Full text of Employment and Earnings : February 1997

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
E&E Employment and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), is
prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications
ami Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce) and State
employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these
agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error The Stale agencies are listed on the inside back

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February 1997
Vol. 44 No. 2
Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

.Ian

Union affiliation

Ian

Earnings by detailed occupation

Ian

Employee absences

I.in

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Ian

Quarterly averages. Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam era veterans
and nonvetcrans, and weekly earnings data

Ian., Apr July. * k i

Establishment data
National annual averages
Industry divisions (preliminary)

lan

Industry detail

March. June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment faett rs

June

Revised historical national data

Bulletin1

State and area annual levisions

March

Slate and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual revisions

Match

Annual averages

May

1
The most recent publication was issued in August 19% as Employment,
Hours, and Earnings, United States,, l)HH- 96, BLS Bulletin 2481, and is
available from: New orders, U.S. Superintendent of Documents, P. (). Box
371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954, at S35 a copy, GPO Stock Number 029
001 -03260-9. T hese data also are available on the Internet.

Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Editors' Note
Effective with the publication of January 1997 data, household survey data shown in table A and tables A-l through
A-36 incorporate revised population controls. For additional information, see the article beginning on page 3.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, January 1997
Revisions in the Current Population Survey effective January 1997
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
5
135
172

Statistical tables

Source

Historical

Seasonally
adjusted

18

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Not
seasonally
adjusted

11

45
50

62
75
75

42

58

94
117

121
123

128
128

Monthly Household Data

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1963 to date
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date

7
8

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

9
10
12

Characteristics of the Employed
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex

13
14

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-l 2.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

14
15
16
17
17

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

18
21
22
24

Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

25
26
27
28
29
29
30
31
32

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

33
34
35
36
37
37
38
39

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

39

Multiple Jobholders
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics

40

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




40

Monthly Establishment Data

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

41
42

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

45
47
48

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

49

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

50

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

58
59
60
61

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

62

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

74

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

75

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l 5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

94
114
115
116
117

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
C-2. Labor force status by State

121
123

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

128

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

135
135
136

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

137
137
137
140
140
141

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

155
155
155




136

143
143
144
144
145
145
146
146
146
146
146
146
147
147
147
147
148

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

158
158
158
158
158
158
159
160
160
161
161
161
161
162
162
162
165
165

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

168
168
168
168
168
168
169

Seasonal adjustment

170

169
169
169
169

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, January 1997

Employment rose in January, and the unemployment rate
was essentially unchanged at 5.4 percent.
The number of nonfarm payroll jobs, as measured by the
monthly survey of establishments, rose by 271,000 in January, after seasonal adjustment. Total employment, as measured by the monthly survey of households, rose by about
430,000 over the month, after allowance is made for the effect of revised population controls introduced into the survey
in January.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 7.3 million, and
the unemployment rate, 5.4 percent, were about unchanged
in January, after seasonal adjustment. Jobless rates for the
major demographic groups—adult men (4.6 percent), adult
women (4.6 percent), teenagers (17.0 percent), whites (4.6
percent), blacks (10.8 percent), and Hispanics (8.3 percent)—
also showed little or no change over the month. (See tables
A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
After adjusting for the effect of the revised population estimates, civilian employment rose by about 430,000 in January, to 128.6 million (seasonally adjusted). The proportion
of the population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) edged up to 63.6 percent.
The number of persons employed part time for economic
reasons was about unchanged in January at 4.4 million, after
seasonal adjustment. This series has shown little definitive
movement over the past year. (See table A-6.)
Approximately 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in January. The proportion of
all employed persons that held more than one job was 6.0
percent. (See table A-35.)
The civilian labor force, at 135.8 million (seasonally adjusted), increased by about 500,000 in January, after allowance
for the revised population estimates. The labor force participation rate continued to trend upward, reaching 67.2 percent.
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in January—that is,
they wanted and were available for work and had looked for
jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of dis-




couraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who
were not currently looking for jobs specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them or there were none
for which they would qualify—was 397,000 in January. (See
table A-34.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 271,000
in January to 121.0 million, after seasonal adjustment. The
services industry accounted for three-fifths of January's increase, and manufacturing employment rose for the fourth
straight month. (See table B-3.)
The services industry added 167,000jobs in January, with
business services and health services accounting for twothirds of the gain. Within business services, growth continued in computer and data processing services, and there
was an exceptionally large job gain in help supply services,
after seasonal adjustment. While there does appear to have
been some genuine strength in help supply services in January, the magnitude of the increase was exaggerated somewhat by special factors affecting the seasonally adjusted data.
Health services employment rose by 43,000 in January, with
sizable increases occurring in offices and clinics of medical
doctors and in hospitals.
Employment in transportation rose by 16,000. Retail trade
employment was little changed overall in January. Job gains
in apparel stores, eating and drinking places, and other retail industries were offset by a large decline in general merchandise stores. Still, employment in general merchandise
stores was slightly higher than the level recorded in September, just prior to the holiday hiring period. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose modestly in
January, as continued job gains in finance and real estate
were partly offset by declines in insurance.
Manufacturing employment rose by 18,000 in January,
building on a slow growth trend that began last October.
Gains were concentrated in transportation equipment, including both aircraft and motor vehicles, and in industrial
machinery and food products. Employment in apparel continued its long-term decline; this industry has lost 200,000
jobs, or one-fifth of its workforce, over the past 5 years.
Employment in the construction industry continued to trend
upward, but the January increase was limited by severe
weather conditions in some parts of the country.

Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell sharply in
January—0.7 hour—to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted,
reflecting the impact of extreme weather in many areas
during the survey reference period. The length of the
workweek was down in each of the major industry groups.
The manufacturing workweek, 41.7 hours, was down by
0.3 hour in January. Factory overtime was unchanged at
4.6 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls fell
by 1.7 percent to 137.0 (1982=100) in January, as the




decline in the average workweek more than offset the rise in
employment. The manufacturing index fell by 0.7 percent to
106.2. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls edged up by 1
cent in January to $12.06, seasonally adjusted, following large
increases in the prior 2 months. Reflecting the decline in the
workweek, average weekly earnings fell by 1.9 percent to
$411.25. Over the past year, average hourly earnings rose by
3.8 percent and average weekly earnings increased by 4.7
percent. (See table B -11.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

February

March 7

May

June 6

March

April 4

June

July 3

April

May 2

July

August 1

Reference month

Release date

Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1997

Gloria Peterson Green
Effective with the release of January 1997 data, revisions
were introduced into the population controls used for
the Current Population Survey (CPS). Such revisions are
periodically introduced into the survey to incorporate the
latest information available on population growth trends.
The current revisions primarily reflect improvements in the
estimation of the demographic characteristics of various
sub-components of migration into and out of the United
States. This article briefly describes the revisions and provides an indication of their effect on national labor force
estimates.

Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) are reflected in the
population projections for the first time. This change
resulted in a substantial increase in the Hispanic-origin share
of net undocumented immigration, with the greatest effect
for males 16 to 39 years. This upward revision was balanced by a downward revision in die share of non-Hispanic
whites. In the case of emigration, a change in the methodology for estimating the age distribution yielded a decrease
in the proportion of emigrants 16 years and over, and thus, a
corresponding increase in the population 16 years and over
for both Asian and Pacific Islanders and persons of Hispanic-origin.

Nature of the revisions
Each month, CPS estimates of the population are adjusted
to conform with independent population controls. In this
year's annual updating of national post-censal population
estimates by the Bureau of the Census, two projected components of population change—undocumented migration to
the United States and the emigration of legalresidentsfrom
the United States—were revised. Because the projections
of these components date from the last decade, the changes
affected population estimates for the entire interval after
April 1990; however, they are only being carried into the
CPS population controls for January 1997 forward.
Specifically, these revisions affected the distributions of
both components by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin and,
consequently, the magnitude of the estimated population 16
years and over. The revisions in the two migration components tended to reinforce each other, relative to their effect
on the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over.
In the case of net undocumented immigration, new data on
the characteristics of undocumentedresidentslegalizing their
residency status under provisions of the Immigration
Gloria Peterson Green is an editor of Employment and Earnings and Chief
of the Data Users and Publication Services Group, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information for this article was provided by staff of the Bureau of the
Census.




Effect of the revisions on national estimates
Table 1 provides population and labor force estimates by
age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin for December 1996 based
on the old and revised population controls.1 The introduction of these controls into the CPS estimation procedure
results in an increase in the population and labor force estimates and represents a break in series with data for prior
years. As the table indicates, the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over was raised by about 470,000,
primarily men. The labor force and employment levels were
increased by about 320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The
Hispanic-origin population and labor force estimates were
raised by about 450,000 and 350,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. The increases in the overall
and Hispanic-origin estimates were largest among the 20to 54-year-old age group. Unemployment rates and other
percentages of labor market participation were not affected
by the revisions.
BLS has no plans to revise the national historical labor
force estimates at this time.
1

The "old" December 1996 data are weighted noncomposited estimates
and differ from the official weighted composite estimates previously published.

Table 1. Population and labor force estimates, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, using old and revised 1990 census-based
population controls, December 1996, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Old
controls1

Revised
controls

Black

White

Total
DifferOld
ence controls1

Revised
controls

Difference

Old
Revised
controls1 controls

Hispanic origin
DifferOld
ence controls1

Revised Differcontrols ence

Civilian noninstitutional
population
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

169,044 169,313
12,008 12,096
13,824 13,956
96,488 96,523
46,724 46,738

269
88
132
35
14

23,794
2,391
2,540
14,111
4,751

23,812
2,393
2,547
14,109
4,764

18
2
7
-2
13

19,505
1,986
2,502
11,926
3,090

19,957
2,082
2,608
12,150
3,117

452
96
106
224
27

82,188
87,125

310
-40

10,666
13,128

10,671
13,142

5
14

9,741
9,763

10,177
9,781

436
18

113,696 113,891
6,392
6,348
10,830 10,946
82,141 82,178
14,376 14,374

195
44
116
37
-2

15,269
870
1,751
11,260
1,388

15,274
871
1,756
11,257
1,390

5
1
5
-3
2

13,183
821
1,890
9,389
1,083

13,535
866
1,982
9,593
1,094

352
45
92
204
11

61,986
51,905

235
-39

7,192
8,076

7,193
8,082

1
6

7,793
5,390

8,138
5,397

345
7

108,769 108,945
5,566
5,529
10,091 10,199
79,205 79,239
13,943 13,941

176
37
108
34
-2

13,742
585
1,440
10,366
1,351

13,746
586
1,444
10,363
1,353

4
1
4
-3
2

12,245
659
1,717
8,855
1,015

12,571
695
1,802
9,049
1,026

326
36
85
194
11

59,291
49,655

215
-38

6,471
7,271

6,470
7,275

-1
4

7,321
4,925

7,640
4,931

319
6

4,927
818
739
2,937
433

4,946
826
748
2,939
433

19
8
9
2
0

1,527
285
312
894
37

1,528
285
312
894
37

1
0
0
0
0

938
162
173
534
68

964
171
181
544
69

26
9
8
10
1

24
1

2,675
2,251

2,695
2,250

20
-1

722
806

722
806

0
0

473
465

498
466

25
1

5.0
15.6
8.3
4.1
3.0

0
0
0
0
0

4.3
12.9
6.8
3.6
3.0

4.3
12.9
6.8
3.6
3.0

0
0
0
0
0

10.0
32.7
17.8
7.9
2.7

10.0
32.7
17.8
7.9
2.7

0
0
0
0
0

7.1
19.8
9.2
5.7
6.3

7.1
19.7
9.1
5.7
6.3

0
-.1
-.1
0
0

5.0
5.1

0
0

4.3
4.3

4.3
4.3

0
0

10.0
10.0

10.0
10.0

0
0

6.1
8.6

6.1
8.6

0
0

201,636
15,141
17,389
116,122
52,984

202,104
15,245
17,548
116,263
53,049

468
104
159
141
65

96,742
104,894

97,165
104,940

423
46

134,673
7,482
13,231
97,722
16,238

134,990
7,532
13,366
97,842
16,251

317
50
135
120
13

71,950
62,723

72,261
62,729

311
6

127,896
6,318
12,131
93,694
15,753

128,188
6,360
12,255
93,808
15,765

292
42
124
114
12

68,376
59,520

68,663
59,524

287
4

59,076
49,693

6,776
1,164
1,100
4,028
485

6,802
1,172
1,111
4,034
486

26
8
11
6
1

3,574
3,203

3,598
3,204

5.0
15.6
8.3
4.1
3.0
5.0
5.1

81,878
87,165

Civilian labor force
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

61,751
51,944

Employed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

Unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

Unemployment rate
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men
Women

1
These are weighted noncomposited estimates and differ from the official
weighted composited estimates previously published for December 1996.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin group will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Detail may not
sum to totals due to rounding.

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
( N u m b e r s in thousands)
1996

1997

Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Labor force status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population

199,634 199,773 199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,061 201,273 201,463 201,636 202,285
132,899 133,070 133,464 133,427 133,759 133,709 134,165 133,898 134,291 134,636 134,831 135,022 135,848
66.6
66.8
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0
67.2
125,311 125,706 126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580
62.8
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.4
63.6
7,588
7,364
7,402
7,302
7,331
7,276
7,119
7,043
6,910
7,187
7,019
7,167
7,268
66,735 66,703 66,457 66,674 66,519 66,750 66,476 66,949 66,770 66,637 66,632 66,614 66,437

Unemployed
N o t in labor force

U n e m p l o y m e n t rates

All workers
M e n , 2 0 years a n d over
W o m e n , 2 0 years a n d over
Both sexes, 1 6 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE:

Beginning

in January

5.7
4.9
5.1
17.8
5.0
10.6
9.4
1997,

data

5.5
4.8
4.8
17.0
4.8
10.3
9.5

reflect

5.5
4.9
4.8
17.1
4.8
10.8
9.8

revised

5.5
4.8
4.7
16.8
4.8
10.5
9.5

population

5.5
4.7
4.9
16.6
4.8
10.3
9.2

5.3
4.6
4.7
16.2
4.6
10.2
8.8

5.4
4.6
4.9
16.7
4.7
10.5
8.9

5.2
4.2
4.7
17.0
4.5
10.4
8.8

5.2
4.5
4.6
16.0
4.5
10.7
8.3

5.2
4.4
4.7
16.3
4.5
10.7
8.2

5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8
4.6
10.6
8.3

5.3
4.4
4.9
16.5
4.6
10.5
7.7

5.4
4.6
4.6
17.0
4.6
10.8
8.3

controls used in the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Nov.

Dec.p

Jan.P

120,311
100,803
24,284
566
5,464
18,254
96,027
6,338
6,643
21,803
7,026
34,709
19,508

120,492
100,995
24,319
566
5,491
18,262
96,173
6,350
6,651
21,857
7,038
34,780
19,497

120,753
101,219
24,359
564
5,519
18,276
96,394
6,341
6,655
21,930
7,054
34,880
19,534

121,024
101,469
24,391
564
5,533
18,294
96,633
6,357
6,662
21,949
7,063
35,047
19,555

-2
85
-41
-3
12
-50
39
-5
16
30
10
75
-87

261
272
27
-1
15
13
234
1
24
101
17
102
-11

181
192
35
0
27
8
146
12
8
54
12
71
-11

261
224
40
-2
28
14
221
-9
4
73
16
100
37

271
250
32
0
14
18
239
16
7
19
9
167
21

34.7
41.7
4.5

34.3
41.7
4.4

34.6
41.7
4.5

34.8
42.0
4.6

34.1
41.7
4.6

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

120,052
100,446
24,298
570
5,437
18,291
95,754
6,342
6,603
21,672
6,999
34,532
19,606

120,050
100,531
24,257
567
5,449
18,241
95,793
6,337
6,619
21,702
7,009
34,607
19,519

280
158
34
0
10
24
246
9
18
1
12
84
122

34.4
41.7
4.5

July

June

[

Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining.
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

118,070
98,734
24,112
569
5,234
18,309
93,958
6,254
6,512
21,268
6,894
33,694
19,336

118,579
99,214
24,254
573
5,349
18,332
94,325
6,270
6,529
21,340
6,919
33,902
19,365

118,750
99,356
24,196
574
5,341
18,281
94,554
6,292
6,548
21,350
6,931
34,039
19,394

118,922
99,527
24,209
573
5,353
18,283
94,713
6,294
6,550
21,415
6,942
34,117
19,395

119,332
99,873
24,263
576
5,384
18,303
95,069
6,309
6,567
21,485
6,964
34,285
19,459

119,537
100,091
24,274
575
5,401
18,298
95,263
6,329
6,575
21,568
6,967
34,378
19,446

119,772
100,288
24,264
570
5,427
18,267
95,508
6,333
6,585
21,671
6,987
34,448
19,484

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

-66
-55
-48
-1
11
-58
-18
5
14
-66
7
33
-11

509
480
142
4
115
23
367
16
17
72
25
208
29

171
142
-58
1
-8
-51
229
22
19
10
12
137
29

172
171
13
-1
12
2
159
2
2
65
11
78
1

410
346
54
3
31
20
356
15
17
70
22
168
64

205
218
11
-1
17
-5
194
20
8
83
3
93
-13

235
197
-10
-5
26
-31
245
4
10
103
20
70
38

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

33.8
40.0
4.1

34.5
41.4
4.3

34.5
41.3
4.3

34.3
41.5
4.6

34.2
41.7
4.6

34.7
41.8
4.6

34.2
41.6
4.4

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982-100) 1
Total private
Manufacturing

131.7
102.0

135.5
105.9

135.5
105.2

135.2
105.7

135.3
106.2

137.7
106.5

136.1
105.8

136.9
106.3

138.0
105.9

137.1
105.9

138.2
106.1

139.3
106.9

137.0
106.2

$11.87
7.45
408.33

$11.91
7.45
413.28

$11.90
7.42
408,17

$11.99
7.45
414.85

$12.05
7.47
419.34

$12.06
N.A.
$411.25

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$11.62
7.41
392.76

$11.65
7.42
401.93

$11.68
7.40
402.96

$11.72
7.40
402.00

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
2




$11.74
7.39
401.51

$11.83
7.44
410.50

$11.81
7.41
403.90

N.A. = not available.
" « preliminary,

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1993-97
Thousands

Thousands

122,000

122,000

120,000

120,000

118,000
116,000

114,000

114,000

112,000

112,000

110,000

110,000
I I I I l l I L_

_J I I I I I I I I I I I l_

108,000
1993

1994

1995

1996

108,000

1997

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1993-97




1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls used in the
survey. These changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
population

Number

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.
.
.
.
.
.

122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.4
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991 .
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996 .

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

199,634
199,773
199,921
200,101
200,278
200,459
200,641
200,847
201,061
201,273
201,463
201,636

132,899
133,070
133,464
133,427
133,759
133,709
134,165
133,898
134,291
134,636
134,831
135,022

66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0

125,311
125,706
126,062
126,125
126,428
126,590
126,889
126,988
127,248
127,617
127,644
127,855

62.8
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.4

3,498
3,499
3,470
3,412
3,474
3,408
3,470
3,418
3,480
3,450
3,354
3,426

121,813
122,207
122,592
122,713
122,954
123,182
123,419
123,570
123,768
124,167
124,290
124,429

7,588
7,364
7,402
7,302
7,331
7,119
7,276
6,910
7,043
7,019
7,187
7,167

5.7
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3

66,735
66,703
66,457
66,674
66,519
66,750
66,476
66,949
66,770
66,637
66,632
66,614

202,285

135,848

67.2

128,580

63.6

3,468

125,112

7,268

5.4

66,437

1997:
January3
1

Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1977, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1996 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in the February
1997 issue of this publication.

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634

4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880

6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4

20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119

Nonagricultural
industries

Annual averages
MEN
19861
1987
1988
1989
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996

85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206

65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087

76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9

60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207

71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9

2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

95,713
95,786
95,864
95,955
96,048
96,140
96,230
96,335
96,447
96,556
96,654
96,742

71,586
71,744
71,936
71,922
72,120
72,110
72,317
71,961
72,087
72,363
72,362
72,414

74.8
74.9
75.0
75.0
75.1
75.0
75.2
74.7
74.7
74.9
74.9
74.9

67,527
67,742
67,856
67,932
68,188
68,251
68,376
68,368
68,304
68,647
68,589
68,707

70.6
70.7
70.8
70.8
71.0
71.0
71.1
71.0
70.8
71.1
71.0
71.0

2,592
2,597
2,577
2,532
2,584
2,535
2,585
2,550
2,592
2,607
2,525
2,618

64,935
65,145
65,279
65,400
65,604
65,716
65,791
65,818
65,712
66,040
66,064
66,089

4,059
4,002
4,080
3,990
3,932
3,859
3,941
3,593
3,783
3,716
3,773
3,707

5.7
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.1

24,127
24,042
23,928
24,033
23,928
24,030
23,913
24,374
24,360
24,193
24,292
24,328

1997:
January3

97,264

73,106

75.2

69,164

71.1

2,611

- 66,553

3,942

5.4

24,158

48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630

3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356

7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4

42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528

Annual averages
WOMEN
1

1986
1987
1988
1989
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996

94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385

52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857

55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3

48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501

51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0

652
666
676
687
678
680
672
637
855
881
871

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

103,921
103,986
104,058
104,146
104,230
104,319
104,411
104,512
104,614
104,717
104,809
104,894

61,313
61,326
61,528
61,505
61,639
61,599
61,848
61,937
62,204
62,273
62,469
62,608

59.0
59.0
59.1
59.1
59.1
59.0
59.2
59.3
59.5
59.5
59.6
59.7

57,784
57,964
58,206
58,193
58,240
58,339
58,513
58,620
58,944
58,970
59,055
59,148

55.6
55.7
55.9
55.9
55.9
55.9
56.0
56.1
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.4

906
902
893
880
890
873
885
868
888
843
829
808

56,878
57,062
57,313
57,313
57,350
57,466
57,628
57,752
58,056
58,127
58,226
58,340

3,529
3,362
3,322
3,312
3,399
3,260
3,335
3,317
3,260
3,303
3,414
3,460

5.8
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5

42,608
42,660
42,530
42,641
42,591
42,720
42,563
42,575
42,410
42,444
42,340
42,286

1997:
January3

105,022

62,742

59.7

59,416

56.6

857

58,559

3,327

5.3

42,279

1

Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3

Beginning in January 1977, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1996 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household
survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1997" in the February 1997 issue of this publication.

