Full text of Employment and Earnings : February 1998
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
February 1998
In this issue:
Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective
January 1998
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
February 1998
Vol. 45 No. 2
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commisioner
Calendar of Features
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
ESlE—Employment
and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), is
prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications
and Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of C o m m e r c e ) and State
employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these
agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
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and area establishment data, 606-6559; and State and area
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Jan.
Union affiliation
Jan.
Earnings by detailed occupation
Jan.
Employee absences
Jan.
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Jan.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail
March, June
Women employees
March, June
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors
Revised historical national data
June
Internet^
State and area annual revisions
March
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual revisions
March
Annual averages
May
' They can be accessed from http://stats.bls.gov/cgi-bin/dsrv7ee or through
the Current E m p l o y m e n t Statistics h o m e p a g e at h t t p : / / s t a t s . b l s . g o v /
ceshome.htm.
Employment and Eamings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker
Editors' Note
Effective with the publication of January 1998 data, household survey data shown in table A and tables A-1 through
A-38 incorporate new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls. For additional information,
see the article beginning on page 3. This issue also introduces new tables (A-5 and A-17) on persons 25 years and over
by educational attainment. All subsequent tables have been renumbered sequentially.
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, January 1998
Revisions in the Current Population Survey effective January 1998
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
ii
iv
1
3
9
142
180
Statistical tables
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area....
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Not available.
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
adjusted
11
13
24
50
54
59
71
84
84
51
67
102
125
Historical
(0
130
135
135
Monthly Household Data
Historical
A - l . Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
11
12
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3.
A-4.
A-5.
A-6.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population-25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
13
14
16
17
Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex
18
19
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
20
21
22
23
23
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
24
27
28
30
31
Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
32
33
34
35
36
36
37
38
39
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
40
41
42
43
44
44
45
46
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
46
Multiple Jobholders
A-31.
Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
47
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
48
Monthly Establishment Data
Historical
B - l . Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
50
51
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
54
56
57
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
58
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
59
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B - l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry
67
68
69
70
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2.
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
71
B-l3.
Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
83
States and Areas
B-l4.
Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
84
Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5.
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
124
B - l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
125
States and Areas
102
122
123
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C - l . Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions (not available)
C-2. Labor force status by State
129
130
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
135
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
142
142
143
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H
144
144
144
146
146
148
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
162
162
162
143
150
150
151
151
152
152
153
153
153
153
153
153
154
154
154
154
155
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
165
165
165
165
165
165
166
167
167
168
168
168
168
169
169
169
172
172
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
175
175
175
175
175
175
176
Seasonal adjustment
177
176
176
176
176
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, January 1998
Employment rose substantially in January, and the unemployment rate remained at 4.7 percent. Nonfarm payroll
employment grew by 358,000, with large gains occurring in
construction and manufacturing.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 6.4 million, and
the unemployment rate, 4.7 percent, were essentially unchanged in January, after seasonal adjustment. Among the
major worker groups, the jobless rate for adult women (4.4
percent) rose by 0.4 percentage point in January, while the
rate for adult men (3.8 percent) declined to its lowest level
in nearly 20 years. Unemployment rates for teenagers (14.1
percent), whites (4.0 percent), blacks (9.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent) showed little or no change over the
month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Among the major educational attainment categories, the
jobless rate for persons 25 years and over who had not completed high school (7.2 percent) continued its year-long decline. Rates for those with higher levels of educational attainment—including high school graduates with no college
experience (3.9 percent), high school graduates with some
college experience but no bachelor's degree (3.2 percent),
and college graduates (1.9 percent)—were essentially unchanged over the month. (See table A-5.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment, as measured by the household survey,
at 131.1 million (seasonally adjusted), rose by 641,000 over
the month, after adjusting for changes in the composite estimation procedure. The employment-population ratio rose
to 64.2 percent, an all-time high. Employment-population
ratios for workers 25 years and over at all levels of educational attainment—less than a high school diploma (39.3
percent), high school graduates with no college experience
(63.0 percent), high school graduates with some college experience but no bachelor's degree (72.9 percent), and college graduates (78.7 percent)—showed little or no movement over the month. The ratio is low for persons without a
high school diploma in part because a very high proportion
are age 65 and over. (See tables A-3 and A-5.)
About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in January. These multiple jobholders comprised 6.0 percent of all employed persons, (See table A-37.)
The civilian labor force, at 137.5 million (seasonally adjusted), increased by 624,000 in January, after adjusting for
changes in the composite estimation procedure, and the labor force participation rate rose to a record 67.3 percent.
(See table A-3.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in January. These
were people who wanted and were available for work and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but
were not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for jobs specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them—was 374,000 in January, litde changed from a year
earlier. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 358,000 in January
to 124.2 million, after seasonal adjustment. Since September, payroll employment has risen by 1.4 million. Over the
month, job gains continued in most major industry groups,
with particularly strong growth in construction and manufacturing. (See table B-3.)
Construction employment rose by 92,000 in January, after seasonal adjustment. Since October, the industry has
added 184,000jobs. Several factors contributed to January's
gain: The weather was warmer than usual over much of the
country, there was considerable cleanup and repair activity
following ice storms in the Northeast, and the housing market remained strong due to low mortgage rates and the
healthy economy.
Manufacturing added 43,000 jobs in January, the fourth
month in a row with a gain of about this magnitude. Since
September, factory employment has risen by 162,000. Several durable goods industries that have made steady job gains
for more than a year continued to grow in January. These
include fabricated metals (8,000), industrial machinery
(7,000), electronic components (4,000), and aircraft (2,000).
Among nondurable goods industries, employment in rubber
and miscellaneous plastics increased by 6,000, while apparel
and textiles continued to decline.
Within the service-producing sector, employment in the
services industry rose by 89,000 in January, after 2 months
of larger gains. Employment in help supply services decreased by 16,000, following strong growth in November and
December. Since October, net job growth in this industry
has totaled 71,000. In January, health services added 14,000
jobs; large gains continued in hospitals, but nursing homes
and home health care agencies showed declines. Computer
services and engineering and management services continued their strong job growth.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by
49,000 in January, after seasonal adjustment. Light holiday
hiring in air transportation led to fewer post-holiday layoffs
than normal, resulting in a large job gain in January, after
seasonal adjustment. Employment in communications rose
by 10,000 over the month, primarily in telephone communications, where growth has accelerated since September.
Strength in both the durable and nondurable goods components of wholesale trade lead to a relatively large job gain
of 30,000 in January. Retail trade employment increased by
24,000 in January, about half the average monthly gain for
1997. Following robust holiday hiring, there were large seasonal layoffs in miscellaneous retail establishments, such as
toy stores, book stores, and catalog sales operations.
Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, employment
continued to rise in finance (12,000), with the largest in-
crease in security brokerages (5,000). Real estate added 10,000
jobs over the month. Local government employment rose by
18,000 in January, as both the education and noneducation
components continued their long-term growth. Federal Government employment continued to decline.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour in
January to 34.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.1 hour to 42.1 hours, while factory overtime was 4.9 hours for the third straight month. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased
by 0.6 percent to 143.4 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing index edged down by 0.1 percent to 109.8.
(See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased 4 cents in January to $12.51, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings
increased by 0.9 percent to $435.35. Since January 1997,
average hourly earnings have risen by 3.8 percent and average weekly earnings by 5.0 percent. (See table B-11.)
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference
month
Release date
Reference
month
Release
date
February
March 6
May
June 5
March
April 3
June
July 2
April
Mays
July
August 7
Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1998
Martha Duff, Janice Lent, Stephen M. Miller, Patrick J. Cantwell
Effective with the release of January 1998 data, BLS
implemented a new composite estimation procedure for the
Current Population Survey (CPS). The new procedure simplifies processing of the monthly labor force data, allows
optimization of compositing coefficients for different labor
force categories, and enables microdata users to develop
composite estimates more easily. This article discusses the
old and new composite estimation procedures and the
effect of the new procedure on major labor force series. The
effect of new population controls, which also were introduced in January, also is briefly discussed.
New Compositing Procedure
Overview
The national unemployment rate is among the most
closely watched economic indicators produced by the Federal statistical system. Bureau of the Census interviewers
collect data used to estimate the rate, as well as a wealth of
other labor force statistics, through the CPS, a monthly survey of about 50,000 households, sponsored by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. The target population of the CPS is the
civilian noninstitutional population of the United States. For
estimation purposes, a separate weight for each person in
the sample is computed. The base weight for a CPS sample
person—the inverse of the probability of selection—is ratio
adjusted through a sequence of weighting steps to account
for sample households not interviewed and for coverage error relative to independently derived population estimates
for specific demographic groups. After the ratio adjustments
are applied to CPS person weights, the sum of the weights
of sample persons in any one of these demographic control
groups closely approximates the independent population
estimate. These adjustments are followed by a composite
estimation step that improves the accuracy of current estimates by incorporating information gathered in previous
months, taking advantage of the fact that 75 percent of
sample households are common in each pair of consecutive
months.
Under the old procedure, composite estimation was perMartha Duflf is a mathematical statistician in the Statistical Methods Division,
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Janice Lent and Stephen M. Miller are mathematical
statisticians in the Office of Survey Methods Research, Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Patrick J. Cantwell is Chief of the Program Research and
Development Branch, Services Division, Bureau of the Census.
formed at the "macro" level. The composite estimator for
each tabulated cell was a function of aggregated weights
for sample persons contributing to that cell in current and
prior months. The different months of data were combined
using compositing coefficients. Thus microdata users needed
several months of CPS data to compute composite estimates.
To ensure consistency, the same coefficients had to be used
for all estimates. The values of the coefficients selected were
much closer to optimal for unemployment than for employment or labor force totals.
The new composite weighting method involves two steps.
The first step involves computation of composite estimates
for the main labor force categories, classified by important
demographic characteristics. The second adjusts person
weights, through a series of ratio adjustments, to agree with
the composite estimates, thus incorporating the effect of composite estimation into the person weights. Under this procedure, the sum of the "composite weights" of all sample persons in a particular labor force category equals the composite estimate of the level for that category. To produce a composite estimate for a particular month, a data user may simply access the microdata file for that month and compute a
weighted sum. The new composite weighting approach also
allows us to improve the accuracy of labor force estimates
by using different compositing coefficients for different labor force categories. The weighting adjustment method assures additivity while allowing this variation in compositing
coefficients.
Composite estimation in the CPS
The CPS employs a "four-eight-four" sample rotation
scheme. Each sample household entering the CPS remains
in sample for 4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and
then reenters for an additional 4 months—the same 4 calendar months it spent in the sample a year earlier. Eight panels or "rotation groups," approximately equal in size, make
up each monthly CPS sample. The eight rotation groups in
sample for a given month also can be considered "monthin-sample" groups: One group is in sample for the first time,
another for the second time, etc. Due to the four-eight-four
rotation pattern, six of these groups—three quarters of the
sample—continue in sample the following month and half
of the households in a given month's sample will be back in
the sample for the same calendar month 1 year later. The
sample overlap improves estimates of change over time.
Through composite estimation, the positive correlation
among CPS estimators for different months is increased. This
increase in correlation improves the accuracy of monthly
labor force estimates.
Let S = {2,3,4,6,7,8}, the set of indicators of the monthin-sample groups in the CPS sample for a given month h
that also was in sample in month h-\. The CPS ''AK" composite estimator for a labor force statistic (e.g., the number
of persons unemployed) in month h is given by
where
is the ratio estimator for month /z; based on data
from persons completing their iih monthly interview in month h\
F/j.i is the previous month's composite estimator
o ieS
O [as
J ieS
= 0.4; and
A = 0.2.
The values given above for the constant coefficients A
and K are close to optimal—with respect to variance—for
monthly estimates of unemployment level. The coefficient
K determines the weight, in the weighted average, of each
of two estimators for the current month: (1) the current
month's ratio estimator Y,^ (given a weight of l-A^ and (2)
the sum of the previous month's composite estimator and
an estimator of the change since the previous month. The
estimate of change is based on data from sample households common to months h and h-\. The coefficient A determines the weight of
, an adjustment term that reduces
both the variance of the composite estimator and the bias
associated with time in sample. (See Breau and Ernst',
Bailar.2)
Under the old methodology, the composite estimator, with
the above values of K and A, was used to produce all CPS
estimates. Optimal values of the coefficients, however, depend on the correlation structure of the characteristic to be
estimated. Research has shown, for example, that higher
values of K and A result in more reliable estimates for
' Breau, P. and Emst, L. (1983). "Alternative Estimators to the Current Composite Estimator." Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods,
American Statistical Association, 397-402.
- Bailar, B. (1975). "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from
Panel Surveys." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 23-30.
employment levels because the ratio estimators for employment are more strongly correlated across time than are those
for unemployment. But, the same coefficients were used
for all characteristics in order to ensure additivity of estimates and maintain consistency with independently derived
population estimates. The new composite weighting
approach allows variation in compositing coefficients, thus
improving the accuracy of labor force estimates, while
ensuring the additivity of estimates.
Computing composite weights
Composite weights are produced only for sample persons
age 16 or older. The CPS estimation process begins with the
computation of a "base weight" for each adult in the survey.
The base weight—the inverse of the probability of selection—is adjusted for nonresponse, and two successive stages
of ratio adjustments to population controls are applied. The
final or "second stage" raking procedure is performed independently for each of the eight sample rotation groups. This
ensures that sample weights add to independent controls for
States (51 totals, including the District of Columbia), as well
as for 9 age/sex/ethnicity groups, and 66 age/sex/race groups,
specified at the national level. The new method of computing composite weights for the CPS imitates the "second stage"
ratio adjustment: Sample person weights are raked to force
their sums to equal population totals. However, composite
labor force estimates are used in place of independent population estimates, and the raking process is performed separately within each of the three major labor force categories:
Employed, unemployed, and those not in the labor force.
Adjustment of person weights to the composite estimates
for each labor force category proceeds as follows. For simplicity, the method for estimating the number of people
unemployed (UE) is described; analogous procedures are
used to estimate the number of people employed and
the number not in the labor force. Data from all eight
rotation groups are combined for the purpose of computing
composite weights.
1.
For each State j, the direct (optimal) composite estimate of UE, comp(UEj), is computed as described
above. Similarly, direct composite estimates of UE
are computed for each age/sex/ethnicity group and each
age/sex/race group.
2.
Sample records are classified by State. Within each
State j, a simple estimate of UE, simp(UEj), is computed by adding the weights of all unemployed sample
persons in the State.
3.
Within each State j, the weight of each unemployed
sample person in the State is multiplied by the following ratio: comp(UEj) / simp(UEj).
4.
Sample records are cross-classified by age, sex, and
ethnicity. Within each cross-classification cell, a
simple estimate of UE is computed by adding the
weights of all unemployed sample persons in the cell.
Weights are adjusted within each age/sex/ethnicity cell
in a manner analogous to step 3.
6.
Steps 4 and 5 are repeated for age/sex/race cells.
7.
Steps 2-6 are repeated five more times—a total of six
iterations.
Note that, when applying this procedure to estimate the
number of people employed, different optimal coefficients
are used in step 1 to compute the direct composite estimate.
Then, for a given State, the composite estimate of the number not in the labor force is obtained as the residual from
the State population control total. The demographic group
cells are treated similarly. During computation of composite weights for persons who are unemployed, some further
collapsing of cells is needed where cells contain insufficient sample.
Optimal compositing parameters
The new method of computing composite weights allows
the assigning of different pairs of K,A compositing parameters for measuring different characteristics. The parameters
chosen are still a compromise selection since they must produce variances and biases that are acceptably small for
several types of estimates. A K,A pair that works well for
estimating a monthly level may not perform as well for
month-to-month change or annual averages. Researchers
from the BLS and Bureau of the Census selected and studied coefficients designed to meet certain optimality criteria
and selected those that were optimal with respect to variance. The (K,A) parameters selected were (.4,.3) for unemployed and (.7,.4) for employed. For a more detailed
description of the selection of compositing parameters. (See
Lent et al.^)
^ Lent, J., Miller, S., and Cantwell, P., Duff, M. (1997). "Effect of Composite Weights on Some Estimates from the Current Population Survey." Submitted; Journal of the American Statistical Association.
Differences in the estimates
Table 1, displays major labor force estimates for all
months of 1997, as published and as computed using the
new composite estimation procedure. The official estimates
for 1997 and earlier years were not revised. Generally, the
new parameters cause slight increases in unemployment estimates; the difference for total unemployment are considered to be statistically significant. The standard errors of
the unemployment estimates are essentially the same under
the old and new methods. For estimates of employment and
civilian labor force levels, the new parameters provide gains
in reliability while decreasing the estimated totals. The
average drop in the total estimated employment level is about
0.2 percent, which is statistically significant. Data users must
therefore expect a slight break in the time series for
employment and civilian labor force due to the implementation of the new composite estimator.
New Population Controls
Also effective with the release of January 1998 data,
minor revisions were introduced into the population projections that are used as population controls in CPS estimation. (CPS estimates prior to January 1998 are unaffected.)
Such revisions are periodically introduced into the CPS controls to incorporate the latest information available on population growth trends. The new population projections
reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S. and a
change in the method for projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. The revisions were generally small
compared to those experienced in recent years. The civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older was
essentially unchanged. However, there was a decrease of
about 51,000 in the Asian and Pacific Islander population
and an increase of about 57,000 in the Hispanic-origin population. Although published 1997 CPS estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population, employment, etc. would
change slighdy if they were reestimated using revised population controls, estimates of most unemployment rates and
other ratios and proportions would be unaffected.
Table 1. Labor force estimates using old and new composite weights, January-December 1997, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
January
Characteristic
Old
weights
New
weights
February
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
March
Difference
New
Old
weights weights
April
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
Difference
Civilian labor force
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
134,317
7,251
13,229
97,636
16,202
-91
134,226
7,243
-8
47
13,276
97,623
-13
16,084 -118
-92
-9
9
-11
-79
135,524
7,428
13,338
98,102
16,657
135,384
7,413
13,298
98,080
16,593
-140
-15
-40
-22
-64
135,181
7,453
13,273
97,972
16,483
135,000
7,428
13,244
97,964
16,364
-181
-25
-29
-8
-119
72,220
68,461
62,224
58,624
6
14
-97
-96
72,731
68,937
62,794
59,160
72,712
68,920
62,671
59,051
-19
-17
-123
-109
72,755
68,933
62,426
58,794
72,625
68,811
62,375
58,761
-130
-122
-51
-33
-163
-9
32
134,535 134,443
7,368
7,359
13,232 13,241
97,709 97,698
16,225 16,146
72,117
68,429
62,200
58,637
72,112
68,423
62,113
58,560
-5
-6
-87
-77
113,338
15,141
13,600
113,194
15,167
13,585
-144
26
-15
113,484 113,358
15,170 15,200
13,529 13,530
-126
30
1
114,135
15,325
13,620
113,983
15,344
13,623
-152
19
3
113,867
15,265
13,427
113,704
15,256
13,459
126,384
5,952
11,833
92,955
15,644
126,249
5,929
11,876
92,920
15,523
-135
-23
43
-35
-121
126,887 126,778
6,032
6,015
11,979 11,983
93,170 93,153
15,706 15,628
-109
-17
4
-17
-78
128,125
6,182
12,094
93,774
16,076
127,961
6,159
12,048
93,748
16,006
-164
-23
-46
-26
-70
128,629
6,285
12,156
94,174
16,014
128,414 -215
6,247
-38
12,112
-44
94,161
-13
15,893 -121
67,640
64,693
58,744
55,739
67,612
64,668
58,637
55,651
-28
-25
-107
-88
67,975
64,928
58,802
55,835
-6
5
-104
-96
68,573
65,502
59,552
56,442
68,543
65,476
59,418
56,326
-30
-26
-134
-116
69,105
65,957
59,525
56,388
68,966
65,830
59,448
56,336
-139
-127
-77
-52
107,425
13,474
12,349
107,254
13,485
12,325
-171
11
-24
107,863 107,728
13,465 13,490
12,337 12,337
-135
25
0
108,745
13,677
12,381
108,575
13,692
12,380
-170
15
-1
109,177
13,801
12,358
108,990
13,786
12,384
-187
-15
26
7,572
7,708
136
7,869
7,994
125
7,862
8,002
140
7,874
8,105
231
7,933
1,299
1,395
4,681
558
7,977
1,313
1,400
4,703
561
44
14
5
22
3
7,647
1,336
1,253
4,540
519
7,666
1,345
1,258
4,545
518
19
9
5
5
-1
7,399
1,246
1,244
4,328
581
7,423
1,254
1,251
4,332
586
24
8
7
4
5
6,551
1,169
1,117
3,797
468
6,586
1,180
1,131
3,803
472
35
11
14
6
4
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
4,477
3,736
3,457
2,898
4,501
3,755
3,476
2,909
24
19
19
11
4,233
3,523
3,415
2,788
4,244
3,533
3,421
2,788
11
10
6
0
4,158
3,435
3,241
2,718
4,169
3,444
3,254
2,725
11
9
13
7
3,650
2,976
2,901
2,406
3,659
2,981
2,927
2,425
9
5
26
19
White
Black
Hispanic origin
5,913
1,667
1,251
5,940
1,682
1,260
27
15
9
5,621
1,705
1,192
5,630
1,710
1,192
9
5
0
5,389
1,649
1,239
5,408
1,652
1,244
19
3
5
4,690
1,463
1,069
4,715
1,470
1,075
25
7
6
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
3,352
2,329
2,252
3,421
2,320
2,236
69
-9
-16
2,440
2,902
2,305
2,522
2,856
2,287
82
-46
-18
2,313
2,663
2,423
2,406
2,630
2,386
93
-33
-37
2,131
1,981
2,439
2,231
1,957
2,398
100
-24
-41
5.9
17.9
10.5
4.8
3.4
5.9
18.1
10.5
4.8
3.5
0
0.2
0
0
.1
5.7
18.1
9.5
4.6
3.2
5.7
18.3
9.5
4.7
3.2
0
0.2
0
.1
0
5.5
16.8
9.3
4.4
3.5
5.5
16.9
9.4
4.4
3.5
0
0.1
.1
0
0
4.8
15.7
8.4
3.9
2.8
4.9
15.9
8.5
3.9
2.9
0.1
.2
.1
0
.1
6.2
5.5
5.6
4.9
6.2
5.5
5.6
5.0
0
0
0
.1
5.9
5.1
5.5
4.7
5.9
5.2
5.5
4.8
0
.1
0
.1
5.7
5.0
5.2
4.6
5.7
5.0
5.2
4.6
0
0
0
0
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.1
5.0
4.3
4.7
4.1
0
0
.1
0
5.2
11.0
9.2
5.2
11.1
9.3
0
.1
.1
5.0
11.2
8.8
5.0
11.3
8.8
0
.1
0
4.7
10.8
9.1
4.7
10.8
9.1
0
0
0
4.1
9.6
8.0
4.1
9.6
8.0
0
0
0
White
Black
Hispanic origin
72,214
68,447
62,321
58,720
Employed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Multiple jobholders
67,981
64,923
58,906
55,931
Unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Unemployment rate
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Table 1. Labor force estimates using old and new composite weights, January-December 1997, not seasonally adjusted—Continued
Characteristic
Old
weights
New
weights
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
August
July
June
May
Difference
New
Old
weights weights
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
Difference
Civilian labor force
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
137,557 137,332
9,019
9,100
14,020 14,041
98,130 98,097
16,308 16,175
-225
-81
21
-33
-133
138,331
9,764
14,167
98,211
16,189
138,117
9,631
14,173
98,172
16,141
-214
-133
6
-39
-48
137,460
8,765
13,761
98,518
16,415
137,157
8,617
13,722
98,439
16,378
-303
-148
-39
-79
-37
74,130
69,419
63,202
58,894
-182
-130
-43
-14
74,674
69,614
63,656
58,952
74,481
69,512
63,636
58,974
-193
-102
-20
22
74,149
69,571
63,311
59,123
73,969
69,485
63,188
59,055
-180
-86
-123
-68
114,331 -155
-54
15,316
60
13,690
115,832 115,689
15,605 15,532
13,839 13,867
-143
-73
28
116,265
15,877
14,057
116,094
15,822
14,044
-171
-55
-13
115,365
15,953
14,028
115,149
15,871
13,999
-216
-82
-29
129,565
6,537
12,426
94,485
16,118
129,305 -260
6,494
-43
-24
12,402
-17
94,468
15,941 -177
130,463 130,217
7,372
7,288
12,832 12,848
94,447 94,399
15,812 15,682
-246
-84
16
-48
-130
131,350
8,145
13,052
94,476
15,677
131,113
8,008
13,054
94,422
15,630
-237
-137
2
-54
-47
130,865
7,554
12,654
94,777
15,882
130,544
7,405
12,613
94,680
15,846
-321
-149
-41
-97
-36
69,968
66,564
59,597
56,464
69,786 -182
66,407 -157
-78
59,519
56,404
-60
70,428
66,692
59,789
56,237
-191
-136
-54
-26
71,157
66,962
60,193
56,243
70,953
66,855
60,160
56,250
-204
-107
-33
7
70,890
67,000
59,976
56,311
70,705
66,908
59,839
56,231
-185
-92
-137
-80
110,004
13,825
12,666
109,821 -183
-52
13,773
12,724
58
110,839 110,677
13,854 13,778
12,820 12,845
-162
-76
25
111,323
14,218
12,909
111,133
14,158
12,885
-190
-60
-24
110,654
14,409
13,014
110,419
14,328
12,977
-235
-81
-37
135,963
7,832
13,564
97,974
16,592
135,727 -236
7,799
-33
13,552
-12
97,965
-9
16,412 -180
73,191
69,146
62,772
58,984
73,017 -174
68,994 -152
62,710
-62
-49
58,935
114,486
15,370
13,630
74,312
69,549
63,245
58,908
Employed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
70,619
66,828
59,843
56,263
8,197
8,502
305
8,214
8,481
267
8,053
8,252
199
7,583
7,754
171
6,398
1,296
1,139
3,489
475
6,422
1,305
1,150
3,497
471
24
9
11
8
-4
7,094
1,728
1,188
3,683
495
7,116
1,731
1,194
3,698
493
22
3
6
15
-2
6,981
1,620
1,115
3,735
511
7,004
1,623
1,120
3,750
511
23
3
5
15
0
6,594
1,212
1,108
3,741
534
6,612
1,211
1,110
3,759
532
18
-1
2
18
-2
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
3,223
2,582
3,175
2,520
3,231
2,586
3,191
2,531
8
4
16
11
3,693
2,721
3,401
2,645
3,703
2,728
3,413
2,657
10
7
12
12
3,517
2,653
3,463
2,708
3,528
2,657
3,476
2,723
11
4
13
15
3,259
2,571
3,335
2,811
3,264
2,577
3,348
2,824
5
6
13
13
White
Black
Hispanic origin
4,481
1,545
964
4,510
1,543
967
29
-2
3
4,994
1,751
1,019
5,013
1,754
1,023
19
3
4
4,942
1,659
1,149
4,961
1,664
1,159
19
5
10
4,711
1,544
1,014
4,730
1,543
1,021
19
-1
7
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
2,535
1,691
2,172
2,650
1,677
2,095
115
-14
-77
3,210
1,895
1,989
3,352
1,858
1,905
142
-37
-84
2,643
2,284
2,053
2,750
2,271
1,983
107
-13
-70
2,409
2,322
1,863
2,519
2,279
1,813
110
-43
-50
4.7
16.5
8.4
3.6
2.9
4.7
16.7
8.5
3.6
2.9
0
0.2
.1
0
0
5.2
19.0
8.5
3.8
3.0
5.2
19.2
8.5
3.8
3.1
0
0.2
0
0
.1
5.0
16.6
7.9
3.8
3.2
5.1
16.9
7.9
3.8
3.2
0.1
.3
0
0
0
4.8
13.8
8.0
3.8
3.3
4.8
14.1
8.1
3.8
3.2
0
0.3
.1
0
-.1
4.4
3.7
5.1
4.3
4.4
3.7
5.1
4.3
0
0
0
0
5.0
3.9
5.4
4.5
5.0
3.9
5.4
4.5
0
0
0
0
4.7
3.8
5.4
4.6
4.7
3.8
5.5
4.6
0
0
.1
0
4.4
3.7
5.3
4.8
4.4
3.7
5.3
4.8
0
0
0
0
3.9
10.0
7.1
3.9
10.1
7.1
0
.1
0
4.3
11.2
7.4
4.3
11.3
7.4
0
.1
0
4.3
10.4
8.2
4.3
10.5
8.3
0
.1
.1
4.1
9.7
7.2
4.1
9.7
7.3
0
0
.1
Multiple jobholders
Unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Unemployment rate
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Table 1. Labor force estimates using old and new composite weights, January-December 1997, not seasonally adjusted^Continued
October
September
Characteristic
Old
weights
New
weights
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
November
Difference
Old
New
weights weights
December
DifferOld
ence weights
New
weights
Difference
Civilian labor force
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
136,375
7,466
13,395
98,887
16,627
136,074 -301
7,337 -129
-29
13,366
-80
98,807
-63
16,564
136,665 136,329
7,443
7,528
13,401 13,339
98,890 98,811
16,846 16,736
-336
-85
-62
-79
-110
136,912
7,670
13,499
98,671
17,072
136,588
7,618
13,435
98,638
16,897
-324
-52
-64
-33
-175
136,742
7,558
13,505
98,664
17,015
136,443
7,542
13,474
98,618
16,810
-299
-16
-31
-46
-205
73,271
69,328
63,058
59,558
-74
-33
-263
-219
73,426
69,455
63,486
59,787
73,308
69,368
63,280
59,602
-118
-87
-206
-185
73,153
69,350
63,589
59,834
73,025
69,226
63,418
59,675
-128
-124
-171
-159
73,345
69,361
63,321
59,777
73,068
69,204
63,307
59,705
72,946
69,161
63,128
59,576
-122
-43
-179
-129
114,614
15,706
13,864
114,365
15,651
13,833
-249
-55
-31
114,963 114,707
15,624 15,538
14,002 13,986
-256
-86
-16
115,098
15,627
13,964
114,810
15,604
13,942
-288
-23
-22
114,867
15,685
13,986
114,575
15,669
13,979
-292
-16
-7
129,972
6,285
12,293
95,258
16,135
129,645 -327
6,151 -134
12,261
-32
95,163
-95
16,070
-65
130,671 130,310
6,419
6,337
12,345 12,275
95,494 95,397
16,412 16,301
-361
-82
-70
-97
-111
130,999
6,552
12,431
95,398
16,618
130,639
6,489
12,360
95,345
16,445
-360
-63
-71
-53
-173
130,785
6,614
12,461
95,122
16,588
130,452
6,582
12,427
95,064
16,379
-333
-32
-34
-58
-209
70,127
66,804
60,183
57,169
-88
-51
-273
-228
70,328
66,951
60,670
57,495
70,192
66,849
60,447
57,302
-136
-102
-223
-193
69,849
66,524
60,936
57,647
69,704
66,391
60,748
57,479
-145
-133
-188
-168
110,653 110,387
14,208 14,112
12,953 12,935
-266
-96
-18
110,913
14,232
13,050
110,602
14,198
13,024
-311
-34
-26
110,662
14,248
12,998
110,339
14,230
12,977
-323
-18
-21
Employed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
70,215
66,855
60,456
57,397
69,890
66,648
60,082
57,038
69,753
66,591
59,892
56,903
-137
-57
-190
-135
110,018
14,220
12,882
109,753
14,156
12,844
-265
-64
-38
7,838
8,031
193
8,139
8,332
193
8,156
8,428
272
8,108
8,379
271
6,403
1,181
1,102
3,628
492
6,429
1,186
1,105
3,644
494
26
5
3
16
2
5,995
1,108
1,057
3,396
433
6,019
1,107
1,064
3,414
434
24
-1
7
18
1
5,914
1,118
1,068
3,273
454
5,949
1,129
1,075
3,293
452
35
11
7
20
-2
5,957
944
1,044
3,542
427
5,991
959
1,047
3,554
431
34
15
3
12
4
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
3,178
2,556
3,225
2,666
3,193
2,570
3,236
2,673
15
14
11
7
3,130
2,506
2,865
2,380
3,144
2,523
2,875
2,389
14
17
10
9
3,098
2,504
2,816
2,292
3,115
2,520
2,833
2,300
17
16
17
8
3,304
2,826
2,653
2,187
3,321
2,835
2,670
2,196
17
9
17
9
White
Black
Hispanic origin
4,596
1,487
982
4,611
1,495
989
15
8
7
4,309
1,416
1,049
4,320
1,427
1,051
11
11
2
4,186
1,395
914
4,208
1,406
918
22
11
4
4,205
1,437
987
4,235
1,438
1,002
30
1
15
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
2,525
1,896
1,982
2,629
1,885
1,915
104
-11
-67
2,362
1,802
1,830
2,457
1,781
1,781
95
-21
-49
2,295
1,943
1,675
2,409
1,922
1,618
114
-21
-57
2,243
1,949
1,765
2,327
1,950
1,713
84
1
-52
4.7
15.8
8.2
3.7
3.0
4.7
16.2
8.3
3.7
3.0
0
0.4
.1
0
0
4.4
14.7
7.9
3.4
2.6
4.4
14.9
8.0
3.5
2.6
0
0.2
.1
.1
0
4.3
14.6
7.9
3.3
2.7
4.4
14.8
8.0
3.3
2.7
0.1
.2
.1
0
0
4.4
12.5
7.7
3.6
2.5
4.4
12.7
7.8
3.6
2.6
0
0.2
.1
0
.1
Men 16 vears and over
20 years and over
Women 16 vears and over
20 years and over
4.3
3.7
5.1
4.5
4.4
3.7
5.1
4.5
.1
0
0
0
4.3
3.6
4.5
4.0
4.3
3.6
4.6
4.0
0
0
.1
0
4.2
3.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
3.6
4.5
3.9
0
0
.1
.1
4.5
4.1
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.1
4.2
3.7
0
0
0
0
White
Black
Hispanic origin
4.0
9.5
7.1
4.0
9.6
7.1
0
.1
0
3.7
9.1
7.5
3.8
9.2
7.5
.1
.1
0
3.6
8.9
6.5
3.7
9.0
6.6
.1
.1
.1
3.7
9.2
7.1
3.7
9.2
7.2
0
0
.1
Men, 16 years and over
20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
20 years and over
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Multiple jobholders
Unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Unemployment rate
Total 16 vears and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Detail may not sum
to totals due to rounding.
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Category
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Aug.
July
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
203,570
136,439
67.0
129,761
63.7
6,678
67,131
203,767
136,406
66.9
129,910
63.8
6,496
67,361
203,941
136,864
67.1
130,575
64.0
6,289
67,077
204,098
137,169
67.2
130,777
64.1
6,392
66,929
204,238
137,493
67.3
131,083
64.2
6,409
66,745
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.2
9.6
7.6
4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.1
9.6
7.8
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
3.9
9.9
7.5
4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.0
9.3
6.9
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force
202,285
135,729
67.1
128,541
63.5
7,188
66,556
202,389
135,689
67.0
128,515
63.5
7,174
66,700
202,513
136,115
67.2
129,035
63.7
7,080
66,398
202,674
136,043
67.1
129,275
63.8
6,768
66,631
202,832
136,060
67.1
129,494
63.8
6,566
66,772
203,000
136,206
67.1
129,392
63.7
6,814
66,794
203,166
136,294
67.1
129,661
63.8
6,633
66,872
203,364
136,404
67.1
129,747
63.8
6,657
66,960
Unemployment rates
All workers
Men, 2 0 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE:
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.9
4.5
10.7
8.2
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.3
4.5
11.0
8.1
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
4.4
10.5
8.3
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.2
9.9
8.0
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
4.1
10.3
7.6
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.3
10.3
7.7
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.2
9.6
7.9
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.2
9.5
7.3
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
122,492
102,688
24,765
573
5,637
18,555
97,727
6,289
6,675
22,189
7,068
35,702
19,804
122,792
103,078
24,771
576
5,642
18,553
98,021
6,473
6,687
22,215
7,082
35,850
19,714
123,083
103,334
24,814
574
5,650
18,590
98,269
6,497
6,712
22,258
7,108
35,945
19,749
123,512
103,749
24,888
572
5,682
18,634
98,624
6,495
6,729
22,403
7,132
36,102
19,763
123,867
104,095
24,988
574
5,742
18,672
98,879
6,470
6,746
22,472
7,154
36,265
19,772
124,225
104,444
25,123
574
5,834
18,715
99,102
6,519
6,776
22,496
7,176
36,354
19,781
300
390
6
3
5
-2
294
184
12
26
14
148
-90
291
256
43
-2
8
37
248
24
25
43
26
95
35
429
415
74
-2
32
44
355
-2
17
145
24
157
14
355
346
100
2
60
38
255
-25
17
69
22
163
9
358
349
135
0
92
43
223
49
30
24
22
89
9
34.5
41.9
4.7
34.5
42.0
4.8
34.8
42.1
4.9
34.6
42.2
4.9
34.8
42.1
4.9
July
June
Emptoyment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportatbn and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
120,909
101,380
24,581
574
5,542
18,465
96,328
6,351
6,570
21,917
6,971
34,990
19,529
121,162
101,615
24,653
574
5,604
18,475
96,509
6,376
6,593
21,922
6,980
35,091
19,547
121,344
101,799
24,670
572
5,609
18,489
96,674
6,405
6,611
21,945
6,992
35,176
19,545
121,671
102,092
24,667
573
5,599
18,495
97,004
6,421
6,622
22,029
7,019
35,334
19,579
121,834
102,269
24,702
576
5,628
18,498
97,132
6,431
6,630
22,026
7,029
35,451
19,565
122,056
102,417
24,714
574
5,622
18,518
97,342
6,434
6,634
22,079
7,034
35,522
19,639
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transporlatran and put)lic utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
250
235
41
3
21
17
209
63
11
5
9
106
15
253
235
72
0
62
10
181
25
23
5
9
101
18
182
184
17
-2
5
14
165
29
18
23
12
85
-2
327
293
-3
1
-10
6
330
16
11
84
27
158
34
163
177
35
3
29
3
128
10
8
-3
10
117
-14
222
148
12
-2
-6
20
210
3
4
53
5
71
74
122,440
102,721
24,713
574
5,625
18,514
97,727
6,443
6,664
22,159
7,058
35,684
19,719
Over-the-month change
384
304
-1
0
3
-4
385
9
30
80
24
162
80
52
-33
52
-1
12
41
0
-154
11
30
10
18
85
Hours of work'
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.8
41.9
4.7
34.8
42.1
4.9
34.5
42.1
4.9
34.5
42.0
4.8
34.6
41.8
4.6
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.6
41.8
4.7
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours ( 1 9 8 2 - 1 0 0 ) '
Total private
Manufacturing
138.2
107.4
140.0
107.9
140.2
108.3
139.6
108.5
140.0
108.3
140.6
107.8
140.2
107.8
140.8
108.1
140.9
108.3
141.2
108.7
142.9
109.4
142.5
109.9
143.4
109.8
$12.31
7.56
425.93
$12.35
7.56
426.08
$12.40
7.58
427.80
$12.48
7.62
434.30
$12.47
7.61
431.46
$12.51
N.A.
435.35
Earnings'
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars^
Average weekly earnings, total private
$12.05
7.46
414.52
$12.10
7.47
421.08
$12.14
7.49
422.47
$12.14
7.49
418.83
' Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
2 The Consumer Price index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
$12.19
7.52
420.56
$1223
7.54
423.16
$12.24
7.53
421.06
N.A. - not available.
p - preliminary,
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1994-98
Thousands
126,000
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. These
changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970
1971
19721
I973I
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978^
1979
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
19901
1991
1992
1993
I994I
1995
1996
I997I
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^
1997:
January
February . . . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December ,,
1998:
January^
202,285
202,389
202,513
202,674
202,832
203,000
203,166
203,364
203,570
203,767
203,941
204,098
135,729
135,689
136,115
136,043
136,060
136,206
136,294
136,404
136,439
136,406
136,864
137,169
67.1
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2
128,541
128,515
129,035
129,275
129,494
129,392
129,661
129,747
129,761
129,910
130,575
130,777
63.5
63.5
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.1
3,453
3,340
3,387
3,462
3,418
3,389
3,452
3,379
3,422
3,327
3,384
3,385
125,088
125,175
125,648
125,813
126,076
126,003
126,209
126,368
126,339
126,583
127,191
127,392
7,188
7,174
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
66,556
66,700
66,398
66,631
66,772
66,794
66,872
66,960
67,131
67,361
67,077
66,929
204,238
137,493
67.3
131,083
64.2
3,319
127,764
6,409
4.7
66,745
^ Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite
estimation procedures and revisions in the population controls used in the
household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of
this publication.
Civilian labor force
Sex. year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1986^
1987
1988
1989
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
20,376
20.692
20,930
20,923
1990^
1991
1992
1993
1994^
1995
1996
I997I
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
69.011
69.168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
65,104
64,223
64.440
65.349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
2,546
2,589
2.575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
21,367
22.110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
2,612
2,521
2,577
2,641
2,610
2,583
2,572
2,504
2,552
2,468
2.503
2,497
66.597
66.727
66,838
66,924
67,155
67,003
67,139
67.244
67,104
67,317
67,849
67,698
3,843
3,753
3,749
3,619
3,324
3.639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
24,212
24,319
24,223
24,290
24,470
24,424
24,515
24,573
24,754
24,739
24,459
24.563
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
97.264
97.320
97,387
97,474
97,559
97,649
97.733
97.838
97.946
98.050
98.141
98.225
73,052
73,001
73,164
73,184
73.089
73,225
73,218
73,265
73,192
73,311
73,682
73,662
75.1
75.0
75.1
75.1
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.7
74.8
75.1
75.0
69,209
69,248
69,415
69,565
69,765
69,586
69,711
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195
71.2
71.2
71.3
71.4
71.5
71.3
71.3
71.3
71.1
71.2
71.7
71.5
1998:
January^
98.241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
Annual averages
WOMEN
1986^
1987
1988
1989
94.789
95,853
96,756
97,630
52,413
53,658
54.742
56,030
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
652
666
676
687
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
1990^
1991
1992
1993
I994I
1995
1996
I997I
98.787
99.646
100.535
101.506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60.239
60,944
61,857
63,036
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
53.011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55.755
56,642
57,630
59,026
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
105,022
105,068
105,127
105,200
105,274
105,351
105,433
105,527
105,623
105,718
105,799
105,873
62,677
62,688
62,951
62,859
62,971
62.981
63.076
63,139
63,247
63,095
63,182
63,507
59.7
59.7
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.7
59.7
60.0
59,332
59,267
59,620
59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582
56.5
56.4
56.7
56.8
56.7
56.8
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2
841
819
810
821
808
806
880
875
870
859
881
888
58,491
58,448
58,810
58,889
58,921
59,000
59.070
59.124
59,235
59,266
59,342
59,694
3,345
3,421
3,331
3.149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
42,345
42,380
42,176
42,341
42,303
42,370
42,357
42,388
42,376
42,623
42,617
42,366
1998:
January^
105,997
63,641
60.0
60,565
57.1
856
59,709
3,076
4.8
42,356
^ Not strictly comparable with prior years.
For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and
earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and
revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998' in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.
crTipiuyirierii
sex, and age
1998
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 202,285 202,389 202,513 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238
135,729 135,689 136,115 136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493
Civilian labor force
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.3
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.0
Percent of population
128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083
Employed
64.1
63.7
64.0
64.2
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.5
63.5
Employment-population ratio
6,657
6,289
6,392
6,814
6,678
6,496
6,409
6,633
6,566
7,080
6,768
7,174
7,188
Unemployed
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.3
5.3
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 97,264
73,052
Civilian labor force
75.1
Percent of population
69,209
Employed
71.2
Employment-population ratio
2,612
Agriculture
66,597
Nonagricultural Industries
3,843
Unemployed
5.3
Unemployment rate
24,212
Not in labor force
97,320
73,001
75.0
69,248
71.2
2,521
66,727
3,753
5.1
24,319
97,387
73,164
75.1
69,415
71.3
2,577
66,838
3,749
5.1
24,223
97,474
73,184
75.1
69,565
71.4
2,641
66,924
3,619
4.9
24,290
97,559
73,089
74.9
69,765
71.5
2,610
67,155
3,324
4.5
24,470
97,649
73,225
75.0
69,586
71.3
2,583
67,003
3,639
5.0
24,424
97,733
73,218
74.9
69,711
71.3
2,572
67,139
3,507
4.8
24,515
97,838
73,265
74.9
69,748
71.3
2,504
67,244
3,517
4.8
24,573
97,946
73,192
74.7
69,656
71.1
2,552
67,104
3,536
4.8
24,754
98,050
73,311
74.8
69,785
71.2
2,468
67,317
3,526
4.8
24,739
98,141
73,682
75.1
70,352
71.7
2,503
67,849
3,330
4.5
24,459
98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563
98,241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^.. 89,446
68,949
Civilian labor force
77.1
Percent of population
65,856
Employed
73.6
Employment-population ratio
2,369
Agriculture
63,487
Nonagricultural industries
3,093
Unemployed
4.5
Unemployment rate
20,497
Not in labor force
89,556
68,872
76.9
65,860
73.5
2,313
63,547
3,012
4.4
20,684
89,604
69,040
77.1
66,031
73.7
2,357
63,674
3,009
4.4
20,564
89,680
69,107
77.1
66,198
73.8
2,411
63,787
2,909
4.2
20,573
89,766
68,990
76.9
66,309
73.9
2,402
63,907
2,681
3.9
20,776
89,829
69,157
77.0
66,258
73.8
2,398
63,860
2,899
4.2
20,672
89,888
69,171
77.0
66,361
73.8
2,390
63,971
2,810
4.1
20,717
89,982
69,198
76.9
66,386
73.8
2,311
64,075
2,812
4.1
20,784
90,068
69,136
76.8
66,298
73.6
2,383
63,915
2,838
4.1
20,932
90,140
69,193
76.8
66,337
73.6
2,298
64,039
2,856
4.1
20,947
90,251
69,500
77.0
66,824
74.0
2,323
64,501
2,676
3.9
20,751
90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778
90,391
69,652
77.1
67,008
74.1
2,282
64,726
2,644
3.8
20,738
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 105,022 105,068 105,127 105,200 105,274 105,351 105,433 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 105,873 105,997
62,677 62,688 62,951 62,859 62,971 62,981 63,076 63,139 63,247 63,095 63,182 63,507 63,641
Civilian labor force
59.7
59.8
59.9
59.7
60.0
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
60.0
59.7
59.7
59.8
Percent of population
60,105 60,125 60,223 60,582
60,565
59,267 59,620 59,710 59,729 59,806 59,950 59,999
59,332
Employed
56.9
57.2
57.1
56.7
56.8
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.4
56.7
56.9
56.8
56.5
Employment-population ratio
881
875
870
859
888
856
810
821
808
806
880
841
819
Agriculture
59,124
59,342
59,694
59,000
59,235
58,921
59,070
59,266
59,709
58,448 58,810 58,889
58,491
Nonagricultural industries
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,076
3,331
3,149
3,345
3,421
Unemployed
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.5
5.1
5.3
Unemployment rate
42,176 42,341 42,303 42,370 42,357 42,388 42,376 42,623 42,617 42,366 42,356
42,380
42,345
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 97,520
58,832
Civilian labor force
60.3
Percent of population
56,078
Employed
57.5
Employment-population ratio
787
Agriculture
55,291
Nonagricultural industries
2,754
Unemployed
4.7
Unemployment rate
38,688
Not in labor force
97,571
58,791
60.3
56,021
57.4
774
55,247
2,770
4.7
38,780
97,638
59,070
60.5
56,322
57.7
752
55,570
2,748
4.7
38,568
97,685
58,975
60.4
56,357
57.7
775
55,582
2,618
4.4
38,710
97,767
59,129
60.5
56,488
57.8
760
55,728
2,641
4.5
38,638
97,834
59,195
60.5
56,575
57.8
755
55,820
2,620
4.4
38,639
97,919
59,232
60.5
56,693
57.9
831
55,862
2,539
4.3
38,687
98,000
59,362
60.6
56,789
57.9
824
55,965
2,573
4.3
38,638
98,082
59,432
60.6
56,883
58.0
826
56,057
2,549
4.3
38,650
98,144
59,338
60.5
56,919
58.0
814
56,105
2,419
4.1
38,806
98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,864
98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676
98,420
59,652
60.6
57,040
58.0
811
56,??9
2,612
4.4
38,768
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional populationi ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15,261
8,026
52.6
6,634
43.5
253
6,381
1,392
17.3
7,235
15,271
8,005
52.4
6,682
43.8
278
6,404
1,323
16.5
7,266
15,309
7,961
52.0
6,720
43.9
276
6,444
1,241
15.6
7,348
15,300
7,941
51.9
6,697
43.8
256
6,441
1,244
15.7
7,359
15,336
7,854
51.2
6,559
42.8
236
6,323
1,295
16.5
7,482
15,359
7,891
51.4
6,607
43.0
231
6,376
1,284
16.3
7,468
15,382
7,844
51.0
6,572
42.7
244
6,328
1,272
16.2
7,538
15,420
7,871
51.0
6,580
42.7
213
6,367
1,291
16.4
7,549
15,483
7,875
50.9
6,654
43.0
215
6,439
1,221
15.5
7,608
15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570
1,218
15.2
7,462
15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475
15,427
8,189
53.1
7,035
45.6
227
6,809
1,154
14.1
7,238
15,318
7,948
51.9
6,607
43.1
297
6,310
1,341
16.9
7,370
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1998
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population"' . 169,436 169,492 169,569 169,675 169,782 169,897 170,010 170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 170,649 170,810
114,311 114,326 114,597 114,567 114,562 114,659 114,622 114,669 114,758 114,784 115,073 115,263 115,253
Civilian labor force
67.4
67.4
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.6
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
Percent of population
109,154 109,211 109,528 109,721 109,906 109,779 109,851 109,832 109,904 110,063 110,604 110,729 110,698
Employed
64.6
64.9
64.8
64.7
64.7
64.6
64.6
64.5
64.6
64.9
64.4
64.4
64.6
Employment-population ratio
4,837
4,854
4,534
4,771
4,721
4,469
4,555
4,880
4,846
4,656
5,115
5,069
5,157
Unemployed
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.5
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
58,999
77.6
56,681
74.5
2,318
3.9
58,961
77.5
56,713
74.6
2,248
3.8
59,083
77.6
56,867
74.7
2,216
3.8
59,123
77.6
56,976
74.8
2,147
3.6
59,001
77.4
57,033
74.8
1,968
3.3
59,086
77.5
56,967
74.7
2,119
3.6
59,096
77.4
57,011
74.7
2,085
3.5
59,118
77.4
57,011
74.6
2,107
3.6
59,110
77.3
56,989
74.5
2,121
3.6
59,098
77.2
56,966
74.4
2,132
3.6
59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4
59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6
59,262
77.3
57,336
74.8
1,926
3.3
48,626
59.8
46,731
57.5
1,895
3.9
48,625
59.8
46,743
57.5
1,882
3.9
48,793
60.0
46,885
57.6
1,908
3.9
48,686
59.8
46,896
57.6
1,790
3.7
48,845
60.0
47,022
57.8
1,823
3.7
48,877
60.0
47,077
57.8
1,800
3.7
48,790
59.9
47,072
57.8
1,718
3.5
48,910
60.0
47,122
57.8
1,788
3.7
48,955
60.0
47,165
57.8
1,790
3.7
48,976
60.0
47,284
57.9
1,692
3.5
48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4
49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4
49,077
60.0
47,250
57.7
1,827
3.7
6,686
55.1
5,742
47.4
944
14.1
15.1
13.1
6,740
55.6
5,755
47.5
985
14.6
14.8
14.4
6,721
55.4
5,776
47.6
945
14.1
15.1
13.0
6,758
55.7
5,849
48.2
909
13.5
14.6
12.2
6,716
55.3
5,851
48.2
865
12.9
13.0
12.7
6,696
55.0
5,735
47.1
961
14.4
15.8
12.8
6,736
55.3
5,768
47.3
968
14.4
15.0
13.7
6,641
54.4
5,699
46.7
942
14.2
15.1
13.1
6,693
54.8
5,750
47.0
943
14.1
14.4
13.7
6,710
54.9
5,813
47.5
897
13.4
14.3
12.3
6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6
6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1
6,914
56.3
6,113
49.8
802
11.6
14.2
8.8
23,847
15,380
64.5
13,736
57.6
1,644
10.7
23,872
15,420
64.6
13,722
57.5
1,698
11.0
23,895
15,438
64.6
13,816
57.8
1,622
10.5
23,923
15,389
64.3
13,864
58.0
1,525
9.9
23,950
15,424
64.4
13,837
57.8
1,587
10.3
23,978
15,426
64.3
13,836
57.7
1,590
10.3
24,006
15,524
64.7
14,040
58.5
1,484
9.6
24,043
15,728
65.4
14,237
59.2
1,491
9.5
24,081
15,691
65.2
14,180
58.9
1,511
9.6
24,117
15,555
64.5
14,067
58.3
1,488
9.6
24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7
24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
9.9
24,196
15,788
65.3
14,316
59.2
1,472
9.3
6,839
71.9
6,225
65.5
614
9.0
6,794
71.3
6,194
65.0
600
8.8
6,823
71.8
6,214
65.4
609
8.9
6,832
71.7
6,256
65.7
576
8.4
6,851
71.7
6,273
65.7
578
8.4
6,925
72.4
6,305
65.9
620
9.0
6,946
72.5
6,371
66.5
575
8.3
7,035
73.3
6,480
67.5
555
7.9
6,978
72.6
6,424
66.8
554
7.9
6,945
72.3
6,367
66.3
578
8.3
6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8
6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6
7,012
72.6
6,456
66.9
556
7.9
7,580
63.5
6,878
57.6
702
9.3
7,635
63.9
6,870
57.5
765
10.0
7,636
63.8
6,937
58.0
699
9.2
7,641
63.8
6,984
58.3
657
8.6
7,671
63.9
6,968
58.1
703
9.2
7,617
63.5
6,932
57.8
685
9.0
7,691
64.1
7,048
58.7
643
8.4
7,771
64.6
7,115
59.1
656
8.4
7,790
64.6
7,135
59.2
655
8.4
7,680
63.6
7,044
58.3
636
8.3
7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4
7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1
7,799
64.3
7,178
59.2
621
8.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population""
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Ur^employed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1998
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
961
40.1
633
26.4
328
34.1
40.9
27.7
991
41.4
658
27.5
333
33.6
36.8
30.4
979
40.4
665
27.4
314
32.1
40.5
24.6
916
37.9
624
25.8
292
31.9
37.7
26.3
902
37.5
596
24.8
306
33.9
34.5
33.3
884
36.5
599
24.7
285
32.2
39.1
25.5
887
36.7
621
25.7
266
30.0
34.6
25.9
922
38.3
642
26.6
280
30.4
33.9
27.2
923
38.3
621
25.8
302
32.7
37.6
28.6
930
38.2
656
26.9
274
29.5
30.1
28.8
942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9
961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1
977
40.5
683
28.3
294
30.1
31.8
28.5
Civilian noninstitutional population"" .. 20,013
13,669
Civilian labor force
68.3
Percent of population
12,554
Employed
62.7
Employment-population ratio
1,115
Unemployed
8.2
Unemployment rate
20,067
13,634
67.9
12,529
62.4
1,105
8.1
20,119
13,666
67.9
12,533
62.3
1,133
8.3
20,180
13,601
67.4
12,514
62.0
1,087
8.0
20,236
13,760
68.0
12,713
62.8
1,047
7.6
20,293
13,814
68.1
12,751
62.8
1,063
7.7
20,351
13,861
68.1
12,772
62.8
1,089
7.9
20,407
13,886
68.0
12,867
63.1
1,019
7.3
20,464
13,861
67.7
12,807
62.6
1,054
7.6
20,519
13,896
67.7
12,806
62.4
1,090
7.8
20,575
13,880
67.5
12,921
62.8
959
6.9
20,629
13,973
67.7
12,921
62.6
1,052
7.5
20,741
13,954
67.3
12,988
62.6
966
6.9
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
HISPANIC ORIGIN
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers In thousands)
1998
1997
Educational attainment
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30,477 30,140 30,190 30,086 30,198 29,924 29,288 29,314 29,350 29,046 29,505 29,566 29,981
12,666 12,530 12,629 12,543 12,590 12,608 12,554 12,534 12,555 12,468 12,511 12,555 12,682
42.4
41.7
42.9
42.8
42.8
42.9
42.3
41.8
41.7
42.1
42.5
41.6
41.6
11,533 11,433 11,572 11,513 11,556 11,575 11,579 11,573 11,548 11,502 11,575 11,606 11,771
39.2
39.5
38.3
38.7
39.5
39.3
39.6
39.3
39.3
38.3
38.3
37.8
37.9
1,007
975
961
966
936
911
949
1,133 1,097 1,057 1,030 1,034 1,033
7.7
7.7
8.4
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
7.6
8.8
8.9
High school graduates, no college^
Civilian noninstitutional population''
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
57,422 57,172 57,148 57,239 57,392 57,643 57,581 57,607 57,483 57,459 57,310 57,631 57,606
37,832 37,778 37,776 37,687 37,669 37,826 37,987 37,842 37,585 37,759 37,641 37,827 37,787
65.7
65.4
65.7
65.7
65.6
65.6
66.0
65.6
65.8
65.6
66.1
66.1
65.9
36,157 36,075 36,115 36,098 36,097 36,174 36,382 36,225 36,003 36,179 36,193 36,287 36,303
63.2
63.2
62.9
62.6
63.0
63.0
63.0
63.2
62.9
62.8
63.1
63.1
63.0
1,582 1,580 1,448 1,540 1,485
1,675 1,703 1,661 1,589 1,572 1,652 1,605 1,617
4.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.5
Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
41,145 41,699 41,675 41,528 41,648 41,747 42,322 42,401 42,075 42,613 42,417 42,085 41,718
31,229 31,240 31,306 31,192 31,279 31,333 31,227 31,445 31,401 31,328 31,544 31,506 31,440
74.4
74.2
75.4
73.8
73.5
74.9
74.9
75.1
75.1
75.1
74.6
75.9
75.1
30,125 30,153 30,179 30,153 30,342 30,316 30,239 30,438 30,382 30,410 30,574 30,484 30,429
71.4
71.8
71.4
72.4
72.4
72.6
72.2
72.1
72.9
72.3
72.6
72.9
73.2
1,007
937 1,017
918
988
1,019
970 1,022
1,011
1,104 1,087 1,127 1,039
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.5
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40,447 40,682 40,874 41,099 40,909 40,955 41,171 41,232 41,769 41,696 41,739 41,822 41,974
32,558 32,604 32,817 33,135 32,971 33,036 33,159 33,290 33,577 33,510 33,505 33,678 33,685
80.7
80.4
80.7
80.4
80.3
80.5
80.3
80.5
80.1
80.3
80.6
80.6
80.5
31,868 31,919 32,138 32,477 32,265 32,356 32,474 32,592 32,891 32,868 32,916 33,083 33,040
79.0
78.7
78.8
78.9
78.7
79.0
79.1
78.9
78.9
78.5
78.6
79.0
78.8
642
698
589
595
645
706
680
685
686
679
690
685
658
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.1
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.0
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1997
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
May
1998
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
105,116 105,111 105,631 105,862 106,095 106,343 106,548 106,672 106,926 106,824 107,491 107,452 107,777
61,620 61,813 61,728 62,055 62,160 62,245 62,332 62,376 62,487 62,439 63,014 62,829 62,909
60,397 60,589 60,423 60,767 60,863 60,976 61,038 61,101 61,197 61,142 61,672 61,505 61,652
43,420 43,243 43,867 43,778 43,912 44,146 44,304 44,375 44,436 44,369 44,452 44,589 44,741
42,578 42,375 42,952 42,943 43,085 43,281 43,364 43,468 43,518 43,479 43,546 43,691 43,856
2,147
2,086
2,146
2,211
2,203
2,147
2,256
2,152
2,103
2,273
2,256
2,268
2,141
23,458
7,474
5,393
15,943
13,584
4,481
23,281
7,333
5,150
15,947
13,610
4,521
23,411
7,640
5,532
15,802
13,369
4,510
23,322
7,439
5,378
15,899
13,405
4,539
23,327
7,487
5,326
15,816
13,400
4,601
22,987
7,323
5,260
15,689
13,280
4,447
23,016
7,375
5,323
15,628
13,290
4,403
23,061
7,436
5,355
15,623
13,291
4,415
23,004
7,348
5.278
15,652
13,366
4,360
23,163
7,401
5,255
15,766
13,432
4,476
23,244
7,432
5,226
15,802
13,447
4,571
23,422
7,459
5,257
16,014
13,559
4,606
23,373
7,469
5,273
15,833
13,258
4,842
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,774
3,197
2,829
2,522
2,229
716
5,662
3,099
2,759
2,521
2,226
677
5,670
3,110
2,746
2,521
2,262
662
5,375
2,986
2,651
2,410
2,140
584
5,300
2,855
2,487
2,472
2,162
651
5,480
3,164
2,669
2,395
2,125
686
5,329
2,961
2,585
2,344
2,102
642
5,305
2,958
2,568
2,369
2,116
621
5,309
2,984
2,571
2,361
2,069
669
5,215
2,991
2,600
2,254
1,979
636
4,987
2,834
2,466
2,205
1,905
616
5,203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600
5,075
2,645
2,438
2,296
2,102
536
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,415
592
261
809
520
634
1,463
582
249
903
541
673
1,411
585
259
805
483
669
1,394
639
256
768
486
652
1,303
519
193
788
496
614
1,296
542
227
772
474
595
1,305
558
219
766
445
641
1,346
577
233
752
459
654
1,328
561
245
751
458
625
1,288
570
263
705
440
585
1,329
551
226
779
499
604
1,238
502
220
753
462
556
1,339
549
206
760
505
627
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.2
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.0
25.1
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.0
24.0
5.1
4.8
4.3
5.4
5.0
22.7
4.8
4.6
4.2
5.2
4.7
21.3
4.8
4.4
3.9
5.3
4.8
23.3
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.7
24.7
4.8
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.6
23.0
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
22.8
4.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.5
23.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.4
22.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0
4.5
4.0
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.1
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.7
7.3
4.6
4.8
3.7
12.4
5.9
7.4
4.6
5.4
3.8
13.0
5.7
7.1
4.5
4.8
3.5
12.9
5.6
7.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
12.6
5.3
6.5
3.5
4.7
3.6
11.8
5.3
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.4
11.8
5.4
7.0
4.0
4.7
3.2
12.7
5.5
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.9
5.5
7.1
4.4
4.6
3.3
12.5
5.3
7.2
4.8
4.3
3.2
11.6
5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7
5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8
5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
11.5
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES^
^ These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Category
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083
42,815 42,489 42,502 42,426 42,375 42,476 42,582 42,680 42,648 42,771 42,967 42,952 42,977
32,717 32,597 32,690 32,549 32,520 32,654 32,813 32,861 32,846 32,978 32,840 32,975 32,793
7,820
7,876
7,726
7,822
7,784
7,790
7,875
7,892
7,865
7,820
7,585
7,696
7,536
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
37,416
37,462
37,618
37,571
37,356
37,549
37,598
37,765
37,860
37,844
37,986
38,205
38,099
38,082
17,206
13,878
18,304
3,519
38,073
17,239
14,068
18,220
3,439
38,153
17,319
14,138
18,267
3,513
38,143
17,326
14,216
18,382
3,572
38,304
17,418
14,279
18,593
3,612
38,188
17,450
14,282
18,540
3,502
38,240
17,550
14,234
18,476
3,531
38,334
17,713
14,038
18,452
3,442
38,535
17,746
13,859
18,302
3,483
38,537
17,723
14,051
18,385
3,438
38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512
38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472
38,382
18,162
14,285
18,622
3,355
1,955
1,444
60
1,912
1,373
18
1,901
1,433
59
1,952
1,438
62
1,917
1,442
52
1,912
1,429
47
1,897
1,478
52
1,853
1,477
50
1,889
1,495
44
1,815
1,475
55
1,855
1,493
49
1,844
1,496
54
1,949
1,348
44
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
115,431 115,949 116,413 116,515 116,874 116,642 117,146 117,372 117,303 117,635 118,083 118,403 118,529
97,184 97,805 98,346 98,467 99,011 98,529 98,843 99,169 99,194 99,560 99,913 100,155 100,108
877
910
911
877
888
935
946
985
894
882
923
948
985
96,199 96,911 97,464 97,544 98,063 97,641 97,932 98,234 98,317 98,683 99,003 99,209 99,123
18,247 18,144 18,067 18,048 17,863 18,113 18,303 18,203 18,109 18,075 18,170 18,248 18,421
8,927
9,004
8,949
8,930
8,886
8,964
9,124
9,089
8,955
9,112
9,098
9,399
9,219
97
128
129
83
92
99
142
126
131
109
133
136
168
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME^
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,319
2,391
1,564
18,210
4,250
2,365
1,550
18,061
4,162
2,340
1,519
18,144
4,360
2,402
1,625
18,155
4,060
2,295
1,440
18,218
4,049
2,347
1,373
18,205
4,019
2,236
1,489
18,055
3,988
2,164
1,487
18,096
3,928
2,187
1,455
17,901
3,913
2,211
1,406
18,113
3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083
3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386
4,082
2,282
1,400
18,515
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,099
2,273
1,527
17,575
4,075
2,259
1,521
17,461
3,957
2,210
1,484
17,559
4,204
2,279
1,599
17,588
3,853
2,166
1,402
17,654
3,819
2,202
1,320
17,577
3,858
2,121
1,462
17,452
3,832
2,066
1,455
17,521
3,739
2,067
1,417
17,381
3,732
2,103
1,378
17,537
3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486
3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791
3,865
2,162
1,373
17,898
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as
holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
1998
1997
Age and sex
Jan.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
128,541 128,515 129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083
18,920 18,965 19,022 19,069 19,191 18,919 19,017 18,855 19,013 19,002 19,257 19,304 19,574
6,572
6,654
6,798
7,035
6,697
6,607
6,580
6,846
6,559
6,634
6,682
6,720
6,607
2,567
2,680
2,843
2,622
2,640
2,680
2,676
2,702
2,615
2,628
2,648
2,644
2,672
4,193
3,982
3,976
3,936
3,976
4,118
4,176
4,105
3,943
4,025
4,010
3,943
3,966
12,313 12,331 12,340 12,349 12,494 12,360 12,410 12,283 12,433 12,348 12,459 12,458 12,539
109,644 109,492 110,007 110,241 110,337 110,487 110,610 110,858 110,831 110,964 111,251 111,445 111,463
93,876 93,759 94,009 94,225 94,225 94,540 94,717 94,910 94,772 94,707 94,859 94,941 95,125
15,780 15,772 15,999 15,929 16,031 15,892 15,934 16,063 16,104 16,220 16,417 16,523 16,367
69,209
69,248
69,415
69,565
69,765
69,586
69,711
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195
70,518
9,926
3,353
1,319
2,019
6,573
59,270
50,468
8,795
9,938
3,388
1,371
2,019
6,550
59,293
50,488
8,786
9,918
3,384
1,343
2,034
6,534
59,479
50,549
8,928
9,943
3,367
1,349
2,016
6,576
59,599
50,652
8,921
10,134
3,456
1,338
2,126
6,678
59,639
50,680
8,958
9,904
3,328
1,338
2,001
6,576
59,671
50,772
8,858
9,929
3,350
1,331
2,007
6,579
59,781
50,858
8,932
9,895
3,362
1,339
1,996
6,533
59,850
50,906
9,007
9,880
3,358
1,360
1,980
6,522
59,877
50,871
9,009
9,889
3,448
1,398
2,075
6,441
59,952
50,867
9,060
10,070
3,528
1,401
2,128
6,542
60,234
51,125
9,152
10,010
3,519
1,377
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151
10,178
3,510
1,472
2,041
6,668
60,288
51,235
9,048
59,332
59,267
59,620
59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582
60,565
8,994
3,254
1,325
1,924
5,740
50,374
43,408
6,985
9,027
3,246
1,301
1,947
5,781
50,199
43,271
6,986
9,104
3,298
1,305
1,991
5,806
50,528
43,460
7,071
9,126
3,353
1,353
1,994
5,773
50,642
43,573
7,008
9,057
3,241
1,277
1,979
5,816
50,698
43,545
7,073
9,015
3,231
1,290
1,942
5,784
50,816
43,768
7,034
9,088
3,257
1,291
1,975
5,831
50,829
43,859
7,002
8,960
3,210
1,228
1,980
5,750
51,008
44,004
7,056
9,133
3,222
1,280
1,956
5,911
50,954
43,901
7,095
9,113
3,206
1,282
1,901
5,907
51,012
43,840
7,160
9,187
3,270
1,279
1,990
5,917
51,017
43,734
7,265
9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372
9,396
3,525
1,371
2,152
5,871
51,175
43,890
7,319
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
June
May
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
7,188
7,174
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
6,409
2,591
1,341
571
762
1,250
4,564
4,084
504
2,578
1,392
648
713
1,186
4,592
4,101
497
2,522
1,323
622
705
1,199
4,547
4,014
538
2,434
1,241
610
632
1,193
4,287
3,767
479
2,361
1,244
586
664
1,117
4,249
3,787
480
2,426
1,295
550
743
1,131
4,371
3,867
509
2,350
1,284
571
729
1,066
4,245
3,750
488
2,393
1,272
559
722
1,121
4,296
3,778
504
2,408
1,291
631
669
1,117
4,304
3,791
512
2,375
1,221
568
654
1,154
4,122
3,636
472
2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472
2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480
2,371
1,154
596
549
1,218
4,019
3,588
459
3,843
3,753
3,749
3,619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
3,333
1,440
750
336
412
690
2,393
2,124
293
1,371
741
337
377
630
2,381
2,095
298
1,370
740
354
390
630
2,359
2,052
313
1,334
710
341
371
624
2,272
1,994
262
1,209
643
304
345
566
2,156
1,878
264
1,337
740
328
421
597
2,292
2,007
285
1,293
697
309
385
596
2,201
1,928
274
1,334
705
295
417
629
2,220
1,921
284
1,347
698
314
381
649
2,182
1,901
276
1,350
670
311
360
680
2,176
1,887
277
1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278
1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325
1,278
689
330
357
588
2,050
1,785
289
3,345
3,421
3,331
3,149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
3,076
1,151
591
235
350
560
2,171
1,960
211
1,207
651
311
336
556
2,211
2,006
199
1,152
583
268
315
569
2,188
1,962
225
1,100
531
269
261
569
2,015
1,773
217
1,152
601
282
319
551
2,093
1,909
216
1,089
555
222
322
534
2,079
1,860
224
1,057
587
262
344
470
2,044
1,822
214
1,059
567
264
305
492
2,076
1,857
220
1,061
593
317
288
468
2,122
1,890
236
1,025
551
257
294
474
1,946
1,749
195
1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194
1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155
1,094
464
266
191
629
1,969
1,802
170
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Percent)
1997
1998
Age and sex
Jan.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.7
12.0
16.9
17.8
16.2
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.1
12.0
17.3
19.5
15.2
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.1
11.7
16.5
19.0
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3
11.3
15.6
18.4
13.6
8.8
3.7
3.8
2.9
11.0
15.7
18.3
13.9
8.2
3.7
3.9
2.9
11.4
16.5
17.3
15.9
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.1
11.0
16.3
17.9
15.5
7.9
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.3
16.2
17.9
15.4
8.4
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.2
16.4
19.3
14.5
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.1
15.5
17.5
14.1
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8
10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
10.8
14.1
17.3
11.6
8.9
3.5
3.6
2.7
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.5
12.7
18.3
20.3
16.9
9.5
3.9
4.0
3.2
12.1
17.9
19.7
15.7
8.8
3.9
4.0
3.3
12.1
17.9
20.9
16.1
8.8
3.8
3.9
3.4
11.8
17.4
20.2
15.5
8.7
3.7
3.8
2.9
10.7
15.7
18.5
14.0
7.8
3.5
3.6
2.9
11.9
18.2
19.7
17.4
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.5
17.2
18.8
16.1
8.3
3.6
3.7
3.0
11.9
17.3
18.1
17.3
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.1
12.0
17.2
18.8
16.1
9.1
3.5
3.6
3.0
12.0
16.3
18.2
14.8
9.5
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9
11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
11.2
16.4
18.3
14.9
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.8
11.3
15.4
15.1
15.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
2.9
11.8
16.7
19.3
14.7
8.8
4.2
4.4
2.8
11.2
15.0
17.0
13.7
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.1
10.8
13.7
16.6
11.6
9.0
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.3
15.6
18.1
13.9
8.7
4.0
4.2
3.0
10.8
14.7
14.7
14.2
8.5
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.4
15.3
16.9
14.8
7.5
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.6
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.9
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.4
15.5
19.8
12.8
7.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
10.1
14.7
16.7
13.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
2.7
10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6
10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1
10.4
11.6
16.3
8.2
9.7
3.7
3.9
2.3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
June
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Percent)
1997
1998
Category
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.9
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.3
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.5
9.3
10.7
8.2
4.5
9.5
11.0
8.1
4.4
9.3
10.5
8.3
4.2
8.9
9.9
8.0
4.1
9.2
10.3
7.6
4.3
8.9
10.3
7.7
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.9
4.2
8.4
9.5
7.3
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6
4.1
8.2
9.6
7.8
3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9
3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5
4.0
8.3
9.3
6.9
2.8
3.3
8.7
2.8
3.4
8.8
2.8
3.3
8.7
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.6
2.6
3.0
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.6
2.8
7.8
2.4
2.8
8.1
2.6
2.8
7.7
2.6
3.1
7.6
2.1
4.4
5.1
7.9
7.3
2.1
4.3
4.8
8.0
7.4
2.1
4.3
4.9
8.0
7.3
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
6.8
2.1
3.9
4.7
7.2
6.6
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
7.9
2.0
4.1
4.9
7.4
6.5
2.0
4.1
4.7
7.6
7.2
2.0
4.0
4.8
7.8
6.7
1.8
3.9
5.3
7.1
7.3
1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6
1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2
2.0
4.2
4.6
5.9
6.8
5.4
5.8
5.3
9.8
4.6
4.3
5.0
5.2
4.0
6.4
3.4
4.9
2.9
8.7
5.3
5.6
4.0
9.1
4.5
4.0
5.3
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.1
4.9
2.9
9.0
5.2
5.5
3.9
9.4
4.3
3.7
5.3
5.1
3.9
6.3
3.2
4.9
2.8
9.3
5.0
5.4
2.3
8.8
4.4
3.6
5.5
4.9
2.9
6.2
3.3
4.6
2.4
9.5
5.0
5.3
3.3
8.6
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.7
2.5
7.6
5.0
5.2
2.8
8.8
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.9
3.0
6.4
2.5
4.7
2.8
10.4
4.9
5.3
4.1
8.7
4.3
3.5
5.4
4.8
3.4
6.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
8.4
5.0
5.3
4.9
9.0
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.9
3.7
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.9
5.0
5.2
3.4
8.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.8
6.2
3.0
4.6
2.6
9.0
4.8
5.0
4.5
8.7
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.7
3.3
6.1
2.9
4.3
2.4
9.6
4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6
4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7
4.7
4.8
4.0
7.9
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.9
2.6
4.3
2.4
10.6
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION^
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government wori<ers
Agricultural wage and salary wori<ers
^ Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
Reason
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
3,191
953
2,238
861
2,499
596
3,147
949
2,198
804
2,608
623
3,148
993
2,155
797
2,497
617
3,038
958
2,080
776
2,422
569
2,961
909
2,052
808
2,338
573
3,094
928
2,166
827
2,333
510
2,954
894
2,060
812
2,263
564
3,010
891
2,119
894
2,173
554
3,007
893
2,114
853
2,263
560
2,934
963
1,971
732
2,247
555
2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560
2,991
961
2,030
692
2,170
552
2,807
860
1,947
808
2,229
518
100.0
44.6
13.3
31.3
12.0
35.0
8.3
100.0
43.8
13.2
30.6
11.2
36.3
8.7
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.5
11.3
35.4
8.7
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.6
11.4
35.6
8.4
100.0
44.3
13.6
30.7
12.1
35.0
8.6
100.0
45.7
13.7
32.0
12.2
34.5
7.5
100.0
44.8
13.6
31.2
12.3
34.3
8.6
100.0
45.4
13.4
32.0
13.5
32.8
8.4
100.0
45.0
13.4
31.6
12.8
33.9
8.4
100.0
45.4
14.9
30.5
11.3
34.7
8.6
100.0
45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8
100.0
46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6
100.0
44.1
13.5
30.6
12.7
35.0
8.1
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.3
.6
1.9
.5
2.3
.6
1.8
.5
2.2
.6
1.8
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.3
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.7
1.6
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
1.6
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
2.0
.6
1.6
.4
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Duration
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
2,678
2,251
2,150
964
1,186
2,580
2,341
2,158
1,031
1,127
2,618
2,325
2,079
1,003
1,076
2,471
2,177
2,088
1,033
1,055
2,542
2,067
2,076
1,054
1,022
2,541
2,188
2,069
1,031
1,038
2,446
2,097
2,128
1,061
1,067
2,564
2,121
2,027
950
1,077
2,484
2,115
2,109
1,031
1,078
2,558
1,912
1,990
919
1,071
2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966
2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028
2,488
1,971
1,811
773
1,038
15.9
7.9
15.9
8.2
15.4
7.9
15.4
8.1
15.3
7.8
15.3
7.9
16.5
8.2
15.8
7.9
15.9
8.1
16.3
7.7
15.6
7.8
16.3
7.7
15.6
7.4
100.0
37.8
31.8
30.4
13.6
16.8
100.0
36.4
33.1
30.5
14.6
15.9
100.0
37.3
33.1
29.6
14.3
15.3
100.0
36.7
32.3
31.0
15.3
15.7
100.0
38.0
30.9
31.1
15.8
15.3
100.0
37.4
32.2
30.4
15.2
15.3
100.0
36.7
31.4
31.9
15.9
16.0
100.0
38.2
31.6
30.2
14.2
16.0
100.0
37.0
31.5
31.4
15.4
16.1
100.0
39.6
29.6
30.8
14.2
16.6
100.0
38.2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2
100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0
100.0
39.7
31.4
28.9
12.3
16.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
January 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over....
