Full text of Employment and Earnings : February 2000

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Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

February 2000
Vol. 47 No. 2

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration
with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by
the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and
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concerning the data in this publication, or their availability,
should be directed as follows:
Household data:
Telephone: (202)691-6378
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Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
National establishment data:
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State and area establishment data:
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Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
Region, State, and area labor force data:
Telephone: (202)691-6392
E-mail: Lauslnfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Annual averages

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Minimum wage data

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr, July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Information in this publication will be made available to
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Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Employment^Earnings
Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Editor's Note
Effective with the publication of January 2000 data, household survey data shown in table A
and tables A-l through A-38 incorporate revised population controls. For additional information, see the article beginning on page 3. This issue also introduces monthly seasonally
adjusted data on the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job. These
data appear in table A-3.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error..
Employment and unemployment developments, January 2000
Revisions in the Current Population Survey effective January 2000
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
5
138
176

Statistical tables

Source

Historical

Seasonally
adjusted

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Not
seasonally
adjusted
20

45

49
54

66
79
79

46

62

98
121

125
127

132
132

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date

7

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date

8

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

9
10
12
13

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

14
15

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

16
17
18
19
19

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and
race

20
23
24
26
27

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

28
29
30
31
32
32
33
34
35

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
42

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

42

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




43

44

Monthly Establishment Data
Page
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

45
46

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

49
51

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

53

52

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

54

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

62
63
64
65

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

66

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

78

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

79

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
118
119
120

121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

132

iii

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

138

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

138
139
139

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

146
146
147
147
148
148
148
149
149
149
149
150
150
150
150
151
151

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

158
158
158




Page

140
140
140
142
142
144

IV

161
161
161
161
161
161
162
163
163
164
164
164
164
165
165
165
168
168

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

171
171
171
171
171
171
172

Seasonal adjustment

173

172
172
172
172

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, January 2000

E

mployment rose in January, and the unemployment
rate was essentially unchanged at 4.0 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 387,000.
There were sharp increases in construction and in other
weather-sensitive industries, due, at least in part, to unseasonably mild weather during the survey reference period.
Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents in January and by
3.5 percent over the year.

Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons was unchanged in January at 5.7 million, and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 4.0 percent. The jobless rate has been below 4.2
percent since October. Unemployment rates for the major
worker groups—adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.7
percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent), blacks
(8.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)—showed little or
no change over the month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The number of persons in the civilian labor force grew by
925,000 to 140.9 million in January, after adjustment for
the effect of revisions to population controls. Total employment rose by roughly the same amount to 135.2 million.
The labor force participation rate increased 0.4 percentage
point to 67.5 percent—a record high. The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population age 16 and
older with jobs—rose from 64.4 percent in December to 64.8
percent in January, also a record. (See table A-3.)
About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in January. These multiple jobholders
represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, compared with
6.0 percent in January 1999. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the
labor force in January totaled 1.2 million (not seasonally
adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They are not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for employment in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 234,000 in
January, down from 339,000 a year earlier. These people, a
subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were




available for them. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 387,000 in January to 130.3 million, seasonally adjusted. In January, large
job gains in construction and services were accompanied by
a small increase in manufacturing employment. (See table
B-3.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
rose by 116,000 in January, after seasonal adjustment. This
increase reflects, in part, unseasonably mild weather across
the country during the survey reference period. The gains
within construction were widespread, but the largest were
in those industries most influenced by the weather—heavy
construction and the concrete, masonry, and roofing trades.
Manufacturing added 13,000 jobs in January, following 2
months with almost no change. Factory employment had
been on a clear downward trend from the spring of 1998
through mid-1999, but job losses moderated during the second half of 1999. In January, the largest employment increases within manufacturing occurred in electrical equipment and in motor vehicles (8,000 each). Several construction-related manufacturing industries, such as plywood, concrete, and fabricated structural metals, also had employment
increases. Partially offsetting the job gains were continued
declines in industrial machinery, aircraft, textiles, and apparel.
Within the mining industry, employment in oil and gas
extraction continued its recent slow improvement. Oil and
gas extraction has added 9,000 jobs since August; it had lost
68,000 jobs from March 1998 to June 1999.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry grew by 152,000 in January, above the average monthly gain for 1999 (121,000). In January, business
services added 63,000 jobs. Within business services, computer and data processing services employment increased
by 22,000, following 4 consecutive months of below-average gains. Agricultural services, including landscaping,
posted a large job gain, perhaps reflecting the relatively mild
weather during the survey reference period. Following a
decline in December, employment in amusement and recreation services grew by 29,000. Health services and social
services both experienced above-average gains in January,
adding 23,000 and 21,000 jobs, respectively. Employment
in hotels declined sharply over the month.

Retail trade added 43,000 jobs in January. Job gains
occurred in miscellaneous retail establishments (20,000),
apparel and accessory stores (16,000), and automotive
dealers and service stations (13,000), but there was a sizable employment decline in department stores (-33,000).
Employment in wholesale trade rose by 19,000 over the
month.
Transportation and public utilities added 16,000 jobs in
January, mainly in transportation. Job growth was above
average in air transportation and in local and interurban
transit.
The Federal Government added 20,000 jobs over the
month; temporary workers hired for the decennial census
accounted for 11,000 jobs.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate declined
in January. Among the component industries, only securities brokerages and real estate added jobs over the month.
Within finance, the largest decline was in mortgage brokerages (-7,000), where 23,000 jobs have been lost since May.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory




workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour
in January to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also was up by 0.1 hour to 41.7 hours.
Manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours.
(See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.6 percent to 150.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by 0.5 percent to
106.2. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents in January to $13.50, seasonally adjusted. Following gains of 13
cents in each of the first 2 quarters of 1999, average hourly
earnings growth was 11 cents in the third quarter, and 9
cents in the fourth quarter (as revised). Over the month,
average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to $467.10, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.5 percent. (See
table B-11.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

February

March 3

May

June 2

March

April 7

June

July 7

April

May 5

July

August 4

Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 2000

Marisa L. Di Natale

E

ffective with the release of January 2000 data, revisions were introduced into the population controls
used for the Current Population Survey (CPS). Such
revisions typically are introduced in January to incorporate
the latest information available on population growth trends.
The current revisions primarily reflect updated information
on immigration. This article briefly describes the revisions
and provides an indication of their effects on national labor
force estimates.

Nature of the revisions
Each month, CPS estimates of the population are forced to
add to independent population estimates or controls. (See
Estimating Methods in the Household Data portion of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error section in the
back of this publication for a discussion of this procedure.)
The current revisions to the population controls resulted from
the incorporation of updated information provided by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service, which showed a
drop in the number of legal resident immigrants from fiscal
year 1997 to fiscal year 1998, whereas the trend prior to
1997 had generally been upward.
Of lesser importance, but in the same direction with
respect to population, was an upward revision in the numMarisa L. Di Natale is an economist in the Division of Labor Force
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6378; E-mail:
DiNatale_M@ bls.gov. Staff of the Bureau of the Census provided information for this article.




ber of deaths, primarily affecting blacks and whites age 75
and over. The downward revision of the civilian noninstitutional population generally was distributed across categories of sex and race. The Hispanic-origin population was
revised downward, slightly more than the population as a
whole.
Effect of the revisions on national estimates
Table 1 provides population and labor force estimates by
age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin for December 1999 based
on the old and revised population controls.1 The introduction of these controls into the CPS estimation procedure
results in a decrease in the estimated population and labor
force levels and represents a break in series with data for
prior years. In many cases, however, the break is inconsequential. As the table indicates, the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over dropped by 217,000, with the
population of women falling by more than one and one half
times the population of men. The overall civilian labor force
and employment levels decreased by about 123,000 and
117,000, respectively. The population revisions had a negligible impact on unemployment rates and other percentage
estimates.
BLS has no plans to revise the national historical labor
force estimates at this time.
1
The old December 1999 data are weighted noncomposited estimates and
differ from the official weighted composite estimates previously published.

Table 1. Population and labor force estimates, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, using old and revised 1990 census-based
population controls, December 1999, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Characteristic

Old
controls1

Revised
controls

White
DifferOld
ence :ontrols1

Revised
controls

Black
Difference

Old
Revised
controls1 controls

Hispanic origin
DifferOld
ence controls1

Revised Differcontrols ence

Civilian noninstitutional
population
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

208,832
16,133
18,073
118,744
55,882

208,615 -217
16,111
-22
18,036
-37
118,653
-91
55,814
-68

100,264
108,569

100,180 -84
108,435 -134

140,289
8,218
13,943
100,070
18,059

140,166 -123
-10
8,208
-27
13,916
-70
100,000
-18
18,041

173,821 173,705
12,739 12,726
14,524 14,498
97,556 97,521
49,002 48,960

116
-13
-26
-35
-42

25,051
2,500
2,626
14,836
5,089

25,012
2,496
2,620
14,821
5,075

-39
-4
-6
-15
-14

22,008
2,332
2,691
13,570
3,415

21,982
2,321
2,682
13,567
3,412

-26
-11
-9
-3
-3

84,264
89,441

-50
-66

11,237
13,814

11,222
13,790

-15
-24

10,880
11,128

10,870
11,112

-10
-16

117,239 117,176
6,891
6,885
11,532 11,513
83,065 83,037
15,752 15,741

-63
-6
-19
-28
-11

16,480
987
1,811
12,096
1,585

16,459
986
1,807
12,084
1,582

-21
-1
-4
-12
-3

14,994
1,059
2,090
10,736
1,109

14,979
1,054
2,083
10,735
1,108

-15
-5
-7
-1
-1

63,450
53,726

-30
-33

7,722
8,757

7,714
8,744

-8
-13

8,761
6,233

8,755
6,224

-6
-9

113,461 113,402
6,167
6,163
10,880 10,862
81,002 80,976
15,412 15,401

-59
-4
-18
-26
-11

15,299
787
1,573
11,416
1,523

15,279
786
1,570
11,404
1,520

-20
-1
-3
-12
-3

14,133
886
1,922
10,265
1,060

14,120
881
1,915
10,264
1,059

-13
-5
-7
-1
-1

-8
-13

8,287
5,846

8,282
5,838

-5
-8

84,314
89,507

Civilian labor force
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men

74,777
65,513

74,724
65,442

-53
-71

135,049
7,250
13,023
97,145
17,630

134,932
7,243
12,998
97,079
17,613

117
-7
-25
-66
-17

71,870
63,179

71,820
63,112

-50
-67

5,240
967
920
2,925
428

63,480
53,759

Women
Employed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

61,342
52,120

61,313
52,089

-29
-31

7,118
8,182

7,110
8,169

5,234
966
918
2,922
428

3,778
724
652
2,062
340

3,775
722
651
2,061
340

-3
-2
-1
-1
0

1,180
200
237
681
62

1,179
200
237
680
62

861
173
168
471
49

859
172
168
470
49

-2
-1
0
-1
0

2,906
2,334

2,903
2,331

2,139
1,639

2,137
1,638

-2
-1

605
576

604
575

474
387

473
386

-1
-1

3.7
11.8
6.6
2.9
2.4

3.7
11.8
6.6
2.9
2.4

3.2
10.5
5.7
2.5
2.2

3.2
10.5
5.7
2.5
2.2

7.2
20.3
13.1
5.6
3.9

7.2
20.3
13.1
5.6
3.9

5.7
16.4
8.1
4.4
4.4

5.7
16.4
8.1
4.4
4.4

3.9
3.6

3.9
3.6

3.4
3.0

3.4
3.0

7.8
6.6

7.8
6.6

5.4
6.2

5.4
6.2

Unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women
Unemployment rate
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

1
These are weighted noncomposited estimates and differ from the official
weighted composited estimates previously published for December 1999.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin group will not sum to




totals because data for the other races group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Detail may not sum
to totals due to rounding.

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Labor force status

206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782
139,232 139,137 138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910
67.4
67.1
67.3
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.5
133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221
64.4
64.2
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.3
64.8
6,007
6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688
5,689
67,487 67,736 68,232 68,150 68,414 68.300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

Unemployment rates
4.3
3.5
3.8
15.1
3.8
7.8
6.7

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2
3.8
8.2
6.8

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2
3.6
8.0
6.0

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
3.8
7.8
6.8

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
3.7
7.6
6.7

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
6.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6
3.4
8.2
5.6

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

127,378
107,386
25,315

127,813
107,726
25,285
550
6,232
18,503
102,528
6,732

128,134
108,035
25,288
538
6,277
18,473

128,162
108,085

128,443
108,338
25,180

102,846
6,750
6,965
22,724

102,963
6,758
6,977

38,313
19,992

127,730
107,676
25,329
553
6,238
18,538
102,401
6,723
6,937
22,648
7,581
38,458
20,054

20,087

192
173
-39
-10
-3
-26
231
24
23
31
28
106
19

352
290
14
-7
68
-47
338
15
13
92
11
145
62

83
50
-44
-3
-6
-35
127
9
10
-37
14
98
33

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

128,945
108,735

129,048
108,830
25,186
527

129,332
109,095
25,198
528
6,314
18,356
104,134
6,841

129,589
109,320
25,257
527

129,905
109,584
25,275

6,369

6,391
18,355
104,630
6,896
7,086
22,981
7,687

130,292
109,936
25,406
531
6,507
18,368
104,886

July
Employment

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

560
6,170
18,585
102,063

6,708
6,924
22,556
7,570

6,947
22,611

7,595
38,556

25,199

18,396
103,263
6,781

128,816
108,663
25,247
528
6,270
18,449
103,569
6,799

6,993

7,012

22,796

22,903
7,647

526
6,258

531

6,239
18,429

7,611
38,697
20,099

22,748
7,621
38,782
20,077

38,952
20,105

321
309
3
-12
45
-30
318
18
18
113
16
141
12

28
50
-89
-7
-38
-44
117
8
12
24
10
85
-22

281
253
-19
-5
19
-33
300
23
16
48
15
170
28

7,636

25,148
524
6,246

20,153

529

7,041

7,064

22,862
7,653

22,891
7,668

39,257

39,433
20,237

39,554
20,269

39,659

20,218

129
72
-99
-4
-24
-71
228
14
19
-15
3
150
57

103
95
38
3
47
-12
65
18
10
-26
3
52
8

284
265
12
1
21
-10
272
10
23
29
15
176
19

257
225
59
-1
55
5
198
21
6
11
7
121
32

316
264
18
2
22
-6
298
34
16
79
12
105
52

387
352
131
2
116
13
256
16
19
43

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.4
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.6
4.7

34.6
41.7
4.6

148.8
106.2

149.2
106.0

149.3
105.7

150.2
106.2

$13.44
7.87
463.68

$13.50
N.A.
467.10

103,797

39,055

6,293

18,361
104,332
6,862
7,070
22,902
7,675

18,378
6,813
7,031
22,888
7,650
39,205
20,210

18,366
103,862
6,831

20,321

6,912
7,105
23,024
7,678
39,811
20,356

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

373
325
67
2
12
53
306
18
19
107
11
103
48

-9
152
35

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.6
41.6
4.5

34.6
41.6
4.5

34.5
41.5
4.5

34.4
41.6
4.3

34.4
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.7
4.7

34.5
41.9
4.7

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

146.8
107.1

147.3
106.8

146.8
106.5

147.0
106.5

147.8
106.3

147.2
106.5

148.3
107.3

148.4
106.4

148.2
106.4

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$13.04
7.83
451.18

$13.06
7.84
451.88

$13.11
7.86
452.30

$13.14
7.83
452.02

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
2




$13.18
7.85

453.39

$13.24
7.89
456.78

$13.28
7.88
458.16

N.A. = not available.
= preliminary,

p

$13.29
7.87
458.51

$13.35
7.86
459.24

$13.39
7.87
461.96

$13.40
7.87
462.30

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Thousands
132,500

Thousands
132,500

130,000 -

- 130,000

127,500

- 127,500

125,000

122,500

- 120,000

117,500

117,500

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Percent
6.0




4.0

3.5
1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999 and 2000, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability
with data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonaghcultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1966...
1967...
1968...
1969...

128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970...
1971 ...
1972 1 .
19731 .
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
19781 .
1979...

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980...
1981 ...
1982...
1983...
1984...
1985...
19861 .
1987...
1988...
1989...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450

114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385

1

1990 .
1991 ...
1992...
1993...
19941 .
1995...
1996...
1997 1 .
1998 1 .
19991 .

101,685
103,971
106,434

109,232
111,800

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November..
December..

206,719
206,873
207,036
207,236
207,427
207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832

139,232
139,137
138,804
139,086
139,013
139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140,108

67.4
67.3
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1

133,225
133,029
132,976
133,054
133,190
133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420

64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4

3,297
3,328
3,290
3,341
3,290
3,330
3,278
3,234
3,179
3,238
3,310
3,279

129,928
129,701
129,686
129,713
129,900
130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130,702
130,788
131,141

6,007
6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688

4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1

67,487
67,736
68,232
68,150
68,414
68,300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68.786
68,832
68,724

2000:
January3 ....

208,782

140,910

67.5

135,221

64.8

3,371

131,850

5,689

4.0

67,872

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1999 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1988
1989

87,857
88,762

66,927
67,840

76.2
76.4

63,273
64,315

72.0
72.5

2,493
2,513

60,780
61,802

3,655
3,525

5.5
5.2

20,930
20,923

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
73,959
74,512

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
2,553
2,432

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69,014

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3,266
3,066

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1

21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24.454
24,799
25,210

2,456
2,449
2,426
2,489
2,420
2,430
2,435
2,409
2,361
2,389
2,501
2,440

68,912
68,781
68,843
68,719
68,787
68,900
69,002
69,027
69,269
69,234
69,231
69,487

3,138
3,232
2,949
3,062
3,111
3,084
3,061
3,063
3,013
3,057
2,996
3,003

4.2
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0

24,692
24,817
25,144
25,195
25,245
25,254
25,263
25,364
25,333
25,408
25,451
25,334

2,495

69,862

2,946

3.9

24.963

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

99,198
99,279
99,362
99,465
99,563
99,668
99,761
99,863
99,976
100,088
100,179
100,264

74,506
74,462
74,218
74,270
74,318
74,414
74,498
74,499
74,643
74,680
74,728
74,930

2000:
January3

100,266

75,304

75.1
75.0
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7

71,368
71,230
71,269
71,208
71,207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927

71.9
71.7
71.7
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7

72,358

Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989
19901 :
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
,
19971
19981
19991

96,756
97,630

54,742
56,030

56.6
57.4

51,696
53,027

53.4
54.3

676
687

51,020
52,341

3,046
3,003

5.6
5.4

42,014
41,601

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0

53,689
53,496
54,052
54.910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2,814

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3

41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
42,748
43,175

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
January ....
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

107,521
107,593
107,674
107,771
107,864
107,964
108,067
108,175
108,289
108,395
108,487
108,569

64.726
64,675
64,586
64,816
64,695
64,918
64,838
64,873
64,832
65,017
65,106
65,178

60.2
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0

61,857
61,799
61,707
61,846
61,983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62,020
62,317
62,366
62.493

57.5
57.4
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6

841
879
864
852
870
900
843
825
818
849
809
839

61,016
60,920
60,843
60,994
61,113
61,168
61,119
61,269
61,202
61,468
61,557
61,654

2,869
2,876
2,879
2,970
2,712
2,850
2,876
2,779
2,812
2,700
2,740
2,685

4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1

42,795
42,918
43,088
42,955
43,169
43.046
43,229
43,302
43,457
43,378
43,381
43,391

2000:
January3 ..

108,516

65,606

60.5

62,863

57.9

875

61,988

2,743

4.2

42,910

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 2000" in the February 2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

2000

1999
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782
139,232 139,137 138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.3
67.0
67.4
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.5
133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.8
5,823
5,842
6,032
6,108
5,934
6,007
5,688
5,736
5,757
5,937
5,828
5,689
5,825
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.0
4.2
67,487 67,736 68,232 68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872
4,658
4,740
4,630
4,693
4,497
4,575
4,770
4,606
4,467
4,331
4,352
4,429
4,252

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,198
74,506
75.1
71,368
71.9
2,456
68,912
3,138
4.2
24,692

99,279
74,462
75.0
71,230
71.7
2,449
68,781
3,232
4.3
24,817

99,362
74,218
74.7
71,269
71.7
2,426
68,843
2,949
4.0
25,144

99,465
74,270
74.7
71,208
71.6
2,489
68,719
3,062
4.1
25,195

99,563
74,318
74.6
71,207
71.5
2,420
68,787
3,111
4.2
25,245

99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254

99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263

99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364

99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.6
75.1
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358
71.6
71.6
71.7
71.6
72.2
2,361
2,501
2,389
2,440
2,495
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487 69,862
3,057
3,013
2,996
2,946
3,003
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334 24,963

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,124
70,202
77.0
67,771
74.4
2,304
65,467
2,431
3.5
20,922

91,189
70,111
76.9
67,527
74.1
2,231
65,296
2,584
3.7
21,078

91,215
69,934
76.7
67,628
74.1
2,239
65,389
2,306
3.3
21,281

91,302
69,992
76.7
67,562
74.0
2,305
65,257
2,430
3.5
21,310

91,368
69,978
76.6
67,470
73.8
2,224
65,246
2,508
3.6
21,390

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371

91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557

91,986
70,388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2,262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598

92,052
70,529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523

92,057
70,917
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,303
66,282
2,332
3.3
21,139

107,521 107,593 107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516
64,726 64,675 64,586 64,816 64,695 64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606
60.0
60.0
60.1
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.2
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.5
61,857 61,799 61,707 61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863
57.5
57.5
57.4
57.3
57.4
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.9
57.6
864
870
852
879
843
900
841
825
849
818
809
875
839
61,016 60,920 60,843 60,994 61,113 61,168 61,119 61,269 61,202 61,468 61,557 61,654 61,988
2,712
2,850
2,970
2,879
2,812
2,779
2,876
2,876
2,869
2,700
2,740
2,685
2,743
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.2
42,795 42,918 43,088 42,955 43,169 43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391 42,910

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,686
60,691
60.9
58,373
58.6
802
57,571
2,318
3.8
38,995

99,746
60,591
60.7
58,261
58.4
822
57,439
2,330
3.8
39,155

99,833
60,554
60.7
58,216
58.3
821
57,395
2,338
3.9
39,279

99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579
60,765 60,708 60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576
60.7
60.8
60.7
60.7
60.9
60.7
60.6
60.7
60.7
61.2
58,336 58,483 58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280
58.5
58.4
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.9
820
803
798
780
851
800
778
768
791
826
57,533 57,663 57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454
2,225
2,429
2,375
2,256
2,341
2,155
2,230
2,214
2,196
2,297
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
39,158 39,300 39,143 39,351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39,512 39,003

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,909
8,339
52.4
7,081
44.5
191
6,890
1,258
15.1
7,570

15,939
8,435
52.9
7,241
45.4
275
6,966
1,194
14.2
7,504

15,988
8,316
52.0
7,132
44.6
230
6,902
1,184
14.2
7,672

16,011
8,329
52.0
7,156
44.7
233
6,923
1,173
14.1
7,682

16,051
8,327
51.9
7,237
45.1
246
6,991
1,090
13.1
7,724

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13
will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment




16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786

16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748

16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833

16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726

16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713

16,114
8,425
52.3
7,265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689

16,147
8,416
52.1
7,356
45.6
242
7,114
1,060
12.6
7,730

of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

172,394 172,491 172,597 172,730 172,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173.812
116,356 116,455 116,237 116,344 116,193 116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716
67.3
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.2
67.3
67.2
67.5
67.2
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.7
111,978 112,017 112,030 111,886 111,898 112,115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.7
65.0
64.8
64.8
64.8
65.0
65.4
4,207
4,458
4,403
4,438
4,192
4,299
4,295
4,378
4,092
4,106
4,311
4,057
4,011
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,651
77.4
57,811
75.0
1,840
3.1

59,731
77.4
57,769
74.9
1,962
3.3

59,675
77.3
57,935
75.0
1,740
2.9

59,651
77.2
57,834
74.9
1,817
3.0

59,502
77.0
57,635
74.5
1,867
3.1

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2

59,799
77.2
57,955
74.8
1,844
3.1

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2

59,841
77.1
58,102
74.9
1,739
2.9

59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9

59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8

59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8
1,668
2.8

60,179
77.3
58,487
75.2
1,693
2.8

49,683
60.1
48,037
58.1
1,646
3.3

49,655
60.0
48,030
58.1
1,625
3.3

49,567
59.9
47,941
57.9
1,626
3.3

49,674
60.0
47,885
57.8
1,789
3.6

49,625
59.9
48,004
57.9
1,621
3.3

49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1
1,683
3.4

49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9
1,652
3.3

49,713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1,573
3.2

49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2

49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530
3.1

49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0
1,541
3.1

50,011
60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0

50,404
60.5
48,857
58.7
1,547
3.1

7,022
55.6
6,130
48.6
892
12.7
13.8
11.5

7,069
55.9
6,218
49.2
851
12.0
12.6
11.4

6,995
55.3
6,154
48.7
841
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,019
55.4
6,167
48.7
852
12.1
12.6
11.6

7,066
55.7
6,259
49.3
807
11.4
12.2
10.6

6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

7,041
55.3
6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9

7,132
56.0
6,360
50.0
772
10.8
12.4
9.1

24,665
16,337
66.2
15,056
61.0
1,281
7.8

24,697
16,250
65.8
14,924
60.4
1,326
8.2

24,729
16,231
65.6
14,925
60.4
1,306
8.0

24,765
16,288
65.8
15,011
60.6
1,277
7.8

24,798
16,290
65.7
15,053
60.7
1,237
7.6

24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6

24,867
16,366
65.8
14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3

24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,019
16,508
66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0

25,051
16,513
65.9
15,204
60.7
1,309
7.9

25,047
16,622
66.4
15,254
60.9
1,368
8.2

7,208
73.3
6,769
68.8
439
6.1

7,137
72.4
6,662
67.6
475
6.7

7,073
71.7
6,647
67.4
426
6.0

7,118
72.0
6,670
67.5
448
6.3

7,182
72.6
6,710
67.8
472
6.6

7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4

7,122
71.7
6,610
66.6
512
7.2

7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7,281
72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0

7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0

7,386
73.7
6,839
68.2
547
7.4

8,110
65.6
7,563
61.2
547
6.7

8,112
65.6
7,542
61.0
570
7.0

8,151
65.8
7,573
61.1
578
7.1

8,223
66.3
7,657
61.7
566
6.9

8,178
65.8
7,647
61.6
531
6.5

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

8,311
66.7
7,670
61.6
641
7.7

8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9

8,316
66.5
7,759
62.1
557
6.7

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6

8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7

8,315
66.3
7,715
61.5
600
7.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1999
Apr.

May

June

2000

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1,019
41.3
724
29.3
295
28.9
33.3
24.5

1,001
40.5
720
29.1
281
28.1
31.2
25.0

1,007
40.7
705
28.5
302
30.0
32.4
27.6

947
38.3
684
27.6
263
27.8
32.0
23.8

930
37.5
696
28.1
234
25.2
27.9
22.5

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9

980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0

921
37.2
701
28.3
220
23.9
24.0
23.8

21,296
14,448
67.8
13,473
63.3
975
6.7

21,355
14,520
68.0
13,536
63.4
984
6.8

21,414
14,542
67.9
13,673
63.8
869
6.0

21,483
14,535
67.7
13,541
63.0
994
6.8

21,548
14,555
67.5
13,574
63.0
981
6.7

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1

22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9

22,047
15,251
69.2
14,395
65.3
856
5.6

Jan.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Educational attainment
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

28,901 28,112 28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995
12,339 12,218 12,039 11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895
42.4
42.5
42.7
43.1
43.1
42.0
43.5
42.3
43.2
42.5
43.0
42.5
42.5
11,447 11,317 11,280 11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106
40.2
39.6
39.6
40.2
40.4
40.1
39.5
39.2
40.3
39.7
39.9
39.6
39.7
822
804
859
816
806
892
713
785
800
824
901
759
789
6.8
6.8
6.8
7.2
7.0
6.8
7.4
6.6
6.0
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.3

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,477 57,062 57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768
37,441 37,274 37,687 37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617
65.2
64.6
64.8
64.5
64.7
65.3
65.2
64.9
64.7
64.7
64.5
65.1
65.1
36,112 35,962 36,368 36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305
62.3
62.2
63.1
62.4
62.0
62.5
62.4
63.0
62.9
62.6
62.6
62.8
62.8
1,297
1,314
1,343
1,312
1,319
1,226
1,309
1,420
1,335
1,329
1,311
1,291
1,206
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5

Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,154 43,911 43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689
32,273 32,227 31,866 32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397
74.7
73.7
73.3
74.8
73.8
74.7
74.4
74.1
73.4
73.5
74.8
74.2
73.5
31,347 31,238 30,966 31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564
71.6
71.5
72.0
71.1
71.7
71.3
72.8
72.8
72.6
72.3
72.6
72.2
71.6
978
818
868
871
976
815
895
940
900
989
873
926
833
3.1
2.7
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.6

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

43,516 43,949 43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058
35,023 35,132 35,130 35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827 36,037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205
79.9
79.2
80.4
79.5
79.4
79.9
79.5
80.1
80.1
80.4
80.3
79.9
80.5
34,389 34,466 34,479 34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540
78.5
78.1
77.9
78.9
78.0
78.7
78.1
78.8
78.5
78.6
78.8
78.4
79.0
610
638
609
615
572
660
698
722
651
665
657
666
634
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

2000

1999
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

110,093 109,782 109,915 109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562 112,089
64,017 63,795 63,944 63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835 63,772 63,985 64,005 64,259 64,358 64,727
62,676 62,396 62,538 62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621 62,607 62,825 62,914 63,407
45,942 45,946 45,952 45,991 46,233 46,538 46,067 46,386 46,452 46,847 46,968 47,161 47,152
45,067 45,059 45,046 45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45,822 45,907 46,094 46,189
2,363
2,327
2,315
2,470
2,379
2,343
2,331
2,295
2,448
2,495
2,350
2,554
2,493
23,228
7,511

23,108
7,537

5,192

13,202
4,826

23,291
7,496
5,234
15,800
13,246
4,811

13,218

5,282
15,523
13,137

4,818

4,893
2,659
2,378
2,159
1,915
600

4,626
2,340
2,103
2,199
1,946
577

4,807
2,533
2,218
2,299
2,033
556

1,266
508
189
739
441
636

1,202
495
209
729
430
563

1,209
502
187
704
408
614

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.0
20.7

4.3
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.1
20.5

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.2
6.5
3.6
4.5
3.2
11.7

4.9
6.3
3.9
4.4
3.2
10.2

23,163
7,280
5,089

23,242
7,420
5,132

15,851

13,271
4,803

15,792
13,179
4,931

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,718
2,562
2,246
2,097
1,858
614

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over..:
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,689

23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774

23,386
7,643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699

23,205
7,613
5,302
15,666
13,169
4,734

23,081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830

22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769

22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12,932
4,748

23,224
7,552
5,197
15,641
13,075
4,951

4,633
2,569
2,272
2,081
1,852
509

4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509

4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527

4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556

4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604

4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619

4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593

4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632

4,554
2,389
2,125
2,093
1,864
566

1,221
547
193
712
414
614

1,265
600
276
670
392
597

1,284
566
249
729
438
597

1,216
518
222
706
432
562

1,133
449
170
666
395
568

1,228
504
207
707
424
597

1,146
499
216
625
377
553

1,191
502
199
686
406
586

1,175
520
236
640
384
555

1,112
483
213
615
415
483

4.0
3.5
3.3
4.6
4.1
19.8

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
19.4

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
17.1

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2

4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2

4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8

4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2

3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8

3.9
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
18.5

5.0
6.3
3.5
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.0
6.8
3.6
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
2.9
11.0

5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3

4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5

4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8

5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2

4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9

4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5

4.6
6.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
8.9

23,204
7,411

5,176
15,798

15,749

UNEMPLOYED

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

MARITAL STATUS
133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221
43,440 43,077 43,164 43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951
33,526 33,130 33,176 33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166
8,103
8,142
8,089
8,081
8,081
8,028
8,272
8,335
8,312
8,398
8,526
8,375
8,362

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

39,893

39,650

40,005

40,458

40,503

40,802

40,823

40,800

40,784

40,718

40,363

40,800

40,924

38,762
18,029
14,663
18,444
3,440

39,152
18,090
14,662
18,097
3,469

38,821
18,034
14,591
18,135
3,438

38,816
17,904
14,508
17,775
3,508

38,939
18,049
14,452
17,920
3,440

38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

38,673
17,990
14,431
18,019
3,421

38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365

39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

39,283
17,633
14,903
18,476
3,407

39,311
17,706
14,940
18,299
3,367

39,614
18,155
14,610
18,385
3,574

1,962
1,324

1,900
1,376
43

1,905
1,358

1,930
1,399
33

1,930

1,923
1,341
39

1,939

1,908
1,266
46

1,930
1,198
40

1,936
1,267
42

2,049
1,216
41

2,018
1,211
36

2,024
1,320
38

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

31

,

39

1,330
36

1,292
45

120,777 120,967 120,939 120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823
101,948 102,184 102,161 102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810
926
935
895
861
914
983
944
939
873
1,035
944
948
952
101,053 101,323 101,235 101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858
18,778 18,778
18,771
19,007 19,032
18,829
18,783
19,114
19,080 18,817 18,902 18,959 19,013
8,730
8,801
8,726
8,840
8,820
8,686
8,662
8,840
8,733
8,802
8,833
9,000
8,791
127
65
61
88
77
108
98
92
110
108
93
101
100

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,489
2,051
1,122
18,589
3,341

1,948
1,099
18,033

3,425
1,985
1,131
18,677

3,509
2,018
1,181
18,622

3,403
1,937
1,117
18,752

3,282
1,900
1,101

3,325
1,927
1,128
18,031

3,225
1,845
1,087
18,159

18,094

3,399
1,950
1,116
18,692

3,229
1,845
1,089
18,138

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,316
1,974
1,050
18,983

3,209
1,902
1,031

3,142
1,850

18,106

18,466

1,034

3,279
1,904

1,057
19,230
3,127
1,813
1,041
18,652

3,274
1,930

3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

18,651

3,112
1,806

2,983
1,807
964
18,249

3,105
1,815
1,013
18,083

1,063
18,273

1,032

3,320
1,951
1,025
18,618

3,219
1,893
1,012
18,889

3,157

3,066
1,801
986
18,347

1,843
1,018
18,061

holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Age and sex
Jan.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

133,225 133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221

19,856
7,081
2,754
4,335
12,775
113,391

96,538
16,870

20,012 20,030 19,939 20,028 19,935 20,078 20,068 20,106 20,226 20,188 20,334 20,621
7,106
7,132
7,114
7,219
7,237
7,156
7,241
7,265
7,077
7,242
7,223
7,356
2,745
2,782
2,776
2,845
2,809
2,802
2,809
2,803
2,765
2,834
2,797
2,855
4,369
4,358
4,325
4,361
4,466
4,338
4,392
4,461
4,309
4,411
4,421
4,492
12,771 12,898 12,783 12,791 12,829 12,859 12,954 13,029 12,984 12,965 13,069 13,265
112,981 113,001 113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280 113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075 114,641
96,056 95,937 95,951 96,007 96,158 95,995 96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729 97,199
16,970 17,036 17,142 17,106 17,261 17,306 17,379 17,377 17,255 17,252 17,406 17,447
71,230

71,269

71,208

71,207

71,330

10,288
3,597
1,415
2,195

10,401
3,703
1,436
2,237

10,221
3,646
1,411
2,231

6,698
60,829
51,406

9,367

9,437

9,526

10,382
3,737
1,454
2,324
6,645
60,872
51,347
9,465

10,323
3,685

6,691
61,058
51,701

10,406
3,641
1,409
2,239
6,765
60,885
51,420
9,474

61,857

61,799

61,707

61,846

9,568
3,484
1,339
2,140
6,084
52,333
44,837
7,503

9,611
3,538

9,624

9,718
3,510
1,391
2,107
6,208
52,161
44,521
7,616

71,368

1,373
2,155
6,073
52,152
44,650
7,533

3,491
1,373
2,119
6,133
52,116

44,517
7,562

6,575
60,980
51,430

71,437

71,436

71,630

71,623

71,732

71,927

72,358

10,540

1,437
2,263
6,638

10,415
3,734
1,471
2,251
6,681

10,427
3,668
1,441

10,508
3,695
1,439
2,234
6,813

61,001

61,012
51,463

9,559

9,574

61,061
51,423
9,619

10,570
3,730
1,445
2,278
6,840
61,349

51,416

9,649

10,521
3,725
1,462
2,267
6,796
61,073
51,523
9,542

61,983

62,068

61,962

62,094

62,020

9,646
3,500
1,355
2,142
6,146
52,342
44,660

9,612
3,421
1,308
2,106

9,663
3,485
1,374
2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732

9,641
3,446
1,335
2,112

9,566
3,390

7,641

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




June

6,191
52,435
44,742
7,702

2,213
6,759

6,195
52,434
44,697
7,760

used in the household survey.

15

3,687
1,421
2,247
6,853
61,083
51,431

1,344
2,062
6,176
52,456

44,769
7,728

9,574

51,732
9,649

10,727
3,773
1,471
2,301
6,954
61,585
51,944
9,658

62,317

62,366

62,493

62,863

9,705
3,517

9,680
3,528
1,358

9,764
3,535

2,187
6,152

2,183
6,229

52,695
44,962
7,678

52,726
44,997
7,757

9,894
3,584
1,385
2,190
6,310
53,056
45,254
7,788

1,372

2,144
6,188

52,593
44,913

7,713

61,202
51,673

1,358

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

6,007

6,108

5,828

6,032

5,823

5,934

5,937

5,842

5,825

5,757

5,736

5,688

5,689

2,239
1,258
599
643
981
3,767
3,278
503

2,262
1,194
526
654
1,068
3,830
3,336
503

2,218
1,184
553
632
1,034
3,626
3,133
497

2,211
1,173
557
612
1,038
3,822
3,286
507

2,130
1,090
540
563
1,040
3,686
3,225
474

2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534

2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521

2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459

2,209
1,160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477

2,119
1,060
465
577
1,059
3,578
3,089
494

3,138

3,232

2,949

3,062

3,111

3,084

3,061

3,063

3,013

3,057

2,996

3,003

2,946

1,232
707
339
365
525
1,910
1,644
271

1,197
648
274
361
549
2,010
1,714
286

1,165
643
294
350
522
1,780
1,520
256

1,195
632
316
321
563
1,871
1,597
265

1,184
603
310
301
581
1,924
1,665
273

1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298

1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252

1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246

1.150
613
246
364
537
1,800
1,552
248

2,869

2,876

2,879

2,970

2,712

2,850

2,876

2,779

2,812

2,700

2,740

2,685

2,743

1,007
551
260
278
456
1,857
1,634
232

1,065
546
252
293
519
1,820
1,622
217

1,053
541
259
282
512
1,846
1,613
241

1,016
541
241
291
475
1,951
1,689
242

946
487
230
262
459
1,762
1,560
201

960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223

991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191

1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207

957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231

969
447
219
213
522
1,778
1,537
245

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999

2000

Age and sex
Jan.

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

10.1
15.1
17.9
12.9
7.1
3.2
3.3
2.9

10.2
14.2
15.8
13.0
7.7
3.3
3.4
2.9

10.0
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.8

10.0
14.1
16.6
12.4
7.5
3.3
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.1
16.1
11.2
7.5
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6

9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.6
14.0
11.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.8

4.2

4.3

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

10.7
16.4
19.3
14.3
7.3
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.3
14.9
16.0
13.9
7.6
3.2
3.2
2.9

10.1
15.0
17.3
13.5
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.5
14.8
18.3
12.6
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.9
17.6
11.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.8

10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5

9.7
14.0
14.3
13.7
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.5

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

9.5
13.7
16.3
11.5
7.0
3.4
3.5
3.0

10.0
13.4
15.5
12.0
7.9
3.4
3.5
2.8

9.9
13.4
15.9
11.7
7.7
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.5
13.4
14.8
12.1
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.1

8.9
12.2
14.5
10.9
6.9
3.3
3.4
2.6

9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6

8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

8.9
11.1
13.7
8.9
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.1

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




June

used in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999

2000

Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov,

Dec.

Jan.

4.3
3.5
3.8
15.1

4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.3
3.5
3.9

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0

4.1
3.3
3.6

13.2

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

13.8

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.8
6.9
7.8
6.7

3.8
7.3
8.2
6.8

3.6
7.2
8.0
6.0

3.8
7.0
7.8
6.8

3.7
6.8
7.6
6.7

3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6

3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3

3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5

3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6

3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3

3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1

3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9

3.4
7.1
8.2
5.6

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.3
2.8
6.3

2.4
2.8
6.5

2.1
2.7
6.6

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.6
6.0

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.3
2.8
6.4

2.3
2.7
6.3

2.2
2.6
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.0

2.1
2.5
6.0

2.2
2.5
6.2

2.0
2.6
6.2

1.9
3.7
3.6
6.0
7.5

1.9
3.9
4.3
6.1
7.6

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
6.9

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.5
7.1

2.0
3.4
4.0
6.4
7.6

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7

1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8

1.8
3.4
3.7
6.1
4.7

4.3
4.6
6.3
7.3
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.2
2.6
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.2
9.1

4.4
4.7
7.1
7.4
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.2
3.1
5.2
2.4
4.1
2.3
10.8

4.3
4.4
5.5
7.0
3.5
3.1
4.2
4.2
2.9
5.4
2.0
4.2
2.1
9.4

4.4
4.5
8.4
7.3
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.4
9.5

4.3
4.5
5.9
7.2
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.2
4.0
2.5
10.1

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3

4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1

4.2
4.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
2.5
4.2
2.1
5.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Reason
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

2,708
863
1,845
729
2,009
519

2,721
854
1,867
750
2,090
498

2,646
833
1,813
774
2,007
446

2,695
843
1,852
810
2,039
473

2,678
837
1,841
781
2,034
440

2,670
876
1,794
831
2,038
359

2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459

2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481

2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504

2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511

2,493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485

2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453

2,477
739
1,739
776
2,043
393

45.4
14.5
30.9
12.2
33.7
8.7

44.9
14.1
30.8
12.4
34.5
8.2

45.1
14.2
30.9
13.2
34.2
7.6

44.8
14.0
30.8
13.5
33.9
7.9

45.1
14.1
31.0
13.2
34.3
7.4

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5

42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9

43.5
13.0
30.6
13.6
35.9
6.9

1.9
.5
1.4
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Duration
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

2,397
2,012
1,491
776
715

2,585
1,925
1,539
754
785

2,521
1,884
1,467
752
715

2,741
1,868
1,474
794
680

2,502
1,832
1,519
784
735

2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828

2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,601
1,760
1,401
725
676

2,620
1,694
1,388
693
695

2,447
1,754
1,372
667
705

13.5
6.8

13.8
6.9

13.6
6.8

13.2
6.1

13.4
6.6

14.3
6.3

13.5
5.8

13.2
6.4

13.0
5.9

13.2
6.3

13.0
6.2

12.8
5.9

13.2
5.7

100.0
40.6
34 1
25.3
13.2
12.1

100.0
42.7
31.8
25.4
12.5
13.0

100.0
42.9
32.1
25.0
12.8
12.2

100.0
45.1
30.7
24.2
13.1
11.2

100.0
42.7
31.3
26.0
13.4
12.6

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
45.1
30 5
24.3
12.6
11.7

100.0
45.9
29 7
24 3
122
12.2

100.0
43.9
31 5
24 6
12 0
12.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemDloved
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

. .

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

Employed
Total

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.

208,782
16,147
8,097
8,050
18,126
118,675
37,686
18,168
19,518
44,558
22,288
22,270
36,430
19,721
16,710
23,293
12,958
10,336
32,541
9,193
8,555
14,793

139,621
7,772
2,993
4,779
13,968
100,071
31,905
15,327
16,578
37,969
18,878
19.091
30,198
16,708
13,490
13,796
8,952
4,843
4,015
2,172
1,111
732

66.9
48.1
37.0
59.4
77.1
84.3
84.7
84.4
84.9
85.2
84.7
85.7
82.9
84.7
80.7
59.2
69.1
46.9
12.3
23.6
13.0
4.9

133,357
6,720
2,540
4,180
12,832
96,538
30,600
14,646
15,954
36,668
18,167
18,502
29,270
16.173
13,096
13,393

100,266
8,210
4,171
4,038
8,997
58,108
18,422
8,879
9,543
21,937
10,971
10,966
17,750
9,624
8,126
11,144
6,255
4,888
13,808
4,239
3,762
5,806

74,414
4,019
1,530
2,489
7,311
53,275
17,169
8,199
8,970
20,392
10,239
10,153
15,714
8,628
7,086
7,489
4,808
2,681
2,319
1,221
631
468

108,516
7,937
3,925
4,012
9,129
60,566
19,264
9,289
9,975
22,621
11,317
11,304
18,681
10,097
8,584
12,150
6,702
5,448
18,734
4,954
4,793
8,987

65,208
3,753
1,463
2,290
6,657
46,796
14,736
7,128
7,608
17,576
8,639
8,937
14,484
8,080
6,404
6,307
4,145
2,162
1,696
951
480
264

4,701
3,874
2,098
1,066
710

63.9
41.6
31.4
51.9
70.8
81.3
81.2
80.6
81.7
82.3
81.5
83.1
80.3
82.0
78.4
57.5
67.1
45.5
11.9
22.8
12.5
4.8

2,959
153
77
76
239
1,922
610
288
322
791
421
370
522
298
224
389
199
190
256
114
74
69

130,398
6,566
2,463
4,103
12,594
94,615
29,990
14,357
15,632
35,878
17,746
18,132
28,748
15,875
12,873
13,005
8,494
4,511
3,617
1,984
992
641

6,264
1,052
453
599
1,135
3,533
1,305
681
624
1,300
711
589
928
535
393
402
260
143
141
74
45
22

4.5
13.5
15.1
12.5
8.1
3.5
4.1
4.4
3.8
3.4
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.5
3.4
4.1
2.9

69,161
8,375
5,104
3,271
4,158
18,603
5,781
2,841
2,940
6,590
3,410
3,180
6,233
3,013
3,220
9,498
4,005
5,493
28,526
7,021
7,444
14,062

74.2
49.0
36.7
61.6
81.3
91.7
93.2
92.3
94.0
93.0
93.3
92.6
88.5
89.7
87.2
67.2
76.9
54.9
16.8
28.8
16.8
8.1

70,981
3,374
1,275
2,099
6,695
51,397
16,475
7,828
8,648
19,728
9,886
9,842
15,193
8,347
6,846
7,271
4,672
2,599
2,244
1,187
604
453

70.8
41.1
30.6
52.0
74.4
88.5
89.4
88.2
90.6
89.9
90.1
89.7
85.6
86.7
84.3
65.2
74.7
53.2
16.3
28.0
16.0
7.8

2,178
124
61
63
182
1,387
449
222
227
608
329
279
330
188
141
284
148
136
201
90
60
51

68,803
3,250
1,214
2,037
6,513
50,010
16,027
7,606
8,421
19,120
9,557
9,563
14,864
8,159
6,705
6,987
4,524
2,463
2,043
1,096
544
403

3,433
645
256
390
616
1,878
693
371
322
664
353
311
520
281
239
218
135
82
76
34
27
14

4.6
16.1
16.7
15.7
8.4
3.5
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.8
4.3
3.1

25,852
4,190
2,641
1,549
1,686
4,834
1,253
680
573
1,545
732
813
2,036
996
1,040
3,655
1,448
2,207
11,488
3,019
3,131
5,338

60.1
47.3
37.3
57.1
72.9
77.3
76.5
76.7
76.3
77.7
76.3
79.1
77.5
80.0
74.6
51.9
61.8
39.7
9.1
19.2
10.0
2.9

62,376
3,346
1,266
2,080
6,137
45,141
14,124
6,818
7,306
16,940
8,281
8,660
14,076
7,826
6,250
6,122
4,020
2,102
1,630
911
462
257

57.5
42.2
32.2
51.9
67.2
74.5
73.3
73.4
73.2
74.9
73.2
76.6
75.4
77.5
72.8
50.4
60.0
38.6
8.7
18.4
9.6
2.9

781
30
16
14
56
535
161
67
95
182
92
91
192
110
82
104
50
54
56
23
14
19

61,594
3,316
1,249
2,067
6,081
44,605
13,963
6,751
7,212
16,758
8,189
8,569
13,884
7,716
6,168
6,018
3,970
2,048
1,574
888
448
238

2,832
407
197
209
519
1,656
612
310
302
636
358
278
408
254
154
185
124
60
66
40
18
7

4.3
10.8
13.5
9.1
7.8
3.5
4.2
4.4
4.0
3.6
4.1
3.1
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.9
3.0
2.8
3.9
4.2
3.8
2.7

43,308
4,185
2,463
1,722
2,472
13,770
4,528
2,161
2,367
5,045
2,678
2,367
4,197
2,017
2,180
5,843
2,558
3,286
17,038
4,002
4,312
8,724

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over....
See footnotes at end of table.




20

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

173,812
12,733
6,355
6,379
14,517
97,566
30,180
14,473
15,707
36,761
18,294
18,467
30,625
16,424
14,201
20,099
11,163
8,936
28,896
7,998
7,535
13,363

116,756
6,634
2,601
4,033
11,489
82,988
25,768
12,373
13,395
31,526
15,605
15,922
25,694
14,096
11,598
12,060
7,793
4,267
3,584
1,919
994
671

67.2
52.1
40.9
63.2
79.1
85.1
85.4
85.5
85.3
85.8
85.3
86.2
83.9
85.8
81.7
60.0
69.8
47.8
12.4
24.0
13.2
5.0

112,160
5,820
2,222
3,599
10,712
80,428
24,849
11,923
12,926
30,594
15,101
15,493
24,985
13,697
11,287
11,736
7,590
4,146
3,464
1,854
957
653

64.5
45.7
35.0
56.4
73.8
82.4
82.3
82.4
82.3
83.2
82.5
83.9
81.6
83.4
79.5
58.4
68.0
46.4
12.0
23.2
12.7
4.9

2,799
149
77
72
228
1,815
584
277
307
755
406
349
477
278
199
367
186
181
239
103
71
65

109,361
5,671
2.145
3,527
10,484
78,612
24.265
11,646
12,619
29,840
14,696
15,144
24,508
13,419
11,088
11.368
7.404
3.965
3,224
1.751
886
588

4.596
814
379
435
777
2,560
919
450
469
932
503
429
709
398
311
324
203
121
121
66
37
18

3.9
12.3
14.6
10.8
6.8
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.7

57.056
6.099
3.754
2.346
3.028
14,578
4,412
2,100
2,312
5,235
2,690
2,545
4,931
2.328
2,603
8,039
3,370
4,669
25,312
6.079
6.541
12,693

84,322
6,511
3,272
3,239
7,314
48,450
14,987
7,173
7,814
18,342
9,126
9,216
15,121
8,143
6,978
9,704
5,422
4,282
12,343
3,729
3,376
5.237

63,236
3,441
1,322
2,119
6,122
44,927
14,159
6,746
7,413
17,210
8,613
8,597
13,558
7,412
6,146
6,643
4,222
2,420
2,103
1,096
573
434

75.0
52.8
40.4
65.4
83.7
92.7
94.5
94.0
94.9
93.8
94.4
93.3
89.7
91.0
88.1
68.5
77.9
56.5
17.0
29.4
17.0
8.3

60,662
2,935
1,108
1,827
5,705
43,532
13,642
6,495
7,147
16,722
8,353
8,368
13,168
7,204
5,964
6.460
4,115
2.345
2,030
1,062
546
421

71.9
45.1
33.9
56.4
78.0
89.8
91.0
90.6
91.5
91.2
91.5
90.8
87.1
88.5
85.5
66.6
75.9
54.8
16.4
28.5
16.2
8.0

2,045
119
61
58
174
1,298
425
210
215
577
314
263
296
173
123
268
139
128
186
80
57
49

58,616
2,816
1.047
1,769
5,531
42,234
13,217
6.286
6.932
16.144
8,039
8.105
12,872
7,030
5,841
6,192
3,976
2,216
1.843
982
489
372

2,574
505
213
292
417
1.395
517
250
266
488
260
228
390
208
182
183
107
76
74
34
27
13

4.1
14.7
16.1
13.8
6.8
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.6
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.1
4.6
3.1

21,087
3,070
1,950
1,120
1.192
3.523
828
427
401
1.132
513
619
1,563
731
832
3,062
1,199
1,862
10,240
2.633
2,803
4.803

89,490
6,223
3,083
3,140
7,203
49,116
15,193
7,300
7,892
18,419
9,169
9,250
15,504
8,281
7,223
10,395
5,741
4,653
16,554
4,269
4,159
8,126

53,521
3,193
1,279
1,914
5,367
38,061
11,609
5,627
5,982
14,316
6,991
7,325
12,136
6,684
5,452
5,418
3,571
1,847
1,481
823
421
236

59.8
51.3
41.5
61.0
74.5
77.5
76.4
77.1
75.8
77.7
76.3
79.2
78.3
80.7
75.5
52.1
62.2
39.7
8.9
19.3
10.1
2.9

51,498
2,885
1,113
1,772
5,007
36,896
11,207
5,427
5,779
13,872
6,748
7,124
11,817
6,494
5,323
5,276
3,475
1,801
1.434
791
411
232

57.5
46.4
36.1
56.4
69.5
75.1
73.8
74.3
73.2
75.3
73.6
77.0
76.2
78.4
73.7
50.8
60.5
38.7
8.7
18.5
9.9
2.9

754
30
16
14
54
517
159
67
92
177
92
86
181
105
76
100
47
53
53
23
14
16

50,744
2.855
1.097
1,758
4,953
36,379
11,048
5,360
" 5,687
13,695
6,656
7,039
11,636
6,389
5,247
5,176
3,428
1,748
1,381
768
397
216

2.022
308
166
143
360
1,165
402
200
202
444
243
200
319
190
129
142
96
45
47
32
10
5

3.8
9.7
13.0
7.5
6.7
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.9
2.5
1.9

35.969
3,029
1.803
1,226
1,836
11,054
3,584
1,673
1,910
4,102
2,177
1,925
3,368
1,597
1,771
4,977
2,170
2,807
15,072
3,445
3,737
7,890

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

See footnotes at end of table.




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

culture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16to 19years
16to 17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

25,047
2,478
1,256
1,222
2,645
14,847
5,163
2,544
2,619
5,653
2,880
2,773
4,032
2,331
1,701
2.333
1,322
1,011
2,744
885
795
1.064

16,392
822
264
557
1,861
12,169
4,311
2,079
2,232
4,743
2,408
2,335
3,114
1,836
1,279
1,225
846
378
317
192
88
37

65.4
33.2
21.0
45.6
70.4
82.0
83.5
81.7
85.2
83.9
83.6
84.2
77.2
78.8
75.2
52.5
64.0
37.4
11.5
21.7
11.0
3.5

15,033
638
207
431
1,558
11,371
4,002
1,894
2,108
4,424
2,230
2,194
2.945
1,717
1.228
1.170
803
368
297
183
80
33

60.0
25.7
16.5
35.3
58.9
76.6
77.5
74.5
80.5
78.3
77.4
79.1
73.1
73.7
72.2
50.2
60.7
36.4
10.8
20.7
10.0
3.1

111
2

11,238
1,217
628
589
1,213
6,716
2,308
1,123
1,185
2,588
1,312
1,277
1,820
1,053
767
1,007
564
442
1,085
374
301
411

7,695
410
132
278
875
5,718
2,000
945
1,055
2,271
1,146
1,125
1,447
842
605
547
386
162
145
92
39
13

68.5
33.6
21.0
47.2
72.2
85.1
86.6
84.1
89.0
87.7
87.3
88.2
79.5
79.9
78.9
54.4
68.3
36.5
13.3
24.6
13.0
3.2

6,993
305
102
203
710
5,314
1,855
849
1,006
2,115
1,067
1,048
1,344
774
570
521
364
158
143
91
39
12

62.2
25.1
16.3
34.4
58.6
79.1
80.4
75.6
84.9
81.7
81.4
82.1
73.9
73.5
74.3
51.8
64.4
35.7
13.2
24.5
13.0
3.0

89
2

13,808
1,260
628
633
1,432
8,131
2,855
1,421
1,434
3,065
1,568
1,496
2,211
1,277
934
1,326
758
568
1,659
512
494
653

8,698
412
133
280
985
6,451
2,312
1,134
1,177
2,472
1,263
1,209
1,667
994
674
677
461
217
172
100
48
24

63.0
32.7
21.1
44.2
68.8
79.3
81.0
79.8
82.1
80.7
80.5
80.8
75.4
77.8
72.1
51.1
60.8
38.1
10.4
19.5
9.8
3.6

8,040
332
104
228
848
6,058
2,148
1,046
1,102
2,309
1,163
1,146
1,601
943
658
649
439
210
153
92
41
21

58.2
26.4
16.6
36.0
59.2
74.5
75.2
73.6
76.9
75.3
74.1
76.6
72.4
73.8
70.5
48.9
57.9
36.9
9.3
17.9
8.2
3.2

22

2
10
77
19
7
12
24
9
15
34
19
15
12
5
7
10
8
2

14,922
635
207
429
1,548
11,295
3,984
1,887
2,097
4,400
2,221
2,179
2,911
1,698
1,213
1,158
798
360
286
175
78
33

1,359
184
57
127
303
798
309
185
124
319
178
141
169
119
51
54
44
11
20

6,905
303
102
201
702
5,254
1,838
842
996
2,096
1,059
1,038
1,320
760
560
513
362
151
133
83
37
12

701
104
29
75
165
404
145
96
49
156
78
78
103
67
35
26
22
4

8,017
332
104
228
845
6,041
2,146
1,046
1,100
2,304
1,163
1,141
1,591
938
654
645
436
210
153
92
41
21

658
80
28
52
138
394
164
89
75
163
100
63
67
51
15
28
22
7
19
8

8.3
22.4
21.8
22.7
16.3
6.6
7.2
8.9
5.6
6.7
7.4
6.0
5.4
6.5
4.0
4.4
5.2
2.8
6.4
4.5
8.9

8,654
1,656
992
664
784
2,678
852
465
387
910
471
438
917
495
422
1,108
476
633
2.428
693
707
1,027

9.1
25.5
22.3
27.0
18.9
7.1
7.3
10.1
4.7
6.9
6.8
6.9
7.1
8.0
5.8
4.7
5.7
2.4
1.0

3,544
808
497
311
337
999
308
178
130
317
166
151
373
211
162
459
179
281
941
282
262
398

1

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

2
8
60
17
7
9
19
9
10
25
14
19
9
2
7
10

(M

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

22

2
17
2
2
5
5
10
5
5
3
3

7.6
19.3
21.2
18.4
14.0
6.1
7.1
7.8
6.4
6.6
7.9
5.2
4.0
5.1
2.3
4.2
4.7
3.2
10.8
8.2

5,111
848
495
353
447
1,680
543
286
257
592
305
287
544
284
260
649
297
352
1,487
412
445
630

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Jan.
1999

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

206,719
137,943
66.7
131,339
2,911
128,428
6,604
4.8
68,776

208,782
139,621
66.9
133,357
2,959
130,398
6,264
4.5
69,161

91,124
69,687
76.5
66,780
2,060
64,720
2,908
4.2
21,437

92,057
70,394
76.5
67,607
2,054
65,553
2,787
4.0
21,662

99,686
60,547
60.7
58,100
729
57,370
2,447
4.0
39,139

100,579
61,455
61.1
59,030
752
58,278
2,425
3.9
39,124

15,909
7,709
48.5
6,460
122
6,338
1,249
16.2
8,200

16,147
7,772
48.1
6,720
153
6,566
1,052
13.5
8,375

172,394
115,425
67.0
110,414
2,724
107,690
5,011
4.3
56,969

173,812
116,756
67.2
112,160
2,799
109,361
4,596
3.9
57,056

77,107
59,306
76.9
57,051
1,924
55,127
2,254
3.8
17,801

77,812
59,795
76.8
57,726
1,926
55,800
2,069
3.5
18,017

82,665
49,594
60.0
47,773
680
47,093
1,821
3.7
33,071

83,267
50,327
60.4
48,613
724
47,889
1,714
3.4
32,940

12,622
6,526
51.7
5,590
120
5,470
935
14.3
6,096

12,733
6,634
52.1
5,820
149
5,671
814
12.3
6,099

24,665
16,101
65.3
14,835
118
14,717
1,267
7.9
8,563

25,047
16,392
65.4
15,033
111
14,922
1,359
8.3
8,654

9,839
7,098
72.1
6,619
90
6,529
479
6.8
2,741

10,021
7,285
72.7
6,688
86
6,602
597
8.2
2,736

12,356
8,087
65.4
7,556
28
7,529
530
6.6
4,269

12,548
8,286
66.0
7,707
22
7,685
578
7.0
4,262

2,470
917
37.1
660

2,478
822
33.2
638
2
635
184
22.4
1,656

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

23

660
257
28.1
1,553

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian nonmstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
18,892
12,894
5,999

9,050
5,438
3,612

47.9
42.2
60.2

8,246
4,822
3,424

1,687
458
1,229

6,559
4,364
2,195

804
616
188

164
93
70

640
523
118

8.9
11.3
5.2

9,720
9,172
7,867
1,305

3,670
5,380
4,250
1,130

37.8
58.7
54.0
86.6

3,179
5,066
3,992
1,074

158
1,529
830
699

3,021
3,538
3,162
375

491
313
258
56

55
108
67
42

435
205
191
14

13.4
5.8
6.1
4.9

9,411
6,508
2,903

4,374
2,667
1,707

46.5
41.0
58.8

3,901
2,299
1,602

846
232
614

3,055
2,067

473
368
105

88
43
44

385
324
61

10.8
13.8
6.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,154
4,257
3,675
582

1,939
2,435
1,912
523

37.6
57.2
52.0
90.0

1,637
2,265
1,763
501

104
742
402
340

1,532
1,523
1,361
162

302
171
149
22

37
50
35
15

265
120
114
7

15.6
7.0
7.8
4.2

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,482
6,386
3,096

4,676
2,771
1,905

49.3
43.4
61.5

4,344
2,522
1,822

841
226
615

3,503
2,297
1,207

331
249
83

76
50
26

255
199
57

7.1
9.0
4.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,566
4,915
4,192
723

1,731
2,944
2,338
607

37.9
59.9
55.8
83.9

1,543
2,802
2,229
573

54
787
428
359

1,489
2,015
1,801
214

189
143
109
34

18
58
32
26

171
85
77
7

10.9
4.8
4.7
5.6

14,788
10,099
4,689

7,664
4,692
2,972

51.8
46.5
63.4

7,053
4,207
2,846

1,363
397
966

5,690
3,810
1,880

611
485
126

92
49
43

519
437
82

8.0
10.3
4.2

Men
Women

7,424
7,365

3,724
3,940

50.2
53.5

3,369
3,684

702
662

2,667
3,022

355
256

49
43

306
213

9.5
6.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,497
7,291
6,254
1,037

3,153
4,511
3,598
914

42.1
61.9
57.5
88.1

2,764
4,289
3,409
880

139
1,224
672
553

2,625
3,064
2,737
327

388
223
189
34

32
60
38
22

357
163
151
12

12.3
4.9
5.3
3.7

2,815
1,990
825

937
522
415

33.3
26.2
50.2

788
419
369

243
50
193

545
369
176

148
103
45

67
45
22

81
58
23

15.8
19.7
11.0

Men
Women

1,338
1,477

435
501

32.5
33.9

348
441

113
131

235
310

88
60

35
32

53
28

20.1
12.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,632
1,182
973
210

369
567
401
166

22.6
48.0
41.2
79.4

289
499
355
145

17
226
110
116

272
273
245
29

80
68
46
22

23
44
24
20

57
24
22
2

21.7
12.0
11.5
13.1

2,142
1,620
521

897
544
353

41.9
33.6
67.7

782
453
329

238
67
171

544
385
159

115
91
24

42
26
16

72
65
7

12.8
16.8
6.7

Men
Women

1,112
1,030

458
439

41.2
42.6

374
408

140
98

234
310

83
32

29
13

54
19

18.2
7.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,318
824
632
191

368
529
365
164

27.9
64.2
57.7
85.7

302
480
324
156

40
197
93
104

261
283
231
52

66
49
41

17
25
17
8

49
24
24

18.0
9.2
11.3
4.6

Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

,

Men, 16to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




24

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,380
3,253
12,127

12,690
2,334
10,356

82.5
71.7
85.4

11,307
1,898
9,408

9,549
1,424
8,125

1,757
474
1,283

1,383
436
947

1,277
399
878

106
37
69

10.9
18.7
9.1

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,809
6,593
3,476
1,502

2,577
5,564
3,115
1,434

67.7
84.4
89.6
95.4

2,049
4,975
2,913
1,369

1,638
4,217
2,433
1,261

411
758
480
108

529
588
202

65

491
548
175
63

38
40
26
2

20.5
10.6
6.5
4.5

Men, 16to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

7,796
1,702
6,094

6,956
1,352
5,604

89.2
79.5
91.9

6,168
1,075
5,093

5,525
879
4,646

642
195
447

789
278
511

744
262
483

44
16
28

11.3
20.5

2,112
3,494
1,547
643

1,702
3,160

1,460
633

80.6
90.4
94.4
98.5

1,393
2,810
1,356

169
264
173
36

310
350
105
24

294
336
90
24

15
14
15

609

1,224
2,546
1.182
573

18.2
11.1
7.2
3.8

7,584
1.552
6,033

5,733
981
4,752

75.6
63.3
78.8

5,139
824
4,315

4,024
545
3,479

1,115
279
836

594
158
437

533
137
396

62
21
41

10.4
16.1
9.2

1,697

875
2,403
1,655
801

51.6
77.6
85.7
93.2

656
2,165
1,558
760

414
1,671
1,251
688

242
494
307
72

219
238

1,930
859

97

197
212
85

41

39

22
26
11
2

25.0
9.9
5.8
5.1

12,462
2,634
9,828

10,459
1,942
8,517

83.9
73.7
86.7

9,480
1,614
7,866

8,047
1,242
6,805

1,433
372
1,061

980
328
651

895
302
593

85
26
58

9.4
16.9
7.6

6,401
6,061

5,839
4,620

91.2
76.2

5,272
4,208

4,758
3,289

514
919

567
412

534
360

33
52

9.7
8.9

3,018
5,312
2,878
1,255

2,112
4,558
2,582
1,208

70.0
85.8
89.7
96.3

1,744
4,149
2,437
1,149

1,422
3,540
2,021
1,064

323
609

368
408
144

59

343
374
120
57

25
34
24
2

17.4
9.0
5.6
4.9

2,307
488
1,820

1,746
300
1,446

75.6
61.4
79.5

1,407
218
1,188

1,162
138
1,024

245
81
165

339
81
258

325
75
251

13
7
7

19.4
27.1
17.8

Men
Women

1,092
1,216

850
896

77.8
73.7

668
739

586
576

81
164

182
157

174
152

8
5

21.4
17.5

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

658
1,045
477
127

376
816
430
124

57.1
78.1
90.1
97.7

235
666
387
119

172
542
342
106

64
124
45
13

140
150
43
6

132
147

9
3
2

37.4
18.4
10.0
4.5

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,099

9.1

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women

,

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

417
85

Black
Total, 16to 24years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

41
6

Hispanic origin
2,872
704

2,186

2,168

1,740

76.1
63.3
80.2

1,958
374
1,584

1,684
293
1,390

274
81
193

228
72
156

214
66
148

14
7
7

10.4
16.2
9.0

Men
Women

1,513
1,359

1,365
820

90.2
60.4

1,240
718

1,132
552

108
166

125
102

124
90

2
12

9.2
12.5

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,368

922
859
351
53

67.4
83.0
84.4

798
785
321
53

705
668

93

124
74
30

122
64
27

2
9
2

13.5
86
8.5

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,035
416
53

446

1

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




260
50

117
61
3

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic

origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Educational attainment

White

Hispanic origin

Black

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

174,510
117,882
67.6
113,804
65.2
4,077
3.5

82,293
62,660
76.1
60,357
73.3
2,303
3.7

83,060
63,083
75.9
60,912
73.3
2,171
3.4

90,755
54,179
59.7
52,184
57.5
1,995
3.7

91,450
54,798
59.9
52,892
57.8
1,906
3.5

145,520
97,800
67.2
94,500
64.9
3,300
3.4

146,561
98,633
67.3
95,627
65.2
3,006
3.0

19,608
13,512
68.9
12,734
64.9
778
5.8

19,925
13,710
68.8
12,838
64.4
872
6.4

16,308
11,377
69.8
10,688
65.5
689
6.1

17,033
12,059
70.8
11,468
67.3
591
4.9

28,901
12,463
43.1
11,391
39.4
1,073
8.6

27,995
12,013
42.9
11,061
39.5
951
7.9

13,384
7,344
54.9
6,768
50.6
576
7.8

13,216
7,121
53.9
6,640
50.2
481
6.8

15,517
5,119
33.0
4,623
29.8
496
9.7

14,779
4,892
33.1
4,422
29.9
470
9.6

23,230
10,055
43.3
9,283
40.0
772
7.7

22,530
9,755
43.3
9,082
40.3
673
6.9

4,445
1,823
41.0
1,555
35.0
268
14.7

4,219
1,714
40.6
1,479
35.0
236
13.7

7,116
4,147
58.3
3,775
53.0
372
9.0

7,455
4,541
60.9
4,179
56.1
362
8.0

57,477
37,472
65.2
35,928
62.5
1,545
4.1

57,768
37,676
65.2
36,160
62.6
1,516
4.0

26,146
19,723
75.4
18,862
72.1
861
4.4

26,301
19,937
75.8
19,099
72.6
839
4.2

31,331
17,749
56.7
17,066
54.5
684
3.9

31,466
17,739
56.4
17,061
54.2
677
3.8

48,656
31,307
64.3
30,111
61.9
1,196
3.8

48,800
31,461
64.5
30,346
62.2
1,115
3.5

6,874
4,893
71.2
4,635
67.4
258
5.3

6,928
4,846
69.9
4,499
64.9
346
7.1

4,456
3,358
75.4
3,174
71.2
184
5.5

4,727
3,545
75.0
3,412
72.2
133
3.8

43,154
31,990
74.1
30,966
71.8
1,023
3.2

43,689
32,106
73.5
31,185
71.4
921
2.9

20,108
16,317
81.1
15,796
78.6
521
3.2

20,118
16,092
80.0
15,607
77.6
486
3.0

23,046
15,673
68.0
15,170
65.8
503
3.2

23,571
16,014
67.9
15,578
66.1
435
2.7

36,279
26,549
73.2
25,757
71.0
792
3.0

36,478
26,526
72.7
25,884
71.0
641
2.4

5,194
4,170
80.3
3,993
76.9
177
4.2

5,536
4,364
78.8
4,144
74.9
220
5.0

2,941
2,381
81.0
2,292
77.9
89
3.7

3,036
2,451
80.7
2,389
78.7
62
2.5

30,075
21,631
71.9
20,879
69.4
752
3.5

30,418
21,797
71.7
21,138
69.5
659
3.0

14,299
11,310
79.1
10,933
76.5
377
3.3

14,533
11,371
78.2
11,030
75.9
340
3.0

15,776
10,321
65.4
9,946
63.0
375
3.6

15,885
10,426
65.6
10,108
63.6
319
3.1

25,102
17,749
70.7
17,162
68.4
587
3.3

25,219
17,803
70.6
17,341
68.8
462
2.6

3,807
3,014
79.2
2,879
75.6
135
4.5

4,047
3,170
78.3
3,018
74.6
152
4.8

2,253
1,801
79.9
1,735
77.0
66
3.7

2,261
1,803
79.8
1,759
77.8
44
2.5

13,079
10,359
79.2
10,087
77.1
272
2.6

13,271
10,309
111
10,047
75.7
262
2.5

5,810
5,007
86.2
4,863
83.7
144
2.9

5,585
4,722
84.5
4,576
81.9
145
3.1

7,270
5,352
73.6
5,224
71.9
128
2.4

7,686
5,587
72.7
5,471
71.2
116
2.1

11,177
8,800
78.7
8,594
76.9
206
2.3

11,259
8,723
77.5
8,543
75.9
180
2.1

1,387
1,155
83.3
1,114
80.3
42
3.6

1,489
1,194
80.2
1,126
75.6
68
5.7

688
580
84.2
557
80.9
23
4.0

775
648
83.6
631
81.3
17
2.7

43,516
34,914
80.2
34,257
78.7
657
1.9

45,058
36,087
80.1
35,398
78.6
689
1.9

22,655
19,276
85.1
18,931
83.6
345
1.8

23,424
19,932
85.1
19,567
83.5
366
1.8

20,861
15,638
75.0
15,326
73.5
312
2.0

21,634
16,155
74.7
15,831
73.2
324
2.0

37,355
29,889
80.0
29,349
78.6
540
1.8

38,753
30,891
79.7
30,315
78.2
576
1.9

3,095
2,625
84.8
2,551
82.4
75
2.8

3,242
2,786
86.0
2,716
83.8
70
2.5

1,795
1,491
83.0
1,447
80.6
44
2.9

1,816
1,521
83.8
1,487
81.9
34
2.2

Jan.
1999

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 173,048
Civilian labor force
116,840
Percent of population
67.5
Employed
.112,542
65.0
Employment-population ratio
4,298
Unemployed
3.7
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
•
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)