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

199,634 199,773 199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,061 201,273 201,463 201,636 202,285
132,899 133,070 133,464 133,427 133,759 133,709 134,165 133,898 134,291 134,636 134,831 135,022 135,848
66.6
66.8
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.7
66.9
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.2
67.0
125,311 125,706 126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580
62.8
62.9
63.1
63.2
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.4
63.6
7,588
7,364
7,402
7,331
7,119
7,302
7,276 6,910
7,043
7,019
7,187
7,167
7,268
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.3

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

95,713
71,586
74.8
67,527
70.6
2,592
64,935
4,059
5.7
24,127

95,786
71,744
74.9
67,742
70.7
2,597
65,145
4,002
5.6
24,042

95,864
71,936
75.0
67,856
70.8
2,577
65,279
4,080
5.7
23,928

95,955
71,922
75.0
67,932
70.8
2,532
65,400
3,990
5.5
24,033

96,048
72,120
75.1
68,188
71.0
2,584
65,604
3,932
5.5
23,928

96,140
72,110
75.0
68,251
71.0
2,535
65,716
3,859
5.4
24,030

96,230
72,317
75.2
68,376
71.1
2,585
65,791
3,941
5.4
23,913

96,335
71,961
74.7
68,368
71.0
2,550
65,818
3,593
5.0
24,374

96,447
72,087
74.7
68,304
70.8
2,592
65,712
3,783
5.2
24,360

96,556
72,363
74.9
68,647
71.1
2,607
66,040
3,716
5.1
24,193

96,654
72,362
74.9
68,589
71.0
2,525
66,064
3,773
5.2
24,292

96,742
72,414
74.9
68,707
71.0
2,618
66,089
3,707
5.1
24,328

97,264
73,106
75.2
69,164
71.1
2,611
66,553
3,942
5.4
24,158

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

88,223
67,556
76.6
64,258
72.8
2,382
61,876
3,298
4.9
20,667

88,296
67,688
76.7
64,416
73.0
2,371
62,045
3,272
4.8
20,608

88,366
67,886
76.8
64,562
73.1
2,376
62,186
3,324
4.9
20,480

88,440
67,829
76.7
64,573
73.0
2,310
62,263
3,256
4.8
20,611

88,530
67,996
76.8
64,788
73.2
2,342
62,446
3,208
4.7
20,534

88,570
68,088
76.9
64,933
73.3
2,318
62,615
3,155
4.6
20,482

88,614
68,222
77.0
65,071
73.4
2,366
62,705
3,151
4.6
20,392

88,650
68,044
76.8
65,165
73.5
2,347
62,818
2,879
4.2
20,606

88,733
68,056
76.7
64,978
73.2
2,366
62,612
3,078
4.5
20,677

88,840
68,273
76.8
65,299
73.5
2,400
62,899
2,974
4.4
20,567

88,971
68,391
76.9
65,349
73.4
2,355
62,994
3,042
4.4
20,580

89,040
68,369
76.8
65,367
73.4
2,356
63,011
3,002
4.4
20,671

89,446
68,998
77.1
65,813
73.6
2,364
63,449
3,185
4.6
20,449

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

103,921
61,313
59.0
57,784
55.6
906
56,878
3,529
5.8
42,608

103,986
61,326
59.0
57,964
55.7
902
57,062
3,362
5.5
42,660

104,058
61,528
59.1
58,206
55.9
893
57,313
3,322
5.4
42,530

104,146
61,505
59.1
58,193
55.9
880
57,313
3,312
5.4
42,641

104,230
61,639
59.1
58,240
55.9
890
57,350
3,399
5.5
42,591

104,319
61,599
59.0
58,339
55.9
873
57,466
3,260
5.3
42,720

104,411
61,848
59.2
58,513
56.0
885
57,628
3,335
5.4
42,563

104,512
61,937
59.3
58,620
56.1
868
57,752
3,317
5.4
42,575

104,614
62,204
59.5
58,944
56.3
888
58,056
3,260
5.2
42,410

104,717
62,273
59.5
58,970
56.3
843
58,127
3,303
5.3
42,444

104,809
62,469
59.6
59,055
56.3
829
58,226
3,414
5.5
42,340

104,894
62,608
59.7
59,148
56.4
808
58,340
3,460
5.5
42,286

105,022
62,742
59.7
59,416
56.6
857
58,559
3,327
5.3
42,279

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

96,717
57,594
59.5
54,684
56.5
849
53,835
2,910
5.1
39,123

96,757
57,618
59.5
54,845
56.7
845
54,000
2,773
4.8
39,139

96,798
57,803
59.7
55,054
56.9
842
54,212
2,749
4.8
38,995

96,857
57,817
59.7
55,075
56.9
842
54,233
2,742
4.7
39,040

96,925
57,885
59.7
55,067
56.8
831
54,236
2,818
4.9
39,040

96,999
57,909
59.7
55,196
56.9
835
54,361
2,713
4.7
39,090

97,064
58,139
59.9
55,315
57.0
847
54,468
2,824
4.9
38,925

97,146
58,230
59.9
55,498
57.1
826
54,672
2,732
4.7
38,916

97,226
58,349
60.0
55,644
57.2
844
54,800
2,705
4.6
38,877

97,290
58,432
60.1
55,681
57.2
800
54,881
2,751
4.7
38,858

97,366
58,574
60.2
55,753
57.3
786
54,967
2,821
4.8
38,792

97,457
58,728
60.3
55,871
57.3
772
55,099
2,857
4.9
38,729

97,520
58,894
60.4
56,165
57.6
797
55,369
2,729
4.6
38,626

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,694 14,719
7,749
7,764
52.7
52.7
6,369 6,445
43.3
43.8
267
283
6,102
6,162
1,380
1,319
17.8
17.0
6,945
6,955

14,757
7,775
52.7
6,446
43.7
252
6,194
1,329
17.1
6,982

14,805
7,781
52.6
6,477
43.7
260
6,217
1,304
16.8
7,024

14,823
7,878
53.1
6,573
44.3
301
6,272
1,305
16.6
6,945

14,890 14,963
7,712
7,804
51.8
52.2
6,461
6,503
43.4
43.5
255
257
6,206
6,246
1,251
1,301
16.2
16.7
7,178
7,159

15,051
7,624
50.7
6,325
42.0
245
6,080
1,299
17.0
7,427

15,101
7,886
52.2
6,626
43.9
270
6,356
1,260
16.0
7,215

15,143
7,931
52.4
6,637
43.8
250
6,387
1,294
16.3
7,212

15,126 15,139
7,866
7,925
52.0
52.3
6,617
6,542
43.3
43.7
213
298
6,329
6,319
1,324
1,308
16.8
16.5
7,214
7,260

15,318
7,956
51.9
6,601
43.1
307
6,294
1,354
17.0
7,362

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3
through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent




seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1997, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey,

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

1997
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

167,669 167,757 167,853 167,973 168,098 168,222 168,345 168,489 168,639 168,788 168,924 169,044 169,436
112,207 112,651 112,827 112,720 113,025 112,940 113,139 112,904 113,334 113,625 113,816 113,991 114,377
66.9
67.1
67.2
67.2
67.1
67.2
67.0
67.2
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.4
67.5
106,631 107,192 107,398 107,364 107,576 107,733 107,862 107,853 108,217 108,527 108,570 108,734 109,151
63.6
63.9
64.0
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.1
64.0
64.2
64.3
64.3
64.3
64.4
5,576
5,459
5,356
5,429
5,449
5,207
5,277
5,051
5,117
5,098
5,246
5,257
5,226
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,942
77.0
55,464
73.7
2,478
4.3

58,141
77.3
55,681
74.0
2,460
4.2

58,229
77.4
55,749
74.1
2,480
4.3

58,193
77.3
55,765
74.0
2,428
4.2

58,261
77.3
55,861
74.1
2,400
4.1

58,366
77.4
55,992
74.3
2,374
4.1

58,432
77.4
56,085
74.3
2,347
4.0

58,347
77.3
56,143
74.4
2,204
3.8

58,343
77.2
56,042
74.2
2,301
3.9

58,539
77.4
56,294
74.4
2,245
3.8

58,549
77.3
56,276
74.3
2,273
3.9

58,623
77.4
56,356
74.4
2,267
3.9

59,042
77.7
56,653
74.5
2,388
4.0

47,687
59.0
45,607
56.4
2,080
4.4

47,927
59.3
45,885
56.7
2,042
4.3

48,051
59.4
46,062
56.9
1,989
4.1

47,977
59.3
45,984
56.8
1,993
4.2

48,114
59.4
46,010
56.8
2,104
4.4

47,992
59.2
46,075
56.9
1,917
4.0

48,074
59.3
46,097
56.9
1,977
4.1

48,162
59.4
46,232
57.0
1,930
4.0

48,314
59.5
46,394
57.2
1,920
4.0

48,380
59.6
46,439
57.2
1,941
4.0

48,558
59.8
46,530
57.3
2,028
4.2

48,686
59.9
46,614
57.3
2,072
4.3

48,631
59.8
46,750
57.5
1,881
3.9

6,578
56.6
5,560
47.8
1,018
15.5
16.3
14.6

6,583
56.5
5,626
48.3
957
14.5
15.4
13.6

6,547
56.0
5,587
47.8
960
14.7
15.9
13.3

6,550
55.9
5,615
47.9
935
14.3
15.3
13.1

6,650
56.5
5,705
48.5
945
14.2
15.3
13.0

6,582
55.7
5,666
48.0
916
13.9
14.9
12.8

6,633
56.0
5,680
48.0
953
14.4
16.1
12.4

6,395
53.8
5,478
46.1
917
14.3
15.7
12.9

6,677
56.0
5,781
48.5
896
13.4
14.8
11.9

6,706
56.1
5,794
48.5
912
13.6
15.4
11.6

6,709
56.0
5,764
48.1
945
14.1
15.5
12.6

6,682
55.6
5,764
48.0
918
13.7
14.8
12.6

6,704
55.3
5,747
47.4
957
14.3
14.9
13.6

23,424
14,982
64.0
13,388
57.2
1,594
10.6

23,455
14,862
63.4
13,326
56.8
1,536
10.3

23,485
15,019
64.0
13,401
57.1
1,618
10.8

23,519
15,004
63.8
13,432
57.1
1,572
10.5

23,549
15,138
64.3
13,584
57.7
1,554
10.3

23,579
15,010
63.7
13,478
57.2
1,532
10.2

23,611
15,212
64.4
13,612
57.7
1,600
10.5

23,650
15,297
64.7
13,699
57.9
1,598
10.4

23,690
15,184
64.1
13,566
57.3
1,618
10.7

23,728
15,276
64.4
13,647
57.5
1,629
10.7

23,762
15,290
64.3
13,673
57.5
1,617
10.6

23,794
15,306
64.3
13,693
57.5
1,613
10.5

23,847
15,372
64.5
13,709
57.5
1,663
10.8

6,741
72.1
6,109
65.3
632
9.4

6,743
72.0
6,076
64.9
667
9.9

6,776
72.3
6,080
64.8
696
10.3

6,724
71.6
6,081
64.8
643
9.6

6,793
72.3
6,144
65.4
649
9.6

6,757
71.8
6,133
65.2
624
9.2

6,848
72.7
6,212
65.9
636
9.3

6,874
73.0
6,301
66.9
573
8.3

6,834
72.6
6,174
65.6
660
9.7

6,838
72.4
6,199
65.6
639
9.3

6,899
72.7
6,264
66.0
635
9.2

6,833
72.0
6,235
65.7
598
8.8

6,829
71.8
6,198
65.2
632
9.2

7,329
62.3
6,679
56.8
650
8.9

7,249
61.6
6,666
56.6
583
8.0

7,304
62.0
6,689
56.7
615
8.4

7,319
62.0
6,706
56.8
613
8.4

7,374
62.4
6,757
57.2
617
8.4

7,377
62.4
6,746
57.1
631
8.6

7,457
63.0
6,797
57.4
660
8.9

7,477
63.1
6,802
57.4
675
9.0

7,435
62.7
6,788
57.2
647
8.7

7,487
63.0
6,822
57.4
665
8.9

7,499
63.0
6,833
57.4
666
8.9

7,544
63.3
6,851
57.5
693
9.2

7,574
63.4
6,880
57.6
694
9.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1997

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

912
39.5
600
26.0
312
34.2
38.1
30.6

870
37.6
584
25.3
286
32.9
32.5
33.3

939
40.5
632
27.2
307
32.7
36.3
29.1

961
41.3
645
27.7
316
32.9
34.9
30.8

971
41.5
683
29.2
288
29.7
30.0
29.3

876
37.3
599
25.5
277
31.6
36.6
26.9

907
38.5
603
25.6
304
33.5
43.0
22.4

946
39.6
596
25.0
350
37.0
38.2
35.8

915
38.0
604
25.1
311
34.0
37.2
30.9

951
39.6
626
26.1
325
34.2
36.5
31.9

892
37.5
576
24.2
316
35.4
41.2
30.0

18,929
12,556
66.3
11,375
60.1
1,181
9.4

18,977
12,589
66.3
11,388
60.0
1,201
9.5

19,025
12,543
65.9
11,320
59.5
1,223
9.8

19,080
12,552
65.8
11,357
59.5
1,195
9.5

19,131
12,602
65.9
11,438
59.8
1,164
9.2

19,184
12,624
65.8
11,510
60.0
1,114
8.8

19,238
12,697
66.0
11,567
60.1
1,130
8.9

19,292
12,864
66.7
11,736
60.8
1,128
8.8

19,346
12,871
66.5
11,801
61.0
1,070
8.3

19,398
12,989
67.0
11,928
61.5
1,061
8.2

19,454
13,182
67.8
12,094
62.2
1,088
8.3

929
38.9
607
25.4
322
34.7
38.6
31.2

969
40.4
631
26.3
337
34.8
42.7
27.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and




19,505 20,013
13,150 13,795
68.9
67.4
12,141 12,653
63.2
62.2
1,142
1,009
8.3
7.7

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

1997
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

102,112 102,560 102,699 102,812 103,362 103,348 103,648 103,733 104,303 104,598 104,645 104,654 105,089
59,935 60,195 60,271 60,388 60,792 60,713 60,895 60,970 61,096 61,244 61,346 61,289 61,603
58,780 58,971 59,056 59,216 59,487 59,498 59,660 59,792 59,810 60,021 60,119 60,056 60,392
42,121 42,313 42,389 42,430 42,542 42,692 42,806 42,793 43,187 43,342 43,303 43,358 43,365
41,333 41,518 41,612 41,659 41,704 41,843 41,956 42,019 42,351 42,495 42,450 42,451 42,541
2,071
1,937
2,171
1,999
2,031
2,007
2,032
1,922
2,082
2,147
2,156
2,142
2,076
23,181
7,550
5,463
15,640
13,341
4,377

23,117
7,468
5,388
15,647
13,340
4,389

23,287
7,517
5,442
15,749
13,412
4,433

23,236
7,504
5,334
15,736
13,395
4,507

23,006
7,328
5,174
15,708
13,379
4,453

23,187
7,542
5,428
15,664
13,317
4,442

23,208
7,507
5,416
15,699
13,331
4,461

23,294
7,474
5,449
15,812
13,427
4,418

23,163
7,376
5,320
15,776
13,334
4,509

23,037
7,397
5,292
15,657
13,191
4,554

23,145
7,294
5,255
15,816
13,397
4,493

23,222
7,411
5,321
15,802
13,427
4,474

23,530
7,510
5,418
16,027
13,633
4,479

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6,070
3,361
3,011
2,658
2,370
689

5,875
3,287
3,017
2,521
2,243
615

5,943
3,409
3,057
2,502
2,217
669

5,876
3,365
3,001
2,512
2,233
642

5,903
3,329
2,940
2,594
2,316
647

5,688
3,269
2,898
2,462
2,240
550

5,813
3,269
2,875
2,534
2,341
597

5,479
3,084
2,636
2,463
2,192
651

5,644
3,287
2,895
2,389
2,108
641

5,664
3,216
2,761
2,489
2,218
685

5,800
3,240
2,816
2,587
2,305
679

5,754
3,170
2,762
2,608
2,313
679

5,809
3,238
2,871
2,495
2,199
738

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,479
614
246
848
534
699

1,488
665
273
834
519
696

1,481
638
269
812
533
679

1,448
628
260
811
519
669

1,453
617
270
826
525
658

1,384
623
255
787
447
682

1,481
676
266
813
520
695

1,453
604
260
839
538
655

1,369
515
198
838
555
616

1,368
552
225
818
533
610

1,384
570
227
830
513
644

1,425
548
237
902
560
628

1,426
614
277
800
523
626

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.6
5.3
4.9
5.9
5.4
25.6

5.4
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.1
22.9

5.5
5.4
4.9
5.6
5.1
24.8

5.4
5.3
4.8
5.6
5.1
24.9

5.4
5.2
4.7
5.7
5.3
23.0

5.2
5.1
4.6
5.5
5.1
21.5

5.3
5.1
4.6
5.6
5.3
22.7

5.0
4.8
4.2
5.4
5.0
25.3

5.1
5.1
4.6
5.2
4.7
23.0

5.1
5.0
4.4
5.4
5.0
24.8

5.3
5.0
4.5
5.6
5.2
24.6

5.2
4.9
4.4
5.7
5.2
24.0

5.2
5.0
4.5
5.4
4.9
25.5

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6.0
7.5
4.3
5.1
3.8
13.8

6.0
8.2
4.8
5.1
3.7
13.7

6.0
7.8
4.7
4.9
3.8
13.3

5.9
7.7
4.6
4.9
3.7
12.9

5.9
7.8
5.0
5.0
3.8
12.9

5.6
7.6
4.5
4.8
3.2
13.3

6.0
8.3
4.7
4.9
3.8
13.5

5.9
7.5
4.6
5.0
3.9
12.9

5.6
6.5
3.6
5.0
4.0
12.0

5.6
6.9
4.1
5.0
3.9
11.8

5.6
7.2
4.1
5.0
3.7
12.5

5.8
6.9
4.3
5.4
4.0
12.3

5.7
7.6
4.9
4.8
3.7
12.3

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication
prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey,

(In thousands)
1997

1996
Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

125,311 125,706 126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580
42,178 42,297 42,223 42,127 42,395 42,520 42,503 42,588 42,330 42,617 42,631 42,607 42,909
32,117 32,153 32,168 31,983 32,339 32,456 32,634 32,665 32,679 32,537 32,509 32,631 32,826
7,444
7,500
7,501
7,392
7,364
7,253
7,338
7,420
7,299
7,372
7,366
7,323
7,281

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

35,706

35,887

36,098

36,116

36,271

36,667

36,505

36,605

36,759

36,917

37,177

37,234

37,478

37,174
16,847
13,606
18,231
3,753

37,328
16,843
13,777
18,161
3,709

37,751
16,843
13,602
18,106
3,613

37,584
17,033
13,572
18,206
3,561

37,615
17,318
13,469
18,311
3,575

37,636
17,191
13,559
18,159
3,502

37,762
17,281
13,482
18,292
3,565

37,818
17,343
13,660
18,031
3,515

37,812
17,435
13,681
18,069
3,557

37,951
17,295
13,587
18,235
3,565

37,821
17,408
13,508
18,259
3,445

37,902
17,271
13,574
18,310
3,496

38,163
17,171
13,902
18,317
3,528

1,944
1,540
46

1,933
1,529
37

1,863
1,560
43

1,852
1,502
51

1,957
1,472
48

1,883
1,490
36

1,860
1,546
53

1,814
1,525
64

1,834
1,557
91

1,813
1,560
71

1,829
1,464
68

1,878
1,475
66

1,988
1,448
62

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

112,801 113,188 113,535 113,577 113,940 114,000 114,278 114,539 114,765 115,018 115,133 115,212 115,560
94,687 94,955 95,394 95,270 95,700 95,720 95,998 96,274 96,673 96,886 96,863 96,946 97,176
956
934
992
1,002
930
973
981
894
911
873
925
829
936
93,751 94,061 94,483 94,397 94,775 94,891 95,068 95,301 95,692 95,894 95,907 96,012 96,174
18,114 18,233 18,141 18,307 18,240 18,280 18,280 18,265 18,092 18,132 18,270 18,266 18,385
8,984
8,967
9,023
9,109
9,445
9,041
9,027
8,896
8,811
9,045
8,882
8,927
8,948
140
149
137
162
127
128
122
129
114
104
121
91
105

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,210
2,288
1,544
17,435

4,429
2,509
1,608
17,621

4,451
2,507
1,608
17,743

4,466
2,581
1,577
17,712

4,311
2,255
1,704
17,643

4,325
2,391
1,584
17,960

4,338
2,552
1,549
17,877

4,339
2,437
1,596
18,184

4,302
2,398
1,617
17,823

4,286
2,258
1,683
17,754

3,983
2,107
1,559
17,957

4,338
2,353
1,653
17,868

4,426
2,423
1,552
18,340

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,940
2,155
1,509
16,780

4,224
2,362
1,588
17,002

4,224
2,363
1,573
17,114

4,251
2,462
1,543
17,068

4,109
2,136
1,655
17,039

4,161
2,282
1,558
17,298

4,150
2,422
1,517
17,250

4,182
2,310
1,588
17,555

4,130
2,284
1,580
17,204

4,118
2,147
1,647
17,123

3,815
2,001
1,543
17,313

4,162
2,214
1,622
17,237

4,163
2,310
1,512
17,737

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their
jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or
industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who
usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week




for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
1996

1997

Age and sex
Jan.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

125,311 125,706 126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580
18,467
6,369
2,555
3,806
12,098
106,798
91,566
15,171

18,566 18,696 18,732
6,445
6,477
6,446
2,579
2,634
2,646
3,844
3,832
3,803
12,121 12,250 12,255
107,134 107,344 107,403
91,860 91,952 92,126
15,305 15,369 15,221

18,739 18,558 18,506 18,368 18,766 18,799 18,722
6,573
6,461
6,503
6,626
6,325
6,637
6,542
2,633
2,635
2,661
2,708
2,589
2,736
2,702
3,949
3,828
3,873
3,946
3,716
3,898
3,835
12,166 12,097 12,003 12,043 12,140 12,162 12,180
107,656 108,068 108,390 108,755 108,445 108,811 108,894
92,303 92,619 92,880 93,165 93,074 93,285 93,387
15,361 15,417 15,493 15,526 15,488 15,535 15,587

18,771 18,900
6,617
6,601
2,672
2,633
3,919
3,946
12,154 12,299
109,087 109,651
93,455 93,852
15,657 15,786

67,527 67,742 67,856 67,932 68,188 68,251 68,376 68,368 68,304 68,647 68,589 68,707 69,164
9,775
9,736
9,774
9,773
9,734
9,724
9,842
9,716
9,592
9,792
9,660
9,770
9,913
3,269
3,326
3,294
3,359
3,400
3,305
3,318
3,326
3,203
3,348
3,240
3,340
3,351
1,290
1,307
1,324
1,328
1,331
1,333
1,294
1,247
1,339
1,324
1,375
1,323
1,310
1,983
2,012
1,974
2,028
2,070
2,021
2,013
1,995
1,926
1,983
1,915
1,992
2,033
6,506
6,410
6,414
6,480
6,442
6,416
6,419
6,389
6,390
6,444
6,420
6,430
6,562
57,714 58,017 58,057 58,136 58,294 58,525 58,676 58,908 58,589 58,854 58,909 58,927 59,227
49,250 49,500 49,432 49,568 49,676 49,821 49,966 50,100 49,971 50,144 50,229 50,268 50,465
8,461
8,513
8,600
8,546
8,643
8,695
8,689
8,660
8,719
8,717
8,722
8,717
8,793
57,784 57,964 58,206 58,193 58,240 58,339 58,513

58,620

58,944

58,970 59,055 59,148 59,416

8,692
8,830
8,897
8,922
8,959
8,824
8,782
9,050
8,776
9,007
9,001
8,987
9,062
3,100
3,119
3,118
3,152
3,173
3,198
3,143
3,122
3,300
3,289
3,302
3,277
3,250
1,265
1,272
1,310
1,318
1,341
1,302
1,328
1,369
1,342
1,361
1,378
1,324
1,349
1,823
1,832
1,804
1,879
1,829
1,807
1,860
1,790
1,951
1,927
1,915
1,920
1,913
5,711
5,841
5,592
5,770
5,724
5,584
5,724
5,737
5,681
5,654
5,750
5,718
5,760
49,084 49,117 49,287 49,267 49,362 49,543 49,714 49,847 49,856 49,957 49,985 50,160 50,424
42,316 42,360 42,520 42,558 42,627 42,798 42,914 43,065 43,103 43,141 43,158 43,187 43,387
6,710
6,792
6,769
6,675
6,718
6,728
6,798
6,828
6,865
6,992
6,807
6,818
6,940

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population

controls used in the household survey.

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996

1997

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

7,588

7,364

7,402

7,302

7,331

2,712
1,380
643
734
1,332
4,822
4,300
564

2,612
1,319
640
643
1,293
4,767
4,191
568

2,616
1,329
632
704
1,287
4,788
4,166
591

2,533
1,304
621
692
1,229
4,748
4,203
525

4,059

4,002

4,080

1,444
761
357
401
683
2,579
2,290
309

1,464
730
360
335
734
2,561
2,254
305

3,529
1,268
619
286
333
649
2,243
2,010
255

July

Aug.

7,119

7,276

6,910

2,581
1,305
636
667
1,276
4,784
4,223
561

2,481
1,251
622
626
1,230
4,625
4,047
558

2,555
1,301
637
661
1,254
4,691
4,123
593

3,990

3,932

3,859

1,467
756
356
407
711
2,595
2,268
314

1,430
734
357
391
696
2,551
2,288
273

1,444
724
343
381
720
2,504
2,204
296

3,362

3,322

3,312

1,148
589
280
308
559
2,206
1,937
263

1,149
573
276
297
576
2,193
1,898
277

1,103
570
264
301
533
2,197
1,915
252

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




June

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

7,043

7,019

7,187

7,167

7,268

2,438
1,299
604
692
1,139
4,511
3,988
505

2,442
1,260
579
680
1,182
4,612
4,080
530

2,480
1,294
599
706
1,186
4,538
4,053
507

2,531
1,324
555
788
1,207
4,630
4,131
493

2,526
1,308
641
677
1,218
4,696
4,147
542

2,625
1,354
567
787
1,270
4,590
4,137
501

3,941

3,593

3,783

3,716

3,773

3,707

3,942

1,387
704
344
357
683
2,466
2,144
311

1,469
790
396
387
679
2,453
2,119
338

1,303
714
342
370
589
2,336
2,030
292

1,340
705
319
385
635
2,445
2,168
291

1,370
742
336
409
628
2,350
2,079
268

1,378
731
309
448
647
2,390
2,098
283

1,366
705
343
364
661
2,337
2,032
303

1,468
757
336
418
711
2,441
2,174
293

3,399

3,260

3,335

3,317

3,260

3,303

3,414

3,460

3,327

1,137
581
293
286
556
2,280
2,019
265

1,094
547
278
269
547
2,159
1,903
247

1,086
511
241
274
575
2,238
2,004
255

1,135
585
262
322
550
2,175
1,958
213

1,102
555
260
295
547
2,167
1,912
239

1,110
552
263
297
558
2,188
1,974
239

1,153
593
246
340
560
2,240
2,033
210

1,160
603
298
313
557
2,359
2,115
239

1,157
598
231
369
559
2,148
1,963
208

controls used in the household survey.