204,238
15,427
7,873
7,554
17,532
117,202
39,053
18,735
20,317
44,155
22,501
21,653
33,994
18,623
15,371
21,900
11,931
9,969
32,177
9,429
8,540
14,208
135,951
7,513
3,032
4,481
13,411
98,301
32,974
15,786
17,188
37,348
18,864
18,484
27,979
15,697
12,282
12,910
8,242
4,668
3,816
2,087
1,061
667
66.6
48.7
38.5
59.3
76.5
83.9
84.4
84.3
84.6
84.6
83.8
85.4
82.3
84.3
79.9
58.9
69.1
46.8
11.9
22.1
12.4
4.7
128,882
6,396
2,486
3,910
12,070
94,196
31,390
14,953
16,437
35,760
17,972
17,788
27,046
15,221
11,825
12,518
7,973
4,545
3,702
2,014
1,027
661
63.1
41.5
31.6
51.8
68.8
80.4
80.4
79.8
80.9
81.0
79.9
82.2
79.6
81.7
76.9
57.2
66.8
45.6
11.5
21.4
12.0
4.7
2,938
156
99
56
233
1,965
647
280
366
725
413
313
593
324
270
332
199
132
252
129
68
56
125,944
6,241
2,387
3,854
11,837
92,230
30.743
14,673
16,070
35,035
17,559
17,476
26,452
14,898
11,555
12,186
7,774
4,413
3,450
1,885
960
605
7,069
1,117
546
571
1,340
4,106
1,585
834
751
1,588
892
696
933
476
458
392
269
123
114
74
34
6
5.2
14.9
18.0
12.7
10.0
4.2
4.8
5.3
4.4
4.3
4.7
3.8
3.3
3.0
3.7
3.0
3.3
2.6
3.0
3.5
3.2
.9
68,287
7,914
4,841
3,073
4,121
18,901
6,079
2,949
3,130
6,807
3,638
3,169
6,015
2,926
3,088
8,990
3,689
5,301
28,361
7,341
7,479
13,541
98,241
7,850
4,063
3,787
8,799
57,550
19,228
9,182
10,046
21,756
11,067
10,689
16,567
9,116
7,452
10,461
5,756
4,705
13,580
4,326
3,757
5,497
72,815
3,801
1,553
2,249
7,069
52,671
17,876
8,451
9,425
20,037
10,204
9,833
14,758
8,254
6,504
7,053
4,497
2,555
2,221
1,186
625
409
74.1
48.4
38.2
59.4
80.3
91.5
93.0
92.0
93.8
92.1
92.2
92.0
89.1
90.5
87.3
67.4
78.1
54.3
16.4
27.4
16.6
7.4
68,932
3,121
1,234
1,887
6,350
50,515
17,061
8,025
9,036
19,231
9,718
9,514
14,223
7,978
6,245
6,797
4,320
2,477
2,149
1,142
603
404
70.2
39.8
30.4
49.8
72.2
87.8
88.7
87.4
90.0
88.4
87.8
89.0
85.8
87.5
83.8
65.0
75.1
52.6
15.8
26.4
16.0
7.4
2,178
122
78
44
177
1,448
476
204
273
573
329
244
399
227
172
233
136
97
198
94
54
49
66,755
2,999
1,157
1,842
6,173
49,067
16,585
7,821
8,763
18,659
9,389
9,270
13,824
7,751
6,072
6,564
4,184
2,380
1,951
1,048
549
355
3,882
680
318
362
719
2,155
815
426
389
805
486
319
535
276
259
255
177
78
72
44
22
5
5.3
17.9
20.5
16.1
10.2
4.1
4.6
5.0
4.1
4.0
4.8
3.2
3.6
3.3
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.6
1.2
25,426
4,049
2,510
1,538
1,730
4,880
1,351
730
621
1,719
863
856
1,810
862
948
3,409
1,258
2,150
11,359
3,140
3,131
5,088
105,997
7,577
3,811
3,767
8,733
59,651
19,825
9,553
10,272
22,399
11,435
10,964
17,427
9,508
7,919
11,439
6,175
5,264
18,597
5,103
4,783
8,711
63,136
3,711
1,480
2,232
6,342
45,631
15,098
7,335
7,763
17,311
8,660
8,651
13,222
7,443
5,779
5,857
3,744
2,113
1,595
901
436
258
59.6
49.0
38.8
59.3
72.6
76.5
76.2
76.8
75.6
77.3
75.7
78.9
75.9
78.3
73.0
51.2
60.6
40.1
8.6
17.7
9.1
3.0
59,949
3,275
1,252
2,023
5,720
43,680
14,328
6,928
7,401
16,529
8,254
8,275
12,823
7,243
5,580
5,721
3,653
2,068
1,553
872
424
257
56.6
43.2
32.8
53.7
65.5
73.2
72.3
72.5
72.0
73.8
72.2
75.5
73.6
76.2
70.5
50.0
59.2
39.3
8.3
17.1
8.9
2.9
760
34
22
12
56
517
170
76
94
153
84
69
194
97
98
98
63
35
54
34
14
6
59,190
3,241
1,230
2,011
5,664
43,163
14,158
6,851
7,307
16,376
8,170
8,206
12,629
7,147
5,482
5,622
3,590
2,033
1,498
837
411
250
3,186
436
228
208
621
1,950
769
407
362
782
406
376
399
200
199
137
91
45
42
30
11
1
5.0
11.8
15.4
9.3
9.8
4.3
5.1
5.6
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.3
3.0
2.7
3.4
2.3
2.4
2.1
2.6
3.3
2.6
.4
42,861
3,866
2,331
1,535
2,391
14,021
4,727
2.218
2,509
5.088
2,775
2,314
4,205
2,065
2,141
5,581
2.431
3,151
17,002
4,202
4,347
8,453
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years .
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
January 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years .
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.
170,810
12,275
6,244
6,030
14,057
96,955
31,633
15,128
16,505
36,488
18,550
17,938
28,833
15,684
13,149
18,892
10,288
8,603
28,633
8,255
7,601
12,776
114,193
6,410
2,662
3,749
10,959
82,097
26,962
12,938
14,024
31,150
15,723
15,428
23,984
13,290
10,694
11,309
7,232
4,076
3,418
1,863
973
582
66.9
52.2
42.6
62.2
78.0
84.7
85.2
85.5
85.0
85.4
84.8
86.0
83.2
84.7
81.3
59.9
70.3
47.4
11.9
22.6
12.8
4.6
108,967
5,573
2,223
3,350
10,033
79,049
25,839
12,340
13,499
29,973
15,052
14,922
23,237
12,933
10,304
10,996
7,025
3,971
3,316
1,800
940
577
63.8
45.4
35.6
55.6
71.4
81.5
81.7
81.6
81.8
82.1
81.1
83.2
80.6
82.5
78.4
58.2
68.3
46.2
11.6
21.8
12.4
4.5
2,767
155
99
56
218
1,835
621
271
350
667
376
292
547
304
243
318
192
126
240
120
68
52
106,200
5,417
2,124
3,294
9,815
77,213
25,217
12,069
13,148
29,306
14,676
14,630
22,690
12,629
10,061
10,679
6,834
3,845
3,076
1,679
872
525
5,226
838
439
399
926
3,048
1,123
597
526
1,177
671
506
748
357
391
312
207
105
102
63
33
5
4.6
13.1
16.5
10.6
8.5
3.7
4.2
4.6
3.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
3.1
2.7
3.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.4
.9
56,617
5,864
3,583
2,281
3,098
14,858
4,671
2.191
2.480
5,338
2,827
2,511
4,849
2,394
2,455
7,583
3,056
4,527
25,214
6,392
6,628
12,194
82,982
6,301
3,224
3,077
7,125
48,307
15,812
7,557
8,255
18,244
9,285
8,959
14,251
7,784
6,467
9,118
5,000
4,118
12,132
3,827
3,386
4,919
62,187
3,301
1,375
1,926
5,813
44,826
14,931
7,102
7,829
17,047
8,697
8,350
12,847
7,098
5,750
6,248
3,987
2,261
2,000
1,064
576
359
74.9
52.4
42.7
62.6
81.6
92.8
94.4
94.0
94.8
93.4
93.7
93.2
90.2
91.2
88.9
68.5
79.7
54.9
16.5
27.8
17.0
7.3
59,242
2,766
1,113
1,653
5,323
43,175
14,329
6,797
7,532
16,437
8,317
8,119
12,410
6,882
5,528
6,042
3,848
2,195
1,936
1,027
554
355
71.4
43.9
34.5
53.7
74.7
89.4
90.6
89.9
91.2
90.1
89.6
90.6
87.1
88.4
85.5
66.3
77.0
53.3
16.0
26.8
16.4
7.2
2,045
122
77
44
171
1,342
459
200
259
517
295
223
365
213
152
222
130
93
188
88
54
46
57,197
2,644
1,036
1,609
5,152
41.834
13,870
6,597
7,273
15,919
8,023
7,896
12,045
6,669
5,376
5,820
3,718
2,102
1,748
939
500
309
2,945
535
262
273
490
1.650
603
306
297
610
379
231
437
216
222
205
139
66
64
37
22
5
4.7
16.2
19.1
14.2
8.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.6
4.4
2.8
3.4
3.0
3.9
3.3
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.8
1.4
20,795
3,000
1,849
1,151
1,312
3,481
881
455
426
1,197
588
609
1,403
686
717
2,870
1,013
1,857
10,132
2,763
2,810
4,559
87,829
5,974
3,020
2,953
6,932
48,648
15,821
7,571
8,250
18,244
9,265
8,979
14,582
7,900
6,683
9,774
5,289
4,485
16,501
4,429
4,215
7,857
52,006
3,109
1,286
1,823
5,147
37,271
12,031
5,835
6,195
14,104
7,026
7,078
11,137
6,192
4,945
5,061
3,245
1,815
1,418
799
397
223
59.2
52.0
42.6
61.7
74.2
76.6
76.0
77.1
75.1
77.3
75.8
78.8
76.4
78.4
74.0
51.8
61.4
40.5
8.6
18.0
9.4
2.8
49,725
2,806
1,109
1,697
4,711
35,874
11,510
5,543
5,967
13,537
6,734
6,803
10,827
6,051
4,776
4,954
3,178
1,776
1,381
773
386
222
56.6
47.0
36.7
57.5
68.0
73.7
72.8
73.2
72.3
74.2
72.7
75.8
74.2
76.6
71.5
50.7
60.1
39.6
8.4
17.5
9.1
2.8
722
34
22
12
47
494
163
71
91
150
81
69
181
91
90
95
62
33
52
32
14
6
49,003
2,773
1,088
1,685
4,664
35,380
11,348
5,472
5,875
13,387
6,653
6,734
10,645
5,960
4,685
4,859
3,116
1.743
1,328
741
372
216
2,281
303
177
126
436
1,398
520
292
229
567
292
275
310
141
169
107
68
39
38
27
11
4.4
9.7
13.7
6.9
8.5
3.7
4.3
5.0
3.7
4.0
4.2
3.9
2.8
2.3
3.4
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.7
3.3
2.8
.2
35,822
2,865
1,734
1,130
1,785
11,377
3,790
1,736
2,055
4,141
2,239
1,902
3,446
1,708
1,738
4,713
2,043
2,670
15,082
3,629
3,819
7,635
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years ....
75 years and over
-
January 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Not
in
labor
force
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
13,948
609
190
419
1,465
10,555
3,870
1,812
2,058
4,033
2,034
1,999
2,652
1,663
989
1,060
676
384
259
128
68
62
1,490
240
93
148
342
848
391
198
193
326
182
144
132
89
42
54
40
14
5
5
9.6
28.3
32.8
26.1
18.8
7.4
9.1
9.8
8.5
7.4
8.1
6.7
4.7
5.1
4.0
4.8
5.5
3.6
1.9
3.5
8,660
1,564
962
602
714
2,893
970
542
427
1,072
589
483
851
398
453
1,084
496
588
2,405
717
661
1,027
6,478
264
83
180
703
4,897
1,799
811
987
1,870
939
931
1,229
782
447
486
316
169
128
58
35
35
749
127
49
78
189
400
167
95
72
163
94
69
70
44
26
31
22
8
2
2
10.3
32.4
37.0
30.1
21.2
7.5
8.4
10.4
6.8
7.9
8.9
6.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.9
6.6
4.7
1.3
3,542
795
492
303
267
1,128
367
220
147
432
230
202
329
140
189
434
208
226
918
288
247
383
Nonagricultural
industries
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years .
75 years and over
24,196
2,414
1,245
1,169
2,531
14,373
5,246
2,555
2,691
5,464
2,832
2,633
3,663
2,163
1,500
2,204
1,215
989
2,675
854
730
1,091
15,535
849
283
567
1,816
11,480
4,276
2,012
2,264
4,392
2,243
2,149
2,812
1,765
1,047
1,120
718
401
270
137
68
65
64.2
35.2
22.7
48.5
71.8
79.9
81.5
78.8
84.1
80.4
79.2
81.6
76.8
81.6
69.8
50.8
59.1
40.6
10.1
16.1
9.4
5.9
14,045
609
190
419
1,474
10,632
3,885
1,815
2,070
4,067
2,061
2,005
2,680
1,675
1,005
1,066
679
387
265
132
68
65
58.0
25.2
15.3
35.8
58.3
74.0
74.1
71.0
76.9
74.4
72.8
76.2
73.2
77.5
67.0
48.4
55.9
39.1
9.9
15.5
9.3
5.9
10,842
1,185
624
561
1,159
6,489
2,345
1,129
1,216
2,497
1,288
1,209
1,648
976
672
956
549
407
1,052
350
282
420
7,300
390
132
258
892
5,361
1,978
909
1,069
2,065
1,058
1,007
1,319
836
483
522
342
180
134
61
35
38
67.3
32.9
21.2
46.0
77.0
82.6
84.4
80.5
87.9
82.7
82.1
83.3
80.0
85.6
71.9
54.6
62.2
44.3
12.8
17.6
12.4
9.0
6,551
264
83
180
703
4,961
1,811
814
997
1,901
964
938
1,249
792
457
491
319
172
132
60
35
38
60.4
22.2
13.3
32.2
60.7
76.4
77.2
72.1
82.0
76.2
74.8
77.6
75.8
81.1
68.0
51.4
58.1
42.3
12.6
17.1
12.4
9.0
13,354
1,228
620
608
1,372
7,883
2,901
1,426
1,475
2,967
1,543
1,424
2,015
1,187
828
1,248
665
582
1,623
504
448
671
8,235
459
150
309
924
6,119
2,298
1,103
1,195
2,328
1,185
1,143
1,493
929
564
598
377
221
136
76
33
27
61.7
37.4
24.2
50.8
67.4
77.6
79.2
77.4
81.0
78.4
76.8
80.2
74.1
78.3
68.1
47.9
56.6
37.9
8.4
15.0
7.4
4.0
7,494
345
107
239
771
5,671
2,074
1,000
1,074
2,165
1,098
1,068
1,431
884
548
574
359
215
133
73
33
27
56.1
28.1
17.2
39.3
56.2
71.9
71.5
70.1
72.8
73.0
71.1
75.0
71.0
74.5
66.1
46.0
54.0
36.9
8.2
14.4
7.3
4.0
98
-
9
76
15
3
12
34
27
7
28
12
16
5
3
2
7
4
-
2
_
_
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years .
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
73
-
64
12
3
9
31
24
7
20
9
31
5
3
2
4
2
-
2
_
~
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over....
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures
24
-
9
13
2
-
2
3
3
-
8
3
5
—
-
2
2
-
7,470
345
107
239
762
5,658
2,071
1,000
1,071
2,163
1,095
1,068
1,423
881
542
574
359
215
130
70
33
27
741
114
44
70
153
448
224
103
121
162
87
75
62
45
16
23
17
6
3
3
9.0
24.8
29.1
22.7
16.6
7.3
9.8
9.3
10.1
7.0
7.4
6.5
4.1
4.9
2.9
3.9
4.6
2.7
2.5
4.0
-
-
_
and revised population controls used in the household survey.
5,118
769
470
299
447
1,765
603
323
280
640
358
281
522
258
264
650
289
361
1,487
428
414
644
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
202,285
134,317
66.4
126,384
3,036
123,348
7,933
5.9
67,968
204,238
135,951
66.6
128,882
2,938
125,944
7,069
5.2
68,287
89,446
68,429
76.5
64,693
2,132
62,561
3,736
5.5
21,018
90,391
69,013
76.3
65,811
2,056
63,756
3,202
4.6
21,377
97,520
58,637
60.1
55,739
703
55,036
2,898
4.9
38,883
98,420
59,425
60.4
56,674
726
55,948
2,750
4.6
38,996
15,318
7,251
47.3
5,952
202
5,750
1,299
17.9
8,067
15,427
7,513
48.7
6,396
156
6,241
1,117
14.9
7,914
169,436
113,338
66.9
107,425
2,859
104,566
5,913
5.2
56,098
170,810
114,193
66.9
108,967
2,767
106,200
5,226
4.6
56,617
76,034
58,691
77.2
55,803
1,988
53,815
2,888
4.9
17,343
76,681
58,885
76.8
56,476
1,923
54,553
2,410
4.1
17,795
81,279
48,473
59.6
46,423
678
45,745
2,050
4.2
32,806
81,855
48,897
59.7
46,919
689
46,230
1,979
4.0
32,958
12,124
6,174
50.9
5,198
192
5,006
976
15.8
5,950
12,275
6,410
52.2
5,573
155
5,417
838
13.1
5,864
23,847
15,141
63.5
13,474
93
13,381
1,667
11.0
8,706
24,196
15,535
64.2
14,045
98
13,948
1,490
9.6
8,660
9,511
6,749
71.0
6,061
76
5,985
687
10.2
2,762
9,657
6,910
71.6
6,288
73
6,214
622
9.0
2,747
11,940
7,560
63.3
6,852
10
6,842
708
9.4
4,380
12,125
7,776
64.1
7,149
24
7,125
628
8.1
4,349
2,397
833
34.8
560
7
553
272
32.7
1,564
2,414
849
35.2
609
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
-
609
240
28.3
1,564
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
18,090
12,427
5,663
8,709
5,336
3,373
48.1
42.9
59.6
7,780
4,626
3,154
1,387
429
958
6,393
4,197
2,197
929
710
219
147
91
56
782
619
164
10.7
13.3
6.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
9,454
8,637
7,414
1,223
3,739
4,970
3,950
1,020
39.5
57.5
53.3
83.4
3,135
4,645
3,673
971
211
1,175
567
609
2,924
3,469
3,107
363
603
326
277
49
71
76
43
33
532
250
234
16
16.1
6.6
7.0
4.8
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,048
6,263
2.785
4,104
2,548
1,556
45.4
40.7
55.9
3,581
2,126
1,455
688
201
487
2,893
1,925
968
522
422
101
75
51
24
448
371
77
12.7
16.5
6.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4,954
4,094
3,592
501
1,918
2,186
1,765
420
38.7
53.4
49.1
83.8
1,561
2,020
1,621
399
127
561
279
282
1,434
1,459
1,343
116
357
166
144
22
42
33
18
15
315
133
126
7
18.6
7.6
8.2
5.2
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,043
6,164
2,878
4,605
2,788
1,817
50.9
45.2
63.1
4,199
2,500
1,699
698
228
470
3,501
2,272
1,229
407
288
119
72
40
32
334
248
87
8.8
10.3
6.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4,500
4,543
3,822
721
1,821
2,785
2,185
600
40.5
61.3
57.2
83.2
1,574
2,624
2,052
573
84
614
288
326
1,490
2,010
1,764
246
246
160
133
27
29
43
25
18
217
117
108
9
13.5
5.8
6.1
4.5
14,449
9,885
4,564
7,410
4,598
2,812
51.3
46.5
61.6
6,672
4,031
2,642
1,162
364
798
5,511
3,667
1,843
738
568
170
107
63
44
631
504
126
10.0
12.3
6.1
Men
Women
7,293
7,156
3,539
3,871
48.5
54.1
3,115
3,558
585
577
2,530
2,981
425
313
62
45
363
268
12.0
8.1
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
7,493
6,956
5,982
973
3,259
4,151
3,330
821
43.5
59.7
55.7
84.4
2,780
3,892
3,109
783
181
981
481
499
2,599
2,912
2,628
284
479
259
221
38
49
58
36
22
429
201
185
16
14.7
6.2
6.6
4.6
2,587
1,906
681
895
544
351
34.6
28.6
51.5
733
415
318
172
45
127
561
370
191
162
129
33
39
27
12
123
102
21
18.1
23.7
9.4
Men
Women
1,208
1,379
376
519
31.1
37.6
298
435
79
93
219
342
78
84
13
26
65
58
20.8
16.1
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,507
1,080
898
182
366
530
372
158
24.3
49.0
41.4
86.5
253
480
333
147
16
156
69
88
238
324
265
59
112
50
39
11
20
18
8
11
92
31
31
30.7
9.4
10.5
6.8
2,081
1,579
502
775
475
300
37.2
30.1
59.7
628
364
264
158
53
106
470
311
159
147
111
36
35
24
11
112
87
24
19.0
23.5
11.9
Men
Women
1,034
1,047
389
386
37.6
36.9
302
326
81
78
221
248
87
60
22
13
65
47
22.4
15.6
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,345
736
601
135
375
401
293
108
27.8
54.4
48.7
79.9
263
365
260
105
40
118
46
72
222
248
215
33
112
35
32
3
27
8
8
84
28
24
3
29.8
8.8
11.0
2.9
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
-
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
-
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,869
3,000
11,869
12,215
2,177
10,037
82.1
72.6
84.6
10,686
1,770
8,916
8,839
1,265
7,574
1,847
505
1,342
1,528
407
1,121
1,392
342
1,050
136
71
12.5
18.7
11.2
Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college ,
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,753
6,290
3,400
1,426
2,479
5,324
3,055
1,357
66.1
84.6
89.8
95.1
1,919
4,662
2,797
1,309
1,571
3,724
2,348
1,196
347
938
449
113
561
662
257
48
498
238
45
63
51
20
3
22.6
12.4
8.4
3.5
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
7,602
1,587
6,015
6,767
1,254
5,513
89.0
79.0
91.7
5,890
995
4,895
5,203
807
4,396
686
188
499
877
259
618
216
53
43
13.0
20.6
10
11.2
2,122
3,239
1,657
584
1,708
2,944
1,546
569
80.5
90.9
93.3
97.5
1,332
2,579
1,428
551
1,182
2,238
1,273
510
150
340
156
40
375
365
118
19
344
345
117
19
32
20
1
22.0
12.4
7.6
3.3
7,268
1,413
5,854
5,448
924
4,524
75.0
65.4
77.3
4,797
775
4,021
3,636
458
3,178
1,161
317
844
651
148
503
568
126
442
83
23
61
12.0
16.1
11.1
1,631
3,052
1,743
842
772
2,380
1,508
787
47.3
78.0
86.5
93.5
586
2,083
1,369
758
389
1,485
1,075
686
197
598
294
73
185
297
139
29
154
267
121
26
31
31
19
3
24.0
12.5
9.2
3.7
11,883
2,390
9,493
9,960
1,812
8,148
83.8
75.8
85.8
8,934
1,542
7,392
7,429
1,107
6,322
1,505
435
1,069
1,026
270
756
933
222
711
93
48
45
10.3
14.9
9.3
Men
Women .
6,133
5,750
5,575
4,385
90.9
76.3
4,974
3,959
4,425
3,004
549
956
600
426
559
374
41
52
10.8
9.7
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
2,915
4,973
2,802
1,193
2,002
4,268
2,548
1,142
68.7
85.8
90.9
95.7
1,641
3,835
2,351
1,106
1,359
3,074
1,980
361
433
197
36
316
403
45
29
180
16
1,016
282
761
371
90
33
3
18.0
10.1
7.7
3.1
2,357
507
1,849
1,770
305
1,465
75.1
60.1
79.2
1,350
193
1,156
1,074
130
945
275
64
212
420
111
309
386
287
34
12
23
23.8
36.5
21.1
Men
Women
1,136
1,220
906
864
79.7
70.8
669
681
565
510
104
171
237
183
229
158
9
25
26.2
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
705
1,080
450
232
660
342
166
116
143
53
18
200
52
3
154
181
49
3
12
19
4
121
171
518
288
97
61
394
118
56.4
79.7
87.4
97.5
41.6
23.3
13.2
2.3
2,732
589
2,143
2,129
393
1,736
77.9
66.7
81.0
1,845
333
1,512
1,578
268
1,309
267
65
203
284
60
224
245
38
207
39
22
17
13.3
15.2
12.9
Men
Women
1,514
1,218
1,362
766
90.0
62.9
1,201
644
1,085
493
117
151
161
123
147
97
14
26
11.8
16.0
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college ,
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,314
932
419
933
762
367
71.1
81.8
87.4
782
658
347
57
695
528
298
57
87
130
50
151
105
19
9
122
102
29
3
5
3
16.2
13.7
5.2
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
611
824
66
White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Blacic
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
100
21.2
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
66
^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
(M
15
6
(M
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Total
Educational attainment
Women
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
171,278
115,027
67.2
110,416
64.5
4,611
4.0
80,691
61,345
76.0
58,452
72.4
2,893
4.7
81,591
61,944
75.9
59,461
72.9
2,483
4.0
88,801
52,492
59.1
50,147
56.5
2,346
4.5
89,687
53,083
59.2
50,954
56.8
2,129
4.0
143,357
96,268
67.2
92,329
64.4
3,939
4.1
144,479
96,823
67.0
93,361
64.6
3,462
3.6
18,944
12,624
66.6
11,575
61.1
1,048
8.3
19,251
12,870
66.9
11,962
62.1
908
7.1
15,276
10,716
70.1
9,932
65.0
784
7.3
15,928
10,976
68.9
10,320
64.8
656
6.0
30,477
12,693
41.6
11,371
37.3
1,321
10.4
29,981
12,695
42.3
11,630
38.8
1,065
8.4
14,415
7,835
54.3
7,033
48.8
802
10.2
14,264
7,793
54.6
7,185
50.4
608
7.8
16,062
4,858
30.2
4,339
27.0
519
10.7
15,717
4,902
31.2
4,445
28.3
457
9.3
24,398
10,275
42.1
9,325
38.2
949
9.2
23,908
10,214
42.7
9,448
39.5
766
7.5
4,740
1,825
38.5
1,520
32.1
305
16.7
4,724
1,857
39.3
1,616
34.2
241
13.0
6,877
4,055
59.0
3,641
52.9
414
10.2
7,064
4,033
57.1
3,717
52.6
316
7.8
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 57,422
37,724
Civilian labor force
65.7
Percent of population
Employed
35,718
62.2
Employment-population ratio , , ,
Unemployed
2,006
Unemployment rate
5.3
57,606
37,649
65.4
35,867
62.3
1,782
4.7
25,976
19,798
76.2
18,673
71.9
1,125
5.7
26,192
19,903
76.0
18,948
72.3
955
4.8
31,446
17,926
57.0
17,045
54.2
881
4.9
31,414
17,746
56.5
16,919
53.9
826
4.7
48,775
31,758
65.1
30,293
62.1
1,465
4.6
48,840
31,586
64.7
30,242
61.9
1,344
4.3
6,807
4,724
69.4
4,263
62.6
461
9.8
6,860
4,733
69.0
4,373
63.7
361
7.6
4,069
3,060
75.2
2,863
70.4
197
6.4
4,358
3,301
75.7
3,097
71.1
204
6.2
41,145
30,862
75.0
29,663
72.1
1,199
3.9
41,718
31,012
74.3
29,911
71.7
1,101
3.5
19,039
15,613
82.0
15,019
78.9
594
3.8
19,339
15,711
81.2
15,183
78.5
528
3.4
22,106
15,250
69.0
14,645
66.2
605
4.0
22,379
15,301
68.4
14,729
65.8
573
3.7
34,864
25,875
74.2
24,930
71.5
946
3.7
35,316
25,909
73.4
25,079
71.0
829
3.2
4,811
3,896
81.0
3,692
76.7
204
5.2
4,890
3,947
80.7
3,735
76.4
212
5.4
2,745
2,286
83.3
2,170
79.0
116
5.1
2,698
2,140
79.3
2,045
75.8
94
4.4
29,054
21,212
73.0
20,341
70.0
871
4.1
29,368
21,141
72.0
20,284
69.1
857
4.1
13,821
11,073
80.1
10,635
76.9
439
4.0
13,997
11,088
79.2
10,653
76.1
435
3.9
15,233
10,138
66.6
9,707
63.7
432
4.3
15,371
10,053
65.4
9,631
62.7
422
4.2
24,490
17,654
72.1
16,974
69.3
680
3.9
24,690
17,514
70.9
16,875
68.3
639
3.6
3,589
2,854
79.5
2,705
75.4
148
5.2
3,661
2,864
78.2
2,689
73.4
175
6.1
2,021
1,664
82.3
1,575
77.9
89
5.3
1,957
1,532
78.2
1,450
74.1
82
5.3
12,092
9,650
79.8
9,322
77.1
329
3.4
12,350
9,871
79.9
9,627
78.0
244
2.5
5,218
4,539
87.0
4,384
84.0
156
3.4
5,343
4,623
86.5
4,529
84.8
93
2.0
6,873
5,111
74.4
4,938
71.8
173
3.4
7,008
5,249
74.9
5,098
72.8
151
2.9
10,373
8,221
79.3
7,956
76.7
266
3.2
10,626
8,395
79.0
8,204
77.2
190
2.3
1,042
85.3
987
80.7
55
5.3
1,229
1,084
88.2
1,046
85.1
38
3.5
724
622
85.9
595
82.1
28
4.4
741
608
82.1
596
80.4
12
2.0
40,447
32,558
80.5
31,846
78.7
712
2.2
41,974
33,671
80.2
33,007
78.6
664
2.0
21,260
18,099
85.1
17,727
83.4
372
2.1
21,796
18,537
85.0
18,146
83.3
391
2.1
19,187
14,459
75.4
14,119
73.6
340
2.4
20,178
15,134
75.0
14,861
73.7
273
1.8
35,320
28,360
80.3
27,780
78.7
579
2.0
36,415
29,115
80.0
28,592
78.5
523
1.8
2,586
2,179
84.3
2,100
81.2
79
3.6
2,778
2,332
84.0
2,239
80.6
93
4.0
1,586
1,315
82.9
1,258
79.3
57
4.3
1,808
1,503
83.1
1,460
80.8
43
2.8
Jan.
1997
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 169,492
Civilian labor force
113,837
67.2
Percent of population
108,599
Employed
64.1
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
5,239
Unemployment rate
4.6
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998,
data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.
January 1998
Unemployed
Employed^
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
Atwork2
Age, sex, and race
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
105,276
1,694
209
1,485
103,582
8,531
95,051
82,980
12,071
92,881
1,397
152
1,245
91,484
7,387
84,097
73,688
10,410
9,557
248
41
207
9,309
931
8,378
7,156
1,222
2,838
49
17
32
2,789
213
2,576
2,136
439
23,606
4,702
2,277
2,425
18,904
3,539
15,365
11,215
4,149
2,723
236
36
200
2,487
466
2,022
1,793
228
19,470
4,258
2,143
2,114
15,212
2,845
12,368
8,760
3,608
1,412
209
97
111
1,204
228
976
662
313
5,567
433
93
339
5,135
1,106
4,029
3,652
376
1,501
684
453
231
817
234
583
453
130
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
61,304
1,008
60,296
4,884
55,412
48,143
7,269
54,704
830
53,875
4,248
49,626
43,289
6,337
4,940
153
4,787
530
4,257
3,598
660
1,660
26
1,634
105
1,529
1,256
273
7,628
2,113
5,515
1,466
4,049
2,372
1,677
1,176
115
1,061
216
844
757
88
5,984
1,892
4,092
1,166
2,926
1,472
1,454
468
106
363
84
279
144
135
3,211
266
2,945
632
2,312
2,047
266
671
414
257
87
170
109
62
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
43,972
686
43,286
3,648
39,639
34,837
4,801
38,177
567
37,610
3,138
34,471
30,398
4,073
4,617
95
4,522
401
4,120
3,558
562
1,178
23
1,155
108
1,047
881
167
15,977
2,589
13,388
2,073
11,315
8,843
2,472
1,548
121
1,427
250
1,177
1,037
141
13,486
2,365
11,120
1,679
9,441
7,288
2,153
944
103
841
144
697
519
178
2,356
166
2,190
474
1,716
1,605
111
830
270
560
147
413
345
68
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
52,711
898
51,813
4,112
47,701
41,247
6,455
46,988
743
46,245
3,553
42,692
37,078
5,614
4,290
134
4,156
471
3,685
3,107
578
1,433
21
1,412
88
1,324
1,062
263
6,531
1,868
4,662
1,211
3,452
1,928
1,523
913
95
818
178
640
576
64
5,230
1,685
3,545
970
2,576
1,241
1,334
387
88
299
63
236
112
125
2,406
197
2,209
424
1,785
1,572
213
538
338
201
66
134
78
56
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
35,851
572
35,278
3,008
32,270
28,119
4,151
31,150
479
30,672
2,604
28,068
24,549
3,519
3,756
74
3,682
333
3,349
2,853
496
944
20
925
71
853
718
136
13,875
2,234
11,640
1,702
9,938
7,755
2,183
1,112
101
1,011
178
833
728
106
11,940
2,048
9,892
1,408
8,484
6,571
1,913
822
85
738
116
621
456
165
1,613
88
1,525
331
1,194
1,109
84
669
215
454
105
349
288
60
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,836
86
5,750
557
5,192
4,679
513
5,218
71
5,147
506
4,641
4,188
453
452
11
441
46
395
342
53
166
4
162
5
157
149
8
716
178
538
146
392
282
110
198
16
181
36
145
125
20
469
150
320
103
217
134
82
49
12
37
6
31
23
8
645
62
584
180
404
376
27
103
65
38
9
29
24
5
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
6,018
89
5,929
514
5,415
4,929
485
5,171
72
5,099
426
4,673
4,266
407
649
13
635
55
581
529
52
198
3
195
34
161
134
27
1,476
256
1,220
257
963
741
222
374
15
359
64
296
270
25
1,007
224
783
173
610
424
186
95
17
78
20
58
47
11
609
65
544
119
426
406
20
132
49
83
34
49
42
7
White
Black
1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.
2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation
Men
16 years
and over
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
126,384 128,882
16 years
and over
Women
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
67,640
68,932
64,693
65,811
58,744
59,949
55,739
56,674
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial .
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
37,357
17,979
695
12,841
4,442
19,378
2,033
1,455
534
984
2,753
928
4,999
940
4,751
38,036
18,434
663
13,030
4,741
19,602
2,104
1,635
467
1,055
2,876
905
5,006
888
4,665
19,233
10,112
381
7,825
1,907
9,121
1,822
1,009
378
757
366
517
1,265
701
2,305
19,390
10,103
372
7,717
2,014
9,287
1,874
1,187
316
809
386
501
1,266
657
2,290
19,123
10,077
381
7,800
1,896
9,046
1,822
1,004
378
757
366
511
1,249
701
2,257
19,298
10,062
368
7,682
2,011
9,236
1,874
1,182
316
809
386
500
1,251
657
2,259
18,124
7,866
314
5,016
2,536
10,257
211
446
156
227
2,387
411
3,734
238
2,446
18,646
8,331
291
5,313
2,727
10,315
230
448
151
246
2,490
404
3,740
230
2,375
17,990
7,811
314
4,979
2,517
10,180
211
446
156
227
2,386
400
3,693
238
2,422
18,505
8,281
291
5,270
2,720
10,224
230
444
151
246
2,490
401
3,704
230
2,327
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supen/isors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supen/isors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing ...
Mail and message distributing .
Other administrative support, including clerical
37,744
4,055
1,655
1,192
1,208
15,251
4,494
2,487
1,504
6,680
86
18,438
717
404
3,730
2,257
944
10,386
38,037
4,216
1,694
1,301
1,222
15,388
4,507
2,626
1,527
6,641
87
18,433
702
397
3,684
2,233
948
10,469
13,525
1,999
356
941
702
7,632
2,779
1,386
1,150
2,301
16
3,894
294
163
94
178
566
2,600
13,565
2,023
320
1,009
694
7,617
2,681
1,445
1,128
2,347
15
3,925
308
156
67
187
594
2,614
12,805
1,960
352
916
692
7,160
2,738
1,374
1,146
1,886
16
3,686
294
158
86
178
549
2,422
12,793
1,987
314
984
689
7,092
2,670
1,434
1,121
1,852
15
3,715
308
153
57
179
569
2,448
24,219
2,055
1,299
251
506
7,619
1,715
1,101
354
4,379
70
14,544
423
241
3,637
2,079
378
7,787
24,471
2,193
1,374
291
528
7,771
1,826
1,181
399
4,294
71
14,508
395
242
3,617
2,046
353
7,855
22,622
2,039
1,292
241
505
6,600
1,697
1,078
348
3,409
68
13,983
420
234
3,537
2,046
362
7,384
22,757
2,149
1,358
277
514
6,649
1,793
1,165
392
3,235
63
13,959
391
238
3,493
2,021
348
7,469
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal sen/ice
16,793
827
2,095
13,871
5,731
2,416
2,959
2,766
17,708
829
2,427
14,451
5,995
2,545
3,088
2,823
6,581
35
1,714
4,832
2,383
273
1,680
495
7,105
42
2,005
5,057
2,549
291
1,753
464
5,763
22
1,675
4,067
1,776
271
1,588
433
6,214
34
1,973
4,208
1,854
275
1,648
431
10,212
792
381
9,039
3,348
2,142
1,279
2,270
10,603
787
422
9,394
3,446
2,253
1,334
2,360
9,176
691
361
8,124
2,683
2,073
1,240
2,129
9,412
699
407
8,306
2,708
2,132
1,250
2,216
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair .
13,610
4,445
5,218
3,947
14,027
4,782
5,327
3,919
12,413
4,289
5,105
3,018
12,847
4,581
5.228
3,038
12,165
4,223
4,967
2,975
12,536
4,446
5,092
2,998
1,197
156
113
929
1,180
201
99
881
1,170
151
110
909
1,171
201
96
874
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ....
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,854
7,882
5,135
3,928
1,207
4,837
685
4,152
18,179
8,121
5,275
4,108
1,167
4,783
751
4,032
13,433
4,945
4,626
3,472
1,154
3,863
648
3,215
13,679
5,155
4,724
3,622
1,102
3,800
725
3,075
12,559
4,780
4,536
3,391
1,145
3,243
616
2,627
12,785
4,983
4,609
3,550
1,059
3,193
677
2,516
4,421
2,937
509
455
54
975
37
938
4,501
2,966
551
486
65
984
26
957
4,246
2,858
497
444
54
891
37
854
4,305
2,892
540
475
65
873
26
847
3,027
1,190
1,837
2,895
1,115
1,780
2,456
929
1,527
2,346
881
1,465
2,276
917
1,359
2,185
872
1,313
571
261
310
549
234
315
535
259
276
525
234
291
Total.
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Women
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
126,384
100.0
128,882
100.0
67,640
100.0
68,932
100.0
58,744
100.0
59,949
100.0
29.6
14.2
15.3
29.9
3.2
12.1
14.6
13.3
.7
1.7
11.0
10.8
14.1
6.2
4.1
3.8
2.4
29.5
14.3
15.2
29.5
3.3
11.9
14.3
13.7
.6
1.9
11.2
10.9
14.1
6.3
4.1
3.7
2.2
28.4
15.0
13.5
20.0
3.0
11.3
5.8
9.7
.1
2.5
7.1
18.4
19.9
7.3
6.8
5.7
3.6
28.1
14.7
13.5
19.7
2.9
11.0
5.7
10.3
.1
2.9
7.3
18.6
19.8
7.5
6.9
5.5
3.4
30.9
13.4
17.5
41.2
3.5
13.0
24.8
17.4
1.3
.6
15.4
2.0
7.5
5.0
.9
1.7
1.0
31.1
13.9
17.2
40.8
3.7
13.0
24.2
17.7
1.3
.7
15.7
2.0
7.5
4.9
.9
1.6
.9
107,425
100.0
108,967
100.0
58,442
100.0
59,242
100.0
48,983
100.0
49,725
100.0
30.6
15.0
15.6
29.9
3.2
12.4
14.2
12.2
.6
1.5
10.0
11.2
13.4
5.9
4.0
3.5
2.6
30.6
15.0
15.6
29.5
3.3
12.3
13.9
12.6
.6
1.7
10.2
11.4
13.4
5.9
4.0
3.6
2.5
29.3
15.8
13.5
20.0
3.0
11.8
5.3
8.9
.1
2.4
6.4
19.0
18.9
7.1
6.6
5.3
3.9
29.0
15.4
13.6
19.7
3.0
11.5
5.2
9.2
.0
2.7
6.5
19.5
19.0
7.1
6.6
5.3
3.7
32.2
14.1
18.2
41.7
3.6
13.3
24.9
16.0
1.3
.5
14.3
2.0
6.9
4.5
.8
1.5
1.1
32.5
14.6
17.9
41.3
3.6
13.3
24.3
16.5
1.3
.6
14.7
1.8
6.9
4.4
.9
1.5
1.0
13,474
100.0
14,045
100.0
6,277
100.0
6,551
100.0
7,197
100.0
7,494
100.0
20.2
8.5
11.7
29.6
2.8
8.8
17.9
21.6
1.1
2.7
17.8
8.0
19.7
8.1
5.6
6.0
.8
20.2
9.1
11.1
29.5
2.9
9.0
17.6
21.8
1.0
3.3
17.5
7.9
19.7
9.3
5.7
4.8
.8
17.6
8.0
9.6
19.1
2.9
6.8
9.5
16.5
(M
4.2
12.3
15.1
29.9
9.4
10.5
10.0
1.7
17.9
8.4
9.5
18.3
2.3
7.0
9.0
18.1
.1
5.0
12.9
14.2
30.1
11.4
10.6
8.1
1.5
22.5
9.0
13.5
38.8
2.8
10.6
25.3
26.1
2.1
1.4
22.6
1.8
10.8
7.0
1.4
2.4
.1
22.2
9.7
12.6
39.4
3.5
10.8
25.1
25.0
1.8
1.9
21.4
2.4
10.7
7.4
1.3
2.0
.3
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
^ Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
January 1998
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other sen/ice industries
Professional services
Public administration
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Total
Executive,
Techniemadminisployed
cians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
AdminisPrivate
trative
Other
Sales support, houseservice"'
hold
including
clerical
_
2,938
633
7,861
20,870
12,585
8,286
148
96
1,263
2,890
1,742
1,148
79
63
131
2,050
1,403
647
35
20
31
636
402
234
18
7
53
796
299
497
179
53
396
1,999
1,164
835
9,333
26,260
4,808
21,452
1,298
2,414
579
1,835
583
545
87
458
313
219
44
175
288
10993
1,962
9,031
2,385
2,149
696
1,453
-
8,414
46,625
949
45,676
31,464
5,948
2,469
6,544
4
6,540
4,134
1,312
339
14,946
4
14,942
13,097
865
175
2,568
2
2,567
2,169
219
2,092
1,110
3
1,107
186
29
2,753
7,114
2
7,112
5,207
1,406
-
^ Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
-
-
829
829
—
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
25
6
22
314
145
169
29
247
4,612
3,902
2,760
1,142
23
30
104
6,438
3,722
2,716
35
89
429
786
398
388
1
18
808
987
483
504
2,366
3
11
72
67
6
305
4,974
36
4,938
1,271
1,486
329
1,157
163
360
128
231
2,224
1,047
509
537
494
1,991
385
1,606
9
82
53
30
343
9,090
74
9,016
5,501
1,800
165
2,103
3
2,100
414
213
15
952
7
621
3
618
329
36
17
445
10
436
69
22
39
303
15
288
80
9
-
952
277
36
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
January 1998
Nonagricultural industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,651
138
85
53
208
459
422
282
111
31
1,247
8
8
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,219
104
64
41
160
339
326
192
77
21
934
8
8
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
431
34
22
12
49
120
96
90
34
10
-
22
175
300
310
219
213
-
14
128
246
207
156
174
_
945
115
74
41
71
137
239
189
112
81
97,588
5,793
2,213
3,580
10,434
25,376
26,781
18,443
8,540
2,221
18,495
284
74
210
1,099
3,767
5,290
5,435
2,155
465
8,803
48
25
23
223
1,442
2,692
2,354
1,368
674
24
9
6
4
3
9
61,338
2,975
1,143
1,832
6,037
15,708
17,089
12,388
5,658
1,483
53,052
2,867
1,106
1,761
5,541
13,948
14,774
10,040
4,624
1,258
71
19
9
11
1
4
21
15
3
7
52,982
2,848
1,097
1,750
5,541
13,944
14,753
10,024
4,621
1,251
8,285
108
37
71
496
1,760
2,315
2,349
1,034
224
5,394
24
13
10
132
870
1,566
1,432
902
468
55,690
3,217
1,218
1,999
5,567
13,572
15,222
11,679
5,149
1,284
45,480
3,040
1,181
1,859
4,964
11,565
12,247
8,592
4,028
1,043
875
95
65
30
71
133
219
174
109
74
44,606
2,945
1,116
1,830
4,894
11,432
12,028
8,419
3,919
969
10,209
177
37
139
603
2,007
2,975
3,087
1,120
240
3,409
25
12
13
91
572
1,127
922
466
206
15
-
-
-
-
8
47
54
103
63
39
98,533
5,907
2,287
3,620
10,506
25,513
27,021
18,632
8,653
2,302
3
-
-
4
4
1
1
5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Govemment
117,028
6,192
2,361
3,830
11,604
29,280
32,311
24,067
10,807
2,767
-
313
Other
private
industries
40
9
6
4
3
13
4
1
1
8
-
-
Private
household
workers
Selfemployed
wori<ers
Unpaid
family
workers
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
114
1
1
-
10
21
32
31
11
9
23
-
1
-
4
7
4
3
3
1
91
-
6
14
27
28
8
8
January 1998
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
Percent distribution
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
124,632
2,705
121,926
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
30,902
1,323
5,176
15,571
8,831
992
89
221
488
194
29,909
1,235
4,955
15,083
8,637
24.8
1.1
4.2
12.5
7.1
36.7
3.3
8.2
18.0
7.2
24.5
1.0
4.1
12.4
7.1
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
93,730
8,866
45,670
39,195
14,662
14,675
9,858
1,713
159
624
930
220
335
375
92,017
8,706
45,046
38,265
14,442
14,340
9,483
75.2
7.1
36.6
31.4
11.8
11.8
7.9
63.3
5.9
23.1
34.4
8.1
12.4
13.8
75.5
7.1
36.9
31.4
11.8
11.8
7.8
39.2
43.3
38.0
44.4
39.2
43.3
Total, 16 years and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
_
_
_
—
—
—
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
Ail other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
30,902
9,557
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
21,345
29,909
9,194
20,715
4,090
2,476
1,295
137
181
1,577
1,305
2,513
1,170
1,295
48
7,618
110
805
1,895
194
1,236
3,317
3,646
23.7
25.6
22.3
19.3
2,589
1,216
1,315
58
4,299
2,611
1,315
191
182
1,710
1,395
26,603
967
5,748
717
6,760
1,768
1,943
196
1,337
7,167
7,847
111
823
1,943
196
1,337
3,376
3,791
25,820
954
5,558
688
6,643
1,689
1,895
194
1,236
6,963
22.8
21.1
23.5
25.5
22.3
19.2
22.9
21.2
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Usually
work
full time
-
133
182
-
61
-
-
18,756
856
4,925
717
6,699
1,768
-
-
90
181
-
61
-
—
18,202
844
4,753
688
6,581
1,689
-
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total, 16 years and over
121,926
29,909
Wage and salary workers
113,595
Industry and class of worker
For
economic
reasons
Worthed
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,090
7,618
18,202
92,017
39.2
43.3
27,003
3,664
6,956
16,383
86,592
39.3
43.1
581
47
7
31
9
534
48.7
49.1
6,183
1,434
432
619
383
4,749
39.0
40.9
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,976
12,082
7,894
2,375
1,212
1,163
416
169
247
1,204
688
516
755
355
400
17,601
10,870
6,731
42.4
42.9
41.6
43.4
43.7
43.0
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,593
23,937
7,614
1,241
8,341
1,341
200
1,241
79
503
1,047
522
537
6,054
740
7,352
15,596
6,273
42.5
36.6
40.5
44.3
43.4
42.7
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
40,907
911
39,997
5,804
11,453
541
10,912
771
1,254
96
1,158
35
2,552
39
2,514
477
7,647
407
7,240
259
29,454
370
29,085
5,033
38.0
28.5
38.2
41.8
42.9
43.4
42.9
42.9
8,217
114
2,849
58
419
6
662
1,768
52
5,368
56
38.7
33.0
45.5
(M
Mining
Construction
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Data not shown where base Is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
121,926
5,990
2,278
3,712
115,936
11,415
104,521
89,584
14,937
29,909
4,530
2,126
2,404
25,380
4,036
21,343
16,692
4,652
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
64,791
2,871
1,099
1,772
61,920
5,999
55,920
47,777
8,144
Age, sex, race, and marital status
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,090
300
47
253
3,790
664
3,125
2,755
370
7,618
161
28
133
7,457
683
6,773
5,787
986
18,202
4,069
2,051
2,017
14,133
2,689
11,445
8,150
3,295
92,017
1,460
152
1,308
90,557
7,378
83,178
72,893
10,285
39.2
23.0
16.6
26.9
40.1
35.6
40.6
41.1
37.0
43.3
38.6
36.0
38.9
43.3
41.3
43.5
43.6
42.8
11,175
2,022
1,004
1,018
9,153
1,804
7,348
5,373
1,976
2,037
155
32
122
1,883
338
1,545
1,366
178
3,672
96
17
79
3,575
375
3,200
2,695
505
5,466
1,771
954
817
3,695
1,092
2,603
1,311
1,292
53,616
849
95
754
52,767
4,195
48,572
42,404
6,168
42.0
24.5
17.5
28.8
42.8
37.4
43.4
44.1
39.6
44.6
38.6
35.8
39.0
44.7
42.1
44.9
45.1
44.0
57,135
3,119
1,179
1,940
54,016
5,416
48,601
41,808
6,793
18,735
2,508
1,122
1,385
16,227
2,232
13,995
11,319
2,676
2,052
145
14
131
1,907
327
1,580
1,388
192
3,946
65
11
54
3,881
309
3,573
3,092
481
12,736
2,297
1,097
1,200
10,439
1,597
8,842
6,839
2,003
38,401
611
57
555
37,789
3,184
34,606
30,489
4,117
36.0
21.7
15.9
25.2
36.9
33.6
37.2
37.8
34.0
41.4
38.6
White, 16 years and over
102,817
55,513
47,303
25,551
9,573
15,978
3,217
1,680
1,537
6,339
3,150
3,190
15,995
4,743
11,252
77,266
45,941
31,325
39.3
42.2
35.9
43.5
44.8
41.6
Black, 16 years and over
13,460
6,283
7,177
3,047
1,085
1,962
682
272
410
959
366
594
1,406
448
958
10,413
5,198
5,215
38.3
40.4
36.5
41.3
42.8
39.9
39,915
7,775
17,101
4,814
1,188
5,173
855
312
870
2,282
475
915
1,677
401
3,388
35,101
6,587
11,928
44.0
42.7
37.2
45.3
44.5
42.7
30,850
11,727
14,558
9,929
3,042
5,763
842
505
706
2,187
928
831
6,900
1,609
4,227
20,921
8,685
8,795
36.1
38.4
33.9
41.2
41.9
41.3
TOTAL
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
38.8
41.4
40.2
41.5
41.6
41.0
Race
Marital status
Men, 16 years and overMarried, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Widowed, divorced, or separated
^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures
and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1998
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over"*
Managerial and professional specialty ..
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical...
Sen/ice occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective .
Precision production, craft, and repair...
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ,
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Men, 16 years and over""
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective ,
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Women, 16 years and over""
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
^ Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
121,983
29,942
36,968
17,993
18,975
36,908
4,127
14,882
17,899
17,039
798
2,340
13,901
13,508
17,561
7,905
5,031
4,625
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons wl
usually wo
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,087
7,618
18,237
92,041
39.2
43.3
6,539
2,469
4,070
10,495
840
4,691
4,964
6,907
477
336
6,094
2,103
3,898
1,316
1,005
1,577
526
212
314
1,115
74
649
391
1,003
78
31
894
542
901
278
239
383
2,222
1,011
1,211
2,301
291
702
1,308
878
28
104
746
1,038
1,179
538
294
347
3,791
1,246
2,545
7,079
475
3,339
3,265
5,025
371
201
4,454
524
1,818
500
471
846
30,429
15,524
14,905
26,413
3,287
10,192
12,934
10,132
321
2,004
7,807
11,404
13,663
6,589
4,026
3,048
42.1
43.8
40.6
37.5
39.5
38.0
36.6
34.5
28.0
43.4
33.3
41.6
39.6
40.3
42.2
35.4
45.0
45.7
44.2
42.2
42.2
44.3
40.6
42.3
42.9
46.1
41.4
42.9
42.5
41.8
45.2
40.4
64,647
11,099
2,030
3,664
5,405
53,548
42.1
44.6
18,924
9,875
9,049
13,225
1,981
7,418
3,826
6,875
38
1,937
4,900
12,402
13,222
5,034
4,504
3,685
2,302
994
1,308
2,349
280
1,394
675
1,873
21
238
1,614
1,901
2,674
674
814
1,187
259
131
128
288
27
197
64
293
8
26
259
515
677
147
215
315
973
474
499
612
132
291
188
288
83
205
958
833
300
270
263
1,070
389
681
1,450
121
905
424
1,292
13
130
1,150
428
1,164
227
329
609
16,622
8,881
7,741
10,876
1,701
6,024
3,150
5,002
17
1,699
3,286
10,501
10,548
4,360
3,690
2,498
45.0
46.1
43.9
41.7
41.7
42.6
40.0
38.4
(2)
44.4
36.1
41.8
40.4
41.4
42.8
36.0
46.8
47.3
46.2
44.9
43.5
46.4
42.8
44.0
(2)
46.6
42.6
43.0
43.0
42.6
45.2
40.6
57,336
18,843
2,056
3,954
12,832
38,493
36.0
41.4
18,044
8,118
9,926
23,683
2,146
7,464
14,073
10,164
760
403
9,001
1,106
4,339
2,871
527
940
4,237
1,475
2,762
8,146
560
3,297
4,289
5,034
456
97
4,480
202
1,224
643
191
391
267
81
186
827
48
452
327
710
70
6
635
27
225
131
25
69
1,249
536
713
1,690
159
411
1,120
590
28
21
542
79
346
238
24
84
2,721
857
1,863
5,630
354
2,434
2,842
3,733
358
71
3,304
96
654
274
142
238
13,807
6,643
7,164
15,537
1,585
4,168
9,784
5,130
304
306
4,520
904
3,115
2,229
336
550
39.1
41.0
37.6
35.1
37.4
33.4
35.6
31.8
28.0
38.8
31.8
39.6
37.2
38.4
37.0
33.4
42.8
43.6
42.2
40.5
40.9
41.5
40.0
40.8
42.9
43.3
40.5
41.7
40.6
40.3
44.6
39.5
-
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
4,477
1,532
666
2,279
3,882
1,408
508
1,967
6.2
3.5
7.8
11.5
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,438
1,285
520
1,633
2,945
1,147
404
1,393
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
851
180
111
560
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
5.3
3.2
5.7
9.8
3,457
1,203
709
1,544
3,186
1,097
768
1,322
5.6
3.6
5.6
9.8
5.0
3.3
5.9
8.0
5.6
3.3
7.3
10.2
4.7
3.0
5.5
8.5
2,475
995
508
973
2,281
906
579
796
4.8
3.4
5.1
8.2
4.4
3.1
5.7
6.4
749
183
87
478
11.9
5.5
9.9
20.5
10.3
5.4
7.4
17.5
816
136
167
513
741
117
153
472
10.2
5.4
7.5
15.7
9.0
4.5
6.8
14.0
2,893
1,429
639
825
2,483
1,345
485
652
4.7
3.4
7.7
7.8
4.0
3.2
5.7
6.1
2,346
1,090
656
600
2,129
969
709
451
4.5
3.4
5.3
7.4
4.0
3.0
5.7
5.4
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,251
1,189
496
566
1,920
1,089
389
442
4.3
3.2
7.2
6.8
3.6
2.9
5.5
5.2
1,688
903
468
318
1,542
808
527
207
3.9
3.2
4.8
5.6
3.5
2.9
5.3
3.5
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
513
179
110
223
433
180
81
172
8.6
5.6
9.9
13.4
7.2
5.5
7.1
10.8
535
122
154
260
475
100
147
228
8.0
5.0
7.1
12.7
6.9
4.0
6.7
10.6
NOTE:
Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment rates
Jan.
1997
Women
Men
Total
Total
Occupation
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
7,933
7,069
5.9
5.2
6.2
5.3
5.6
5.0
845
399
446
801
394
407
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,927
135
979
812
1,845
102
872
870
4.9
3.2
6.0
4.2
4.6
2.4
5.4
4.5
4.3
3.3
4.3
4.7
4.2
2.2
4.1
5.3
5.2
3.2
7.7
4.1
4.9
2.5
6.6
4.3
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,370
95
90
1,186
1,226
80
130
1,016
7.5
10.3
4.1
7.9
6.5
8.8
5.1
6.6
8.2
(2)
3.9
9.4
6.8
(2)
5.4
7.3
7.1
9.2
4.8
7.0
6.2
8.3
3.7
6.2
941
225
553
163
869
161
548
161
6.5
4.8
9.6
4.0
5.8
3.2
9.3
3.9
6.6
4.6
9.6
3.9
5.9
3.4
9.2
3.5
5.3
10.2
7.6
4.1
5.6
.0
15.1
5.6
1,915
639
457
819
255
563
1,509
550
326
633
157
476
9.7
7.5
8.2
14.5
27.2
11.9
7.7
6.3
5.8
11.7
17.3
10.6
9.5
6.1
8.6
14.5
27.4
11.3
7.3
5.3
5.8
11.6
17.0
10.2
10.2
9.7
4.4
14.3
(2)
14.0
8.7
8.1
6.2
12.0
(2)
11.6
Farming, forestry, and fishing
376
336
11.0
10.4
11.4
9.5
15.2
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
523
332
89
102
449
270
101
77
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
^ Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
9.2
—
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Total
7,069
5.9
5.2
6.2
5.3
5.6
5.0
6,270
5,616
6.2
5.4
6.3
5.5
5.9
5.3
40
966
34
800
6.9
14.3
5.4
11.8
7.0
14.9
5.4
12.4
6.6
8.6
4.8
5.2
1,042
593
56
48
32
41
52
98
85
98
58
40
15
67
886
468
45
33
24
21
49
84
66
75
50
25
32
39
4.9
4.6
7.3
6.7
5.4
4.9
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.4
3.9
1.9
9.5
4.2
3.7
5.9
5.0
4.0
2.8
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.6
2.3
3.7
5.9
4.3
4.2
7.5
6.7
6.0
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.0
1.0
7.0
3.5
3.4
5.2
4.4
3.5
3.3
4.2
3.3
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.3
3.2
3.8
6.4
5.8
6.2
6.6
3.5
9.2
3.5
4.7
4.3
7.1
7.0
7.3
3.3
13.2
5.7
4.4
9.1
6.2
6.4
450
132
38
90
18
74
26
46
25
418
121
35
89
10
88
30
37
7
5.4
7.5
5.8
9.4
2.8
4.2
1.9
5.5
6.3
4.9
6.6
6.0
9.0
1.4
5.1
2.3
3.7
2.1
4.3
5.3
3.9
10.1
3.3
4.0
1.5
5.3
3.3
3.5
5.4
5.1
4.5
1.6
4.4
1.8
2.4
.8
6.9
12.1
8.3
9.0
1.6
4.4
2.6
6.1
11.3
7.1
9.2
7.1
11.1
.7
6.4
3.2
6.3
4.7
322
257
65
1,849
169
1,680
264
1,785
624
1,161
336
256
80
1,755
218
1,538
218
1,587
619
968
4.6
5.9
2.4
7.2
3.6
8.0
3.6
5.4
3.2
8.6
4.4
5.5
2.7
6.7
4.6
7.1
2.8
4.7
3.1
7.2
4.9
6.3
2.3
6.6
3.8
7.5
3.0
5.6
2.5
8.2
4.2
5.5
2.1
6.0
4.2
6.6
2.3
5.1
2.9
7.0
3.8
4.7
2.7
7.8
3.2
8.4
3.9
5.2
3.5
9.0
4.7
5.5
3.7
7.4
5.2
7.7
3.1
4.5
3.1
7.4
245
895
523
301
703
449
13.0
3.0
15.4
2.4
13.7
3.5
14.4
2.5
10.8
2.4
18.2
2.3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Women
7,933
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Govemment, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
Jan.
1997
Men
Jan.
1998
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other serwice industries
Total
Jan.
1997
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Fumiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Unemployment rates
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
-
1.8
2.9
4.1
4.2
5.4
2.3
4.5
9.1
—
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Total,
16 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Black
White
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
7,933
4,027
1,502
2,526
1,666
860
858
2,525
523
7,069
3,556
1,362
2,195
1,485
709
811
2,253
449
3,736
2,524
982
1,543
1,042
500
396
744
72
3,202
2,123
827
1,296
859
437
334
682
64
2,898
1,250
406
844
569
275
369
1,159
119
2,750
1,217
422
795
568
227
412
1,007
115
1,299
253
114
139
55
84
93
622
332
1,117 5,913 5,226 1,667 1,490
744
216 3,115 2,737
656
147
150
113 1,300 1,168
594
103 1,815 1,569
509
342
58 1,241 1,130
280
574
229
45
251
438
65
706
622
126
145
656
565 1,749 1,605
539
149
270
343
262
143
100.0
50.8
18.9
31.8
10.8
31.8
6.6
100.0
50.3
19.3
31.0
11.5
31.9
6.3
100.0
67.6
26.3
41.3
10.6
19.9
1.9
100.0
66.3
25.8
40.5
10.4
21.3
2.0
100.0
43.2
14.0
29.1
12.7
40.0
4.1
100.0
44.3
15.3
28.9
15.0
36.6
4.2
100.0
19.4
8.8
10.7
7.1
47.8
25.6
100.0
19.4
10.1
9.2
5.9
50.6
24.2
3.0
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.6
1.7
.3
3.7
.6
1.1
.1
3.1
.5
1.0
.1
2.1
.6
2.0
.2
2.0
.7
1.7
.2
3.5
1.3
8.6
4.6
2.9
.9
7.5
3.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
52.7 52.4 44.6 44.1
22.0 22.3
9.0
9.9
30.7 30.0 35.6 34.2
9.7
11.9 11.9
7.5
29.6 30.7 39.3 36.2
8.6 10.0
5.8
5.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
2.7
.6
1.5
.3
2.4
.5
1.4
.2
4.9
.8
4.3
.9
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
4.2
.9
3.5
1.0
(Percent distribution)
January 1998
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
7,069
3,556
1,362
2,195
1,485
709
811
2,253
449
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.3
46.5
61.1
37.4
35.8
40.7
48.7
42.7
27.3
28.8
30.2
29.2
30.8
30.6
31.2
25.8
25.4
40.6
26.9
23.3
9.6
31.8
33.6
28.1
25.6
31.8
32.1
11.7
11.5
6.9
14.4
15.0
13.1
9.1
12.3
14.3
15.2
11.8
2.7
17.5
18.6
15.0
16.5
19.5
17.8
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,202
2,123
827
1,296
859
437
334
682
64
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.5
41.1
56.2
31.5
29.5
35.4
43.0
39.5
31.3
34.1
33.6
34.3
33.5
36.0
28.2
24.1
(M
28.2
24.8
10.2
34.2
37.0
28.6
28.8
36.4
(M
11.1
11.5
7.2
14.2
15.5
11.6
8.1
10.0
(M
17.1
13.4
3.0
20.0
21.5
17.0
20.7
26.4
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,750
1,217
422
795
568
227
412
1,007
115
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.8
51.8
65.9
44.3
42.8
48.1
49.1
40.3
19.1
25.8
25.0
24.2
25.5
26.5
23.0
24.3
25.8
40.3
28.3
23.1
9.9
30.2
30.7
28.9
26.6
33.9
40.7
13.5
12.7
7.0
15.7
15.7
15.8
10.9
15.1
16.6
14.9
10.5
2.9
14.5
15.0
13.2
15.6
18.9
24.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,117
216
113
103
58
45
65
565
270
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.6
69.2
79.5
58.0
29.2
21.4
16.1
27.2
19.2
9.3
4.3
14.8
8.9
5.4
4.3
6.5
10.3
4.0
.0
8.3
^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
O
50.9
33.4
(M
26.4
42.7
(J)
O
O
(M
22.7
23.9
O
(M
12.5
13.5
10.2
10.4
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time wori<ers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
NOTE:
Thousands of persons
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
7,933
3,352
2,329
1,537
792
2,252
1,029
1,223
579
644
7,069
3,132
2,038
1,379
660
1,898
825
1,074
477
596
100.0
42.3
29.4
19.4
10.0
28.4
13.0
15.4
7.3
8.1
100.0
44.3
28.8
19.5
9.3
26.9
11.7
15.2
6.8
8.4
6,343
2,440
1,935
1,257
678
1,967
874
1,093
523
570
5,567
2,223
1,665
1,118
547
1,679
708
972
453
518
100.0
38.5
30.5
19.8
10.7
31.0
13.8
17.2
8.2
9.0
100.0
39.9
29.9
20.1
9.8
30.2
12.7
17.5
8.1
9.3
15.3
7.4
14.9
6.9
16.5
8.4
16.3
8.0
Beginning In 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Percent distribution
_
-
-
-
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
January 1998
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,069
1,117
1,340
1,585
1,588
933
392
114
3,132
576
626
734
619
386
148
42
2,038
326
406
439
475
239
113
39
1,898
215
309
412
493
308
131
32
825
99
143
173
203
151
46
8
1,074
115
166
238
290
157
84
24
14.9
11.0
11.9
14.8
16.8
17.2
23.7
16.8
6.9
4.4
5.6
6.6
8.2
7.9
8.6
9.2
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,882
680
719
815
805
535
255
72
1,649
354
289
370
307
219
86
24
1,203
202
262
231
253
156
77
23
1,030
125
168
214
246
159
92
25
410
54
78
70
94
70
36
8
620
71
90
144
152
90
56
17
15.3
11.3
12.0
16.1
16.7
16.6
25.2
(M
7.2
4.3
7.0
6.7
8.3
7.7
9.9
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,186
436
621
769
782
399
137
42
1,483
223
336
364
313
167
63
18
835
124
145
208
223
83
36
17
869
89
140
198
247
149
38
7
415
45
65
103
109
81
10
14.5
10.5
11.8
13.5
16.9
18.0
21.1
-
454
45
75
94
138
67
28
7
5,226
2,945
2,281
2,499
1,333
1,165
1,476
889
586
1,252
722
530
586
317
269
665
405
261
13.5
14.2
12.5
5.5
6.4
4.4
1,490
749
741
497
247
250
467
254
212
526
247
279
188
71
117
338
176
163
19.3
18.6
19.9
9.6
9.4
9.9
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,408
508
1,967
561
207
882
433
167
603
414
134
482
177
48
185
237
86
296
16.5
17.3
13.9
7.8
7.3
6.8
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,097
768
1,322
529
318
636
268
220
347
300
229
339
154
116
145
146
114
194
13.9
17.0
13.5
5.4
8.1
5.6
:
0)
0)
6.5
4.4
4.1
6.3
8.0
8.1
6.6
0)
Race
White, 16 years and over
Women
Black, 16 years and over
Women
Marital status
^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflects new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used In the household survey.