January 2000
Employed1

Unemployed

Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work 2

Age, sex, and race

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

35
hours
or
more

109,858
1,882
176
1,706
107,976
9,354
98,622
85,711
12,911

97,747
1,561
140
1,421
96,186
8,252
87,935
76,601
11,334

9,139
278
35
243
8,861
881
7,979
6,874
1,105

63,314
1,112
62,202
5,260
56,943
49,188
7,754

57,204
921
56,283
4,733
51,550
44,657
6,893

4,510
178
4,332
448
3,884
3,313
570

46,544
771
45,774
4,094
41,679
36,523
5,156

40,543
640
39,903
3,519
36,384
31,944
4,441

4,629
101
4,529
433
4,095
3,561
535

1,372

54,112
979
53,133
4,480
48,653
41,788
6,865

48,928
816
48,111
4,023
44,088
37,964
6,125

3,862
153
3,709
393
3,316
2,820
496

1,323

37,590
660
36,931
3,291
33,640
29,301
4,338

32,790
542
32,247
2,847
29,400
25,623
3,777

3,745
90
3,655
340
3,315
2,882
433

6,243
100
6,143
599
5,544
4,975
568

5,552
72
5,479
543
4,936
4,455
481

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

6,693

20 years and over
20 to 24 years

6,604

5,740
75
5,665
516
5,149
4,668
481

Total

Part time
Part time for
for
economic
noneconomic
TDOCArtC
icaoUtlo
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

23,499
4,837
2,364
2,473
18,661
3,479
15,182
10,826
4,356

2,138

7,667
2,262
5,405
1,435
3,969
2,209
1,761

1,519
192
62
130
1,327
208
1,119
697
422

4,980
493
84
409
4,487
948
3,539
3,155
384

1,284

149

19,842
4,463
2,276
2,188
15,378
2,863
12,515
8,730
3,785

940
87
853
191
662
603
59

6,240
2,094
4,145
1,150
2,996
1,473
1,523

487
81
407
95
312
133
179

2,849
305
2,544
527
2,017
1,794
223

584
340
244
89
155
84
71

1,198

217
886
797
89

13,602
2,369
11,233
1,713
9,520
7,257
2,263

1,032
112
920
113
807
563
243

2,131
187
1,944
422
1,522
1,361
161

701
219
481
98
384
295
89

6,549
1,956
4,593
1,225
3,368
1,744
1,625

692
70
623
146
477
425
51

5,451
1,826
3,625
1,000
2,625
1,220
1,405

406
60
346
79
267
99
168

2,094
227
1,867
356
1,511
1,324
187

480
278
202
62
140
71
69

104
925
797
128

13,908
2,225
11,683
1,716
9,966
7,595
2,372

930
75
855
162
693
619
74

12,090
2,049
10,041
1,469
8,572
6,495
2,077

888
102
786
85
701
480
221

1,441
123
1,318
281
1,037
919
119

581
185
396
79
317
247
70

478
24
454
45
409
359
50

212
3
209
11
198
161
38

751
205
546
111
435
338
96

196
14
182
33
149
144
5

510
177
334
72
261
174
87

44
14
30
6
24
20
4

631
65
566
144
422
396
26

70
39
30
21
9
8
1

717
11
706
67
639
556
83

235
2
233
35
199
150
48

1,347
244
1,103
230
874
684
190

221
16
205
50
155
144
10

1,027
225
802
161
641
482
159

99
3
96
18
78
57
20

565
55
510
129
381
352
28

93
25
68
8
60
41
19

2,972

43
1
42
2,929

221
2,708
2,236

471
1,600

13
1,587

79
1,508
1,218

291
30
1,342

142
1,199
1,019

181

15,832
2,575
13,256
2,043
11,213
8,618
2,595

182
26
155
1,956

408
1,548
1,400

95
1,103

559
369
190
725
187
538
379
159

White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

10
1,313

64
1,249
1,005

244
1,056

27
1,029

Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

88
618
5,986
5,374

612

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

Jan.
1999
Total

Women

Men

16 years
and over

16 years
and over

Jan.
2000

131,339 133,357

20 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

69,992

70,981

66,780

67,607

61,347

62,376

58,100

59,030

20,664
10,783
378
8,318
2,086
9,881
1,928
1,417
358
792
422
616
1,386
690
2,273

19,916
10,417
429
7,952
2,036
9,500
1,917
1,157
436
824
434
553
1,353
620
2,206

20,526
10,734
378
8,277

19,713
8,764
356
5,531
2,878
10,949
248
566
163
231
2,548
439
3,880
238
2,636

20,116
9,077
427
5,774
2,877
11,039
240
543
179
256
2,353
475
3,994
285
2,714

19,542
8,730
356
5,504
2,870
10,813
248
566
163
228
2,542
434
3,814
238
2,580

19,921
9,029
427
5,744
2,859
10,892
240
542
179
256
2,349
470
3,922
285
2,647

14,057
2,173
338
977
858
7,916
2,806
1,540
1,105
2,434
30
3,968
264
211
71
157
592
2,673

13,089
1,915
317
822
111
7,433
2,823
1,587
1,101
1,893
30
3,740
309
167
92
200
596
2,377

13,194

24,492
2,210
1,366
283
561
7,804
1,881
1,166
379
4,320
59
14,479
340
183
3,401
2,073
393
8,088

25,200
2,253
1,414
261
578
8,227
2,133
1,226
409
4,381
77
14,721
338
195
3,321
1,999
460
8,408

22,722
2,180
1,344
281
556
6,661
1,852
1,139
377
3,235
59
13,880
339
183
3,314
2,038
380
7,625

23,396
2,223
1,405
250
568
7,046
2,095
1,192
402
3,281
77
14,127
338
191
3,249
1,973
449
7,927

6,083
27
1,976
4,080
1,964
243
1,428
445

6,081
21
1,816
4,244
1,945
267
1,615

416

10,742
718
445
9,579
3,474
2,352
1,344
2,409

10,717
763
464
9,490
3,479
2,225
1,305
2,480

9,669
659
433
8,576
2,797
2,255
1,283
2,242

9,621
696
453
8,472
2,759
2,132
1,259
2,322

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

39,754
19,220
784

40,780
19,860
805

20,041

13,519
4,916
20,535
2,172
1,728

14,092
4,963
20,920

7,988

2,168

1,924
1,162
436
824
434
563

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
• Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,419
4,173
1,689
1,127
1,357
15,782
4,725
2,778
1,487
6,701
91
18,464

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Foodservice
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

17,690
746
2,463
14,481
6,064
2,614
2,894
2,910

17,829
795
2,314
14,720
6,162
2,510
3,050
2,997

6,949
28
2,018
4,902
2,590
261
1,549

501

7,112
32
1,850
5,230
2,683
285
1,745
517

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,471
4,991
5,587
3,893

14,435
4,715
5,766
3,955

13,183
4,768
5,449
2,965

13,098
4,500
5,628
2,970

12,921
4,664
5,331
2,927

12,833
4,413
5,497
2,923

1,288
223
137
928

1,337
215
138
985

1,259
219
130
910

1,301
215
133
953

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,109
7,773
5,241
4,083
1,158
5,096
796
4,300

18,057
7,359
5,423
4,175
1,248
5,275
921
4,353

13,586
4,909
4,692
3,605
1,086
3,985
754
3,231

13,676
4,647
4,847
3,684
1,163
4,183
881
3,302

12,588
4,725
4,565
3,496
1,069
3,298
690
2,608

12,758
4,475
4,766
3,630
1,136
3,517
803
2,714

4,523
2,863
550
All
72
1,110
41
1,069

4,381
2,713
576
491
85
1,092
40
1,051

4,340
2,795
547
475
72
998
40
959

4,192
2,684
551
469
83
956
40
916

2,895
1,027
1,869

2,999
1,027
1,972

2,307
786
1,521

2,374
769
1,605

2,183
781

2,215
765
1,451

588
241
347

625
258
368

568
241
327

600
256
344

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

599
1,055
2,982
1,003
5,253
858
4,884

649
359
3,496
2,282
996
10,682

1,960
538
1,048
2,775
1,091
5,380
975

4,988

429
2,038

9,586

1,374
620
2,248

39,257
4,425
1,751
1,238
1,436
16,142
4,939
2,766
1,515
6,816
106

13,927
1,963
323
844

18,689
603
406

3,985

3,391
2,156
1,051
11,081

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




10,456

796
7,978
2,844
1,612
1,108
2,381
32
309

176
96
209
603

2,594

1,402

used in the household survey.

28

2,079
9,791
1,912

1,407
358
792
422
616

1,336
690
2,258
2,122
329
947
846
7,362
2,780
1,524
1,103

1,925
30
3,710
262

195
62
154
563
2,474

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

131,339
100.0

133,357
100.0

69,992
100.0

70,981
100.0

61,347
100.0

62,376
100.0

30.3
14.6

30.6
14.9

28.6
14.9

32.1
14.3

32.2
14.6

15.6
29.3
3.2

15.7

13.7

29.4
3.3

19.9
2.8

17.8
39.9
3.6

17.7
40.4
3.6

12.0
14.1
13.5
.6

12.1
14.0
13.4
.6

11.4
5.7

29.1
15.2
13.9
19.8
3.1
11.2

12.7
23.6

13.2
23.6

17.5

17.2
1.2
.7

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

9.9
(1)

5.6
10.0
1
( )
2.6
7.4
18.5
19.3
6.5
6.8
5.9
3.3

1.2
.7
15.6
2.1
7.4
4.7
.9
1.8
1.0

59,859
100.0

60,662
100.0

50,555
100.0

51,498
100.0

29.7
15.9

29.9
15.9
14.0
19.7
3.0
11.6

33.3
14.7
18.6
40.6
3.6
13.1

33.4
15.1
18.3
40.9

5.1

23.9

13.5
23.7

9.1

16.2

16.0

( )
2.7
6.2
19.6

( )
2.5

1.2
.6

1.2
.6

6.6
19.4
18.3
6.2
6.4
5.6
3.6

14.4
1.9
6.9
4.3
.8
1.8
1.1

14.2
2.1
6.6
4.0
.9
1.7
1.1

1.9

1.7

11.0
11.0
13.8

5.9
4.0
3.9
2.2

11.0
10.8
13.5
5.5
4.1
4.0
2.2

18.8
19.4
7.0
6.7
5.7
3.3

110,414
100.0

112,160
100.0

31.3

31.5

15.3
16.0

15.5
15.9

29.4
3.2

29.4
3.3

12.4

12.5
13.7
12.3
.6
1.6
10.1
11.4

2.9
7.0

15.2
2.1
7.0
4.3
.9
1.8
1.0

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.8
12.3
.6

1.7
10.0
11.5

13.8
19.9
2.8
11.8
5.3
8.9
1

1

3.6

13.1
5.6
3.8
3.7
2.4

12.9
5.2
3.9
3.9
2.5

18.3
6.6
6.4
5.3
3.5

14,835
100.0

15,033
100.0

6,914
100.0

6,993
100.0

7,921
100.0

8,040
100.0

21.0
9.9

22.4
10.2

17.8
8.5

19.4

23.8
11.2

11.1
28.2
2.8
9.1
16.3
22.2
.7
3.4
18.1
8.3

12.1
29.2
3.1
9.0

9.3
17.8
2.5
7.4
8.0
17.8
1
( )
5.2

25.0
11.2
13.8
38.4
3.5

19.1
7.9
5.8
5.4
1.1

18.7
7.4
6.3
5.0

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




17.1

21.2
.9
3.1
17.2
7.6

.9

used in the household survey.

29

12.5
14.7
30.0
10.1
10.6

9.2
1.9

9.2
10.2
18.6
2.8

6.9
8.9
16.8
.1
4.5

12.2
13.8
29.8
9.5
11.6
8.7

1.7

12.6
37.4
3.2
10.5
23.7
26.1
1.2

1.8
23.0
2.7
9.6
6.0
1.6

2.1
.4

10.8
24.2
25.1

1.6
1.9

21.6
2.2
9.0
5.6
1.7
1.7
.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
January 2000
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminiscians
Private
trative
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
hold
including
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial

2,959
544
8,905
20,111
12,307
7,803

124
75
1,334
3,007
1,837
1,170

9,392
27,799
5,230
22,569

1,290
2,575
678
1,898

8,667
48,965
916
48,049
33,044
6,015

2,642
7,403
1
7,402
4,546
1,409

97
54
167

40
16
58
642
465

18
3

4
8
40
226
114
112

56
208
5,190
3,830
2,714
1,116

275
5,193
56

1,233

177

586
583
142
441

341
317
67
250

286
11625
2,053
9,571

2,429
2,300

374
16,036

212
2,575
4

2,145
1,223

16,036
13,828

2,571
2,113
224

1,223
248
31

2,773
7,349
9
7,340
5,482
1,299

1,318
661

1,043

768
1,532

1

795
795

30

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

56
76
479
697
382
315

1,105
524
581

100
400
147
253

2,338
1,146

489
2,057

501
645

365
1,692
12
537
13
524
116
43

25
19
104
5,884

3,515
2,369

5,136

1,517
402
1,115

306
9,293

138
2,095

15
569

61
9,231
5,708
1,688

14
782
1

2,095
450
167

781
183
30

569

used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

115
62
410
1,954
1,062
891

110
701
311
390

1,979

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

315

49

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

13
23

2,412

995

18
86
66
21
25
84
50
34
34
308

31
276
55
32

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
January 2000
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Private
household
workers

Other
private
industries

Government

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,755
134
66
67
208
474
505
238
146
50

1,172
9
6
3
21
135
281
280
242
204

32
11
5
6
10
1
5
3

121,652
6,490
2,443
4,047
12,379
28,573
33,304
26,277
11,668
2,961

102,335
6,208
2,363
3,845
11,278
24,889
27,865
20,379
9,244
2,472

905
81
35
47
87
144
180
201
133
79

101,430
6,127
2,328
3,799
11,191
24,745
27,686
20,178
9,111
2,393

19,317
282
80
201
1,102
3,684
5,439
5,897
2,424
489

8,643
65
14
50
214
1,393
2,550
2,451
1,323
647

102
12
6
6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,313
108
52
56
166
339
388
158
113
41

849
5
5
1
12
108
220
172
172
160

16
11
5
6
4
1

63,459
3,213
1,198
2,015
6,397
15,167
17,557
13,370
6,160
1,594

55,342
3,113
1,175
1,938
5,979
13,638
15,293
10,901
5,059
1,359

72
12
8
4
7
16
6
13
12
7

55,270
3,101
1,167
1,934
5,972
13,622
15,287
10,889
5,047
1,352

8,116
100
23
77
418
1,529
2,264
2,469
1,102
235

5,326
34
12
22
116
856
1,560
1,493
822
446

18
4
4

442
26
15
11
42
134
117
81
34
9

323
4
1
2
9
27
61
109
71
44

16

58,194
3,277
1,245
2,032
5,983
13,405
15,748
12,906
5,508
1,367

46,993
3,095
1,188
1,907
5,299
11,251
12,573
9,478
4,185
1,112

833
69
27
43
79
128
174
188
122
72

46,160
3,026
1,161
1,865
5,219
11,122
12,399
9,289
4,064
1,041

11,201
181
57
124
684
2,155
3,175
3,428
1,322
254

3,317
31
2
29
98
538
990
958
501
202

84
8
2
6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

31

23
23
21
13
9

3
3
4
3

20
20
21
9
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
January 2000
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

128,866

2,757

126,108

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

30,305
1,132
5,160
15,305
8,708

818
73
227
338
179

29,488
1,058
4,933
14,967
8,529

23.5
.9
4.0
11.9
6.8

29.7
2.7
8.2
12.3
6.5

23.4
.8
3.9
11.9
6.8

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

98,561
8,949
49,908
39,704
15,103
14,676
9,925

1,940
159
808
973
225
331
418

96,621
8,790
49,101
38,730
14,879
14,345
9,506

76.5
6.9
38.7
30.8
11.7
11.4
7.7

70.3
5.8
29.3
35.3
8.1
12.0
15.2

76.6
7.0
38.9
30.7
11.8
11.4
7.5

39.3
43.2

39.6
45.5

39.3
43.2

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

30,305

9,139

21,166

29,488

8,876

20,612

3,535
2,250
953
193
137

1,522
1,254

2,013
996
953
63

3,355
2,140
935
142
137

1,420
1,188

1,934
952
935
47

26,771
948
5,536
756
6,729
1,863
2,031
321
347
8,241

7,617
94
684

19,153
854
4,852
756
6,651
1,863

7,456
94
675

2,031
321
347
4,063

4,178

26,133
939
5,423
740
6,602
1,753
2,000
319
327
8,029

2,000
319
327
3,965

4,065

23.1
21.1

23.8
25.3

22.6
19.4

23.4
21.1

24.1
25.4

22.8
19.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




130
137

78

used in the household survey.

32

95
137

76

18,677
845
4,748
740
6,526
1,753

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

126,108

29,488

Wage and salary workers

117,920

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,355

7,456

18,677

96,621

39.3

43.2

26,769

2,947

6,935

16,887

91,152

39.3

43.0

493

31

6

14

10

462

48.4

49.1

7,029

1,202

332

518

352

5,826

40.6

42.1

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,333
11,876
7,457

2,020
1,082
937

256
116
139

1,043
646
397

720
319
401

17,313
10,794
6,519

42.5
43.0
41.9

43.5
43.6
43.2

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,703
25,460
7,791

1,351
8,554
1,245

203
1,002
99

510
1,183
425

638
6,369
720

7,351
16,906
6,547

42.1
36.6
40.5

44.0
43.0
42.7

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

43,262
857
42,405
5,850

11,453
All
10,976
913

1,013
50
962
36

2,692
38
2,654
549

7,748
388
7,360
329

31,809
380
31,429
4,938

38.3
29.3
38.5
40.8

42.7
43.0
42.7
42.2

8,086
102

2,660
58

404
3

521

1,735
55

5,426
44

39.3
30.5

46.1
44.5

Mining
Construction

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

126,108
6,336
2,400
3,936
119,772
12,168
107,604
91,802
15,802

29,488
4,722
2,252
2,470
24,765
3,943
20,822
16,182
4,640

66,833
3,162
1,180
1,982
63,672
6,343
57,329
48,720
8,609

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,355
263
31
231
3,092
540
2,552
2,229
323

7,456
170
30
140
7,285
701
6,585
5,724
860

18,677
4,290
2,191
2,099
14,388
2,702
11,686
8,229
3,457

96,621
1,614
148
1,466
95,007
8,226
86,782
75,620
11,162

39.3
23.4
16.7
27.4
40.2
36.1
40.6
41.2
37.6

43.2
38.6
37.0
38.8
43.3
41.4
43.4
43.5
43.2

10,904
2,228
1,089
1,139
8,676
1,708
6,968
5,049
1,919

1,657
141
20
120
1,517
267
1,249
1,095
155

3,483
109
17
92
3,374
346
3,028
2,607
421

5,764
1,979
1,052
927
3,785
1,094
2,691
1,347
1,344

55,929
933
90
843
54,996
4,635
50,361
43,671
6,689

42.2
24.6
17.6
28.8
43.0
38.0
43.6
44.2
40.2

44.7
38.2
36.7
38.4
44.8
42.3
45.0
45.1
44.5

59,275
3,174
1,220
1,954
56,101
5,826
50,275
43,082
7,193

18,583
2,494
1,163
1,331
16,089
2,235
13,854
11,133
2,721

1,697
122
11
111
1,575
272
1,303
1,134
169

3,972
61
13
48
3,911
355
3,557
3,117
439

12,914
2,311
1,138
1,172
10,603
1,608
8,995
6,882
2,113

40,692
680
57
623
40,011
3,590
36,421
31,949
4,472

36.1
22.1
15.8
26.1
36.9
34.0
37.2
37.7
34.4

41.2
39.2
37.4
39.3
41.2
40.1
41.3
41.3
41.4

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

105,878
56,996
48,882

25,279
9,305
15,975

2,647
1,310
1,338

6,163
2,971
3,192

16,469
5,024
11,445

80,599
47,691
32,907

39.3
42.3
35.8

43.4
44.8
41.2

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,342
6,656
7,686

3,053
1,126
1,927

565
267
298

1,017
382
635

1,471
All
994

11,289
5,530
5,759

39.1
41.1
37.5

41.9
43.3
40.6

Men, 16 years and oven
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

41,163
7,584
18,086

4,594
1,110
5,200

712
274
672

2,124
467
892

1,758
370
3,636

36,569
6,474
12,886

44.1
42.5
37.7

45.4
44.0
43.1

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

32,172
11,898
15,205

9,766
2,965
5,852

714
393
591

2,101
957
914

6,951
1,616
4,347

22,405
8,933
9,353

36.3
38.2
34.0

41.1
41.5
41.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

34

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

126,085

29,494

39,558
19,392
20,167
37,999
4,282
15,627
18,091
17,151
753
2,240
14,158
13,928
17,449
7,143
5,185
5,121

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,345

7,435

18,714

96,591

39.3

43.2

6,608
2,546
4,062
10,776
849
4,873
5,055
6,755
432
331
5,992
1,848
3,507
1,026
879
1,603

458
187
270
890
47
504
339
781
45
38
698
443
773
218
179
377

2,280
1,029
1,251
2,435
313
752
1,371
889
30
116
743
911
920
405
240
275

3,870
1,330
2,540
7,451
489
3,617
3,345
5,085
357
178
4,551
495
1,814
403
459
951

32,951
16,846
16,105
27,223
3,433
10,754
13,036
10,395
321
1,909
8,166
12,080
13,942
6,117
4,306
3,519

42.2
43.7
40.7
37.4
39.7
38.0
36.4
34.5
28.8
42.9
33.4
41.8
39.9
40.6
42.5
36.0

44.8
45.6
44.0
42.2
42.2
44.3
40.5
41.9
42.8
45.2
41.2
42.9
42.7
42.1
45.2
41.0

66,652

10,848

1,660

3,455

5,733

55,805

42.2

44.7

20,158
10,530
9,628
13,706
2,102
7,749
3,855
6,878
32
1,786
5,060
12,666
13,245
4,543
4,644
4,058

2,308
1,011
1,297
2,558
274
1,466
818
2,016
17
205
1,794
1,559
2,407
516
684
1,207

229
116
113
248
18
154
76
235

1,011
468
543
686
128
319
240
289
83
206
818
650
218
220
212

17,850
9,519
8,332
11,148
1,828
6,283
3,037
4,861
15
1,580
3,266
11,107
10,838
4,027
3,960
2,851

45.1
46.4
43.7
41.7
42.5
42.6
39.3
37.7
(2)
44.4
35.3
42.1
40.8
42.0
43.3
36.6

46.7
47.7
45.6
45.0
44.1
46.4
42.7
43.4

28
207
371
577
124
158
295

1,068
428
640
1,624
129
993
502
1,493
17
94
1,382
369
1,180
175
306
700

59,433

18,647

1,686

3,980

12,981

40,786

36.1

41.2

19,400
8,862
10,538
24,294
2,180
7,878
14,236
10,273
721
454
9,098
1,262
4,203
2,600
540
1,063

4,300
1,535
2,765
8,219
575
3,407
4,237
4,739
416
126
4,198
289
1,100
509
195
395

229
72
157
643
29
350
263
546
45
9
492
72
197
94
21
82

1,269
561
708
1,749
185
433
1,131
600
30
33
537
93
270
187
20
62

2,802
902
1,900
5,827
360
2,624
2,843
3,592
340
83
3,169
125
634
228
154
252

15,100
7,327
7,773
16,075
1,605
4,471
9,999
5,534
305
329
4,900
973
3,104
2,090
345
668

39.1
40.5
38.0
35.0
37.1
33.5
35.6
32.3
28.6
36.8
32.4
38.6
36.8
38.3
35.5
33.9

42.5
42.9
42.3
40.3
40.2
41.5
39.8
40.7
42.0
41.6
40.5
41.1
40.3
40.2
42.6
39.4

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Average hours

(2)
45.9
42.1
43.0
43.5
43.1
45.4
41.3

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,644
1,275
524

3,433
1,130
484
1,819

4.9
2.9
6.0
9.0

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,797
415

2,574
929
363

1,311

1,282

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

642
141
87
415

701
146
103
452

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,303
1,190
514

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

4.6
2.5
5.6
8.7

2,960
1,068
635
1,258

2,832
1,016
567
1,249

4.6
3.1
5.0
7.4

4.3
2.9
4.3
7.3

4.5
2.8
5.8
7.9

4.1
2.4
5.1
7.6

2,214
900
462
852

2,022
815
419
788

4.2
3.0
4.5
6.8

3.8
2.7
4.1
6.2

8.5
4.0
14.7

9.1
4.2
8.5
15.0

625
124
144
356

658
137
128
393

7.3
4.3
6.8
10.0

7.6
4.7
5.6
11.3

599

2,171
1,041
462
668

3.7
2.8
6.0
5.5

3.4
2.4
5.5
5.9

1,995
976
598
421

1,906
918
531
457

3.7
3.0
4.8
4.8

3.5
2.7
4.2
5.3

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,811
987
408
417

1,651
850
344
458

3.4
2.6
5.9
4.8

3.1
2.2
5.0
5.2

1,489
821
437
231

1,354
730
388
237

3.3
2.9
4.4
3.9

3.0
2.5
3.9
4.0

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

356

431
143
100
188

5.6
4.1
6.9
7.7

6.7
4.3
8.5
10.1

422
112
135
175

441
127
128
185

5.9
4.0
6.5
7.6

6.0
4.5
5.6
8.3

1,844

1,071

141
83
132

NOTE: Beginning in 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




7.1

the household survey.

36

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Women

Men

Total
Jan.
2000

6,604

6,264

4.8

4.5

4.9

4.6

4.6

4.3

795
375
420

810
414
397

2.0
1.9
2.0

1.9
2.0
1.9

2.0
1.9
2.0

1.8
1.8
1.8

1.9
1.9
2.0

2.1
2.3
1.9

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,705
89
863
753

1,571
91
782
698

4.2
2.1
5.2
3.9

3.8
2.0
4.6
3.6

3.9
2.4
3.9
4.5

3.6
2.4
3.7
4.0

4.5
1.8
6.4
3.8

4.0
1.7
5.5
3.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,112

1,126
65

5.9
7.5
3.6
6.2

5.9
(2)
2.0
7.4

5.7

(2)
2.9
6.7

6.0
9.9
8.5
5.5

6.1
7.8
6.2
5.9

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Jan.
2000

83

87

975

678
129
429
120

696
153
420
123

4.5
2.5
7.1
3.0

4.6
3.1
6.8
3.0

4.6
2.5
7.2
3.1

4.6
3.0
6.7
2.8

3.0
2.4
5.7
2.8

4.8
5.2
10.7
3.8

1,448
542
260
646
231
415

1,460
489
329
643
199
443

7.4
6.5
4.7
11.3
22.5
8.8

7.5
6.2
5.7
10.9
17.8
9.2

7.3
5.6
4.8
12.0
21.9

9.3

7.4
5.3
6.0
11.0
17.9
9.0

7.7
8.0
3.9
8.6
2
( )
7.4

7.8
7.8
2.8
10.2
2
( )
10.0

11.8

7.7

11.0

7.0

14.7

10.1

,

No previous work experience

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

387

250

462
309
75
78

336
221
53
63

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Jan.
1999

950

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

Farming, forestry, and fishing

Jan.
2000

5.9
9.6
3.3
6.2

79

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Jan.

1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
1999

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagriculturai private wage and salary workers

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Men

Women

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

6,604

6,264

4.8

4.5

4.9

4.6

4.6

5,211

5,143

4.9

4.8

5.0

4.8

4.8

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000
4.3
4.7
_

Mining
Construction

62
766

24
715

10.4
10.7

4.4
9.5

9.5
10.7

5.2
10.0

16.1
10.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

803
479
55
5
28
21
42
114
65
71
51
20
38
40

716
394
25
28
28
16
38
66
58
70
50
20
21
46

3.9
3.8
6.9
.8
4.5
2.6
3.0
4.5
3.1
3.0
3.6
2.0
4.6
6.1

3.5
3.2
3.4
4.6
4.1
1.9
3.1
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.3
2.1
2.7
7.0

3.5
3.5
7.3
.5
4.4
3.1
2.8
4.9
3.4
2.1
2.4
1.8
2.4
2.4

2.8
2.7
4.1
3.7
4.6
2.0
2.6
1.8
1.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.4
8.0

4.7
4.5
5.0
1.2
4.8
_
3.8
3.2
2.6
5.9
7.3
2.9
7.6
11.3

5.0
4.3
.3
6.3
2.5
1.6
4.8
4.9
5.3
3.6
5.7
.2
3.1
5.9

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

323
89
41
65
24
23
25
52
4

321
87
30
70
11
34
47
35
8

4.1
5.5
6.9
8.0
3.2
1.3
2.1
5.6
1.5

4.0
4.8
5.8
9.3
1.7
1.9
3.6
4.1
2.4

3.5
5.0
2.9
11.0
3.6
1.5
1.2
4.9
2.0

3.0
3.6
1.6
8.0
1.6
2.2
3.6
2.5

4.9
6.6
11.5
6.5
2.0
1.0
3.8
7.0
-

5.7
7.2
10.7
9.9
2.1
1.5
3.5
7.2
8.0

223
149
74
1,634
195
1,439
213
1,510
492
1,018

314
248
65
1,607
220
1,387
215
1,553
548
1,005

2.9
3.1
2.6
6.0
3.9
6.5
2.6
4.4
2.4
7.4

4.1
5.1
2.3
5.8
4.3
6.1
2.7
4.4
2.6
7.0

2.4
2.6
2.0
5.5
3.5
6.1
2.8
4.8
2.2
6.9

4.3
5.4
2.3
5.2
3.8
5.6
2.8
4.6
1.9
6.8

4.1
4.4
3.6
6.5
4.7
6.8
2.5
4.2
2.5
7.9

3.4
4.1
2.4
6.4
5.3
6.6
2.6
4.2
2.9
7.2

286
646
462

157
629
336

14.4
2.2
_

8.2
2.1
_

14.3
2.2
_

7.4
2.3
_

14.4
2.1
_

10.3
1.9
_

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

38

-

5.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Total,
16 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

White

Black

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

6,604
3,394
1,364
2,030
1,376
655
721
2,027
462

6,264
3,102
1,165
1,937
1,226
711
765
2,062
336

2,908
1,931
820
1,111
759
351
315
603
59

2,787
1,823
738
1,086
665
421
316
590
58

2,447
1,174
425
749
528
220
318
862
94

2,425
1,082
330
752
500
251
341
944
58

1,249
290
119
171
88
83
88
562
309

1,052
196
97
100
61
38
108
527
221

5,011
2,711
1,221
1,490
1,015
475
584
1,408
308

4,596 1,267 1,359
2,363
610
546
969
151
108
460
1,393
438
271
887
293
189
506
144
153
586
113
509
492
1,420
87
116
228

51.4
20.7
30.7
10.9
30.7
7.0

49.5
18.6
30.9
12.2
32.9
5.4

66.4
28.2
38.2
10.8
20.7
2.0

65.4
26.5
39.0
11.3
21.2
2.1

48.0
17.4
30.6
13.0
35.2
3.8

44.6
13.6
31.0
14.1
38.9
2.4

23.2
9.5
13.7
7.1
45.0
24.7

18.6
9.2
9.5
10.3
50.1
21.0

54.1
24.4
29.7
-11.7
28.1
6.2

51.4
21.1
30.3
12.8
30.9
5.0

43.1
8.5
34.5
8.9
38.9
9.2

44.9
11.1
33.8
11.3
37.4
6.4

2.5
.5
1.5
.3

2.2
.5
1.5
.2

2.8
.5
.9
.1

2.6
.4
.8
.1

1.9
.5
1.4
.2

1.8
.6
1.5
.1

3.8
1.1
7.3
4.0

2.5
1.4
6.8
2.8

2.3
.5
1.2
.3

2.0
-.5
1.2
.2

3.4
.7
3.1
.7

3.7
.9
3.1
.5

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32.

Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)
January 2000
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,264
3,102
1,165
1,937
1,226
711
765
2,062
336

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

47.7
50.0
63.6
41.9
38.2
48.1
51.6
44.2
38.3

29.8
29.8
29.5
30.0
30.6
28.9
29.2
28.7
37.5

22.6
20.2
6.9
28.1
31.1
23.0
19.2
27.2
24.2

13.2

9.9

9.1
15.5
14.3

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,787
1,823
738
1,086
665
421
316
590
58

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

45.9
47.8
60.1
39.5
36.2
44.6
51.2
41.0

30.0
31.6
32.3
31.1
32.4
29.1
27.0
25.8

24.1
20.6
7.6
29.4
31.5
26.2
21.8
33.2

10.8
10.0
5.6
13.1
13.1
13.0
9.3
13.3

13.3
10.6
2.0
16.4
18.4
13.3
12.5
19.8

1

1

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,425
1,082
330
752
500
251
341
944
58

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

46.6
49.1
63.3
42.8
38.6
51.2
47.7
43.8

29.2
28.5
29.3
28.1
27.8
28.7
30.7
28.7

10.3
10.7
5.3
13.1
14.0
11.4
12.8

13.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

1,052
196
97
100
61
38
108
527
221

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

54.7
75.7
91.0
60.8

30.5
20.8

14.8
3.5

10.1
3.5

9.0
32.2

7.0

7.0

()
65.3
48.3
46.2

30.7
31.8
36.0

3.9
19.9
17.9

3.9
14.0
9.6

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

A-33.

1

10.5

12.1

10.1
11.6

24.2
22.5
7.5
29.1
33.6
20.0
21.6
27.5

11.7
2.1
16.0
19.7
8.7

8.9

9.3

1

1

1.9
15.4
18.0
10.9

12.8

1

1

12.1
10.3

9.9
5.0

18.2
1

()

4.7

5.9
8.3

used in the household survey.

Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Percent distribution

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

6,604
2,930

6,264
2,985
1,865

100.0
44.4
32.3
22.5

100.0
47.7

5,169

4,980
2,208

29.8
21.5
8.3
22.6

1,733
1,202
531

100.0
40.5
33.5
23.3
10.3
26.0

100.0
44.3
31.2
22.4
8.8
24.5

13.1
12.9
5.5
7.4

10.6

2,133
1,487

646
1,541
775
766
332
434
12.9
6.5

1,345
520
1,414
656
758

9.8
23.3
11.7
11.6
5.0
6.6

363
395
12.5
5.4

10.5
12.1
5.8
6.3

2,094

1,342
675
667
287
380
14.0
7.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Thousands of persons

used in the household survey.

40

1,552
1,114
438
1,220

529
691
347
344
13.5
6.6

13.9
7.0

6.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
January 2000
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,264
1,052
1,135
1,305
1,300
928
402
141

2,985
576
608
655
563
367
153
64

1,865
321
315
416
381
291
109
32

1,414
156
212
234
356
270
141
46

656
106
109
113
150
99
68
11

758
49
103
122
206
171
73
35

12.5
8.1
10.1
10.8
15.3
15.6
16.5
24.8

5.4
4.0
4.2
4.5
7.0
7.4
8.3
7.7

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,433
645
616
693
664
520
218
76

1,613
333
313
361
294
204
77
31

1,047
210
184
217
197
163
57
17

773
102
118
115
173
154
84
27

365
65
59
57
87
55
40
4

408
37
59
59
86
99
44
24

12.3
8.7
10.5
10.0
14.3
15.1
18.0
26.4

5.4
4.3
4.4
4.3
6.1
7.3
8.8
8.3

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,832
407
519
612
636
408
185
66

1,372
243
295
294
269
163
76
32

818
111
130
198
183
128
52
15

641
53
94
119
183
116
57
18

291
41
50
56
63
45
28
7

351
12
44
63
120
72
29
11

12.8
7.3
9.6
11.8
16.3
16.2
14.7
(1)

5.4
3.5
3.9
5.6
7.6
7.5
7.8

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,596
2,574
2,022

2,331
1,278
1,053

1,359
781
579

906
515
390

446
268
178

459
247
212

11.2
11.0
11.4

4.4
4.6
4.3

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,359
701
658

520
271
248

397
204
193

443
226
217

173
79
94

270
147
123

17.3
17.1
17.5

8.6
8.4
8.8

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,130
484
1,819

478
228
907

377
117
553

275
139
359

96
83
186

179
56
173

14.4
12.7
10.9

6.8
5.2
4.6

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,016
567
1,249

504
249
620

267
173
379

245
145
251

104
47
139

141
98
111

13.2
15.2
11.5

4.8
7.0
4.7

Race

Marital status

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
January 2000
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

Weeks

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

810
1,571
1,126
696
1,460
250

359
778
512
353
753
95

241
403
347
222
410
109

209
390
267
120
297
46

91
201
122
52
140
16

118
189
145

157
724
719
395
324
358
1,610
226

65
270
211
125
85
98
466

13
36

51
500
31

22
110
218
100
118
75
316
74
418
44

9
74
86
40
46
27

1,783
100

70
344
290
169
121
185
828
101
865
25

336

129

126

81

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

14.4
12.6
12.9
10.5
11.8
11.4

6.8
4.8
6.7
4.4
4.4
6.8

171
31
194
8

132
60
72
48
145
43
224
35

9.3
9.2
16.0
12.9
19.8
13.2
10.8
16.6
12.6
26.5

5.5
5.0
7.7
7.0
8.8
4.3
4.4
7.3
5.2
13.3

33

48

15.0

7.8

15 to 26
weeks

Total

27 weeks
and over

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

68
157
30

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Age

Total
Category
Jan.
1999

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year*
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Jan.
2000

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

55 years
and over

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Women

Men

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

68,776 69,161 12,568 12,533 18,326 18,603 37,882 38,024 25,562 25,852 43,214 43,308
63,976 64,807 10,722 10,973 16,189 16,589 37,065 37,245 23,652 24,020 40,324 40.787
779 1,910 1,832 2,890 2,522
817
4,800 4,354 1,845 1,560 2,137 2,014
622 1,127 1,055 1,817 1,655
609
879 1,238 1,209
2,944 2,710 1,097
1,644
777
1,073
157
783
899
805
209
867
748
681
1,856
447
30
350
148
180
201
28
232
267
215
238
498
1,197
597
635
604
127
668
600
180
510
1,358
723
466
339

1,019
150
212
94

563

234
963
119
234
84
526

98
412

52
414

39
183
19
171

9
218
19
168

174
493
105
30
51
307

154
449
101

14
50
284

67
114

6

27
100
8

24
84

15
74

206
428
29
105
22
272

148
449
26
116

45
262

133
590
121
107
72
290

86
514
93
118

39
264

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




25 to 54
years

16 to 24
years
Jan.
1999

Sex

42

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Rate

1

Number

Women
Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

7,897
242
7,654
719
6,935

6.0
3.8
6.1
5.8
6.2
6.4
4.8
5.4
2.7

5.7
3.4
5.9
5.4
5.9
6.1
5.0
5.2
4.2

4,143
105
4,038
346

4,076
76
4,000
340
3,660

5.7
2.2
5.9
5.1
6.0
6.2
5.2
5.3
4.9

3,560
151
3,410
356
3,053

3,164
496
385
111

5.9
3.3
6.0
5.4
6.1
6.4
4.8
5.3
2.9

3,754
137
3,617
374
3,243
2,881

99

7,637
227
7,410
697
6,713
5,858
855
692
163

361
325
36

2,695
359
307
52

6.1
4.2
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.4
4.8
5.5
2.4

5.7
4.5
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.0
4.6
5.0
3.2

6,742
844
563

6,428
912
526

6.1
5.7
4.2

5.7
6.1
3.7

3,533
450
345

3,457
477
333

5.9
6.5
4.4

5.7
6.8
4.0

3,208
394
218

2,971
435
193

6.3
5.0
4.0

5.8
5.4
3.3

4,459
1,361
2,077

4,389
1,270
1,978

5.8
6.7
6.0

5.6
6.2
5.6

2,628
465
1,050

2,664
437
976

6.1
5.7
5.6

6.1
5.4
5.1

1,831
897
1,027

1,725
833
1,002

5.5
7.4
6.5

5.1
6.7
6.3

4,342
1,597
326
1,614

4,278
1,639
245
1,446

2,518
496
186
928

2,465
571
165
858

1,824
1,101
140
686

1,813
1,068
80

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years

6,134
801
702

65 years and over

3,692
3,253
439
377
62

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




589

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age
Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Percent of
labor force

Nurtiuer
Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

Jan.
1999

Jan.
2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,786
5,732
608
2,024
3,100
2,054

7,818
5,204
409
1,692
3,103
2,614

6,493
5,089
531
1,835
2,723
1,404

6,386
4,596
381
1,493
2,723
1,789

6,304
4,954
500
1,795
2,659
1,350

6,199
4,462
357
1,453
2,652
1,737

189
134
31
40
64
55

186
134
23
40
71
52

2.9
2.6
5.8
2.2
2.3
3.9

2.9
2.9
6.2
2.7
2.6
2.9

20,740
9,343
7,065
4,332

21,874
9,482
7,625
4,767

18,858
8,640
6,445
3,772

19,772
8,781
6,846
4,146

18,213
8,372
6,174
3,667

19,123
8,518
6,617
3,988

645
268
272
105

649
263
229
158

3.4
3.1
4.2
2.8

3.3
3.0
3.3
3.8

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




44

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

turing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1948.
1949.

44,866
43,754

39,216
37,897

18,774
17,565

994
930

2,198
2,194

15,582
14,441

26,092
26,189

4,189
4,001

2,612
2,610

6,659
6,654

1,800
1,828

5,181
5,239

1,863
1,908

0)
(D

(1)
(1)

1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959 2

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967..
1968.
1969.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970.
1971 ..
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975 .,
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.,

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980.
1981 .
1982 .,
1983.
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987 ..
1988..
1989..

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990..
1991 ..
1992 ..
1993..
1994..
1995 ..
1996..
1997..
1998..
1999P

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,616

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,455

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535

5,120
4,650
4,492

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,431

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,376

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,600
6,792

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,831
7,004

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
21,966
22,296
22,788

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,109
7,407
7,632

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,526
39,000

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686
2,668

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,696

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,521
12,797

4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

4,986
5,160
5,418
5,691
5,985
6,273

(1)

(D
0)
0)

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1999:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December?
2000:
JanuaryP ...

127,378
127,730
127,813
128,134
128,162
128,443
128,816
128,945
129,048
129,332
129,589
129,905

107,386
107,676
107,726
108,035
108,085
108,338
108,663
108,735
108,830
109,095
109,320
109,584

25,315
25,329
25,285
25,288
25,199
25.180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,257
25,275

560
553
550
538
531
526
528
524
527
528
527
529

6,170
6,238
6,232
6,277
6,239
6,258
6,270
6,246
6,293
6,314
6,369
6,391

18,585
18,538
18,503
18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,361
18,355

102,063
102,401
102,528
102,846
102,963
103,263
103,569
103,797
103,862
104,134
104,332
104,630

6,708
6,723
6,732
6,750
6,758
6,781
6,799
6,813
6,831
6,841
6,862
6,896

6,924
6,937
6,947
6,965
6,977
6,993
7,012
7,031
7,041
7,064
7,070
7,086

22,556
22,648
22,611
22,724
22,748
22,796
22,903
22,888
22,862
22,891
22,902
22,981

7,570
7,581
7,595
7,611
7,621
7,636
7,647
7,650
7,653
7,668
7,675
7,687

38,313
38,458
38,556
38,697
38,782
38,952
39,055
39,205
39,257
39,433
39,554
39,659

2,702
2,713
• 2,710
2,688
2,666
2,664
2,656
2,651
2,654
2,643
2,648
2,643

4,644
4,670
4,680
4,688
4,677
4,675
4,682
4,706
4,717
4,722
4,729
4,735

12,646
12,671
12,697
12,723
12,734
12,766
12,815
12,853
12,847
12,872
12,892
12,943

130,292

109,936

25,406

531

6,507

18,368

104,886

6,912

7,105

23,024

7,678

39,811

2,663

4,735

12,958

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are
subject to revision.

2




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964.,
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999P

114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.9

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.04

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
741.91
748.06

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07

101.84
107.73

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
DecemberP
2000:
JanuaryP ...

34.0
34.3
34.2
34.3
34.6
34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6

$13.11
13.10
13.12
13.16
13.19
13.14
13.15
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.43
13.46

$445.74
449.33
448.70
451.39
456.37
454.64
456.31
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.34
465.72

42.3
42.7
42.2
43.3
44.2
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
44.4

$17.23
17.08
17.01
16.93
17.00
16.93
17.12
17.01
17.10
17.00
16.95
17.15

$728.83
729.32
717.82
733.07
751.40
748.31
765.26
756.95
759.24
758.20
757.67
761.46

37.9
38.0
37.7
38.6
39.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.7

$16.74
16.66
16.79
16.85
17.02
17.08
17.22
17.26
17.41
17.49
17.37
17.42

$634.45
633.08
632.98
650.41
668.89
679.78
687.08
690.40
672.03
699.60
686.12
674.15

34.3

13.59

466.14

44.4

17.26

766.34

38.3

17.36

664.89

See footnotes at end of table.




46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999P

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.67

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.43

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.06
14.59

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.26

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
DecemberP
2000:
JanuaryP ...

41.3
41.3
41.4
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42.2
42.5

$13.66
13.66
13.73
13.80
13.85
13.91
13.92
13.95
14.11
14.04
14.08
14.20

$12.98
13.00
13.04
13.10
13.14
13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.27
13.31
13.41

$564.16
564.16
568.42
574.08
577.55
581.44
573.50
583.11
588.39
589.68
594.18
603.50

38.7
39.0
38.8
38.6
38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.3

$15.57
15.56
15.51
15.57
15.55
15.56
15.66
15.67
15.78
15.76
15.87
15.93

$602.56
606.84
601.79
601.00
603.34
606.84
609.17
617.40
607.53
605.18
607.82
610.12

38.0
38.3
38.2
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.5

$14.42
14.38
14.34
14.48
14.53
14.44
14.55
14.65
14.73
14.78
14.82
14.90

$547.96
550.75
547.79
554.58
560.86
554.50
558.72
566.96
564.16
570.51
569.09
573.65

41.6

14.17

13.44

589.47

38.4

15.92

611.33

38.5

15.02

578.27

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Fn ance, insurance,
iand real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999P

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.73
9.08

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.06
14.61

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.85
13.38

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.19

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968.
1969

...

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
DecemberP
2000:
JanuaryP

28.1
28.6
28.6
28.7
29.1
29.4
29.8
29.9
28.8
28.8
28.7
29.3

$9.00
8.98
9.00
9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.04
9.18
9.20
9.21
9.26

$252.90
256.83
257.40
259.16
262.77
265.19
268.80
270.30
264.38
264.96
264.33
271.32

36.0
36.3
36.0
35.9
36.4
35.9
36.2
36.9
36.0
36.1
36.0
36.2

$14.48
14.55
14.53
14.61
14.72
14.50
14.53
14.61
14.63
14.68
14.73
14.75

$521.28
528.17
523.08
524.50
535.81
520.55
525.99
539.11
526.68
529.95
530.28
533.95

32.3
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.6

$13.30
13.32
13.33
13.32
13.34
13.23
13.20
13.25
13.48
13.54
13.60
13.68

$429.59
432.90
431.89
431.57
436.22
431.30
432.96
439.90
435.40
442.76
444.72
445.97

28.3

9.34

264.32

37.0

14.99

554.63

32.7

13.82

451.91

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are
subject to revision.

48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Jan.
Total
Total private

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

127,378 127,730 127,813 128,134 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,945 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,905 130,292
107,386 107,676 107,726 108,035 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,584 109,936
25,315

25,329

25,285

25,288

25,199

25,180

25,247

25,148

25,186

25,198

25,257

25,275

25,406

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...

560
50
89
312
109

553
50
88
306
109

550
50
87
305
108

538
49
86
294
109

531
49
86
287
109

526
48
84
285
109

528
48
85
285
110

524
47
83
285
109

527
48
83
287
109

528
48
82
289
109

527
49
82
288
108

529
48
82
291
108

531
49
81
294
107

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

6,170
1,410
871
3,889

6,238
1,426
869
3,943

6,232
1,429
864
3,939

6,277
1,428
874
3,975

6,239
1,427
854
3,958

6,258
1,430
857
3,971

6,270
1,432
857
3,981

6,246
1,426
852
3,968

6,293
1,440
857
3,996

6,314
1,445
861
4,008

6,369
1,450
870
4,049

6,391
1,454
879
4,058

6,507
1,471
899
4,137

18,585

18,538

18,503

18,473

18,429

18,396

18,449

18,378

18,366

18,356

18,361

18,355

18,368

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,050
826
534
569
696
1,495
2,148
362

11,027
827
535
571
695
1,491
2,146
362

11,014
827
535
569
693
1,490
2,139
360

10,993
824
536
570
691
1,489
2,132
361

10,971
824
537
569
689
1,487
2,129
362

10,960
824
538
568
687
1,485
2,128
364

11,015
826
546
571
692
1,493
2,131
360

10,975
826
543
568
688
1,484
2,122
359

10,959
827
544
569
685
1,486
2,117
358

10,952
829
546
568
685
1,487
2,116
358

10,954
829
544
571
686
1,489
2,118
358

10,954
829
543
573
686
1,490
2,117
359

10,964
830
542
574
685
1,489
2,114
356

1,663

1,659

1,659

1,658

1,658

1,657

1,667

1,662

1,662

1,665

1,661

1,663

1,671

637
1,884
996
517
849
386

636
1,871
989
510
847
385

636
1,873
992
511
844
385

635
1,864
996
503
842
387

635
1,853
996
498
839
386

637
1,849
998
491
837
387

639
1,863
1,014
488
840
386

641
1,859
1,012
483
836
387

640
1,848
1,006
476
833
388

643
1,838
1,001
471
830
388

643
1,834
1,000
467
833
389

645
1,831
1,001
464
832
390

646
1,837
1,009
461
831
391

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

7,535
1,699
40
579
718
664
1,561
1,041
139
1,016
78

7,511
1,695
40
575
707
664
1,559
1,041
139
1,015
76

7,489
1,693
39
571
702
662
1,557
1,037
139
1,014
75

7,480
1,689
38
567
698
662
1,555
1,038
139
1,019
75

7,458
1,688
38
563
691
661
1,551
1,036
138
1,018

7,436
1,680
39
560
686
659
1,552
1,033
137
1,016
74

7,434
1,681
39
559
679
659
1,554
1,032
138
1,021
72

7,403
1,666
36
557
672
658
1,553
1,030
136
1,022
73

7,407
1,679
38
553
669
657
1,552
1,033
137
1,017
72

7,404
1,680
38
551
666
655
1,552
1,033
136
1,021
72

7,407
1,686
39
553
663
655
1,549
1,033
136
1,022
71

7,401
1,689
38
551
659
655
1,548
1,030
135
1,025
71

7,404
1,693
39
548
656
655
1,548
1,034
137
1,023
71

Goods-producing

Manufacturing

Service-producing

74
102,063 102,401 102,528 102,846

103,263 103,569 103,797 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,630 104,886
102,963

Transportation and public utilities ...
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities ..

Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,708
4,356
233

6,723
4,367
233

6,732
4,378
235

6,750
4,397
234

474
1,786
182
1,204
14
463
2,352
1,502
850

475
1,789
181
1,213
14
462
2,356
1,507
849

476
1,796
177
1,218
14
462
2,354
1,506
848

6,924
4,088
2,836

6,937
4,100
2,837

6,947
4,103
2,844

6,781
4,423
233

6,799
4,438
230

6,813
4,445
226

6,831
4,455
227

6,841
4,458
227

6,862
4,474
226

6,896
4,506
227

6,912
4,519
228

483
1,800
180
1,220
14
466
2,353
1,508
845

6,758
4,402
233
480
1,802
180
1,226
13
468
2,356
1,513
843

483
1,810
181
1,234
13
469
2,358
1,513
845

483
1,817
182
1,240
13
473
2,361
1,519
842

488
1,817
182
1,246
13
473
2,368
1,525
843

486
1,825
182
1,250
13
472
2,376
1,533
843

486
1,828
182
1,251
13
471
2,383
1,541
842

487
1,839
180
1,257
13
472
2,388
1,546
842

486
1,846
182
1,278
13
474
2,390
1,550
840

491
1,850
179
1,287
13
471
2,393
1,553
840

6,965
4,113
2,852

6,977
4,124
2,853

6,993
4,139
2,854

7,012
4,154
2,858

7,031
4,169
2,862

7,041
4,172
2,869

7,064
4,188
2,876

7,070
4,194
2,876

7,086
4,203
2,883

7,105
4,209
2,896

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,556
972
2,773
2,470
3,481

22,648
979
2,781
2,475
3,492

22,611
982
2,794
2,489
3,490

22,724
982
2,799
2,499
3,492

22,748
979
2,784
2,486
3,487

22,796
982
2,782
2,482
3,479

22,903
986
2,778
2,476
3,478

22,888
988
2,774
2,468
3,484

22,862
992
2,762
2,460
3,478

22,891
1,001
2,756
2,455
3,481

22,902
1,004
2,753
2,450
3,480

22,981
1,005
2,795
2,481
3,483

23,024
1,010
2,778
2MB
3,482

2,377
1,061
1,152
1,055
7,843
2,903

2,390
1,065
1,167
1,064
7,855
2,920

2,392
1,069
1,167
1,070
7,785
2,931

2,399
1,074
1,163
1,081
7,863
2,945

2,400
1,077
1,172
1,084
7,880
2,962

2,403
1,080
1,178
1,091
7,911
2,970

2,407
1,085
1,192
1,090
7,989
2,983

2,409
1,089
1,191
1,094
7,960
2,988

2,415
1,091
1,189
1,097
7,932
2,997

2,420
1,092
1,200
1,099
7,925
3,009

2,424
1,096
1,198
1,095
7,943
3,005

2,431
1,097
1,187
1,101
7,982
2,997

2,444
1,100
1,203
1,104
7,986
3,017

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,570
3,675
2,049
1,469
258
705
362
663
258
2,383
1,627

7,581
3,681
2,051
1,470
258
708
365
661
261
2,386
1,628

7,595
3,690
2,051
1,469
258
712
368
664
263
2,392
1,632

7,611
3,697
2,050
1,467
257
716
370
668
263
2,395
1,631

7,621
3,706
2,047
1,465
256
720
374
672
267
2,399
1,635

7,636
3,709
2,045
1,463
256
721
372
676
267
2,402
1,638

7,647
3,715
2,044
1,462
256
721
369
682
268
2,404
1,635

7,650
3,716
2,046
1,464
255
719
366
685
266
2,407
1,636

7,653
3,715
2,047
1,466
255
713
361
686
269
2,410
1,637

7,668
3,719
2,047
1,464
254
711
358
691
270
2,414
1,641

7,675
3,723
2,044
1,460
254
711
357
697
271
2,411
1,636

7,687
3,728
2,040
1,459
252
714
358
703
271
2,416
1,639

7,678
3,719
2,039
1,457
250
705
351
705
270
2,404
1,630

756
1,512

758
1,514

760
1,513

764
1,519

764
1,516

764
1,525

769
1,528

771
1,527

773
1,528

773
1,535

775
1,541

777
1,543

774
1,555

Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations

38,313
747
1,785
1,205
8,869
971
3,308
2,933

38,458
751
1,786
1,201
8,922
971
3,331
2,954

38,556
747
1,789
1,200
8,963
973
3,343
2,967

38,697
755
1,791
1,204
9,010
978
3,350
2,975

38,782
751
1,786
1,189
9,047
979
3,366
2,986

38,952
757
1,797
1,200
9,088
984
3,387
3,000

39,055
760
1,807
1,207
9,148
992
3,422
3,025

39,205
757
1,813
1,207
9,186
998
3,418
3,024

39,257
763
1,811
1,210
9,204
1,000
3,440
3,032

39,433
766
1,806
1,210
9,303
1,003
3,490
3,099

39,554
774
1,812
1,214
9,336
1,003
3,501
3,097

39,659
766
1,809
1,224
9,390
999
3,518

3,111

39,811
787
1,794
1,234
9,453
1,003
3,528
3,121

1,708
1,168
392
573
1,653
9,905
1,840
1,756
3,954
645
989
2,218
2,721
621
765

1,724
1,175
392
582
1,656
9,919
1,844
1,755
3,959
651
992
2,237
2,734
625
768

1,734
1,176
393
580
1,660
9,932
1,850
1,754
3,963
653
995
2,243
2,744
627
769

1,749
1,178
396
587
1,668
9,951
1,856
1,753
3,966
656
998
2,254
2,755
628
772

1,765
1,182
398
604
1,675
9,954
1,860
1,755
3,966
653
999
2,265
2,760
629
775

1,781
1,184
395
611
1,695
9,964
1,864
1,755
3,969
653
1,002
2,272
2,778
633
777

1,794
1,185
395
609
1,694
9,975
1,868
1,754
3,968
655
1,000
2,278
2,763
632
781

1,806
1,185
396
608
1,712
9,993
1,874
1,755
3,973
658
1,004
2,288
2,799
631
785

1,814
1,190
398
608
1,713
9,999
1,876
1,756
3,977
657
1,007
2,289
2,803
631
788

1,823
1,196
400
612
1,730
10,009
1,880
1,756
3,978
658
1,009
2,288
2,817
634
792

1,829
1,197
400
613
1,734
10,026
1,885
1,756
3,978
658
1,012
2,298
2,840
646
796

1,838
1,196
405
609
1,722
10,039
1,886
1,759
3,984
661
1,015
2,304
2,851
649
802

1,860
1,198
404
614
1,751
10,062
1,892
1,762
3,993
660
1,018
2,287
2,872
656
803

94
2,385
3,316
926
1,103

94
2,389
3,335
930
1,111

95
2,392
3,354
933
1,123

94
2,392
3,370
939
1,133

93
2,394
3,391
940
1,143

94
2,409
3,411
942
1,153

94
2,403
3,441
948
1,165

95
2,409
3,458
948
1,178

94
2,408
3,464
948
1,180

95
2,409
3,487
954
1,193

96
2,411
3,496
959
1,196

95
2,418
3,520
965
1,218

95
2,418
3,526
973
1,221

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,992
2,702
1,822
4,644
1,920
2,724
12,646
7,165
5,481

20,054
2,713
1,834
4,670
1,941
2,729
12,671
7,181
5,490

20,087
2,710
1,831
4,680
1,948
2,732
12,697
7,200
5,497

20,099
2,688
1,809
4,688
1,955
2,733
12,723
7,206
5,517

20,077
2,666
1,788
4,677
1,941
2,736
12,734
7,225
5,509

20,105
2,664
1,789
4,675
1,934
2,741
12,766
7,239
5,527

20,153
2,656
1,779
4,682
1,947
2,735
12,815
7,268
5,547

20,210
2,651
1,779
4,706
1,965
2,741
12,853
7,308
5,545

20,218
2,654
1,785
4,717
1,965
2,752
12,847
7,295
5,552

20,237
2,643
1,780
4,722
1,960
2,762
12,872
7,305
5,567

20,269
2,648
1,780
4,729
1,967
2,762
12,892
7,318
5,574

20,321
2,643
1,778
4,735
1,974
2,761
12,943
7,353
5,590

20,356
2,663
1,787
4,735
1,976
2,759
12,958
7,358
5,600

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

1998
Industry
Nov.
Total
Total private

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

61,315 61,464 61,599 61,767 61,852 62,008 62,035 62,227 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645 62,738
50,160 50,275 50,394 50,524 50,591 50,734 50,771 50,916 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245 51,322

6,680

6,675

6,674

6,658

6,647

6,643

6,630

6,632

6,640

6,617

6,612

6,610

6,608

82

82

82

82

82

79

78

78

78

76

76

75

74

677

679

682

687

689

695

695

700

701

704

705

708

710

5,921

5,914

5,910

5,889

5,876

5,869

5,857

5,854

5,861

5,837

5,831

5,827

5,824

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,943
146
168
105
104
337
472
684
406
(1)
169

2,939
147
169
104
103
337
472
682
405
(1)
169

2,936
147
169
104
103
338
467
679
408
(1)
169

2,930
148
170
104
102
338
466
677
405
(1)
168

2,924
149
169
104
102
336
464
675
407
(1)
168

2,926
148
170
103
101
339
464
676
405
(1)
169

2,922
149
171
102
101
339
464
675
404
(1)
168

2,927
149
171
103
101
339
466
675
404

2,928
150
174
102
100
338
465
676
406
(1)
169

2,924
150
173
102
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,925
151
175
101
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,924
151
174
102
101
339
467
675
398

169

2,944
150
175
104
100
342
466
680
408
(1)
170

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,978
555

2,975
558
13
270
525
161
702
335
24
345
42

2,974
560
13
269
521
161
702
335
24
348
41

2,959
557
13
267
513
161
701
335
25
346
41

2,952
557
12
266
508
161
701
336
25
346
40

2,943
554
12
263
503
161
700
336
25
349
40

2,935
556
12
261
498
160
698
337
25
349
39

2,927
555
12
259
494
160
699
336
24
348
40

2,917
552
13
259
488
160
700
334
24
349
38

2,909
550
11
258
481
160
700
335
24
351
39

2,907
551
12
256
479
161
700
337
24
349
38

2,902
553
12
254
475
160
699
337
24
350
38

2,900
555
12
255
473
160
697
337
23
350
38

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

13
271
529
161
703
335
24
345
42

0)

(D
170

54,635 54,789 54,925 55,109 55,205 55,365 55,405 55,595 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035 56,130

Transportation and public utilities

2,015

2,025

2,032

2,048

2,049

2,054

2,059

2,073

2,072

2,087

2,094

2,099

2,111

Wholesale trade

2,115

2,118

2,121

2,127

2,132

2,140

2,140

2,148

2,153

2,159

2,164

2,170

2,175

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,813 11,842 11,874 11,923 11,937 11,974 11,998 12,008 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999 12,002
4,712

4,726

4,743

4,751

4,753

4,752

4,753

4,769

4,775

4,786

4,790

4,796

4,792

Services

22,825 22,889 22,950 23,017 23,073 23,171 23,191 23,286 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571 23,634

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,155 11,189 11,205 11,243 11,261 11,274 11,264 11,311 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400 11,416
1,141
1,148 1,149 1,133 1,124 1,126 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125 1,133
1,151
1,141
2,385 2,394 2,390 2,403 2,407 2,414 2,413 2,415 2,411 2,420 2,431 2,434 2,445
7,619 7,654 7,674 7,692 7,705 7,727 7,727 7,770 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841 7,838

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

87,855 88,077 88,170 88,358 88,428 88,613 88,882 88,908 89,044 89,262 89,435 89,604 89,935

Total private
Goods-producing

17,988 17,976 17,963 17,926 17,872 17,849 17,920 17,826 17,871

Mining
Construction

17,888 17,941 17,947 18,101

423

416

413

403

398

396

396

395

398

402

400

403

402

4,792

4,830

4,836

4,827

4,812

4,830

4,833

4,809

4,856

4,878

4,928

4,936

5,071

12,773 12,730 12,714 12,696 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,622 12,617 12,608 12,613 12,608 12,628

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,548
678
426
445
543
1,126
1,357
1,037
1,243
753
(2)
267

7,529
679
426
446
542
1,121
1,355
1,031
1,236
749
(2)
267

7,527
679
427
445
541
1,119
1,351
1,035
1,239
754
(2)
267

7,519
677
427
446
539
1,119
1,347
1,037
1,232
757
(2)
269

7,504
676
428
446
538
1,118
1,346
1,033
1,226
758
(2)
268

7,487
676
429
445
535
1,115
1,343
1,030
1,222
757
(2)
268

7,549
678
435
448
540
1,125
1,347
1,045
1,237
775
(2)
268

7,513
676
434
443
537
1,115
1,335
1,038
1,243
779
(2)
268

7,496
677
433
444
536
1,116
1,333
1,035
1,231
770
(2)
269

7,489
679
435
443
535
1,117
1,331
1,035
1,222
765
(2)
269

7,487
679
434
445
536
1,118
1,333
1,031
1,219
765
(2)
269

7,482
679
432
446
537
1,119
1,332
1,030
1,217
765
(2)
270

7,503
682
432
449
534
1,120
1,336
1,034
1,224
774
(2)
271

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,225
1,266
31
490
574
505
837
584
93
788
57

5,201
1,264
30
486
564
503
835
583
93
786
57

5,187
1,264
29
483
560
502
833
582
92
786
56

5,177
1,259
29
479
558
502
829
583
92
790
56

5,158
1,258
28
476
553
501
827
582
90
788
55

5,136
1,252
29
473
546
500
827
580
89
785
55

5,142
1,258
29
474
539
500
826
580
91
792
53

5,109
1,240
25
471
535
497
826
578
90
793
54

5,121
1,253
27
469
532
498
826
582
90
790
54

5,119
1,254
27
466
528
496
827
584
90
794
53

5,126
1,260
27
468
527
497
825
586
89
795
52

5,126
1,263
27
466
524
498
823
586
87
800
52

5,125
1,265
27
462
524
498
823
590
85
799
52

Service-producing

,

,

69,867 70,101 70,207 70,432 70,556 70,764 70,962 71,082 71,173 71,374 71,494 71,657 71,834

Transportation and public utilities

5,579

5,592

5,595

5,600

5,602

5,620

5,624

5,634

5,655

5,661

5,678

5,687

5,728

Wholesale trade

5,551

5,565

5,579

5,592

5,600

5,610

5,620

5,631

5,639

5,654

5,661

5,675

5,685

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,798 19,888 19,888 19,976 20,009 20,055 20,164 20,145 20,120 20,122 20,146 20,205 20,255
5,565

5,569

5,571

5,580

5,591

5,600

5,596

5,594

5,603

5,605

5,613

5,596

33,374 33,487 33,574 33,684 33,762 33,888 33,954 34,076 34,165 34,334 34,404 34,477 34,570

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,583

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

49.6
56.2
63.8
54.4
P57.0

64.9
61.0
57.9
58.3

59.4
61.9
58.8
52.1

55.1
62.8
60.5
58.8

61.9
58.8
55.9
51.5

60.8
56.3
57.9
57.0

57.0
60.7
58.0
57.6

62.5
61.0
55.8
50.0

57.3
59.4
54.6
55.1

63.5
65.4
52.9
57.2

59.7
63.6
59.1
57.9

61.2
62.1
58.6
P56.6

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
63.8
66.7
60.7

62.5
63.6
66.2
55.9

63.3
67.7
64.5
59.6

63.1
67.3
63.9
54.6

63.1
62.6
61.4
56.3

64.3
61.7
58.7
56.2

64.3
61.4
60.0
56.2

62.2
66.2
58.4
59.0

64.6
67.3
57.6
57.4

64.2
69.9
57.6
59.6

66.2
70.8
59.0
P60.1

63.2
71.2
60.4
P60.3

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
67.4
70.6
61.1

65.2
68.3
66.9
58.8

64.5
65.6
65.9
57.3

65.2
67.0
62.4
59.0

64.7
65.6
62.6
55.2

64.6
64.9
61.1
57.4

67.0
66.3
58.0
56.9

65.4
68.4
59.8
61.5

65.9
69.7
60.0
P61.4

66.7
71.3
60.8
P58.4

66.9
71.3
60.8

66.7
71.9
58.0

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

64.5
69.0
70.4
60.1

66.7
67.3
68.3
57.3

64.5
68.3
67.1
57.0

65.6
69.7
64.0
57.6

68.5
69.5
62.1
58.7

67.3
70.1
61.7
P58.7

67.7
70.1
61.8
P58.7

66.4
70.4
63.8

68.0
70.5
59.8

69.9
69.7
59.0

68.7
69.8
59.3

66.9
71.3
58.6

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

42.4
50.0
58.6
40.3
P52.2

55.4
52.9
51.8
42.4

46.8
53.6
50.4
39.6

41.0
56.1
50.4
44.6

55.8
52.2
40.6
36.3

51.4
53.2
46.8
45.3

47.1
51.1
40.3
57.2

56.5
55.4
45.3
38.5

48.9
53.6
42.1
42.8

55.0
62.2
36.3
48.9

50.7
61.2
39.9
50.7

54.0
55.4
45.0
P48.2

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

46.8
51.8
59.4
37.4

46.0
51.4
57.9
31.7

43.5
57.6
51.8
37.1

46.0
56.8
44.2
30.2

48.2
54.3
41.7
33.8

51.1
51.8
34.9
43.9

51.8
53.6
37.4
43.2

49.6
55.4
37.1
44.6

53.2
59.7
38.1
38.5

52.5
68.3
34.2
46.4

55.0
65.8
35.6
P49.3

50.7
64.4
35.3
P50.4

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

41.4
54.7
59.7
33.1

46.0
54.0
49.3
29.1

45.7
51.4
48.2
28.1

47.1
54.3
36.7
36.0

46.0
52.5
36.7
30.9

48.6
52.2
36.7
34.5

52.9
55.4
28.4
36.3

50.4
61.2
31.3
44.6

51.8
61.5
33.5
P45.3

51.4
64.7
35.3
P40.6

52.5
66.2
32.7

51.8
65.1
28.1

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

43.5
54.7
54.0
32.7

47.5
52.5
49.3
25.9

45.3
54.0
46.0
28.4

45.3
54.0
40.6
29.5

50.4
55.4
35.6
29.9

49.6
56.8
33.8
P30.6

50.4
57.2
30.9
P34.5

48.6
57.9
32.0

51.1
58.3
26.6

55.0
56.5
26.6

54.3
55.4
25.5

50.7
57.2
26.3

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1 -, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1995) are subject to revision.