1996

1997

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.4

12.8
17.8
20.1
16.2
9.9
4.3
4.5
3.6

12.3
17.0
19.9
14.3
9.6
4.3
4.4
3.6

12.3
17.1
19.4
15.6
9.5
4.3
4.3
3.7

11.9
16.8
19.0
15.3
9.1
4.2
4.4
3.3

12.1
16.6
19.5
14.4
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.5

11.8
16.2
18.9
14.1
9.2
4.1
4.2
3.5

12.1
16.7
19.5
14.6
9.5
4.1
4.3
3.7

11.7
17.0
18.9
15.7
8.6
4.0
4.1
3.2

11.5
16.0
17.6
14.7
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.3

11.7
16.3
18.0
15.3
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.2

11.9
16.8
17.0
17.0
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.1

11.9
16.5
19.3
14.7
9.1
4.1
4.2
3.3

12.2
17.0
17.7
16.6
9.4
4.0
4.2
3.1

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.0

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.4

12.9
18.9
21.7
16.8
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.5

13.1
18.0
21.6
14.3
10.3
4.2
4.4
3.5

13.1
18.7
21.2
17.1
9.9
4.3
4.4
3.5

12.8
17.9
21.2
16.2
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.1

12.8
17.6
20.5
15.5
10.1
4.1
4.2
3.3

12.5
17.5
20.5
15.0
9.6
4.0
4.1
3.5

13.1
19.3
23.4
16.1
9.6
4.0
4.1
3.7

12.0
18.2
21.5
16.1
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.2

12.1
17.5
19.2
16.2
9.0
4.0
4.2
3.3

12.3
18.1
19.6
17.1
8.9
3.8
4.0
3.0

12.5
18.4
18.9
19.0
9.2
3.9
4.0
3.1

12.3
17.4
20.6
15.4
9.3
3.8
3.9
3.4

12.9
18.4
20.4
17.1
9.8
4.0
4.1
3.2

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.3

12.7
16.6
18.4
15.4
10.4
4.4
4.5
3.7

11.5
15.9
18.0
14.4
8.9
4.3
4.4
3.7

11.4
15.4
17.4
14.0
9.1
4.3
4.3
3.9

11.0
15.5
16.7
14.3
8.4
4.3
4.3
3.6

11.3
15.5
18.4
13.2
8.9
4.4
4.5
3.8

11.0
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.3
3.5

11.0
13.8
15.2
12.8
9.3
4.3
4.5
3.6

11.5
15.8
16.3
15.2
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.0

10.9
14.4
16.0
13.1
8.7
4.2
4.2
3.4

11.0
14.4
16.2
13.4
8.9
4.2
4.4
3.4

11.3
15.2
15.1
15.0
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.0

11.4
15.5
18.1
14.0
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.3

11.4
15.5
14.9
16.2
8.9
4.1
4.3
2.9

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

1996

1997

Category
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

5.7
4.9
5.1
17.8

5.5
4.8
4.8
17.0

5.5
4.9
4.8
17.1

5.5
4.8
4.7
16.8

5.5
4.7
4.9
16.6

5.3
4.6
4.7
16.2

5.4
4.6
4.9
16.7

5.2
4.2
4.7
17.0

5.2
4.5
4.6
16.0

5.2
4.4
4.7
16.3

5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8

5.3
4.4
4.9
16.5

5.4
4.6
4.6
17.0

5.0
9.5
10.6
9.4

4.8
9.3
10.3
9.5

4.8
9.6
10.8
9.8

4.8
9.4
10.5
9.5

4.8
9.3
10.3
9.2

4.6
9.1
10.2
8.8

4.7
9.3
10.5
8.9

4.5
8.9
10.4
8.8

4.5
9.2
10.7
8.3

4.5
9.3
10.7
8.2

4.6
9.1
10.6
8.3

4.6
9.2
10.5
7.7

4.6
9.4
10.8
8.3

3.2
3.9
8.2

3.1
3.8
7.6

3.1
3.5
7.7

3.0
3.7
7.3

3.0
3.7
8.5

3.0
3.6
7.8

3.0
3.5
8.8

2.9
3.4
8.5

3.0
3.4
8.3

3.0
3.5
8.5

3.0
3.6
8.8

3.0
3.7
8.4

2.8
3.3
9.1

2.4
4.5
5.5
8.3
8.1

2.3
4.5
5.8
8.2
7.7

2.4
4.4
5.8
8.3
7.8

2.3
4.4
5.6
7.9
7.8

2.3
4.6
5.4
8.3
8.7

2.4
4.2
5.3
8.0
7.5

2.4
4.6
5.5
7.8
6.7

2.2
4.4
5.3
8.0
6.4

2.3
4.5
5.4
7.5
7.1

2.2
4.5
5.5
7.7
7.0

2.3
4.5
5.7
7.7
7.7

2.4
4.6
5.4
7.6
7.7

2.1
4.4
5.3
7.9
7.5

5.8
6.4
5.2
10.9
5.0
4.5
5.7
5.6
3.9
6.7
2.8
5.6
2.8
10.7

5.6
6.2
6.3
10.8
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.4
4.0
6.4
2.3
5.6
2.9
10.6

5.7
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.5
4.2
6.7
2.5
5.5
2.8
10.7

5.6
6.1
4.6
10.3
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.5
4.2
6.5
2.4
5.6
2.9
11.0

5.7
6.2
2.2
10.2
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.5
4.2
6.5
2.6
5.7
3.2
10.3

5.5
6.0
4.9
9.6
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.2
4.4
6.4
2.6
5.1
2.8
9.6

5.5
5.8
3.0
9.8
4.7
4.3
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.3
2.8
5.5
3.1
9.1

5.4
5.7
4.5
9.1
4.7
4.0
5.8
5.2
4.1
6.3
2.5
5.2
2.8
7.6

5.3
5.6
5.1
9.3
4.4
4.2
4.7
5.2
4.1
6.2
3.0
5.3
3.0
10.8

5.3
5.8
5.8
9.6
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.4
6.2
2.9
5.0
2.9
10.0

5.5
6.1
4.9
10.3
4.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
3.5
6.3
2.9
5.3
2.8
10.9

5.4
5.9
7.6
9.4
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.2
4.0
6.2
3.1
5.2
3.0
10.3

5.4
6.0
6.0
10.1
4.6
4.4
4.8
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.5
4.9
2.9
8.6

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey,

(Numbers in thousands)
1996

1997

Reason
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

3,586
1,106
2,480
835
2,481
620

3,543
1,041
2,502
749
2,499
603

3,508
1,031
2,477
783
2,538
593

3,535
1,092
2,443
723
2,487
567

3,409
1,070
2,339
688
2,709
546

3,399 3,348 3,095 3,236 3,171 3,261 3,221 3,245
1,000
980
931
989
957
994
987
953
2,399 2,368 2,164 2,247 2,214 2,267 2,234 2,293
754
702
775
800
797
825
845
890
2,437 2,522 2,467 2,441 2,489 2,523 2,556 2,505
545
590
552
559
577
586
626
600

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
47.7 47.9 47.3 48.3 46.4 48.0 46.4 44.9 46.0 45.1 45.3 44.4 44.8
14.7 14.1 13.9 14.9 14.6 14.1 13.6 13.5 14.1 13.6 13.8 13.6 13.2
33.0 33.8 33.4 33.4 31.8 33.9 32.8 31.4 31.9 31.5 31.5 30.8 31.7
11.1 10.1 10.5
9.4
9.9
9.9 10.5 11.2 11.4 11.3 11.5 11.7 12.3
33.0 33.8 34.2 34.0 36.8 34.4 35.0 35.8 34.7 35.4 35.1 35.3 34.6
8.2
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.4
7.7
8.2
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.6
8.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.7
.6
1.9
.5

2.7
.6
1.9
.5

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population

2.6
.6
1.9
.4

2.6
.5
1.9
.4

2.5
.5
2.0
.4

2.5
.5
1.8
.4

2.5
.6
1.9
.4

2.3
.6
1.8
.4

2.4
.6
1.8
.4

2.4
.6
1.8
.4

2.4
.6
1.9
.4

2.4
.6
1.9
.5

2.4
.7
1.8
.4

controls used in the household survey.

A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1996
Duration
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

2,774
2,370
2,369
1,114
1,255

2,736
2,291
2,322
1,097
1,225

2,632
2,305
2,406
1,102
1,304

2,450
2,330
2,387
1,098
1,289

2,754
2,310
2,354
1,048
1,306

2,544
2,201
2,353
1,051
1,302

2,603
2,307
2,326
994
1,332

2,534
2,199
2,273
1,003
1,270

2,522
2,245
2,277
1,040
1,237

2,556
2,265
2,294
1,062
1,232

2,819
2,252
2,184
1,018
1,166

2,671
2,357
2,179
976
1,203

2,801
2,223
2,155
943
1,212

16.2
8.2

16.6
8.1

17.2
8.2

17.3
8.6

16.9
8.4

17.2
8.1

16.9
8.5

17.2
8.5

16.9
8.6

16.7
8.3

16.0
7.7

15.8
7.8

16.0
7.7

100.0
36.9
31.5
31.5
14.8
16.7

100.0
37.2
31.2
31.6
14.9
16.7

100.0
35.8
31.4
32.8
15.0
17.8

100.0
34.2
32.5
33.3
15.3
18.0

100.0
37.1
31.1
31.7
14.1
17.6

100.0
35.8
31.0
33.2
14.8
18.3

100.0
36.0
31.9
32.1
13.7
18.4

100.0
36.2
31.4
32.4
14.3
18.1

100.0
35.8
31.9
32.3
14.8
17.6

100.0
35.9
31.8
32.2
14.9
17.3

100.0
38.9
31.0
30.1
14.0
16.1

100.0
37.1
32.7
30.2
13.5
16.7

100.0
39.0
31.0
30.0
13.1
16.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)

—
January 1997
Civilian labor force

Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

202,285
15,318
7,868
7,450
17,475
116,348
39,905
18,948
20,957
43,572
22,479
21,093
32,870
18,364
14,506
21,177
11,335
9,842
31,967
9,647
8,483
13,837

134,317
7,251
2,815
4,437
13,229
97,636
33,506
15,961
17,545
37,012
19,016
17,996
27,118
15,428
11,690
12,262
7,773
4,489
3,940
2,136

1,121
682

66.4
47.3
35.8
59.6
75.7
83.9
84.0
84.2
83.7
84.9
84.6
85.3
82.5
84.0
80.6
57.9
68.6
45.6
12.3
22.1
13.2
4.9

126,384
5,952
2,293
3,659
11,833
92,955
31,642
14,965
16,677
35,215
18,019
17,196
26,098
14,865
11,233
11,858
7,529
4,330
3,785
2,030

1,080
675

62.5
38.9
29.1
49.1
67.7
79.9
79.3
79.0
79.6

80.8
80.2
81.5
79.4
80.9
77.4
56.0
66.4
44.0
11.8
21.0
12.7
4.9

3,036
202
89
113
333
1,873
635
291
343
730
371
359
509
282
227
364
205
159
265
123

86
56

123,348
5,750
2,204
3,546
11,501

91,082
31,007
14,673
16,334
34,485
17,648
16,837
25,589
14,583

11,006
11,494
7,324
4,171
3,521
1,907
994
619

7,933
1,299
521
778
1,395
4,681
1,864
996
868
1,797
998
800
1,020
563
457
403
244
159
154

106
41
7

5.9
17.9
18.5
17.5
10.5
4.8
5.6
6.2
4.9
4.9
5.2
4.4
3.8
3.6
3.9
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.9
5.0
3.7
1.1

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

97,264
7,817
4,064
3.754
8.755
57,112
19,642
9,314
10,328
21,468
11,074
10,394

16,002
8,972
7,030
10,119
5,455
4,664
13,460
4,411
3,737
5,313

72,117
3,688
1,409
2,279
7,084
52,310
18,224
8,618
9,605
19,811
10,252
9,559
14,275
8,093
6,182
6,724
4,250
2,475
2,311
1,215
664
432

74.1
47.2
34.7
60.7
80.9
91.6
92.8
92.5
93.0
92.3
92.6
92.0
89.2
90.2
87.9
66.5
77.9
53.1
17.2
27.5
17.8
8.1

67,640
2,947
1,085
1,863
6,241
49,751
17,304
8,116
9,188
18,788
9,695
9,093
13,660
7,772
5,888
6,487
4,110
2,377
2,213
1,142
642
430

69.5
37.7
26.7
49.6
71.3
87.1
88.1
87.1
89.0
87.5
87.5
87.5
85.4

86.6
83.7
64.1
75.3
51.0
16.4
25.9
17.2
8.1

2,294
162
70
92
259
1,389
473
221
252
540
277
263
376
217
159
271
155

65,346
2,785
1,014
1,771
5,981
48,363
16,831
7,895
8,936
18,248
9,418
8,830
13,284
7,555
5,729
6,217
3,955

116

2,262
2,000

213
94
72
48

1,048
570
382

4,477
741
324
416
843
2,559
920
503
417
1,024
557
466
615
321
294
237
140
97
97
73
23
2

6.2
20.1
23.0
18.3
11.9
4.9
5.0
5.8
4.3
5.2
5.4
4.9
4.3
4.0
4.8
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.2

6.0
3.5
.4

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .




105,022
7,501
3,805
3,697
8,720
59,236
20,264
9,634
10,630
22,104
11,405
10,699
16,868
9,393
7,476
11,058
5,881
5,177
18,507
5,236
4,746
8,524

62,200
3,563
1,406
2,158
6,145
45,326
15,282
7,343
7,940
17,201
8,764
8,437
12,843
7,335
5,508
5,538
3,523
2,014
1,629
921
457
251

59.2
47.5
36.9
58.4
70.5
76.5
75.4
76.2
74.7
77.8
76.8
78.9
76.1
78.1
73.7
50.1
59.9
38.9
8.8
17.6
9.6
2.9

58,744
3,004
1,209
1,796
5,593
43,204
14,338
6,849
7,489
16,427
8,324
8,103
12,438
7,093
5,345
5,371
3,419
1,952
1,572
888
439
245

55.9
40.1
31.8
48.6
64.1
72.9
70.8
71.1
70.5
74.3
73.0
75.7
73.7
75.5
71.5
48.6
58.1
37.7
8.5
17.0
9.2
2.9

742
39
19
21
73
485

162
71
91
190
94
96
133
65
68
93
50
43
52
29
15
8

58,001
2,965
1,190
1,775
5.519
42,719
14,176
6,779
7,398
16,237
8,230
8,007
12,305
7,028
5.277
5.278
3,369
1,909
1.520
859
424
237

3,457
559
197
362
552
2,122
944
494
450
774
440
334
404
242
163
167
104
62
57
33
18
6

5.6
15.7
14.0
16.8
9.0
4.7

6.2
6.7
5.7
4.5
5.0
4.0
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.9
2.3

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Civilian labor force

Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Employed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

-

169,436
12,124
6,212
5,911
13,956
96,584
32,452
15,337
17,115
36,171
18,570
17,600
27,962
15,548
12,414
18,283
9,775
8,508
28,490
8,440
7,589
12,461

113,338
6,174
2,425
3,749
10,896
81,992
27,531
13,052
14,479
31,071
15,871
15,200
23,389
13,216
10,173
10,764
6,824
3,941
3,512
1,888
1,026

66.9
50.9
39.0
63.4
78.1
84.9
84.8
85.1
84.6
85.9
85.5
86.4
83.6
85.0
81.9
58.9
69.8
46.3
12.3
22.4
13.5
4.8

107,425
5,198
2,039
3,160
9,898
78,541
26,213
12,350
13,863
29,761
15,132
14,629
22,568
12,758
9,810
10,400
6,603
3,797
3,387
1,801
995
591

63.4
42.9
32.8
53.5
70.9
81.3
80.8
80.5
81.0
82.3
81.5
83.1
80.7
82.1
79.0
56.9
67.5
44.6
11.9
21.3
13.1
4.7

2,859
192
88
105
311
1,756
601
283
319
689
356
333
466
259
207
341

188
153
258
120
87
51

104,566
5,006
1,951
3,055
9,587
76,785
25,611
12,067
13,544
29,071
14,776
14,295
22,102
12,499
9,604
10,059
6,415
3,644
3,129
1,681
908
540

5,913
976
386
589
998
3,450
1,319
703
616
1,311
739
571
821
459
362
364
221
143
124
86
31
7

5.2
15.8
15.9
15.7
9.2
4.2
4.8
5.4
4.3
4.2
4.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.5
4.6
3.0
1.2

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

82,260

6,226
3,210
3,016
7,069
48,115
16,217
7,660
8,558
18,081
9,295
8,786
13,817
7,715
6,102
8,813
4,746
4,066
12,037
3,898
3,343
4,796

61,880
3,189
1,204
1,985
5,933
44,682
15,265
7,192
8,073
16,906
8,730
8,176
12,512
7,062
5,450
5,983
3,775
2,208
2,092
1,088
623
382

75.2
51.2
37.5
65.8
83.9
92.9
94.1
93.9
94.3
93.5
93.9
93.1
90.5
91.5
89.3
67.9
79.5
54.3
17.4
27.9
18.6
8.0

58,442
2,639
973

1,666
5,297
42,725
14,561
6,823
7,739
16,155
8,307
7,848
12,009
6,795
5,214
5,767
3,651
2,116
2,014
1,029
380

71.0
42.4
30.3
55.2
74.9
88.8
89.8
89.1
90.4
89.3
89.4
89.3
86.9
88.1
85.4
65.4
76.9
52.0
16.7
26.4
18.1
7.9

2,144
155
69

86
244
1,289
444
214
230
507
263
244
338
197
141
249
139
111
206
91
72
43

56,298
2,483
904
1,579
5,053
41,436
14,117
6,609
7,508
15,648
8,044
7,604
11,671
6,598
5,073
5,518
3,512
2,006
1,808
938
533
337

3,438
550
232
319
637
1,957
703
369
334
751
423
328
503
267
236
216
125
92
78
59
17
2

5.6
17.3
19.2
16.1
10.7
4.4
4.6
5.1
4.1
4.4
4.8
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.6
3.3
4.2
3.7
5.4
2.7
.4

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




87,177
5,898
3,003
2,895
6,887
48,469
16,234
7,677
8,558
18,090
9,275
8,814
14,145
7,833
6,312
9,470
5,029
4,441
16,454
4,542
4,247
7,665

51,458
2,985
1,221
1,764
4,963
37,310
12,266
5,860
6,406
14,166
7,141
7,024
10,877
6,155
4,723
4,781
3,048
1,733
1,420
800
404
216

59.0
50.6
40.7
60.9
72.1
77.0
75.6
76.3
74.9
78.3
77.0
79.7
76.9
78.6
74.8
50.5
60.6
39.0
8.6
17.6
9.5
2.8

48,983
2,560
1,066
1,494
4,601
35,816
11,651
5,527
6,124
13,606
6,825
6,781
10,559
5,963
4,596
4,633
2,952
1,681
1,373
773
390
210

56.2
43.4
35.5
51.6
66.8
73.9
71.8
72.0
71.6
75.2
73.6
76.9
74.7
76.1
72.8
48.9
58.7
37.8
8.3
17.0
9.2
2.7

715
37
19
18
67
467
157

182
93
89
128
62
66
92
49
42
52
29
15
8

48,268
2,523
1,047
1,476
4,534
35,349
11,494
5,458
6,036
13,423
6,732
6,692
10,431
5,901
4,531
4,541
2,903
1,639
1,321
744
375
203

2,475
425
155
271
362
1,493
615
333
282
560
316
244
318
192
127
148
96
52
47
27
14
6

4.8
14.3
12.7
15.3
7.3
4.0
5.0
5.7
4.4
4.0
4.4
3.5
2.9
3.1
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.5
2.7

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Civilian labor force

Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Total

Not
Nonagricultural
industries

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

56.5
23.4
15.3
32.5
53.4
72.4
72.8
72.7
72.8
73.4
73.6
73.1
70.4
73.6
65.8
48.7
58.3
37.4
10.3
16.6
9.7
5.6

93
7

Percent
of
labor
force

Number

labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

23,847
2,397
1,267
1.129
2,507
14,175
5,311
2,576
2,735
5,366
2,847
2,519
3,498
2,057
1,441
2.130
1,153
977
2,639
883
700
1,057

15,141
833
308
525
1,685

11,262
4,321
2,120
2,201
4,319
2,306
2,014
2,621
1,601
1,020
1,072
694
378
290
157
74
59

63.5
34.8
24.3
46.5
67.2
79.4
81.4
82.3
80.5
80.5
81.0
79.9
74.9
77.8
70.8
50.3
60.2
38.7
11.0
17.8
10.5
5.6

13,474
560
194
367
1,338
10,264
3,865
1,874
1,991
3,937
2,096
1,841
2,463
1,514
948
1,038
672
366
273
146
68
59

13,381
553
194
360
1,329
10,199
3,847
1,871
1,976
3,919
2,086
1,833
2,433
1,501
932
1,031
667
364
269
145

7
10
65
18
2
15
18

10
8
30
13
16
7
6
2
4
1

68

1,667
272
114
158
346
998
456
246
210
383
210
173
159
87
72
34
21
13
17
11
6

56

11.0
32.7
37.1
30.1
20.6
8.9
10.6
11.6
9.5
8.9
9.1
8.6
6.0
5.4
7.0
3.2
3.1
3.4
5.8
6.9
1
()
0

8,706
1,564
959
604

822
2,913
990
456
534
1,047
541
506
876
456
421
1,058
459
598
2,350
726
626

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

10,688
1,177
645
533
1,146
6,405
2,381
1,153
1,228
2,450
1,315
1,135
1,574
933
641
921
503
418
1,039
362
304
373

7,128
379

162
217
783
5,358
2,057
1,001
1,057
2,066
1,109
957
1,235
753
482
476
318
157
132
77
27
27

66.7
32.2
25.1
40.8
68.3
83.6
86.4
86.8
86.1
84.3
84.3
84.3
78.4
80.7
75.1
51.7
63.3
37.6
12.7
21.4
8.9
7.4

6,277
216
82
134
609
4,873
1,879
892
987
1,852
1,003
848
1,142
706
436
458
305
153

122

58.7
18.3
12.7
25.1
53.2
76.1
78.9
77.4
80.4
75.6
76.3
74.7
72.5
75.7
68.0
49.7
60.7
36.6
11.7
19.0
8.3
7.4

81
5
5
4
61
15
1
14
17
10
7
28
13
17
7
6
2
3
1

6,196

211
82
129
605
4,812
1,864
891
973
1,834
993
841
1,113
692
421
451
299
152
118
68
26
24

851
164
80
83
174
485
178
108
70
214
106
109
93
47
46
18
13
4
10

11.9
43.2
49.6
38.4
22.2
9.1
8.7
10.8
6.6
10.4
9.5
11.3
7.5
6.3
9.5
3.7
4.2
2.7
7.9
11.0
0)
O

3,560
798
483
315
363
1,047
323
152
171
384
206
178
340

180
160
445
184
261
907
285
277
346

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
1

13,159
1,219
623
597
1,361
7,769
2,930
1,423
1,507
2,916
1,531
1,384
1,923
1,124
799
1,209
650
559
1,601
521
396
684

8,013
454
146
308
902
5,904
2,264
1,119
1,145
2,253
1,197
1,057
1,387
848
539
597
376
221
158

80
46
32

60.9
37.2
23.4
51.6
66.2
76.0
77.3
78.7
75.9
77.3
78.1
76.3
72.1
75.4
67.4
49.4
57.8
39.6
9.8
15.3
11.7
4.6

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used In the




7,197
345

112
233
729
5,391
1,986
981
1,004
2,085
1,092
992
1,321

808
512
580
368
212
151
77
42
32

54.7
28.3
18.0
39.0
53.6
69.4
67.8
69.0
66.6
71.5
71.3
71.7
88.7
71.9
64.1
48.0
56.5
38.0
9.4
14.9
10.7
4.6
household survey.

12
2
2
6
4
2
1
1

7,185
343
112
231
724
5,388
1,983
980
1,003
2,084
1,092
992
1,320
809
511
580
368
212
151
77
42
32

816
109
34
75
172
512
278
138
140
169
104
64

66
39
26
17
8
9
6
2
4

10.2
24.0
23.2
24.3
19.1
8.7
12.3
12.3
12.3
7.5
8.7
6.1
4.7
4.7
4.9
2.8
2.1
3.9
4.1
2.9
0
0)

5,146
766
477
289
459
1,866
666
304
363
662
335
327
537
276
261
612
275
338
1,443
441
350
652

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

199,634
131,396
65.8
123,126
3,068
120,058
8,270
6.3
68,238

202,285
134,317
66.4
126,384
3,036
123,348
7,933
5.9
67,968

88,223
66,990
75.9
63,129
2,147
60,982
3,861
5.8
21,233

89,446
68,429
76.5
64,693
2,132
62,561
3,736
5.5
21,018

96,717
57,352
59.3
54,264
748
53,516
3,088
5.4
39,365

97,520
58,637
60.1
55,739
703
55,036
2,898
4.9
38,883

14,694
7,054
48.0
5,733
173
5,560
1,322
18.7
7,640

15,318
7,251
47.3
5,952
202
5,750
1,299
17.9
8,067

167,669
111,180
66.3
104,900
2,925
101,975
6,280
5.6
56,489

169,436
113,338
66.9
107,425
2,859
104,566
5,913
5.2
56,098

75,209
57,593
76.6
54,606
2,040
52,566
2,987
5.2
17,616

76,034
58,691
77.2
55,803
1,988
53,815
2,888
4.9
17,343

80,840
47,546
58.8
45,285
720
44,565
2,261
4.8
33,294

81,279
48,473
59.6
46,423
678
45,745
2,050
4.2
32,806

11,620
6,041
52.0
5,008
165
4,843
1,033
17.1
5,579

12,124
6,174
50.9
5,198
192
5,006
976
15.8
5,950

23,424
14,752
63.0
13,152
70
13,083
1,600
10.8
8,671

23,847
15,141
63.5
13,474
93
13,381
1,667
11.0
8,706

9,351
6,657
71.2
5,969
58
5,911
689
10.3
2,693

9,511
6,749
71.0
6,061
76
5,985
687
10.2
2,762

11,765
7,315
62.2
6,651
12
6,639
664
9.1
4,450

11,940
7,560
63.3
6,852
10
6,842
708
9.4
4,380

2,308
780
33.8
532

2,397
833
34.8
560
7
553
272
32.7
1,564

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




controls used in the household survey.

