3
84.4
12.9
71.5
60.8
10.7
86.4
15.8
70.6
58.9
11.6
66.1
56.7
74.4
45.4
43.3
38.1
65.0
56.7
46.6
10.1
72.6
10.3
62.3
51.2
11.1
11.6
6,8
30.5
.6
.5
6.3
1.1
5,2
4.4
.9
1.8
2.5
8.4
7.8
.6
85.0
3.6
Males, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
20 years and over
5.2
94.8
14.1
80.7
66.5
14.2
3.6
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
7.3
92.7
16,9
75.8
63.3
12.5
9,253
100.0
17.7
82.3
16.9
65.4
51.6
13.9
88.2
20 years and over
4.3
95.7
15.4
80.2
68.8
11.5
Total, 16 years and over (in thousands)
Percent
16 t o 19 years
828
100.0
6,043
100.0
21,497
100.0
12,821
100.0
9.0
88.1
72.1
16.0
Females, 1 6 years and over
16 to 19 years
8.2
8.8
4.2
5.0
4.1
36.5
28.7
39.1
29.7
33.1
26.4
8.7
66.2
55.3
10.9
7.8
9.4
6.7
60.9
49.8
11.1
24.2
39.8
23.4
45.5
55.6
59.2
33.6
1.4
2.5
1.1
8.6
4.1
3.7
1.6
28.6
22.8
37.3
22.3
36.9
32.0
4.7
6.0
3.4
8.0
23.9
19.9
18.9
16.1
31.3
25.5
18.9
16.7
28.9
22.9
51.5
11.9
39.6
33.6
55.5
3.8
4.1
2.9
5.8
2.2
6.0
85.4
62.3
68.1
53.6
67.5
6.5
3.1
3.0
3.2
1.9
78.9
14.7
64.2
53.8
10.4
59.2
65.1
50.4
65.5
10.7
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
8.1
48.5
39.8
81.4
12.5
68.9
58.4
10.5
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
6.5
.5
6.1
1.0
5.0
4.2
11.0
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
9.4
8.9
4.8
46.6
38.4
27.2
22.3
6.0
8.2
5.0
49.9
40.9
36.4
57.2
8.5
1.0
2.4
1.0
41.4
39.9
34.0
56.2
White
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
.6
8.3
9.2
7.0
7.2
8.1
3.6
4.4
3.5
50.9
41.5
43.4
35.3
58.3
48.6
33.3
26.0
36.3
27 .4
29.6
23.5
52.8
43.1
9,4
55.9
45.7
10.2
8.1
9.8
7.3
8.9
6.0
9.7
26.5
21.2
34.4
20.3
42.0
50.1
50.8
27.3
1.7
1.3
2.3
.9
8.0
3.6
3.2
1.2
24,8
19.9
32.1
19.3
34.0
47.5
26.0
7.8
3.9
39.7
32.4
22.2
17.7
4.0
3.3
5.0
2.9
7.3
20.8
17.0
16.5
13.8
27.1
21.7
16.4
14.3
26.7
21.0
46.5
10.5
36.0
30.2
3.8
2.8
5.4
2.1
5.7
5.8
7.3
4.4
7.8
.3
7.5
1.2
6.3
5.1
1.2
7.3
.3
7.0
1.1
5.9
5.1
.8
7.7
.2
7.5
1.1
6.4
5.5
.8
6.6
.3
6.3
1.2
5.1
4.5
.7
9.1
.3
8.9
1.0
7.9
6.7
1.1
4.6
.7
4.0
.7
3.2
2.7
.6
3.7
.1
3.3
.6
2.8
2.3
.5
4.5
.3
4.1
.6
3.5
2.8
.7
9.1
.3
8.8
.3
4.0
3.0
5.4
3.1
3.5
5.4
8.4
6.4
.2
.6
(1)
3.0
.1
.2
.1
3.8
.7
.1
2.9
.5
2.4
.2
5.2
1.0
4.2
.1
3.C
.5
2.5
.5
3.0
.8
2.2
.4
5.0
1.4
3.6
.4
8.0
1.1
6.9
.4
6.0
1.0
5.0
.6
—
.2
.1
2.3
.1
3.8
.4
2.5
.1
1.9
.3
3.4
.2
6.0
1.0
4.5
.5
10.1
2.3
7,8
7,2
.6
.8
Black and other
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3.1
.1
3.0
.4
2.7
2.4
.2
Females, 16 years and over
.8
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Excludes private households.
178
.8
3.1
2.9
.2
.7
8.2
6.8
1.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
1978
1978
Percent of total
Percent of total
Total
Black
and
other
employed
Total, 16 years and over
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Agricultural production
Agricultural services, except horticultural
Horticultural services
Forestry
Fisheries
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
Construction
General building contractors
General contractors, except building
Special trade contractors
Not specified construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Logging
Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Glass and glass products
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills
Other primary iron and steel industries
Primary aluminum industries
Other primary nonferrous industries
Fabricated metal products
Cutlery, hand tools and other hardware
Fabricated structural metal products
Screw machine products
Metal stamping
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and material handling machines
Metalworking machinery
Office and accounting machines
Electronic computing equipment
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Household appliances
Radio, T.V., and communication equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Mobile dwellings and campers
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches
Scientific and controlling instruments
Optical and health services supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Ordnance
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Nondurable goods industries . . . . ?
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Dairy products
Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafood
Grain-mill products
Bakery products
Confectionery and related products
Beverage industries
Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred
products
See footnotes at end of table.
Total
94,373
41.2
11.2
3,501
2,850
245
247
87
73
19.6
18.9
40.8
8.5
21.8
8.2
9.2
9.0
8.2
12.6
5.7
13.7
3.9
2.2
1.8
4.2
8.6
828
93
226
381
128
6,043
1,762
1,106
2,858
316
6.8
6.0
7.1
7.0
9.8
,497
,821
724
165
428
130
554
679
223
240
147
,220
467
340
188
224
,444
158
531
100
177
476
,485
117
174
391
356
121
333
991
,144
177
553
,409
,230
,247
560
265
78
560
160
231
137
190
591
,676
,874
423
211
271
142
273
94
255
30.5
24.2
12.0
3.0
12.1
23.1
31.0
20.5
32.3
7.9
21.1
11.5
7.7
10.6
14.9
18.3
20.7
32.9
14.7
26.0
203
25.1
16.3
26.4
31.2
17.8
41.5
37.9
39.1
42.9
15.1
15.9
16.6
8.7
15.4
42.5
40.6
51.5
26.3
24.2
48.4
39.8
28.8
30.7
15.2
46.9
24.6
26.4
55.3
15.3
7.4
10.4
7.2
11.4
and
other
Nondurable goods industries—Continued
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Knitting mills
Yarn, thread, and fabric mills
Miscellaneous textile mill products
Apparel and other fabricated textile products
Apparel and accessories
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Newspaper publishing and printing
Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except
newspapers
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial chemicals
Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers
Synthetic fibers
Drugs and medicines
Soaps and cosmetics
Paints, varnishes, and related products
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous qhemicals
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products
Rubber products
Miscellaneous plastic products
Leather and leather products
Footwear, except rubber
Leather products, except footwear
11.2
10.7
17.4
27.9
13.3
17.7
9.9
13.0
14.8
13.3
8.8
14.2
13.1
17.4
9.0 Transportation, communications, and other public utilities .
16.5
Transportation
9.4
Railroads and railway express service
8.9
Street railways and bus lines
8.9
Taxicab service
7.0
Trucking service
8.5
Warehousing and storage
10.9
Water transportation
6.2
Air transportation
4.3
Services incidental to transportation
8.0
Communications
6.1
Radio broadcasting and television
3.4
Telephone (wire and radio)
8.3
Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services .
8.7
Utilities and sanitary services
6.0
Electric light and power
9.9
Electric-gas utilities
7.9
Gas and steam supply systems
11.0
Water supply
9.7
Sanitary services
13.7
15.1 Wholesale and retail trade
7.7
Wholesale trade
22.6
Motor vehicles and equipment
2.6
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
.
7.1
Dry goods and apparel
5.6
Food and related products
6.9
Farm products—raw materials
8.0
Electrical goods
7.4
Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies
10.7
Machinery equipment anil supplies
12.0
Metals and minerals, n.e.c
13.1
Petroleum products
16.3
Scrap and waste materials
7.1
Alcoholic beverages
14.0
Paper and its products
9.2
Lumber and construction materials
11.7
Wholesalers, n.e.c
20.2
Retail trade
11.4
Lumber and building material retailing
14.3
Black
employed
Hardware and farm equipment stores
Department and mail order establishments
73
871
196
514
60
1,285
1,128
157
705
291
209
205
1,429
469
31.5
47.0
64.3
44.6
38.3
77.4
79.6
61.8
22.8
12.0
34.4
26.8
39.0
37.7
960
1,189
434
87
80
185
143
75
68
116
242
209
708
328
379
283
189
68
39.
24.
14.
17.
26.
38.
42.0
20.0
6,162
3,548
582
506
121
1,343
159
177
468
177
1,311
185
1,065
60
1,303
510
171
170
165
244
23.4
19,253
3,616
267
194
91
557
122
224
157
770
107
169
110
108
105
149
479
15,636
461
297
2,030
17.4
26.2
45.1
62.5
69.8
58.8
30.1
17.8
14.6
12.0
12.7
6.6
4.9
7.5
11.2
9.7
9.2
12.5
10.8
11.2
14.7
20.6
10.3
10.3
9.6
8.2
7.9
8.4
9.2
7.4.
5.9
24
11.9
28.4
58.8
44.8
29.2
48.3
33.3
14.
14.5
17.0
21.2
17.6
4.9
12.3
12.7
10.5
21.7
28.9
9.5
12.6
17.5
12.0
5.1
11.2
10.8
11.5
8.3
12.2
9.6
8.8
8.2
10.9
25.0
45.5
24.9
21.3
26.8
40.7
22.4
22.1
28.
24.2
24.7
21.5
21.3
10.9
17.6^
24.8
18.8
34.2
50.3
21.5
29.3
68.4
8.1
7.2
6.4
6.2
8.8
10.8
4.9
6.3
6.4
4.9
6.5
6.5
13.6
8.3
4.8
7.4
7.9
8.4
7.2
3.7
9.8
179
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1978
1978
Percent of total
Percent of total
Industries
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Retail trade—Continued
218
2,055
62
140
168
953
294
622
126
674
132
463
293
4,015
473
138
158
133
102
148
883
11.2
7.4
12.3
1.9
6.0
3.9
4.1
6.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Banking
Credit agencies
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment
companies
Insurance
Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices . . .
5,406
1,442
441
55.6
70.9
65.1
9.0
10.3
7.0
270
1,776
1,478
36.3
53.8
43.3
5.6
9.1
8.6
Service industries
Business and repair services
Advertising
Services to dwellings and other buildings
Commercial research, development, and testing labs . •
Employment and temporary help agencies
Business management and consulting services
Computer programming services
Detective and protective services
Business services, n.e.c
31,682
3,490
173
348
157
188
268
156
213
623
56.6
30.7
39.3
34.5
25.5
70.7
51.5
40.4
13.1
50.7
14.1
10.3
3.5
23.0
7.6
16.0
6.0
7.7
Vending machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
Grocery stores
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Food stores, n.e.c
Motor vehicle dealers
Tire, battery, and accessory dealers
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe stores
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores .
Eating and drinking places
Drug stores
Liquor stores
Farm and garden supply stores
Jewelry stores
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail florists
Miscellaneous retail stores
160
76
350
8,1
6.6
5.1
6.9
8.7
9.7
5.0
9.5
5,8
5.4
6.3
5.3
5.6
NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of
industries which connnot be more specifically identified.
180
Black
and
other
Service industries—Continued
76.9
39,5
78,3
71.1
42.8
62.9
65.7
48.2
15.8
16.0
12.5
19.8
76.6
45.5
32.8
28.0
60.7
59.8
29.0
25.9
57.9
19.6
66.2
57.4
Limited price variety stores
Total
employed
Business and repair services—Continued
Automobile services, except repair
Automobile repair and related services
Electrical repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Personal services
Private households
Hotels and motels
Lodging places, except hotels and motels
Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services
Beauty shops
Barber shops
Dressmaking shops
Miscellaneous personal services
Entertainment and recreation services
Theaters and motion pictures
Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services .
Professional and related services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Hospitals
Convalescent institutions
Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c
Health services, n.e.c
Legal services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Libraries
Educational services, n.e.c
Museums, art galleries, and zoos
Religious organizations
Welfare services
Residential welfare facilities
Nonprofit membership organizations
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services
Miscellaneous professional and related services
Public administration
Postal service
Federal public administration .
State public administration . . .
Local public administration . .
200
672
137
353
3,826
1,396
693
382
363
553
122
41
252
1,018
324
82
612
18,327
753
360
3,781
1,009
83
687
650
5,180
1,996
167
^77
67
618
788
119
464
469
445
370
23.0
8.3
12,4
13.0
74.4
87.2
61.2
30.9
63.6
89.0
12.3
97.6
45.2
37.3
32.1
40.2
39.7
65.1
67.2
67.2
75.8
88.1
57.8
68.9
48.5
70.6
49.1
81.4
67.1
47.8
42.4
70.9
60.5
53.0
18.8
44.9
42.4
15.0
9.4
2.9
6.5
21.5
31.1
22.1
9.4
26.4
9,2
13.9
7.3
9.9
8.2
6.8
6.1
9.2
13.3
4.8
3.3
19.4
19,2
5,020
700
1,601
882
1,838
33.6
22.6
36.7
39.0
32.6
15.5
20.0
17.4
11.6
14.0
15.1
2.6
13.2
11.4
11.4
10.1
9.0
8.4
23.5
20.2
11.6
5.1
3.6
5.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVERAGES
31.
Employed parson* with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
[In piouMndi]
Nonagricultural industries
All
Wage and salary workers1
Reason not working
Total
Paid absences?
1977
1978
1977
1977
1978
Unpaid absences?
1978
1977
1978
Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons
5,450
2,913
1,410
236
119
772
5,493
2,942
1,418
236
99
799
5,303
2,874
1,374
199
119
737
5,338
2,904
1,383
190
98
763
2,6 55
1,942
545
2,654
1,934
548
2,143
769
702
2,152
778
714
168
172
672
661
Males, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
. .