53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

1998
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Total1
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1,923.0
276.1
2,117.7
1,131.4
13,782.9

1,927.3
277.8

2,114.4
1,131.4
13,827.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,076.2
1,660.3
406.1
615.4

2,085.1

6,791.4

6,809.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,796.3
527.2
532.8
5,947.1

3,800.7
526.5
536.8
5,943.9

2,940.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,929.8 1,929.4 1,932.0 1,933.7 1,933.8 1,934.6 1,933.2 1,936.0 1,931.6 1,932.1 1,934.3
277.4
277.3
276.3
276.7
279.4
278.0
277.5
277.5
277.5
278.8
278.6
2,117.3 2,125.0 2,133.6 2,138.5 2,153.5 2,162.2 2,165.9 2,165.5 2,176.3 2,180.5 2,187.3
1,131.9 1,133.2 1,133.2 1,133.9 1,134.4 1,140.0 1,143.4 1,141.3 1,144.3 1,146.7 1,151.1
13,833.8 13,852.4 13,881.7 13,938.9 13,967.1 13,977.1 14,017.9 14,039.6 14,067.9 14,121.0 14,184.7
2,072.5 2,089.6 2,092.4 2,104.0 2,104.3 2,106.9 2,111.0 2,119.5 2,124.5
1,663.9 1,665.4 1,663.3 1,665.2 1,669.5 1,672.3 1,674.3 1,674.1 1,678.8 1,683.2
409.4
411.4
411.4
416.2
408.7
412.5
412.6
416.0
410.4
415.2
615.6
616.4
615.3
621.6
620.3
620.9
612.7
621.7
621.1
614.8
615.1
6,825.1 6,839.6 6,867.3 6,888.7 6,916.7 6,938.2 6,970.5 6,996.9 7,014.1 7,037.2 7,068.1
2,084.8
1,663.4
408.8

2,086.3

3,831.6
527.6
536.5
5,944.1

3,834.6
528.9
536.4

2,940.5

3,813.7
527.5
537.2
5,942.8
2,954.5

1,466.9
1,330.6
1,765.6
1,918.3
577.1

1,459.7
1,333.8
1,772.8
1,910.8
578.6

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,346.3
3,198.5
4,547.1
2,592.3
1,134.9

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

1,660.5
408.1
615.1

5,967.9
2,956.8 2,960.9

3,842.5
529.9
533.2
5,971.0
2,945.9

3,858.8
530.8
534.1
5,977.6

2,955.7

531.9
5,985.1
2,948.5

2,954.9

3,904.5 3,926.0 3,954.1
532.0
531.2
530.2
538.0
532.0
5,980.7 5,972.6
2,952.0 2,958.8 2,955.3 2,959.3

1,467.2
1,334.7
1,773.8
1,909.7
579.9

1,466.7
1,334.5
1,775.7
1,908.1
580.8

1,475.3
1,341.8
1,783.0
1,914.3
581.4

1,479.6
1,340.3
1,788.7
1,914.9
581.6

1,485.2
1,343.9
1,790.1
1,919.6
583.8

1,490.0
1,343.9
1,788.8
1,916.4
583.5

1,488.6
1,340.0
1,796.5
1,918.2
584.4

1,491.4
1,340.9
1,793.6
1,921.3
586.0

1,492.9
1,346.9
1,797.2
1,920.9
587.9

1,495.9
1,350.8
1,800.9
1,927.8
590.0

1,503.7
1,351.9
1,801.9
1,926.5
590.0

2,355.3
3,193.9
4,541.7
2,593.2
1,135.9

2,361.3
3,203.9
4,537.4
2,589.9
1,135.5

2,359.3
3,209.9
4,551.7
2,590.7
1,135.4

2,364.1
3,217.5
4,557.2
2,603.1
1,133.3

2,365.1
3,217.7
4,557.9
2,604.2
1,133.2

2,372.3
3,220.4
4,569.2
2,609.3
1,130.8

2,371.8
3,225.8
4,590.7
2,610.1
1,141.3

2,372.2
3,229.0
4,581.0
2,612.6
1,134.0

2,372.9
3,232.8
4,577.4
2,618.2
1,133.6

2,384.8
3,234.6
4,570.6
2,627.3
1,131.7

2,388.3
3,233.6
4,575.1
2,633.1
1,131.0

2,393.6
3,248.2
4,589.6
2,636.7
1,134.4

2,717.6
376.8
886.7
946.7
591.5

2,711.8
378.2
880.5
949.9
593.7

2,706.4 2,704.0 2,704.0 2,704.5 2,707.8 2,711.4 2,705.3 2,693.1 2,707.6 2,709.0 2,704.8
381.3
382.1
381.8
378.2
379.7
378.0
385.4
384.1
385.7
379.4
380.2
881.6
881.5
885.9
879.6
876.7
879.9
879.1
879.2
882.3
875.9
876.9
982.5
979.0
969.9
949.9
960.6
963.3
989.9
989.1
952.4
955.5
600.4
600.2
598.1
595.7
596.5
598.3
600.8
596.8
597.5
597.8
603.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,833.2
725.8
8,312.9
3,823.2

3,832.7
726.4
8,305.4
3,831.5

319.9

3,846.7
729.1
8,334.5
3,824.8
319.7

3,854.8
729.3
8,341.9
3,834.9
321.4

3,861.1

319.3

3,840.3
726.7
8,328.0
3,830.3
319.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,501.3
1,454.2
1,573.6
5,526.4
461.0

5,489.4
1,455.8
1,578.7
5,518.8
458.3

5,499.2
1,459.9
1,580.1
5,532.1
459.9

5,498.4
1,465.0
1,584.2
5,528.1
461.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,812.0
364.9
2,655.8
9,063.9
1,036.9

1,818.8
365.2
2,652.4
9,077.0
1,037.7

1,821.1
366.4
2,652.7
9,099.4
1,040.1

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

288.6
3,348.8
2,625.6
724.3
2,731.5
228.0

288.9
3,347.2
2,628.6
726.5
2,727.9

288.8
3,358.3
2,631.6
728.9
2,730.9
230.3

229.1

529.4

3,876.3
531.8
532.8
5,973.5

3,896.7
537.3

529.2
532.6
5,968.4 5,967.4

8,350.6
3,820.2
320.7

3,864.7
730.0
8,353.1
3,817.9
318.0

3,871.6
729.9
8,386.1
3,837.9
317.1

3,871.7 3,877.2 3,882.0 3,889.1 3,898.5
732.0
731.8
736.1
733.1
739.7
8,393.2 8,420.3 8,443.6 8,454.9 8,473.5
3,853.7 3,846.8 3,843.5 3,849.7 3,849.1
318.9
316.4
316.6
316.5
319.9

5,510.5
1,470.9
1,587.0
5,541.1
464.2

5,510.5
1,473.4
1,583.6
5,533.4
461.3

5,521.1
1,477.7
1,582.3
5,533.0
462.8

5,531.2
1,474.0
1,589.9
5,537.3
464.8

5,533.7
1,480.7
1,585.1
5,529.4
465.1

5,521.6
1,482.4
1,581.2
5,543.2
467.8

5,522.4
1,486.5
1,592.2
5,546.0
469.0

5,531.8
1,487.5
1,596.8
5,544.3
468.7

5,545.6
1,489.3
1,597.3
5,532.3
466.8

1,822.6
366.2
2,650.7
9,118.6
1,042.4

1,825.1
367.7
2,657.3
9,137.7
1,046.0

1,829.3
366.3
2,663.5
9,155.9
1,046.5

1,838.2
365.5
2,674.7
9,181.4
1,048.5

1,836.3
366.5
2,676.1
9,199.6
1,053.0

1,840.7
364.9
2,686.6
9,222.8
1,053.6

1,840.5
364.3
2,673.1
9,235.4
1,057.4

1,842.0
363.1
2,677.0
9,267.8
1,061.4

1,849.9
365.8
2,678.6
9,293.6
1,062.4

1,855.3
369.0
2,679.7
9,311.0
1,064.0

290.1
3,363.9
2,639.9
725.8
2,734.6

291.1
3,363.1
2,643.9
723.0
2,740.7
231.8

291.2
3,368.9
2,645.0

293.4
291.2
291.2
292.7
291.9
290.5
294.6
3,378.9 3,389.2 3,404.8 3,405.7 3,403.5 3,407.8 3,412.5
2,643.6 2,657.8 2,660.2 2,652.2 2,661.2 2,668.3 2,676.3

229.6

See footnotes at end of table.




3,855.6

54

729.7

728.1
721.2
728.3
725.8
725.3
724.4
725.7
728.9
2,745.4 2,738.6 2,742.3 2,748.0 2,743.6 2,748.6 2,749.7 2,756.4
232.2
230.9
231.9
229.4
231.1
232.5
231.3
229.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999

1998

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

106.2
13.4
150.1
48.4
627.1

107.1
14.1
153.5
49.3
641.7

106.9
13.9
154.0
49.5
632.1

106.6
14.4
154.9
49.4
631.5

106.7
14.4
154.9
49.4
636.6

106.4
13.3
155.1
49.7
650.1

107.2
13.2
156.5
49.6
656.2

108.1
13.3
158.0
49.7
661.7

107.4
13.2
158.6
50.1
662.4

108.1
13.2
158.2
50.7
667.4

107.4
13.4
157.1
50.8
672.1

107.6
13.7
158.7
51.0
678.7

106.9
14.2
159.0
51.5
683.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

135.9
60.5
22.9
8.7

137.4
61.1
24.8
8.9
360.9

138.5
61.0
24.3
8.9
364.7

136.9
61.2
24.3
9.2
365.8

138.5
60.6
23.9
9.2
367.0

137.7
59.9
23.9
9.0
369.0

139.8
60.0
24.1
9.0
369.3

141.0
60.1
24.2
9.1
372.6

140.8
60.8
24.2
9.1
373.4

140.9
60.9
24.0
9.0
374.8

143.6
61.1
24.0
8.8
378.8

143.4
62.0
24.3

359.7

138.8
61.0
23.9
8.9
361.6

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

192.1
20.2
34.1
241.8
145.9

192.6
20.7
35.3
243.1
144.4

191.0
20.7
34.1
243.2
145.5

191.6
20.6
34.1
241.2
144.1

192.8
20.6
33.9
247.5
145.0

193.2
20.7
33.6
246.6
144.3

196.4
20.1
33.3
247.3
144.9

195.2
20.2
33.6
247.1
144.0

192.2
19.8
33.5
245.5
143.2

191.4
20.1
33.6
248.2
142.7

195.5
19.9
34.8
249.0
143.6

194.4
20.2
34.3
248.8
144.3

245.8
144.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

62.9
63.8
85.3
130.6
25.1

63.4
64.8
86.2
131.5
26.2

64.2
65.1
87.1
131.7
26.6

62.5
64.1
84.2
132.7
26.7

62.9
66.2
87.1
133.2
27.4

64.1
66.1
87.4
133.2
27.3

64.5
67.1
88.0
133.5
26.9

64.8
67.3
87.1
131.7
26.9

65.0
67.3
87.9
132.2
26.8

65.7
67.7
87.0
132.6
26.6

66.5
67.9
88.1
131.6
26.4

65.9
68.0
88.5
132.9
26.8

71.2
67.7
87.5
129.8
27.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

143.8
110.6
189.6
106.5
56.8

144.9
113.1
184.1
107.7
58.1

146.2
114.7
190.4
109.0
58.5

144.9
116.1
190.6
109.2
58.2

144.5
114.9
192.3
111.5
57.3

144.3
113.9
192.2
110.3
55.9

144.6
114.3
193.4
108.5
55.7

145.2
114.2
195.0
109.3
55.9

145.1
114.4
192.5
109.6
55.5

144.5
115.5
190.9
111.6
55.6

144.4
115.4
191.1
112.8
55.3

144.6
114.7
192.8
113.7
56.9

142.6
116.7
194.5
116.4
57.4

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

134.7
18.9
42.7
87.0
24.0

130.0
18.9
41.8
88.6
23.6

132.9
19.3
42.1
87.1
24.2

131.7
19.4
40.7
86.6
24.2

133.7
19.6
40.9
86.8
24.5

134.1
19.8
40.8
86.1
23.8

135.5
19.6
41.8
86.7
24.0

138.5
19.7
41.7
88.4
23.8

135.7
19.4
41.8
88.7
23.7

135.5
19.6
41.7
88.9
23.8

136.1
19.8
41.8
89.5
24.1

134.7
20.3
41.2
90.4
24.2

136.1
20.6
42.7
90.8
24.5

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

136.7
43.9

137.4
44.2
292.0
220.5
14.5

138.2
44.4
296.8
220.9
15.6

137.9
43.5
296.5
218.7
15.2

137.1
43.5
297.3
219.7
15.1

136.8
43.3
298.2
217.4
15.4

136.5
43.1
299.8
216.9
15.4

136.9
43.6
301.4
215.1
15.6

136.7
43.6
302.4
215.8
15.3

137.5
43.9
304.0
216.5
15.0

139.0
43.8
304.5
215.7
15.2

139.1
43.7
307.6
216.0
16.7

312.8
216.3
17.3

228.7
55.6
85.6
222.3
15.2

231.5
54.8
85.1
230.7
15.3

227.4
55.3
85.5
228.8
15.8

228.4
55.4
85.7
230.2
16.4

229.1
55.5
85.3
228.3
15.8

230.0
56.3
84.1
226.3
16.0

231.9
56.0
83.4
225.9
16.3

230.7
55.6
83.3
224.7
16.3

231.5
56.1
82.8
224.5
16.3

232.5
56.3
84.0
226.3
16.5

232.6
56.6
84.5
228.2
16.8

109.8
16.4
128.8
512.5
71.6

110.2
16.6
128.0
518.0
71.2

111.0
16.7
126.2
518.7
70.9

111.6
16.7
128.1
523.1
71.6

111.6
16.8
128.0
523.5
72.3

112.3
16.6
128.6
523.9
72.9

112.0
16.4
131.1
528.7
73.4

112.9
16.0
132.2
530.0
73.2

113.7
16.1
133.1
531.0
73.4

114.5
16.0
134.1
532.8
75.3

115.1
17.0
134.3
534.5
75.6

115.2
16.8
134.4
535.3

15.1
193.0
146.3
35.5
116.2
16.6

15.0
194.7
146.6
36.9
117.7
16.7

15.1
194.9
147.3
34.6
118.5
16.5

15.7
196.8
147.8
34.5
121.3
17.0

14.9
196.4
148.4
33.9
118.3
17.0

14.5
196.6
149.4
34.2
116.3
16.3

14.1
196.6
151.7
34.5
116.2
16.6

14.1
197.8
151.2
34.7
116.8
16.4

14.1
200.0
151.2
33.7
117.5
16.5

14.4
200.9
152.9
33.7
116.8
16.7

14.8
202.2
153.2
34.5
117.2
16.9

14.8
204.7
155.2
34.3
117.4
16.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

290.1
219.3
15.3
227.6
55.5
84.3

224.5
15.8
109.6

16.4
126.8
508.8
71.5
14.4
192.9
145.0
35.7
116.7

15.9

See footnotes at end of table.




55

8.6

379.7
196.6
20.4
35.0

140.4
43.6

234.4
56.0
85.1

225.2
16.3

76.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

I Sept. |

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

366.2

374.9
13.4
218.6
254.1
1,959.5

375.5
15.7
217.4
254.5
1,959.0

373.1
15.4
217.5
254.2
1,952.9

372.6
14.3
218.0
253.7
1,948.9

370.9
13.2
218.4
252.8
1,950.0

371.6
14.1
218.4
253.0
1,950.9

369.7
13.9
219.0
251.8
1,950.4

370.7
14.4
218.1
252.4
1,945.0

366.8
15.3
218.3
251.3
1,947.7

366.1
15.8
218.3
251.5
1,953.6

366.3
15.1
218.6
251.5
1,947.5

366.5
14.4
219.6
251.8
1,949.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

205.6
275.6
60.6
12.6

206.0
276.3
59.8
12.1
497.5

206.3
276.0
59.7
12.2
498.0

206.5
276.7
59.7
12.1
496.9

206.2
276.3
59.1
12.1
498.6

206.4
275.8
59.8
12.1
498.1

206.0
274.1
59.9
12.0
497.8

205.3
273.3
57.4
12.1
497.5

205.0
273.1
59.7
12.2
497.7

204.7
272.6
59.5
12.1
496.5

204.2
271.1
59.1
12.3
496.4

204.2
271.4
59.4
12.2
496.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

597.0
16.2
76.1
973.1
684.9

596.3
16.2
75.9
973.1
686.5

596.2
16.2
76.4
974.4
686.9

596.0
16.1
76.3
972.0
685.4

594.8
16.2
76.7
972.0
686.9

593.1
16.2
75.7
969.4
683.5

593.8
16.1
75.9
971.6
685.0

587.9
16.1
76.5
968.4
689.5

592.8
16.1
77.7
970.9
688.5

591.1
16.2
76.9
970.4
687.1

589.8
16.4
76.7
966.9
687.4

590.3
16.4
76.2
967.6
687.3

589.8
16.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

263.6
214.4
321.4
192.0
85.4

262.4
214.8
321.2
191.5
86.6

265.0
214.9
320.3
191.5
86.4

264.8
213.8
320.2
191.1
85.7

265.4
213.3
319.2
190.6
84.6

266.6
213.1
317.6
190.0
84.7

267.6
213.2
315.9
191.1
84.9

268.0
212.6
319.4
191.2
84.7

267.0
211.2
318.5
190.5
84.7

268.2
211.1
319.9
190.6
85.3

265.2
211.1
318.8
190.3
85.1

265.6
210.7
321.0
190.0
85.6

266.7
211.0
321.5
189.6
86.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

176.7
440.2
966.7
445.0
244.9

176.5
438.4
962.8
443.9
244.3

177.0
436.4
957.9
443.7
241.4

177.0
436.0
963.4
441.0
240.6

177.5
435.6
961.7
441.9
240.1

176.8
435.0
963.2
442.7
239.3

176.8
434.7
963.9
441.7
240.0

179.1
435.2
971.9
440.0
241.0

177.3
435.8
965.2
443.0
240.6

177.9
435.8
963.0
442.8
240.2

177.8
435.6
957.3
444.9
238.7

177.8
435.2
955.0
445.0
237.9

177.6
436.2
954.8
445.6
236.1

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

420.0
25.0
118.0
42.4
107.3

420.6
24.8
118.3
42.1
107.1

417.0
24.9
117.9
41.9
106.8

416.8
24.8
117.7
42.3
106.8

414.7
24.6
117.6
42.3
106.2

413.6
24.6
116.9
42.6
105.8

413.7
24.4
116.8
43.0
105.9

412.6
24.5
117.8
43.0
106.2

409.8
24.6
117.4
43.2
106.1

406.4
24.4
117.5
43.4
106.2

408.7
24.2
117.3
43.5
106.0

407.2
24.6
117.4
43.7
106.2

404.5
24.6
117.0
43.7
106.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

473.6
44.1
915.0
818.4
24.3

474.4
44.3
915.0
817.7
23.9

470.7
44.3
912.5
815.7
23.7

469.0
44.1
909.3
811.6
23.7

469.1
44.1
906.6
811.0
23.8

467.5
44.1
905.2
809.3
24.0

466.3
43.6
905.8
808.0
23.9

466.4
43.4
904.1
806.6
23.6

464.8
43.0
904.3
804.1
23.6

463.7
42.8
903.1
801.7
23.3

462.6
41.8
902.0
800.6
23.3

463.4
42.2
902.3
799.9
23.5

463.6
42.0
903.9

1,091.8
186.1
241.9
938.1
77.9

1,093.6
186.7
242.8
935.3
77.9

1,088.9
186.2
242.2
935.2
78.4

1,086.1
186.5
242.0
934.2
78.3

1,086.8
186.2
241.7
933.5
78.6

1,085.0
186.2
240.9
930.6
77.5

1,086.6
186.9
238.9
931.0
77.8

1,086.3
186.3
238.5
935.5
77.9

1,089.7
186.9
237.4
930.4
78.2

1,084.1
187.1
237.4
929.9
77.3

1,077.6
186.6
239.4
929.5
77.2

1,081.9
187.1
242.2
928.4
78.2

1,081.3
186.7
243.0

363.2
50.0
509.7

362.7
50.1
508.1
1,102.1
133.6

361.9
49.9
505.8
1,100.3
134.2

362.0
49.7
505.5
1,099.4
134.1

361.4
49.3
507.1
1,098.5
133.6

361.4
48.6
505.3
1,098.9
133.8

361.5
48.5
508.1
1,103.6
134.3

359.7
48.3
508.1
1,101.1
133.3

358.7
49.3
507.1
1,098.6
132.8

358.2
49.7
507.3
1,099.0
132.4

359.0
49.7
505.5
1,099.9
132.7

358.8
49.5

1,106.7
134.1

363.7
50.2
509.8
1,104.5
133.6

48.8
401.9
374.6
82.1
615.8
10.9

48.5
401.8
373.4
80.5
616.5
10.9

48.3
402.3
371.8
80.9
615.0
11.1

48.5
401.0
371.9
81.8
614.7
10.8

48.7
392.1
369.5
81.7
613.1
11.0

48.9
392.3
368.2
82.0
613.2
11.4

48.7
395.2
366.0
81.5
610.1
11.3

49.1
394.4
364.1
82.6
610.6
11.3

49.1
401.1
362.4
82.5
610.9
11.4

48.9
399.7
360.2
82.8
610.9
11.1

49.0
399.0
358.7
82.8
610.8
11.2

49.1
400.5
358.8
82.7
611.6
11.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

498.5

See footnotes at end of table.




56

13.2
220.3
252.1

1,950.3
202.7
271.1
59.0
12.2

497.7

76.9

965.8
688.7

799.5
23.7

929.2
77.8

503.8
1,100.6
132.8
49.1
400.0
359.6
83.1
612.1
11.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Transportation and public utilities

92.7
25.9

94.1
26.9

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

104.0
69.2
701.8

93.6
25.8
105.0
68.4
705.6

93.9
25.8
104.6
68.6
706.9

93.4
25.8
105.3
68.5
707.5

93.9
25.8
105.8
68.7
710.2

93.8
25.5
106.0
68.9
711.8

93.9
26.2
106.0
69.3
715.0

94.2
26.2
105.9
69.6
717.5

94.1
27.1
106.4
69.8
718.3

94.1
26.7
107.2
69.8
717.8

93.5
26.7
107.6
70.2
720.5

94.0
26.8
107.8
70.6
724.3

726.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

132.2
76.2
16.9
15.8
344.6

132.1
76.2
17.3
16.1
347.4

132.5
76.6
17.3
16.0
347.3

133.0
76.5
17.3
15.8
347.2

133.1
75.9
17.4
15.8
348.9

133.2
75.6
17.7
15.8
350.8

132.8
74.9
17.8
15.5
351.0

132.4
76.1
17.5
15.5
352.9

132.3
75.8
17.9
15.5
355.2

132.9
75.5
17.7
15.5
355.5

134.3
76.1
17.7
15.6
357.6

135.8
76.9
18.0
15.7
358.6

135.3
76.9
18.0
15.5
360.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

247.2
40.1
25.9
352.0
145.8

247.7
40.2
26.4
350.8
146.4

249.8
40.2
26.3
350.4
146.3

251.4
40.1
26.4
352.0
146.4

252.9
40.4
26.3
351.8
145.9

254.5
40.4
26.2
351.9
144.6

255.9
40.4
26.3
352.5
144.9

257.0
40.3
26.3
352.9
145.0

258.6
40.5
26.2
351.7
145.3

260.8
40.3
26.1
351.7
145.4

261.4
40.3
26.3
351.5
145.2

261.8
40.3
26.1
351.9
144.5

264.3
40.2
26.2
353.0
144.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

70.8
77.2
102.8
116.3
24.0

70.3
76.9
103.3
115.2
24.2

70.6
77.0
103.9
115.6
24.2

71.0
76.7
104.2
115.0
24.2

71.7
76.6
104.9
115.2
24.1

71.9
76.5
104.8
115.7
24.4

72.4
76.3
105.0
115.8
24.3

72.4
76.3
104.9
115.8
24.3

72.7
76.4
105.3
115.9
24.4

72.9
77.0
106.1
116.5
24.4

73.0
77.2
106.1
116.2
24.4

73.0
77.9
106.3
116.2
24.4

73.3
77.1
106.8
115.8
24.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

110.0
135.4
178.2
130.3
53.5

110.8
137.4
180.4
130.5
54.1

110.6
137.7
179.1
130.4
54.3

111.3
137.2
180.1
130.5
54.4

113.2
138.1
180.4
131.6
54.3

113.1
137.7
178.8
131.5
54.0

112.4
138.2
179.7
131.0
54.7

114.6
137.9
179.6
131.1
54.4

114.5
138.3
180.1
130.9
54.6

114.7
139.7
180.3
129.0
55.3

113.6
137.9
180.1
129.1
54.6

113.7
137.2
179.5
128.4
54.5

113.3
137.2
180.7
127.3
55.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

166.9
21.8
58.2
48.3
21.1

167.3
22.0
58.1
48.7
21.3

166.9
22.0
58.7
48.7
21.0

165.5
22.1
58.6
48.7
20.9

165.9
22.0
58.8
48.7
21.2

165.7
22.0
58.8
49.2
21.2

165.0
21.9
59.3
49.6
21.4

164.2
22.0
59.5
50.0
21.4

165.1
22.0
59.3
50.5
21.7

163.2
21.9
59.4
51.1
21.5

164.8
22.3
59.3
51.1
21.9

165.8
22.3
59.5
51.1
21.7

166.4
22.2
58.3
51.6
21.5

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

261.6
33.9
412.7
173.3
17.7

262.6
34.1
415.5
175.2
17.8

263.4
34.0
415.8
174.9
17.7

263.4
34.3
415.0
174.9
17.7

263.6
34.0
417.0
175.4
18.0

262.8
33.9
416.3
174.7
18.0

263.4
34.1
416.1
174.6
17.9

262.8
34.0
416.3
176.2
17.8

263.8
34.4
416.6
175.6
17.7

263.1
34.1
417.3
177.2
17.7

263.0
34.6
418.3
176.2
17.6

264.2
34.6
418.8
176.0
17.9

264.4
35.0
417.7
175.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

242.7
83.5
77.0
287.3
16.0

242.7
84.0
77.6
288.2
16.2

242.4
84.5
77.9
288.8
16.0

242.7
83.9
78.4
288.8
16.2

243.8
83.9
78.3
289.7
16.3

243.5
83.9
78.9
288.9
16.1

243.7
84.3
79.6
288.6
16.1

243.2
84.2
79.9
288.5
15.8

244.3
84.5
80.7
288.1
15.9

244.9
84.7
80.9
288.0
16.0

245.6
85.1
81.1
286.6
16.0

245.4
85.0
81.0
288.2
16.0

245.1
85.2
80.4
288.8
15.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

78.0
16.9
158.2
551.6
59.5

79.0
16.6
159.9
556.2
59.5

79.6
16.8
159.7
557.4
59.8

79.1
17.0
159.9
557.5
59.8

79.6
16.9
160.4
559.3
59.8

80.0
16.9
161.6
560.3
60.2

80.1
16.6
162.2
561.4
59.9

79.9
16.5
162.8
562.5
59.8

79.9
16.5
162.3
564.5
60.0

80.4
16.8
162.4
566.0
59.8

80.3
16.7
162.4
568.1
60.3

80.6
16.7
162.5
568.7
60.0

81.2
17.0
162.8
570.1
60.0

12.5
176.2
138.6
39.4
128.8
13.8

12.6
176.2
139.4
39.6
128.4
14.0

12.5
176.3
139.3
39.5
128.6
14.2

12.5
178.2
139.7
39.0
128.6
14.0

12.3
179.1
139.6
39.1
127.6
14.0

12.4
180.7
139.5
39.3
127.5
14.1

12.3
181.9
141.2
39.3
128.7
14.3

12.1
183.4
141.3
39.5
128.2
14.3

12.5
183.4
141.9
39.4
127.9
14.2

12.6
184.5
141.0
39.3
128.9
14.3

12.6
185.2
141.7
39.2
128.6
14.5

12.6
185.5
139.9
39.2
128.1
14.3

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.5
175.6
138.8

39.2
128.9
14.0

See footnotes at end of table.




57

108.4
70.2

17.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999

1998

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Trade

444.9
57.3

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

506.1
258.3
3,158.5

446.4
56.9
509.7
258.4
3,154.9

448.5
57.2
510.6
258.0
3,153.5

450.7
57.7
513.5
259.9
3,157.4

450.9
57.9
514.2
259.4
3,154.4

451.9
57.6
514.9
259.2
3,158.4

452.8
58.0
516.5
259.9
3,166.0

453.1
57.5
517.4
260.9
3,168.0

452.0
57.7
519.5
260.7
3,181.7

450.8
57.5
520.1
260.8
3,181.1

452.1
57.7
521.8
261.3
3,188.5

452.2
57.6
520.7
262.2
3,205.7

452.0
58.1
522.3
263.0
3,237.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

500.8
358.9
88.4
48.5
1,702.9

503.4
357.8
88.6
47.4
1,709.0

504.3
359.5
88.8
48.0
1,707.1

504.5
359.1
89.0
47.8
1,714.4

507.2
358.4
89.3
48.3
1,719.7

507.2
358.3
89.6
48.6
1,720.5

510.1
358.7
89.9
48.8
1,729.0

512.4
358.3
90.2
49.3
1,732.8

512.2
359.6
90.3
49.0
1,737.9

513.5
358.4
90.8
50.0
1,740.5

512.7
358.2
90.9
48.7
1,745.2

514.1
360.6
91.2
49.1
1,748.3

516.5
362.1
91.9
1,750.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

936.4
130.7
134.3
1,347.4
688.7

935.6
130.7
135.4
1,352.9
698.9

940.1
130.6
135.8
1,354.3
699.5

947.8
130.7
135.1
1,355.4
699.9

948.1
130.7
134.9
1,358.2
696.3

949.1
130.7
133.9
1,355.2
691.5

954.3
130.8
133.9
1,353.1
693.2

955.1
130.0
133.5
1,354.1
693.5

961.3
130.6
133.5
1,358.0
692.2

962.6
131.6
133.8
1,351.6
690.5

970.4
131.3
133.2
1,351.5
692.1

978.5
131.4
133.8
1,356.8
692.1

985.4
130.2
134.9
1,357.4
693.9

358.2
322.3
419.8
448.8
146.1

358.7
322.9
421.2
446.2
145.2

360.8
323.9
420,7
444.6
144.9

360.5
325.2
424.6
444.7
145.8

362.7
325.8
425.9
446.8
145.5

362.8
326.6
427.7
448.4
145.9

362.4
327.8
427.9
448.3
146.2

363.1
328.7
428.0
448.1
145.3

363.8
328.7
428.9
448.6
146.1

362.6
328.7
427.5
449.1
146.1

364.2
329.9
428.0
448.0
148.2

365.4
331.6
427.8
447.4
149.9

365.5
332.4
429.7
448.3
149.3

537.4
727.2
1,076.1
621.3
243.6

540.7
722.1
1,079.3
622.7
244.0

540.5
728.0
1,078.4
620.5
247.3

541.1
730.3
1,082.8
620.5
248.3

542.5
733.4
1,086.7
621.9
246.8

544.0
733.0
1,083.1
623.8
247.0

544.6
733.5
1,083.3
628.7
244.8

544.9
739.1
1,089.3
629.9
244.0

545.2
737.4
1,087.4
629.5
243.5

545.7
737.0
1,086.9
630.2
243.3

544.8
735.5
1,087.0
633.0
243.4

544.6
733.6
1,087.2
633.9
241.5

547.8
738.8
1,089.6
633.2
243.0

638.3
100.8
214.4
193.6
154.9

637.2
101.2
212.7
194.5
154.2

640.2
101.4
211.8
194.7
155.0

640.1
101.5
211.6
195.6
155.8

639.8
101.6
212.5
196.9
154.2

638.6
101.8
213.2
197.4
154.6

637.6
102.2
212.1
199.0
154.7

639.6
101.8
214.1
200.1
154.8

639.6
102.4
213.1
201.5
155.9

637.6
102.6
213.5
203.1
156.3

640.1
102.2
211.8
204.1
156.1

639.7
102.7
211.6
204.7
157.0

638.4
102.5
212.5
206.4
157.4

895.5
172.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana

Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

49.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,678.4
867.2
80.7

896.2
171.5
1,675.8
873.0
81.3

898.2
172.4
1,676.7
873.9
81.2

900.0
173.0
1,678.2
875.5
81.5

901.9
172.9
1,673.7
878.6
82.1

903.6
172.6
1,678.1
873.5
81.3

904.8
172.9
1,680.0
875.4
81.2

907.8
173.3
1,685.3
875.0
81.3

909.5
173.5
1,686.6
872.5
80.9

910.5
173.5
1,689.3
875.6
81.1

911.2
173.4
1,690.1
874.2
80.6

913.6
174.3
1,695.7
875.9
80.6

915.7
175.6
1,698.5
871.9
81.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,334.8
334.8
387.7
1,238.7
100.2

1,332.0
334.2
386.6
1,235.3
99.8

1,333.9
335.7
386.5
1,239.3
99.8

1,336.7
337.2
387.8
1,242.9
99.6

1,334.8
338.6
389.9
1,241.2
100.5

1,335.2
339.2
387.7
1,242.5
100.6

1,337.1
339.6
388.9
1,244.4
101.0

1,336.8
337.9
387.8
1,242.2
101.1

1,336.7
339.1
385.8
1,241.9
101.0

1,332.5
339.4
387.7
1,242.2
101.8

1,335.1
341.7
389.9
1,239.4
102.7

1,338.4
342.0
390.4
1,235.9
102.8

1,343.8
343.1
390.0
1,229.5
102.2

440.2
89.8
629.8
2,128.4
242.8

438.0
91.1
627.0
2,126.3
245.4

440.4
90.6
627.7
2,134.2
244.9

440.0
89.8
628.7
2,142.1
246.6

441.0
91.1
633.7
2,145.0
247.0

442.5
90.9
637.4
2,150.1
247.2

443.2
90.5
637.3
2,153.9
247.7

444.6
89.9
640.1
2,151.4
248.7

445.8
90.0
638.8
2,156.2
248.6

447.1
89.6
640.7
2,158.3
248.1

449.4
89.9
640.9
2,166.0
249.2

450.9
90.5
640.8
2,170.7
249.1

452.7
90.7
643.0
2,173.7
249.8

66.0
739.9
635.7
164.4
612.1
52.6

64.9
739.9
635.5
165.6
609.6
52.6

65.5
742.4
636.3
166.8
611.5
53.3

65.7
744.8
639.5
166.9
613.2
52.8

65.5
743.8
641.3
166.7
614.4
53.4

65.0
745.1
641.6
166.1
615.6
53.6

66.2
744.2
641.6
167.1
614.7
53.1

65.9
743.0
643.5
167.0
613.5
53.2

65.9
744.8
645.0
165.8
614.6
53.0

66.2
744.3
644.9
165.0
615.1
52.9

66.5
744.4
648.7
164.8
615.7
53.4

66.7
742.7
651.7
166.5
616.2
54.1

66.7
742.2
654.3
167.0
617.8
54.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




58

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

88.1
12.6
143.4
45.0
808.2

88.4
12.7
142.8
45.1
809.1

88.5
12.7
143.5
45.2
808.7

88.5
12.8
144.1
45.6
808.0

88.8
12.7
144.3
45.5
811.2

88.9
12.7
144.8
45.4
811.5

89.1
12.8
145.0
45.4
812.7

89.4
12.9
146.2
45.4
812.6

89.4
12.9
147.0
45.8
814.9

89.9
12.7
147.4
46.0
812.8

90.0
12.6
148.6
46.0
815.0

90.8
12.7
149.7
46.1
814.3

91.0
12.7
150.3
46.1
814.8

137.8

138.3
138.8
50.1
29.0
439.2

138.3
138.8
50.0
29.0
439.0

138.4
139.1
50.2
28.9
441.8

138.6
138.7
49.9
28.9
442.9

138.9
138.7
50.1
28.8
444.5

138.6
139.3
50.6
29.0
446.4

138.7
139.4
50.6
29.0
446.3

138.3
139.2
50.8
28.9
448.5

138.5
139.6
51.0
29.0
449.9

138.9
140.5
51.3
28.9
450.2

138.6
140.8
51.5
29.1
451.4

139.2
140.5
51.7

206.0
35.2
23.5
407.9
146.5

206.7
34.9
23.8
408.6
146.9

207.2
35.2
23.9
409.7
146.6

207.7
35.0
23.8
410.1
146.3

209.3
35.1
23.8
411.6
146.7

209.9
34.9
23.7
412.6
146.7

210.5
34.9
23.7
409.9
146.6

211.0
35.0
23.6
408.9
147.0

211.7
34.9
23.7
408.2
147.4

213.2
34.4
23.8
410.3
147.0

213.2
34.3

408.0
144.0

204.9
35.3
23.7
408.8
146.2

84.1
62.7
70.5
87.0
30.3

83.5
62.9
70.9
66.5
30.7

83.9
63.0
71.0
86.6
30.8

83.9
63.1
70.9
86.5
30.7

84.3
63.2
70.9
86.8
31.0

84.3
63.3
71.3
87.0
31.1

85.0
62.9
71.5
87.5
31.1

85.1
62.9
71.9
87.5
30.9

85.3
62.8
71.8
87.6
30.6

85.5
63.3
71.8
87.4
30.7

85.8
63.8
71.4
87.2
31.0

86.0
63.6
71.3
87.3
30.8

86.2
63.6
71.4
87.5
30.6

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

134.9
220.0
209.1
160.0
42.2

136.3
219.3
210.0
159.3
42.7

137.1
220.2
209.0
159.3
42.6

137.1
220.6
209.9
159.5
42.1

137.4
221.5
209.2
159.4
42.2

137.9
221.6
209.1
159.4
42.3

137.2
221.6
209.4
159.2
42.0

137.4
222.1
209.9
159.7
42.2

137.4
222.1
209.7
159.7
42.3

137.7
222.3
210.3
160.0
42.4

137.6
222.4
210.3
160.1
42.9

138.3
223.2
210.8
160.6
42.7

138.5
223.9
209.8
160.2
42.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

164.9
17.3
58.6
44.8
31.5

165.1
17.4
58.7
44.9
31.4

165.4
17.4
58.8
45.1
31.5

165.1
17.3
58.6
45.0
31.5

165.2
17.5
58.4
45.1
31.6

165.7
17.5
58.9
45.3
31.5

165.9
17.5
59.0
45.4
31.8

166.3
17.5
59.1
45.6
31.5

166.3
17.7
59.3
45.8
31.9

165.4
17.4
59.0
45.8
31.8

166.1
17.7
59.0
45.8
31.9

166.1
17.9
59.0
46.0
31.7

165.7
18.0
59.0
45.9
31.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

250.7
32.2
742.0
183.1
16.0

253.1
32.1
740.8
182.8
16.1

254.1
32.3
740.1
183.4
15.9

254.9
32.1
739.2
183.5
15.8

256.6
32.3
739.8
184.5
15.9

256.5
32.5
740.2
184.0
16.0

256.6
32.6
740.6
183.4
16.0

256.9
32.6
743.1
183.1
15.9

257.4
32.6
744.0
183.1
15.9

257.3
32.7
743.7
184.2
16.0

257.9
32.6
745.9
184.5
16.0

258.1
32.7
747.0
185.5
16.0

259.0
32.9
748.1
185.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

301.9
74.8
95.5
320.0
29.3

303.0
75.4
96.1
320.0
29.0

302.9
75.5
96.6
321.1
29.1

303.2
75.3
96.9
321.4
29.5

302.8
75.4
97.1
322.3
29.5

303.5
75.8
96.9
323.7
29.3

304.3
75.9
96.9
324.4
29.5

305.2
76.2
97.1
325.0
29.5

305.4
76.4
97.1
325.4
29.8

305.6
76.7
97.1
325.3
29.6

306.5
76.8
97.1
325.2
30.0

307.1
77.0
96.7
324.3
29.9

307.4
77.3
96.4
324.8
30.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

81.7
23.3
127.1
507.1
56.3

82.1
23.3
127.4
509.3
56.4

82.3
23.3
127.4
510.2
56.8

82.6
23.3
126.3
510.6
57.0

83.0
23.4
126.7
512.2
57.2

83.5
23.3
127.1
512.2
57.7

83.8
23.6
127.3
513.4
58.2

83.7
23.7
127.5
516.1
58.7

83.9
23.6
127.6
518.4
59.4

84.1
23.6
127.3
519.7
58.7

84.3
23.6
127.8
523.8
59.5

84.3
23.5
127.6
524.8
59.7

84.4
23.8
127.8
526.2
59.5

12.6
177.1
138.2

12.7
177.7
139.3
29.7
146.3
8.7

12.7
179.0
139.0
29.7
146.6
8.7

12.7
179.2
139.6
29.5
146.9
8.7

12.9
179.1
140.3
29.2
147.0
8.8

12.9
179.5
141.5
29.2
147.7
8.9

13.0
180.1
140.9
29.5
147.7
8.7

13.2
180.5
140.6
29.4
148.4
8.4

13.1
181.4
141.4
29.5
148.8
8.4

13.0
181.3
141.8
29.5
149.5
8.5

13.2
180.4
142.1
29.5
149.9
8.5

13.1
181.0
142.5
29.2
150.3
8.6

13.1
180.7
143.3
29.2
150.5
8.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

138.5
49.6
29.1
438.9

203.9
35.2
23.3

29.0
145.8
8.6

See footnotes at end of table.




59

29.1
453.9

23.9
409.7
146.6

16.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June
]

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Services

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

456.2
69.4
643.4
267.0
4,304.2

457.0
69.5
632.0
266.3
4,334.1

458.5
69.2
633.3
267.1
4,352.0

456.8
69.2
636.2
266.8
4,366.3

460.1
70.1
640.8
267.9
4,379.9

461.6
69.6
644.8
268.4
4,411.3

463.2
70.1
648.1
268.9
4,417.6

461.8
70.3
651.3
271.7
4,426.5

461.7
70.0
654.9
271.4
4,439.1

460.8
70.2
654.3
271.4
4,447.0

459.4
70.8
656.0
272.5
4,464.5

460.2
71.3
659.2
273.0
4,478.6

460.9
71.6
661.0
276.0
4,493.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

626.9
520.1
113.2
275.6
2,475.3

629.1
520.0
113.4
275.6
2,484.8

627.5
521.4
113.4
275.4
2,498.7

626.5
520.5
113.0
275.8
2,499.1

611.4
523.8
114.1
275.4
2,514.3

626.8
523.1
115.0
275.6
2,527.5

629.9
526.3
115.0
277.3
2,542.7

636.4
528.6
115.2
278.7
2,556.4

635.9
529.4
115.1
278.9
2,575.3

634.7
529.7
115.4
279.0
2,598.8

639.3
530.0
116.3
279.8
2,603.2

642.1
531.9
116.0
279.3
2,617.2

645.7
533.0
115.9
279.0
2,635.7

1,022.1
172.9
131.8
1,801.4
718.6

1,024.4
172.6
133.7
1,790.9
708.9

1,031.1
173.6
133.4
1,793.9
714.9

1,037.1
174.1
133.1
1,794.4
718.5

1,039.2
174.4
132.9
1,808.5
725.6

1,044.4
176.2
131.6
1,818.5
725.6

1,048.1
176.5
132.0
1,820.1
727.2

1,049.2
175.6
129.2
1,822.0
726.9

1,056.2
175.1
128.8
1,809.8
728.2

1,064.4
175.8
128.7
1,805.0
724.2

1,073.6
175.4
130.0
1,818.2
727.2

1,085.4
175.5
129.7
1,820.8
726.9

1,100.5
176.2
132.5
1,822.0
723.4

386.7
340.8
447.7
519.2
172.5

381.3
342.0
450.7
517.2
172.1

383.1
341.9
452.2
517.9
172.7

385.1
342.2
452.6
517.2
173.2

388.4
343.8
455.4
521.3
174.5

390.1
342.8
456.7
521.0
174.5

392.9
343.8
459.4
522.6
176.1

394.3
343.2
458.8
522.9
176.5

393.4
343.8
460.0
524.0
177.0

392.2
345.0
459.1
525.9
177.5

395.1
344.5
460.9
525.8
178.7

395.8
346.3
461.7
529.5
178.8

396.0
347.1
462.4
529.6
179.4

802.9
1,147.2
1,259.6
736.3
262.2

804.0
1,146.0
1,258.2
736.3
261.4

808.3
1,149.2
1,256.7
733.5
259.9

807.1
1,151.7
1,259.0
735.2
260.0

808.4
1,157.5
1,259.5
741.5
260.4

806.7
1,159.6
1,264.1
743.1
263.2

812.4
1,160.8
1,269.1
748.0
262.6

813.7
1,162.3
1,274.0
749.3
265.3

814.2
1,164.3
1,276.7
750.5
264.3

817.0
1,164.8
1,278.7
750.3
263.6

825.5
1,169.0
1,277.0
755.2
264.3

829.5
1,170.8
1,280.2
761.4
263.5

831.8
1,176.7
1,290.1
760.9
266.6

766.9
108.6
243 2
403.6
173.4

767.5
109.2
240.0
403.0
176.2

761.0
109.4
239.3
404.1
176.9

758.5
109.7
238.1
404.7
178.0

759.5
110.5
237.8
405.7
180.1

759.2
110.6
237.3
409.0
178.6

760.5
110.9
238.8
411.1
180.1

762.4
111.7
238.8
413.4
179.5

763.0
111.6
238.0
420.4
179.5

757.2
111.5
238.3
421.7
180.7

762.3
112.8
238.2
424.0
177.3

766.8
112.7
237.8
423.3
179.5

765.9
113.3
240.3
422.5
181.5

1,242.3
207.9
2,848.5
956.7
90.6

1,236.7
207.1
2,848.4
960.9
90.6

1,244.4
207.8
2,857.3
960.5
90.4

1,249.9
208.5
2,867.5
959.2
90.7

1,254.4
209.4
2,879.0
964.4
91.1

1,261.2
210.2
2,884.9
962.1
91.2

1,265.2
210.5
2,890.1
961.3
90.3

1,268.7
211.1
2,902.6
960.2
90.1

1,269.1
211.7
2,908.4
961.2
90.4

1,270.9
213.2
2,916.1
966.8
90.1

1,273.0
213.8
2,929.0
970.0
90.3

1,274.6
214.4
2,933.1
973.3
90.2

1,278.4
216.5
2,945.2
975.5
90.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,522.5
409 1
425.9
1,789.9
157.9

1,518.6
411.1
428.4
1,787.2
156.2

1,520.2
413.6
430.0
1,788.4
158.1

1,521.2
415.4
431.3
1,785.3
158.0

1,531.4
419.6
431.2
1,796.5
159.1

1,533.6
421.8
431.7
1,793.1
158.0

1,537.6
422.0
431.2
1,796.5
157.9

1,538.6
421.3
434.2
1,798.0
159.2

1,540.8
421.7
432.0
1,795.6
159.7

1,539.3
422.5
431.5
1,802.2
160.8

1,540.2
423.5
435.3
1,810.5
161.0

1,540.1
424.0
437.6
1,810.2
160.5

1,543.7
425.0
436.0
1,807.7
159.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

427.2
95.9
715 9
2,569.3
285.2

431.6
94.9
712.9
2,577.0
287.3

431.9
95.9
713.7
2,583.3
288.9

434.1
96.7
715.8
2,592.9
288.8

434.5
97.5
715.8
2.604.7
290.9

435.8
96.4
715.8
2,615.3
290.3

437.9
96.2
718.6
2,636.1
290.7

437.7
96.3
716.8
2,644.2
291.9

439.4
95.1
717.6
2,650.0
292.9

438.4
96.9
716.6
2,656.0
293.1

438.7
95.3
719.7
2,661.4
295.1

441.7
97.0
721.7
2,673.7
295.7

444.0
97.4
723.2
2,685.6
296.1

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

87.2
1,045.7
723.2
211.1
713.2
51.2

87.9
1,045.2
721.1
212.1
710.3
51.6

87.8
1,048.3
725.4
212.5
712.7
51.5

88.4
1,050.7
727.5
211.4
714.5
51.7

88.6
1,053.7
728.9
210.2
717.5
52.3

89.4
1,057.4
730.6
209.9
722.8
51.2

88.8
1,062.4
732.3
211.0
723.3
51.3

88.7
1,068.4
736.5
213.6
724.8
51.5

89.4
1,071.5
737.7
214.6
726.3
51.7

88.2
1,073.7
740.3
213.2
724.5
51.7

89.1
1,073.9
743.7
213.9
726.3
52.3

89.3
1,076.4
745.1
215.5
726.0
52.8

90.2
1,079.7
745.8
215.4
730.8
52.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

. ..

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey ..
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

. . . .
..

.

See footnotes at end of table.




60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

I

Feb.

I

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

| Dec.P

Government

349.4
73.5
339.6
2,199.0

348.7
73.4
341.5
186.2
2,198.8

349.8
73.6
341.3
186.2
2,203.6

350.5
73.9
340.6
186.1
2,209.1

350.4
74.0
342.6
186.2
2,215.6

349.3
75.4
341.8
186.1
2,221.4

347.5
73.0
349.8
186.3
2,226.0

347.0
73.4
354.9
187.1
2,222.1

351.5
72.5
351.2
191.1
2,230.0

355.9
72.9
350.2
188.0
2,236.2

352.7
73.3
356.7
188.9
2,236.1

350.6
73.4
354.9
188.9
2,246.0

352.9
73.7
356.3
189.1
2,255.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

323.2
229.7
54.4
225.0
964.6

323.9
229.6
54.9
225.9
963.3

325.0
229.2
54.7
225.7
967.3

325.4
230.2
55.1
225.4
968.6

326.0
230.2
55.2
225.3
970.2

325.6
230.3
55.2
225.4
973.4

324.4
231.1
54.2
224.7
973.8

326.1
233.0
55.3
219.0
975.9

326.5
234.3
54.5
226.6
976.2

328.8
236.9
53.8
226.8
975.3

327.5
236.5
55.8
227.3
979.7

327.8
235.3
55.8
226.6
979.1

328.5
236.8
55.3
227.0
983.5

Georgia

589.7
111.9
104.3
812.8
406.0

591.3
110.8
103.5
813.7
402.1

591.5
111.0
104.7
808.2
407.6

593.2
111.1
104.8
809.9
408.5

591.6
111.4
104.9
809.5
407.7

592.5
110.7
105.6
808.7
403.0

593.1
111.8
106.0
810.6
406.8

593.3
112.3
106.2
817.3
395.8

596.8
114.8
106.5
817.0
403.7

607.4
118.3
103.6
821.9
408.1

594.3
113.0
105.1
811.3
409.0

594.8
113.8
105.3
813.7
406.4

596.7
112.6
105.7
807.8
410.2

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

238.2
242.4
294.7
368.1
93.6

237.9
242.5
296.6
367.0
93.5

237.3
242.0
296.1
366.8
94.2

236.8
242.5
296.0
366.2
94.4

237.7
246.0
296.6
366.2
94.2

237.5
244.9
300.3
366.0
93.6

238.1
245.9
299.3
367.8
94.2

240.0
245.9
295.5
367.0
94.8

239.1
242.8
300.9
367.6
94.7

242.0
241.0
299.1
367.0
95.3

240.8
245.4
301.0
369.1
94.0

241.9
245.5
301.4
371.4
93.6

242.5
245.8
299.8
372.6
93.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

439.3
416.6
660.0
384.8
225.5

440.8
416.3
659.2
384.6
225.1

440.2
416.3
658.3
385.2
225.3

439.4
416.7
658.2
386.9
225.6

439.2
415.2
660.0
387.2
226.1

440.9
415.5
659.9
385.3
225.6

442.9
416.0
662.9
384.4
224.9

435.6
413.7
663.9
383.0
232.4

437.1
415.4
662.7
382.3
227.0

434.0
416.5
661.3
386.4
226.8

439.8
417.5
661.6
384.3
226.0

438.4
417.7
662.6
382.1
227.5

440.8
417.4
663.2
385.3
226.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

420.9
79.4
150.4
113.9
78.9

419.0
79.4
149.8
114.9
79.5

418.0
78.4
149.8
115.0
79.9

421.3
79.5
149.5
116.2
79.9

420.0
79.2
149.8
116.8
79.6

422.6
78.1
149.6
117.9
80.5

424.6
76.4
151.0
115.7
79.9

422.7
79.6
153.8
117.2
80.4

420.7
79.4
151.5
117.0
80.9

422.5
78.9
151.0
116.6
79.7

424.3
80.1
150.7
119.3
79.1

423.5
79.9
151.4
119.0
80.1

422.7
79.4
151.3
120.0
79.8

570.8
177.5
1,421.8
601.2
70.6

570.3
179.1
1,413.3
597.5
71.7

569.2
177.6
1,424.2
597.1
71.1

569.5
179.7
1,424.4
597.4
71.3

570.1
179.2
1,424.0
597.3
71.5

570.6
179.4
1,423.3
595.1
71.0

569.9
179.6
1,416.3
594.2
69.6

570.1
178.6
1,428.9
617.6
69.0

568.3
180.2
1,426.6
637.3
69.0

572.1
178.6
1,442.5
620.7
69.7

573.2
180.0
1,449.6
618.2
69.6

574.1
181.0
1,446.2
619.0
70.3

574.9
180.9
1,443.0
621.1
70.2

766.9
279.3
259.5
707.0
63.7

757.7
278.0
259.8
709.8
63.9

766.2
279.1
260.0
707.6
63.1

768.1
280.9
260.5
706.1
63.5

769.5
282.0
261.2
707.4
63.6

767.7
281.2
260.3
706.1
63.8

768.8
282.9
260.7
701.6
64.3

776.3
282.2
267.0
702.1
64.8

773.4
286.6
266.8
703.1
64.0

771.0
286.2
261.8
711.1
65.8

772.3
286.8
263.5
708.5
65.4

773.7
285.9
262.5
709.2
64.3

777.3
286.2
264.6
707.9
64.7

310.3
71.0
384.1
1,529.9
179.9

312.8
71.1
382.4
1,531.6
176.2

312.2
71.5
383.9
1,534.7
177.1

312.1
71.1
383.8
1,538.2
177.4

311.6
70.8
383.0
1,539.2
177.7

312.7
71.1
382.5
1,542.8
177.4

317.6
71.9
391.3
1,541.6
Ml.7

315.0
73.6
385.6
1,541.2
178.4

317.2
73.9
395.8
1,550.1
178.7

316.2
70.6
381.8
1,553.6
183.9

314.7
70.5
380.7
1,562.7
182.2

316.5
70.0
382.1
1,567.7
182.3

317.2
72.5
380.5
1,565.3
182.1

46.5
605.0
466.8
140.0
396.3
58.2

46.9
602.9
470.9
141.2
397.6
58.0

46.5
605.2
469.6
140.1
396.3
58.1

46.9
606.8
471.4
140.1
395.5
58.1

46.6
609.2
473.1
140.5
396.1
58.5

47.3
609.1
471.7
139.9
397.7
58.7

47.0
609.9
470.6
141.0
396.5
57.7

47.2
614.7
476.8
139.1
397.6
59.7

47.5
615.1
477.9
141.2
399.9
59.6

47.0
613.3
468.6
141.9
395.6
58.9

47.3
610.6
470.8
141.1
397.6
59.1

47.1
610.2
472.0
140.7
397.2
58.7

47.5
610.2
475.0
139.5
397.0
59.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

Iowa

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia

Wisconsin
Wyoming

186.2

1

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.

NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

2




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1999

2000

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

34.6

34.6

34.5

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.6

41.1

41.0

40.8

40.9

41.0

41.2

41.2

41.1

41.1

41.1

41.3

40.9

41.1

Mining

42.9

43.0

42.9

43.8

44.1

44.0

45.1

44.2

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.2

45.0

Construction

39.5

39.2

38.5

38.6

38.9

39.4

38.9

39.0

39.1

39.1

40.0

38.9

39.4

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.6
4.5

41.6
4.5

41.5
4.5

41.6
4.3

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.9
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.7

41.7
4.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.2
4.6
41.7
40.4
43.8
43.7
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.2
43.5
44.3
41.2
39.6

42.2
4.6
41.1
40.3
43.4
43.8
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.2
44.0
45.0
41.3
39.7

42.0
4.6
41.2
40.3
42.9
43.9
43.9
42.1
41.9
41.0
43.7
44.7
41.2
39.8

42.1
4.3
41.2
40.4
43.1
44.0
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
44.0
45.1
41.6
39.6

42.2
4.7
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.3
44.8
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.5
44.4
41.6
40.2

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.4
43.4
44.3
45.2
42.1
42.0
41.5
44.2
45.4
41.5
40.0

42.5
4.9
41.1
40.6
43.6
44.5
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.7
44.4
46.0
41.7
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.3
40.3
43.6
44.4
45.1
42.4
42.4
41.7
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.6
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.4
44.3
45.0
42.1
42.4
41.6
43.9
45.3
41.5
39.8

42.2
4.7
41.1
39.9
43.9
44.3
45.3
42.1
42.2
41.4
43.5
44.7
41.5
39.6

42.0
4.8
40.9
40.2
43.2
44.4
45.5
41.9
42.2
41.1
43.3
44.5
41.6
39.9

42.2
4.7
41.1
40.2
43.5
44.4
44.8
42.2
42.4
41.1
44.0
45.4
41.4
39.3

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.8
4.4
41.8
38.1
40.8
37.0
43.5
38.2
42.9
(2)
41.4
37.3

40.8
4.3
41.7
38.5
40.6
37.5
43.5
38.1
42.8
(2)
41.7
37.7

40.8
4.4
41.7
38.8
40.4
37.4
43.7
37.9
42.8
(2)
41.8
37.7

40.9
4.2
41.9
38.6
41.0
37.5
43.6
38.1
43.0
(2)
41.5
38.1

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.9
41.0
37.8
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.9
38.4

41.0
4.5
41.8
39.1
40.6
37.7
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.1
4.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.0
40.9
37.3
43.7
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2

40.9
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.8
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.2

41.0
4.5
42.0
41.0
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.5

41.0
4.4
41.9
42.8
41.2
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.6

40.9
4.6
41.6
43.5
41.2
37.4
43.2
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.3
37.2

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.3
40.9
37.6
43.2
38.3
42.9
(2)
41.9
38.0

32.9

33.0

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.3

39.2

39.1

39.0

38.8

38.9

38.7

38.9

38.6

38.5

38.2

38.4

38.6

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.5

38.4

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.6

Retail trade

29.0

29.2

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.1

29.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.7

32.7

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.7

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)

1999

2000

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

146.8

147.3

146.8

147.0

147.2

147.8

148.3

148.4

148.2

148.8

149.2

149.3

150.2

115.2

115.0

114.2

114.2

114.4

114.6

115.1

114.3

114.6

114.7

115.5

114.5

116.1

51.8

51.0

50.5

50.4

50.1

49.7

50.9

49.8

50.3

50.6

50.4

50.8

51.6

Construction

171.9

171.9

169.1

169.2

170.0

172.8

170.7

170.3

172.4

173.2

179.0

174.4

181.4

Manufacturing

107.1

106.8

106.5

106.5

106.5

106.3

107.3

106.4

106.4

106.2

106.0

105.7

106.2

111.0
149.5
135.3
117.8

110.8

110.4
147.9
135.2
115.4

110.4
147.5
135.6
116.2

110.5
147.3
135.9
117.0

110.5
147.6
137.4
116.2
89.8

109.8
146.8
136.5

148.2

90.3
69.2

110.9
147.1
137.5
117.0
90.2

110.2
147.6
136.1

89.9
69.1

69.9

116.5
90.4
70.2

116.2
104.1

116.9
104.5
106.2
123.4

116.6
104.0
105.9
125.0

69.9
117.2

118.1
90.0
69.9

117.0
104.4
105.1
125.3

111.9
147.3
138.8
118.1
91.1
69.8
118.2

111.2
147.6
137.5
116.8

90.0
68.2

110.4
146.9
136.2
116.8
89.8

116.9

116.5
103.7
104.9
122.0

162.4
75.6

165.9
75.2

101.4

100.9

101.1
118.5
55.3
81.1
61.4
106.3

100.5
117.9

122.3
102.3

122.3
101.9

73.9

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

89.9
68.0
117.7
105.4

105.9

147.6
134.9
117.0
90.0
68.0
117.2

105.2

105.6

104.2

108.0
127.1
172.1
76.0
101.1

107.2

106.7

126.6

125.4
168.0

100.9

99.9

100.2

119.1

117.7
53.7
79.5
58.6
105.6
122.1
102.7

72.9

106.0
122.4
102.1
74.4

116.2
49.5
80.0
58.6
105.9
122.1
102.3
72.5

149.5

148.6

149.6

149.4

105.2
125.9
162.7
75.2

99.5

99.8

100.0

101.8
119.3
58.5
83.1
62.3
107.1
123.4
102.4

101.5
118.8
82.0

101.2
118.8
55.7
81.1

76.2

62.1
106.7
122.8
102.0
77.4

107.0
121.9
101.8
76.4

147.8

148.5

148.8

101.2
118.9
55.4
81.6
61.4
106.7
121.9
102.4
74.5
148.5

32.7

33.0

32.4

32.8

32.4

32.0

30.9

161.0

161.8

161.5

161.6

161.9

162.7

134.1

134.1

133.8

133.6

133.0

130.6

131.3

131.3

131.6

141.3

142.9

141.9

139.1

139.6

198.3

198.9

57.2

162.7
74.7

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

125.5
164.8
75.8
100.3

90.4
70.0
117.4
104.4

105.3

125.1
161.0
75.0

169.9
75.4
101.1

75.1
101.3

116.8
104.1
106.7
124.2
167.3
75.1
100.8
100.4
118.7
54.8
80.0

103.7
105.8
122.7
165.0
75.1
100.3

100.4

122.6

119.0
57.3
80.1
57.7
105.4
122.0

149.2

102.8
73.2
149.2

103.2
72.4
149.4

31.7

30.9

30.5

163.2

163.7

163.3

133.7

133.2

134.1

131.5

132.0

132.3

142.6

143.3

143.6

139.3

139.1

138.8

198.8

198.9

199.3

61.5

Service-producing

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




69.4

56.2
79.8
60.4
106.0

59.0
81.3

59.3

58.1

164.3
74.7
101.4
100.1
118.4
58.2

79.8
57.5

110.6
136.5
118.1

89.9
69.2
117.4

104.5
105.3
124.6
169.6
74.5
100.2
100.2
118.6

53.9
78.5
57.8

104.9
121.7
103.2
72.3

104.9
121.7
103.4

149.7

151.6

30.0

29.7

30.4

164.1

164.4

165.0

165.5

133.5

133.3

132.7

133.6

135.3

132.5

133.1

133.8

133.2

133.9

134.5

144.4

143.8

142.6

143.1

143.3

144.7

144.6

139.4

141.2

140.7

140.2

140.5

139.7

140.7

141.4

200.7

201.1

202.4

202.3

204.0

205.0

204.8

205.4

73.9

105.2

68.5

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Jan.
2000p

Dec.
1999r

236,828

237,734

239,306

2.5

199,020

199,414

200,486

2.3

1,213
13,248
39,832
23,997
15,835
13,691
14,117
34,417
14,432
68,070

1,217
12,928
39,743
23,949
15,794
13,810
14,186
34,775
14,547
68,207

1,237
13,332
39,858
24,048
15,810
13,947
14,261
34,720
14,629
68,502

37,808

38,320

38,820

1

Nov. 1999
to
Dec. 1999r

Dec. 1999
To
Jan. 2000p

0.4

0.7

-1.3
5.2
-1.0
-.6
-1.5
1.4
3.1
2.1
2.4
3.9

.3
-2.4
-.2
-.2
-.3
.9
.5
1.0
.8
.2

1.7
3.1
.3
.4
.1
1.0
.5
-.2
.6
.4

3.5

1.4

1.3

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:
ftp://ftp.bls.Qov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10.txt

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




Jan. 1999
to
Jan. 2000p

Nov.
1999r

64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1999

2000

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Jan.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$13.04 $13.06 $13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.50
14.53

14.56

14.61

14.67

14.75

14.85

14.90

14.90

14.93

14.97

14.99

15.03

15.09

17.07
16.80
13.64
12.93

16.97
16.83
13.67
12.97

17.00
16.92
13.71
13.00

16.87
16.97
13.79
13.09

17.05
17.08
13.85
13.13

16.96
17.16
13.95
13.20

17.23
17.18
14.02
13.26

17.12
17.15
14.03
13.28

17.09
17.21
14.04
13.29

17.09
17.27
14.07
13.33

16.93
17.31
14.06
13.32

17.03
17.42
14.08
13.35

17.03
17.46
14.13
13.39

12.56

12.58

12.63

12.65

12.68

12.73

12.77

12.79

12.85

12.89

12.90

12.95

13.00

15.49
14.36
8.93
14.46
13.17

15.51
14.36
8.95
14.49
13.22

15.53
14.42
8.98
14.51
13.27

15.60
14.44
9.03
14.58
13.28

15.65
14.48
9.04
14.60
13.33

15.65
14.56
9.06
14.62
13.38

15.70
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.42

15.70
14.63
9.13
14.63
13.44

15.76
14.74
9.15
14.70
13.49

15.76
14.80
9.18
14.72
13.55

15.81
14.81
9.20
14.73
13.55

15.93
14.87
9.27
14.75
13.59

15.84
14.95
9.27
14.90
13.65

7.83
8.73
7.54

7.84
8.74
7.56

7.86
8.76
7.58

7.83
8.74
7.53

7.85
8.78
7.55

7.89
8.84
7.58

7.88
8.84
7.58

7.87
8.82
7.57

7.86
8.79
7.56

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.87
8.80
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

451.18 451.88 452.30 452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 463.68 467.10
597.18 596.96 596.09 600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.09 614.73 620.20
732.30 729.71 729.30 738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07 756.70 757.09 753.67 748.31 752.73 766.35
663.60 659.74 651.42 655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.40 677.64 687.92
567.42 568.67 568.97 573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.30 585.73 589.22

Manufacturing

413.22 415.14 414.26 414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.06 427.70
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

608.76
551.42
258.97
(5)
430.66

607.99
552.86
261.34
(5)
432.29

607.22
553.73
260.42
(5)
432.60

608.40
554.50
261.87
(5)
431.60

608.79
559.10
263.65
(5)
436.19

607.59
561.02
264.81
(5)
437.49

610.73
561.79
264.77
(5)
439.49

608.34
567.49
263.52
(5)
439.77

606.76
571.28
265.30
(5)
443.09

603.94
568.70
265.88
(5)
444.44

611.71
572.50
269.76
(5)
444.39

270.98 271.40 271.33 269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91 271.47 270.30 271.58 271.46 271.48
358.67 358.53 357.58 357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32 362.58 361.17 361.71 363.53 359.91
248.18 249.33 248.51 247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34 249.14 248.08 248.55 248.46 249.45

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




607.22
554.58
263.06
(5)
433.23

4

611.42
577.07
268.83
(5)
446.36
(4)
(4)
(4)

Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
5

65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Production workers'
Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Total

128,028 125,291 130,627 130,729 128,136

-

-

-

-

-

Total private

107,686 105,379 109,918 110,052 107,863

88,188

85,940

90,034

90,146

87,998

432

412

405

402

Mining

570

547

531

530

521

393

10
101
102

49.6
8.2
14.6

49.4
8.2
14.6

48.5
8.4
14.9

48.3
8.4
14.8

48.1
_
-

37.7
6.8
10.9

37.4
6.8
10.9

37.0
7.2
11.4

37.0
7.2
11.4

_
-

12
122

90.4
84.3

88.7
82.9

82.3
76.3

82.5
76.6

80.6
-

74.2
68.9

73.6
68.5

68.1
62.9

68.3
63.2

-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

322.1
135.0
182.7

309.3
132.4
172.5

290.2
124.0
163.1

293.1
124.5
165.5

292.9

238.9
81.4
153.4

226.8
78.8
144.0

215.8
77.9
135.4

217.3
77.0
137.8

_
_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

107.6
42.4
35.1
11.5

100.0
39.1
31.9
11.5

109.8
43.8
36.8
11.5

105.7
42.0
34.8
11.5

99.2
_
_
-

81.4
32.9

74.1
30.0
_
-

84.0
34.4
_
-

79.7
32.6
_
-

_
_
_
-

6,068

5,695

6,489

6,290

6,021

4,694

4,320

5,050

4,845

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

,

Construction

-

-

_

4,584

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,396.0
709.3
27.5
659.2

1,348.8
692.9
27.0
628.9

1,464.8
756.5
29.5
678.8

1,443.8
741.4
29.5
672.9

1,407.6
_
_
-

975.0
475.4
10.8
488.8

927.3
459.0
10.7
457.6

1,024.5
514.5
12.1
497.9

1,002.1
499.5
11.7
490.9

_
-

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

826.4
232.9
593.5

728.2
184.7
543.5

900.3
281.4
618.9

832.6
235.4
597.2

759.5
_
-

689.5
186.5
503.0

591.9
139.6
452.3

757.0
232.7
524.3

688.3
187.4
500.9

_
-

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,845.9
848.2
199.7
751.8
514.8
284.9
255.7

3,617.6
832.3
182.3
738.0
482.1
276.5
219.9

4,124.1
880.9
219.2
789.4
555.4
296.2
276.0

4,013.2
879.4
207.9
789.9
540.7
293.5
262.9

3,854.1
_
_
_
—
_
-

3,029.1
627.6
163.9
595.6
445.5
216.5
202.2

2,801.2
611.8
146.5
580.7
411.8
207.4
166.7

3,268.3
650.2
183.0
624.6
483.2
224.9
218.5

3,154.6
648.7
170.8
624.1
468.1
221.2
206.0

_
-

18,636

18,472

18,403

18,370

18,266

12,818

12,679

12,653

12,625

12,540

11,096

10,998

10,976

10,974

10,926

7,590

7,505

7,507

7,507

7,468

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

821.8
80.0
182.5
141.7
37.9
314.9
125.5
90.2
28.6
27.6
54.5
101.4
78.2
88.5

812.0
76.3
180.3
139.7
37.8
314.3
125.1
90.4
28.7
27.5
54.3
99.0
77.0
87.8

832.1
78.5
179.1
138.0
38.3
329.8
131.1
96.2
29.5
28.2
55.0
100.4
75.2
89.3

828.2
77.0
179.3
138.3
38.2
328.9
130.7
96.5
28.9
28.3
54.9
99.3
74.2
88.8

820.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

674.3
63.0
158.9
123.0
33.6
252.8
97.4
73.0
24.3
24.8
46.7
80.8
65.3
72.1

665.0
59.7
156.9
121.1
33.6
251.5
96.8
73.0
24.3
24.7
46.5
79.0
64.4
71.4

682.3
63.4
155.7
119.4
34.1
264.0
102.3
78.0
25.0
24.7
46.9
79.3
62.4
73.0

678.3
62.5
156.1
119.8
34.0
262.1
101.3
78.2
24.4
24.7
46.8
78.1
61.3
72.7

671.4
_
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

536.7
284.7
130.2
89.9
18.5
34.2

534.2
283.9
129.5
89.9
18.7
33.9

544.7
287.7
130.5
92.0
18.9
34.7

544.9
288.6
130.8
92.1
19.1
34.8

543.2
_
_
_
—

428.5
241.9
113.1
76.6
15.5
26.6

426.2
241.1
112.5
76.5
15.7
26.3

434.6
245.5
113.7
78.9
15.9
27.1

434.5
246.5
114.0
78.9
16.3
27.2

432.9

See footnotes at end of table.




66

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

252
253
254
259

70.1
47.4
93.9
40.6

69.5
47.4
93.2
40.2

70.7
50.4
94.0
41.9

70.9
50.5
92.9
42.0

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

565.4
16.7
70.4
25.2
45.2
63.1
17.4
33.2
38.4
232.0
19.1
78.5
116.4
78.4
19.0
2.3
24.6

547.9
16.6
70.5
24.9
45.6
62.2
17.3
32.9
38.1
217.5
18.3
76.9
104.2
77.8
19.0
2.2
24.3

574.8
17.2
69.6
23.5
46.1
63.8
17.4
33.9
36.5
242.6
20.2
83.3
120.9
78.0
18.8
2.0
24.9

567.1
17.2
70.0
23.5
46.5
63.2
17.4
33.7
36.7
235.6
19.7
82.4
115.3
111
18.6
2.0
24.8

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

701.7
226.5
156.4
28.0
128.6
77.7
4.5
29.0
37.8
21.8
169.7
22.9
20.1
72.8
91.8
26.4

696.0
223.7
154.6
27.9
128.1
77.5
4.6
28.7
37.6
21.6
167.9
22.2
20.1
72.5
91.3
26.1

688.2
222.0
153.5
28.3
124.2
77.2
4.4
27.0
37.0
21.6
168.4
22.1
19.5
72.6
90.8
26.4

1,498.0
36.0
29.1
124.9
42.9
69.1
58.3
24.0
20.0
467.5
83.4
80.0
102.4
123.7
33.1
106.0
54.6
51.4
260.0
32.4
116.8
96.8

1,494.1
35.3
28.4
125.1
42.9
69.3
57.8
24.0
19.4
464.3
82.8
79.9
101.5
123.3
32.8
106.1
54.5
51.6
260.1
32.5
116.9
96.6

1,492.8
35.4
28.7
122.2
41.9
68.1
58.5
23.8
19.7
473.0
84.3
85.2
97.9
126.4
34.0
103.3
52.7
50.6
256.4
30.5
115.5
97.3

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
3446
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
3451
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
346
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee

See footnotes at end of table.




67

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

51.1
37.0
71.0
27.5

50.5
37.1
70.2
27.3

50.5
39.3
70.5
28.8

50.5
39.3
69.1
29.1

555.1
_
_
_
_
-

442.2
13.3
57.9
22.3
35.6
48.4
13.0
25.5
30.3
180.3
12.2
60.8
93.0
61.1
15.1
1.9
-

425.5
13.1
57.6
21.8
35.8
47.7
12.9
25.3
30.2
166.6
11.7
59.2
81.3
60.6
15.0
1.9
-

448.6
13.9
56.3
20.4
35.9
48.5
12.7
26.3
28.7
190.2
13.3
65.0
97.4
60.2
14.7
1.7
-

442.0
14.0
56.8
20.5
36.3
48.4
12.7
26.2
28.9
183.0
12.7
63.8
92.0
60.2
14.5
1.7
-

430.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

689.2
222.2
153.4
28.3
124.6
77.5
4.4
26.9
36.9
21.6
168.6
22.2
19.3
72.7
91.2
26.3

686.6
221.9
—
_
_
_
_
-

548.9
175.1
122.2
21.2
105.2
64.3
3.4
23.7
29.4
17.7
129.7
18.7
14.8
54.8
74.7
21.8

544.2
172.7
120.2
21.2
105.0
64.3
3.5
23.5
29.3
17.7
127.6
18.0
14.9
54.5
74.7
21.6

537.8
172.6
120.2
21.7
101.5
63.9
3.3
22.1
28.7
17.6
127.9
17.8
14.5
54.7
73.9
21.9

538.6
172.3
119.7
21.8
101.9
64.3
3.3
21.9
28.6
17.6
128.2
17.9
14.3
54.8
74.2
21.8

535.6
171.5
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,495.1
35.2
28.5
122.5
42.4
67.9
59.1
24.3
19.8
472.6
84.6
84.2
97.8
126.7
34.1
103.4
52.6
50.8
257.8
30.8
116.3
97.7

1,490.3
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
-

1,128.5
30.5
25.2
96.2
33.3
53.1
41.4
17.4
13.1
342.7
61.2
59.2
73.6
95.4
24.3
83.0
44.5
38.5
204.6
24.4
95.3
74.1

1,124.6
29.9
24.6
96.4
33.2
53.4
40.9
17.5
12.6
339.4
60.7
59.0
72.7
94.3
24.2
83.0
44.3
38.7
204.4
24.4
95.4
73.8

1,122.7
30.0
24.8
94.0
32.7
52.2
41.6
17.0
13.5
345.6
61.2
62.9
70.3
97.7
24.4
80.5
42.6
37.9
202.0
22.8
94.4
74.7

1,124.6
29.9
24.7
94.2
33.0
52.1
41.9
17.4
13.5
345.0
61.4
62.1
70.3
97.9
24.2
80.7
42.5
38.2
203.3
23.0
95.2
75.0

1,121.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
ooae

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

141.3
86.4
54.9
40.2
19.3
263.8
24.5
57.5

142.5
86.9
55.6
39.9
19.0
263.0
24.3
57.7

142.2
86.7
55.5
39.4
18.3
262.4
23.4
58.1

Dec.
1999P

142.1
86.8
55.3
39.5
18.2
262.9
23.4
57.9

Jan.
2000P

_
_
_
-

2,168.4 2,147.2 2,114.2 2,117.4 2,115.0
83.8
83.7
84.7
84.8
_
24.1
24.2
23.9
24.0
_
59.7
59.5
60.8
60.8
98.2
96.6
94.2
94.9
72.4
69.8
69.6
69.9
_
241.1
250.3
249.1
241.3
91.2
91.7
_
90.9
90.9
16.7
16.4
15.0
15.2
_
47.2
45.7
40.3
40.3
41.7
41.4
41.6
41.8
_
34.4
34.5
34.0
34.1
_
346.2
348.5
334.8
335.8
42.7
42.9
39.3
39.5
_
17.3
17.2
16.9
16.8
167.3
166.1
163.6
164.6
_
54.5
52.1
55.1
52.3
20.6
20.4
19.7
19.6
_
172.6
167.1
173.3
167.8
_
13.9
13.9
12.9
12.6
20.4
_
21.8
21.5
20.3
_
24.4
24.8
24.9
24.5
_
267.1
265.1
258.1
258.8
_
31.2
30.0
30.0
31.3
41.1
40.9
39.5
39.6
_
25.7
27.7
27.8
26.1
36.4
_
36.6
36.6
36.5
17.9
16.4
16.4
17.8
22.4
20.8
22.6
20.8
370.8
361.9
358.1
357.5
354.8
181.4
192.3
185.0
181.0
61.0
196.6
135.2
379.8
23.8
308.1

60.0
195.0
133.8
377.0
23.9
305.3

63.2
198.8
138.3
376.6
24.6
306.7

63.3
199.3
139.0
377.9
24.9
307.5

1,675.0
81.9
37.7
44.2
151.0
74,5
57.0
116.9
26.6
16.6
23.9

1,661.3
81.5
37.5
44.0
149.6
73.9
56.4
116.1
26.6
16.8
22.8

1,665.5
82.9
38.3
44.6
145.3
70.7
55.5
119.7
27.5
18.4
22.5

1,670.8
83.1
38.5
44.6
145.1
70.6
55.6
119.7
27.5
18.6
21.9

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

1987
Industry

68

_
_
1,668.7
_
_
_
_
-

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

113.9
70.3
43.6
24.1
9.1
192.1
17.5
43.5

115.2
71.0
44.2
23.8
9.0
191.6
17.5
43.6

114.0
70.3
43.7
22.9
8.7
192.1
17.3
44.2

113.8
70.3
43.5
23.0
8.8
192.8
17.3
44.2

1,371.5
54.8
13.4
41.4
70.2
50.5
160.7
61.7
9.7
30.2
22.5
24.1
248.8
26.8
10.8
127.6
39.4
14.9
95.3
8.9
12.1
14.9
169.8
18.1
31.6
14.5
25.5
13.1
16.0
146.5
73.0

1,358.1
55.1
13.4
41.7
68.3
47.7
159.6
61.9
9.5
29.4
22.3
23.9
246.7
26.5
10.7
126.7
39.0
14.8
94.9
8.9
12.1
14.9
168.7
17.9
31.5
14.2
25.4
13.0
15.8
144.2
71.4

1,330.1
56.2
12.5
43.7
65.7
48.4
151.4
61.3
8.4
23.9
21.1
23.6
239.3
24.2
10.2
125.3
37.3
14.7
88.7
8.3
11.2
14.5
164.5
17.2
30.5
15.5
25.8
11.9
14.5
145.2
77.1

1,334.2
56.4
12.5
43.9
66.3
48.2
151.4
61.1
8.6
24.0
21.4
23.6
239.2
24.0
10.2
126.0
37.0
14.6
88.4
8.1
11.2
14.7
165.0
17.2
30.5
15.5
26.2
11.9
14.6
146.2
78.7

23.4
140.1
101.6
285.3
19.2
235.9

23.2
138.0
99.8
282.6
19.2
233.5

23.3
141.0
103.3
278.1
19.3
230.7

23.6
141.4
103.8
279.9
19.5
231.8

1,045.3
55.1
25.3
29.8
103.7
56.9
32.9
93.8
21.5
14.0
17.7

1,037.6
55.0
25.4
29.6
103.5
56.8
33.1
93.2
21.6
14.3
16.5

1,034.4
56.6
27.2
29.4
99.6
54.4
32.0
99.5
24.2
16.6
16.9

1,038.5
57.0
27.6
29.4
99.4
54.4
32.0
99.7
24.0
16.9
16.0

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

_
_
_
_
1,339.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,035.4
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

180.5
19.4
61.0
20.0
21.8
82.8
55.7
277.1
124.1
639.9
19.8
271.6
144.9
144.9
26.0
63.6

178.2
19.4
60.5
19.8
21.3
81.2
54.7
275.0
122.2
635.8
19.6
268.2
144.1
143.9
26.1
62.9

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,893.9
1,002.3
348.9
43.3
550.2
40.0
520.8
267.3
103.5
150.0
166.8
105.5
61.3
37.6
89.0
61.1
55.7
22.4

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles ....
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

130.0
15.5
40.5
15.1
16.5
52.7
32.3
126.7
54.6
380.0
14.4
118.3
98.1
103.3
20.3
48.5

128.5
15.5
40.3
14.8
16.0
51.4
31.7
125.3
53.0
378.1
14.3
116.0
97.6
102.6
20.4
48.4

126.7
14.2
39.2
14.9
16.1
54.7
32.2
118.8
53.1
376.9
14.9
111.3
96.9
101.6
21.4
46.6

127.4
14.2
39.5
15.1
15.7
54.4
32.3
120.2
53.3
378.7
14.8
111.7
97.8
101.7
21.4
46.3

1,256.9
764.8
250.5
34.3
431.4
32.1
259.6
112.0
51.8
95.8
126.2
75.1
51.1
27.0
23.3
14.4
40.8
19.0

1,235.9
747.8
236.5
34.5
427.5
32.2
257.7
110.5
51.4
95.8
124.8
74.0
50.8
26.5
23.0
14.1
40.8
18.8

1,223.3
769.7
241.3
36.3
441.8
33.0
226.3
95.9
47.1
83.3
123.3
68.2
55.1
23.2
22.2
13.5
42.6
19.7

1,226.6
773.8
242.4
36.4
444.1
33.1
224.5
94.2
47.5
82.8
124.1
68.2
55.9
23.0
22.3
13.5
42.6
19.8

1,216.1
766.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

829.1
_
_
_
_
_
-

426.4
42.7
151.7
26.5
33.3
29.9
165.9
71.7
59.3
24.4
36.2
5.5

426.0
43.3
150.5
26.6
33.6
29.3
166.6
71.7
60.0
24.3
35.9
5.4

421.9
39.0
146.7
24.8
32.9
28.1
164.0
70.9
58.8
23.2
43.8
5.2

420.8
38.1
146.9
24.9
32.8
28.3
164.2
70.8
58.5
23.0
43.4
5.2

420.2
_

385.1
_
_
_
_
_
-

267.4
35.6
26.0
13.1
66.8
20.5
46.3
21.0
15.3
8.5
115.6
48.1

261.4
34.2
24.7
12.9
64.9
19.1
45.8
20.7
14.7
7.9
114.0
47.9

271.7
34.9
25.8
13.4
69.5
20.9
48.6
20.2
15.3
8.5
118.4
48.6

268.5
34.2
25.2
13.5
69.4
20.3
49.1
20.0
14.3
7.5
117.1
49.1

265.7
_

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

175.9
19.0
56.5
19.9
21.8
82.9
53.8
275.2
123.2
641.6
19.4
270.4
142.7
142.0
26.7
61.5

176.2
19.0
56.7
20.0
21.3
82.8
53.9
276.4
123.3
645.5
19.5
272.0
143.9
142.0
26.6
61.3

_
_
_
_
_
645.7
_
_
_
-

1,877.5
992.1
340.9
43.4
546.9
40.4
516.8
263.8
103.3
149.7
165.6
104.7
60.9
37.5
87.9
60.4
55.5
22.2

1,839.2
1,005.3
340.8
45.6
556.1
42.1
469.4
238.0
97.7
133.7
165.3
99.1
66.2
32.8
86.8
60.4
56.6
23.1

1,841.3
1,009.8
342.2
45.7
558.4
42.3
466.4
235.7
97.7
133.0
165.7
98.7
67.0
32.5
86.8
60.4
56.9
23.2

1,832.3
1,004.4
_
_
462.2
_
_
-

850.3
157.5
297.3
38.2
65.8
74.2
276.7
111.0
95.1
34.7
77.5
6.6

848.7
159.0
295.3
38.2
66.1
73.5
277.0
110.9
95.0
34.4
76.4
6.6

831.8
151.5
294.4
38.5
64.0
73.6
275.6
110.6
95.7
32.6
71.4
6.3

831.5
150.1
296.1
38.9
64.3
74.1
275.9
110.6
95.6
32.6
70.6
6.2

384.9
52.0
38.6
16.4
99.2
31.7
67.5
30.1
21.3
11.8
165.9
74.0

379.2
50.3
37.1
16.1
97.3
30.2
67.1
29.9
20.8
11.4
164.8
73.7

392.9
50.6
38.1
16.7
103.2
32.1
71.1
29.4
20.5
11.5
172.5
76.3

388.1
49.4
37.1
16.8
102.7
31.8
70.9
29.3
19.7
10.7
170.2
76.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

69

_
-

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

7,540
1,683.5
502.7
151.5
100.2
251.0
139.3
39.3
62.1
215.1
17.1
57.2
47.1
125.7
19.2
39.6
211.1
147.4

7,474
1,665.0
499.3
151.0
98.3
250.0
138.7
38.8
62.0
209.1
17.0
55.3
44.6
125.9
19.2
39.8
207.6
145.0

7,427
1,694.2
506.1
153.0
103.3
249.8
140.9
39.3
62.5
225.2
15.2
64.8
52.0
123.2
18.8
39.7
212.3
148.7

7,396
1,676.8
504.7
152.7
103.1
248.9
141.3
39.5
62.8
213.6
15.2
59.1
48.6
124.5
18.9
39.9
211.8
147.8

7,340
1,655.0
_
—
_
—
_
_
—

5,228
1,251.3
429.2
127.0
79.3
222.9
95.4
32.2
36.6
178.7
13.5
46.1
40.9
89.4
11.8
26.0
143.7
89.1

5,174
1,236.1
425.2
125.9
77.6
221.7
95.4
31.8
37.0
173.2
13.3
44.8
38.3
89.0
11.7
25.9
140.4
87.0

5,146
1,267.7
431.8
128.6
82.5
220.7
97.6
32.5
37.8
188.5
12.1
53.9
45.6
86.8
11.4
26.0
149.0
94.3

5,118
1,249.6
430.0
128.2
82.3
219.5
97.8
32.6
38.0
176.8
12.1
48.0
42.5
87.4
11.3
26.1
148.4
93.3

5,072
1,230.8
_
_
—
_
_
-

63.7
102.5
6.2
3.8
9.7
56.1
33.9
182.7
31.9
97.5
170.5

62.6
97.2
5.8
3.8
9.2
52.7
34.6
180.5
31.7
96.4
172.1

63.6
99.2
6.0
3.5
10.7
52.0
34.9
183.6
32.4
97.8
168.8

64.0
96.7
5.9
3.6
9.3
51.1
34.6
182.9
32.1
98.0
166.7

54.6
81.4
5.1
3.0
8.7
44.3
23.2
88.3
19.8
39.5
122.0

53.4
76.8
4.7
2.9
8.3
41.6
23.7
87.6
19.4
39.4
124.8

54.7
78.6
4.6
2.3
9.6
41.7
24.4
91.5
20.0
41.4
119.5

55.1
75.8
4.5
2.4
8.2
40.6
23.9
91.9
19.8
43.0
117.6

_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
-

_
_
_
—
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

42.6
25.7

42.7
25.7

40.9
25.9

41.9
26.0

41.4
-

33.5
19.0

33.5
18.8

29.5
17.1

30.3
17.1

29.7
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

583.0
68.9
62.2
11.7
21.3
150.9
16.9
36.2
44.3
10.8
22.0
62.8
29.3
19.5
65.5
85.3
61.8
16.8
54.4

577.3
68.9
61.3
11.7
21.2
148.6
16.5
35.5
43.9
10.1
22.0
62.2
29.0
19.2
65.1
84.6
61.1
16.8
53.7

553.8
62.7
58.9
9.5
21.2
137.3
15.8
34.0
37.3
9.2
20.7
61.0
29.3
18.5
67.6
82.0
58.8
16.7
53.6

551.0
62.8
59.0
9.5
21.1
135.8
15.9
33.8
36.3
8.9
20.5
60.6
28.7
18.6
66.7
82.2
59.1
16.6
53.3

545.4
_
_
—
—
—
_
-

492.2
61.7
53.0
9.8
17.4
127.0
14.5
31.4
37.3
9.6
18.2
51.8
24.1
15.9
54.6
75.0
54.8
14.3
41.9

488.0
61.7
52.1
9.7
17.3
125.5
14.2
30.7
37.8
8.9
18.0
51.6
24.1
15.7
54.3
74.5
54.1
14.4
41.3

468.0
56.1
50.2
8.0
17.3
115.5
13.8
29.4
31.6
8.0
17.3
50.5
24.2
15.1
55.9
73.0
52.5
14.8
41.5

465.9
56.2
50.3
8.0
17.3
114.4
13.9
29.2
31.1
7.7
17.1
50.5
23.9
15.3
55.1
73.2
52.7
14.8
40.9

460.9
_
_
-

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

723.5
25.4
172.4
32.9
60.1
28.0
213.7
19.3
31.0
18.1
145.3

709.6
24.9
168.0
32.2
58.2
27.2
210.1
19.3
30.4
17.4
143.0

665.4
22.7
149.1
25.6
50.7
25.2
197.2
17.2
30.1
15.0
134.9

656.2
22.5
148.7
26.7
50.1
25.1
191.5
15.4
29.5
14.3
132.3

647.9
_
_
—
_
—

578.5
20.4
144.4
28.2
51.6
24.2
166.7
14.3
23.5
13.7
115.2

566.5
19.8
140.6
27.5
50.2
23.5
164.2
14.2
23.1
13.3
113.6

529.5
17.9
122.8
21.2
42.8
21.6
152.8
12.3
23.0
10.7
106.8

521.3
17.9
121.9
22.1
42.0
21.3
148.3
10.8
22.6
10.4
104.5

515.2
—

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

,

See footnotes at end of table.




70

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

29.5
21.8
7.7
22.8
8.8
30.1
213.2
17.5
55.2
61.3

29.0
21.3
7.7
22.1
8.7
30.4
210.1
17.4
54.1
60.1

25.7
18.6
7.1
20.5
7.8
29.8
205.3
17.6
52.9
60.1

25.3
18.3
7.0
19.7
7.7
29.4
204.2
17.6
52.7
59.2

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

666.8
152.5
47.3
217.6
132.2
17.3
46.6
237.7
45.7
38.9
23.6

662.4
151.2
47.2
215.6
131.6
16.9
46.0
236.6
44.9
38.5
23.8

655.3
145.8
46.2
214.5
131.9
16.8
45.4
237.6
43.7
38.0
24.3

655.0
145.8
46.3
215.2
132.4
17.1
45.6
236.5
43.9
37.9
24.2

653.1

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,569.5
444.6
139.7
125.7
85.9
39.8
92.2
584.6
380.4
183.8
41.0
62.9
49.7

1,557.9
440.4
139.2
124.9
85.7
39.2
92.3
581.3
379.3
182.0
41.3
61.9
49.4

1,554.2
445.0
141.2
122.6
84.9
37.7
92.9
577.3
374.8
182.7
39.7
60.2
48.2

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

1,040.8
113.2
68.5
154.3
78.4
42.2
284.3
223.2
154.1
39.4
40.7
74.0
52.4
137.0
22.2
112.5
51.9
93.6

1,035.2
112.9
68.3
153.3
78.4
41.3
285.2
223.8
150.5
39.3
40.6
70.6
52.5
135.9
21.8
111.8
51.7
93.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

138.3
95.0
28.6

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

1,012.9
78.0
5.8
70.5
29.6
112.0
746.6

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

23.6
17.4
6.2
18.6
7.8
23.8
168.1
13.6
46.5
47.6

23.2
16.9
6.3
17.9
7.7
23.8
165.4
13.5
45.4
46.1

20.8
14.9
5.9
16.9
6.7
23.3
163.1
14.0
44.9
46.7

20.5
14.7
5.8
16.3
6.7
23.0
161.6
14.0
44.7
45.4

_
-

507.1
119.3
36.3
168.7
98.8
15.5
37.7
173.4
22.1
30.3
18.2

503.2
118.3
36.3
167.1
98.5
15.2
37.2
172.1
21.6
29.9
18.3

497.6
113.8
35.5
167.3
99.6
15.1
36.8
172.1
19.9
29.8
18.5

498.2
114.1
35.7
168.1
100.1
15.4
37.0
171.3
19.9
29.9
18.4

496.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,556.6
446.2
142.3
123.6
85.2
38.4
93.0
577.7
374.9
183.1
39.7
60.3
48.0

1,545.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

845.1
148.8
44.6
59.1
27.6
31.5
45.0
416.7
271.7
129.1
27.8
47.7
33.1

834.8
146.3
43.6
58.4
27.5
30.9
45.1
413.4
270.3
127.5
27.9
47.1
32.9

828.9
149.4
46.6
56.1
26.7
29.4
44.7
408.7
266.3
127.0
26.5
45.2
31.5

830.6
150.8
47.7
56.6
26.8
29.8
44.7
409.1
266.4
127.4
26.5
45.2
31.2

822.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,032.0
110.3
66.8
150.0
76.8
40.1
293.5
230.7
153.5
40.5
39.4
73.6
53.0
130.7
20.4
108.0
50.7
90.3

1,031.1
110.5
67.1
148.8
76.7
40.1
294.5
231.7
152.8
40.4
39.1
73.3
52.7
130.3
20.4
107.6
50.7
90.8

1,029.2
_
_
_
_
_
-

585.3
64.2
36.4
100.9
47.5
33.4
128.4
103.2
95.9
22.9
22.9
50.1
27.4
79.9
13.5
64.7
31.2
57.4

581.9
63.1
36.5
100.3
47.5
32.8
129.8
104.5
93.7
23.1
22.9
47.7
27.8
78.6
13.0
63.9
31.1
57.5

585.7
57.2
36.0
99.2
45.9
31.9
136.9
111.2
102.4
29.6
22.6
50.2
27.6
76.7
12.0
63.1
30.3
55.4

587.1
58.3
36.7
99.1
46.1
31.9
137.0
111.1
102.1
29.6
22.5
50.0
27.4
76.7
12.0
63.1
30.7
55.8

587.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

134.1
94.0
25.3

137.0
90.4
31.7

133.5
90.4
28.2

131.9
-

91.2
62.1
21.0

87.8
61.6
18.2

89.8
57.7
24.1

85.0
56.0
21.1

81.1
-

1,012.8
78.1
5.7
70.2
29.6
112.1
746.7

1,021.8
76.7
5.4
70.0
29.6
111.3
758.4

1,023.0
76.4
5.5
69.9
29.7
111.2
760.0

1,019.9
_
_
_
-

785.5
57.6
4.3
54.0
23.2
85.8
583.8

785.6
58.1
4.2
54.1
23.4
85.5
583.7

796.0
58.4
4.0
54.0
23.2
85.9
593.7

798.3
59.1
4.1
53.9
23.3
85.8
595.4

796.6
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




Dec.
1999P

Dec.
1998

71

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

_
_
_
-

_
—
_

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Production workers'
Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Jan.
2000P

58.5
9.5
26.8
14.6
6.7
6.0
4.7

56.8
9.3
26.4
14.5
6.4
5.4
4.5

53.3
8.7
23.9
13.2
5.7
5.7
3.6

52.0
8.6
23.1
13.1
5.6
5.7
3.4

51.4
_
_
_
_
-

5,615

5,524

5,725

5,766

5,651

78.8
11.6
33.6
19.0
8.3
8.7
8.4

76.9
11.4
32.9
18.8
7.8
8.4
8.3

72.2
10.6
30.5
17.5
6.9
7.7
7.2

71.2
10.7
29.6
17.4
6.7
7.8
7.1

70.4
_

6,747

6,646

6,908

6,948

6,839

4,408

4,306

4,521

4,562

4,453

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

_
_
-

Dec.
1999P

-

_

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

40
4011

230.8
205.2

230.7
205.1

226.5
199.6

226.3
199.4

224.6
-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

490.6
237.6
31.2
27.6
160.1

483.2
236.7
31.0
27.1
156.9

503.0
244.8
31.9
28.9
163.1

502.6
245.2
31.8
28.7
163.4

498.9
-

448.9
215.2
24.4
-

443.1
214.4
24.1
-

462.5
222.4
25.5
-

462.1
222.5
25.3
-

_
-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air ..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,779.5
1,602.0
171.9

1,746.5
1,570.9
170.3

1,851.4
1,661.3
184.3

1,843.6
1,653.2
184.1

1,807.0
-

1,560.1
1,411.1
144.0

1,526.0
1,379.1
142.1

1,625.9
1,467.0
153.6

1,618.3
1,459.4
153.2

_
-

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

177.4
15.4
117.0

173.3
15.1
113.4

178.4
15.0
119.1

176.3
15.0
116.5

170.9
-

_
101.9

_
_
98.1

_
_
104.0

_

_
-

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,252.8
1,072.8
544.9
132

1,198.9
1,018.7
543.6
132

1,276.8
1,090.3
569.2
136

1,327.7
1,139.2
573.7
138

1,269.0
—
-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

13.8

13.7

12.9

13.1

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

463.1
219.8
172.6
189.2

459.8
219.0
172.3
188.5

472.2
220.6
173.1
200.5

2,339

2,340

1,489.2
1,019.6
860.1
247.0
117.3
129.7
186.1

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

101.3

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

13.2

11.2

11.2

10.7

10.5

-

472.6
219.5
172.5
202.1

468.9
_
_
-

379.0
184.2
144.8
149.8

375.6
183.5
144.3
148.8

387.2
184.3
144.9
160.6

387.5
183.5
144.4
161.7

_
-

2,387

2,386

2,386

1,494.6
1,026.8
866.2
246.9
116.6
130.3
184.6

1,547.3
1,065.6
903.2
249.1
117.6
131.5
194.1

1,547.7
1,064.0
900.2
249.8
117.8
132.0
195.7

1,550.8

850.0
362.3
134.9
157.5
162.1

845.2
361.2
133.7
155.1
162.2

839.9
357.7
129.2
152.8
166.6

838.7
357.7
129.7
150.5
167.2

6,899

6,868

7,084

4,074
521.8
154.0
288.6
169.6
81.7
87.9

4,065
521.0
153.3
289.1
168.4
82.0
86.4

4,193
533.6
160.4
293.5
174.4
83.5
90.9

See footnotes at end of table.




-

72

-

-

-

-

-

1,090.9
723.0
600.2
201.7
151.1

1,103.1
737.2
612.6
201.0
150.2

1,104.3
728.3
601.1
202.8
156.5

1,111.7
733.1
604.1
203.3
158.0

_
-

835.3
_
-

683.0
294.6
104.4
124.1
133.7

680.3
293.3
103.9
122.8
134.3

672.2
285.0
102.1
121.4
137.2

674.2
285.7
102.7
121.5
137.8

_
-

7,080

7,046

5,531

5,500

5,672

5,667

5,626

4,200
534.4
160.9
294.2
175.1
84.0
91.1

4,185
_
_
_
—

3,214
413.3
_
136.4
—

3,209
411.8
_
134.6
—

3,311
422.5
_
138.0
—

3,320
423.0
_
139.1
—

_
_
—

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

220.3
_
_
737.9
_
157.6
123.5
402.4
_
_
249.6
_
665.1
_
265.6
-

217.3
_
_
748.3
_
160.8
123.3
400.4
_
_
248.3
_
662.8
_
_
261.7
-

234.0
—
803.3
166.8
125.6
399.3
_
_
251.5
669.0
267.7
-

231.2
_
_
809.3
_
167.8
126.0
400.0
_
_
251.8
_
670.7
_
_
268.4
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,317
237.1
_
206.4
184.1
787.1
_
87.8
113.8
128.4
—
128.1
443.7
-

2,291
235.7
_
207.5
182.5
778.4
_
_
86.5
114.8
127.4
_
_
126.1
432.1
-

2,361
240.2
_
218.5
183.7
795.4
_
_
_
92.0
115.4
125.5
_
_
133.4
_
456.4
-

2,347
240.6
_
220.5
178.9
792.7
_
_
87.1
116.0
125.6
—
_
133.9
451.7
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

22,632

20,407

19,415

20,505

20,864

19,894

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

262.3
134.6
39.2
952.0
205.9
403.3
198.0
153.3
549.0
233.0
49.4
266.6
303.3
110.2
119.0
831.1
92.4
119.3
333.6
155.6
324.3
118.8

281.0
141.2
43.8
1,005.6
212.1
433.0
208.6
156.7
562.0
243.1
51.3
267.6
308.5
109.3
123.6
839.2
94.0
121.4
332.3
158.5
331.9
122.1

278.8
141.2
43.3
1,010.3
213.0
434.9
209.7
157.5
561.4
244.2
51.8
265.4
308.6
109.1
123.9
841.3
93.9
121.4
333.2
159.4
332.7
122.5

—
_
_
_
_
—
_
—
_
_
_
-

2,825
285.0
169.2
247.4
226.7
937.4
287.1
57.7
106.1
108.5
156.2
155.8
64.1
91.7
157.9
99.7
58.2
550.1
159.9

2,803
284.0
167.9
248.4
224.5
929.6
286.4
56.9
104.5
107.6
158.0
154.9
63.6
91.3
156.2
99.1
57.1
539.3
160.2

2,891
291.8
173.3
264.9
227.3
945.5
288.9
58.2
101.4
112.6
162.1
152.9
62.4
90.5
166.4
103.1
63.3
567.3
162.3

2,880
291.7
173.1
267.9
223.9
943.7
288.4
58.6
98.8
107.8
162.8
152.6
62.4
90.2
167.0
103.4
63.6
562.3
160.0

2,861
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

23,174

22,155

23,258

23,629

Jan.
1999

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

266.0
135.3
40.3
944.6
206.1
398.9
195.3
153.4
550.9
232.1
48.9
269.9
306.3
111.4
120.2
833.1
92.9
119.1
335.6
155.6
328.5
119.7

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers'

All employees
Dec.
1998

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

951.5
577.6
64.3
169.1
95.1

918.4
568.0
63.7
164.6
78.1

995.1
612.6
68.3
170.3
99.5

989.7
607.7
67.4
172.1
98.8

959.3
_
_
—
-

790.3
487.4
48.3
140.3
78.4

758.0
477.9
47.6
136.2
61.9

829.5
521.7
50.4
141.8
82.4

824.4
516.1
49.7
144.3
81.7

_
_
_
_
-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

3,062.2
2,718.7
135.8
207.7

2,782.8
2,475.3
117.5
190.0

2,970.2
2,647.9
126.7
195.6

3,097.8
2,756.3
136.0
205.5

2,788.7
2,472.2
_
-

2,866.7
2,568.5
116.3
181.9

2,592.8
2,327.2
101.0
164.6

2,800.0
2,517.0
109.7
173.3

2,921.5
2,620.0
118.4
183.1

_
_
_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,551.6
3,100.2
55.4
14.7
213.5

3,465.3
3,057.5
46.6
13.3
204.9

3,514.2
3,081.8
48.6
15.3
207.5

3,545.3
3,098.1
53.0
16.3
209.2

3,465.7
_
_
-

3,220.1
2,831.5
_
186.0

3,134.0
2,787.9
_
_
177.2

3,180.4
2,807.8
_
_
180.2

3,210.0
2,821.8
—

_
_
_

182.6

-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,359.0
1,055.6

2,346.7
1,054.5

2,421.1
1,095.6

2,418.7
1,093.4

2,410 6
1,093.0

1,952.8
884.8

1,941.8
883.9

2,007.6
919.4

2,007.9
917.2

-

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

553
554
559

403.4
695.9
9.6

399.6
690.4
10.0

406.7
700.6
10.0

405.7
704.0
10.0

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,250.4
88.3
291.0
441.7
224.2

1,156.0
83.3
272.4
391.3
216.6

1,251.5
79.9
293.4
443.6
226.2

1,304.9
86.5
300.7
466.1
235.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,093.5
553.7
316.5
69.2
470.6
203.6
96.8

1,063.8
538.0
312.4
68.7
457.1
195.8
89.8

1,118.5
565.9
327.9
68.9
483.7
212.9
94.0

Eating and drinking places

58

7,808.5

7,506.8

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

3,097.2
59
666.0
591
114.2
592
123.4
593
1,159.7
594
204.6
5941
154.5
5942
98.1
5943
5944
161.6
5947
260.5
49.7
5949
378.4
596
260.1
5961
67.4
5962
99.1
598
556.4
599
5992,3,4
162.6
71.3
5995
322.5
5999

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate 3
Finance

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

303.3
601.8
7.8

301.9
595.6
8.2

320.7
592.6
8.3

321.6
596.8
8.3

_
-

1,212.9
_
_
-

1,062.0
72.7
243.5
400.0
178.3

969.6
67.7
226.0
349.5
170.0

1,049.3
64.7
242.4
393.2
179.9

1,100.9
70.9
250.4
414.0
188.8

_
_
-

1,146.3
578.7
331.3
69.5
498.1
219.0
101.4

1,113.4
_
_
_
-

909.1
454.0
56.1
399.0
172.2
84.8

879.3
439.3
55.9
384.1
164.2
76.3

931.0
465.0
56.3
409.7
178.7
81.1

960.3
477.7
57.0
425.6
184.9
89.2

_
_
-

7,868.8

7,917.8

7,656.7

6,997.3

6,706.7

7,067.3

7,113.0

-

2,915.6
665.2
108.8
123.2
1,048.4
192.2
148.7
97.2
157.7
234.0
48.8
341.5
224.1
66.8
100.8
527.7
150.1
70.0
307.6

3,118.7
691.0
112.4
129.5
1,129.5
204.4
148.8
96.5
162.2
254.9
47.5
383.1
266.4
67.5
100.3
572.9
161.3
74.1
337.5

3,208.6
694.1
114.7
129.3
1,197.6
211.9
156.9
97.0
170.5
264.7
46.9
385.7
268.4
67.4
101.6
585.6
170.7
73.6
341.3

3,024.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,608.9
556.0
_
102.9
992.0

2,433.1
556.9
_
102.6
883.5

2,639.4
598.0
_
108.6
961.0

2,725.8
601.5
_
108.2
1,025.6

_
324.0
_
81.7
458.6
57.1
263.8

288.5
_
83.6
429.5
54.8
248.7

_
328.2
_
82.4
469.5
57.3
275.2

_
331.1
_
83.6
482.1
56.0
279.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

7,522

7,514

7,652

7,667

7,616

5,518

5,510

5,582

5,593

3,664

3,669

3,715

3,727

3,707

2,046.9
1,468.5
587.4
881.1
256.6
149.8
106.8
181.6

2,047.6
1,468.4
588.7
879.7
257.4
149.8
107.6
182.3

2,038.2
1,456.8
593.1
863.7
252.5
147.1
105.4
188.4

2,041.9
1,460.2
594.6
865.6
252.0
146.5
105.5
189.5

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

-

-

-

-

2,036.2
1,455.1
_
249.6
_
-

1,469.8
1,038.9
422.2
616.7
_
145.0

1,470.5
1,038.9
423.2
615.7
_
145.4

1,466.8
1,033.5
426.1
607.4
_
149.9

1,472.1
1,037.7
427.6
610.1
_
151.0

_
_
_
_
-

481.4
106.5
-

483.7
106.4
-

471.3
104.7
-

472.7
105.2
-

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

699.8
188.2
129.3
360.0

704.2
189.7
131.0
359.9

708.3
195.6
133.6
355.3

711.3
197.3
134.7
355.0

701.6
_
347.8

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

660.2
492.7

660.5
492.8

697.3
520.4

701.8
523.3

702.6
-

622,3
628

26.4
141.1

26.2
141.5

25.5
151.4

25.8
152.7

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

257.3
110.9

256.4
111.8

271.5
117.4

271.8
118.5




5,539

-

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

74

Jan.
2000P

-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

See footnotes at end of table.

Dec.
1999P

_
-

266.8
-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_
101.6

_
102.3

96.0

_
96.6

_

_

_

_

_

—

—

—

—

—

_
-

—
-

_
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

1987
SIC
Code

63,64

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

2,411

2,418

2,401

1,623.9
540.3
363.9
296.1
548.7
94.0

1,636.8
550.9
369.1
302.0
555.7
84.1

1,640.0
551.7
370.2
303.4
557.6
83.2

1,628.1

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

2,379

2,378

1,623.8
538.8
364.0
296.2
551.5
92.2

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

1,236.7
363.2
291.3
241.4
444.5

1,238.1
364.8
290.6
240.5
443.5

1,250.3
373.9
295.0
244.2
450.5

1,255.1
376.2
296.6
245.9
452.6

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

755.4

754.1

774.4

778.4

773.2

65
651
653
655

1,479
586.6
734.7
117.7

1,467
578.8
731.4
116.2

1,526
581.0
777.8
128.5

1,522
580.2
778.5
124.0

1,508

38,070

37,482

39,593

39,538

38,922

33,173

32,580

34,442

34,384

571.6
165.4
361.2

527.8
165.4
317.4

651.6
172.0
436.5

598.6
172.4
383.7

1,456.6

1,431.9

1,481.3

1,474.1

385.2

379.9

384.6

383.5

370.9

364.8

374.5

376.8

130.7

212.9

124.2

141.4

7,881.2
196.1

7,623.9
194.0

8,373.5
206.5

8,367.5
206.5

69.2
854.3
69.8
784.5
206.2
30.4
42.6
133.2

68.7
848.5
69.6
778.9
199.6
29.9
41.8
127.9

70.3
894.4
73.2
821.2
219.8
32.1
44.9
142.8

69.6
889.9
72.4
817.5
216.9
31.9
43.9
141.1

2,879.4
1,361.7
333.5

2,663.0
1,377.8
337.0

3,094.2
1,461.5
346.0

3,084.4
1,467.3
346.8

137.7

138.9

145.1

146.5

81.7
45.2
1,648.5
560.6
51.0

83.0
45.2
1,626.2
555.3
52.3

91.7
47.4
1,718.2
591.2
53.5

92.5
47.5
1,721.2
596.1
53.0

932.5
165.2
109.0
64.5
501.1
183.0
204.7

930.5
163.1
107.3
62.6
504.5
185.2
205.9

978.9
168.8
113.8
67.1
538.8
191.5
227.8

977.6
169.5
113.4
67.8
538.1
192.7
227.6

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers
Services
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

682.0
195.9
432.0

633.7
195.7
383.8

774.6
204.0
518.0

718.5
204.2
462.0

665.2

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,705.2
1,661.9

1,679.7
1,636.9

1,742.0
1,694.3

1,730.4
1,686.0

1,693.8

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,184.7
438.0
55.3
420.3
99.4
157.0

1,250.0
432.2
45.7
415.2
100.1
242.4

1,184.4
437.0
61.2
423.8
99.8
149.2

1,201.2
436.6
57.5
426.2
100.4
167.0

1,278.3

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services ....
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,902.9
274.3
180.1
148.3
322.0
82.4
958.4
87.0
871.4
259.7
39.9
50.4
169.4
3,350.2
375.4
2,974.8
1,693.8
390.2
265.6
187.6
268.3
106.8
61.3
1,896.2
609.1
62.7
82.2

8,642.5
272.4
178.7
146.9
319.0
82.2
956.7
87.0
869.7
252.6
38.8
49.5
164.3
3,117.4
361.7
2,755.7
1,709.3
393.3
272.3
190.0
268.6
109.1
61.3
1,868.2
602.6
64.1
75.5

9,471.5
289.4
190.6
152.3
328.6
85.5
1,004.6
91.6
913.0
272.0
39.4
52.6
180.0
3,616.1
410.9
3,205.2
1,831.2
412.7
308.3
202.1
282.0
122.1
61.8
1,977.3
642.3
63.5
85.9

9,467.5 9,220.6
289.2
191.1
154.2
328.6
84.9
997.9
989.8
90.7
907.2
269.1
39.1
51.7
178.3
3,610.7 3,371.8
413.8
3,196.9 2,980.4
1,839.9 1,857.1
413.2
312.7
202.8
282.6
123.5
61.8
1,977.9
647.3
62.9
84.6

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,157.7
203.1
133.1
74.1
645.3
225.6
274.6

1,155.2
201.3
131.6
72.2
647.2
228.5
274.7

1,194.9
208.0
138.7
76.6
673.5
235.7
287.5

1,193.5
208.9
138.2
77.2
672.3
236.6
287.0

See footnotes at end of table.




75

1,184.3

Jan.
2000P

33,771

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
EM 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

754
7542

235.2
125.0

234.5
125.9

236.8
136.9

235.1
135.1

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

389.4
114.7

387.4
114.3

401.1
120.8

402.9
122.1

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

581.1
258.7
137.6
167.5

570.1
247.7
137.7
167.6

606.4
273.0
138.6
174.3

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,479.4
86.9
1,078.3
180.3
303.3

1,417.5
86.5
1,035.8
181.8
263.7

1,567.6
86.7
1,145.1
194.2
328.1

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

Legal services

81

9,914.6
1,837.0
658.2
454.1
166.4
1,758.9
1,347.7
200.5
210.7
3,954.9
3,650.8
81.1
223.0
200.0
653.9
988.4

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

201.7
110.9

200.3
111.2

204.2
121.5

202.2
119.6

-

398.7
-

318.8
-

316.5
-

328.1
-

328.8
-

-

614.6
271.0
146.1
177.1

605.6
_
-

488.4
216.3
_
135.9

476.4
206.3
_
135.5

511.5
234.1
_
140.0

518.6
230.2
_
143.7

_
_
-

1,560.7
87.6
1,145.2
195.6
319.8

1,495.7
_
_
-

1,276.2
77.7
930.4
159.9
263.4

1,213.3
77.1
887.1
161.0
224.1

1,352.5
76.9
989.3
173.7
283.7

1,345.8
77.8
989.2
175.3
276.5

_
_
-

Dec.
1999P

-

9,876.4 10037.9 10053.1 10029.8
1,836.5 1,885.3 1,889.6 1,888.1
674.2
675.5
656.5
_
459.2
458.3
449.0
_
167.6
168.6
164.6
1,751.0 1,759.4 1,761.3 1,755.8
_
1,340.9 1,345.4 1,346.6
202.2
202.3
199.6
211.7
212.5
210.5
3,945.6 3,981.0 3,985.3 3,985.9
3,641.2 3,667.8 3,670.6
—
82.8
82.5
80.5
230.7
231.9
223.9
204.7
204.3
200.5
663.6
652.9
662.6
640.3
983.7

1,011.3

1,013.7

1,010.6

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

_

-

8,774.5
1,509.3
573.4
377.0
_
1,580.2
_
180.0
3,622.8
601.5

8,741.7
1,509.1
573.1
374.6
_
1,572.5
_
178.8
3,613.5
589.0

8,891.5
1,552.8
590.5
382.2
_
1,581.2
_
180.6
3,648.4
609.1

8,904.3
1,557.8
591.9
383.2
_
1,582.2
_
179.9
3,650.1
609.9

_
_
-

789.3

786.1

806.2

807.8

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,342.0
687.1
1,370.2
92.3

2,167.9
681.2
1,212.2
88.4

2,484.4
722.5
1,452.8
100.1

2,427.0
722.7
1,397.5
99.4

2,234.2
_
-

_
_
-

Social services

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,714.9
737.2
370.3
629.8
760.0
217.6

2,701.8
729.5
368.3
627.8
760.2
216.0

2,849.0
771.6
390.6
659.5
794.9
232.4

2,857.9
774.5
393.3
658.6
800.0
231.5

2,847.9
659.1
797.0
-

2,351.1
640.4
320.1
555.7
658.7
176.2

2,335.0
632.8
317.9
552.7
657.8
173.8

2,456.5
668.6
333.4
580.3
687.0
187.2

2,465.6
671.8
335.9
579.6
691.6
186.7

91.6

86.0

93.3

93.2

87.0

-

-

-

-

-

_
45.5
-

_
48.7
-

_
49.0
-

_
-

2,490.6
749.8
572.0
128.9
48.9
459.9

2,596.2
784.1
600.0
132.9
51.2
459.4

2,618.5
785.4
600.8
133.5
51.1
465.0

Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,366.1
110.1
62.8
147.3
447.8

2,347.0
109.6
62.7
141.5
435.2

2,395.1
112.7
66.9
145.9
463.3

2,404.4
113.3
67.6
150.6
465.2

2,379.7
-

_
45.6
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,277.1
919.1
692.9
164.4
61.8
642.0

3,291.0
915.5
690.6
164.5
60.4
658.7

3,483.9
958.1
724.5
170.2
63.4
669.6

3,503.0
959.6
725.5
170.6
63.5
671.7

3,493.8
960.2
_
-

2,488.5
754.7
575.6
128.7
50.4
446.8

See footnotes at end of table.




76

_
—

—
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
4

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

627.7
235.4
146.7
145.3
1,088.3
360.9
401.5
44.1

627.7
237.3
145.9
144.7
1,089.1
359.8
404.0
45.0

659.5
248.9
152.2
154.3
1,196.7
393.6
447.4
49.6

659.4
248.5
153.0
154.3
1,212.3
397.5
454.2
49.5

55.2

54.7

58.1

58.5

59.1

20,342

19,912

20,709

20,677

20,273

2,675

2,641

1,767.4

2,739

2,677

2,642

4

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,677.3
652.7
937.1
1,087.5
30.2
31.1

2,616.2
646.9
875.3
1,094.0
30.0
31.2

2,580.6
629.7
876.1
1,074.8
30.3
31.5

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,801.5

1,802.1

1,766.3

1,760.7

3731

48.5
21.2

48.1
21.2

46.4
20.7

46.1
20.4

806

13.5
343.7
221.4

13.4
341.1
221.0

13.5
341.6
215.9

13.5
340.4
216.0

4,733
86.9
52.4
2,758.0
348.9
2,042.1
210.5

4,580
86.8
52.7
2,599.1
348.9
1,880.2
210.9

4,865
86.7
53.1
2,849.3
347.8
2,125.2
211.4

4,819
86.8
52.6
2,804.8
345.8
2,083.7
211.4

156.5

159.1

164.9

163.9

1,836.1
2,691.3

1,841.2
2,699.6

1,875.5
2,739.4

1,875.2
2,735.7

12,870
452.4
8,656.0
640.7
7,489.6
141.0

12,655
452.2
8,467.8
639.9
7,307.4
139.7

13,202
459.2
8,900.7
650.0
7,697.4
139.8

13,183
461.7
8,887.5
650.9
7,690.3
140.3

384.7

380,8

413.5

406.0

3,762.0
5,380.8

3,735.2
5,347.8

3,841.7
5,504.2

3,833.6
5,492.5

Federal Government

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

806
82

806
82

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers \n construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Jan.
2000P

1,203.3

Dec.
1999P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

480.1
162.0
122.8
113.7
806.9
269.2
293.4
29.2

476.0
162.1
119.6
113.4
804.9
267.0
294.8
29.7

475.7
144.3
126.0
121.1
877.0
291.1
321.4
32.5

476.7
144.3
127.3
121.1
891.4
295.4
327.7
32.1

43.4

43.1

45.3

45.9

Jan.
2000P

4,651

1,917.6

2,733.0
12,981

7,517.3

5,463.2

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Oct.
1998

Nov.
1998

Sept.
1999

Oct.
1999

Nov.
1999

61,716

62,102

62,499

63,105

63,513

50,337

50,581

51,254

51,461

51,739

6,739

6,713

6,662

6,651

6,638

83

82

76

75

74

683

681

717

718

714

5,973

5,950

5,869

5,858

5,850

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,958
146.5
168.5
105.7
104.3
339.3
472.1
688.5
407.7
353.8
171.6

2,954
147.3
168.6
105.1
103.9
338.8
471.3
686.6
408.6
352.4
170.9

2,923
151.1
172.9
102.4
100.2
338.6
461.4
675.1
402.5
347.2
171.9

2,929
151.6
174.1
102.0
100.3
339.5
462.7
676.4
402.4
346.3
173.2

2,933
152.0
174.8
102.6
100.6
340.3
466.1
677.1
400.6
346.6
172.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,015
568.8
14.0
274.2
542.2
162.5
705.2
335.2
24.5
345.7
43.0

2,996
562.5
14.0
271.7
531.3
161.6
706.6
335.3
24.7
346.1
42.5

2,946
583.5
12.8
256.6
484.0
161.1
698.1
337.7
24.2
349.8
38.5

2,929
570.7
13.3
255.6
479.7
160.5
698.9
336.9
23.7
351.0
38.6

2,917
562.4
13.3
255.2
474.7
160.8
700.4
337.0
23.2
351.3
38.4

54,977

55,389

55,837

56,454

56,875

Transportation and public utilities

2,034

2,035

2,103

2,113

2,132

Wholesale trade

2,126

2,132

2,170

2,183

2,192

11,866

12,105

12,046

12,040

12,291

4,688

4,702

4,781

4,776

4,781

Services

22,884

22,894

23,492

23,698

23,705

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,379
1,140
2,443
7,796

11,521
1,146
2,459
7,916

11,245
1,124
2,412
7,709

11,644
1,119
2,502
8,023

11,774
1,128
2,520
8,126

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

1,937.4
483.1
178.7
231.2
164.9
82.6

1,946.5
485.6
180.1
235.1
170.2
84.6

1,948.5
487.5
180.2
236.2
171.3
84.9

265.1
130.2

271.7
132.2

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,150.6
1,515.7
336.4

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

10.2
2.5

106.0
29.6
6.2
19.0
8.7
5.3

108.0
30.4
7.0
19.0
9.1
5.8

107.1
30.4
6.9
19.2
9.2
5.8

2.8

2.7

10.3
2.5
( )
(1)
(1)
2.7

268.3
132.6

10.3
2.6

8.8
2.3

8.8
2.3

11.7
6.2

13.3
6.9

12.1
6.5

2,209.2
1,543.0
353.1

2,224.1
1,556.6
354.4

12.6
5.6
2.1

9.9
3.0
1.9

9.8
3.0
1.9

151.1
110.4
20.8

160.9
117.0
22.5

160.0
116.2
22.6

1,138.1
144.6
98.2
311.9
36.6

1,154.9
150.7
98.4
312.5
36.8

1,155.2
150.3
98.2
312.6
36.9

3.1

51.1
5.9
4.3
14.6
.9

50.8
5.8
4.3
14.4
.9

13,907.7
188.3
283.4
4,025.6
140.0
997.4
1,325.6
904.9
664.0
124.0
1,122.9
1,035.1
965.5
156.5
178.3
174.0
159.3
259.5

14,230.3
194.5
290.7
4,092.8
141.9
1,026.9
1,355.8
932.3
681.0
129.0
1,138.6
1,043.0
971.0
160.5
183.5
178.2
162.9
264.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

2,102.6
168.1
229.1
1,116.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Alaska
Anchorage

10.6
3.0
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

3.2

1

.7

(M
(1)

(1)
(1)

(])
(1)

48.1
5.6
4.2
14.3
1.1

14,311.0
194.8
289.8
4,098.3
142.8
1,029.6
1,365.8
937.8
684.9
128.6
1,139.0
1,049.4
975.8
160.2
183.9
177.7
162.5
267.2

24.6
8.8
.3
4.8
2
( )
1.7
.9
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2

23.7
8.7
.3
4.3
2
( )
1.7
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2

23.7
8.6
.3
4.3
2
( )
1.7
.8
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2

624.3
10.3
14.9
119.1
8.2
53.3
64.6
59.9
37.5
5.7
63.1
39.8
43.4
7.0
9.8
8.5
10.7
13.8

689.1
11.0
16.1
126.4
8.4
60.9
72.0
65.2
41.2
6.6
64.5
43.6
46.4
7.2
10.8
9.3
11.4
15.3

679.1
10.9
16.0
126.3
8.4
58.5
71.8
65.0
40.0
6.5
64.0
43.0
45.9
7.2
10.7
9.2
11.3
14.9

2,131.3
172.0
234.1
1,139.8

2,151.1
171.9
234.1
1,147.0

13.8

(])
(1) 6.7

13.3
(1)
(1)
5.9

13.2
(1)
(1)
5.8

133.6
7.5
12.1
70.5

144.7
8.4
13.2
75.9

141.5
8.3
13.3
74.5

1,684.1
191.8
91.0
615.1
259.9
140.2
209.6
88.1

1,698.8
189.5
90.1
617.8
260.8
141.9
208.4
87.9

1,705.9
191.4
91.1
618.1
260.4
142.0
210.2
88.3

.8

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
<1 >
( )
(2)

59.6
6.8
4.0
20.3
9.9
4.9
6.0
3.5

62.9
7.1
4.1
22.3
10.2
5.0
6.1
3.6

61.4
6.9
4.1
21.6
10.1
5.0
6.0
3.5

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

409.6
54.8
321.5

418.5
56.6
326.5

419.9
56.7
328.1

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

23.5
2.6
17.6

24.7
2.8
18.4

24.8
2.8
18.7

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

618.6
2,611.5

623.4
2,666.9

622.5
2,676.2

.1
1.2

.1
1.3

.1
1.3

8.5
134.4

8.7
142.0

8.5
141.0

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,877.6
157.2
663.9
163.0
117.9
544.5
180.5
186.2
998.8
868.7
159.0
258.1
157.4
1,167.6
497.2

7,075.1
161.4
674.4
166.1
121.8
559.4
183.6
190.9
1,013.0
897.2
162.9
265.9
160.4
1,216.7
514.0

7,147.3
162.5
681.9
167.5
122.5
562.5
185.4
191.9
1,019.8
907.2
164.7
268.4
161.9
1,229.6
523.1

7.0

361.8
8.2
36.1
14.2
4.6
29.2
10.2
9.9
34.9
48.5
11.1
13.5
6.1
56.6
28.0

381.4
8.2
37.3
14.3
4.8
30.1
10.0
10.5
37.1
51.8
12.0
14.2
6.2
58.7
29.2

381.5
8.3
37.3
14.4
4.9
30.1
9.9
10.6
37.2
51.9
12.0
14.2
6.1
58.7
29.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
,
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




79

(1)

3.1
(

1

)

.8

.8

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

6.9

6.9
(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
3.1

(2)

(2)

3.1

.3

3.1
(2)

.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.5

.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.5
(2)

.1

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)

.7

.7

(2)

•

.5
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

375.9
52.5
38.3
28.3
18.5
12.4

366.7
52.6
36.7
26.9
18.4
12.5

366.9
52.8
36.8
26.7
18.4
12.6

92.8
30.9
4.0
12.9
6.7
2.5

94.2
31.9
4.3
12.8
6.9
2.6

94.5
31.9
4.3
12.9
6.9
2.6

455.5
118.6
36.7
62.0
40.0
20.2

459.1
119.1
36.2
64.4
39.7
20.8

463.3
120.0
36.7
65.0
40.4
21.1

8.2
1.9

10.2
2.1

8.2
2.0

24.4
13.2

25.8
14.2

25.5
14.3

56.5
32.3

57.5
32.3

57.5
32.6

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

218.7
171.5
29.3

219.6
169.8
32.1

220.1
170.2
32.2

105.2
78.4
13.6

108.7
81.4
14.0

109.3
81.8
14.1

520.7
370.0
73.2

528.9
375.4
73.2

538.8
383.6
74.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

254.3
34.2
27.5
33.6
8.5

251.9
35.0
27.6
33.2
8.7

251.7
35.2
27.7
32.9
8.7

70.1
10.1
6.5
22.0
1.8

71.0
10.6
6.6
21.9
1.8

71.6
10.6
6.5
22.0
1.8

262.2
41.3
19.9
73.2
7.4

265.5
43.7
20.3
73.0
7.4

266.8
43.6
20.3
73.7
7.4

1,953.7
9.6
30.0
669.4
26.6
121.8
239.8
113.1
45.7
9.6
127.3
78.1
258.9
17.4
28.1
22.8
19.4
33.8

1,948.4
10.2
31.0
655.5
26.7
124.5
240.2
117.9
47.0
9.7
125.8
77.2
253.2
17.8
29.7
24.4
20.0
35.6

1,943.3
10.1
30.3
654.0
26.7
124.7
240.4
118.1
47.0
9.6
126.0
77.0
253.3
17.8
29.4
23.3
19.7
35.7

705.7
10.8
14.4
227.8
5.5
64.2
47.4
47.4
26.7
5.5
45.9
81.4
29.2
5.4
7.0
12.1
6.5
10.5

728.6
11.1
14.6
236.2
6.0
67.6
49.4
48.7
27.1
5.7
47.1
81.3
30.0
5.5
7.1
12.6
6.4
10.3

731.7
11.1
14.5
236.9
6.0
68.1
50.0
49.3
27.4
5.7
47.6
81.8
30.6
5.7
7.2
12.5
6.3
10.5

3,251.8
44.4
69.8
905.8
35.3
228.9
333.1
234.3
145.7
33.1
256.4
221.1
190.8
38.9
44.4
42.0
41.4
62.9

3,256.0
44.8
69.5
906.9
35.4
230.8
329.6
234.4
144.7
34.0
258.5
220.7
187.8
39.6
44.6
42.5
41.8
62.7

3,335.6
45.4
70.0
917.7
35.9
235.5
336.2
239.1
146.6
34.5
260.3
225.0
191.3
40.4
45.2
42.8
42.5
64.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

206.3
32.5
26.9
92.6

205.1
32.0
27.4
91.6

204.0
31.9
27.3
91.6

134.2
4.3
12.2
95.2

136.2
4.8
12.2
97.9

137.6
4.8
12.3
98.8

515.4
37.6
52.7
271.3

519.8
35.9
53.4
274.6

530.4
37.1
53.3
278.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

276.9
38.8
19.5
95.7
40.3
24.1
26.8
18.6

272.5
37.7
18.6
94.0
40.2
23.9
26.5
18.6

272.1
38.1
18.6
94.0
40.3
24.1
26.4
18.8

76.7
7.1
3.0
27.2
17.0
6.7
10.5
3.7

77.4
7.0
3.0
27.5
16.5
6.8
10.0
3.8

77.6
7.0
2.9
27.9
16.5
6.8
10.0
3.8

372.3
43.9
23.4
128.0
55.1
29.0
46.1
19.3

367.5
42.4
22.6
126.9
54.9
29.3
44.0
19.2

374.2
43.5
23.3
127.4
55.3
29.4
44.8
19.6

60.5
6.3
45.7

59.4
6.1
44.8

59.1
6.1
44.5

17.1
2.0
14.6

18.2
2.1
15.7

18.2
2.1
15.7

90.3
13.1
65.8

92.0
13.9
65.5

93.5
14.0
67.0

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

12.6
104.4

12.2
107.0

12.1
107.0

15.9
120.4

15.7
125.6

15.6
126.1

50.0
492.5

50.0
491.5

50.7
498.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-CJearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

501.5
14.4
40.1
7.1
5.3
40.5
20.8
27.2
74.9
54.9
10.5
21.5
4.8
90.1
33.0

498.8
14.8
39.6
7.4
5.2
42.0
20.6
26.6
76.0
54.5
9.6
22.7
4.9
90.5
32.5

500.6
14.9
39.7
7.4
5.2
41.9
20.7
26.6
76.0
54.5
9.8
22.7
4.7
90.8
32.5

349.8
5.0
31.1
7.7
2.5
38.4
9.2
5.8
88.9
44.6
7.7
5.3
4.2
51.2
17.0

358.1
5.2
31.4
7.9
2.6
38.4
9.1
6.3
90.9
45.2
8.1
5.1
4.2
54.0
17.1

365.2
5.4
32.1
8.1
2.7
39.1
9.2
6.3
92.2
46.7
8.2
5.1
4.3
55.2
17.4

1,753.1
43.2
190.3
46.3
24.7
132.5
51.2
45.0
266.3
214.6
41.8
62.8
32.2
271.1
127.3

1,768.5
43.3
190.2
46.6
24.9
133.8
52.0
45.9
265.4
219.8
43.0
62.8
32.5
270.9
130.5

1,803.5
43.9
194.9
47.8
25.4
135.9
53.1
46.6
270.1
224.1
43.8
64.3
33.4
274.2
135.1

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

,

See footnotes at end of table.