-

533
248
31.8
1,528

A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

17,849
12,093
5,757

8,400
4,904
3,495

47.1
40.6
60.7

7,362
4,185
3,177

1,361
377
983

6,001
3,807
2,194

1,038
720
318

231
111
119

808
608
199

12.4
14.7
9.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

9,365
8,485
7,121
1,364

3,464
4,936
3,786
1,150

37.0
58.2
53.2
84.3

2,869
4,492
3,409
1,083

152
1,209
565
644

2,717
3,284
2,845
439

594
444
377
67

76
154
119
35

518
289
258
32

17.2
9.0
10.0
5.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,979
6,182
2,797

4,050
2,389
1,661

45.1
38.6
59.4

3,435
1,962
1,473

666
198
469

2,769
1,765
1,004

615
427
188

155
73
82

460
354
106

15.2
17.9
11.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,929
4,050
3,483
567

1,759
2,291
1,802
488

35.7
56.6
51.7
86.1

1,392
2,043
1,592
450

88
579
312
266

1,305
1,464
1,280
184

367
248
210
38

59
96
78
18

309
151
132
20

20.9
10.8
11.6
7.7

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,870
5,911
2,960

4,350
2,515
1,834

49.0
42.6
62.0

3,927
2,222
1,704

694
180
515

3,232
2,043
1,189

423
293
130

76
38
37

347
255
93

9.7
11.6
7.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,436
4,434
3,638
797

1,704
2,645
1,984
662

38.4
59.7
54.5
83.0

1,477
2,450
1,817
633

64
630
252
378

1,413
1,820
1,564
255

227
196
167
29

18
58
41
17

210
138
126
12

13.3
7.4
8.4
4.4

14,290
9,586
4,704

7,280
4,280
3,000

50.9
44.6
63.8

6,463
3,718
2,745

1,173
344
829

5,291
3,375
1,916

816
561
255

187
90
98

629
472
157

11.2
13.1
8.5

Men
Women

7,160
7,130

3,535
3,745

49.4
52.5

3,058
3,406

578
595

2,480
2,811

477
339

128
59

349
280

13.5
9.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,323
6,968
5,831
1,137

2,963
4,316
3,334
982

40.5
61.9
57.2
86.4

2,517
3,946
3,013
934

134
1,039
479
560

2,383
2,907
2,534
374

446
370
321
49

58
130
100
30

389
240
221
19

15.1
8.6
9.6
5.0

2,436
1,830
606

769
462
307

31.6
25.2
50.6

592
332
260

141
26
114

451
305
146

177
130
47

40
21
19

137
109
28

23.0
28.1
15.3

Men
Women

1,220
1,217

334
434

27.4
35.7

228
364

54
86

174
277

106
71

23
17

83
54

31.8
16.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,580
856
704
152

392
377
265
111

24.8
44.0
37.7
73.3

264
328
233
95

16
124
64
60

248
204
169
35

128
49
33
16

18
22
17
5

110
27
16
11

32.7
12.9
12.4
14.2

2,045
1,456
588

845
454
390

41.3
31.2
66.3

678
334
344

150
48
102

528
286
242

166
120
46

46
20
26

120
100
20

19.7
26.5
11.8

Men
Women

1,051
994

424
421

40.3
42.3

348
331

87
63

261
267

76
90

27
20

49
71

17.9
21.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,270
775
572
203

352
492
318
174

27.7
63.5
55.6
85.9

245
433
274
160

27
123
58
65

218
310
215
95

107
59
44
15

18
28
18
10

89
31
26
5

30.4
12.0
13.9
8.4

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hlepanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,944
3,226
11,719

12,080
2,347
9,733

80.8
72.8
83.1

10,424
1,767
8,656

8,542
1,221
7,322

1,881
547
1,335

1,656
580
1,077

1,511
498
1,013

145
82
63

13.7
24.7
11.1

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,922
6,373
3,319
1,330

2,578
5,262
2,980
1,259

65.7
82.6
89.8
94.7

1,976
4,525
2,717
1,205

1,557
3,637
2,229
1,119

419
888
488
85

602
737
263
54

544
689
230
48

58
48
33
6

23.3
14.0
8.8
4.3

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,594
1,635
5,959

6,722
1,299
5,423

88.5
79.5
91.0

5,753
985
4,768

5,037
762
4,275

716
223
493

969
314
655

918
280
638

51
34
17

14.4
24.2
12.1

2,144
3,286
1,567
597

1,694
2,966
1,481
581

79.0
90.2
94.5
97.3

1,318
2,539
1,346
551

1,135
2,210
1,171
520

183
328
175
31

376
427
136
30

350
416
126
26

26
11
10
4

22.2
14.4
9.1
5.1

7,351
1,591
5,760

5,358
1,048
4,310

72.9
65.9
74.8

4,671
782
3,889

3,506
458
3,047

1,165
324
841

688
266
422

594
218
376

94
48
46

12.8
25.4
9.8

1,778
3,087
1,752
733

884
2,297
1,499
679

49.7
74.4
85.6
92.6

658
1,986
1,372
654

422
1,426
1,058
599

237
560
313
55

225
310
127
25

194
274
104
22

32
37
23
2

25.5
13.5
8.5
3.6

11,789
2,537
9,252

9,791
1,894
7,896

83.0
74.7
85.4

8,633
1,480
7,153

7,098
1,050
6,048

1,535
430
1,105

1,158
415
744

1,044
346
698

114
68
46

11.8
21.9
9.4

Men
Women

6,135
5,654

5,588
4,203

91.1
74.3

4,878
3,755

4,287
2,811

591
944

710
448

667
377

42
71

12.7
10.7

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,075
4,977
2,631
1,106

2,116
4,238
2,376
1,062

68.8
85.1
90.3
96.0

1,698
3,717
2,202
1,016

1,378
2,965
1,811
943

320
752
390
73

418
521
174
45

372
475
158
39

46
45
16
6

19.7
12.3
7.3
4.3

2,467
567
1,900

1,749
371
1,378

70.9
65.4
72.5

1,307
229
1,078

1,020
123
897

287
105
182

442
142
299

414
130
285

28
13
15

25.3
38.4
21.7

Men
Women

1,104
1,364

828
921

75.0
67.5

597
710

500
520

97
190

231
210

222
192

9
19

28.0
22.8

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

719
1,127
526
96

375
820
466
89

52.1
72.7
88.6
92.7

203
628
392
84

113
514
315
78

90
114
77
6

171
191
74
5

159
189
61
5

12
3
13

45.7
23.3
15.9
5.7

2,692
632
2,060

2,040
402
1,638

75.8
63.6
79.5

1,739
303
1,436

1,469
240
1,229

270
63
207

300
99
202

275
94
182

25
5
20

14.7
24.6
12.3

Men
Women

1,492
1,200

1,316
723

88.2
60.3

1,112
627

994
475

119
151

204
97

193
82

10
15

15.5
13.4

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,386
889
375
43

988
701
316
34

71.3
78.8
84.4

807
615
284
34

706
492
238
33

101
123
46
1

182
86
32
1

169
79
26
1

13
6
6

18.4
12.2
10.2

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

-

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin




0

0

groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

January 1997
1

Unemployed

Employed
Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race

LOOKing

Total

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

1 AZ-tlsin^
LOOKing

for
full-time
work

for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

102,692
1,598
170
1,428
101,094
8,305
92,789
81,481
11,308

88,404
1,285
133
1,152
87,119
7,014
80,106
70,601
9,505

11,287
266
33
232
11,021
1,085
9,937
8,638
1,298

3,001
48
4
44
2,953
207
2,747
2,242
505

23,692
4,354
2,123
2,231
19,338
3,528
15,810
11,474
4,336

2,998
248
17
231
2,750
579
2,172
1,968
203

19,131
3,919
2,018
1,901
15,212
2,805
12,407
8,703
3,705

1,562
187
88
99
1,375
144
1,231
803
428

6,343
609
119
491
5,733
1,132
4,601
4,199
402

1,591
690
403
287
901
263
638
482
156

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

60,024
960
59,064
4,743
54,320
47,447
6,874

52,601
761
51,841
4,038
47,802
41,920
5,882

5,707
168
5,539
586
4,953
4,293
659

1,715
31
1,684
119
1,565
1,234
332

7,617
1,988
5,629
1,498
4,132
2,304
1,827

1,243
107
1,136
280
856
758
97

5,801
1,792
4,009
1,150
2,859
1,338
1,522

572
88
484
67
417
208
208

3,764
353
3,411
720
2,692
2,433
259

713
388
325
124
201
126
75

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

42,668
638
42,030
3,562
38,468
34,034
4,434

35,803
524
35,279
2,976
32,303
28,681
3,622

5,580
97
5,483
499
4,984
4,345
639

1,285
17
1,269
88
1,181
1,008
173

16,075
2,367
13,709
2,031
11,678
9,170
2,509

1,755
141
1,614
298
1,316
1,210
106

13,330
2,127
11,203
1,655
9,548
7,365
2,183

990
98
892
77
814
594
220

2,579
257
2,322
413
1,909
1,767
143

878
302
576
139
437
356
81

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

51,843
858
50,985
4,006
46,979
40,850
6,129

45,367
681
44,686
3,409
41,277
36,067
5,210

4,989
150
4,839
485
4,354
3,750
604

1,488
28
1,460
112
1,348
1,033
314

6,599
1,780
4,819
1,291
3,528
1,875
1,653

985
89
896
230
666
583
83

5,118
1,615
3,503
1,008
2,495
1,122
1,373

495
76
419
52
367
171
197

2,885
259
2,626
536
2,089
1,866
224

553
291
262
100
162
91
70

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

34,811
535
34,276
2,871
31,404
27,614
3,791

29,162
435
28,726
2,411
26,315
23,210
3,105

4,634
84
4,551
416
4,135
3,590
544

1,015
16
999
45
954
813
141

14,172
2,025
12,147
1,730
10,417
8,203
2,215

1,361
96
1,265
240
1,025
946
79

11,913
1,847
10,066
1,426
8,640
6,711
1,929

898
82
816
63
752
545
207

1,754
177
1,577
259
1,318
1,192
125

722
249
473
103
370
301
69

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,595
63
5,532
491
5,041
4,559
482

4,880
46
4,834
420
4,414
3,985
429

546
17
529
68
462
425
37

168

682
153
529
118
411
314
97

194
16
178
39
139
136
3

438
132
307
69
238
151
87

50
6
45
10
35
27
7

724
84
640
162
478
452
26

127
80
47
12
35
33
2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,850
87
5,763
519
5,244
4,743
501

4,907
75
4,832
426
4,406
4,009
397

745
12
733
62
671
595
76

1,347
258
1,089
210
879
649
230

315
44
271
49
222
201
21

967
204
763
149
614
414
200

65
10
55
12
43
34
9

701
67
634
142
493
478
15

115
42
74
31
43
34
8

White

Black

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual
weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the
reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual
status.




-

169
4
165
149
16
198
-

198
32
166
138
28

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for
working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

16 years
and over

16 years
and over
Jan.
1996

Women

Men

Total

Jan.
1997

123,126 126,384

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

66,006

67,640

63,129

64,693

57,119

58,744

54,264

55,739

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

35,614
17,015
708
11,945
4,363
18,598
2,007
1,317
526
964
2,688
860
4,645
924
4,667

37,357
17,979
695
12,841
4,442
19,378
2,033
1,455
534
984
2,753
928
4,999
940
4,751

18,205
9,588
366
7,340
1,881
8,617
1,801
892
369
728
343
499
1,135
676
2,173

19,233
10,112
381
7,825
1,907
9,121
1,822
1,009
378
757
366
517
1,265
701
2,305

18,124
9,556
365
7,314
1,877
8,568
1,802
889
369
727
343
494
1,130
676
2,138

19,123
10,077
381
7,800
1,896
9,046
1,822
1,004
378
757
366
511
1,249
701
2,257

17,409
7,427
341
4,605
2,482
9,982
206
425
157
236
2,345
361
3,509
248
2,494

18,124
7,866
314
5,016
2,536
10,257
211
446
156
227
2,387
411
3,734
238
2,446

17,293
7,389
341
4,583
2,465
9,904
204
425
155
236
2,344
358
3,473
246
2,463

17,990
7,811
314
4,979
2,517
10,180
211
446
156
227
2,386
400
3,693
238
2,422

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

36,761
3,808
1,621
1,093
1,093
15,152
4,548
2,402
1,513
6,593
95
17,801
654
400
3,770
2,220
958
9,800

37,744
4,055
1,655
1,192
1,208
15,251
4,494
2,487
1,504
6,680
86
18,438
717
404
3,730
2,257
944
10,386

13,003
1,780
320
848
612
7,623
2,849
1,381
1,147
2,230
15
3,601
245
139
86
205
598
2,327

13,525
1,999
356
941
702
7,632
2,779
1,386
1,150
2,301
16
3,894
294
163
94
178
566
2,600

12,327
1,737
310
824
603
7,151
2,828
1,365
1,139
1,803
17
3,438
245
136
83
201
571
2,202

12,805
1,960
352
916
692
7,160
2,738
1,374
1,146
1,886
16
3,686
294
158
86
178
549
2,422

23,758
2,028
1,301
246
482
7,529
1,699
1,021
366
4,363
80
14,200
409
261
3,684
2,015
359
7,472

24,219
2,055
1,299
251
506
7,619
1,715
1,101
354
4,379
70
14,544
423
241
3,637
2,079
378
7,787

22,194
1,999
1,288
233
477
6,537
1,674
1,000
363
3,420
79
13,658
409
257
3,581
1,992
353
7,066

22,622
2,039
1,292
241
505
6,600
1,697
1,078
348
3,409
68
13,983
420
234
3,537
2,046
362
7,384

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

16,487
760
2,145
13,581
5,388
2,336
3,129
2,728

16,793
827
2,095
13,871
5,731
2,416
2,959
2,766

6,627
27
1,804
4,796
2,291
281
1,691
534

6,581
35
1,714
4,832
2,383
273
1,680
495

5,798
22
1,771
4,005
1,711
270
1,585
439

5,763
22
1,675
4,067
1,776
271
1,588
433

9,860
733
342
8,785
3,098
2,055
1,439
2,194

10,212
792
381
9,039
3,348
2,142
1,279
2,270

8,873
671
325
7,877
2,478
1,963
1,380
2,056

9,176
691
361
8,124
2,683
2,073
1,240
2,129

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,302
4,467
4,874
3,960

13,610
4,445
5,218
3,947

12,187
4,302
4,774
3,111

12,413
4,289
5,105
3,018

11,976
4,234
4,675
3,067

12,165
4,223
4,967
2,975

1,115
165
100
849

1,197
156
113
929

1,103
163
100
840

1,170
151
110
909

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,755
7,944
5,114
3,797
1,317
4,697
666
4,032

17,854
7,882
5,135
3,928
1,207
4,837
685
4,152

13,370
4,934
4,621
3,370
1,251
3,816
646
3,170

13,433
4,945
4,626
3,472
1,154
3,863
648
3,215

12,461
4,760
4,502
3,277
1,225
3,198
587
2,611

12,559
4,780
4,536
3,391
1,145
3,243
616
2,627

4,385
3,010
493
427
66
882
20
862

4,421
2,937
509
455
54
975
37
938

4,238
2,953
475
411
64
810
21
789

4,246
2,858
497
444
54
891
37
854

3,207
1,227
1,981

3,027
1,190
1,837

2,614
934
1,679

2,456
929
1,527

2,443
925
1,517

2,276
917
1,359

594
292
302

571
261
310

562
292
271

535
259
276

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

123,126
100.0

126,384
100.0

66,006
100.0

67,640
100.0

57,119
100.0

58,744
100.0

28.9
13.8
15.1
29.9
3.1
12.3
14.5
13.4
.6
1.7
11.0
10.8
14.4
6.5
4.2
3.8
2.6

29.6
14.2
15.3
29.9
3.2
12.1
14.6
13.3
.7
1.7
11.0
10.8
14.1
6.2
4.1
3.8
2.4

27.6
14.5
13.1
19.7
2.7
11.5
5.5
10.0
0
2.7
7.3
18.5
20.3
7.5
7.0
5.8
4.0

28.4
15.0
13.5
20.0
3.0
11.3
5.8
9.7
.1
2.5
7.1
18.4
19.9
7.3
6.8
5.7
3.6

30.5
13.0
17.5
41.6
3.6
13.2
24.9
17.3
1.3
.6
15.4
2.0
7.7
5.3
.9
1.5
1.0

30.9
13.4
17.5
41.2
3.5
13.0
24.8
17.4
1.3
.6
15.4
2.0
7.5
5.0
.9
1.7
1.0

104,900
100.0

107,425
100.0

57,170
100.0

58,442
100.0

47,729
100.0

48,983
100.0

29.9
14.5
15.3
30.0
3.1
12.7
14.2
12.4
.6
1.6
10.2
11.1
13.8
6.0
4.1
3.7
2.9

30.6
15.0
15.6
29.9
3.2
12.4
14.2
12.2
.6
1.5
10.0
11.2
13.4
5.9
4.0
3.5
2.6

28.4
15.3
13.1
19.9
2.7
12.1
5.1
9.2
2.6
6.6
18.8
19.4
7.1
6.8
5.6
4.3

29.3
15.8
13.5
20.0
3.0
11.8
5.3
8.9
.1
2.4
6.4
19.0
18.9
7.1
6.6
5.3
3.9

31.6
13.6
18.0
42.1
3.6
13.4
25.0
16.2
1.2
.5
14.5
1.8
7.0
4.7
.8
1.5
1.2

32.2
14.1
18.2
41.7
3.6
13.3
24.9
16.0
1.3
.5
14.3
2.0
6.9
4.5
.8
1.5
1.1

13,152
100.0

13,474
100.0

6,193
100.0

6,277
100.0

6,959
100.0

7,197
100.0

20.8
8.8
12.0
28.8
2.4
9.7
16.7
21.4
1.2
2.8
17.4
8.6
19.6
9.2
5.4
5.0
.9

20.2
8.5
11.7
29.6
2.8
8.8
17.9
21.6
1.1
2.7
17.8
8.0
19.7
8.1
5.6
6.0
.8

18.2
8.0
10.2
17.5
1.8
7.7
7.9
17.4
.1
4.4
12.9
16.1
29.1
10.6
10.0
8.4
1.8

17.6
8.0
9.6
19.1
2.9
6.8
9.5
16.5

23.1
9.5
13.6
38.8
2.8
11.5
24.5
24.9
2.2
1.4
21.3
2.0
11.1
8.0
1.3
1.9
.1

22.5
9.0
13.5
38.8
2.8
10.6
25.3
26.1
2.1
1.4
22.6
1.8
10.8
7.0
1.4
2.4
.1

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

O

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




controls used in the household survey.

-

4.2
12.3
15.1
29.9
9.4
10.5
10.0
1.7

(In thousands)
January 1997
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
1

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
emTechniAdminisadminisployed
cians
trative
Private
Profestrative,
Other
Sales support, housesional
and
and
service1
hold
specialty related
including
manasupport
clerical
gerial

3,036
553
7,792
20,591
12,467
8,124

115
93
1,212
2,892
1,723
1,170

85
41
176
2,008
1,321
687

8,724
25,892
4,824
21,068

1,192
2,342
570
1,772

590
493
79
414

8,007
46,073
946
45,127
30,923
5,715

2,325
6,547
3
6,545
3,958
1,261

310
14,784
5
14,779
13,043
891

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
equipment
and
craft,
tation
assemcleaners,
fishing
and
and
helpers,
blers,
material
repair
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

20
13
76
742
307
435

161
48
434
2,046
1,178
868

25
4
37
266
144
122

38
208
4,540
3,774
2,646
1,128

6
17
70
6,391
3,769
2,621

51
98
419
752
401
351

26
14
756
990
476
514

2,471
2
30
98
95
4

247
349
202 10,910
51 1,897
151 9,013

2,262
2,164
734
1,430

247
4,815
55
4,761

1.148
1,448
299
1.149

129
394
172
221

2,067
1,060
516
545

482
1,970
381
1,589

11
94
70
24

259
8,768
51
8,717
5,394
1,546

174
2,092
12
2,080
413
189

8
831
2
830
206
36

15
623

20
545
15
530
81
33

29
283
20
263
60
9

38
16
44
633
408
225

154
2,373
5
2,367
1,981
246

2,002
1,216
3
1,213
220
26

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

2,711
7,185
5
7,180
5,235
1,428

827
827

controls used in the household survey.

623
331
49

(In thousands)
January 1997
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Wage
SelfUnpaid
and .
employed family
salary
workers workers
workers

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,648
166
65
101
284
397
416
218
133
34

1,335
19
10
10
43
226
306
291
227
224

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,243
134
52
81
215
297
297
173
100
26

1,017
18
9
10
39
169
237
203
167
182

405
32
13
20
68
100
119
45
32
8

318
1
1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

54
16
14
2
6
12
8
-

5
7
35
10
9
1
5
7
-

3
4
19
6
-

1
1
5
2

-

4
57
68
87
60
41

-

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




1
3

Private industries
Total
Total

Private
household
workers

Other
private
industries

Unpaid
Selfemployed family
Government workers workers

113,981
5,670
2,172
3,498
11,212
29,331
31,739
23,131
10,124
2,774

95,670
5,399
2,093
3,307
10,233
25,493
26,180
17,851
8,158
2,355

941
124
56
68
102
169
173
168
136
69

94,729
5,276
2,036
3,239
10,132
25,324
26,007
17,683
8,022
2,285

18,311
270
79
191
978
3,839
5,559
5,279
1,966
420

9,219
77
30
46
281
1,638
2,711
2,424
1,347
741

59,732
2,742
1,005
1,736
5,797
15,875
16,637
11,837
5,350
1,495

51,654
2,643
974
1,669
5,374
14,155
14,237
9,495
4,447
1,302

89
22
9
13
5
23
12
15
4
8

51,565
2,621
965
1,656
5,368
14,132
14,225
9,480
4,443
1,295

8,079
99
31
67
423
1,720
2,400
2,341
903
192

5,582
42
7
35
179
946
1,606
1,441
862
505

54,249
2,928
1,167
1,761
5,414
13,457
15,102
11,294
4,774
1,280

44,016
2,756
1,119
1,638
4,860
11,338
11,944
8,356
3,711
1,052

852
102
48
55
97
146
161
153
131
62

43,164
2,654
1,071
1,583
4,763
11,192
11,782
8,203
3,579
990

10,232
171
48
123
555
2,119
3,159
2,938
1,063
227

3,637
35
23
11
102
692
1,105
983
485
235

controls used in the household survey.

148
4
2
2
8
38
35
34
23
6
32
-

2
-

5
10
5
6
4
-

116
3
-

3
3
28
31
28
19
5

January 1997
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

121,821

2,808

119,013

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

32,577
1,220
5,526
16,373
9,459

1,085
79
296
476
234

31,492
1,141
5,230
15,897
9,225

26.7
1.0
4.5
13.4
7.8

38.6
2.8
10.6
16.9
8.3

26.5
1.0
4.4
13.4
7.8

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

89,244
8,582
43,745
36,917
13,959
13,716
9,243

1,723
90
609
1,024
256
331
437

87,521
8,492
43,136
35,893
13,703
13,385
8,805

73.3
7.0
35.9
30.3
11.5
11.3
7.6

61.4
3.2
21.7
36.5
9.1
11.8
15.6

73.5
7.1
36.2
30.2
11.5
11.2
7.4

38.7
42.8

38.0
44.5

38.7
42.8

_

_

_

-

-

-

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum
to the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the

redesigned survey. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

32,577

11,287

21,290

4,541
2,735
1,474
157
175

1,701
1,436

2,841
1,299
1,474
67

Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




-

90
175

-

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

31,492

10,855

20,637

4,338
2,603
1,447
117
172

1,580
1,339

2,759
1,264
1,447
47

9,275
95
719

1,765
268
3,079
3,272

3,753

23.5
25.8

21.6
19.2

Total

28,036
886
5,580
707
6,362
1,928
1,801
268
3,284
7,220

9,586
94
737

1,801
268
3,284
3,323

3,897

27,154
884
5,416
688
6,229
1,801
1,765
268
3,079
7,024

22.2
21.3

23.4
25.6

21.5
19.1

22.3
21.4

-

79
-

18,450
792
4,843
707
6,283
1,928
-

controls used in the household survey.