January 1998
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
801
1,845
1,226
869
1,509
336
362
862
597
372
674
136
175
487
299
311
460
121
264
496
331
186
375
79
116
237
149
81
126
50
148
259
182
105
249
29
17.7
13.9
15.0
14.2
14.9
11.2
7.0
6.8
5.3
6.8
6.5
7.4
301
810
886
468
418
1,094
5,317
684
3,414
387
132
335
376
207
168
159
908
88
840
53
108
290
254
135
119
91
464
63
453
27
61
185
257
126
130
124
385
76
534
49
33
92
100
50
50
48
175
37
232
17
28
93
156
76
80
76
209
40
302
32
10.8
13.2
17.6
16.1
19.3
16.0
12.3
18.6
15.7
20.8
6.3
7.2
7.6
6.9
8.2
7.2
4.4
8.2
6.7
9.7
449
123
182
144
64
80
17.2
9.2
INDUSTRY^
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
^ Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Category
Jan.
1997
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now^
Want a job^
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year^
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects^
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
ill health or disability
Other^
Jan.
1998
25 to 54
years
16 to 24
years
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
55 years
and over
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Women
Men
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
67,968 68,287 12,314 12,036 18,712 18,901 36,942 37,351 25,147 25,426 42,821 42,861
62,804 63,261 10,433 10,219 16,286 16,539 36,085 36,502 22,943 23,236 39,861 40,025
857
848 2,204 2,190 2,960 2,836
1,816 2,426 2,362
5,164 5,026
1,881
994
640
630 1,195 1,168 1,767
1,785
968 1,328 1,355
2,962 2,953
887
217
1,193 1,051
1,098 1,007
218 1,009 1,022
2,202 2,073
848
287
322
191
288
396
306
594
241
272
23
35
587
797
194
818
734
646
561
775
183
745
735
1,615 1,479
397
1,218
156
260
164
638
374
1,105
141
225
132
607
^ Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
^ Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
Sex
Age
Total
123
523
47
226
23
227
137
425
21
181
13
210
198
577
100
33
106
338
164
571
110
44
84
333
76
118
9
1
35
73
74
109
9
-
36
64
268
550
20
147
89
294
232
502
27
103
69
303
129
668
136
112
75
344
142
603
113
122
64
305
^ Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Number
Characteristic
Women
Men
Both sexes
Number
Rate1
Number
Rate^
Ratel
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
7,572
278
7,294
738
6,556
5,886
671
551
120
7,702
267
7,435
747
6,689
5,905
784
673
111
6.0
4.7
6.1
6.2
6.0
6.3
4.3
4.6
3.2
6.0
4.2
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.3
4.8
5.4
3.0
4,076
144
3,932
323
3,609
3,220
389
314
76
3,995
104
3,891
318
3,573
3,092
481
403
79
6.0
4.9
6.1
5.2
6.2
6.5
4.5
4.8
3.4
5.8
3.3
5.9
5.0
6.0
6.1
5.4
5.9
3.7
3,496
134
3,362
415
2,947
2,666
281
237
44
3,707
163
3,544
429
3,115
2,812
303
270
33
6.0
4.5
6.0
7.4
5.9
6.2
4.1
4.4
2.8
6.2
5.0
6.3
7.5
6.1
6.4
4.2
4.7
2.1
6,610
749
429
6,697
712
539
6.2
5.6
3.5
6.1
5.1
4.2
3,573
384
252
3,465
349
316
6.1
6.1
3.4
5.8
5.3
4.1
3,037
365
177
3,232
363
222
6.2
5.1
3.6
6.5
4.8
4.4
4,240
1,348
1,984
4,435
1,333
1,935
5.7
6.8
6.3
5.9
6.5
5.8
2,581
501
994
2,679
462
854
6.1
6.4
5.7
6.3
5.5
4.7
1,658
847
991
1,756
870
1,081
5.1
7.1
7.0
5.4
7.2
7.1
4,270
1,638
210
1,427
4,236
1,644
269
1,514
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,540
526
154
845
2,446
469
200
861
1,730
1,113
56
582
1,790
1,175
69
653
AGE
Total, 16 years and over^
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Blacl<
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
iVIarried, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
....
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
^ Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2 includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
nonlnstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
Jan.
1997
Jan.
1998
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,785
6,418
1,132
2,898
2,388
1,367
7,800
6,117
850
2,424
2,843
1,683
6,663
5,783
1,031
2,609
2,142
881
6,577
5,478
766
2,184
2,528
1,099
6,406
5,549
975
2,530
2,044
858
6,357
5,299
750
2,121
2,427
1,057
257
234
56
80
98
23
220
179
16
62
100
41
3.9
4.0
5.4
3.1
4.6
2.6
3.3
3.3
2.1
2.8
4.0
3.8
18,877
8,778
5,965
4,135
19,949
9,183
6,553
4,212
17,052
8,067
5,382
3,603
18,033
8,457
5,943
3,632
16,262
7,689
5,146
3,427
17,390
8,173
5,737
3,480
790
378
236
176
642
285
205
152
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.9
3.6
3.4
3.5
4.2
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5,1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data
reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Service-producing
Construc- Manufaction
turing
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Total
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Government
Servk:es
Federal
State
Local
Annual averages
1947
1948
1949
43,857
44,866
43,754
38,382
39,216
37,897
18,509
18,774
17,565
955
994
930
2,009
2,198
2,194
15,545
15,582
14,441
25,348
26,092
26,189
4,166
4,189
4,001
2,478
2,612
2,610
6,477
6,659
6,654
1,728
1,800
1,828
5,025
5,181
5,239
1,892
1,863
1,908
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221
11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105
25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171
20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391
64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630
5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614
5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668
17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997P
109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,523
122,259
91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,076
102,605
24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,431
24,738
709
689
635
610
601
581
574
574
5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,400
5,628
19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,457
18,537
84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,092
97,521
5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,261
6,424
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,483
6,657
19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,625
22,138
6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,899
7,053
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,377
35,595
3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,700
4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,624
4,648
10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,066
12,307
6,971
6,980
6,992
7,019
7,029
7,034
7,058
7,068
7,082
7,108
7,132
7,154
34,990
35,091
35,176
35,334
35,451
35,522
35,684
35,702
35,850
35,945
36,102
36,265
2,723
2,716
2,709
2,708
2,703
2,694
2.689
2.690
2,680
2,687
2,694
2,690
4.621
4,624
4.622
4.635
4.636
4,640
4,671
4.664
4.662
4.663
4,673
4,668
12,185
12,207
12,214
12,236
12,226
12,305
12,359
12,450
12,372
12,399
7,176
36,354
2,684
4.665
12,432
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November ..
DecemberP .
120,909
121,162
121,344
121,671
121,834
122,056
122,440
122,492
122,792
123,083
123,512
123,867
101,380
101,615
101,799
102,092
102,269
102,417
102,721
102,688
103,078
103,334
103,749
104,095
24,581
24,653
24,670
24,667
24,702
24,714
24,713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,888
24,988
574
574
572
573
576
574
574
573
576
574
572
574
5,542
5,604
5,609
5,599
5,628
5,622
5,625
5,637
5,642
5,650
5,682
5,742
18,465
18,475
18,489
18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,634
18,672
96,328
96,509
96,674
97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,624
98,879
6,351
6,376
6,405
6,421
6,431
6,434
6,443
6,289
6,473
6,497
6,495
6,470
6,630
6,634
6,664
6,675
6,687
6,712
6,729
6,746
21,917
21,922
21,945
22,029
22,026
22,079
22,159
22,189
22,215
22,258
22.403
22,472
124,225
104,444
25,123
574
5,834
18,715
99,102
6,519
6,776
22,496
6,570
6,593
6,611
6,622
-^2,396
12,414
1998:
JanuaryP
^ Not available.
2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P - preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1993) are
subject to revision.
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Construction
f^ining
Total private
Year and
month
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997P
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.81
12.26
345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.26
424.20
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.61
16.13
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.13
732.30
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.46
16.00
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
602.94
622.40
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
DecemberP
1998:
JanuaryP
. .
33.9
34.5
34.6
34.4
34.5
34.9
34.7
35.0
34.7
34.6
34.8
34.7
$12.11
12.14
12.17
12.17
12.17
12.17
12.15
12.21
12.39
12.43
12.51
12.51
$410.53
418.83
421.08
418.65
419.87
424.73
421.61
427.35
429.93
430.08
435.35
434.10
44.2
45.6
45.7
45.1
45.8
45.8
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.4
45.7
45.1
$16.18
16.06
15.98
16.05
15.98
16.11
16.03
15.94
16.23
16.19
16.38
16.47
$715.16
732.34
730.29
723.86
731.88
737.84
724.56
726.86
740.09
735.03
748.57
742.80
36.4
37.5
38.4
38.7
39.7
39.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
39.7
37.8
38.4
$15.73
15.69
15.67
15.75
15.83
15.88
16.00
16.09
16.27
16.30
16.25
16.34
$572.57
588.38
601.73
609.53
628.45
627.26
641.60
638.77
650.80
647.11
614.25
627.46
34.2
12.58
430.24
44.9
16.70
749.83
37.3
16.24
605.75
See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
,41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997P
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78
13.17
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.46
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65
553.14
38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.44
14.89
496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
571.82
591.13
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.43
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
515.71
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
DecemberP
1998:
JanuaryP
41.5
41.6
42.0
41.8
41.9
42.0
41.2
42.0
42.4
42.2
42.6
43.1
$13.04
13.02
13.08
13.09
13.09
13.10
13.11
13.15
13.24
13.29
13.37
13.48
$12.38
12.36
12.39
12.40
12.40
12.41
12.43
12.42
12.47
12.54
12.61
12.69
$541.16
541.63
549.36
547.16
548.47
550.20
540.13
552.30
561.38
560.84
569.56
580.99
38.8
39.5
39.5
39.2
39.3
39.8
39.4
40.5
40.2
39.8
40.3
39.8
$14.71
14.66
14.70
14.77
14.72
14.78
14.95
15.00
15.01
15.04
15.14
15.12
$570.75
579.07
580.65
578.98
578.50
588.24
589.03
607.50
603.40
598.59
610.14
601.78
37.9
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.4
$13.18
13.26
13.28
13.33
13.32
13.36
13.37
13.47
13.52
13.56
13.74
13.71
$499.52
510.51
511.28
510.54
512.82
517.03
512.07
518.60
519.17
520.70
531.74
526.46
41.8
13.42
12.71
560.96
39.5
15.16
598.82
38.1
13.77
524.64
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Services
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
36.2 ,
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997P
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.79
13.30
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.16
480.13
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
DecemberP
1998:
JanuaryP
28.0
28.7
28.7
28.6
28.8
29.4
29.6
29.7
29.0
28.8
28.8
29.2
$8.24
8.24
8.27
8.28
8.27
8.27
8.27
8.29
8.45
8.47
8.51
8.50
$230.72
236.49
237.35
236.81
238.18
243.14
244.79
246.21
245.05
243.94
245.09
248.20
35.7
36.7
36.5
35.9
35.9
36.6
35.8
36.1
35.8
35.9
36.7
35.8
$12.99
13.15
13.20
13.09
13.18
13.23
13.18
13.35
13.45
13.53
13.69
13.58
$463.74
482.61
481.80
469.93
473.16
484.22
471.84
481.94
481.51
485.73
502.42
486.16
32.0
32.7
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.6
$12.19
12.24
12.24
12.20
12.17
12.15
12.07
12.12
12.36
12.42
12.58
12.62
$390.08
400.25
399.02
395.28
394.31
398.52
395.90
398.75
401.70
404.89
412.62
411.41
28.1
8.61
241.94
35.9
13.63
489.32
32.4
12.68
410.83
^ Data relate to prcxluction workers in mining and nrianufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services,
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from N/larch 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are
subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
120,909 121,162 121,344 121,671 121,834 122,056 122,440 122,492 122,792 123,083 123,512 123,867 124,225
Total
101,380 101,615 101,799 102,092 102,269 102,417 102,721 102,688 103,078 103,334 103,749 104,095 104,444
Total private
24,581
24,653
24,670
24,667
24,702
24,714
24,713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,888
24,988
25,123
574
55
94
317
108
574
54
93
319
108
572
54
93
317
108
573
54
93
319
107
576
54
93
321
108
574
54
92
320
108
574
54
91
321
108
573
54
91
321
107
576
54
91
323
108
574
53
91
323
107
572
54
90
322
106
574
54
90
322
108
574
53
90
324
107
5,542
1,287
774
3,481
5,604
1,298
791
3,515
5,609
1,298
777
3,534
5,599
1,297
767
3,535
5,628
1,300
777
3,551
5,622
1,302
766
3,554
5,625
1,308
761
3,556
5,637
1,306
764
3,567
5,642
1,305
762
3,575
5,650
1,311
758
3,581
5,682
1,327
759
3,596
5,742
1,342
772
3,628
5,834
1,360
780
3,694
18,465
18,475
18,489
18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,634
18,672
18,715
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10,821
789
506
543
708
1,460
2,126
367
10,836
793
507
543
708
1,462
2,132
370
10,848
797
507
542
709
1,463
2,136
372
10.856
799
506
541
710
1,468
2,142
375
10,864
800
508
540
708
1,468
2,146
378
10,891
797
508
538
709
1,470
2,152
379
10,910
796
510
541
708
1,468
2,155
381
10,957
798
506
541
711
1,475
2,165
385
10,952
798
508
541
713
1,477
2,168
384
10,985
800
509
543
716
1,482
2,176
386
11,020
800
511
542
716
1,485
2,184
384
11,047
807
513
544
717
1,488
2,186
386
11,089
810
515
546
718
1,496
2,193
387
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,643
1,644
1,651
1,658
1,661
1,663
1,666
1,673
1,678
1,686
610
1,802
966
483
854
388
612
1,804
964
487
854
388
614
1,810
969
491
853
386
618
1,804
957
495
855
388
622
1,809
960
498
854
387
628
1,824
967
505
856
386
632
1,826
965
510
859
389
637
1,855
985
514
858
387
639
1,840
973
515
858
386
644
1,849
977
518
859
385
647
1,868
995
521
860
381
651
1,867
987
525
862
385
655
1,873
991
527
864
388
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products
7,644
1,695
41
615
835
678
1.534
1,028
139
985
94
7,639
1,694
42
612
831
678
1,534
1,028
139
987
94
7,641
1,698
42
612
827
677
1,535
1,028
140
988
94
7,639
1,699
41
609
822
677
1,541
1,029
140
988
93
7,634
1,693
41
609
818
677
1,546
1,030
139
988
93
7,627
1,692
41
607
816
675
1,550
1,027
138
989
92
7,604
1,684
41
608
810
675
1.549
1,023
138
986
90
7,598
1,679
40
604
810
675
1,547
1,024
138
991
90
7,601
1,688
40
605
803
675
1,547
1,026
138
990
89
7,605
1,690
41
604
800
675
1,548
1,028
137
993
89
7,614
1,701
42
602
796
676
1,551
1,028
137
992
89
7,625
1,705
40
604
795
677
1,554
1,028
138
996
88
7,626
1,707
39
601
790
678
1,556
1,028
138
1,002
87
96,328
96,509
96,674
97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,624
98,879
99,102
6,434
4,193
230
6,443
4,202
229
6,289
4,049
225
6,473
4,232
227
6,497
4,247
226
6,495
4,243
229
6,470
4,213
230
6,519
4,253
233
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
....
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ....
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....
6,351
4,121
228
6,376
4,142
227
6,405
4,164
226
6,421
4,179
225
6,431
4,187
226
452
1,656
175
1,168
14
428
2,230
1,354
876
453
1,664
175
1,178
14
431
2,234
1,358
876
455
1,671
175
1,191
14
432
2,241
1,364
877
460
1,676
177
1,192
14
435
2,242
1,369
873
458
1,687
176
1,192
14
434
2,244
1,372
872
457
1,686
178
1,192
14
436
2,241
1,372
869
461
1,692
176
1,193
14
437
2,241
1,372
869
464
1,703
179
1,025
14
439
2,240
1,376
864
457
1,708
176
1,211
14
439
2,241
1,376
865
458
1,710
178
1,221
14
440
2,250
1,385
865
459
1,702
177
1,222
14
440
2,252
1,390
862
461
1,697
175
1,196
14
440
2,257
1,395
862
463
1,707
172
1,223
14
441
2,266
1,405
861
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,570
3,863
2,707
6,593
3,879
2,714
6,611
3,889
2,722
6,622
3,900
2,722
6,630
3,909
2,721
6,634
3,917
2,717
6,664
3,938
2,726
6,675
3,957
2,718
6,687
3,962
2,725
6,712
3,978
2,734
6,729
3,993
2,736
6,746
4,006
2,740
6,776
4,024
2,752
1998
1997
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
21,917
914
2,757
2,420
3,474
21,922
918
2,752
2,416
3,477
21,945
922
2,783
2,452
3,478
22,029
931
2,799
2,446
3,480
22,026
932
2,787
2,452
3,482
22,079
928
2,798
2,450
3,487
22,159
930
2,803
2,458
3,502
22,189
929
2,822
2,470
3,505
22,215
926
2,818
2,469
3,507
22,258
926
2,824
2,474
3,520
22,403
934
2,868
2,522
3,521
22,472
936
2,884
2,530
3,523
22,496
945
2,897
2,561
3,534
2,307
1,051
1,107
1,020
7,552
2,786
2,311
1,053
1,103
1,022
7,556
2,783
2,315
1,055
1,104
1,025
7,525
2,793
2,319
1,055
1,105
1,026
7,571
2,798
2,316
1,054
1,099
1,032
7,572
2,806
2,315
1,056
1,097
1,034
7,595
2,825
2,318
1,055
1,096
1,042
7,639
2,829
2,325
1,057
1,102
1,044
7,618
2,844
2,331
1,057
1,102
1,049
7,626
2,856
2,336
1,060
1,108
1,055
7,626
2,863
2,338
1,062
1,111
1,062
7,669
2,900
2,339
1,060
1,108
1,070
7,690
2,922
2,342
1,062
1,114
1,072
7,695
2,897
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
6,971
3,351
2,032
1,478
255
533
239
572
214
2,218
1,505
6,980
3,355
2,034
1,479
255
530
241
576
215
2,219
1,503
6,992
3,366
2,037
1,482
254
534
242
579
216
2,217
1,500
7,019
3,381
2,041
1,486
253
539
243
583
218
2,221
1,502
7,029
3,389
2,043
1,488
253
542
244
586
218
2,222
1,503
7,034
3,394
2,044
1,487
254
543
243
586
221
2,226
1,506
7,058
3,405
2,048
1,490
253
545
243
592
220
2,230
1,509
7,068
3,414
2,048
1,491
252
549
245
595
222
2,232
1,510
7,082
3,427
2,048
1,491
251
554
249
600
225
2,232
1,511
7,108
3,444
2,052
1,495
250
559
252
605
228
2,239
1,516
7,132
3,457
2,058
1,500
250
558
252
610
231
2,247
1,521
7,154
3,470
2,064
1,502
253
559
251
614
233
2,259
1,531
7,176
3,482
2,065
1,504
253
562
250
619
236
2,259
1,531
713
1,402
716
1,406
717
1,409
719
1,417
719
1,418
720
1,414
721
1,423
722
1,422
721
1,423
723
1,425
726
1,428
728
1,425
728
1,435
Services^
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
34,990
647
1,743
1,195
7,476
893
2,743
2,427
35,091
649
1,746
1,197
7,521
897
2,758
2,432
35,176
648
1,746
1,196
7,577
896
2,787
2,457
35,334
664
1,756
1,193
7,594
902
2,752
2,419
35,451
669
1,752
1,189
7,618
903
2,744
2,409
35,522
668
1,744
1,182
7,645
903
2,748
2,407
35,684
673
1,747
1,182
7,682
901
2,767
2,425
35,702
675
1,747
1,185
7,657
894
2,732
2,395
35,850
680
1,756
1,187
7,732
902
2,762
2,423
35,945
684
1,765
1,188
7,759
902
2,770
2,427
36,102
687
1,763
1,197
7,832
903
2,819
2,484
36,265
679
1,754
1,185
7,913
906
2,864
2,514
36,354
684
1,761
1,187
7,942
905
2,854
2,498
1,268
1,117
380
530
1,490
9,586
1,713
1,750
3,841
677
942
2,042
2,432
578
684
1,278
1,123
379
532
1,495
9,600
1,720
1,751
3,846
676
943
2,046
2,438
579
686
1,291
1,126
380
529
1,494
9,612
1,721
1,753
3,852
678
946
2,047
2,445
580
690
1,306
1,132
382
528
1,503
9,644
1,728
1,760
3,857
684
951
2,062
2,458
581
694
1,322
1,136
384
532
1,542
9,673
1,740
1,764
3,864
682
952
2,062
2,466
587
695
1,337
1,131
386
537
1,561
9,673
1,740
1,761
3,869
682
953
2,074
2,474
590
698
1,347
1,137
387
539
1,576
9,697
1,745
1,762
3,877
685
957
2,089
2,494
594
702
1,360
1,139
388
550
1,563
9,712
1,745
1,765
3,884
685
957
2,094
2,497
600
703
1,375
1,145
388
549
1,568
9,731
1,754
1,764
3,892
684
962
2,105
2,502
597
707
1,387
1,148
388
550
1,563
9,750
1,763
1,766
3,900
682
963
2,110
2,507
594
709
1,401
1,153
389
551
1,583
9,771
1,773
1,767
3,910
683
968
2,118
2,511
594
711
1,419
1,157
391
564
1,600
9,791
1,779
1,768
3,918
680
973
2,122
2,524
599
716
1,435
1,163
391
557
1,609
9,805
1,787
1,763
3,931
674
974
2,112
2,534
604
719
87
2,192
2,916
857
913
87
2,192
2,927
862
919
87
2,193
2,934
866
923
87
2,199
2,965
869
936
88
2,201
2,971
869
941
88
2,202
2,988
877
950
88
2,209
3,010
878
959
88
2,206
3,027
881
968
88
2,202
3,038
886
969
88
2,204
3,061
891
976
89
2,199
3,074
893
979
88
2,208
3,098
902
993
88
2,210
3,120
906
1,005
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
19,529
2,723
1,862
4,621
1,928
2,693
12,185
6,831
5,354
19,547
2,716
1,861
4,624
1,931
2,693
12,207
6,849
5,358
19,545
2,709
1,856
4,622
1,929
2,693
12,214
6,853
5,361
19,579
2,708
1,856
4,635
1,938
2,697
12,236
6,858
5,378
19,565
2,703
1,851
4,636
1,943
2,693
12,226
6,850
5,376
19,639
2,694
1,843
4,640
1,950
2,690
12,305
6,902
5,403
19,719
2,689
1,839
4,671
1,972
2,699
12,359
6,954
5,405
19,804
2,690
1,830
4,664
1,961
2,703
12,450
7,030
5,420
19,714
2,680
1,824
4,662
1,962
2,700
12,372
6,957
5,415
19,749
2,687
1,832
4,663
1,962
2,701
12,399
6,963
5,436
19,763
2,694
1,826
4,673
1,967
2,706
12,396
6,964
5,432
19,772
2,690
1,819
4,668
1,965
2,703
12,414
6,963
5,451
19,781
2,684
1,816
4,665
1,961
2,704
12,432
6,974
5,458
^ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Nov.
Total
Total private
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
58,340 58,464 58,539 58,618 58,740 58,904 58,987 59,125 59,332 59,378 59,452 59,576 59,774
47,564 47,661 47,729 47,791 47,907 48,048 48,130 48,215 48,370 48,343 48,487 48,582 48,771
6,613
6,619
6,621
6,618
6,622
6,632
6,634
6,651
6,650
6,649
6,655
6,672
6,683
78
78
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
80
79
613
615
616
618
619
624
628
629
631
631
635
639
642
5,922
5,926
5,927
5,922
5,925
5,930
5,927
5,943
5,940
5,939
5,941
5,953
5,962
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, day, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,845
136
158
101
101
321
459
680
369
(1)
171
2,849
136
158
102
101
322
461
679
370
(1)
171
2,856
137
158
102
102
323
463
678
373
(1)
172
2,857
137
158
102
102
322
465
677
374
(1)
172
2,861
137
159
102
103
322
467
677
376
(1)
171
2,867
138
159
102
102
324
469
677
377
(1)
171
2,868
138
160
101
101
324
471
677
378
(1)
171
2,884
138
160
101
103
326
473
681
384
(1)
171
2,890
139
160
102
102
325
475
683
383
(1)
172
2,899
139
160
101
103
327
477
682
392
(1)
170
2,901
139
159
101
103
327
478
687
390
(1)
169
2,914
139
160
102
103
327
481
690
394
(1)
169
2,925
140
160
103
104
328
482
694
397
(1)
167
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,077
555
13
287
628
164
693
326
25
335
51
3,077
557
13
288
625
165
692
326
25
335
51
3,071
558
13
287
621
164
691
326
25
335
51
3,065
557
13
286
617
164
691
326
25
336
50
3,064
558
13
286
614
164
690
327
25
336
51
3,063
558
12
285
611
164
694
327
25
337
50
3,059
557
13
285
605
164
696
327
25
337
50
3,059
558
12
285
603
164
700
327
24
337
49
3,050
554
13
285
603
163
699
325
25
335
48
3,040
551
12
282
599
163
698
325
24
338
48
3,040
553
13
283
593
164
699
326
24
338
47
3,039
555
13
282
590
165
699
326
24
338
47
3,037
559
13
280
583
165
700
326
24
340
47
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
51,727 51,845 51,918 52,000 52,118 52,272 52,353 52,474 52,682 52,729 52,797 52,904 53,091
Transportation and public utilities
1,921
1,905
1,927
1,931
1,936
1,941
1,944
1,943
1,940
1,893
1,944
1,946
1,946
Wholesale trade
2,023
2,025
2,033
2,036
2,043
2,045
2,049
2,050
2,054
2,056
2,053
2,061
2,061
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
11,513 11,550 11,536 11,523 11,562 11,603 11,609 11,633 11,679 11,687 11,700 11,719 11,799
4,383
4,392
4,395
4,400
4,406
4,418
4,429
4,437
4,445
4,454
4,462
4,475
4,486
Services
21,111 21,170 21,217 21,283 21,338 21,409 21,465 21,501 21,602 21,604 21,673 21,709 21,796
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,776 10,803 10,810 10,827 10,833 10,856 10,857 10,910 10,962 11,035 10,965 10,994 11,003
1,144
1,141
1,142 1,136
1,142 1,148
1,149 1,147
1,147
1,157
1,165 1,155 1,151
2,342 2,342 2,341 2,348 2,350 2,354 2,364 2,368 2,391 2,390 2,385 2,396 2,400
7,277 7,296 7,314 7,328 7,334 7,355 7,346 7,398 7,430 7,503 7,444 7,456 7,455
^ This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1998
1997
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
Total Drivate
83,043 83,318 83,476 83,664 83,865 83,965 84,243 84,097 84,447 84,624 84,986 85,253 85,398
Goods-producing
17,495 17,578 17,561 17,542 17,592 17,573 17,577 17,610 17,618 17,643 17,712 17,793 17,917
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
430
432
432
432
437
435
435
434
436
435
432
436
436
4,307
4,384
4,358
4,336
4,365
4,347
4,350
4,361
4,364
4,357
4,398
4,444
4,538
12,758 12,762 12,771 12,774 12,790 12,791 12,792 12,815 12,818 12,851 12,882 12,913 12,943
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,417
652
400
423
553
1,099
1,331
1,042
1,222
762
(2)
273
7,427
652
401
424
553
1,101
1,336
1,043
1,222
759
(2)
273
7,437
656
402
422
553
1,103
1,342
1,043
1,225
761
(2)
271
7,440
658
402
420
553
1,107
1,349
1,041
1,220
752
(2)
271
7,454
659
403
420
553
1,107
1,350
1,040
1,231
758
(2)
272
7,466
656
404
419
555
1,109
1,354
1,043
1,234
766
(2)
271
7,482
655
405
422
554
1,106
1,356
1,048
1,243
768
(2)
272
7,525
656
403
422
558
1,116
1,361
1,054
1,265
784
(2)
271
7,518
657
404
422
558
1,115
1,361
1,055
1,256
774
(2)
269
7,545
658
405
424
561
1,119
1,371
1,056
1,261
775
(2)
269
7,570
659
407
424
562
1,121
1,376
1,060
1,274
789
(2)
266
7,592
667
408
425
562
1,125
1,377
1,065
1,270
782
(2)
270
7,622
670
411
426
563
1,131
1,384
1,070
1,270
779
(2)
271
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,341
1,260
32
522
683
517
834
567
91
763
72
5,335
1,257
32
519
680
517
834
567
92
765
72
5,334
1,261
32
519
675
516
834
567
92
766
72
5,334
1,263
31
517
671
516
839
567
92.
767
71
5,336
1,257
31
516
670
517
846
568
92
768
71
5,325
1,256
31
515
667
515
847
566
91
767
70
5,310
1,248
32
516
665
514
846
565
91
764
69
5,290
1,242
31
512
658
513
842
566
91
767
68
5,300
1,252
31
513
654
514
841
569
91
768
67
5,306
1,255
32
513
652
514
842
571
90
769
68
5,312
1,263
33
511
648
515
844
573
90
768
67
5,321
1,265
31
512
647
517
845
575
91
772
66
5,321
1,268
32
509
641
520
840
577
91
777
66
Service-producing
65,548 65,740 65,915 66,122 66,273 66,392 66,666 66,487 66,829 66,981 67,274 67,460 67,481
Transportation and public utilities
5,349
5,372
5,397
5,412
5,420
5,421
5,419
5,226
5,417
5,427
5,415
5,392
5,424
Wiiolesaie trade
5,307
5,323
5,340
5,339
5,348
5,347
5,368
5,374
5,377
5,396
5,407
5,418
5,440
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
19,282 19,298 19,338 19,384 19,398 19,434 19,497 19,513 19,538 19,576 19,724 19,774 19,750
5,088
5,099
5,103
5,124
5,137
5,154
5,161
5,171
5,196
5,217
5,232
5,252
30,522 30,648 30,737 30,863 30,972 31,053 31,228 31,213 31,326 31,386 31,511 31,644 31,615
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
5,135
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries^
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
57.6
62.4
103.4
59.3
P62.5
61.9
60.1
128.6
59.1
67.1
54.5
120.2
59.0
64.5
55.6
109.8
61.1
57.7
48.0
125.8
57.4
63.9
53.9
121.0
50.7
62.5
54.1
113.0
58.8
62.6
59.8
118.6
58.7
61.4
57.0
108.8
56.5
60.3
54.9
125.2
64.2
63.8
57.2
116.2
61.7
62.4
57.9
122.0
P60.8
Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
65.3
65.4
125.2
64.6
69.5
62.5
127.2
62.2
70.4
58.7
125.2
64.2
68.7
53.2
122.4
65.6
67.1
54.6
124.2
59.7
67.0
52.4
126.2
58.7
69.1
57.9
125.2
59.1
69.7
59.6
117.6
65.0
65.7
59.7
125.6
65.3
65.6
59.0
120.8
67.3
67.0
57.0
129.4
P68.3
66.2
56.3
130.0
P67.3
Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
71.1
66.9
124.4
67.6
69.8
61.4
127.0
66.6
69.8
58.1
127.0
64.5
70.9
56.6
127.0
64.6
70.1
58.1
125.2
64.3
69.8
58.1
122.4
66.7
69.7
56.7
130.6
67.0
69.4
59.8
127.2
68.3
69.4
60.3
125.2
P69.5
67.4
59.1
129.0
P71.2
67.7
61.5
128.4
66.2
63.3
134.8
Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
70.2
63.6
127.0
67.3
71.6
62.4
129.4
66.2
71.8
62.6
124.8
69.4
71.8
63.3
125.8
70.4
72.1
61.7
129.4
70.1
71.8
61.9
128.4
P69.5
71.5
58.7
130.0
P70.4
72.1
62.2
126.2
70.1
62.2
127.6
69.5
61.1
133.4
66.6
62.2
131.4
65.0
63.3
130.0
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries^
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
55.8
54.3
91.4
54.0
P60.1
59.0
56.1
108.6
50.4
60.4
44.2
95.6
52.9
58.6
51.4
78.4
52.9
52.9
42.1
104.4
51.4
58.6
42.8
104.4
49.3
59.4
43.5
88.4
51.8
56.1
52.2
105.8
49.6
52.9
47.1
88.4
54.3
55.0
50.0
101.4
57.6
58.6
47.5
99.2
59.4
58.3
50.7
104.4
P55.4
Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
61.9
59.7
95.0
53.2
64.7
50.4
95.6
51.4
65.5
47.5
84.2
50.7
59.7
40.3
77.0
52.5
57.6
42.4
86.4
48.6
60.1
36.3
90.0
48.9
62.2
38.5
97.8
48.6
57.9
43.9
86.4
53.6
55.0
49.3
100.8
55.8
55.4
46.4
92.8
62.9
60.1
45.3
105.0
P62.9
59.4
43.9
105.0
P65.1
Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
62.2
55.8
82.8
53.2
62.2
48.6
83.4
53.2
62.6
43.9
82.0
50.4
63.3
38.8
76.2
49.3
59.4
39.2
79.2
48.6
56.5
39.6
81.2
52.2
56.5
38.8
95.0
55.0
58.6
39.6
93.6
58.3
58.6
43.9
90.6
P59.0
55.0
45.0
100.8
P62.9
58.3
44.2
96.4
55.0
44.6
106.4
Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
57.9
46.0
79.2
51.4
58.6
44.2
85.6
47.8
60.8
46.0
78.4
52.2
60.8
47.8
79.2
55.0
60.8
41.0
84.8
57.6
63.3
41.7
80.6
P56.5
59.4
38.5
87.0
P56.1
60.1
38.8
80.6
57.2
36.3
87.0
56.5
37.4
93.6
50.4
38.1
92.8
49.6
39.9
94.2
^ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-. 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
Increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,
where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1993) are subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Total^
1,839.6 1,847.3 1,844.0 1,847.5 1,841.8 1,845.2 1,846.4 1,847.5 1,852.7 1,854.4 1,857.2
267.0
266.7
266.7
265.8
266.8
266.2
265.4
264.4
265.1
263.2
262.6
1,950.2 1,956.9 1,960.4 1,972.1 1,974.7 1,980.5 1,982.2 1,991.8 2,008.6 2,020.3 2,025.8
1,092.5 1,094.6 1,095.7 1,097.9 1,099.1 1,095.6 1,096.0 1,098.9 1,099.3 1,103.1 1,105.8
13,004.1 13,052.6 13,070.3 13,107.3 13,128.5 13,143.0 13,150.2 13,206.6 13,236.2 13,268.8 13,309.4
1,836.5
263.0
1,937.1
1,837.3
262.6
1,934.5
12,944.5
12,960.1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
1,921.5
1,596.5
382.1
620.7
6,283.3
1,922.0
1,593.6
381.5
618.0
6,297.4
1,933.3
1,597.4
383.9
621.3
6,316.7
1,938.6
1,598.6
385.0
619.6
6,330.6
1,933.5
1,602.6
386.1
615.8
6,358.5
1,935.8
1,607.0
387.6
613.2
6,384.0
1,938.9
1,613.2
388.1
614.9
6,399.1
1,940.3
1,620.5
388.5
618.1
6,404.6
1,938.9
1,620.5
389.5
614.1
6,414.9
1,949.7
1,622.7
392.6
611.9
6,449.7
1,953.4
1,622.3
394.2
610.8
6,460.5
1,958.9
1,628.3
394.6
609.0
6,488.6
1,968.2
1,632.8
396.1
608.5
6,509.8
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
3,571.0
528.2
498.0
5,714.4
2,825.7
3,555.0
532.3
497.2
5,699.8
2,814.9
3,558.1
530.9
499.0
5,708.8
2,823.2
3,567.7
528.8
500.5
5,721.7
2,833.8
3,573.9
529.0
501.3
5,733.2
2,839.1
3,584.4
528.1
503.5
5,743.3
2,852.2
3,588.9
528.1
501.2
5,752.1
2,855.1
3,609.4
527.1
502.9
5,752.9
2,842.9
3,622.8
529.0
502.1
5,753.4
2,850.6
3,644.7
529.7
503.8
5,766.3
2,847.7
3,666.5
528.2
504.1
5,769.7
2,857.0
3,681.3
527.2
505.8
5,781.7
2,856.0
3,703.5
525.2
502.9
5,788.9
2,862.4
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
1,392.1
1,247.4
1,688.6
1,829.6
540.8
1,391.4
1,247.6
1,689.2
1,828.2
545.2
1,393.3
1,250.5
1,691.9
1,831.0
545.7
1,395.5
1,258.8
1,701.6
1,833.1
546.5
1,400.7
1,257.8
1,704.3
1,837.9
546.3
1,403.2
1,263.2
1,709.7
1,835.8
546.4
1,407.2
1,263.4
1,708.7
1,839.2
548.0
1,404.4
1,266.7
1,711.2
1,838.9
549.8
1,403.0
1,263.7
1,706.4
1,837.0
551.2
1,403.9
1,268.6
1,715.1
1,842.6
553.2
1,411.6
1,273.3
1,710.5
1,847.8
553.0
1,412.6
1,276.1
1,716.1
1,849.7
555.9
1,416.0
1,275.6
1,724.2
1,849.6
556.5
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
2,223.1
3,075.9
4,376.2
2,453.7
1,096.5
2,225.6
3,071.4
4,377.9
2,455.6
1,093.2
2,238.1
3,075.7
4,398.1
2,465.5
1,093.8
2,243.5
3,083.3
4,401.4
2,474.1
1,097.2
2,238.5
3,090.7
4,398.6
2,468.4
1,099.1
2,244.7
3,103.1
4,409.8
2,478.7
1,101.7
2,254.2
3,107.3
4,406.2
2,487.7
1,097.7
2,253.8
3,115.0
4,401.1
2,489.4
1,099.9
2,246.7
3,117.6
4,402.0
2,489.4
1,104.6
2,249.9
3,130.5
4,417.1
2,492.3
1,104.8
2,254.8
3,140.4
4,421.3
2,494.3
1,107.2
2,263.2
3,149.6
4,429.2
2,503.3
1,108.4
2,266.4
3,158.6
4,449.1
2,510.9
1,106.5
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
2,592.8
360.6
843.4
869.9
566.6
2,584.1
359.6
846.6
874.1
566.1
2,599.8
361.5
848.6
879.4
566.4
2,599.6
362.3
852.5
882.8
568.0
2,597.9
363.1
848.7
886.8
568.0
2,609.0
365.1
847.5
890.6
572.8
2,611.9
364.4
848.7
898.3
574.4
2,601.5
364.4
853.2
898.8
579.5
2,610.5
364.4
847.4
896.9
576.2
2,611.3
364.6
855.5
904.7
573.0
2,612.6
365.6
856.9
904.7
573.6
2,622.1
366.6
861.3
910.5
573.6
2,626.0
368.7
864.1
911.8
576.0
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
3,668.7
700.6
7,963.4
3,615.8
312.5
3,678.2
699.0
7,942.0
3,619.8
312.6
3,686.1
700.1
7,958.0
3,617.1
314.3
3,691.0
701.1
7,977.3
3,628.4
314.0
3,692.0
701.6
7,984.4
3,629.9
312.6
3,694.5
702.8
7,994.4
3,636.8
315.3
3,701.0
707.8
8,001.4
3,634.0
318.0
3,706.1
708.2
8,015.0
3,628.0
318.0
3,697.7
707.1
8,018.1
3,631.4
318.4
3,717.9
708.6
8,042.0
3,647.0
318.5
3,724.6
709.5
8,062.3
3,653.9
319.1
3,733.4
711.1
8,072.8
3,669.3
320.3
3,746.8
712.8
8,086.0
3,674.1
321.4
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
5,329.7
1,376.6
1,501.6
5,361.4
445.6
5,326.9
1,377.7
1,504.2
5,367.8
442.6
5,335.6
1,380.3
1,512.6
5,388.2
442.5
5,339.0
1,384.2
1,510.8
5,393.0
444.1
5,335.3
1,378.9
1,519.6
5,407.7
444.9
5,347.7
1,386.4
1,523.5
5,422.2
445.1
5,357.9
1,387.8
1,526.1
5,420.4
444.3
5,351.6
1,391.8
1,529.6
5,421.7
443.9
5,360.1
1,402.1
1,527.3
5,414.6
445.9
5,362.0
1,400.2
1,533.3
5,451.4
448.1
5,358.5
1,404.2
1,536.4
5,460.0
449.6
5,371.1
1,408.8
1,537.8
5,470.9
450.2
5,382.5
1,410.2
1,550.2
5,467.6
452.1
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
1,684.1
351.4
2,556.2
8,353.0
973.6
1,680.2
350.1
2,553.3
8,329.1
974.9
1,685.1
351.8
2,558.6
8,374.7
979.0
1,691.0
349.9
2,554.9
8,391.5
980.3
1,696.7
349.5
2,552.0
8,415.5
982.8
1,703.3
354.4
2,550.1
8,442.2
989.2
1,706.5
352.4
2,555.5
8,447.0
994.7
1,707.9
353.9
2,547.2
8,465.2
996.8
1,708.3
353.2
2,550.5
8,486.1
997.6
1,713.0
354.5
2,559.6
8,517.8
1,002.6
1,715.9
354.1
2,565.5
8,523.9
1,004.3
1,723.6
354.9
2,571.0
8,556.5
1,011.3
1,731.5
356.4
2,576.3
8,580.7
1,013.9
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
275.9
3,175.8
2,448.3
701.5
2,629.0
221.7
277.1
3,184.9
2,452.8
701.5
2,624.4
221.0
277.6
3,193.9
2,456.6
703.7
2,627.8
221.4
277.2
3,199.3
2,467.4
708.2
2,635.0
222.1
278.0
3,194.9
2,473.8
708.5
2,637.3
221.0
278.5
3,200.9
2,485.0
707.9
2,645.1
221.7
279.3
3,200.8
2,499.6
709.9
2,651.1
220.2
279.0
3,212.9
2,508.7
709.5
2,647.6
221.7
278.2
3,219.5
2,512.9
711.2
2,651.6
221.2
278.2
3,227.3
2,520.0
710.6
2,661.4
222.0
280.3
3,238.7
2,526.8
709.8
2,670.3
224.1
279.6
3,251.2
2,530.7
712.4
2,678.1
222.1
279.6
3,263.0
2,536.7
711.7
2,684.0
222.0
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
96.5
12.8
129.2
48.3
527.4
97.8
12.6
126.4
47.4
537.8
98.2
12.1
127.0
48.1
548.1
99.9
11.8
127.8
49.1
549.5
98.9
12.2
129.3
49.4
548.5
100.3
12.5
132.0
49.5
552.4
98.8
12.5
132.6
49.7
553.3
98.8
12.6
133.9
49.7
559.7
98.5
12.6
133.0
50.0
564.6
98.3
12.4
133.3
50.3
568.5
98.1
12.3
134.5
49.7
571.8
97.9
12.4
134.0
49.6
571.9
97.9
12.7
134.2
49.8
579.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
114.7
51.7
21.9
8.5
324.9
111.7
51.9
21.6
8.5
325.9
115.8
52.6
22.1
9.1
329.2
115.9
53.1
22.1
9.0
328.9
116.4
53.7
22.1
8.6
329.7
116.7
54.7
22.3
8.7
331.4
116.2
55.7
22.8
8.8
335.1
116.3
55.7
22.6
8.9
335.6
116.5
55.9
22.8
8.4
335.9
117.6
56.6
23.0
8.2
337.0
117.6
56.8
23.3
8.2
336.9
114.1
57.1
23.0
8.3
338.4
117.7
56.3
23.1
8.4
339.9
Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
165.8
22.7
30.4
223.2
132.9
164.1
22.4
30.2
220.5
131.0
165.2
22.4
30.7
219.1
132.9
164.0
21.8
31.5
220.0
133.9
165.5
21.5
32.2
225.8
137.6
164.8
21.3
33.0
222.3
138.5
164.7
21.4
33.0
224.2
137.3
165.4
21.1
33.1
225.0
135.4
166.8
20.9
33.4
225.4
135.0
168.6
21.0
33.7
225.2
134.5
169.5
21.3
33.4
224.9
134.1
169.8
21.3
33.0
226.7
133.4
170.8
20.9
32.4
228.1
134.7
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky..
Louisiana .
Maine
61.3
58.2
77.8
113.6
23.6
59.1
56.7
79.8
112.8
23.8
60.7
58.1
78.7
114.1
23.5
60.9
60.2
79.0
111.6
23.7
63.0
60.0
78.6
114.2
23.4
62.5
60.6
78.9
113.6
23.6
62.0
60.3
77.0
114,1
24.0
61.9
60.6
78.0
114.3
24.2
61.2
60.7
77.7
115.8
24.5
61.3
61.4
78.1
114.3
24.4
61.8
61.8
78.5
114.5
24.2
62.4
61.9
78.7
113.1
24.7
64.3
61.1
79.3
112.8
24.7
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
133.3
97.0
172.9
89.7
49.6
137.6
97.2
173.3
92.3
48.5
139.2
98.3
179.7
92.3
48.1
140.7
98.2
180.5
92.3
48.0
139.0
98.4
183.4
91.3
48.7
138.5
99.9
184.8
92.6
49.1
138.9
98.7
186.6
93.1
48.4
138.1
98.9
187.0
92.5
48.9
138.3
98.9
188.8
92.9
50.2
137.9
98.5
187.5
93.1
50.0
138.6
99.4
188.9
93.1
50.8
139.1
100.8
190.2
94.0
50.1
140.0
102.2
189.3
94.0
50.0
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
120.5
17.5
37.1
80.0
21.6
117.7
16.8
38.3
80.2
21.2
121.7
17.4
38.6
81.5
21.1
118.5
17.3
39.0
81.4
21.2
116.0
17.2
38.0
83.2
21.0
117.8
18.4
38.2
83.4
22.1
117.1
18.0
37.8
84.5
21.6
116.8
18.4
37.8
84.5
21.0
118.7
19.0
37.5
84.5
21.3
121.4
18.1
37.7
85.2
21.6
120.3
18.2
37.7
84.5
21.5
121.2
18.7
38.1
85.4
21.1
118.6
19.5
38.9
86.3
21.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...
North Dakota
124.0
41.5
261.4
194.6
15.5
125.0
41.4
251.2
198.2
15.6
125.4
41.9
253.9
200.3
15.9
126.3
42.0
257.9
200.5
15.8
125.7
41.3
259.4
199.7
14.8
126.6
41.7
260.8
199.2
15.7
126.5
41.8
262.0
197.8
16.9
126.3
42.2
263.8
198.2
16.9
127.6
42.3
267.3
199.4
16.8
128.4
42.5
269.2
201.6
16.4
128.3
42.2
269.1
201.8
16.2
128.1
41.8
270.3
203.2
16.5
128.8
42.0
270.6
203.3
16.7
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
217.2
51.5
81.5
205.8
13.3
215.4
51.0
81.8
211.6
13.9
217.7
51.7
81.9
214.2
14.3
217.7
52.2
79.5
213.0
14.8
219.9
51.5
81.7
214.4
15.1
220.8
51.7
83.5
214.2
14.8
222.4
51.7
85.6
218.2
14.2
219.6
51.6
85.6
215.5
14.5
218.7
52.1
86.2
215.5
14.9
219.9
52.4
86.9
217.2
14.8
221.3
52.3
84.5
218.4
14.5
220.7
52.6
84.7
220.6
14.9
222.6
52.9
87.0
221.0
15.0
South Carolina .
South Dakota...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
95.2
14.8
114.7
445.1
61.9
95.8
14.8
115.1
437.1
62.0
96.3
14.7
115.8
447.3
62.1
96.6
14.3
114.5
449.2
61.5
96.1
14.1
114.5
451.1
61.4
97.3
15.0
118.0
456.0
63.9
98.9
14.9
117.8
458.8
65.1
98.5
15.0
118.7
457.7
66.3
98.9
15.1
119.2
460.5
66.2
98.9
15.2
120.0
461.3
66.2
99.7
15.0
120.2
460.2
66.5
100.0
15.1
120.9
463.2
67.1
101.3
15.7
122.8
465.2
66.9
Vermont
Virginia
Washington....
West Virginia ,
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.8
178.2
130.1
35.2
108.9
14.6
12.8
183.1
130.6
35.4
107.8
14.6
12.6
184.5
130.6
35.7
106.8
14.3
12.2
184.5
131.1
36.8
109.0
14.2
12.3
183.0
132.4
36.2
110.0
13.9
12.2
183.0
132.5
35.0
111.4
14.2
12.1
182.5
133.0
35.5
113.0
13.7
12.2
182.4
133.3
36.0
112.9
14.0
12.3
182.8
134.3
36.5
112.7
14.5
12.2
182.4
134.8
35.8
111.0
14.8
12.3
185.3
135.2
35.1
111.1
15.2
12.5
186.5
136.9
35.0
111.2
14.9
12.5
187.6
136.3
35.3
111.1
14.2
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Manufacturing
381.5
16.0
200.7
252.3
1.871.5
382.5
16.2
201.6
251.5
1,870.4
382.1
15.9
202.6
252.9
1,875.5
383.1
16.6
203.2
251.9
1,882.7
380.9
16.8
203.4
252.7
1,888.0
380.4
16.6
203.9
253.0
1,891.0
378.2
15.3
204.6
252.8
1,895.8
378.4
15.0
206.0
250.6
1,897.8
378.8
14.9
207.0
250.4
1,897.4
375.9
15.2
208.2
251.4
1,900.8
376.1
15.5
209.3
250.8
1,903.1
375.7
15.7
211.3
251.2
1,909.6
377.0
15.1
212.8
252.1
1,911.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
197.0
275.2
56.8
13.3
493.0
196.8
274.1
57.6
13.0
492.4
197.5
274.4
57.9
13.1
492.4
197.6
273.6
58.1
13.2
492.4
197.6
274.4
58.2
13.2
491.8
197.3
273.9
58.4
13.5
493.0
197.1
274.5
58.7
13.6
493.9
198.4
275.5
58.4
13.6
494.0
199.6
276.2
58.8
13.6
493.0
200.3
273.6
59.4
13.7
493.1
200.4
274.5
60.0
13.7
493.7
201.3
274.9
59.9
13.7
493.6
202.7
275.4
60.1
13.9
494.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
587.9
16.5
73.0
976.5
671.6
587.6
16.5
73.3
977.0
671.9
588.6
16.5
73.2
980.8
673.3
588.8
16.4
73.1
979.2
673.6
587.6
16.5
73.8
978.8
672.4
588.9
16.4
73.7
978.3
672.9
587.7
16.4
72.8
978.7
670.6
587.0
16.3
72.9
979.0
670.4
586.6
16.2
73.7
979.2
673.5
586.3
15.9
74.2
977.3
670.7
586.6
16.1
75.3
977.2
674.0
588.7
16.1
75.9
977.6
674.6
589.4
16.1
76.2
976.4
675.6
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
248.1
199.3
310.8
188.4
87.4
248.7
199.3
313.4
188.0
87.8
247.1
199.7
312.5
188.6
87.7
247.0
200.9
315.6
187.6
87.9
248.9
201.8
314.4
189.2
87.7
249.0
202.1
312.9
187.9
88.0
248.9
203.8
315.1
190.0
87.7
248.7
204.4
315.2
190.1
87.0
249.2
205.3
315.5
189.3
88.3
249.4
206.0
316.6
189.0
88.0
250.6
206.5
311.8
187.7
87.7
251.1
207.4
312.4
188.2
88.1
251.4
207.9
313.5
188.8
88.6
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
173.3
443.4
962.0
429.7
241.6
173.6
445.0
964.3
432.4
242.0
174.1
445.1
963.9
433.0
242.0
174.1
445.5
962.8
433.9
243.0
173.7
445.5
956.6
435.6
242.4
173.2
446.4
957.7
436.8
243.3
173.6
447.1
952.4
436.7
242.2
172.9
448.5
952.1
436.5
243.2
173.2
448.8
957.1
435.7
240.1
171.4
448.5
950.7
435.3
239.5
171.1
448.3
954.6
436.8
240.1
174.6
450.5
963.5
439.1
241.3
174.9
450.9
958.2
440.7
240.8
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
410.6
23.7
114.8
39.5
105.0
411.0
23.7
114.1
39.5
105.3
412.9
23.9
114.5
39.6
106.1
411.8
23.9
114.9
39.7
106.5
408.7
24.0
114.6
39.7
106.4
410.8
24.1
114.9
39.9
106.9
409.7
24.1
115.0
39.9
107.0
404.4
24.1
116.6
39.9
107.9
413.0
24.3
114.6
39.9
106.9
408.4
24.1
114.8
40.3
107.1
411.7
23.9
115.1
40.3
106.8
412.4
24.0
115.4
40.7
106.7
411.0
23.9
115.4
40.8
107.2
New Jersey
New Mexico ....
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ..
483.3
45.8
916.3
844.4
22.1
487.1
45.9
915.3
844.1
22.1
485.3
46.1
913.7
841.5
22.2
484.4
46.1
915.2
842.6
22.2
485.5
46.2
915.4
840.6
22.5
482.8
46.2
916.0
841.4
22.9
482.5
46.7
917.3
842.6
23.0
481.9
46.8
919.8
842.7
23.0
481.4
46.6
920.0
839.4
23.3
480.1
46.7
919.1
840.6
22.7
480.3
46.6
918.6
841.3
22.9
481.9
46.7
920.2
842.0
23.2
483.0
46.8
922.8
842.0
23.2
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ..
Rhode Island ..
1,088.2
176.7
238.6
930.4
81.5
1,086.5
176.9
240.3
931.3
81.2
1,085.1
177.0
240.8
932.6
80.5
1,090.4
177.0
242.0
932.8
80.3
1,085.6
173.7
243.5
934.1
80.7
1,084.3
174.4
245.5
933.9
81.5
1,083.5
177.9
245.0
933.7
81.1
1,073.4
178.4
245.3
932.0
80.0
1,084.7
179.6
243.5
932.7
80.5
1,081.4
180.2
245.3
935.2
80.9
1,078.1
179.9
246.9
935.6
80.4
1,081.1
180.1
247.1
933.7
79.9
1,084.3
180.7
247.6
934.5
80.7
South Carolina
South Dakota..
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
359.3
48.5
520.5
1,061.6
130.9
359.7
48.6
520.0
1,058.9
131.0
360.7
49.0
520.9
1,061.9
130.9
361.5
49.0
516.9
1,063.5
130.4
360.3
49.1
518.1
1,067.2
130.9
360.8
49.6
514.8
1,069.0
131.4
360.3
49.7
514.9
1,069.3
131.8
359.5
50.3
512.8
1,069.5
131.4
358.2
49.0
513.7
1,071.8
131.9
356.8
48.8
511.6
1,073.8
131.8
357.7
49.1
513.3
1,074.4
132.4
358.0
49.0
515.7
1,078.1
133.0
358.2
49.5
515.1
1,081.3
133.5
46.0
399.1
356.5
81.2
599.5
10.7
46.1
398.0
357.6
81.7
599.4
10.7
46.3
398.5
359.0
81.1
600.5
10.8
46.2
398.4
360.8
81.7
600.1
10.7
46.0
397.8
361.4
81.8
602.6
10.8
46.6
397.4
364.4
82.3
603.4
11.1
46.5
397.0
367.0
82.0
603.5
10.9
46.8
395.6
370.2
82.0
602.2
10.9
46.6
395.3
372.2
82.0
605.4
10.8
46.9
394.1
373.0
82.7
604.5
10.6
47.1
394.7
374.7
83.2
605.8
10.7
47.0
395.6
375.2
83.2
608.4
10.7
47.1
397.6
376.7
83.6
610.4
10.6
Alabama ..
Alaska
Arizona ....
Arkansas..
California .
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
90.0
22.6
94.9
64.8
645.4
90.0
22.7
94.8
65.4
651.6
90.0
22.9
95.0
65.3
654.1
90.5
22.9
95.1
65.8
654.4
90.5
23.3
95.4
65.9
655.8
90.3
23.8
95.7
66.1
659.7
90.0
23.5
95.2
65.8
660.5
90.3
23.4
96.0
65.5
659.7
88.7
23.3
93.3
64.0
635.6
90.8
23.5
96.7
65.1
661.7
90.7
23.7
98.0
65.1
663.2
90.3
23.8
99.5
65.6
664.5
90.0
23.6
99.2
66.1
663.9
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
117.8
73.0
15.7
19.3
322.1
118.0
73.4
15.7
19.2
321.9
117.9
73.7
15.9
19.2
322.0
117.1
74.0
15.7
19.0
323.5
117.2
74.7
15.8
18.7
323.3
115.7
75.5
15.8
18.6
322.8
116.6
76.0
15.9
18.5
324.0
115.3
76.1
16.4
18.2
324.1
112.4
73.4
16.0
18.2
316.9
115.5
75.1
16.3
18.3
324.5
116.4
75.1
16.3
18.3
325.1
116.9
75.1
16.2
18.2
325.9
118.6
75.1
16.3
18.2
329.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
223.3
41.1
23.5
334.9
139.7
223.6
41.2
23.4
338.5
138.6
223.8
41.0
23.1
338.8
139.2
225.2
41.4
23.2
339.1
139.8
225.4
41.2
23.3
340.5
140.4
226.6
41.0
23.5
341.0
140.4
228.1
40.8
23.7
342.3
140.1
230.7
41.2
23.7
341.4
138.7
225.9
40.7
23.4
327.2
136.4
233.2
40.8
23.8
341.0
140.6
234.4
40.8
23.8
340.9
141.0
234.8
40.7
24.4
341.5
141.1
235.9
40.4
24.3
341.9
142.1
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
64.2
70.4
95.9
108.5
22.5
64.9
70.9
95.7
109.1
22.8
64.9
71.5
95.9
108.6
22.7
65.1
71.9
96.0
109.1
22.6
65.3
72.5
96.4
109.6
22.6
65.3
72.4
96.5
109.9
22.7
65.0
72.7
96.4
109.5
22.5
65.6
71.9
97.5
110.2
22.6
63.1
70.4
88.5
108.7
21.8
66.0
73.2
97.3
110.6
22.8
66.4
73.0
97.4
110.8
22.5
66.7
73.0
97.2
110.8
22.5
67.0
72.8
97.5
110.6
22.6
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
105.8
131.8
168.7
120.4
52.5
107.6
131.3
168.2
121.4
52.8
108.6
131.9
169.8
121.9
52.7
108.6
132.2
169.9
122.3
52.5
107.1
131.5
168.4
122.4
52.2
108.0
132.0
168.8
122.8
52.5
108.2
132.0
169.2
123.2
51.7
108.2
131.9
169.6
122.8
52.0
104.2
127.5
165.0
119.5
50.2
107.8
132.0
171.3
123.7
51.9
106.3
132.8
170.7
123.9
52.3
106.1
132.1
171.5
124.1
52.9
106.1
131.7
171.9
124.4
52.8
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
162.1
20.3
50.4
43.2
19.8
161.9
20.5
50.9
43.3
19.6
162.1
20.5
51.3
43.5
19.6
162.2
20.7
52.1
43.8
19.6
162.4
20.3
52.4
44.0
19.5
162.5
20.6
53.0
44.2
19.4
162.6
20.3
52.9
44.4
19.8
161.5
20.1
52.9
44.7
20.2
158.9
19.8
50.8
43.4
20.1
159.1
20.7
54.7
44.9
19.3
158.7
20.5
53.2
45.0
19.3
158.5
20.8
53.4
45.0
19.2
158.9
20.7
53.3
45.0
19.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
256.4
30.6
401.9
170.0
18.3
255.8
30.7
407.2
170.7
18.5
256.9
30.8
407.2
171.7
18.5
257.5
30.8
407.9
172.8
18.4
257.4
30.9
408.0
173.3
18.6
257.5
31.1
406.2
172.9
18.4
257.6
31.3
406.4
173.1
18.5
257.1
31.3
406.9
173.2
18.5
247.2
30.4
393.8
167.2
18.5
258.2
31.4
407.6
173.3
18.4
258.9
31.6
409.2
174.2
18.4
259.6
31.5
408.1
174.2
18.3
260.3
31.6
407.5
174.9
18.4
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
232.3
77.7
72.5
271.3
15.1
234.8
77.8
73.7
271.5
14.9
235.2
77.5
74.3
271.9
14.8
235.3
77.4
73.8
271.9
15.0
234.6
77.8
74.3
272.2
15.0
234.5
78.2
73.8
273.3
14.9
233.6
78.7
73.3
272.0
15.0
233.4
79.0
73.0
272.5
15.2
225.9
78.4
70.2
261.7
14.5
234.7
79.3
73.6
273.7
15.1
234.8
79.9
73.5
271.9
15.2
234.8
80.2
73.4
271.0
15.3
234.6
80.7
73.0
270.8
15.2
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
74.0
16.6
143.3
492.8
55.0
74.0
16.5
142.7
492.0
55.1
73.5
16.4
143.1
492.8
55.4
74.0
16.2
143.1
493.3
55.4
75.1
15.9
143.1
493.6
56.1
75.0
16.1
142.5
496.4
56.4
74.4
15.9
141.1
496.8
56.5
74.7
15.9
141.3
500.4
56.8
72.8
15.2
136.3
490.3
54.9
75.2
15.9
141.4
502.0
57.0
75.5
16.0
141.2
503.0
57.0
76.1
15.9
141.2
504.8
57.1
76.5
15.9
141.4
506.6
57.6
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.3
164.3
124.2
39.1
121.4
13.6
12.3
165.2
124.7
38.3
121.2
13.6
12.3
165.2
124.7
38.5
120.6
13.5
12.4
165.7
125.7
38.6
121.0
13.8
12.4
165.5
125.6
38.6
121.4
13.6
12.5
166.4
125.8
38.7
122.5
13.8
12.5
166.8
125.5
38.7
122.3
13.7
12.4
167.7
125.6
38.4
122.2
13.8
11.8
164.3
122.7
37.7
118.1
13.8
12.0
169.1
126.3
38.3
122.0
13.9
12.1
169.3
126.6
38.2
122.1
13.8
12.1
169.6
126.2
38.5
122.5
14.0
12.1
169.9
126.1
38.6
121.5
13.9
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
421.4
54.3
473.4
249.5
2,999.9
421.3
54.1
476.1
248.0
2,983.8
421.7
54.2
481.1
248.0
2,998.2
424.0
54.2
483.6
249.2
3,007.9
422.6
54.2
482.0
249.2
3,015.5
423.9
55.2
484.7
250.1
3,022.8
422.8
55.7
484.8
250.4
3,025.1
423.7
56.2
486.9
250.9
3,026.7
423.5
56.3
487.3
250.8
3,026.5
423.7
55.9
487.8
250.3
3,030.0
424.7
54.9
489.9
251.0
3,029.1
426.7
54.9
494.0
252.4
3,044.8
426.2
54.9
497.2
252.7
3,049.7
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
470.5
349.9
85.5
50.3
1,635.1
467.6
350.0
84.8
50.1
1,633.9
470.5
349.0
85.4
50.4
1,640.7
471.6
349.7
86.0
50.2
1,644.6
472.5
347.9
86.1
49.6
1,652.1
471.4
349.3
86.0
48.6
1,656.8
474.3
352.4
85.6
48.8
1,660.1
474.8
353.4
85.6
49.1
1,659.8
477.1
355.5
85.4
49.0
1,666.9
476.4
355.8
86.2
49.3
1,674.1
477.7
355.5
86.2
49.2
1,677.7
480.1
357.7
86.2
49.3
1,683.8
479.7
360.1
86.6
49.3
1,689.5
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
915.1
135.0
126.9
1,312.0
683.5
903.9
135.3
127.4
1,297.0
678.2
902.3
135.9
127.9
1,299.9
679.4
905.8
135.4
128.7
1,304.0
681.3
908.0
135.1
128.4
1,301.9
685.0
909.9
135.0
128.5
1,304.7
687.6
912.0
134.5
127.5
1,304.1
689.5
916.4
133.8
126.5
1,300.9
688.9
923.6
133.9
125.6
1,300.4
688.3
925.1
134.2
125.9
1,304.9
688.0
930.4
134.3
125.2
1,311.4
688.7
933.8
133.7
125.9
1,312.9
687.6
942.5
133.4
126.7
1,319.0
687.6
340.7
306.9
405.2
428.7
134.1
340.5
309.1
404.5
427.4
137.1
339.5
308.4
405.2
427.5
137.3
339.9
309.2
408.5
432.4
137.7
340.4
308.2
410.8
432.6
137.6
341.3
309.2
413.3
431.4
138.2
342.1
310.6
412.9
431.4
138.1
342.3
312.0
409.7
432.0
139.2
343.4
312.8
411.3
431.1
139.3
342.7
311.7
410.9
431.9
140.3
343.6
312.3
408.3
436.8
141.0
342.9
312.1
412.4
438.6
142.1
342.1
311.4
415.3
439.4
141.1
533.7
706.3
1,037.1
600.0
233.4
531.6
705.0
1,033.4
600.4
233.5
534.9
702.5
1,040.2
602.1
232.8
535.5
702.6
1,042.4
604.2
233.7
533.9
700.9
1,038.9
599.1
233.1
536.4
703.6
1,043.1
601.3
233.1
537.1
707.3
1,043.3
601.9
230.4
537.6
708.6
1,045.9
601.3
231.3
537.1
711.5
1,044.6
602.5
232.5
537.5
713.0
1,047.8
602.5
232.4
539.1
716.6
1,051.8
605.0
232.1
540.2
719.7
1,045.3
607.5
232.3
539.9
724.0
1,049.6
610.1
231.9
618.9
97.3
209.6
176.4
147.9
616.1
97.2
210.2
176.6
147.2
614.0
97.5
210.5
178.2
147.8
615.5
97.5
210.1
178.3
147.8
615.5
98.1
208.1
179.6
147.5
615.7
98.4
207.7
180.4
149.0
615.7
98.6
208.3
181.1
149.3
613.8
98.6
208.7
182.2
151.9
613.1
98.9
209.2
181.9
150.4
614.5
99.0
210.3
183.8
150.5
616.4
98.2
210.4
184.0
151.6
619.8
98.4
211.5
185.2
151.5
620.8
98.8
210.8
185.1
152.5
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
860.9
166.6
1,635.4
820.3
80.8
860.9
165.8
1,627.9
822.2
80.9
867.1
165.7
1,628.2
821.1
80.9
868.0
166.0
1,631.3
823.0
80.8
869.9
166.6
1,632.0
823.0
80.4
869.1
167.1
1,632.7
824.1
80.7
872.7
168.2
1,635.7
818.9
81.4
873.2
168.2
1,639.2
817.0
80.9
873.7
168.1
1,642.2
813.8
81.1
873.0
168.3
1,643.8
813.8
81.3
875.1
167.9
1,645.0
809.3
81.8
875.0
168.8
1,649.7
814.6
82.1
880.2
169.5
1,652.9
814.0
82.8
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,315.7
323.9
371.7
1,221.4
99.8
1,315.9
324.6
372.2
1,220.0
98.7
1,317.5
324.9
372.0
1,222.5
99.2
1,317.8
326.7
373.5
1,227.0
99.6
1,316.5
325.1
374.3
1,230.0
99.4
1,317.7
325.8
375.0
1,235.8
99.7
1,320.6
324.8
376.0
1,232.2
99.3
1,318.4
324.6
377.5
1,233.2
100.2
1,319.2
326.6
377.3
1,234.5
100.2
1,321.5
326.4
376.0
1,239.7
99.5
1,322.6
328.0
379.3
1,244.0
100.9
1,327.0
329.9
380.4
1,245.9
101.1
1,329.3
329.7
383.5
1,242.4
101.3
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
402.1
87.9
605.9
2,014.7
234.6
400.3
86.9
604.0
2,014.2
235.0
401.4
87.4
604.7
2,019.1
235.7
403.6
87.6
606.8
2,023.8
237.0
405.6
87.1
605.2
2,030.8
237.7
407.5
88.5
604.5
2,032.7
239.5
407.3
88.2
603.7
2,034.6
240.2
407.9
87.6
602.9
2,040.5
241.1
409.5
88.5
604.9
2,042.1
240.7
409.8
87.9
605.8
2,043.7
240.0
411.6
87.8
606.7
2,051.6
240.1
415.5
88.3
607.0
2,057.0
241.6
418.4
87.8
608.8
2,060.3
242.8
64.3
726.1
596.6
161.3
600.7
52.3
65.0
724.2
596.3
160.6
600.5
51.7
65.3
725.5
596.7
160.7
601.6
52.1
65.6
726.5
598.9
162.5
602.9
52.1
66.3
725.1
600.0
163.0
601.5
52.2
66.2
726.0
602.9
163.6
602.2
51.7
66.9
729.5
605.1
163.9
603.6
51.5
66.6
733.8
607.2
164.0
603.0
52.5
66.1
736.7
609.4
163.3
604.3
52.7
66.0
737.2
609.1
163.5
606.5
52.6
65.8
738.0
611.8
164.0
605.9
53.1
65.9
743.1
613.7
164.3
606.8
52.5
65.8
745.7
614.2
164.2
607.6
52.6
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
t
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
1996
1997
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
82.7
11.7
117.6
43.6
733.8
82.9
11.7
119.0
43.6
732.3
83.1
11.7
120.2
43.6
732.6
83.5
11.7
121.3
43.8
732.2
83.3
11.6
121.6
43.7
732.3
83.5
11.7
122.1
44.0
732.8
83.9
11.8
123.0
44.1
734.3
84.0
11.9
123.8
43.9
735.8
84.3
11.9
124.2
43.9
735.6
84.3
11.9
124.7
44.0
736.0
84.7
11.8
125.8
44.0
738.4
84.9
11.9
126.1
44.1
740.4
85.1
11.9
126.9
44.2
740.7
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
118.8
130.4
44.6
28.0
401.0
119.9
129.7
44.3
28.0
401.7
120.3
129.3
44.9
28.1
401.8
120.7
129.0
45.2
28.2
402.5
121.0
129.4
46.2
27.7
405.1
120.3
129.7
46.6
27.6
406.0
120.7
129.9
46.9
27.7
407.2
121.2
130.1
47.0
27.7
408.5
121.9
130.3
47.4
27.8
410.1
121.7
130.5
48.0
27.6
410.9
122.1
130.5
48.0
27.6
413.0
122.8
131.3
47.7
27.6
414.2
122.7
131.8
47.7
27.6
417.4
Georgia .