All other reasons3
2,987
1,530
826
631
2,991
1,529
811
652
2,856
1,497
796
564
2,856
1,497
780
580
1,611
1,168
350
93
1,578
1,146
336
96
945
235
369
341
968
247
372
349
Females, 16 years and over
Vacation . .
Illness
All other reasons3
2,463
1,383
584
495
2,502
1,413
608
481
2,447
1,378
578
491
2,482
1,407
604
471
1,045
775
195
75
1,075
788
212
76
1,199
535
334
331
1 , 184
531
342
311
1
Excludes private household.
. 2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are
included in all reasons.
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
32. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
1978
Thousand! of pet sows
Hours of work
All
industries
Nonegri•mural
.Mfttstries
Percent distribution
Agriculture
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
100,0
Agriculture
88,860
85,693
3,187
100.0
100-0
1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours
21,441
792
4,065
10,541
6,043
20,483
739
3,829
10,063
5,852
958
53
236
478
191
24. 1
.9
4.6
11.9
6.6
23.9
.9
4.5
11.7
6.8
30.1
1.7
7.4
15.0
6.0
35 hours and over
35-39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
67,439
6,301
36,725
24,413
9,660
8,206
6,547
65,210
6,156
36,230
22,824
9,411
7,813
5,600
2,229
145
495
1,589
249
393
947
75.9
7.1
41.3
27.5
10.9
9. 2
7.4
76. 1
7.2
42.3
26.6
11.0
9.1
6.5
69.9
4.5
15.5
49.9
7.8
12.3
29.7
39.0
38.7
45.3
43.2
42.9
53.5
Total, 16 yean and over .
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on runtime
ichedules
181
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
33. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working lacs than 35 hours
[Numb«ri in thousands]
1978
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
wo*
full time
Total, 16 years and over
21 # 441
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
6,918
14,523
20,483
6,583
13,901
3 ,428
'
Economic reasons
Slack work
.
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Usually
work
part time
1,3?0
947
85
238
100
2,058
552
3,216
1,348
83
229
96
1,460
1,149
641
63
229
96
1,967
507
5,333
1,434
1,275
485
i n qo
85
238
too
18 ,013
10 ,430
5.548
884
884
1,697
902
27
559
Usually
work
full time
1,506
Usually
part time
1,460
1,479
1,311
540
17,267
10,014
870
1,829
776
27
557
1,275
1,919
21.4
21.0
23.7
26.3
19. 9
18.6
21.5
21.0
23.9
26.4
20.0
18.6
978
5 ,065
.
547
2,990
43 1
2,075
930
4,922
514
2,920
416
2,002
1,881
902
27
559
1 ,311
2 ,019
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
12,465
10,430
184
870
1,669
776
27
557
11,934
10,014
160
34. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-tim« status
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Full- or part-time status
Average
hours,
total
at work
On full-time schedules
On part-tim*
for economic
Total, 16 years and over1
On
voluntary
part time
41 to 48
hours
hours,
workers
on full-time
or more
85,693
3,216
11,934
70,543
47,719
9,411
13,413
38.7
42.9
79,381
2,910
10,799
65,672
45,630
8,861
1 1,181
38.4
42.4
4,658
259
228
4,171
3,060
452
659
39.1
41.3
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,932
11,869
8,063
4 96
175
320
640
26 3
377
.18,796
11,431
7,366
12,746
7,637
5,111
3,135
1,979
1,156
2,915
1,815
1,099
41.2
41.8
40.4
42.4
42.6
42.2
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
5,515
16,506
4,754
144
876
78
360
4,067
473
5,011
11,563
4,203
3,413
7,214
3,128
633
1,897
472
965
2,452
603
41.2
36.4
38.8
43.4
43.5
41.4
Service industries . . . . ,
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
22,527
1,296
21,231
4,759
981
192
789
66
4,778
699
4,079
242
16,768
405
16,363
4,451
12,212
287
11,925
3,449
1,715
39
1,676
445
2,841
79
2,762
557
36.0
22.7
36.8
40.0
42.1
43.2
42.1
41.5
5,839
472
291
16
948
187
4,600
269
1,955
132
517
32
2,128
105
42.4
36.8
49.1
47.7
Wage and salary workers
Construction
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1
Includes mining, not shown separately.
182
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
36. Person* at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age. race, and marital status
[Numbers in thousandsl
1978
On full-time schedules
Sex, age, race, and marital status
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part time
85,693
12,243
7,328
2,950
4,378
78,365
12,535
65,830
38,971
24,525
2,334
3,216
970
660
265
396
2,556
656
1,900
1 , 138
665
98
11,934
4,179
3,335
2,052
1,283
8,599
1,615
6,984
3,481
2,352
1,151
70,543
7,094
3,333
633
510
2,699
67,210
10,264
56,946
34,352
21,508
1,085
2,069
45,140
7,468
37,673
22,363
14,573
736
349
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over .
25 to 44 years .
45 to 64 years .
66 years and over
49,954
6,421
3,829
1,540
2,289
46,125
6,734
39,391
23,251
14,754
1,387
1,429
471
329
141
189
1,100
314
786
493
244
49
3,668
1,954
1,597
1,013
584
2,071
632
1,438
438
381
6 20
44,857
3,996
1,903
27,060
2,793
1,370
17,797
1,203
718
472
246
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
18 to 19 years .
20 years and over
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over .
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years .
65 years and over .
35,738
5,822
3,499
1,409
2,089
32,240
5,801
26,439
15,721
9,771
8,265
2,225
1,737
1,C39
699
6,528
983
5,545
3,043
1,971
531
25,686
3,097
1,431
20,658
2,606
1,211
5,028
947
1,787
500
331
124
207
1,456
343
1,115
645
421
49
76,096
44,917
11,179
2,634
1,178
1,456
9,597
5,037
4,560
Males, 16 years and over:
Married spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Total
at
work
Total
40 hours
or leu
41 hours
47,719
5,400
2,579
22,824
1,694
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Both aexes, 16 years and ovar
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over .
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over . .
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over .
.
.
..
....
386
1,516
42,954 «
5,788
37,167
22,320
14, 129
303
1,067
25,691
3,799
21,895
12,787
8,636
754
123
630
22,070
2,796
19,273
11,989
6,S35
533
83
449
17,263
1,989
15,272
9,533
5,493
38.7
31.2
27.9
21.2
32.5
39.7
37.7
40.1
40.7
40.3
28.8
42.9
40.9
40.5
39.3
40.8
43.0
41.6
43.2
43.4
43. 1
42.8
41.8
33.0
29.6
22.6
34.3
42.8
39.7
43.3
44.1
43.4
30.4
44.3
42.0
41.5
40.0
41.9
44.5
42.9
44.7
44.9
44.3
42.9
40.4
39.5
3S.2
38. 1
39,4
4C.4
40.0
4C.5
40.4
4C.6
42.5
246
207
1,183
24,256
4,475
19,779
12,033
7,379
1,001
19,448
3,669
15,778
9,576
5,939
367
264
103
34.4
29.2
26.1
19.6
30.5
35.3
35.4
35.3
35.6
35.7
26.4
10,862
3,316
7,546
62,600
40,423
22,177
41,292
23,695
17,596
21,308
16,728
4,581
38.9
42. 1
34.3
43.1
44.6
40.5
583
251
332
1,071
352
719
7,943
4,434
3,509
6,427
3,364
3,063
1,516
1,070
37.2
39.2
35.0
4C.9
41.9
39.7
34,759
3,790
11,405
598
140
690
1,130
185
2,354
33,031
3,465
8,361
19,063
2, 153
5,844
13,968
1,312
2,517
43.6
42. 1
36. 1
44.8
44.2
42.4
19,843
6,790
9,105
84 6
351
591
4,770
1,018
2,477
14,227
5,421
6,037
11,564
4, 192
4,901
2,663
1,229
1, 136
34.4
36.7
32.7
40.2
40.9
4C.2
491
220
39
182
4,808
806
4,001
2,457
1,440
RACE
White, 16 years and over .
Males
Females
Bleefc and other. 16 years and over
Males . . .
»emaies .
446
MARITAL STATUt
183
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUALAVEAGES
36.
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and i « x
(Number in thousands)
1978
On full-time schedules
Occupational group and sex
Total Ht work
On pail time
for economic
reasons
On voluntary
part time
40 hours
or less
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
or more
Average
hours, total
at work
Average hours,
workers on fulltime schedules
86,209
3,254
12,037
70,918
47,935
9,455
13,528
38.7
39.7
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
44,519
13,195
9,609
5,639
16,076
1,011
250
89
212
459
6,194
1,487
389
1,415
2,904
37,314
11,458
9,131
4,012
12,713
24,714
7,489
4,287
2,375
10,564
4,521
1,379
1,313
546
1,282
8,079
2,590
3,531
1,091
867
39.4
40.1
46.1
36.7
35.8
43.3
43.4
47.4
44.1
40.0
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
29,569
11,631
10,169
3,304
4,465
1,334
368
473
141
351
2,024
4 10
581
282
751
26,211
10,853
9,115
2,881
3,363
17,661
7,C34
6,525
1,553
2,550
4,124
1,742
1,500
463
420,
4,426
2,077
1,090
865
393
40.0
41.5
39.6
42.4
35.4
42.6
43.0
41.7
45.8
41.1
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
12,121
1,101
11,020
909
149
761
3,819
594
3 # 225
7,393
358
7,034
5,560
256
5,302
810
32
779
1,023
70
953
32.8
23.4
33.8
42.0
43.1
42.0
Males, 16 years and over
Total, 16 years and over
50,322
1,456
3,718
45, 148
27,218
6,706
11,224
41.7
41.4
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
21,550
7,710
7,394
3,157
3,289
278
104
52
54
67
1,326
447
165
357
357
19,946
7,159
7,177
2,746
2,865
10,762
4,255
3,050
1,411
2,047
2,739
875
1,037
407
421
6,445
2,029
3,090
928
397
43.8
43.1
47.5
42.0
3S.0
45.8
44.9
48.4
45.6
42.0
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
24,199
10,978
6,154
3,072
3,995
966
345
188
121
313
1,429
309
300
174
646
21,804
10,324
5,666
2,777
3,036
14,122
6,646
3,702
1,478
2,294
3,539
1,660
1,051
450
378
4,143
2,018
913
849
36 4
40.8
41.7
41.2
43.4
35.6
43. 1
43.1
42.9
45.9
41.1
4,573
26
4,547
212
5
208
963
13
950
3,398
8
3,389
2,334
6
2,326
428
428
636
2
635
37.1
21.3
37.2
43.6
44. 1
43.6
35,886
1,798
8,319
25,769
20,716
2,749
2,304
34.4
36.6
22,969
5,485
2,215
2,482
12,787
733
145
37
158
393
4,868
1,040
224
1,057
2,547
17,368
4,300
1,954
1,267
9,847
13,952
3,235
8,516
1,782
505
277
139
861
1,634
560
440
162
470
35.3
36.0
41.2
30.0
34.9
40.4
41.0
44.0
40.8
39.4
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
5,370
654
4,015
231
470
368
23
286
20
38
595
100
281
108
106
4,407
531
3,448
103
326
3,539
390
2,821
74
255
585
82
449
12
42
283
59
178
17
29
36.7
37.3
37.3
29.4
34.1
40. 1
41.2
39.8
42.2
40.8
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
7,547
1,075
6,472
697
145
552
2,856
581
2,276
3,994
349
3,644
3,225
250
2,975
382
31
351
387
68
318
30.2
23.4
31.3
40.6
43.1
40.4
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
Females, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
184
1,237
966
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
37.
Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands!
1978
Black and other
White
Total
Employment status
Both sexes
Females
Males
Both sexes
Males
Females
Males
Both sexes
1,315
Females
8,152
4,150
4,C01
6,837
3,489
3,347
661
654
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,750
1,48C
191
1,288
271
15.5
963
802
151
651
161
16.7
788
678
40
637
110
14.0
1,590
1,387
177
1,210
2C3
12.8
867
742
141
601
125
14.4
723
644
36
608
79
10.9
160
S3
14
79
67
41.9
96
60
10
50
36
37.5
65
33
4
29
31
47.7
Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons
6,401
117
5,127
9
1 , 148
3,188
12
2,598
5
573
3,214
106
2,528
4
575
5,247
93
4,190
8
956
2,622
1
G
2,135
5
472
2,622
83
2,055
3
484
1,155
25
937
1
192
565
2
463
589
23
473
1
91
Civilian noninstitutional population
38.
100
Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
1978
Characteristics
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Both sexes
Males
Females
1,480
8 02
678
100.0
100.0
100.0
1,288
1,179
477
77
625
96
13
191
119
24
46
651
571
119
44
409
72
8
151
90
21
41
637
608
358
33
217
24
5
40
29
4
8
87.1
79.7
32.3
81.0
71.0
14.8
5. 1
94.0
89.7
52.6
4.9
32.0
3.5
.7
5.9
4.3
.6
1.2
1,480
802
Both sexes
Males
Females
CLASS OF WORKER
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and ilary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
5.2
5.5
42.3
50.9
6.5
.9
9.0
1.0
12.9
18.8
11.2
8.0
1.6
3.2
2.6
OCCUPATION
678
100.0
100.0
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
316
12
2
23 1
70
207
6
1
175
25
109
7
1
56
45
21.4
25.8
.7
4.7
21.8
3. 1
16. 1
1.0
. 1
8.3
6.6
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
30 7
20
44
7
236
274
18
34
7
215
33
2
10
20.6
34.2
1.4
3.0
.5
2.2
4.2
.9
21
16.0
26.6
4.9
.3
1.5
—
3. 1
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
692
388
30 4
192
33
159
500
355
145
46.8
26. 2
20.6
23.9
4. 1
19.8
73.7
52.4
21.4
Farrn workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
165
8
157
129
5
124
136
3
33
11.2
16. 1
20.1
.4
4.9
Total
—
.8
.1
15.6
.1
.5
.6
10.6
15.5
185
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
39. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
I In thousands]
Age in years
Total
16-19
Reasons for not seeking work
60 and over
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
59,025
53,340
58,521
53,193
7,218
5,674
6,907
5,531
4,626
3,747
4,490
3,691
22,910
20,248
22,399
19,840
24,270
23,672
24,725
24,132
6,203
4,547
30,230
8,966
3,394
6,143
4,332
29,517
9,366
3,635
4,212
41
4,107
48
1,438
122
591
563
1,812
1,431
114
1,732
1
413
535
2,209
15,651
195
1,658
596
2,187
15,044
207
1,806
18
2,177
12,176
8,769
532
11
2,183
12,177
9,158
603
830
813
375
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
5,671c
5,328
799
1,544c
1,534
753
1,253
1,010
693
316
1,121c
1,374
720
1,226
845
570
275
1,163
1,085
21
101
158
107
52
180c
1,377
963
27
76
133
96
37
178
2,658c
2,559
588c
594
249
52
215
117
93
26
166
173
511
878
500
385
115
595c
158
465
895
416
310
104
625
3
174
38
214
93
122
159c
3
177
41
180
74
106
193
881c
274
46
236
137
109
27
187c
Males
16,514
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
3,182
3,093
1,319
1,309
3,059
3,105
8,954
9,127
14,948
2,466
2,441
1,040
1,055
2,580
2,598
8,684
8,857
3,077
2,520
264
7,076
1,832
Do not want a job now
16,634
14,769
Total not in labor force
3,071
2,449
270
7,247
1,911
2,019
23
15
2,013
23
12
789
60
409
393
777
64
8
1
205
268
1,265
57
176
816
282
1,228
62
179
847
2
1,173
190
6,900
419
1,135
189
7,067
466
1,744
1,686
111
651
4
187
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance . . . .
Ill health, disability . . . .
Think cannot get job . . .
Other reasons '
256
474
507
268
269
125
22
43
66
69
211
94
100
64
203
110
130
78
106
2
87
79
101
768
322
317
337
693
326
305
362
551
8
69
89
502
13
72
64
280
147
24
47
62
42,510
38,573
41,887
38,243
4,036
3,208
3,814
3,089
3,307
2,706
3,181
2,640
19,851
17,669
19,294
17,241
15,316
14,987
12,598
15,274
3,126
2,028
29,966
1,891
1,562
3,072
2,082
29,246
2,119
1,724
2,193
19
575
2,094
24
551
650
61
1,808
654
52
1,725
421
420
187
209
3,929
3,642
828
724
600
543
267
994
15,596
21
841
2,181
314
958
14,982
28
959
2,053
15
1,005
11,986
1,869
112
320
11
1,049
11,987
2,091
136
324
766
431
1,253
694
785
681
394
1,226
540
801
534
12
101
90
91
461
14
76
60
113
126
22
236
91
125
124
29
215
75
100
104
300
878
405
494
95
262
895
305
496
3
96
38
108
75
1
89
41
101
92
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a j o b n o w
Reason n o t l o o k i n g :
S c h o o l attendance . . . .
Ill h e a l t h , d i s a b i l i t y . . . .
H o m e responsibilities . .
T h i n k c a n n o t get j o b . . .
O t h e r reasons
1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables 39, 4 0 , and 42 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences
in weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.
186
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Reasons for not seeking work
1978
1977
1978
51,488
51,124
9,450
9,088
47,178
47,085
7,704
7,544
4,988
3,687
27,513
8,164
2,826
4,981
3,696
26,882
8,518
3,008
4,545
128
2,067
4,484
121
1,978
964
4,309
4,037
1,748
1,140
565
970
716
918
1,012
519
947
589
970
1,020
55
214
185
274
1977
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
20,062
19,620
21,976
22,417
18,004
17,622
21,471
21,919
961
426
1,760
14,259
185
1,374
489
1,764
13,665
196
1,508
15
1,799
11,189
7,980
488
1,546
2,060
2,000
890
52
190
144
270
118
372
727
348
495
119
335
720
293
533
1978
1977
1978
14,057
14,204 37,431
36,920
12,718
12,952 34,460
34,133
9
1,810
11,238
8,321
541
2,477
2,076
221
6,452
1,492
2,506
2,511
2,034
1,611
221 27,292
6,625
1,712
1,566
1,334
2,475
1,662
26,661
1,893
1,442
505
496
1,339
1,251
2,970
2,786
3
138
30
184
150
3
133
38
152
170
582
250
516
236
232
275
203
296
558
315
970
484
643
496
283
947
386
674
WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities 1 . . . .
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
BLACK A N D OTHER
7,537
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going t o school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities 1 . . . .
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1
7,397
2,395
2,309
2,848
2,779
2,294
2,308
2,458
2,430
5,079
4,967
6,160
6,107
1,715
1,679
2,248
2,214
2,200
2,210
2,050
1,997
4,110
4,110
1,213
861
2,717
802
567
Total not in labor force
1,163
835
2,634
849
626
1,104
1,056
108
107
2
36
336
39
317
420
239
267
449
1,394
12
285
1,376
13
298
377
989
789
45
371
938
838
61
599
445
43
624
339
567
415
49
622
.344
614
416
2,674
178
228
596
420
2,585
227
282
1,363
1,290
679
632
598
562
83
98
405
433
958
857
395
187
283
294
204
361
201
280
255
193
340
12
322
55
139
152
153
99
39
131
175
123
94
187
176
71
90
85
62
101
66
208
116
283
209
142
185
111
280
154
127
28
102
105
75
123
110
94
36
7
31
9
44
2
27
25
Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."
41. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and
detailed reason
[In thousands]
1978
Race
Age in years
Detailed reason for not seeking work
Total
1619
20-24
2559
Black and
60 and
over
White
other
TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think t o o young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
142
18
1
84
49
16
3
14
11
24
50
30
98
4
4
124
68
31
18
16
17
335
235
69
27
62
31
176
134
29
45
184
183
152
52
Males
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
64
9
1
10
45
50
14
20
22
9
1
4
6
6
15
14
2
2
6
8
119
79
36
16
49
32
14
66
13
17
59
78
64
26
9
5
2
1
11
5
14
45
18
53
3
2
74
53
17
4
10
216
33
41
127
15
118
156
10
18
100
27
124
99
32
20
14
53
20
Females
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available
9
187
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Age in years
Most recent work experience and
To1 al
reason for leaving job
1978
1977
1978
59,025
9,477
28,299
11,312
9,921
100.0
43.1
8.3
8.2
20.7
8.7
6.0
6.0
18.8
58,521
9,232
28,538
10,803
9,946
100.0
44.7
7.9
7.9
19.9
8.7
5.1
6.2
19. 5
11,844
4,820
299
1,880
4,845
100.0
60.0
1.8
18.9
9.3
4.5
5.1
19.3
11,397
4,601
304
1,660
4,831
100.0
60.2
2.2
__
17.4
8.9
3.6
4.9
20.1
16,514
2,065
6, 938
3,726
3,782
100.0
38.2
10.4
14.2
19.0
9.4
5. 2
4.4
18.2
16,634
2,041
7,201
3,688
3,703
100.0
39.1
10.4
13.6
18.9
9.3
4. 8
4.8
18.0
4,501
1,816
41
423
2,222
100.0
58.0
1. 8
4,402
1,784
51
388
2,178
100.0
59.0
2. 5
20.1
10.7
4^7
4.7
20.2
18.6
10. 2
3^8
4.6
19.9
42,510
7,413
21,361
7,587
6,138
100.0
47.7
7. 0
4.4
21.7
8.2
6.5
7.0
19.1
41,887
7,191
21,337
7,115
6,243
100.0
48.0
6.4
4.6
20.6
8.3
5.2
7.0
20.4
7,343
3,005
258
1,457
2,624
100.0
61.6
1.9
6,995
2, 818
253
1,271
2,652
100.0
61.3
2.0
17.9
8.0
4.4
5.4
18.6
16.4
7.9
3.5
5.1
20.4
1977
Total, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago . .
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work .
End of temporary job
All other reasons
Males not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
Ail other reasons
Females, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Left job during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End of temporary job
All other reasons
Blac k and
ot her
White
2559
16-24
60 and over
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
24,270
2,435
16,485
3,914
1,424
100.0
5.5
16.1
48.5
19.1
8.2
4.8
6.0
10. 8
24,725
2,490
16,912
3,900
1,423
100.0
6.3
16.3
46.6
20.8
8.3
5.1
7.4
10.0
51,488
7,643
25,309
9,930
8,604
100.0
45.2
7.6
8.7
20.1
8.3
5.8
6.0
18.4
51,124
7,382
25,556
9,519
8,666
100.0
45.8
7.5
8.5
19.1
8.1
4.8
6.2
19.1
7,537
1,834
2,990
1,383
1,317
100.0
36.9
12.7
4.7
24.7
11.2
7.1
6.3
21.0
7,397
1,850
2,982
1,284
1,280
100.0
37.7
10.5
4.1
25.4
12.3
6.7
6.5
22.3
3,105
221
1,119
1,046
718
100.0
19. 9
26.7
9.5
19.8
7.4
7.9
4.5
24.0
8,954
42
5,832
2,268
812
100.0
2.3
15.6
56.3
17.6
9.3
4.1
4.2
8.2
9,127
37
6,032
2,253
806
100.0
17'. 1
53.3
18.9
8. 5
4. 3
5.5
7. 3
14,057
1,488
6,049
3,266
3,253
100.0
38. 9
9.9
15.1
18.5
9.4
4.9
4.2
17.6
14,204
1,478
6,309
3,224
3,192
100.0
39.9
10.3
14.9
17.4
8.3
4.4
4.7
17.5
2,458
577
889
460
529
100.0
33.5
13.6
8.5
22.5
10.0
6.8
5.7
21.9
2,430
563
892
464
511
100.0
34.3
10.8
5.3
28.0
15.1
7.3
5.7
21.6
19,851 19,294
2,016 1,920
10,451 10,204
4,483 4,195
2,901 2,974
100.0 100.0
43.1
43.8
9.6
8.5
2.0
1.3
25.4
23.7
8.7
8.7
6.7
8.5
8.3
8.2
20.6
22.0
15,316
2,3 93
10,653
1,646
613
100.0
9.8
16.9
38.3
21.0
6.8
5.9
8.5
14.0
15,598
2,45 3
10,880
1,648
617
100.0
11.5
15.3
37.2
23.2
8.1
5.4
9.7
12.8
37,431
6,155
19,260
6,664
5,351
100.0
48.9
6.3
4.8
21.1
7.6
6.4
7.1
18.9
36,920
5,904
19,247
6,295
5,474
100.0
49.2
5.9
4.7
20.1
8.0
5.0
7.1
20.1
5,079
1,257
2,101
923
788
100.0
39.2
12.1
2.2
26.1
12.1
7.4
6.7
20.4
4,967
1,287
2,090
820
769
1978
1977
22,910 22,399
2,222 2,140
11,516 11,324
5,519 5,241
3,651 3,692
100.0 100.0
38.0
39.2
13.8
12.1
3.4
3.2
23.8
23.0
8.1
8.5
8.4
7.0
7.3
7.5
21.2
22. 3
3,059
208
1,064
1,035
749
100.0
18. 4
30.2
10.5
17.7
5.9
8.0
3.7
23.2
j
-
100.0
39.9
10.3
3.4
23.7
10.4
6.2
7.0
22.8
43. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Black and
other
Work-seeking intentions and work history
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
49,260
9,750
1,776
1,159
2,099
4,716
49,239
9,280
1,631
1,155
1,896
4,599
6,314
5,531
1,638
59
758
3,075
6,238
5,159
1,501
48
598
3,011
19,278
3,628
126
961
1,129
1,412
18,871
3,527
121
965
1,082
1,360
23,668
592
11
138
213
229
24,131
593
8
142
217
227
43,623
7,863
1,285
948
1,637
3,992
43,617
7,505
1,172
945
1,467
3,922
5,637
1,887
490
211
463
724
I 5,622
| 1,775
458
210
429
677
13,068
3,443
706
137
572
2,028
13,335
3,298
686
153
512
1,947
2,018
2,481
685
12
238
1,547
2,041
2,361
663
14
198
1,485
2,401
655
18
75
218
346
2,466
63 8
22
87
194
335
,647
307
3
51
116
136
,827
300
11,247
2,809
511
98
456
1,743
11,547
2,656
495
113
402
1,647
1,821
634
195
39
116
285
1,788
642
191
41
110
300
36,193
6,307
1,069
1,022
1,527
2,688
35,904
5,982
945
1,001
1,384
2,652
4,294
3,048
954
47
521
1,527
4,195
2,799
839
34
400
1,526
16,877
2,973
108
887
912
1,067
16,403
15,021
285
15,304
293
32,376
5,054
774
850
1,181
2,249
32,070
4,849
677
832
1,065
2,275
3,816
1,253
295
172
347
439
3,834
1,133
267
169
319
377
Total
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Males
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
53
120
128
Females
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
188
1,025
97
100
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Black 1
White
Total
2
Hispanic origin
Employment status
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
156,426
158,941
137,595
139,580
16,314
16,641
7,122
7,639
97,401
62.3
90,546
3,244
87,302
6,855
100,420
63.2
94,373
3,342
91,031
6,047
86,107
62.6
80,734
2,993
77,741
5,373
88,456
63.4
83,836
3,034
80,802
4,620
9,738
59.7
8,384
10,211
61.4
8,925
4,379
61.5
3,938
4,801
62.8
4,366
7.0
6.0
6.2
5.2
59,025
58,521
51,488
65,796
67,006
52,464
79.7
49,737
2,308
47,429
2,727
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Non'agricultural industries
Not in labor force
244
215
221
3,723
4,145
441
10.1
2,743
435
9.1
51,124
8,680
1,286
12.6
6,430
2,838
58,516
59,510
6,253
6,397
2,876
3,107
53,464
79.8
51,212
2,361
48,852
2,252
46,960
80.3
43,784
2,123
42,661
2,176
47,733
80.2
45,977
2,120
43,857
1,757
4,710
75.3
4,214
4,857
75.9
4,414
2,439
84.8
2,252
2,639
84.9
2,473
5.2
4.2
4.6
3.7
13,332
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
212
8,172
1,355
13.9
6,576
13,541
11,556
11,777
10.5
1,543
74,160
75,489
65,104
66,146
35,685
48.1
33,199
37,416
49.6
35,180
30,853
47.4
28,930
32,233
48.7
30,547
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
158
197
152
167
4,056
4,217
2,100
2,306
496
442
9.1
1,541
187
7.7
437
166
6.3
468
7,832
8,022
3,248
3,486
4,188
53.5
3,675
4,447
55.4
3,953
1,460
45.0
1,315
1,643
47.1
1,481
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
537
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
586
495
545
33
28
34
31
32,662
2,486
34,593
2,236
28,436
1,922
30,002
1,686
3,642
3,926
1,281
1,450
513
493
145
9.9
162
9.8
7,0
6.0
6.2
5.2
38,474
Not in labor force
38,073
34,251
33,913
12.2
3,644
11.1
3,575
1,788
1,843
16,470
16,447
13,975
13,924
2,230
2,221
998
1,046
9,252
56.2
7,610
9,540
58.0
7,981
8,295
59.4
7,020
8,490
61.0
7,312
841
907
481
519
37.7
40.8
48.2
49.6
399
395
375
369
7,211
1,642
17.7
7,218
7,586
1,559
16.3
6,907
6,644
1,275
15.4
5,680
6,943
1,178
13.9
5,435
495
21
474
346
557
20
537
351
371
30
341
110
412
23
389
107
38.6
1,314
22.8
20.6
518
527
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
41.1
1,389
1
1
Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group.
* Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race,
which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time
of the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
NOTE: Data for 1977 for total Hispanic origir are not strictly comparable with those
published earlier. These estimates incorporate the expanded sample and revised estimation
procedures introduced in the national sample in January 1978.
189
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin
by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands!
Total Hispanic origin1
Mexicc
n origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
Employment status
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
TOTAL
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate .
Not in labor force
7,122
7,639
4,060
4,471
1,034
1,085
557
569
4,379
61.5
3,938
215
3,723
441
10.1
2,743
4,801
62.8
4,366
221
4,145
435
9.1
2,838
2,597
64.0
2,335
194
2,141
262
10.1
1,463
2,924
65.4
2,665
197
2,468
259
8.9
1,547
503
48.6
4 34
7
427
69
13.6
531
550
50.7
477
7
469
73
13.2
535
357
64.1
325
3
322
31
8.8
200
377
66.3
351
5
346
26
7.0
192
2,876
Uivihan noninstitutional population
3,107
1,691
1,902
376
391
226
227
308
81.9
271
6
265
37
12.0
68
316
80.8
282
6
276
33
10.6
75
189
83.6
177
3
174
12
6.5
37
187
82.4
178
4
173
9
5.0
39
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
2,439
84.8
2,252
152
2,100
187
7.7
437
2,639
84.9
2,473
167
2,306
166
6.3
468
1,461
86.4
1,356
136
1,220
105
7.2
230
1,654
87.0
1,559
148
1,411
95
5.7
248
3,248
3,486
1,772
1,927
502
536
281
287
1,460
45.0
1,315
34
1,281
145
9.9
1,788
1,643
47.1
1,481
31
1,450
162
9.8
1,843
826
46.6
738
31
707
89
10.7
946
934
48.5
835
28
807
99
10.6
993
148
29.5
130
1
129
18
11.9
355
174
32.5
152
161
56.1
150
152
22
12.7
361
143
50.9
129
1
129
13
9.3
138
998
1,046
597
642
155
158
50
56
481
48.2
371
30
341
110
22.8
518
519
49.6
412
23
389
107
20.6
527
309
51.8
241
28
214
68
22.1
287
336
52.3
271
21
250
65
19.4
306
47
30.3
33
59
37.3
42
1
41
17
29.2
99
25
50.0
19
29
51.8
23
19
6
(2)
25
22
7
(2)
27
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
150
10
6.5
126
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not
shown separately.
2
Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.
190
NOTE: See note, table 44.
33
14
29,7
108
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
46
Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousand*]
Total
Whit*
Hispanic origin l
Black and other
Selected categories
1977
1978
10,537
5,599
4,938
3,938
2,475
1,463
4,366
2,707
1,659
3,462
1,156
468
256
1,583
3,687
880
1,483
508
815
2,451
212
3,817
1,233
508
300
1,776
3,920
925
1,632
527
835
2,541
258
1,252
292
222
147
591
1,839
539
825
163
312
673
174
1,412
326
256
170
660
2,039
583
926
177
353
736
179
1,187
1,540
307
186
52
13
232
67
9
198
15
1
200
19
2
71,624
12,832
58,792
907
57,885
5,645
472
74,448
12,873
61,575
932
60,643
5,908
446
9,180
2,321
6,859
468
6,391
360
21
9,805
2,415
7,390
431
6,959
397
27
3,536
554
2,982
81
2,901
166
22
3,940
594
3,346
82
3,264
189
16
65,916
2,922
11,896
68,709
2,802
12,325
8,072
608
1,132
8,687
626
1,223
3,324
213
400
3,698
220
447
1977
1978
1977
1978
90,546
53 861
36 685
94,373
55 491
38,882
80,734
48,578
32,156
83,836
49,893
33,943
9,812
5,283
4,529
45,187
13,692
9,662
5,728
16,106
30,211
11,881
10,354
3,476
4,500
12,392
2,756
47,205
14,245
10,105
5,951
16,904
31,531
12,386
10,875
3,541
4,729
12,839
2,798
41,725
12,536
9,194
5,472
14,523
26,524
11,001
8,871
2,967
3,685
9,941
2,543
43,388
13,012
9,597
5,651
15,128
27,611
11,460
9,242
3,014
3,894
10,298
2,540
1,330
1,570
343
1,419
1,607
316
1,145
1,518
330
80,805
15,153
65,651
1,376
64,275
6,005
492
84,253
15,289
68,966
1,363
67,603
6,305
472
73,987
3,530
13,028
77,396
3,428
13,549
1977
1978
CHARACTERISTICS
Total 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers ,
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
See footnote 2, table 44.
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed
proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.
191
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
47. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
[In thousands]
Total Hispanic
Puerto Rican
origin
Mexican origin
origin'
Cuban origin
Selected categories
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
3,938
2,475
1,463
4,366
2,707
1,659
2,335
1,501
834
2,665
1,710
955
434
289
145
477
304
172
325
189
136
351
193
158
1,252
292
222
147
591
1,839
539
825
163
312
673
174
1,412
326
256
170
660
2,039
583
926
177
353
736
179
636
130
115
70
321
1,153
350
477
108
218
386
160
732
150
143
80
359
1,331
390
559
120
262
441
162
139
32
18
20
69
209
50
113
17
29
80
7
163
35
23
21
84
220
47
125
22
26
87
6
138
38
25
20
55
136
38
70
11
17
49
2
149
37
27
22
63
152
46
81
8
17
47
3
198
15
1
200
19
2
181
12
1
182
14
2
3,536
554
2,982
81
2,901
166
22
3,940
594
3,346
82
3,264
189
16
2,036
352
1,684
51
1,633
93
12
2,352
380
1,972
53
1,919
106
9
413
62
351
3
348
11
3
457
73
384
2
382
12
1
299
30
269
2
267
22
1
321
28
293
1
292
24
1
3,324
213
400
3,698
220
447
1,956
144
235
2,245
152
269
389
16
30
419
20
37
287
8
30
298
11
42
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
2
1
1
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS2
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
1
See footnote 1, table 45.
192
See footnote 2, table 46.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
48. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Hispanic origin
Sex and age
1977
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1977
1978
90,546
94,373
80,734
7,610
3,084
4,526
12,855
70,080
56,351
7,981
3,269
4,712
13,498
72,894
58,759
7,020
2,881
4,139
11,456
62,258
49,790
13,729
Total, 16 years and over . .
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
83,836
8,384
8,925
3,938
4,366
7,312
3,033
4,279
11,977
64,547
51,774
495
167
328
1,188
6,701
5,560
557
189
368
1,295
7,072
5,870
371
131
240
670
2,897
2,583
314
412
153
259
766
,188
833
355
14,136
12,468
12,774
1,141
1,202
55,491
48,578
49,893
4,496
4,717
2,475
2,707
223
77
145
404
1,848
1,630
219
234
90
144
472
2,001
1,755
246
Males, 16 years and over . .
53,861
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
4,124
1,704
2,420
7,031
42,707
34,164
8,543
36,685
4,279
1,767
2,512
7,330
43,883
35,149
8,734
38,882
3,794
1,583
2,211
6,300
38,484
30,662
7,822
32,156
3,916
1,637
2,279
6,560
39,417
31,472
7,945
33,943
283
104
179
625
3,589
2,953
636
3,887
303
105
198
658
3,757
3,074
683
4,207
1,463
1,659
3,486
1,379
2,107
5,824
27,376
22,188
5,188
3,702
1,502
2,200
6,168
29,011
23,609
5,402
3,226
1,298
1,927
5,156
23,775
19,129
4,646
3,396
1,396
2,000
5,418
25,130
20,302
4,828
212
63
149
564
3,112
2,607
505
254
84
170
638
3,317
2,797
520
148
54
94
266
1,049
953
96
178
63
115
294
1,187
1,079
109
See footnote 2, table 44.
See footnote 1, table 44.
49. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Hispanic origin 2
Sex and age
1977
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
See footnote 1, table 44.
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
7.0
6.0
6.2
5.2
13.9
12.6
10.1
9.1
17.7
19.9
16.2
10.9
4.1
4.9
4.1
16
19
14
9
4
4.2
3.2
15.4
17.9
13.6
9.3
4.5
4.6
3.9
41.1
44.4
39.3
24.2
8.6
9.2
5.5
38
43
35
21
7.5
8.1
5.0
22.8
27.3
20.1
12.2
7.6
7.6
8.2
20.6
28.6
15.1
10.8
6.9
7.1
5.3
6.2
5.2
5.5
13.1
11.6
9.0
7.6
17.3
19.5
15.6
10.7
4.3
4.3
3.9
15.7
19.2
13.2
9.1
3.3
3.4
3.1
15.0
17.6
13.0
9.3
3.8
3.9
3.6
13.5
16.9
10.8
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
39.1
40.8
38.0
23.0
8.0
8.3
6.3
36.5
42.8
32.7
20.8
6.7
7.1
4.9
20.5
24.4
18.
12.
6,
6.
7.2
19.5
27.2
13.8
9.3
5.6
5.6
5.0
8.2
7.2
7.3
6.2
14.8
1.3.7
11.9
11.3
18.3
20.4
16.8
11.2
6.0
6.4
4.5
17.0
19.5
15.3
10.1
5.1
5.4
3.3
15.9
18.2
14.2
9.3
5.6
5.8
4.5
14.4
17.1
12.4
8.3
4.5
4.9
3.1
43.6
49.4
40.7
25.5
9.3
10.2
4.5
41.0
45.2
38.6
22.6
8.5
9.1
5.1
26.1
31.0
23.0
12.3
9.3
9.3
8.6
22.0
30.3
16.6
13.1
9.0
9.3
6.9
13.9
17.0
11.5
7.9
3.6
3.8
3.0
4.5
See footnote 2, table 44.
193
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
50. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Hispar
Black and other
White
Total
ic origin1
Weeks of unemployment
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
6,855
2,856
2,089
1,911
896
1,015
6,047
2,793
1,875
1,379
746
633
5,373
2,290
1,604
1,479
701
778
4,620
2,212
1,413
995
553
442
1,482
566
485
431
194
237
1,427
581
462
384
193
191
441
201
128
112
57
56
435
218
127
90
53
38
14.3
7.0
11.9
5.9
14.0
6.8
11.3
5.5
15.4
7.8
14.0
7.2
13.2
6.2
10.9
5.0
100.0
41.7
30.5
27.9
13.1
14.8
100.0
46.2
31.0
22.8
12.3
10.5
100.0
42.6
29.9
27.5
13.0
14.5
100.0
47.9
30.6
21.5
12.0
9.6
100.0
38.2
32.7
29.1
13.1
16.0
100.0
40.7
32.4
26.9
13.5
13.4
100.0
45.5
29.0
25.6
12.9
12.7
100.0
50.0
29.1
20.9
12.2
8.7
Duration
Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 t o 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
.
. . . .
Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 t o 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
1
...
See footnote 2, table 44.
51. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
White
Total
Hispan ic
Black and other
origin'
Reason for unemployment
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
6,855
3,103
853
2,249
889
1,926
938
6,047
2,514
698
1,817
851
1,814
867
5,373
2,497
738
1,759
759
1,448
669
4,620
1,972
593
1,379
1,938
1,348
591
1,482
606
116
490
130
477
268
1,427
542
105
438
142
467
276
441
222
45
177
52
104
64
435
200
42
158
56
111
67
100.0
45.2
12.4
32.8
13.0
28.1
13.7
100.0
41.5
11.5
30.0
14.1
30.0
14.3
100.0
46.4
13.7
32.7
14.1
27.0
12.5
100.0
42.6
12.8
29.8
15.4
29.2
12.8
100.0
40.9
7.8
33.1
8.8
32.2
18.1
100.0
38.0
7.3
30.7
9.9
32.7
19.4
100.0
50.2
10.2
40.0
11.8
23.5
14.5
100.0
46.1
9.7
36.4
12.9
25.6
15.4
3.2
.9
2.0
1.0
2.5
.8
1.8
.9
2.9
.9
1.7
.8
2.3
.8
1.5
.7
5.3
1.2
4.2
2.4
4.6
1.2
3.9
2.3
5.1
1.2
2.4
1.5
4.2
1.2
2.3
1.4
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT D I S T R I B U T I O N
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF T H E
C I V I L I A N LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1
See footnote 2, table 44.