-

69
172

-

79
-

-

17,879
789
4,697
688
6,151
1,801
-

(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total 16 years and over

119,013

31,492

Wage and salary workers

110,419

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

4,338

9,275

17,879

87,521

38.7

42.8

28,497

3,843

8,578

16,076

81,922

38.8

42.6

517

36

11

20

5

482

47.4

47.7

5,866

1,420

320

764

335

4,446

38.9

40.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,674
11,905
7,769

2,489
1,400
1,088

368
156
212

1,424
912
512

696
332
365

17,186
10,505
6,681

42.3
42.8
41.5

43.2
43.5
42.7

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,021
23,248
7,156

1,330
8,357
1,358

199
1,370
126

559
1,264
540

573
5,724
692

6,691
14,891
5,798

41.8
36.2
40.4

43.8
42.9
42.8

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

40,421
899
39,523
5,516

12,583
590
11,993
926

1,390
126
1,264
59

3,428
53
3,375
580

7,765
411
7,354
286

27,839
309
27,529
4,590

37.2
27.6
37.4
40.8

42.1
42.2
42.1
42.1

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,445
148

2,900
95

486
9

690
7

1,724
78

5,545
53

38.7
30.8

O

Mining
Construction

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

45.2

(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

119,013
5,523
2,116
3,406
113,490
11,164
102,326
88,163
14,163

31,492
4,207
1,990
2,217
27,285
4,170
23,115
18,364
4,750

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

63,209
2,671
975
1,695
60,538
5,805
54,733
47,001
7,732

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

4,338
314
35
278
4,025
738
3,287
2,919
368

9,275
163
10
153
9,112
790
8,322
7,274
1,048

17,879
3,730
1,945
1,785
14,148
2,643
11,506
8,172
3,334

87,521
1,316
126
1,190
86,205
6,994
79,211
69,798
9,413

38.7
22.8
16.2
26.9
39.5
35.2
40.0
40.6
36.3

42.8
38.8
37.1
39.0
42.8
41.1
43.0
43.1
42.3

11,665
1,892
898
994
9,772
1,835
7,937
5,953
1,984

2,095
132
19
113
1,963
384
1,580
1,366
214

4,363
113
11
102
4,250
381
3,870
3,390
480

5,206
1,648
868
780
3,559
1,071
2,488
1,198
1,290

51,544
779
77
701
50,766
3,970
46,796
41,048
5,748

41.7
24.6
17.4
28.7
42.4
37.0
43.0
43.6
39.2

44.2
39.2
36.4
39.6
44.3
41.8
44.5
44.6
43.8

55,804
2,852
1,141
1,711
52,952
5,359
47,593
41,162
6,431

19,827
2,315
1,092
1,223
17,513
2,335
15,178
12,411
2,767

2,243
182
16
166
2,061
354
1,707
1,553
154

4,912
51

35,976
537
49
488
35,439
3,024
32,415
28,750
3,665

35.4
21.1
15.1
25.2
36.2
33.3
36.5
37.1
32.9

40.8
38.2

52
4,862
409
4,452
3,884
568

12,672
2,082
1,077
1,005
10,590
1,572
9,018
6,974
2,044

100,874
54,441
46,433

27,221
10,098
17,122

3,426
1,701
1,725

7,933
3,822
4,111

15,862
4,575
11,287

73,653
44,342
29,311

38.8
41.9
35.1

43.0
44.5
40.9

12,920
5,998
6,922

3,114
1,119
1,995

716
303
413

1,052
414
638

1,346
401
944

9,806
4,880
4,927

38.0
39.8
36.5

40.9
42.0
39.9

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

39,607
7,298
16,304

5,325
1,262
5,077

919
304
873

2,802
541
1,020

1,604
417
3,185

34,282
6,036
11,226

43.6
41.9
36.9

44.9
43.8
42.3

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

30,761
11,419
13,623

10,869
3,234
5,725

981
519
742

2,859
1,092
961

7,029
1,622
4,021

19,893
8,185
7,899

35.5
37.7
33.4

40.6
41.4
40.9

TOTAL

-

O
38.2
40.9
40.2
40.9
41.0
40.1

Race
White, 16 years and over
Women
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

Marital status

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
January 1997
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Total
at
work

For noneconomic
reasons
Total

For
economic
reasons

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

119,046

31,540

4,353

9,258

17,928

87,506

38.7

42.8

36,271
17,477
18,794
36,570
3,974
14,751
17,846
16,124
787
2,001
13,336
12,955
17,126
7,584
4,942
4,601

7,097
2,550
4,547
11,068
876
4,704
5,488
6,969
524
337
6,109
2,369
4,037
1,292
1,063
1,682

581
231
350
1,186
77
635
474
1,168
110
39
1,019
595
823
266
195
362

2,769
1,102
1,667
2,773
356
823
1,594
988
46
109
833
1,273
1,456
623
403
430

3,747
1,217
2,531
7,108
444
3,245
3,419
4,814
369
188
4,257
501
1,758
404
465
890

29,173
14,927
14,247
25,503
3,097
10,047
12,358
9,155
263
1,664
7,227
10,586
13,089
6,291
3,879
2,918

41.8
43.9
39.9
37.1
39.2
38.0
35.9
33.6
27.1
42.3
32.7
40.6
39.1
40.0
41.7
34.9

44.7
45.9
43.6
41.9
41.9
44.1
40.2
41.5
41.2
45.2
40.7
41.9
41.9
41.4
44.4
39.7

63,077

11,625

2,098

4,342

5,186

51,451

41.7

44.2

18,782
9,860
8,922
13,201
1,963
7,463
3,774
6,338
35
1,638
4,665
11,833
12,922
4,803
4,451
3,668

2,428
1,015
1,412
2,450
298
1,361
790
1,915
22
211
1,681
2,089
2,744
653
819
1,272

270
131
139
333
36
201
95
364
5
26
333
536
595
136
171
287

1,176
522
654
713
161
299
254
304
1
75
228
1,173
976
327
338
311

982
362
619
1,404
101
862
441
1,246
15
111
1,120
380
1,174
191
310
674

16,354
8,845
7,510
10,751
1,665
6,102
2,984
4,423
13
1,427
2,983
9,745
10,178
4,150
3,632
2,396

44.9
46.3
43.3
41.7
41.3
43.0
39.2
37.3
2

46.6
47.5
45.5
44.8
42.9
46.6
42.3
43.1
2

55,969

19,915

2,256

4,916

12,742

17,488
7,617
9,872
23,370
2,010
7,288
14,072
9,786
752
363
8,671
1,121
4,204
2,780
491
932

4,669
1,535
3,134
8,618
578
3,342
4,698
5,055
502
125
4,428
280
1,293
639
244
410

311
100
210
854
40
434
379
804
104
14
686
59
228
129
24
75

1,593
580
1,012
2,060
195
524
1,341
683
44
34
605
100
480
296
65
119

2,766
854
1,911
5,704
342
2,384
2,978
3,568
353
77
3,137
121
584
213
155
216

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997,
controls used in the household survey.

()

()

43.8
35.2
40.8
40.0
41.3
42.6
35.2

45.8
41.8
42.0
42.6
42.4
44.7
40.0

36,055

35.4

40.8

12,819
6,082
6,737
14,752
1,432
3,945
9,374
4,731
250
237
4,244
842
2,911
2,141
248
522

38.5
40.8
36.8
34.5
37.1
32.7
35.0
31.2
27.1
35.5
31.4
38.0
36.3
37.8
33.5
33.6

42.5
43.6
41.5
39.9
40.7
40.5
39.6
40.1
41.1
41.4
39.9
41.0
39.6
39.6
41.1
38.8

data

reflect

revised

population

Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,605
1,707
619
2,279

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Women
Unemployment
rates
Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

4,477
1,532
666
2,279

6.5
3.9
7.7
11.8

3,578
1,430
495
1,654

3,438
1,285
520
1,633

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

822
182
104
536

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Thousands of
persons
Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

6.2
3.5
7.8
11.5

3,665
1,396
744
1,525

5.9
3.7
7.3
10.6

5.6
3.3
7.3
10.2

851
180
111
560

11.7
5.5
10.2
20.1

3,050
1,609
590
851

2,893
1,429
639
825

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,387
1,346
471
569

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

518
172
100
245

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

3,457
1,203
709
1,544

6.0
4.2
6.1
9.9

5.6
3.6
5.6
9.8

2,702
1,197
529
976

2,475
995
508
973

5.4
4.1
5.5
8.4

4.8
3.4
5.1
8.2

11.9
5.5
9.9
20.5

778
104
185
489

816
136
167
513

10.1
4.0
8.5
16.5

10.2
5.4
7.5
15.7

5.1
3.8
7.6
8.2

4.7
3.4
7.7
7.8

2,445
1,231
686
528

2,346
1,090
656
600

4.8
3.9
5.8
6.8

4.5
3.4
5.3
7.4

2,251
1,189
496
566

4.6
3.6
7.2
6.9

4.3
3.2
7.2
6.8

1,839
1,053
488
299

1,688
903
468
318

4.3
3.8
5.2
5.4

3.9
3.2
4.8
5.6

513
179
110
223

9.0
5.4
10.1
15.6

8.6
5.6
9.9
13.4

474
97
173
203

535
122
154
260

7.3
3.9
8.2
11.0

8.0
5.0
7.1
12.7

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




Unemployment
rates

controls used in the household survey.

A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons

Unemployment rates

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Women

Men

Total

Total

Occupation

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

8,270

7,933

6.3

5.9

6.5

6.2

6.0

5.6

928
435
493

845
399
446

2.5
2.5
2.6

2.2
2.2
2.2

2.3
2.4
2.2

2.0
2.1
1.9

2.8
2.6
2.9

2.4
2.3
2.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,914
138
1,007
769

1,927
135
979
812

4.9
3.5
6.2
4.1

4.9
3.2
6.0
4.2

4.2
3.8
4.3
4.0

4.3
3.3
4.3
4.7

5.4
3.2
8.1
4.2

5.2
3.2
7.7
4.1

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,455
69
87
1,299

1,370
95
90
1,186

8.1
8.3
3.9
8.7

7.5
10.3
4.1
7.9

8.2

3.2
10.1

3.9
9.4

8.0
8.7
7.2
8.0

7.1
9.2
4.8
7.0

960
218
570
172

941
225
553
163

6.7
4.7
10.5
4.2

6.5
4.8
9.6
4.0

6.6
4.6
10.4
3.3

6.6
4.6
9.6
3.9

7.7
6.6
13.9
7.2

5.3
10.2
7.6
4.1

2,006
734
398
874
264
611

1,915
639
457
819
255
563

10.2
8.5
7.2
15.7
28.4
13.2

9.7
7.5
8.2
14.5
27.2
11.9

9.9
7.3
7.5
15.6
28.9
12.3

9.5
6.1
8.6
14.5
27.4
11.3

10.9
10.3
4.5
16.1
2

10.2
9.7
4.4
14.3
2

16.3

14.0

Farming, forestry, and fishing

431

376

11.8

11.0

11.9

11.4

11.5

9.5

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

540
355
77
108

523
332
89
102

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




8.2

(2)

(2)

()

()

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment rates

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Women

Men

Total

Total

Industry

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

8,270

7,933

6.3

5.9

6.5

6.2

6.0

5.6

6,567

6,270

6.6

6.2

6.7

6.3

6.4

5.9

39
980

40
966

6.1
15.3

6.9
14.3

6.9
16.2

7.0
14.9

.2
6.6

6.6
8.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,137
582
71
52
24
29
60
84
53
102
66
36
19
87
555
145
42
136
18
80
55
48
32

1,042
593
56
48
32
41
52
98
85
98
58
40
15
67
450
132
38
90
18
74
26
46
25

5.4
4.7
9.0
7.7
3.9
3.4
4.6
3.4
2.8
4.5
5.1
3.7
2.5
12.2
6.3
8.1
6.1
12.6
2.6
4.4
4.0
5.3
7.6

4.9
4.6
7.3
6.7
5.4
4.9
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.4
3.9
1.9
9.5
5.4
7.5
5.8
9.4
2.8
4.2
1.9
5.5
6.3

4.4
4.3
8.4
7.3
4.9
3.8
4.5
2.5
2.6
3.7
4.3
3.0
2.2
11.4
4.6
5.8
6.3
10.4
2.3
3.7
2.3
4.7
5.3

4.3
4.2
7.5
6.7
6.0
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.0
1.0
7.0
4.3
5.3
3.9
10.1
3.3
4.0
1.5
5.3
3.3

7.5
5.9
12.3
8.7
1.7
5.1
5.8
3.1
7.3
8.2
6.1
3.1
13.8
8.9
12.7
5.9
13.5
3.5
5.4
7.2
6.5
12.1

6.4
5.8
6.2
6.6
3.5
9.2
3.5
4.7
4.3
7.1
7.0
7.3
3.3
13.2
6.9
12.1
8.3
9.0
1.6
4.4
2.6
6.1
11.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

307
224
83
1,935
210
1,725
201
1,967
701
1,267

322
257
65
1,849
169
1,680
264
1,785
624
1,161

4.4
5.3
3.1
7.4
4.2
8.2
2.9
6.2
3.7
10.1

4.6
5.9
2.4
7.2
3.6
8.0
3.6
5.4
3.2
8.6

4.3
5.3
2.5
6.5
3.4
7.5
3.0
6.9
3.9
9.7

4.9
6.3
2.3
6.6
3.8
7.5
3.0
5.6
2.5
8.2

4.7
5.1
4.1
8.5
6.1
8.8
2.8
5.8
3.6
10.4

3.8
4.7
2.7
7.8
3.2
8.4
3.9
5.2
3.5
9.0

302
862
540

245
895
523

15.8
3.0

13.0
3.0

16.3
3.1

13.7
3.5

14.3
2.8

10.8
2.4

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricuiturai private wage and salary workers

Construction

.

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE:

Beginning




in

January

1997,

data

reflect

revised

population

controls used in t h e household survey.

-

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over
Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Women,
20 years
and over

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Black

White

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

6,280
3,510
1,490
2,020
1,446
574
615
1,777
378

5,913 1,600 1,667
744
736
3,115
194
150
1,300
594
542
1,815
322
342
1,241
220
251
574
138
126
706
656
591
1,749
135
143
343

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

8,270
4,425
1,728
2,697
1,853
844
803
2,503
540

7,933
4,027
1,502
2,526
1,666
860
858
2,525
523

3,861
2,678
1,085
1,593
1,099
494
325
782
76

3,736
2,524
982
1,543
1,042
500
396
744
72

3,088
1,475
520
955
680
275
389
1,115
108

2,898
1,250
406
844
569
275
369
1,159
119

1,322
272
122
150
75
75
89
606
355

1,299
253
114
139
55
84
93
622
332

100.0
53.5
20.9
32.6
9.7
30.3
6.5

100.0
50.8
18.9
31.8
10.8
31.8
6.6

100.0
69.4
28.1
41.2
8.4
20.3
2.0

100.0
67.6
26.3
41.3
10.6
19.9
1.9

100.0
47.8
16.8
30.9
12.6
36.1
3.5

100.0
43.2
14.0
29.1
12.7
40.0
4.1

100.0
20.6
9.2
11.3
6.7
45.8
26.9

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
19.4 55.9 52.7 46.0 44.6
9.0
8.8 23.7 22.0 12.1
10.7 32.2 30.7 33.9 35.6
8.6
7.5
9.8 11.9
7.1
47.8 28.3 29.6 37.0 39.3
8.4
8.6
25.6
6.0
5.8

3.4
.6
1.9
.4

3.0
.6
1.9
.4

4.0
.5
1.2
.1

3.7
.6
1.1
.1

2.6
.7
1.9
.2

2.1
.6
2.0
.2

3.9
1.3
8.6
5.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

3.5
1.3
8.6
4.6

3.2
.6
1.6
.3

2.7
.6
1.5
.3

5.0
.9
4.0
.9

4.9
.8
4.3
.9

(Percent distribution)
January 1997
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

7,933

100.0

42.3

29.4

28.4

13.0

15.4

4,027
1,502
2,526
1,666
860
858
2,525
523

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

44.8
60.5
35.5
32.8
40.7
46.7
39.1
30.4

30.9
30.2
31.2
30.1
33.4
31.4
26.3
29.3

24.3
9.3
33.3
37.1
25.9
21.9
34.6
40.3

11.8
5.8
15.4
16.4
13.5
9.7
14.7
18.5

12.5
3.4
17.9
20.7
12.4
12.2
19.9
21.8

3,736

100.0

40.5

29.9

29.6

13.5

16.1

2,524
982
1,543
1,042
500
396
744
72

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.3
58.4
32.1
29.2
38.1
44.5
32.9

32.3
31.8
32.6
31.0
36.1
28.7
22.9

25.4
9.9
35.3
39.8
25.8
26.8
44.3

12.8
6.9
16.6
17.6
14.4
13.8
15.7

12.6
3.0
18.7
22.2
11.4
13.0
28.6

0

0

0

O

2,898

100.0

41.6

29.1

29.3

12.1

17.1

1,250
406
844
569
275
369
1,159
119

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

45.1
58.3
38.8
37.4
41.6
45.0
37.9
30.6

29.3
32.2
27.9
26.9
29.9
35.5
27.9
18.8

25.6
9.5
33.3
35.7
28.5
19.4
34.1
50.6

11.6
4.0
15.2
15.7
14.2
6.7
13.7
19.5

14.0
5.5
18.1
19.9
14.3
12.7
20.4
31.1

1,299

100.0

48.7

28.5

22.8

13.3

9.5

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

68.2
86.6
53.2

24.3
10.1
36.0

7.4
3.3
10.8

3.5
3.3
3.7

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

253
114
139
55
84
93
622
332

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population

O
53.6
62.7
48.9
29.7

0

(1)

0

17.6
10.7
23.8
36.0

28.8
26.6
27.3
34.3

3.9
-

7.1

0

(1)

5.5
4.1
15.5
19.1

12.1
6.7
8.4
16.9

controls used in the household survey.

A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

8,270

7,933

100.0

100.0

6,633

6,343

100.0

100.0

2,418
2,039
1,290
749
2,175
1,059
1,116
537
579

2,440
1,935
1,257
678
1,967
874
1,093
523
570

36.5
30.7
19.4
11.3
32.8
16.0
16.8
8.1
8.7

38.5
30.5
19.8
10.7
31.0
13.8
17.2
8.2
9.0

16.5
8.9

16.5
8.4

-

-

3,301
2,485
1,615
870
2,483
1,215
1,268
585
683

3,352
2,329
1,537
792
2,252
1,029
1,223
579
644

15.5
7.9

15.3
7.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population




Percent distribution

39.9
30.1
19.5
10.5
30.0
14.7
15.3
7.1
8.3
-

42.3
29.4
19.4
10.0
28.4
13.0
15.4
7.3
8.1
-

controls used in the household survey.

January 1997
Weeks

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Less
than
5 weeks

15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,933
1,299
1,395
1,864
1,797
1,020
403
154

3,352
633
679
772
684
396
141
47

2,329
370
355
597
545
282
130
51

2,252
296
361
495
568
342
133
56

1,029
172
213
228
237
98
55
25

1,223
124
147
267
331
244
78
31

15.3
12.2
12.0
14.4
16.8
20.4
19.1
20.6

7.4
5.1
5.5
7.3
8.5
8.6
8.5
9.7

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,477
741
843
920
1,024
615
237
97

1,861
349
398
388
406
211
80
31

1,330
214
222
293
302
176
89
34

1,285
178
224
239
316
229
68
32

603
98
143
100
144
70
33
14

682
80
80
139
172
159
34
18

15.6
12.9
12.0
14.7
16.4
23.1
16.5
18.0

7.6
5.8
6.7
7.2
7.9
10.0
8.3
9.3

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,457
559
552
944
774
404
167
57

1,491
284
282
384
278
186
61
15

999
156
133
304
243
106
40
18

966
119
137
256
252
113
65
24

426
74
70
128
93
28
21
11

540
44
67
128
159
85
44
13

14.9
11.2
12.1
14.1
17.3
16.2
22.8

7.2
4.4
4.4
7.5
9.2
6.7
9.0

5,913
3,438
2,475

2,640
1,494
1,146

1,763
1,050
713

1,510
894
617

709
435
274

801
459
342

14.0
14.5
13.3

6.6
6.8
6.1

1,667
851
816

558
296
263

478
226
251

631
329
302

272
141
131

359
187
172

19.6
19.6
19.5

10.3
10.8
9.9

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,532
666
2,279

601
237
1,023

478
235
618

453
194
638

167
81
355

286
113
283

17.8
16.1
14.0

8.2
8.0
7.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,203
709
1,544

537
277
678

354
219
427

313
214
440

100
111
214

213
102
225

14.6
15.2
15.0

6.7
8.4
7.0

(1)

O

Race
White, 16 years and over
Women
Black, 16 years and over
Women

Marital status

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect




controls used in the household survey.
revised

population

January 1997
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total

Weeks

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

15 to 26
weeks

Total

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
845
1,927
1,370
941
1,915
376

351
867
603
391
845
128

239
501
379
304
578
157

255
558
388
245
492
91

110
270
171
87
244
43

145
289
217
159
248
48

15.6
14.4
16.0
15.5
14.5
12.6

7.1
7.2
7.1
7.1
6.6
8.9

245
979
1,043
593
450
361
1,857
281
2,105
129

75
469
390
217
174
120
902
95
926
32

114
306
310
177
133
107
523
89
561
42

56
204
342
199
143
134
432
97
619
55

27
97
143
80
63
53
199
79
267
28

29
107
199
119
80
81
233
17
351
27

12.2
12.8
18.5
19.9
16.7
18.4
13.0
12.8
15.6
19.3

8.6
5.1
8.9
9.0
8.8
9.6
5.2
10.9
7.0
12.4

523

159

153

211

97

114

20.8

11.5

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Category

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job nowNOTE:
Want a jobNOTE:
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year1
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects2
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other3

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

68,238
62,487
5,751
3,420
2,330
593
1,737
409
1,328
199
287
153
689

55 years
and over

25 to 54
years

16 to 24
years

Women

Men

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

67,968
62,804
5,164
2,962
2,202
587
1,615

12,140
10,120
2,020
1,052
968
263
705

12,314
10,433
1,881
994
887
241
646

19,157
16,401
2,756
1,671
1,084
294
790

18,712
16,286
2,426
1,328
1,098
322
775

36,941
35,967
975
697
278
36
242

36,942
36,085
857
640
217
23
194

25,101
22,761
2,340
1,290
1,050
179
871

25,147 43,137
22,943 39,727
2,204
3,410
2,130
1,195
1,280
1,009
415
191
865
818

42,821
39,861
2,960
1,767
1,193
396
797

397
1,218
156
260
164
638

162
543
40
231
34
238

123
523
47
226
23
227

201
589
136
47
85
321

198
577
100
33
106
338

46
196
23
9
34
130

76
118
9
1
35
73

241
630
36
181
80
333

167
698
163
106
73
356

129
668
136
112
75
344

268
550
20
147
89
294

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

1
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
2
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.




Sex

Age

Total

3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Rate1

Number

Characteristic

Jan.
1996

Men

Jan.
1997

Women
Rate1

Number

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Rate1

Number

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

AGE
2

7,127
249
6,879
698
6,181
5,591
590
494
95

7,572
278
7,294
738
6,556
5,886
671
551
120

5.8
4.3
5.9
6.0
5.8
6.2
3.9
4.3
2.7

6.0
4.7
6.1
6.2
6.0
6.3
4.3
4.6
3.2

3,758
98
3,659
363
3,297
2,943
353
293
60

4,076
144
3,932
323
3,609
3,220
389
314
76

5.7
3.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.1
4.2
4.7
2.9

6.0
4.9
6.1
5.2
6.2
6.5
4.5
4.8
3.4

3,370
150
3,219
335
2,884
2,648
236
201
35

3,496
134
3,362
415
2,947
2,666
281
237
44

5.9
5.3
5.9
6.1
5.9
6.3
3.5
3.9
2.4

6.0
4.5
6.0
7.4
5.9
6.2
4.1
4.4
2.8

6,240
645
449

6,610
749
429

5.9
4.9
4.0

6.2
5.6
3.5

3,315
316
235

3,573
384
252

5.8
5.1
3.5

6.1
6.1
3.4

2,926
329
214

3,037
365
177

6.1
4.7
4.9

6.2
5.1
3.6

3,998
1,225
1,904

4,240
1,348
1,984

5.4
6.5
6.2

5.7
6.8
6.3

2,390
408
960

2,581
501
994

5.7
5.5
5.7

6.1
6.4
5.7

1,608
817
945

1,658
847
991

5.0
7.1
6.8

5.1
7.1
7.0

4,013
1,605
239
1,236

4,270
1,638
210
1,427

_

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,730
1,113
56
582

_

-

1,647
1,107
66
538

_

-

-

2,540
526
154
845

_

-

2,366
498
173
699

_

-

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin

MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Jan.
1997

Unemployed

Employed

Total
Jan.
1996

Percent of
labor force

Number
Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

Jan.
1996

Jan.
1997

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,671
6,505
1,338
3,154
2,013
1,166

7,785
6,418
1,132
2,898
2,388
1,367

6,532
5,829
1,196
2,855
1,778
703

6,663
5,783
1,031
2,609
2,142
881

6,247
5,581
1,144
2,747
1,690
666

6,406
5,549
975
2,530
2,044
858

285
247
52
107
88
38

257
234
56
80
98
23

4.4
4.2
4.3
3.8
5.0
5.4

3.9
4.0
5.4
3.1
4.6
2.6

17,857
8,372
5,509
3,976

18,877
8,778
5,965
4,135

15,945
7,634
4,958
3,353

17,052
8,067
5,382
3,603

15,261
7,294
4,769
3,198

16,262
7,689
5,146
3,427

684
340
189
155

790
378
236
176

4.3
4.4
3.8
4.6

4.6
4.7
4.4
4.9

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in




-

-

-

-

-

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age

Veteran status
and age

-

January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.

(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Services
and
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

(1)
(11)
()
(1)
0)
(1)
0
(11)
()
(1)

(11)
()
(1)
(11)
()
01
()
(11)
(1)
()

Annual averages
1947
1948
1949

43,857
44,866
43,754

38,382
39,216
37,897

18,509
18,774
17,565

955
994
930

2,009
2,198
2,194

15,545
15,582
14,441

25,348
26,092
26,189

4,166
4,189
4,001

2,478
2,612
2,610

6,477
6,659
6,654

1,728
1,800
1,828

5,025
5,181
5,239

1,892
1,863
1,908

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959 2

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,328
1,415
1,484

4,071
4,230
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,210
107,895

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,824
90,117

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,086
82,642

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,514
5,625

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996?

109,419
108,256
108,604
110,730
114,172
117,203
119,557

91,115
89,854
89,959
91,889
95,044
97,892
100,096

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,206
24,259

709
689
635
610
601
580
570

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,158
5,406

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,468
18,283

84,514
84,511
85,373
87,378
90,264
92,997
95,298

5,793
5,762
5,721
5,829
5,993
6,165
6,316

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,412
6,587

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,173
21,597

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,830
6,977

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,107
34,360

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,642
4,645

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,847
12,059

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December?
1997:
January?
1

118,070
118,579
118,750
118,922
119,332
119,537
119,772
120,052
120,050
120,311
120,492
120,753

98,734
99,214
99,356
99,527
99,873
100,091
100,288
100,446
100,531
100,803
100,995
101,219

24,112
24,254
24,196
24,209
24,263
24,274
24,264
24,298
24,257
24,284
24,319
24,359

569
573
574
573
576
575
570
570
567
566
566
564

5,234
5,349
5,341
5,353
5,384
5,401
5,427
5,437
5,449
5,464
5,491
5,519

18,309
18,332
18,281
18,283
18,303
18,298
18,267
18,291
18,241
18,254
18,262
18,276

93,958
94,325
94,554
94,713
95,069
95,263
95,508
95,754
95,793
96,027
96,173
96,394

6,254
6,270
6,292
6,294
6,309
6,329
6,333
6,342
6,337
6,338
6,350
6,341

6,512
6,529
6,548
6,550
6,567
6,575
6,585
6,603
6,619
6,643
6,651
6,655

21,268
21,340
21,350
21,415
21,485
21,568
21,671
21,672
21,702
21,803
21,857
21,930

6,894
6,919
6,931
6,942
6,964
6,967
6,987
6,999
7,009
7,026
7,038
7,054

33,694
33,902
34,039
34,117
34,285
34,378
34,448
34,532
34,607
34,709
34,780
34,880

2,783
2,780
2,780
2,776
2,776
2,756
2,752
2,739
2,739
2,731
2,733
2,729

4,625
4,636
4,639
4,643
4,655
4,654
4,659
4,674
4,658
4,640
4,640
4,647

11,928
11,949
11,975
11,976
12,028
12,036
12,073
12,193
12,122
12,137
12,124
12,158

121,024

101,469

24,391

564

5,533

18,294

96,633

6,357

6,662

21,949

7,063

35,047

2,726

4,641

12,188

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1995
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1992) are subject to revision.

Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996p

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.44
11.82

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.68
406.61

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.60

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
706.68

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.8
38.9

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.08
15.43

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
585.10
600.23

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly datai, not seasonally adjusted

1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December*

33.4
34.1
34.2
34.1
34.3
34.9
34.6
34.8
34.9
34.5
34.5
34.9

$11.71
11.69
11.69
11.75
11.73
11.76
11.74
11.77
11.96
11.96
12.01
12.06

$391.11
398.63
399.80
400.68
402.34
410.42
406.20
409.60
417.40
412.62
414.35
420.89

43.8
45.1
45.0
44.9
45.2
46.0
44.8
45.3
46.0
45.9
45.5
46.1

$15.63
15.62
15.51
15.55
15.44
15.57
15.53
15.51
15.72
15.54
15.66
15.93

$684.59
704.46
697.95
698.20
697.89
716.22
695.74
702.60
723.12
713.29
712.53
734.37

36.7
38.1
38.1
38.6
38.8
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.9
38.8
38.5

$15.24
15.14
15.13
15.19
15.27
15.32
15.48
15.55
15.73
15.73
15.59
15.64

$559.31
576.83
576.45
586.33
592.48
606.67
616.10
618.89
624.48
627.63
604.89
602.14

33.9

12.12

410.87

44.3

16.18

716.77

36.3

15.69

569.55

1997:
January"
See footnotes at end of table!




Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996p

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65

38.9
38.7
38.9
39.6
39.9
39.5
39.7

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

12.97
13.22
13.45
13.62
13.86
14.23
14.52

504.53
511.61
523.21
539.35
553.01
562.09
576.44

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.84

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
491.77

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December*

39.8
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.9
41.1
41.8
42.3
41.9
42.1
42.8

$12.66
12.57
12.54
12.73
12.71
12.75
12.79
12.79
12.90
12.84
12.93
13.08

$12.06
11.97
11.94
12.11
12.08
12.10
12.16
12.11
12.17
12.16
12.23
12.34

$503.87
519.14
517.90
524.48
528.74
534.23
525.67
534.62
545.67
538.00
544.35
559.82

38.5
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.3
40.1
39.8
40.1
40.3
39.8
39.9
40.0

$14.45
14.45
14.44
14.49
14.43
14.47
14.51
14.55
14.63
14.54
14.62
14.67

$556.33
569.33
570.38
568.01
567.10
580.25
577.50
583.46
589.59
578.69
583.34
586.80

37.6
38.0
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.8
38.1
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.3
38.7

$12.65
12.66
12.67
12.76
12.72
12.85
12.80
12.82
13.00
12.91
13.03
13.19

$475.64
481.08
482.73
486.16
485.90
498.58
487.68
492.29
501.80
494.45
499.05
510.45

41.5

13.07

12.40

542.41

39.1

14.76

577.12

37.8

13.15

497.07

1997:
January"
See footnotes at end of table.




Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996p

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.98

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
229.82

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.33
12.80

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.65
459.52

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.80

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.32

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Services

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

27.5
28.2
28.5
28.4
28.7
29.4
29.4
29.5
29.1
28.7
28.7
29.3

$7.89
7.87
7.90
7.92
7.92
7.97
7.92
7.95
8.06
8.11
8.13
8.14

$216.98
221.93
225.15
224.93
227.30
234.32
232.85
234.53
234.55
232.76
233.33
238.50

35.5
35.7
35.7
35.6
35.6
36.5
35.5
35.7
36.5
35.7
35.8
36.7

27.9

8.22

229.34

35.6

$12.62
12.71
12.74
12.76
12.75
12.76
12.69
12.72
12.90
12.88
12.98
13.04

$448.01
453.75
454.82
454.26
453.90
465.74
450.50
454.10
470.85
459.82
464.68
478.57

31.8
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.7

$11.73
11.72
11.72
11.72
11.68
11.67
11.62
11.64
11.91
11.94
12.05
12.17

$373.01
377.38
377.38
377.38
376.10
382.78
377.65
380.63
388.27
386.86
390.42
397.96

13.04

464.22

32.0

12.21

390.72

1997:
January"
1

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels.
When more recent
benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April
1995 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1996

1997

Industry
Jan.

Total

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

98,734

99,214

99,356

99,527

Goods-producing

24,112

24,254

24,196

24,209 24,263

569
51
101
310
107

573
51
102
313
107

574
51
101
314
108

573
51
101
314
107

5,234
1,205
741
3,288

5,349
1,218
764
3,367

5,341
1,223
770
3,348

18,309

18,332

10,643
750
503
532
709

Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
S e e footnotes at end of table.




July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.p

Jan.p

118,070 118,579 118,750 118,922 119,332 119,537 119,772 120,052 120,050 120,311 120,492 120,753 121,024

Total private

Mining

June

99,873 100,091 100,288 100,446 100,531 100,803 100,995 101,219 101,469
24,274

24,264

24,298

24,257

24,284

24,319

24,359

24,391

576
52
101
316
107

575
52
101
314
108

570
52
100
310
108

570
52
99
311
108

567
52
98
309
108

566
52
98
308
108

566
52
97
308
109

564
52
96
307
109

564
52
96
307
109

5,353
1,227
765
3,361

5,384
1,229
764
3,391

5,401
1,232
768
3,401

5,427
1,231
769
3,427

5,437
1,232
770
3,435

5,449
1,233
765
3,451

5,464
1,233
765
3,466

5,491
1,241
764
3,486

5,519
1,249
768
3,502

5,533
1,260
767
3,506

18,281

18,283

18,303

18,298

18,267

18,291

18,241

18,254

18,262

18,276

18,294

10,659
756
502
536
708

10,623
755
500
536
706

10,654
761
498
534
704

10,679
762
500
537
705

10,696
767
500
536
708

10,680
764
500
535
700

10,711
769
499
536
706

10,675
766
500
537
706

10,684
769
499
538
702

10,694
771
501
537
703

10,711
771
502
539
702

10,727
769
501
535
702

240
1,442
2,085
357

240
1,443
2,083
357

239
1,442
2,087
358

238
1,440
2,086
358

239
1,442
2,087
360

239
1,450
2,088
359

237
1,454
2,088
357

237
1,456
2,089
359

237
1,456
2,082
359

234
1,459
2,088
360

234
1,461
2,087
360

233
1,461
2,091
361

235
1,463
2,098
360

1,646

1,652

1,651

1,650

1,652

1,651

1,656

1,654

1,649

1,648

1,647

1,645

1,645

609
1,757
956
446
831
388

614
1,759
957
446
831
389

614
1,726
926
445
832
388

615
1,763
955
447
832
386

614
1,774
968
449
834
386

614
1,775
967
446
835
386

616
1,766
950
453
832
385

615
1,784
967
454
833
385

613
1,764
955
455
831
384

611
1,764
950
463
833
384

611
1,772
952
468
830
385

611
1,780
956
472
833
387

615
1,792
962
477
831
391

7,666
1,672
41
640
868
684
1,533

7,658
1,675
41
642
862
681
1,531

7,629
1,667
41
636
858
677
1,527

7,624
1,665
41
637
853
679
1,526

7,602
1,647
41
637
847
676
1,528

7,587
1,640
40
637
849
672
1,527

7,580
1,641
39
633
837
673
1,527

7,566
1,639
40
631
835
674
1,527

7,570
1,641
41
633
834
674
1,528

1,027

1,024
139

1,024

1,020

1,017

1,017

962
98

139
963
97

140
969
97

1,019
139

1,021

140
964
98

7,673
1,675
41
644
873
682
1,531
1,025
140
963
99

968
96

139
976
94

139
971
93

138
971
93

7,568
1,647
42
628
829
675
1,525
1,017
139
974
92

7,565
1,651
41
629
823
675
1,525
1,015
137
975
94

7,567
1,661
40
630
815
675
1,527
1,017
136
972
94

93,958

94,325

94,554

94,713

95,069

95,263

95,508

95,754

95,793

96,027

96,173

96,394

96,633

6,254
3,980
235

6,270
3,994
234

6,292
4,011
233

6,294
4,015
233

6,309
4,027
232

6,329
4,045
231

6,333
4,051
229

6,342
4,056
230

6,337
4,052
230

6,338
4,059
231

6,350
4,062
229

6,341
4,060
229

6,357
4,076
229

436
1,874
172
822
14
427
2,274
1,367
907

439
1,879
171
827
14
430
2,276
1,371
905

442
1,884
171
835
14
432
2,281
1,378
903

442
1,882
173
837
14
434
2,279
1,378
901

450
1,891
167
836
14
437
2,282
1,384
898

454
1,891
171
844
14
440
2,284
1,388
896

458
1,888
172
848
14
442
2,282
1,391
891

463
1,882
173
850
14
444
2,286
1,398
888

458
1,877
171
855
14
447
2,285
1,398
887

458
1,877
172
859
14
448
2,279
1,393
886

460
1,870
172
868
14
449
2,288
1,401
887

462
1,856
171
879
14
449
2,281
1,396
885

467
1,863
175
877
14
451
2,281
1,398
883

6,512
3,814
2,698

6,529
3,826
2,703

6,548
3,841
2,707

6,550
3,844
2,706

6,567
3,850
2,717

6,575
3,857
2,718

6,585
3,862
2,723

6,603
3,871
2,732

6,619
3,877
2,742

6,643
3,885
2,758

6,651
3,890
2,761

6,655
3,895
2,760

6,662
3,897
2,765

1,026

140
960
99

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1996
Industry

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores..
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices .
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

Services1
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
sen/ices
Auto repair, sen/ices, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care facilities
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1




Jan.p

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

21,268
882
2,651
2,330
3,399

21,340
880
2,674
2,354
3,401

21,350
887
2,687
2,363
3,403

21,415
896
2,675
2,360
3,401

21,485
907
2,719
2,410
3,413

21,568
917
2,721
2,408
3,420

21,671
922
2,732
2,413
3,435

21,672
923
2,745
2,422
3,442

21,702
930
2,737
2,415
3,440

21,803
936
2,765
2,442
3,454

21,857
942
2,770
2,444
3,462

21,930
947
2,780
2,454
3,463

21,949
940
2,751
2,434
3,473

2,227
1,011
1,100
949
7,405
2,655

2,234
1,015
1,099
949
7,440
2,663

2,242
1,020
1,100
951
7,413
2,667

2,253
1,024
1,098
957
7,468
2,667

2,259
1,027
1,100
963
7,455
2,669

2,272
1,030
1,101
972
7,485
2,680

2,285
1,034
1,103
981
7,528
2,685

2,291
1,037
1,098
989
7,489
2,695

2,297
1,039
1,100
991
7,504
2,703

2,303
1,041
1,108
998
7,517
2,722

2,309
1,042
1,106
1,005
7,527
2,736

2,312
1,043
1,103
1,016
7,557
2,752

2,318
1,047
1,114
1,018
7,575
2,760

6,894
3,277
2,022
1,467
266
490
529
236
2,253
1,547

6,919
3,288
2,023
1,467
266
496
531
238
2,255
1,547

6,931
3,293
2,020
1,464
265
501
532
240
2,257
1,549

6,942
3,303
2,023
1,467
265
505
534
241
2,256
1,549

6,964
3,315
2,026
1,468
267
507
538
244
2,261
1,552

6,967
3,319
2,029
1,469
268
509
541
240
2,259
1,551

6,987
3,329
2,030
1,472
265
514
543
242
2,261
1,553

6,999
3,339
2,028
1,471
265
519
548
244
2,259
1,551

7,009
3,341
2,029
1,474
261
522
547
243
2,265
1,554

7,026
3,355
2,035
1,478
260
526
549
245
2,263
1,551

7,038
3,361
2,035
1,479
258
530
552
244
2,264
1,550

7,054
3,371
2,035
1,480
257
534
556
246
2,266
1,552

7,063
3,381
2,037
1,485
256
539
558
247
2,260
1,548

706
1,364

708
1,376

708
1,381

707
1,383

709
1,388

708
1,389

708
1,397

708
1,401

711
1,403

712
1,408

714
1,413

714
1,417

712
1,422

33,694
593
1,652
1,170
6,942
883
2,510
2,216

33,902
602
1,657
1,174
7,026
899
2,552
2,254

34,039
603
1,662
1,175
7,058
898
2,565
2,265

34,117
606
1,673
1,179
7,085
899
2,569
2,272

34,285
605
1,681
1,184
7,151
903
2,622
2,322

34,378
615
1,704
1,174
7,188
895
2,648
2,352

34,448
619
1,690
1,174
7,225
893
2,668
2,368

34,532
619
1,684
1,179
7,269
893
2,696
2,393

34,607
617
1,686
1,182
7,267
891
2,691
2,387

34,709
621
1,690
1,184
7,292
894
2,697
2,391

34,780
628
1,692
1,185
7,285
885
2,672
2,362

34,880
620
1,702
1,191
7,321
885
2,684
2,373

35,047
630
1,713
1,187
7,391
873
2,772
2,455

1,140
1,051
358
513
1,490
9,427
1,638
1,718
3,822
648
925
1,969
2,362
567
651

1,148
1,059
359
515
1,505
9,463
1,644
1,722
3,833
653
927
1,985
2,372
568
654

1,155
1,066
361
518
1,518
9,499
1,650
1,728
3,842
655
928
1,991
2,381
569
656

1,169
1,072
363
517
1,516
9,520
1,659
1,733
3,844
658
926
1,994
2,389
569
661

1,184
1,078
364
524
1,516
9,555
1,668
1,740
3,851
657
929
1,987
2,401
571
663

1,195
1,085
366
529
1,504
9,565
1,674
1,744
3,847
658
929
2,001
2,395
570
665

1,206
1,096
365
532
1,514
9,576
1,677
1,747
3,849
656
933
2,017
2,390
568
669

1,218
1,105
366
524
1,515
9,591
1,681
1,749
3,849
658
935
2,014
2,392
577
672

1,226
1,108
367
539
1,522
9,621
1,686
1,751
3,863
661
934
2,005
2,410
575
672

1,239
1,117
366
536
1,534
9,642
1,689
1,754
3,869
663
937
2,015
2,416
580
673

1,251
1,121
370
530
1,545
9,666
1,694
1,757
3,875
668
941
2,025
2,420
579
675

1,264
1,130
370
538
1,563
9,680
1,699
1,760
3,879
665
942
2,023
2,416
576
676

1,276
1,134
369
535
1,575
9,723
1,717
1,763
3,891
666
941
2,022
2,427
582
678

83
2,135
2,833
825
873

83
2,137
2,847
827
881

83
2,136
2,868
829
894

84
2,137
2,863
834
893

85
2,147
2,885
838
897

85
2,148
2,897
848
900

85
2,146
2,893
844
903

85
2,154
2,906
848
907

85
2,150
2,921
853
917

85
2,151
2,930
854
922

86
2,152
2,941
859
935

87
2,153
2,951
859
942

87
2,153
2,966
863
945

19,336
2,783
1,930
4,625
1,933
2,692
11,928
6,646
5,282

19,365
2,780
1,926
4,636
1,945
2,691
11,949
6,659
5,290

19,394
2,780
1,922
4,639
1,951
2,688
11,975
6,675
5,300

19,395
2,776
1,919
4,643
1,956
2,687
11,976
6,682
5,294

19,459
2,776
1,918
4,655
1,963
2,692
12,028
6,690
5,338

19,446
2,756
1,906
4,654
1,968
2,686
12,036
6,719
5,317

19,484
2,752
1,897
4,659
1,981
2,678
12,073
6,768
5,305

19,606
2,739
1,888
4,674
1,984
2,690
12,193
6,862
5,331

19,519
2,739
1,883
4,658
1,975
2,683
12,122
6,787
5,335

19,508
2,731
1,878
4,640
1,960
2,680
12,137
6,794
5,343

19,497
2,733
1,873
4,640
1,960
2,680
12,124
6,798
5,326

19,534
2,729
1,870
4,647
1,967
2,680
12,158
6,803
5,355

19,555
2,726
1,866
4,641
1,960
2,681
12,188
6,825
5,363

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

p

p

Dec.

March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1996

1995
Industry

Total.
Total private
Goods-producing.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

57,039

57,134

57,014

57,315

57,419

57,508

57,681

57,816

57,974

58,129

58,156

58,320

46,409

46,491

46,384

46,653

46,739 46,820 46,969

47,118

47,230 47,294

6,605

6,594

6,568

6,583

6,573

6,559

6,562

6,562

6,560

6,554

6,547

6,554

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

78

77

77

77

584

587

591

595

598

599

602

606

610

612

610

613

5,942

5,928

5,898

5,909

5,896

5,881

5,881

5,877

5,872

5,865

5,860

5,864

2,808

2,809

128

156
103

156

2,808
127
156

2,810

128

100

100

316
450
684
355

316
451
685
355

317
452
685
354

316
451
686
356

316
451
686
350

316
451
685
356

318
450
684
356

2,824
132
157
101
101
321
453
682
364

100

100

2,817
132
156
101
102
318
452
684
358

2,817
133
156
101

100

102
100

2,808
130
155
101

2,817
132
157

102
100

2,807
129
155
101

2,815
132
158

102
100

2,804
129
156
101

101
321
451
683
361

322
452
680
361

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

O

0

0

128
156

0

O

0

0

0

100
99
320
452
686
355
1
()
172

O

47,369 47,530

O

171

3,041
534
11
294
619

3,043
536
12
294
622
689
322
24
330
52

3,047
538
13
294
622
163
690
322
24
330
51

51,575

51,609

51,766

1,912

1,916

1,921

1,918

2,031

2,035

2,043

2,050

2,057

11,309

11,364

11,421

11,411

11,422

11,484

4,377

4,395

4,395

4,405

4,410

4,421

4,428

20,644

20,702

20,783

20,857

20,897

20,960

21,008 21,089

10,680
1,169
2,347
7,164

10,688
1,171
2,354
7,163

10,712
1,170
2,341
7,201

10,698
1,161
2,345
7,192

10,744
1,160
2,344
7,240

10,835
1,155
2,361
7,319

10,787
1,154
2,350
7,283

173

173

173

172

172

172

3,134
553
12
306
671
164
691
326
24
330
57

3.119
551
12
304
664
164
691
324
24
329
56

3,090
547
12
298
651
164
687
325
24
327
55

3,099
549
12
302
654
164
687
325
24
327
55

3,092
551
12
301
647
163
687
326
24
326
55

3,074
544
13
298
642

3,060
538
13
298
631
163
689
322
24
328
54

3,057
536
12
296
633

162

162

162

686
325
23
327
54

3,073
547
13
298
637
163
687
323
24
328
53

689
322
24
331
52

691
322
24
332
52

50,434

50,540

50,446

50,732

50,846

50,949

51,119

51,254

51,414

Transportation and public utilities .

1,856

1,866

1,872

1,883

1,891

1,896

1,901

1,909

Wholesale trade

1,997

2,003

2,008

2,014

2,019

2,018

2,019

11,211

11,218

11,152

11,236

11,243

11,268

4,336

4,342

4,348

4,360

4,369

Services

20,404

20,468

20,436

20,577

Government.

10,630
1,176
2,347
7,107

10,643
1,175
2,348
7.120

10,630
1,170
2,332
7,128

10,662
1,170
2,348
7,144

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Federal
State
Local

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




0

171

174

Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

100

172

174

Nondurable goods

162

Nov.

10,790
1,155
2,352
7,283

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to revision.

B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1996
Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.'

Total private

80,706

81,303

81,378

81,550 81,807 82,016 82,209

82,331

82,377

82,634

82,751

82,947

Goods-producing

17,131

17,270

17,186

17,203

17,228

17,247

17,241

17,262

17,233

17,257

17,295

17,334

419

425

426

425

428

428

423

425

422

422

422

422

4,056

4,174

4,141

4,154

4,169

4,185

4,204

4,211

4,220

4,229

4,260

4,294

12,656

12,671

12,619

12,624

12,631

12,634

12,614

12,626

12,591

12,606

12,613

12,618

7,288
615
397
412
552
183
1,082
1,304
1,052
1,188
757
(2)
274

7,298
620
396
417
550
183
1,082
1,302
1,055
1,189
758
(2)
275

7,263
620
394
417
550
183
1,083
1,301
1,052
1,160
729

7,300
627
397
416
548
184
1,082
1,302
1,054
1,188
760
(2)
272

7,326
630
395
417
552
184
1,089
1,301
1,051
1,205
765
(2)
273

7,313
629
398
416
545
183
1,092
1,301
1,056
1,195
752
(2)
271

7,339
633
396
418
551
183
1,097
1,302
1,052
1,208
772
(2)
270

7,307
630
396
418
549
182
1,095
1,295
1,048
1,193
754
(2)
270

7,318
634
395
420
549
181
1,097
1,300
1,045
1,195
750
(2)
270

7,327
636
396
418
548
181
1,098
1,301
1,045
1,202
751
(2)
271

7,334
635
397
420
548

274

7,289
625
392
415
547
183
1,080
1,301
1,054
1,191
754
(2)
272

5,368
1,235
31
539
713
519
839
577
90
748
77

5,373
1,237
32
545
718
517
837
574
90
746
77

5,356
1,238
32
543
707
516
837
572
90
745
76

5,335
1,232
32
538
705
513
834
571
89
745
76

5,331
1,234
31
539
700
513
833
569
90
747
75

5,308
1,216
32
538
695
511
834
567
90
750
75

5,301
1,211
31
538
698
509
834
565
90
751
74

5,287
1,209
29
536
686
511
834
564
90
756
72

5,284
1,210
31
535
684
513
832
563
90
754
72

5,288
1,214
32
537
681
514
833
562
90
753
72

5,286
1,219
33
532
677
514
833
562
90
755
71

5,284
1,225
32
534
673
513
831
559
90
754
73

63,575

64,033

64,192

64,347 64,579

64,769

64,968

65,069

65,144

65,377

65,456

65,613

Transportation and public utilities

5,245

5,275

5,287

5,292

5,304

5,317

5,324

5,326

5,332

5,331

5,342

5,337

Wholesale trade

5,267

5,281

5,295

5,296

5,311

5,312

5,320

5,337

5,351

5,372

5,380

5,376

18,647

18,780

18,791

18,859

18,916

18,980

19,057

19,051

19,081

19,183

19,211

19,281

5,027

5,046

5,061

5,068

5,085

5,087

5,101

5,107

5,115

5,129

5,131

5,141

29,389

29,651

29,758

29,832

29,963

30,073

30,166

30,248

30,265

30,362

30,392

30,478

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

f>

Apr.