80

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

88.1
36.2
4.7
10.0
9.8
2.4

90.6
37.4
4.7
10.3
10.2
2.6

90.9
37.8
4.6
10.4
10.3
2.6

456.5
143.9
50.3
63.5
44.1
14.7

462.0
143.4
52.8
65.5
47.4
14.8

460.4
143.3
52.7
65.8
47.5
14.7

352.0
68.4
38.5
35.5
37.1
22.3

355.7
68.3
38.4
36.2
38.5
22.8

355.1
68.8
38.2
36.2
38.6
22.8

Alaska
Anchorage

12.5
7.5

12.6
7.5

12.6
7.6

67.1
37.2

68.9
37.9

69.2
38.2

74.4
29.3

74.6
29.0

74.4
29.1

143.9
122.6
13.7

149.6
126.3
13.8

150.6
127.3
14.1

647.1
465.6
109.4

661.8
475.9
114.2

666.9
479.8
114.9

351.3
191.6
74.3

369.8
194.2
81.4

368.6
194.7
80.1

45.0
5.2
3.1
17.6
1.3

45.9
5.6
3.2
18.0
1.3

46.1
5.6
3.2
18.1
1.3

265.2
27.9
26.1
91.0
8.5

273.3
29.5
25.3
91.8
8.7

272.4
29.2
25.1
91.5
8.7

190.0
20.3
10.2
60.2
8.0

193.1
20.4
10.4
60.0
8.0

192.7
20.3
10.4
60.0
8.1

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

809.4
7.4
14.1
228.8
4.4
55.7
100.4
30.6
48.8
6.1
64.6
107.9
32.6
7.6
10.5
8.5
6.2
14.1

814.3
7.5
14.6
230.5
4.5
56.6
102.5
30.1
49.2
6.1
64.4
104.6
33.0
7.3
10.6
8.4
6.3
13.5

815.6
7.5
14.4
230.5
4.5
56.5
103.3
30.0
49.6
6.1
64.3
105.2
33.1
7.3
10.6
8.4
6.3
13.6

4,314.6
46.5
71.8
1,316.7
35.5
299.2
398.4
238.3
187.3
34.5
365.0
380.1
320.3
47.4
51.3
44.2
42.0
77.9

4,492.0
48.6
74.8
1,360.4
36.1
307.7
414.9
247.6
192.9
36.4
372.3
388.4
328.4
49.0
52.1
44.4
42.5
81.5

4,502.5
48.5
74.4
1,355.7
36.3
309.1
416.9
248.0
195.6
35.9
371.5
389.5
329.5
48.4
52.4
44.8
42.1
81.8

2,223.6
50.5
68.1
553.2
24.5
172.6
141.0
180.3
172.1
29.4
200.3
126.2
90.2
32.1
26.7
35.8
32.6
45.3

2,278.2
52.6
69.8
572.6
24.8
177.1
146.5
187.4
178.7
30.4
205.7
126.8
92.1
33.4
28.1
36.5
34.0
44.7

2,279.5
52.7
69.9
572.9
25.0
175.5
146.4
187.3
178.5
30.2
205.0
127.5
92.0
32.7
27.9
36.6
33.8
44.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

138.3
6.2
12.8
90.1

138.0
6.2
13.5
91.6

140.1
6.3
13.6
91.8

632.3
52.9
76.0
341.3

638.2
56.9
76.9
350.6

649.6
56.1
76.9
353.9

328.7
27.1
36.4
148.7

336.0
27.8
37.5
151.7

334.7
27.4
37.4
151.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

138.7
10.7
4.9
71.3
13.7
3.7
25.4
3.6

140.4
11.0
5.0
70.8
13.7
3.8
26.0
3.7

141.2
11.0
5.1
71.3
13.7
3.8
26.3
3.7

523.8
63.3
25.3
176.2
92.3
35.5
76.7
27.1

534.6
63.0
25.7
177.6
94.0
35.9
78.1
26.8

536.2
63.6
25.9
178.5
93.6
35.8
78.8
26.8

235.3
21.2
10.9
96.4
31.6
36.3
18.1
12.3

242.7
21.3
11.1
98.7
31.3
37.2
17.7
12.2

242.4
21.3
11.2
97.4
30.9
37.1
17.9
12.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

49.3
2.2
43.5

51.1
2.2
44.7

51.3
2.2
44.9

113.4
12.6
94.1

116.3
13.7
96.4

116.2
13.7
96.1

55.4
16.0
40.0

56.7
15.8
40.8

56.7
15.8
41.0

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

29.1
142.9

29.1
143.4

29.2
144.8

277.6
1,026.1

282.1
1,055.7

280.4
1,057.5

224.8
589.6

225.5
600.4

225.9
600.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

440.2
7.0
49.9
9.0
5.1
57.4
8.8
6.3
65.8
51.1
6.2
12.6
6.5
85.8
35.2

451.4
7.1
50.8
9.2
5.2
57.8
9.1
6.2
66.5
52.8
6.3
13.0
6.7
89.6
36.5

453.9
7.1
51.0
9.3
5.2
57.9
9.2
6.2
66.5
53.4
6.4
13.2
6.7
90.6
36.9

2,478.7
56.6
230.1
53.0
36.1
177.9
50.9
66.7
327.7
363.4
51.8
117.7
43.1
471.8
200.5

2,609.3
59.8
237.5
54.0
38.7
188.2
53.0
69.5
333.9
379.4
54.1
123.5
44.7
510.2
211.4

2,633.1
59.9
238.8
54.1
38.8
188.6
53.4
69.6
335.6
382.1
54.7
124.2
44.9
516.8
215.3

985.6
22.8
86.2
25.5
39.6
68.1
26.3
25.3
140.0
91.1
29.7
24.6
60.3
140.5
56.2

1,000.7
23.0
87.5
26.5
40.4
68.6
26.7
25.9
142.9
93.3
29.6
24.5
61.0
142.3
56.8

1,002.5
23.0
88.0
26.2
40.3
68.5
26.8
26.0
141.9
94.1
29.6
24.6
61.6
142.8
56.9

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

3,842.0
59.8
74.7
2,093.3
199.3
120.8
151.4
135.7

3,964.7
60.3
77.3
2,181.9
200.9
123.7
152.5
138.9

3,997.5
60.8
77.4
2,206.9
201.4
124.3
152.9
139.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

533.8
402.9

535.5
402.1

537.1
403.3

Idaho
Boise City

534.1
206.0

540.6
212.0

539.7
212.0

2.9

2.8

5,995.9
86.3
100.3
4,221.5
184.4
57.5
44.4
177.1
177.6
115.4

6,038.2
86.4
101.5
4,253.7
184.5
57.6
45.0
178.7
179.8
115.5

6,043.6
86.7
101.7
4,267.1
184.6
58.0
45.1
177.2
179.3
115.2

10.6

1.7

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,971.2
66.6
122.9
160.6
277.4
275.4
868.1
53.7
97.1
61.7
139.4
68.8

2,989.8
67.2
124.4
163.8
278.2
271.1
875.2
54.5
100.0
63.3
137.9
68.4

2,990.8
67.3
124.8
163.1
278.5
272.1
877.8
55.0
99.6
63.6
137.9
68.3

6.9

7.0

6.9

1.2

1.2

1.2

.7

.8

Iowa
... .
Cedar RaDids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ... .

1,478.3
120.5
284.7
52.4
68.8
67.6
74.6

1,510.9
122.2
288.8
52.0
69.7
68.3
75.9

1,513.3
121.6
288.9
51.9
69.4
68.0
75.6

2.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,337.5
50.0
103.2
289.9

1,362.8
50.2
103.8
290.1

1,361.4
50.4
103.8
289.8

1.2

1.2

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,782.2
283.8
580.5
45.6

1,816.6
289.7
592.5
45.8

1,819.9
289.7
595.0
46.5

23.4
.3
.6
.3

22.9
.3
.7
.3

1,928.7
56.7
301.7
80.9
170.4
88.1
70.8
633.6
177.9

1,939.6
56.9
308.6
79.4
167.9
88.8
72.0
628.4
176.8

1,940.3
57.0
308.9
79.5
168.4
88.5
72.0
631.0
177.2

56.2
.1
1.0
7.0
17.8
1.2
.2
15.4
2.6

582.4
44.6
149.7

598.9
45.9
152.8

597.3
45.8
153.3

.1

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

.

..

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Snrinafield

Louisiana
.. .
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

... .

.

.

.

See footnotes at end of table.




82

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

7.6

7.6

1.6
.4

1.6
.4

1.6
.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

193.0
3.2
2.7
107.4
11.9
5.3
6.4
8.6

196.5
3.6
3.0
112.1
12.1
5.7
6.1
8.3

196.3
3.6
3.0
112.6
12.1
5.5
6.1
8.6

20.5
15.4

20.7
14.5

20.6
14.2

2.7

32.8
13.4

35.3
14.5

33.7
14.2

10.9

10.9

1.7

1.7

241.6
2.9
3.5
168.7
9.4
3.7
1.9
8.0
7.2
4.5

258.8
3.0
3.6
179.4
9.8
3.7
2.2
9.3
7.5
4.7

247.6
2.9
3.5
174.2
9.5
3:7
2.1
8.1
7.0
4.5

143.6
2.8
5.2
10.4
13.4
21.9
47.1
1.8
3.9
2.5
6.8
3.2

147.0
3.1
5.2
11.5
13.6
19.5
48.3
1.8
4.0
2.6
6.7
3.3

142.5
3.1
5.2
10.7
13.3
18.6
47.8
1.7
4.0
2.5
6.4
3.2

60.7
6.2
12.5
1.8
2.2
3.1
2.5

68.7
6.3
13.5
1.9
2.4
3.4
2.6

65.9
6.0
12.7
1.7
2.1
3.1
2.4

1.2

62.3
2.1
4.5
14.9

68.6
2.5
4.9
15.5

66.6
2.4
4.5
15.4

22.8
.3
.7
.3

85.4
13.7
30.1
3.5

90.9
14.5
30.9
3.8

88.7
14.2
30.7
3.8

53.0
.1
1.0
5.8
16.1
1.1
.2
13.5
2.3

53.1
.1
1.0
5.9
16.1
1.2
.2
13.6
2.3

130.3
3.7
33.9
4.3
9.9
11.0
3.5
35.3
10.4

133.6
3.7
36.0
4.2
9.1
11.2
3.6
36.6
9.4

130.9
3.7
35.6
4.1
9.1
11.2
3.7
36.6
9.2

.1

.1

24.8
1.6
7.1

28.1
1.7
7.8

27.0
1.6
7.6

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)

(1 )
(1 )
7.2

7.0
/1 \

2.2

(J)
( 11 )
(( 1 ))
7.2
/1 \

(1 )

I*!

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

598.9
8.5
11.5
223.4
41.2
21.8
19.6
18.2

591.7
8.4
11.9
220.8
40.1
21.0
19.3
18.4

591.1
8.3
11.8
220.9
40.0
21.3
19.2
18.6

249.1
3.6
1.8
178.9
6.9
4.2
5.5
8.5

263.4
3.9
1.8
188.2
7.1
4.5
5.4
8.7

264.8
3.9
1.9
189.3
7.1
4.5
5.4
8.6

966.4
14.2
19.0
559.4
43.8
27.0
35.3
35.6

995.5
13.9
18.8
578.8
44.1
27.3
35.2
35.8

1,017.0
14.3
19.0
594.3
44.7
27.5
35.8
36.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.1
12.6

16.4
12.7

16.3
12.7

40.3
31.9

40.4
31.5

40.2
31.5

133.2
97.4

132.3
96.6

133.4
97.3

Idaho
Boise City

76.4
35.6

77.2
37.3

77.0
37.2

26.1
10.8

26.5
11.8

26.7
11.8

136.9
49.7

135.8
48.3

137.3
48.6

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

972.5
8.8
11.3
654.2
31.8
13.6
8.3
34.1
51.1
4.9

968.6
7.8
11.4
651.3
31.4
13.5
8.1
33.9
52.5
4.7

967.0
7.8
11.4
650.3
31.9
13.6
8.2
33.7
52.5
4.6

354.9
3.2
2.6
260.2
10.3
5.2
2.1
10.3
9.5
4.9

355.1
3.2
2.6
263.5
10.3
5.2
2.1
10.3
9.6
4.7

357.2
3.2
2.6
265.6
10.3
5.3
2.2
10.3
9.6
4.7

1,387.6
18.7
21.8
965.3
49.1
12.5
11.3
43.2
37.8
24.2

1,379.8
18.5
22.0
961.4
49.1
12.5
11.4
43.1
37.4
23.8

1,402.4
18.7
22.2
976.3
49.4
12.6
11.6
43.2
37.8
23.8

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

686.0
9.3
61.7
33.7
75.7
50.3
129.8
20.8
22.5
10.6
22.6
12.0

687.9
9.3
63.5
34.2
75.0
48.9
131.8
21.3
22.8
10.7
21.7
11.8

688.9
9.3
63.7
34.1
75.0
48.9
131.6
21.7
22.9
10.7
21.8
11.8

146.6
1.9
3.0
7.4
13.2
14.7
54.3
1.1
2.4
3.6
5.7
3.0

145.1
1.9
3.0
7.5
13.1
14.9
54.6
1.3
2.4
3.7
5.8
3.0

145.5
1.8
3.0
7.5
13.1
14.8
55.7
1.3
2.4
3.7
5.7
3.0

705.4
15.7
23.2
40.5
65.8
64.5
224.2
12.0
20.1
14.4
35.2
18.9

703.7
15.4
22.7
40.7
65.0
64.4
226.9
11.9
20.6
14.4
34.7
18.7

710.6
15.5
22.7
41.2
65.4
65.5
228.8
12.1
20.9
14.6
35.1
18.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

264.0
22.5
25.0
12.1
5.2
13.8
14.7

266.4
22.4
24.1
11.8
5.3
13.6
14.9

266.7
22.6
24.0
11.7
5.3
13.7
14.8

71.2
8.4
14.9
1.9
2.1
3.8
2.6

73.4
8.5
16.0
1.8
2.2
3.9
2.8

73.8
8.5
16.0
1.8
2.2
3.9
2.8

364.8
26.2
74.5
12.6
13.4
16.7
17.6

369.7
25.9
75.8
12.7
13.8
16.6
17.4

373.6
25.9
76.6
12.9
13.7
16.6
17.6

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

214.5
5.3
10.0
74.3

211.0
5.5
10.1
72.7

210.9
5.6
10.2
72.4

77.2
1.3
5.8
11.1

77.7
1.4
5.7
11.4

77.5
1.4
5.7
11.4

326.7
12.5
23.1
64.6

335.4
12.2
23.5
65.1

337.1
12.4
23.7
65.5

322.5
50.0
89.1
7.0

320.6
50.0
89.7
6.6

321.7
50.1
89.9
6.6

103.9
11.3
43.2
2.3

107.6
11.3
44.8
2.4

107.9
11.3
45.3
2.5

431.1
65.7
144.6
11.9

435.2
66.6
144.9
11.8

440.5
67.3
147.4
12.2

192.8
3.6
24.4
8.7
14.8
11.8
7.8
49.8
19.0

191.5
3.6
24.6
8.4
14.9
11.6
7.7
49.7
19.2

190.7
3.5
24.7
8.2
14.9
11.6
7.8
49.3
19.2

116.8
2.8
13.6
9.1
10.2
4.9
3.7
41.8
8.6

116.5
2.8
13.7
9.0
9.9
5.3
3.8
40.6
8.5

116.5
2.8
13.7
9.1
9.9
5.2
3.7
40.9
8.6

458.4
13.8
73.6
18.9
44.7
18.8
18.2
158.7
42.0

453.9
13.8
73.3
19.0
43.8
18.7
17.9
153.8
41.1

458.3
14.0
74.4
19.2
44.0
18.9
17.8
155.5
41.6

86.6
7.9
15.0

87.0
8.0
14.9

86.8
8.0
15.0

24.2
1.8
6.7

24.5
1.9
6.9

24.6
1.9
7.0

148.6
11.5
43.3

153.0
12.0
45.7

152.6
11.9
45.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

,

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

204.7
2.1
2.5
138.1
6.2
8.7
9.2
4.6

213.7
2.1
2.5

144.7
6.6
9.0
9.7
4.7

214.8
2.1
2.5
145.7
6.6
9.0
9.7
4.7

1,025.6
15.4
16.3
623.5
47.8
33.1
39.8
39.4

1,093.0
15.3
17.3
672.5
48.6
35.2
40.2
41.9

1,102.7
15.6
17.4
679.2
48.6
35.5
40.3
41.6

596.4
12.8
20.9
261.0
41.1
20.7
34.6
20.8

603.3
13.1
22.0
263.2
41.9
21.0
35.6
21.1

603.2
13.0
21.8
263.3
41.9
21.0
35.4
21.0

35.3
28.2

34.5
27.3

34.3
27.2

173.5
124.9

176.3
127.4

176.6
127.2

114.9
92.5

114.9
92.1

115.7
93.2

23.4
11.2

23.8
11.3

24.0
11.3

130.2
53.1

131.6
55.1

131.4
55.2

105.4
32.2

107.6
33.7

106.9
33.7

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

407.7
16.4
3.9
318.1
8.3
2.1
1.7
7.9
7.4
7.8

408.7
17.1
3.9
316.9
8.4
2.0
1.7
8.1
7.4
7.9

410.5
17.3
3.9
320.4
8.3
2.1
1.7
8.0
7.4
7.9

1,798.9
21.0
21.7
1,358.2
48.9
13.7
12.2
54.6
46.7
35.2

1,824.4
21.2
21.4
1,379.8
49.2
13.5
12.5
54.6
47.5
35.3

1,827.5
21.2
21.6
1,381.8
49.2
13.6
12.5
54.5
47.1
35.3

822.1
15.3
35.5

495.1
26.6
6.7
6.9
19.0

831.9
15.6
36.6
499.7
26.3
7.2
7.0
19.4

820.5
15.6
36.5
496.8
26.0
7.1
6.8
19.4

17.9
33.9

17.9
34.4

17.9
34.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

143.6
2.4
2.9
7.5
14.9
9.4
65.1
1.5
4.2
1.9
6.9
2.3

146.5
2.6
3.1
7.8
15.4
9.2
66.6
1.5
4.3
2.0
6.9
2.2

146.4
2.6
3.1
7.8
15.4
9.3
66.7
1.5
4.3
2.0
6.9
2.2

720.3
12.9
18.7
43.9
67.7
74.5
235.1
9.3
19.3
15.8
47.4
16.9

731.3
13.3
18.6
44.5
69.4
74.8
235.0
9.5
19.9
16.3
47.6
17.0

727.0
13.4
18.8
44.4
69.6
75.2
234.9
9.5
19.6
16.3
47.5
17.0

418.8
21.6
8.3
16.0
26.7
40.1
111.8
7.2
24.7
12.9
14.8
12.3

421.3
21.6
8.3
16.4
26.7
39.4
111.2
7.2
26.0
13.6
14.5
12.4

423.0
21.6
8.3
16.2
26.7
39.8
111.5
7.2
25.5
13.8
14.5
12.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
,
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

84.1
6.4
39.9
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.0

85.7
6.6
39.9
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.0

86.2
6.7
39.9
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.0

387.7
37.4
83.7
18.3
15.1
19.5
21.0

397.0
38.2
84.7
18.0
14.7
20.1
21.9

396.8
37.7
84.8
18.1
14.9
20.0
21.9

243.5
13.4
34.2
3.8
28.6
7.9
13.2

247.7
14.3
34.8

7.9
13.3

248.1
14.2
34.9
3.8
28.9
7.9
13.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

62.5
2.1
6.8
11.7

63.5
2.0
6.7
11.7

63.6
2.0
6.7
11.7

340.1
12.0
30.7
77.2

346.6
11.7
31.1
77.2

346.1
11.8
31.1
77.0

247.2
14.7
22.3
34.9

252.8
14.9
21.8
35.3

252.4
14.8
21.9
35.2

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

70.7
10.3
30.5
2.0

71.5

71.8
10.8
30.7
2.1

446.1
76.0
170.9
11.2

461.7
79.4

306.2
56.9

305.5
56.4

179.2
11.3

461.0
79.3
178.2
11.5

299.1

10.7
30.5

71.8
7.5

72.1
7.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

87.0
2.4
18.4
2.1
6.4
2.5
5.3
31.8
6.5

87.3
2.4
18.5
2.0
6.5
2.5
5.4
31.6
6.4

87.6
2.4
18.5
2.0
6.5
2.5
5.4
31.5
6.5

518.5
16.8
76.7
16.5
42.5
24.3
19.4
194.4
55.7

529.5
16.8
78.9
16.3
42.8
24.3
20.0
195.4
56.1

530.7
16.8
79.3
16.3
43.1
24.3
20.0
196.1
56.2

368.7
13.5
60.1
14.3
24.1
13.6
12.7
106.4
33.1

374.3
13.7
62.6
14.7
24.8
14.1
13.4
107.2
33.8

372.5
13.7
61.7
14.7
24.8
13.6
13.4
107.5
33.6

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

30.1
2.3
13.2

30.6
2.4
13.0

30.7
2.5
13.1

170.5
14.3
44.8

177.4
14.8
45.1

177.6
14.8
45.0

97.5
5.1
19.6

98.2
5.1
19.4

97.9
5.1
19.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu

,

Idaho
Boise City

2.1

See footnotes at end of table.




84

56.5
71.5
7.4

3.9
29.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

2,368.7
1,209.9
407.0
879.5

2,409.1
1,225.6
417.5
893.7

2,418.7
1,226.7
416.8
897.5

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,234.1
56.9
1,982.9
99.7
53.2
153.3
122.7
66.6
42.8
258.3
234.0

3,271.0
59.7
1,998.5
101.4
53.7
155.5
124.8
68.0
43.5
261.2
233.1

3,278.8
59.2
2,006.1
101.3
53.5
156.2
125.2
68.4
43.7
260.7
234.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,596.2
281.3
72.3
2,166.1
180.6
581.0
62.4
214.2
237.8
182.8

4,626.7
283.4
73.6
2,185.5
174.2
596.0
64.4
216.6
242.0
185.1

4,630.8
284.5
73.5
2,193.7
174.4
597.2
64.3
216.6
240.9
184.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,609.4
115.2
1,709.9
79.7
89.0

2,658.7
117.6
1,741.8
81.5
91.5

2,654.6
117.2
1,745.7
81.8
91.3

(2)
(1)
(1)

Mississippi
Jackson

1,142.4
225.8

1,139.5
230.0

1,137.1
229.7

(2)

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,737.1
969.4
1,326.6
167.5

2,732.9
976.2
1,338.4
172.1

2,732.7
977.4
1,341.0
172.6

(1)
(1)
(1)

Montana

377.3

388.1

386.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

892.4
151.5
415.4

887.3
152.6
410.3

886.8
152.6
410.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

951.6
685.0
184.5

999.3
727.3
191.9

1,000.0
728.2
192.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

598.5
102.8
95.6
118.8

603.6
103.6
93.6
119.8

607.5
104.0
94.6
119.0

3,865.8
176.8
669.8
496.5
249.3
634.4
368.5
986.3
202.3
59.7

3,918.5
178.0
678.0
503.4
250.6
643.7
375.5
1,003.4
204.2
59.8

3,930.8
177.1
680.1
506.4
251.6
647.2
376.2
1,006.5
205.5
59.5

731.3
343.3
54.0
72.8

739.9
347.9
56.5
74.7

742.1
348.6
56.3
74.7

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bhdgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




85

December
1998

November
1999

(1)
(1)
1.3

(1)
.4

(o2) .1.1

.2

.2

7.7

7.1
(1)
(1)

.9

147.6
66.1
13.7
65.3

146.5
65.9
13.7
65.0

1.3

110.8
2.8
63.3
3.8
1.9
6.0
5.2
2.5
1.7
7.9
7.4

119.6
3.0
67.8
4.3
2.1
6.5
5.6
2.8
2.0
8.5
8.2

116.5
2.9
66.3
4.3
2.0
6.4
5.4
2.7
1.9
8.1
8.0

184.9
10.8
2.6
86.4
8.1
26.4
2.5
8.8
8.4
9.0

198.9
11.2
2.6
94.8
8.9
29.2
2.7
9.4
9.3
9.7

189.3
10.9
2.5
91.8
8.5
28.2
2.6
9.0
8.7
8.7

7.5
4.5

100.6
4.4
63.7
3.2
4.1

117.4
5.1
73.3
3.7
4.8

109.9
4.7
69.2
3.6
4.4

6.6

56.5
11.1

57.4
11.7

56.5
11.7

5.1

133.3
49.4
71.1
7.1

137.4
53.2
74.4
7.5

135.4
51.8
73.8
7.3

5.0

18.2

21.3

19.7

1.2

41.6
6.9
21.2

42.0
7.4
20.9

41.0
7.3
20.7

11.7
2.1
.4

86.7
69.2
13.2

91.0
73.0
13.7

90.3
72.8
13.6

.4

24.0
4.6
3.2
3.9

24.8
4.8
3.1
4.2

24.5
4.7
3.3
4.0

2.1

144.2
6.4
25.2
23.9
5.3
21.4
19.1
35.6
4.9
1.9

141.4
6.4
24.7
23.4
5.3
20.9
18.7
34.8
4.8
1.9

43.9
21.5
3.3
4.1

43.3
21.3
3.3
3.9

.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

6.8

1.0

7.8
4.8

1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

8.1
4.5
(2)
(1)
(1)

6.2

2

( )
(1)
(1)
6.5

(2)
5.0

(2)
5.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
5.0

(1)
(1)
(1)
5.0

1.2

1.2
(1)
(1)

13.1
2.2
.5

(1)
(1)

11.8
2.1
.5

.4

.1
.1
.2

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.4
(1)
<;>
(1)

(]>
(1)

144.9
65.5
12.6
64.5

.4

(o2) .1.1

(1)

1.3
.4

(1)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)

December
1999P

1.3

(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

November
1999

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)

December
1998

1.4
.4

1.3
.3
(1)
(1)

December
1999P

(1)
(1)
(1)

.3

.3

.3

137.7
6.7
23.9
23.3
5.0
19.7
18.2
33.4
4.8
2.1

14.2

13.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)

13.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)

43.5
21.5
3.2
3.5

2.0
(1)
(1)
(\)
(1)

2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.5
(1)

.6
(1)

.8
(1)

(])
(11)
()

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
(1)
1.0

(1)

.9
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C..

177.6
100.7
30.2
40.0

178.0
99.1
29.0
40.9

178.3
99.4
29.2
40.8

110.8
58.2
20.0
36.5

114.3
60.9
20.7
38.1

114.8
61.0
20.7
38.4

550.8
277.3
64.0
205.1

553.0
275.8

561.3

208.5

etts.
Barnstable-Yarmouth .
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

440.6
2.2
219.1
10.7
13.6
37.3
28.6
13.1
7.5
38.9
40.9

435.6
2.2
214.0
10.3
13.2
37.2
28.7
13.0
7.2
39.2
40.4

435.7
2.2
214.3
10.2
13.2
37.3
28.7
13.1
7.2
39.2
40.8

137.2
3.0
85.3
4.8
2.1
5.4
7.6
3.7
1.3

138.7
3.0
86.6
4.6
2.1
5.6
8.3
4.0
1.3
10.1
9.7

138.8
3.0
86.7
4.6
2.1
5.8
8.3
4.0
1.3
10.4
9.8

748.8
19.3
437.7
33.3
13.1
36.6
26.4
17.5
10.9
62.0
54.4

432.9
33.8
13.2
37.8
26.8
17.8
11.0
62.2
53.4

756.4
20.6
440.0
34.1
13.2
38.1
27.1
18.2
11.2
63.1
53.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

972.7
53.6
19.6
443.5
39.4

958.4
52.8
19.7
443.7
31.9
162.6
13.0
49.5
27.8
39.6

179.1
6.6
2.9
96.2
5.9

180.7
6.7
3.2

181.0
6.7
3.2

1,104.8
57.2

1,102.2
57.4
16.6

1,118.3
58.5
16.7

96.8
6.2

96.9
6.1

19.9
3.6
7.5
6.0
7.2

20.0
3.6
7.7
6.1
7.3

20.2
3.6
7.8
6.0
7.3

519.7
45.2
151.2

529.6
45.9

160.5
12.7
49.2
28.8
40.2

960.0
52.5
19.6
443.2
31.8
162.0
13.0
49.4
27.8
39.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

443.2
8.5
281.4
14.0
15.8

444.2
8.6
285.6
13.4
16.0

443.7
8.6
286.0
13.3
16.0

131.8

129.9
7.9
97.1
2.4
3.5

129.8

7.9
95.0
2.4
3.4

Mississippi .
Jackson ...

245.7
20.1

238.5
20.6

237.0
20.5

53.7
16.2

Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield...

421.1
108.5
195.2
23.6

408.1
107.8
189.5
24.2

408.1
108.2
189.6
24.2

25.1

24.8

24.7

Montana ...

10.4
9.7

7.9
97.2
2.4
3.6

635.8
28.3
413.2
16.0
27.0

643.1
28.9
417.9
16.2
27.3

647.1
28.9

55.3
17.0

55.1
17.0

247.7
55.2

244.3
54.2

245.8
54.7

167.1
81.9
82.9
11.2

165.5
79.7
84.6
12.0

167.0
79.9
84.8
12.1

651.9
239.7
46.5

650.7
239.4
319.9
47.6

653.3
241.5
324.6
48.0

22.1

22.7

22.8

101.3

103.1

103.3

59.3
9.7

117.4
18.0
38.8

58.5
10.1
30.7

59.5

42.3
22.7
13.8

43.6
23.9
14.2

43.7
23.8
14.3

48.4
34.7
11.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester..

107.5
15.1
27.4
18.6

105.8
15.5
27.0
18.5

106.3
15.6
27.0
18.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ...
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

474.5
6.3

466.4
6.0

104.8
54.9
27.0
92.6
20.1
135.3
16.9
12.6

103.6
55.1
26.7
89.2
20.0
133.7
16.3
11.9

44.1
28.2

42.5
27.1
3.2
2.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque .
LasCruces ...
Santa Fe

2.9
1.9




424.2
16.5
27.4

31.4

219.2
32.1
102.3

215.8
31.7
99.8

51.5
37.2
12.9

51.5
37.2
13.0

197.8
144.2
42.6

208.0
152.0
44.7

211.0
154.3
45.3

21.4
6.1
3.0
4.0

21.8
6.5
3.1
4.0

22.0
6.5
3.2
4.0

158.1
25.5
24.0
31.8

158.2
26.1
22.9
32.3

160.3
26.3
23.6
32.4

464.6
6.0
102.5
55.5
26.2
89.2
20.3
133.5
16.3
11.7

264.3
6.8
37.4
23.3
30.3

266.6
6.8

267.0
6.7
38.1
23.1
30.5

920.6
35.6

926.6

941.2

36.1

36.3

185.2
134.3

185.7
135.5
59.3

49.3
19.7

151.2
101.5

84.6
7.2
2.7

86.7
7.5
2.8

87.1
7.5
2.8

202.1
34.5
12.0

188.5
138.1
60.4
153.9
103.1
209.0

41.9
27.1

34.7
17.3
2.2
1.3

35.2
18.0
2.2

35.6
18.0
2.2

1.4

1.4

174.8
83.9
11.2
15.4

1.9

86

319.1

49.2
55.5
48.1

217.1
31.8
100.5

3.1

See footnotes at end of table.

152.5
16.6

48.2
54.5
47.4

117.4
18.0
39.0

Nevada
Las Vegas..
Reno

746.8
20.5

278.8
65.3
211.5

16.5
48.4
55.0
47.5

118.1
17.9
40.0

Nebraska .
Lincoln ..
Omaha..

16.3
523.9
46.0
146.5
16.2

64.9

49.0
20.0

9.7
31.7

37.8
23.2
30.5
49.1
19.8

59.9

151.2
101.7
205.0
35.1

35.9

12.2

12.5

175.7
84.0
11.4
15.6

177.3
84.7
11.4
15.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
ind real estate

Services

Government

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

135.3
75.1
34.7
51.4

138.0
76.5
36.2
53.0

138.6
76.5
36.3
53.2

802.0
413.9
158.8
304.8

830.3
425.1
164.0
314.5

829.3
423.3
162.2
314.7

446.0
218.9
86.7
177.2

446.5
221.7
89.0
173.4

448.6
221.4
89.4
173.9

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

220.2
2.9
166.1
3.2
1.5
4.7
3.4
1.7
1.9
13.0
14.3

222.8
2.7
168.6
3.2
1.5
4.7
3.6
1.7
2.0
13.0
13.7

223.9
2.7
169.5
3.3
1.5
4.7
3.5
1.8
2.0
13.1
13.7

1,149.9
18.9
773.3
26.4
12.7
44.2
35.3
17.9
14.1
79.2
70.3

1,178.8
20.0
787.8
27.2
12.8
44.2
35.2
18.5
14.5
80.3
73.7

1,178.2
19.8
787.5
26.9
12.6
44.4
35.4
18.5
14.6
79.3
73.6

425.3
7.8
237.7
17.5
8.3
19.1
16.2
10.2
5.3
46.8
36.8

427.4
8.3
240.4
18.0
8.8
19.5
16.6
10.2
5.4
47.8
33.8

428.0
8.0
241.4
17.9
8.9
19.5
16.8
10.1
5.4
47.4
34.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

208.4
10.1
2.4
113.2
6.6
23.7
1.9
10.4
14.3
6.8

209.5
10.3
2.3
113.1
6.8
24.8
1.9
10.2
14.5
6.9

209.0
10.2
2.3
113.3
6.8
24.9
1.9
10.2
14.6
6.9

1,257.9
67.7
19.5
662.3
48.8
146.3
14.9
54.1
58.0
49.2

1,280.2
69.0
20.1
676.7
49.5
149.2
15.5
55.0
59.4
50.6

1,284.9
68.9
19.9
679.0
49.4
149.5
15.4
54.7
58.9
50.7

680.7
75.3
9.0
239.7
25.8
57.7
10.6
36.0
67.8
23.0

688.1
76.3
9.2
240.2
25.8
59.6
11.2
36.5
69.9
23.5

683.1
76.5
9.2
238.4
25.8
59.3
11.2
36.2
69.4
23.3

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

160.2
3.5
127.1
2.3
3.4

160.3
3.6
130.7
2.4
3.5

160.7
3.6
131.1
2.5
3.5

735.6
33.9
500.4
34.6
22.4

760.6
34.7
510.1
35.9
23.1

761.7
34.7
512.8
36.0
23.0

394.4
23.9
228.6
7.2
12.9

395.1
24.3
226.5
7.5
13.3

394.2
24.3
224.6
7.5
13.4

42.0
16.3

42.4
16.4

42.6
16.3

262.1
59.3

264.4
60.7

263.4
60.3

228.5
46.6

230.7
48.4

230.1
48.2

164.6
68.4
83.3
7.6

165.8
69.6
83.5
7.7

166.5
70.0
84.0
7.6

764.3
284.1
418.2
49.9

767.6
287.0
429.0
51.0

764.4
286.6
427.5
51.2

429.8
137.4
156.8
21.6

432.6
139.5
157.5
22.1

432.9
139.4
156.7
22.2

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

17.3

17.8

17.9

107.5

111.1

112.1

80.8

82.3

81.1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

58.7
10.1
34.3

59.0
10.5
34.2

58.9
10.5
34.3

243.0
41.0
136.4

238.8
41.5
133.3

238.6
41.6
133.2

152.1
33.4
50.5

153.6
33.8
51.4

153.3
33.7
51.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

44.9
33.8
8.7

46.0
35.0
8.7

46.0
35.0
8.7

401.9
303.2
69.7

425.2
324.0
72.4

423.1
322.5
72.0

116.5
75.0
24.1

122.2
80.1
24.8

122.7
80.5
25.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

31.4
7.1
5.6
6.6

31.5
6.8
5.1
6.7

31.7
6.7
5.0
6.7

173.6
32.9
24.0
32.0

178.4
31.8
23.5
31.5

180.0
31.8
23.6
31.2

82.1
11.5
8.4
21.9

82.7
12.1
8.9
22.6

82.3
12.4
8.9
22.1

250.7
5.8
37.7
25.7
27.3
46.0
18.6
74.9
11.2
2.9

257.9
6.0
38.7
27.4
28.3
47.4
18.6
76.5
11.3
2.8

259.1
6.0
38.9
27.4
28.5
47.8
18.8
76.9
11.3
2.8

1,237.1
86.8
209.4
154.1
61.0
195.1
126.3
311.0
75.4
13.0

1,271.4
87.8
214.8
157.1
61.9
202.8
132.0
320.2
76.8
13.6

1,272.1
86.9
215.3
157.2
62.4
203.8
131.3
319.6
77.3
13.3

578.9
28.8
71.4
80.9
38.8
80.3
63.8
144.2
52.3
14.1

583.3
28.9
72.2
81.2
38.6
82.0
64.3
144.7
52.3
14.3

583.3
28.8
72.1
81.7
38.3
81.8
64.3
144.7
52.4
14.2

32.2
17.2
2.1
3.5

32.6
17.6
2.0
3.6

32.8
17.6
2.1
3.6

208.0
108.6
13.7
22.0

213.3
111.4
14.7
22.4

214.8
111.7
14.8
22.6

179.8
66.6
18.7
25.2

183.3
68.3
19.7
25.6

183.1
68.2
19.4
25.4 •

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,417.7

8,550.9
451.4
119.6
555.5
114.6

8,581.0
449.8
119.6
554.3
114.4
44.2

4.3
.5

4.4
.6

4.0
.5

289.4
16.2
4.0
19.1
4.3
2.0
2.0
55.6
133.7
105.6
4.3
18.6
4.9
13.0

318.9

447.1

309.8
16.7

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro~Winston-Salem--High Point....
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

118.1
554.6
110.7
45.0
48.5
1,184.2
4,158.2
3,622.0
124.4
545.0
107.7
347.3
131.0

43.9
49.2
1,207.2
4,235.5
3,689.0

129.0
549.3
109.7
350.2

(
(< >>

(( ))>

49.3
1,214.5
4,263.8
3,714.1

129.4
547.6
110.2

349.5
133.4

3.3
21.2

406.7

133.7
414.5

416.4

3,865.6
113.7
791.8
660.4
677.8

3,887.9
114.5
803.5
665.2
683.1

3,893.0
114.9
803.6
666.1
684.7

4.0

321.0
50.4
100.7
49.2

321.9
50.6
100.9
49.4

321.2
50.5
100.3
49.2

4.0

3.7

3.6

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,557.9
329.3

5,583.6
333.4
189.9

5,597.1
333.5
190.2

13.1
.5
.5
.7
1.0
.6
.3

12.7
.5
.5
.6
.9
.5
.4

12.6
.5
.5
.6
.9
.5
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,465.9
24.6
38.5
522.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,581.7
143.7
73.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,577.9
277.7
59.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.




186.9
881.3
1,166.8
849.9
482.5

125.3
78.1
81.0
51.5
330.4
250.1

401.7

957.6
135.6

132.6
363.3
88.7

221.2
2,360.6
685.4
1,109.4
168.9
283.2
49.9

895.2

897.7

1,171.0

1,173.9
862.2
484.1

859.6
481.5
126.7

79.3
79.9

4.0

6.7
49.5
34.4
39.7

126.5
80.1
80.2
51.6

51.6
332.3
253.6

333.9
253.7

1,498.1
24.8

1,501.4
24.6

39.4
534.3
412.0

39.2
535.7

1,615.0
146.5
75.7
983.1
138.9

1,610.8

5,607.5
278.8
60.2
134.4
362.6
88.3
223.2
2,380.5
692.0
1,120.4

5,597.6
279.2
61.0
134.2

412.9

49.4
71.4
55.2

166.4

168.5

169.0

32.9
41.2

13.8
2.6
5.1
2.9

16.4
2.8
5.7
3.3

15.1
2.7
5.3
3.0

225.7
13.4
9.3
38.6
44.2
36.2

239.4

231.0
14.0
9.7
40.3
45.0

17.2
7.7
4.1
2.6
1.7

18.1
8.2
4.5

15.6
10.5

16.8
56.4
.9
1.6
20.0

14.5
9.8
41.2

46.5
37.9

2.6
1.8

36.9
17.8

7.9
4.4
2.5
1.6

55.1

17.5

55.8
.8
1.6
20.1
17.2

1.7
.2
.1

1.2
.2

1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3

1.8
.2
.1
1.2
.2

82.9
7.2
3.3
55.3
8.1

85.2
7.4
3.5
56.5
8.2

82.9
7.2
3.4
55.4
8.1

20.9

20.2

19.2

219.6

234.7
11.3
2.7
4.8

224.6
10.9
2.6
4.5
14.4
4.4
13.2
92.3

;

< !! >

I
4.2

4.1
.4

o

41.3

29.6
.8
.1
6.6
7.8

1,120.2

69.9
54.2

217.5
6.5
50.5

29.7
.8
.1
6.6
7.8

694.4
171.5

217.9
6.5
50.5
33.2

31.0
.8
.1
6.9
7.8

363.1
88.2
223.2
2,389.0

284.4

145.6
114.5
5.2
19.9
5.4
14.3
4.0
23.6

1.9
61.0
144.3
113.5
5.0
18.8
5.4
13.3
3.6
23.2

.4
.2
.4

137.0

49.7
73.9
55.5

62.1

4.2
19.6
4.6
2.0

.4
.2
.5

986.4

170.9

21.2
4.8
2.0
2.0

.4
.2
.4

146.3
75.4

284.5

219.7

17.8
4.5

1

4.1

1.0
1.4
19.6
16.3

10.8
2.6
4.5
13.6
4.3
13.0
92.1

9.9
49.2
6.9
10.6
1.5
2.1
2.1
8.5

11.7

14.6
4.6
13.4
95.4
10.4
53.8
7.5
11.3
1.7
2.2
2.2
9.0

16.4
11.0

9.9
50.7
7.2
10.1
1.6
2.0
2.1
8.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

916.8
38.9
25.3
89.8
18.1
9.9
8.0
115.8
314.8
262.4
12.1
122.8
11.9
50.8
20.3
38.5

907.7
39.5
24.3
87.8
18.6
9.1
8.0
116.3
312.8
259.3
12.3
119.3
12.3
50.7
19.7
39.0

904.6
39.4
24.1
87.8
18.3
9.2
8.0
116.9
310.0
256.5
12.2
118.7
12.3
50.6
19.9
39.0

417.8
17.6
5.1
26.2
4.1
1.6
1.4
53.9
237.3
209.7
7.3
17.8
5.9
19.9
3.7
20.9

422.6
17.9
5.0
26.9
4.4
1.5
1.5
54.7
238.8
211.0
7.5
17.9
5.8
20.3
3.8
21.3

423.1
17.6
5.0
26.6
4.4
1.5
1.5
54.8
239.8
211.9
7.6
17.9
5.8
19.8
3.8
21.3

1,736.6
95.9
25.9
135.2
21.3
10.9
11.3
307.4
738.3
616.4
35.4
116.9
26.2
80.3
26.7
91.2

1,729.4
94.4
25.6
134.4
21.5
10.6
11.5
305.3
743.7
622.6
36.2
116.7
26.3
79.4
27.4
90.6

1,758.6
95.9
26.1
136.1
21.9
10.8
11.6
311.8
758.1
633.8
36.6
118.4
26.7
80.4
27.6
93.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

821.5
19.4
139.9
163.3
84.8

803.2
18.4
138.1
158.2
85.7

802.4
18.5
137.6
158.4
85.9

175.2
4.9
50.3
36.1
29.4

177.1
5.0
50.2
37.2
29.2

177.0
5.1
50.4
37.4
29.3

889.2
28.2
189.2
149.5
143.9

888.0
29.0
187.9
151.0
143.2

894.0
28.8
188.5
152.2
144.1

24.1
2.7
7.9
4.0

23.6
2.8
7.8
4.0

23.5
2.7
7.8
4.0

17.9
3.2
5.1
2.2

18.0
3.2
5.0
2.0

18.0
3.2
5.0
2.1

82.3
12.3
28.5
13.6

81.9
12.5
28.6
13.2

82.6
12.6
28.7
13.4

1,097.0
65.3
47.7
144.2
222.4
93.3
99.9
21.8
19.8
23.2
13.1
60.0
56.1

1,084.5
64.3
47.4
143.7
220.4
94.2
95.0
21.5
19.2
22.3
13.2
60.0
55.1

1,087.0
64.2
47.3
144.9
221.2
94.1
95.8
21.6
19.4
22.5
13.1
60.1
55.0

244.5
14.9
5.2
48.7
47.2
38.2
21.3
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.8
14.8
11.1

247.4
15.4
5.4
48.9
48.0
38.3
21.2
4.8
3.5
3.2
2.8
15.9
11.1

247.1
15.5
5.5
48.7
48.0
38.2
21.3
4.7
3.5
3.2
2.8
15.7
11.2

1,372.3
82.2
45.9
230.5
281.4
223.7
113.2
33.3
18.4
18.4
11.2
82.7
63.8

1,358.2
84.4
47.5
230.8
277.2
222.9
111.8
32.8
18.8
18.0
10.9
83.1
65.5

1,381.3
84.9
47.9
234.1
281.9
225.1
113.6
33.0
19.1
18.2
10.9
84.5
66.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

186.2
2.3
3.8
55.1
58.1

187.2
2.4
3.9
54.6
58.1

187.3
2.4
3.9
54.5
58.3

83.8
2.2
1.6
24.2
33.7

85.2
2.2
1.6
24.8
35.1

85.5
2.2
1.6
24.8
35.1

340.7
6.3
9.1
124.4
94.9

346.4
6.3
9.4
126.5
96.1

348.9
6.3
9.3
127.3
96.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

238.1
22.0
9.0
145.1
16.3

240.4
23.4
9.3
145.4
17.6

239.9
23.3
9.3
145.8
16.5

77.4
4.4
3.5
55.5
3.8

81.6
4.2
3.7
57.2
3.9

81.5
4.2
3.6
57.5
3.9

397.1
36.6
23.5
240.9
29.4

397.7
36.8
24.2
244.4
29.4

399.8
37.3
24.3
247.2
29.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton~Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

938.5
56.1
10.2
34.6
47.3
12.9
57.5
305.2
57.3
140.7
42.3
55.7
12.0
9.1
13.5
47.3

929.5
55.4
10.1
34.4
43.6
12.7
56.8
302.7
56.6
140.2
42.6
54.7
10.7
9.3
13.9
46.8

929.2
55.7
10.1
34.2
43.9
12.5
56.6
303.2
56.5
139.8
43.0
54.5
10.8
9.1
13.6
46.8

290.7
16.1
4.5
4.8
24.6
5.3
8.2
112.5
34.8
69.2
9.0
16.4
1.9
2.1
2.2
8.6

291.7
16.8
4.3
4.6
24.9
5.3
8.3
113.5
36.1
70.0
8.9
16.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
8.8

292.0
16.7
4.5
4.7
25.1
5.3
8.2
113.4
36.0
70.1
9.0
16.5
2.0
2.2
2.1
9.1

1,271.6
61.0
16.2
29.8
83.0
21.3
55.5
528.5
116.0
268.0
39.7
68.7
12.9
13.4
13.4
41.4

1,259.1
60.6
16.2
30.1
82.9
21.4
56.0
525.1
114.2
265.2
39.3
68.5
13.3
14.0
13.8
42.7

1,263.7
61.1
16..3
30.3
83.3
21.4
56.5
536.0
115.4
269.5
40.1
69.6
13.1
13.9
14.0
43.0

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate>

Services

Government

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

743.5
25.9
3.8
29.6
4.7
1.3
2.3
79.6
524.9
491.3
5.6
20.8
5.1
17.8
8.3
27.0

745.7
26.0
4.2
29.5
5.1
1.2
2.3
79.6
525.6
491.6
5.5
21.0
5.1
17.9
8.3
27.3

749.7
26.2
4.3
29.5
5.1
1.3
2.3
80.0
528.7
494.5
5.7
21.1
5.1
17.9
8.2
27.4

2,870.1
141.9
31.3
165.8
35.1
11.9
13.1
383.5
1,563.9
1,375.4
32.7
165.3
34.4
102.1
40.3
147.2

2,956.6
144.5
32.7
166.5
36.6
12.0
13.2
394.5
1,621.4
1,428.4
33.2
169.5
35.4
102.9
42.1
150.3

2,968.8
143.9
32.9
165.5
36.6
11.9
13.3
396.0
1,631.2
1,438.4
33.4
168.6
35.4
103.3
41.9
150.2

1,439.3
110.1
22.7
88.9
23.0
7.4
10.5
188.4
645.4
561.0
27.1
82.4
19.3
63.4
28.4
60.8

1,465.6
110.7
23.3
89.2
23.6
7.5
10.7
194.7
647.6
561.4
29.1
84.6
19.4
64.7
28.4
62.4

1,462.4
109.6
23.0
89.2
23.5
7.5
10.7
194.0
651.7
565.3
28.9
83.8
19.5
64.2
28.4
62.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

182.6
3.7
62.2
34.8
30.6

184.6
3.7
65.5
34.1
30.4

185.1
3.8
65.4
34.3
30.7

960.5
34.1
205.7
171.4
218.0

981.1
34.7
214.6
181.4
219.0

981.4
34.9
214.3
180.9
219.0

612.9
16.7
95.0
70.9
131.4

631.9
17.2
96.7
70.1
134.3

631.6
17.3
96.9
70.0
134.5

16.0
2.5
7.0
1.4

16.0
2.5
7.1
1.4

16.2
2.5
7.1
1.4

90.5
16.2
31.2
11.9

90.3
16.1
31.2
12.0

89.9
16.1
30.9
11.8

72.4
10.9
15.9
13.2

72.0
10.7
15.5
13.5

72.3
10.7
15.5
13.5

302.1
13.2
6.3
55.9
76.3
75.9
19.3
6.8
2.0
2.5
1.4
11.4
9.3

306.6
13.7
6.6
57.1
77.0
78.2
19.4
7.3
2.0
2.4
1.4
11.4
9.3

307.6
13.7
6.6
57.3
76.9
78.7
19.4
7.3
2.1
2.4
1.4
11.4
9.4

1,518.8
89.1
51.2
258.6
347.9
242.4
139.4
29.8
20.0
19.8
14.6
95.4
66.3

1,543.2
90.3
51.7
266.3
351.6
247.5
143.0
30.3
20.7
19.9
14.6
95.6
67.3

1,537.5
90.8
51.8
265.4
350.4
247.8
142.5
30.4
20.9
19.9
14.8
96.1
67.6

784.4
50.7
20.8
104.1
146.4
139.6
71.9
21.1
10.5
11.1
6.3
50.3
32.6

791.6
50.3
21.0
106.6
149.4
140.1
72.6
21.8
10.6
11.5
6.5
49.3
33.1

793.0
49.9
20.9
106.4
149.6
140.9
73.3
21.6
10.7
11.5
6.6
49.5
33.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

75.0
1.1
1.8
30.3
21.9

76.8
1.1
1.9
31.2
22.8

77.4
1.1
1.9
31.3
23.0

408.9
6.8
8.4
157.4
124.7

425.4
6.9
8.6
164.9
130.4

424.8
6.8
8.6
165.0
130.2

285.2
4.1
12.3
104.7
44.3

291.0
4.2
12.3
105.7
44.2

292.1
4.2
12.2
106.1
44.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

95.5
7.4
3.1
68.1
6.8

96.5
7.4
3.1
69.9
6.7

96.5
7.4
3.1
69.8
6.7

423.6
39.1
19.5
267.8
32.2

439.8
40.4
20.1
279.8
33.1

439.1
40.2
20.1
281.4
32.5

265.4
26.8
11.6
123.7
38.8

271.9
26.7
11.7
128.7
39.7

269.3
26.5
11.5
128.1
39.5

319.4
14.2
1.6
5.4
25.6
4.2
9.8
162.8
51.7
64.9
8.5
14.1
1.5
2.0
2.1
5.1

323.0
14.2
1.6
5.7
25.1
4.2
9.9
163.6
51.3
65.7
8.8
14.4
1.5
2.2
2.2
5.2

324.2
14.4
1.6
5.7
25.1
4.2
9.9
164.0
51.5
65.9
8.8
14.7
1.5
2.2
2.1
5.2

1,793.8
87.5
16.3
37.8
101.9
26.6
57.9
863.2
301.9
386.6
42.3
81.4
14.5
14.3
14.7
38.4

1,821.1
88.7
16.5
39.2
104.7
25.8
58.7
883.8
310.6
395.5
43.2
82.6
14.8
14.7
15.0
39.4

1,816.7
88.3
16.9
39.0
104.3
26.1
58.7
881.9
311.7
394.3
43.0
82.3
14.6
14.5
15.0
39.4

723.4
32.0
8.5
15.7
67.3
14.1
18.9
296.3
113.8
126.6
20.2
35.9
5.6
26.9
6.2
16.7

728.2
31.8
8.8
15.6
66.8
14.3
19.7
296.4
112.8
125.9
20.6
36.1
5.8
29.3
6.3
16.2

728.0
32.1
9.0
15.8
67.0
14.3
19.7
298.2
113.4
125.8
20.4
36.3
5.8
27.5
6.3
16.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.




90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

467.0
528.4

475.5
535.4

472.9
533.8

1,819.2
239.7
297.6
476.1

1,854.8
250.3
307.0
486.6

1,861.5
251.4
308.5
488.8

364.8
48.1
107.8

367.5
48.7
110.5

368.1
48.7
110.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,681.8
221.3
197.9
324.9
596.9
661.8

2,702.9
220.8
196.3
327.8
601.7
670.7

2,705.9
221.6
196.6
326.3
602.4
672.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas...
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9,127.2
58.6
97.8
612.6
164.4
75.7
100.6
75.0
158.2

9,353.0
59.0

9,383.6
59.2

100.2
642.9

100.5
643.2

166.7

1,873.6
249.1

1,930.5
255.7

754.9

781.7

89.8
2,025.3
101.0

90.2
2,072.1
102.4
67.8
92.8

166.2
76.0
101.9
78.0
158.4
1,936.5
256.6
785.4
90.5
2,081.4

81.5
36.3
98.6
60.9

105.8
45.6
714.0
46.2
52.4
83.8
37.2
101.9
60.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

1,049.3
144.1
704.9

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
G reenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

.2
.3

.2
.3

15.6
17.9

17.0
18.9

16.1
18.2

1.8

109.1
17.7
16.5
31.5

115.1
20.0
18.0
33.7

115.3
20.1
18.0
33.9

1.8

1

(M
1

1.8

< ))
< 1 )>
(

< >
< >

< ))
)

1.6

1.4

1.3

15.4
2.8
4.9

16.9
3.1
5.9

15.9
3.1
5.1

4.2
4

4.1

4.1

.5

.5

126.5
9.5
11.0
16.0
27.9
33.1

135.4
9.9
11.1
16.3
27.8
33.4

134.9
10.1
11.1
16.1
27.9
33.4

153.5
1.0
.6

154.3
1.0
.6
1.3
.8
1.4
1
( )
.8

536.8
2.4
4.5
36.5
17.9
11.8
3.9
3.4
11.2

533.7
2.4
4.4
36.6
17.7
11.9

99.6

99.3

12.1
43.5
4.4
148.6
4.5
2.5
4.3
4.3
7.2
7.1
2.0
37.5
2.6
2.3
3.5
2.5
5.0
2.5

12.2
43.4
4.4
148.1
4.4
2.5
4.3
4.2
7.2
7.0
2.1
37.4
2.6
2.3
3.5
2.5
5.1
2.4

162.3

84.3
37.1
101.8
60.7

1.6
1.7
1.1

1.0

1.0

507.8
2.3
4.4
34.0
16.5
10.9
4.0
3.1
11.4
92.3
11.6
39.5
4.2
140.4
4.2
2.3
4.2
4.2
6.9
7.6
2.0
36.2
2.4
2.1
3.2
2.4
4.8
2.5

1,073.9
150.9
717.6

1,077.1
151.3
719.0

7.7

7.5

7.5

70.1

2.8

2.8

2.7

9.4
44.7

76.9
10.7
50.5

75.0
10.5
48.9

294.0
31.5
103.3

296.2
32.0
104.7

300.4
32.3
105.1

.6

.7

.6

14.5
1.5
5.6

15.9
1.4
6.1

15.4
1.4
6.2

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,379.4

3,437.5
40.6
87.5
46.0
101.6

3,443.3
40.8
87.6
46.2
101.6

10.6

9.6

9.6

203.8
1.6
4.5
2.8

696.9

698.7

1,065.1
544.6
147.5

1,102.2
562.0
149.6

1,107.0
563.5
150.2

192.9
1.6
4.4
2.6
6.0
40.1
61.2
33.4

64.9
35.3
8.7

203.8
1.6
4.5
2.7
6.1
41.8
64.0
35.3
8.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,637.3
1,377.7

2,696.4
1,406.3

190.2
240.5

191.2
243.1

2,688.9
1,409.6
190.2
243.6

155.1
80.2
10.5
14.0

151.2
78.4
10.0
13.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

65.6
91.9
117.8
142.6
106.9

44.9
694.4
45.1
51.8

39.4
85.3

46.4
100.3
689.1

75.9
101.6
78.5
158.6

102.7
68.4

93.2
120.3

119.8

145.9

147.5
105.8

45.6
716.1

46.1
52.4

See footnotes at end of table.




91

1.3
.6
1.3
.9
1.5

1.3
.8
1.5
1

1

( )

( )

.8
2.2
11.8
(1)

.8
2.1
11.7
(1)
4.6
.7
63.6
(1)
1.4
3.1
.1

4.6
.8
68.1
(1)
1.8
3.4
.1
1.2
12.4
.6
1.8

1.2
11.5
.5
1.8

]
1.6
1.7

2.1
11.8
(1)
4.6
.7
64.4
(1)
1.4
3.1
.1
1.2
11.3
.5
1.8
;
1.6
1.7

< >
(
>
(
>

9.0

0)
3.3
.7

3.3
.7

3.2
.6

141.8

73.6
9.9
13.9

6.2
41.3

3.9
3.3
11.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

78.9
103.2

79.5
102.6

78.7
101.4

16.2
18.9

16.2
19.0

16.2
19.1

102.7
122.1

104.6
124.8

105.3
125.6

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
G reenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

364.8
22.3
26.4

359.8
22.8
26.9

81.1
12.9
13.9
21.4

81.8
13.0
13.9
21.5

123.4

452.4
63.5
70.9
126.5

456.9
64.4
72.2

120.3

78.7
13.0
13.3
20.9

444.3
60.3
69.5

121.1

360.3
23.0
27.0
120.5

50.0
4.8
14.7

49.7
4.6
14.9

49.5
4.6
14.8

17.1
2.0
7.0

16.9
2.0
7.0

17.1
2.0
7.2

90.4
13.6
27.0

90.7
13.7
27.9

91.2
13.8
28.4

511.0
44.4
48.9
47.3
63.0
95.4

505.8
44.6
46.8
47.0
62.2
97.8

506.0
44.6
46.6
47.0
61.9
98.1

159.2
11.6
7.8
14.2
71.9
32.5

163.5
11.7
8.0
14.4
74.8
33.2

163.5
11.7
8.0
14.3
75.7
33.2

647.5
49.7
46.1
88.4
151.0
164.8

653.9
48.9
46.2
89.6
151.6
166.6

659.8
49.4
46.5
89.1
153.3
167.8

1,108.2
3.5
9.5
82.0
26.4
15.3

1,101.6
3.5
9.2

1,102.5
3.5
9.2
86.7
25.6

12.1
4.7
13.4
253.2

11.8
5.4

556.2
2.6
5.4
20.6
8.1
2.7
4.7
1.6
6.6
128.9

571.0
2.6
5.7
21.8
8.2
2.7
4.9
1.6
6.7
131.9
15.3
74.9
4.5

574.7
2.6
5.7
21.9
8.1
2.7
4.8
1.6
6.7

2,195.4
16.5
28.5
141.8
38.0
15.7
24.7
16.4
36.5

2,225.1
16.7
28.9
143.2
38.3
15.8
25.0
16.3
36.6

464.5
61.0
197.9
20.1

468.9
61.6
201.3
20.3

146.6
3.3
12.3
4.0
6.1
5.4
3.9
3.2
32.5
1.7
2.9
3.8
1.6
4.1
2.9

75.1
4.5
147.4
3.3
12.3
4.0
6.2
5.5
3.9
3.2
32.7
1.7
2.9
3.8
1.6
4.1
3.0

2,171.6
15.9
27.8
134.3
38.0
15.4
24.3
15.8
36.6
457.5
60.3
192.5
20.0
468.5
23.9
17.7
23.6
33.2
39.6
28.5
10.4
169.8
10.1
14.1
21.9
9.9
23.0
14.4

478.5
24.1
17.9
24.1
33.6
40.5
28.5
10.5
171.6
9.9
14.2
22.7
10.0
23.6
14.5

488.5
24.3
18.3
24.4
33.8
41.6
28.9
10.7
173.7
10.0
14.3
23.1
10.0
23.7
14.9

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

86.2
26.0

14.0
11.8
5.4

13.9

127.8

113.6
8.1
213.2
9.7
1.7
19.7
7.2

13.5
256.5
42.3
113.7
8.1
212.9
9.8
1.7
19.8
7.4

12.3
6.8
5.0
53.0
9.9
5.5

12.4
6.8
4.9
53.2
9.9
5.5

16.4
8.7

10.9
3.2
16.6
7.8

11.0
3.2
16.6
7.9

71.7
4.1
143.7
3.4
11.4
4.1
5.8
5.2
4.0
2.9
32.7
1.7
2.8
3.9
1.6
3.9
3.0

135.0
20.4
83.4

133.7
19.8
83.0

133.7
19.9
83.0

60.4
2.3
47.1

60.3
2.3
47.4

60.7
2.3
47.6

251.1
32.8
174.9

254.7
35.3
173.0

258.4
35.9
175.5

49.1
3.7
19.2

49.4
4.1
19.3

49.7
4.1
19.5

12.5
1.2
4.8

12.6
1.3
4.6

12.5
1.3
4.7

67.0
6.9
22.5

66.9
7.0
22.5

67.8
7.1
22.4

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

403.4
9.1
8.6

401.6
9.4
8.4

758.8
11.7

763.6
11.8
17.4

18.7

70.9
43.2
62.0
19.0

187.7
1.4
2.6
1.0
3.6
33.1
74.2
30.3
9.0

763.2

15.0
24.6

177.2
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.5
31.5
66.6
29.1
9.1

186.4

15.2
25.3
71.0
44.1
60.4

400.4
9.5
8.5
15.1
24.6
70.8
43.1
62.3
18.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane

372.8
227.0
19.6
24.8

360.2
208.4
20.7
23.6

356.5
207.6
20.5
23.6

139.8
81.7
8.2

141.8
85.1
8.3
9.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Tacoma

41.5
112.0
8.3
219.2
9.4
1.8
19.8
7.8
12.8

7.1
4.8
52.7
10.1
5.5
10.8
3.2

13.6
256.8

42.1

See footnotes at end of table.