194
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
52. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age by race, and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Black and other
Hispanic origin 1
1977
1978
1977
1978
6,818
6,487
6,015
472
7.3
6,486
6,173
5,859
314
5.1
6,119
5,856
5,484
372
6.4
5,843
5,580
5,331
249
4.5
699
631
531
100
15.8
643
593
528
65
11.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
249
230
215
15
6.5
1,041
927
111
150
16.2
753
672
592
80
11.9
867
782
674
108
13.8
652
585
526
59
10.1
174
145
103
42
29.0
101
87
66
21
24.1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
47
39
35
4
10.3
2,989
2,845
2,644
201
7.1
2,357
2,233
2,100
133
6.0
2,702
2,584
2,417
167
6.5
2,111
2,005
1,900
105
5.2
287
261
227
34
13.0
246
228
200
28
12.3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
100
94
87
7
7.4
2,788
2,715
2,594
121
4.5
3,376
3,268
3,167
101
3.1
2,550
2,490
2,393
97
3.9
3,080
2,990
2,905
85
2.8
238
225
201
24
10.7
296
278
262
16
5.8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
102
97
93
4
4.1
17,583
15,888
14,695
1,193
7.5
18,486
16,779
15,746
1,033
6.2
15,298
13,966
13,047
919
6.6
16,060
M,738
13,973
765
5.2
2,285
1,922
1,648
274
14.3
2,426
2,041
1,773
268
13.1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,209
1,110
1,025
85
7.7
8,156
6,950
6,254
696
10.0
8,390
7,186
6,567
619
8.6
7,136
6,162
5,626
536
8.7
7,289
6,337
5,881
456
7.2
1,020
788
628
160
20.3
1,101
849
686
163
19.2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
532
469
427
42
9.0
5,367
5,058
4,735
323
6.4
6,096
5,771
5,491
280
4.9
4,666
4,433
4,182
251
5.7
5,324
5,082
4,870
212
4.2
701
625
553
72
11,5
772
689
621
68
9.9
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
394
375
349
26
6.9
4,060
3,880
3,706
174
+ .5
4,000
3,822
3,688
134
3.5
3,496
3,371
3,239
132
3.9
3,447
3,319
3,222
97
2.9
564
509
467
42
8.3
553
503
466
37
7.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
283
266
249
17
6.4
1977
1978
1977
1978
VETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
. .
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
See footnote 2, table 44.
Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
N.A.=Not available.
195
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
53. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Employment status
Central cities
Total
Suburbs
Nonfarm
Farm
Total
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
106,356 107,391 45,234
67,094 68,738 27,501
60.8
63.1
64.0
62,229 64,529 25,123
4,866
4,210 2,380
7.3
8.7
6.1
39,262
38,653 17,732
45,323
28,108
62.0
26,029
2,079
7.4
17,215
61,122
39,593
64.8
37,106
2,486
6.3
21,530
62,068
40,630
65.5
38,499
2,131
5.2
21,437
50,069
30,307
60.5
28,317
1,990
6.6
19,762
51,550
31,682
61.5
29,844
1,837
5.8
19,869
4,725
2,939
62.2
2,862
77
2.6
1,785
4,827
3,032
62.8
2,952
79
2.6
1,795
45,344
27,368
60.4
25,455
1,913
7.0
17,977
46,723
28,650
61.3
26,892
1,758
45,158 18,614
36,459 14,453
77.6
80.7
34,880 13,425
1,579 1,028
18,660
14,484
77.6
13,658
825
25,951
21,559
83.1
20,625
934
26,499
21,975
82.9
21,223
753
21,231
16,452
77.5
15,687
765
4,176
4,393
4,523
4,779
2,150
1,793
83.4
1,770
24
1.3
356
2,180
1,807
82.9
1,781
26
4,160
21,848
17,005
77.8
16,332
673
4.0
4,842
1.4
372
19,081
14,659
76.8
13,917
741
5.1
4,423
19,668
15,198
77.3
14,551
647
4.3
4,470
50,686
24,838
49.0
23,085
1,752
7.1
25,848
51 219 22 182
25,897 10,776
50.6
48.6
24,360 9,942
1,537
833
5.9
7.7
25,322 11,407
22 267
11,268
50.6
10,511
757
6.7
10,999
28 504
14,062
49.3
13,143
919
6.5
14,441
28 953
14,629
50.5
13,849
781
5.3
14,323
23 474
10,848
46.2
10,113
734
6.8
12,626
24 269
11,518
47.5
10,820
699
6.1
12,751
2 017
831
41.2
799
32
3.8
1,186
2 064
880
42.7
849
31
3.5
1,184
21 457
10,017
46.7
9,314
702
7.0
11,440
22 205
10,638
47.9
9,971
668
6.3
11,567
11,106
6,245
56.2
5,094
1,151
18.4
4,861
11,014
6,382
57.9
5,289
1,093
17.1
4,632
4,438
2,273
51.2
1,756
517
22.7
2,165
4,397
2,356
53.6
1,860
496
21.1
2,039
6,668
3,972
59.6
3,338
634
16.0
2,696
6,617
4,026
60.8
3,428
597
14.8
2,591
5,364
3,007
56.1
2,516
491
16.3
2,357
5,433
3,158
58.1
2,692
466
14.7
2,275
558
315
56.4
293
22
6.9
243
583
344
59.0
321
22
6.5
239
4,806
2,692
56.0
2,223
469
17.4
2,114
4,850
2,814
58.0
2,371
444
15.8
2,036
91,944
58,344
63.5
54,652
3,692
6.3
33,600
92,782
59,566
64.2
56,464
3,102
5.2
33,216
34,774
21,354
61.4
19,866
1,488
7.0
13,421
34,856
21,732
62.3
20,491
1,241
5.7
13,124
57,170
36,990
64.7
34,786
2,204
6.0
20,179
57,926
37,834
65.3
35,973
1,861
4.9
20,091
45,651
27,763
60.8
26,082
1,682
6.1
17,887
46,798
28,890
61.7
27,372
1,518
5.3
17,908
4,447
2,789
62.7
2,721
67
2.4
1,659
4,509
2,859
63.4
2,796
63
2.2
1,650
41,204
24,974
60.6
23,361
1,615
6.5
16,228
42,289
26,031
61.6
24,576
1,455
5.6
16,258
14,412
8,750
60.7
7,577
1,174
13.4
5,662
14,609 10,459
9,172 6,148
58.8
62.8
8,065 5,257
892
1,108
14.5
12.1
5,437 4,312
10,467
6,376
60.9
5,538
839
13.2
4,091
3,953
2,602
65.8
2,320
282
10.8
1,350
4,142
2,796
67.5
2,527
269
9.6
1,346
4,419
2,544
57.6
2,235
308
12.1
1,875
4,752
2,792
58.7
2,472
319
11.4
1,961
277
151
54.4
141
10
6.6
126
318
172
54.3
156
17
9.7
145
4,142
2,393
57.8
2,094
298
12.5
1,749
4,434
2,620
59.1
2,316
302
11.5
1,816
1977
1978
Total
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
. ..
6.1
18,073
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
44,565
36,012
80.8
34,050
1,962
8,553
8,699
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor forco
196
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
54. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)
Employment status
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Total United States
Nonpoverty
Poverty
Nonpoverty
areas
areas
Nonpoverty
Poverty
areas
Poverty
areas
areas
areas
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
29,087
16,049
55.2
14,575
1,474
28,976
16,285
56.2
14,873
1,412
127,338
81,352
63.9
75,970
5,382
129,965
84,135
64.7
79,500
4,635
11,530
6,111
53.0
5,293
11,155
6,060
54.3
5,313
818
747
94,826
60,983
64.3
56,935
4,047
96,236
62,678
65.1
59,216
3,463
13.4
5,419
12.3
5,095
• 6.6
5.5
656
6.6
665
6.5
6.5
5.5
33,844
33,557
7,619
7,596
12,143
12,273
5,939
3,247
54.7
2,933
5,795
3,210
55.4
2,930
86,005
55,097
64.1
51,719
3,378
86,987
56,357
64.8
53,534
2,824
14,539
8,298
57.1
7,839
14,650
8,485
57.9
8,032
5.0
453
5.3
32,148
20,405
63.5
19,340
1,066
6.1
459
5.5
31,111
19,465
62.6
18,243
1,222
1977
1978
1977
1978
17,557
9,938
56.6
9,282
17,821
10,225
57.4
9,560
32,512
20,369
62.7
19,035
1,334
33,729
21,456
63.6
20,284
1,172
Total
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
9.2
8.7
6.6
5.5
13,038
12,691
45,986
45,831
20,479
11,545
56.4
10,772
20,445
11,694
57.2
10,963
774
6.7
732
6.3
117,116
74,562
63.7
69,962
4,600
119,135
76,762
64.4
72,873
3,888
6.2
5.1
314
9.7
279
8.7
6.3
5.2
8,933
8,751
42,554
42,373
2,692
2,586
30,908
30,631
6,241
6,166
11,646
11,742
8,609
4,504
52.3
3,803
8,531
4,591
53.8
3,911
10,222
6,790
66.4
6,008
10,830
7,373
68.1
6,626
5,591
2,864
51.2
2,360
5,360
2,850
53.2
2,383
8,822
5,886
66.7
5,216
9,249
6,322
68.4
5,682
3,018
1,640
54.3
1,443
3,171
1,741
54.9
1,528
1,401
64.5
1,582
1,051
66.4
700
680
782
147
504
468
670
640
15.5
4,105
196
213
14.8
3,940
11.5
3,432
10.1
3,458
17.6
2,727
16.4
2,510
11.4
2,935
10.1
2,927
12.0
1,378
12.2
1,430
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
....
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
904
792
112
944
107
12.4
10.1
497
531
55. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Poverty
areas
Sex, age, and race
1977
Metropolitan areas
Nonpoverty
areas
1978
Poverty
areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
Nonpoverty
areas
Poverty
Nonpoverty
areas
areas
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
12.3
11.0
32.3
6.6
4.9
6.6
5.5
3.8
5.4
6.6
4.4
7.1
6.5
4.4
7.2
6.5
4.8
6.6
5.5
3.8
5.5
17.1
15.6
17.3
16.0
15.9
14.2
Total
B o t h sexes, 16 years a n d over
Males, 2 0 years a n d over
F e m a l e s , 2 0 years a n d over
B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years
8,7
6.2
8.7
6.6
4.8
6.6
5.5
3.8
5.5
22.0
16.8
15.2
13.4
11.5
11.5
32.1
6.7
5.2
6.7
6.3
4.7
6.5
6.2
4.5
6.2
5.1
3.5
5.0
9.7
8.8
8.8
8.7
6.8
8.4
6.1
4.5
6.1
5.0
3.5
4.9
5.5
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.9
5.8
6.3
4.6
6.3
5.2
3.6
5.4
15.8
....
9,2
7.0
8.9
22.7
....
14.6
15.3
13.8
19.0
21.4
15.4
14.0
14.7
12.3
15.0
13.2
15.5
12.4
13.6
40.2
14.8
10.8
13.4
39.3
11.5
10.1
16.4
13.2
13.6
42.9
10.1
12.0
12.2
12.4
10.1
7.3
9.0
17.6
15.1
14.1
45.4
11.4
8.4
8.4
7.1
8.1
10.3
37.3
7.3
9.1
8.0
10.5
36.8
12.7
30.7
13.2
33.4
11.5
34.7
9.6
White
B o t h sexes, 16 years a n d over
Males, 2 0 years a n d o v e r
Females, 2 0 years a n d over
B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years
....
....
Black and other
B o t h sexes, 1 6 years a n d over
....
Males, 2 0 years a n d over
F e m a l e s , 2 0 years a n d over
....
B o t h sexes, 1 6 - 1 9 years
33.8
34.1
6.8
8.4
32.6
197
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
56. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
1977
1978
Percent of unemployed:
Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship
With no
employed
person in
family
With at least
one employed
person in
family
With no
employed
person in
family
With at least
one person in
family employed full
time
one employed
person in
family
With at least
one person in
family employed full
time
With at least
TOTAL
6,855
Unemployed, total
Unemployed, in families'
Husbands"
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families . . .
39.1
60.9
54.5
6,047
38.2
61.8
55.8
5,934
1,437
1,402
1,926
29.6
51.6
14.7
11.1
70,
48.
85.
88.9
63.0
37.4
79.9
84.7
5,199
1,118
1,203
1,741
71.9
50.1
87.4
90.1
65.0
39.3
82.2
85.9
80.
34.
19
65
12.1
52.8
407
730
848
28.1
49.9
12.6
9.9
81.1
34.5
18.9
65.5
13.0
54.8
413
756
921
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 3
White
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 1
Black
Unemployed, in families 1
Husbands"
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families . . .
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed, not in families 1
In primary families only.
Includes a small number of single, separated,
families.
4,620
36.4
63.6
72.6
48.1
86.1
89.9
65 .4
36 . 9
81 .2
86 2
3 ,960 !
936 j
1 ,003 !
1 ,383 !
25.8
50.0
12.0
9.3
74.2
50.0
88.0
90.7
67 .5
j 38 .8
•
8 3 .0
: 86.9
73.0
32.0
27.0
68.0
16 .4
55 .2
77.4
31.2
22.6
68.8
!
1,355
45.1
54.9
47.5
1,286
44.3
55.7
48.8
37 .7
49 .5
18 .2
15 .3
62.3
50.5
81.8
84.7
8.0
61.8
53.9
39.9
73.4
78.4
1,126
156
176
315
36.4
49.4
14.2
13.0
63.6
50.6
85.8
87.0
55.8
41.0
79.5
81.6
6.1
49.2
168
311
160
86.9
38.9
13.1
61.1
7.7
49.5
•
234
:
404
660
57.9
j
16.7
58 .9
!
4
Unemployed, total
198
56.4
27.4
51.9
13.9
10.1
244
431
738
Unemployed, in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families . . .
:
62.6
4,635
1,218
1,185
1,557
5,373
Unemployed, total
1,194
188
192
334
163
317
161
widowed, or divorced men who head
92 .0
38 # 2
Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about
"black and other" population group.
4
percent ot the
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
57. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
1977
1978
Percent of employed:
With another
With no other
person in
employed per- employed per- family emson in family son in family
ployed full
time
Family relationship
TOTAL
Employed, total
I
l
i 90 ,546
Employed, in families 1
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
j 78,823
j 38 ,976
j 20,745
j 11,969
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families'1
!
j
j
Percent of employed:
With another
person in
With no other With another
employed per- employed per- family employed full
son in family son in family
38.1
61.9
52.8
94,373
37.5
62.5
53.7
28.9
60.7
81,307
39,344
21,598
12,605
27.5
40.5
8.4
6.2
72.5
59.5
91.6
93.8
62.3
43.8
87.4
90.6
6.3
71.1
57.5
90.8
93.7
4,009
3,124
11,723
67.0
28.7
33.0
71.3
23.0
60.3
4,405
3,355
13,066
66.2
27.4
33.8
72.6
23.7
61.7
80,734
37.8
62.2
53.0
83,836
37.0
63.0
53.9
70,461
35,566
18,591
10,929
28.7
43.0
8.7
6.1
71.3
57.0
91.3
93.9
60.8
41.1
86.8
90.4
72,510
35,862
19,373
11,434
8.1
6.0
72.8
59.0
91.9
94.0
62.4
42.9
87.8
91.0
2,962
64.9
28.7
35.1
24.0
71.3
60.7
3,260
2,581
63.5
27.0
36.5
73.0
62.4
50.3
42.5
9.2
42.0
86,
90,
White
Employed, total
Employed, in families'
Husbands :
Wivos
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families 1
Employed, total
Employed, in families'
Husbands'
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families . . .