Hawaii ...
Idaho
Illinois....
Indiana ..
182.6
36.6
25.4
387.9
136.4
183.5
36.4
25.5
387.0
137.1
183.3
36.3
25.5
387.9
137.7
184.1
35.9
25.4
389.2
138.0
185.4
35.9
25.5
390.0
138.5
186.5
35.7
25.5
390.1
138.2
187.6
35.8
25.5
390.7
138.1
188.4
35.7
25.7
390.8
138.6
189.5
35.8
25.6
391.4
138.6
189.6
35.7
25.7
392.6
138.3
190.8
35.5
25.4
393.8
138.4
190.7
35.5
25.6
395.5
138.4
191.7
35.4
25.5
396.4
138.6
77.8
59.0
68.6
83.4
27.1
77.5
59.5
68.4
83.5
27.4
77.9
59.5
68.6
83.6
27.2
78.2
59.8
68.7
83.5
27.2
78.5
59.9
68.8
83.5
27.1
78.8
60.0
69.0
83.5
27.1
78.6
60.2
69.2
83.7
26.9
78.7
60.3
69.4
83.8
27.4
79.0
60.5
69.5
84.1
27.5
79.2
60.8
69.2
84.2
27.4
79.6
61.0
69.5
84.2
27.6
79.9
60.9
69.9
84.5
27.7
79.8
60.8
70.2
84.9
28.0
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
128.6
213.1
203.2
143.5
41.2
127.7
211.9
201.9
143.2
41.1
127.3
213.0
202.7
143.9
41.0
127.7
213.9
202.5
144.7
41.3
127.3
214.0
203.8
145.0
41.4
127.7
215.1
203.5
145.0
41.4
127.9
216.5
202.8
145.1
41.6
127.2
217.4
202.7
145.4
41.4
128.0
218.2
202.1
145.8
40.5
128.6
218.6
202.8
146.3
40.8
129.0
219.7
203.4
146.4
40.8
128.8
220.6
203.9
146.9
41.0
129.0
220.8
204.9
147.6
40.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
151.9
16.2
53.6
38.4
28.3
153.6
16.1
54.2
38.3
28.5
154.6
16.4
54.0
38.6
28.3
155.2
16.5
54.2
38.9
28.5
155.0
16.6
54.6
39.0
28.4
155.7
16.6
55.0
39.2
28.3
156.5
16.7
55.0
39.2
28.4
157.8
16.6
55.2
39.5
28.6
157.0
16.8
55.2
39.7
28.4
157.1
16.8
55.7
39.8
28.2
157.5
16.8
55.8
40.2
28.5
158.0
16.6
55.9
40.4
28.2
159.1
16.8
56.4
40.7
28.0
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota .,
234.5
31.9
723.5
158.4
14.8
235.0
32.2
725.4
159.2
14.7
234.1
32.2
725.8
159.5
14.7
234.4
32.1
726.1
159.9
14.6
234.3
32.1
725.3
159.5
14.9
234.7
32.1
725.0
160.0
15.0
235.5
32.0
725.0
160.2
15.1
236.0
32.0
724.7
161.1
15.2
236.0
31.9
724.9
161.5
15.3
236.7
31.8
725.4
162.3
15.4
237.3
31.8
725.2
162.6
15.6
237.6
31.9
726.0
162.5
15.6
237.9
32.2
726.1
162.9
15.6
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania .,
Rhode Island .
279.8
68.4
92.6
312.4
25.6
279.5
68.3
93.3
311.5
25.5
280.7
68.6
93.8
311.8
25.5
280.0
68.7
93.8
311.5
25.5
280.1
68.8
94.0
312.3
25.8
280.8
69.1
94.2
312.5
25.8
281.4
69.2
94.6
312.5
25.9
281.2
69.2
94.8
312.5
26.0
281.9
69.3
94.8
312.1
26.0
282.1
69.5
94.6
312.3
26.0
282.9
70.0
94.9
313.8
26.2
283.0
70.4
95.3
315.3
26.1
283.6
70.4
95.5
315.7
26.3
South Carolina
South Dakota .,
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
73.1
20.2
118.9
448.3
51.4
73.2
20.3
119.3
448.7
51.1
73.2
20.2
119.1
448.4
51.4
73.5
20.6
119.8
448.7
51.5
73.6
20.7
119.6
449.8
51.6
74.2
20.8
119.7
451.2
51.8
74.2
20.9
119.5
453.4
52.0
74.0
21.0
119.7
454.1
52.3
74.3
21.1
119.9
455.5
52,2
74.8
21.3
120.0
455.8
52.0
74.8
21.6
119.8
456.9
52.3
75.0
21.7
119.2
458.2
52.8
75.5
21.8
119.4
458.4
53.0
Vermont .
Virginia .
Washington.....
West Virginia .,
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.2
163.8
124.6
27.5
139.6
8.0
12.4
164.1
125.4
27.3
139.8
7.9
12.4
164.1
125.7
27.4
140.4
7.8
12.4
164.8
126.0
27.5
140.5
7.9
12.4
164.6
126.0
27.6
140.9
7.9
12.5
165.4
126.3
27.7
141.2
7.9
12.6
166.7
126.2
27.4
142.1
7.9
12.6
166.5
126.2
27.4
142.2
8.0
12.7
167.0
126.6
27.6
142.5
8.0
12.4
166.7
126.7
27.6
142.6
8.0
12.3
166.9
126.8
27.5
143.4
8.1
12.2
167.5
127.1
27.7
143.7
8.0
12.2
168.4
127.7
27.8
144.3
8.1
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ..
Louisiana .
Maine
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
411.8
62.8
580.2
250.7
4,004.2
409.7
62.6
579.3
250.4
4,015.6
411.1
63.0
583.1
250.8
4,025.9
413.0
63.6
584.3
250.9
4,048.9
414.2
63.8
586.1
250.6
4,052.9
415.5
64.5
590.4
251.6
4,068.0
415.3
64.5
594.4
250.9
4,082.1
418.6
64.8
598.8
250.0
4,097.9
419.1
64.8
597.2
250.9
4,114.5
419.2
64.9
601.1
252.0
4,120.3
421.1
64.4
603.7
252.8
4,136.1
421.3
64.7
606.8
254.5
4,139.3
422.0
64.7
608.0
254.9
4,162.0
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
579.1
488.5
104.4
263.7
2,164.0
581.5
489.0
104.3
263.9
2,166.8
587.4
490.8
104.6
267.0
2,181.5
592.5
493.1
104.9
267.8
2,191.3
585.8
493.2
104.2
266.5
2,206.9
589.1
496.0
105.1
264.8
2,223.0
588.0
497.7
105.0
266.8
2,228.2
587.5
499.8
105.3
268.3
2,237.7
587.1
501.0
105.7
266.8
2,247.5
591.1
502.3
106.2
266.5
2,256.8
591.9
502.8
106.9
265.7
2,258.3
597.1
505.4
107.8
264.7
2,270.0
599.5
507.1
108.4
264.3
2,280.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
918.5
167.0
116.0
1,659.8
661.4
918.2
168.1
115.9
1,662.1
665.3
920.9
168.6
116.9
1,664.5
664.1
924.6
168.6
117.4
1,669.3
671.4
927.3
168.8
116.9
1,676.0
669.5
931.3
168.6
118.1
1,685.8
675.0
931.4
167.9
117.4
1,686.5
673.8
940.0
168.5
118.8
1,691.7
675.6
949.9
168.6
118.4
1,700.2
676.9
960.7
168.4
119.2
1,700.7
677.9
973.4
168.3
120.4
1,702.0
682.2
979.5
169.1
120.2
1,707.1
685.1
987.6
168.4
116.9
1,709.6
685.4
367.6
305.7
416.8
495.4
152.4
367.5
307.1
413.7
496.8
152.9
369.6
308.4
415.8
495.2
154.0
371.7
308.8
419.6
494.5
153.9
371.9
310.8
419.9
493.3
154.7
372.8
311.7
422.1
493.1
154.5
375.2
311.8
422.5
492.5
155.3
374.0
312.6
424.8
495.2
156.2
374.4
312.0
427.8
493.8
156.6
373.3
312.3
427.7
496.3
156.5
376.9
312.1
428.3
497.7
156.8
378.4
312.1
429.0
497.7
157.6
379.8
312.9
431.5
497.1
158.0
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
727.9
1,079.9
1,180.9
679.4
253.0
723.7
1,078.6
1,182.8
677.9
250.4
730.4
1,083.1
1,189.6
683.7
251.5
733.5
1,088.4
1,194.3
687.2
252.9
734.3
1,096.8
1,196.8
687.5
254.2
738.7
1,102.7
1,198.1
689.9
253.8
741.4
1,102.0
1,200.2
694.9
251.1
742.2
1,106.2
1,201.7
694.4
250.0
743.0
1,108.8
1,205.4
696.6
256.0
742.5
1,111.7
1,205.9
697.9
255.6
746.4
1,117.0
1,207.3
697.9
257.7
751.2
1,119.1
1,213.4
700.7
256.9
754.2
1,121.4
1,223.8
702.5
255.5
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
719.0
102.9
224.2
373.5
164.1
714.1
101.7
224.9
376.5
163.6
722.2
102.5
226.3
378.6
163.3
723.2
103.3
228.5
380.8
164.0
725.9
103.7
227.4
381.0
163.1
729.7
103.9
227.1
382.8
165.0
729.3
105.0
227.3
385.1
166.5
725.9
104.6
228.4
385.5
166.6
727.7
104.5
228.8
386.2
166.0
727.8
104.5
230.8
388.1
165.6
726.1
105.4
231.9
388.4
165.3
731.2
105.6
232.9
390.4
165.8
735.9
106.3
233.8
389.2
166.8
New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota ...
1,140.8
195.2
2,645.8
852.0
86.1
1,143.9
194.9
2,639.3
845.4
86.0
1,147.8
195.3
2,652.5
842.0
86.9
1,151.8
196.7
2,661.2
848.3
86.8
1,150.7
195.9
2,667.6
849.2
87.1
1,155.2
196.2
2,674.6
854.1
87.5
1,158.1
196.4
2,675.2
858.4
87.7
1,164.5
196.7
2,680.9
861.3
88.3
1,166.7
197.8
2,690.5
865.8
88.2
1,171.0
198.2
2,699.0
872.9
88.2
1,173.4
198.8
2,711.1
881.0
88.2
1,180.6
199.1
2,718.0
886.5
88.9
1,184.3
199.6
2,724.7
888.9
88.9
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
1,429.5
374.1
395.0
1,677.4
148.0
1,429.4
376.3
392.0
1,679.3
146.1
1,431.8
377.8
397.9
1,689.1
145.8
1,431.0
379.4
397.0
1,693.9
146.4
1,434.1
379.1
400.5
1,700.5
146.4
1,441.4
381.9
401.1
1,705.8
145.7
1,443.9
381.0
400.6
1,711.1
147.1
1,446.7
381.7
404.5
1,708.9
147.3
1,447.8
386.3
405.2
1,715.9
148.5
1,448.2
386.8
404.5
1,716.9
148.6
1,451.6
387.4
405.3
1,719.4
148.9
1,455.9
389.2
404.7
1,729.7
149.7
1,457.7
389.5
409.6
1,730.6
149.9
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
378.1
91.0
664.8
2,266.8
263.1
375.0
90.1
664.8
2,255.9
264.3
377.2
90.9
666.6
2,275.2
266.8
378.5
89.8
665.8
2,280.7
267.7
382.3
90.1
665.0
2,286.1
268.5
384.6
91.2
664.0
2,296.6
269.4
386.4
90.9
663.4
2,298.6
271.7
387.4
91.5
665.9
2,308.3
273.0
389.0
91.8
669.5
2,326.0
274.6
389.8
92.6
671.0
2,333.1
276.1
390.1
91.7
671.5
2,338.9
275.7
391.9
92.2
674.1
2,352.8
277.8
394.8
93.1
675.4
2,363.1
278.3
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
82.0
932.6
659.1
193.9
672.0
48.0
83.0
936.1
659.4
194.9
668.6
47.9
82.5
943.4
664.2
195.4
670.2
48.1
82.6
947.2
666.6
195.7
674.1
48.4
82.5
947.2
670.0
195.7
673.7
48.0
83.1
951.3
674.7
195.5
675.7
48.2
82.6
947.1
677.3
196.5
677.0
48.0
82.8
953.8
680.2
198.2
680.5
48.7
82.9
957.4
684.7
198.7
682.7
48.7
82.8
963.1
687.6
198.2
687.3
48.5
84.1
967.6
690.1
197.8
691.7
49.0
84.1
969.9
691.8
199.1
694.3
48.1
83.7
976.9
693.7
198.3
697.5
48.5
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
New Jersey
See footnotes at end of table.
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
342.1
73.0
326.5
180.1
2,133.1
342.6
73.2
322.7
180.2
2,139.0
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
310.5
227.0
53.1
237.5
936.2
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Mar.
Apr.
May
343.3
73.5
326.5
180.3
2,139.9
343.4
73.2
326.9
180.4
2,147.5
343.7
73.3
327.9
180.7
2,147.9
343.7
71.8
328.5
180.2
2,151.2
342.8
72.5
325.2
181.9
2,148.2
341.3
73.4
319.9
181.6
2,136.0
313.3
224.7
53.1
235.2
947.8
310.5
226.8
53.0
234.3
942.1
309.9
225.3
52.9
232.1
940.4
309.7
228.5
53.4
231.4
942.6
312.0
227.1
53.3
231.3
943.8
312.7
226.3
53.1
230.6
943.4
570.0
109.3
99.6
808.0
393.7
566.3
112.4
98.3
805.3
386.5
566.2
110.2
98.4
805.2
390.1
567.4
109.3
98.0
808.6
389.3
566.9
110.0
97.9
807.8
389.2
568.5
110.1
98.1
809.1
393.0
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
230.2
240.2
290.9
361.3
93.6
231.1
237.3
290.8
360.8
93.3
231.6
237.2
292.4
363.1
93.2
230.6
240.1
291.7
364.0
93.4
230.6
236.8
292.8
364.6
93.1
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
419.4
403.1
643.6
383.0
220.3
422.6
401.1
646.3
380.0
220.0
422.4
400.6
644.6
380.6
220.6
422.2
401.2
641.6
381.5
220.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
405.0
77.2
152.5
103.9
79.4
405.0
78.0
152.9
104.6
80.3
407.4
77.9
152.2
104.4
79.8
566.9
173.6
1,374.4
572.3
70.8
568.7
172.9
1,371.3
576.1
70.7
753.2
273.1
247.8
723.1
62.1
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
343.4
73.1
325.0
182.6
2,146.8
345.2
72.9
324.9
182.4
2,159.9
347.3
73.1
332.3
182.5
2,165.1
347.6
73.4
333.4
182.3
2,168.8
348.9
73.3
332.3
182.6
2,172.4
313.5
229.1
53.1
232.2
937.6
311.1
227.4
53.3
230.2
937.3
313.7
228.1
53.4
228.2
946.1
313.9
226.3
53.4
228.0
948.7
313.4
226.0
53.7
227.1
955.6
314.0
226.2
53.8
226.7
951.4
569.5
111.3
98.1
813.9
399.2
573.6
110.5
99.1
812.4
388.9
572.5
112.9
99.0
818.0
395.4
573.3
113.7
98.3
812.9
391.2
573.6
111.9
97.7
807.8
392.1
576.2
110.8
98.0
808.6
389.3
577.7
110.6
97.9
805.6
391.9
231.4
239.4
294.7
365.1
92.2
233.3
236.2
293.5
365.9
93.4
231.0
237.1
294.7
360.8
93.1
230.5
234.3
294.3
361.4
93.1
229.9
235.5
293.5
363.2
93.7
230.6
238.9
295.0
362.8
93.1
229.0
241.0
294.9
363.5
93.1
229.4
240.9
295.2
362.6
93.4
422.0
402.4
643.4
379.6
222.2
421.0
402.1
646.5
382.4
223.4
425.9
402.5
644.4
384.8
226.9
426.4
402.3
635.4
388.5
227.8
421.8
402.7
632.0
388.6
229.9
423.1
407.0
644.0
385.8
229.6
423.2
405.3
637.5
383.3
228.6
422.1
405.5
634.3
383.2
229.1
421.1
406.3
644.1
383.8
229.4
408.4
77.6
152.6
104.8
79.9
409.6
78.0
152.5
105.2
81.6
412.1
77.6
150.6
105.6
81.6
416.2
76.3
151.3
109.1
81.3
416.6
76.3
152.5
107.3
82.8
417.4
75.6
150.2
106.2
82.6
418.3
76.0
150.4
107.6
80.1
417.1
77.2
151.7
107.4
80.1
416.2
77.3
153.0
108.5
80.6
417.0
77.5
154.4
110.0
80.3
567.5
172.8
1,372.3
577.0
71.1
566.5
172.2
1,372.8
577.4
71.2
566.4
173.4
1,371.8
580.7
70.1
566.5
173.1
1,374.1
581.1
70.8
566.1
176.2
1,374.9
579.0
71.0
565.1
175.8
1,374.8
570.5
70.9
563.1
174.7
1,374.6
580.3
70.9
568.5
174.2
1,373.1
578.5
71.9
569.3
175.2
1,379.2
579.7
71.7
568.6
175.8
1,375.7
582.3
71.5
570.3
175.6
1,376.9
584.2
71.6
751.7
271.8
248.9
723.2
62.2
753.8
271.4
249.9
726.5
62.3
753.0
271.6
249.3
723.2
62.3
750.8
271.6
249.5
724.3
62.3
754.5
273.6
248.6
726.8
62.5
758.9
273.2
249.2
720.8
61.5
765.3
275.6
247.1
726.9
60.5
768.3
278.3
248.2
722.2
61.1
760.5
274.3
250.5
736.6
63.0
753.6
275.4
250.1
736.9
63.3
755.0
275.2
250.3
734.8
63.0
756.8
274.8
252.0
732.6
63.5
300.5
70.1
383.5
1,466.0
168.8
300.4
70.6
382.8
1,463.1
168.4
301.0
70.9
383.8
1,468.9
168.9
301.5
70.0
383.5
1,471.4
168.8
301.9
70.2
382.0
1,475.3
168.7
302.1
70.8
382.1
1,478.3
168.9
303.2
69.4
390.5
1,472.5
169.5
304.1
70.1
381.3
1,471.0
167.9
303.8
70.0
382.3
1,476.8
169.1
305.9
70.3
385.1
1,484.7
171.3
304.7
70.4
388.1
1,475.3
172.1
305.3
70.3
388.6
1,478.5
173.7
305.0
70.3
388.7
1,481.8
173.6
45.7
601.1
453.8
138.4
384.3
58.8
45.0
603.6
455.3
138.5
384.6
59.1
45.6
602.0
452.2
140.3
385.2
59.0
45.1
601.4
454.8
140.7
384.9
59.1
45.5
600.9
454.8
140.9
384.7
58.8
44.8
600.4
454.9
140.4
386.1
59.0
45.5
600.1
461.9
141.1
387.1
59.0
45.1
602.1
462.5
139.1
382.1
58.0
45.3
605.1
459.4
141.1
383.4
56.9
45.3
603.9
459.0
140.2
384.9
57.8
45.9
606.1
458.2
139.8
387.8
58.2
45.2
608.3
456.3
140.9
388.7
57.7
45.6
606.2
458.6
139.9
389.0
58.0
Government
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
^ Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
1998
1997
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
34.4
34.8
34.8
34.5
34.5
34.6
34.4
34.6
34.5
34.5
34.8
34.6
34.8
41.1
41.2
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.1
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.2
41.4
41.5
Mining
44.7
45.8
45.9
45.3
46.0
45.4
45.4
45.5
45.1
45.2
45.6
44.8
45.4
Construction
38.6
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.4
38.7
39.0
38.6
38.9
38.8
38.1
38.8
39.7
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
41.8
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.1
4.9
42.1
4.9
42.0
4.8
41.8
4.6
41.8
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.0
4.8
42.1
4.9
42.2
4.9
42.1
4.9
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
42.5
5.0
40.7
39.8
42.6
44.4
44.7
42.4
43.2
41.3
44.7
45.6
41.6
39.9
42.7
5.0
40.8
39.9
43.3
44.6
44.6
42.5
43.4
41.9
44.6
45.3
42.1
40.5
42.9
5.2
41.0
40.3
43.1
44.8
44.8
42.6
43.5
42.1
45.0
45.7
42.0
40.2
43.0
5.3
41.2
40.1
43.0
45.1
45.2
42.9
43.9
42.3
44.8
45.3
41.9
40.5
42.8
5.2
41.0
40.4
43.4
44.8
44.7
42.6
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.2
41.9
40.3
42.6
5.0
41.0
39.9
42.9
44.7
44.5
42.4
43.3
42.0
44.2
44.8
41.8
40.1
42.6
5.0
41.1
40.0
43.1
44.4
44.3
42.4
43.4
42.0
43.7
44.0
41.7
40.4
42.7
5.0
40.8
40.0
43.0
45.0
45.2
42.3
43.4
41.7
44.3
44.7
42.3
40.2
42.6
5.0
40.9
40.2
43.1
44.9
45.1
42.4
43.4
41.7
43.9
44.1
42.0
40.3
42.8
5.1
41.1
40.0
43.1
45.1
45.3
42.6
43.4
41.8
44.4
45.0
41.9
40.2
42.9
5.2
41.2
40.5
42.9
45.3
45.3
42.6
43.8
42.0
44.0
44.3
42.2
40.5
43.0
5.2
41.0
40.7
43.7
45.3
45.6
42.9
43.6
42.0
44.7
45.0
41.8
40.7
42.8
5.2
41.2
41.5
43.9
45.3
45.9
42.7
43.5
41.6
43.6
43.4
41.6
40.5
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.7
4.2
41.2
39.9
41.2
37.2
43.7
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.4
38.4
40.8
4.3
41.3
40.8
40.9
37.2
43.7
38.5
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.9
40.9
4.4
41.3
40.2
41.2
37.5
43.8
38.6
43.3
(2)
41.8
38.7
40.9
4.4
41.1
39.0
41.7
37.5
43.9
38.5
43.1
(2)
42.0
38.5
40.8
4.3
41.4
38.4
41.4
37.1
43.8
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2
40.6
4.1
40.9
37.6
41.2
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
38.1
40.6
4.3
41.1
36.1
41.3
36.9
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
41.7
38.4
40.7
4.2
41.0
37.5
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.0
40.9
4.3
41.2
38.1
41.4
37.3
43.7
38.7
43.4
(2)
41.6
38.4
40.8
4.4
41.2
38.7
41.3
37.2
43,7
38.7
43.2
(2)
41.8
38.6
41.1
4.5
41.6
39.3
41.5
37.1
44.1
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.2
38.0
41.1
4.5
41.6
40.3
41.7
37.5
43.8
38.7
43.0
(2)
42.4
38.3
41.1
4.4
41.5
38.6
41.5
37.6
43.6
38.5
43.4
(2)
42.3
38.3
32.7
33.0
33.0
32.7
32,7
32.9
32.7
32.9
32.8
32.8
33.1
32.8
33.0
Transportation and public utilities
39.5
39.7
39.8
39.3
39.5
39.6
39.0
40.1
39.9
39.8
40.2
39.7
40.1
Wholesale trade
38.2
38.6
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.7
38.2
38.4
Retail trade
28.8
29.1
29.1
28.9
28.9
28.9
28.8
29.1
28.8
28.9
28.9
28.9
29.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Total private
Goods-producing
Service-producing
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment sun/ey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
(1982=100)
1998
1997
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.,
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
138.2
140.0
140.2
139.6
140.0
140.6
140.2
140.8
140.9
141.2
142.9
142.5
143.4
112.0
113.1
113.3
113.3
113.7
112.7
112.9
113.0
113.3
113.6
113.9
115.0
116.1
54.8
56.4
56.6
55.8
57.3
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.1
56.1
56.2
55.7
56.5
Construction
151.0
154.5
154.0
153.2
156.2
152.8
154.1
152.9
154.2
153.5
152.2
156.6
163.6
Manufacturing
107.4
107.9
108.3
108.5
108.3
107.8
107.8
108.1
108.3
108.7
109.4
109.9
109.8
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, day, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
110.0
140.3
125.1
108.9
93.1
73.4
115.7
106.0
106.6
126.4
167.7
75.1
102.5
110.7
140.7
125.7
111.0
93.5
72.9
116.2
106.9
108.3
126.1
165.9
76.0
104.1
111.3
142.2
127.3
110.0
93.9
73.2
116.7
107.7
108.8
127.6
167.9
75.4
102.5
111.7
143.3
126.7
109.2
94.5
73.8
118.0
109.2
109.1
126.5
164.4
75.1
103.3
111.4
142.9
128.0
110.2
93.9
72.6
117.1
108.5
108.2
126.8
165.4
75.1
103.2
111.0
142.2
126.7
108.7
94.0
72.3
116.8
108.1
108.5
126.2
165.6
75.2
102.3
111.1
142.3
127.3
110.0
93.2
72.0
116.5
108.5
109.1
125.7
163.1
75.1
103.4
112.0
141.5
126.7
109.7
95.2
73.4
117.2
108.9
108.9
129.7
169.1
75.8
102.5
111.8
142.1
127.6
110.0
95.0
74.1
117.4
108.9
109.0
127.6
164.7
75.6
102.0
112.5
143.0
127.3
110.5
95.9
74.0
118.4
109.7
109.4
129.6
168.3
75.4
101.8
113.2
143.6
129.6
110.0
96.5
74.0
118.6
111.1
110.3
129.7
168.7
76.0
101.4
113.9
144.6
130.5
112.3
96.5
74.5
119.9
110.7
110.8
131.4
169.8
75.6
103.4
113.7
146.0
134.1
113.1
96.7
75.0
119.9
111.0
110.3
128.2
163.2
75.8
103.3
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
104.0
117.0
63.2
89.4
74.6
110.2
123.3
100.1
78.0
143.1
42.5
104.0
117.0
64.7
88.2
74.2
110.2
123.9
100.3
76.3
144.5
43.0
104.3
117.4
63.7
88.8
74.3
110.2
124.3
100.3
76.1
145.0
42.8
104.2
117.0
59.9
89.6
73.9
110.4
124.7
99.9
73.6
145.9
42.0
104.0
117.3
58.9
88.8
73.0
110.4
125.1
100.5
75.0
144.7
41.7
103.4
115.8
57.8
88.2
73.2
109.0
125.2
99.7
74.2
144.2
41.0
103.1
115.6
57.2
88.5
72.0
109.0
125.4
99.3
73.5
144.3
40.7
102.8
114.8
57.6
87.6
71.7
108.5
124.5
100.1
74.9
144.9
39.7
103.5
116.2
58.5
88.2
71.6
109.5
125.6
100.9
74.2
144.7
39.5
103.6
116.5
61.3
88.0
71.2
109.5
125.8
100.8
73.1
145.6
40.3
104.3
118.4
64.2
88.1
70.6
110.7
126.4
101.6
73.9
146.8
39.1
104.5
118.6
61.9
88.7
71.2
110.4
126.2
101.0
73.0
148.3
38.8
104.4
118.6
61.2
87.8
70.7
110.5
124.8
102.3
75.3
148.9
38.8
150.0
152.1
152.3
151.3
151.8
153.1
152,5
153.2
153.3
153.6
155.9
154.8
155.7
Transportation and public utilities
129.3
130.5
131.4
130.1
131.0
131.3
129.3
128.2
132.2
132.1
133.2
131.0
133.1
Wiiolesale trade
124.3
125.9
126.3
125.7
125.9
126.2
126.0
126.5
126.2
126.7
128.3
126.9
128.0
Retail trade
136.7
138.2
138.5
137.9
138.0
138.2
138.2
139.7
138.5
139.2
140.3
140.6
140.9
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
124.7
128.9
129.0
126.7
127.3
130.5
127.4
129.4
128.6
128.1
132.9
129.0
129.5
Services
180.2
182.6
182.6
181.7
182.3
184.5
184.4
184.9
185.0
185.3
188.3
187.4
188.4
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Service-producing
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction: and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
Millions of hours (annual rate)^
Percent change
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Nov. 1997
to
Dec. 1997'
Dec. 1997
to
Jan. 1998P
Dec.
1997''
Jan.
1998P
227,171
227,097
229,110
4.1
0.0
0.9
190,374
189,760
191,066
3.9
-.3
.7
1,352
11,257
40,609
24,357
16,252
13,645
13,541
33,667
13,689
62,613
1,339
11,585
40,751
24,473
16,277
13,429
13,400
33,771
13,315
62,170
1,359
12,044
40,744
24,473
16,271
13,632
13,530
33,924
13,394
62,438
1.9
8.3
1.9
2.9
.3
4.6
3.7
3.4
3.5
4.9
-1.0
2.9
.3
.5
.2
-1.6
-1.0
.3
-2.7
-.7
1.5
4.0
.0
.0
.0
1.5
1.0
.5
.6
.4
36,797
37,337
38,045
4.9
1.5
1.9
^ Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
P = preliminary.
^ = revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based
Jan.1997
to
Jan. 1998P
Nov.
199/
largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the internet at the
following address: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10
1997
1998
Industry
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Jan.P
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
IVIining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
WiioiesalG trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing
$12.05 $12.10 $12.14 $12.14 $12.19 $12.23 $12.24 $12.31 $12.35 $12.40 $12.48 $12.47 $12.51
13.73
13.76
13.79
13.80
13.85
13.86
13.86
13.94
13.97
14.07
14.11
14.16
14.16
15.98
15.73
13.02
12.34
15.96
15.79
13.03
12.35
15.94
15.80
13.07
12.37
15.96
15.86
13.07
12.38
16.05
15.91
13.11
12.38
16.12
15.95
13.12
12.42
16.10
15.96
13.11
12.41
16.07
16.03
13.20
12.50
16.20
16.08
13.22
12.51
16.27
16.12
13.35
12.60
16.43
16.22
13.37
12.63
16.39
16.36
13.39
12.64
16.51
16.24
13.39
12.65
11.49
11.54
11.59
11.58
11.63
11.69
11.70
11.77
11.81
11.85
11.94
11.91
11.96
14.74
13.12
8.19
12.95
12.05
14.64
13.23
8.21
13.08
12.12
14.73
13.30
8.25
13.12
12.16
14.76
13.27
8.26
13.00
12.16,
14.80
13.33
8.28
13.18
12.20
14.85
13.42
8.30
13.29
12.26
14.95
13.38
8.32
13.30
12.26
15.01
13.54
8.36
13.49
12.33
14.95
13.54
8.42
13.47
12.36
15.01
13.57
8.46
13.54
12.41
15.05
13.73
8.50
13.64
12.50
15.09
13.69
8.50
13.56
12.49
15.20
13.68
8.55
13.59
12.53
7.46
8.50
7.11
7.47
8.50
7.13
7.49
8.51
7.15
7.49
8.52
7.15
7.52
8.55
7.18
7.54
8.55
7.21
7.53
8.53
7.20
7.56
8.56
7.23
7.56
8.55
7.23
7.58
8.60
7.24
7.62
8.62
7.29
7.61
8.64
7.27
(4)
(4)
(4)
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
414.52 421.08 422.47 418.83 420.56 423.16 421.06 425.93 426.08 427.80 434.30 431.46 435.35
Goods-producing
564.30 566.91 570.91 571.32 573.39 569.65 571.03 572.93 575.56 581.09 581.33 586.22 587.64
IWining
Construction
Manufacturing
714.31 730.97 731.65 722.99 738.30 731.85 730.94 731.19 730.62 735.40 749.21 734.27 749.55
607.18 612.65 614.62 616.95 626.85 617.27 622.44 618.76 625.51 625.46 617.98 634.77 644.73
544.24 545.96 550.25 550.25 550.62 548.42 548.00 551.76 553.92 560.70 562.88 565.06 563.72
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wiioiesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing
375.72 380.82 382.47 378.67 380.30 384.60 382.59 387.23 387.37 388.68 395.21 390.65 394.68
582.23 581.21 586.25 580.07 584.60 588.06 583.05 601.90 596.51 597.40 605.01 599.07 609.52
501.18 510.68 513.38 509.57 511.87 516.67 512.45 519.94 518.58 519.73 531.35 522.96 525.31
235.87 238.91 240.08 238.71 239.29 239.87 239.62 243.28 242.50 244.49 245.65 245.65 247.95
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
256.51 260.09 260.78 258.54 259.60 260.89 259.11 261.63 260.92 261.49 265.30 263.41
349.20 350.16 352.41 352.67 353.94 351.20 351.40 351.92 352.46 355.19 355.12 357.89
232.50 235.22 236.09 233.75 234.75 237.11 235.44 237.86 237.21 237.58 241.42 238.49
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
(4)
(4)
(4)
^ Not available.
® These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from fy/larch
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1996
Jan,
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
121,464 118,903 124,531 124,699 122,125
Total
101,593
Total private
Mining
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
-
-
Nov.
1997
-
Dec.
1997P
-
Jan.
1998P
-
99,448 104,346 104.563 102,426
83,346
81,257
85,560
85,705
83,549
562
426
418
436
434
424
52.6
41.9
7.0
12.6
41.7
7.0
12.4
40.6
6.9
12.3
40.6
6.9
12.3
76.8
71.2
76.5
71.1
74.1
69.2
73.8
69.0
228.8
77.9
147.8
226.3
76.8
146.3
239.8
75.5
160.9
240.3
75.6
161.3
-
78.8
31.4
73.2
28.5
81.9
32.1
79.4
31.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
570
560
576
572
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
53.9
8.5
16.3
53.7
8.5
16.1
53.1
8.3
16.4
53.1
8.3
16.4
-
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
93.6
87.0
93.4
87.0
90.4
84.6
90.1
84.5
-
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
317.7
138.3
175.4
314.5
136.9
173.7
323.8
130.6
189.1
324.0
130.7
189.2
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crusfied and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
104.7
40.1
34.5
12.2
98.6
37.1
31.9
12.3
108.2
41.2
36.8
11.9
105.1
40.0
35.0
12.0
5,420
5,070
5,817
5,635
5,337
4,191
3,847
4,528
4,346
901.7
435.0
10.6
456.1
848.9
413.6
10.4
424.9
953.7
470.1
10.9
472.7
939.3
463.1
10.8
465.4
601.5
162.8
438.7
519.2
123.1
396.1
661.2
203.4
457.8
595.8
161.2
434.6
-
2,687.8
571.9
154.8
520.6
390.5
183.8
183.7
2,478.5
557.5
139.3
505.3
352.5
177.6
156.7
2,913.4
591.6
173.5
560.1
424.6
197.5
193.7
2,810.6
592.5
160.9
558.9
412.5
199.4
181.5
-
Construction
-
89.8
321.4
—
98.2
—
—
-
-
-
4,052
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
1,272.7
642.4
26.1
604.2
1,219.5
620.5
25.8
573.2
1,346.0
687.5
27.1
631.4
1,333.1
681.1
26.9
625.1
1,288.3
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
726.2
206.2
520.0
640.8
164.2
476.6
791.9
249.0
542.9
724.4
206.0
518.4
645.8
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
fvlasonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
3,421.3
775.5
189.2
658.4
453.8
242.0
229.2
3,209.6
760.8
172.7
643.4
416.8
235.5
202.0
3,679.0
800.8
208.1
704.7
492.5
258.0
243.2
3,577.7
802.3
196.0
703.1
480.9
261.3
231.4
3,402.5
18,469
18,331
18,695
18,694
18,583
12,757
12,642
12,935
12,931
12,831
10,828
10,761
11,055
11,074
11,030
7,418
7,364
7,598
7,614
7,571
647.1
63.1
159.2
126.2
31.4
233.4
90.3
63.6
23.4
28.1
44.9
73.3
58.3
73.2
635.4
62.1
158.4
125.2
31.6
228.6
87.7
62.5
23.3
28.1
44.2
70.3
56.4
71.8
664.3
65.8
163.6
129.3
32.6
240.8
91.5
67.9
23.9
27.6
46.0
74.0
58.5
74.1
663.4
65.6
164.1
129.9
32.5
240.5
91.6
68.1
24.0
27.3
46.4
72.7
57.2
74.2
653.1
402.3
232.6
107.7
72.3
17.5
24.8
400.5
232.2
107.2
72.0
17.8
25.0
409.0
233.0
106.1
74.0
16.4
27.1
411.7
234.8
105.9
74.5
17.8
27.5
411.5
Manufacturing
Durable goods
-
-
-
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Mill work, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
786.2
78.9
182.9
145.5
35.5
290.6
116.6
79.5
27.7
30.2
52.7
91.1
69.5
90.0
774.0
77.8
182.1
144.6
35.6
286.0
114.5
78.3
27.5
30.1
52.0
87.9
67.2
88.2
805.8
81.9
187.7
148.8
36.9
299.3
118.4
83.6
28.3
30.1
54.1
92.1
69.6
90.7
804.7
81.2
188.4
149.6
36.8
299.7
119.5
83.8
28.3
29.7
54.2
90.8
68.4
90.4
793.6
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
508.2
276.2
124.6
85.9
21.2
32.2
505.6
275.6
124.0
85.4
21.4
32.6
514.7
276.5
122.4
87.9
19.8
35.1
517.2
278.1
122.1
88.3
21.3
35.5
516.0
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods-—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
f\/liscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1987
SIC
Code
All employees
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Production workers^
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
252
253
254
259
62.1
44.6
86.7
38.6
61.6
44.2
85.8
38.4
63.5
45.3
89.5
39.9
63.9
45.5
89.6
40.1
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
537.5
15.7
71.8
27.3
44.5
58.5
17.3
32.9
39.9
210.5
17.4
71.1
104.2
76.4
19.9
2.6
23.9
521.7
15.7
71.8
27.0
44.8
57.8
17.2
32.5
39.5
197.4
16.6
68.8
94.3
75.9
19.7
2.6
23.6
545.6
15.6
71.9
25.2
46.7
59.9
17.4
32.6
38.8
218.6
18.3
73.3
109.3
75.9
19.5
2.6
23.7
538.7
15.5
72.0
25.3
46.7
59.1
17.4
32.2
38.5
213.1
17.7
73.1
104.6
75.9
19.7
2.6
23.7
525.3
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
710.7
237.9
165.7
26.7
129.4
82.0
4.1
26.5
39.0
22.5
167.7
22.7
21.3
72.3
91.2
24.6
708.5
237.0
165.1
26.7
128.9
81.7
4.0
26.2
38.8
22.5
168.5
22.6
21.5
72.7
90.1
24.5
718.3
237.0
163.6
27.4
134.2
83.7
3.8
27.8
39.1
22.2
168.3
22.3
21.1
72.0
92.6
25.3
720.5
236.7
162.9
27.6
134.9
83.9
3.9
27.9
39.1
22.2
169.0
22.7
20.8
72.2
93.3
25.3
719.4
235.8
1,463.6
38.3
30.9
127.0
43.9
70.6
60.0
23.7
22.1
445.0
75.7
77.0
101.3
119.4
29.5
101.9
52.6
49.3
254.4
30.9
118.3
94.1
1,456.2
38.0
30.6
126.2
43.6
70.4
59.3
23.6
21.7
441.5
75.7
75.3
100.6
119.1
29.4
101.4
52.5
48.9
252.8
30.9
116.9
93.7
1,491.8
37.5
30.3
127.4
43.2
71.5
60.5
23.3
22.6
453.9
77.9
77.7
100.9
122.6
30.8
106.1
55.5
50.6
257.8
32.6
116.0
97.7
1,494.3
37.3
30.0
127.3
43.1
71.6
60.8
23.6
22.5
453.0
77.5
76.8
101.4
122.6
30.7
106.7
55.8
50.9
258.9
32.9
116.9
97.6
1,491.5
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nec
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nec
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-•
-
-
-
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
46.1
35.3
63.1
25.2
45.6
35.2
62.3
25.2
47.2
35.7
66.7
26.4
47.4
35.9
67.1
26.5
418.2
12.4
60.3
24.5
35.8
45.3
13.2
25.9
31.9
160.5
10.9
53.8
82.0
58.2
15.7
2.2
403.4
12.5
59.8
24.0
35.8
44.5
13.1
25.3
31.4
148.7
10.3
51.8
72.8
58.1
15.6
2.2
427.5
12.6
59.7
22.5
37.2
47.6
13.3
25.4
30.5
168.9
11.7
56.3
86.9
58.5
15.5
2.2
420.4
12.5
59.5
22.6
36.9
46.5
13.2
25.1
30.4
163.7
11.4
55.9
82.3
58.4
15.6
2.2
-
-
-
-
Jan.
1998P
_
-
407.3
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
555.0
182.9
128.3
20.1
106.2
68.0
3.2
21.7
30.1
18.1
128.0
17.7
15.9
54.7
74.6
20.2
552.8
182.1
127.8
20.1
105.9
67.9
3.1
21.5
30.2
18.2
128.1
17.6
15.9
54.7
73.5
20.2
563.5
183.1
127.4
20.7
110.4
69.6
3.0
22.7
30.2
18.0
129.6
17.7
15.7
55.2
75.3
20.7
565.5
183.1
127.1
21.0
110.9
69.7
3.0
22.8
30.3
18.0
130.1
18.0
15.5
55.4
75.9
20.8
564.3
182.1
1,102.1
33.0
26.9
96.0
34.0
53.7
43.3
17.3
15.3
327.7
55.9
57.2
73.5
92.4
20.8
80.2
42.8
37.4
203.3
23.6
98.9
72.4
1,095.6
32.5
26.5
95.5
33.8
53.4
42.2
17.1
14.6
324.4
55.8
55.6
72.8
91.9
20.8
79.7
42.8
36.9
202.1
23.6
97.3
72.6
1,127.0
32.0
26.1
97.6
33.3
54.7
43.5
16.9
15.5
332.5
57.1
57.4
72.8
93.9
22.4
83.4
45.1
38.3
205.4
25.0
95.8
75.9
1,130.5
31.9
25.9
98.0
33.3
55.2
43.6
17.2
15.3
332.3
56.9
56.6
73.4
94.0
22.3
83.9
45.4
38.5
206.4
25.3
96.6
75.8
1,127.0
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
-
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'"
All employees
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
137.8
84.1
53.7
45.2
23.9
254.0
25.1
54.7
138.1
84.6
53.5
45.3
23.5
253.6
25.0
54.5
145.2
90.3
54.9
41.9
21.9
261.5
25.8
55.4
145.5
90.8
54.7
41.8
21.9
263.0
25.9
55.5
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec....
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
2,121.0
83.1
24.7
58.4
102.9
74.8
233.2
86.0
16.7
41.8
41.1
29.4
347.1
41.9
17.2
166.1
53.1
22.5
174.7
14.9
21.8
25.4
257.2
30.0
40.0
25.8
35.4
17.5
21.6
366.1
192.4
2,124.5
82.7
24.6
58.1
105.3
75.3
233.5
86.0
16.7
41.6
41.1
29.8
347.3
41.7
17.3
166.7
53.3
22.0
175.3
14.9
22.1
25.4
257.3
30.1
39.8
25.9
35.3
17.5
21.3
366.8
192.8
2,178.5
81.8
24.4
57.4
103.8
77.8
246.3
88.5
16.7
48.8
42.5
31.0
353.1
41.8
17.4
170.6
54.1
21.1
182.2
15.2
22.1
25.5
260.8
30.3
40.3
25.9
35.7
18.2
22.0
384.1
199.6
2,187.5
81.8
24.4
57.4
106.8
78.8
248.4
89.2
16.8
49.3
43.1
31.2
353.6
42.1
17.5
171.3
53.8
20.9
182.7
15.2
22.3
25.3
261.4
30.4
40.3
25.8
35.9
18.2
22.0
386.0
200.4
57.6
205.0
142.1
351.7
23.1
282.0
57.6
204.7
141.9
351.6
23.0
282.0
61.0
202.7
137.7
363.7
23.0
292.1
61.4
201.2
136.2
365.6
23.1
293.9
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
1,654.4
81.5
39.8
41.7
156.3
75.4
60.3
119.2
27.8
17.4
26.4
1,644.0
80.7
39.1
41.6
155.0
74.9
59.7
119.1
29.2
17.5
24.6
1,680.3
81.1
38.7
42.4
153.0
74.2
58.2
116.8
25.6
17.8
27.0
1,685.5
79.9
38.2
41.7
153.5
74.7
58.2
116.7
25.7
17.9
26.1
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
Jan.
1998P
-
-
2,191.6
-
-
-
-
386.5
-
-
-
1,684.8
-
-
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
109.2
66.9
42.3
23.3
9.7
186.1
18.7
41.4
109.6
67.5
42.1
23.7
9.5
185.9
18.7
41.1
117.2
73.6
43.6
23.4
10.1
192.0
19.0
41.7
117.6
74.3
43.3
23.3
10.1
193.5
19.1
41.8
1,327.5
52.5
14.0
38.5
74.1
53.5
151.6
58.6
9.8
28.2
23.3
20.4
246.5
25.9
11.1
126.4
37.1
15.5
98.2
10.0
12.3
15.4
165.1
17.2
31.8
15.2
23.6
12.4
15.1
129.5
57.1
1,331.8
53.1
14.0
39.1
76.8
54.2
151.4
58.6
9.8
28.0
23.3
20.4
247.3
25.9
11.1
127.2
37.3
15.3
98.5
10.0
12.6
15.3
164.6
17.2
31.3
15.3
23.7
12.3
14.9
130.4
57.8
1,371.6
51.7
13.8
37.9
75.6
56.5
161.1
60.5
10.0
33.4
23.7
21.6
252.3
26.4
11.0
130.7
38.4
14.6
99.9
9.9
12.6
15.1
167.2
17.5
31.4
15.0
24.1
13.2
15.4
145.4
68.0
1,379.8
51.4
13.8
37.6
78.4
57.4
162.3
61.0
10.1
33.6
23.9
21.7
253.6
26.7
11.0
131.5
38.3
14.5
100.1
10.0
12.7
15.0
167.6
17.6
31.4
15.0
24.2
13.3
15.5
147.2
68.9
23.2
147.5
108.0
262.5
18.3
215.2
23.2
147.1
107.6
262.6
18.2
215.4
24.3
144.3
103.4
274.1
18.3
225.5
24.8
143.3
102.6
275.9
18.5
226.8
1,046.9
55.6
28.4
27.2
109.4
58.9
35.6
94.0
22.1
13.9
19.6
1,041.8
55.0
27.8
27.2
107.9
58.5
34.6
94.1
23.4
13.9
18.5
1,065.8
55.0
26.6
28.4
106.5
57.8
33.8
92.0
19.8
14.1
20.6
1,070.0
53.8
26.2
27.6
106.6
57.8
33.9
92.0
19.9
14.2
19.7
Jan.
1998P
-
-
—
1,384.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,069.8
-
-
_
—
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
All employees
Production workers''
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
179.4
22.8
62.4
17.6
20.4
83.0
55.5
271.8
113.1
610.1
22.9
256.1
137.2
153.1
28.0
68.3
178.2
22.6
62.1
17.4
20.4
80.6
54.6
270.1
111.7
609.0
22.6
255.0
137.0
151.3
27.8
67.6
180.2
22.4
62.4
17.7
21.4
78.4
54.0
274.2
116.2
647.1
22.8
275.6
142.5
149.5
26.9
67.7
181.0
22.6
62.5
17.8
20.9
78.6
54.0
274.8
116.8
651.5
23.1
278.1
143.0
149.5
26.8
68.1
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
1,804.5
970.4
345.6
38.7
534.4
33.6
480.3
255.3
97.8
127.2
152.4
97.7
54.7
36.1
90.2
62.9
52.3
21.4
1,793.1 1,871.7
957.7
993.8
333.6
349.0
38.8
41.1
533.7
546.1
33.6
38.2
483.0
524.2
257.0
276.8
97.4
101.6
128.6
145.8
151.2
149.2
93.7
97.1
55.5
54.1
35.6
35.2
89.8.
91.4
62.2
63.3
52.8
53.1
21.5
22.2
1,878.7
996.9
349.0
40.7
548.7
39.3
526.8
278.7
101.7
146.4
150.1
94.3
55.8
35.4
91.6
63.5
53.1
22.4
1,864.8
983.3
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
856.0
160.9
298.4
41.9
66.1
75.9
268.7
104.8
92.6
35.1
85.1
7.8
852.7
160.6
298.1
41.7
66.2
75.6
267.3
104.4
91.7
35.2
83.8
7.7
861.0
162.4
302.4
40.5
66.4
78.5
269.4
103.8
93.0
35.7
83.4
7.7
862.4
162.2
303.2
40.3
66.6
79.0
270.6
104.2
93.7
35.8
82.8
7.8
861.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
386.3
49.6
37.2
15.7
112.2
40.5
71.7
31.8
24.0
13.8
153.0
66.4
381.1
47.9
35.8
15.7
111.2
39.5
71.7
31.5
23.5
13.2
151.3
66.1
387.6
48.4
36.3
16.2
107.0
39.2
67.8
30.7
24.2
14.0
161.1
69.4
384.9
48.2
36.1
16.4
106.5
38.2
68.3
30.8
23.9
13.7
159.1
69.5
381.1
Durable goods-continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
-
-
653.2
-
-
-
-
-
527.1
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
128.6
17.5
40.4
13.7
15.5
54.2
33.2
128.6
56.7
365.0
16.1
114.4
91.4
111.5
21.7
54.6
128.0
17.5
40.2
13.4
15.6
53.0
32.7
128.8
57.2
364.6
15.9
113.7
91.6
110.4
21.8
54.2
128.9
17.3
41.1
13.4
15.9
50.3
31.7
131.2
57.1
393.6
16.9
125.2
98.2
108.3
21.0
53.3
129.2
17.5
41.2
13.2
15.5
50.7
31.8
131.5
56.8
397.3
17.1
126.6
99.0
108.9
20.9
53.8
1,225.5
767.1
265.4
31.1
429.1
26.6
234.6
104.3
51.2
79.1
117.5
71.9
45.6
27.4
24.3
15.4
37.7
17.9
1,214.6
755.6
254.7
31.1
428.0
26.8
236.1
104.7
51.4
80.0
116.3
71.2
45.1
27.0
24.1
15.2
38.4
18.1
1,275.8
788.5
270.9
32.8
437.8
31.0
267.0
118.6
54.9
93.5
112.6
66.3
46.3
26.4
24.5
15.5
38.6
18.6
1,280.5
790.3
269.7
32.5
440.0
32.2
268.3
119.2
55.2
93.9
114.2
67.8
46.4
26.7
24.5
15.4
38.6
18.8
1,263.6
772.9
423.0
44.8
152.0
27.5
33.3
33.2
157.6
67.3
57.0
22.9
39.2
6.5
420.8
43.9
152.1
27.6
33.5
32.8
157.4
67.6
56.7
22.1
38.9
6.4
421.7
42.2
154.1
27.4
33.8
32.6
156.5
65.1
57.8
23.2
39.3
6.4
423.5
42.2
154.7
27.2
34.3
32.8
157.3
65.6
58.2
23.7
39.1
6.5
424.9
270.8
34.4
25.3
12.3
77.6
26.4
51.2
21.5
16.7
9.6
108.3
43.9
267.2
33.0
24.1
12.4
76.7
25.6
51.1
21.4
16.3
9.1
107.4
43.7
271.4
33.6
24.9
12.8
73.1
25.8
47.3
20.7
17.3
10.2
113.9
45.2
269.0
33.3
24.6
12.9
72.2
24.4
47.8
21.0
17.2
10.0
112.4
45.3
264.9
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products .
Meat products
Meat packing plants .
Sausages and other prepared meats ...
Poultry slaughtering and processing ....
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products ..
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1996
7,641
1.674.9
482.8
148.6
96.7
237.5
141.2
41.0
61.7
215.4
19.6
60.5
45.0
126.7
19.2
40.5
212.4
151.1
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
7,570
7.640
1,652.9 1,708.8
479.7
489.9
150.9
148.5
95.4
97.8
235.8
241.2
140.7
141.0
40.3
40.3
61.6
62.1
207.3
223.3
19.7
18.7
58.0.
65.8
41.3
47.2
126.6
126.5
19.2
19.6
40.0
40.5
207.9
213.6
153.1
148.1
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
7,620
1,691.1
490.9
151.1
97.8
242.0
141.1
40.8
61.7
212.5
18.9
58.7
44.9
126.2
19.5
40.0
213.3
153.4
7,553
1,666.2
5,339
1,243.1
411.4
124.9
75.3
211.2
93.9
33.4
35.4
178.0
15.6
48.2
39.1
90.5
12.0
26.1
143.7
92.8
5,278
1,222.4
407.4
124.3
74.0
209.1
93.6
33.0
35.2
170.0
15.7
45.5
35.6
90.4
12.1
26.1
139.5
89.9
5,337
1,271.4
416.7
126.8
75.7
214.2
93.4
32.9
35.2
187.4
14.8
54.2
41.2
91.2
12.0
26.3
143.8
92.6
5,317
1.252.8
416.7
126.5
75.7
214.5
93.8
33.2
35.2
176.2
14.9
47.0
38.8
91.1
12.1
26.4
142.8
92.3
5.260
1.232.0
50.9
86.5
5.0
3.3
8.6
49.3
21.9
84.7
23.0
37.9
132.5
49.6
79.9
4.3
3.3
7.7
44.8
21.8
83.7
22.3
38.0
136.1
51.2
88.2
6.3
3.1
10.6
47.8
23.2
88.6
21.7
38.9
138.9
50.5
85.4
6.2
3.2
9.0
46.8
23.2
88.3
22.0
38.6
135.3
35.4
21.3
34.6
21.1
34.7
20.5
34.2
20.6
521.1
65.2
54.9
12.2
17.0
149.4
18.4
34.1
45.8
15.2
18.5
55.1
25.7
17.2
49.9
78.5
57.9
14.4
38.9
518.6
65.0
54.5
12.4
17.2
148.7
18.4
33.8
45.1
15.5
18.6
54.7
25.5
17.2
49.7
77.8
57.2
14.4
38.6
511.8
63.3
55.3
11.9
17.2
143.3
17.3
33.1
43.4
12.7
19.6
52.2
24.6
16.4
52.7
76.5
56.2
13.8
39.4
512.1
63.3
56.2
11.9
17.3
142.3
17.3
32.8
42.9
12.6
19.6
52.1
24.5
16.4
53.3
76.5
56.2
13.8
39.2
506.8
683.8
25.7
184.6
38.6
63.0
28.4
198.4
20.4
29.8
19.0
129.2
673.8
25.6
182.7
38.3
63.1
27.5
193.9
19.6
29.3
17.7
127.3
652.7
24.2
172.8
36.2
60.3
25.6
189.8
18.9
29.1
20.4
121.4
644.2
24.5
172.2
36.3
59.8
26.4
184.4
18.2
28.5
19.4
118.3
631.8
61.3
107.2
6.4
4.3
9.6
59.7
31.2
176.4
35.6
91.9
181.6
59.8
100.4
5.9
4.3
8.7
54.9
30.5
175.3
34.6
92.9
184.6
60.5
110.1
8.2
4.3
11.6
59.0
33.1
180.5
34.2
94.0
190.7
59.9
107.2
8.2
4.3
10.1
57.9
33.0
180.3
34.4
94.1
186.6
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
44.6
28.6
43.8
28.2
43.7
27.5
43.4
27.5
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics .
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
614.9
73.4
65.1
14.3
20.5
174.3
21.1
39.1
53.5
17.3
22.4
67.4
31.4
21.6
61.2
88.3
64.7
16.7
50.4
611.9
72.9
64.9
14.6
20.7
173.3
21.0
38.8
52.7
17.6
22.4
66.8
31.0
21.5
61.2
87.4
63.8
16.7
50.1
603.3
70.7
65.9
14.1
20.7
167.7
19.7
37.9
50.7
14.5
23.5
63.8
30.0
20.4
63.2
86.4
63.0
16.2
50.8
603.5
70.6
66.7
14.1
20.8
166.8
19.7
37.6
50.0
14.3
23.7
63.8
29.9
20.5
63.5
86.7
63.2
16.3
50.5
597.2
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
837.5
31.7
218.2
45.3
73.3
33.2
244.5
26.0
38.2
23.9
156.4
823.8
31.4
215.4
45.1
73.0
32.1
238.7
25.3
37.5
22.7
153.2
800.9
29.9
204.2
41.9
69.7
29.9
234.3
24.5
37.3
26.1
146.4
792.9
30.2
203.4
42.0
69.3
30.5
229.4
24.0
36.7
24.9
143.8
779.9
41.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
34.6
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
PnHo
oooe
All employees
Production workers""
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
39.8
29.1
10.7
32.8
12.7
33.3
218.1
20.0
55.3
59.8
39.1
28.3
10.8
31.8
12.5
32.3
216.2
19.6
55.1
59.0
35.8
25.9
9.9
28.9
10.9
32.9
216.8
17.9
56.0
59.5
35.2
25.6
9.6
28.5
10.6
32.4
215.9
18.0
56.1
59.2
Paper and allied products .
Paper mills
Paperboard mills .
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes ,
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated .
Envelopes
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
679.3
159.9
49.2
219.0
130.7
17.1
48.8
238.7
45.7
38.4
24.1
675.4
160.0
49.5
217.7
130.7
16.8
48.3
235.8
45.0
38.3
24.0
677.1
157.8
48.6
218.5
131.1
16.7
48.3
240.8
46.8
39.4
24.8
677.7
157.9
48.8
218.8
131.5
16.4
48.4
240.8
47.2
39.1
25.0
675.7
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,544.7
445.4
131.7
124.6
85.2
39.4
86.0
568.1
368.7
179.0
44.6
66.2
50.4
1,530.6
441.7
131.6
123.5
84.3
39.2
85.8
561.4
364.3
177.2
44.7
65.4
50.2
1,556.3
451.0
133.4
122.5
84.2
38.3
91.2
570.9
372.2
178.8
44.3
65.5
48.7
1,563.6
452.7
134.7
123.8
84.1
39.7
91.9
573.0
374.0
179.0
44.6
65.6
48.6
1,551.4
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates ..
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products ..
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
1,026.0
117.9
72.6
158.4
76.3
48.4
257.3
205.1
152.2
40.3
41.4
70.5
52.9
142.3
25.6
113.9
52.1
92.9
1,023.3 1,026.3
115.9
117.6
70.5
72.2
157.9
154.5
77.1
76.1
48.2
46.9
258.2
260.9
205.6
207.3
150.8
156.3
40.3
40.0
41.3
42.2
69.5,
73.8
53.7
52.9
142.4
141.0
25.7
25.8
113.9
112.5
51.0
50.0
92.5
94.0
1,026.2
115.2
69.9
154.0
77.4
46.7
261.4
207.4
156.5
40.3
42.4
73.8
53.6
141.2
25.9
112.6
50.2
94.1
1,023.5
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
138.0
98.4
25.3
135.3
98.2
22.8
138.0
95.5
27.8
135.4
95.5
25.1
134.2
Rubber and misc. plastics products ..
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec ..
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
986.7
78.9
6.5
68.1
27.8
113.9
719.3
980.0
78.3
6.5
68.1
27.8
113.3
713.8
995.7
76.5
7.2
71.1
28.4
115.8
725.1
997.8
77.3
7.0
71.1
28.6
116.7
725.7
997.0
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. tabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
See footnotes at end of table.
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
_
—
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
31.4
24.1
7.3
27.0
10.8
26.8
175.0
15.7
46.9
47.6
30.9
23.5
7.4
26.2
10.7
26.2
173.4
15.4
46.9
46.7
28.1
21.0
7.1
23.8
9.4
26.2
173.6
13.9
47.4
47.1
27.8
20.6
7.2
23.4
9.1
25.7
172.1
13.8
47.3
46.9
517.3
124.1
37.7
170.0
97.9
15.1
39.7
175.6
24.1
29.7
18.8
514.4
124.2
38.0
168.7
98.0
14.8
39.1
173.6
23.5
29.6
18.7
516.1
122.7
37.7
169.2
98.2
15.0
38.8
177.4
24.2
30.9
19.4
517.6
122.8
37.7
169.5
98.7
14.7
38.9
178.5
25.3
30.7
19.5
517.6
844.2
151.3
44.1
65.5
34.2
31.3
39.8
407.1
263.7
127.3
31.0
51.1
34.8
832.5
148.6
44.0
65.3
34.4
30.9
39.7
400.8
259.4
125.6
31.3
50.4
34.5
847.3
151.2
46.0
63.6
33.2
30.4
43.1
408.7
265.9
127.0
31.3
49.7
32.8
852.9
152.0
45.9
64.7
33.1
31.6
43.8
410.9
267.7
127.3
31.6
50.2
32.9
837.6
566.9
54.5
36.1
105.6
47.4
37.6
118.9
97.1
92.7
22.3
23.0
47.4
27.9
80.7
15.6
63.0
30.8
55.8
564.4
54.5
36.0
106.0
47.5
37.5
118.2
96.4
91.3
21.9
22.8
46.6
28.2
80.6
15.7
62.8
30.1
55.5
572.4
58.7
35.3
103.6
48.0
36.9
116.7
94.0
96.4
21.5
23.8
51.1
28.5
81.2
15.6
63.6
30.3
57.0
574.3
59.3
35.4
103.6
48.2
36.8
117.3
94.1
96.4
21.5
23.9
51.0
28.5
81.6
15.6
64.0
30.4
57.2
574.6
89.4
63.4
18.3
87.0
63.4
15.9
90.7
62.3
20.6
88.4
62.4
18.1
765.1
57.1
5.2
52.2
21.5
87.8
562.8
759.0
57.4
5.3
52.0
21.5
87.1
557.2
772.1
56.4
5.8
54.7
22.1
88.4
566.8
773.7
56.1
5.6
55.0
22.4
89.6
567.4
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
87.3
_
-
772.4
_
_
-
_
—
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing ...
Footwear, except rubber.
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic .
Luggage.
Handbags and personal leather goods
1987
SIC
Code
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
86.6
4,287
4,291
4,208
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
—
475.1
229.1
31.5
27.6
151.8
477.0
230.2
31.9
27.5
152.9
472.4
-
-
437.6
209.2
-
5,368
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
24.7
24.5
24.7
24.8
-
-
-
-
-
1,621.4
1,460.8
156.0
1,720.0
1,548.1
167.3
1,711.0
1,540.5
165.7
1,669.1
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nec .
Water transportation services
44
444
449
169.2
14.5
112.0
167.5
14.4
111.6
173.9
15.0
117.4
170.6
14.7
115.5
165.1
434.7
207.8
-
-
1,658.3
1,493.9
159.7
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
422.6
200.8
-
-
42
421
422
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts .
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
426.2
201.8
-
-
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air ,
Public warehousing and storage
Wholesale trade .
5,464
4,080
461.9
222.0
30.8
26.9
150.3
49
491
492
493
495
5,465
4,143
-
465.4
222.9
31.0
27.1
150.1
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
5,296
6,460
-
41
411
412
413
415
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
5,370
65.4
6,547
-
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation ,
School buses
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services
66.7
10.5
30.9
16.6
7.9
8.1
5.2
6,542
-
229.0
Communications and public utilities
67.9
10.4
31.9
16.8
8.1
8.2
5.3
6,296
-
229.8
203.0
47
472
4724
473
71.2
10.5
34.3
16.9
10.0
7.9
5.8
6,365
_
229.7
203.0
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
73.1
10.8
35.0
17.6
10.2
8.3
6.1
Jan.
1998P
88.2
12.6
38.6
21.1
10.1
11.3
8.9
224.2
199.6
46
Dec.
1997P
89.5
12.6
39.7
21.2
10.5
11.1
9.1
227.6
202.6
Pipelines, except natural gas .
Nov.
1997
93.1
12.9
42.8
21.9
12.4
10.5
9.6
40
4011
45
451
4512
458
Jan.
1997
94.3
13.0
43.5
22.6
12.6
10.8
9.9
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2 ,
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services
Dec.
1996
_
-
-
1,444.7
1,307.0
133.4
-
-
_
1,509.9
1,365.7
140.1
1,501.0
1,358.3
138.4
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
1,410.2
1,276.0
130.0
103.2
100.7
-
98.1
98.3
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,183.5
1,021.9
516.6
117
1,166.6
1,005.5
516.1
116
1,233.9
1,063.6
539.2
124
1,249.4
1,077.6
542.3
125
1,221.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
11.6
11.6
11.6
11.5
-
345.2
179.6
142.5
127.9
344.0
179.3
142.4
126.7
359.9
180.7
144.2
136.2
360.0
180.1
143.5
137.1
-
424.9
215.8
171.0
163.1
424.3
215.6
170.9
162.5
439.7
216.6
172.4
171.9
439.3
215.0
171.3
173.3
437.1
2,222
2,216
2,255
2,256
2,252
-
1.347.0
899.7
767.2
248.2
117.0
131.2
176.4
1,344.3
898.5
764.9
246.8
115.8
131.0
176.5
1,394.1
939.6
788.5
252.6
121.5
131.1
179.6
1,394.9
942.0
789.4
251.8
121.4
130.4
178.8
1,395.3
875.3
381.1
145.0
161.3
155.4
871.4
379.6
144.1
160.7
154.4
860.5
374.2
140.0
158.8
154.3
860.6
374.5
140.6
158.9
153.4
856.8
6,560
6,514
6,741
6,748
3,854
504.3
138.9
289.4
157.1
74.4
82.7
3,843
503.3
140.0
288.4
156.7
74.4
82.3
3,992
509.4
144.0
289.0
164.9
78.7
86.2
4,006
511.7
145.3
290.2
166.0
79.3
86.7
-
-
-
1,059.4
692.2
587.3
206.9
-
-
1,052.6
687.3
582.2
205.5
-
-
1,052.1
682.2
563.8
210.4
-
-
1,044.7
676.3
558.8
209.3
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
148.5
148.3
149.2
148.9
-
694.5
303.2
112.5
125.0
128.2
691.5
302.0
111.9
124.5
127.6
683.4
298.8
108.1
122.6
127.7
683.7
299.8
108.4
122.5
126.9
-
6,718
5,297
5,250
5,419
5,418
4,003
3,073
411.4
3,063
410.4
3,162
412.2
3,166
412.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
125.4
_
-
124.8
_
-
131.7
_
-
132.2
-
-
5,381
_
-
_
_
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nec
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
246.3
125.8
38.2
839.3
196.7
325.1
177.1
144.1
526.9
222.3
48.4
256.2
300.6
105.9
119.5
806.1
85.1
117.2
327.2
151.8
329.1
129.1
242.1
125.2
37.2
838.3
197.6
325.2
177.9
143.7
525.9
223.4
48.2
254.3
301.2
105.7
119.0
806.6
85.1
118.0
328.4
150.7
325.3
128.7
254.3
129.0
38.8
869.4
207.5
334.6
183.5
146.2
555.3
236.2
49.3
269.8
304.2
107.2
119.8
839.4
90.4
122.5
342.5
155.4
348.6
137.9
251.3
128.4
38.3
873.5
209.3
335.9
184.3
146.6
560.7
238.0
49.8
272.9
304.7
107.6
120.1
840.8
90.5
122.4
343.7
155.3
350.5
138.4
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
2,706
260.7
149.4
208.2
225.6
913.4
284.3
57.3
108.5
106.1
146.7
157.1
63.4
93.7
155.7
100.1
55.6
532.7
160.2
2,671
260.0
149.7
208.2
218.0
899.8
282.1
56.9
104.5
102.4
146.7
157.0
63.5
93.5
154.8
99.8
55.0
523.9
159.6
2,749
261.6
150.6
215.1
229.0
920.9
291.1
57.3
104.0
109.7
146.1
161.2
66.4
94.8
157.2
102.3
54.9
547.7
169.9
2,742
263.6
152.8
217.3
224.3
920.0
291.0
57.8
101.2
106.6
146.3
162.4
67.3
95.1
157.5
102.2
55.3
544.1
167.1
2,715
22,541
21,514
22,752
23,131
22,091
19,900
18,907
20,055
20,417
755.5
463.8
51.0
140.0
70.1
713.4
445.8
49.8
134.8
53.8
769.5
478.0
53.0
137.1
69.6
767.6
475.6
53.3
137.8
69.3
-
2,872.0
2,530.5
140.1
201.4
2,571.5
2,275.1
119.0
177.4
2,871.8
2,551.9
127.5
192.4
2,983.7
2,632.8
141.2
209.7
-
3,207.9
2,809.8
3,135.1
2,780.3
3,231.0
2,830.7
3,263.2
2,839.3
Retail trade
203.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
198.8
-
-
-
661.7
-
679.6
-
-
144.4
116.1
397.9
210.4
-
-
663.3
-
-
-
145.0
115.9
396.7
148.4
118.3
408.3
207.9
-
-
-
-
-
679.5
-
-
-
-
-
148.6
118.5
412.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
244.6
-
-
245.3
247.2
247.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
644.1
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
671.3
670.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
264.6
2,224
218.9
173.7
181.4
770.5
282.5
284.0
—
—
-
-
645.0
-
267.0
-
2,187
219.0
2,257
218.5
-
-
173.3
174.3
755.0
—
2,252
220.9
-
178.8
185.4
775.9
-
-
180.5
181.8
775.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
904.4
546.5
65.6
168.7
85.1
863.7
529.7
64.6
163.8
68.4
927.7
567.3
68.5
166.3
84.7
925.2
564.4
68.6
167.3
84.4
893.1
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
3,068.0
2,676.5
161.9
229.6
2.759.8
2,416.1
139.0
204.7
3.079.5
2,709.7
149.6
220.2
3,195.2
2,792.3
165.0
237.9
2,897.7
2,540.1
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3,530.7
3,072.2
57.8
22.5
204.5
3,454.3
3,039.3
47.9
17.5
198.2
3,556.5
3,092.8
52.1
17.8
214.8
3,590.3
3,102.8
57.4
19.1
218.7
3,517.3
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
55
551
2,292.0
1,044.3
2,276.8
1,044.4
2,334.6
1,061.1
2,327.9
1,056.8
2,312.9
1,056.1
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1996
-
-
-
85.2
107.2
129.9
-
125.8
-
431.0
82.1
107.3
129.3
-
124.6
-
422.5
-
88.4
106.5
133.4
-
127.0
-
85.5
106.4
134.6
-
-
-
-
-
127.4
-
-
-
442.8
-
-
439.0
-
—
19,373
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
180.3
174.1
188.1
191.9
1,916.6
874.3
1,903.9
875.3
1,946.6
890.4
1,939.7
886.6
—
_
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
1987
SIC
Code
553
554
559
56
561
562
565
566
57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
390.1
675.6
9.3
383.6
667.9
9.2
406.8
675.2
10.1
1,207.3
87.1
320.3
396.3
209.3
1,109.8
81.4
296.1
351.2
202.3
1,157.4
78.9
302.1
387.3
201.2
Dec.