92

14.3

9.1

1.3
2.6
1.0
3.6
32.8
73.6
30.1

9.0

132.6
15.4

141.9

86.3
8.3

9.8

11.4

17.3
10.0
21.2
166.1
227.6
130.7
38.2
648.5
329.6
50.0
61.0

17.1
9.6

9.7
21.4

21.2
164.9
228.0

165.7
233.0

131.7
38.5

133.7
39.1

662.4
336.6
50.0
60.5

668.3
340.5

49.9
61.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

29.2
31.5

29.8
31.8

29.8
31.9

159.0
167.8

162.4
171.6

160.3
170.3

65.2
66.8

65.8
66.4

66.3
67.0

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Qreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

81.3
8.6
22.3
16.4

83.8
8.8
23.3
16.5

84.0
8.8
23.1
16.6

422.4
66.1
73.9
103.3

438.6
70.7
77.5
108.6

438.2
70.9
77.6
108.7

316.8
51.7
75.7
59.5

322.2
51.6
76.5
59.6

323.2
51.2
76.7
59.8

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

23.3
2.8
12.5

23.5
3.2
12.4

23.8
3.2
12.3

95.0
14.5
31.6

95.7
14.2
32.5

96.1
14.2
32.8

72.0
7.6
10.1

72.7
7.9
9.9

73.2
7.8
10.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

126.9
15.8
6.1
14.9
28.3
42.4

127.7
15.5
6.2
15.3
29.1
42.6

127.7
15.5
6.2
15.3
29.0
42.6

715.1
57.4
48.3
87.8
172.5
208.0

723.1
57.2
48.4
89.5
173.5
210.4

721.8
57.0
48.4
89.0
172.9
210.3

391.4
32.9
29.7
55.7
82.3
85.6

389.4
33.0
29.6
55.2
82.7
86.7

388.1
33.3
29.8
55.0
81.7
86.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christ!
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

507.3
2.6
5.2
32.2
5.3
1.9
3.6
2.7
6.3
154.4
9.8
35.5
6.0
108.9
4.3
2.4
3.7
5.9
5.2
3.9
1.8
46.3
2.6
1.7
4.1
1.5
6.1
2.3

524.8
2.6
5.3
33.2
5.3
1.9
3.7
2.7
6.3
159.9
9.9
37.0
6.2
112.2
4.5
2.5
3.9
6.0
5.3
3.9
2.0
48.0
2.6
1.4
4.1
1.5
6.2
2.4

527.7
2.6
5.3
33.4
5.3
1.9
3.7
2.7
6.3
160.8
9.9
37.3
6.2
112.7
4.6
2.6
4.0
6.0
5.3
3.9
2.0
48.1
2.6
1.4
4.1
1.5
6.3
2.4

2,564.3
20.0
27.6
178.7
42.5
13.6
28.0
16.0
50.5
568.0
58.4
203.2
19.4
618.0
27.6
13.1
21.5
34.9
32.9
25.1
13.0
218.7
12.2
14.4
24.5
9.6
29.1
16.1

2,676.0
20.3
28.6
187.7
43.1
13.7
27.8
16.3
51.5
593.1
60.9
212.2
19.7
638.5
28.0
13.7
21.8
36.0
33.4
25.7
12.9
235.1
13.3
14.7
25.6
10.1
30.8
16.0

2,678.8
20.3
28.7
188.1
43.2
13.6
28.0
16.3
51.6
593.4
60.9
212.2
19.9
639.9
28.0
13.9
21.8
36.2
33.7
25.7
12.8
234.5
13.3
14.6
25.7
10.1
30.4
16.0

1,549.5
10.4
17.3
129.5
26.7
14.4
23.9
30.3
31.2
207.5
53.2
95.9
27.0
258.5
28.2
15.1
11.6
25.9
38.8
18.3
9.4
136.2
6.0
11.2
11.5
6.4
15.3
12.8

1,593.9
10.1
17.8
134.4
27.4
14.7
24.8
31.9
30.7
213.0
54.4
98.0
26.5
270.9
28.3
15.8
11.9
26.5
40.6
18.4
9.5
134.5
6.2
11.4
11.6
6.6
15.6
13.2

1,586.8
10.1
17.7
132.0
27.2
14.7
24.7
31.6
30.6
213.2
54.3
97.8
26.4
267.5
28.3
15.7
11.8
26.4
40.6
18.3
9.4
134.7
6.0
11.4
11.5
6.5
15.6
13.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

56.9
4.4
45.7

59.6
4.9
48.4

60.2
4.9
48.8

287.0
54.6
193.1

296.0
57.6
194.8

298.2
57.6
195.6

181.1
20.2
113.2

185.2
20.3
117.7

183.4
20.2
116.9

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.6
2.4
4.8

13.0
2.5
4.9

13.1
2.6
4.9

88.6
8.7
29.6

87.7
8.8
30.5

91.5
9.0
30.6

49.1
7.1
16.8

50.0
6.9
16.8

49.8
6.8
16.8

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

177.2
1.4
4.5
1.5
4.2
33.0
60.1
45.9
10.3

180.5
1.4
4.8
1.6
4.3
33.0
62.0
48.1
10.6

181.2
1.4
4.9
1.6
4.3
33.0
62.4
48.6
10.6

1,039.7
8.8
20.9
10.2
26.8
202.2
422.6
140.3
44.2

1,072.6
9.2
22.1
10.1
28.1
206.0
443.9
146.8
45.8

1,074.4
9.0
22.0
10.1
28.0
207.3
444.3
146.4
46.0

615.2
5.8
27.2
5.9
13.3
145.2
182.1
104.0
18.0

624.2
6.0
28.0
5.9
13.6
148.0
185.8
107.1
18.0

622.6
6.1
27.7
6.0
13.6
147.0
185.2
106.0
17.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

138.2
83.5
11.1
12.6

142.2
86.5
11.4
13.2

143.5
87.1
11.4
13.3

720.8
396.9
59.3
69.1

745.1
413.5
57.7
71.4

745.8
418.6
57.6
71.2

472.1
184.7
32.1
49.8

486.3
195.3
32.6
50.4

478.5
190.5
32.5
50.5

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

730.6
133.8
124.7
71.8
67.4

736.8
135.7
124.8
72.9
68.4

737.0
135.2
125.5
73.2
68.3

22.7
2.0
1.5
.3
1.7

20.7
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5

20.7
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5

35.2
6.6
5.3
4.5
2.5

36.0
7.0
5.5
4.8
2.8

34.4
6.9
5.5
4.6
2.8

2,750.4
200.0
75.9
138.7
70.4
55.4
71.9
282.7
860.2
83.1
59.8
68.1

2,777.9
205.6
76.9
142.2
68.9
55.5
73.7
288.4
868.1
82.4
60.0
69.9

2,776.9
205.6
76.5
142.0
70.0
56.2
73.6
287.6
870.3
82.4
60.3
69.8

2.5

114.2
11.6
2.8
6.5
2.7
2.3
2.6
13.7
31.9
3.4
2.4
3.2

122.5
12.4
3.3
7.5
2.9
2.5
3.2
14.3
34.3
3.7
2.5
3.3

115.8
11.8
2.8
7.0
2.9
2.4
2.9
14.1
33.3
3.4
2.4
3.1

Wyoming
Casper

226.2
31.0

231.0
32.0

230.3
32.1

16.0
2.0

15.2
1.9

17.4
2.3

16.1
2.2

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

996.1
69.7
72.2
77.6
618.5

981.0
68.1
67.2
78.0
609.1

999.3
70.4
68.7
79.1
620.6

1.5

58.3
3.1
4.4
6.2
39.7

61.8
2.6
4.2
6.6
41.7

61.4
2.6
4.1
6.6
41.3

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

41.8

2.8
(1
/1
(1
/1
(1
(1
(1

(1)
(1)
<1>
(1
(1
(1)

/1 \

/ 1 V

(1)
/1 \
(1)
(1)

0)
(11)
()
(11)
( )

1

( )

(1)

/1 \

(|)

16.7
2.0

15.7
1.9

1.4

1.5

(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
.7

(J

)
\
)
\
)
)
)

.7

(])
(1)
( )

.7

1.8

<*)

See footnotes at end of table.




2.5
(1)
(1)
(1 )
(1)

94

<2>

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

82.1
9.9
16.0
13.0
6.3

83.1
10.3
15.7
12.5
6.3

83.6
10.2
15.8
12.6
6.1

39.4
9.2
7.0
2.6
2.8

39.4
9.7
7.0
2.7
2.7

39.3
9.6
7.0
2.7
2.7

168.2
32.8
32.4
18.3
17.4

169.7
33.4
32.1
19.0
17.7

170.4
33.6
32.4
19.3
17.7

613.5
59.8
14.0
28.7
20.5
12.4
12.2
29.2
178.9
25.4
24.8
19.1

609.9
60.1
13.5
29.2
18.4
11.5
11.4
30.1
175.5
24.0
25.1
19.1

610.0
60.2
13.4
28.9
19.3
11.6
11.3
30.2
176.4
23.7
25.2
19.2

130.7
8.6
3.5
9.7
3.0
1.9
3.4
9.6
42.2
2.6
1.8
3.3

129.8
9.4
3.6
10.1
2.7
1.9
3.7
10.0
41.2
2.7
1.8
3.3

130.5
9.5
3.6
10.1
2.7
1.9
3.6
10.0
41.1
2.7
1.8
3.2

626.3
42.7
20.8
32.7
16.7
13.3
19.5
62.7
184.9
17.9
10.8
17.3

628.3
43.7
20.8
33.5
17.2
13.5
20.2
63.7
184.3
17.5
10.8
18.0

633.4
43.9
21.0
33.9
17.4
13.7
20.4
63.8
185.9
17.8
10.9
18.0

11.0
1.5

11.5
1.5

11.5
1.6

14.1
1.8

14.5
1.8

14.4
1.9

52.4
8.6

53.5
8.5

53.8
8.6

144.8
15.6
18.4
9.2
65.5

137.6
14.9
14.6
9.2
65.5

137.4
14.9
14.6
9.1
65.5

26.9
1.2
.8
2.3
20.0

27.9
1.1
.8
2.3
20.3

27.9
1.2
.8
2.2
20.2

212.4
16.8
13.2
14.7
139.2

205.3
16.4
12.5
15.0
134.4

214.4
17.2
13.3
15.7
139.9

2.4

(2)

(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




95

2.4

(2)

(2)

9.2

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah

Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse

Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha

Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin islands

December
1998

November

December
1999P

December

November

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

29.0
8.1
4.4
2.6
2.6

29.2
7.9
4.8
2.7
2.6

29.3
8.0
4.8
2.7
2.6

211.5
41.0
36.2
20.9
23.9

215.7
41.3
36.3
21.5
24.5

216.0
40.9
36.6
21.5
24.6

142.5
24.2
21.9
9.6

143.0
24.3

143.3
24.2
22.1
9.5
10.3

146.0
9.7
2.6
10.0
2.0

149.9
10.3
3.0

150.6
10.3

9.8
2.1

9.8
2.1

1.8
2.7

21.8
58.9
2.4
2.2
5.2

1.8
2.7
22.3
59.5
2.5
2.2
5.5

1.8
2.7
22.4
59.7
2.5
2.2
5.5

712.4
44.6
19.9
34.5
16.7
15.1
20.9
72.1

727.9
46.3
20.3
35.3
16.7
15.7
21.6
73.9

404.8
23.2
12.3
16.5
8.7
8.6
10.7
73.6

270.4
21.6
11.4
12.4

726.0
46.0
20.2
35.2
16.8
15.2
21.7
73.7
279.9
22.2
11.2
12.9

281.0
22.4
11.3
13.0

92.9
9.8
6.4
7.7

8.6
1.2

8.5
1.2

8.5
1.2

48.6
8.5

49.4
9.1

49.7
8.9

47.5
1.7
2.0
2.3
37.0

45.4
1.4
1.9
2.3
35.4

46.1
1.6
2.1
2.4
35.7

200.5
12.7
11.7
17.4
133.6

200.8
12.5
12.1
17.6
131.8

203.5
13.1
12.2
17.6

3.1

10.5

1.9

1

9.4
10.3
408.6
23.7
12.6
16.9
8.8
9.0
10.9
74.4
93.4

406.2
23.5
12.3
17.0
8.9
9.1
10.9
73.2

7.8

93.0
9.8
6.6
7.7

59.6
5.5

60.5
5.7

60.3
5.7

304.3
18.6
21.7
25.5
182.8

300.7
19.2
21.1
25.0
179.3

307.1
19.8
21.6
25.5
184.4

9.8
6.6

13.6

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.

2




132.9

10.2

22.1

96

Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and Unemployment:

Employment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area
National labor force statistics
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:

Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:

National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cbahome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:

Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity
Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/lprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:

Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes




http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Average weekly hours
Industry

SIC
uoae

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average overtime hours

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

34.7

34.0

34.5

34.6

34.3

_

_

_

41.7

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P
_

40.5

41.5

41.5

40.8

-

-

-

-

-

43.7

42.3

44.7

44.4

44.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

43.8
43.5
46.6

43.7
44.7
45.5

44.9
44.2
48.0

44.6
44.4
47.7

_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.7
45.7

45.2
45.4

45.1
45.2

44.4
44.6

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

42.2
42.6
42.1

40.6
40.1
40.9

43.9
39.7
46.3

44.0
41.6
45.4

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

45.9
48.2

44.1
46.0

46.7
48.3

45.3
46.9

_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

39.1

37.9

39.5

38.7

38.3

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
—
—
_
-

_

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

15
152
153
154

38.5
37.2
37.6
39.8

37.2
35.6
37.2
38.8

38.3
37.0
36.8
39.6

37.8
36.8
36.7
38.8

_
_
-

16
161
162

41.2
39.8
41.8

41.0
39.8
41.3

43.5
44.1
43.2

41.5
40.8
41.8

_
_
-

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

38.8
39.8
37.1
40.7
36.6
37.0
35.3

37.4
38.9
36.2
39.4
35.0
35.5
32.8

39.0
39.1
37.7
39.7
36.6
37.4
36.7

38.4
39.6
37.7
40.4
35.7
36.9
33.8

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

42.6
43.3
41.7
39.4
42.7
43.0
42.0
43.0
42.9
42.6
42.4
44.5
39.8
39.3
39.4
41.1

41.3
41.9
40.7
40.9
42.2
42.7
41.1
41.1
41.1
40.0
42.1
43.4
38.6
37.8
38.4
40.1

42.2
42.7
41.4
41.2
43.0
43.5
41.8
42.0
41.9
41.9
42.9
41.5
39.5
38.3
38.0
41.0

42.5
43.1
41.3
40.0
43.1
43.7
41.7
42.1
41.7
41.2
43.6
44.0
39.8
36.6
36.2
41.6

41.6
42.2
40.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

4.9
5.2
4.7
5.1
5.1
5.4
4.0
5.4
4.4
5.9
5.3
6.9
4.0
2.7
2.6
3.7

4.3
4.5
4.1
5.4
5.0
5.4
3.5
4.3
3.7
3.7
5.2
6.4
3.3
2.3
2.4
3.3

4.9
5.0
4.4
4.7
5.3
5.8
3.8
4.5
4.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
3.6
2.3
1.9
4.1

5.1
5.3
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.6
3.5
4.4
3.9
4.3
5.6
5.3
3.5
1.8
1.5
4.5

4.5
4.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

41.5
40.8
40.5
41.5
41.0
39.9
43.4
41.9
42.2
41.6

40.1
39.6
39.3
39.8
40.7
39.9
41.3
39.8
42.2
38.3

40.4
39.6
39.9
39.2
41.1
39.0
43.1
40.7
41.0
40.6

41.3
40.9
40.8
40.8
42.8
41.2
43.8
41.1
41.3
40.7

40.1
_
_
—
_
-

4.0
3.5
3.3
3.7
4.0
3.4
4.6
5.4
4.4
4.4

3.5
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.5
3.0

3.7
3.2
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.2
5.0
4.3
4.1
3.8

4.3
4.0
3.8
3.8
5.5
4.6
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




98

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

•

_

_

_

_

_

-

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

$13.00

$13.11

$13.43

$13.46

$13.59

$451.10

$445.74

$463.34

$465.72

$466.14

14.56

14.46

15.03

15.09

15.03

607.15

585.63

623.75

626.24

613.22

17.29

17.23

16.95

17.15

17.26

755.57

728.83

757.67

761.46

766.34

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.22
20.37
16.87

18.21
20.04
16.79

18.45
20.09
16.36

18.52
20.29
16.14

798.04
886.10
786.14

795.78
895.79
763.95

828.41
887.98
785.28

825.99
900.88
769.88

Coalmining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.41
19.67

19.26
19.49

19.38
19.61

19.47
19.71

887.04
898.92

870.55
884.85

874.04
886.37

864.47
879.07

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

17.30
23.49
13.94

17.15
23.35
13.76

16.59
23.11
13.33

16.90
23.55
13.45

730.06
1,000.67
586.87

696.29
936.34
562.78

728.30
917.47
617.18

743.60
979.68
610.63

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

14.94
14.15

14.90
14.10

15.27
14.65

15.25
14.61

685.75
682.03

657.09
648.60

713.11
707.60

690.83
685.21

16.87

16.74

17.37

17.42

659.62

634.45

686.12

674.15

Crushed and broken stone
Construction

17.36

664.89

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

15
152
153
154

16.24
15.10
15.16
17.30

16.22
15.15
15.30
17.23

16.74
15.48
15.67
17.98

16.88
15.65
15.80
18.08

625.24
561.72
570.02
688.54

603.38
539.34
569.16
668.52

641.14
572.76
576.66
712.01

638.06
575.92
579.86
701.50

16
161
162

16.25
16.02
16.33

16.01
15.40
16.19

16.93
17.13
16.84

16.56
16.40
16.62

669.50
637.60
682.59

656.41
612.92
668.65

736.46
755.43
727.49

687.24
669.12
694.72

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

17.23
17.50
15.45
18.82
16.93
16.63
15.18

17.08
17.36
15.37
18.65
16.69
16.66
14.83

17.69
17.87
15.74
19.43
17.29
17.65
15.46

17.79
18.06
15.73
19.63
17.27
17.59
15.61

668.52
696.50
573.20
765.97
619.64
615.31
535.85

638.79
675.30
556.39
734.81
584.15
591.43
486.42

689.91
698.72
593.40
771.37
632.81
660.11
567.38

683.14
715.18
593.02
793.05
616.54
649.07
527.62

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.69
14.16
11.33
12.84
11.24
11.71
9.54
11.54
11.47
11.69
10.25
13.46
9.13
11.55
11.74
10.62

13.66
14.11
11.28
12.73
11.27
11.72
9.66
11.41
11.36
11.48
10.26
13.55
9.11
11.55
11.71
10.71

14.08
14.58
11.59
13.52
11.48
11.94
9.88
11.73
11.84
11.73
10.44
14.05
9.38
11.67
11.86
10.92

14.20
14.73
11.64
13.33
11.53
11.99
9.91
11.81
11.89
11.78
10.57
14.11
9.40
11.84
12.08
11.07

14.17
14.67
11.71

583.19
613.13
472.46
505.90
479.95
503.53
400.68
496.22
492.06
497.99
434.60
598.97
363.37
453.92
462.56
436.48

564.16
591.21
459.10
520.66
475.59
500.44
397.03
468.95
466.90
459.20
431.95
588.07
351.65
436.59
449.66
429.47

594.18
622.57
479.83
557.02
493.64
519.39
412.98
492.66
496.10
491.49
447.88
583.08
370.51
446.96
450.68
447.72

603.50
634.86
480.73
533.20
496.94
523.96
413.25
497.20
495.81
485.34
460.85
620.84
374.12
433.34
437.30
460.51

589.47
619.07
476.60

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

11.10
10.52
10.05
11.32
9.73
11.16
12.03
12.53
11.56
11.19

11.10
10.55
10.10
11.29
9.70
11.43
11.86
12.50
11.60
11.22

11.35
10.79
10.27
11.66
9.98
11.47
12.17
12.34
12.02
11.54

11.47
10.90
10.38
11.73
10.22
11.59
12.31
12.54
12.15
11.59

11.38

460.65
429.22
407.03
469.78
398.93
445.28
522.10
525.01
487.83
465.50

445.11
417.78
396.93
449.34
394.79
456.06
489.82
497.50
489.52
429.73

458.54
427.28
409.77
457.07
410.18
447.33
524.53
502.24
492.82
468.52

473.71
445.81
423.50
478.58
437.42
477.51
539.18
515.39
501.80
471.71

456.34

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
,
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
,
Mobile homes
,
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

,

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291

3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357

336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

43.8
43.5
42.8
44.6
41.7
43.5
44.2
42.7
42.7
44.8
47.9
44.8
43.7
44.1
42.8
52.9

42.5
43.0
41.6
43.2
40.6
43.1
45.4
41.7
41.7
42.6
45.0
43.8
40.5
43.0
41.1
47.0

44.1
42.1
42.6
43.2
42.2
43.6
44.7
41.9
41.8
45.7
47.3
44.4
46.1
44.0
43.9
46.4

43.2
42.1
42.9
43.9
42.4
43.5
43.7
42.6
42.9
43.2
45.8
43.6
41.7
44.2
45.1
48.0

42.3

6.3
7.4
5.4
6.6
4.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.2
7.5
9.8
7.2
7.0
5.9
3.3
11.8

5.7
6.6
4.9
5.7
4.4
4.9
6.9
4.9
4.9
6.7
8.2
6.9
5.8
5.2
2.5
9.0

6.7
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.6
6.0
5.3
4.7
8.6
9.8
7.3
9.2
5.7
3.7
9.4

6.0
5.0
5.2
5.8
4.8
5.7
5.1
5.6
5.3
6.7
8.6
6.7
6.1
5.9
4.1
8.8

44.6
43.7
43.5
45.8
45.7
47.0
44.0
43.8
43.9
44.4
44.6
44.8
43.7
45.1
45.2
45.1

43.8
44.0
44.3
43.7
44.3
45.7
44.4
42.2
43.1
43.3
43.5
44.7
42.5
43.4
43.4
43.4

44.7
45.3
45.8
45.2
45.1
46.6
43.8
41.8
44.8
44.8
44.5
42.7
43.1
44.5
43.5
44.0

45.3
46.0
46.4
45.8
45.2
46.7
42.2
42.1
44.1
44.3
45.6
43.9
44.7
45.1
44.3
44.8

44.5
45.0

6.5
5.3
5.1
6.7
6.8
8.0
6.9
5.2
6.8
7.1
7.9
8.6
10.1
7.7
6.2
6.3

6.2
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.1
7.2
6.8
4.8
6.6
6.9
7.5
8.7
9.8
7.1
5.3
5.2

6.9
6.8
7.2
6.4
6.8
8.0
8.1
4.1
7.8
8.5
7.9
8.3
9.8
7.8
5.5
6.0

7.1
6.8
6.9
7.2
7.2
8.4
8.1
4.6
6.7
7.3
8.1
8.6
10.6
7.7
6.1
6.3

43.4
44.0
43.9
43.6
44.3
43.7
43.6
42.5
42.8
43.5
46.4
42.0
44.2
42.0
42.4
44.0
42.3
45.9
44.4
44.0
45.6
42.2
42.2
42.0
42.5
41.8
43.5
42.8
42.5
41.4

41.8
43.9
44.2
41.8
43.2
41.7
42.0
41.8
41.3
41.6
43.9
39.9
42.5
40.7
41.2
43.0
41.2
45.1
42.5
42.5
43.1
40.8
40.5
40.0
41.2
41.1
43.8
41.4
41.3
40.4

42.7
45.1
45.2
42.9
43.9
42.4
43.9
41.8
43.3
42.3
43.7
41.8
43.1
41.5
40.8
43.5
42.3
44.8
43.0
42.8
43.6
42.1
42.2
41.8
42.8
42.5
43.6
42.2
41.7
42.1

43.2
45.2
45.2
43.4
43.2
43.8
45.0
44.3
43.9
42.8
43.7
42.3
44.4
41.6
41.9
44.1
43.2
45.2
43.7
43.4
44.9
42.1
42.5
42.2
43.0
42.4
43.8
42.8
42.1
41.9

42.2

5.3
6.6
6.5
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.6
5.5
7.6
4.2
5.7
4.3
4.8
5.7
4.7
6.8
5.9
6.0
6.8
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.9
3.4
4.6
4.6
4.6

4.5
6.3
6.4
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.6
6.3
3.5
5.1
3.9
4.1
5.0
4.2
6.0
5.1
5.3
5.5
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.3
3.2
4.0
3.9
3.7

5.0
7.2
7.0
4.5
4.4
4.4
5.0
4.1
4.7
4.8
6.3
3.9
5.4
4.1
4.0
5.5
4.7
6.3
5.5
5.1
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.0
5.3
3.9
2.8
4.5
4.0
4.5

5.3
6.7
6.5
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.3
4.2
5.3
5.0
6.1
4.2
6.2
4.2
3.9
5.7
5.0
6.6
6.1
5.7
7.0
4.8
5.1
4.9
5.4
4.3
3.2
4.8
4.2
4.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

$13.70
17.72
15.71
16.56
15.14
12.47
18.88
12.13
11.92
13.22
12.48
11.95
13.99
13.89
12.87
14.99

$13.66
17.70
15.66
16.53
15.09
12.49
19.27
12.07
11.96
13.07
12.59
11.79
13.90
13.85
12.81
14.32

$14.07
18.59
15.74
16.90
15.06
12.59
19.66
12.39
11.91
13.82
13.31
12.15
14.82
14.30
13.46
14.76

$14.00
18.50
15.68
16.87
14.98
12.65
19.35
12.43
11.95
13.62
13.25
12.18
14.51
14.35
13.66
14.59

$14.02

$600.06
770.82
672.39
738.58
631.34
542.45
834.50
517.95
508.98
592.26
597.79
535.36
611.36
612.55
550.84
792.97

$580.55
761.10
651.46
714.10
612.65
538.32
874.86
503.32
498.73
556.78
566.55
516.40
562.95
595.55
526.49
673.04

$620.49
782.64
670.52
730.08
635.53
548.92
878.80
519.14
497.84
631.57
629.56
539.46
683.20
629.20
590.89
684.86

$604.80
778.85
672.67
740.59
635.15
550.28
845.60
529.52
512.66
588.38
606.85
531.05
605.07
634.27
616.07
700.32

$593.05

15.36
18.18
19.81
14.06
14.04
14.53
14.34
13.76
17.21
17.18
14.45
15.45
16.61
14.15
12.55
12.11

15.39
18.41
20.02
14.18
14.03
14.47
13.96
13.74
17.17
17.06
14.27
15.47
16.45
13.97
12.43
11.96

16.14
19.18
20.96
14.34
15.06
15.85
14.56
13.95
17.82
17.79
14.72
16.19
17.25
14.29
13.02
12.60

16.19
19.17
20.95
14.38
15.06
15.75
15.58
14.17
18.04
18.05
14.78
16.18
17.19
14.49
13.24
12.93

16.15
19.26

685.06
794.47
861.74
643.95
641.63
682.91
630.96
602.69
755.52
762.79
644.47
692.16
725.86
638.17
567.26
546.16

674.08
810.04
886.89
619.67
621.53
661.28
619.82
579.83
740.03
738.70
620.75
691.51
699.13
606.30
539.46
519.06

721.46
868.85
959.97
648.17
679.21
738.61
637.73
583.11
798.34
796.99
655.04
691.31
743.48
635.91
566.37
554.40

733.41
881.82
972.08
658.60
680.71
735.53
657.48
596.56
795.56
799.62
673.97
710.30
768.39
653.50
586.53
579.26

718.68
866.70

13.34
16.87
17.96
12.44
12.49
12.52
12.06
11.73
12.31
12.79
13.06
10.88
14.11
12.97
12.35
13.61
12.89
14.38
15.54
14.95
17.68
12.93
11.36
11.29
11.48
15.57
16.62
12.84
13.29
11.37

13.29
16.79
17.78
12.42
12.55
12.47
11.80
11.58
12.19
12.79
13.00
10.91
14.04
13.07
12.26
13.66
12.91
14.45
15.42
14.86
17.50
12.91
11.39
11.26
11.60
15.37
16.43
12.75
13.13
11.25

13.57
16.65
17.57
12.35
12.86
12.08
12.25
12.07
12.68
13.08
13.53
10.92
14.37
13.50
12.90
14.06
13.29
14.89
15.78
15.21
17.65
13.47
11.75
11.68
11.86
15.43
16.46
13.10
13.34
11.51

13.68
16.79
17.73
12.45
12.84
12.25
12.34
12.16
12.78
13.17
13.62
11.07
14.45
13.60
12.80
14.21
13.47
14.99
15.96
15.38
17.89
13.51
11.84
11.74
12.00
15.58
16.45
13.15
13.33
11.47

13.64

578.96
742.28
788.44
542.38
553.31
547.12
525.82
498.53
526.87
556.37
605.98
456.96
623.66
544.74
523.64
598.84
545.25
660.04
689.98
657.80
806.21
545.65
479.39
474.18
487.90
650.83
722.97
549.55
564.83
470.72

555.52
737.08
785.88
519.16
542.16
520.00
495.60
484.04
503.45
532.06
570.70
435.31
596.70
531.95
505.11
587.38
531.89
651.70
655.35
631.55
754.25
526.73
461.30
450.40
477.92
631.71
719.63
527.85
542.27
454.50

579.44
750.92
794.16
529.82
564.55
512.19
537.78
504.53
549.04
553.28
591.26
456.46
619.35
560.25
526.32
611.61
562.17
667.07
678.54
650.99
769.54
567.09
495.85
488.22
507.61
655.78
717.66
552.82
556.28
484.57

590.98
758.91
801.40
540.33
554.69
536.55
555.30
538.69
561.04
563.68
595.19
468.26
641.58
565.76
536.32
626.66
581.90
677.55
697.45
667.49
803.26
568.77
503.20
495.43
516.00
660.59
720.51
562.82
561.19
480.59

575.61

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353

3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546

355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359

3592
3596,9
36
361

3612
3613
362
3621
3625

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661

367
3671
3674

3679
369
3691

3694

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999F

43.2
45.6
44.8
45.9
40.9
41.1
44.0
42.9
41.6
46.3
43.9
43.0
44.3
44.0
44.9
44.9
43.6
42.5
42.9
41.1
42.6
43.4
43.0
41.8
43.2
43.2
43.9
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.7

42.2
44.3
43.1
44.7
40.7
41.3
42.9
43.5
40.0
43.9
41.4
41.5
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.4
42.3
42.0
41.7
40.3
41.3
41.6
41.9
40.7
43.1
42.0
42.3
41.2
41.2
41.2
40.4

42.5
45.3
47.7
44.6
42.2
42.7
43.1
43.0
40.5
46.1
43.0
42.1
42.8
42.0
44.7
43.5
41.2
41.7
42.5
41.7
41.3
42.2
42.6
41.7
44.3
43.0
42.0
42.1
41.3
40.4
39.2

43.2
46.4
47.8
46.0
42.9
43.5
44.2
44.6
41.2
47.2
43.5
43.2
43.5
43.5
45.5
44.5
42.3
38.3
43.2
42.8
41.8
42.2
43.5
42.9
45.6
43.7
42.5
43.7
42.7
41.0
40.1

42.4

5.3
7.0
6.0
7.4
3.2
2.9
5.6
4.6
3.6
7.9
6.1
4.8
6.1
5.6
6.5
7.0
4.4
4.4
5.0
4.3
4.8
5.7
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.1
4.7
5.6
4.3
4.9
5.5

4.7
6.5
4.7
7.1
3.4
3.5
4.8
5.0
3.0
5.9
3.9
3.9
5.5
4.5
5.6
6.4
4.0
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.4
4.3
4.1
3.8
5.2
4.3
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.1
4.4

5.0
7.6
8.8
7.2
3.4
3.9
4.9
4.5
3.5
8.1
4.8
3.5
5.6
4.6
6.0
6.2
4.6
4.0
5.0
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.6
6.8
4.7
3.6
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.2

5.5
8.6
9.8
8.3
4.5
4.9
5.7
5.4
4.4
9.0
5.7
4.3
6.1
5.6
6.9
6.7
5.0
3.7
5.3
4.1
5.4
4.4
5.4
4.9
7.7
4.6
4.1
5.5
5.7
4.7
4.3

43.2
42.6
42.6
43.3
42.1
43.3

42.5
41.5
41.7
42.3
41.8
42.3

41.9
42.2
42.3
42.9
42.1
42.8

42.1
42.4
42.4
43.4
42.4
43.3

4.5
4.7
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.4

4.6
4.1
4.4
4.8
6.3
4.8

7.0
4.8
5.2
5.3
6.1
5.3

6.7
4.9
5.3
5.6
6.3
5.5

42.3
42.3
43.9
41.0
43.0
43.6
42.1
41.2
42.4
41.4
40.6
42.5
41.3
41.3
43.3
41.2
40.3
40.4
43.4
45.2
42.2
42.1
43.1
42.5
42.3
43.9
42.9

41.0
40.7
41.8
39.7
40.8
41.3
40.0
40.6
42.3
38.9
40.2
41.6
40.8
41.3
41.1
39.7
37.7
37.6
40.9
43.6
41.4
41.8
43.5
41.0
41.4
42.4
41.8

42.1
43.3
43.5
43.0
42.5
43.3
41.2
41.5
40.3
39.5
42.1
42.1
43.6
41.8
42.1
39.6
41.1
40.7
41.7
42.7
42.1
43.6
42.7
41.3
42.6
42.9
43.3

42.3
44.1
44.5
43.8
42.7
43.2
42.1
41.7
40.6
39.7
41.1
42.4
44.1
41.6
42.4
41.3
40.2
39.4
42.1
43.0
42.3
42.6
43.6
41.1
42.9
42.1
44.2

4.3
4.6
4.1
5.1
3.8
3.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
3.7
1.4
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.3
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.5
3.2
5.1
4.1
5.0
5.3
5.8

3.5
3.7
3.1
4.3
3.1
3.4
2.4
2.1
2.1
3.6
1.1
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.7
2.8
3.5
2.5
2.4
3.4
4.0
2.3
5.0
3.5
4.2
4.5
4.8

4.2
5.4
5.1
5.6
4.3
4.5
3.9
2.1
1.1
0.9
2.8
4.6
5.5
5.0
4.1
2.9
5.6
4.2
3.4
3.9
4.4
3.8
4.9
3.9
4.4
5.6
4.8

4.5
5.9
5.8
6.1
4.5
4.4
4.6
2.5
1.2
1.8
1.8
5.0
5.6
4.5
4.5
4.0
5.5
4.0
3.8
4.3
4.6
3.6
5.3
3.9
4.7
5.0
5.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

102

41.3

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351

3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357

3571
3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362

3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674

3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

1999P

$14.73
17.98
19.99
17.35
13.49
14.38
14.01
14.03
14.75
14.44
14.39
13.00
15.66
15.25
16.27
16.42
13.59
12.79
15.31
13.36
16.15
15.44
14.24
15.28
14.88
14.75
11.93
15.46
13.86
15.89
17.78

$14.69
17.79
19.80
17.17
13.09
13.82
13.98
14.01
14.67
14.48
14.19
12.93
15.73
15.39
16.30
16.51
13.68
12.81
15.34
13.33
16.12
15.06
14.14
15.14
14.88
14.53
11.71
15.36
13.83
15.92
17.79

$15.21
18.07
22.19
16.81
14.33
15.20
14.34
14.46
14.90
14.80
14.71
13.09
16.05
16.07
16.62
16.69
14.28
12.92
15.95
13.88
16.42
15.41
14.53
15.49
15.31
14.96
11.99
16.34
14.39
16.62
18.47

$15.36
18.39
22.36
17.21
14.52
15.50
14.48
14.50
15.18
14.95
14.99
13.29
16.25
16.35
16.98
16.84
14.48
13.27
16.14
13.91
16.87
15.48
14.61
15.46
15.23
14.98
12.22
16.47
14.67
16.80
18.54

14.09
13.03
13.24
14.27
14.86
14.11

14.47
12.90
13.11
14.29
14.95
14.15

13.94
13.57
13.83
14.87
15.16
14.79

14.30
13.63
13.90
14.95
15.23
14.85

13.26
13.27
12.21
14.23
12.79
11.86
14.47
12.63
14.20
13.75
11.00
12.71
17.39
13.44
12.01
9.57
12.00
11.75
14.22
15.03
13.57
14.81
18.26
11.13
13.30
15.00
12.79

13.26
13.14
11.98
14.18
12.82
11.86
14.47
12.67
14.46
13.84
11.04
12.81
17.90
13.37
11.91
9.39
11.91
11.68
14.07
14.82
13.58
14.95
18.10
11.02
13.26
15.09
12.80

13.59
12.93
12.01
13.80
12.98
11.93
14.66
13.16
15.63
13.13
11.08
13.28
18.04
13.59
12.39
9.79
13.01
12.52
14.04
14.66
13.86
14.54
18.86
11.28
14.12
15.62
13.96

13.69
13.18
12.10
14.21
13.11
11.97
14.93
13.34
15.97
13.50
11.10
13.31
18.08
13.52
12.56
9.91
13.10
12.72
14.10
14.82
14.00
14.50
18.87
11.58
14.07
15.56
14.08

See footnotes at end of table.




103

Dec.

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

$15.33

$636.34
819.89
895.55
796.37
551.74
591.02
616.44
601.89
613.60
668.57
631.72
559.00
693.74
671.00
730.52
737.26
592.52
543.58
656.80
549.10
687.99
670.10
612.32
638.70
642.82
637.20
523.73
667.87
587.66
662.61
723.65

$619.92
788.10
853.38
767.50
532.76
570.77
599.74
609.44
586.80
635.67
587.47
536.60
676.39
661.77
700.90
716.53
578.66
538.02
639.68
537.20
665.76
626.50
592.47
616.20
641.33
610.26
495.33
632.83
569.80
655.90
718.72

$646.43
818.57

1,058.46
749.73
604.73
649.04
618.05
621.78
603.45
682.28
632.53
551.09
686.94
674.94
742.91
726.02
588.34
538.76
677.88
578.80
678.15
650.30
618.98
645.93
678.23
643.28
503.58
687.91
594.31
671.45
724.02

$663.55
853.30
1,068.81
791.66
622.91
674.25
640.02
646.70
625.42
705.64
652.07
574.13
706.88
711.23
772.59
749.38
612.50
508.24
697.25
595.35
705.17
653.26
635.54
663.23
694.49
654.63
519.35
719.74
626.41
688.80
743.45

608.69
555.08
564.02
617.89
625.61
610.96

614.98
535.35
546.69
604.47
624.91
598.55

584.09
572.65
585.01
637.92
638.24
633.01

602.03
577.91
589.36
648.83
645.75
643.01

560.90
561.32
536.02
583.43
549.97
517.10
609.19
520.36
602.08
569.25
446.60
540.18
718.21
555.07
520.03
394.28
483.60
474.70
617.15
679.36
572.65
623.50
787.01
473.03
562.59
658.50
548.69

543.66
534.80
500.76
562.95
523.06
489.82
578.80
514.40
611.66
538.38
443.81
532.90
730.32
552.18
489.50
372.78
449.01
439.17
575.46
646.15
562.21
624.91
787.35
451.82
548.96
639.82
535.04

572.14
559.87
522.44
593.40
551.65
516.57
603.99
546.14
629.89
518.64
466.47
559.09
786.54
568.06
521.62
387.68
534.71
509.56
585.47
625.98
583.51
633.94
805.32
465.86
601.51
670.10
604.47

579.09
581.24
538.45
622.40
559.80
517.10
628.55
556.28
648.38
535.95
456.21
564.34
797.33
562.43
532.54
409.28
526.62
501.17
593.61
637.26
592.20
617.70
822.73
475.94
603.60
655.08
622.34

13.66

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

$649.99

564.16

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

43.3
44.0
41.8
44.2
45.6
40.2
43.3
43.0
43.8
43.3
41.1
41.7
40.3
41.5
42.0
41.3
41.1
39.1

44.1
45.2
45.9
43.2
45.4
43.3
43.1
42.8
44.8
42.5
41.1
42.0
40.0
42.1
41.3
40.4
40.4
39.4

44.9
46.3
47.6
45.0
46.2
42.7
43.5
43.0
46.3
42.5
41.5
42.6
40.1
42.4
41.5
40.5
40.4
39.9

44.0
45.2

3792

45.7
46.8
46.9
45.6
47.4
42.8
45.0
44.3
46.0
45.3
43.2
44.2
41.8
42.9
42.0
41.7
41.3
39.5

6.4
6.9
7.3
5.9
7.2
4.0
6.2
5.5
7.0
6.6
5.3
6.3
3.9
4.4
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.0

5.2
5.5
4.4
5.0
6.4
2.8
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.3
4.6
5.2
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.0
3.9
2.4

5.9
6.8
7.4
4.5
7.0
3.9
4.9
4.5
6.1
4.6
3.8
4.1
3.4
4.6
3.2
2.7
2.6
1.9

6.4
7.5
8.2
5.6
7.7
3.4
5.1
4.4
6.9
4.8
3.8
4.0
3.6
4.9
3.7
3.2
2.5
1.6

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

42.0
42.5
42.1
42.8
41.4
42.2
41.9
41.2
42.6
40.2
42.2
42.4

41.2
41.4
41.4
43.9
40.4
40.5
41.3
41.2
41.7
38.0
41.4
41.9

41.9
42.1
41.8
43.1
40.9
41.2
42.0
41.9
41.4
40.1
42.7
40.4

42.5
42.7
42.6
44.5
41.9
41.6
42.3
42.5
41.6
40.6
43.5
40.6

41.6

3.5
3.6
3.6
4.7
3.2
2.5
3.7
3.6
4.2
1.5
3.7
2.9

3.0
2.8
2.9
4.2
2.7
2.0
3.3
3.3
3.8
1.5
3.4
1.7

3.7
3.5
3.7
4.8
3.2
3.1
3.8
3.8
3.4
1.6
4.6
3.5

4.1
4.1
4.2
5.3
3.8
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.6
1.8
4.8
3.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391

40.2
39.1
38.1
41.1
40.2
39.3
40.6
39.0
38.7
38.0
40.9
41.4

39.0
37.6
36.5
39.4
39.1
35.7
40.6
38.7
37.2
35.9
39.7
39.9

40.2
39.7
38.8
40.1
40.9
42.4
40.2
39.7
37.8
35.7
40.5
40.1

40.4
39.9
39.0
39.3
40.7
41.9
40.3
40.6
37.8
35.8
40.8
40.9

39.0

3.1
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.1
1.6
3.6
4.3

2.6
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.3
1.3
2.8
2.7
1.6
0.9
3.1
3.2

3.2
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.3
2.9
1.8
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.5

3.1
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.1
3.3
2.4
2.2
1.6
3.4
4.0

41.6

40.6

41.4

41.6

40.7

4.6

4.2

4.7

4.8

42.8
43.0
46.4
43.9
40.7
42.5
43.0
42.3
42.7
43.2
41.7
42.4
45.7
47.1
42.0

41.5
42.5
45.7
42.6
40.6
41.5
41.0
42.2
40.9
40.3
40.5
40.1
44.4
45.0
42.7

42.5
42.5
45.0
43.8
40.6
43.2
44.0
42.9
41.5
45.2
40.5
39.3
45.5
46.5
43.5

42.4
42.4
44.9
44.1
40.3
42.9
44.4
42.6
41.5
45.9
40.5
39.2
46.2
47.1
44.5

41.3

5.6
5.8
7.7
6.9
4.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.7
7.0
4.2
5.9
7.8
7.4
6.6

5.3
5.9
7.8
6.6
4.7
4.9
4.1
5.1
4.7
4.3
4.0
4.7
7.5
6.9
7.6

5.8
5.9
7.3
7.1
4.6
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.5
6.4
5.5
4.9
7.6
8.2
6.5

5.7
5.6
7.3
6.9
4.1
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.5
7.4
5.0
4.8
8.0
7.8
7.0

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379

3911
393

394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




104

Jan.
2000P

4.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

$17.56
17.73
21.02
15.17
16.62
11.57
19.56
(2)
19.33
17.41
13.63
14.85
11.75
16.35
20.13
(2)
12.16
12.16

$17.47
17.65
21.26
14.87
16.63
11.55
19.36
(2)
19.18
17.12
13.78
15.20
11.63
16.03
20.22
(2)
12.28
12.41

$18.46
18.87
23.08
15.30
17.54
11.69
20.30
(2)
20.23
18.05
13.96
15.44
12.04
16.93
20.24
(2)
12.86
13.25

$18.78
19.29
23.51
15.57
17.94
11.78
20.48
(2)
20.51
18.15
14.06
15.48
12.22
17.30
20.49
(2)
12.96
13.51

$18.56
18.99

$802.49
829.76
985.84
691.75
787.79
495.20
880.20

$756.45
776.60
888.67
657.25
758.33
464.31
838.29

$814.09
852.92
1,059.37
660.96
796.32
506.18
874.93

$843.22
893.13
1,119.08
700.65
828.83
503.01
890.88

$816.64
858.35

889.18
788.67
588.82
656.37
491.15
701.42
845.46

840.08
741.30
566.36
633.84
468.69
665.25
849.24

906.30
767.13
573.76
648.48
481.60
712.75
835.91

949.61
771.38
583.49
659.45
490.02
733.52
850.34

502.21
480.32

504.71
485.23

519.54
522.05

523.58
539.05

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

14.00
17.94
14.23
12.21
14.29
16.39
12.83
12.05
12.13
10.36
16.57
10.59

13.91
17.42
14.13
12.01
14.27
16.25
12.79
12.00
12.21
10.33
16.72
10.39

14.34
17.58
14.42
11.81
14.52
17.03
12.97
12.38
12.24
10.86
18.40
11.03

14.39
17.78
14.46
11.88
14.49
16.95
13.05
12.39
12.33
10.94
18.22
11.23

14.37

588.00
762.45
599.08
522.59
591.61
691.66
537.58
496.46
516.74
416.47
699.25
449.02

573.09
721.19
584.98
527.24
576.51
658.13
528.23
494.40
509.16
392.54
692.21
435.34

600.85
740.12
602.76
509.01
593.87
701.64
544.74
518.72
506.74
435.49
785.68
445.61

611.58
759.21
616.00
528.66
607.13
705.12
552.02
526.58
512.93
444.16
792.57
455.94

597.79

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

11.12
11.53
11.43
11.37
10.66
10.39
10.78
11.07
9.82
8.83
11.40
12.24

11.16
11.54
11.47
11.53
10.62
10.26
10.75
11.22
10.07
9.04
11.43
12.22

11.43
12.18
11.95
12.28
11.01
10.74
11.14
11.39
10.38
9.18
11.50
12.83

11.57
12.39
12.20
12.50
11.07
10.88
11.15
11.35
10.46
9.31
11.69
12.96

11.51

447.02
450.82
435.48
467.31
428.53
408.33
437.67
431.73
380.03
335.54
466.26
506.74

435.24
433.90
418.66
454.28
415.24
366.28
436.45
434.21
374.60
324.54
453.77
487.58

459.49
483.55
463.66
492.43
450.31
455.38
447.83
452.18
392.36
327.73
465.75
514.48

467.43
494.36
475.80
491.25
450.55
455.87
449.35
460.81
395.39
333.30
476.95
530.06

448.89

12.99

12.99

13.33

13.41

13.39

540.38

527.39

551.86

557.86

544.97

12.02
9.89
10.67
11.17
8.90
13.80
12.58
14.45
11.70
15.61
12.97
10.72
15.14
13.17
12.28

11.94
9.87
10.65
11.17
8.90
13.92
12.73
14.55
11.53
14.74
12.84
10.69
15.09
13.18
12.32

12.20
10.12
10.98
11.25
9.11
14.24
12.86
15.07
11.74
16.02
12.43
11.06
15.12
13.66
12.47

12.30
10.16
11.04
11.30
9.13
14.18
12.76
15.06
11.99
16.53
12.93
11.17
15.44
13.84
12.38

12.22

514.46
425.27
495.09
490.36
362.23
586.50
540.94
611.24
499.59
674.35
540.85
454.53
691.90
620.31
515.76

495.51
419.48
486.71
475.84
361.34
577.68
521.93
614.01
471.58
594.02
520.02
428.67
670.00
593.10
526.06

518.50
430.10
494.10
492.75
369.87
615.17
565.84
646.50
487.21
724.10
503.42
434.66
687.96
635.19
542.45

521.52
430.78
495.70
498.33
367.94
608.32
566.54
641.56
497.59
758.73
523.67
437.86
713.33
651.86
550.91

504.69

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

205
2051

41.4
41.2

39.4
40.0

42.1
42.0

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

41.7
43.0
60.2
52.1
40.1
41.9
43.6
44.9
49.6
44.2
40.2

38.4
41.3
57.6
52.2
41.5
39.8
42.7
42.7
45.7
42.5
38.6

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

37.5
35.6

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

41.5
41.9

4.7
4.8

4.2
4.4

5.8
6.3

5.4
5.9

42.2
41.5
49.7
53.7
40.5
39.6
44.1
44.1
48.4
44.5
40.5

40.9
42.0
47.9
55.7
42.0
40.1
44.4
43.8
46.5
44.5
40.2

4.4
5.4
16.9
9.2
4.1
4.6
6.4
5.1
7.0
5.4
4.7

3.8
4.8
15.6
6.9
4.4
4.2
6.5
4.7
7.1
4.8
4.2

4.9
5.4
12.9
17.5
4.5
4.1
7.2
6.1
9.3
5.7
5.0

4.5
5.5
12.9
17.3
3.6
4.4
7.0
5.7
8.2
5.7
5.2

37.3
36.1

43.2
40.4

44.2
42.8

39.0

3.5
4.3

2.6
2.1

3.6
2.4

4.8
3.6

41.4
42.0
41.7
36.9
39.1
39.7
41.3
38.8
39.4
36.2
39.4
42.7
44.1
42.5
44.6
40.8
41.8
37.4
42.6

40.7
41.6
40.9
36.1
39.8
39.3
40.6
38.6
38.7
36.3
39.5
41.5
43.5
41.8
43.2
40.3
40.7
39.5
41.4

41.6
42.7
42.9
38.9
40.4
40.1
41.5
38.4
40.2
38.6
40.7
41.9
42.0
43.2
42.2
42.2
42.8
40.9
41.6

41.8
42.9
43.4
38.0
40.2
40.1
40.6
37.7
40.8
38.0
41.3
42.5
42.3
44.4
42.8
41.8
42.0
40.7
42.6

40.9

4.7
5.6
4.8
2.6
3.3
3.7
4.1
3.1
3.2
1.9
4.2
5.4
6.3
4.9
6.7
4.1
4.5
2.8
4.9

4.3
5.3
4.4
2.6
2.4
3.5
4.0
2.9
3.0
1.7
4.3
4.9
6.3
4.1
6.0
4.0
4.2
3.3
4.1

4.6
5.6
5.1
2.8
2.9
3.9
4.1
3.2
3.7
1.6
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
4.6
4.7
5.0
3.5
4.2

4.7
5.7
5.5
2.4
3.2
4.2
3.9
3.0
4.5
2.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.3
4.6

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.9
37.7
36.5
35.1
35.4
37.6
36.6
35.2
36.0
37.8
36.7
37.5
37.7
37.1
37.2
37.9
37.3
40.6
37.8
41.3
42.0

36.7
36.1
35.3
34.3
34.3
36.6
36.2
34.5
36.7
36.9
36.2
36.0
35.4
37.8
36.6
36.6
36.3
38.8
36.3
39.9
39.9

37.6
37.4
36.8
36.2
35.7
38.3
36.4
36.0
37.5
35.9
36.3
35.6
36.6
33.1
38.2
37.5
37.8
39.6
36.6
39.5
41.9

38.0
37.7
37.1
36.7
36.7
38.4
36.8
37.3
37.1
36.1
36.7
34.8
36.3
31.1
39.3
37.5
36.8
40.4
38.6
41.5
42.2

37.2

2.4
0.9
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.5
2.3
1.7
1.7
1.4
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.8
4.4
1.6
4.3
2.5
4.8
4.8

1.9
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.6
1.6
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.6
2.7
2.2
3.2
0.9
3.3
1.7
4.1
3.3

2.6
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.3
2.2
1.8
1.8
2.0
3.0
1.7
2.1
2.5
1.1
3.1
3.0
1.8
4.3
2.6
3.9
6.7

2.8
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.7
2.4
1.8
2.0
2.4
0.8
3.4
2.2
1.7
4.6
2.6
4.9
7.0

26
262
263

44.3
45.3
46.0

43.5
45.5
44.8

43.9
45.9
43.0

44.2
45.6
44.4

43.3

5.7
6.6
7.7

5.4
6.5
6.9

6.0
7.4
7.2

6.1
7.1
7.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Dec.

Dec.

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$13.03
13.36

$531.99
529.01

$503.93
513.60

$539.72
550.62

$540.75
559.78

12.34
13.82
12.60
19.72
13.82
13.28
13.34
16.34
24.30
13.06
11.08

12.46
13.99
12.10
19.86
14.37
13.47
13.42
16.16
23.75
13.20
11.04

536.26
565.45
642.94
931.03
550.17
525.85
572.03
735.01
1,178.99
591.84
438.58

520.75
487.30
573.53
546.40
626.22
643.39
920.29 1,058.96
573.12
559.71
502.28
525.89
562.36
588.29
683.20
720.59
1,050.64 1,176.12
562.70
581.17
418.81
448.74

509.61
587.58
579.59
1,106.20
603.54
540.15
595.85
707.81
1,104.38
587.40
443.81

17.14
23.98

17.96
24.88

17.96
24.69

$17.66

639.38
855.82

639.32
865.68

775.87
1,005.15

793.83
1,056.73

$688.74

10.56
10.98
11.31
10.73
9.62
9.65
8.88
9.49
9.01
9.75
10.39
10.83
10.64
11.24
10.61
10.27
10.32
10.24
12.01

10.63
11.06
11.33
10.84
9.64
9.78
8.86
9.72
9.31
9.83
10.36
10.84
10.68
11.30
10.78
10.32
10.35
10.32
11.98

10.80
11.08
11.63
11.26
9.92
9.98
9.09
9.94
9.57
9.69
10.45
10.86
10.70
11.24
10.92
10.53
10.45
10.73
12.05

10.83
11.01

10.83

437.18
461.16
471.63
395.94
376.14
383.11
366.74
368.21
354.99
352.95
409.37
462.44
469.22
477.70
473.21
419.02
431.38
382.98
511.63

432.64
460.10
463.40
391.32
383.67
384.35
359.72
375.19
360.30
356.83
409.22
449.86
464.58
472.34
465.70
415.90
421.25
407.64
495.97

449.28
473.12
498.93
438.01
400.77
400.20
377.24
381.70
384.71
374.03
425.32
455.03
449.40
485.57
460.82
444.37
447.26
438.86
501.28

452.69
472.33
504.31
426.74
400.79
402.60
376.36
375.87
391.27
368.60
432.41
464.10
458.96
496.84
466.95
440.99
441.42
434.27
522.28

442.95

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.71
8.85
8.07
8.05
8.24
7.70
8.28
7.56
9.57
8.19
8.11
8.28
8.15
8.66
7.99
7.92
8.25
9.70
8.42
9.32
11.44

8.68
8.81
8.09
7.89
8.38
7.84
8.26
7.86
9.48
8.20
8.07
8.25
8.08
8.69
8.03
7.98
8.20
9.64
8.26
9.32
11.33

8.98
9.10
8.33
8.16
8.28
8.23
8.42
8.16
9.94
8.66
8.08
8.38
8.25
8.75
8.49
8.28
8.46
10.05
8.47
9.72
11.72

9.02
9.20
8.36
8.24
8.23
8.20
8.54
8.28
10.19
8.60
8.21
8.53
8.37
9.00
8.37
8.20
8.46
10.00
8.38
9.72

9.01

330.11
333.65
294.56
282.56
291.70
289.52
303.05
266.11
344.52
309.58
297.64
310.50
307.26
321.29
297.23
300.17
307.73
393.82
318.28
384.92
480.48

318.56
318.04
285.58
270.63
287.43
286.94
299.01
271.17
347.92
302.58
292.13
297.00
286.03
328.48
293.90
292.07
297.66
374.03
299.84
371.87
452.07

337.65
340.34
306.54
295.39
295.60
315.21
306.49
293.76
372.75
310.89
293.30
298.33
301.95
289.63
324.32
310.50
319.79
397.98
310.00
383.94
491.07

342.76
346.84
310.16
302.41
302.04
314.88
314.27
308.84
378.05
310.46
301.31
296.84
303.83
279.90
328.94
307.50
311.33
404.00
323.47
403.38
494.16

335.17

26
262
263

15.78
20.09
20.12

15.73
19.89
20.03

16.12
20.92
21.00

16.17
20.79
21.19

16.14

699.05
910.08
925.52

684.26
905.00
897.34

707.67
960.23
903.00

714.71
948.02
940.84

698.86

Nov.
1999

1999P

$12.85
12.84

$12.79
12.84

$12.82
13.11

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.86
13.15
10.68
17.87
13.72
12.55
13.12
16.37
23.77
13.39
10.91

12.69
13.23
11.17
17.63
13.81
12.62
13.17
16.00
22.99
13.24
10.85

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

17.05
24.04

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills

205
2051

See footnotes at end of table.




Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Jan.
1999

Paperboard mills

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

1998

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

107

11.62
11.23
9.97
10.04
9.27
9.97
9.59
9.70
10.47
10.92
10.85
11.19
10.91
10.55
10.51
10.67
12.26

11.71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

44.4
45.1
44.2
43.4
43.0
42.0
43.3
42.3

43.1
43.7
41.3
42.7
42.3
42.2
42.7
41.3

44.1
44.5
44.1
43.7
42.4
43.4
40.1
42.2

44.6
45.2
44.6
43.8
42.7
44.1
40.2
42.2

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.8
33.8
36.7
40.3
38.2
42.2
36.2
40.2
40.0
40.7
44.8
40.1
39.7

37.7
32.3
35.9
39.4
37.9
40.8
35.3
39.4
39.2
39.7
42.6
37.8
39.1

38.8
33.7
36.6
42.0
39.1
44.7
36.2
40.3
40.1
40.4
42.0
39.0
40.5

39.0
33.9
36.7
42.4
39.7
44.8
36.0
40.2
40.1
40.3
43.9
40.2
41.1

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.5
43.2
44.0
43.6
45.5
41.3
43.4
43.9
41.8
44.8
42.8
40.0
43.3
45.3
47.4
44.9
44.9
43.8

42.8
42.4
43.5
43.0
44.5
41.3
42.2
42.5
41.3
44.0
41.2
40.0
42.2
44.9
46.1
44.7
45.4
43.1

43.4
43.9
44.7
44.2
44.7
45.0
41.7
42.2
42.7
46.5
41.4
41.0
42.4
46.6
45.2
46.9
44.7
42.8

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.7
45.4
43.3

43.9
44.1
43.3

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

42.7
43.7
40.0
43.8
45.6
43.8
42.4

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals

Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

6.0
6.6
4.7
5.4
4.6
3.3
5.3
4.5

5.2
5.5
4.5
5.1
4.5
3.1
5.2
4.3

5.9
6.4
4.9
5.4
5.1
4.6
5.2
4.4

6.2
6.8
5.3
5.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
4.7

37.9

3.4
1.9
2.9
4.2
2.4
5.9
2.8
3.9
3.7
4.0
5.9
3.4
3.4

2.8
1.1
2.0
3.3
1.9
4.5
2.1
3.4
3.3
3.5
4.6
2.6
3.4

3.4
1.9
2.5
4.8
2.9
6.5
3.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.6
2.8
4.3

3.4
2.0
2.3
4.4
2.1
6.4
2.5
3.9
3.9
3.8
6.1
3.3
4.2

43.8
44.7
45.2
44.8
45.8
45.3
42.1
42.5
42.4
45.5
42.4
40.6
43.1
47.0
46.7
47.1
45.1
43.2

42.8

5.2
5.5
5.7
5.0
5.4
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.2
6.0
3.8
3.6
4.4
6.4
5.9
6.5
6.5
4.8

4.8
5.1
5.6
4.8
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.5
3.6
4.7
4.0
2.8
3.6
6.1
6.6
6.0
6.4
4.7

5.4
5.8
6.1
5.3
5.5
5.7
5.3
5.2
4.8
7.6
4.0
3.5
4.5
6.9
6.0
7.1
5.9
5.1

5.6
5.7
5.9
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
4.8
7.2
4.5
3.5
4.6
7.2
7.3
7.2
6.3
5.3

43.0
42.2
44.8

43.3
43.0
43.9

42.4

6.1
5.7
7.6

5.8
5.4
7.4

6.4
5.2
9.5

5.5
4.8
7.5

41.3
43.6
39.0
42.5
44.0
41.4
40.9

41.9
42.2
42.0
42.4
42.5
42.7
41.7

42.3
42.1
42.2
43.2
43.3
43.2
42.1

41.6

4.7
5.9
4.7
5.2
6.1
4.7
4.6

4.3
5.5
4.3
4.3
5.3
4.1
4.2

4.6
5.5
2.5
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.5

4.8
5.7
2.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.7

38.1
41.3
37.1
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.6

36.7
40.8
35.3
35.3
35.9
36.1
34.9

38.0
42.8
36.7
36.1
38.1
36.1
38.3

37.8
44.1
36.4
35.4
37.3
35.6
37.1

37.4

2.2
4.4
1.3
0.9
1.5
2.3
1.9

1.8
3.8
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.5
1.6

2.3
5.1
1.3
1.3
0.7
1.6
2.2

2.0
5.7
1.0
0.9
0.2
1.4
0.9

32.9

32.4

32.7

32.9

32.7

39.1

38.7

38.3

38.3

38.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

108

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$591.41
602.09
591.40
611.07
595.55
672.84
546.01
539.75

$572.80
578.59
566.64
598.23
584.16
662.12
533.32
531.53

$597.11
601.64
593.15
627.97
594.02
713.06
495.64
557.88

$610.13
616.53
601.21
636.85
600.79
729.86
500.09
562.53

$14.14

530.78
453.60
553.07
530.35
467.19
587.00
468.79
559.58
565.60
537.65
659.01
431.88
676.89

514.98
434.11
532.40
514.17
464.28
559.37
453.25
547.27
555.07
520.07
613.01
408.62
669.78

543.59
463.04
565.10
586.32
523.16
644.57
479.65
571.05
581.05
541.36
610.26
432.12
685.67

550.68
468.50
567.38
596.14
535.95
649.60
478.80
575.26
587.06
543.65
647.53
444.21
692.12

$535.91

17.81
19.59
20.25
18.31
21.19
14.96
17.71
17.58
15.29
18.41
14.40
13.63
15.17
21.06
20.95
21.19
17.75
16.18

17.79

752.99
814.32
853.60
793.52
920.92
636.85
741.71
740.59
599.83
790.72
591.92
516.40
632.61
937.71
969.33
937.06
780.36
682.84

737.87
798.82
849.56
780.02
902.02
633.13
716.98
717.83
591.42
782.32
566.09
510.80
612.32
915.96
936.29
918.14
795.86
676.67

770.35
866.15
912.33
812.84
950.77
682.65
739.34
744.83
647.33
867.23
592.43
541.61
641.51
970.68
930.22
983.96
786.72
685.66

780.08
875.67
915.30
820.29
970.50
677.69
745.59
747.15
648.30
837.66
610.56
553.38
653.83
989.82
978.37
998.05
800.53
698.98

761.41

21.83
24.99
16.75

21.85
24.75
16.68

21.65

948.53
1,069.17
696.26

931.56
1,040.76
664.66

938.69
1,054.58
750.40

946.11
1,064.25
732.25

917.96

12.19
19.02
10.30
12.04
12.16
11.95
11.53

12.41
19.29
10.32
12.65
12.59
12.27
11.74

12.52
19.73
10.31
12.71
12.65
12.39
11.82

12.57

515.82
809.76
408.80
527.79
545.38
518.59
486.33

503.45
829.27
401.70
511.70
535.04
494.73
471.58

519.98
814.04
433.44
536.36
535.08
523.93
489.56

529.60
830.63
435.08
549.07
547.75
535.25
497.62

522.91

9.64
12.53
9.29
10.15
7.75
8.69

9.84
12.78
9.51
10.19
8.05
8.92

9.90
12.76
9.50
10.15
7.95
8.89

9.92

359.28
505.93
335.76
357.83
291.40
321.13
298.29

8.81

373.92
546.98
349.02
367.86
306.71
322.01
337.42

8.98

374.22
562.72
345.80
359.31
296.54
316.48
333.16

371.01

8.24

353.79
511.22
327.94
358.30
278.23
313.71
287.58

12.68

12.92

13.14

411.25

410.83

12.96

422.48

426.38

429.68

15.57

15.87

15.93

15.92

606.05

602.56

607.82

610.12

611.33

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$13.32
13.35
13.38
14.08
13.85
16.02
12.61
12.76

$13.29
13.24
13.72
14.01
13.81
15.69
12.49
12.87

$13.54
13.52
13.45
14.37
14.01
16.43
12.36
13.22

$13.68
13.64
13.48
14.54
14.07
16.55
12.44
13.33

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.68
13.42
15.07
13.16
12.23
13.91
12.95
13.92
14.14
13.21
14.71
10.77
17.05

13.66
13.44
14.83
13.05
12.25
13.71
12.84
13.89
14.16
13.10
14.39
10.81
17.13

14.01
13.74
15.44
13.96
13.38
14.42
13.25
14.17
14.49
13.40
14.53
11.08
16.93

14.12
13.82
15.46
14.06
13.50
14.50
13.30
14.31
14.64
13.49
14.75
11.05
16.84

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

17.31
18.85
19.40
18.20
20.24
15.42
17.09
16.87
14.35
17.65
13.83
12.91
14.61
20.70
20.45
20.87
17.38
15.59

17.24
18.84
19.53
18.14
20.27
15.33
16.99
16.89
14.32
17.78
13.74
12.77
14.51
20.40
20.31
20.54
17.53
15.70

17.75
19.73
20.41
18.39
21.27
15.17
17.73
17.65
15.16
18.65
14.31
13.21
15.13
20.83
20.58
20.98
17.60
16.02

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

21.22
23.55
16.08

21.22
23.60
15.35

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

12.08
18.53
10.22
12.05
11.96
11.84
11.47

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

9.43
12.25
9.05
9.75
7.94
8.75
8.15

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

12.50
15.50

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

109

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

4011

44.4

44.3

45.0

44.3

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

34.3
38.6
39.8

32.8
38.7
38.8

33.9
38.3
39.4

34.2
39.1
38.8

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

40.4
40.3
41.3

39.1
39.0
39.5

40.8
40.7
41.2

40.7
40.6
41.1

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

37.8

37.3

36.0

36.5

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

45.9

45.2

42.3

42.7

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.2
38.0
38.9
37.6

38.1
38.6
39.3
37.1

37.6
36.8
36.8
38.3

37.7
36.2
36.2
38.5

48

483
484

40.6
42.4
42.7
35.3
39.4

40.8
42.1
42.6
35.4
41.6

40.0
41.0
41.6
35.8
41.2

39.6
40.5
40.9
35.7
40.7

49
491
492
493
495

42.1
40.8
42.7
43.3
43.7

42.9
41.9
44.1
44.0
43.7

41.8
41.2
41.5
43.5
42.1

41.3
40.8
41.7
42.3
41.6

38.4

38.0

38.4

38.5

39.0
37.7
37.4
40.4
39.6
39.5
41.4
39.4
38.9
39.3
36.9

38.7
37.4
37.2
39.4
39.4
39.2
41.0
39.1
38.7
39.0
36.5

39.1
37.2
38.2
40.4
39.3
39.4
41.2
39.7
39.3
39.3
37.7

39.1
37.6
39.2
40.3
39.3
39.8
41.5
39.5
39.4
39.1
37.8

37.5
37.2
36.8
36.3
38.8
33.6
40.2
38.3
37.7
36.3

37.1
36.7
36.9
35.7
38.0
33.2
40.3
38.1
37.1
35.7

37.6
36.7
37.4
36.5
38.8
33.9
40.3
37.3
37.8
36.3

37.7
36.4
37.5
36.5
39.2
33.2
40.5
37.9
37.8
36.3

29.2

28.1

28.7

29.3

34.8
36.5
34.8
30.7
31.8

34.2
35.8
34.5
29.8
30.3

35.4
37.3
34.8
30.3
32.2

35.0
36.9
34.8
30.4
31.5

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

481
4813

Wholesale trade

Machinery, equipment, and supplies

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508

Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

509

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513

514
515

516
517
518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
Jan.
2000P

38.5

28.3

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Jan.
Dec.
1999P 2000P.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Average hourly earnings

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$17.76

$17.70

$17.63

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$17.63

$788.54

$784.11

$793.35

$781.01

Jan.
2000P

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.36
11.90
13.11

11.52
12.05
13.46

11.74
12.27
13.83

11.85
12.43
13.73

389.65
459.34
521.78

377.86
466.34
522.25

397.99
469.94
544.90

405.27
486.01
532.72

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.78
14.01
11.49

13.75
13.97
11.56

14.17
14.39
11.94

14.19
14.41
12.04

556.71
564.60
474.54

537.63
544.83
456.62

578.14
585.67
491.93

577.53
585.05
494.84

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

20.66

20.53

20.34

20.30

780.95

765.77

732.24

740.95

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.88

21.00

22.45

22.13

958.39

949.20

949.64

944.95

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

14.34
15.14
15.59
14.01

14.20
14.73
15.13
14.08

14.39
14.59
14.99
14.57

14.46
14.70
15.16
14.66

547.79
575.32
606.45
526.78

541.02
568.58
594.61
522.37

541.06
536.91
551.63
558.03

545.14
532.14
548.79
564.41

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48

17.65
18.08
18.71
18.41
14.49

17.55
18.06
18.50
18.09
14.29

17.41
17.55
18.10
18.92
14.73

17.47
17.57
18.20
18.86
15.19

716.59
766.59
798.92
649.87
570.91

716.04
760.33
788.10
640.39
594.46

696.40
719.55
752.96
677.34
606.88

691.81
711.59
744.38
673.30
618.23

20.23
21.38
18.92
23.85
16.29

20.49
21.63
18.97
24.58
16.25

20.81
22.01
19.38
23.99
17.29

20.96
21.94
19.29
25.03
17.35

14.32

14.42

14.82

14.90

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

481
4813
483
484

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

851.68
879.02
872.30
906.30
807.88
836.58
1,032.70 1,081.52
711.87
710.13
$15.02

869.86
865.65
906.81
895.15
804.39
804.27
1,043.57 1,058.77
721.76
727.91

549.89

547.96

569.09

573.65

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

14.96
13.13
13.20
13.41
17.72
17.53
13.92
15.95
13.97
15.09
11.59

15.11
13.27
13.15
13.52
17.94
17.50
13.95
16.04
14.01
15.21
11.73

15.54
13.46
13.47
13.89
18.57
17.81
14.59
16.18
14.40
15.69
12.09

15.59
13.63
13.50
13.94
18.62
17.84
14.72
16.17
14.41
15.74
12.13

583.44
495.00
493.68
541.76
701.71
692.44
576.29
628.43
543.43
593.04
427.67

584.76
496.30
489.18
532.69
706.84
686.00
571.95
627.16
542.19
593.19
428.15

607.61
500.71
514.55
561.16
729.80
701.71
601.11
642.35
565.92
616.62
455.79

609.57
512.49
529.20
561.78
731.77
710.03
610.88
638.72
567.75
615.43
458.51

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511

13.41
13.57
17.73
13.11
13.39
10.22
15.48
12.09
15.81
11.09

13.41
13.60
17.42
13.30
13.30
10.31
15.68
12.13
15.56
11.22

13.76
13.79
18.95
13.06
13.71
10.54
16.16
12.61
15.58
11.29

13.89
13.96
18.77
13.18
13.83
10.66
16.28
12.70
15.95
11.41

502.88
504.80
652.46
475.89
519.53
343.39
622.30
463.05
596.04
402.57

497.51
499.12
642.80
474.81
505.40
342.29
631.90
462.15
577.28
400.55

517.38
506.09
708.73
476.69
531.95
357.31
651.25
470.35
588.92
409.83

523.65
508.14
703.88
481.07
542.14
353.91
659.34
481.33
602.91
414.18

8.88

9.00

9.21

9.26

259.30

252.90

264.33

271.32

10.58

10.65

11.06

11.10
10.70
8.72

11.14
11.66
10.97
9.08
10.13

11.15
11.70
10.96
9.11
10.10

368.18
403.69
377.23
265.25
304.96

364.23
397.38
369.15
259.86
300.88

394.36
434.92
381.76
275.12
326.19

390.25
431.73
381.41
276.94
318.15

512
513
514
515
516

517
518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525

526

10.84

8.64
9.59

9.93

See footnotes at end of table.