Relatives of female heads . . .
Employed, not in families 3
1
2
See footnote 1, table 56.
See footnote 2, table 56.
2,413
10,273
25.4
11,326
8,384
42.1
57.9
50.4
8,925
42.5
57.5
7,166
32.3
67.7
59.0
7,464
31.2
68.8
60.1
2,887
1,810
37.3
13.0
62.7
87.0
2,898
35.7
1,840
11.6
8.6
91.4
923
8.6
64.3
88.4
91.4
53.3
826
51.1
81.6
86.0
991
652
74.3
29.9
25.7
70.1
19.1
57.7
1,078
73.9
28.6
26.1
71.4
18.9
59.0
1,218
—
725
1,461
82.9
85.2
--
See footnote 3, table 56.
See footnote 4, table 56.
199
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group
[In thousands]
Change from
Industry
1975
1976
1977
1976-77
TOTAL
76, 945
79,382
82,256
85, 760
GOODS-PRODUCING
22,600
23,352
24,288
2 5, 38 1
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
752
3, 525
18,323
10,688
614. 7
416. 9
629.0
139.0
,458.3
, 056. 8
, 701.6
, 715.0
550. 1
406. 8
7, 635
1,657.5
75. 5
867. 9
1, 243.3
642.0
1,083.4
1, 014.7
194.4
608. 1
248.2
54,345
4,542
779
3, 576
18,997
11,077
679. 6
444. 3
644.4
1, 154.9
1, 510.9
2,065.2
1,774.3
1,798.7
575.3
429. 1
7,920
1, 688.9
76.6
918. 8
1, 318. 1
675. 5
1,099.2
1,042.5
198.5
639
262. 7
56,030
4, 582
837
1977-78P
2, 874
3, 504
936
1, 093
JO
28
3, 833
4, 213
257
380
19, 647
20, 331
650
684
1 1, 573
722.0
462. 8
668.3
1,179.3
1, 576.6
2, 179.4
1,868.3
1,862.5
614. 9
438.8
12, 159
750. 7
486. 4
696. 1
1, 205. 9
1. 652. 9
2. 337.0
1, 965. 9
1. 956. 3
654. 1
454. 0
496
42. 4
18. . 5
2 3 . ,9
24. 4
65. 7
1 14.2
94. 0
63. 8
39. 6
9. 7
586
28. 7
23. 6
27.8
26. 6
76. 3
157. 6
97.6
93.8
39.2
15.2
8,074
1,703.3
74. 1
913. 6
1, 312.3
692.9
1, 137.9
1, 071. 3
202. 3
712.4
253.4
8. 172
1, 694. 3
72. 6
910. 6
1, 315. 3
702. 0
1, 181.4
1, 088. 0
208. 7
748. 3
250.8
154
14. 4
-2. 5
- 5 ., 2
-5. 8
17. 4
38., 7
28.,8
3., 8
7 2 . ,9
- 9 ., 3
98
-9.0
-1. 5
-3.0
3. 0
9. 1
43. 5
16.7
6.4
35.9
-2. 6
57,968
60, 380
1,938
4, 858
114
809
4, 696
•
2, 412
162
17,060
17,755
18,492
19, 392
737
900
4, 415
12,645
4,546
13,209
4, 697
13,795
4, 897
14,496
151
586
200
701
4, 165
4,271
4,452
4, 676
181
224
SERVICES
13,892
14,551
15,249
15, 976
698
111
GOVERNMENT
14,686
14,871
15,079
15, 478
208
399
2, 727
12,352
2, 754
12, 723
-6
214
27
371
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
preliminary.
200
2, 748
1 1, 937
2,733
12,138
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[In thousands]
Change from
Industry
1975
1976
1977
1978P
1976-77
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE . . .
50,991
52,897
55, 040
571
592
615
2, 808
13,043
2, 814
13,638
57, 536
628
2, 143
1977-78 P
2, 496
23
13
3, 004
3, 337
190
333
14, 1 10
14, 611
472
501
7, 557
516.9
337. 3
499.2
886. 6
090.4
339. 3
091.2
153. 7
332.2
310. 6
7, 914
576. 3
364.0
513. 5
904.4
1, 139.0
1, 339.9
1, 159.9
1,235.3
352. 7
328. 7
8, 291
616.5
380. 7
532.9
920.4
1, 193.6
1, 425.4
1,227. 1
1,284.1
375. 3
334. 7
8, 727
643. 6
400. 1
554. 0
948. 0
1, 255. 1
1, 537. 0
1, 290. 3
1, 351. 2
401. 2
346. 7
377
40. 2
16. 7
19.4
16.0
54.6
85. 5
67.2
48. 8
22.6
6.0
436
27. 1
19.4
21. 1
27. 6
61. 5
111. 6
63.2
67. 1
2 5. 9
12. 0
5, 485
, 120.3
62.4
752.4
, 066. 6
479. 7
624.0
579.6
123.0
464. 7
212. 6
5, 724
1, 145. 1
63. 6
800.4
1, 134.3
508. 3
624. 7
600. 1
127. 8
492.9
227.0
5, 819
1, 154.3
59. 7
795. 2
1, 126. 1
519. 3
644. 3
614. 7
131. 3
557.4
217. 2
5, 884
1, 147. 1
57. 7
793. 0
1, 130. 1
527. 6
665. 7
624. 2
136. 7
586.7
2 15. 0
95
9.2
-3. 9
-5. 2
-8.2
11.0
19.6
14.6
3. 5
64. 5
-9.8
65
-7. 2
-2. 0
-2.2
4. 0
8. 3
21. 4
9. 5
5. 4
29. 3
-2. 2
3,894
15,023
3, 637
11, 387
3, 918
15,649
3, 746
11, 904
3,993
4, 088
75
95
16,297
17, 092
648
795
3,869
12,427
4, 036
123
523
167
629
142
171
593
589
13, 056
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
3, 173
3, 243
3, 385
3, 556
SERVICES
12,479
13,043
13,636
14, 225
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (page 84).
p=preliminary.
201
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
3.
by industry division and major manufacturing group
\verage hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
Average weekly earnings
Industry
1978 P
$ 4 . 53
$4.86
$ 5 . 24
$5.68
5. 95
6.46
6. 94
7. 61
249. 3 1
7.70
8. 09
8.62
5.22
5. 67
6. 16
36. 0
35.8
43. 4
43.4
7. 31
4. 83
197-J
36. 1
41. 9
MINING
1977
1975
1976
36. 1
TOTAL PRIVATE
1976
1978 P
1975
42. 4
CONSTRUCTION
36. 4
36.8
36. 5
36.7
MANUFACTURING
39. 5
2. 6
40. 1
40. 3
40.4
3. 1
3. 4
40. 6
41. 0
41. 1
3.2
3. 7
39.
39.
41.
41.
8
0
3
3
41. b
39. 7
39.3
41.6
41.8
41.0
42. 0
4.
3.
4.
6.
40. 8
39.9
38.8
41. 1
40.8
40. 8
41.2
39. 5
40. 4
40. 0
41.7
40. 4
42. 5
39. 5
40. 3
Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures . .
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
....
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic
equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related
products
38.
38.
40.
40.
40. 1
$203. 34
273. 90
301. 20
330.27
266. 08
283. 36
295. 29
316. 35
190. 79
209. 32
228. 50
248. 86
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . •
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1
234. 55
332.17
5.70
178. 94
198. 68
214. 77
233. 13
4. 69
146. 69
156. 75
169. 17
181. 97
169. 56
185. 18
200. 94
217.88
5. 29
4 . 36
4. 70
5. 10
5. 53
4 . 37
40. 0
37. 9
7
7
0
9
39.8
38.2
40. 4
35.6
42. 9
37.6
41.8
43. 5
40. 9
37. 1
4. 61
4. 57
0
2
9
2
40. 5
37. 5
40. 1
35.8
42. 5
37. 5
41.6
42. 1
40.7
37.4
39. 7
39- 8
39. 9
40. 0
3. 73
37. 0
217. 76
309. 40
4.93
39.4
3.2
41.
41.
39.
37.
198. 40
276. 05
4. 04
39. 4
37. 7
41.
42.
41.
36.
09
34
80
40
b. 90
bl
bO
188.
154.
219.
276.
223.
238.
5.80
6.27
4.29
3.94
6. 52
6.47
7. 01
8. 60
5. 50
3. 90
18 5. 78
174. 57
134. 01
111. 58
2 08. 42
199. 06
220. 99
2 66. 56
174. 76
119. 04
201.
187.
147.
121.
232.
214.
245.
303.
189.
127.
6. 99
7. 54
3.97
4. 27
4.66
5. 03
3. 57
5. 39
3. 8 5
5. 37
5. 62
5. 39
6. 47
4. 38
3. 20
4.97
4.99
3.69
3.40
5.47
5.71
5. 91
7.21
4.65
3.40
3.
5.
6.
6.
7.
5.
3.
5. 88
6.45
3. 4 1
3. 17
5. 01
5. 38
3. 98
62
96
11
43
82
17
61
33. 9
33.7
33. 3
38. 7
38.7
32. 1
38. 8
31. 6
38.8
31. 0
4. 72
32. 4
36. 5
36.4
36. 4
36. 5
4 . 06
4.27
4 . 54
33. 0
32.8
4 . 02
4. 31
4 . 65
33.3
86
26
77
20
33
81
06
22
99
14
202.
169.
239.
305.
241.
2b9.
58
26
b4
62
90
38
-
32.8
33. 5
92
53
50
34
53
50
183. 28
245. 23
3. 8 1
39. 4
3. 0
221.
183.
262.
342.
259.
283.
5.82
7.89
4. 53
35. 6
42. 9
270. 03
5. 39
7. 28
40. 9
40. 4
248. 46
6. 2b
40. 6
38. 8
39. 3
226. 55
164.
143.
198.
247.
202.
219.
4.96
6. 62
3. 2
205. 49
5. 59
4.67
6. 31
8. 19
6. 33
6. 75
4. 64
6. 07
38. 8
35. 2
41. 6
6. 57
40.3
42. 1
5. 05
38.8
40. 3
38. 2
6. 06
b. 38
26
77
92
18
38.8
2. 7
5. 58
_
38. 5
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (page 84).
202
5. 15
5.
4.
b.
7.
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries
-
4. 72
3.99
5.33
6.77
5.49
5.78
41. 0
1978 P
$163. 53 $175. 45 $188. 64
3.8
7
0
4
0
1977
1976
3.6
39. 9
2. 6
197 5
3. 36
86
54
26
16
2 14. 80
213. 00
160. 79
128. 87
255. 68
230. 35
268. 13
333. 91
211. 97
133. 21
230. 84
239. 51
173.32
140.26
279. 71
243.27
293. 02
374.10
224. 95
144.69
233. 44
256. 71
278. 90
301. 60
126. 45
133. 79
142. 19
152. 85
5.88
4. 19
182. 66
108. 86
194. 66
114. 60
209. 13
121. 66
228. 14
129.89
4. 90
148. 19
155. 43
165. 2 6
178.85
4.99
134. 67
143. 52
153. 4 5
163. 67
p=preliminary unweighted averages.
29
13
97
72
48
13
Explanatory Notes
These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data
(A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings.
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major
sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample
survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is
conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor
force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the
characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a
sample of about 56,000 households, representing 614 areas in
1,113 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the
activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th
of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each month
from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in
cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage
and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly
and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series
are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay
during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one another,
each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are
readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed
industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of
differences in definition and coverage, sources of information,
methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and
trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other
private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid
workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week
in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural
and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey
covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information
on the work status of the population without duplication, since
each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the
labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are
counted only once and are classified according to the job at which
they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among
the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during
the survey week—that is, were not working but had jobs from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off
for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports,
persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P.
Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household
and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas
the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the
household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are
excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of
average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation,
paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
203
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
C O M P A R A B I L I T Y OF THE P A Y R O L L E M P L O Y M E N T
D A T A W I T H OTHER SERI ES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all
during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting
to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment
insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by
the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of
Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights,
new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, self-employment,,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in
January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the
household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work
and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as
employed rather than unemployed in the household survey.
Statistics on manufactures and business. Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses
or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the
censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some
noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative
offices and auxililiary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered,
e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public
utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in
BLS statistics.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between
State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green
in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of
this article may be obtained upon request.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of
persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series
and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than
once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and
collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured
in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP),
published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of
central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and
coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs.
Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the
unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 1972,
coverane was expanded to include employees of small firms and
selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial
schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning
in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION A N D COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed,
the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data
are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current
Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey
appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This
report is available from BLS upon request.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a
scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian
noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain
information about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also
collected and published for 14 and 15 year olds. The inquiry relates
to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through
Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known
as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the
following week.
204
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly
enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force
statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed
Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from
the Department of Defense.
Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview.
About 2,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not
obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents
a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4 percent. In
addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units
in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed
each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the
sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one-half
to be common with the same month a year earlier.
Beginning in September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000
households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States
and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50
States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in
January 1978.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey
week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business,
profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off,
and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held
more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries,
temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises
of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or
repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and
similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work
during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the
survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work,
and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had
been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary
job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified
as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons
on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full
weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A
period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed
or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of
the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided
into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment
ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and
persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise
terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked
at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor
force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are
persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding
the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed
because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which
they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or
salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to public or private employment
agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other"
method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union
or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization,-or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as
a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital
status, race,etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant
rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the
sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total non institutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published
for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the
total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure
can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who
are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in
school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental
illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part
retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily
idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off"
season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing
only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also
classified as not in the labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time
of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on
a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed questions for
persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households
that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the
"outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed not-in-labor force questions
were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample,
i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are
classified according to their last full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks
or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived
from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 1970
Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and
salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in
kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid
family workers are person.* working without pay for 15 hours a
week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of
the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally
works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day
holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was
paid for the holiday.