1997P
405.7
675.0
10.1
1,210.9
84.1
315.3
408.9
210.7
Jan.
1998P
-
1,116.9
-
1,064.1
543.3
316.5
74.2
446.6
204.6
96.4
1,026.5
528.6
312.5
72.5
425.4
196.2
82.5
1,086.4
555.3
327.1
70.6
460.5
210.6
89.2
1,115.8
567.5
332.6
71.8
476.5
217.4
95.9
1,078.8
7,596.5
7,638.9
-
7,135
7,122
3,342
3,345
3,449
3,471
3,475
2,030.3
1,475.8
591.6
884.2
255.5
144.0
111.5
166.5
2,029.9
1,476.1
592.1
884.0
254.8
143.5
111.3
166.7
2,053.8
1,496.6
610.0
886.6
249.5
141.4
108.1
172.7
2,064.5
1,502.7
613.3
889.4
252.1
143.4
108.7
173.8
2,063.4
1,501.8
562.1
569.5
429.6
609.0
459.8
613.1
461.7
622,3
628
24.5
114.9
24.4
115.5
25.9
123.3
26.1
125.3
Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices
67
671
212.2
107.7
212.4
108.0
230.3
112.3
232.4
113.1
842.1
429.9
898.4
454.2
926.1
464.9
879.7
443.6
-
-
-
2,645.9
547.7
7,109
566.8
427.4
-
2,538.5
535.3
6,917
62
621
1,021.9
68.3
263.7
368.1
167.4
2,332.6
515.4
6,942
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services
971.4
63.3
250.9
347.1
159.3
2,505.7
518.6
2,910.2
560.5
170.7
117.1
250.6
917.0
65.6
245.7
303.3
159.0
6,868.7
3,126.9
654.0
116.9
118.6
1,210.2
226.1
143.2
92.8
163.6
243.5
54.6
386.8
262.2
66.6
104.4
536.0
166.8
73.3
295.9
555.8
167.8
116.4
249.8
1,011.5
71.4
268.6
347.9
165.7
6,828.0
3,013.4
640.9
114.7
118.3
1,126.2
216.2
134.4
91.2
154.4
230.9
54.9
388.8
265.0
66.6
102.7
521.8
155.0
73.5
293.3
532.8
163.4
108.4
239.5
-
6,491.0
2,795.8
623.2
112.6
107.9
1,018.6
196.4
133.6
87.9
152.4
209.3
53.6
343.3
223.0
67.4
104.5
485.7
145.6
67.9
272.2
532.9
164.2
108.2
239.0
314.8
587.0
8.4
6,750.7
-
2,974.8
59
626.9
591
116.3
592
109.7
593
1,134.7
594
208.3
5941
136.3
5942
87.9
5943
157.4
5944
240.0
5947
54.6
5949
372.4
596
248.9
5961
67.9
5962
104.2
598
510.6
599
156.7
5992,3,4
69.0
5995
284.9
5999
61
614
615
616
317.5
586.5
8.4
7,363.7
-
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
308.6
576.1
7.7
58.6
402.6
182.8
83.3
7,500.1
60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606
314.6
583.4
7.8
Dec.
1997P
57.5
386.7
177.2
74.8
58
Depository Institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
Nov.
1997
58.8
353.4
165.2
66.4
Eating and drinking places
Finance
Jan.
1997
60.7
375.4
173.7
80.7
-
7,227.4
Finance, insurance, and reai estate^
Dec.
1996
-
-
91.5
971.6
-
89.7
858.0
-
98.6
961.6
-
98.7
1,041.2
Jan.
1998P
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
318.1
-
-
-
-
252.4
-
-
86.9
423.8
-
290.9
331.8
330.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
87.2
399.0
-
85.3
432.1
-
87.0
444.6
-
57.5
230.7
56.7
218.1
60.9
239.1
59.9
241.8
5,058
5,035
5,192
5,212
-
1,462.1
1,047.9
423.6
624.3
-
-
1,460.4
1,047.1
423.6
623.5
-
1,473.4
1,059.9
436.0
623.9
-
1,482.2
1,065.1
438.7
626.4
-
5,197
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
132.5
132.3
137.0
138.2
-
380.3
115.2
380.8
114.9
388.7
109.6
389.6
109.3
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
251.2
-
-
-
-
-
615.9
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
75.2
75.5
82.0
83.2
-
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
233.6
—
—
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
2,245
2,256
2,254
1,501.5
506.9
329.5
268.8
529.0
69.0
1,520.5
508.1
336.2
275.2
533.2
72.5
1,528.6
510.2
339.3
277.9
534.5
73.4
1,527.3
713.6
710.8
724.1
727.3
1,382
581.7
659.7
107.7
1,360
570.9
651.7
104.9
1,415
577.5
688.0
115.0
34,726
34,246
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
63,64
2,218
2,212
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health Insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty Insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
636
1,504.4
509.9
328.1
266.9
530.2
69.3
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
66
651
653
655
Finance, Insurance, and real estate--Continued
Insurance
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
Services
Production workers^
All employees
-
-
1,075.5
335.7
270.9
223.6
360.3
-
1,121.1
332.4
272.5
226.8
401.3
1,133.0
335.1
274.8
228.5
407.2
726.7
-
-
1,408
578.4
684.3
109.9
1,393
-
-
-
-
36,114
36,101
35,553
30,347
29,862
31,530
31,483
489.4
148.1
301.3
448.5
148.2
260.8
575.4
155.4
378.3
519.2
154.7
323.2
543.0
176.2
319.0
682.1
184.4
447.3
623.5
184.1
389.7
573.1
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
1,663.5
1,618.0
1,634.6
1,590.6
1,694.2
1,649.1
1,680.1
1,637.5
1,653.5
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal sen/ices
72
721
722
723
726
729
1,176.6
435.2
82.9
407.9
95.9
137.5
1,238.1
432.0
74.4
404.2
96.0
214.8
1,163.4
440.6
88.3
404.5
97.7
116.1
1,168.6
439.9
79.8
407.8
98.2
126.8
1,231.2
7,751.3
1,148.2
-
Dec.
1997P
-
587.3
176.3
362.4
See footnotes at end of table.
1,078.1
339.5
268.6
221.1
361.1
-
Nov.
1997
-
07
074
078
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
-
Jan.
1997
-
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval sen/ices
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories
Dec.
1996
73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384
7,488.1
247.6
165.9
127.3
309.0
75.9
891.2
83.1
808.1
238.9
39.6
43.9
155.4
2,762.7
322.3
2,440.4
1,258.9
284.4
207.3
148.4
240.6
71.2
52.9
1,652.5
550.4
54.4
76.6
7,298.4
247.2
165.4
127.1
304.8
75.6
878.8
82.9
795.9
233.0
38.7
42.7
151.6
2,594.9
304.7
2,290.2
1,270.3
287.6
208.6
151.3
241.5
71.5
53.2
1,642.3
543.0
54.7
71.3
7,960.3 7,973.7
256.4
254.9
170.1
170.8
132.1
131.8
324.0
324.5
79.2
79.5
901.7
903.2
86.7
86.7
816.5
815.0
248.7
250.0
41.7
41.4
44.3
43.9
164.3
163.1
2,926.0 2,912.2
354.3
348.4
2,577.6 2,557.9
1,402.6 1,421.5
322.7
326.6
233.4
237.6
166.3
164.8
264.9
261.4
78.9
78.3
56.2
55.6
1,767.3 1,777.1
586.5
586.9
60.6
60.2
83.4
83.0
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
1,106.7
197.7
128.8
70.0
615.8
214.2
259.9
1,102.1
196.1
127.8
68.1
615.1
215.8
259.5
1,149.7
209.6
140.1
70.4
631.0
221.0
265.2
1,151.8
210.2
140.9
71.2
629.8
221.7
266.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
1,417.7
-
-
-
-
-
364.7
-
-
-
-
382.6
-
Jan.
1998P
-
-
1,392.7
-
1,448.2
-
379.9
-
361.5
-
-
1,432.9
-
388.0
-
360.0
-
387.8
-
362.6
-
30,923
_
—
—
-
-
114.3
188.0
95.8
104.9
-
6,655.5
180.3
6,461.5
179.5
7,064.1
185.1
7,067.8
185.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
892.3
-
2,706.3
-
2,367.3
1,437.5
-
64.0
797.2
66.2
731.0
191.6
31.3
37.1
123.2
-
2,371.3
1,004.7
239.3
-
104.9
-
64.1
786.6
66.0
720.6
186.1
30.6
36.0
119.5
-
2,221.3
1,012.3
243.3
-
106.5
-
-
52.0
38.5
1,441.8
509.5
46.1
52.0
37.9
1,429.2
501.5
46.5
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
911.6
163.0
108.1
61.7
496.3
176.5
209.2
904.5
160.3
106.7
59.7
494.4
177.2
208.5
67.4
805.1
69.2
735.9
199.5
31.1
37.7
130.7
-
-
2,510.7
1,115.9
274.8
-
115.9
-
55.8
38.2
1,538.4
541.7
51.3
-
940.6
172.2
116.3
61.5
503.6
180.4
210.0
67.0
804.0
69.7
734.3
197.4
31.1
37.2
129.1
-
—
-
-
-
-
2,486.9
1,131.7
278.6
-
-
-
116.2
-
55.9
38.4
1,547.9
541.8
51.1
—
941.6
172.1
116.7
62.5
501.7
181.0
209.7
-
-
-
—
-
—
(In thousands)
Industry
Servlcos—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive sen/ices, except repair
Carwashes
1987
SIC
Code
754
7542
Production workers^
All employees
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
223.2
121.0
222.8
120.7
238.7
125.0
240.6
127.9
384.7
-
fy/liscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
379.1
115.5
374.1
113.7
389.9
118.7
389.7
118.9
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
530.6
226.6
118.6
159.5
528.5
229.7
116.4
158.7
548.7
244.2
113.7
168.3
565.7
249.3
119.4
174.6
555.1
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
1,323.7
84.0
963.2
159.2
293.3
1,272.5
83.3
924.0
159.5
257.1
1,415.5
80.0
1,028.5
172.7
322.8
1,425.1
80.0
1,041.8
172.7
318.0
1,368.6
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nec
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services
80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
9,577.3
1,707.9
618.0
422.8
163.6
1,750.8
1,304.2
213.2
233.4
3,839.5
3,543.5
86.1
209.9
199,9
674.8
9,562.0
1,707.5
618.7
417.4
162.2
1,744.7
1,300.3
212.5
231.9,
3,833.7
3,539.0
85.8
208.9
201.1
674.6
9,779.0
1,770.4
623.7
437.7
168.4
1,770.5
1,319.7
213.6
237.2
3,910.7
3,607.4
85.8
217.5
207.2
687.0
9,804.0
1,784.2
628.1
439.8
168.3
1,770.9
1,319.9
213.3
237.7
3,919.8
3,615.0
86.5
218.3
207.2
682.0
9,780.9
1,781.4
Legal services
81
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,757.8
-
3,923.7
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
190.6
106.4
190.1
106.1
203.3
110.2
205.3
112.9
—
310.2
304.8
319.0
318.4
-
457.2
205.1
472.3
209.2
-
—
445.5
189.4
-
—
440.3
189.6
-
-
-
130.2
128.7
135.0
140.4
1,142.4
75.6
830.1
141.5
253.2
1,094.8
75.0
793.5
141.1
218.2
1,219.4
71.4
886.7
153.9
280.0
1,226.7
71.6
896.3
154.3
275.3
8,489.5
1,402.0
541.9
351.1
8,471.8
1,399.7
541.7
346.6
8,665.1
1,452.5
544.8
364.2
8,684.2
1,464.1
548.4
365.7
-
1,576.1
-
1,569.6
-
-
192.2
-
3,515.3
191.6
-
3,510.6
-
1,591.1
-
191.3
-
3,586.0
-
1,591.5
-
191.2
-
3,593.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
671.1
623.1
622.5
633.2
628.0
—
747.5
746.8
771.0
775.1
-
938.7
937.3
967.1
971.4
969.5
82
821
822
824
2,149.6
610.6
1,291.5
83.0
1,998.3
605.7
1,151.5
79.8
2,286.9
623.0
1,390.0
90.1
2,235.1
623.8
1,340.7
89.2
2,064.9
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
83
832
833
835
836
839
2,433.5
655.8
310.5
587.6
681.8
197.8
2,419.4
651.5
308.4
582.9
2,530.0
679.8
321.9
611.0
715.3
202.0
2,516.5
196.0
2,521.9
677.3
321.3
611.6
709.1
202.6
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
84.3
79.0
86.5
85.5
79.9
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
862
863
864
2,180.1
106.9
59.4
146.7
430.2
2,155.5
105.1
59.2
140.1
418.4
2,187.4
107.8
59.7
142.0
445.1
2,196.7
107.6
60.1
145.0
450.0
2,172.6
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
2,892.8
850.7
653.5
141.3
55.9
569.7
2,889.0
847.5
649.5
142.6
55.4
583.9
3,064.5
894.5
685.4
150.4
58.7
609.7
3,083.1
899.0
689.2
151.7
58.1
611.9
3,087.4
896.3
Dec.
1996
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
2,099.4
565.8
264.1
514.9
589.9
164.7
2,187.7
586.8
276.1
543.1
615.2
166.5
2,193.0
588.7
276.1
541.4
621.3
165.5
-
608.2
715.2
-
-
2,113.7
570.2
265.7
520.7
590.5
166.6
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
42.6
42.4
43.1
43.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
2,210.0
697.5
541.1
110.6
45.8
404.3
2,205.5
694.0
537.2
111.3
45.5
416.5
2,335.6
734.1
568.9
117.4
47.8
427.4
2,348.3
737.4
571.9
118.4
47.1
426.2
_
-
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed mdustry-^Continued
(In thousands)
Production workers^
All employees
Industry
SIC
Code
Nov.
1997
429.2
145.1
103.1
109.0
679.0
231.3
238.2
23.8
424.3
144.7
102.9
105.2
670.7
229.5
237.0
24.2
444.1
147.3
111.8
112.4
730.0
247.5
263.9
28.6
445.6
147.8
111.9
113.3
739.1
249.7
267.3
28.7
37.2
37.4
39.2
39.0
-
19.699
-
-
-
-
-
2,664
-
-
-
-
-
564.2
209.9
125.3
140.4
908.2
315.9
317.5
36.8
558.3
208.9
125.4
135.8
899.3
313.1
315.9
37.3
581.2
213.1
135.2
143.7
979.1
337.5
351.6
42.2
582.8
214.0
134.9
144.7
989.4
339.0
357.4
42.6
989.3
46.9
46.9
49.6
49.4
48.2
19.871
19.455
20,185
20,136
2,757
2,703
2,679
2.721
Executive, by agency^
Department of Defense
Postal Service^
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2.697.0
716.2
902.8
1.078.0
31.3
29.0
2.642.9
708.3
865.6
1.069.0
30.7
29.1
2.617.5
681.8
867.7
1,068.0
31.1
30.0
Federal Government, except Postal Service
1.854.5
1.837.1
3731
50.7
22.3
Services, nec
89
Government
Federal Government^
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive.
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,810.9
1,803.9
1.790.5
-
-
-
-
-
50.2
22.2
46.9
21.7
46.7
21.6
806
22.1
360.9
226.4
21.8
355.3
222.9
19.5
353.7
219.2
19.1
353.4
219.8
806
82
4,703
371.1
2,036.3
4.560
371.1
1.891.1
4,806
371.9
2,125.1
4,750
370.2
2.074.4
1.921.3
1.807.3
2,666.9
1.810.4
2,668.8
1,820.4
2,681.3
1.817.3
2,675.8
2.679.5
12,411
451.5
667.1
7,152.4
12,192
449.4
668.1
6,968.1
12,700
451.4
682.8
7,329.1
12.665
452.9
683.9
7,305.7
7.110.2
3,674.1
5,258.8
3,644.8
5,223.6
3,738.6
5,370.8
3,730.0
5.359.1
5.324.2
806
82
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing:
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities: wholesale and retail trade: finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
^ Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian
Jan.
1998P
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.601
-
-
12,434
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
—
employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
® Indudes rural mail carriers.
" Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
Oct.
1996
Nov.
1996
Sept.
1997
Oct.
1997
Nov.
1997
58,700
59,117
59,421
60,119
60,517
47,717
47,979
48,609
48,897
49,177
6,660
6,649
6,713
6,720
6,722
78
78
79
80
79
619
616
646
647
645
5,963
5,955
5,988
5,993
5,998
2,848
137
158
103
101
322
456
681
366
349
175
2,857
137
159
102
101
324
458
684
370
349
175
2,906
140
159
103
103
328
475
688
391
348
172
2,922
141
161
103
103
329
478
692
394
350
173
2,940
141
162
103
104
330
482
698
399
351
171
3,115
575
15
289
638
165
693
327
25
336
52
3,098
562
14
289
634
165
696
326
25
337
51
3,082
588
14
284
598
166
695
327
25
339
48
3,071
576
14
282
597
165
698
326
24
341
48
3,058
566
14
281
589
166
703
326
25
342
47
52,040
52,468
52,708
53,399
53,795
Transportation and public utilities
1,928
1,940
1,952
1,958
1,963
Wholesale trade
2,033
2,039
2,059
2,077
2,077
11,534
11,806
11,733
11,800
12,077
4,363
4,374
4,457
4,468
4,477
Services
21,199
21,171
21,695
21,874
21,861
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,983
1,148
2,395
7,440
11,138
1,152
2,415
7,571
10,812
1,136
2,354
7,322
11,222
1,132
2,452
7,638
11,340
1,141
2,470
7,729
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Fabricated metal products
industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Alabama
Birmingham .
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery.
Tuscaloosa ..
1,850.7
457.2
170.3
216.9
157.6
76.5
1,871.3
463.3
173.3
224.4
158.9
78.5
1.871.5
465.3
173.2
224.8
159.4
78.0
10.5
3.3
(M
(M
(M
2.8
Alaska
Anchorage ...
252.3
120.5
259.8
123.5
255.4
123.3
9.4
2.5
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
1,966.9
1,361.7
316.6
2,045.1
1,439.3
324.6
2,057.0
1,452.8
325.0
14.6
6.8
2.4
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,098.5
138.7
94.7
302.1
36.2
1,110.9
141.5
94.3
302.1
36.0
1,111.7
141.3
94.5
302.0
35.9
3.4
13,055.8
179.5
271.4
3,878.2
129.7
931.6
1,208.9
830.8
615.6
114.9
1,015.1
980.3
898.6
148.9
160.8
163.4
145.7
245.5
13,372.6
183.7
275.4
3,934.5
133.3
949.2
1,238.0
854.5
630.2
119.0
1,040.3
989.5
930.1
153.0
166.7
170.2
150.0
248.9
13,420.6
183.3
274.9
3,946.9
132.8
950.5
1,243.6
857.1
630.4
118.3
1,043.8
994.3
933.5
152.4
166.4
167.7
150.2
250.8
29.3
10.8
.5
6.0
(2)
2.1
.8
1.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.4
1.7
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
1,946.8
156.2
212.7
1,024.7
1,971.0
159.5
218.9
1,042.4
1,994.0
160.1
220.3
1,049.7
13.2
(M
(M
6.5
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
1,617.1
182.7
85.8
595.6
248.4
135.2
201.8
85.3
1,648.7
184.9
85.7
607.9
252.2
138.3
203.6
88.7
1,653.0
184.9
86.2
608.6
252.2
138.5
205.3
88.9
.8
384.6
53.3
298.2
397.0
55.0
304.2
398.6
55.7
305.5
.1
.1
.2
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
624.9
2,459.7
611.6
2,503.1
612.7
2,507.7
.1
.9
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay....
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,359.2
151.4
626.1
152.9
112.1
510.4
172.0
171.6
963.7
775.3
149.6
233.9
149.5
1,048.5
432.1
6,519.6
154.3
642.4
154.0
115.7
526.6
174.5
176.3
976.6
810.0
154.4
247.0
152.7
1,081.8
445.4
6,586.3
155.1
651.4
155.8
116.2
530.3
176.8
177.1
985.0
819.5
155.3
250.1
153.5
1,091.1
450.0
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach ,
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
10.0
3.3
r
^^
( )
2.6
97.0
26.2
5.9
16.4
9.1
5.5
99.5
28.4
6.0
17.0
8.8
5.7
98.4
28.1
5.8
16.9
8.7
5.5
9.8
2.5
9.6
2.4
11.1
5.6
12.2
6.4
11.0
6.0
15.2
8.4
2.4
15.2
8.6
2.4
129.9
93.7
19.2
135.4
97.9
20.0
135.0
97.7
20.1
3.4
49.9
6.1
3.7
14.1
.9
49.6
6.1
3.7
14.0
.9
)
)
)
3.5
.8
0
C
)
)
(M
48.1
6.1
3.8
14.8
1.1
29.6
11.2
.5
5.8
29.6
11.2
.5
5.8
(2)
2.2
.9
1.3
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.5
1.4
524.7
8.4
12.6
110.1
5.9
46.1
52.5
47.0
29.6
4.1
46.0
32.2
34.8
6.1
8.1
7.2
8.1
10.9
582.6
9.5
13.1
110.8
6.5
50.2
56.5
51.7
33.9
4.8
50.8
36.1
38.6
6.3
9.1
7.8
9.2
11.5
577.0
9.2
13.0
111.4
6.1
49.1
55.6
50.9
32.6
4.7
50.8
35.9
38.3
6.4
8.5
7.2
9.3
11.5
13.4
(M
C)
6.1
113.1
6.7
12.0
58.6
115.8
5.5
12.4
59.8
116.2
5.8
12.7
60.1
.8
51.5
5.4
3.1
19.0
8.9
3.9
5.6
3.2
58.7
5.6
3.2
19.6
9.8
4.5
6.1
3.7
56.0
5.3
3.1
18.9
9.7
4.4
5.9
3.5
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
22.1
2.5
17.0
23.6
2.4
17.4
23.3
2.4
17.0
.1
.9
.1
.9
8.5
119.2
8.4
126.9
8.4
126.0
7.1
326.9
7.5
34.0
12.1
4.1
26.9
8.9
8.9
33.4
40.8
10.6
12.8
6.1
49.5
25.0
341.6
7.5
36.9
12.8
3.8
27.6
8.9
8.9
33.6
42.9
10.9
14.4
6.3
52.5
25.9
341.9
7.5
37.1
12.7
3.8
27.7
8.9
8.7
33.5
43.5
10.9
14.4
6.3
52.9
25.8
(M
.8
(2
)
2.2
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.4
13.4
r
)
)
6.0
.8
(2
)
)
)
)
(2)
{')
7.1
(2
)
.1
(2)
(2
(2
(2
)
)
)
(2
)
(2
(2
(2
(2
)
)
)
)
O
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.0
(2)
.4
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4
.4
(2)
.1
3.0
.4
(2)
(2)
.1
3.2
(2)
C)
(M
(M
(M
(2)
)
)
)
7.0
(2)
Dec.
1997P
)
r
C
(2)
Nov.
1997
C
C
C)
(M
(M
C)
(2)
Dec.
1996
10.1
3.4
(M
(M
(M
2.6
.8
0 )
Dec.
1997P
.4
(2)
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
382.7
51.7
38.8
27.3
17.6
10.6
378.2
51.1
40.3
27.8
17.7
11.0
378.3
51.3
40.4
27.8
17.7
11.1
90.3
30.1
3.4
12.9
6.4
2.5
90.7
30.2
3.4
13.3
6.4
2.6
90.4
30.0
3.4
13.4
6.4
2.6
432.1
113.5
34.7
58.5
38.4
18.2
433.2
112.5
34.5
60.5
38.5
18.3
436.8
114.0
35.0
60.9
39.1
18.3
9.8
1.8
11.1
1.9
8.8
1.8
21.5
11.4
22.9
11.8
22.5
11.8
54.3
30.4
54.9
30.7
54.9
31.0
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson
200.3
153.6
29.2
211.2
164.4
29.9
212.4
165.6
30.1
95.5
68.8
13.3
99.5
73.6
13.6
99.8
74.0
13.7
488.1
340.4
68.5
503.7
359.3
71.0
512.8
367.4
71.5
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock ...
Pine Bluff
252.5
34.1
27.2
33.3
8.2
251.5
34.0
27.0
32.8
8.1
252.4
33.8
27.1
32.5
8.0
65.9
9.5
6.4
20.9
1.8
66.3
9.5
6.6
20.5
1.9
67.2
9.5
6.6
20.5
1.8
252.5
38.3
19.6
71.5
7.6
254.8
40.0
19.8
70.8
7.2
255.7
40.0
19.9
71.0
7.3
1,865.5
10.1
29.8
652.9
25.4
114.6
214.6
100.2
43.2
9.4
116.6
77.3
248.8
16.2
23.9
21.5
17.2
30.5
1,907.6
9.8
29.9
664.3
26.7
116.9
221.2
104.4
45.7
8.5
120.1
77.6
257.9
17.1
25.2
22.3
18.2
31.8
1,905.9
9.5
29.4
664.7
26.1
117.4
221.5
104.4
45.6
8.3
120.4
77.7
258.3
17.2
25.4
21.8
18.1
31.8
650.1
9.2
14.2
207.6
5.9
60.3
43.1
43.4
25.5
5.4
38.6
77.0
25.3
5.4
6.1
11.6
5.8
9.4
669.2
9.3
15.0
211.7
6.0
61.9
44.9
44.5
25.9
5.6
38.6
77.7
26.4
5.6
6.2
11.7
6.2
9.9
668.5
9.3
14.6
211.9
6.0
62.0
45.2
44.5
26.0
5.4
39.1
77.4
26.4
5.5
6.1
11.6
6.1
9.9
3,083.7
44.1
67.2
867.1
33.3
214.4
308.5
219.3
138.1
31.1
241.6
206.9
180.3
35.7
41.9
40.6
39.4
61.0
3,091.4
44.3
67.1
865.8
33.8
216.4
310.0
223.0
139.5
32.5
242.5
205.3
186.0
36.5
42.4
41.2
39.1
60.7
3,134.3
44.6
67.6
874.4
34.2
219.1
315.8
226.3
140.8
32.7
245.3
208.4
188.2
36.7
42.8
41.4
39.3
61.6
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont .
Colorado Springs ...
Denver
197.7
29.8
25.5
89.9
202.5
31.3
27.3
91.4
203.4
31.4
27.4
92.1
119.3
3.6
11.7
83.2
117.3
3.5
11.9
82.1
120.0
3.5
11.9
84.0
484.1
35.6
48.8
254.7
485.8
36.1
49.0
257.2
493.8
36.5
49.9
261.4
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ...
New London-Norwich .
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
276.9
40.1
19.3
92.3
39.5
24.8
28.5
18.4
276.6
40.3
18.9
93.4
37.5
23.6
28.3
18.8
277.0
40.2
18.8
93.6
37.4
23.8
28.6
18.9
73.9
7.3
2.8
26.5
15.9
6.2
10.1
3.5
75.9
7.3
2.8
28.6
16.0
6.4
9.5
3.6
76.0
7.3
2.8
28.6
16.1
6.3
9.4
3.6
360.2
41.8
23.1
126.3
52.6
28.4
46.5
18.0
364.1
41.5
22.7
125.2
54.4
29.5
46.1
19.3
370.4
41.9
23.1
126.8
54.8
29.7
47.3
19.8
Delaware.
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .
56.6
6.0
41.3
59.9
6.6
43.9
59.9
6.5
43.9
15.8
1.7
13.8
16.3
1.7
14.1
16.4
1.7
14.2
87.2
14.2
63.2
87.0
13.4
62.4
88.2
14.0
63.2
District of Columbia ..
Washington PMSA ..
13.3
97.7
13.8
99.7
13.9
100.3
19.3
112.3
18.1
112.7
18.3
112.1
51.6
488.1
50.0
484.9
50.5
490.8
495.7
14.1
43.9
6.8
5.5
37.0
22.1
26.0
77.7
52.5
11.4
20.2
5.2
88.4
30.4
495.7
14.4
44.0
6.9
5.5
38.2
21.8
26.6
76.0
53.2
11.7
20.7
5.4
88.3
30.9
496.8
14.5
44.1
7.0
5.6
38.5
22.1
26.6
75.9
53.9
11.6
20.8
5.3
88.9
31.0
326.7
3.7
32.4
6.7
2.4
35.9
9.2
5.0
82.0
40.4
6.7
5.5
3.9
45.9
16.8
326.9
3.3
32.6
6.4
2.4
36.9
8.6
4.9
84.2
40.6
6.7
5.0
3.9
45.9
16.4
334.3
3.3
33.5
6.5
2.5
37.6
8.7
5.1
85.5
41.5
6.8
5.1
4.0
46.6
17.0
1,679.5
43.9
179.9
44.8
25.4
129.0
48.9
41.9
257.0
196.3
38.6
61.2
31.7
267.4
115.0
1,699.5
44.7
180.3
45.3
26.8
131.4
49.4
43.7
255.0
201.7
40.7
62.9
31.9
273.4
116.0
1,734.9
45.5
184.9
46.4
27.3
133.5
50.5
44.1
260.3
205.4
41.4
64.5
32.5
277.1
119.7
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach .,
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino ,
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral ..
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
82.7
33.6
4.6
9.7
9.1
2.4
84.7
34.7
4.7
9.7
9.4
2.5
85.1
34.7
4.7
9.7
9.4
2.5
411.9
129.6
44.2
58.2
40.6
13.3
422.9
132.7
46.0
60.1
41.0
13.9
422.1
132.9
45.5
59.9
41.0
13.8
343.5
69.2
38.7
33.9
36.4
21.2
352.1
70.4
38.4
36.0
37.1
21.9
350.3
70.9
38.4
36.2
37.1
21.6
Alaska
Anchorage
11.6
7.1
11.8
7.1
11.8
7.1
61.1
33.4
62.9
34.5
63.0
34.4
73.5
28.3
74.2
28.6
73.8
28.8
118.2
99.0
12.4
126.5
105.9
12.7
127.7
107.1
12.8
583.6
416.4
100.1
608.6
439.2
101.4
611.6
442.3
100.9
336.7
183.0
71.5
345.0
190.6
73.6
342.5
190.1
73.5
43.6
4.8
3.1
17.2
1.4
44.0
4.8
3.0
17.3
1.3
44.2
4.8
3.1
17.4
1.3
248.4
26.7
23.8
86.0
8.3
254.2
27.5
23.5
86.9
8.5
252.6
27.4
23.4
86.7
8.5
184.1
19.2
10.0
58.4
7.8
186.7
19.6
9.9
59.7
8.1
186.6
19.7
9.9
59.9
8.1
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach ,
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc ,
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
735.1
6.1
14.0
216.2
4.2
52.0
85.6
30.0
39.1
6.2
56.7
98.6
30.1
7.3
9.4
8.5
5.7
11.9
739.4
6.6
13.8
216.9
4.5
51.9
86.1
30.2
40.0
5.8
57.2
99.6
30.2
7.1
9.4
8.5
5.7
12.5
742.0
6.6
13.8
217.4
4.5
51.9
86.7
30.2
40.2
5.8
57.4
100.3
30.4
7.2
9.4
8.5
5.7
12.8
4,013.8
42.0
68.6
1,277.3
30.6
271.2
369.8
217.7
172.3
31.3
322.4
359.7
291.2
47.0
44.9
40.8
37.9
75.6
4,155.9
42.3
69.9
1,310.4
31.1
279.2
380.2
223.9
176.9
33.0
333.7
365.5
300.8
47.6
46.4
42.8
39.8
77.8
4,170.3
42.3
70.2
1,312.6
31.2
280.0
379.8
223.8
178.1
32.9
334.1
366.8
302.3
47.0
46.4
42.2
39.5
78.4
2,153.6
48.8
64.5
541.0
24.4
170.9
134.0
172.0
167.6
27.3
192.9
128.0
88.0
30.1
26.1
33.1
31.2
44.5
2,196.9
50.7
66.1
548.8
24.7
170.5
138.2
175.6
168.1
28.7
197.1
127.1
90.1
31.7
27.5
35.8
31.3
43.3
2,193.0
50.6
65.8
548.7
24.7
168.8
138.1
175.7
166.9
28.4
196.4
127.2
89.5
31.3
27.4
34.9
31.7
43,4
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont .
Colorado Springs ...
Denver
119.6
5.5
10.6
78.5
122.2
5.4
10.5
82.6
123.5
5.4
10.5
82.9
583.9
48.8
69.5
308.7
592.9
50.8
72.8
316.4
604.3
50.8
72.9
316.4
315.9
26.2
34.6
144.6
321.1
26.9
35.0
146.9
319.4
26.7
35.0
146.7
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Merlden
New London-Nonwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
130.5
10.5
4.1
67.9
13.7
3.5
23.2
4.5
131.2
10.4
4.4
67.1
13.4
3.6
24.9
4.6
131.9
10.5
4.5
67.1
13.4
3.6
25.4
4.6
490.7
57.3
23.9
168.1
86.0
33.5
70.3
24.9
508.4
59.0
24.1
171.8
89.0
34.3
70.9
26.0
509.1
59.1
24.2
171.8
88.8
34.4
70.9
25.7
232.6
20.3
9.5
95.5
31.8
34.9
17.6
12.8
233.0
20.8
9.6
102.2
32.1
36.4
17.8
12.7
231.8
20.6
9.7
101.8
32.0
36.3
17.8
12.8
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark ,
44.5
2.5
38.7
47.7
3.1
41.0
47.7
3.1
41.0
104.3
11.4
85.8
107.9
12.9
86.9
108.3
12.9
87.4
54.0
14.9
38.2
54.5
14.9
38.3
54.7
15.1
38.6
District of Columbia ..
Washington PMSA .,
28.0
129.9
27.6
128.7
27.6
129.0
267.1
915.1
267.9
955.8
267.7
957.7
237.0
596.5
225.7
593.5
226.2
590.9
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
401.6
6.7
43.9
8.6
5.0
51.9
7.8
5.7
67.8
45.7
5.9
11.8
5.7
72.8
29.8
414.2
6.8
45.0
8.4
5.2
52.7
7.9
5.8
69.9
47.2
6.0
11.9
5.8
77.1
30.1
417.8
6.8
45.3
8.5
5.2
52.6
8.0
5.9
70.1
47.7
6.2
12.1
5.8
77.9
30.4
2,167.1
51.6
208.4
49.6
30.7
158.5
46.2
59.4
310.0
314.5
47.9
98.6
37.9
389.2
163.3
2,265.5
52.9
218.8
49.6
32.3
166.1
48.7
61.4
317.9
337.1
50.2
107.4
39.9
408.3
171.3
2,283.0
52.8
221.3
50.1
32.2
166.1
49.2
61.5
320.7
340.1
50.3
108.2
40.0
411.2
173.5
954.7
23.9
83.5
24.2
39.0
70.8
25.7
24.7
135.4
84.7
28.2
23.7
58.8
134.9
51.8
969.1
24.7
84.7
24.5
39.7
73.2
26.2
25.0
139.6
86.9
27.9
24.6
59.3
135.9
54.8
970.5
24.7
85.1
24.5
39.6
73.8
26.4
25.2
138.6
87.0
27.8
24.9
59.4
136.1
52.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson
Arkansas .
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Nov.
1997
3,602.1
60.1
73.1
1,950.5
197.2
113.0
148.8
133.7
3,709.8
62.1
73.7
2,016.0
196.2
115.2
151.4
135.0
3,735.2
62.1
73.8
2,027.2
196.3
116.1
152.0
135.3
(M
Hawaii
Honolulu
536.0
408.0
531.2
403.3
533.0
404.9
(M
Idaho
Boise City
499.5
190.0
511.0
198.1
504.2
198.8
(M
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
5,758.8
78.6
99.1
4,032.0
176.8
57.9
43.8
168.1
177.7
113.0
5,831.3
79.6
99.8
4,097.8
179.2
58.1
44.9
170.7
178.2
113.8
5,832.0
80.3
99.4
4,102.3
179.4
58.2
45.1
169.8
178.9
114.2
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,853.7
63.8
116.1
152.0
268.6
264.1
828.2
53.6
90.8
59.9
133.7
71.4
2,893.7
68.1
117.5
153.3
268.6
265.5
832.8
54.4
95.3
61.4
137.4
71.4
2,890.8
65.2
117.0
152.7
269.3
265.3
834.2
54.8
94.6
61.4
138.0
71.0
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,402.8
111.6
268.9
50.1
65.1
65.3
70.1
1,428.8
114.1
273.9
51.0
66.4
65.3
71.8
1,426.7
113.8
274.4
51.4
65.9
65.0
71.4
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,256.5
45.9
100.3
270.2
1,286.2
46.0
99.6
277.4
1,284.8
45.8
99.4
277.9
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,705.7
267.4
545.0
42.8
1,734.7
274.7
556.3
44.2
1,741.4
274.0
558.7
44.5
22.7
.2
.6
.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,841.3
54.2
284.0
70.8
156.9
85.2
67.2
610.1
171.0
1,863.0
53.2
296.0
74.7
160.3
84.5
68.5
616.2
172.4
1,862.5
53.1
295.1
75.2
160.5
84.5
68.6
616.6
174.4
50.3
.1
.8
6.7
14.0
1.4
.2
14.1
2.5
545.5
41.9
141.4
563.6
43.6
142.6
561.2
43.3
142.7
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1996
7.8
0)
Dec.
1997P
1.6
.4
(M
(M
22.9
17.2
21.6
16.1
21.1
15.8
2.8
29.8
13.0
33.9
14.7
31.8
14.3
11.9
221.6
2.4
3.1
154.3
8.4
3.6
2.3
7.5
6.8
4.7
235.6
2.4
3.4
163.6
9.4
3.7
2.5
8.3
7.1
5.2
226.5
2.3
3.2
157.1
9.0
3.6
2.5
7.7
6.9
4.8
131.0
3.4
4.6
8.9
12.9
17.0
43.5
1.7
3.8
2.6
7.2
3.1
136.4
3.4
4.6
9.1
13.6
17.5
45.9
2.0
4.2
2.7
7.6
3.6
132.7
3.4
4.6
8.6
13.5
17.0
45.4
2.0
4.1
2.7
7.5
3.3
(M
1.1
(M
(M
12.1
12.0
(M
1.4
0)
O
(M
(M
(M
1.7
1.4
(M
1.6
(M
(M
^^
(M
(')
(M
(M
(M
(M
6.5
0)
(')
1.6
.4
2.9
3.0
C)
(M
171.0
4.2
2.4
95.4
10.3
5.2
6.3
7.4
1.1
(M
6.6
0)
6.5
(M
1.5
1.5
(M
.7
.8
O
.7
(V
^^
o
0)
(M
(M
.2
.2
.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
57.9
5.6
10.6
1.8
1.9
3.5
2.4
65.3
6.4
11.8
2.0
2.3
3.7
2.8
60.8
6.4
10.6
1.8
2.2
3.4
2.6
7.9
1.4
56.9
1.9
4.2
13.8
62.6
2.0
4.6
14.4
59.7
1.9
4.2
14.1
21.9
.2
.6
.3
21.8
.2
.5
.3
78.7
12.6
27.5
3.1
81.5
13.4
27.6
3.4
80.2
13.1
27.9
3.4
53.3
.1
1.0
7.6
15.3
1.4
.2
14.8
2.5
53.4
.1
1.1
7.6
15.3
1.4
.2
14.7
2.5
114.2
3.0
31.2
3.2
8.6
10.0
3.4
28.4
9.8
114.0
3.1
33.4
3.6
9.1
8.3
3.5
28.2
10.2
113.4
3.1
33.2
3.6
9.0
8.3
3.5
28.2
10.5
.1
23.6
1.6
6.5
26.2
1.9
6.5
24.7
1.8
6.4
0)
(')
(')
('J
(M
O
O
0)
7.8
{')
{')
(')
7.8
(M
1.5
0)
.1
(2)
(2)
Dec.
1997P
172.2
4.1
2.4
97.3
10.4
5.1
6.3
7.3
(M
1.5
.4
1.2
Nov.
1997
165.9
4.0
2.4
94.1
10.8
5.3
6.3
7.7
7.9
7.8
(M
Dec.
1996
1.4
(')
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Dec.
1996
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
590.0
8.7
11.9
219.3
41.6
21.3
20.7
17.3
589.9
8.5
11.8
220.3
40.6
20.8
21.0
18.1
591.5
8.4
11.8
220.8
40.8
21.0
21.0
18.2
224.1
2.8
2.0
159.4
6.5
3.5
5.3
9.1
235.5
2.8
2.0
165.8
6.6
3.7
5.4
9.8
236.7
2.8
2.1
166.9
6.6
3.9
5.4
9.6
938.1
14.9
19.6
534.4
45.3
26.0
35.8
35.9
948.1
15.2
19.2
541.9
44.8
26.2
35.6
34.8
965.7
15.3
19.4
549.8
45.1
26.4
36.0
35.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
16.4
12.6
16.1
12.4
16.0
12.3
41.4
33.6
40.9
32.9
40.7
33.0
137.8
102.8
134.8
99.7
136.2
100.5
Idaho
Boise City
73.0
33.7
76.3
35.8
76.2
36.0
23.6
9.2
24.5
9.5
24.4
9.6
129.2
46.7
128.0
47.9
128.9
48.3
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
978.1
9.0
12.0
661.9
29.8
13.9
8.6
31.6
53.6
4.5
980.0
9.0
12.1
661.9
30.1
13.7
8.9
31.9
54.1
4.5
977.8
9.1
12.1
662.2
30.4
13.7
9.0
31.9
54.4
4.5
338.2
2.8
2.5
248.7
9.2
5.0
1.9
9.2
9.2
4.8
345.3
2.8
2.6
254.9
9.2
5.2
2.0
9.4
9.3
4.9
345.3
2.9
2.6
255.4
9.2
5.2
2.0
9.4
9.5
4.9
1,346.1
18.0
22.4
936.3
48.5
12.6
10.8
41.0
38.0
24.9
1,332.6
18.1
22.3
931.2
48.8
12.8
11.0
41.7
37.6
25.0
1,353.5
18.2
22.5
948.4
49.2
13.0
11.1
42.1
38.2
25.6
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
672.9
9.7
58.1
31.5
73.6
51.0
126.4
21.0
22.1
10.9
22.0
11.8
675.5
10.6
58.9
30.7
72.6
49.9
126.1
21.6
22.4
10.5
22.4
11.5
677.1
10.4
58.5
30.7
73.0
49.8
126.3
21.7
22.4
10.5
22.5
11.5
140.0
1.8
3.3
7.3
12.7
15.3
48.3
1.3
2.3
4.2
5.8
3.3
141.9
1.9
3.0
7.2
12.2
15.0
47.1
1.3
2.3
4.2
6.1
3.1
142.4
1.7
3.0
7.3
12.3
15.0
47.7
1.3
2.3
4.2
6.1
3.1
701.2
15.5
22.3
37.6
64.3
64.6
221.3
12.1
19.5
13.5
34.7
21.8
700.8
15.5
22.3
37.2
65.2
64.2
222.1
12.2
19.8
13.6
34.2
20.8
705.4
16.0
22.3
37.5
65.3
64.6
222.7
12.2
20.0
13.5
34.6
20.6
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
248.4
20.7
24.4
11.7
4.8
13.1
14.6
251.6
21.8
25.1
11.9
4.7
13.2
14.6
251.7
21.8
25.2
12.0
4.7
13.1
14.4
64.6
7.9
13.1
2.0
1.9
3.8
2.3
67.1
7.7
13.9
2.0
1.9
3.8
2.2
67.4
7.6
14.0
2.0
2.0
3.9
2.2
346.9
25.6
72.4
12.1
12.9
16.2
16.6
346.8
25.5
71.9
12.0
13.3
15.8
16.7
348.3
25.5
72.9
12.0
13.3
15.9
16.9
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
199.1
5.2
9.9
65.1
207.0
5.3
9.4
71.2
207.6
5.3
9.6
71.5
70.8
1.2
6.5
10.5
73.1
1.1
6.7
10.3
73.2
1.1
6.6
10.3
311.7
12.2
22.2
63.3
315.9
12.3
22.1
63.1
316.3
12.4
22.2
63.4
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
312.3
44.3
87.7
6.8
313.0
45.7
87.7
7.0
314.9
45.9
89.2
7.0
96.9
10.7
38.6
2.2
98.5
10.8
40.9
2.3
98.6
10.9
40.3
2.3
415.4
61.7
137.7
11.1
419.8
63.2
139.9
11.6
425.5
63.4
141.8
11.9
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
189.3
3.5
24.5
6.7
15.7
11.6
7.8
47.6
20.1
190.3
3.4
24.9
7.5
15.1
12.0
7.8
48.1
19.8
189.7
3.5
24.9
7.6
15.2
12.0
7.8
48.1
19.9
109.1
2.7
12.6
7.3
9.6
4.4
3.7
42.0
8.3
111.1
2.6
12.5
7.7
9.6
4.4
3.8
41.9
8.2
111.3
2.6
12.6
7.8
9.7
4.4
3.8
41.7
8.3
437.0
12.4
66.6
17.0
41.0
17.9
17.0
154.3
39.7
444.1
12.5
70.7
17.4
42.0
18.5
17.6
155.4
40.4
448.4
12.4
71.1
17.4
42.1
18.5
17.8
155.7
41.1
88.2
7.8
14.3
89.5
7.8
15.1
89.5
7.8
15.4
22.7
1.8
6.2
22.7
2.0
6.3
22.8
2.0
6.3
136.0
11.1
42.7
143.9
11.5
43.6
142.9
11.5
43.6
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
Services
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
183.5
2.3
2.2
123.7
6.3
7.4
8.1
4.2
191.1
2.4
2.2
129.7
6.1
8.0
8.3
4.3
192.7
2.4
2.3
130.1
6.1
8.0
8.4
4.4
916.9
14.9
15.1
561.9
45.8
28.6
38.1
38.5
981.5
15.8
15.8
598.5
46.2
30.2
40.2
39.1
985.6
15.7
15.6
601.4
46.1
30.3
40.3
38.9
575.8
12.5
19.9
256.1
40.5
20.9
33.3
21.0
583.7
13.3
20.3
261.0
41.1
21.2
33.5
21.6
584.1
13.3
20.2
261.2
40.9
21.3
33.5
21.6
Hawaii
Honolulu
36.6
29.5
35.5
28.5
35.4
28.5
168.0
121.3
169.7
123.2
169.4
122.8
112.9
91.0
112.6
90.5
114.2
92.0
Idaho
Boise City
25.5
11.6
25.6
11.9
25.6
11.9
114.7
46.4
119.4
48.1
115.5
48.5
100.7
29.4
100.4
30.2
99.0
30.2
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
387.2
13.6
3.5
303.2
8.1
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.5
7.8
393.9
14.0
3.5
308.1
8.4
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.4
7.9
395.6
14.1
3.5
309.1
8.4
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.5
8.0
1,655.5
18.6
20.2
1,236.3
45.9
14.1
11.5
51.7
45.4
32.6
1,707.1
18.8
20.4
1,282.0
45.8
13.8
11.8
51.9
45.2
32.4
1,704.5
18.9
20.5
1,277.5
46.2
13.8
11.8
51.8
45.0
32.5
820.0
14.2
35.4
489.9
26.9
6.8
7.0
19.0
17.2
33.7
824.8
14.5
35.5
494.4
27.5
7.0
7.0
19.4
17.5
33.9
816.9
14.8
35.0
491.0
27.0
7.0
7.0
18.8
17.4
33.9
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
135.8
2.1
2.7
7.5
14.7
9.5
60.6
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.3
138.0
2.1
2.9
7.5
14.6
9.5
62.1
1.4
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.4
138.0
2.0
2.9
7.6
14.7
9.6
62.2
1.4
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.4
661.5
12.3
17.9
43.1
62.3
69.1
214.7
8.6
16.5
15.2
43.5
16.5
688.5
12.6
18.6
44.3
62.6
72.2
217.4
8.4
17.9
15.4
46.3
17.4
685.4
12.5
18.6
44.2
62.7
71.9
217.7
8.6
17.9
15.4
46.5
17.5
404.8
19.0
7.2
14.7
28.1
37.6
112.6
7.4
22.9
11.8
14.0
12.4
406.0
22.0
7.2
15.8
27.8
37.2
111.4
7.5
25.0
13.3
14.3
12.4
403.3
19.2
7.1
15.3
27.8
37.4
111.5
7.6
24.2
13.4
14.3
12.4
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
77.8
5.6
36.5
1.6
1.7
2.6
3.3
79.4
6.1
38.6
1.6
1.9
2.6
3.3
79.8
6.1
38.6
1.6
1.9
2.6
3.3
368.6
35.4
77.5
17.2
13.6
18.6
18.0
380.4
35.5
78.5
17.7
13.9
18.5
18.9
380.8
35.4
78.9
18.2
13.5
18.4
18.8
236.5
10.8
34.4
3.7
28.3
7.5
12.9
236.0
11.1
34.1
3.8
28.4
7.7
13.3
235.8
11.0
34.2
3.8
28.3
7.7
13.2
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
58.9
2.0
6.6
11.2
60.8
1.9
7.0
11.1
60.7
1.9
7.0
11.1
305.6
10.1
27.1
70.7
313.0
10.3
26.5
71.6
312.9
10.1
26.2
71.6
245.7
13.3
23.8
34.1
246.0
13.1
23.3
34.3
246.5
13.1
23.6
34.5
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
68.7
10.2
28.8
1.9
70.0
10.5
29.2
1.9
70.3
10.5
29.5
1.9
415.0
70.9
154.8
10.5
429.4
73.5
160.4
10.6
429.8
73.2
159.5
10.6
296.0
56.8
69.3
6.9
300.6
57.4
70.0
7.1
300.3
56.8
70.0
7.1
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
83.4
2.2
16.8
2.3
5.8
2.7
4.6
30.9
6.7
84.5
2.2
17.6
2.3
5.9
2.7
4.9
31.0
6.4
84.9
2.2
17.6
2.3
5.9
2.7
4.9
31.1
6.3
494.8
17.0
73.0
14.5
38.9
24.0
17.8
189.4
51.4
498.2
16.1
75.0
15.0
39.9
23.4
17.7
190.3
51.9
496.6
16.1
75.1
15.3
39.9
23.3
17.8
190.4
52.7
363.2
13.3
58.5
13.1
23.3
13.2
12.7
103.4
32.5
367.5
13.2
60.9
13.6
23.4
13.8
13.0
106.5
33,0
364.8
13.1
59.5
13.6
23.4
13.9
12.8
106.7
33.1
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
27.0
2.0
12.5
27.5
2.1
12.6
27.9
2.1
12.7
150.4
12.7
40.5
155.7
13.4
40.1
156.0
13.2
39.9
97.5
4.9
18.7
98.0
4.9
18.4
97.3
4.9
18.4
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.
2,246.3
1,154.9
406.9
834.1
2,282.9
1,174.0
409.5
840.5
2,289.7
1,175.1
409.9
843.1
C)
0 )
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,108.4
52.9
1,891.9
92.6
51.5
148.4
110.8
63.0
41.7
249.5
223.2
3,186.4
55.2
1,935.2
94.0
52.0
151.8
114.6
64.3
42.5
251.4
228.1
3,190.8
54.5
1,940.2
93.7
52.2
152.0
115.3
64.2
42.5
250.4
228.3
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,428.0
266.9
71.9
2,096.1
184.7
547.9
61.0
209.7
234.4
178.1
4,479.1
271.4
73.5
2,141.6
185.4
563.0
61.8
211.9
236.7
181.7
4,501.6
272.1
73.2
2,151.9
186.2
565.9
61.8
211.6
236.3
181.6
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,469.5
111.4
1,605.7
71.2
85.8
2,528.6
113.7
1,642.1
73.5
86.9
2,526.8
112.9
1,641.3
73.7
86.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
O
(M
(M
Mississippi
Jackson
1,104.7
219.6
1,115.0
220.8
1,114.7
222.1
(2)
Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....
2,608.6
895.6
1,299.5
158.5
2,642.5
918.1
1,303.3
160.3
2,642.6
919.7
1,307.9
159.7
0 )
0 )
0 )
Nov.
1997
1.1
.1
Dec.
1997P
1.2
.2
(M
(M
1.3
0 )
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
(2)
.1
.1
.2
7.5
(M
0 )
141.6
65.8
13.3
60.5
1.3
96.6
2.4
53.5
3.2
1.6
5.7
4.8
2.0
1.5
7.3
7.2
105.4
2.5
57.6
3.3
1.7
6.1
5.0
2.1
1.8
8.2
8.0
101.8
2.5
55.6
3.2
1.6
5.8
4.9
2.0
1.8
7.7
7.6
169.0
9.3
2.2
76.2
6.9
22.8
2.1
7.5
7.8
8.8
195.7
10.3
2.6
88.2
7.5
24.8
2.3
8.2
8.8
10.1
185.4
9.9
2.5
84.6
7.4
23.6
2.2
7.9
8.2
9.6
7.5
4.9
84.6
4.0
54.4
2.4
3.6
97.5
4.7
61.3
2.8
4.0
88.7
4.2
57.6
2.7
3.7
5.2
48.9
10.8
49.8
11.2
49.2
11.4
4.7
118.5
44.6
66.8
6.4
121.9
49.1
66.2
6.4
116.6
47.0
65.3
6.4
.4
.1
.1
.2
7.2
(M
(M
.8
0 )
C)
142.6
66.5
13.5
61.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
(2)
.1
.1
.2
7.0
(M
(M
.8
.8
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
0 )
o
(M
(M
(M
7.7
5.0
{')
C)
(M
(M
7.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
(2)
4.8
(2)
4.8
C)
(M
(M
Dec.
1997P
134.8
63.8
12.7
58.9
(M
.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
(2)
Nov.
1997
1.2
.2
(M
(M
{')
1.3
Dec.
1996
(M
(M
(M
Montana
360.6
369.5
368.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
16.3
19.9
18.3
Nebraska ...
Lincoln ....
Omaha ....
848.3
146.2
390.0
870.4
148.4
402.1
869.2
148.1
401.6
1.2
1.1
1.1
36.1
6.1
17.7
39.1
6.6
19.3
37.9
6.2
19.0
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
874.3
617.6
175.9
918.0
651.6
181.0
916.3
651.6
179.6
14.7
2.1
.5
80.2
62.3
12.5
86.6
66.5
14.1
86.5
66.8
13.6
New Hampshire.
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester „
573.0
95.8
88.4
113.5
578.1
96.0
92.6
113.8
582.5
97.0
93.1
114.0
.4
21.6
4.2
2.7
3.4
22.0
4.6
2.5
3.4
21.4
4.6
2.5
3.1
3,698.5
172.1
639.9
471.0
244.1
595.5
354.3
944.4
197.2
57.0
3,766.0
178.6
647.1
481.2
249.5
609.3
360.4
959.4
199.0
59.7
3,776.5
176.4
647.6
483.4
249.4
611.4
358.7
965.5
199.5
59.5
2.0
125.4
7.4
20.8
20.8
4.0
19.1
16.8
29.8
4.1
1.8
134.1
8.5
21.7
21.3
5.1
19.9
17.4
31.1
4.5
2.1
130.2
7.9
20.7
20.9
4.9
19.1
16.9
31.1
4.4
2.0
704.2
330.4
52.0
69.9
714.5
337.5
52.5
70.3
716.7
338.2
52.5
70.1
41.3
21.7
3.2
3.3
42.4
21.8
3.2
3.5
41.8
21.6
3.1
3.4
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May ...
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City...
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque .
LasCruces ...
Santa Fe
0 )
0 )
{')
(M
(M
15.0
2.1
.6
.5
0 )
0 )
C)
0 )
14.9
2.1
.5
.5
0 )
(M
C)
1.9
(M
(M
(M
2.1
(M
C)
0 )
C)
(M
(M
.5
(M
(M
{')
(M
(M
.5
(M
.6
.5
(M
.7
(M
.6
(M
.3
.3
.3
15.5
(M
(M
(M
15.7
0 )
15.6
(M
O
0 )
O
(M
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.
173.8
101.2
32.5
36.9
175.1
101.2
32.3
37.2
175.5
101.4
32.5
37.6
107.0
57.3
19.5
34.6
107.0
57.9
19.8
33.5
107.2
58.1
19.7
33.5
547.8
275.1
66.0
206.5
547.6
274.4
65.1
204.6
554.3
279.3
65.3
207.4
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
445.5
1.8
219.9
10.9
13.6
36.9
28.1
13.9
7.5
39.0
41.9
452.5
1.8
222.3
10.5
13.6
38.6
29.4
14.5
7.3
39.4
43.3
453.1
1.8
222.4
10.6
13.7
38.7
29.7
14.5
7.3
39.3
43.6
134.0
3.0
83.8
5.1
2.1
5.2
6.5
2.5
1.2
9.4
9.3
134.0
2.9
83.2
5.2
2.2
5.3
6.8
2.5
1.2
9.0
9.4
133.9
2.9
83.1
5.2
2.2
5.3
6.8
2.6
1.2
8.9
9.3
724.0
17.7
419.5
31.3
12.6
36.3
24.4
16.6
10.7
59.0
49.5
731.6
19.0
417.9
32.0
12.3
36.9
24.5
16.6
10.6
58.6
49.8
741.4
18.7
425.3
31.9
12.5
37.1
24.7
16.9
10.8
59.1
50.0
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor .
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
971.0
53.9
21.0
449.6
43.6
155.0
13.0
49.8
30.2
39.8
965.4
53.7
21.0
445.5
40.9
157.3
13.0
49.8
30.3
40.0
967.2
53.9
21.1
445.7
40.9
158.6
13.1
49.9
30.3
39.7
169.3
5.8
2.9
94.7
5.3
19.2
3.6
6.9
6.2
7.1
172.0
5.9
2.9
96.1
5.3
19.6
3.6
7.0
6.1
7.3
172.5
6.0
2.9
96.7
5.4
19.6
3.6
7.0
6.1
7.3
1,065.7
53.5
16.2
507.7
47.7
137.9
15.9
47.2
52.6
46.8
1,060.4
54.1
16.5
519.9
48.2
141.5
15.9
47.7
53.0
47.5
1,078.5
54.8
16.5
530.4
49.3
143.4
16.0
48.0
53.4
48.1
Minnesota .
Duluth-Superior .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
428.4
8.2
273.3
10.1
15.3
439.2
8.3
277.4
11.8
15.7
439.4
8.3
277.5
11.7
16.0
121.8
7.1
87.3
2.0
2.9
125.5
7.6
88.1
2.1
3.0
125.8
7.7
88.2
2.1
3.0
611.7
28.9
397.7
14.8
26.7
614.9
29.1
399.2
14.9
26.6
622.0
29.2
403.3
15.0
26.7
Mississippi
Jackson
243.0
21.6
242.8
22.1
242.2
21.7
52.7
15.2
53.6
15.1
53.0
15.0
237.5
53.4
234.6
52.3
236.0
53.2
Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....
412.7
106.8
196.3
23.7
412.7
107.8
196.1
23.7
413.1
107.9
196.5
23.8
162.6
70.4
81.1
10.7
159.3
70.5
80.9
11.7
159.5
70.6
80.8
11.7
630.8
227.1
317.0
45.7
629.9
228.8
318.0
45.1
632.9
231.6
322.5
45.0
Montana
24.0
24.3
24.2
20.7
21.1
21.1
98.0
99.0
99.5
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
115.3
16.7
39.9
115.7
17.7
39.3
115.9
17.6
39.4
50.9
9.1
26.2
53.5
9.3
27.4
53.8
9.4
27.9
214.0
31.8
94.2
214.9
30.5
97.1
215.3
30.6
97.3
39.4
21.8
13.2
40.6
22.6
13.6
40.7
22.6
13.7
43.3
30.9
10.8
45.4
32.1
11.3
45.1
31.9
11.2
180.2
128.0
41.2
187.6
134.2
41.8
188.9
135.2
41.9
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.,
105.6
13.1
27.0
18.3
107.1
13.2
28.0
19.3
107.8
13.3
27.9
19.9
20.0
5.6
2.3
4.1
19.3
5.5
2.2
4.5
19.6
5.7
2.3
4.4
150.2
24.3
21.8
29.1
153.0
24.1
22.8
29.7
154.8
24.5
23.1
29.6
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City.
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
484.3
6.2
106.1
55.7
28.6
94.5
21.6
135.0
19.9
12.6
485.8
6.1
105.1
56.0
30.1
93.3
21.9
137.2
19.4
12.9
483.9
6.4
104.1
56.4
29.3
93.3
21.7
137.5
19.2
12.8
258.8
7.3
34.9
22.4
29.5
47.1
21.4
82.1
7.7
2.9
262.1
7.4
35.0
22.5
29.4
47.3
22.1
84.1
8.1
3.2
262.8
7.2
34.4
22.5
29.2
47.4
21.8
84.3
8.1
3.1
886.5
34.1
181.1
130.8
58.8
141.3
99.1
192.5
33.2
11.4
890.3
36.4
179.9
132.4
58.5
141.5
99.6
193.9
32.6
11.9
905.7
35.9
182.0
135.2
58.9
143.7
100.4
197.6
33.1
12.1
45.7
29.6
2.6
2.0
47.0
30.7
2.8
1.9
46.7
30.6
2.8
2.0
31.3
15.0
1.8
1.3
32.0
15.4
1.9
1.3
32.3
15.5
1.9
1.3
168.6
81.6
11.1
15.0
170.1
81.9
11.2
15.0
171.6
82.5
11.4
15.1
Nevada
Las Vegas....
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
128.7
71.0
33.4
48.8
128.5
69.7
32.7
48.4
129.1
69.7
32.8
48.8
725.2
375.2
154.3
277.6
750.4
390.6
157.3
281.9
751.2
388.7
157.1
282.0
427.9
211.2
88.5
170.8
430.5
213.5
88.8
173.8
429.6
211.9
89.2
173.3
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
212.9
3.2
157.3
3.0
1.5
4.5
3.8
2.0
1.9
12.4
15.3
219.7
3.4
162.6
3.0
1.6
4.3
3.9
2.0
2.0
11.8
15.7
220.6
3.3
163.1
3.1
1.6
4.4
3.9
2.0
2.0
11.9
15.7
1,083.6
17.0
735.8
23.3
12.4
42.1
28.9
16.1
13.9
75.9
66.9
1,128.1
17.8
767.9
23.9
12.8
42.9
30.3
16.2
14.4
77.6
68.3
1,124.9
17.4
766.5
23.5
12.7
43.1
30.6
16.2
14.2
77.1
68.3
410.5
7.8
221.7
15.8
7.7
17.7
14.3
9.9
4.9
46.4
32.9
413.8
7.8
223.3
16.1
7.8
17.7
14.7
10.4
5.1
46.7
33.4
413.8
7.9
223.8
16.2
7.9
17.6
14.7
10.0
5.1
46.3
33.6
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
202.5
9.7
2.6
111.1
6.7
21.5
1.8
10.8
13.2
6.6
202.7
9.9
2.6
111.8
6.7
22.3
1.8
10.9
13.4
6.7
204.2
10.1
2.6
112.4
6.7
22.5
1.8
10.9
13.6
6.7
1,178.0
62.5
18.4
624.0
49.2
136.7
14.1
52.0
55.1
46.0
1,213.4
64.3
19.1
648.1
51.0
141.8
14.5
52.5
56.4
47.1
1,221.4
64.4
18.8
651.0
50.9
142.3
14.5
52.4
56.1
47.2
665.0
72.2
8.7
232.0
25.3
54.7
10.5
35.5
69,3
22.9
662.2
73.2
8.8
231.3
25.7
55.7
10.7
35.7
68.7
23.2
665.4
73.1
8.8
230.4
25.7
55.9
10.5
35.6
68.6
23.0
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
143.5
3.4
112.8
2.4
2.9
146.6
3.5
114.7
2.4
3.0
147.5
3.5
115.3
2.5
3.0
679.3
31.7
458.7
32.4
21.2
700.0
31.5
475.3
32.6
21.4
702.5
31.5
476.8
32.9
21.5
392.5
23.1
221.0
7.1
13.2
397.0
24.1
225.6
6.9
13.2
393.4
23.6
222.1
6.8
13.0
41.1
15.6
40.8
15.9
40.8
16.0
253.1
56.2
256.6
57.1
255.8
57.3
223.5
46.1
232.0
46.4
232.5
46.8
152.1
62.9
78.4
6.7
158.0
64.3
78.5
6.9
159.3
64.8
78.6
6.9
713.7
254.3
397.4
45.5
730.5
261.0
403.7
46.0
730.7
260.8
404.1
45.5
413.4
129.5
162.5
19.8
425.4
136.6
159.9
20.5
425.8
137.0
160.1
20.4
Montana
16.2
16.6
16.8
101.7
104.1
105.0
78.2
79.2
78.4
Nebraslta
Lincoln
Omaha
53.6
9.6
32.7
55.9
10.0
34.4
56.5
10.1
34.7
223.5
36.7
129.1
234.1
37.1
133.5
233.1
36.8
132.6
153.7
36.2
50.2
156.1
37.2
51.1
155.6
37.4
50.7
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
38.4
29.4
7.7
40.4
30.8
8.1
40.7
31.0
8.1
371.9
277.8
66.8
391.1
294.1
67.7
387.6
292.0
66.8
105.9
65.3
23.1
111.4
69.2
23.9
112.1
70.0
23.8
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
28.2
7.1
3.2
5.9
28.0
6.6
3.0
5.8
27.9
6.5
3.1
5.8
163.3
30.9
23.2
29.0
164.3
31.0
25.6
29.1
166.0
31.1
25.8
29.3
83.6
10.6
8.2
23.7
83.9
11.0
8.5
22.0
84.6
11.3
8.4
21.9
233.5
5.8
34.3
22.4
24.5
43.6
17.9
70.0
11.2
3.2
236.3
6.0
34.6
23.1
25.3
43.5
18.6
70.6
11.2
3.3
237.0
6.0
34.8
23.1
25.6
43.7
18.6
70.5
11.3
3.3
1,133.9
82.9
190.7
139.5
58.9
171.7
114.2
290.9
68.2
12.0
1,178.2
85.6
198.7
147.0
61.2
184.5
118.4
296.4
69.8
12.4
1,177.2
84.7
199.6
146.3
61.6
185.4
116.7
297.8
70.4
12.2
574.2
28.4
72.0
79.4
39.8
77.7
63.3
143.5
52.9
12.8
577.1
28.6
72.1
78.9
39.9
78.8
62.4
145.4
53.4
13.6
577.7
28.3
72.0
79.0
39.9
78.3
62.6
146.1
53.0
13.7
31.9
17.2
1.9
3.2
31.9
17.1
1.9
3.2
32.2
17.0
1.9
3.2
194.2
101.6
11.5
20.9
197.3
105.7
11.1
21.6
198.6
105.9
11.1
21.4
175.7
63.7
19.9
24.2
178.1
64.9
20.4
23.8
177.9
65.1
20.3
23.7
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse....
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,054.1
430.5
113.7
545.8
108.2
44.2
48.8
1,124.1
3,937.5
3,428.5
119.8
534.0
101.3
338.2
127.0
387.9
8,158.0
435.4
116.4
547.4
109.1
43.5
48.7
1,141.6
3,987.3
3,472.5
119.4
537.3
101.5
340.6
128.5
393.2
8,176.8
435.1
116.3
547.7
108.9
43.7
48.5
1,149.4
4,004.3
3,487.6
119.1
535.9
101.9
340.2
127.6
394.8
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,647.1
105.7
741.6
622.6
583.2
3,707.7
108.9
746.6
622.7
601.3
3,712.8
108.8
747.9
622.5
601.5
313.8
48.0
94.2
49.8
323.5
49.3
98.5
52.4
322.6
49.1
98.5
52.5
Ohio
Akron ....
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ...
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren ....
5,386.3
321.1
180.9
836.1
1,136.4
815.7
478.2
114.1
78.2
80.8
47.6
320.5
244.5
5,427.0
324.6
183.6
843.3
1,151.3
825.3
479.4
115.2
79.5
81.7
50.2
317.6
245.0
5,439.9
325.2
184.2
846.7
1,155.6
828.3
479.5
114.9
79.8
81.9
50.4
317.5
245.4
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,387.4
24.1
38.1
505.4
371.7
1,416.9
24.1
38.7
512.6
381.2
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ash land
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,509.4
136.1
68.5
905.8
130.6
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton .
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .,
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton.
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,419.7
261.6
57.9
128.7
350.9
86.7
211.1
2,257.5
686.0
1,074.1
163.5
274.8
47.3
67.8
54.5
163.3
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1997
4.6
.5
(M
0 )
(M
(M
(M
.3
^^
(M
(M
203.5
5.8
45.7
30.4
33.8
4.1
13.9
2.4
5.1
2.1
16.7
2.7
6.5
2.9
15.0
2.5
5.9
2.8
13.6
.3
.7
.7
.9
.6
.4
229.2
13.9
9.0
42.0
46.2
35.0
18.1
6.8
4.1
2.6
1.7
15.1
10.2
221.4
13.2
8.7
40.9
44.9
34.0
17.7
6.6
4.0
2.5
1.8
14.7
10.0
.4
.4
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
4.0
4.0
(M
{')
0 )
4.3
(M
(M
C)
(M
204.6
6.0
45.5
30.5
33.8
.3
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
194.9
5.8
44.2
29.6
31.3
(M
(M
(M
3.8
(M
(M
(M
3.9
(^^)
.3
.5
(M
267.7
14.3
3.5
19.9
4.6
1.7
1.9
49.8
122.6
97.8
4.4
16.6
3.9
12.1
3.1
18.7
(M
(M
C)
O
(M
13.7
.3
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.4
Dec.
1997P
278.8
15.4
3.9
21.9
4.7
1.7
2.1
50.7
124.8
99.3
4.5
17.8
4.1
12.9
3.4
19.2
4.5
.5
(M
(M
0 )
C)
0 )
Nov.
1997
258.4
13.8
3.7
19.9
4.4
1.5
1.8
46.5
118.7
93.7
4.5
16.5
4.2
11.9
2.9
18.8
5.0
.6
(M
(M
Dec.
1996
.4
.2
.6
.4
.2
.5
.4
.2
.5
215.9
12.6
8.1
38.9
42.3
32.9
17.6
6.3
3.7
2.5
1.8
15.5
9.5
1,421.1
24.3
38.8
515.5
383.4
31.1
1.0
.1
7.0
7.8
31.2
1.0
.1
7.1
7.6
31.4
1.0
.1
7.1
in
51.4
1.0
1.6
18.7
14.0
52.8
1.2
1.6
19.2
14.5
52.8
1.2
1.6
18.9
14.5
1,557.2
140.8
70.7
937.7
134.3
1,557.7
140.0
71.2
942.3
133.5
1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.2
1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3
1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3
79.6
6.2
3.0
51.4
6.6
86.0
6.7
3.0
56.5
7.1
85.1
6.6
3.0
56.4
7.1
5,533.9
264.4
58.1
130.7
356.2
88.1
215.0
2,288.7
689.7
1,080.8
167.1
277.3
48.8
71.3
55.4
164.7
5,527.0
264.0
58.1
129.9
357.0
87.9
215.2
2,296.0
691.1
1,079.1
167.1
276.7
48.7
69.7
54.8
164.9
19.6
20.2
C)
(M
20.0
O
(M
(M
O
C)
203.6
10.4
2.5
4.5
12.9
3.8
11.9
80.6
10.2
46.8
6.4
9.1
1.5
2.5
2.3
7.8
228.0
10.3
2.6
4.5
14.0
4.3
12.2
85.3
10.8
50.2
7.4
10.2
1.6
2.5
2.4
8.2
218.7
10.1
2.4
3.9
13.3
3.9
12.0
83.7
10.4
46.9
7.2
9.3
1.5
2.2
2.2
7.9
13.8
.3
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.4
0 )
C)
0 )
(M
O
(M
(M
.4
C)
0 )
.4
(M
(M
C)
4.2
r )
(M
.4
(M
(M
0 )
0 )
.5
4.4
4.5
0 )
.4
(M
A
(M
(M
.4
(M
(M
(M
.4
.4
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy ...