111

9.34

Jan.
2000P

$578.27

264.32

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

53
531
533
539

31.0
31.1
29.2
31.0

28.6
28.6
26.5
29.5

28.7
28.7
27.2
29.8

30.5
30.6
28.0
30.9

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.4
29.4
28.9

29.1
29.2
27.5

29.6
29.8
28.2

30.0
30.0
29.2

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.2
36.8
37.8
31.6
35.3

35.0
36.5
37.1
31.8
35.2

35.5
36.5
38.3
32.3
35.7

35.4
36.6
38.1
32.4
34.3

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.4
29.4
24.3
28.9
27.4

24.9
28.1
21.8
25.7
25.6

25.7
27.9
22.9
26.2
26.7

26.6
28.6
23.9
27.4
27.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

33.5
33.3
34.9
33.5
34.8
25.1

32.3
32.3
33.3
32.2
32.1
24.5

32.4
33.1
33.3
31.6
31.2
24.4

33.2
33.4
34.5
32.8
33.3
26.4

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.4

24.3

25.3

25.4

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

30.4
29.0
30.5
28.8
35.2
38.2
31.3
33.5
31.1

28.8
28.8
29.8
26.6
32.5
39.9
29.2
33.5
29.6

29.2
29.0
30.0
27.3
32.9
37.2
30.1
32.7
30.1

30.6
29.3
30.5
29.4
34.7
37.5
31.2
32.7
30.8

36.2

36.0

36.0

36.2

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores

Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.2
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.6

35.3
35.1
35.0
35.2
35.6

35.1
35.1
34.8
35.3
35.3

35.2
35.2
34.9
35.4
35.4

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

38.3
38.7

37.8
38.1

37.1
38.2

37.3
38.2

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.6

37.8

37.5

37.6

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

39.0
38.8
38.5
38.9
39.6

38.3
38.5
38.4
38.9
38.2

38.6
38.6
38.4
39.2
38.8

39.2
39.0
38.5
39.4
40.1

32.6

32.3

32.7

32.6

33.8

32.7

35.0

33.4

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




112

Average overtime hours
Jan.
2000P

37.0

32.7

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

53
531
533
539

$8.62
8.67
7.63
8.47

$8.72
8.77
7.86
8.52

$9.08
9.15
7.74
8.92

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

9.14
9.24
8.31

9.27
9.35
8.36

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

12.20
15.31
10.21
7.99
13.62

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places4

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$9.22
9.30
7.60
8.95

$267.22
269.64
222.80
262.57

$249.39
250.82
208.29
251.34

$260.60
262.61
210.53
265.82

$281.21
284.58
212.80
276.56

9.32
9.41
8.58

9.32
9.41
8.74

268.72
271.66
240.16

269.76
273.02
229.90

275.87
280.42
241.96

279.60
282.30
255.21

12.22
15.35
10.20
8.05
13.43

12.63
15.87
10.55
8.30
13.39

12.63
15.83
10.50
8.33
13.61

429.44
563.41
385.94
252.48
480.79

427.70
560.28
378.42
255.99
472.74

448.37
579.26
404.07
268.09
478.02

447.10
579.38
400.05
269.89
466.82

8.59
10.24
8.47
8.43
8.39

8.73
10.33
8.63
8.52
8.41

9.00
10.55
9.04
8.72
8.67

8.97
10.58
8.92
8.63
8.81

235.37
301.06
205.82
243.63
229.89

217.38
290.27
188.13
218.96
215.30

231.30
294.35
207.02
228.46
231.49

238.60
302.59
213.19
236.46
243.16

12.15
11.55
11.59
12.90
12.33
7.08

12.12
11.47
11.40
12.97
11.76
7.25

12.28
11.78
11.48
12.99
11.89
7.54

12.48
11.87
11.98
13.25
12.71
7.32

407.03
384.62
404.49
432.15
429.08
177.71

391.48
370.48
379.62
417.63
377.50
177.63

397.87
389.92
382.28
410.48
370.97
183.98

414.34
396.46
413.31
434.60
423.24
193.25

6.53

6.51

6.73

6.80

165.86

158.19

170.27

172.72

9.53
10.20
8.09
8.71
10.10
13.26
9.75
11.49
10.11

9.83
10.23
8.18
9.19
10.26
13.66
9.91
11.47
10.28

9.93
10.72
8.23
9.14
10.34
13.39
10.01
11.60
10.43

9.90
10.71
8.26
9.10
10.49
13.54
9.99
11.68
10.42

289.71
295.80
246.75
250.85
355.52
506.53
305.18
384.92
314.42

283.10
294.62
243.76
244.45
333.45
545.03
289.37
384.25
304.29

289.96
310.88
246.90
249.52
340.19
498.11
301.30
379.32
313.94

302.94
313.80
251.93
267.54
364.00
507.75
311.69
381.94
320.94

14.40

14.48

14.73

14.75

521.28

521.28

530.28

533.95

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

$14.99

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

11.11
10.69
10.37
10.91
10.79

11.18
10.80
10.49
11.01
10.87

11.38
10.91
10.49
11.19
11.07

11.34
10.84
10.58
11.01
11.11

391.07
374.15
362.95
381.85
384.12

394.65
379.08
367.15
387.55
386.97

399.44
382.94
365.05
395.01
390.77

399.17
381.57
369.24
389.75
393.29

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

15.07
12.25

15.14
12.11

15.42
12.70

15.38
12.70

577.18
474.08

572.29
461.39

572.08
485.14

573.67
485.14

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

21.26

21.79

21.87

22.03

799.38

823.66

820.13

828.33

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

16.76
15.29
16.08
16.51
18.05

16.85
15.21
16.13
16.58
18.40

17.09
15.55
16.56
16.86
18.51

17.06
15.59
16.24
16.52
18.64

653.64
593.25
619.08
642.24
714.78

645.36
585.59
619.39
644.96
702.88

659.67
600.23
635.90
660.91
718.19

668.75
608.01
625.24
650.89
747.46

13.18

13.30

13.60

13.68

429.67

429.59

444.72

445.97

10.26

10.31

10.68

10.80

346.79

337.14

373.80

360.72

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




113

13.82

Jan.
2000P

$554.63

451.91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

074
078

28.1
36.4

28.0
35.1

28.2
37.9

27.9
35.9

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.0

29.8

30.6

29.8

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.4
28.4
26.6

33.2
27.1
22.2

34.3
28.1
28.2

34.4
28.6
27.0

73
731

33.9
36.6

33.4
36.6

33.9
36.1

34.0
35.8

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.0
28.6
38.2
27.7
39.2
37.4
41.0
39.1

36.3
28.2
36.3
27.4
38.6
36.6
40.5
38.4

36.6
29.1
37.6
28.3
38.2
34.8
41.3
37.9

36.8
29.0
36.3
28.4
38.2
35.1
40.5
38.1

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

33.0
38.3
38.5
39.2
38.7
39.8
33.5
34.9
36.9

32.3
38.1
38.0
39.2
38.5
38.7
32.8
34.5
36.9

32.8
38.5
37.8
39.4
38.8
39.6
33.6
35.6
37.2

33.1
38.4
37.4
39.3
38.7
40.0
33.5
35.5
36.7

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.6
35.9
35.5

33.0
37.9
38.1
37.7
30.4
27.3

35.5
35.9
35.3
33.3
37.7
37.8
37.7
30.3
26.3

35.4
35.7
35.2
33.0
37.4
37.9
36.7
30.8
28.5

35.1
35.5
34.6
33.0.
37.5
38.3
36.8
29.2
26.2

Miscellaneous repair services

76

37.9

37.4

37.8

37.9

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.5
40.5
23.2

30.5
40.5
23.1

31.2
40.9
23.5

31.1
41.6
23.5

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.3
25.1
25.9
19.1
28.8

25.7
24.9
25.1
19.2
26.8

26.0
25.5
25.6
19.1
27.3

25.8
25.1
25.4
18.5
28.8

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.0
32.8
28.4
30.1
32.5
31.8
34.9

32.9
32.6
27.7
30.0
32.4
31.6
34.9

32.9
32.9
28.0
30.4
32.4
31.4
34.7

33.0
32.8
28.3
30.2
32.6
31.7
34.9

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Jan.
Dec.
1999P 2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Dec.

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

074
078

$10.22
10.33

$10.23
10.40

$10.50
10.77

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

9.24

9.18

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.60
9.72
9.54

73
731

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$10.50
10.96

$287.18
376.01

$286.44
365.04

$296.10
408.18

$292.95
393.46

9.46

9.59

277.20

273.56

289.48

285.78

8.63
9.44
9.28

8.88
9.93
9.96

8.92
10.14
9.96

295.84
276.05
253.76

286.52
255.82
206.02

304.58
279.03
280.87

306.85
290.00
268.92

12.82
18.09

13.11
18.06

13.33
19.06

13.40
19.10

434.60
662.09

437.87
661.00

451.89
688.07

455.60
683.78

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.46
8.32
11.42

11.60

11.86
8.77

7.95
13.21
12.99
17.02
11.97

16.83
11.95

11.82
8.72
11.84
8.35
13.70
13.55
17.97
12.27

12.38

412.56
237.95
436.24
220.22
517.83
485.83
697.82
468.03

421.08
236.32
415.27
219.75
509.91
486.05
681.62
458.88

432.61
253.75
445.18
236.31
523.34
471.54
742.16
465.03

436.45
254.33
435.96
238.56
524.10
477.36
722.93
471.68

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.36
21.73
24.78
21.09
15.67
17.46
10.26
8.48
13.91

10.63
21.81
24.78
21.01
16.04
16.98
10.40
8.52
13.89

10.58
22.70
25.87
21.68
15.60
17.40
10.69
8.81
14.23

10.68
22.75
25.92
21.54
15.48
17.53
10.69
8.89
14.33

341.88
832.26
954.03
826.73
606.43
694.91
343.71
295.95
513.28

343.35
830.96
941.64
823.59
617.54
657.13
341.12
293.94
512.54

347.02
873.95
977.89
854.19
605.28
689.04
359.18
313.64
529.36

353.51
873.60
969.41
846.52
599.08
701.20
358.12
315.60
525.91

75
751

11.32
10.79
9.67

11.34
10.94
9.89
8.46
12.68
13.34
12.53

11.63

11.74

11.15
10.12
8.62
13.03

11.25

402.57
392.75
349.12
281.72
478.04
504.25
472.38
259.07
200.14

411.70
398.06
356.22
284.46
487.32
519.61
470.13
266.42
218.88

412.07
399.38
357.07
292.71
490.50
527.01
471.04
255.21
202.53

8.38
11.44
8.02

13.21
13.28

12.01
8.40
13.72

13.60
17.85

Jan.
2000P

8.55
7.61

13.71
12.81
8.65
7.68

12.80
8.74
7.73

402.99
387.36
343.29
280.50
480.19
510.54
468.99
262.35
208.57

13.57

13.65

13.97

14.11

514.30

510.51

528.07

534.77

78
781
784

15.39
20.90
7.18

15.34
21.10
7.23

15.83
21.14
7.57

15.87
21.36
7.56

469.40
846.45
166.58

467.87
854.55
167.01

493.90
864.63
177.90

493.56
888.58
177.66

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

10.14
7.64
9.41
9.06

10.06
7.63
9.34
9.06
10.00

10.28
7.87
9.63
9.63
10.10

10.49
7.98
9.82
9.77
10.42

266.68
191.76
243.72
t73.05
288.86

258.54
189.99
234.43
173.95
268.00

267.28
200.69
246.53
183.93
275.73

270.64
200.30
249.43
180.75
300.10

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

13.97

14.03
14.61
14.49
13.00
10.00
9.56
15.79

14.41
15.09
15.07
13.12
10.39
10.00
16.14

14.45
15.13
15.24
13.09
10.45
10.06
16.18

461.01
478.22
412.08
391.00
323.38
302.42
548.28

461.59
476.29
401.37
390.00
324.00
302.10
551.07

474.09
496.46
421.96
398.85
336.64
314.00
560.06

476.85
496.26
431.29
395.32
340.67
318.90
564.68

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

Miscellaneous repair services

76

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

Hospitals

8.50
12.67
13.40
12.44
8.63
7.64

10.03

14.58
14.51
12.99
9.95
9.51
15.71

See footnotes at end of table.




115

10.32
8.87
13.08
13.76

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

808

28.8

28.7

29.5

29.3

Legal services

81

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.2
31.6
30.7
29.6
32.2
32.7

31.1
31.3
30.5
29.1
32.3
32.5

31.2
31.0
30.8
29.8
32.3
32.7

31.1
31.1
30.7
29.6
32.3
32.4

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.1

35.3

35.4

35.4

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.1
39.2
39.7
37.9
37.9
35.9
36.4
39.1
31.8
35.8
36.1
35.1
36.5
34.1

37.2
38.9
39.3
38.2
35.9
36.6
36.4
39.7
31.1
36.0
36.4
34.9
37.0
35.2

37.0
39.2
39.6
38.1
37.3
36.3
36.0
39.0
30.3
36.2
35.9
35.4
36.3
35.5

37.0
39.0
39.5
37.7
36.8
36.5
36.0
38.9
30.8
36.3
36.0
35.9
36.4
35.4

Services, nee

89

35.4

34.5

35.9

36.0

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

See footnotes at end of table.




116

Average overtime hours
Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$11.68

$11.75

$12.17

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

$12.22

$336.38

$337.23

$359.02

$358.05

Legal services

81

18.54

18.65

19.31

19.47

645.19

647.16

670.06

677.56

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.40
9.86
9.16
8.16
9.52
11.23

9.48
9.97
9.27
8.20
9.56
11.40

9.72
10.19
9.42
8.44
9.86
11.77

9.78
10.24
9.51
8.52
9.91
11.79

293.28
311.58
281.21
241.54
306.54
367.22

294.83
312.06
282.74
238.62
308.79
370.50

303.26
315.89
290.14
251.51
318.48
384.88

304.16
318.46
291.96
252.19
320.09
382.00

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

18.39

18.69

18.87

18.72

645.49

659.76

668.00

662.69

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

18.18
19.89
20.84
17.76
13.90
15.73
18.33
20.30
14.86
21.69
17.71
15.80
20.37
16.24

18.26
19.93
20.83
17.95
13.97
15.70
18.59
20.56
15.16
21.92
17.86
15.84
20.46
16.36

18.84
20.62
21.53
18.64
14.60
16.04
18.55
20.44
14.86
22.26
18.73
16.65
21.87
17.45

18.85
20.72
21.62
18.73
14.63
16.05
18.47
20.41
14.72
22.16
18.73
16.71
21.70
17.61

674.48
779.69
827.35
673.10
526.81
564.71
667.21
793.73
472.55
776.50
639.33
554.58
743.51
553.78

679.27
775.28
818.62
685.69
501.52
574.62
676.68
816.23
471.48
789.12
650.10
552.82
757.02
575.87

697.08
808.30
852.59
710.18
544.58
582.25
667.80
797.16
450.26
805.81
672.41
589.41
793.88
619.48

697.45
808.08
853.99
706.12
538.38
585.83
664.92
793.95
453.38
804.41
674.28
599.89
789.88
623.39

Services, nee

89

17.64

18.27

18.90

18.86

624.46

630.32

678.51

678.96

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




4

Jan.
2000P

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
5

117

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Nov.
1998

Dec.
1998

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Nov.
1998

Dec.
1998

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$21.54

$21.56

$22.28

$22.49

$21.61

$21.50

$21.63

$21.93

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.63

21.65

22.35

22.56

21.83

21.69

21.73

22.05

preliminary.




118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

$12.94

$12.98

$13.31

$13.41

$13.44

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.36
10.73
10.59
12.78
14.32
12.58
13.88
12.63
16.41
13.44
10.71

13.39
10.74
10.64
12.79
14.38
12.61
13.92
12.71
16.49
13.43
10.80

13.77
11.01
10.86
13.07
14.98
12.82
14.36
12.94
17.31
13.73
11.00

13.88
11.08
10.90
13.09
15.02
12.89
14.43
13.01
17.54
13.72
11.14

13.91
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.31
11.28

11.44

12.36
11.23
16.57
10.09
8.46
14.81
13.18
16.33
19.90
11.60

9.17

9.40

12.61
11.42
17.24
10.24
8.68
15.08
13.42
16.70
20.33
11.76
9.56

12.69
11.53
17.04
10.25
8.70
15.13
13.52
16.75
20.54
11.84
9.65

$12.73
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

16.29
9.99
8.45
14.82
13.11
16.34

19.87

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$13.00
7.84

$13.11
7.89

$13.43
7.88

$13.46
7.90

$13.59 $451.10 $445.74 $463.34 $465.72 $466.14
272.07 268.19 271.91 273.31
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.29
10.43

17.23
10.37

16.95
9.95

17.15
10.06

$17.26
(2)

755.57
455.71

728.83
438.53

757.67
444.64

761.46 $766.34
446.87
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.87
10.17

16.74
10.07

17.37
10.19

17.42
10.22

$17.36
(2)

659.62
397.84

634.45
381.74

686.12
402.65

674.15 $664.89
395.63
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.69
8.26

13.66
8.22

14.08
8.26

14.20
8.33

$14.17
(2)

583.19
351.74

564.16
339.45

594.18
348.70

603.50 $589.47
354.17
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
,
Constant (1982) dollars

15.50
9.35

15.57
9.37

15.87
9.31

15.93
9.35

$15.92
(2)

606.05
365.53

602.56
362.55

607.82
356.70

610.12 $611.33
358.05
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.32
8.64

14.42
8.68

14.82
8.70

14.90
8.74

$15.02
(2)

549.89
331.66

547.96
329.70

569.09
333.97

573.65 $578.27
336.65
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.88
5.36

9.00
5.42

9.21
5.40

9.26
5.43

$9.34
(2)

259.30
156.39

252.90
152.17

264.33
155.12

271.32 $264.32
159.23
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.40
8.69

14.48
8.71

14.73
8.64

14.75
8.66

$14.99
(2)

521.28
314.40

521.28
313.65

530.28
311.20

533.95 $554.63
313.35
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.18
7.95

13.30
8.00

13.60
7.98

13.68
8.03

$13.82
(2)

429.67
259.15

429.59
258.48

444.72
260.99

445.97 $451.91
261.72
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999P

Jan.
2000P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

120

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

.

..

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

43.0
44.3
45.5

42.5
41.6
42.5

42.9
41.1
42.9

$12.34
13.04
13.68

$12.60
13.31
14.14

$12.68
13.37
14.04

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

$530.62
577.67
622.44

$535.50
553.70
600.95

$543.97
549.51
602.32

Alaska

36.9

36.1

35.9

14.12

13.64

14.89

521.03

492.40

534.55

Arizona

40.1

40.4

40.3

12.48

12.71

12.77

500.45

513.48

514.63

43.5
42.9
45.5
42.8
40.8

41.6
40.9
41.3
41.4
40.1

42.6
41.2
41.8
42.2
40.6

11.41
11.09
11.36
11.92
13.21

11.63
11.20
11.40
12.29
13.20

11.74
11.24
11.43
12.41
13.34

496.34
475.76
516.88
510.18
538.97

483.81
458.08
470.82
508.81
529.32

500.12
463.09
477.77
523.70
541.60

42.5
42.0
41.6
42.9
42.1
42.5
44.4
42.6
41.3
39.1
40.8
40.2
43.0
42.3
40.4
42.8
41.3
43.0

42.0
42.1
41.2
42.9
42.5
41.8
43.5
42.4
41.3
42.0
40.1
40.3
42.3
42.0
40.0
41.6
42.0
42.8

42.1
42.2
41.4
43.1
42.7
42.6
43.4
42.7
41.2
42.0
40.2
40.5
41.7
42.0
39.8
41.5
41.9
42.9

13.91
13.84
12.19
13.01
14.00
15.70
13.21
12.24
14.84
14.29
13.68
14.80
17.04
14.32
15.45
13.46
15.72
12.45

14.03
13.95
12.26
13.05
14.20
15.76
13.49
12.50
15.09
13.92
13.64
14.87
17.34
14.35
15.62
13.27
15.98
12.57

14.10
14.14
12.24
13.06
14.14
15.88
13.53
12.58
15.12
13.95
13.66
14.88
17.40
14.49
15.64
13.26
16.09
12.61

591.18
581.28
507.10
558.13
589.40
667.25
586.52
521.42
612.89
558.74
558.14
594.96
732.72
605.74
624.18
576.09
649.24
535.35

589.26
587.30
505.11
559.85
603.50
658.77
586.82
530.00
623.22
584.64
546.96
599.26
733.48
602.70
624.80
552.03
671.16
538.00

593.61
596.71
506.74
562.89
603.78
676.49
587.20
537.17
622.94
585.90
549.13
602.64
725.58
608.58
622.47
550.29
674.17
540.97

41.5
42.2

41.3
41.4

41.4
41.8

14.06
13.18

14.45
13.62

14.50
13.67

583.49
556.20

596.79
563.87

600.30
571.41

43.2
42.5
41.8
44.3
43.0
43.0
39.7
44.7

42.9
42.1
43.1
43.0
42.4
42.9
39.8
44.8

43.4
45.2
42.7
44.2
42.9
43.0
39.8
43.6

15.01
15.43
15.10
15.88
14.88
15.64
13.81
14.28

15.65
15.91
15.66
16.42
15.01
16.10
13.40
14.74

15.93
15.99
15.68
16.84
15.22
16.33
13.59
14.29

648.43
655.78
631.18
703.48
639.84
672.52
548.26
638.32

671.39
669.81
674.95
706.06
636.42
690.69
533.32
660.35

691.36
722.75
669.54
744.33
652.94
702.19
540.88
623.04

44.4
40.5
45.1

44.3
41.3
45.7

43.7
40.8
45.0

15.55
13.85
18.61

15.93
14.18
19.18

16.08
14.20
19.30

690.42
560.93
839.31

705.70
585.63
876.53

702.70
579.36
868.50

40.2

40.4

39.4

14.93

15.38

15.73

600.19

621.35

619.76

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith .
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

.

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto .
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Colorado
Denver

.

..

.

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

.

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

.

Florida

43.0

43.0

43.6

11.68

12.03

12.01

502.24

517.29

523.64

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

42.8
42.6
48.7

41.8
40.9
47.1

42.9
41.6
48.2

12.27
13.00
15.77

12.72
13.72
16.36

12.82
13.84
16.57

525.16
553.80
768.00

531.70
561.15
770.56

549.98
575.74
798.67

39.4
40.0

38.5
39.3

40.5
41.3

13.16
13.12

13.50
13.16

13.53
13.32

518.50
524.80

519.75
517.19

547.97
550.12

39.3

40.0

39.9

13.01

13.84

13.78

511.29

553.60

549.82

41.9
40.0
41.5
42.4
42.5
42.2
41.5
42.4
42.7
41.6

42.4
42.1
40.7
42.6
41.1
40.7
42.6
41.1
43.0
38.8

42.6
42.5
41.8
42.9
40.5
41.0
42.4
42.5
43.3
39.1

13.86
17.82
11.27
13.58
15.57
16.84
15.56
16.53
15.36
12.40

14.18
19.14
12.22
13.85
15.92
16.63
15.74
16.64
16.42
12.71

14.27
19.09
12.39
13.90
15.79
16.61
15.82
16.62
16.50
12.71

580.73
712.80
467.71
575.79
661.73
710.65
645.74
700.87
655.87
515.84

601.23
805.79
497.35
590.01
654.31
676.84
670.52
683.90
706.06
493.15

607.90
811.33
517.90
596.31
639.50
681.01
670.77
706.35
714.45
496.96

.

.

Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

. ..

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

December

November

December

44.3
40.7
40.4
44.3
41.8
44.4
44.3
50.3
45.2
45.5
41.5
45.6

42.8
40.5
39.5
44.0
41.4
43.3
44.2
49.3
43.6
45.6
41.2
44.7

43.3
40.2
39.6
44.4
42.0
43.4
44.2
50.3
44.4
45.5
40.7
44.7

$14.95
12.04
12.52
14.35
14.97
19.18
15.55
21.90
15.85
14.86
12.47
14.70

$15.45
13.41
13.99
15.02
15.64
20.40
15.49
23.05
16.73
15.03
12.60
13.88

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.8
41.8
41.4
40.4
41.4

42.1
40.0
40.9
39.8
40.2

41.9
41.2
41.5
42.7
39.8

14.16
19.06
14.14
15.79
11.89

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.7
41.5
43.1

41.3
38.5
41.7

40.9
38.9
41.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.8
42.6
43.1

42.3
43.2
42.6

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

44.7
43.3
44.1
43.8

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

$15.53
13.48
14.25
15.02
15.74
20.34
15.45
23.06
16.68
14.98
12.73
13.72

$662.29
490.03
505.81
635.71
625.75
851.59
688.87
1,101.57
716.42
676.13
517.51
670.32

$661.26
543.11
552.61
660.88
647.50
883.32
684.66
1,136.37
729.43
685.37
519.12
620.44

$672.45
541.90
564.30
661.08
882.76
682.89
1,159.92
740.59
681.59
518.11
613.28

14.17
17.65
14.65
15.35
12.10

14.42
18.25
15.09
17.21
12.31

606.05
796.71
585.40
637.92
492.25

596.56
706.00
599.19
610.93
486.42

604.20
751.90
626.24
734.87
489.94

14.31
16.07
16.65

14.57
16.96
16.68

14.65
17.26
16.55

596.73

601.74
652.96
695.56

599.19
671.41
686.83

42.7
43.7
42.7

14.15
14.06
15.89

14.38
15.23
16.51

14.34
15.35
16.52

591.47
598.96

608.27
657.94
703.33

612.32
670.80
705.40

43.9
44.1
44.6
41.4

44.5
45.1
44.1
41.8

14.62
16.51
14.83
14.54

15.38
17.99
15.22
15.01

15.50
18.34
15.09
14.67

653.51
714.88
654.00
636.85

675.18
793.36
678.81
621.41

689.75
827.13
665.47
613.21

42.0
43.2
43.2

41.4
41.9
44.3

41.4
42.8
44.6

13.74
11.94
11.39

13.95
12.67
11.53

14.07
12.50
11.65

577.08
515.81
492.05

577.53
530.87
510.78

582.50
535.00
519.59

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

42.5
41.8

42.0
41.3

41.6
41.0

14.28
15.20

14.49
15.49

14.55
15.53

606.90
635.36

608.58
639.74

605.28
636.73

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.5
41.9
42.6
41.9

42.3
41.4
41.4
43.1

42.8
42.0
41.4
43.0

13.93
15.24
13.62
14.28

14.37
15.70
13.92
14.53

14.39
15.86
13.90
14.57

592.03
638.56
580.21
598.33

607.85
649.98
576.29
626.24

615.89
666.12
575.46
626.51

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

45.3
45.2
45.2
48.0
43.3
42.0
42.9
44.2
47.7

44.1
45.2
44.9
46.0
43.1
41.5
43.2
43.8
47.3

45.0
46.1
46.2
46.8
43.5
43.2
44.0
43.5
48.1

18.28
19.39
20.28
26.31
15.49
13.20
15.97
20.10
22.20

18.43
19.83
19.93
25.16
15.03
13.23
14.74
19.95
22.52

18.89
20.40
20.57
25.55
15.31
13.33
14.79
20.28
22.65

828.08
876.43
916.66
1,262.88
670.72
554.40
685.11
888.42
1,058.94

812.76
896.32
1,157.36
647.79
549.05
636.77
873.81
1,065.20

850.05
940.44
950.33
1,195.74
665.99
575.86
650.76
882.18
1,089.47

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.6
40.0
42.2
42.6

41.6
38.8
41.9
42.9

41.7
38.0
42.1
43.6

14.10
12.76
15.15
13.40

14.57
12.53
15.52
13.93

14.59
12.67
15.48
14.45

586.56
510.40
639.33
570.84

606.11
486.16
650.29
597.60

608.40
481.46
651.71
630.02

Mississippi
Jackson

42.5
40.4

41.7
42.1

42.3
42.3

10.90
12.58

11.28
13.09

11.41
12.95

463.25
508.23

470.38
551.09

482.64
547.79

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

43.2
45.0
44.7
41.3

41.1
42.4
42.4
41.2

42.0
42.4
44.1
40.9

13.60
13.96
16.38
11.64

14.01
14.79
16.25
11.87

14.10
14.90
16.19
11.96

587.52
628.20
732.19
480.73

575.81
627.10
689.00
489.04

592.20
631.76
713.98
489.16

Montana

39.8

38.7

39.9

13.96

14.12

14.27

555.61

546.44

569.37

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

43.8
45.3
42.8

42.2
45.3
41.6

42.7
45.8
41.6

12.57
14.18
13.31

12.55
14.69
13.46

12.79
14.59
14.44

550.57
642.35
569.67

529.61
665.46
559.94

546.13
668.22
600.70

Nevada
Las Vegas

41.5
37.0

40.7
40.9

40.7
41.3

14.26
16.34

13.70
12.70

13.61
12.67

591.79
604.58

557.59
519.43

553.93
523.27

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

.

See footnotes at end of table.




122

717.62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

$541.83
576.68
624.70
505.90

$537.24
567.55
563.04
541.44

$554.93
577.13
573.25
570.28

December
1998

November
1999

December

December
1998

November
1999

December
1999P

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

42.1
43.1
42.7
40.7

40.7
38.9
41.4
41.3

42.2
40.7
42.4
42.4

$12.87
13.38
14.63
12.43

$13.20
14.59
13.60
13.11

$13.15
14.18
13.52
13.45

New Jersey

42.8

42.2

42.8

14.84

15.19

15.35

635.15

641.02

656.98

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.8
41.3

38.5
37.5

38.7
37.5

12.49
14.37

12.67
14.31

12.85
14.62

497.10
593.48

487.80
536.63

497.30
548.25

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.7
43.2
41.7
43.8
41.3
41.8
41.4
39.2
38.8
40.5
43.8
44.0
42.3
40.5
40.6

41.9
43.0
42.3
44.4
42.3
41.6
39.9
39.8
39.3
42.4
42.3
45.1
41.9
40.2
42.4

42.0
42.5
41.9
44.7
42.7
40.5
40.1
39.8
39.2
41.7
42.6
45.5
42.6
40.7
42.6

13.87
14.83
10.79
17.64
12.27
12.81
12.79
12.64
12.39
11.20
15.37
15.95
14.77
12.16
13.00

14.18
15.85
11.10
18.17
11.99
13.12
13.13
12.77
12.48
11.40
16.02
16.03
15.51
12.53
13.46

14.32
15.80
11.21
18.34
12.09
13.13
13.39
12.85
12.57
11.39
15.91
16.09
15.71
12.67
13.42

578.38
640.66
449.94
772.63
506.75
535.46
529.51
495.49
480.73
453.60
673.21
701.80
624.77
492.48
527.80

594.14
681.55
469.53
806.75
507.18
545.79
523.89
508.25
490.46
483.36
677.65
722.95
649.87
503.71
570.70

601.44
671.50
469.70
819.80
516.24
531.77
536.94
511.43
492.74
474.96
677.77
732.10
669.25
515.67
571.69

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

41.6
41.7
41.9
40.8
43.0

42.0
42.6
42.5
41.0
43.7

42.3
43.1
42.5
41.5
44.7

12.08
11.55
13.02
12.35
13.18

12.54
11.66
13.54
12.61
13.67

12.64
11.62
13.49
12.76
13.64

502.53
481.64
545.54
503.88
566.74

526.68
496.72
575.45
517.01
597.38

534.67
500.82
573.33
529.54
609.71

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.6
41.3

40.3
39.8

41.1
39.6

11.43
10.75

12.40
12.02

12.37
12.15

452.63
443.98

499.72
478.40

508.41
481.14

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

44.0
43.4
40.9
44.3
43.8
42.7
45.0
47.6
43.4
45.2
40.7
45.1
42.8

43.8
42.3
40.0
43.8
44.0
43.0
45.2
46.0
43.9
44.4
42.3
44.1
43.2

44.3
42.7
40.6
44.3
43.9
43.1
45.1
47.7
44.4
45.2
41.2
45.4
43.8

16.22
13.40
13.91
15.48
15.82
15.19
17.40
17.43
16.38
16.88
17.52
17.92
17.97

16.45
13.82
14.03
16.05
16.01
15.13
17.14
17.93
17.10
16.54
18.34
18.48
18.01

16.59
13.93
14.05
16.09
16.19
15.17
17.63
17.95
17.18
16.51
18.24
18.68
17.95

713.68
581.56
568.92
685.76
692.92
648.61
783.00
829.67
710.89
762.98
713.06
808.19
769.12

720.51
584.59
561.20
702.99
704.44
650.59
774.73
824.78
750.69
734.38
775.78
814.97
778.03

734.94
594.81
570.43
712.79
710.74
653.83
795.11
856.22
762.79
746.25
751.49
848.07
786.21

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

42.0
39.7
43.5

42.6
43.9
42.6

42.7
45.0
42.7

12.93
13.43
13.42

12.72
14.02
13.23

12.97
14.54
13.29

543.06
533.17
583.77

541.87
615.48
563.60

553.82
654.30
567.48

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

41.1
42.3
39.4
40.8
41.6

40.6
40.6
39.7
41.5
38.2

41.1
42.2
39.9
41.6
37.6

14.40
13.83
12.80
15.04
12.34

14.76
13.98
13.65
15.23
12.56

14.81
14.10
13.44
15.19
12.90

591.84
585.01
504.32
613.63
513.34

599.26
567.59
541.91
632.05
479.79

595.02
536.26
631.90
485.04

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

42.3
42.8
39.3
45.5
40.8
38.6
41.3
42.3
42.4
42.2
41.3
42.0
40.5
41.7
44.0

42.3
42.5
40.2
44.7
41.0
38.0
41.8
41.9
43.3
43.3
41.7
42.5
43.4
40.4
43.2

42.4
42.0
39.8
44.9
40.5
37.9
41.6
42.6
43.2
43.7
41.7
42.9
42.2
41.5
43.3

14.20
14.87
12.51
14.36
13.99
10.87
12.99
15.40
15.04
15.11
12.90
14.28
12.44
11.62
14.63

14.40
14.80
12.57
14.69
14.59
10.85
13.46
15.73
15.34
15.56
13.13
14.67
12.77
12.00
15.19

14.48
14.86
12.57
14.68
14.78
10.96
13.43
15.79
15.44
15.68
13.14
14.77
12.67
12.10
15.00

600.66
636.44
491.64
653.38
570.79
419.58
536.49
651.42
637.70
637.64
532.77
599.76
503.82
484.55
643.72

609.12
629.00
505.31
656.64
598.19
412.30
562.63
659.09
664.22
673.75
547.52
623.48
554.22
484.80
656.21

613.95
624.12
500.29
659.13
598.59
415.38
558.69
672.65
667.01
685.22
547.94
633.63
534.67
502.15
649.50

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

December
1998

40.7
41.8

November
1999

Average hourly earnings

December
1999P

39.9
41.0

40.7
41.2

December
1998

November
1999

Average weekly earnings

December
1999P

December

November
1999

December

$11.72
12.10

$12.02
12.40

$12.12
12.40

$477.00
505.78

$479.60
508.40

$493.28
510.88

42.8

43.0

43.1

10.60

10.96

11.00

453.68

471.28

474.10

42.5
40.3
43.8

43.0
40.1
45.0

43.0
40.2
44.8

10.45
10.52
10.87

10.66
10.84
11.12

10.68
10.80
11.13

444.13
423.96
476.11

458.38
434.68
500.40

459.24
434.16
498.62

41.3
43.3
39.0
43.2
41.0
41.1

40.8
41.6
42.0
40.9
40.4
40.7

41.4
41.7
42.4
41.4
41.1
41.4

12.23
11.44
12.98
11.98
13.28
12.95

12.65
11.77
13.16
12.62
13.45
13.60

12.76
11.95
13.25
12.77
13.63
13.91

505.10
495.35
506.22
517.54
544.48
532.25

516.12
489.63
552.72
516.16
543.38
553.52

528.26
498.32
561.80
528.68
560.19
575.87

Texas
Dallas
,
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

44.2
43.0
43.5
45.0
42.6

43.4
41.7
43.5
44.9
43.0

43.9
41.8
44.2
45.5
43.3

12.22
12.47
13.31
14.54
9.85

12.30
12.51
13.46
14.35
10.06

12.32
12.52
13.45
14.47
10.09

540.12
536.21
578.99
654.30
419.61

533.82
521.67
585.51
644.32
432.58

540.85
523.34
594.49
658.39
436.90

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.9
41.2

40.7
40.9

40.3
40.5

13.56
13.11

13.51
13.22

13.52
13.21

554.60
540.13

549.86
540.70

544.86
535.01

Vermont
Burlington

40.4
45.6

40.4
37.5

39.9
38.6

13.39
14.23

13.99
14.89

14.06
15.08

540.96
648.89

565.20
558.38

560.99
582.09

Virginia
Bristol
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

43.3
44.6
44.6
43.0
44.6
41.0
42.3
43.6
41.7

42.6
49.1
48.7
45.5
43.3
44.5
40.7
42.8
41.0

43.0
50.2
49.4
45.8
43.1
44.8
40.3
44.9
40.9

13.18
10.69
10.64
13.00
13.22
14.82
13.45
17.00
14.54

13.50
12.88
11.32
13.56
13.29
14.72
13.96
16.70
14.45

13.55
12.93
11.11
13.28
13.45
14.77
14.07
16.47
14.70

570.69
476.77
474.54
559.00
589.61
607.62
568.94
741.20
606.32

575.10
632.41
551.28
616.98
575.46
655.04
568.17
714.76
592.45

582.65
649.09
548.83
608.22
579.70
661.70
567.02
739.50
601.23

South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Washington

41.1

40.9

40.9

16.18

16.32

16.46

665.00

667.49

673.21

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

42.0
48.4
42.2
43.3
43.4

42.3
49.3
40.6
43.5
42.4

41.9
50.8
41.1
42.9
45.1

13.92
15.64
15.87
17.64
17.37

14.39
16.47
15.20
18.23
16.91

14.34
16.32
15.12
18.52
17.51

584.64
756.98
669.71
763.81
753.86

608.70
811.97
617.12
793.01
716.98

600.85
829.06
621.43
794.51
789.70

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
,
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.8
45.1
42.8
42.7
44.4
40.9
42.6
40.9
43.0
42.7
43.5
42.4

42.6
45.0
42.8
43.8
42.1
40.3
41.2
40.3
42.4
42.0
42.6
43.7

43.0
46.1
42.0
41.8
41.5
39.7
42.0
39.3
43.0
45.3
42.8
42.4

14.41
15.72
12.65
15.69
18.91
15.57
12.24
13.25
15.35
14.60
14.23
13.67

14.67
16.05
13.00
14.78
18.65
17.10
12.01
14.23
15.65
15.12
14.71
14.46

14.75
16.25
13.05
15.75
18.77
17.26
12.10
14.14
15.81
15.21
15.01
14.43

616.75
708.97
541.42
669.96
839.60
636.81
521.42
541.93
660.05
623.42
619.01
579.61

624.94
722.25
556.40
647.36
785.17
689.13
494.81
573.47
663.56
635.04
626.65
631.90

634.25
749.13
548.10
658.35
778.96
685.22
508.20
555.70
679.83
689.01
642.43
611.83

Wyoming

39.7

39.6

39.7

15.23

15.17

15.26

604.63

600.73

605.82

Puerto Rico

41.2

40.3

40.8

8.66

9.19

356.79

370.36

374.95

Virgin Islands

39.9

0)

0)

18.42

734.96

(1)

(D

1 Not available.
p
= preliminary.




9.19
(D

0)

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

124

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Census region and division
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,147.6 26,178.3 26,245.8 26,241.0 26,255.0 26,292.8 26,291.6 26,324.1 26,319.7 26,323.9 26,326.2 26,304.4 26,318.8
24,988.5 25,043.3 25,118.7 25,123.9 25,153.8 25,175.4 25,125.3 25,174.8 25,179.1 25,176.5 25,198.1 25,194.3 25,243.8
1,159.2 1,135.0 1,127.1 1,117.1 1,101.3 1,117.4 1,166.3 1,149.3 1,140.6 1,147.4 1,128.1 1,110.1 1,075.1
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.2

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,149.3
6,919.5
229.7
3.2

7,159.3
6,930.2
229.1
3.2

7,162.0
6,942.3
219.8
3.1

7,162.9
6,948.5
214.3
3.0

7,185.1
6,967.9
217.2
3.0

7,191.5
6,954.9
236.5
3.3

7,178.8
6,944.6
234.2
3.3

7,183.8
6,957.6
226.2
3.1

7,174.4
6,959.8
214.6
3.0

7,180.2
6,968.6
211.6
2.9

7,199.2
6,970.9
228.4
3.2

7,206.8
6,980.1
226.8
3.1

7,211.7
6,989.3
222.4
3.1

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,998.4 19,019.0 19,083.8 19,078.1 19,070.0 19,101.3 19,112.7 19,140.3 19,145.3 19,143.8 19,127.0 19,097.6 19,107.2
18,068.9 18,113.1 18,176.4 18,175.4 18,185.9 18,220.5 18,180.7 18,217.2 18,219.3 18,207.9 18,227.2 18,214.3 18,254.5
932.1
907.4
902.7
884.1
880.8
926.0
935.9
899.8
883.3
852.7
923.1
905.9
929.4
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.5
4.8
4.8
4.9

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,458.9 48,631.6 48,639.5 48,606.0 48,714.8 48,775.0 48,723.9 48,750.6 48,820.9 48,928.9 49,016.8 49,033.1 49,047.4
46,409.3 46,608.6 46,609.5 46,582.0 46,685.5 46,737.5 46,801.4 46,848.7 46,873.4 46,960.1 47,030.0 47,081.6 47,103.9
2,049.6 2,023.0 2,030.0 2,024.1 2,029.3 2,037.5 1,922.5 1,901.9 1,947.6 1,968.7 1,986.8 1,951.5 1,943.5
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.0

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

25,072.6 25,170.3 25,178.7 25,144.2 25,236.3 25,267.9 25,228.9 25,247.0 25,293.9 25,354.4 25,390.1 25,417.7 25,411.7
24,111.5 24,223.7 24,215.0 24,180.7 24,273.5 24,303.5 24,326.2 24,346.9 24,353.0 24,413.5 24,451.6 24,468.1 24,499.6
902.7
963.7
940.9
946.5
963.5
961.1
912.1
900.1
949.6
938.5
962.8
964.5
940.8
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.8

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,181.9
7,831.2
350.7
4.3

8,207.9
7,853.8
354.1
4.3

8,195.7
7,850.5
345.2
4.2

8,220.5
7,853.3
367.2
4.5

8,210.1
7,852.2
357.9
4.4

8,212.6
7,856.2
356.5
4.3

8,197.3
7,867.8
329.5
4.0

8,220.6
7,896.5
324.1
3.9

8,217.5
7,879.4
338.1
4.1

8,228.1
7,883.7
344.4
4.2

8,231.8
7,888.7
343.1
4.2

8,213.9
7,880.5
333.4
4.1

8,237.7
7,881.2
356.5
4.3

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,204.5 15,253.4 15,265.0 15,241.3 15,268.4 15,294.4 15,297.7 15,282.9 15,309.6 15,346.3 15,394.9 15,401.4 15,398.0
14,466.6 14,531.1 14,543.9 14,548.0 14,559.7 14,577.9 14,607.4 14,605.3 14,640.9 14,662.9 14,689.7 14,732.9 14,723.2
721.1
722.4
716.6
668.6
677.7
693.3
708.6
737.8
683.5
705.2
674.8
690.3
668.5
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.3

See footnotes at end of table.




125

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Census region and division
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,524.7 33,585.8 33,609.3 33,576.6 33,610.4 33,598.8 33,662.4 33,748.8 33,668.0 33,647.9 33,668.0 33,679.6 33,707.9
32,342.5 32,426.9 32,443.4 32,456.6 32,457.5 32,392.3 32,423.9 32,534.5 32,473.2 32,475.0 32,534.1 32,538.2 32,576.2
1,182.2 1,159.0 1,165.9 1,119.9 1,152.9 1,206.5 1,238.5 1,214.3 1,194.9 1,172.8 1,133.9 1,141.4 1,131.7
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,210.4 23,267.8 23,294.3 23,276.9 23,301.5 23,280.8 23,321.5 23,374.5 23,326.8 23,305.0 23,334.2 23,365.3 23,380.1
22,323.7 22,385.9 22,401.4 22,433.3 22,432.0 22,378.3 22,394.5 22,478.1 22,438.0 22,431.2 22,464.5 22,493.6 22,521.1
927.1
896.4
869.5
902.5
843.6
859.0
871.7
869.7
873.8
888.9
892.9
886.7
881.9
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,314.3 10,318.0 10,315.0 10,299.7 10,308.9 10,318.0 10,340.9 10,374.3 10,341.2 10,342.9 10,333.7 10,314.3 10,327.8
10,018.8 10,041.0 10,042.0 10,023.3 10,025.5 10,014.0 10,029.4 10,056.4 10,035.2 10,043.8 10,069.6 10,044.6 10,055.1
311.4
283.4
272.7
269.7
299.0
306.0
317.9
304.0
276.4
277.1
264.2
273.0
295.5
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.6
2.9
2.6

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

31,055.4 31,134.3 31,155.3 31,250.0 31,272.7 31,268.2 31,316.3 31,385.1 31,348.2 31,329.8 31,400.4 31,455.6 31,582.5
29,423.7 29,537.4 29,575.6 29,634.9 29,676.5 29,727.5 29,752.5 29,838.3 29,830.8 29,846.5 29,927.1 30,024.7 30,143.5
1,631.7 1,596.8 1,579.8 1,615.1 1,596.2 1,540.7 1,563.7 1,546.8 1,517.4 1,483.4 1,473.3 1,430.9 1,439.0
4.7
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.3
5.1

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,862.0
8,502.0
360.0
4.1

8,903.9
8,553.9
350.0
3.9

8,911.9
8,568.8
343.2
3.9

8,931.0
8,576.9
354.1
4.0

8,963.0
8,596.2
366.9
4.1

8,972.3
8,595.2
377.0
4.2

8,960.6
8,587.0
373.6
4.2

8,982.9
8,614.8
368.1
4.1

8,985.0
8,615.1
369.9
4.1

8,980.5
8,620.9
359.6
4.0

8,987.2
8,625.2
362.0
4.0

9,003.6
8,651.4
352.2
3.9

9,015.3
8,666.4
349.0
3.9

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,193.4 22,230.4 22,243.4 22,319.0 22,309.7 22,295.9 22,355.6 22,402.2 22,363.2 22,349.4 22,413.2 22,452.0 22,567.2
20,921.7 20,983.5 21,006.8 21,058.0 21,080.4 21,132.2 21,165.5 21,223.5 21,215.7 21,225.6 21,301.9 21,373.4 21,477.2
1,271.7 1,246.8 1,236.6 1,261.0 1,229.3 1,163.7 1,190.2 1,178.7 1,147.5 1,123.8 1,111.3 1,078.6 1,090.0
4.8
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




126

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

2,173.3
2,073.2
100.1
4.6

2,174.0
2,071.9
102.1
4.7

2,164.4
2,067.8
96.6
4.5

2,170.3
2,082.6
87.6
4.0

2,171.6
2,074.9
96.7
4.5

2,172.6
2,071.6
101.1
4.7

2,164.6
2,070.1
94.5
4.4

2,166.2
2,071.0
95.2
4.4

2,176.1
2,070.6
105.4
4.8

318.1
298.0
20.1
6.3

315.8
297.3
18.5
5.9

317.7
296.8
20.9
6.6

317.5
297.7
19.7
6.2

316.7
297.6
19.1
6.0

317.2
297.9
19.3
6.1

316.9
299.3
17.7
5.6

317.0
298.9
18.1
5.7

317.6
299.0
18.6
5.9

317.5
299.3
18.1
5.7

2,378.2
2,283.9
94.3
4.0

2,383.3
2,283.5
99.8
4.2

2,401.0
2,295.9
105.1
4.4

2,397.2
2,285.9
111.3
4.6

2,397.0
2,293.6
103.5
4.3

2,406.1
2,299.2
106.9
4.4

2,421.9
2,313.4
108.6
4.5

2,418.8
2,320.9
97.9
4.0

2,411.5
2,315.4
96.1
4.0

2,419.3
2,322.1
97.2
4.0

2,430.4
2,331.6
98.8
4.1

1,255.7
1,191.2
64.5
5.1

1,252.7
1,193.5
59.3
4.7

1,248.1
1,193.3
54.8
4.4

1,248.6
1,194.2
54.3
4.4

1,251.0
1,195.8
55.2
4.4

1,258.5
1,198.4
60.1
4.8

1,258.0
1,199.4
58.5
4.7

1,256.5
1,196.5
59.9
4.8

1,252.8
1,199.2
53.6
4.3

1,253.2
1,200.0
53.2
4.2

1,255.2
1,200.8
54.4
4.3

1,254.0
1,199.7
54.3
4.3

16,421.3
15,452.9
968.4
5.9

16,456.9
15,509.3
947.6
5.8

16,447.4
15,521.8
925.5
5.6

16,532.8
15,569.0
963.8
5.8

16,546.1
15,601.9
944.2
5.7

16,523.7
15,648.1
875.6
5.3

16,592.5
15,700.6
891.9
5.4

16,605.3
15,723.5
881.7
5.3

16,591.5
15,742.0
849.5
5.1

16,592.4
15,775.1
817.3
4.9

16,653.7
15,838.8
814.9
4.9

16,674.3
15,861.1
813.2
4.9

16,774.5
15,950.7
823.8
4.9

2,261.1
2,183.7
77.4
3.4

2,272.0
2,201.8
70.1
3.1

2,257.1
2,197.3
59.8
2.7

2,265.5
2,204.7
60.8
2.7

2,275.3
2,207.4
68.0
3.0

2,279.5
2,212.5
67.0
2.9

2,270.0
2,199.8
70.2
3.1

2,286.9
2,217.9
69.0
3.0

2,277.1
2,212.2
64.8
2.8

2,276.9
2,212.5
64.4
2.8

2,275.8
2,208.6
67.3
3.0

2,289.2
2,224.2
65.0
2.8

2,292.1
2,224.3
67.8
3.0

1,722.0
1,666.9
55.1
3.2

1,729.5
1,677.4
52.2
3.0

1,722.8
1,669.6
53.3
3.1

1,718.6
1,664.4
54.2
3.2

1,732.6
1,674.5
58.1
3.4

1,731.2
1,672.6
58.6
3.4

1,719.2
1,660.6
58.5
3.4

1,706.5
1,661.7
44.8
2.6

1,705.8
1,670.1
35.7
2.1

1,718.0
1,671.9
46.1
2.7

1,719.4
1,668.3
51.2
3.0

1,719.6
1,669.0
50.7
2.9

1,719.3
1,673.0
46.3
2.7

398.8
386.1
12.7
3.2

400.4
387.9
12.5
3.1

397.5
385.1
12.4
3.1

399.2
386.6
12.6
3.2

398.1
384.9
13.2
3.3

397.8
383.5
14.3
3.6

396.8
382.1
14.7
3.7

398.2
384.9
13.3
3.3

396.9
385.9
11.1
2.8

395.8
384.7
11.1
2.8

396.4
383.7
12.7
3.2

397.4
384.4
13.0
3.3

397.3
383.5
13.8
3.5

264.2
243.6
20.6
7.8

266.0
245.7
20.3
7.6

270.2
250.1
20.1
7.4

268.3
249.1
19.2
7.2

269.1
250.6
18.5
6.9

271.6
254.0
17.6
6.5

273.3
256.7
16.6
6.1

271.5
255.2
16.3
6.0

277.0
260.2
16.8
6.1

274.9
257.4
17.6
6.4

275.3
259.1
16.3
5.9

277.2
260.7
16.4
5.9

277.2
260.3
16.8
6.1

7,386.5
7,075.5
310.9
4.2

7,424.5
7,107.9
316.6
4.3

7,433.4
7,115.4
318.0
4.3

7,414.2
7,105.6
308.6
4.2

7,455.1
7,138.0
317.1
4.3

7,462.7
7,153.2
309.5
4.1

7,470.5
7,181.3
289.2
3.9

7,468.5
7,182.4
286.1
3.8

7,481.7
7,185.6
296.1
4.0

7,495.5
7,203.0
292.4
3.9

7,513.9
7,215.9
298.0
4.0

7,526.9
7,222.2
304.7
4.0

7,508.6
7,224.5
284.1
3.8

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,158.7
2,071.5
87.3
4.0

2,162.3
2,077.0
85.3
3.9

2,161.7
2,076.4
85.3
3.9

2,176.1
2,079.8
96.3
4.4

315.7
298.0
17.7
5.6

316.6
297.9
18.7
5.9

318.6
298.2
20.5
6.4

2,341.6
2,249.5
92.2
3.9

2,362.1
2,269.3
92.9
3.9

1,255.0
1,189.6
65.4
5.2

Apr.

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force .. .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.. .

Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4,026.0
3,869.7
156.3
3.9

4,040.1
3,881.8
158.2
3.9

4,038.7
3,873.7
165.0
4.1

4,041.2
3,870.9
170.3
4.2

602.5
565.7
36.9
6.1

600.4
563.7
36.7
6.1

597.6
562.0
35.6
6.0

665.8
632.9
32.9
4.9

662.2
632.2
30.0
4.5

6,248.0
5,983.3
264.7
4.2

May

June

4,063.5
3,903.2
160.3
3.9

4,068.3
3,916.0
152.3
3.7

4,064.0
3,917.1
147.0
3.6

598.9
563.3
35.6
5.9

598.0
565.0
33.0
5.5

601.0
568.2
32.8
5.5

662.0
631.4
30.6
4.6

662.5
631.3
31.2
4.7

659.3
628.2
31.1
4.7

6,283.6
6,030.6
253.0
4.0

6,284.4
6,031.2
253.2
4.0

6,296.4
6,058.1
238.3
3.8

3,127.3
3,034.1
93.2
3.0

3,124.8
3,028.7
96.1
3.1

3,138.4
3,048.4
90.0
2.9

1,580.8
1,538.9
41.9
2.7

1,589.6
1,543.4
46.2
2.9

1,436.4
1,384.6
51.8
3.6

Aug.

Sept.

4,059.6
3,910.7
148.9
3.7

4,080.1
3,921.4
158.7
3.9

4,110.9
3,947.6
163.4
4.0

597.2
563.9
33.3
5.6

596.7
564.7
32.0
5.4

598.0
566.4
31.6
5.3

658.2
626.2
32.0
4.9

656.3
621.4
34.9
5.3

659.9
626.6
33.3
5.0

6,312.0
6,065.1
246.9
3.9

6,319.8
6,043.0
276.8
4.4

6,347.6
6,057.5
290.2
4.6

3,130.7
3,048.8
81.8
2.6

3,109.9
3,031.5
78.5
2.5

3,101.9
3,009.6
92.3
3.0

1,585.2
1,543.4
41.9
2.6

1,579.0
1,536.8
42.2
2.7

1,588.4
1,546.0
42.4
2.7

1,444.8
1,395.4
49.4
3.4

1,446.3
1,398.5
47.9
3.3

1,446.8
1,396.6
50.1
3.5

1,936.1
1,855.9
80.2
4.1

1,941.0
1,859.3
81.7
4.2

1,942.5
1,860.1
82.4
4.2

2,061.3
1,952.4
108.9
5.3

2,068.3
1,960.5
107.8
5.2

664.7
639.5
25.2
3.8

660.5
637.7
22.8
3.5

Nov.

Dec.P

4,101.2
3,954.9
146.3
3.6

4,114.8
3,963.7
151.0
3.7

4,122.8
3,978.4
144.5
3.5

602.2
569.6
32.6
5.4

602.3
570.1
32.2
5.3

599.3
567.0
32.3
5.4

600.9
570.5
30.4
5.1

658.7
626.6
32.1
4.9

659.2
627.2
32.0
4.9

661.3
627.8
33.6
5.1

657.6
627.1
30.5
4.6

657.9
629.1
28.8
4.4

6,388.7
6,095.3
293.5
4.6

6,359.1
6,061.1
298.1
4.7

6,374.3
6,094.3
280.0
4.4

6,359.8
6,088.9
270.9
4.3

6,377.4
6,108.8
268.6
4.2

6,379.6
6,115.6
264.0
4.1

3,103.1
3,007.4
95.7
3.1

3,081.1
3,008.0
73.1
2.4

3,095.4
3,013.0
82.4
2.7

3,073.7
2,983.8
89.8
2.9

3,097.3
3,013.9
83.4
2.7

3,100.0
3,008.6
91.5
3.0

3,099.3
3,008.7
90.6
2.9

1,584.0
1,542.4
41.6
2.6

1,592.1
1,550.1
42.0
2.6

1,597.3
1,554.6
42.8
2.7

1,597.0
1,553.2
43.8
2.7

1,583.7
1,545.9
37.8
2.4

1,583.6
1,548.2
35.4
2.2

1,573.7
1,540.0
33.7
2.1

1,589.2
1,554.6
34.6
2.2

1,446.1
1,397.4
48.7
3.4

1,447.6
1,398.3
49.2
3.4

1,447.5
1,400.1
47.3
3.3

1,449.7
1,401.1
48.6
3.4

1,450.8
1,401.4
49.5
3.4

1,450.1
1,401.3
48.8
3.4

1,452.6
1,405.8
46.9
3.2

1,450.5
1,401.9
48.6
3.3

1,452.1
1,403.2
48.9
3.4

1,944.9
1,860.4
84.5
4.3

1,945.6
1,862.9
82.7
4.3

1,952.5
1,866.5
86.0
4.4

1,958.1
1,870.7
87.4
4.5

1,955.0
1,874.8
80.2
4.1

1,956.2
1,871.5
84.7
4.3

1,964.6
1,880.2
84.3
4.3

1,963.8
1,884.1
79.8
4.1

1,952.0
1,876.0
75.9
3.9

1,951.4
1,875.3
76.1
3.9

2,065.9
1,950.4
115.5
5.6

2,051.7
1,947.0
104.6
5.1

2,056.6
1,951.8
104.8
5.1

2,033.3
1,943.6
89.7
4.4

2,042.2
1,955.9
86.3
4.2

2,054.5
1,957.4
97.1
4.7

2,068.3
1,969.3
99.0
4.8

2,081.6
1,972.6
108.9
5.2

2,087.8
1,971.7
116.1
5.6

2,085.5
1,983.6
102.0
4.9

2,065.1
1,978.8
86.3
4.2

663.8
641.8
22.0
3.3

662.8
640.2
22.6
3.4

663.0
639.4
23.6
3.6

668.1
639.4
28.7
4.3

668.5
639.1
29.4
4.4

670.0
642.2
27.8
4.2

669.5
641.5
28.0
4.2

676.3
650.1
26.2
3.9

679.8
653.5
26.3
3.9

682.7
659.1
23.6
3.5

683.8
658.9
24.9
3.6

Apr.

July

Oct.

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
iowa
Civilian labor force.
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,806.7
2,696.7
109.9
3.9

2,805.9
2,705.0
100.9
3.6

2,813.2
2,706.9
106.3
3.8

2,808.7
2,704.8
103.9
3.7

2,812.9
2,704.3
108.6
3.9

2,811.8
2,704.5
107.3
3.8

2,802.3
2,700.2
102.1
3.6

2,815.3
2,706.4
108.9
3.9

2,813.4
2,710.1
103.3
3.7

2,810.4
2,716.6
93.7
3.3

2,824.0
2,726.3
97.7
3.5

2,815.2
2,723.5
91.7
3.3

2,819.1
2,727.5
91.6
3.2

3,259.5
3,159.2
100.4
3.1

3,264.6
3,161.7
102.9
3.2

3,265.2
3,170.8
94.5
2.9

3,264.7
3,172.8
91.8
2.8

3,272.8
3,178.3
94.5
2.9

3,278.6
3,174.6
104.0
3.2

3,277.1
3,178.1
99.0
3.0

3,286.7
3,181.1
105.5
3.2

3,280.5
3,177.3
103.2
3.1

3,274.3
3,178.9
95.4
2.9

3,288.4
3,182.8
105.6
3.2

3,286.1
3,180.0
106.1
3.2

3,288.5
3,182.4
106.1
3.2

5,057.8
4,864.5
193.2
3.8

5,059.6
4,869.4
190.2
3.8

5,066.2
4,862.3
203.9
4.0

5,071.7
4,870.9
200.8
4.0

5,076.6
4,875.6
201.0
4.0

5,070.5
4,874.0
196.5
3.9

5,085.0
4,890.5
194.5
3.8

5,092.0
4,916.7
175.3
3.4

5,073.3
4,908.4
164.9
3.2

5,077.3
4,903.8
173.5
3.4

5,096.3
4,906.4
190.0
3.7

5,116.5
4,923.0
193.5
3.8

5,115.7
4,933.2
182.5
3.6

2,715.6
2,650.7
64.9
2.4

2,716.3
2,650.7
65.6
2.4

2,711.6
2,647.8
63.9
2.4

2,705.8
2,645.7
60.1
2.2

2,704.1
2,647.4
56.6
2.1

2,718.5
2,649.4
69.0
2.5

2,722.2
2,651.3
70.9
2.6

2,740.6
2,659.5
81.0
3.0

2,737.9
2,665.2
72.7
2.7

2,738.0
2,668.5
69.4
2.5

2,732.9
2,671.8
61.1
2.2

2,732.0
2,665.1
66.9
2.4

2,731.0
2,666.6
64.4
2.4

1,287.4
1,219.9
67.5
5.2

1,290.9
1,223.3
67.6
5.2

1,276.5
1,221.8
54.7
4.3

1,289.1
1,223.1
66.0
5.1

1,276.0
1,216.9
59.0
4.6

1,273.2
1,212.2
61.0
4.8

1,273.6
1,215.9
57.7
4.5

1,281.7
1,221.4
60.3
4.7

1,275.3
1,220.3
55.1
4.3

1,284.6
1,222.4
62.2
4.8

1,287.5
1,220.5
67.0
5.2

1,283.7
1,225.3
58.4
4.6

1,294.6
1,226.2
68.4
5.3

2,900.1
2,806.1
94.1
3.2

2,885.6
2,811.5
74.1
2.6

2,892.4
2,815.0
77.4
2.7

2,891.8
2,809.1
82.7
2.9

2,896.6
2,802.7
93.8
3.2

2,895.8
2,795.3
100.5
3.5

2,909.2
2,799.4
109.8
3.8

2,911.8
2,808.7
103.1
3.5

2,887.2
2,791.0
96.1
3.3

2,899.0
2,799.1
99.8
3.4

2,892.3
2,815.5
76.9
2.7

2,883.5
2,807.0
76.5
2.7

2,881.6
2,800.7
80.9
2.8

472.8
447.1
25.7
5.4

476.2
451.4
24.8
5.2

475.3
449.5
25.7
5.4

472.9
447.2
25.7
5.4

474.8
449.0
25.8
5.4

476.0
451.7
24.3
5.1

472.5
449.3
23.2
4.9

475.3
452.8
22.6
4.7

474.1
449.4
24.7
5.2

473.8
449.2
24.6
5.2

476.6
453.2
23.5
4.9

478.6
455.6
22.9
4.8

478.4
455.0
23.4
4.9

936.9
913.4
23.5
2.5

935.2
912.9
22.4
2.4

932.4
910.3
22.2
2.4

930.8
909.5
21.3
2.3

931.1
908.0
23.1
2.5

929.8
905.6
24.3
2.6

929.6
906.3
23.3
2.5

933.4
911.0
22.4
2.4

930.1
906.4
23.7
2.5

932.6
909.3
23.4
2.5

930.0
906.7
23.3
2.5

931.5
907.4
24.1
2.6

932.4
907.4
25.0
2.7

933.5
903.0
30.5
3.3

937.9
906.5
31.4
3.3

940.8
908.3
32.4
3.4

942.0
906.3
35.8
3.8

949.4
910.2
39.2
4.1

956.3
914.6
41.7
4.4

957.3
917.1
40.2
4.2

955.5
918.9
36.6
3.8

959.3
919.1
40.3
4.2

956.8
917.1
39.8
4.2

962.8
920.4
42.4
4.4

961.3
918.3
43.0
4.5

963.3
924.6
38.5
4.0

666.5
648.0
18.5
2.8

669.6
651.2
18.3
2.7

673.7
653.8
19.9
3.0

674.3
654.3
20.0
3.0

672.8
656.5
16.4
2.4

671.6
654.7
16.9
2.5

671.3
654.1
17.2
2.6

671.3
654.7
16.6
2.5

669.6
654.0
15.7
2.3

667.3
653.1
14.2
2.1

671.3
654.6
16.8
2.5

673.1
655.3
17.8
2.7

672.5
656.0
16.5
2.5

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
.
Unemployment rate

. .

See footnotes at end of table.




129

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4,193.7
4,009.1
184.6
4.4

4,216.3
4,031.9
184.5
4.4

4,219.1
4,047.3
171.9
4.1

4,217.2
4,027.7
189.5
4.5

839.4
785.4
53.9
6.4

838.6
786.6
52.0
6.2

839.7
786.4
53.3
6.3

8,874.4
8,391.8
482.6
5.4

8,857.0
8,394.7
462.3
5.2

3,833.8
3,713.9
119.9
3.1

May

June

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

4,232.8
4,042.6
190.2
4.5

4,244.8
4,046.3
198.5
4.7

4,239.2
4,031.8
207.4
4.9

4,234.2
4,039.0
195.1
4.6

4,237.4
4,047.4
190.0
4.5

4,246.2
4,060.4
185.8
4.4

4,248.1
4,072.4
175.6
4.1

837.9
785.9
52.1
6.2

837.0
784.5
52.5
6.3

835.2
783.8
51.4
6.2

831.0
780.3
50.7
6.1

831.8
781.1
50.7
6.1

832.2
782.4
49.8
6.0

832.8
782.9
49.9
6.0

832.1
784.0
48.1
5.8

8,878.1
8,403.6
474.6
5.3

8,860.8
8,413.5
447.2
5.0

8,848.9
8,404.3
444.6
5.0

8,910.2
8,448.4
461.8
5.2

8,903.6
8,447.7
455.9
5.1

8,937.0
8,462.6
474.4
5.3

8,929.9
8,468.8
461.0
5.2

8,898.6
8,455.1
443.5
5.0

8,895.9
8,466.0
429.9
4.8

3,858.3
3,740.3
118.0
3.1

3,846.4
3,727.4
119.0
3.1

3,850.0
3,728.3
121.7
3.2

3,826.0
3,724.1
101.9
2.7

3,845.9
3,732.0
113.9
3.0

3,856.1
3,729.6
126.5
3.3

3,862.5
3,741.8
120.8
3.1

3,875.0
3,748.8
126.2
3.3

3,878.0
3,752.7
125.3
3.2

3,878.6
3,755.3
123.3
3.2

345.1
336.0
9.1
2.6

346.5
337.3
9.2
2.6

345.9
336.3
9.7
2.8

343.4
334.0
9.4
2.7

341.6
333.0
8.6
2.5

341.1
331.3
9.8
2.9

338.5
329.3
9.3
2.7

340.4
330.8
9.6
2.8

341.7
332.0
9.7
2.8

341.8
332.1
9.7
2.8

340.3
331.1
9.2
2.7

5,791.1
5,561.7
229.4
4.0

5,802.5
5,565.8
236.7
4.1

5,834.4
5,583.4
251.1
4.3

5,814.9
5,578.3
236.6
4.1

5,832.4
5,570.3
262.1
4.5

5,848.6
5,582.2
266.4
4.6

5,836.8
5,580.7
256.2
4.4

5,831.2
5,576.4
254.8
4.4

5,816.7
5,573.6
243.1
4.2

5,806.9
5,575.3
231.6
4.0

5,817.2
5,584.1
233.1
4.0

1,647.9
1,574.7
73.2
4.4

1,648.0
1,577.5
70.5
4.3

1,645.7
1,577.0
68.7
4.2

1,646.7
1,587.7
59.0
3.6

1,662.2
1,603.1
59.1
3.6

1,661.6
1,604.1
57.5
3.5

1,658.6
1,602.3
56.3
3.4

1,663.1
1,609.4
53.6
3.2

1,665.9
1,614.1
51.8
3.1

1,673.0
1,619.2
53.8
3.2

1,674.5
1,619.2
55.3
3.3

1,790.4
1,687.7
102.7
5.7

1,786.7
1,686.9
99.8
5.6

1,766.5
1,672.8
93.7
5.3

1,764.5
1,674.3
90.2
5.1

1,753.7
1,657.5
96.2
5.5

1,763.0
1,665.8
97.2
5.5

1,744.9
1,645.0
99.9
5.7

1,729.2
1,629.2
100.0
5.8

1,744.0
1,647.6
96.4
5.5

1,782.6
1,691.5
91.1
5.1

1,804.4
1,714.1
90.2
5.0

5,945.7
5,686.5
259.2
4.4

5,986.5
5,725.6
260.9
4.4

6,000.2
5,734.2
266.0
4.4

5,988.3
5,739.0
249.3
4.2

5,991.4
5,763.0
228.4
3.8

5,989.0
5,729.4
259.6
4.3

5,979.2
5.723.9
255.2
4.3

5,986.4
5,717.9
268.6
4.5

5,972.6
5,706.3
266.3
4.5

5,959.7
5,710.9
248.8
4.2

5,952.8
5,698.7
254.1
4.3

5,963.2
5,716.0
247.2
4.1

499.0
476.6
22.4
4.5

497.7
478.3
19.4
3.9

502.8
487.7
15.1
3.0

505.3
489.5
15.8
3.1

503.2
484.4
18.8
3.7

503.9
484.0
19.9
4.0

509.4
488.6
20.8
4.1

509.1
487.0
22.2
4.4

505.4
485.9
19.6
3.9

502.5
483.9
18.6
3.7

508.2
488.6
19.6
3.9

509.2
489.6
19.5
3.8

Aug.