205
For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to
the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However,
all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on total employment because the latter include persons
in zero-hour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill,
involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for
voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are
designated as working "full time," persons who worked between
1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part-time." Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their present job
(either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part
time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs
to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of
home housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules
include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who
worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work
full time.
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of
persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed
persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists
of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons
seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during
the survey week are classified according to whether they usually
work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the
economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available
aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed
persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) that those looking for part-time work lost the average number
of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during
the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic
reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual
number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently
had been identified as "Negro and other races" and prior to 1969
as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the
1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in
the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the
mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic
origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately
96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during
the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not.
Statistics on major activity are published every month in table
A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race, and sex, and,
if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces
of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
206
Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian
noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females
are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical
divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor
according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as
poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal
interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds vary by family
size, composition, and residence (farm-nonfarm). While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents,
many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the
areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all
areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of
SMSA's as defined in the 1970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas
refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan
total is disaggregated into farm and nonfarm components.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear
up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: (1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for
work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity
within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made
for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be
recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not
applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous;
(2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their
jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and
were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had
been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment
in order to increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more
than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, although
the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number
of employed was reduced about 1 million because of the exclusion
of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over, the only
employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours
of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes
and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in
the February 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly
Report on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning 1953,
as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950 census into
the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; (2) beginning
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of
about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor
force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning
1962, the introduction of figures from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by
about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
In addition, beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was
introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in
the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force
and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000,
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A
subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was
introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and
black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and
other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures
were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced
by 150,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population
was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change
in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact
on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black
and other population—but had little effect on 16 and over totals.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in
"CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method
of Estimation" in the February 1974 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese
refugees into the United States, the total and black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were
adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000 males and 46,000 females. The
addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by
less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were
in the "other" population.
Beginning in 1978, the introduction of an expansion of the sample
^and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of
roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and
employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially
unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation
group households, rather than determined by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth
of the sample households has race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households has race
determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers
are 2/8 and 6/8 in November 1978, 3/8 and 5/8 in December 1978,
4/8 and 4/8 from January 1978 through September 1978, 5/8 and
3/8 in October 1979, and so on, until the entire sample has race
determined by the household respondent in January 1980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible
that it will cause a break in the time series given for some
racial statistics.
Changes in occupational classification system
Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population
Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review
of the classification system to be used for the 1970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 1940 census,
was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about
general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in
March 1970 employment levels tabulated on both the 1960 and
1970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in
operatives to an increase of 570,000 in service workers, much of
which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other
groups amounted to 220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport
equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 1972. At the same time, several changes in
titles, as well as in order of presentation, were introduced; for
example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group
was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since
only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the
category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 1971, when a
question eliciting information on major activities or duties was
added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine
more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This
change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly
from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made
for 1972 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the
CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact
on unemployment rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively,
of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these changes
were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample
design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is to change
the sample design to make use of the recently collected census
materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of
number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 1953, a
rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and
then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and
Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to
the sample to account for the population in these States. After the
1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from
census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is
still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a non-contiguous cluster
of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing
units. A recent change was introduced in January 1978, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 24 States and the
District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual
average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing
design. A coverage improvement sample was included in computing the estimates beginning in October 1978 in order to provide
coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that
previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This
sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represent 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new
construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to
January 1970 and construction was not completed by the time of
the 1970 Census (i.e., April 1970). The extent of other sources of
housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The
207
Households eligible
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 ,
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956,
May 1956 to Dec. 1959,
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 ,
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to present . .
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide
coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.
2 These are households which were visited, but were found to
inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not
hjvea significant effect on the estimates.
The following table provides a description of some aspects of
the CPS sample design in use during the referenced data collection
periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and
Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Sucvey,
BLS Report 463.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results
for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on
returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force,
employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program.
The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of
the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. In States supplemented in the 1978 expansion, almost
all sample persons within the same sample area have the same
basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The
basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview,
and the ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied
sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately
by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District
of Columbia, and within these, for six groups—two race categories
(white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For
sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the
urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample
areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and
rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
208
Number of
sample
areas *
68
230
330
333 3
357
449
449
461
614
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
Not
interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
Households
visited not
eligible2
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
9,500
be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview.
3
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska
and Hawaii after statehood.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for
the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the
population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and
residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with
labor force participation and other principal measurements made
from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these
population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS sample, a portion of the
614 sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the
sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed
to reduce the contribution to the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore this
procedure is not applied to sample areas which represent only
themselves. The procedure is applied within each State that contains nonsample areas and takes into account the differences that
existed at the time of the 1970 census in the distribution by race
and residence of the population in sample areas and the known
race-residence distribution in the portions of the State represented
by these areas.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportion
in the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of
independent current estimates of the population in the same
categories. The second-stage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In
the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State
and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the
population 16 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40-age-sex-race categories across the whole
Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority
.races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons
and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 age-sex-race groups. The entire second-stage ratio
estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning
at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures
that the sample estimates both of State population and of national
age-sex-race categories, will be virtually equal to the independent
population estimates.
The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation
of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from
the April 1 , 1970 census through the latest available July 1 estimate,
adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population
of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates
methodology are available on request from the Chief of the
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C, 20233.
Prior to January 1974, the independent national controls used
for the age-sex-race groups in both the second and third steps
of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure were prepared
by carrying forward the most recent census data (1970) after taking
account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and
migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning
in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent
population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the
most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each
subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration,
and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates are
then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual
percent change over time in the population in any age group is
preserved.
3- Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given
month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts
of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the
current month. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change
are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals
and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however,
are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a
sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors
provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error.
They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors
in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic
biases in the data.
Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some
sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The
effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative
change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly
levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources,
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample,
definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data,
and failure to represent all sample households and all persons
within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well
as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random
sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview
at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that
the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic
biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the
other results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reeinterview Program, January 1961 through December 1966,
Technical Paper No. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the
CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used
for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation
group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The
Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys,"
by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and
missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as
compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It
is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race.
Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and
larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation
to independent age-sex-race population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further, the independent
population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage
in the 1970 census, which was estimated at 2.5 percent of the
population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those
observed in the CPS.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appears
in the paper, " A n Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the
Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar,
Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the American Statistical
Association, Social Statistics Section, Chicago, Illinois, August
1977; in the paper "The Current Population Survey: An Overview,"
by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and
Social Measurement, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1973; and in The Current
Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No.
40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last
document includes a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of
various sources of errors, and describes attempts to measure them
in the CPS.
Sampling error. Since the estimates are based on a sample, they
may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same schedules,
instructions, and enumerators. The standard error is primarily a
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that
occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the survey differs from a complete census figure
by less than the standard error. The chances are about 95 out of
100 that the differences would be less than twice the standard
error.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a
large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost,
a number of approximations were required. First, the standard
errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation
procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average
State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly,
instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate,
generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various
types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of
209
standard errors provided give an indication of the order of
magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the
precise standard error.
Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major
employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are
applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated totals,
unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors
for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described
below, for monthly level and month-to-month change for percentages* Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the
tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard
error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more
closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to
the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-to-month
change as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary
to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should
be noted that the tables of standard errors for month-to-month
change apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months. Estimates of change over other time periods are
subject to higher standard errors. For years prior to 1967, the
standard errors must be adjusted due to differences in sample
size. For years before 1956, the standard errors should be multiplied by 1.50 and for the 1956-1966 period they should be multiplied by 1.22.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide
generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for month-tomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for
the characteristics as indicated
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in
the second column of table C shows that the standard error on an
estimate of 12,000,000 is about 150,000. Consequently, the
chances are about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by
less than 150,000 from the figure which would have been obtained
from a complete count of the number of persons working the given
number of hours. Recall that the standard error of a month-to-month
change is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.
Thus, using linear interpolation in column one of table D the
standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000 when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000 is about 111,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an
estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator,
depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total
upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding
estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is
particularly true for percentages of 5 0 percent or more. As a
general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly
base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than
35,000.
Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly
level and month-to-month change for unemployment rates.
Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages
and estimated month-to-month change in percentages can be
obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and
210
the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table
G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard
error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from
table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the
numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different
categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the
percentage.
Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that
3.6 percent of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of
3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table G
(0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 1.26. The
generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is then
approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percent.
Table A. Standard errors of major employment
status categories
(In thousands)
Standard error o f —
Employment status, sex,
age, and race
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black and other, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Monthly
level
Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)
223
236
107
171
180
111
124
135
68
107
118
71
168
167
64
129
131
67
80
84
56
85
94
69
78
85
54
60
65
57
44
49
33
38
43
35
62
62
34
48
49
36
33
30
29
37
35
32
Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics
Standard error o f —
Selected categories
Monthly
level
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present . . . .
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over . . . .
o11
Standard error o f —
Selected categories
Consecutive
month change
Blue collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives . . . .
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
.12
.18
Nonagricultural private wage and
salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers . . .
.13
.20
.19
.37
.23
.20
.27
.35
.49
.62
.31
.55
.40
.55
.71
.34
.62
.12
.58
.22
.27
.36
.31
.25
.17
.21
1.09
.13
.66
.24
.30
.40
.35
.28
.19
.23
1.24
INDUSTRY
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Consecutive
month change
OCCUPATION—Continued
.11
.13
.18
.65
.11
.47
.13
.22
.12
.40
.07
.13
.17
.55
.11
.45
.12
.21
.11
.32
.06
Monthly
level
.21
.41
.26
.22
.30
Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristics1
Labor force data other than
unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated
monthly
level
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Agricultural
employment
13
18
41
57
81
113
137
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
10
14
32
45
64
90
109
125
139
166
188
219
249
253
260
260
254
221
143
10
14
32
44
60
79
88
90
87
36
Total
or
white,
16-19 years
10
14
32
44
60
77
84
84
76
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a
group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the
standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the
Total or
Black and
white males
other, >
only, or
16-19 years
females only
10
14
28
33
13
9
13
30
42
59
82
99
113
124
146
161
177
178
164
131
49
Unemployment
Black and
other
males only,
or
females only
9
13
29
40
52
60
53
16
Total
or
white
10
14
31
44
62
87
106
122
135
163
182
Black
and
other
11
15
33
46
63
83
93
standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age
20 to 54 years use the column for total employed.
211
Table D. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Type of characteristic
Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data
Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
Total, or
white,
16-19 years
Black and
other,
16-19 years
8
11
24
34
47
66
81
93
103
123
130
163
179
189
194
195
191
179
119
8
11
23
33
45
58
65
68
65
33
12
17
37
52
70
89
96
93
78
12
17
33
37
50
100
500
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000 .
20,000 . ,
30,000 . .
40,000
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 ,
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
l
See footnote 1, table C.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons
Total
or
white
Both sexes
16-19 years,
or part-time
labor force
11
16
35
48
68
93
110
123
132
145
146
12
17
39
55
77
107
129
147
162
191
211
Black
and
other
Black
and other,
16-19 years
12
16
36
49
65
80
12
17
34
39
reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and
persons by duration of unemployment.
Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate
Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)
50 ....
100....
500. ...
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000.
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000
212
10
2.05
1.45
.65
.46
.32
.23
.19
.15
.11
.06
.04
2.88
2.04
.91
.65
.46
.32
.26
.21
.15
.08
.06
4.49
3.18
1.42
1.01
.71
.50
.41
.32
.23
.12
.10
15
20
25
30
35
6.18
4.37
1.96
1.38
.98
.69
.57
.44
.31
.17
.13
7.36
5.20
2.33
1.65
1.17
.83
.67
.52
.37
.20
.16
8.25
5.83
2.61
1.84
1.31
.92
.75
.59
.41
.23
.18
8.93
6.32
2.82
2.00
1.42
1.00
.82
.63
.45
.25
.19
9.46
6.69
2.99
2.12
1.50
1.06
.86
.67
.47
.26
.20
9.85
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.21
50
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.94
.73
.51
.28
.22
Table F. Standard errors of month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate
Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000
10
2.32
1.64
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.11
.06
.05
3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.13
.15
.09
.07
5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.24
.13
.10
15
20
25
30
35
50
7.10
5.02
2.25
1.59
1.12
8.52
6.02
2.69
9.64
.79
.64
.49
.33
.94
.76
10.05
7.11
3.17
2.24
1.57
1.10
11.39
8.05
3.58
2.52
1.76
1.22
12.55
8.87
3.93
2.74
1.89
1.26
.89
.67
.48
.23
.97
.72
11.97
8.39
3.73
2.62
1.83
1.26
1.00
.18
.13
1.90
1.34
.59
.39
.21
.14
6.81
3.04
2.15
1.51
1.06
.86
.65
.44
.22
.14
.51
Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for
labor force date
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000 . ,
2,000 . ,
4,000 . ,
6,000 . .
10,000 ,
20,000 .
40,000 ,
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
160,000
1
or 99
2
or 98
5
or 95
10
or 90
15
or 85
20
or 80
25
or 75
30
or 70
35
or 65
2.03
1.43
.64
.45
.32
.23
.19
.14
.10
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
2.85
2.02
.90
.64
.45
.32
.26
.20
.14
.10
.08
.07
.06
.05
4.44
3.14
1.41
.99
.70
.50
.41
.31
.22
.16
.13
.11
.10
.08
6.12
4.32
1.93
1.37
7.28
5.15
2.30
1.63
1.15
.81
.66
8.15
5.77
2.58
1.82
1.29
8.83
6.24
2.79
9.34
1.97
1.40
.91
.74
.58
.99
2.09
1.48
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.17
9.72
6.88
3.07
2.17
1.54
NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by
the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for
.97
.68
.56
.43
.31
.22
.18
.15
.14
.11
.51
.36
.26
.21
.18
.16
.13
.41
.29
.24
.20
.18
.14
.81
.62
.44
.31
.25
.22
.20
.16
6.61
2.95
1.09
.89
.69
.49
.34
.28
.24
.22
.17
50
10.19
7.21
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.73
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.18
a specific type of characteristic,
Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and
month-to-month changes in percentages
Factor
Factor
Type of characteristic
Monthly level
Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force . . .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data:
Total
Males only
Females only
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Part-time labor force
1.26
1.26
1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00
Month-to-month
change
1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18
Type of characteristic
Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration
of unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment
characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . .