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
915.9
39.0
25.3
88.9
17.5
9.5
8.4
111.0
314.0
260.6
12.1
128.2
12.0
49.2
18.7
39.7
926.3
39.0
26.2
89.7
18.1
9.3
8.2
112.7
317.9
264.5
11.5
126.8
12.2
49.6
19.0
39.5
922.3
39.0
26.1
89.9
18.0
9.4
8.2
112.6
313.9
260.5
11.4
126.5
12.2
49.5
19.0
39.6
407.6
17.1
4.7
26.0
4.0
1.5
1.3
49.4
234.0
207.5
6.5
18.3
6.1
18.2
4.1
19.8
412.4
17.5
4.8
25.6
3.9
1.5
1.4
50.8
233.6
207.3
6.7
18.4
6.1
18.5
3.8
19.5
413.2
17.4
4.8
25.5
3.8
1.5
1.4
50.9
233.8
207.4
6.8
18.3
6.1
18.7
3.8
19.7
1,688.2
96.3
24.5
133.6
21.3
11.6
11.4
298.0
703.6
586.0
33.8
114.5
23.8
81.2
28.1
89.5
1,680.5
96.7
24.3
133.0
21.3
11.2
11.1
297.3
706.0
590.4
33.7
114.5
23.4
80.8
27.7
88.0
1,705.6
98.0
24.7
134.7
21.6
11.5
11.0
303.6
718.9
600.5
33.7
116.0
23.9
81.5
27.4
90.3
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
847.3
20.1
146.8
166.1
81.9
845.0
19.8
146.6
165.6
83.5
844.8
19.7
147.0
165.5
83.2
171.7
4.9
53.3
33.4
25.8
175.4
4.9
50.3
32.5
26.9
176.6
4.9
50.3
32.6
27.2
841.8
26.2
178.9
144.9
123.2
827.5
26.7
177.8
141.5
123.9
835.4
26.8
179.0
141.5
123.9
21.9
2.5
7.7
3.9
23.3
2.7
8.2
3.9
23.0
2.6
8.4
3.8
18.6
3.1
5.5
2.4
18.6
3.2
5.4
2.2
18.7
3.1
5.3
2.3
82.0
12.1
27.4
14.1
83.2
12.2
27.9
14.6
84.0
12.3
28.2
14.6
1,094.0
65.0
46.6
142.7
223.0
91.6
100.7
21.3
19.7
23.0
11.0
61.3
59.2
1,085.1
63.0
46.6
141.7
222.9
91.9
100.0
21.0
19.6
22.8
13.4
61.7
58.8
1,090.0
63.7
46.9
142.1
225.0
92.5
100.2
21.2
19.7
22.9
13.4
61.7
58.8
234.7
14.8
5.7
43.5
45.4
36.4
19.3
4.6
2.9
4.2
2.8
14.4
10.0
237.0
14.8
5.7
44.4
45.2
37.4
19.1
4.7
3.0
4.0
2.7
14.5
10.3
237.1
14.7
5.7
44.1
45.4
37.1
19.3
4.6
3.0
4.0
2.7
14.4
10.4
1,348.8
81.3
45.3
221.7
277.1
225.6
112.9
31.6
19.2
18.6
11.0
81.2
63.2
1,345.0
81.5
45.6
220.7
277.7
222.3
112.5
31.1
19.7
18.7
10.8
79.7
62.8
1,362.5
82.1
46.0
224.6
281.2
225.3
113.7
31.2
19.8
19.0
10.9
80.1
63.4
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
177.3
1.9
3.7
52.4
56.5
180.3
2.0
3.7
54.4
58.4
181.3
2.0
3.6
54.5
58.6
77.8
2.0
1.8
24.1
28.3
80.2
2.1
1.8
24.7
30.3
80.8
2.1
1.8
25.0
30.5
328.9
6.3
9.0
124.5
89.4
332.9
6.0
8.9
124.3
91.3
334.7
6.1
9.0
126.1
92.4
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
235.2
20.1
8.9
141.6
16.6
246.2
21.7
9.2
150.0
17.4
244.1
21.2
9.1
150.0
16.5
73.3
4.5
3.2
51.3
3.5
74.1
4.7
3.3
52.6
3.4
73.8
4.7
3.2
52.8
3.5
380.3
36.0
22.1
231.3
28.9
387.3
37.2
22.4
236.2
29.0
392.0
37.2
23.1
240.8
29.4
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton.
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
932.4
57.2
10.4
33.9
45.3
12.6
56.5
306.8
60.7
133.5
43.9
55.3
10.8
8.8
13.2
48.8
936.9
57.2
10.0
34.1
45.8
12.6
56.4
308.6
60.5
135.0
43.9
54.0
11.4
8.9
13.4
49.3
936.6
57.1
10.1
34.0
46.0
12.5
56.4
308.6
60.6
135.1
43.7
53.8
11.5
8.9
13.3
48.9
275.0
14.5
4.3
4.7
24.1
4.8
8.5
105.9
32.6
66.3
7.4
14.8
2.0
2.0
1.9
7.5
275.3
14.7
4.3
4.5
24.7
5.0
8.3
107.8
32.7
65.9
7.6
14.9
2.2
2.0
1.9
7.4
274.6
14.7
4.3
4.5
24.8
4.9
8.3
107.9
32.9
66.1
7.6
14.9
2.2
2.0
1.8
7.4
1,255.7
54.8
15.7
29.3
79.7
20.9
53.6
516.1
117.1
266.5
38.5
66.3
12.6
13.0
13.1
40.2
1,268.0
55.5
15.6
29.5
80.6
21.3
54.5
514.8
116.6
261.5
39.3
66.3
13.1
13.3
13.3
40.6
1,277.1
55.9
15.7
29.7
81.8
21.3
55.1
522.0
117.7
264.1
39.9
66.6
13.2
13.2
13.3
41.1
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
(In thousands)
Government
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk ...
New York PMSA .
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
725.5
25.7
3.9
28.2
4.2
1.4
2.5
79.2
508.6
477.0
5.3
23.0
5.0
18.0
7.7
25.5
725.3
25.7
4.1
28.5
4.2
1.3
2.5
78.3
508.5
476.3
5.2
23.0
4.9
17.8
7.7
26.1
728.1
25.9
4.1
28.5
4.2
1.3
2.5
78.9
510.3
478.1
5.3
23.0
4.9
17.8
7.6
26.1
2,663.2
129.0
29.2
160.2
33.5
11.2
13.1
357.5
1,444.8
1,271.7
30.7
153.2
30.5
98.9
37.4
136.5
2,736.0
130.6
30.6
159.9
33.7
10.7
13.4
368.3
1,481.3
1,302.0
30.9
156.2
31.3
99.0
39.0
141.9
2,742.0
130.0
30.6
160.3
33.6
10.8
13.4
369.1
1,489.4
1,309.9
30.7
155.4
31.4
98.9
38.8
142.0
1,390.7
109.0
22.3
89.0
23.3
7.5
10.3
182.6
613.7
531.7
27.0
79.8
19.8
60.8
28.3
58.1
1,393.6
109.9
22.6
88.8
23.3
7.6
10.1
183.7
615.1
532.4
26.9
80.3
19.6
61.8
27.9
58.9
1,393.4
110.1
22.6
88.9
23.1
7.6
10.1
184.6
615.4
533.1
26.7
79.8
19.5
61.8
28.0
58.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
157.9
3.1
48.9
31.4
27.7
162.0
3.1
50.2
32.1
28.3
162.4
3.1
50.2
32.1
28.5
844.5
30.6
179.6
148.9
174.2
890.9
33.3
182.0
151.3
179.3
888.9
33.4
182.0
151.3
180.4
585.2
15.0
89.9
68.3
119.1
598.3
15.1
94.2
69.2
125.6
597.3
15.1
93.7
69.1
124.5
14.8
2.3
5.9
1.5
15.5
2.5
6.5
1.5
15.6
2.5
6.5
1.5
85.9
15.4
28.1
13.0
88.7
15.7
29.2
14.8
88.7
15.8
29.2
14.8
72.7
10.2
14.5
12.8
73.2
10.3
14.8
12.5
73.5
10.3
15.0
12.7
279.9
12.5
5.9
52.2
72.4
68.4
18.2
4.3
2.1
2.8
1.4
11.1
9.3
282.7
12.8
5.9
53.3
73.0
69.1
18.3
4.2
2.2
2.7
1.5
11.1
9.3
283.8
12.7
5.9
53.7
73.2
69.5
18.4
4.2
2.3
2.6
1.5
11.2
9.2
1,427.4
85.3
48.7
232.5
329.8
224.2
135.1
25.1
20.0
19.2
13.0
88.1
61.6
1,458.2
88.3
49.8
237.4
339.3
231.6
138.2
25.9
20.4
20.6
13.4
86.7
60.8
1,455.8
88.5
49.9
237.1
338.3
231.1
137.5
25.9
20.5
20.6
13.4
86.7
61.0
771.8
49.3
19.9
103.9
145.4
136.0
74.0
20.9
10.6
10.5
6.2
48.7
31.1
776.1
50.0
20.3
103.1
146.0
137.4
72.8
21.5
10.5
10.3
6.3
48.6
32.3
775.7
50.0
20.4
103.5
146.7
138.2
72.3
21.2
10.5
10.3
6.3
48.5
32.1
Oklahoma .
Enid
Lawton ...
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
68.5
1.0
1.8
28.0
20.2
70.2
1.0
1.8
28.7
20.7
70.5
1.1
1.8
28.9
20.8
373.6
6.6
8.2
147.0
112.6
389.9
6.6
8.7
150.0
115.2
389.1
6.6
8.7
149.8
115.5
278.8
4.3
11.9
103.7
42.9
279.4
4.2
12.1
104.2
43.2
280.5
4.2
12.2
105.2
43.4
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
92.9
7.0
3.1
65.2
6.6
95.3
7.1
3.1
66.3
6.4
95.8
7.2
3.1
66.9
6.4
393.6
35.9
17.7
247.5
31.6
407.1
37.4
18.6
255.0
33.2
408.0
37.2
18.7
255.5
32.9
252.7
26.2
10.4
116.4
36.6
259.3
25.8
11.0
119.9
37.5
257.0
25.7
10.9
118.7
37.4
311.3
13.4
1.9
5.4
25.3
4.5
8.9
155.0
54.0
61.6
9.0
13.9
1.4
2.1
2.2
4.9
313.7
13.1
2.1
5.5
24.8
4.6
9.3
155.3
53.4
61.7
9.1
14.4
1.4
2.2
2.3
5.0
314.8
13.1
2.0
5.5
25.0
4.6
9.3
155.9
53.4
62.0
9.2
14.6
1.4
2.3
2.3
5.1
1,682.2
80.1
15.1
35.4
91.1
26.2
52.2
789.4
285.7
369.0
38.6
79.3
13.6
13.7
14.6
36.9
1,740.1
82.4
15.5
36.6
99.0
26.4
54.6
814.5
291.2
375.0
40.2
81.7
13.7
14.2
14.7
37.4
1,735.8
81.4
15.5
36.2
98.7
26.8
54.2
814.6
290.3
373.8
39.9
81.2
13.6
14.2
14.6
37.6
739.9
31.2
8.0
15.5
72.5
13.9
19.1
303.7
125.7
126.2
19.7
35.7
5.4
25.7
7.2
16.7
751.7
31.2
8.0
16.0
67.3
13.9
19.3
302.4
124.5
127.0
19.6
35.4
5.4
28.2
7.4
16.4
749.4
31.7
8.1
16.1
67.4
13.9
19.5
303.3
125.8
126.7
19.6
35.9
5.3
26.9
7.3
16.5
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillo
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorai Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton .
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle ..
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA....
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Dec.
1996
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
450.4
503.0
456.1
509.3
457.1
510.3
1,693.3
215.0
276.3
457.0
1,731.7
221.4
284.2
466.1
1,740.1
222.3
286.4
468.7
0 )
0 )
(M
351.0
46.1
99.6
356.1
47.6
103.1
356.2
47.5
103.4
0 )
(M
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,577.6
219.0
196.4
319.6
555.3
617.9
2,593.1
217.8
196.5
317.1
554.6
624.9
2,598.3
218.0
197.1
316.8
555.5
625.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
8,408.8
54.9
93.7
545.5
152.7
73.5
95.2
67.3
154.3
1,704.5
239.5
692.9
86.7
1,839.4
95.6
57.7
86.6
111.8
130.8
98.2
42.2
642.7
42.6
50.6
75.0
34.1
94.1
58.8
8,607.5
55.6
96.9
557.0
155.8
74.9
98.8
69.1
157.5
1,770.3
242.8
718.4
89.2
1,894.7
98.8
61.0
87.0
115.6
138.1
101.3
42.1
663.3
43.2
50.5
76.5
35.0
96.9
59.1
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
985.1
135.0
661.4
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Nov.
1997
.2
.2
Dec.
1997P
.2
.2
1.8
4.5
(M
15.5
16.9
15.2
16.3
1.8
95.4
13.9
14.6
29.0
100.6
14.9
16.0
30.0
101.5
14.9
16.0
30.1
2.3
13.8
2.6
4.1
15.3
3.2
4.5
14.7
3.1
4.2
4.6
0 )
113.9
9.8
10.0
18.7
23.9
30.1
122.3
9.7
9.8
18.2
24.2
31.1
122.0
9.7
9.8
18.3
24.1
30.9
165.3
1.4
.6
1.2
.8
1.5
0 )
.8
2.4
12.0
(M
4.4
.8
68.6
(M
3.4
3.3
.1
1.1
12.5
.7
1.9
(M
(M
1.6
1.5
0 )
1.1
445.6
2.2
4.3
27.7
12.9
8.7
3.2
2.7
13.1
74.8
11.2
33.1
4.2
127.9
3.8
2.1
3.9
4.0
6.5
5.7
1.8
33.1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.2
4.3
2.2
466.0
2.2
4.7
27.4
13.7
8.5
3.5
3.0
13.4
83.7
11.6
35.7
4.6
138.4
4.3
2.1
3.9
4.1
7.0
6.3
1.9
34.8
2.1
2.2
2.7
2.1
4.5
2.2
465.7
2.2
4.8
27.2
14.1
8.6
3.6
2.9
13.4
83.4
11.8
35.4
4.6
138.9
4.2
2.1
3.8
4.2
7.1
6.3
1.9
35.0
2.1
2.1
2.7
2.1
4.5
2.2
8.4
60.3
8.8
39.9
67.7
9.5
44.9
65.2
9.0
43.8
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
4.3
O
C)
0 )
.5
Dec.
1997P
13.5
14.7
2.4
2.3
Nov.
1997
.2
.2
1.8
C)
(M
(M
Dec.
1996
.2
.5
C)
(M
(M
(M
8,638.2
55.7
97.0
556.5
156.8
75.0
99.3
69.1
158.6
1,777.6
243.7
721.7
89.5
1,906.8
99.1
61.6
86.9
115.9
139.8
101.4
42.0
666.0
43.4
50.5
77.0
34.7
96.8
59.0
158.9
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.4
(M
.7
2.3
11.4
(M
4.5
.8
66.3
(M
3.3
3.2
.1
1.0
11.8
.7
1.9
164.9
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.5
0 )
.8
2.5
12.0
0 )
4.4
.8
67.9
(M
3.4
3.3
.1
1.1
12.6
.7
1.9
1.1
1.1
1,021.4
140.4
688.4
1,025.7
140.4
691.1
8.1
8.4
3.0
2.9
2.9
281.2
30.9
99.2
282.3
29.3
101.7
285.1
29.3
101.8
.6
.6
.6
(M
(M
12.8
1.6
4.7
13.3
1.3
5.1
12.5
1.2
5.1
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,202.6
36.9
80.5
45.7
99.1
661.8
983.3
513.8
142.8
3,280.4
37.6
82.7
46.0
101.0
663.8
1,024.7
527.5
144.6
3,290.0
37.0
82.8
46.0
100.6
663.0
1,031.7
530.6
144.9
10.6
10.7
(M
(M
(M
10.7
C)
(M
(M
^^
(M
^^
(M
178.9
1.6
4.2
2.3
5.9
41.0
53.9
31.8
8.0
189.5
1.4
4.5
2.5
6.1
42.1
59.7
33.7
9.0
188.4
1.4
4.5
2.4
6.1
41.8
59.4
33.7
9.0
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,462.2
1,267.2
181.7
228.6
2,559.6
1,334.1
190.5
232.1
2,550.5
1,339.7
190.0
232.9
127.0
62.5
9.6
12.0
138.4
67.7
11.3
12.6
133.0
66.6
10.3
12.2
(M
1.5
1.5
(M
1.6
1.5
(M
(M
0 )
{')
0 )
(M
.7
.7
.6
.8
(M
(M
(M
3.4
.7
(M
r )
3.4
.8
3.5
.7
(M
.2
.7
.7
0 )
.2
.2
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
82.4
104.6
81.6
104.4
81.6
103.9
15.3
17.6
15.4
17.9
15.4
18.0
101.9
118.3
102.7
117.2
103.5
119.1
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
361.1
20.7
25.1
124.1
359.3
20.7
25.2
123.8
359.8
20.9
25.4
124.3
74.4
11.0
12.7
19.8
76.2
11.3
12.1
20.4
76.9
11.3
12.1
20.5
405.3
54.7
65.4
116.8
416.8
55.8
67.5
119.4
421.6
56.6
68.8
121.1
48.4
4.2
13.4
49.2
4.8
14.2
49.4
4.8
14.1
16.7
2.0
6.4
16.1
2.0
6.3
16.0
2.0
6.2
88.3
14.1
26.0
88.4
14.4
25.9
88.2
14.1
26.1
521.2
43.9
53.4
48.5
62.6
95.7
516.1
43.5
51.8
48.0
63.1
95.0
515.9
43.6
52.1
48.1
62.5
95.2
144.1
8.3
8.0
14.4
61.8
31.7
142.0
8.5
7.6
13.7
60.3
31.6
142.1
8.5
7.6
13.7
60.5
32.0
621.6
52.8
44.7
83.2
145.6
152.3
619.1
52.4
44.3
83.5
147.7
154.2
624.8
52.6
44.3
83.7
148.6
155.0
1,063.3
3.2
9.2
72.8
24.3
16.8
12.6
3.6
13.6
238.9
44.6
108.0
8.0
200.1
9.8
1.4
18.8
7.5
13.2
7.0
5.4
49.4
10.5
6.0
11.2
3.1
16.5
8.2
1,079.6
3.3
9.7
73.7
24.8
16.6
12.3
3.7
13.7
243.2
43.3
109.9
8.2
205.7
9.0
1.6
18.5
7.8
13.2
7.1
5.3
50.2
10.3
6.0
11.0
3.3
16.4
8.1
1,083.1
3.3
9.7
74.1
24.7
16.6
12.4
3.7
13.9
243.4
43.4
109.6
8.2
207.3
9.1
1.6
18.4
7.8
13.4
7.2
5.2
50.4
10.3
6.0
11.0
3.1
16.5
8.2
497.2
2.7
5.7
17.9
8.0
2.8
4.2
1.3
6.4
115.7
13.1
62.8
4.0
127.1
3.5
8.9
3.9
6.0
4.5
3.9
2.2
31.1
1.5
2.2
3.5
1.5
3.6
2.8
506.8
2.5
5.3
18.1
7.9
2.9
4.2
1.4
6.3
124.2
12.9
66.2
4.4
130.1
3.5
10.0
3.8
5.7
4.7
4.0
2.1
32.0
1.5
2.1
3.7
1.4
3.8
2.9
511.2
2.5
5.3
18.3
7.9
3.0
4.2
1.4
6.4
124.9
13.0
66.9
4.4
130.2
3.6
10.1
3.8
5.8
4.7
4.0
2.1
32.3
1.5
2.1
3.8
1.5
3.8
2.9
2,056.1
14.7
26.9
119.3
36.5
14.4
23.8
14.8
36.0
432.4
57.6
178.7
18.5
437.1
23.0
15.8
22.2
32.5
36.6
26.7
10.2
160.7
9.7
13.3
19.4
9.5
22.0
13.8
2,081.0
14.7
27.9
121.5
36.6
14.9
24.8
15.2
36.3
444.3
57.7
186.5
19.1
441.3
23.6
16.7
22.1
33.9
39.0
26.6
9.7
164.8
9.4
13.5
19.6
9.6
22.4
13.8
2,103.2
14.8
28.1
122.7
37.2
14.9
25.1
15.4
36.9
448.8
58.4
189.3
19.2
448.1
23.7
17.0
22.3
34.2
39.8
26.8
9.7
167.0
9.5
13.6
19.8
9.7
22.6
13.9
131.7
19.5
81.8
134.0
20.1
83.4
134.4
20.2
83.5
55.7
2.3
43.2
57.5
2.3
44.3
58.3
2.3
45.4
243.0
30.4
167.6
247.7
31.9
171.1
251.2
32.1
174.0
46.3
3.6
17.9
47.3
3.4
18.7
47.4
3.3
18.8
12.3
1.1
4.4
12.1
1.0
4.4
12.1
1.0
4.2
65.6
6.8
22.5
66.3
6.6
21.6
67.1
6.8
21.9
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville ...
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
400.1
10.0
8.1
16.0
25.5
67.8
41.5
60.2
19.3
397.6
10.1
8.3
15.4
25.0
66.5
42.5
60.1
19.3
398.6
9.9
8.3
15.3
24.9
66.8
42.5
60.6
19.2
166.0
1.2
2.4
1.1
3.7
32.4
59.3
27.2
8.5
170.8
1.1
2.3
1.0
3.7
33.2
61.0
27.8
8.7
171.5
1.1
2.3
1.0
3.7
33.2
61.4
27.9
8.7
746.0
9.9
16.8
10.0
22.9
162.1
223.8
125.3
39.3
756.8
10.1
16.9
10.0
22.7
161.6
225.2
127.8
39.2
765.6
10.0
17.1
10.1
22.7
161.2
229.8
130.5
39.4
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett....
Spokane
Tacoma
354.4
206.5
22.0
26.5
377.1
226.5
22.1
27.4
374.7
228.3
21.8
27.4
125.4
75.8
8.3
10.0
127.1
78.5
8.5
10.5
127.4
79.4
8.4
10.5
610.1
308.4
46.1
57.2
624.0
318.2
50.2
58.6
627.7
323.0
50.9
59.3
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur....
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christ!
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
25.5
27.7
26.0
28.5
26.2
28.5
148.1
154.8
150.6
157.8
150.0
157.3
63.5
65.1
64.1
66.4
65.0
67.0
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
72.8
8.4
19.8
15.5
74.6
8.7
20.1
15.5
75.2
8.7
20.2
15.6
374.8
56.5
67.4
96.3
391.1
59.1
71.5
100.6
391.2
58.9
71.7
100.6
307.7
49.8
71.3
55.5
311.3
50.9
71.8
56.4
312.1
51.0
72.2
56.5
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
20.1
1.7
10.9
21.6
1.8
12.3
21.7
1.7
12.4
89.9
14.0
29.1
91.1
13.6
30.1
92.1
13.8
30.4
71.5
7.5
9.7
72.0
7.8
9.8
71.8
8.0
10.0
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
119.0
14.3
5.7
13.5
28.6
37.3
119.3
14.6
5.7
13.4
28.7
38.2
119.5
14.7
5.7
13.4
28.7
38.3
663.0
54.1
45.5
84.4
153.8
191.9
674.6
54.1
47.2
84.1
153.7
194.5
673.7
53.8
47.4
83.2
154.2
194.1
390.3
35.8
29.1
56.4
79.0
78.9
395.4
35.0
30.1
56.0
76.9
80.3
395.7
35.1
30.2
55.9
76.9
80.3
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
449.1
2.0
4.7
28.9
4.8
1.8
3.6
2.4
6.3
131.9
8.8
31.2
5.4
96.2
4.0
2.1
3.0
5.4
4.6
3.4
1.6
42.4
2.1
1.7
3.8
1.7
5.7
2.2
458.2
2.2
4.8
29.7
5.0
1.8
3.7
2.4
6.4
134.4
8.8
32.5
5.4
98.6
4.1
2.2
3.1
5.5
4.9
3.5
1.6
44.7
2.1
1.8
4.0
1.7
5.7
2.2
459.3
2.2
4.8
29.7
5.0
1.8
3.8
2.4
6.4
134.8
8.9
32.5
5.5
99.2
4.1
2.3
3.1
5.5
5.0
3.5
1.6
44.7
2.1
1.8
4.0
1.4
5.7
2.2
2,255.2
18.7
25.2
152.4
39.4
13.5
25.6
13.8
45.5
504.4
52.6
182.0
17.4
537.7
24.8
9.9
20.0
31.2
28.3
22.4
11.6
191.1
11.4
13.4
21.6
8.4
27.0
15.8
2,350.4
19.2
26.4
157.3
40.0
14.1
26.6
14.2
47.5
531.5
55.2
189.5
18.0
559.4
27.0
10.6
20.6
32.8
30.1
23.7
12.0
201.6
12.0
13.6
22.4
9.1
28.8
16.0
2,351.3
19.1
26.3
157.2
40.0
14.0
26.7
14.3
47.8
532.7
55.1
189.5
18.2
560.6
27.2
10.7
20.5
32.8
30.6
23.8
12.1
201.6
12.1
13.7
22.5
9.1
28.4
16.0
1,483.4
10.0
17.1
125.3
26.1
14.1
22.2
28.0
31.1
195.0
51.6
92.6
28.4
247.0
26.7
14.2
11.6
25.1
36.1
17.3
8.7
133.0
5.6
11.8
11.2
6.2
15.0
12.7
1,500.6
10.1
17.5
128.1
27.1
14.6
23.7
28.4
31.4
197.0
53.3
93.7
28.7
253.3
27.3
14.4
11.7
25.7
38.1
17.5
8.8
133.3
5.8
11.3
11.5
6.3
15.3
12.8
1,499.1
10.2
17.4
126.1
27.1
14.6
23.5
28.2
31.4
197.6
53.1
94.1
28.6
253.9
27.2
14.4
11.7
25.5
38.1
17.3
8.7
133.1
5.8
11.2
11.6
6.3
15.3
12.5
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
51.8
3.8
42.3
52.7
4.0
44.0
53.4
4.1
44.3
265.1
52.1
177.0
277.8
53.3
186.3
280.5
53.4
186.8
169.4
18.1
106.6
175.6
19.3
111.5
174.3
19.3
110.4
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.2
2.5
4.8
12.2
2.3
5.0
12.2
2.3
5.0
83.2
8.1
28.4
82.5
7.7
30.1
85.0
7.9
30.2
48.2
7.2
16.5
48.0
7.0
16.8
48.2
6.8
16.6
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
163.8
1.1
3.9
1.4
4.2
30.1
53.0
43.1
9.0
167.1
1.2
4.0
1.4
4.5
31.3
52.8
43.8
8.7
168.5
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.5
31.6
53.4
44.2
8.7
927.5
7.5
19.2
8.9
24.1
189.1
372.7
126.6
41.3
968.0
8.0
20.0
9.7
25.4
190.6
401.3
131.9
42.0
972.0
7.8
19.9
9.8
25.2
190.0
405.6
132.3
42.4
609.7
5.6
25.9
6.0
12.8
139.3
178.5
98.8
17.4
619.9
5.7
26.7
6.0
13.6
138.5
181.5
101.7
17.7
614.7
5.6
26.6
6.0
13.5
138.4
178.9
100.7
17.5
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
125.0
76.4
10.7
11.2
127.3
79.1
10.8
11.3
128.1
80.1
10.8
11.3
658.7
359.6
54.2
63.3
691.8
376.3
56.2
63.5
693.0
378.0
56.5
64.1
458.2
177.3
30.8
48.2
470.4
187.1
31.4
48.0
463.2
183.5
31.3
47.9
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
707.5
130.7
121.1
69.8
66.2
720.6
131.0
122.9
70.3
66.0
717.6
130.1
123.3
70.1
65.8
24.8
2.0
1.6
.4
1.6
23.9
2.0
1.4
.4
1.7
23.9
2.0
1.3
.4
1.7
34.6
6.9
5.6
4.5
2.3
36.9
6.9
5.7
4.4
2.7
34.7
6.7
5.5
4.4
2.5
2,643.8
191.7
70.4
133.0
66.9
49.3
69.2
268.3
827.9
80.2
58.7
62.6
2,702.3
195.0
73.0
134.8
67.4
50.2
70.8
275.9
843.8
83.7
59.8
64.6
2.699.2
194.5
72.7
134.9
67.2
50.4
70.4
274.6
846.8
83.6
60.0
64.9
2.3
2.7
2.3
106.8
11.0
2.6
6.6
2.6
2.2
2.4
12.1
29.3
3.0
2.4
2.8
115.9
12.2
3.0
7.4
2.6
2.2
2.9
13.7
31.3
3.4
2.6
2.8
109.0
11.6
2.8
7.0
2.5
2.2
2.6
13.1
30.5
3.2
2.6
2.7
Wyoming ,
Casper..
219.7
30.2
221.2
30.9
220.1
30.8
15.9
1.9
16.5
2.0
16.3
2.0
13.9
1.6
15.2
1.8
13.5
1.7
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon ....
986.6
65.3
70.9
76.1
620.7
955.2
68.0
68.2
73.3
598.1
962.0
69.0
68.8
73.7
603.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
56.6
3.6
3.6
4.8
39.4
56.4
4.3
4.1
4.3
37.6
55.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
36.3
41.9
41.7
42.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha .
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Virgin Islands .
See footnotes at end of table.
ii
)
))
)
))
))
0 )
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Dec.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyonfiing
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
81.4
9.9
17.3
13.4
6.1
83.6
10.1
17.1
12.6
6.3
83.8
10.0
17.2
12.8
6.2
39.1
9.2
6.8
2.9
3.1
38.5
8.9
6.9
2.7
3.0
38.6
8.9
6.9
2.7
3.0
164.9
32.8
32.4
17.9
17.1
167.2
31.8
32.1
17.6
16.6
167.8
32.2
32.5
17.7
16.7
596.4
58.5
11.2
27.7
21.2
11.1
11.4
28.0
175.3
25.0
23.4
17.2
606.6
57.8
12.3
28.3
21.6
11.8
11.8
28.3
177.0
25.4
24.1
18.2
607.3
57.9
12.4
28.3
21.7
11.9
11.9
28.3
177.5
25.5
24.1
18.2
123.2
7.3
3.5
9.3
2.5
1.7
3.0
9.0
40.0
3.1
1.7
3.4
123.6
7.6
3.5
9.7
2.5
1.6
3.0
9.2
38.7
3.3
1.6
3.5
123.3
7.5
3.5
9.7
2.6
1.6
3.0
9.1
39.1
3.2
1.6
3.5
614.3
41.5
19.5
31.6
15.3
13.1
20.4
60.0
181.4
16.7
11.1
15.5
619.3
42.6
19.4
32.3
14.8
12.9
20.4
60.0
181.1
17.0
11.0
16.0
621.3
42.3
19.3
32.5
14.8
12.9
20.5
59.9
182.8
17.1
11.1
16.2
10.9
1.5
10.9
1.4
10.8
1.4
13.7
1.7
14.0
1.6
14.0
1.6
51.9
8.7
52.0
8.8
52.3
8.8
154.3
15.8
20.2
10.7
71.2
148.2
16.2
18.0
10.3
67.5
147.4
16.2
17.9
10.2
67.7
24.8
.8
.7
2.6
18.5
22.8
.7
.7
2.6
17.9
22.8
.7
.7
2.6
18.4
206.5
15.0
11.9
13.8
136.8
197.6
14.6
11.4
12.8
131.0
203.2
15.2
12.0
13.2
134.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
9.6
9.7
9.8
(In thousands)
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
State and area
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
^ Combined with construction.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
27.4
7.1
3.7
2.5
2.7
27.6
7.2
3.8
2.6
2.7
27.7
7.2
3.8
2.6
2.7
194.3
39.2
32.2
17.7
22.6
199.7
39.9
34.1
19.4
22.6
198.7
39.7
34.4
19.1
22.5
141.0
23.6
21.5
10.5
10.7
143.2
24.2
21.8
10.6
10.4
142.4
23.4
21.7
10.4
10.5
139.7
9.3
2.5
9.9
1.8
1.6
2.8
20.1
57.5
2.4
2.3
4.7
143.4
9.7
2.5
9.3
1.7
1.5
2.9
20.1
59.1
2.5
2.5
4.9
144.4
9.7
2.5
9.6
1.7
1.5
3.0
20.3
59.3
2.5
2.5
4.9
668.5
41.3
18.8
32.3
14.9
12.3
19.1
66.1
253.2
20.6
11.5
11.8
691.5
42.0
19.8
32.3
15.0
12.2
19.5
69.5
265.1
22.5
11.5
12.0
694.0
42.3
19.9
32.6
14.8
12.5
19.5
69.8
265.7
22.4
11.6
12.2
392.7
22.7
12.2
15.6
8.8
7.4
10.1
73.0
91.3
9.4
6.4
7.2
399.2
23.1
12.5
15.3
9.1
8.0
10.2
75.1
91.4
9.6
6.5
7.3
397.6
23.2
12.3
15.1
9.2
7.9
10.1
74.1
92.0
9.6
6.5
7.3
7.9
1.2
7.9
1.2
8.0
1.2
45.4
8.2
45.2
8.7
45.9
8.6
60.1
5.4
59.5
5.4
59.3
5.5
44.3
1.7
2.1
2.4
34.7
44.8
1.9
2.0
2.3
35.2
45.3
2.0
2.0
2.3
35.6
185.7
11.3
10.9
15.2
129.1
179.9
11.0
11.5
14.7
123.5
180.0
11.2
11.3
14.8
123.7
313.4
17.1
21.5
26.6
190.5
304.5
19.3
20.5
26.3
184.9
307.0
19.4
20.6
26.3
186.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
9.8
9.9
10.5
13.8
13.5
13.5
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
34.9
33.9
34.8
34.7
34.2
-
-
-
-
-
41.8
40.4
41.4
42.0
40.8
-
-
-
-
-
46.0
44.2
45.7
45.1
44.9
-
-
-
-
-
10
101
102
44.4
45.4
45.4
45.1
47.6
45.7
44.4
46.2
45.4
44.5
45.4
46.2
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
46.2
46.2
46.6
46.7
45.2
45.3
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field sen/ices
13
131
138
45.9
43.6
47.2
43.8
44.4
43.6
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
14
142
46.7
48.7
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Construction
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
44.5
44.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
45.6
43.0
46.9
44.8
41.4
46.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
42.3
41.4
46.8
48.5
46.7
48.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
38.6
36.4
37.8
38.4
37.3
-
-
-
-
-
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
38.1
36.2
38.5
39.8
36.2
35.0
36.8
37.3
37.6
36.5
37.3
38.7
38.2
36.8
38.1
39.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
41.4
40.9
41.7
38.3
35.7
39.1
39.3
37.4
40.2
40.8
38.6
41.6
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
38.1
39.5
36.9
40.6
35.6
35.7
33.6
36.1
38.5
34.6
39.1
32.9
33.7
29.7
37.5
39.2
36.5
39.6
34.9
35.8
32.7
38.0
39.6
36.8
40.4
35.2
36.0
33.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
42.8
43.6
41.2
39.8
42.6
42.7
42.3
41.8
41.0
40.6
44.3
46.0
39.5
38.3
38.4
41.6
41.5
42.3
39.6
39.3
41.2
41.3
40.9
40.0
39.3
38.7
43.1
44.0
38.1
35.7
35.5
40.0
42.6
43.3
41.4
40.3
42.3
42.6
41.2
42.2
41.9
41.8
42.3
44.9
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.2
40.7
42.3
42.5
41.7
41.7
41.0
41.4
43.1
44.7
40.1
38.5
38.4
40.8
41.8
42.5
40.1
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
41.6
40.3
40.7
39.9
41.2
40.1
44.4
41.4
43.4
43.1
39.3
38.3
38.3
37.8
41.3
38.5
41.3
39.6
41.7
38.8
41.2
40.1
40.4
39.7
41.8
38.7
44.0
40.8
42.8
42.8
42.1
41.1
41.2
41.7
41.0
39.1
45.4
41.3
43.2
43.4
40.9
Manufacturing
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
5.1
5.5
4.4
5.0
5.4
5.7
4.1
4.6
3.4
5.1
5.9
6.2
3.5
2.6
2.5
3.8
4.5
4.8
3.6
4.8
4.7
5.1
3.5
3.4
2.4
3.2
5.6
5.6
2.9
1.6
1.4
3.1
5.2
5.5
4.5
5.1
5.1
5.5
3.7
4.9
4.3
5.3
4.7
6.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
3.8
5.4
5.8
4.4
5.3
5.1
5.5
3.7
4.6
3.6
5.5
5.4
5.9
4.1
2.6
2.6
3.4
4.7
5.0
3.9
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.8
3.6
5.0
5.3
4.5
4.7
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.0
4.6
3.3
3.5
4.2
3.7
2.8
3.9
3.2
3.1
3.0
5.0
3.2
5.5
3.9
4.7
5.2
4.4
3.8
3.2
4.3
5.8
3.4
6.0
3.9
4.8
5.6
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$12.06
$12.11
$12.51
$12.51
$12.58
$420.89
$410.53
$435.35
$434.10
$430.24
13.73
13.68
14.11
14.20
14.11
573.91
552.67
584.15
596.40
575.69
15.95
16.18
16.38
16.47
16.70
733.70
715.16
748.57
742.80
749.83
789.88
843.99
730.49
790.15
872.51
733.94
811.19
911.99
749.55
801.00
862.60
756.76
884.27
901.36
896.58
913.45
865.13
879.73
871.31
884.22
701.81
911.24
590.47
681.53
907.98
562.00
726.41
940.41
624.71
715.90
906.66
626.36
_
645.86
643.81
583.32
538.20
672.05
663.97
671.55
667.28
_
604.48
572.57
614.25
627.46
569.98
497.75
545.93
637.99
542.64
483.00
533.23
600.16
583.18
525.60
567.33
640.49
596.68
536.18
585.22
658.62
611.06
592.64
619.66
574.88
531.22
588.46
618.58
587.93
632.75
637.70
589.81
654.78
614.17
651.75
527.30
709.69
567.82
558.35
464.35
583.02
631.40
495.13
679.95
527.39
525.72
413.13
622.88
658.56
543.12
712.40
574.11
584.61
475.46
636.50
675.58
546.85
735.68
580.80
603.00
485.85
559.40
594.70
437.13
474.81
460.08
478.24
391.28
446.01
436.65
421.02
414.65
598.92
326.67
410.96
419.71
423.49
541.16
576.13
418.97
465.71
443.72
461.73
376.28
427.60
421.30
399.38
404.71
574.64
311.66
373.78
376.30
407.20
569.56
604.90
451.26
499.72
462.34
484.36
379.04
466.31
467.60
451.44
407.35
594.48
339.04
440.35
447.88
418.82
580.99
617.67
450.32
498.58
463.61
483.65
388.64
460.79
453.05
452.09
423.67
588.70
344.06
436.98
445.06
421.46
560.96
593.30
435.09
433.89
397.36
379.32
429.32
374.10
424.66
506.16
474.03
480.00
451.69
407.93
377.26
360.02
399.55
389.87
406.56
470.41
441.54
461.62
402.36
440.84
405.01
387.84
427.17
410.48
414.09
517.88
474.50
486.64
460.10
454.26
419.22
397.58
458.70
398.93
416.02
536.17
485.28
497.66
467.85
440.49
_
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
17.79
18.59
16.09
17.52
18.33
16.06
18.27
19.74
16.51
18.00
19.00
16.38
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
19.14
19.51
19.24
19.56
19.14
19.42
19.58
19.87
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
15.29
20.90
12.51
15.56
20.45
12.89
15.93
21.87
13.32
15.98
21.90
13.47
_
14
142
13.83
13.22
13.79
13.00
14.36
13.69
14.38
13.73
_
15.66
15.73
16.25
16.34
15
152
153
154
14.96
13.75
14.18
16.03
14.99
13.80
14.49
16.09
15.51
14.40
15.21
16.55
15.62
14.57
15.36
16.59
_
16
161
162
14.76
14.49
14.86
15.01
14.88
15.05
15.74
15.72
15.74
15.63
15.28
15.74
_
_
_
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
16.24
-
-
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
16.12
16.50
14.29
17.48
15.95
15.64
13.82
16.15
16.40
14.31
17.39
16.03
15.60
13.91
16.61
16.80
14.88
17.99
16.45
16.33
14.54
16.75
17.06
14.86
18.21
16.50
16.75
14.59
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
13.07
13.64
10.61
11.93
10.80
11.20
9.25
10.67
10.65
10.37
9.36
13.02
8.27
10.73
10.93
10.18
13.04
13.62
10.58
11.85
10.77
11.18
9.20
10.69
10.72
10.32
9.39
13.06
8.18
10.47
10.60
10.18
13.37
13.97
10.90
12.40
10.93
11.37
9.20
11.05
11.16
10.80
9.63
13.24
8.54
11.12
11.31
10.24
13.48
14.07
10.93
12.25
10.96
11.38
9.32
11.05
11.05
10.92
9.83
13.17
8.58
11.35
11.59
10.33
13.42
13.96
10.85
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
10.43
9.86
9.32
10.76
9.08
10.59
11.40
11.45
11.06
10.48
10.38
9.85
9.40
10.57
9.44
10.56
11.39
11.15
11.07
10.37
10.70
10.10
9.60
10.76
9.82
10.70
11.77
11.63
11.37
10.75
10.79
10.20
9.65
11.00
9.73
10.64
11.81
11.75
11.52
10.78
10.77
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
605.75
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
—
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
43.1
47.0
42.8
44.3
41.8
42.5
45.1
42.4
41.5
43.2
44.6
43.4
41.9
44.0
43.8
48.0
40.9
43.8
42.4
43.8
41.4
41.2
46.3
41.5
40.6
38.9
43.2
40.5
35.5
42.7
43.3
47.1
43.1
45.9
43.0
44.9
41.9
42.8
46.1
42.5
42.1
43.1
45.0
43.1
41.8
43.5
43.9
47.6
43.5
45.9
43.3
45.9
41.8
43.4
45.4
42.8
42.0
43.7
44.4
44.1
42.4
43.9
44.2
48.1
42.2
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
45.3
45.1
45.5
45.5
46.6
47.3
44.9
43.9
43.7
43.0
45.6
45.7
46.7
45.1
44.2
44.1
44.5
44.7
45.2
43.8
45.6
46.4
44.8
43.1
43.5
43.0
44.7
43.4
46.5
44.5
43.1
42.2
45.5
45.5
45.9
45.2
46.5
47.4
54.6
44.2
45.1
44.6
46.0
44.8
47.3
46.2
43.9
44.0
46.1
46.1
46.2
46.8
47.5
48.2
53.6
45.5
45.2
45.4
46.2
44.9
47.5
46.6
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.8
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
43.6
44.1
44.6
44.0
43.3
43.8
44.9
46.6
43.0
42.9
44.2
40.8
44.8
42.3
41.5
44.7
43.4
46.2
44.8
45.1
45.7
43.0
43.0
42.7
43.5
41.7
42.8
43.1
44.0
41.3
42.1
42.0
42.3
42.5
42.4
42.5
41.5
42.4
40.4
41.0
42.0
38.2
42.9
40.8
40.3
43.7
42.7
44.8
43.9
45.1
44.8
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.8
40.0
41.3
42.2
42.5
41.0
43.3
43.4
43.7
44.1
44.2
44.1
41.9
41.6
42.7
42.8
43.5
41.8
44.3
41.5
42.3
44.6
43.3
46.1
44.6
46.4
45.5
42.6
41.8
41.3
42.7
41.0
41.5
43.4
43.3
41.0
44.0
44.0
44.8
44.6
44.7
44.7
42.8
43.3
42.9
43.4
44.4
41.7
44.9
42.5
42.7
45.7
43.9
47.9
45.3
47.1
46.2
42.8
42.6
41.9
43.8
40.9
42.3
44.1
43.6
41.7
42.6
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
—
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
5.6
7.8
4.9
6.3
3.9
4.5
5.2
4.9
4.4
6.5
7.2
5.7
6.5
5.7
4.4
5.8
4.6
6.5
4.6
5.9
3.7
3.8
6.8
4.5
4.4
4.4
5.3
4.5
3.4
5.2
4.1
7.0
5.8
7.2
5.0
6.4
4.1
5.5
6.1
4.8
5.7
6.3
7.6
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.2
8.4
5.8
7.1
4.8
6.4
3.8
5.5
5.7
4.8
5.2
6.4
7.1
6.3
5.9
5.8
4.4
8.7
6.6
6.2
6.3
7.5
6.9
7.8
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.7
7.7
8.7
7.0
7.3
5.7
5.9
6.3
6.1
6.4
5.9
6.4
7.3
6.4
4.4
5.8
5.8
7.4
7.9
7.8
6.8
5.2
4.7
7.0
6.6
6.8
7.1
7.6
8.6
10.7
5.6
6.7
6.6
8.2
7.9
10.8
7.9
5.6
5.6
7.3
6.8
6.8
7.8
8.1
9.1
9.8
6.6
6.3
6.2
8.3
8.0
10.6
8.3
6.1
5.6
5.5
5.9
5.8
5.0
4.7
5.1
5.3
4.9
5.7
5.1
6.3
3.8
6.3
4.3
4.1
6.3
5.2
7.6
6.5
6.8
7.3
4.9
5.5
5.2
6.0
3.7
3.8
5.0
5.1
4.1
4.7
5.7
5.8
4.5
4.2
4.6
4.0
4.2
3.4
4.1
5.3
2.7
5.1
3.7
3.2
5.7
5.0
6.5
5.9
6.0
6.5
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
3.0
2.7
4.5
5.0
3.7
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.2
5.4
4.8
4.4
5.1
5.2
6.5
3.9
6.0
4.4
4.5
6.4
5.8
7.2
6.7
7.7
7.4
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.6
3.7
3.8
5.1
5.1
3.5
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.3
6.0
5.2
5.6
5.2
5.4
7.0
3.7
6.1
4.7
4.5
7.1
6.2
8.1
6.9
7.8
7.6
5.2
5.6
5.3
6.1
3.8
4.0
5.3
4.5
3.7
Jan.
1998P
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly eamings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$557.28
853.99
627.88
683.55
590.22
501.50
773.01
488.45
467.71
528.77
522.71
475.23
543.44
590.92
505.45
739.68
$531.29
791.03
618.62
671.02
582.50
496.46
812.10
473.52
461.22
474.19
514.08
440.64
461.50
574.32
504.88
752.19
$575.82
867.51
651.02
710.32
615.93
517.45
844.55
488.33
490.89
549.53
557.55
490.91
564.72
599.00
536.46
756.84
$582.47
879.90
659.46
726.60
619.48
522.54
809.03
498.19
492.24
559.36
549.23
507.15
576.22
604.50
540.12
751.80
$563.79
686.30
808.19
886.34
648.83
638.42
686.32
738.61
557.09
722.36
721.54
659.38
656.25
776.15
662.07
533.05
504.06
672.84
791.64
868.74
611.01
627.91
677.90
758.46
537.03
715.58
710.36
648.15
624.09
769.11
649.26
523.23
483.19
700.25
830.38
915.71
640.03
656.12
716.21
826.10
568.41
761.74
759.09
670.68
662.14
799.37
675.44
527.68
507.32
710.40
834.41
912.45
660.35
674.98
735.53
855.46
583.77
768.85
768.17
680.99
677.54
794.20
693.87
545.22
525.67
701.24
842.26
557.64
712.22
763.55
555.28
510.51
550.13
519.49
525.65
504.39
516.52
530.84
417.79
596.74
518.18
483.89
569.93
524.71
621.85
678.27
639.52
800.21
519.44
461.82
454.33
473.72
611.74
671.10
526.68
546.48
449.76
536.78
678.72
727.98
537.63
505.41
538.48
472.27
468.10
465.41
492.00
506.10
391.93
567.14
497.35
463.05
561.11
517.10
611.07
662.01
624.64
782.66
506.20
443.46
435.11
455.20
591.60
647.58
511.04
524.88
440.34
561.60
705.68
754.26
544.19
534.38
552.57
500.29
487.14
504.71
527.30
543.75
437.65
605.14
521.24
494.49
582.03
539.52
631.57
687.29
673.73
813.54
528.67
453.11
443.15
470.55
635.09
684.75
535.99
542.12
447.72
575.96
726.00
782.66
557.50
544.00
570.37
515.31
504.88
509.22
538.16
560.77
440.77
611.09
537.63
500.87
599.58
546.99
662.46
705.77
690.96
836.22
535.00
468.17
455.45
490.56
628.63
671.30
549.05
547.18
457.45
554.65
Durable goods^ontlnued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
$12.93
18.17
14.67
15.43
14.12
11.80
17.14
11.52
11.27
12.24
11.72
10.95
12.97
13.43
11.54
15.41
$12.99
18.06
14.59
15.32
14.07
12.05
17.54
11.41
11.36
12.19
11.90
10.88
13.00
13.45
11.66
15.97
$13.36
18.90
15.14
15.82
14.70
12.09
18.32
11.49
11.66
12.75
12.39
11.39
13.51
13.77
12.22
15.90
$13.39
19.17
15.23
15.83
14.82
12.04
17.82
11.64
11.72
12.80
12.37
11.50
13.59
13.77
12.22
15.63
$13.36
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
15.15
17.92
19.48
14.26
13.70
14.51
16.45
12.69
16.53
16.78
14.46
14.36
16.62
14.68
12.06
11.43
15.12
17.71
19.22
13.95
13.77
14.61
16.93
12.46
16.45
16.52
14.50
14.38
16.54
14.59
12.14
11.45
15.39
18.25
19.95
14.16
14.11
15.11
15.13
12.86
16.89
17.02
14.58
14.78
16.90
14.62
12.02
11.53
15.41
18.10
19.75
14.11
14.21
15.26
15.96
12.83
17.01
16.92
14.74
15.09
16.72
14.89
12.17
11.76
15.48
18.39
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
12.79
16.15
17.12
12.62
11.79
12.56
11.57
11.28
11.73
12.04
12.01
10.24
13.32
12.25
11.66
12.75
12.09
13.46
15.14
14.18
17.51
12.08
10.74
10.64
10.89
14.67
15.68
12.22
12.42
10.89
12.75
16.16
17.21
12.65
11.92
12.67
11.38
11.04
11.52
12.00
12.05
10.26
13.22
12.19
11.49
12.84
12.11
13.64
15.08
13.85
17.47
12.11
10.66
10.51
10.89
14.79
15.68
12.11
12.35
10.74
12.97
16.26
17.26
12.34
12.09
12.53
11.94
11.71
11.82
12.32
12.50
.10.47
13.66
12.56
11.69
13.05
12.46
13.70
15.41
14.52
17.88
12.41
10.84
10.73
11.02
15.49
16.50
12.35
12.52
10.92
13.09
16.50
17.47
12.50
12.17
12.76
12.04
11.66
11.87
12.40
12.63
10.57
13.61
12.65
11.73
13.12
12.46
13.83
15.58
14.67
18.10
12.50
10.99
10.87
11.20
15.37
15.87
12.45
12.55
10.97
13.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
44.4
45.7
44.7
46.0
43.5
44.0
45.6
44.5
44.6
51.1
44.4
43.0
45.2
45.0
47.0
45.3
44.2
42.7
44.0
42.8
43.2
44.2
44.7
44.6
44.8
44.0
44.9
46.1
42.9
43.2
43.4
43.3
44.7
42.7
45.4
43.2
42.8
44.1
43.9
43.9
47.9
42.3
41.0
44.4
44.4
46.6
44.6
43.6
42.9
42.8
42.2
40.3
43.3
43.2
43.5
45.4
42.7
42.8
43.6
42.1
41.8
41.3
44.0
45.4
43.2
46.2
42.8
43.6
45.0
44.1
42.7
49.7
43.4
42.2
44.5
44.5
45.9
44.3
43.7
43.8
43.7
41.6
43.0
42.2
43.8
42.9
43.9
44.1
44.3
44.5
43.0
42.8
42.8
44.8
46.5
45.0
47.0
44.2
44.6
46.0
44.8
43.6
50.6
45.3
42.5
45.4
45.9
47.3
45.5
45.0
44.0
44.3
42.4
42.7
44.1
44.7
43.0
44.6
44.7
45.2
46.7
43.7
42.9
43.1
43.6
5.9
7.1
6.9
7.2
5.6
6.0
6.7
6.1
6.0
10.0
6.0
5.1
6.9
6.7
7.5
7.5
5.5
4.9
5.5
3.9
4.9
6.1
5.9
6.0
6.8
6.0
5.0
6.4
5.0
4.1
3.5
5.3
5.8
3.9
6.5
5.3
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.0
8.9
5.1
3.9
6.5
6.2
7.1
7.2
5.2
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.0
5.1
5.0
5.2
6.8
5.2
3.5
5.6
4.9
3.4
2.7
5.9
6.8
5.8
7.1
4.9
5.5
6.3
5.3
4.8
10.4
5.5
4.5
6.6
6.6
7.0
7.1
5.2
5.3
5.7
4.1
5.4
4.8
5.6
5.1
6.8
5.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
4.4
4.2
6.4
7.7
7.2
7.9
5.6
6.1
6.9
6.0
5.2
10.5
6.2
4.7
7.2
7.0
8.1
7.7
5.9
5.7
6.1
4.9
5.5
5.4
6.2
5.7
7.6
6.0
5.6
7.8
5.9
4.7
4.5
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
41.9
44.3
44.7
43.8
42.8
43.5
41.5
42.9
43.3
42.9
42.7
42.7
42.6
44.7
45.4
43.5
41.4
43.3
45.2
45.5
46.2
44.3
43.1
44.1
3.9
5.1
5.1
5.9
5.8
5.8
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.7
6.2
4.9
6.3
6.3
5.9
6.3
6.7
5.8
6.7
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
42.9
42.9
42.8
43.1
42.8
43.0
41.8
42.6
41.9
42.5
41.9
43.2
44.8
42.2
43.4
41.8
41.0
40.0
44.2
45.3
42.5
36.3
41.8
43.8
43.6
44.7
43.8
41.2
41.0
41.2
40.8
41.0
41.2
39.5
40.4
38.3
39.9
40.6
41.4
43.6
41.7
42.0
38.1
40.5
40.6
41.3
43.1
41.3
40.3
40.6
41.5
41.7
42.1
42.1
42.6
42.5
43.4
41.6
42.5
42.1
42.2
41.1
39.9
41.3
42.2
42.2
42.4
41.8
42.8
39.4
43.4
41.8
43.6
45.6
42.6
40.9
43.5
42.4
43.2
43.6
43.3
43.1
42.8
43.8
41.8
44.2
44.7
42.7
43.0
43.8
43.7
42.0
43.3
42.5
42.8
43.9
41.4
41.3
41.1
44.0
45.4
42.7
41.5
42.5
42.6
43.6
43.3
44.7
4.7
4.9
3.9
6.0
3.9
3.6
4.2
3.9
2.2
2.8
3.9
4.9
5.4
4.6
3.5
4.2
4.6
3.9
4.9
5.4
4.8
3.5
4.8
4.7
5.6
6.5
5.6
3.7
3.7
2.9
4.5
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
1.6
2.1
4.1
5.6
4.4
3.1
2.8
3.8
2.9
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.3
4.2
3.4
4.5
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.5
5.2
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.1
2.1
2.2
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.8
3.7
3.4
5.8
3.9
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.6
5.1
4.7
5.2
5.1
5.8
5.0
5.2
4.7
5.7
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.1
3.2
4.2
3.1
5.2
4.8
4.7
3.9
4.3
4.8
4.0
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.4
4.9
4.8
5.8
5.3
7.0
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
41.5
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
Jan.
1998P
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
Industry
Durable goods^ontinued
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec ...
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery .
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types .
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears ..
Power transmission equipment, nec .
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment...
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ....
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment ...
Household audio and video equipment ,
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories ,
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ..
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
uoae
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$13.97
17.04
19.42
16.20
14.04
15.21
13.45
13.85
14.54
13.02
13.41
12.60
14.81
14.71
15.36
15.43
13.01
12.32
14.39
12.48
15.34
14.12
13.66
14.51
14.84
14.15
11.38
14.39
13.18
14.31
15.78
$13.91
16.71
18.52
16.10
13.59
14.84
13.40
13.89
14.42
13.02
13.41
12.22
14.86
14.66
15.28
15.56
13.04
12.41
14.35
12.50
15.17
14.10
13.65
14.50
15.03
14.16
11.27
14.38
13.22
14.08
15.47
$14.29
16.98
20.02
15.95
13.98
14.77
13.57
14.00
14.36
13.36
13.66
12.56
15.07
14.79
15.50
15.80
13.20
12.40
14.85
12.91
15.97
14.53
13.92
14.63
15.21
14.82
11.67
14.92
13.32
14.71
16.27
$14.39
17.16
20.21
16.09
13.85
14.72
13.57
13.96
14.61
13.20
13.78
12.60
15.24
14.72
15.57
16.01
13.34
12.52
15.12
13.30
16.33
14.69
14.14
14.94
15.44
15.35
11.87
15.05
13.51
14.70
16.04
$14.34
$620.27
778.73
868.07
745.20
610.74
669.24
613.32
616.33
648.48
665.32
595.40
541.80
669.41
661.95
721.92
698.98
575.04
526.06
633.16
534.14
662.69
624.10
610.60
647.15
664.83
622.60
510.96
663.38
565.42
618.19
684.85
$602.30
746.94
790.80
730.94
587.09
635.15
590.94
609.77
633.04
623.66
567.24
501.02
659.78
650.90
712.05
693.98
568.54
532.39
614.18
527.50
611.35
610.53
589.68
630.75
682.36
604.63
482.36
626.97
556.56
588.54
638.91
$628.76
770.89
864.86
736.89
598.34
643.97
610.65
617.40
613.17
663.99
592.84
530.03
670.62
658.16
711.45
699.94
576.84
543.12
648.95
537.06
686.71
613.17
609.70
627.63
667.72
653.56
516.98
663.94
572.76
629.59
696.36
$644.67
797.94
909.45
756.23
612.17
656.51
624.22
625.41
637.00
667.92
624.23
535.50
691.90
675.65
736.46
728.46
600.30
550.88
669.82
563.92
697.29
647.83
632.06
642.42
688.62
686.15
536.52
702.84
590.39
630.63
691.32
$625.22
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
13.39
12.59
12.80
13.49
14.43
13.27
13.39
12.51
12.82
13.48
14.21
13.27
13.55
13.25
13.69
13.90
14.57
13.75
13.38
13.30
13.74
14.03
14.54
13.86
561.04
557.74
572.16
590.86
617.60
577.25
555.69
536.68
555.11
578.29
606.77
566.63
577.23
592.28
621.53
604.65
603.20
595.38
604.78
605.15
634.79
621.53
626.67
611.23
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
12.54
12.35
11.39
13.36
11.97
11.24
13.34
12.26
13.99
14.22
9.96
12.70
15.36
12.72
11.33
8.94
10.34
10.33
13.76
15.08
12.25
14.42
15.83
10.42
13.72
15.13
13.92
12.46
12.37
11.42
13.34
11.88
11.15
13.24
12.27
13.73
14.21
10.01
12.71
15.45
12.72
11.43
9.05
10.45
10.33
13.67
14.89
12.10
13.76
15.52
10.33
13.67
14.82
13.94
13.00
12.90
11.90
13.87
12.37
11.47
14.00
12.33
13.30
14.09
10.62
12.81
16.02
13.11
11.40
8.99
11.64
11.09
13.97
15.19
12.99
15.17
17.31
10.63
13.94
15.06
14.20
13.05
13.05
12.04
14.06
12.53
11.65
14.22
12.44
13.23
14.38
10.62
12.82
16.21
12.92
11.52
8.99
11.46
11.01
13.89
14.77
13.02
15.49
17.30
10.74
14.11
15.21
14.45
537.97
529.82
487.49
575.82
512.32
483.32
557.61
522.28
586.18
604.35
417.32
548.64
688.13
536.78
491.72
373.69
423.94
413.20
608.19
683.12
520.63
523.45
661.69
456.40
598.19
676.31
609.70
513.35
507.17
470.50
544.27
487.08
459.38
522.98
495.71
525.86
566.98
406.41
526.19
673.62
530.42
480.06
344.81
423.23
419.40
564.57
641.76
499.73
554.53
630.11
428.70
570.04
623.92
586.87
553.80
548.25
516.46
576.99
525.73
482.89
590.80
506.76
530.67
581.92
448.16
540.58
679.25
548.00
487.92
354.21
505.18
463.56
609.09
692.66
553.37
620.45
752.99
450.71
602.21
656.62
614.86
562.46
558.54
527.35
587.71
553.83
520.76
607.19
534.92
579.47
628.41
446.04
555.11
688.93
552.98
505.73
372.19
473.30
452.51
611.16
670.56
555.95
642.84
735.25
457.52
615.20
658.59
645.92
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
12.91
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
535.77
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
7.2
7.8
8.1
6.0
8.2
4.2
8.1
8.4
7.7
8.1
4.5
5.3
3.1
5.0
4.7
4.9
3.2
1.8
6.5
7.0
7.1
6.2
7.4
2.8
7.2
7.9
6.2
6.8
4.6
5.7
2.8
4.3
4.1
4.0
2.9
1.8
6.7
7.1
6.7
6.6
7.7
3.7
7.6
7.3
8.0
7.8
4.6
5.7
2.9
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.6
2.5
7.4
8.0
8.1
6.3
8.5
4.6
7.7
7.5
8.2
7.7
4.9
6.2
3.1
5.1
4.9
4.7
3.7
2.5
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.9
4.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.0
8.3
2.8
3.7
4.2
3.4
3.6
3.4
2.9
3.4
3.8
3.2
2.2
7.7
1.3
4.2
4.6
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.3
4.0
3.6
4.1
2.7
6.3
2.0
4.4
4.7
4.3
4.5
4.2
3.3
4.5
4.0
4.8
2.4
6.3
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.7
2.7
2.9
2.3
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
2.9
1.9
1.8
2.4
2.5
1.8
2.8
3.1
2.9
2.6
3.4
3.8
3.8
4.2
4.2
3.2
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.5
3.4
3.2
4.4
4.6
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.0
3.0
2.6
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.3
4.4
4.6
_
40.8
4.5
4.0
4.7
4.7
4.2
41.0
5.0
4.3
5.2
5.5
3.3
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.2
6.9
3.8
4.6
8.2
7.1
7.2
4.5
4.3
5.1
4.5
3.7
4.8
4.2
5.2
4.6
8.0
3.1
3.8
7.3
6.2
7.1
5.5
5.3
6.6
6.9
4.0
5.2
4.8
5.7
5.4
8.2
5.3
4.4
7.7
9.3
6.3
5.3
4.9
6.1
6.6
3.6
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.5
10.1
4.9
4.9
7.7
8.6
6.4
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
45.6
46.5
47.1
44.7
46.9
41.5
45.6
44.2
47.0
46.6
43.0
45.0
39.9
43.9
44.1
44.9
39.7
37.7
44.6
45.5
46.3
44.2
45.9
38.6
44.4
43.8
44.4
45.2
42.3
44.3
39.1
43.5
43.3
43.7
38.7
35.7
44.5
44.8
44.1
44.2
45.7
42.1
45.6
45.2
45.5
46.1
41.7
43.2
39.6
45.2
42.5
41.8
40.9
39.6
45.7
46.3
46.4
43.1
47.0
42.3
46.4
45.9
47.5
46.5
42.3
44.1
39.8
45.4
44.2
44.4
41.2
39.4
43.6
43.4
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
43.0
44.7
43.7
43.8
43.7
43.5
42.1
42.0
42.2
41.7
43.3
42.0
41.7
43.3
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.3
41.2
41.9
40.3
40.0
43.2
37.3
42.6
44.0
42.7
41.9
42.9
42.7
42.3
42.2
41.7
41.6
42.7
39.7
42.9
44.0
43.0
42.5
43.8
41.9
43.0
42.5
42.9
40.8
43.2
40.6
41.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
41.1
40.2
40.0
41.8
41.3
38.9
42.5
41.8
41.7
41.9
40.9
41.8
39.6
38.4
37.7
41.2
39.2
36.8
40.4
39.8
39.5
40.4
40.0
40.8
41.2
42.1
42.1
41.7
40.8
40.6
41.0
40.8
39.7
38.8
41.5
42.7
41.3
41.1
40.9
41.1
41.1
40.3
41.5
40.4
40.5
40.3
41.9
42.6
40.2
41.6
40.5
41.5
41.8
42.0
40.8
43.0
41.8
39.1
41.8
41.0
42.8
42.4
45.0
41.4
40.5
47.5
46.4
44.9
40.7
40.4
42.2
40.4
39.3
41.5
40.7
42.5
41.2
44.0
40.1
40.5
45.8
43.9
45.1
42.2
41.8
44.6
43.4
39.7
42.6
41.9
43.6
41.8
45.2
41.6
40.8
46.0
48.6
43.5
42.3
41.2
44.2
42.8
38.8
42.0
41.9
42.2
42.7
46.7
43.2
41.4
47.0
49.0
43.9
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
—
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$801.19
842.58
1,014.53
698.66
784.17
464.39
857.28
$778.72
819.91
988.04
711.18
766.07
429.62
828.06
$800.11
831.94
981.67
706.32
788.33
466.89
871.87
$829.46
866.27
1,048.18
685.29
811.22
484.76
895.52
$777.39
794.65
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
$17.57
18.12
21.54
15.63
16.72
11.19
18.80
(2)
18.50
16.65
13.10
14.40
10.80
16.92
19.18
(2)
11.57
11.27
$17.46
18.02
21.34
16.09
16.69
11.13
18.65
(2)
18.16
16.60
13.15
14.49
10.75
16.78
19.31
(2)
11.33
10.94
$17.98
18.57
22,26
15.98
17.25
11.09
19.12
(2)
19.27
16.80
13.13
14.43
11.09
16.96
19.77
(2)
11.65
11.57
$18.15
18.71
22.59
15.90
17.26
11.46
19.30
(2)
19.33
16.99
13.19
14.42
11.21
17.10
19.81
(2)
11.78
11.95
$17.83
18.31
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
13.39
17.10
13.38
11.73
13.01
15.27
12.29
11.64
11.40
10.06
15.93
9.44
13.38
16.84
13.39
11.75
13.03
15.33
12.28
11.70
11.34
10.15
15.92
9.59
13.70
17.20
13.80
11.76
13.46
16.19
12.74
11.99
11.93
10.17
15.84
10.02
13.73
17.48
13.79
11.87
13.58
15.93
12.75
12.01
11.96
10.34
15.82
10.04
13.69
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
10.59
11.01
11.18
10.60
9.95
9.43
10.20
10.96
9.07
7.89
11.08
11.49
10.59
10.93
11.04
10.67
10.04
9.55
10.26
11.07
9.22
7.88
10.98
11.23
10.72
11.15
11.27
10.70
10.22
9.66
10.51
11.09
9.57
8.69
11.01
11.70
10.83
11.27
11.48
10.93
10.31
9.84
10.53
11.11
9.78
8.96
11.12
11.74
10.82
12.24
12.20
12.48
12.59
11.46
9.31
10.07
10.64
8.30
12.99
11.66
13.68
11.02
14.43
12.00
10.22
14.55
12.43
11.24
11.41
9.33
10.03
10.71
8.38
13.07
11.85
13.78
11.05
14.62
12.01
10.24
14.28
12.41
11.19
11.60
9.46
10.08
10.83
8.51
13.39
12.19
14.08
11.07
14.87
11.69
10.34
14.63
13.11
11.61
11.73
9.51
10.19
10.86
8.52
13.36
12.14
14.03
11.43
15.43
12.29
10.50
14.96
13.12
11.56
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
-
-
869.50
775.89
563.30
648.00
430.92
742.79
845.84
-
-
806.30
750.32
556.25
641.91
420.33
729.93
836.12
-
-
876.79
774.48
547.52
623.38
439.16
766.59
840.23
-
-
918.18
790.04
557.94
635.92
446.16
776.34
875.60
-
—
-
459.33
424.88
438.47
390.56
476.49
458.17
485.34
470.83
575.77
764.37
584.71
513.77
568.54
664.25
517.41
488.88
481.08
419.50
689.77
396.48
557.95
729.17
558.36
489.98
543.35
633.13
505.94
490.23
457.00
406.00
687.74
357.71
583.62
756.80
589.26
492.74
577.43
691.31
538.90
505.98
497.48
423.07
676.37
397.79
589.02
769.12
592.97
504.48
594.80
667.47
548.25
510.43
513.08
421.87
683.42
407.62
570.87
435.25
442.60
447.20
443.08
410.94
366.83
433.50
458.13
378.22
330.59
453.17
480.28
419.36
419.71
416.21
439.60
393.57
351.44
414.50
440.59
364.19
318.35
439.20
458.18
441.66
469.42
474.47
446.19
416.98
392.20
430.91
452.47
379.93
337.17
456.92
499.59
447.28
463.20
469.53
449.22
423.74
396.55
437.00
448.84
396.09
361.09
465.93
500.12
434.96
12.60
509.18
494.10
517.92
526.26
514.08
11.70
481.32
379.85
433.01
444.75
324.53
542.98
478.06
585.50
467.25
649.35
496.80
413.91
691.13
576.75
504.68
464.39
376.93
423.27
432.68
329.33
542.41
482.30
585.65
455.26
643.28
481.60
414.72
654.02
544.80
504.67
489.52
395.43
449.57
470.02
337.85
570.41
510.76
613.89
462.73
672.12
486.30
421.87
672.98
637.15
505.04
496.18
391.81
450.40
464.81
330.58
561.12
508.67
592.07
488.06
720.58
530.93
434.70
703.12
642.88
507.48
479.70
—
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
—
Industry
1987
SIC
Uode
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
205
2051
41.1
40.5
39.0
39.0
41.3
41.0
41.5
40.7
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
42.1
43.2
57.2
49.1
43.1
42.0
46.0
44.5
49.5
42.6
39.3
38.9
40.6
53.1
44.3
43.8
38.6
44.3
41.6
45.4
40.6
37.5
42.0
42.8
63.3
53.9
40.4
40.8
44.1
43.2
49.2
40.8
40.2
43.0
43.2
63.2
50.4
43.0
41.5
44.0
44.0
47.9
42.4
41.0
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
41.9
42.3
39.2
39.5
39.5
37.9
41.3
42.1
38.0
Textile mill products
Broad woven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics.
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
(Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
42.0
42.9
42.3
42.4
39.3
40.3
41.0
38.7
40.5
36.3
42.7
44.4
45.7
43.1
43.3
41.7
42.2
38.9
42.6
41.0
40.6
41.7
41.9
39.9
39.7
39.5
38.6
40.0
34.9
42.7
41.9
42.9
41.1
42.4
41.1
41.6
38.2
42.4
41.9
42.3
42.8
40.5
40.8
40.5
39.9
38.8
41.0
41.3
39.4
42.9
43.4
43.4
43.1
42.1
42.8
39.3
42.4
42.1
42.6
42.3
40.9
39.9
40.2
37.9
37.4
41.1
39.5
39.6
44.3
44.5
44.2
44.4
42.5
43.4
38.7
43.0
41.3
Apparel and other textile products ....
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses .,
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments ..,
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories .
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
37.9
37.6
37.4
36.0
36.5
38.2
36.6
34.7
38.1
34.8
36.8
37.3
36.7
39.3
37.9
36.9
38.5
40.1
38.4
40.2
40.7
36.9
37.5
36.5
35.7
36.3
36.2
35.8
35.9
36.9
33.3
35.8
37.2
36.2
40.4
37.3
35.9
36.8
38.5
37.1
38.4
39.3
37.6
37.7
37.3
36.9
36.7
38.2
35.9
35.0
37.6
36.6
35.6
37.3
38.2
34.8
37.3
38.3
38.9
39.6
36.4
40.5
40.0
38.1
38.7
37.0
36.4
36.7
38.5
36.6
35.0
37.5
36.9
36.6
38.2
38.2
38.1
37.5
37.3
37.5
40.9
37.8
42.2
41.3
37.3
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
26
262
263
44.5
46.5
45.3
43.8
45.9
44.9
44.4
45.3
44.6
44.7
46.0
45.3
43.7
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread .
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products .
Fats and oils
Beverages
fy/lalt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
5.2
5.0
3.9
4.0
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.8
5.5
5.5
19.4
11.9
4.5
4.2
7.0
4.8
7.7
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.2
14.0
9.3
4.5
3.1
6.5
4.5
7.1
3.9
3.9
5.1
5.9
18.7
15.9
4.2
4.4
7.3
5.0
9.3
3.6
5.0
5.5
5.5
18.5
11.8
4.0
4.3
7.2
4.5
6.9
3.8
5.1
4.6
5.7
4.0
4.9
2.8
2.4
4.6
4.5
_
5.0
5.9
5.3
6.1
3.0
3.9
4.5
3.4
3.3
2.2
5.4
6.8
7.4
5.9
5.9
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.9
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.7
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.1
1.9
5.2
5.1
5.5
4.3
5.2
4.3
4.6
3.2
4.4
4.8
5.5
5.8
4.6
3.2
3.6
2.8
3.2
3.5
2.7
4.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.0
4.9
5.4
3.3
4.9
5.0
5.8
5.6
4.8
3.1
3.9
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.4
5.0
6.3
6.3
6.4
5.9
5.2
5.6
4.0
5.2
_
2.4
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
4.4
2.3
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.7
3.9
4.2
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.2
1.8
2.0
1.3
4.3
1.9
2.1
1.4
2.8
1.0
3.2
3.2
2.3
1.4
1.7
2.0
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
3.2
3.9
2.0
3.7
1.5
4.1
3.9
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.4
2.0
2.0
1.2
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.6
2.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
1.8
4.4
2.0
5.2
5.3
6.0
6.6
7.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
6.2
6.6
7.3
6.1
6.7
6.9
Jan.
1998P
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$12.22
12.27
$12.15
12.22
$12.48
12.65
$12.51
12.72
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
12.14
11.96
12.39
17.66
12.54
10.84
12.29
16.08
21.08
13.47
10.55
12.01
12.25
12.28
17.87
13.20
11.17
12.23
16.04
21.70
13.30
10.37
12.19
12.54
11.64
18.38
12.86
11.71
12.77
16.41
22.93
13.36
10.39
12.15
12.55
11.29
18.07
13.07
11.85
12.81
16.26
22.25
13.50
10.60
Tobacco products .
Cigarettes
21
211
18.67
25.23
18.56
24.92
17.78
24.66
19.05
25.20
$18.86
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics .
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ....
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
9.92
10.27
10.85
10.21
9.22
9.06
8.32
8.95
8.62
9.11
9.92
10.13
10.11
10.43
10.07
9.59
9.55
9.86
11.49
9.93
10.26
10.88
10.39
9.33
9.10
8.49
9.07
8.51
9.28
9.88
10.10
10.05
10.29
9.97
9.63
9.61
9.84
11.48
10.15
10.59
11.10
10.66
9.26
9.19
8.58
9.21
8.59
9.35
10.03
10.45
10.39
10.95
10.20
9.88
9.92
9.96
11.72
10.24
10.65
11.11
10.62
9.31
9.32
8.59
9.25
8.76
9.53
10.21
10.55
10.42
11.08
10.30
9.93
9.95
10.05
11.82
10.25
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
MaW beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks ....
Misc. food and kindred products ....
205
2051
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats ...
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec ...
Women's and children's undergarments .
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
8.15
8.37
7.61
7.50
7.66
7.55
7.66
6.84
8.49
7.92
7.54
7.78
7.55
8.47
7.21
7.15
7.63
9.39
7.63
8.53
11.72
8.12
8.37
7.65
7.55
7.70
7.63
7.68
6.89
8.57
7.89
7.56
7.75
7.58
8.24
7.16
7.17
7.62
9.24
7.68
8.48
11.50
8.33
8.57
7.85
7.69
8.02
7.74
7.97
7.15
8.97
7.86
7.87
8.00
7.76
8.78
7.77
7.43
7.95
9.22
8.25
8.92
10.94
8.43
8.65
7.85
7.75
7.98
7.77
8.08
7.27
9.15
7.98
7.95
8.05
7.88
8.52
7.84
7.48
7.96
9.41
8.27
8.95
11.58
Paper and allied products .
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
26
262
263
14.95
18.75
19.19
14.84
18.69
18.65
15.24
19.44
19.04
15.30
19.40
19.10
-
_
-
-
-
-
8.45
-
-
15.20
-
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$502.24
496.94
$473.85
476.58
$515.42
518.65
$519.17
517.70
511.09
516.67
708.71
867.11
540.47
455.28
565.34
715.56
1,043.46
573.82
414.62
467.19
497.35
652.07
791.64
578.16
431.16
541.79
667.26
985.18
539.98
388.88
511.98
536.71
736.81
990.68
519.54
477.77
563.16
708.91
1,128.16
545.09
417.68
522.45
542.16
713.53
910.73
562.01
491.78
563.64
715.44
1,065.78
572.40
434.60
782.27
1,067.23
727.55
984.34
702.31
934.61
786.77
1,060.92
$716.68
416.64
440.58
458.96
432.90
362.35
365.12
341.12
346.37
349.11
330.69
423.58
449.77
462.03
449.53
436.03
399.90
403.01
383.55
489.47
407.13
416.56
453.70
435.34
372.27
361.27
335.36
350.10
340.40
323.87
421.88
423.19
431.15
422.92
422.73
395.79
399.78
375.89
486.75
425.29
447.96
475.08
431.73
377.81
372.20
342.34
357.35
352.19
386.16
395.18
448.31
450.93
475.23
439.62
415.95
424.58
391.43
496.93
431.10
453.69
469.95
434.36
371.47
374.66
325.56
345.95
360.04
376.44
404.32
467.37
463.69
489.74
457.32
422.03
431.83
388.94
508.26
423.33
-
_
-
-
-
308.89
314.71
284.61
270.00
279.59
288.41
280.36
237.35
323.47
275.62
277.47
290.19
277.09
332.87
273.26
263.84
293.76
376.54
292.99
342.91
477.00
299.63
313.88
279.23
269.54
279.51
276.21
274.94
247.35
316.23
262.74
270.65
288.30
274.40
332.90
267.07
257.40
280.42
355.74
284.93
325.63
451.95
313.21
323.09
292.81
283.76
294.33
295.67
286.12
250.25
337.27
287.68
280.17
298.40
296.43
305.54
289.82
284.57
309.26
365.11
300.30
361.26
437.60
321.18
334.76
290.45
282.10
292.87
299.15
295.73
254.45
343.13
294.46
290.97
307.51
301.02
324.61
294.00
279.00
298.50
384.87
312.61
377.69
478.25
315.19
665.28
871.88
869.31
649.99
857.87
837.39
676.66
880.63
849.18
683.91
892.40
865.23
664.24
-
_
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
44.7
45.0
43.8
44.6
42.7
44.2
42.6
43.2
43.3
43.7
41.7
43.8
42.3
44.8
42.3
42.5
44.6
45.2
43.1
44.3
43.3
44.2
43.3
42.7
45.0
45.0
46.1
44.8
43.5
44.9
42.9
43.0
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
39.0
34.0
37.8
39.5
37.6
41.6
36.1
40.5
40.4
40.0
43.0
40.9
39.6
37.8
32.3
36.5
37.9
36.8
39.2
36.2
39.5
39.4
39.1
41.2
38.8
39.0
39.2
33.8
38.0
40.3
38.6
42.0
36.7
41.0
40.7
40.9
43.7
39.8
40.2
39.3
34.0
36.6
40.8
38.6
43.2
36.6
40.9
40.6
41.2
43.8
40.7
40.0
38.0
Chemicals and allied products
28
Industrial inorganic chemicals
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
2819
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
Plastics materials and resins
2821
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
283
Pharmaceutical preparations
2834
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
284
Soap and other detergents
2841
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
Toilet preparations
2844
Paints and allied products
285
Industrial organic chemicals
286
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
2869
Agricultural chemicals
287
Miscellaneous chemical products
289
44.4
47.1
47.3
45.1
46.8
45.2
42.5
42.4
43.2
44.3
42.7
42.9
43.5
45.7
47.8
45.2
44.9
44.4
43.1
46.7
46.6
43.0
45.6
41.0
42.0
42.2
40.7
41.5
40.5
40.4
42.1
45.1
47.0
44.7
45.2
42.8
43.7
47.3
46.9
44.0
44.7
43.4
42.0
42.2
42.0
43.8
41.9
41.2
42.7
44.8
43.4
45.2
44.9
44.3
43.9
46.4
45.0
44.4
45.3
43.4
42.2
42.5
42.4
45.8
42.4
40.9
44.4
45.1
45.3
45.1
44.7
44.2
43.3
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
43.9
44.6
41.8
45.0
46.4
41.0
43.4
44.1
41.7
42.2
42.4
40.8
43.4
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
42.6
45.1
40.8
43.3
43.8
43.9
42.1
41.4
44.4
40.8
43.1
44.9
42.3
40.8
42.5
44.6
41.6
43.0
44.2
43.7
42.1
43.3
46.8
41.4
44.4
45.3
44.7
42.7
42.3
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
39.3
43.2
37.9
37.4
38.8
42.0
37.9
37.7
41.0
37.1
37.5
36.8
39.2
36.2
38.5
42.1
36.5
35.8
38.2
40.2
41.1
38.8
43.9
36.8
36.0
37.5
39.8
40.4
37.7
33.0
32.2
33.0
32.9
39.9
38.8
40.3
39.8
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and lanriinated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
6.1
6.4
5.0
6.2
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.5
4.7
5.8
4.6
4.4
5.1
4.5
6.4
7.0
4.7
6.3
5.5
4.7
5.5
4.7
6.2
6.6
5.1
6.2
5.5
5.1
5.1
4.9
3.5
1.6
3.0
4.0
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
4.2
3.9
5.2
3.3
4.3
2.9
0.9
2.5
3.5
3.4
3.7
2.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.1
2.3
3.7
3.8
1.8
3.2
4.1
2.5
5.9
2.9
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.8
3.0
4.8
3.8
1.9
2.6
4.3
3.0
5.7
3.1
4.4
4.3
4.3
5.8
3.2
4.5
5.3
6.1
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.3
5.3
5.3
3.8
4.7
3.5
3.5
4.0
6.5
7.8
6.1
5.7
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.5
5.5
6.0
4.8
5.0
5.0
3.2
3.8
3.1
3.0
3.7
5.9
7.4
5.5
6.0
4.9
5.5
6.5
6.3
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.4
3.9
5.0
3.6
3.5
4.5
6.2
4.6
6.6
6.7
5.6
5.6
6.5
6.2
5.7
5.8
4.9
6.0
5.8
4.0
5.3
4.1
3.4
5.2
6.1
5.7
6.2
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.3
7.3
6.1
6.1
6.5
6.0
5.7
6.8
5.3
5.2
5.4
_
_
4.7
6.1
0.6
5.3
5.8
5.3
4.5
4.2
6.2
1.9
4.8
5.7
4.4
4.0
4.9
6.7
3.3
5.2
5.7
5.4
4.6
5.1
6.8
4.6
5.7
6.2
5.7
4.8
_
_
_
_
2.4
6.3
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.9
1.1
1.9
5.2
1.5
2.0
0.7
1.5
0.9
2.3
4.5
1.5
1.6
1.0
3.2
3.4
2.4
5.6
1.8
1.9
0.7
2.1
1.3
_
32.4
-
-
-
-
-
39.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
Jan.
1998P
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$563.67
567.45
550.13
593.18
560.65
670.51
509.07
513.65
$544.71
549.75
533.76
574.22
547.36
652.29
501.68
502.35
$578.02
585.79
553.84
610.01
576.32
681.12
520.03
514.54
$586.35
587.25
585.93
620.48
583.34
690.11
516.09
524.17
503.10
432.14
535.63
484.27
442.55
530.40
450.53
532.98
540.96
500.80
590.39
411.45
627.66
486.11
413.44
513.92
463.52
440.50
490.00
452.86
514.69
523.23
482.49
558.26
389.94
619.32
519.40
440.08
562.78
504.15
459.34
550.62
470.49
553.09
555.96
528.43
625.78
411.13
656.87
522.69
445.74
533.99
505.92
454.32
561.17
478.00
554.60
558.66
533.54
634.66
418.40
663.20
$505.02
730.38
862.40
881.20
774.82
888.26
677.10
686.38
676.70
573.26
741.14
541.01
509.65
605.09
903.03
939.75
899.03
745.79
669.11
705.55
855.08
867.69
736.16
864.58
602.70
671.58
669.71
540.09
683.92
500.99
491.67
576.77
882.16
922.14
879.70
736.76
641.14
736.35
894.44
897.67
777.48
886.85
656.21
704.76
700.52
562.80
755.99
543.02
489.87
605.49
901.82
869.30
916.66
763.30
672.92
742.35
871.39
854.10
788.54
905.55
654.04
702.21
697.43
588.94
817.99
565.19
502.66
639.36
909.67
909.62
915.98
756.77
674.05
733.07
889.41
998.15
613.62
905.85
1,020.34
584.66
885.36
997.54
634.67
867.21
961.63
625.46
887.10
490.33
830.74
383.11
508.78
526.04
483.34
455.94
475.69
822.73
392.09
497.37
522.64
465.30
440.23
495.13
830.01
411.84
501.38
521.12
496.87
461.84
511.37
872.82
413.17
530.14
540.43
516.29
474.40
500.83
347.02
499.82
320.26
351.93
282.08
359.52
293.35
332.89
479.70
314.61
353.25
268.27
340.26
284.53
350.35
503.94
314.27
326.85
289.94
355.37
340.31
355.80
524.61
318.32
335.16
282.00
353.42
330.47
348.73
12.08
379.50
373.52
395.34
393.16
391.39
15.16
582.54
570.75
610.14
601.78
598.82
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
$12.61
12.61
12.56
13.30
13.13
15.17
11.95
11.89
$12.58
12.58
12.80
13.11
12.94
14.56
11.86
11.82
$12.96
12.96
12.85
13.77
13.31
15.41
12.01
12.05
$13.03
13.05
12.71
13.85
13.41
15.37
12.03
12.19
Printing and publishing
Newspapers ....
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic ..
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
12.90
12.71
14.17
12.26
11.77
12.75
12.48
13.16
13.39
12.52
13.73
10.06
15.85
12.86
12.80
14.08
12.23
11.97
12.50
12.51
13.03
13.28
12.34
13.55
10.05
15.88
13.25
13.02
14.81
12.51
11.90
13.11
12.82
13.49
13.66
12.92
14.32
10.33
16.34
13.30
13.11
14.59
12.40
11.77
12.99
13.06
13.56
13.76
12.95
14.49
10.28
16.58
$13.29
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
16.45
18.31
18.63
17.18
18.98
14.98
16.15
15.96
13.27
16.73
12.67
11.88
13.91
19.76
19.66
19.89
16.61
15.07
16.37
18.31
18.62
17.12
18.96
14.70
15.99
15.87
13.27
16.48
12.37
12.17
13.70
19.56
19.62
19.68
16.30
14.98
16.85
18.91
19.14
17.67
19.84
15.12
16.78
16.60
13.40
17.26
12.96
11.89
14.18
20.13
20.03
20.28
17.00
15.19
16.91
18.78
18.98
17.76
19.99
15.07
16.64
16.41
13.89
17.86
13.33
12.29
14.40
20.17
20.08
20.31
16.93
15.25
16.93
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
20.26
22.38
14.68
20.13
21.99
14.26
20.40
22.62
15.22
20.55
22.68
15.33
20.44
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec ...
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
11.51
18.42
9.39
11.75
12.01
11.01
10.83
11.49
18.53
9.61
11.54
11.64
11.00
10.79
11.65
18.61
9.90
11.66
11.79
11.37
10.97
11.81
18.65
9.98
11.94
11.93
11.55
11.11
11.84
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .
31
311
314
3143
, 3144
316
317
8.83
11.57
8.45
9.41
7.27
8.56
7.74
8.83
11.70
8.48
9.42
7.29
8.68
7.86
9.10
11.97
8.61
9.13
7.59
8.84
8.28
9.17
11.95
8.65
9.31
7.52
8.88
8.18
11.50
11.60
11.98
11.95
14.60
14.71
15.14
15.12
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated ...
Envelopes
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
9.25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Jan.
1997
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
4011
47.0
47.4
51.7
50.0
—
—
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
34.3
38.4
38.4
33.0
37.5
37.8
34.3
38.8
39.5
34.3
38.5
38.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
40.1
40.1
40.3
38.8
38.7
38.9
40.4
40.3
41.4
40.2
40.1
41.3
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
39.1
38.2
39.1
38.5
—
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
46.1
45.0
45.0
44.6
-
-
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
38.9
37.9
37.5
40.1
37.6
37.4
36.9
38.2
37.9
38.0
38.3
37.1
37.1
36.5
36.6
37.2
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
40.4
42.1
42.4
35.9
39.1
40.0
41.8
42.5
35.0
39.0
40.5
42.1
42.3
36.0
39.9
Electric, gas. and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
42.1
41.4
42.9
43.0
42.5
41.8
41.2
42.4
42.5
42.3
38.7
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^
Wholesale trade
-
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
40.2
41.9
42.2
35.4
39.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
42.7
42.1
44.1
43.2
42.5
41.8
40.5
42.8
43.7
42.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
37.9
38.7
38.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
—
—
38.6
38.0
37.5
38.6
38.8
39.1
41.2
38.9
38.6
38.7
37.2
39.5
38.0
37.8
39.9
40.4
40.2
42.0
39.6
39.5
39.7
38.0
39.1
37.9
38.1
39.5
39.6
39.2
41.8
39.2
39.2
39.4
37.9
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
37.6
36.5
36.8
37.2
38.7
34.5
40.6
38.2
38.2
36.1
36.9
36.0
36.0
36.9
37.9
33.3
39.7
37.8
37.2
35.4
37.7
37.1
36.6
38.4
38.6
35.4
40.1
38.1
37.8
36.2
37.4
36.5
36.1
37.4
38.5
33.9
40.1
37.8
37.4
36.2
29.3
28.0
28.8
29.2
34.5
35.6
35.8
31.4
32.0
34.4
36.2
34.8
30.3
29.9
34.5
36.0
35.9
31.0
30.3
34.4
35.9
35.7
31.0
30.5
—
-
39.5
38.1
38.3
40.0
40.0
39.7
42.1
40.0
39.6
39.6
38.3
52
521
523
525
526
Jan.
1998P
-
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Dec.
1997P
-
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
fy^edical and hospital equipment
f\/letals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Retail trade
Nov.
1997
38.1
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
28.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^
1987
SIC
Code
4011
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$17.81
$18.15
$18.12
$17.91
11.07
11.51
14.25
-
-
-
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$837.07
$860.31
$936.80
$895.50
372.50
438.53
530.69
359.04
427.13
529.20
377.99
443.48
564.85
379.70
443.14
542.93
503.24
509.68
422.84
540.96
550.50
447.12
539.89
548.17
459.26
—
—
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
10.86
11.42
13.82
10.88
11.39
14.00
11.02
11.43
14.30
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
13.05
13.27
10.81
12.97
13.17
10.87
13.39
13.66
10.80
13.43
13.67
11.12
-
523.31
532.13
435.64
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
18.97
19.44
20.91
19.97
-
741.73
742.61
817.58
768.85
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
20.84
20.30
20.94
20.70
-
960.72
913.50
942.30
923.22
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
12.74
12.55
12.86
13.32
12.62
12.46
12.74
13.16
13.56
13.90
14.12
13.66
13.36
13.56
13.75
13.53
495.59
475.65
482.25
534.13
474.51
466.00
470.11
502.71
513.92
528.20
540.80
506.79
495.66
494.94
503.25
503.32
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
16.41
17.03
17.51
16.48
13.09
16.63
17.27
17.79
16.65
13.32
17.17
17.77
18.28
17.49
13.79
17.15
17.72
18.26
17.59
13.76
662.96
716.96
742.42
591.63
511.82
665.20
721.89
756.08
582.75
519.48
695.39
748.12
773.24
629.64
550.22
689.43
742.47
770.57
622.69
544.90
791.06
818.48
773.06
977.39
594.15
786.68
815.76
753.02
970.70
599.81
839.91
876.10
822.02
1,010.02
643.88
819.70
835.92
789.66
1,015.15
651.57
$13.77
510.84
499.52
531.74
526.46
_
542.34
453.39
462.28
495.20
655.20
611.78
562.46
595.20
508.86
544.50
411.34
530.36
455.62
455.63
478.25
637.87
599.40
547.14
571.83
496.40
533.29
398.78
565.64
475.00
478.55
519.50
679.12
659.28
576.66
620.14
538.78
572.08
419.52
557.57
480.57
483.11
509.16
660.13
652.29
575.59
607.99
530.38
564.60
424.10
-
467.37
457.71
585.86
452.35
489.94
323.27
563.53
450.38
559.25
372.91
456.08
446.04
567.36
451.29
476.40
314.02
547.07
444.15
537.54
363.91
486.33
503.82
623.66
476.93
505.27
343.73
591.07
453.77
564.73
382.27
482.83
478.52
605.76
473.11
506.66
332.90
585.46
447.93
569.23
384.08
8.61
239.09
230.72
245.09
248.20
_
334.65
361.70
367.67
253.40
270.72
336.09
367.79
352.18
245.13
273.29
347.07
376.20
387.72
256.99
276.34
344.34
373.00
379.85
257.61
278.47
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
18.79
19.77
18.02
22.73
13.98
18.82
19.80
17.76
22.84
14.18
19.67
20.81
18.64
23.38
15.15
19.61
20.64
18.45
23.23
15.44
13.20
13.18
13.74
13.71
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
l\/ledical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
13.73
11.90
12.07
12.38
16.38
15.41
13.36
14.88
12.85
13.75
10.74
13.74
11.99
12.15
12.39
16.44
15.33
13.28
14.70
12.86
13.78
10.72
14.32
12.50
12.66
13.02
16.81
16.40
13.73
15.66
13.64
14.41
11.04
14.26
12.68
12.68
12.89
16.67
16.64
13.77
15.51
13.53
14.33
11.19
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
12.43
12.54
15.92
12.16
12.66
9.37
13.88
11.79
14.64
10.33
12.36
12.39
15.76
12.23
12.57
9.43
13.78
11.75
14.45
10.28
12.90
13.58
17.04
12.42
13.09
9.71
14.74
11.91
14.94
10.56
12.91
13.11
16.78
12.65
13.16
9.82
14.60
11.85
15.22
10.61
8.16
8.24
8.51
8.50
9.70
10.16
10.27
8.07
8.46
9.77
10.16
10.12
8.09
9.14
10.06
10.45
10.80
8.29
9.12
10.01
10.39
10.64
8.31
9.13
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jan.
1998P
—
—
-
—
_
-
-
-
$524.64
_
-
-
241.94
_
-
_
-
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
1987
SIC
Code
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
63
531
533
539
31.2
31.3
28.9
30.6
28.1
28.2
25.9
28.3
29.8
29.9
27.9
30.1
30.9
31.0
29.3
31.1
54
541
546
29.7
29.8
28.5
29.0
29.3
26.8
29.6
29.8
28.9
29.5
29.6
29.5
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
55
551
553
554
559
35.3
36.9
37.3
31.8
36.0
35.0
36.4
36.8
31.8
36.2
35.6
37.0
38.1
31.9
35.1
35.2
36.8
37.4
31.5
35.2
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
27.6
29.6
25.5
29.0
27.1
25.4
28.4
23.1
26.2
25.5
26.6
28.8
24.9
27.4
25.9
27.3
29.9
25.1
28.2
26.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
33.6
33.6
35.9
33.3
34.7
25.7
32.3
32.3
34.1
32.0
32.4
24.5
33.1
33.1
34.8
32.9
33.1
24.9
33.4
33.0
35.4
33.6
34.6
27.1
Eating and drinking places^
58
25.2
24.1
25.1
25.2
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
30.9
29.1
30.9
30.0
34.5
40.0
31.3
33.2
31.3
28.9
28.4
30.5
26.9
32.3
40.0
29.0
33.3
29.0
29.2
28.6
30.8
27.1
33.0
39.0
30.0
33.0
30.2
30.3
28.7
30.8
29.3
33.9
39.2
31.0
33.0
30.7
36.7
35.7
36.7
35.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate^
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
36.1
35.9
36.4
35.5
36.3
34.9
34.6
35.0
34.4
35.6
36.0
35.9
36.1
35.8
36.2
35.0
34.6
35.1
34.3
35.7
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
39.4
40.2
37.6
38.1
38.6
39.4
37,3
37.7
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
626
38.2
36.5
38.9
37.2
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
38.8
38.7
39.7
39.7
38.3
38.2
37.9
38.8
38.9
38.3
39.1
38.4
39.0
39.3
39.9
38.5
37.8
39.3
39.8
38.7
32.7
32.0
32.8
32.6
32.9
31.4
33.5
32.5
Services
Agricultural services
07
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
35.9
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32.4
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
53
531
533
539
$7.93
7.98
7.13
7.72
$7.98
8.01
7.46
7.79
$8.28
8.32
7.67
8.12
$8.27
8.32
7.58
8.09
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
8.52
8.64
7.66
8.61
8.71
7.62
8.80
8.92
7.64
8.83
8.97
7.76
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
55
551
553
554
559
11.09
13.95
9.18
7.33
12.22
10.99
13.74
9.18
7.35
12.01
11.64
14.63
9.69
7.62
12.46
11.49
14.31
9.61
7.70
12.62
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
7.76
9.34
7.55
7.63
7.63
7.95
9.55
7.87
7.72
7.76
8.19
9.87
8.13
7.94
8.06
8.16
9.69
8.11
7.85
8.23
10.95
10.62
10.85
11.36
10.77
6.73
10.98
10.46
10.50
11.70
10.62
6.89
11.53
11.01
11.04
12.22
11.23
7.08
11.51
11.05
11.03
12.12
11.43
6.90
5.97
5.95
6.21
6.28
8.77
9.44
7.48
7.99
9.30
12.36
8.94
11.10
9.17
9.08
9.53
7.58
8.49
9.39
12.42
9.16
11.19
9.46
9.13
9.77
7.72
8.41
9.53
12.77
9.24
11.17
9.54
9.09
9.79
7.76
8.31
9.69
12.87
9.17
11.21
9.48
13.02
12.99
13.69
13.58
10.11
9.67
9.43
9.84
10.00
10.10
9.65
9.51
9.74
10.01
10.50
10.00
9.83
10.12
10.35
10.51
10.08
9.87
10.22
10.34
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
Eating and drinking places'^
58
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
Finance, Insurance, and real estate^
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
13.19
11.39
13.23
11.41
14.21
11.99
14.11
11.92
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
18.25
18.48
20.01
20.05
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
15.40
14.32
14.50
14.76
16.83
15.32
14.18
14.39
14.62
16.75
16.45
14.98
15.20
15.54
18.06
16.16
14.92
15.15
15.57
17.49
12.16
12.19
12.58
12.62
9.54
9.56
9.73
9.97
Services
Agricultural services
07
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$247.42
249.77
206.06
236.23
$224.24
225.88
193.21
220.46
$246.74
248.77
213.99
244.41
$255.54
257.92
222.09
251.60
253.04
257.47
218.31
249.69
255.20
204.22
260.48
265.82
220.80
260.49
265.51
228.92
391.48
514.76
342.41
233.09
439.92
384.65
500.14
337.82
233.73
434.76
414.38
541.31
369.19
243.08
437.35
404.45
526.61
359.41
242.55
444.22
214.18
276.46
192.53
221.27
206.77
201.93
271.22
181.80
202.26
197.88
217.85
284.26
202.44
217.56
208.75
222.77
289.73
203.56
221.37
221.39
-
367.92
356.83
389.52
378.29
373.72
172.96
354.65
337.86
358.05
374.40
344.09
168.81
381.64
364.43
384.19
402.04
371.71
176.29
384.43
364.65
390.46
407.23
395.48
186.99
-
150.44
143.40
155.87
158.26
270.99
274.70
231.13
239.70
320.85
494.40
279.82
368.52
287.02
262.41
270.65
231.19
228.38
303.30
496.80
265.64
372.63
274.34
266.60
279.42
237.78
227.91
314.49
498.03
277.20
368.61
288.11
275.43
280.97
239.01
243.48
328.49
504.50
284.27
369.93
291.04
$13.63
477.83
463.74
502.42
486.16
_
364.97
347.15
343.25
349.32
363.00
352.49
333.89
332.85
335.06
356.36
378.00
359.00
354.86
362.30
374.67
367.85
348.77
346.44
350.55
369.14
Jan.
1998P
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
--
_
-
-
_
-
519.69
457.88
497.45
434.72
548.51
472.41
526.30
449.38
-
697.15
674.52
778.39
745.86
597.52
554.18
575.65
585.97
644.59
585.22
537.42
558.33
568.72
641.53
643.20
575.23
592.80
610.72
720.59
622.16
563.98
595.40
619.69
676.86
397.63
390.08
412.62
411.41
313.87
300.18
325.96
324.03
_
-
12.68
-
Jan.
1998P
—
-
—
-
$489.32
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
410.83
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
—
—
—
—
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
074
078
28.3
35.0
27.7
33.2
29.1
35.3
28.3
34.6
Hotels and ottier lodging places:
Hotels and motels^
701
30.7
29.3
31.2
30.3
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment sen/ices
Beauty shops'^
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
34.3
28.3
25.7
33.0
27.1
23.7
34.4
28.2
27.5
34.5
28.4
27.3
73
731
33.5
37.0
32.8
36.2
33.7
37.3
33.6
36.3
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
37.6
28.8
37.7
28.0
39.3
38.2
39.7
39.4
35.1
27.9
35.7
27.2
37.9
37.5
38.7
37.8
37.5
28.5
36.9
27.7
38.7
37.0
40.2
38.6
37.1
28.5
35.7
27.8
38.7
36.8
40.5
38.7
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
32.3
38.2
38.5
38.9
39.1
39.5
33.4
34.9
37.0
31.5
37.6
37.8
37.9
38.3
39.1
32.8
34.6
36.7
32.4
39.0
38.7
39.8
38.5
38.8
33.2
34.5
35.4
32.6
38.4
38.1
38.9
38.5
38.7
33.2
34.5
35.3
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
754
7542
36.0
36.5
36.6
33.9
38.3
38.2
38.0
30.3
27.0
35.7
36.2
35.7
33.3
38.0
38.1
37.6
29.8
26.3
35.9
36.2
36.4
33.7
38.2
38.3
37.6
30.6
26.4
35.8
36.4
36.4
33.1
38.1
38.3
37.5
30.6
27.6
Miscellaneous repair services
76
38.4
37.7
38.3
38.3
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
78
781
784
30.4
39.9
23.8
29.8
38.8
23.4
30.6
39.6
24.5
30.4
39.8
23.7
-
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.8
24.5
26.4
18.9
29.6
25.7
24.3
25.0
18.1
26.7
26.7
25.0
25.9
19.6
27.6
26.5
24.8
26.1
18.6
29.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
Health sen/ices
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
33.0
33.5
28.7
29.9
32.7
32.3
34.6
32.7
32.9
27.8
29.9
32.1
31.6
34.6
33.3
33.5
28.7
30.3
32.7
32.2
35.2
33.1
33.0
28.5
30.1
32.5
32.0
35.1
SorvicQS—Continuod
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance sen/ices, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer Integrated systems design
information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
—
—
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
074
078
$9.40
9.70
$9.39
9.77
$9.70
9.81
$9.84
10.10
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels^
701
8.57
8.47
8.79
8.96
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment sen/ices
Beauty shops^
[Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
7.90
9.07
8.96
7.91
8.84
8.22
8.17
9.14
8.79
8.22
9.46
9.09
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
-
$266.02
339.50
$260.10
324.36
$282.27
346.29
$273.47
349.46
-
263.10
248.17
274.25
271.49
270.97
256.68
230.27
261.03
239.56
194.81
281.05
257.75
241.73
283.59
268.66
248.16
386.93
614.57
381.46
599.47
407.10
640.44
406.22
619.28
400.82
224.64
381.52
210.56
463.35
412.94
609.79
431.04
379.08
215.11
355.57
202.37
446.84
412.50
596.75
410.89
422.63
231.42
412.54
214.12
471.37
431.05
638.38
431.93
412.92
230.28
393.77
214.62
474.46
437.18
646.79
434.21
308.47
746.05
871.26
782.28
586.50
562.88
320.64
265.24
444.74
303.66
729.82
843.32
753.45
579.10
550.53
314.55
262.61
439.67
318.17
797.94
919.13
822.67
589.44
602.95
330.34
277.04
445.69
323.39
782.98
903.35
799.40
596.75
598.69
331.00
279.45
452.55
374.49
358.38
315.95
247.09
447.64
472.44
442.55
235.72
180.68
388.80
371.77
337.79
277.01
461.46
484.50
451.58
257.04
192.46
388.43
375.28
337.43
280.03
462.53
489.47
451.88
252.45
200.65
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
_
73
731
11.55
16.61
11.63
16.56
12.08
17.17
12.09
17.06
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
10.66
7.80
10.12
7.52
11.79
10.81
15.36
10.94
10.80
7.71
9.96
7.44
11.79
11.00
15.42
10.87
11.27
8.12
11.18
7.73
12.18
11.65
15.88
11.19
11.13
8.08
11.03
7.72
12.26
11.88
15.97
11.22
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
9.55
19.53
22.63
20.11
15.00
14.25
9.60
7.60
12.02
9.64
19.41
22.31
19.88
15.12
14.08
9.59
7.59
11.98
9.82
20.46
23.75
20.67
15.31
15.54
9.95
8.03
12.59
9.92
20.39
23.71
20.55
15.50
15.47
9.97
8.10
12.82
75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
754
7542
10.43
9.90
8.86
7.43
11.70
12.32
11.63
7.92
6.91
10.49
9.90
8.85
7.42
11.78
12.40
11.77
7.91
6.87
10.83
10.27
9.28
8.22
12.08
12.65
12.01
8.40
7.29
10.85
10.31
9.27
8.46
12.14
12.78
12.05
8.25
7.27
-
375.48
361.35
324.28
251.88
448.11
470.62
441.94
239.98
186.57
Miscellaneous repair services
76
12.41
12.50
12.88
13.01
-
476.54
471.25
493.30
498.28
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and sen^ices
Video tape rental
78
781
784
14.54
20.46
6.30
14.73
20.78
6.33
14.90
20.32
6.79
15.25
20.87
6.87
-
442.02
816.35
149.94
438.95
806.26
148.12
455.94
804.67
166.36
463.60
830.63
162.82
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and reaeation sen^ices
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
9.43
7.13
8.86
8.22
9.20
9.34
7.17
8.81
8.30
9.19
9.80
7.45
9.07
8.60
9.34
9.82
7.54
9.15
8.72
9.63
252.72
174.69
233.90
155.36
272.32
240.04
174.23
220.25
150.23
245.37
261.66
186.25
234.91
168.56
257.78
260.23
186.99
238.82
162.19
281.20
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
13.06
13.52
13.28
12.17
9,11
8.55
14.87
13.10
13.55
13.39
12.11
9.20
8.63
14.89
13.45
13.99
13.87
12.83
9.50
8.98
15.20
13.51
14.08
13.89
12.89
9.53
9.00
15.25
430.98
452.92
381.14
363.88
297.90
276.17
514.50
428.37
445.80
372.24
362.09
295.32
272.71
515.19
447.89
468.67
398.07
388.75
310.65
289.16
535.04
447.18
464.64
395.87
387.99
309.73
288.00
535.28
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating sen/ices
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
Jan.
1998P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
806
28.6
28.3
29.1
29.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Legal services
81
35.5
34.3
35.6
34.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
83
832
833
835
836
839
31.5
31.6
31.3
29.9
32.5
32.5
30.8
31.0
30.7
29.1
31.8
31.7
31.6
31.7
31.2
30.3
32.6
32.8
31.2
31.4
30.8
29.9
32.0
32.2
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
35.1
34.2
35.7
35.1
-
-
-
-
-
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
37.4
39.4
39.7
38.5
37.4
36.2
36.7
40.2
30.5
36.9
36.5
35.7
37.1
36.5
36.9
38.8
39.2
38.0
36.6
36.1
36.1
39.8
29.9
36.6
35.8
35.1
36.4
34.9
37.5
39.5
39.9
' 38.7
37.7
36.5
36.8
40.5
30.6
36.5
36.5
35.3
36.9
36.3
37.0
39.3
39.6
38.4
38.0
35.8
36.1
39.6
30.3
35.5
35.9
34.7
36.4
34.5
_
Services, nec
89
36.0
34.9
35.2
34.7
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
See footnotes at end of table.
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
_
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
—
Jan.
1998P
_
_
—
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
808
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$11.35
$11.34
$11.36
$11.40
Legal services
81
17.13
16.96
17.79
17.66
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
83
832
833
835
836
839
8.73
9.25
8.57
7.53
8.80
10.50
8.73
9.23
8.51
7.51
8.84
10.45
8.97
9.51
8.71
7.72
9.07
10.93
8.97
9.46
8.69
7.75
9.12
10.84
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
17.14
17.14
18.18
18.07
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
(Management and public relations
[Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
16.89
18.47
19.24
16.70
13.21
14.56
17.62
19.93
13.67
20.40
16.04
14.40
18.19
14.81
16.79
18.50
19.33
16.54
12.98
14.18
17.60
19.66
13.73
20.51
15.98
14.35
18.00
14.84
17.60
19.28
20.13
17.35
13.43
15.27
18.25
20.40
14.17
21.50
16.74
15.39
18.68
15.42
17.52
19.28
20.18
17.11
13.43
15.06
18.08
19.98
14.07
21.64
16.66
15.33
18.40
15.31
Services, nec
89
16.81
16.69
17.01
16.81
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction: and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2 See table B-15a for average tiourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
-
$324.61
$320.92
$330.58
$332.88
-
-
608.12
581.73
633.32
612.80
-
-
275.00
292.30
268.24
225.15
286.00
341.25
268.88
286.13
261.26
218.54
281.11
331.27
283.45
301.47
271.75
233.92
295.68
358.50
279.86
297.04
267.65
231.73
291.84
349.05
-
601.61
586.19
649.03
634.26
_
-
_
-
631.69
727.72
763.83
642.95
494.05
527.07
646.65
801.19
416.94
752.76
585.46
514.08
674.85
540.57
619.55
717.80
757.74
628.52
475.07
511.90
635.36
782.47
410.53
750.67
572.08
503.69
655.20
517.92
660.00
761.56
803.19
671.45
506.31
557.36
671.60
826.20
433.60
784.75
611.01
543.27
689.29
559.75
648.24
757.70
799.13
657.02
510.34
539.15
652.69
791.21
426.32
768.22
598.09
531.95
669.76
528.20
-
605.16
582.48
598.75
583.31
-
_
-
-
-
-
^ Money payments only; tips, not included.
5 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from IVIarch 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
Corrected o v e r t i m e hours, a n n u a l averages, 1994-97
Manufacturing
Year
Total
1994
1995
1996
1997p
Jan.
1998P
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1998P
4.7
4.4
4.5
4.8
Durable
goods
5.0
4.7
4.8
5.1
NOTE: Data were erroneouly published in the January 1998 issue of this publication.
Nondurable
goods
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.4
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Average hourly earnings
excluding lump-sum payments
$20.47
$20.67
$20.91
$21.12
$19.84
$20.15
$21.06
$21.04
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
20.80
20.97
21.21
21.42
19.84
20.15
21.06
21.04
P = preliminary.
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
$12.34
$12.38
$12.61
$12.69
$12.71
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
12.83
10.07
9.95
12.14
14.12
12.04
13.10
11.89
16.29
12,73
10.16
12.89
10.12
10.00
12.31
14.12
12.08
13.11
11.92
16.28
12.81
10.22
13.13
10.33
10.21
12.52
14.28
12.20
13.39
12.33
16.72
13.06
10.25
13.20
10.37
10.26
12.56
14.28
12.28
13.44
12.34
16.79
13.05
10.36
13.19
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
11.61
10.81
17.69
9.36
7.90
14.01
12.34
15.52
19.02
10.90
8.58
11.63
10.80
17.67
9.42
7.91
13.96
12.39
15.48
18.84
10.93
8.62
11.82
10.89
17.18
9.60
8.08
14.25
12.63
15.85
19.08
11.01
8.84
11.92
11.04
18.05
9.66
8.16
14.32
12.69
15.89
19.34
11.15
8.89
$11.98
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Industry
Manufacturing
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
Average weekly eamings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Jan.
1998P
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$12.06
7.50
$12.11
7.51
$12.51
7.65
$12.51
7.66
$12.58 $420.89 $410.53 $435.35 $434.10 $430.24
261.58 254.51 266.11 265.83
(2)
(2)
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.95
9.91
16.18
10.03
16.38
10.01
16.47
10.09
$16.70
(2)
733.70
456.00
715.16
443.37
748.57
457.56
742.80 $749.83
454.87
(2)
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.66
9.73
15.73
9.75
16.25
9.93
16.34
10.01
$16.24
(2)
604.48
375.69
572.57
354.97
614.25
375.46
627.46 $605.75
384.24
(2)
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.07
8.12
13.04
8.08
13.37
8.17
13.48
8.25
$13.42
(2)
559.40
347.67
541.16
335.50
569.56
348.14
580.99 $560.96
355.78
(2)
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.60
9.07
14.71
9.12
15.14
9.25
15.12
9.26
$15.16
(2)
582.54
362.05
570.75
353.84
610.14
372.95
601.78 $598.82
368.51
(2)
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.20
8.20
13.18
8.17
13.74
8.40
13.71
8.40
$13.77
(2)
510.84
317.49
499.52
309.68
531.74
325.02
526.46 $524.64
322.39
(2)
Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
8.16
5.07
8.24
5.11
8.51
5.20
8.50
5.21
$8.61
(2)
239.09
148.60
230.72
143.04
245.09
149.81
248.20 $241.94
151.99
(2)
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.02
8.09
12.99
8.05
13.69
8.37
13.58
8.32
$13.63
(2)
477.83
296.97
463.74
287.50
502.42
307.10
486.16 $489.32
297.71
(2)
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.16
7.56
12.19
7.56
12.58
7.69
12.62
7.73
$12.68
(2)
397.63
247.13
390.08
241.84
412.62
252.21
411.41 $410.83
251.94
(2)
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1998P
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
Average weekly earnings
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
42.5
43.9
45.3
42.7
44.6
44.6
43.0
44.6
44.4
$11.75
12.92
13.98
$12.03
12.76
14.11
$12.16
12.87
14.21
Alaska
33.8
43.4
40.8
14.26
13.39
14.39
481.99
581.13
587.11
Arizona
42.9
41.6
41.9
11.69
11.72
11.74
501.50
487.55
491.91
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
42.6
41.5
42.3
42.6
41.5
41.8
41.3
42.0
42.3
42.6
43.0
42.8
43.4
41.8
43.1
10.56
9.83
10.56
11.46
12.33
10.92
10.57
11.11
11.47
13.06
11.07
10.61
11.24
11.57
12.59
449.86
407.95
446.69
488.20
511.70
456.46
436.54
466.62
485.18
556.36
476.01
454.11
487.82
483.63
542.63
California
Bakersfield .
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
42.4
41.3
41.0
42.7
43.1
42.8
43.8
41.6
41.1
39.3
40.3
41.0
42.5
42.2
40.0
43.0
42.0
42.8
42.4
40.6
41.0
43.0
41.9
41.6
43.5
41.7
41.2
38.6
40.7
41.4
43.0
41.3
38.8
42.7
42.6
43.1
42.8
41.9
41.1
43.3
42.5
41.8
44.0
42.1
41.3
39.2
40.8
41.2
43.2
42.3
39.3
42.9
42.9
43.0
13.10
13.58
11.51
12.26
13.26
15.65
12.89
11.48
13.90
13.86
13.07
14.29
16.18
13.59
14.60
13.23
15.16
12.52
13.29
14.00
11.98
12.46
13.26
15.72
12.84
11.97
14.56
13.93
13.53
14.53
16.76
13.85
15.08
13.51
15.17
12.43
13.37
14.07
12.05
12.51
13.28
15.86
12.93
11.91
14.59
13.86
13.62
14.61
16.77
13.83
14.90
13.42
15.30
12.43
555.44
560.85
471.91
523.50
571.51
669.82
564.58
477.57
571.29
544.70
526.72
585.89
687.65
573.50
584.00
568.89
636.72
535.86
563.50
568.40
491.18
535.78
555.59
653.95
558.54
499.15
599.87
537.70
550.67
601.54
720.68
572.01
585.10
576.88
646.24
535.73
572.24
589.53
495.26
541.68
564.40
662.95
568.92
501.41
602.57
543.31
555.70
601.93
724.46
585.01
585.57
575.72
656.37
534.49
Colorado
Denver
42.7
42.4
42.3
41.9
42.5
41.4
13.04
13.00
13.61
13.27
13.60
13.29
556.81
551.20
575.70
556.01
578.00
550.21
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Nonwich ,
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
43.4
44.3
45.2
44.3
43.2
42.9
42.3
44.7
43.2
43.1
45.3
44.3
42.5
42.7
40.5
43.2
43.6
44.2
44.8
44.9
42.6
42.7
40.1
44.0
14.21
15.22
14.88
15.08
13.98
14.51
14.05
13.37
14.73
15.10
14.71
15.49
14.44
15.11
14.02
13.65
14.84
15.53
14.81
15.78
14.74
15.06
13.61
13.57
616.71
674.25
672.58
668.04
603.94
622.48
594.32
597.64
636.34
650.81
666.36
686.21
613.70
645.20
567.81
589.68
647.02
686.43
663.49
708.52
627.92
643.06
545.76
597.08
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark ....
40.9
38.4
43.4
43.0
39.4
44.1
43.1
40.4
43.9
14.27
12.88
17.30
15.10
13.76
17.99
15.13
13.77
18.05
583.64
494.59
750.82
649.30
542.14
793.36
652.10
556.31
792.40
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA ...
39.3
40.0
40.3
13.81
14.25
14.32
542.73
570.00
577.10
Florida.
43.2
42.3
42.7
10.81
10.99
11.10
466.99
464.88
473.97
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
44.4
45.3
50.1
42.7
42.8
50.0
43.6
44.6
50.4
11.50
12.44
14.20
11.79
12.69
14.74
11.87
12.87
14.87
510.60
563.53
711.42
503.43
543.13
737.00
517.53
574.00
749.45
Hawaii
Honolulu
39.9
41.8
39.7
40.2
39.4
40.5
13.03
13.05
13.34
13.33
13.34
13.43
519.90
545.49
529.60
535.87
525.60
543.92
Idaho
38.3
40.9
39.8
12.43
12.12
12.23
476.07
495.71
486.75
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
42.2
43,2
41.1
41.9
41.9
41.6
41.0
42.2
42.4
41.3
42.5
41.0
40.6
42.6
43.8
42.9
42.4
42.8
42.7
41.7
42.8
39.9
40.6
42.8
43.7
42.9
42.5
42.7
43.2
42.0
13.21
18.24
10.82
13.09
15.00
16.24
14.35
16.46
14.89
11.76
13.51
17.25
11.34
13.43
15.36
16.62
14.74
16.51
15.17
12.09
13.56
17.36
11.36
13.46
15.48
16.66
14.80
16.58
15.18
12.21
557.46
787.97
444.70
548.47
628.50
675.58
588.35
694.61
631.34
485.69
574.18
707.25
460.40
572.12
672.77
713.00
624.98
706.63
647.76
504.15
580.37
692.66
461.22
576.09
676.48
714.71
629.00
707.97
655.78
512.82
State and area
Dec.
1996
$499.38
567.19
633.29
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$513.68
569.10
629.31
$522.88
574.00
630.92
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
44.1
42.4
39.8
43.8
41.9
42.3
44.6
48.5
45.8
44.5
42.9
44.5
43.4
41.1
40.0
43.6
41.1
42.9
44.3
50.7
43.0
43.1
41.6
45.3
44.0
41.4
40.0
44.1
41.3
42.2
44.3
53.0
44.1
43.1
41.0
45.3
$14.78
12.68
12.21
14.14
14.45
18.27
15.91
18.94
14.74
14.54
12.73
14.52
$14.97
11.35
12.17
15.45
14.42
18.72
15.72
21.19
15.73
14.52
12.28
14.74
$15.00
11.44
12.26
15.17
14.46
18.74
15.72
21.35
15.45
14.52
12.59
14.60
$651.80
537.63
485.96
619.33
605.46
772.82
709.59
918.59
675.09
647.03
546.12
646.14
$649.70
466.49
486.80
673.62
592.66
803.09
696.40
1,074.33
676.39
625.81
510.85
667.72
$660.00
473.62
490.40
669.00
597.20
790.83
696.40
1,131.55
681.35
625.81
516.19
661.38
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
42.7
44.9
41.8
43.3
39.1
43.6
44.5
45.3
42.3
39.5
43.5
43.6
45.1
42.3
38.8
13.59
16.67
14.24
15.24
10.90
13.80
17.05
13.47
15.30
11.45
13.89
17.69
13.77
15.18
11.65
580.29
748.48
595.23
659.89
426.19
601.68
758.73
610.19
647.19
452.28
604.22
771.28
621.03
642.11
452.02
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
43.0
42.2
45.4
43.0
41.8
44.4
43.2
43.2
44.3
13.23
13.90
15.39
13.74
15.14
16.13
13.87
15.57
16.26
568.89
586.58
698.71
590.82
632.85
716.17
599.18
672.62
720.32
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
42.1
42.9
42.9
41.9
43.6
41.9
42.4
44.5
42.9
12.92
13.74
14.29
13.43
14.30
14.91
13.55
14.46
15.20
543.93
589.45
613.04
562.72
623.48
624.73
574.52
643.47
652.08
Louisiana
i:...
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
45.6
44.4
45.3
43.6
44.6
43.7
44.4
43.4
45.3
44.5
44.3
43.6
13.95
16.04
14.47
14.16
14.33
16.74
14.59
14.23
14.75
16.71
14.63
14.25
636.12
712.18
655.49
617.38
639.12
731.54
647.80
617.58
668.18
743.60
648.11
621.30
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
41.4
41.5
39.1
40.6
42.7
37.9
41.6
42.4
38.9
13.05
11.40
11.22
13.13
11.62
11.20
13.20
11.44
11.36
540.27
473.10
438.70
533.08
496.17
424.48
549.12
485.06
441.90
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
41.8
42.3
42.1
42.0
42.2
42.3
14.00
14.72
14.36
15.05
14.26
14.98
585.20
622.66
604.56
632.10
601.77
633.65
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
42.6
42.2
43.1
43.0
42.3
41.9
42.8
42.9
43.1
42.8
43.7
43.8
13.19
14.37
12.76
13.16
13.57
14.75
13.19
13.62
13.62
14.79
13.08
13.64
561.89
606.41
549.96
565.88
574.01
618.03
564.53
584.30
587.02
633.01
571.60
597.43
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
45.6
47.4
46.9
47.4
44.3
42.0
44.7
44.9
47.4
44.1
46.0
45.4
45.4
42.7
42.7
46.0
42.3
46.0
45.7
48.5
47.0
45.2
43.4
44.7
46.4
42.7
46.7
17.00
17.53
18.58
22.21
14.53
12.98
15.38
18.15
20.12
17.46
18.53
18.94
23.96
14.48
13.08
15.58
19.07
21.38
17.61
19.24
19.24
24.00
14.52
13.06
15.66
19.10
21.39
775.20
830.92
871.40
1,052.75
643.68
545.16
687.49
814.93
953.69
769.99
852.38
859.88
1,087.78
618.30
558.52
716.68
806.66
983.48
804.78
933.14
904.28
1,084.80
630.17
583.78
726.62
815.57
998.91
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.8
42.1
41.0
41.9
43.7
42.6
41.9
42.4
44.9
13.56
11.89
14.42
12.81
13.85
12.64
14.68
12.92
13.93
12.68
14.69
13.03
562.74
497.00
599.87
535.46
583.09
518.24
615.09
564.60
593.42
531.29
622.86
585.05
Mississippi
Jackson
42.7
42.9
41.8
41.1
42.8
40.2
10.37
11.80
10.52
11.81
10.58
11.94
442.80
506.22
439.74
485.39
452.82
479.99
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
43.3
44.1
45.1
40.5
42.1
44.7
43.8
39.9
43.3
45.8
45.5
42.3
12.83
14.56
15.43
11.09
13.15
14.51
15.46
10.98
13.38
14.68
15.75
11.16
555.54
642.10
695.89
449.15
553.62
648.60
677.15
438.10
579.35
672.34
716.63
472.07
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Montana
39.3
40.6
41.8
13.20
13.27
13.40
518.76
538.76
560.12
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
41.3
45.0
43.0
42.4
46.4
42.6
42.1
47.0
42.8
11.90
13.43
13.15
12.09
13.72
13.32
12.40
13.81
13.44
491.47
604.35
565.45
512.62
636.61
567.43
522.04
649.07
575.23
Nevada
Las Vegas
43.9
38.1
45.1
42.7
45.1
41.7
14.17
15.34
13.89
14.55
14.00
15.21
622.06
584.45
626.44
621.29
631.40
634.26
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
State and area
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$527.88
551.14
621.50
491.73
$549.91
587.12
640.58
519.59
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
43.2
43.6
43.7
46.3
42.4
40.2
41.6
42.1
43.3
42.3
43.4
42.8
$12.58
13.60
14.93
12.10
$12.45
13.71
14.94
11.68
$12.70
13.88
14.76
12.14
New Jersey
43.2
42.6
43.0
14.17
14.38
14.48
612.14
612.59
622.64
11.24
11.82
12.17
14.73
12.04
14.69
459.72
491.71
477.06
562.69
477.99
574.38
Dec.
1996
$543.46
592.96
652.44
560.23
New Mexico
Albuquerque
40.9
41.6
39.2
38.2
39.7
39.1
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
41.7
41.7
41.6
44.2
39.8
42.0
40.8
38.8
38.7
40.6
43.9
42.5
44.6
40.3
41.1
41.9
42.8
40.1
44.1
39.3
42.3
41.2
39.4
39.2
40.3
43.7
42.5
43.4
41.0
40.4
42.3
42.5
43.8
44.8
40.9
43.3
40.9
39.6
39.4
41.2
44.1
42.7
42.8
41.3
40.5
13.05
14.54
10.33
16.38
11.77
12.30
12.05
11.98
11.81
11.65
14.55
15.46
14.33
11.65
11.93
13.43
14.87
10.51
17.37
12.48
12.46
12.26
12.21
11.99
11.31
14.87
16.07
14.39
11.68
12.57
13.44
14.91
10.23
17.33
12.19
12.53
12.28
12.46
12.27
11.34
14.89
15.98
14.36
11.64
12.60
544.19
606.32
429.73
724.00
468.45
516.60
491.64
464.82
457.05
472.99
638.75
657.05
639.12
469.50
490.32
562.72
636.44
421.45
766.02
490.46
527.06
505.11
481.07
470.01
455.79
649.82
682.98
624.53
478.88
507.83
568.51
633.68
448.07
776.38
498.57
542.55
502.25
493.42
483.44
467.21
656.65
682.35
614.61
480.73
510.30
North Carolina.
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
42.0
43.4
42.1
41.0
42.9
41.8
43.9
41.5
41.4
42.0
42.1
43.9
42.0
41.6
42.3
11.22
10.75
12.11
11.46
12.23
11.52
11.41
12.48
11.92
12.77
11.56
11.33
12.47
11.99
12.79
471.24
466.55
509.83
469.86
524.67
481.54
500.90
517.92
493.49
536.34
486.68
497.39
523.74
498.78
541.02
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .
41.2
41.5
39.3
40.1
40.7
39.7
11.10
10.93
11.34
11.35
11.42
11.40
457.32
453.60
445.66
455.14
464.79
452.58
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
44.3
43.9
41.3
44.6
43.9
43.0
45.3
46.7
44.3
44.9
43.7
45.4
43.4
44.3
43.9
43.3
44.3
44.9
43.4
45.7
46.6
44.5
44.3
41.3
43.9
43.8
44.8
44.6
42.9
45.0
45.0
43.5
45.9
45.8
44.8
44.2
41.5
44.4
43.4
14.94
12.57
13.39
14.42
14.81
14.22
15.88
16.29
15.55
15.93
15.33
16.87
16.30
15.52
12.75
13.70
14.77
15.26
14.72
16.66
17.09
16.41
16.75
17.07
17.07
17.15
15.65
12.80
13.68
14.95
15.33
14.88
16.77
17.02
16.33
16.84
17.20
17.02
17.47
661.84
551.82
553.01
643.13
650.16
611.46
719.36
760.74
688.87
715.26
669.92
765.90
707.42
687.54
559.73
593.21
654.31
685.17
638.85
761.36
796.39
730.25
742.03
704.99
749.37
751.17
701.12
570.88
586.87
672.75
689.85
647.28
769.74
779.52
731.58
744.33
713.80
755.69
758.20
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
42.2
45.0
42.7
42.7
44.0
43.6
42.9
43.6
44.2
12.19
13.65
12.34
12.39
13.00
13.17
12.50
13.14
13.29
514.42
614.25
526.92
529.05
572.00
574.21
536.25
572.90
587.42
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ....
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver...
Salem
41.1
39.7
40.8
42.0
40.9
41.2
40.1
40.6
41.8
40.0
41.2
40.3
39.0
42.3
39.0
13.20
13.00
11.84
13.47
11.55
13.62
12.87
12.51
13.85
11.65
13.72
13.16
12.58
13.88
11.99
542.52
516.10
483.07
565.74
472.40
561.14
516.09
507.91
578.93
466.00
565.26
530.35
490.62
587.12
467.61
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
42.6
43.1
41.7
43.8
40.1
38.2
41.7
42.8
43.6
43.2
41.4
43.8
43.1
42.7
43.1
42.8
43.1
40.7
45.3
40.4
39.2
41.5
42.1
43.4
42.3
41.6
43.8
42.4
42.1
44.9
43.1
42.6
40.3
45.3
40.3
38.6
41.5
42.4
43.3
43.0
41.1
43.4
43.5
42.9
45.5
13.64
13.65
11.02
13.92
13.11
10.25
13.10
14.64
14.70
14.99
12.19
14.44
11.57
11.22
13.68
13.87
14.15
11.76
14.29
13.33
10.39
13.18
14.92
14.87
15.21
12.47
15.02
12.24
10.93
14.53
13.91
13.96
11.70
14.31
13.28
10.17
13.19
15.05
14.89
15.10
12.43
14.89
11.66
10.99
14.59
581.06
588.32
459.53
609.70
525.71
391.55
546.27
626.59
640.92
647.57
504.67
632.47
498.67
479.09
589.61
593.64
609.87
478.63
647.34
538.53
407.29
546.97
628.13
645.36
643.38
518.75
657.88
518.98
460.15
652.40
599.52
594.70
471.51
648.24
535.18
392.56
547.39
638.12
644.74
649.30
510.87
646.23
507.21
471.47
663.85
Average weekly hours
State and area
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ,
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
41.3
41.9
41.7
42.2
42.4
43.0
$11.15
11.21
$11.42
11.79
$11.43
11.95
Dec.
1996
$460.50
469.70
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
$476.21
497.54
$484.63
513.85
South Carolina .
42.3
42.8
42.7
10.34
10.44
10.43
437.38
446.83
445.36
South Dakota ..
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....
42.5
40.7
41.6
42.1
41.0
42.7
42.2
41.2
42.8
9.82
9.57
10.09
10.00
9.94
10.45
9.99
9.98
10.48
417.35
389.50
419.74
421.00
407.54
446.22
421.58
411.18
448.54
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
41.9
42.3
39.8
42.1
43.5
42.3
42.3
41.5
41.2
41.8
42.3
42.1
42.7
42.6
40.5
42.0
40.8
43.2
11.52
10.88
12.16
10.89
12.15
12.34
11.99
10.83
12.91
11.72
12.34
12.87
12.10
11.07
13.12
11.74
12.37
13.06
482.69
460.22
483.97
458.47
528.53
521.98
507.18
449.45
531.89
489.90
521.98
541.83
516.67
471.58
531.36
493.08
504.70
564.19
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
43.9
46.1
44.3
45.7
42.9
44.0
43.8
44.5
46.5
42.3
44.3
44.5
45.3
46.3
42.6
11.97
12.05
12.62
13.86
9.73
12.19
12.20
13.08
14.28
9.79
12.19
12.31
13.19
13.97
9.73
525.48
555.51
559.07
633.40
417.42
536.36
534.36
582.06
664.02
414.12
540.02
547.80
597.51
646.81
414.50
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden ,
40.2
40.0
41.7
41.5
40.9
40.5
12.45
12.46
12.80
12.74
12.96
13.23
500.49
498.40
533.76
528.71
530.06
535.82
Vermont
Burlington
41.9
45.8
40.8
45.0
42.2
44.2
12.68
13.15
12.81
13.42
13.03
13.46
531.29
602.27
522.65
603.90
549.87
594.93
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
43.6
41.9
46.1
45.7
43.9
40.1
44.1
40.3
42.5
43.1
42.5
42.4
44.8
41.2
42.8
41.9
43.3
44.8
40.9
44.4
42.5
42.1
44.9
42.5
12.39
9.92
9.90
11.96
12.06
12.50
15.87
13.93
12.75
10.60
10.28
12.36
12.77
12.95
16.00
14.84
12.96
10.75
10.22
12.65
12.87
13.03
16.41
15.14
540.20
415.65
456.39
546.57
529.43
501.25
699.87
561.38
541.88
456.86
436.90
524.06
572.10
533.54
684.80
621.80
561.17
481.60
418.00
561.66
546.98
548.56
736.81
643.45
Washington
41.5
41.6
41.7
14.89
15.40
15.60
617.94
640.64
650.52
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling
42.2
47.4
43.1
45.6
38.7
42.4
47.6
43.8
44.4
41.4
42.2
47.7
43.9
45.9
45.2
13.12
14.11
14.41
16.78
13.42
13.43
14.92
15.03
16.48
16.70
13.42
14.80
14.72
17.22
16.57
553.66
668.81
621.07
765.17
519.35
569.43
710.19
658.31
731.71
691.38
566.32
705.96
646.21
790.40
748.96
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
43.3
45.4
45.1
43.0
45.6
42.4
42.8
42.7
43.2
44.5
44.4
43.8
43.0
45.1
41.5
42.8
47.2
42.2
44.3
42.2
42.6
45.2
42.6
44.1
43.2
44.7
41.0
40.4
44.9
42.5
46.0
41.5
43.1
46.8
43.5
43.2
13.55
14.72
13.05
14.47
17.34
14.54
11.80
12.66
14.76
14.31
13.24
13.01
13.93
15.31
12.62
15.02
17.81
15.13
11.53
12.53
15.04
14.58
13.11
13.30
14.00
15.09
12.68
14.62
18.14
15.43
11.63
12.82
15.26
14.81
13.17
13.23
586.72
668.29
588.56
622.21
790.70
616.50
505.04
540.58
637.63
636.80
587.86
569.84
598.99
690.48
523.73
642.86
840.63
638.49
510.78
528.77
640.70
659.02
558.49
586.53
604.80
674.52
519.88
590.65
814.49
655.78
534.98
532.03
657.71
693.11
572.90
571.54
601.64
Wyoming
40.8
40.5
40.9
13.87
14.69
14.71
565.90
594.95
Puerto Rico ....
40.2
40.1
40.2
7.86
8.40
8.41
315.97
336.84
338.08
Virgin Islands .
42.7
45.3
43.6
17.58
18.26
18.29
750.67
827.18
797.44
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
Publication of Data for Regions and Divisions
Publication of monthly census region and
division data derived from the Current Population Survey
(CPS) has been discontinued with the issuance of December
1997 data in the January 1998 issue of this publication. With
the release of data for January 1998 (March issue), table
C-1 will present estimates for census regions and divisions
obtained by summing the official State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (table C-2). Historical data will
appear in a subsequent issue of this publication and on the
BLS Internet.
Because of the shift to the sum-of-States procedure, data
for census regions and divisions will lag by 1 month the official
national CPS estimates published elsewhere in Employment
and Earnings. State estimation procedures are designed to
produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally adjusted) data for
each individual State. State labor force levels should not be
sunmied to generate national labor force estimates.