Sept.

4,250.9
4,044.9
206.0
4.8

4,255.2
4,053.7
201.5
4.7

838.4
786.6
51.8
6.2

832.1
782.1
50.0
6.0

8,865.1
8,411.2
453.9
5.1

8,884.5
8,419.5
465.0
5.2

3,856.7
3,746.9
109.9
2.8

3,853.3
3,734.7
118.6
3.1

344.9
334.8
10.0
2.9

343.3
334.2
9.0
2.6

5,820.1
5,574.6
245.5
4.2

5,802.1
5,575.5
226.7
3.9

1,644.9
1,580.5
64.3
3.9

1,646.9
1,579.2
67.8
4.1

1,775.7
1,677.5
98.2
5.5

1,775.3
1,676.0
99.3
5.6

5,930.2
5,668.0
262.2
4.4

500.7
480.1
20.6
4.1

Apr.

July

New Jersey
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
.
Unemployment rate

...

See footnotes at end of table.




130

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998

State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.P

2,000.3
1,916.8
83.5
4.2

1,996.3
1,918.3
78.0
3.9

1,980.2
1,913.6
66.6
3.4

1,982.6
1,908.7
73.8
3.7

1,988.4
1,904.7
83.7
4.2

1,982.1
1,895.3
86.8
4.4

1,982.2
1,888.8
93.4
4.7

1,986.3
1,898.9
87.3
4.4

399.4
389.8
9.7
2.4

398.9
388.9
10.0
2.5

398.7
389.2
9.5
2.4

400.4
390.1
10.3
2.6

399.8
388.8
10.9
2.7

399.1
388.8
10.3
2.6

400.6
389.7
10.9
2.7

401.4
391.1
10.3
2.6

401.2
391.5
9.7
2.4

2,810.4
2,690.0
120.4
4.3

2,815.2
2,699.2
116.0
4.1

2,812.9
2,705.6
107.3
3.8

2,801.1
2,713.3
87.9
3.1

2,813.7
2,717.7
96.0
3.4

2,814.3
2,712.7
101.6
3.6

2,806.4
2,709.5
96.8
3.5

2,815.8
2,714.1
101.8
3.6

2,812.0
2,708.2
103.9
3.7

2.815.6
2.709.0
106.6
3.8

10,299.4
9,820.8
478.6
4.6

10,293.6
9,830.2
463.4
4.5

10,317.6
9,836.7
480.8
4.7

10,363.4
9,850.8
512.7
4.9

10,334.9
9,850.0
484.8
4.7

10,308.8
9,844.3
464.5
4.5

10,326.2
9,872.8
453.4
4.4

10,348.9
9,881.6
467.3
4.5

10,388.0
9,903.9
484.1
4.7

10,387.7
9,929.4
458.3
4.4

10,404.4
9,925.5
478.9
4.6

1,094.5
1,057.7
36.7
3.4

1,098.5
1,063.4
35.0
3.2

1,106.3
1,068.9
37.4
3.4

1,105.3
1,071.8
33.5
3.0

1,107.6
1.071.2
36.5
3.3

1,107.1
1,069.9
37.1
3.4

1,105.4
1,067.5
37.9
3.4

1,101.7
1,064.6
37.1
3.4

1,101.0
1,062.9
38.1
3.5

1,104.8
1,067.3
37.5
3.4

1,102.0
1,069.7
32.3
2.9

1,097.6
1,065.7
32.0
2.9

335.8
325.8
10.0
3.0

336.1
325.6
10.5
3.1

338.7
328.0
10.7
3.2

339.7
329.1
10.6
3.1

338.5
329.7
8.8
2.6

338.7
329.2
9.5
2.8

338.8
328.6
10.2
3.0

340.0
329.2
10.7
3.2

339.9
329.9
10.0
2.9

338.8
328.8
10.0
3.0

337.7
327.8
9.9
2.9

337.1
328.2
8.9
2.7

338.4
329.4
9.1
2.7

3,585.9
3.480.2
105.6
2.9

3,589.3
3,494.6
94.7
2.6

3,587.5
3.493.6
93.9
2.6

3,581.1
3,481.8
99.3
2.8

3,584.0
3,486.1
97.8
2.7

3,593.8
3.486.8
107.0
3.0

3,587.2
3,486.7
100.6
2.8

3,593.9
3,497.6
96.3
2.7

3,592.4
3,489.8
102.6
2.9

3,601.2
3,497.6
103.6
2.9

3,604.9
3,504.9
100.0
2.8

3,607.5
3,507.5
100.1
2.8

3,607.9
3,506.7
101.2
2.8

3,078.2
2,927.6
150.6
4.9

3,081.1
2,936.6
144.5
4.7

3,089.4
2,937.1
152.3
4.9

3,082.6
2,940.8
141.7
4.6

3,083.3
2,943.3
140.0
4.5

3,089.0
2,944.8
144.2
4.7

3,094.9
2,945.8
149.1
4.8

3,120.6
2,972.0
148.6
4.8

3,111.6
2,964.4
147.1
4.7

3,108.6
2,952.4
156.2
5.0

3,096.3
2,946.6
149.7
4.8

3,078.2
2,954.8
123.4
4.0

3,070.0
2,942.6
127.5
4.2

803.8
755.5
48.4
6.0

812.4
760.1
52.3
6.4

810.2
763.8
46.4
5.7

812.5
758.3
54.3
6.7

811.3
756.5
54.9
6.8

808.3
753.9
54.4
6.7

812.4
759.7
52.7
6.5

813.9
764.1
49.8
6.1

813.7
761.7
52.0
6.4

814.6
760.1
54.5
6.7

817.3
762.7
54.6
6.7

818.6
764.7
53.9
6.6

814.0
764.4
49.6
6.1

2,986.2
2,879.9
106.3
3.6

2,997.3
2.891.3
105.9
3.5

2,985.2
2.884.8
100.4
3.4

2,976.0
2,880.1
95.9
3.2

2.968.6
2,876.5
92.1
3.1

2,973.8
2,873.5
100.3
3.4

2,953.4
2,868.8
84.5
2.9

2,964.1
2,875.9
88.2
3.0

2,962.2
2,874.8
87.4
3.0

2,948.5
2,872.8
75.7
2.6

2,964.0
2,881.7
82.3
2.8

2,964.4
2,877.9
86.5
2.9

2,968.2
2,879.4
88.8
3.0

259.6
247.9
11.7
4.5

260.5
248.4
12.1
4.6

260.4
248.4
12.0
4.6

260.5
249.1
11.3
4.4

260.8
249.2
11.6
4.5

262.2
249.3
13.0
4.9

262.1
249.3
12.8
4.9

261.6
249.8
11.8
4.5

261.2
249.6
11.6
4.5

262.2
250.1
12.1
4.6

262.1
250.1
12.0
4.6

262.9
251.5
11.5
4.4

263.4
251.8
11.6
4.4

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1,966.9
1,890.2
76.7
3.9

1,973.4
1,900.3
73.1
3.7

1,981.7
1,899.0
82.7
4.2

1,969.0
1,895.2
73.8
3.7

1,985.5
1,903.0
82.5
4.2

399.5
389.3
10.2
2.6

400.0
389.7
10.3
2.6

401.1
390.9
10.1
2.5

400.6
390.8
9.9
2.5

2.799.6
2,683.9
115.7
4.1

2,813.6
2,694.2
119.4
4.2

2,815.1
2,692.2
122.8
4.4

10,240.3
9,749.9
490.3
4.8

10,284.5
9,798.8
485.6
4.7

1,088.1
1.052.5
35.6
3.3

May

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
UnemDloved
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
November

November

December

1998

1999

1998

1999P

88.5
2.6
12.4
3.2
2.4
4.0
2.2
4.6
11.2
5.6
2.0

3.9
4.5
2.6
3.8
3.3
6.2
5.5
2.6
3.5
2.8
2.4

4.2
4.9
2.8
4.3
3.5
5.4
5.1
2.7
4.2
3.5
2.4

3.3
3.3
2.2
3.3
27
5.0
4.6
2.4
3.0
2.4
1.9

4.1
4.7
2.6
4.3
3.5
5.7
4.4
2.7
4.0
3.3
2.3

18.2
5.3

18.3
5.7

5.5
3.7

5.8
4.1

5.9
3.6

5.9
3.9

91.1
3.3
43.7
12.9
15.2

85.5
4.1
41.3
9.0
12.7

90.8
3.9
44.5
13.5
12.1

3.7
6.2
2.7
2.4
22.9

3.7
5.2
2.7
3.2
22.4

3.6
6.8
2.6
2.3
20.1

3.7
6.0
2.8
3.3
18.8

60.4
3.9
4.6
1.6
10.2
2.7

48.7
3.1
3.3
1.4
8.9
2.3

65.2
4.0
4.7
1.5
10.4
3.1

54.4
3.3
3.5
1.6
9.4
2.4

4.9
2.7
4.7
3.7
3.4
7.4

3.9
2.1
3.4
3.1
2.9
6.2

5.2
2.8
4.9
3.6
3.4
8.4

4.4
2.2
3.7
3.6
3.1
6.5

16,700.5
285.9
86.4
426.3
4,704.9
83.5
198.8
1,239.6
1,502.8
71.0
1,450.9
789.0
188.6
1,351.2
967.5
971.9
109.9
198.7
140.0
257.5
246.6
248.9
401.5
170.5
88.3
56.3

933.2
35.6
5.9
59.4
303.5
11.9
22.6
42.3
39.2
5.5
78.9
31.8
17.6
44.2
24.8
32.9
4.1
8.5
9.4
6.7
24.9
11.2
23.5
27.3
4.3
7.6

784.1
29.6
4.6
53.2
261.0
10.2
18.5
33.5
35.3
4.1
66.4
28.0
14.3
37.4
19.4
22.8
3.3
7.0
6.6
5.9
19.9
9.5
19.3
24.0
3.6
6.6

900.3
34.0
6.2
59.0
288.4
12.6
22.1
39.2
35.7
5.9
69.1
30.9
27.2
40.0
22.6
30.1
4.0
9.2
11.7
6.7
25.2
11.1
20.5
26.7
4.8
8.0

762.0
30.7
5.1
53.9
245.3
11.2
18.4
30.4
31.9
4.5
59.6
26.3
23.0
33.6
17.5
20.2
3.3
7.6
9.2
5.6
20.6
9.1
17.2
25.7
4.0
6.8

5.7
12.7
6.7
14.3
6.5
14.0
11.3
3.5
2.7
7.7
5.6
4.2
9.5
3.3
2.6
3.4
3.8
4.3
6.7
2.7
10.0
4.6
6.0
16.6
4.9
13.8

4.7
10.4
5.4
12.7
5.5
12.2
9.3
2.7
2.4
5.8
4.6
3.6
7.6
2.8
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
4.7
2.3
8.0
3.8
4.8
14.4
4.0
11.6

5.5
12.2
7.1
14.0
6.2
15.0
11.2
3.3
2.5
8.4
4.9
4.0
14.7
3.0
2.4
3.1
3.7
4.7
8.4
2.7
10.3
4.6
5.2
16.3
5.7
14.6

4.6
10.7
5.9
12.6
5.2
13.5
9.2
2.5
2.1
6.4
4.1
3.3
12.2
2.5
1.8
2.1
3.0
3.8
6.6
2.2
8.4
3.7
4.3
15.0
4.5
12.1

2,253.6
174.3
255.2
1,132.3
142.1
58.8
83.2
61.6

2,284.2
177.2
258.5
1,152.0
145.1
59.6
83.9
61.6

76.0
5.2
10,1
30.8
5.3
2.4
3.5
3.8

60.6
4.4
7.9
25.6
4.0
1.8
2.7
2.7

66.6
4.4
8.8
27.4
4.6
2.5
3.0
3.5

57.8
4.0
7.5
24.9
3.7
1.9
2.5
2.7

3.3
2.9
3.9
2.7
3.7
4.1
4.0
6.1

2.6
2.4
3.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.1
4.4

3.0
2.5
3.4
2.4
3.2
4.2
3.6
5.7

2.5
2.3
2.9
2.2
2.5
3.3
3.0
4.4

1,716.2
217.8
110.4
584.3
274.4
154.3
193.3
115.2

1,706.7
219.6
110.9
579.4
271.3
150.9
192.7
115.4

1,704.1
217.4
110.4
579.4
271.0
152.7
192.7
114.7

50.1
7.9
2.2
17.1
8.1
4.9
4.1
3.9

45.6
7.0
1.9
16.2
7.3
4.4
3.7
3.5

47.7
7.5
2.1
16.6
7.6
4.5
3.8
3.9

39.5
6.0
1.6
14.4
6.2
3.9
3.1
3.0

2.9
3.6
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.1
3.4

2.7
3.2
1.8
2.8
2.7
2.8
1.9
3.0

2.8
3.4
1.9
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.0
3.4

2.3
2.8
1.5
2.5
2.3
2.5
1.6
2.6

400.0
70.4
299.7

399.3
69.9
300.3

398.7
70.0
299.6

12.1
2.1
8.8

11.7
2.1
8.4

10.7
1.9
7.9

11.7
2.1
8.3

3.0
3.0
2.9

2.9
3.0
2.8

2.7
2.7
2.6

2.9
2.9
2.8

1998

1999

1998

1999P

2,170.0
55.3
479.4
72.8
66.2
69.4
50.8
172.8
274.4
165.0
85.1

2,180.1
55.6
480.6
74.2
67.6
69.3
50.1
173.2
279.9
170.6
86.7

2,161.5
55.0
478.6
72.8
66.4
69.1
50.4
172.5
273.4
164.5
85 2

2,176.9
55.5
479.9
74.3
67 7
70.1
49.9
172.6
279.8
170.7
86 7

85.0
2.5
12.6
2.7
2.2
4.3
2.8
4.5
9.7
4.6
2.0

90.9
2.7
13.5
3.2
2.4
3.7
2.5
4.7
11.7
5.9
2.1

71.8
1.8
10.4
2.4
1.8
3.4
2.3
4.2
8.1
3.9
1.6

313.7
143.8

314.5
144.5

310.5
144.5

311 9
145.3

17.4
5.4

18.2
5.9

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,340.0
60.6
1,560.1
383.6
65.1

2,434.1
63.1
1,609.2
410.0
68.2

2,347.2
59.6
1,569.5
385.0
63.1

2,436.5
64.6
1,614.6
4101
64.5

87.5
3.8
41.6
9.2
14.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith . . . .
.
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,241.8
143.3
97.3
42.5
302.2
36.6

1,255.6
150.2
97.2
43.2
306.2
37.1

1,247.5
143.8
97.3
42.6
303.6
37.3

1,248.7
148.8
96.6
43.1
304.7
37.0

16,446.2
California
280.7
Bakersfield
...
.
..
87.6
Chico-Paradise
415.3
Fresno
4,692.3
Los Angeles-Long Beach
85.2
Merced
199.9
Modesto
1,204.9
Oakland
Orange County . . . .
. . . 1,449.2
71.6
Redding
1,401.7
Riverside-San Bernardino ..
763.4
Sacramento
184.9
Salinas
1,333.7
San Diego
954.7
San Francisco
963.9
San Jose
109.5
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
196.4
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
140.6
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
249.5
Santa Rosa
..
. . .
.
248 6
Stockton-Lodi
245.1
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
391.5
Ventura
164 6
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
87.9
Yolo
54.8
Yuba City

16,680.9
284.3
86.6
420.2
4,709.3
84.1
199.3
1,239.1
1,495.1
71.3
1,446.6
786.0
189.8
1,354.6
962.2
969.5
110.8
198.9
140.0
256.6
247.9
250.1
399.1
166.7
89.6
56.3

16,350.0
279.9
87.1
422.1
4,627.6
84.0
197.6
1,198.8
1,448.9
70.7
1,397.7
763.2
185.0
1,327.1
956.0
961.9
108.8
195.3
139.2
250.5
245.3
243.7
391.6
163.6
85.5
55.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
.
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,275.1
176.6
259.1
1,143.8
144.4
59.2
85.9
62.3

2,299.5
180.2
261.9
1,158.0
146.7
59.4
85.4
61.6

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich .
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,715.0
219.5
110.5
582.6
274.2
152.2
193.7
115.4
399.9
70.3
298.5

Alaska
Anchorage

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

. . .

See footnotes at end of table.




1999P

December

1998

1999

1998
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden .
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

November

December

132

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor rorce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
November

November

December

December
1998

1999P

December

1998

1999

1998

1999P

15.1
57.0

8.0
2.8

5.7
2.4

7.2
2.5

5.5
2.2

282.2
6.4
31.7
4.5
8.8
2.6
2.2
14.6
8.1
8.6
64.0
2.9
3.6
22.7
5.1
6.1
1.4
5.5
3.9
32.1
24.3

256.2
5.4
28.6
4.3
7.9
2.8
2.1
15.4
7.7
1A
51.7
2.9
3.4
22.1
5.2
6.2
1.2
5.1
3.4
32.6
21.2

4.2
3.3
4.5
2.8
8.5
3.2
2.2
2.9
5.0
4.6
6.6
3.9
4.0
2.9
8.0
3.7
3.3
2.3
3.0
2.9
5.3

4.0
3.2
4.2
2.8
8.3
3.7
2.2
3.3
4.9
4.1
5.9
3.8
3.8
2.9
7.4
4.1
3.4
2.3
2.7
2.9
4.8

3.8
3.3
4.1
2.5
7.2
3.3
2.1
2.7
4.1
4.1
6.1
3.0
3.7
2.6
7.9
3.5
3.0
2.1
2.6
2.7
4.6

3.4
2.8
3.7
2.4
6.5
3.4
1.9
2.8
3.8
3.5
5.0
2.8
3.4
2.5
7.8
3.5
2.7
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.9

142.0
3.1
1.5
60.3
9.6
5.8
5.9
4.5

145.0
4.1
1.6
59.7
8.8
5.1
6.7
5.7

132.8
3.1
1.5
55.9
8.7
5.6
5.3
4.1

3.8
7.9
2.4
3.0
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.7

3.4
5.8
2.1
2.8
4.8
4.7
4.0
3.5

3.6
7.4
2.3
2.8
4.4
4.1
4.5
4.3

3.2
5.7
2.0
2.6
4.4
4.5
3.7
3.2

35.6
22.7

31.3
20.2

32.4
20.2

26.3
16.7

5.9
5.2

5.2
4.7

5.4
4.6

4.4
3.9

655.2
229.3
40.7

29.5
7.6
1.9

28.1
7.6
1.9

34.2
8.3
2.0

30.2
7.4
1.9

4.4
3.3
4.5

4.3
3.3
4.5

5.2
3.6
4.8

4.6
3.2
4.7

6,254.9
86.9
94.6
4,203.8
185.6
57.2
52.4
183.6
194.1
106.6

6,379.7
88.7
96.9
4,309.3
187.3
58.4
53.3
186.9
197.9
107.6

256.0
1.6
2.2
166.6
6.0
2.8
2.9
6.2
7.9
3.8

250.3
1.9
2.0
162.0
6.5
2.7
2.4
7.8
8.0
3.5

257.6
1.6
2.3
166.5
6.5
2.6
2.9
6.0
9.1
3.8

258.0
2.2
2.2
165.7
6.9
2.8
2.6
7.2
8.9
3.7

4.1
1.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
5.5
3.3
4.1
3.5

3.9
2.1
2.1
3.8
3.5
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.0
3.3

4.1
1.9
2.4
4.0
3.5
4.5
5.5
3.3
4.7
3.5

4.0
2.4
2.2
3.8
3.7
4.8
4.8
3.8
4.5
3.4

3,104.9
62.0
96.2
161.0
265.5
299.6
841.4
51.6
93.0
63.7
136.3
69.0

3,111.5
62.1
95.7
159.3
267.2
308.3
842.2
51.5
91.5
63.0
138.0
70.2

3,087.8
61.6
95.6
159.2
263.3
299.5
837.1
51.8
91.9
63.6
135.1
68.6

88.0
1.4
2.1
5.0
6.7
11.4
19.8
1.5
1.8
2.1
3.4
2.8

85.8
1.1
2.2
4.5
6.7
10.7
19.5
1.1
1.7
1.7
4.2
2.8

90.7
1.4
2.1
5.0
7.3
11.9
20.1
1.2
1.9
2.3
3.7
2.9

88.9
1.2
2.3
4.6
6.8
11.7
19.3
1.2
1.7
1.9
4.2
2.9

2.8
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.5
3.7
2.3
2.9
1.9
3.3
2.5
4.0

2.8
1.8
2.3
2.8
2.5
3.6
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.6
3.1
4.1

2.9
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.7
3.9
2.4
2.4
2.1
3.6
2.7
4.1

2.9
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.6
3.9
2.3
2.3
1.9
2.9
3.1
4.3

1,579.2
113.6
259.4
47.8
66.1
66.1
69.6

1,574.9
112.5
256.3
48.8
65.6
65.6
70.6

1,584.1
113.7
260.9
48.1
66.2
66.0
70.1

39.4
1.7
4.9
1.3
1.4
1.7
2.5

31.4
1.7
4.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.7

41.9
1.8
4.8
1.4
1.3
1.7
3.5

34.5
1.8
4.3
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.9

2.5
1.5
1.9
2.8
2.1
2.5
3.5

2.0
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
2.5

2.7
1.6
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.6
4.9

2.2
1.6
1.6
2.3
1.5
2.1
2.7

1998

1999

1998

1999

1998

1999P

District of Columbia
Washington

263.8
2,596.8

274.8
2,656.7

261.7
2,601.7

274.1
2,648.3

21.0
74.0

15.6
62.6

18.8
66.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,360.2
190.7
767.6
176.7
122.9
79.5
104.3
539.2
200.9
208.2
1,057.1
95.4
98.6
858.7
64.8
174.2
45.0
265.4
148.8
1,198.5
523.6

7,547.0
195.7
780.4
180.5
124.5
83.4
107.6
555.8
203.7
212.3
1,054.6
101.7
101.2
887.7
66.4
179.1
46.0
273.5
151.0
1,253.8
542.9

7,375.1
191.1
770.5
177.6
122.5
79.7
104.4
540.1
200.1
207.7
1,048.3
96.9
98.8
862.8
64.8
174.6
45.4
266.4
148.5
1,206.9
527.8

7,502.4
193.9
776.2
179.4
122.4
82.4
106.8
550.8
201.8
209.9
1,041.6
101.7
100.8
885.2
66.3
177.8
45.9
271.5
149.9
1,252.9
542.2

310.9
6.3
34.4
4.9
10.4
2.5
2.3
15.8
10.0
9.5
69.8
3.7
3.9
25.1
5.2
6.4
1.5
6.1
4.5
34.6
27.8

303.2
6.3
33.1
5.1
10.3
3.1
2.3
18.1
10.0
8.7
61.9
3.9
3.9
25.7
4.9
7.3
1.5
6.3
4.1
36.9
25.9

Georgia
Albany
,
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

4,056.9
57.0
72.9
2,120.1
204.1
125.0
151.8
134.2

4,137.5
54.2
72.4
2,130.6
199.6
124.7
145.6
130.2

4,037.6
56.2
72.0
2,101.5
201.2
123.7
149.5
132.0

4,135.0
53.8
71.5
2,123.2
197.2
123.5
143.7
128.3

152.6
4.5
1.7
63.2
9.8
5.4
7.2
6.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

602.4
434.0

601.1
430.1

602.2
434.0

601.3
430.0

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

662.8
229.9
42.1

657.8
230.4
41.6

662.0
229.3
41.7

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moiine-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,262.4
87.4
95.6
4,200.2
186.0
57.5
52.8
185.3
193.8
107.0

6,389.7
88.6
97.0
4,309.7
187.0
58.2
53.4
189.0
198.8
108.3

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,119.7
62.7
95.8
159.8
267.9
308.0
843.1
51.8
92.1
63.1
138.0
70.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,581.4
112.4
258.3
48.8
66.7
66.0
70.7

See footnotes at end of table.




November

133

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor rorce

Numlper

Percent of labor force

State and area
November

November

December

1998

1999

December
1998

November

1999P

December

1998

1999

1998

1999P

43.4
1.6
3.2
10.5

3.7
3.9
4.3
3.5

3.3
3.5
3.6
4.0

3.2
3.2
3.6
3.1

3.0
2.8
3.4
3.6

73.8
4.4
14.0
1.9

69.7
4.3
15.9
2.0

4.1
1.9
2.8
4.2

3.7
1.8
2.9
4.3

3.8
1.7
2.5
3.8

3.6
1.7
2.8
3.9

91.2
2.5
10.9
3.1
8.6
4.0
2.5
24.9
7.9

100.6
2.7
11.2
3.4
8.5
4.5
3.1
24.3
8.8

77.1
2.2
9.3
2.5
7.0
3.2
2.1
20.6
6.6

4.9
4.6
3.8
3.4
4.9
5.3
4.5
4.1
4.9

4.4
4.1
3.5
3.2
4.7
4.3
3.4
4.0
4.2

4.9
4.5
3.8
3.6
4.7
5.0
4.4
4.0
4.8

3.8
3.6
3.0
2.7
3.9
3.5
2.9
3.3
3.6

27.4
1.4
2.1
2.6

24.6
1.3
1.8
2.8

23.7
1.3
1.8
2.2

23.7
1.3
1.6
2.5

4.2
2.8
3.9
1.9

3.6
2.4
3.2
2.0

3.6
2.5
3.4
1.6

3.5
2.4
2.8
1.8

2,803.4
1,314.8
46.6
71.3

111.1
59.1
3.4
2.4

90.3
47.5
2.8
1.9

97.2
50.5
3.4
2.2

78.8
40.6
2.8
1.6

4.0
4.5
7.5
3.4

3.2
3.6
6.0
2.6

3.5
3.9
7.5
3.2

2.8
3.1
6.0
2.3

3,255.9
70.2
1,811.7
132.4
68.7
197.4
167.7
81.0
39.5
281.4
253.2

3,283.1
72.8
1,825.0
134.6
68.7
199.5
170.1
82.8
40.2
283.1
252.6

88.5
2.8
41.2
3.7
2.3
8.9
4.8
4.2
1.4
8.5
6.7

93.3
2.7
45.0
4.1
2.5
8.7
5.0
3.9
1.4
8.6
7.0

88.7
3.2
40.2
3.7
2.4
8.3
4.6
4.2
1.5
8.6
6.6

94.3
3.2
43.8
4.0
2.5
7.8
4.9
4.1
1.5
9.1
7.0

2.7
3.9
2.3
2.8
3.4
4.5
2.8
5.1
3.5
3.0
2.6

2.8
3.7
2.5
3.0
3.6
4.4
2.9
4.7
3.5
3.0
2.8

2.7
4.6
2.2
2.8
3.5
4.2
2.8
5.2
3.7
3.1
2.6

2.9
4.4
2.4
3.0
3.6
3.9
2.9
4.9
3.8
3.2
2.8

5,131.5
303.6
84.1
2,296.3
194.1
621.9
78.6
235.1
248.3
203.5

5,043.7
300.0
82.2
2,267.7
199.8
601.3
76.6
230.6
243.3
200.4

5,099.5
302.8
83.0
2,289.7
193.0
617.3
78.2
232.9
246.0
201.6

167.8
5.2
3.3
68.3
8.9
16.0
2.3
6.7
5.4
7.5

169.1
5.5
3.0
66.5
9.6
18.7
2.2
8.1
5.6
7.4

173.6
5.5
3.3
67.3
8.9
16.2
2.5
7.5
6.1
7.8

161.4
5.3
2.8
62.3
8.8
16.5
2.2
7.4
5.8
7.1

3.3
1.7
4.0
3.0
4.4
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.2
3.7

3.3
1.8
3.6
2.9
5.0
3.0
2.8
3.4
2.3
3.7

3.4
1.8
4.0
3.0
4.4
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.5
3.9

3.2
1.7
3.3
2.7
4.6
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.4
3.5

2,722.9
126.6
1,712.2
71.1
94.9

2,744.9
126.9
1,737.7
72.6
96.6

2,695.8
124.8
1,693.7
70.3
94.0

2,713.5
125.7
1,722.4
72.0
95.2

58.2
4.3
28.4
0.9
2.1

57.5
3.7
29.6
1.2
2.0

59.2
4.2
27.3
0.9
2.3

58.5
3.7
27.7
1.2
2.2

2.1
3.4
1.7
1.3
2.3

2.1
2.9
1.7
1.7
2.1

2.2
3.4
1.6
1.2
2.5

2.2
2.9
1.6
1.7
2.3

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,281.2
169.8
51.4
227.8

1,285.0
173.6
50.5
231.0

1,289.0
170.8
51.8
228.0

1,299.3
175.9
50.9
233.5

56.5
5.7
1.4
6.8

49.0
5.7
1.4
5.9

55.6
4.9
1.2
6.3

57.5
6.3
1.6
6.4

4.4
3.3
2.7
3.0

3.8
3.3
2.9
2.6

4.3
2.9
2.4
2.7

4.4
3.6
3.2
2.7

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,882.1
84.6
85.1
980.2
50.2
1,330.7
165.9

2,881.7
81.9
82.0
1,001.7
48.2
1,352.6
173.2

2,898.3
85.6
85.6
988.2
50.3
1,333.5
166.2

2,883.1
82.1
82.0
1,000.1
48.5
1,355.6
173.8

92.9
1.0
3.0
31.3
1.9
46.7
4.2

66.5
0.7
2.0
26.4
1.1
36.7
2.7

90.6
0.9
2.6
28.7
1.7
44.7
4.0

77.2
0.7
2.1
25.1
1.4
39.8
3.1

3.2
1.2
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.5
2.5

2.3
0.8
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.7
1.5

3.1
1.1
3.1
2.9
3.4
3.4
2.4

2.7
0.9
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.9
1.8

469.1
69.6
38.6
53.1

474.8
73.0
38.3
53.9

466.7
69.6
39.0
52.8

472.3
73.9
38.4
53.7

26.3
2.7
2.2
2.8

22.7
2.7
1.7
1.8

27.3
2.8
2.2
2.2

25.0
3.0
1.9
2.2

5.6
3.9
5.6
5.3

4.8
3.7
4.5
3.4

5.9
4.1
5.6
4.2

5.3
4.0
4.9
4.0

1998

1999

1998

1999P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,442.5
58.1
92.5
293.5

1,459.6
57.8
93.3
296.8

1,432.9
57.0
91.9
291.6

1,449.5
57.4
93.0
294.6

53.1
2.3
4.0
10.2

47.9
2.0
3.3
11.8

46.2
1.8
3.3
8.9

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,942.9
258.7
556.0
50.0

1,962.5
262.2
571.1
50.8

1,935.3
257.1
556.1
50.0

1,952.2
260.0
569.1
50.8

79.8
5.0
15.6
2.1

72.7
4.6
16.8
2.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,058.8
59.7
302.6
95.6
181.4
90.8
70.8
618.2
186.2

2,081.3
61.2
314.2
95.7
182.3
93.1
72.1
626.1
188.1

2,038.9
59.2
298.7
94.9
179.3
90.2
69.6
611.5
184.7

2,042.6
60.2
309.0
93.7
178.6
90.8
70.9
616.6
184.8

100.7
2.7
11.4
3.2
8.8
4.8
3.2
25.5
9.1

657.7
50.4
53.3
136.2

679.0
53.4
55.2
141.3

656.6
51.6
53.7
137.0

677.3
53.8
55.0
141.5

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,792.7
1,316.9
45.8
70.0

2,821.3
1,325.2
47.0
71.8

2,788.2
1,310.1
45.8
70.5

Massachusetts
Barnstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,268.6
71.2
1,817.0
133.3
68.9
198.3
167.9
81.6
39.6
283.3
254.8

3,289.2
73.3
1,827.0
135.6
69.4
200.8
170.4
82.7
40.2
284.4
252.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,074.0
301.7
83.5
2,276.7
200.7
602.5
76.9
233.4
246.2
201.7

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

See footnotes at end of table.




134

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor forcei

State and area
November
1998

1999

November

December
1998

1999P

1998

December

1999

1998

November

1999P

December

1998

1999

1998

1999P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

933.7
147.2
397.7

934.3
150.1
398.5

930.5
146.9
398.2

927.9
149.3
396.3

21.3
2.7
8.4

20.8
2.8
8.1

19.9
2.3
7.4

21.5
2.8
8.3

2.3
1.9
2.1

2.2
1.8
2.0

2.1
1.6
1.9

2.3
1.9
2.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

935.6
714.8
176.5

963.9
749.4
177.9

928.7
711.6
175.0

959.0
746.4
177.9

29.4
22.5
4.7

38.0
30.4
5.0

26.4
19.8
4.6

33.5
27.1
4.5

3.1
3.1
2.7

39
4.1
2.8

2.8
2.8
2.6

3.5
3.6
2.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

664.1
106.6
104.3
126.2

675.4
108.0
104.1
127.4

664.5
106.3
104.9
126.2

670.9
105.9
103.6
125.4

19.4
2.8
3.1
3.0

18.2
2.5
3.0
2.6

17.6
2.4
2.7
2.8

15.6
2.1
2.5
2.3

2.9
2.6
3.0
2.4

2.7
2.3
2.9
2.0

2.6
2.2
2.6
2.3

2.3
2.0
2.4
1.8

4,173.5
168.6
681.6
282.0
639.0
510.2
1,017.5
168.0
64.6

4,245.3
168.0
692.6
284.7
654.0
521.4
1,039.8
170.3
64.5

4,194.1
169.0
684.0
285.5
642.7
512.0
1,022.6
169.1
64.9

4,249.8
167.4
693.4
285.0
655.8
521.0
1,040.4
171.0
64.2

173.8
14.7
26.8
18.6
18.1
20.4
40.9
6.0
5.1

173.0
13.1
27.1
17.6
19.2
19.9
40.5
5.8
4.9

173.5
15.3
26.8
19.0
17.3
20.3
40.8
6.3
5.4

163.6
13.5
25.6
16.5
17.5
19.0
37.7
5.4
5.0

4.2
8.7
3.9
6.6
2.8
4.0
4.0
3.6
8.0

4.1
7.8
3.9
6.2
2.9
3.8
3.9
3.4
7.6

4.1
9.0
3.9
6.7
2.7
4.0
4.0
3.7
8.4

3.8
8.1
3.7
5.8
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.2
7.7

841.4
367.5
69.8
74.8

836.6
365.3
71.3
74.8

837.3
366.1
68.9
74.8

831.1
363.4
70.2
74.3

50.1
16.5
5.3
2.4

46.4
14.4
4.9
2.1

50.2
16.1
5.5
2.3

44.8
13.2
5.2
1.9

6.0
4.5
7.5
3.2

5.5
3.9
6.8
2.8

6.0
4.4
8.0
3.1

5.4
3.6
7.4
2.6

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,862.0
453.4
126.3
573.1
119.0
45.1
58.6
66.7
1,408.6
4,087.4
3,439.0
171.3
572.9
363.0
141.6

8,890.7
451.3
125.7
568.5
121.2
44.1
57.6
66.4
1,431.1
4,088.7
3,431.8
176.3
571.4
364.9
142.2

8,855.5
451.5
125.7
573.4
118.3
45.3
57.8
66.6
1,414.7
4,082.7
3,432.4
171.1
571.5
363.7
140.9

8,881.0
449.3
125.7
566.7
120.4
44.2
57.6
66.3
1,435.0
4,085.4
3,428.2
175.5
569.3
364.1
141.7

459.5
14.1
4.3
25.8
3.4
1.7
3.4
3.4
37.8
285.0
267.2
5.1
20.0
12.4
5.5

422.8
14.6
4.2
26.6
3.7
2.1
2.7
3.0
43.0
236.9
217.4
5.3
22.2
14.9
5.6

454.3
13.9
4.5
25.9
3.3
1.7
3.3
3.4
35.6
279.1
262.2
4.7
20.5
13.2
5.8

402.7
15.2
4.6
27.3
3.5
2.0
2.9
3.2
41.3
212.8
194.6
4.8
23.0
15.8
5.9

5.2
3.1
3.4
4.5
2.9
3.7
5.8
5.1
2.7
7.0
7.8
3.0
3.5
3.4
3.9

4.8
3.2
3.4
4.7
3.1
4.7
4.7
4.5
3.0
5.8
6.3
3.0
3.9
4.1
4.0

5.1
3.1
3.6
4.5
2.8
3.7
5.8
5.1
2.5
6.8
7.6
2.8
3.6
3.6
4.1

4.5
3.4
3.7
4.8
2.9
4.6
5.0
4.8
2.9
5.2
5.7
2.7
4.0
4.3
4.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,831.3
111.9
751.3
113.5
47 7
637.0
65.1
170.6
45.3
639.5
66.8
105.1

3,888.5
112.3
765.5
117.8
47 8
644.9
65.8
173.6
46.3
646.8
66.4
112.7

3,813.9
111.4
748.3
113.4
46.6
635.6
63.5
170.5
45.2
639.0
65.5
104.8

3,859.5
112.1
759.8
117.1
47.4
641.6
65.0
173.5
46.1
644.9
65.3
111.9

119.4
2.5
17.4
4.3
2.1
14.0
2.5
3.9
1.6
9.8
4.2
3.9

120.8
2.2
20.7
4.5
1.9
15.4
3.1
3.1
1.6
9.8
4.4
3.9

104.6
2.1
14.9
3.7
1.6
11.7
2.0
3.2
1.3
8.0
3.3
3.6

107.9
2.0
17.5
4.0
1.6
13.5
2.5
2.9
1.3
8.6
3.5
3.7

3.1
2.2
2.3
3.8
4.3
2.2
3.8
2.3
3.5
1.5
6.2
3.7

3.1
1.9
2.7
3.8
4.0
2.4
4.7
1.8
3.4
1.5
6.6
3.5

2.7
1.9
2.0
3.3
3.5
1.8
3.1
1.9
2.9
1.3
5.1
3.5

2.8
1.8
2.3
3.4
3.4
2.1
3.9
1.6
2.9
1.3
5.3
3.3

340.1
53.2
103.1
53.6

336.4
53.2
102.6
53.3

338.1
53.2
103.0
53.1

333.4
53.1
101.9
52.9

9.0
1.4
1.3
1.1

8.7
1.2
1.4
1.1

9.1
1.3
1.6
1.2

9.1
1.3
1.7
1.3

2.6
2.6
1.3
2.0

2.6
2.3
1.4
2.1

2.7
2.4
1.5
2.2

2.7
2.4
1.7
2.4

5,790.2
365.3
205.2
857.5
1,126.8
830.5
478.1
182.7
75.2
83.7
57.7
325.8
288.0

5,846.0
372.3
209.5
878.1
1,137.0
843.6
480.2
185.3
75.9
84.4
57.4
327.7
289.8

5,789.1
366.8
205.8
857.1
1,127.1
830.3
477.7
183.2
74.9
83.6
57.7
326.1
288.4

5,818.1
371.0
208.7
872.0
1,134.5
839.3
478.5
183.6
75.9
83.7
56.8
326.3
288.1

230.8
13.7
8.0
27.7
46.7
20.9
16.7
6.0
3.7
4.4
3.6
14.5
15.0

226.1
14.1
8.3
28.8
46.8
20.5
16.8
5.2
3.0
5.8
3.0
12.5
14.2

222.7
13.4
7.7
24.5
45.5
19.3
15.3
5.4
3.4
4.1
3.8
13.6
15.8

222.9
14.6
8.2
26.0
48.5
18.8
15.7
4.8
2.9
5.4
2.6
11.6
13.7

4.0
3.8
3.9
3.2
4.1
2.5
3.5
3.3
4.9
5.2
6.2
4.4
5.2

3.9
3.8
3.9
3.3
4.1
2.4
3.5
2.8
4.0
6.8
5.2
38
4.9

3.8
3.6
3.7
2.9
4.0
2.3
3.2
2.9
4.5
4.9
6.6
42
5.5

3.8
3.9
3.9
30
4.3
2.2
3.3
2.6
3.8
6.4
4.6
36
4.8

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Mon mouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio .
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




135

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area-—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor Torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
November

November

December

1998

1999

1998

1999

1998

1999P

52.1
0.8
1.5
12.5
12.7

4.1
3.7
4.6
3.2
3.2

2.9
2.7
3.2
2.2
2.9

4.2
3.5
4.9
3.2
3.2

3.1
2.9
3.7
2.3
2.9

94.4
8.4
5.1
43.1
9.6

86.0
8.3
4.3
38.3
9.2

5.4
5.0
5.9
4.2
5.4

4.9
5.2
4.7
3.8
5.3

5.3
5.1
5.6
4.1
5.7

4.8
4.9
4.7
3.5
5.4

241.8
12.0
2.8
6.7
10.4
5.5
6.2
100.7
44.7
6.0
15.2
2.8
1.5
2.5
6.6

226.9
11.5
2.5
5.9
8.6
5.5
5.4
85.5
44.8
6.4
16.1
1.9
1.8
2.7
5.4

212.4
10.1
2.5
6.0
8.6
5.2
5.2
86.2
40.3
5.0
14.6
2.4
1.6
2.3
5.4

4.2
4.2
4.4
4.6
2.7
5.7
2.6
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.5
3.5
2.6
5.1
3.3

4.0
3.8
4.5
4.8
3.0
5.4
2.5
4.0
3.9
3.3
4.9
4.9
2.2
4.3
3.4

3.8
3.7
4.0
4.2
2.5
5.4
2.2
3.4
3.9
3.5
5.2
3.3
2.7
4.8
2.8

3.6
3.3
4.0
4.3
2.5
5.1
2.1
3.4
3.5
2.7
4.7
4.2
2.4
4.1
2.8

19.8
22.4

17.4
20.0

18.2
21.1

17.0
20.4

3.9
3.9

3.4
3.4

3.6
3.7

3.3
3.5

1,952.1
273.7
284.9
62.2
495.1
100.7
46.5

69.6
6.7
5.1
2.6
12.8
4.1
2.0

84.5
8.9
6.8
3.9
14.9
4.6
2.5

65.9
6.2
4.7
2.4
12.0
4.8
1.8

75.8
7.9
6.5
3.0
13.1
5.0
2.2

3.6
2.5
1.8
4.0
2.6
4.0
4.3

4.3
3.2
2.4
6.1
3.0
4.5
5.3

3.4
2.4
1.7
3.8
2.5
4.8
3.8

3.9
2.9
2.3
4.8
2.7
4.9
4.8

392.3
46.5
100.4

394.0
46.9
103.0

10.6
1.2
1.5

9.8
1.1
1.6

10.5
1.1
1.5

9.9
1.0
1.5

2.6
2.5
1.4

2.4
2.3
1.5

2.7
2.3
1.4

2.5
2.2
1.5

2,845.7
219.2
84.5
58.1
225.4
352.1
583.2
675.0

2,790.6
218.3
82.6
57.2
227.3
345.6
568.4
654.2

2,806.3
216.2
84.1
57.7
223.2
345.7
576.3
664.0

110.7
7.6
2.8
2.0
8.8
12.3
18.8
17.4

100.4
6.8
2.7
1.9
8.1
9.6
19.7
17.1

97.3
6.6
2.4
1.8
10.3
10.8
16.2
14.0

87.1
5.9
2.2
1.6
7.4
8.7
17.2
14.2

3.9
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.3
2.6

3.5
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.6
2.7
3.4
2.5

3.5
3.0
2.9
3.1
4.5
3.1
2.8
2.1

3.1
2.7
2.6
2.9
3.3
2.5
3.0
2.1

10,410.9
62.9
116.5
721.0
189.7
106.2
124.0
80.1
177.1
1,946.1
291.6
920.9
123.9
2,198.5
116.4
75.0
106.8
126.7
192.4
126.3
53.2
781.3
52.0
56.5
93.1

10,237.4
62.5
114.1
692.6
185.8
105.7
128.3
77.0
177.2
1,894.7
291.3
892.1
124.2
2,155.8
115.4
74.4
106.9
124.7
199.1
129.1
53.3
766.3
51.4
56.7
91.1

10,401.0
62.7
116.7
718.7
188.9
106.1
124.0
79.4
176.2
1,943.4
291.3
921.0
123.6
2,199.3
116.3
75.3
106.6
126.3
195.7
125.7
52.9
781.5
51.7
56.3
94.0

471.1
2.2
3.6
17.2
13.2
6.0
14.8
1.3
11.6
56.9
29.9
26.8
7.7
82.5
4.5
6.7
7.9
3.2
34.6
7.9
2.7
25.1
2.7
3.6
4.3

441.8
2.1
4.3
14.6
14.8
6.8
11.4
1.2
11.0
57.0
24.5
26.9
7.2
94.2
4.0
5.0
6.7
3.0
26.0
8.2
1.8
24.3
2.0
2.5
3.7

447.9
2.0
3.2
15.9
12.5
5.7
16.2
1.2
10.8
52.0
27.7
24.5
7.3
78.4
4.0
6.5
7.3
2.8
35.7
8.4
2.4
22.6
2.4
3.4
3.8

435.8
2.1
4.1
14.4
14.6
6.7
11.5
1.2
10.8
54.8
23.3
26.1
7.1
90.7
3.8
5.1
6.6
2.9
28.0
7.8
1.7
23.9
1.9
2.7
4.2

4.6
3.5
3.1
2.5
7.1
5.7
11.6
1.6
6.5
3.0
10.2
3.0
6.2
3.8
3.9
9.0
7.4
2.5
17.6
6.1
5.0
3.3
5.2
6.4
4.8

4.2
3.4
3.7
2.0
7.8
6.4
9.2
1.5
6.2
2.9
8.4
2.9
5.8
4.3
3.4
6.7
6.3
2.4
13.5
6.5
3.5
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.0

4.4
3.1
2.8
2.3
6.7
5.4
12.6
1.5
6.1
2.7
9.5
2.7
5.9
3.6
3.4
8.7
6.9
2.2
17.9
6.5
4.5
2.9
4.7
6.0
4.2

4.2
3.4
3.6
2.0

1999

1998

1999P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,647.9
27.6
41.7
541.8
423.0

1,679.9
27.9
42.1
552.8
436.6

1,636.7
27.4
41.3
537.3
420.3

1,664.8
27.5
41.8
549.9
434.0

68.3
1.0
1.9
17.4
13.7

49.3
0.8
1.4
12.2
12.5

68.8
0.9
2.0
17.0
13.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,784.6
165.5
90.2
1,065.9
170.4

1,789.7
166.4
90.5
1,077.8
170.2

1,767.6
165.0
91.2
1,058.9
168.3

1,797.0
168.0
92.0
1,080.0
169.8

95.5
8.3
5.3
45.3
9.2

87.9
8.7
4.3
40.7
8.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,955.5
312.5
62.6
139.5
350.4
102.1
242.5
2,505.8
1,155.1
183.4
309.8
56.8
69.0
57.0
190.8

5,972.9
312.7
62.8
140.4
349.3
101.3
243.3
2,529.4
1,159.5
183.5
307.7
57.2
69.6
57.3
193.5

5,931.5
311.0
62.3
138.4
350.0
101.8
241.8
2,501.7
1,154.0
182.6
309.0
56.6
66.6
56.2
190.7

5,956.1
311.7
63.4
139.8
348.5
101.0
242.0
2,529.1
1,158.0
183.3
307.7
56.6
67.5
56.8
193.2

253.1
13.3
2.8
6.4
9.6
5.8
6.4
98.8
48.3
7.3
17.0
2.0
1.8
2.9
6.3

503.2
578.1

512.3
587.2

502.7
577.8

511.1
586.1

1,955.5
266.1
280.1
64.0
493.4
101.5
47.2

1,968.9
275.5
285.6
63.3
498.0
102.7
46.9

1,934.8
263.9
277.5
63.3
489.1
99.8
46.6

399.6
47.4
101.7

400.8
47.8
104.6

2,825.7
221.2
83.1
57.7
227.6
351.3
573.3
660.1
10,251.0
62.6
113.9
697.9
186.7
106.3
126.9
77.3
178.3
1,898.2
291.7
892.6
124.2
2,154.3
115.6
74.4
107.4
125.3
196.3
128.6
53.6
766.6
51.6
56.9
91.3

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ..
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ..
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler

See footnotes at end of table.




1999P

December

1998

1998

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

November

December

136

in
6.3
9.3
1.5
6.1
2.8
8.0
2.8
5.7
4.1
3.3
6.8
6.2
2.3
14.3
6.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
4.8
4.5

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
November

1998
Texas—Continued
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1999

November

December

1998

1998

1999P

November

December

1999

1998

1999P

December

1998

1999

1998

1999P

43.5
102.0
66.4

43.9
104.3
66.0

43.4
101.6
66.8

43.7
103.8
65.9

1.9
3.4
3.1

1.6
3.1
3.1

1.7
3.3
3.2

1.5
3.0
3.0

4.5
3.4
4.7

3.7
3.0
4.7

4.0
3.2
4.7

3.4
2.9
4.5

1,089.5
164.6
696.0

1,110.3
169.4
711.2

1,090.0
163.5

1,101.0
168.1
706.4

34.7
4.7
21.0

29.9
3.4
18.9

29.9
3.9
17.7

26.8
3.0
16.6

3.2
2.8
3.0

2.7
2.0
2.7

2.7
2.4
2.5

2.4
1.8
2.4

336.2
102.3

338.9
102.3

338.3
102.1

341.0
102.5

9.9
2.0

8.5
1.6

9.6
1.9

8.7
1.7

2.9
2.0

2.5
1.6

2.8
1.9

2.5
1.7

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,550.8
76.6
57.4
104.4
746.5
516.3
132.8

3,600.9
77.9
56.7
104.8
750.1
529.2
133.2

3,554.5
76.4
57.4
104.5
746.2
516.8
132.7

3,581.2
77.2
56.5
104.5
746.4
526.4
132.8

96.1
0.9
3.2
2.4
24.3
12.9
2.7

93.5
1.0
3.0
1.9
23.4
11.2
2.2

96.6
0.9
3.0
2.3
23.4
11.9
2.7

92.1
0.9
3.1
1.9
22.5
10.4
2.0

2.7
1.2
5.5
2.3
3.3
2.5
2.0

2.6
1.3
5.3
1.8
3.1
2.1
1.6

2.7
1.2
5.3
2.2
3.1
2.3
2.0

2.6
1.2
5.5
1.8
3.0
2.0
1.5

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,054.5
79.9
91.4
99.4
91.2
1,398.6
212.7
336.6
109.2

3,065.6
77.8
92.1
102.2
90.1
1,419.3
209.4
338.1
105.0

3,080.8
80.8
92.0
101.1
91.2
1,414.1
214.5
341.2
108.4

3,075.3
78.6
92.8
103.1
89.8
1,431.6
210.5
341.3
103.8

148.7
4.5
4.7
4.8
7.7
43.1
11.2
14.9
12.8

124.0
3.5
4.1
4.1
5.5
42.2
8.8
13.2
9.3

153.3
4.6
4.6
4.7
8.0
43.0
11.4
14.4
14.1

131.8
3.8
4.1
4.2
6.2
42.4
9.9
13.6
10.7

4.9
5.6
5.1
4.8
8.5
3.1
5.3
4.4
11.7

4.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
6.1
3.0
4.2
3.9
8.9

5.0
5.7
5.0
4.7
8.8
3.0
5.3
4.2
13.1

4.3
4.9
4.4
4.1
6.9
3.0
4.7
4.0
10.3

799.9
130.4
137.5
78.4
73.4

815.4
135.5
139.8
79.5
75.0

804.6
131.4
138.4
78.3
73.4

813.8
134.4
140.3
79.7
75.0

46.6
5.7
8.0
4.2
3.1

49.8
6.3
8.0
3.3
3.3

48.6
5.9
8.0
4.1
3.2

48.5
6.1
8.1
3.4
3.4

5.8
4.4
5.8
5.3
4.2

6.1
4.7
5.7
4.1
4.3

6.0
4.5
5.8
5.3
4.4

6.0
4.5
5.8
4.3
4.6

2,970.4
223.7
84.4
132.1
79.6
82.2
72.9
266.8
817.5
93.4
60.3
74.6

2,958.9
225.7
83.2
133.3
78.9
81.6
73.8
267.4
809.6
91.6
59.9
74.7

2,968.0
223.6
84.3
132.3
79.5
83.2
72.8
266.3
814.6
93.7
60.5
74.7

2,953.3
225.5
83.0
133.1
77.7
82.8
73.5
266.7
811.1
91.7
60.0
74.5

95.4
5.6
2.5
3.2
3.0
2.6
1.9
3.6
27.7
3.7
1.4
2.2

75.3
4.2
1.8
2.6
4.9
2.2
1.9
3.0
22.3
3.1
1.0
1.6

92.9
5.1
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.5
1.9
3.5
24.0
3.3
1.2
2.4

76.7
4.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.2
2.1
3.1
20.7
3.3
1.0
1.8

3.2
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.7
3.1
2.6
1.4
3.4
3.9
2.3
3.0

2.5
1.9
2.2
1.9
6.2
2.7
2.6
1.1
2.7
3.4
1.7
2.1

3.1
2.3
3.3
2.3
3.6
3.0
2.6
1.3
2.9
3.5
1.9
3.1

2.6
1.8
2.9
2.0
3.4
2.7
2.8
1.2
2.5
3.6
1.6
2.5

258.9
33.3
39.7

261.7
34.0
40.7

256.9
33.4
39.7

260.6
34.4
41.6

11.6
1.7
1.3

10.8
1.5
1.2

11.7
1.7
1.4

11.6
1.7
1.5

4.5
5.1
3.3

4.1
4.5
3.0

4.6
5.0
3.6

4.4
4.9
3.5

1,314.3
51.4
52.5
119.5
92.7
109.5
719.8

1,290.3
50.2
52.3
118.5
90.4
110.9
704.9

1,326.4
51.1
53.3
121.1
93.9
110.9
725.5

1,303.4
49.6
52.0
121.7
91.1
110.9
717.0

163.7
8.5
7.0
14.0
12.7
17.3
74.8

150.4
7.9
7.0
12.9
13.6
16.9
65.5

146.8
7.7
6.4
12.5
11.3
15.4
66.9

132.1
6.9
6.1
11.2
11.9
14.6
57.5

12.5
16.5
13.4
11.7
13.7
15.8
10.4

11.7
15.8
13.4
10.9
15.0
15.2
9.3

11.1
15.1
12.0
10.3
12.1
13.9
9.2

10.1
14.0
11.7
9.2
13.1
13.2
8.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
,
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised




when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

137

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
138

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.




County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

139

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (I) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




140

following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the




Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
141

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the full-and part-time labor force.

employed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which, the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam^era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all self-




• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
142

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.




d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must ex143

pect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, thefirst-stageratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.




• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb-

144

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.

ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.




• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls
145

used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 2000, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration and an upward revision in the number of deaths. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was lowered by about 215,000.
The labor force and employment levels were decreased by
about 125,000 and 120,000, respectively. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates and other percentages of labor
market participation were not significantly affected. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.

146

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
147

and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-




nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.

CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
148

Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .„
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
1

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1.960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

1. Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs




149

mates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many




sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that the
CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for
women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races
than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sexrace-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent
that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various
150

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




293
312
145

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level

151

Table 1 -C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivelevel
month change
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

152

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

Hispanic
origin

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian tabor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1 -E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

Black

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

153

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x - 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000

a - -0.000017962

Sx = V(-0.000017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x - 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

^ 120,000,000 -100,000,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.

b-4191.84
+(4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

sx - V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




= 2957.13

154

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

=

2690.59 (33X100-33) - 1.0 percent
5,650,000

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

-.000020028
White1
-.000036840
Men
-.000033710
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .... -.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

V

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

2529.99
(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
>,600,000

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b - 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
155

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
lota!
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
2

Unemployment:

2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




156

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

b = 3139.26

S x = ^(-0.000125300)(l l,600,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

S x = 7(-0.000125300)(l l,400,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Parttime
Unemployment:
Total
Parttime
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Parttime
.. .




157

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION

graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at http:\\stats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-

sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
158

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) - 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

by members of the construction trades.

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig159

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
160

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
161

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

162

mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias
adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in
and of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1988-98
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1998 is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1997 through March 1998. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Baseji on this research, a revised method was developed
whicji incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for tie production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

163

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1988-98
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Year
Employment1
Revision2
Added3
Required4

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1988
1989

86,180
89,015

-310
-93

114
131

88
123

3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040
103,965

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518
85

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130
150

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173
157

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882
2,925

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

164

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The volume of these corrections has often been quite large and had substantial
effects on universe employment distributions at the industry levels, but effects on total nonfarm employment have
been minimal. In 1999, BLS and its State partners completed a multi-year conversion to a new refiling schedule,
which uses a random selection method to target one-third

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Si 2 and S 9 2 .

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1998
Sample coverage1
Industry

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Employees
Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

S difference
Total

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
S change

=

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

yjsf + s2 - 2ps{s2

If Si = S2, then:
S change

304,495

42,498

34

592
5,474
18,805

2,853
24,798
51,168

212
994
8,287

36
18
44

15,925
23,106
56,653

2,071
1,072
4,469

32
16
21

21,510
72,329

1,981
8,057

27
22

2,662
4,004
8,689

100
85
68

6,497
6,742
21,724
7,269
36,862
2,662
4,702
12,721

2

3

7,566
8,140
20,447

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and earnings
estimates are derived from a sample.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




124,050

165

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
benchmark revision

Industry

Level

10-year average
mean percent revision

Percent

Actual

Absolute

44

0

0.1

0.3

85

0.1

.1

.3

91

.4

.2

.7

15
0
1
14
1

2.5
0
1.1
4.1
1.0

-.2
-1.9
-.7
.3
-.4

1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.6

15
-22
12
25

.3
-1.7
1.7
.7

-.2
-.6
.9
-.2

1.1
2.4
2.1
1.0

61

.3

.3

.7

75

.7

.4

.8

9
7
1
0
-1
12
14
4
6
-6
11
1
1
9
7

1.1
1.3
.2
0
-.4
.8
.6
1.0
.3
-.9
.6
.1
.2
1.0
1.8

.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
.4
.3
.3
.2
.4
1.0
1.2
.9
(1)
.4

1.8
1.1
.7
.7
1.1
.6
1.0
1.3
.7
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5

-14

-.2

.2

.7

-18
0
1
-6
-7
-1
6
5
3
1

-1.1
0
.2
-.8
-1.0
-.1
.6
3.6
.3
1.2

.2

.4
-.2
.1
.2
1.0
.1

.9
3.4
.9
1.4
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.1
2.2

-47

(1)

.1

.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

41
54
-1
5
31
-6
19
0
6
-13
-13
0

.6
1.3
-.4
1.0
1.8
-3.5
1.6

-.2
-.4
-1.0
-.4
-1.6
.4
2.2
-.6
-.8
.2
.3
-.1

1.0
1.5
1.0
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
2.8
.1
.8
.7

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

-2
-25
23

(D

-.3
-.3
-.3

.1
.3
I.O

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

,

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

See footnotes at end of table.




166

0
1.3
-.6
-.9
0
-.6
.8

-.2
.1
.3

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-99
-25
-55
-29
-57
-10
-16
34
-32
77
-33

-0.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.3
-1.7
-.4
-1.5
3.1
-3.2
1.0
-1.2

0.3
-.3
1.8
2.5
-.4
-1.2
-1.0
.9
-.8
.9
-.1

0.6
1.6
2.9
3.4
.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

56
34
0
8
-6
33
33
-3
5
14
11
3
8

.8
1.0
0
.5
-2.3
5.2
10.7
-.5
2.1
.6
.7
.4
.6

-.2
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-3.5
1.9
2.9
.2
-3.0
.4
.5
.3
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
5.8
3.3
5.9
1.1
4.8
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.5

-2
-2
5
13
15
-23
53
34
-4
-15
-6
8
-66
-53
-12
5
-27
-7
-9
-33
12
21

(1)
-.3
.3
1.0
.2
-2.5
1.7
1.2
-.3
-1.3
-1.6
1.4
-4.6
-.5
-.7
.3
-.7
-1.0
-.9
-1.4
.5
3.4
-.5
1.1
3.9
-1.7
-1.4
-1.6
-2.0

.1
1.5
.7
.9
.5
.4
1.4
1.9
.5
-1.3
-1.3
-1.6
.3
-.7
-.9
-.5
-.8
1.2
-.9
.7
-.3
-2.2
-.2
1.8
2.4
-.1
-.6
.5
1.4

.6
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.3
3.3
2.9
2.5
1.6
4.7
3.8
3.1
.8
1.5
.8
.8
2.6
1.0
2.6
1.5
5.0
1.3
2.4
3.0
1.5
1.1
3.1
2.8

-.2
0
0
-.8
-1.2
-.5

(D

(D

(D
(D

.3
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.2
.3
.4

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

1
91
-54
-12
-16
-1

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

-41
0
0
-39
-25
-14
-2
16
-18

1

•4

2

Less than 0.05 percent.




.2
-.3

167

0
0
.1
.2
.1

(1)

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

ately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

01
6
1
1
1
1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

5
2
1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

2
2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1994March1995.

of all UI universe units for refiling in a given year. Previously, refiling procedures called for each major industry
division to be refiled every third year. The refiling schedule
refinement was made because of large benchmark revisions
and corresponding distortions in over-the-year employment
trend measurement for specific industries.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immedi-




168

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

"Total
Total private

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

57,900

0

47,800

0

Absolute

13,900

0

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300
700
1,700
300

0
-0.1
.2

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,100
4,100
3,300
5,000

0

.1
.3
.3
.1

Manufacturing

9,500

0

0

6,400

0

0

1,300
1,200
1,200
1,700
1,300
2,200
2,600
1,800
2,200
1,400
4,200
3,600
1,600
1,600
900

.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.3
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2

0
.6
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0

.1
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

54,500

0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

9,800
9,400
2,100
3,700
5,800
1,400
6,400
200
1,100
4,100
3,800
1,600

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.2
.7
.5
.2
.7
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,600
4,300
4,800

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

Goods-producing

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

4,800
2,700
500
1,200
2,700
1,100
1,700
1,700
1,000
1,400
600

See footnotes at end of table.




0.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

169

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

0
0

0.1
.2
.5
.6
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
.2

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

31,100
2,800
19,400
18,500
5,800
3,000
1,200
5,700
3,100
9,400
7,900

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate

6,200
3,800
2,500
2,100
1,100
1,500
1,100
1,100
1,700
2,700
2,400
1,200
2,800

0
0
-.1
-.1

Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

28,700
2,700
6,000
5,800
12,300
2,500

0
.1
.1
-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
0
0
0
.1
.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
0
.1

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service.
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,500
8,300
7,600

10,500

10,300
2,800
2,000
1,000
6,200
9,400
5,500
2,500
1,600
3,300
2,000
1,400
12,600
9,700
4,400
1,400
600
3,200
5,100
2,300
3,400
500

11,800

9,900
4,800
16,800
14,200

11,300

1

The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.




170

2

0
0
.1

-.1
0

.1
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

-.1
.1
.1

.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.8
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.5
.3
.6
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8

0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1

-.1
0
0
0

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1994 through
December 1998.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis
for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 334 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




171

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

172

Seasonal Adjustment

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-l 1 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




Establishment data
Effective in June 1996, with the release of the March 1995
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-l2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.

173

The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmarks,
seasonally adjusted series for employment, hours, indexes
of aggregate hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate
refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to correct
for distortions related to the method of accounting for
the varying length of payroll periods across months—a calendar effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to indentify, measure,
and remove this calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series
are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied at component
levels. For employment series, these are generally the 2digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic
aggregations for employment series and weighted averages
of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
The standard procedure for seasonal adjustment for the
local education employment series was improved with the
1997 benchmark. In the past, the seasonal factors for this
industry were derived using the standard seasonal adjustment
procedure of a logarithmic transformation of the data as input
for the multiplicative decomposition of the series. However,
in recent years, the forecasted seasonal factors have failed to
adequately reflect the changing behavior of this industry in
the summer months. The factors for this industry are now
derived using a square-root transformation of the data as
input for an additive decomposition of the series. These
modifications produce seasonal factors that better reflect
current industry seasonal patterns. However, the annual
averages of seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series will
not be equal.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect
of poll workers in the local government employment series
also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1999, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1999, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1999-April 2000 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
174

does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to
regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-ll




175

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State, and area labor
force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January
issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment and labor force data in the May issue. For
additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this publication.
Monthly
Topic

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (index)
Agricultural industries

Seasonally
adjusted

Quarterly averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

46-47
B-9
A-1-3,7,11

A-15,21-22,
30,35

D-1,5,9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry

A-5

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,15a
17-18
A-16,17

A-3-4,6,8
A-4
B-3-5,7

A-14-16,18,22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14

D-1-2,4,6
D-2

D-12-13,16
D-12-16

Occupation
Race

A-7
A-4

A-19-21
A-14-18,20

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12,14,16

Sex

A-2-4,6-8;B-4

A-14-20,22;
B-13

D-1-2,4-6

A-6

A-18,33

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15,18

A-7,11

A-26,28,34

D-5,9

A-1-3,7

A-37
A-15,22

D-1,5

A-6

A-36
A-18

D-4

B-5,8-9,11

B-12,15-18

B-7;C-1-2

A-16
B-14,18;C-3

Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Minimum-wage workers
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-11
B-11

A-3-4,6,9-10

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason
Sex

A-12
A-2-4,6,9-10

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era

*U.S. Government Printing Office: 2000 — 461-100/20004




Annual
averages

A-14-16,18,28
31-32,34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30,35
A-29.A-35
A-14-18,28
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18,2832,34
A-38

176

D-20-22
D-3

D-4

D-12-16

D-14-15

D-14-15

A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13,15-16
35
B-2, 15-17; 52; 2
B-2,15,17;
37-39,52; 2
7
3-6,8-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 50; 1
9-13,17
3,5,7-8,10-12,
14,17-18
B-13; 2-18

8,12-13,30
A-1-2;B-1-2;1-2
B-15;19-23,52;2
33-34
24,31
44-45
36
A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
51-52

1-5
D-1-2,7-8

D-12-13,17

3-6,8,24,27,29
33

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19

D-10
D-1-2,7-8

D-18
D-12-13,17

29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3,5,7-8,24,28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,29,

D-23-24

31,33-35
40-43
48-49

D-12,17-21