Monthly level
Month-to-month
change
1.01
1.21
.97
.97
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.24
213
Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary
employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Federal-State cooperation
Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national. State, and area estimates.
This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and
together with the use of identical techniques at the national and
State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine
the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The
States use the information to prepare State and area series
and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington
Office) for use in preparing the national series.
Shuttle schedules
Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form
1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency
returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the
next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that
month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability
and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures
that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production
and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL 1219 provides for
the collection of information on the total number of accessions and
separations, by type, during the calendar month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219
are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
This information is collected each year on a supplement to the
monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more
than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the establishment is included under the industry
indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification ^Manual
(SICM), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the
last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted
if they performed any service during the month.
214
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer
or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government
employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are
excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National
Security Agencies are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave
(when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or
paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even
though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the
period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the
entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the
period.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings
relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory.
Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer
than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees)
engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving,
storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance,
repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary
production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above
production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in the
construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at
the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of
the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the
working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers,
repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters,
photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial
workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any
part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The
payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax,
bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earrmd and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in
the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded.
"Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance,
contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also
excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and
vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from
the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related
workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours
were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time
workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the
12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only
if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.
Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic
hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in
output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect
shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid
and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect
changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates
are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The
earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on
the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits,
payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees
not covered under the production worker, construction worker,
or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly
earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly
earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey
period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may
cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries
have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have
affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the
average hours for which pay was received and is different from
standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism,
labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly
hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of
component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee
were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total
compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours
worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month-to-month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the
industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was
worked in both the previous and current months. In addition,
such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may
not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries. The
series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790.
Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and
Wages, County
Business Patterns of the Bureau of the Census, and
additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide,
Part I I , of the American Hospital Association and special studies
by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain
industry groups within the services division.
For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours
and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries,"
published in the May 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings
and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints are available
upon request.
Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly
data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials,
and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are
obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced
to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earn-
ings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal
social security and income taxes from average weekly eamings»
The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of
dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status,
and level of gross
calculates two sets
sumptions that the
ings and was taxed
income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau
of spendable earnings series based on the asworker earned the gross average weekly earnat the rates applicable to either (1) a worker
with no dependents, or (2) a married worker with three dependents
who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in
the industry division excluding other income and income earned by
other family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers,
with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay
approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and
nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such
workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers
with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, and
since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, the
series understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers.
As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings.
For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of
these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures
of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review
for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed
by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
215
Workers (CPI-W), and then multiplying by 100. "Real" earnings for
months prior to January 1978 are deflated by the unrevised
CPI-W, whereas those for January 1978 forward are deflated by the
revised CPI-W. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and
for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus
adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the
base period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing
the total production-worker payroll for the industry group by the
sum of total production-worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the
application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings
(as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540).
Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for
at 1 2 times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other
V
premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work,
and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes
of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the
current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1967
period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly
hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates
and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation,
hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified
time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing
industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more
detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of
Diffusion Indexes," in the December 1974 issue of Employment
and Earnings.
Labor turnover
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual
establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month,
is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires)
and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either
employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a
calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The
date relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent
or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried
personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired
employees.
New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in
the establishment (except employees transferring from another
establishment of the same company) or of former employees
not recalled by the employer.
Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically recalled to a job in the same
establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting
216
more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a
separate item, began January 1976.)
Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which
are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers
from other establishments of the company and former employees
returning from military leave or other absences without pay who
have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not
published separately but are included in total accessions.
Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar
month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and
other separations are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees,
failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month
the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar
days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last
more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer
without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but are
included in total separations, are terminations of employment
because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement,
transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance
into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than
30 consecutive calendar days.
Relationship of labor turnover to employment series
Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing
industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with
the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for
the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees
on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work
stoppage extends through the report period.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the "link
relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic
adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the
use of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both
the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is
called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees,
including production and nonproduction workers together) for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for
the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small
bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is
determined from past experience. Other features of the general
procedures are described in table I. Summary of methods for
Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
Item
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)
Monthly data
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees
Gross average weekly hours
All-employees estimate for previous
Sum of all-employee estimates for commonth multiplied by ratio of all emponent cells.
ployees in current month to all employees in previous month, for
sample establishments which reported for both months.
All-employee estimate for current
month multiplied by (1) ratio of
production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2)
estimated ratio of women to all employees.
Sum of production- or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of
women employees, for component
cells.
Production- or nonsupervisory-worker
hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.
Average, weighted by production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment,
of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Gross average hourly earnings
Production-worker overtime hours divided by number of production
workers.
Average, weighted by production-worker
Total "production- or nonsupervisory-
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of
employment, of the average weekly
overtime hours for component cells.
worker payroll divided by total
the average hourly earnings for com-
production-or nonsupervisory-
ponent cells.
worker hours.
Gross average weekly earnings
Labor turnover rates
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Product of gross average weekly hours
The number of particular actions (e.g.,
quits) in reporting establishments
divided by total employment in
those firms. The result is multiplied
by 100.
Average, weighted by employment, of
and average hourly earnings.
the rates for component cells.
Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and production or
nonsupervisory workers
Gross average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Sum of monthly estimates divided by
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
12.
Annual total of aggregate hours
(production- or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers
divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate overtime
hours (production-worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours
for production workers divided by
annual sum of employment for
these workers.
See footnotes at end cf table.
217
Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and
labor turnover—Continued
Item
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,,
size, or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)
Annual average data—Continued
Gross average hourly earnings
Annual total of aggregate payrolls
(product of production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment by weekly hours and hourly
earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours.
Gross average weekly earnings
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual sum
of employment.
The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by
business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under
representation of newly formed enterprises in the sample.
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio,
average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly
earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to corncomputing
industry
statistics on employment, hours, earnings,
and labor turnover.
pensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary
character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of
the latest sample average.
Table J.
Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks based on 1972 SIC and estimates based on
1967 SIC for 1977
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and the stratified production- or nonsupervisory
worker-data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader
industry groupings* Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an
employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the
summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a
size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within
an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"
for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1977 levels. Normally, benchmark
adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment
data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports
of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws.
These tabulations cover nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultu-ral
employment in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual
are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration,
the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new
benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary,
the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one,
and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward
progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the
level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-tomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts
of revisions made at the time of the March 1977 benchmark adjustment is shown in table J.
218
Industry division
Total
VI in i ng
Construction
.
. . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government
Benchmark
(1972
SIC)
March
1977
Estimate
(1967
SIC)
March
1977
80 493
80 547
-0 1
805
3 430
19 253
827
3 451
19 183
-2 7
- 6
4
4 603
17,891
4 522
17,799
18
.5
4,377
14 935
15,199
4,422
1 5 028
15,315
-1.0
Percent
difference
- 6
-.8
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of
the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data,
the BLS publishes, as soon as possible after each benchmark revision, a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor
turnover statistics, entitled Employment and Earnings, United
States.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of
establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among
strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size
of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments
fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the
various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in
which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample
design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a
substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary
to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of
universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments^n these nonmanufacturing
divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or
seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data
at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide
coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and
regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most
industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary
estimates each month for many industries and for-many geographic
levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents,
and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater
industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table K shows the approximate proportion
of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table L shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.
Table K. Approximate size and coverage of BLS
employment and payrolls sample, March 1977 l
Industry division
Total
Number of
establishments in
sample
Number
reported
Percent
of total
164,300
32,152,000
40
2,100
16,300
47,100
313,000
686,000
11,166,000
39
20
58
77
508,000
95
7,400
2,208,000
53
40,600
3,242,000
18
10,600
24,300
1,583,000
2,896,000
36
19
2,714,000
6,836,000
100
55
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation
and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail
trade
Finance,insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government:
Federal (Civil Service
Commission) . . . . . .
State and local
3,700
12,100
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a
slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
National estimates of Federal employment are provided
to the BLS by the Civil Service Commission. State and area
estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering
about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1977
Employees
Industry
Number reported Percent of total
Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived
from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section,
a "link relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This
requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base
in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling
and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually
to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for
changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments
(resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in
the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly
within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause
of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from
improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table M presents the average percent revisions (based on the 1967 SIC) of the
Employees
Total
Manufacturing
Mining
Telephone communication. . . .
136,810
49
48
41
699,960
72
10,070,140
9,233,370
six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment)
for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual
benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be
affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours
and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors
which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A
relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the
estimate.) Relative errors (based on the 1967 SIC) for major
industries are presented in table M and for individual industries
with the specified number of employees in table N. The chances are
about 2 out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the
sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error
219
from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete
census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates
V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2
RMSE-
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate
from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than
the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20
that the difference would be less than twice the root-mean-square
error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the
experience of the last 6 years and the 1967 SIC) of differences
between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in
table N.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. Table O presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts
of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and
final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month
changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are
normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent
for hourly earnings.
Table N. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings1
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates
1,900
2,700
4,100
9,600
13,000
16,800
Industry division
Total nonagricultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Durable
Nondurable goods . . .
Transportation and public
utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government
0.2
.1
1.2
1.2
-.3
.4
.3
0.1
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1
0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
1.0
.2
.7
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.3
.2
.4
.6
.6
.2
.4
.4
.8
Based on 1967 SIC.
The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71
and 1974 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for
Federal Government and samples for State and local government
benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted
by the Bureau of the Census.
220
1.5
1.1
.9
.8
.5
.5
Table O. Errors of preliminary employment estimates1
Root-mean-square
error of
Month-toMonthly
month
level
change
Table M. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division l
Average
Relative errors
bench(in percent)
mark revision in
Average Average
estimates
hourly
weekly
of
earnings
hours
employment
0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3
Based on 1967 SIC.
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Size of employment estimate
[In percent]
Relative errors 3
(in percent)
Average
Average
hourly
weekly
earnings
hours
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
10,000,000
600
800
1,400
3,300
4,200
6,500
27,000
94,000
Total nonagricultural
employment
Mining
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
...
...
600
700
1,200
3,200
4,200
6,300
23,000
81,000
6,000
17,000
35,000
14,000
33,000
6,000
27,000
45,000
5,000
1 5,000
33,000
12,000
31,000
6,000
22,000
39,000
Based on 1967 SIC.
STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLSO The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages
(usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they
occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These
statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by B LS
for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the
State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S.
totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing
industrial and geographic stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of
this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry
statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are
presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a
summary volume published annually by the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
Definition
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of
labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume
of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees
plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private bene-
fit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and
supplementary payment for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted
to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index
for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required
to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments
include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit
of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing
by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit
profits
include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjust-
ments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported.
Notes on the data
For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households
and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy.
For the nonf inancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross
Domestic Product of nonf inancial corporate business.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the
Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data
are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department
of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures
have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual
estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau
of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
State and area unemployment data
(E table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance
programs are developed by State employment security agencies
under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures
developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an
area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Labor force and unemployment in 10 large States: New York,
California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan,
Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently
reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of
the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above.
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 205 labor market areas are prepared in
several stages^
1 .Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments
which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This place-ofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as
used in the CPS» Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial
Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment
estimates.
221
2. Preliminary estimate-Unemployment: In the current month, the
estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each
of three building block categories: (1) Persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and
(3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time
or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below,
as the Ul-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance
claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been
exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for
nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for
cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons
who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate
for each non-covered industry or class of worker subgroup in the
State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment,
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that
relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced
unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the
estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed;
(c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of
the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U=total entrant unemployment
E=total employment
X=total experienced unemployment
A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and
an assumed relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the historical
relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed
(B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor).
3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then
applied at the State level to the Ul-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based
estimates for the six month period ending in the current month
(e.g. a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of
employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 10 large States or by the
Ul-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas
(LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the
LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure
that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add
to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which
also have substate areas taken directly from the CPS, the additivity
adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total
minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using
Ul-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked,
by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States
for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences
in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First,
the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the
CPS to the Ul-based annual averages. Second, the difference
between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is
wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates
are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 10
States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates
will equal the CPS annual averages.
Seasonal adjustment
Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal
movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience.
By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to
usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating
deviations from the seasonal pattern—that is, changes in a seasonally
adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment
is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally
adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the
original data on which they are based, since they are subject not
only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by
the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment
data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
222
The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an
adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method. They
provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of
changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods
is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method
(1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal
Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the
Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing
the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are
revised to take into account data from the previous year. In
January 1976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the
Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally
adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series {e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers
are the exclusive or major part. In January 1978, modifications were
introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage
nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural employment, nonagricultural employment and
unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and females
under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal
variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total
figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment
and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are
aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is
derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the
sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age components) by the civilian
labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the
labor force based on data through December 1977, new seasonal
factors for the 12 major components of the civilian labor force,
and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are
published in the February 1978 Employment and Earnings. Many
additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the
Iseries presented, are available from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component
levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted
data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly
earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers (revised CPI-W), and multiplying by 100.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and
nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary
help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal
change in Federal Government employment during the winter
months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change
substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions
by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude
this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is
based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied
directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to
obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These
factors are derived by the Census X-11 Method using the trading day
option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times
each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the
month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data
reflect experience through May 1978. Seasonal factors to be used
for current adjustment appear in the October 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.
223
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
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Government Center - Room 1603 A
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