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
2,096.7
94.1
4.5
2,088.3
1,996.6
91.8
4.4
2,096.1
2,003.4
92.7
4.4
2,105.8
2,010.2
95.6
4.5
2,098.9
2,006.1
92.8
4.4
320.9
295.4
25.5
7.9
320.6
296.5
24.1
7.5
322.1
297.6
24.5
7.6
323.4
298.1
25.3
7.8
2.262.5
2.139.6
122.9
5.4
2,293.9
2,173.9
120.0
5.2
2,278.5
2,161.8
116.8
5.1
1,239.7
1,173.2
66.5
5.4
1,242.5
1,175.8
66.7
5.4
15,665.0
14,598.4
1,066.6
6.8
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
97.9
4.7
2,095.7
2,000.9
94.9
4.5
2,108.6
2,009.2
99.4
4.7
2,109.2
2,009.0
100.2
4.8
2,119.1
2,013.9
105.2
5.0
2,125.5
2,023.9
101.5
4.8
2,127.9
2,028.9
99.0
4.7
2,130.5
2,034.0
96.6
4.5
323.8
298.1
25.7
7.9
322.0
299.9
22.1
6.9
321.4
299.2
22.2
6.9
322.9
299.5
23.4
7.3
324.0
299.4
24.6
7.6
324.7
300.3
24.4
7.5
325.0
300.9
24.1
7.4
324.9
300.7
24.2
7.4
326.2
303.5
22.7
7.0
2,273.8
2,163.5
110.3
4.8
2,272.6
2,164.6
108.0
4.8
2,281.6
2,174.2
107.4
4.7
2,268.2
2,169.3
98.9
4.4
2,282.9
2,186.2
96.6
4.2
2,291.8
2,190.5
101.3
4.4
2,290.5
2,193.3
97.1
4.2
2,295.6
2,206.5
89.1
3.9
2,306.5
2,206.2
100.2
4.3
2.305.3
2.209.4
95.9
4.2
1,245.2
1,177.7
67.5
5.4
1,250.2
1,182.1
68.1
5.4
1,241.3
1,183.7
57.6
4.6
1.238.6
1.181.7
56.9
4.6
1,244.6
1,180.1
64.4
5.2
1,247.8
1,179.1
68.7
5.5
1,246.4
1,179.7
66.7
5.3
1,243.8
1,179.5
64.3
5.2
1,240.7
1,178.4
62.3
5.0
1,241.7
1,183.2
58.5
4.7
1,245.6
1,182.8
62.8
5.0
15,770.7
14,687.0
1,083.7
6.9
15,785.3
14,745.9
1,039.4
6.6
15,839.2
14,792.5
1,046.7
6.6
15,874.2
14,836.0
1,038.3
6.5
15,848.5
14,842.0
1,006.4
6.4
15,833.8
14,840.1
993.7
6.3
15.874.2
14.887.3
987.0
6.2
15.918.6
14.924.7
993.8
6.2
15,923.9
14,911.2
1,012.7
6.4
15,942.9
14,930.4
1,012.4
6.4
15,943.8
15,000.9
942.9
5.9
16,061.4
15,091.4
970.0
6.0
2,100.4
2,015.9
84.5
4.0
2,129.0
2,050.0
79.0
3.7
2,131.8
2,064.6
67.3
3.2
2,144.4
2,075.3
69.1
3.2
2,149.8
2,078.4
71.4
3.3
2,140.2
2,065.7
74.5
3.5
2,151.7
2,076.9
74.8
3.5
2,168.6
2,101.3
67.3
3.1
2,167.0
2,097.8
69.2
3.2
2.177.1
2.103.2
73.9
3.4
2,196.6
2,130.3
66.3
3.0
2,209.3
2,138.7
70.6
3.2
2.203.8
2.138.9
64.9
2.9
1,722.0
1,623.0
99.0
5.7
1,735.6
1,645.9
89.7
5.2
1,731.4
1,646.0
85.4
4.9
1,732.6
1,646.9
85.7
4.9
1,741.5
1,651.7
5.2
1,741.7
1,651.2
90.5
5.2
1,749.2
1,657.7
91.5
5.2
1,746.6
1,663.1
83.5
4.8
1,741.5
1,661.7
79.8
4.6
1,742.9
1,663.5
79.3
4.6
1,739.0
1.656.9
82.0
4.7
1,730.0
1,649.2
80.8
4.7
1,722.6
1,646.8
75.8
4.4
384.4
364.2
20.2
5.3
393.1
373.6
19.4
4.9
393.2
374.5
18.6
4.7
393.6
375.2
18.4
4.7
390.7
374.4
16.3
4.2
389.4
373.5
15.8
4.1
390.9
374.0
16.9
4.3
391.2
374.3
16.9
4.3
390.8
374.4
16.3
4.2
390.2
375.7
14.6
3.7
389.1
375.2
13.9
3.6
388.1
376.4
11.7
3.0
390.2
376.8
13.3
3.4
270.0
247.3
22.7
8.4
267.6
246.7
20.9
7.8
266.1
246.4
19.7
7.4
269.2
248.1
21.1
7.8
266.7
247.5
19.3
7.2
266.8
248.6
18.2
6.8
256.6
239.4
17.2
6.7
257.2
238.3
19.0
7.4
262.0
241.0
21.0
8.0
262.2
241.0
21.3
8.1
259.7
237.5
8.5
259.5
239.1
20.4
7.9
260.2
239.0
21.2
8.1
6,997.1
6,656.1
340.9
4.9
7,100.2
6,752.6
347.6
4.9
7,094.6
6,748.1
346.5
4.9
7,098.3
6,741.8
356.5
5.0
7,099.6
6,742.5
357.1
5.0
7,144.3
6,785.0
359.2
5.0
7,144.3
6,789.8
354.5
5.0
7,143.9
6,813.2
330.7
4.6
7,177.5
6,837.4
340.1
4.7
7,183.0
6,840.8
342.2
4.8
7.191.5
6.858.6
332.9
4.6
7,214.3
6,876.1
338.2
4.7
7.217.6
6.881.7
335.9
4.7
2,002.6
2,099.9
2,002.0
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ,
22.1
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
3,870.1
3,701.1
169.0
4.4
3,901.4
3,730.7
170.7
4.4
3,905.7
3,729.7
176.0
4.5
3,903.8
3,756.3
147.5
3.8
3,924.4
3,769.5
154.9
3.9
3,935.3
3,776.2
159.1
4.0
593.4
556.9
36.5
6.2
597.5
560.0
37.5
6.3
598.8
562.5
36.3
6.1
598.0
562.5
35.5
5.9
596.9
561.7
35.1
5.9
591.1
557.4
33.6
5.7
590.7
556.1
34.7
5.9
636.7
605.9
30.8
4.8
639.5
608.6
30.9
4.8
641.1
609.6
31.4
4.9
638.9
605.6
33.3
5.2
641.5
609.6
31.9
5.0
642.4
610.0
32.5
5.1
639.6
608.9
30.7
4.8
641.5
608.2
33.3
5.2
6,139.5
5,844.1
295.4
4.8
6,117.6
5,849.3
268.3
4.4
6,121.1
5,849.4
271.7
4.4
6,145.0
5,856.9
288.1
4.7
6,146.2
5,872.2
274.0
4.5
6,132.0
5,852.4
279.6
4.6
6,134.0
5,860.4
273.6
4.5
6,150.1
5,854.7
295.3
4.8
6,149.1
5,854.8
294.2
4.8
3,083.6
2,985.2
98.4
3.2
3,098.2
2,997.9
100.3
3.2
3,106.0
3,006.8
99.1
3.2
3,108.5
3,006.7
101.8
3.3
3,121.4
3,021.6
99.8
3.2
3,120.6
3,010.8
109.8
3.5
3,122.6
3,011.4
111.2
3.6
3,121.6
2,999.8
121.8
3.9
3,120.3
3,012.3
108.0
3.5
3,120.4
3,013.2
107.2
3.4
1,615.0
1,558.0
57.0
3.5
1,627.0
1,574.2
52.8
3.2
1,619.2
1,565.6
53.6
3.3
1,615.3
1,566.6
48.8
3.0
1,610.8
1,561.9
48.9
3.0
1,599.6
1,557.9
41.7
2.6
1,583.0
1,539.6
43.4
2.7
1,592.7
1,549.5
43.1
2.7
1,592.0
1,550.5
41.6
2.6
1,580.3
1,537.7
42.6
2.7
1,597.9
1,552.9
45.0
2.8
1,385.2
1,329.6
55.6
4.0
1,383.6
1,329.2
54.5
3.9
1,382.0
1,328.8
53.2
3.8
1,384.0
1,328.9
55.1
4.0
1,383.1
1,327.6
55.5
4.0
1,380.5
1,328.2
52.4
3.8
1,392.5
1,338.4
54.2
3.9
1,392.3
1,340.5
51.8
3.7
1,397.4
1,343.7
53.7
3.8
1,396.8
1.344.5
52.4
3.7
1,391.7
1,340.8
50.9
3.7
1,391.4
1,339.6
51.8
3.7
1,880.1
1,770.6
109.6
5.8
1,913.8
1,808.4
105.4
5.5
1,911.3
1,805.9
105.5
5.5
1,916.0
1,813.5
102.5
5.4
1,924.0
1,824.4
99.6
5.2
1,920.6
1,821.1
99.5
5.2
1,920.1
1,820.9
99.3
5.2
1,928.7
1,826.5
102.2
5.3
1,924.2
1,821.9
102.3
5.3
1,926.4
1,826.3
100.1
5.2
1,932.1
1,835.3
96.8
5.0
1,936.6
1,846.5
90.1
4.7
1,936.1
1,846.3
89.8
4.6
2,023.7
1,890.8
132.9
6.6
2,011.9
1,896.9
115.0
5.7
2,012.0
1,906.8
105.2
5.2
2,030.6
1,912.4
118.2
5.8
2,022.0
1,909.6
112.4
5.6
2,019.4
1,892.8
126.5
6.3
2,004.9
1,879.0
125.9
6.3
2,005.7
1,878.2
127.5
6.4
2,013.1
1,891.8
121.3
6.0
2,005.5
1,890.6
114.9
5.7
2,014.6
1,896.0
118.6
5.9
2,019.0
1,896.5
122.5
6.1
2,031.2
1,914.7
116.6
5.7
674.7
643.1
31.6
4.7
667.8
638.1
29.7
4.4
666.8
637.9
29.0
4.3
672.6
643.3
29.3
4.4
669.1
637.3
31.8
4.7
668.7
636.3
32.4
4.8
670.0
637.8
32.1
4.8
668.4
634.3
34.1
5.1
669.1
637.3
31.7
4.7
667.1
635.3
31.8
4.8
667.5
634.4
33.1
5.0
661.9
630.1
31.7
4.8
662.3
628.2
34.0
5.1
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
3,803.6
3,625.3
178.2
4.7
3,826.3
3,648.6
177.7
4.6
3,835.0
3,655.3
179.7
4.7
3,842.1
3,663.2
178.9
4.7
3,846.9
3,680.1
166.7
4.3
3,853.6
3,680.5
173.1
4.5
3,870.3
3,699.9
170.4
4.4
596.0
557.1
38.9
6.5
594.6
560.8
33.8
5.7
593.9
560.9
33.0
5.6
593.1
558.8
34.3
5.8
593.6
558.3
35.3
5.9
590.2
555.6
34.6
5.9
631.1
596.1
35.0
5.6
636.3
602.8
33.5
5.3
631.6
599.1
32.5
5.1
632.0
598.4
33.6
5.3
634.6
602.5
32.1
5.1
6,126.8
5,806.7
320.1
5.2
6,130.2
5,821.7
308.5
5.0
6,131.8
5,827.6
304.2
5.0
6,149.6
5,841.9
307.7
5.0
3,048.1
2,938.3
109.8
3.6
3,076.8
2,982.6
94.3
3.1
3,062.7
2,975.3
87.4
2.9
1,610.0
1,548.3
61.6
3.8
1,603.6
1,545.9
57.7
3.6
1,347.2
1,285.4
61.8
4.6
May
June
July
Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
2,775.8
2,644.7
131.1
4.7
2,762.2
2,637.7
124.5
4.5
2,764.8
2,634.6
130.2
4.7
2,765.0
2,636.0
128.9
4.7
2.771.8
2.642.1
129.6
4.7
2,775.7
2,643.4
132.2
4.8
3,226.3
3,098.5
127.8
4.0
3,235.1
3,110.0
125.2
3.9
3,244.5
3,105.8
138.8
4.3
3,244.4
3,114.1
130.3
4.0
3,250.0
3,128.5
121.4
3.7
3.262.1
3,134.1
127.9
3.9
3,260.0
3,134.9
125.1
3.8
4,875.5
4,678.3
197.2
4.0
4.866.3
4,669.6
196.7
4.0
4,863.3
4,673.5
189.8
3.9
4.846.4
4.665.5
180.9
3,7
4,862.4
4,665.7
196.7
4.0
4,891.1
4.699.3
191.8
3.9
4,909.3
4,712.0
197.3
4.0
4,920.6
4,725.9
194.7
4.0
2.656.2
2.566.3
89.9
3.4
2,659.0
2,571.2
87.7
3.3
2,657.5
2,573.0
84.5
3.2
2,668.1
2,586.2
81.9
3.1
2,675.7
2.589.2
86.5
3.2
2.675.0
2.589.1
85.9
3.2
2,677.3
2,590.7
86.5
3.2
2,681.1
2,603.4
77.7
2.9
2,679.8
2,604.6
75.2
2.8
1,279.8
1,205.2
74.6
5.8
1.273.1
1.209.2
64.0
5.0
1,272.1
1,209.1
63.1
5.0
1,265.9
1,202.9
63.0
5.0
1,273.5
1,210.0
63.6
5.0
1.274.9
1,204.9
70.0
5.5
1,281.3
1,205.2
76.1
5.9
1,285.9
1,207.7
78.2
6.1
1,289.1
1,216.0
73.1
5.7
1,280.7
1,216.9
63.8
5.0
2,873.8
2.747.6
126.1
4.4
2,857.0
2,737.8
119.2
4.2
2,863.5
2,736.5
127.1
4.4
2,861.5
2,745.5
116.0
4.1
2,857.2
2,746.9
110.3
3.9
2,852.7
2,750.4
102.4
3.6
2,853.9
2,752.3
101.6
3.6
2,865.5
2,750.9
114.6
4.0
2.878.4
2,759.9
118.5
4.1
2,870.6
2,758.0
112.6
3.9
2,865.3
2,750.7
114.6
4.0
454.4
432.5
21.9
4.8
453.0
432.4
20.7
4.6
456.0
433.5
22.5
4.9
456.7
432.4
24.3
5.3
459.0
436.5
22.5
4.9
458.4
435.5
23.0
5.0
460.8
437.3
23.5
5.1
465.7
442.1
23.6
5.1
463.5
440.7
22.8
4.9
464.4
441.1
23.3
5.0
463.8
439.5
24.3
5.2
465.6
440.6
25.0
5.4
916.5
890.6
26.0
2.8
921.1
898.4
22.7
2.5
918.7
896.3
22.3
2.4
919.8
898.0
21.7
2.4
917.3
899.2
18.1
2.0
919.9
898.6
21.3
2.3
919.0
897.0
22.0
2.4
922.8
900.6
22.2
2.4
922.8
899.7
23.2
2.5
925.2
901.1
24.1
2.6
926.2
905.0
21.2
2.3
926.5
908.9
17.6
1.9
929.3
914.1
15.3
1.6
864.8
817.5
47.3
5.5
881.7
841.1
40.6
4.6
883.9
844.3
39.6
4.5
884.4
844.9
39.5
4.5
887.6
847.7
39.9
4.5
889.3
850.5
38.8
4.4
896.8
856.4
40.4
4.5
901.9
861.8
40.1
4.4
903.8
863.7
40.2
4.4
910.1
870.1
40.0
4.4
904.5
866.7
37.8
4.2
904.0
867.4
36.6
4.0
902.2
867.0
35.2
3.9
620.1
595.9
24.2
3.9
647.3
626.7
20.6
3.2
648.5
626.7
21.8
3.4
640.9
627.5
13.4
2.1
643.9
626.8
17.1
2.7
648.9
630.9
18.1
2.8
651.3
632.3
19.0
2.9
655.8
636.2
19.6
3.0
653.1
635.3
17.8
2.7
652.3
634.1
18.2
2.8
654.5
636.0
18.5
2.8
654.8
634.7
20.1
3.1
652.8
634.9
17.9
2.7
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
2.806.5
2,679.4
127.2
4.5
2,759.1
2,632.6
126.5
4.6
2,760.2
2,634.8
125.5
4.5
2,764.3
2,639.6
124.7
4.5
2,772.3
2,640.3
132.1
4.8
2.779.8
2.648.5
131.3
4.7
2,776.0
2,644.7
131.3
4.7
3,200.6
3,075.2
125.4
3.9
3,216.6
3,085.8
130.9
4.1
3,213.8
3,092.6
121.2
3.8
3,217.0
3,089.7
127.3
4.0
3,234.1
3,101.4
132.7
4.1
3,236.6
3,099.6
137.0
4.2
4,845.3
4,612.9
232.4
4.8
4.887.8
4.647.9
239.9
4.9
4,891.4
4,671.6
219.8
4.5
4.880.3
4,671.9
208.4
4.3
4,874.0
4,661.4
212.6
4.4
2,613.8
2,511.2
102.6
3.9
2,648.4
2,555.8
92.6
3.5
2,650.3
2,570.7
79.6
3.0
2.652.3
2.571.4
80.9
3.1
1.262.7
1,189.3
73.4
5.8
1,269.4
1,199.1
70.4
5.5
1.277.8
1.205.9
71.9
5.6
2,925.5
2,784.1
141.4
4.8
2,865.6
2,739.1
126.5
4.4
449.3
427.7
21.6
4.8
July
Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Aug.
Sept.
4,158.1
3,934.9
223.2
5.4
4,143.2
3,928.1
215.1
5.2
4,147.1
3,924.9
222.3
5.4
822.1
769.2
52.9
6.4
825.3
772.7
52.6
6.4
826.4
776.0
50.4
6.1
8,750.5
8,195.8
554.7
6.3
8,759.9
8,208.8
551.0
6.3
8,774.8
8,213.8
560.9
6.4
3,817.3
3,695.5
121.9
3.2
3,819.8
3,687.0
132.8
3.5
3,796.9
3,657.8
139.1
3.7
347.1
337.6
9.6
2.8
347.6
337.5
10.0
2.9
350.9
339.4
11.5
3.3
5,792.0
5,474.5
317.5
5.5
5,753.7
5,482.1
271.5
4.7
5,755.2
5,480.6
274.6
4.8
1,602.1
1,540.8
61.4
3.8
1,606.0
1.551.8
54.2
3.4
1,601.1
1,544.3
56.8
3.5
1,743.1
1,633.3
109.8
6.3
1,731.0
1,636.2
94.8
5.5
1,704.1
1,608.7
95.4
5.6
5,934.7
5.647.4
287.2
4.8
5,959.2
5,681.5
277.6
4.7
500.7
475.9
24.9
5.0
497.9
473.4
24.5
4.9
Dec.
Jan.
4.152.1
3,900.6
251.6
6.1
Nov.
Dec.P
4,151.9
3,936.6
215.2
5.2
4,151.7
3,946.3
205.4
4.9
4,147.4
3,942.4
205.1
4.9
827.3
777.4
49.9
6.0
831.9
782.8
49.1
5.9
832.8
781.9
50.9
6.1
836.2
784.3
51.9
6.2
8,779.3
8,217.6
561.7
6.4
8,799.8
8,240.7
559.1
6.4
8,810.5
8,247.9
562.6
6.4
8,803.4
8,253.4
550.0
6.2
8,799.3
8,265.8
533.5
6.1
3,807.3
3,664.9
142.4
3.7
3,806.6
3,660.5
146.1
3.8
3,810.3
3,669.3
140.9
3.7
3,802.5
3,673.3
129.3
3.4
3,824.2
3,689.4
134.8
3.5
3,811.4
3,673.0
138.4
3.6
349.5
339.8
9.6
2.8
347.9
338.8
9.1
2.6
346.4
338.0
8.4
2.4
346.4
338.9
7.5
2.2
346.1
339.4
6.7
1.9
346.7
340.0
6.7
1.9
348.2
341.3
6.9
2.0
5,744.4
5,482.0
262.4
4.6
5,734.2
5,494.4
239.8
4.2
5,730.8
5,490.2
240.5
4.2
5,747.8
5,503.1
244.7
4.3
5,757.2
5.500.4
256.8
4.5
5,763.9
5,505.9
258.0
4.5
5,776.7
5,517.2
259.5
4.5
5,780.6
5,523.3
257.3
4.5
1,598.1
1,543.3
54.8
3.4
1,601.2
1,545.2
56.0
3.5
1,598.3
1,539.4
59.0
3.7
1,603.7
1,542.6
61.1
3.8
1,601.9
1,539.9
62.0
3.9
1.594.1
1.532.3
61.8
3.9
1,599.6
1,539.5
60.2
3.8
1,613.9
1,554.7
59.2
3.7
1,608.2
1,553.0
55.3
3.4
1,713.6
1,614.2
99.5
5.8
1,730.3
1,633.0
97.3
5.6
1,708.0
1,622.6
85.4
5.0
1,696.8
1,610.3
86.5
5.1
1,706.0
1,615.8
90.1
5.3
1,738.0
1,642.4
95.7
5.5
1,759.6
1,664.3
95.4
5.4
1,774.3
1,683.3
91.0
5.1
1,774.5
1,680.1
94.4
5.3
1,788.1
1,693.9
94.3
5.3
5,980.9
5,686.8
294.2
4.9
5,980.6
5.678.3
302.2
5.1
5,978.0
5,664.6
313.4
5.2
6,004.3
5,694.3
309.9
5.2
5,993.0
5,670.4
322.5
5.4
6,008.4
5,690.2
318.2
5.3
6,002.3
5,686.0
316.3
5.3
5,998.3
5,681.9
316.3
5.3
5,958.2
5,671.1
287.1
4.8
5,983.7
5,695.2
288.5
4.8
6,010.6
5,724.2
286.5
4.8
495.3
472.2
23.1
4.7
498.2
473.9
24.3
4.9
500.7
474.8
25.8
5.2
501.3
472.8
28.5
5.7
503.1
473.5
29.6
5.9
504.3
476.5
27.9
5.5
506.6
481.5
25.0
4.9
508.8
483.9
24.9
4.9
508.4
482.7
25.7
5.1
506.2
481.7
24.5
4.8
507.0
483.0
24.0
4.7
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
4,145.0
3,898.7
246.4
5.9
4,142.7
3,912.7
230.0
5.6
4,132.6
3,905.5
227.0
5.5
4,139.1
3.924.1
215.0
5.2
4,135.8
3,914.5
221.3
5.4
4,141.9
3,915.2
226.7
5.5
802.3
736.8
65.5
8.2
818.7
765.0
53.7
6.6
816.3
763.0
53.2
6.5
814.2
760.9
53.3
6.5
817.4
765.0
52.4
6.4
820.3
768.8
51.5
6.3
8,686.6
8,147.1
539.5
6.2
8,677.2
8,129.5
547.6
6.3
8,691.9
8,144.7
547.2
6.3
8,705.9
8,157.1
548.8
6.3
8,715.9
8,165.0
550.8
6.3
3,860.4
3.697.4
163.0
4.2
3,821.4
3,674.6
146.8
3.8
3,794.0
3,654.9
139.1
3.7
3,818.0
3,684.5
133.5
3.5
346.9
335.9
11.0
3.2
347.0
336.4
10.7
3.1
347.2
338.1
9.0
2.6
5,672.2
5,389.0
283.2
5.0
5,769.4
5,478.3
291.1
5.0
1,590.1
1,528.8
61.3
3.9
July
Oct.
New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
State
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.P
1,846.0
1,733.7
112.3
6.1
1,886.4
1,782.0
104.5
5.5
1,885.8
1,782.1
103.7
5.5
1,893.7
1,794.1
99.6
5.3
1,886.2
1,798.8
87.4
4.6
1,892.0
91.1
4.8
1,904.8
1,807.8
96.9
5.1
1,904.7
1,817.2
87.5
4.6
1,911.6
1,821.0
90.6
4.7
1,902.3
1,814.6
87.7
4.6
1,889.3
1,822.2
67.1
3.6
1,886.9
1,821.1
65.8
3.5
1,891.6
1,822.4
69.3
3.7
392.3
379.3
13.0
3.3
391.4
379.2
12.2
3.1
390.1
379.3
10.7
2.7
390.7
379.5
11.2
2.9
389.7
379.1
10.6
2.7
391.3
380.9
10.4
2.7
391.5
380.5
10.9
2.8
391.4
380.6
10.8
2.8
391.6
381.1
10.5
2.7
390.7
380.6
10.1
2.6
392.2
381.8
10.4
2.6
393.0
382.2
10.8
2.8
394.6
383.7
11.0
2.8
2,769.8
2,629.0
140.8
5.1
2,758.9
2,619.5
139.4
5.1
2,758.7
2,621.7
137.0
5.0
2,755.8
2,613.6
142.2
5.2
2,761.7
2,622.1
139.6
5.1
2,753.0
2,617.6
135.4
4.9
2,758.9
2,613.5
145.4
5.3
2,771.1
2,619.1
152.0
5.5
2,758.8
2,617.3
141.5
5.1
2,763.2
2,613.5
149.7
5.4
2,758.3
2,619.2
139.1
5.0
2,760.4
2,619.9
140.5
5.1
2,768.1
2,628.5
139.6
5.0
9,806.5
9,286.9
519.6
5.3
9,883.4
9,348.2
535.3
5.4
9,918.4
9,357.7
560.6
5.7
9,935.6
9,354.0
581.6
5.9
9,907.1
9,361.7
545.4
5.5
9,931.8
9,394.0
537.8
5.4
9,932.8
9,395.4
537.4
5.4
9,941.2
9,394.4
546.8
5.5
9,941.2
9,405.0
536.2
5.4
9,969.7
9,444.3
525.4
5.3
9,995.2
9,457.8
537.4
5.4
9,977.8
9,474.5
503.3
5.0
9,966.6
9,486.6
480.0
4.8
1,013.0
979.0
33.9
3.4
1,034.5
1,001.7
32.8
3.2
1,037.2
1,004.1
33.1
3.2
1,041.1
1,011.6
29.6
2.8
1,046.7
1,014.9
31.8
3.0
1.048.8
1,017.0
31.8
3.0
1,047.6
1,014.6
33.0
3.1
1,050.3
1,018.8
31.6
3.0
1,054.3
1,021.5
32.8
3.1
1,055.9
1,026.2
29.7
2.8
1,063.2
1,031.2
32.1
3.0
1,063.2
1,032.7
30.5
2.9
1,063.3
1,033.8
29.5
2.8
325.8
310.9
14.9
4.6
328.0
315.0
12.9
3.9
329.0
316.1
12.9
3.9
328.5
315.6
12.9
3.9
328.0
315.3
12.7
3.9
328.4
315.8
12.6
3.8
328.9
316.5
12.4
3.8
329.3
316.8
12.5
3.8
331.1
318.4
12.7
3.8
329.9
317.6
12.3
3.7
332.4
320.0
12.4
3.7
333.4
321.5
11.9
3.6
333.5
320.9
12.6
3.8
3,370.6
3,227.4
143.2
4.2
3,518.2
3,375.1
143.1
4.1
3,514.8
3,366.2
148.6
4.2
3,521.0
3,373.4
147.6
4.2
3,525.3
3,371.5
153.8
4.4
3,525.2
3,374.4
150.9
4.3
3,521.2
3,370.5
150.7
4.3
3,534.0
3,385.5
148.5
4.2
3,538.0
3,389.4
148.6
4.2
3.538.7
3.396.8
141.9
4.0
3.532.3
3.405.4
126.8
3.6
3,536.9
3,409.0
127.9
3.6
3,533.3
3,415.7
117.5
3.3
2,908.3
2,725.2
183.1
6.3
2,918.8
2,753.1
165.7
5.7
2,917.7
2,771.4
146.2
5.0
2,931.2
2,788.4
142.8
4.9
2,946.5
2,795.9
150.6
5.1
2,943.5
2,802.7
140.9
4.8
2,950.9
2,807.2
143.8
4.9
2,978.9
2,836.8
142.1
4.8
2,989.9
2,839.0
150.9
5.0
2,994.3
2,836.9
157.4
5.3
2,989.3
2,857.8
131.4
4.4
2,994.4
2,869.7
124.7
4.2
3,030.3
2,897.7
132.6
4.4
814.1
753.5
60.6
7.4
803.3
745.9
57.4
7.1
807.8
747.0
7.5
804.8
748.5
56.3
7.0
809.5
749.1
60.4
7.5
796.1
748.3
47.9
6.0
802.3
750.9
51.3
6.4
806.6
752.9
53.7
6.7
803.4
749.3
54.1
6.7
798.1
747.5
50.6
6.3
801.8
749.5
52.3
6.5
802.5
749.6
52.8
6.6
798.7
748.0
50.7
6.4
2,944.3
2,842.6
101.7
3.5
2,928.9
2,822.5
106.4
3.6
2,926.7
2,824.7
102.1
3.5
2,918.2
2,816.9
101.4
3.5
2,919.5
2,819.3
100.2
3.4
2.914.7
2.815.8
98.9
3.4
2,921.4
2,816.7
104.7
3.6
2,931.6
2,820.9
110.7
3.8
2.935.2
2.829.3
105.9
3.6
2,942.0
2,832.8
109.2
3.7
2,940.8
2,841.4
99.5
3.4
2,959.3
2,857.3
102.0
3.4
2,967.4
2,865.9
101.5
3.4
258.1
245.1
13.1
5.1
256.7
245.0
11.8
4.6
256.1
244.8
11.3
4.4
256.2
244.8
11.5
4.5
257.6
244.9
12.7
4.9
257.0
244.8
12.3
4.8
257.5
244.8
12.7
4.9
258.1
245.5
12.6
4.9
256.6
244.9
11.7
4.6
256.3
245.4
10.9
4.3
257.4
246.5
10.9
4.2
256.9
246.1
10.8
4.2
257.8
246.2
11.6
4.5
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,801.0
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and wilt be
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
81.6
11.7
3.9
9.3
4.9
1.9
3.8
2.4
2.3
3.6
3.2
2.4
4.4
3.0
2.6
4.0
3.6
2.7
3.8
2.5
2.3
3.4
3.0
2.4
24.3
8.2
23.8
7.3
8.4
5.3
7.5
5.7
7.4
5.0
112.7
49.5
13.4
91.9
40.4
11.0
86.1
38.5
10.8
5.0
3.4
3.5
4.0
2.6
2.9
3.7
2.5
2.9
1,233.5
142.6
94.5
297.8
36.6
65.7
3.9
5.0
11.2
2.8
52.9
3.6
4.7
9.9
2.3
62.2
4.4
4.8
10.9
2.6
5.3
2.8
5.2
3.8
7.7
4.3
2.5
4.9
3.3
6.1
5.0
3.1
5.1
3.7
7.0
15,951.1
296.2
416.0
4,491.1
200.1
1,168.0
1,383.4
1,361.2
743.0
186.7
1,261.3
931.8
938.1
194.2
239.1
243.7
236.7
386.2
15,951.0
295.8
419.5
4,550.7
195.7
1,161.7
1,381.8
1,353.3
739.4
186.4
1,256.1
930.8
936.6
191.9
237.3
238.8
234.8
384.2
979.0
34.4
55.1
308.3
25.3
45.1
42.4
83.1
36.4
24.5
50.0
26.8
26.8
10.5
8.2
26.0
14.9
24.6
920.8
35.2
58.4
275.3
24.4
43.3
38.8
82.7
34.7
18.6
45.4
26.6
23.8
9.8
7.9
26.2
13.2
25.7
880.1
34.7
58.1
265.5
23.3
38.5
34.7
72.1
32.6
27.1
39.5
23.8
21.6
9.6
7.3
25.6
12.0
21.8
6.3
12.2
13.1
7.0
13.1
3.9
3.1
6.3
5.0
13.7
4.1
2.9
3.0
5.5
3.6
11.1
6.5
6.4
5.8
11.9
14.0
6.1
12.2
3.7
2.8
6.1
4.7
10.0
3.6
2.9
2.5
5.1
3.3
10.8
5.6
6.7
5.5
11.7
13.9
5.8
11.9
3.3
2.5
5.3
4.4
14.6
3.1
2.6
2.3
5.0
3.1
10.7
5.1
5.7
2,098.6
163.1
237.9
1,047.8
2,214.7
173.5
255.2
1,108.1
2,196.4
170.9
251.9
1,095.1
76.5
5.2
9.2
34.0
66.2
4.4
8.4
28.7
58.7
3.6
7.1
24.8
3.6
3.2
3.9
3.2
3.0
2.5
3.3
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.8
2.3
1,708.4
218.5
107.8
584.2
270.0
152.8
191.6
116.2
1,724.9
219.0
107.1
590.8
272.4
155.8
193.1
119.5
1,707.4
216.2
106.3
585.0
269.1
153.8
192.2
118.6
94.6
14.3
3.9
34.1
15.0
9.1
6.7
7.2
74.1
11.3
2.9
26.1
11.6
7.9
5.5
5.5
72.1
10.7
2.7
26.1
11.2
7.4
5.2
5.5
5.5
6.6
3.6
5.8
5.5
6.0
3.5
6.2
4.3
5.1
2.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
2.9
4.6
4.2
5.0
2.6
4.5
4.2
4.8
2.7
4.7
384.1
69.4
289.8
389.7
71.3
290.2
389.5
71.9
290.0
18.3
3.1
15.8
10.7
2.1
9.3
11.5
2.3
9.6
4.8
4.4
5.5
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.3
District of Columbia
Washington
267.9
2,534.7
258.3
2,568.6
258.2
2,560.9
21.1
86.3
19.9
85.9
19.9
80.7
7.9
3.4
7.7
3.3
7.7
3.1
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,982.2
187.4
737.8
171.5
100.6
515.0
198.6
194.8
1,034.5
786.1
166.2
246.4
142.5
1,105.6
471.5
7,216.8
192.0
764.8
172.6
105.0
536.2
201.5
200.9
1,055.5
825.6
172.7
260.9
147.2
1,145.7
489.5
7,193.9
190.5
763.5
172.7
103.8
532.5
202.1
199.0
1,047.2
825.9
171.8
260.8
145.7
1,144.8
486.9
313.8
7.2
33.7
5.4
2.6
16.9
10.6
8.9
70.7
25.4
6.2
6.7
4.0
37.4
26.4
333.8
7.4
37.5
5.7
2.7
18.7
11.2
9.1
73.7
27.5
6.5
6.9
4.4
39.5
28.7
305.3
6.8
34.0
5.3
2.5
16.9
10.0
8.3
67.4
25.0
6.2
6.4
4.1
37.2
25.4
4.5
3.9
4.6
3.1
2.6
3.3
5.3
4.6
6.8
3.2
3.7
2.7
2.8
3.4
5.6
4.6
3.8
4.9
3.3
2.6
3.5
5.6
4.5
7.0
3.3
3.8
2.6
3.0
3.4
5.9
4.2
3.6
4.5
3.1
2.4
3.2
5.0
4.2
6.4
3.0
3.6
2.4
2.8
3.3
5.2
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
2,100.0
454.8
164.3
259.2
159.0
79.2
2,143.1
465.8
168.8
270.4
161.8
82.2
2,134.4
466.2
168.4
269.5
161.8
81.4
80.1
10.7
3.8
9.4
5.0
1.9
94.2
14.0
4.4
10.8
5.8
2.3
316.8
142.6
322.9
143.9
321.8
145.1
26.5
7.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
2,258.3
1,474.9
382.5
2,311.4
1,526.8
382.0
2,302.1
1,527.1
379.3
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,228.2
139.6
95.0
297.6
37.1
1,238.3
143.7
95.4
299.9
36.7
15,578.7
281.3
418.9
4,404.2
193.2
1,143.5
1,348.4
1,321.6
724.5
178.9
1,232.6
921.3
904.2
191.6
231.2
233.2
230.1
382.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
Dec.
1997P
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Percent of labor force
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
148.2
3.6
2.1
62.4
10.3
5.4
6.4
5.2
4.4
5.3
2.8
3.7
5.9
4.6
4.3
4.6
3.7
5.8
2.5
3.0
5.0
4.7
4.0
3.8
3.8
6.1
2.9
3.0
5.1
4.5
4.1
3.9
33.3
20.5
30.5
18.3
5.7
4.7
5.6
4.8
5.2
4.3
36.5
8.4
28.8
7.3
34.9
8.4
5.8
4.0
4.5
3.3
5.5
3.8
6,144.3
81.6
93.9
4,103.3
183.4
58.7
53.0
178.1
194.5
106.4
305.5
2.0
2.7
195.7
8.1
4.6
3.0
9.2
8.8
4.5
263.1
1.9
2.3
170.1
5.4
3.6
2.5
7.0
7.0
4.2
283.6
2.3
2.5
178.3
6.0
3.6
2.9
7.5
8.3
4.6
5.0
2.5
2.9
4.8
4.3
7.8
5.8
5.2
4.5
4.2
4.3
2.3
2.5
4.1
2.9
6.1
4.8
3.9
3.6
3.9
4.6
2.8
2.6
4.3
3.3
6.2
5.4
4.2
4.2
4.3
3,121.4
64.8
94.9
157.2
265.6
303.6
830.6
53.8
92.3
64.4
139.6
75.4
3,097.2
61.9
93.9
155.1
264.3
301.3
826.6
54.0
90.9
64.0
139.2
74.6
105.7
1.2
3.8
5.8
7.4
12.3
21.2
1.6
2.1
2.4
4.5
4.2
100.3
1.3
3.1
5.8
6.7
11.7
21.3
1.5
2.2
2.1
4.3
4.0
104.3
1.4
3.2
5.6
6.9
11.8
23.0
1.8
2.2
2.4
4.3
4.1
3.5
2.0
4.1
3.8
2.8
4.1
2.6
3.1
2.4
3.9
3.3
5.6
3.2
2.0
3.3
3.7
2.5
3.8
2.6
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.1
5.2
3.4
2.3
3.4
3.6
2.6
3.9
2.8
3.3
2.5
3.7
3.1
5.5
1,602.5
111.6
260.0
50.5
66.3
67.0
69.7
1,588.8
110.5
256.4
49.4
65.9
65.5
69.0
1,589.8
110.5
257.1
49.9
65.3
65.3
68.6
61.3
3.2
8.1
2.5
1.8
2.4
3.1
41.0
2.1
5.2
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.2
45.8
2.3
5.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
2.4
3.8
2.9
3.1
4.9
2.7
3.5
4.4
2.6
1.9
2.0
2.8
2.1
2.7
3.2
2.9
2.1
2.2
3.4
2.0
2.7
3.5
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,343.5
51.4
89.7
268.8
1,396.9
52.8
90.0
280.6
1,388.2
52.2
89.6
278.5
56.4
2.2
4.9
10.0
50.7
2.1
4.4
8.9
47.3
1.9
4.3
7.6
4.2
4.3
5.5
3.7
3.6
3.9
4.9
3.2
3.4
3.7
4.8
2.7
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,877.7
245.0
532.1
47.9
1,944.3
259.8
559.6
50.7
1,933.3
258.1
553.0
50.7
101.5
6.1
22.6
2.5
87.7
5.4
21.0
2.1
84.3
5.6
17.0
2.0
5.4
2.5
4.2
5.1
4.5
2.1
3.8
4.1
4.4
2.2
3.1
4.0
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City.
1,995.1
58.9
289.4
84.3
168.1
90.1
68.5
610.8
184.7
2,017.7
57.9
302.4
89.0
174.2
89.3
70.2
617.1
186.3
2,002.7
57.5
298.5
88.8
172.5
88.4
69.6
610.5
186.3
122.4
3.8
14.6
3.1
8.4
6.0
4.1
34.1
12.3
113.1
3.3
13.9
2.6
9.7
5.3
4.2
31.3
11.3
106.9
3.2
12.7
2.4
8.9
4.9
3.8
28.3
10.7
6.1
6.4
5.0
3.7
5.0
6.6
6.1
5.6
6.7
5.6
5.8
4.6
2.9
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.1
6.1
5.3
5.5
4.3
2.8
5.2
5.6
5.5
4.6
5.8
665.3
53.2
135.6
656.5
53.3
132.3
654.1
53.1
132.7
29.7
2.3
2.9
32.0
2.6
3.4
32.2
2.4
3.2
4.5
4.4
2.1
4.9
4.9
2.6
4.9
4.5
2.4
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
3,817.6
56.6
72.8
2,015.1
204.3
118.6
150.2
133.8
3,942.6
59.1
73.6
2,097.0
205.0
121.8
153.3
134.7
3,943.2
59.0
73.5
2,091.5
203.8
121.8
153.1
134.2
166.9
3.0
2.0
74.0
12.1
5.4
6.4
6.2
146.7
3.5
1.8
62.2
10.2
5.8
6.1
5.1
Hawaii
Honolulu
595.0
429.4
593.5
428.6
590.5
426.2
33.9
20.0
Idaho .
Boise City
628.0
211.5
639.7
218.3
638.4
218.6
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
6,118.2
80.1
94.2
4,075.1
185.3
59.6
52.0
179.1
194.5
105.7
6,153.0
81.1
94.6
4,111.1
183.2
58.9
52.9
179.4
193.7
106.2
Indiana
Bloom ington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
3,032.2
59.7
92.7
152.3
259.6
297.2
809.3
51.9
86.1
61.8
135.1
74.1
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Dec.
1997P
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percejnt of labor force
Number
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
122.7
61.3
4.2
4.5
4.6
5.0
4.5
4.7
113.6
3.7
54.0
5.0
3.0
9.4
5.5
5.1
1.8
10.8
8.0
110.3
4.0
50.0
4.8
2.8
8.5
5.3
5.4
1.9
11.0
7.7
3.5
5.7
2.9
4.0
4.2
5.0
3.4
7.1
4.8
3.6
3.1
3.5
5.2
3.0
3.9
4.4
4.7
3.4
6.3
4.3
3.8
3.2
3.4
5.8
2.8
3.7
4.0
4.3
3.3
6.6
4.6
3.9
3.0
206.4
7.3
4.2
83.3
10.3
18.9
3.2
8.5
7.1
8.3
174.1
5.7
3.7
70.4
9.2
16.7
3.0
7.8
6.2
7.2
170.8
5.7
3.3
67.8
8.8
15.8
2.9
7.4
6.3
7.4
4.3
2.6
5.2
3.8
5.1
3.4
4.3
3.8
3.0
4.3
3.5
2.0
4.4
3.2
4.6
2.9
4.0
3.4
2.6
3.7
3.5
2.0
4.0
3.1
4.3
2.7
3.9
3.3
2.7
3.8
2,654.4
124.7
1,658.4
66.4
94.4
95.1
5.9
42.3
1.5
4.4
67.9
5.3
32.9
1.0
2.7
69.0
4.8
31.4
1.0
3.0
3.7
4.8
2.6
2.4
4.7
2.5
4.2
2.0
1.5
2.8
2.6
3.8
1.9
1.6
3.2
1,285.9
230.5
1,279.0
230.6
60.9
5.6
63.6
7.2
52.3
5.5
4.8
2.5
4.9
3.1
4.1
2.4
2,923.5
954.0
1,382.3
173.8
2,869.8
964.4
1,352.9
168.7
2,871.5
962.0
1,356.5
167.6
136.8
37.7
58.9
6.5
102.1
31.9
49.0
4.8
111.9
31.6
52.6
5.1
4.7
3.9
4.3
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.6
2.9
3.9
3.3
3.9
3.0
Montana
443.1
460.0
459.4
23.2
23.6
26.4
5.2
5.1
5.7
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
907.7
139.3
372.1
927.4
145.1
391.1
921.0
143.6
387.9
24.2
3.0
10.4
15.6
1.8
7.3
14.4
1.6
6.6
2.7
2.2
2.8
1.7
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.1
1.7
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
863.0
652.7
168.3
904.8
689.1
173.6
899.9
686.2
171.9
45.2
34.3
8.0
34.7
26.5
5.6
34.0
25.5
5.6
5.2
5.3
4.8
3.8
3.8
3.2
3.8
3.7
3.3
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
618.6
96.0
93.8
118.4
654.8
101.0
103.4
122.5
650.2
100.9
102.7
121.2
23.0
3.1
3.1
3.8
19.8
2.5
2.7
3.1
17.5
2.3
2.5
2.7
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.5
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.3
2.5
2.2
4,151.6
170.0
679.5
290.2
623.1
508.5
1,014.2
170.0
64.8
4,157.5
172.7
675.2
289.9
630.1
510.4
1,016.2
169.1
65.9
4,150.8
171.2
673.3
289.5
629.4
506.7
1,018.5
169.0
65.8
238.1
17.5
39.3
25.0
24.9
27.0
55.5
8.7
6.6
194.8
15.2
30.7
20.2
20.7
23.0
46.8
6.9
5.4
195.1
16.2
30.4
20.8
19.9
23.1
46.1
6.9
5.9
5.7
10.3
5.8
8.6
4.0
5.3
5.5
5.1
10.1
4.7
8.8
4.5
7.0
3.3
4.5
4.6
4.1
8.1
4.7
9.5
4.5
7.2
3.2
4.6
4.5
4.1
8.9
798.4
346.4
66.3
71.4
835.5
365.3
69.6
73.6
832.1
365.0
68.3
73.0
61.1
17.4
6.4
3.4
47.9
14.7
5.1
2.6
48.4
14.5
5.1
2.6
7.7
5.0
9.6
4.8
5.7
4.0
7.3
3.5
5.8
4.0
7.5
3.5
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore
2,785.1
1,311.0
2,774.9
1,310.6
2,755.8
1,299.4
117.9
59.2
127.6
65.5
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,195.9
67.9
1,779.9
127.3
68.5
192.3
155.3
80.6
39.8
279.5
248.1
3,263.3
70.6
1,821.7
129.4
69.3
200.1
161.0
81.6
40.5
282.5
253.8
3,251.5
69.7
1,816.0
128.2
69.2
198.3
161.1
81.4
40.4
280.8
252.8
112.0
3.8
52.0
5.1
2.9
9.6
5.3
5.7
1.9
10.2
7.7
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-I^idland
4,828.1
282.4
81.7
2,172.0
202.2
560.5
74.3
223.6
237.2
193.0
4,914.5
286.4
83.2
2,211.5
202.2
575.8
75.2
226.1
239.5
196.4
4,901.4
285.9
82.1
2,211.7
201.8
575.5
74.8
224.4
238.2
195.7
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,591.6
123.6
1,615.3
63.8
93.0
2,687.0
127.1
1,676.3
67.0
95.0
Mississippi
Jackson
1,261.4
224.7
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
Dec.
1997P
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Eimira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,660.0
443.8
122.5
570.1
118.0
45.0
59.4
1,369.8
3,969.1
3,339.3
168.9
564.0
362.0
139.7
8,784.7
452.5
126.8
579.9
119.1
44.6
60.5
1,403.7
3,990.2
3,352.0
169.5
578.1
367.7
143.1
8,766.8
450.6
126.6
579.0
119.0
44.9
60.0
1,406.3
3,988.7
3,350.3
168.2
574.5
365.6
141.4
508.6
17.1
4.8
25.7
4.1
1.6
3.8
45.3
314.9
293.9
6.0
19.6
15.7
6.6
521.0
18.2
4.9
30.3
4.2
2.0
4.3
50.7
307.1
285.3
6.4
22.6
16.5
7.4
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-HIgh Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,840.9
111.4
745.2
640.6
587.4
3,835.3
112.6
740.9
632.2
596.8
3,801.6
111.6
735.2
626.6
592.0
146.5
3.3
24.3
17.7
12.0
340.4
52.1
98.2
55.0
342.5
52.4
101.6
57.4
341.3
52.2
101.4
57.0
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,666.1
362.7
202.0
820.1
1,111.1
800.2
477.6
168.0
76.1
84.3
57.0
316.8
282.8
5,799.0
368.8
206.7
843.4
1,138.1
823.5
486.0
172.3
77.5
87.0
58.0
320.2
287.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,579.5
26.6
40.6
520.8
389.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick
Percent of labor force
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
499.7
17.9
5.1
30.3
4.0
1.9
4.4
47.2
287.2
267.0
6.0
23.0
16.4
7.4
5.9
3.8
4.0
4.5
3.5
3.6
6.5
3.3
7.9
8.8
3.6
3.5
4.3
4.7
5.9
4.0
3.9
5.2
3.5
4.4
7.0
3.6
7.7
8.5
3.8
3.9
4.5
5.2
5.7
4.0
4.1
5.2
3.4
4.1
7.3
3.4
7.2
8.0
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.2
131.1
2.7
19.6
17.0
11.0
125.0
2.7
17.4
15.5
9.8
3.8
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.0
3.4
2.4
2.6
2.7
1.8
3.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
1.6
11.7
1.9
2.3
1.7
6.5
1.0
1.2
1.2
7.3
1.2
1.5
1.2
3.4
3.6
2.4
3.1
1.9
1.9
1.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.5
2.2
5,765.1
367.3
205.7
840.8
1,132.8
820.2
482.1
170.6
77.7
86.2
57.5
317.5
285.7
273.3
17.6
10.3
30.5
59.5
23.3
20.2
6.1
4.4
5.0
4.0
14.1
16.9
248.7
14.4
8.8
29.1
52.1
22.1
18.4
6.1
3.4
5.2
4.6
14.6
15.8
247.3
15.2
8.8
28.1
50.4
21.2
17.6
5.8
3.7
4.8
4.3
14.1
16.4
4.8
4.8
5.1
3.7
5.4
2.9
4.2
3.6
5.8
5.9
7.0
4.5
6.0
4.3
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.6
2.7
3.8
3.5
4.3
6.0
7.9
4.5
5.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.3
4.4
2.6
3.7
3.4
4.7
5.6
7.5
4.4
5.7
1,617.0
27.3
41.5
531.2
401.9
1,598.1
26.9
40.9
525.2
397.6
59.6
0.8
1.9
15.6
11.8
56.0
0.8
1.7
15.2
11.5
54.5
0.8
1.6
14.5
11.0
3.8
2.9
4.8
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.9
4.1
2.9
2.9
3.4
2.9
3.9
2.8
2.8
1,721.4
159.3
87.2
1,011.5
161.7
1,771.4
164.8
88.4
1,047.0
165.3
1,770.3
164.6
88.9
1,053.1
164.2
106.3
9.5
7.1
44.9
10.0
90.2
8.2
5.3
39.9
8.4
91.3
8.4
5.1
39.3
8.8
6.2
6.0
8.1
4.4
6.2
5.1
5.0
6.0
3.8
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.8
3.7
5.4
5,929.9
302.4
62.6
138.9
348.8
104.6
240.1
2,479.7
1,151.7
181.9
311.1
55.9
66.7
59.0
193.5
6,009.4
306.5
62.9
141.5
354.4
106.3
244.3
2,510.3
1,159.2
186.4
314.8
57.4
69.7
60.5
195.3
6,000.8
306.0
62.9
140.9
355.2
105.9
243.3
2,508.2
1,159.7
185.7
314.6
57.3
68.7
60.1
195.3
257.9
12.6
3.0
6.7
8.8
7.3
5.9
108.9
46.9
6.0
19.0
2.3
1.8
3.4
6.3
275.1
13.2
3.2
7.1
10.2
7.4
6.9
110.6
49.3
7.0
20.3
2.1
1.7
3.6
6.8
253.7
11.9
3.1
6.8
9.4
7.2
6.2
97.3
47.4
6.1
19.6
2.1
2.1
3.7
6.0
4.3
4.2
4.8
4.8
2.5
7.0
2.4
4.4
4.1
3.3
6.1
4.1
2.7
5.7
3.3
4.6
4.3
5.0
5.0
2.9
6.9
2.8
4.4
4.3
3.7
6.4
3.6
2.4
6.0
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.9
4.8
2.7
6.8
2.6
3.9
4.1
3.3
6.2
3.6
3.0
6.2
3.1
501.5
574.8
510.9
583.7
508.5
582.1
23.2
27.7
22.4
26.3
22.6
26.9
4.6
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.6
Dec.
1997P
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
Percejnt of labor force
Dec.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
Nov.
Dec.
1996
1997
1997P
1996
1997
1997P
1996
1997
1997P
1,816.5
237.9
256.0
465.0
1,876.3
250.3
271.3
487.0
1,863.9
248.7
270.5
485.0
100.0
11.4
8.8
17.9
59.9
6.5
5.1
9.8
59.1
6.3
4.8
9.6
5.5
4.8
3.4
3.9
3.2
2.6
1.9
2.0
3.2
2.5
1.8
2.0
384.2
45.2
93.4
391.8
47.0
97.4
386.7
46.3
96.7
12.7
1.5
2.0
10.1
1.3
1.5
10.7
1.2
1.6
3.3
3.4
2.1
2.6
2.7
1.6
2.8
2.6
1.7
2,755.1
219.2
226.4
347.7
541.1
624.7
2,796.4
225.0
230.8
348.7
548.5
638.6
2,756.1
221.7
228.9
343.8
542.5
631.3
118.0
8.4
8.8
12.4
19.5
17.5
134.7
10.6
10.7
13.6
23.9
20.5
116.3
9.1
9.9
11.8
20.3
16.9
4.3
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.6
2.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
3.9
4.4
3.2
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.7
2.7
9,816.5
60.9
113.7
640.3
180.1
106.8
123.4
71.4
180.6
1,787.1
290.8
843.9
125.7
2,034.3
113.0
69.1
103.0
122.8
191.7
119.9
50.8
733.7
49.5
57.2
87.8
42.3
100.0
65.8
10,013.1
61.1
115.7
647.8
181.6
107.9
128.8
72.5
180.4
1,841.8
291.4
868.9
127.2
2,068.2
116.7
71.3
103.2
126.6
199.8
121.7
50.6
751.5
49.8
57.1
89.3
42.7
102.6
65.8
9,978.5
60.6
115.2
643.7
181.2
107.0
127.5
72.3
180.4
1,836.8
288.7
868.1
126.1
2,064.8
115.9
71.2
102.3
125.8
201.5
120.8
50.2
748.8
49.6
56.5
89.0
42.4
101.9
65.5
483.5
2.2
4.2
18.9
14.1
7.0
13.5
1.5
13.8
59.9
30.2
26.8
10.0
95.0
4.8
7.3
6.8
3.7
33.9
5.5
1.5
25.9
2.0
4.0
4.8
1.9
3.7
2.5
491.2
2.1
3.7
18.8
13.7
6.9
15.9
1.3
11.5
63.0
29.4
28.3
9.1
91.8
5.6
6.5
7.3
4.3
35.6
5.3
1.6
28.8
1.9
4.2
5.3
1.7
4.3
2.8
444.5
1.8
3.3
16.8
12.7
6.2
14.4
1.2
10.9
55.5
25.8
25.4
8.1
81.4
4.8
6.1
6.6
3.8
35.7
4.6
1.4
25.1
1.7
3.7
4.7
1.6
3.9
2.6
4.9
3.6
3.7
2.9
7.8
6.6
11.0
2.1
7.6
3.4
10.4
3.2
8.0
4.7
4.3
10.6
6.6
3.0
17.7
4.6
2.9
3.5
3.9
7.0
5.5
4.4
3.7
3.8
4.9
3.5
3.2
2.9
7.6
6.4
12.3
1.8
6.4
3.4
10.1
3.3
7.1
4.4
4.8
9.2
7.1
3.4
17.8
4.3
3.1
3.8
3.8
7.3
6.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.5
3.0
2.9
2.6
7.0
5.8
11.3
1.6
6.0
3.0
8.9
2.9
6.4
3.9
4.2
8.5
6.4
3.0
17.7
3.8
2.7
3.3
3.5
6.6
5.3
3.7
3.8
4.0
1,014.4
151.0
651.8
1,069.7
159.5
689.3
1,063.9
160.6
683.4
29.7
3.6
17.5
30.8
3.6
19.4
26.0
3.1
16.1
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.3
2.8
2.4
1.9
2.3
325.4
97.5
333.3
101.9
332.6
101.2
13.8
2.8
12.1
2.4
12.0
2.4
4.2
2.9
3.6
2.4
3.6
2.4
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,335.8
71.0
55.5
101.4
709.0
481.1
125.5
3,518.9
75.6
57.6
106.9
736.7
512.0
132.5
3,497.9
75.1
57.3
106.0
728.9
510.5
131.6
135.0
1.8
3.3
3.6
32.4
17.2
3.3
120.1
1.3
2.9
3.2
30.3
16.0
3.5
109.6
1.1
2.9
3.0
26.6
14.0
3.0
4.0
2.5
6.0
3.5
4.6
3.6
2.6
3.4
1.7
5.0
2.9
4.1
3.1
2.7
3.1
1.4
5.1
2.8
3.7
2.7
2.3
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,900.9
1,304.2
202.5
324.8
2,984.2
1,368.4
208.9
329.2
3,021.1
1,391.4
212.1
334.5
186.7
56.8
12.0
18.2
133.0
39.8
8.3
14.2
138.8
39.4
9.5
13.8
6.4
4.4
5.9
5.6
4.5
2.9
4.0
4.3
4.6
2.8
4.5
4.1
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
Vermont
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
vJiaic oil lu ciic/ci
Dec.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
Dec.
1996
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997P
814.7
131.8
137.5
78.0
73.9
802.1
130.2
140.3
78.6
73.6
801.6
129.3
139.9
77.8
73.3
60.9
6.7
9.5
4.7
3.9
50.1
5.8
8.9
4.6
3.8
52.0
5.8
8.6
4.3
4.1
7.5
5.0
6.9
6.0
5.3
6.2
4.5
6.4
5.9
5.2
6.5
4.5
6.1
5.6
5.5
2,921.4
220.7
81.0
130.9
77.6
76.7
71.9
260.6
808.7
93.3
61.4
70.6
2,951.9
222.0
82.3
130.9
77.2
76.3
72.9
263.9
812.5
95.7
61.6
72.1
2,948.6
221.4
82.3
131.0
76.8
76.5
72.4
263.0
813.0
95.5
61.7
72.4
88.5
5.1
2.9
3.2
2.5
2.1
1.9
3.6
22.4
3.2
1.3
2.1
88.8
5.8
2.4
3.5
2.7
2.2
1.8
3.7
24.5
3.2
1.4
2.2
88.5
5.6
2.8
3.3
2.4
2.0
1.8
3.7
21.4
3.1
1.3
2.2
3.0
2.3
3.6
2.5
3.3
2.8
2.7
1.4
2.8
3.4
2.1
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
2.8
2.5
1.4
3.0
3.3
2.2
3.0
3.0
2.5
3.4
2.5
3.1
2.6
2.6
1.4
2.6
3.2
2.0
3.1
255.8
33.7
256.1
33.9
255.5
34.2
13.2
2.0
10.3
1.5
11.6
1.7
5.1
6.1
4.0
4.6
4.6
5.1
1,299.2
113.4
92.1
108.7
715.0
1,325.4
120.8
94.5
110.7
716.2
1,292.6
118.7
92.0
107.4
702.6
131.8
10.1
10.6
15.6
57.3
176.8
13.9
15.6
19.5
77.5
169.0
13.2
14.8
18.5
74.8
10.1
8.9
11.5
14.4
8.0
13.3
11.5
16.5
17.6
10.8
13.1
11.1
16.1
17.2
10.7
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
Dec.
1997P
Percent of labor force
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of^the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage, The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-
roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the ysual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-
ment'' by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and wbrkseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
mukiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons„
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this conicxU full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the /w//-and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waidng to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific quesfions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until Jljne or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official stafistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New quesfions were added to obtain additional informafion on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" quesfions were added to the quesdonnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Populafion Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the quesfionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the enfire survey. In addifion, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definifions, including the implementafion of some changes recommended in 1979 by the Nafional Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
a) The introducfion of a redesigned and automated quesfionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
informafion, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addifion of two, more objective, criteria to the
definifion of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currenfiy looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct quesfion on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been mferred from responses to other quesfions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definifion of discouraged workers was too subjecfive,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior tesfing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the idenfification of persons employed part
fime for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business condifions or
because of an inability to find full-fime work) was fightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part fime: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-
sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff" persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment.
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
''Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Effective with data for January 1998, new composite estimation procedures and minor revisions in the population
controls were introduced into the household survey. The
new composite estimation procedures simplify processing
of the monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the
survey microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the
employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures
also produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor
force and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
The population controls used in the survey were revised
to reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S.
and a change in the method for projecting the emigration of
foreign-born legal residents. As a result, the Hiispanic-origin population was raised by about 57,000; however, the
total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
was essentially unchanged. More detailed information on
these changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force
change and composition appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Ffevisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households wiis
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sarnple for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, andjefusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-
ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the RSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995^
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present
Number of sample
areas
68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage In
each State and the District of Columbia.
2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.
Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200
Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000
3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
^ Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar s ^ p l e areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose gf the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in 'The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1 .Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too cosdy to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance fun'ttion techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17,
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly
level
Consecutivemonth change
293
312
145
216
235
161
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
194
206
97
164
174
113
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
219
224
91
165
171
105
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
97
96
62
95
95
81
138
140
66
101
105
76
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
78
71
43
69
72
50
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
98
97
44
73
74
51
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
40
35
32
42
37
37
130
134
63
91
107
73
Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54
0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64
.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67
.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
e 2.08
.80
.38
.34
.45
.40
.49
.55
.58
.66
.73
.73
.87
.87
.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15
.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18
.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18
.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial ..
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers.
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment. Total," it is necessary to
fmd the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000 +
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.
120,000,000-116,150,000
120,000,000-100,000,000
(274,000 - 246,000) = 251,000
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to fmd
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70 000
80000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Black
13
18
39
55
76
Total or
white
Black
12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228
13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101
Hispanic
origin
Total
White
13
19
42
59
82
113
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159
Black
13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change In levels
(I n thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73
J
Black
12
17
37
52
72
Total or
white
Black
14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215
15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47
Hispanic
origin
16
22
50
69
95
127
Total
White
Black
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79
10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s^, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.
Sx = V ax2+ bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard e'rror on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white. Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
y,P
=
J y P O O O - p )
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2529.99
(32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
5,600,000
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.
b = 4191.84
S^ = ^-(0.0000 93662 )(6,100,000)^ + (4191.84)(6,100,000) = 149,000
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, Sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.
b = 2957.13
Sx = ^(-0.000017962 )(6,000,000)^ +(2957.13)(6,000,000) =131,000
a = -0.000093662
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
I 2690.59
(33)(100-33) = 1.0 percent
\5,650,000
650,000^ ^^
^
^
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic
a
b
Labor force and not-in-iaborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805
2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62
Whitei
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....
-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195
2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88
Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....
-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516
3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48
Hispanic origin
-.000206380
3895.71
TbtaP
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Not in labor force, total or white.
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
.000005931
828.79
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
.000782035
.000858136
3048.57
2825.09
-.000024885
2582.39
Black
-.000134884
3154.76
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
Step L Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
.011857446
2894.85
.015736341
1702.50
-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820
2957.13
3149.77
3576.47
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s^ to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does^^ot explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly
b = 3139.26
Sx = V(-0.000125300 )(11,600,000)^ + (3139.26 )(11,600,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
a
Characteristic
b
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employnnent and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics^
Low correlation characteristics^
-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162
2001.12
1564.84
2550.56
-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387
1921.13
1500.99
2668.56
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000021229
-.000059785
1689.99
2690.59
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
,
-.000186555
2616.54
Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000098960
-.001928030
2147.36
6513.82
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000234427
-.002881467
2280.03
5829.60
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000156363
-.002311407
1860.78
5420.13
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.001288452
3131.77
-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038
2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42
-.000398909
-.000338741
3615.62
2569.69
-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289
3838.04
3959.25
2367.00
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000122355
-.019110769
2861.72
5876.77
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
.002872129
.002884390
4640.81
4028.10
-.000245791
2091.57
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics
-.000093662
-.000071624
4191.84
5121.75
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000414217
.000048170
4361.16
3088.91
-.000252897
-.000996431
5054.25
7037.75
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16to19years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Self-employed
Unemployment:^
Hispanic origin:
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics
^ High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.
2 High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s^ to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
Sx = V(-0-000125300)(l 1,400,000)^+(3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.So
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in cQnsiderable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: httpiWstats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shutde" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correcdy reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.''
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not pecessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payp-'ents are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Pricv".
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link^procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the M^ch benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through applicadon of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and eamings
Basic estimating ceil (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months J
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.^
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2
A v e r a g e , w e i g h t e d by p r o d u c t i o n or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.^
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Average weekly hours
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Average hourly earnings.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupen/isory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average
j hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings ,
^ The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
b i a s a d j u s t m e n t s f a c t o r s , w h i c h c o m p e n s a t e for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-
ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-base^ estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most ofteg it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1986-96
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1996 is listed as 129,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1995 through March 1996. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjust
ment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1986-96
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Employment^
Revision^
Added^
Required^
Over-the-year
employment
change^
1986
1987
1988
1989
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
-400
21
-310
-93
149
98
114
131
116
99
88
123
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
85
61
33
83
115
144
129
63
12
22
107
171
187
135
Year
1
1
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
1
i
1 Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimate's are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Sj^ and S 2
S difference
=
of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1996
Sample coverage^
Industry
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=
^s?
+
s^ -
2ps,s2
If Si = S2, then:
S change
=
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals ot range of
values that include the true population value. If the process
Employees
Number of
establishments
Number
(thousands)
Percent
of
benchmarks
^
Total
S change
Benchmarks
(thousands)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local
117,952
327,799
44,496
38
566
4,952
18,366
3,172
26,429
58,259
237
978
8,968
42
20
49
6,159
6,396
21,023
216,432
25,768
63,150
2,358
1,153
4,959
38
18
24
6,815
33,881
24,268
78,057
2,200
8,286
32
24
2,770
4,750
12,274
'5,335
2,770
3,987
8,600
100
84
70
7,098
19,831
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2 The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
^Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision^
March 1996
benchmark revision
Actual
Absolute
Level
Percent
57
P)
0.3
Total private
72
.1
.3
Goods-producing
189
.8
-0.1
.8
.5
5.7
-3.1
2.2
-1.2
-1.4
-.4
1.7
3.1
2.2
2.6
1.6
Total
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
3
3
-3
7
-1
-1.0
-1.6
-1.1
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
8
21
7
-19
1.8
1.0
-.7
-.4
.2
1.4
2.6
1.8
-.6
-1.0
1.5
Manufacturing
178
1.0
.1
7
Durable goods
.2
92
.1
.7
.2
.3
.3
1.7
1.1
.7
.9
1.3
.9
1.3
2.4
.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.4
16
3
5
5
3
-3
26
4
1
-3
17
9
5
21
1
2.1
.6
.9
.7
1.2
1.2
1.1
.1
-.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.5
.3
-.5
-.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
.2
2.0
86
1.1
{')
.7
37
0
2.2
0
A
-10
-1.6
17
4
11
3
13
0
1.9
.6
.6
1.1
2.1
1.3
0
.4
-.3
-.1
-.5
.5
-.6
1.0
4.5
.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
1.6
1.5
2.5
-132
-.1
.1
.3
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
-74
-14
0
-13
-242
0
261
1
-1.2
-.3
-.4
-.9
.1
-.2
-.2
-.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
2.4
2.9
3.6
5.2
5.1
3.3
1.1
1.7
.8
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
-108
-66
-.4
-.5
-.3
1.3
1.5
1.1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products......
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
10
-21
-60
-50
-11
-42
-.1
.4
-.2
-.4
0
-2.9
-15.2
0
23.9
6.7
-5.1
-2.7
-3.8
-1.2
-1.7
-1.8
-1.6
-.1
-.2
-.1
.1
-1.6
.5
2.7
.6
-1.6
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
10-year average
mean percent revision^
March 1996
benchmark revision
Industry
Absolute
Level
Percent
Actual
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
111
-11
9
-6
7
-1
1
-4
9
79
20
.5
-1.3
.3
-.3
.2
.1
-.4
.9
1.1
.8
.5
.2
2.2
2.8
-.2
-1.1
-.5
1.1
-.4
.8
.3
.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.8
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.3
.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
-78
-25
-2
-5
3
2
0
9
-33
-44
-40
-4
-9
-1.1
-.8
-.1
-.3
1.1
.4
0
1.7
-15.9
-2.0
-2.7
-.6
-.7
-.4
-.8
-1.0
-.4
-4.2
.8
.9
.1
-4.1
.2
.2
.1
-.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
.7
6.4
2.0
4.9
1.3
5.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
Services'^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services.
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services ^
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services^
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services^
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations^
Services, nec
32
10
35
-1
84
2
1
-2
30
1
10
-4
-59
-84
11
-5
-38
8
-3
19
10
-4
8
0
45
-52
2
-38
1
.1
1.8
2.1
-.1
1.2
.2
.1
2.3
.7
.6
.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
-.8
-1.0
-.7
-2
-.2
-.8
-1.2
-.7
-.8
1.0
-.4
1.1
-.7
-2.6
0
1.2
2.6
.2
-.5
1.3
.6
.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.6
3.6
2.7
2.9
1.4
4.7
4.3
3.3
.9
1.8
.9
.8
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.7
4.7
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.6
1.4
3.7
.8
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
-15
0
0
-23
-39
15
8
8
-1
^ Data relate to the 1987-96 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
n
-.1
2.5
.1
2.7
-.8
-4.4
-.9
.7
-.3
-1.0
1.2
-.3
.9
A
-.7
1.2
0
2.1
-1.8
.2
-4.5
2.2
-.1
0
0
-.5
-1.9
.6
.1
.1
e)
0
0
.4
.5
.3
-.1
-.1
.4
3 Data relate to 1989-96.
^ Includes other industries, not shown separately
.2
0
0
.5
1.0
.5
.3
.4
Table 2-E. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3
1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6
3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.2
1.1
,3
.1
.1
0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.5
.2
.1
1.0
.2
.2
.2
.2
J
A
Employment
0.1
.8
A
A
A
.5
.5
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
A
.3
Relative errors were estimated with sample data frofri March
1994-March1995.
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-
based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slighdy larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry
Total .
Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
0
61,300
Total private ..
52,300
0
0
Goods-producing .
14,200
0
0
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.
2,300
300
900
2,200
300
-0.1
.3
.4
0
.5
.3
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
9,000
4,400
3,700
5,700
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.4
.1
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment...
Electronic components and accessories.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit.
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.
0
-.1
-.1
.6
10,200
6,700
1,300
1,300
1,100
1,400
1,300
1,800
2,600
1,400
2,400
1,300
4,300
3,700
1,800
1,700
1,200
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.4
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
-.1
.2
0
0
.1
-.1
-.1
.1
-.3
.7
.5
.2
.7
.3
.8
.3
.1
.2
5,500
3,300
500
1,100
2,500
1,200
1,700
1,800
1,000
1,600
700
57,600
9,200
8,100
2,200
3,500
5,400
1,500
2,500
200
1,200
4,600
4,500
1,600
7,700
4,400
4,800
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.1
-.4
-.1
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry
Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
.1
0
.1
0
-.1
6,100
3,800
2,800
2,300
1,100
1,400
1,000
900
1,600
2,800
2,400
1,000
2,700
0
0
-.1
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
-.1
0
0
0
0
29,100
3,200
5,900
8,100
13,900
2,800
11,800
11,400
2,400
1,900
1,100
5,500
9,700
5,300
2,700
2,000
2,800
1,800
1,100
13,200
7,900
4,800
1,300
700
3,800
4,900
2,400
3,100
400
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
23,900
10,400
8,900
11,600
10,900
4,700
18,800
16,000
12,100
Actual
33,100
2,800
17,600
16,200
6,300
2,700
1,200
5,800
3,600
12,400
8,500
Services^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nec
^The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.
Mean percent revision
.2
.2
Absolute
.1
.3
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
A
.1
.1
.3
.2
,3
0
.2
.2
-.1
.1
0
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.3
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.3
0
.1
,1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.8
.6
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.7
.2
.2
.7
0
0
0
.1
.1
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
,1
.3
.3
.8
.3
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1992
through December 1996.
Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Estimates for States
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.
Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 270 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employmenl^and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic
Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMAs,
counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.
Regional aggregations are derived by summing the State
estimates. The estimation methods are described below for
States (and the District of Columbia) and for sifb-State areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are
prepared using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document.
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as^for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independendy estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates havd" a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-JJ ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-11 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-11 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independendy adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Establishment data
Effective in June 1997, with the release of the March 1996
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series. The X-12 ARIMA
(first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-11 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised back to 1988.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia-
tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that ha/e occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlationsFof interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings jn constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior tcf the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-i2
ARIM A/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-11
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-11
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-1 and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-11
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.
INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
hold data in the January issue; national establishment data in the Januar March, and June issues; State and area establishment
and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the sting on the inside front cover of this publication.
Quarterly averages
Monthly
Topic
Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)
Agricultural industries
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally
adjusted
44-45
B-9
A-1-3, 7, 11
A-15, 21-22,
30, 35
D-1,5. 9
D-12-15
A-23-27
A-22
D-5
D-5
D-14-15
At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly
A-7
A-7
B-6
B-11
B-11
A.36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,17-18
Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Occupation
Race
A-5
A-16-17
D-3
A-3-4, 6, 8
A-4
B-3-5. 7
A-7
A-4
A-14-16, 18-19, 22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14
A-19-21
A-14-18, 20
D-1-2, 4, 6
D-2
D-12-13,16
D-12-16
D-5
D-2
D-14-15
D-12, 14, 16
A-2-4, 6-8; B-4
A-14-20.22: B-13
D-1-2. 4-6
D-12-16
A-6
A.18. 33
D-4
D-14-15
B-8-10
A-23-27; B-2,
15, 18
A-7, 11
A-1-3, 7
A-26, 28, 34
A-37
A-15. 22
A-6
A-36
A-18
Sex
Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
'Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age
B-5, 8-9, 11
B-7: C-1-2
A-3-4, 6, 9-10
Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race
A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4
Reason
Sex
A-12
A-2-4, 6, 9-10
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era
Annual
averages
Not
seasonally
adjusted
D-20-22
D-5. 9
D-1,5
D.4
D-14-15
B-12, 15-18
A-16
B-14, 18; C-3
A-14-16,18, 28,
31-32, 34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30, 35
A-29, 35
A-14-18, 28,
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18, 28-32,
34
A-38
A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6.
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13, 15-16
35
B-2,15-17: 50; 2
B-2,15,17;
37-39, 50: 2
7
3-6, 8-9.14-15
4-7.11-13.18
B-1,12-13: 16-18, 48: 1
9-13, 17
3. 5, 7-8,10-12,14,
17-18
B-13: 2-18
8,12-13, 30
A-1-2; B-1-2; 1-2
B-15:19-23, 50:2
33-34
24. 31
36
A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8, 12-13
B-12,15-17; 49-50
1-3
D-1-2. 7-8
D-12-13, 17
D-ll
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2
D-19
D-12-13,17-19
D-10
D-1-2, 7-8
D-18
D-12-13, 17
D-12, 17-21
D-23-24
3-6, 8, 24. 27, 29.
33
29-32
4-7, 28
26, 32
25, 32
3,5, 7-8, 24, 28,
31.33
27-29
2-8,24, 25-27, 29,
31,33-35
40-43
46-47
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office
REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Building
Rm F310
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327
REGION l l - N E W YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York. NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia. PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404) 562-2463
REGION V - C H I C A G O
9th Floor
230 South Deartxjrn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
Kansas City. MO 64105^2112
Phone: (816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O. Box 193766
San Francisco. CA 94119
Phone: (415) 975-4384
Cooperating State Agencies
Cunent Emptoyment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region
BLS
Region
IV
Department of Latx)r and Industry, P.O Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
II
NEW JERSEY
Research, P.O Box 2765, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, 401 BroadVI NEW MEXICO
way, TIWA BIdg,, Albuquerque 87103
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
II
NEW YORK
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, BIdg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537. Bismarck 58502
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
V
OHIO
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
X
OREGON
Salem 97311
III
PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of Research and Statistics
3 0 0 Capitol Associates Building
Harrisburg, PA 1 7 1 2 0 - 0 0 3 4
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Latx)r and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section. 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
I
RHODE ISLAND
St, Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
Department of Employment Security. Research
IV TENNESSEE
and Statistics Division. 519 Cordeil Hull Office
BIdg.. Nashville 37219
Employment
Commission. Room 208-T, 1117
VI TEXAS
Trinity St.. Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security. Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services. P.O. Box 11249.
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training. Office
of Policy and Public Information. P.O. Box 488.
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission. Economic Information
Services. P.O. Box 1358. Richmond 23211
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Chariotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment
Security Department, Labor Market
X
WASHINGTON
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
III WEST VIRGINIA
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue. Charleston 25305
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
V
WISCONSIN
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue. Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission, Research
VIII WYOMING
and Analysis Section. P.O. Box 2760.
Casper 82602
ALABAMA
Department of Industrial Relations. Room 427.
Industnal Relations BIdg.. Montgomery 36130
X ALASKA
Department of Labor. Research and Analysis
Section. 1111 West 8th St.. Juneau 99802-5501
IX ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security. 1300 West
Washington St.. Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department •
P.O. Box 2981. Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division. 7000
Franklin Blvd.. BIdg. 1100. Sacramento 95823
VIII COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment. Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
I
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services. Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St.. NW.. Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Flonda Department of Labor and Employment
Security. Bureau of Labor Market Information.
Suite 203. 2574 Seagate Dr.. Tallahassee
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor. Labor Information
Systems. 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
V
ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
Department of Human Resources. 401 Topeka
Avenue. Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services. Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch.
275 East Main St.. Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor. Research and Statistics
Section. 1001 North 23rd St.. Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
MAINE
Department of Labor. Division of Economic
Analysis and Research. 20 Union St..
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training.
Research and Analysis Division. 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training.
Government Center. Charles F. Hurley BIdg..
Boston 02114
V
MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission. Research
and Statistics Division. Room 516. 7310
Woodward Avenue. Detroit 48202
V
MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training. Research
and Statistics Division. 5th Fl.. 390 North
Robert St.. St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission. Labor
Market Information Division. P.O. Box 1699.
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security. P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104
VIII MONTANA
VII
NEBRASKA
@FedFRASER