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




May

June

July

180
1,097
1,305
1,042
1,204
754

0
273

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

60.0
58.8
63.2
52.4
P 56.6

60.8
62.1
59.3
63.2

51.3
66.0
54.9
60.0

58.6
64.2
54.6
52.4

61.7
60.3
51.4
62.2

55.2
63.5
55.1
57.4

57.7
61.5
54.1
55.8

57.0
62.1
57.4
57.3

61.8
60.8
51.8
52.7

59.7
61.5
54.8
63.1

61.8
63.1
56.3
57.2

59.6
63.9
59.4
P 59.6

Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

63.8
67.1
66.6
60.7

61.2
69.5
63.2
61.8

61.1
70.4
56.9
61.2

59.8
68.7
53.4
60.0

63.1
66.4
54.2
61.0

62.9
66.0
52.9
63.6

59.7
68.5
56.6
60.3

63.1
69.5
53.8
56.7

64.5
65.3
54.2
60.8

67.1
65.6
54.6
60.0

64.6
68.0
58.3
65.9

63.5
67.8
57.0
P 61.8

Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

63.3
70.8
66.3
60.3

65.2
71.6
60.8
62.9

63.8
69.0
58.7
63.8

64.2
69.8
54.4
63.8

62.4
69.5
53.5
62.6

65.9
69.5
54.1
59.0

65.7
69.2
53.1
65.2

63.9
69.0
56.3
62.6

66.3
69.2
55.9
62.4

67.3
68.5
54.1
64.0

70.6
69.1
56.2

69.5
66.6
61.8

Over 12-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

64.9
70.2
62.6
61.0

63.9
71.6
60.8
61.7

64.0
71.8
60.1
61.5

65.4
71.8
61.2
61.1

67.0
72.1
58.1
62.8

67.6
71.8
57.7
P 65.2

67.6
71.5
54.5
P 63.9

67.0
72.1
58.7

70.2
70.1
58.6

69.5
69.4
57.3

69.2
65.7
59.4

70.1
65.0
59.8

p

p

p

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

52.5
56.5
56.8
42.1
P 49.3

56.5
60.1
55.0
48.2

50.7
59.7
46.0
48.2

45.7
58.6
45.3
39.6

54.0
53.2
39.2
53.2

45.7
57.9
40.3
49.6

49.3
57.6
45.0
43.9

49.3
53.6
45.0
50.0

59.4
55.8
42.4
44.6

53.2
54.7
45.3
54.3

53.6
57.2
46.4
48.2

55.0
59.4
47.5
P 55.0

Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

60.8
63.7
60.4
38.8

58.3
64.4
51.8
39.9

53.2
66.2
43.5
37.8

47.8
60.8
34.9
43.2

48.9
56.1
33.1
45.3

54.0
56.8
32.0
47.5

50.4
60.8
33.1
45.7

58.3
58.6
35.6
40.6

57.6
54.0
38.8
50.7

59.7
56.1
39.6
47.1

54.7
60.1
40.6
P 54.7

57.6
60.8
38.8
49.3

Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

56.5
62.2
55.4
32.0

59.0
64.4
45.0
37.4

56.8
60.4
38.5
37.1

55.4
61.5
33.5
38.1

50.7
59.0
27.7
42.4

57.9
56.8
28.8
37.8

59.4
56.5
28.8
48.6

56.5
57.2
30.6
43.5

57.6
60.1
33.5
P 46.0

58.6
55.8
33.1
P 50.7

64.4
59.7
34.2

60.8
55.8
38.8

Over 12-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

56.8
57.9
42.1
33.1

57.9
58.6
40.3
33.1

55.8
60.8
39.9
33.8

58.6
60.8
40.6
35.6

57.2
60.8
34.5
37.1

57.6
63.3
31.7
P 42.8

58.6
59.4
25.9
40.3

59.0
60.1
28.8

61.2
57.2
28.1

59.7
55.8
24.1

60.1
49.6
27.0

57.6
47.5
29.1

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




p

p

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1992) are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1996

1995

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June
Total

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

1

1,813.2 1,816.2 1,812.9 1,816.0 1,816.3 1,815.8 1,819.2 1,823.6 1,827.1 1,830.3 1,832.8
263.4
266.0
265.9
264.3
264.7
263.2
261.8
263.5
265.5
264.7
263.8
1,835.1 1,839.8 1,843.6 1,851.8 1,854.9 1,858.7 1,872.5 1,877.9 1,875.7 1,889.1 1,885.2
1,080.4 1,082.1 1,080.1 1,080.9 1,086.2 1,086.5 1,089.2 1,090.7 1,093.7 1,095.8 1,099.3
12,621.5 12,635.9 12,649.6 12,701.2 12,734.8 12,755.6 12,789.9 12,826.1 12,849.9 12,884.9 12,892.8

1,815.0
263.7
1,813.2
1,080.8
12,570.6

1,814.8
260.9
1,822.8
1,080.4
12,590.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

1,879.6
1,562.7
371.0
637.7
6,100.8

1,885.7
1,565.2
365.7
629.9
6,089.2

1,888.5
1,576.1
374.1
634.2
6,109.9

1,897.0
1,576.8
372.5
633.9
6,142.9

1,896.3
1,575.0
378.1
633.6
6,126.8

1,907.9
1,576.5
377.9
632.3
6,146.2

1,896.4
1,576.5
377.6
632.8
6,167.2

1,892.6
1,581.3
375.0
628.5
6,175.4

1,893.4
1,583.6
374.7
629.7
6,186.4

1,894.0
1,586.1
375.4
626.6
6,219.0

1,894.7
1,584.7
375.7
626.8
6,236.2

1,902.4
1,583.7
376.6
627.5
6,259.0

1,905.6
1,586.8
378.2
627.0
6,289.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,483.2
529.5
484.8
5,643.8
2,797.9

3,481.0
527.7
485.0
5,666.0
2,796.7

3,498.8
530.6
485.6
5,668.8
2,800.7

3,513.6
529.2
488.3
5,682.4
2,802.3

3,521.1
527.5
493.8
5,685.7
2,797.8

3,538.7
529.5
498.9
5,685.3
2,806.7

3,551.9
529.2
501.2
5,691.7
2,792.9

3,601.5
527.3
502.2
5,698.1
2,775.5

3,559.7
527.4
504.4
5,712.4
2,785.9

3,545.4
524.8
503.2
5,707.8
2,805.4

3,558.5
524.6
504.0
5,721.7
2,809.0

3,571.8
521.9
505.6
5,727.6
2,812.0

3,579.6
522.7
505.2
5,727.6
2,805.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,373.8
1,218.9
1,658.6
1,795.4
545.4

1,372.8
1,226.1
1,651.0
1,799.9
544.3

1,370.7
1,225.0
1,657.5
1,801.7
544.8

1,378.5
1,226.5
1,660.6
1,799.9
544.5

1,374.6
1,221.8
1,663.9
1,798.9
542.5

1,374.3
1,226.6
1,672.4
1,801.4
542.0

1,381.1
1,225.4
1,676.9
1,803.4
542.5

1,377.3
1,227.4
1,670.5
1,800.6
540.4

1,379.9
1,230.2
1,673.5
1,802.9
542.2

1,381.7
1,230.0
1,673.8
1,806.0
543.7

1,388.9
1,238.8
1,678.4
1,803.0
544.5

1,391.7
1,251.5
1,681.7
1,806.2
545.2

1,399.9
1,244.1
1,685.3
1,811.2
546.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,183.2
3,001.5
4,292.1
2,390.8
1,077.7

2,165.8
3,000.1
4,293.4
2,393.2
1,078.4

2,191.2
3,007.4
4,296.8
2,400.3
1,077.1

2,197.4
3,011.1
4,293.1
2,409.3
1,078.8

2,193.3
3,007.7
4,297.1
2,410.8
1,079.5

2,191.8
3,016.6
4,320.8
2,417.5
1,082.4

2,191.1
3,020.6
4,333.3
2,426.8
1,080.7

2,194.0
3,025.4
4,306.3
2,431.8
1,075.1

2,196.1
3,028.9
4,338.3
2,437.5
1,079.6

2,193.0
3,032.3
4,349.9
2,438.3
1,072.6

2,191.7
3,031.1
4,355.4
2,437.7
1,072.1

2,192.3
3,036.1
4,351.8
2,445.3
1,072.9

2,194.9
3,041.9
4,358.2
2,447.6
1,073.5

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,545.8
353.3
819.8
817.3
546.1

2,548.2
352.0
818.9
823.2
542.4

2,553.0
355.4
822.7
827.0
544.7

2,561.0
356.2
824.6
831.5
545.2

2,559.3
356.6
827.8
833.6
547.5

2,560.4
358.9
829.9
838.0
549.3

2,558.0
359.6
825.6
846.1
549.8

2,560.0
358.9
826.0
851.3
551.3

2,556.7
360.1
830.2
851.9
550.1

2,561.1
359.5
828.1
858.1
548.1

2,575.7
359.5
831.5
860.2
552.0

2,577.4
360.9
836.9
870.2
551.4

2,584.7
358.2
839.0
872.9
550.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,622.3
703.6
7,903.9
3,483.3
305.3

3,595.8
707.0
7,879.1
3,456.0
304.7

3,623.5
709.0
7,909.8
3,495.0
305.6

3,630.5
710.9
7,921.3
3,503.7
307.4

3,632.0
710.8
7,920.8
3,501.1
307.2

3,638.2
714.2
7,934.8
3,512.1
309.9

3,641.9
720.5
7,931.6
3,514.8
309.6

3,642.2
718.1
7,928.0
3,503.5
309.7

3,643.1
719.2
7,934.5
3,516.0
310.5

3,648.1
716.6
7,944.3
3,523.3
310.8

3,650.6
716.5
7,953.2
3,537.8
311.6

3,655.7
718.8
7,956.4
3,546.9
312.1

3,660.6
721.9
7,960.4
3,552.1
313.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,287.5
1,336.8
1,444.7
5,253.1
443.9

5,283.8
1,334.0
1,457.0
5,202.7
443.8

5,294.0
1,334.1
1,453.8
5,258.3
445.0

5,292.9
1,341.6
1,459.4
5,272.9
445.3

5,298.2
1,340.7
1,464.1
5,270.0
442.9

5,310.6
1,346.3
1,466.9
5,281.6
444.5

5,318.4
1,345.4
1,469.8
5,280.0
443.7

5,314.5
1,345.7
1,477.8
5,282.9
440.1

5,324.6
1,353.9
1,483.8
5,288.3
443.5

5,306.0
1,356.9
1,489.6
5,284.8
444.2

5,318.5
1,364.6
1,492.7
5,289.0
444.2

5,321.0
1,368.3
1,502.7
5,285.0
446.7

5,334.4
1,371.2
1,506.8
5,292.6
447.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,659.4
349.6
2,546.6
8,171.7
931.4

1,655.5
351.1
2,543.1
8,158.9
933.3

1,658.9
351.8
2,546.5
8,171.6
937.9

1,662.0
352.8
2,574.8
8,195.6
944.8

1,668.8
352.6
2,551.0
8,217.2
952.6

1,671.6
354.4
2,553.0
8,247.4
954.1

1,686.4
353.9
2,558.4
8,267.0
959.3

1,684.4
354.2
2,555.9
8,282.4
960.4

1,690.9
353.6
2,562.9
8,300.8
964.9

1,690.4
352.5
2,573.9
8,315.0
970.7

1,688.9
354.1
2,582.1
8,338.9
970.4

1,699.8
355.9
2,587.2
8,356.5
972.6

1,690.4
354.6
2,594.5
8,371.4
977.8

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

272.6
3,085.6
2,367.1
692.0
2,568.5
221.4

272.9
3,065.6
2,363.6
686.1
2,576.8
222.6

273.0
3,099.5
2,368.5
693.8
2,564.2
222.8

273.5
3,111.7
2,381.0
696.2
2,574.6
223.3

274.2
3,102.9
2,382.9
696.1
2,569.1
222.5

273.2
3,107.3
2,393.2
708.9
2,581.3
221.1

274.2
3,114.9
2,401.1
700.8
2,585.1
222.1

274.9
3,122.3
2,413.1
698.3
2,586.9
220.4

275.1
3,127.6
2,423.7
697.3
2,596.1
220.8

276.5
3,130.7
2,430.2
697.2
2,599.2
222.7

276.5
3,137.6
2,433.8
697.0
2,605.7
221.5

276.0
3,141.4
2,437.9
698.4
2,612.8
221.5

277.0
3,152.0
2,445.8
697.6
2,616.2
221.5

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

87.7
12.9
120.6
45.2
505.7

89.6
12.8
122.6
45.3
512.7

88.5
12.9
124.6
46.2
503.7

88.9
12.4
122.7
46.7
496.1

88.3
12.8
123.0
46.5
499.6

88.3
13.4
123.2
46.4
504.5

87.8
13.7
122.5
46.6
511.3

87.5
13.3
123.5
47.1
515.5

88.2
13.5
124.5
47.6
520.9

88.6
13.4
124.6
47.8
528.5

88.3
13.1
125.1
47.7
529.8

90.6
13.1
125.9
47.5
537.1

91.4
13.4
125.0
48.2
534.8

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

108.4
51.0
19.1
8.9
306.7

110.5
51.8
18.3
8.2
307.4

113.4
53.7
19.3
8.7
311.9

114.6
54.3
19.9
9.1
312.3

112.2
54.2
20.4
9.1
312.3

112.3
54.6
20.3
9.2
312.2

112.6
55.5
20.3
8.9
312.2

111.7
54.8
20.2
9.1
309.7

112.5
54.4
20.6
9.1
309.8

112.2
54.0
20.7
9.2
311.0

112.2
53.0
20.9
9.2
311.0

113.9
52.8
21.2
9.1
312.0

114.6
52.6
21.4
9.0
313.1

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

159.7
26.0
31.3
216.2
127.3

160.8
25.5
31.5
219.0
128.7

163.7
24.9
32.1
217.1
130.2

164.1
24.7
32.7
218.7
130.7

163.5
24.7
33.8
217.4
131.7

164.2
24.4
34.9
213.1
131.9

163.0
24.2
34.4
217.4
134.8

161.0
24.1
34.4
218.6
135.3

158.9
24.1
34.6
218.4
133.4

159.2
23.6
34.4
218.1
133.3

159.3
23.3
34.0
217.2
133.2

160.7
20.7
33.5
220.1
131.4

161.6
22.8
33.8
221.2
132.5

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

58.5
53.8
72.0
109.1
22.4

56.0
56.9
71.4
112.6
22.3

56.3
57.5
73.0
112.6
22.1

56.7
57.9
73.7
113.1
22.0

56.5
57.6
74.3
111.5
21.8

55.4
56.3
75.0
111.1
21.7

56.4
56.3
74.7
112.3
21.5

56.7
56.0
75.4
112.3
21.9

56.9
55.6
75.4
113.2
22.1

57.2
55.8
74.8
112.7
22.4

57.4
55.7
74.8
110.9
22.7

57.8
56.0
75.0
111.7
22.8

60.9
57.1
74.4
113.1
22.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

126.4
90.8
159.5
83.3
46.6

117.6
90.3
160.1
82.2
47.7

127.7
93.1
160.6
83.0
47.2

130.6
92.0
163.7
83.3
49.2

129.2
92.6
164.4
82.4
49.5

127.6
93.0
167.4
83.2
50.2

126.8
93.6
168.6
85.2
51.2

125.8
93.2
170.1
86.5
52.0

126.3
93.3
169.1
86.7
50.2

126.5
93.3
169.7
86.4
49.9

126.7
93.2
170.7
86.5
50.0

127.4
93.3
170.3
85.6
51.0

127.3
94.5
173.4
85.5
51.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

111.5
16.1
34.7
69.0
20.2

113.1
16.1
34.5
69.3
20.2

112.9
16.4
34.5
70.0
20.0

114.1
16.2
35.2
70.2
19.8

114.8
16.4
35.1
70.6
19.7

111.8
16.5
34.8
71.2
19.9

110.1
16.4
35.1
72.7
20.2

111.9
16.2
35.2
73.5
20.0

111.2
15.8
35.4
74.7
20.2

110.5
16.6
35.6
75.8
20.1

112.9
16.8
35.4
76.3
20.3

114.0
16.6
35.5
77.2
20.3

117.6
16.2
36.1
77.2
20.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

123.1
48.2
249.3
176.6
13.6

119.4
48.3
242.7
166.5
13.8

123.5
49.1
246.5
177.9
13.7

124.6
49.4
247.4
179.7
14.1

125.0
50.2
250.5
179.1
14.3

124.4
50.3
254.5
178.6
15.2

124.4
50.0
254.7
180.9
15.0

123.7
49.3
257.3
181.7
15.5

123.0
49.0
258.7
182.1
15.8

123.7
48.7
260.1
183.9
15.5

122.6
47.8
259.9
185.0
15.2

123.0
47.2
258.1
185.7
15.1

123.8
47.2
258.2
185.2
14.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

209.8
49.0
69.8
198.5
13.5

208.5
49.4
72.7
195.4
13.8

210.2
49.0
73.4
199.5
13.8

213.5
49.2
72.7
203.3
13.7

214.6
49.7
74.3
200.2
13.3

214.6
49.7
73.8
198.7
13.7

214.7
49.3
74.6
201.7
14.3

213.7
49.4
76.2
203.4
14.4

212.1
49.8
76.8
202.1
13.6

212.3
49.7
77.1
202.2
13.3

214.2
50.1
78.4
202.5
13.7

214.4
50.2
78.0
201.1
13.9

215.7
50.8
77.9
201.9
13.9

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

86.4
14.4
109.4
423.0
57.9

87.3
14.8
111.8
426.0
58.1

88.4
14.8
112.2
425.9
59.1

88.3
14.7
115.6
426.5
62.7

89.0
14.7
115.5
426.0
62.8

88.9
14.6
114.6
429.5
62.0

89.9
14.6
116.7
429.0
61.8

89.7
15.0
117.6
429.2
62.1

89.7
14.3
117.6
429.8
63.2

89.4
14.3
118.0
433.3
64.1

89.5
14.5
118.3
436.2
64.3

89.5
14.7
118.2
438.3
62.8

89.9
14.6
118.8
439.5
65.7

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.1
170.9
123.2
32.8
101.3
14.7

12.5
162.8
123.2
28.9
100.9
15.3

12.3
170.4
123.2
32.7
98.5
15.4

12.9
173.2
124.7
32.7
102.1
15.4

12.8
170.3
123.7
33.1
102.8
14.7

12.9
171.7
124.0
33.4
104.8
13.7

13.1
172.5
125.3
33.6
106.1
14.4

13.1
171.7
125.0
33.6
109.0
13.8

13.3
171.3
125.6
34.4
110.6
14.0

13.8
171.9
126.2
35.1
110.6
14.5

13.5
171.5
125.4
35.8
110.2
14.3

13.1
172.3
126.0
35.7
109.8
13.8

13.0
173.6
126.3
35.9
109.4
14.3

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995
State

Nov.

Dec.P

377.8
17.3
200.4
254.8
1,829.6

378.6
15.9
200.3
254.7
1,831.3

379.9
15.0
200.0
255.8
1,831.5

195.6
274.5
57.4
12.9
479.6

195.5
274.5
57.4
12.7
479.7

195.7
275.4
57.4
12.9
479.3

196.5
276.1
57.6
13.1
480.3

590.0
16.3
74.4
977.7
680.2

589.3
16.2
74.2
976.7
679.7

592.7
16.4
73.9
978.9
678.2

591.6
16.2
74.1
978.6
678.0

591.4
16.3
74.1
978.1
677.4

246.9
196.2
309.3
190.4
88.1

248.1
197.4
308.5
189.8
88.6

249.9
197.9
310.0
189.5
88.0

250.9
198.4
310.5
187.7
87.9

251.5
198.9
310.0
187.5
88.0

252.0
199.5
308.9
188.3
87.9

174.3
444.0
966.0
428.4
243.0

173.9
444.2
954.1
429.7
242.7

173.6
442.9
970.7
429.6
242.3

173.6
440.9
969.0
430.0
241.0

173.1
440.8
962.7
427.7
239.8

173.5
440.9
959.8
429.8
238.0

173.4
441.8
956.6
431.0
238.9

420.7
23.6
113.4
38.7
101.9

414.5
23.7
113.0
38.9
101.6

416.0
23.7
112.7
38.8
102.3

412.3
23.8
113.5
38.9
101.5

410.1
23.5
113.4
39.2
101.0

413.7
23.3
113.0
39.5
101.2

413.3
23.5
114.0
39.8
100.6

411.1
23.2
113.7
39.7
100.8

490.5
46.6
936.6
842.1
21.2

491.2
46.6
935.7
845.2
21.6

488.7
47.0
934.8
842.4
21.5

489.6
46.5
933.5
842.1
21.3

488.1
47.5
930.9
839.8
21.5

485.5
47.0
927.6
838.9
21.7

483.7
46.6
925.4
839.8
22.1

484.0
46.5
925.2
839.5
22.0

484.7
46.4
925.5
838.4
22.2

1,082.6
171.1
231.3
927.3
83.5

1,090.8
171.1
230.7
926.8
83.4

1,092.4
171.8
230.3
926.5
82.9

1,092.3
172.4
229.5
927.2
82.5

1,090.2
172.1
230.0
925.4
79.8

1,094.8
174.1
232.7
925.7
82.4

1,088.0
173.5
232.6
924.1
81.9

1,088.8
173.7
232.5
924.7
81.6

1,080.9
173.2
234.4
925.6
81.5

1,084.2
173.4
235.9
925.6
81.8

372.9
47.1
535.6
1,037.5
127.7

372.2
46.6
534.6
1,036.4
128.4

369.2
47.1
530.9
1,039.3
129.7

369.5
48.2
530.6
1,040.9
129.8

368.2
48.3
528.3
1,042.0
130.3

368.6
48.3
524.0
1,042.4
130.3

367.4
48.4
527.9
1,045.2
131.2

365.9
48.2
529.1
1,045.4
131.3

365.1
48.6
528.7
1,046.3
131.3

363.1
48.7
527.2
1,046.8
132.2

362.6
49.0
527.2
1,049.0
132.7

46.0
398.8
332.0
82.3
601.0
9.8

45.8
397.5
332.5
82.4
600.4
9.9

46.1
395.7
333.3
81.8
599.2
9.9

46.1
395.7
334.0
81.8
601.0
9.8

45.9
394.1
336.8
81.4
600.9
9.8

46.3
395.3
341.0
81.9
598.1
10.0

46.3
394.7
343.9
81.5
599.5
10.0

46.2
394.1
345.4
81.5
598.7
10.1

46.1
394.3
348.2
81.1
601.2
10.1

46.3
394.7
349.9
81.1
600.4
10.3

46.3
395.3
353.3
80.4
601.1
10.3

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

387.1
18.4
195.3
258.8
1,801.3

385.5
16.3
196.0
258.1
1,801.7

384.9
19.1
197.3
257.4
1,803.9

380.9
17.8
197.4
256.6
1,807.1

378.5
15.7
197.8
255.2
1,807.1

378.9
15.2
198.1
254.0
1,814.9

377.7
15.4
197.9
254.1
1,817.7

378.1
16.2
198.6
253.3
1,825.0

376.6
15.6
198.9
254.3
1,828.9

377.0
17.2
199.7
254.2
1,829.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

192.5
277.7
61.1
13.0
481.5

193.5
277.3
57.3
12.8
479.9

193.7
278.0
61.5
12.9
480.2

194.2
278.2
57.6
12.9
480.2

194.6
277.3
62.5
13.0
479.3

194.9
277.2
61.4
12.8
479.2

195.0
276.6
61.1
13.0
480.5

195.6
277.5
59.1
13.0
480.4

195.8
278.3
57.2
13.0
480.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

586.0
17.0
72.0
970.3
683.5

586.9
16.9
71.9
977.8
680.9

588.4
16.7
72.0
977.8
681.7

588.1
16.5
73.0
978.4
678.9

587.0
16.5
73.4
979.1
677.7

586.9
16.5
73.4
979.2
678.3

586.9
16.6
73.7
980.4
677.5

588.8
16.5
74.0
979.0
666.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

250.9
194.1
315.3
188.8
90.9

251.1
195.1
314.2
188.9
91.0

249.3
195.2
314.8
189.5
90.4

250.0
194.8
314.1
187.4
90.1

250.5
194.9
313.0
190.0
89.7

248.5
195.1
312.6
190.8
89.2

248.2
195.1
312.1
190.2
88.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

174.3
447.1
971.6
426.8
251.1

172.6
446.3
972.3
427.4
249.5

174.2
446.2
967.8
427.0
247.5

173.9
444.8
946.2
428.6
244.9

174.1
443.4
959.0
429.4
245.7

174.7
443.5
961.1
427.8
245.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

420.9
23.1
111.5
38.1
102.1

422.8
23.3
112.4
38.6
101.7

422.6
23.1
112.3
38.7
101.8

420.3
23.5
112.5
38.7
101.8

421.1
23.6
113.2
38.6
101.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

492.4
46.0
943.8
851.7
21.4

488.1
46.1
943.9
844.2
21.0

492.8
46.2
943.2
849.1
21.0

492.4
46.5
939.6
846.5
21.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,099.8
170.1
229.5
931.3
83.3

1,096.2
167.5
232.4
920.7
83.2

1,095.9
166.9
230.3
927.5
83.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

373.8
46.7
537.3
1,038.5
126.2

373.2
47.2
535.8
1,040.6
126.6

45.6
398.1
332.2
82.4
601.7
9.9

45.6
393.4
331.8
81.4
602.6
10.1

Oct.

Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

88.9
22.9
86.4
65.3
629.9

89.4
22.9
87.5
65.7
628.7

89.2
23.2
88.2
65.4
631.8

88.6
22.8
88.1
65.5
632.2

88.5
22.7
88.1
65.9
636.3

88.6
22.3
87.8
65.6
636.8

89.1
22.1
88.5
65.6
639.1

88.8
21.9
88.5
65.7
642.4

88.4
22.1
89.1
65.6
644.3

88.6
22.9
89.2
65.9
643.2

89.0
23.2
89.3
65.7
643.8

88.7
23.2
89.4
66.1
644.6

88.7
23.2
89.4
65.9
642.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

119.9
71.5
15.9
20.0
306.5

121.0
71.2
16.1
19.6
307.7

121.3
71.5
16.4
19.8
308.4

121.7
71.4
16.5
19.6
309.2

121.6
71.6
16.5
19.6
309.0

121.1
71.5
16.5
19.5
309.6

121.2
71.6
16.4
19.4
311.5

120.9
71.6
16.4
19.3
311.6

120.7
71.6
16.6
19.4
311.9

119.6
72.2
16.3
19.5
312.3

119.1
72.3
16.3
19.6
313.1

119.7
72.8
16.2
19.6
315.4

118.1
72.4
16.2
19.5
317.7

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

218.0
40.9
23.1
329.1
140.1

218.5
40.8
23.3
327.4
140.3

219.3
40.8
23.5
327.0
140.1

220.7
40.7
23.4
327.0
139.8

221.8
40.0
23.4
329.3
140.1

223.1
40.5
23.5
328.3
139.3

224.1
40.7
23.3
328.7
139.7

224.8
40.5
23.5
329.8
138.8

225.1
40.6
23.9
329.7
139.0

225.1
40.4
23.7
328.4
138.3

225.2
40.4
23.9
327.8
138.9

225.8
40.5
23.8
328.8
139.3

226.6
40.6
23.6
330.0
139.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

62.2
68.3
92.6
107.8
22.3

62.9
69.2
93.4
107.5
22.1

62.7
69.2
93.0
107.7
22.2

62.8
69.3
92.8
106.4
22.1

62.3
69.7
93.1
107.2
22.1

62.4
69.5
93.5
107.8
22.2

62.3
69.7
93.5
108.4
22.4

62.6
70.2
93.5
108.3
22.0

62.7
70.4
93.1
108.6
21.9

63.2
70.2
92.8
108.9
22.0

63.2
70.2
93.0
108.7
22.1

63.3
70.4
93.3
108.8
22.3

63.3
70.4
94.3
108.5
22.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan „.
Minnesota
Mississippi

104.5
129.5
167.0
116.7
49.3

106.0
128.7
168.7
117.3
49.4

106.7
128.4
170.4
118.7
49.9

106.5
128.6
171.3
119.4
49.2

106.0
126.9
169.3
118.9
49.1

105.7
128.1
168.8
119.6
48.8

105.9
127.4
168.5
120.6
48.7

106.4
127.5
168.8
121.2
49.0

106.7
127.2
168.6
120.7
48.4

105.5
128.1
169.3
120.5
48.7

104.9
129.0
168.9
120.6
48.1

104.8
129.4
167.9
120.5
48.3

103.8
130.0
169.4
120.7
48.6

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

161.9
20.8
49.4
41.7
20.3

163.4
20.9
49.3
41.9
20.4

163.2
20.9
49.3
42.0
20.3

163.3
21.1
49.5
42.2
20.1

163.5
21.2
49.4
42.4
20.4

163.8
21.1
49.4
42.5
20.4

164.1
21.1
49.7
42.6
20.6

164.0
21.1
50.4
42.8
20.8

166.1
21.0
50.6
42.8
21.1

164.5
21.0
50.1
42.9
20.6

166.2
20.9
50.3
43.0
20.6

166.6
20.7
50.3
43.3
20.8

165.8
20.4
50.4
43.3
21.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

252.0
31.3
404.9
163.6
18.7

251.9
31.5
405.6
164.1
18.2

249.3
31.4
405.4
164.5
18.2

247.7
31.3
405.8
164.0
18.5

249.3
31.3
402.4
164.4
18.2

248.7
31.5
405.2
164.3
18.5

248.5
32.0
404.5
164.9
18.4

247.9
31.5
404.2
165.1
18.3

248.8
31.4
404.4
165.1
18.4

249.6
31.3
403.7
165.0
18.4

250.3
31.1
406.0
164.5
18.5

249.8
31.1
405.4
165.7
18.4

250.0
31.0
404.4
166.3
18.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

231.3
74.7
72.2
271.3
15.3

232.3
74.9
73.2
268.6
15.2

229.4
75.2
72.7
270.0
15.0

228.4
75.2
72.9
270.6
15.0

229.3
75.6
73.5
270.3
15.1

228.7
75.8
73.0
269.3
15.1

229.1
76.0
72.7
270.4
15.3

230.8
76.2
73.6
270.6
15.0

231.0
76.9
73.5
271.3
15.0

231.0
77.0
74.1
270.6
15.1

231.5
77.3
74.2
270.1
15.4

232.6
77.4
73.8
270.9
15.5

232.8
77.0
73.4
271.6
15.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

71.9
16.3
137.9
483.3
52.2

71.4
16.1
137.6
479.7
52.7

71.1
16.2
138.3
481.2
52.7

71.8
16.3
138.1
485.4
53.2

72.5
16.2
138.5
486.8
53.8

72.2
16.3
137.7
488.4
53.6

72.6
16.3
137.9
490.3
53.6

73.6
16.3
137.7
487.3
52.9

74.0
16.2
137.1
489.2
53.1

73.9
16.0
137.5
492.4
53.6

73.8
16.2
137.5
492.4
53.8

73.9
16.1
138.0
493.2
54.8

74.0
16.3
138.1
496.7
55.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.1
158.1
122.2
40.2
119.1
13.6

11.9
159.8
120.8
39.7
119.5
13.6

12.0
161.1
120.8
40.1
119.1
13.6

12.1
161.9
121.7
40.2
119.3
13.6

12.0
161.9
121.5
40.0
119.0
13.4

12.1
161.0
122.2
39.6
119.9
13.6

12.1
162.3
122.0
39.6
119.1
13.6

11.8
161.3
121.6
39.4
119.1
13.6

11.8
162.6
122.3
39.0
119.7
13.5

12.0
162.4
122.0
38.9
120.3
13.5

11.9
163.9
122.3
39.1
120.3
13.5

11.9
163.9
122.5
39.5
120.5
13.6

12.0
162.8
122.6
39.3
120.6
13.6

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Wholesale and retail trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

417.1
53.9
454.2
245.9
2,964.3

418.3
54.2
454.4
246.1
2,966.6

417.8
54.4
457.0
246.5
2,984.0

421.2
54.4
460.1
248.0
2,986.4

421.1
54.6
460.1
247.9
2,979.6

421.4
55.3
462.5
249.0
2,995.7

422.7
56.1
463.3
250.2
3,000.9

425.0
55.9
466.1
249.7
3,001.2

423.8
55.8
467.8
250.1
3,004.3

424.7
55.1
467.7
250.6
3,011.5

424.1
55.1
471.5
252.1
3,014.0

424.1
54.6
474.9
253.0
3,025.2

423.9
54.6
473.9
253.4
3,027.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

472.0
340.5
84.5
51.6
1,571.0

475.2
341.0
83.8
50.2
1,567.2

473.3
343.3
84.7
51.2
1,571.6

475.3
344.3
85.8
51.6
1,572.2

472.4
344.5
85.7
52.1
1,576.6

477.7
345.7
85.5
52.1
1,579.5

468.0
345.8
85.3
52.1
1,587.0

468.9
346.9
84.8
51.8
1,589.7

469.6
348.6
85.0
51.7
1,597.3

470.2
347.4
85.8
51.9
1,603.2

471.1
348.2
86.1
52.2
1,609.8

473.5
347.6
86.3
52.1
1,617.0

473.1
348.6
86.5
51.9
1,621.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

888.7
134.9
123.6
1,330.1
677.6

888.8
135.0
123.8
1,338.4
676.4

890.3
134.9
123.2
1,334.8
677.6

897.2
134.8
123.4
1,341.4
682.8

900.3
135.6
124.2
1,342.3
680.5

905.6
135.2
125.2
1,342.1
683.7

912.3
134.9
126.1
1,344.1
682.1

930.2
134.3
126.9
1,344.6
684.8

917.2
134.4
127.9
1,344.9
685.5

912.9
134.0
127.9
1,347.7
685.4

920.4
134.2
128.1
1,353.1
686.0

925.3
134.2
128.1
1,355.2
687.7

928.9
133.7
128.7
1,353.5
683.3

343.6
301.8
401.7
426.7
140.2

343.2
302.6
397.2
425.7
140.8

343.2
302.1
397.7
426.9
141.3

345.2
304.1
400.7
426.4
141.5

343.4
304.5
401.4
424.8
141.2

344.2
305.2
405.0
426.6
141.7

344.7
305.0
406.3
426.7
141.9

347.7
306.3
403.9
427.2
140.7

347.8
308.1
405.5
428.0
141.0

347.7
308.6
407.1
429.4
141.9

347.5
311.1
407.4
430.2
141.7

348.5
311.5
409.9
430.7
142.0

349.7
311.2
411.2
432.4
141.7

533.9
692.8
1,018.3
582.1
229.5

529.8
688.9
1,021.5
584.5
229.5

533.1
693.4
1,015.4
583.2
229.1

535.1
693.9
1,021.2
587.4
228.5

534.6
693.7
1,015.2
588.5
228.5

534.0
698.7
1,021.3
589.1
229.6

533.6
699.6
1,021.2
589.6
228.5

535.1
703.0
1,020.4
589.0
229.4

535.0
705.7
1,027.2
591.4
227.8

534.3
701.2
1,033.4
592.2
226.4

535.5
700.0
1,041.4
595.5
227.2

535.1
701.0
1,039.2
595.9
227.4

535.7
703.6
1,042.7
597.9
226.5

607.9
97.5
207.2
163.5
142.1

610.0
97.9
206.4
164.5
142.6

608.5
98.1
206.6
165.6
142.8

610.3
98.2
207.0
168.0
144.0

607.6
98.1
206.6
167.6
144.3

608.6
98.6
207.3
169.2
145.1

608.0
98.7
206.9
170.2
144.5

608.1
97.9
206.5
171.7
145.8

610.6
97.7
207.1
173.2
145.1

610.0
98.2
206.7
174.5
143.2

614.6
98.5
208.2
175.3
145.0

615.9
98.4
209.1
176.4
145.3

617.8
97.7
209.5
177.0
146.5

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

856.4
168.5
1,630.3
809.5
80.5

849.0
169.4
1,627.8
804.3
80.3

856.4
169.6
1,628.1
812.1
80.6

858.5
170.5
1,631.6
815.3
81.0

856.9
169.7
1,633.9
813.1
80.4

861.4
170.9
1,634.7
815.0
80.8

861.3
171.3
1,633.5
813.1
80.8

861.6
171.5
1,635.2
812.8
81.0

862.9
172.2
1,637.8
809.9
80.9

864.7
172.4
1,642.4
810.6
81.1

867.2
173.2
1,645.2
812.8
81.4

869.0
174.6
1,653.2
814.1
82.0

871.6
175.3
1,650.2
817.4
82.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,293.9
317.2
364.9
1,203.7
97.9

1,297.7
318.0
368.3
1,198.3
96.7

1,298.7
318.1
366.9
1,215.1
97.0

1,300.5
319.9
369.1
1,216.5
96.6

1,300.3
318.8
370.2
1,215.3
95.9

1,304.0
322.3
371.0
1,221.8
96.8

1,306.6
321.8
373.2
1,220.7
98.4

1,306.0
320.7
375.0
1,220.8
99.0

1,305.1
320.5
376.5
1,224.6
98.6

1,306.6
321.2
376.5
1,222.9
97.1

1,314.5
323.1
377.0
1,226.3
97.9

1,316.4
324.0
378.4
1,223.2
98.3

1,317.7
324.4
380.1
1,224.1
98.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

389.4
89.4
605.4
1,989.0
225.2

388.8
90.3
601.4
1,985.4
224.9

389.7
89.9
603.0
1,982.9
225.5

389.9
90.7
604.4
1,983.6
226.3

396.2
90.1
604.4
1,984.8
228.8

397.7
90.1
607.9
1,991.5
229.6

399.6
90.4
611.7
1,999.8
231.1

400.1
90.1
611.9
2,003.7
233.2

404.7
91.1
614.8
2,005.0
233.2

406.1
90.6
615.0
2,014.8
233.2

405.3
90.6
616.2
2,019.0
233.6

405.6
90.4
621.2
2,025.8
234.7

406.3
90.0
626.5
2,032.0
235.1

64.8
702.8
587.4
159.9
590.9
52.8

64.3
700.6
584.8
160.1
591.2
52.8

64.2
706.5
584.9
161.5
590.8
52.7

64.1
710.1
586.5
161.5
593.9
52.9

64.1
712.3
588.3
162.4
592.8
53.0

64.0
713.1
590.9
162.6
594.0
53.2

64.7
712.8
591.4
163.0
593.7
53.5

65.1
714.4
594.1
162.7
593.7
52.9

65.6
715.0
595.8
161.6
593.7
51.7

65.6
718.1
595.6
162.6
596.6
52.2

66.0
723.5
597.6
161.8
597.6
52.3

65.5
723.2
597.9
162.2
599.5
52.1

65.6
725.0
598.3
161.8
600.8
52.5

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
77.7
11.6
108.1
42.0
734.6

78.0
11.5
108.3
42.0
734.6

78.2
11.6
108.2
42.1
733.7

78.5
11.6
108.5
42.3
735.4

78.4
11.7
108.7
42.5
735.0

78.8
11.5
108.7
42.4
734.7

79.1
11.5
108.8
42.5
735.3

79.4
11.6
109.8
42.5
733.1

79.8
11.7
110.5
42.7
734.4

79.9
11.6
110.7
43.0
734.7

79.8
11.6
111.8
42.9
734.8

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

77.6
11.7
107.3
42.0
735.7

77.4
11.7
107.5
42.0
734.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

114.9
131.9
42.2
29.9
378.5

114.8
132.9
42.4
29.7
379.3

115.2
133.3
42.5
29.6
380.5

115.4
133.5
42.6
29.7
381.7

115.7
133.2
42.8
29.7
381.9

116.5
132.7
42.9
29.6
384.0

116.2
132.3
42.8
29.6
384.3

116.0
132.3
43.0
29.6
384.6

116.0
131.9
43.1
29.6
385.2

116.4
132.0
43.0
29.6
387.0

115.9
130.8
43.0
29.4
387.1

116.4
129.8
43.0
29.6
388.4

116.3
129.3
43.6
29.7
389.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

175.8
37.2
24.2
383.5
133.3

175.7
37.2
24.1
384.6
134.2

176.5
37.3
23.9
384.8
134.4

176.4
37.1
23.6
385.8
134.0

175.7
37.0
23.7
385.0
133.7

176.2
37.0
23.8
384.8
133.6

175.9
36.6
23.9
386.6
133.7

176.6
36.4
24.0
387.2
133.5

176.6
36.2
24.1
387.2
133.7

176.9
36.2
24.0
387.5
134.3

177.6
36.1
24.0
389.4
134.7

177.9
35.8
25.5
389.8
135.1

178.3
35.8
25.5
389.7
135.0

77.3
58.2
65.7
80.4
26.0

77.6
58.8
65.7
80.8
25.9

77.6
58.7
65.9
80.6
26.0

77.9
58.7
65.4
80.8
26.0

77.6
58.9
65.6
80.6
25.8

77.9
58.6
66.1
80.3
25.9

77.6
58.7
66.3
80.6
25.9

78.3
58.7
66.5
80.7
26.3

78.3
59.3
66.3
80.6
26.5

78.3
59.5
66.6
81.1
26.3

78.1
59.6
66.9
80.8
26.3

78.3
59.5
66.8
81.0
26.5

78.3
59.5
67.2
80.9
26.7

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

127.4
203.7
196.5
139.7
40.0

126.7
202.6
196.0
140.0
40.0

127.5
203.3
196.4
140.3
39.5

127.5
203.4
197.2
140.3
39.5

127.0
203.7
196.8
140.7
39.5

127.3
203.6
196.4
141.4
39.8

127.3
204.1
197.0
141.4
39.6

127.6
204.9
197.7
142.0
39.7

127.8
205.0
197.8
142.6
39.5

127.9
204.8
197.3
142.4
39.4

127.9
205.5
198.5
142.3
39.5

127.8
205.8
198.2
142.4
39.6

127.4
205.8
199.7
142.7
39.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

147.5
15.8
52.8
37.3
29.2

148.9
15.5
52.5
37.5
29.5

149.1
15.6
52.5
37.6
29.4

149.4
15.5
52.3
37.8
29.5

149.3
15.6
52.2
37.8
29.7

149.8
15.7
52.3
38.0
29.6

150.0
15.7
51.7
38.2
29.7

150.0
15.7
52.1
38.2
29.8

150.7
15.8
52.4
38.4
29.2

150.8
15.9
52.5
38.4
29.3

150.3
16.2
52.7
38.7
29.2

150.4
16.1
52.7
38.9
29.2

150.8
16.2
52.7
39.0
29.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

228.9
30.0
719.9
147.1
13.9

228.7
29.9
714.7
147.6
13.9

229.4
30.0
721.4
148.3
14.0

229.6
30.0
720.6
149.0
14.1

229.6
30.1
722.7
149.7
14.0

229.7
30.4
722.6
150.9
14.0

229.7
30.5
722.3
151.6
14.1

230.3
30.4
721.7
152.8
14.1

229.6
30.6
722.3
153.7
14.0

230.5
30.6
721.9
154.1
14.2

230.0
30.9
722.6
155.4
14.2

230.5
30.7
721.6
156.1
14.3

230.8
30.9
722.0
157.0
14,3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

273.5
66.3
88.6
306.1
24.5

276.3
66.5
88.7
306.3
24.7

274.5
66.5
88.7
307.1
24.7

275.2
66.6
89.2
307.3
24.8

275.8
66.8
89.6
307.7
24.7

276.2
66.4
89.8
308.2
24.6

276.7
66.3
90.5
309.3
24.4

276.8
66.7
90.2
309.9
24.7

277.1
66.8
90.4
311.0
24.7

277.1
67.0
90.9
310.4
24.8

278.3
67.4
91.8
310.1
24.7

278.9
67.5
92.3
310.3
25.0

279.3
67.8
92.9
311.2
24.9

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

70.5
19.4
111.8
440.8
49.5

70.5
19.4
111.6
441.0
49.6

70.4
19.5
112.1
440.1
49.8

70.7
19.6
111.8
441.1
50.4

70.8
19.7
112.3
443.3
50.4

70,7
19.7
112.6
444.1
50.4

71.0
19.8
113.1
444.5
50.6

71.5
20.0
113.2
446.6
51.0

72.0
20.2
113.4
445.9
51.3

72.3
20.1
113.3
445.8
51.9

72.3
20.1
113.4
446.8
52.3

72.4
20,2
113.7
446.2
53.1

72.7
20.3
113.8
446.6
52.9

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.2
161.6
121.6
27.2
136.3
7.9

12.1
162.0
123.0
27.3
136.2
8.0

12.1
161.8
122.9
27.3
136.1
8.1

12.2
162.2
123.5
27.4
136.2
8.1

12.2
161.4
123.3
27.4
136.2
8.0

12.1
161.5
124.3
27.6
136.8
8.0

12.2
161.9
124.5
27.7
136.8
8.1

12.3
161.9
124.5
27.6
137.3
7.9

12.5
161.7
124.6
26.7
137.7
7.9

12.4
162.0
125.0
26.8
137.6
8.0

12.4
162.2
124.8
26.9
137.5
7.9

12.5
163.0
125.0
26.6
137.4
7.9

12.5
163.1
125.2
26.7
137.7
7.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1995

1996

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

403.3
61.3
530.1
241.9
3,803.3

402.1
60.9
536.3
241.7
3,819.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

552.3
469.1
98.3
265.2
2,111.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

July

403.0
61.0
540.7
242.3
3,833.1

405.0
61.5
542.1
242.6
3,848.8

404.7
62.0
544.6
241.2
3,862.2

406.6
62.1
545.6
242.2
3,880.4

408.6
62.8
547.1
243.6
3,899.2

410.2
62.7
549.6
244.8
3,904.3

551.7
467.5
97.7
262.4
2,103.5

552.4
470.8
99.6
265.4
2,110.0

555.6
470.2
99.7
265.8
2,109.2

559.1
470.5
99.8
265.2
2,119.5

563.0
473.6
100.9
264.7
2,133.2

562.0
474.7
101.0
267.2
2,144.2

864.5
164.9
111.6
1,597.8
637.8

861.2
164.1
112.4
1,602.5
639.7

871.2
165.7
113.1
1,605.3
639.5

876.8
165.3
114.1
1,609.3
639.0

880.7
164.7
116.6
1,612.0
637.3

888.4
165.7
118.0
1,618.0
639.3

348.9
294.9
399.0
476.1
150.4

350.3
292.5
399.3
479.6
149.5

350.3
293.4
401.3
478.7
150.3

353.7
294.7
402.2
480.2
150.3

352.4
293.6
403.0
478.8
149.9

692.1
1,040.2
1,134.5
652.4
236.5

690.3
1,044.0
1,134.7
652.6
236.4

696.7
1,045.9
1,142.5
656.9
238.5

698.6
1,050.7
1,148.3
660.4
241.4

695.4
98.0
212.0
355.7
155.9

690.6
97.5
210.7
357.8
153.5

694.5
99.1
213.5
360.2
155.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,099.1
197.9
2,567.6
772.0
82.8

1,091.3
200.6
2,558.2
765.9
82.7

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,413.0
356.7
376.5
1,601.1
148.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

410.4
63.1
554.0
245.4
3,914.8

411.8
63.2
553.9
247.0
3,931.1

413.4
62.9
553.4
247.4
3,939.9

413.0
63.0
557.2
248.1
3,952.0

412.8
63.2
556.5
249.6
3,964.3

561.3
477.1
101.0
267.6
2,157.5

561.3
477.2
101.6
266.9
2,159.7

560.8
479.5
101.7
265.1
2,165.1

562.2
478.8
101.4
264.7
2,172.2

564.3
480.3
101.7
265.6
2,181.2

568.1
481.5
102.4
265.6
2,195.5

893.7
165.6
119.6
1,614.4
637.6

923.8
165.5
120.5
1,619.0
639.8

898.8
165.6
120.4
1,621.8
639.2

887.5
165.9
119.4
1,627.6
638.3

888.7
165.7
119.0
1,630.1
643.6

893.7
165.9
119.2
1,629.5
644.6

895.4
165.7
118.5
1,635.2
643.1

353.4
294.1
404.4
478.5
149.9

358.1
294.4
408.0
478.4
150.2

354.4
294.5
408.7
478.0
150.0

355.5
295.5
410.4
477.8
150.1

354.6
294.9
411.1
477.0
150.6

359.5
297.3
412.7
479.1
151.0

361.2
297.6
413.4
479.9
151.4

363.9
297.5
415.6
481.1
152.1

699.0
1,050.7
1,149.5
659.9
240.7

698.4
1,053.8
1,160.3
664.0
241.7

699.5
1,055.2
1,164.3
665.0
239.9

700.2
1,057.8
1,153.8
665.1
236.7

704.8
1,060.4
1,164.7
668.4
240.8

702.0
1,062.9
1,162.0
669.2
239.3

703.2
1,063.9
1,162.4
669.8
239.9

702.5
1,066.1
1,164.0
672.5
241.4

701.7
1,067.4
1,169.7
674.1
240.8

698.0
99.0
214.3
361.9
154.6

697.5
99.5
217.3
364.2
156.5

701.1
101.0
217.7
365.2
156.7

704.8
102.9
217.2
369.9
156.7

703.3
102.6
217.7
369.5
155.2

700.9
103.0
219.3
369.2
155.9

710.0
102.7
218.9
369.9
156.7

711.3
102.6
219.9
369.6
158.4

709.9
102.5
221.2
373.4
156.8

714.3
102.6
223.2
376.3
154.8

1,101.4
201.4
2,580.5
776.1
83.1

1,106.7
202.0
2,592.6
779.8
83.4

1,109.0
201.8
2,593.8
779.4
83.6

1,113.5
203.4
2,599.8
781.7
84.8

1,118.2
204.5
2,600.2
784.4
84.8

1,121.1
203.5
2,607.1
789.2
84.9

1,124.7
203.5
2,613.4
795.9
85.4

1,124.7
202.4
2,618.6
794.8
85.3

1,126.1
203.1
2,619.4
801.5
85.9

1,129.5
203.9
2,622.5
805.8
86.2

1,132.1
205.6
2,631.0
804.6
86.6

1,411.8
357.6
386.9
1,580.5
149.2

1,416.7
357.9
385.2
1,598.6
149.8

1,423.4
358.5
387.0
1,605.6
150.2

1,420.4
357.7
388.4
1,607.5
149.0

1,424.3
358.9
390.6
1,610.7
150.0

1,427.1
358.8
392.4
1,606.3
148.9

1,426.1
358.9
396.3
1,611.8
148.3

1,428.7
363.9
399.8
1,611.3
149.4

1,428.2
367.2
400.5
1,613.5
150.1

1,427.2
369.6
400.8
1,617.1
149.1

1,428.9
372.9
403.4
1,616.6
150.7

1,434.2
374.4
407.0
1,620.8
151.0

371.5
90.3
653.0
2,177.7
247.8

372.6
90.5
651.4
2,172.1
248.6

374.3
90.9
650.0
2,181.8
249.1

375.9
91.4
654.4
2,198.1
248.8

378.0
91.1
652.6
2,210.0
251.9

379.3
91.5
653.0
2,224.8
254.3

381.2
91.7
655.8
2,234.8
256.8

382.0
91.9
659.3
2,240.1
257.0

383.9
91.1
660.0
2,244.9
258.6

385.9
91.4
664.7
2,246.8
260.6

385.8
91.8
665.9
2,254.5
259.7

386.6
92.1
667.7
2,260.8
259.2

388.1
91.8
669.4
2,262.6
260.2

80.5
890.0
632.1
187.3
640.6
48.0

81.2
883.2
632.5
186.1
641.4
48.3

80.9
894.9
636.5
187.4
641.9
48.6

80.9
900.8
640.8
187.8
643.7
48.5

81.4
894.5
643.2
187.9
642.1
48.6

80.6
897.5
646.2
188.3
645.1
48.2

80.7
903.0
649.8
189.9
643.3
48.0

81.2
909.4
653.2
190.6
644.0
48.0

80.8
914.0
658.3
188.9
647.9
48.0

80.4
916.7
662.0
188.7
649.6
48.5

81.1
916.3
661.4
189.2
654.6
48.8

80.9
917.1
662.5
190.1
657.1
48.1

81.2
925.4
663.5
191.1
659.9
47.8

June

Aug.

Services

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1996

1995

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

June

May

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.P

Government
342.3
72.8
306.9
178.3
2,101.5

341.5
72.0
306.1
178.0
2,096.7

341.0
72.2
306.8
177.1
2,101.4

342.6
72.6
308.7
177.2
2,101.7

342.5
72.2
309.2
177.8
2,102.2

342.4
73.5
313.7
178.1
2,104.4

340.8
73.5
314.3
180.2
2,102.9

336.1
73.4
311.1
180.1
2,104.0

341.6
72.6
316.8
180.3
2,113.2

342.4
73.1
320.5
179.3
2,121.5

343.5
73.0
313.0
179.9
2,130.5

344.4
73.2
318.2
180.1
2,131.8

345.2
72.8
316.0
180.2
2,130.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

305.3
220.2
49.8
249.0
938.2

304.9
222.7
50.0
246.9
937.2

305.0
224.7
50.0
246.5
940.2

305.9
224.1
50.3
245.1
971.0

306.5
222.9
50.3
244.8
941.0

308.4
220.4
50.3
244.3
941.3

307.3
219.3
50.6
242.5
940.3

304.4
220.4
50.4
238.0
934.7

303.7
220.8
50.5
239.9
935.3

305.7
225.8
50.4
238.3
953.6

305.4
226.3
50.5
238.9
956.1

305.7
224.2
50.7
238.5
958.4

305.7
225.4
50.4
238.1
964.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

582.8
108.6
96.1
803.6
391.8

581.6
108.2
95.3
803.2
390.1

581.8
110.3
94.9
808.8
390.5

582.7
110.1
95.2
808.4
390.4

584.5
109.0
95.9
807.3
390.3

586.7
110.2
97.1
806.8
394.2

588.5
110.6
97.3
806.9
381.0

588.8
110.0
95.9
806.8
370.3

585.5
110.2
96.0
819.5
368.5

587.0
108.5
96.6
808.5
389.6

587.2
108.5
98.1
812.1
388.0

589.3
108.6
98.3
812.5
389.4

590.0
107.8
97.9
806.9
388.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

230.2
239.8
287.9
359.7
93.1

229.6
242.8
286.0
358.6
92.6

229.3
240.7
287.7
359.4
92.4

230.0
238.7
287.7
358.8
92.4

229.8
234.6
289.2
358.9
91.9

230.4
239.9
291.6
358.9
91.3

231.7
238.2
291.7
359.3
91.7

228.6
237.4
288.9
355.9
91.3

228.5
235.9
289.8
356.8
91.9

228.7
235.0
286.8
359.5
92.4

230.2
238.7
288.4
357.5
92.7

229.1
249.7
288.8
358.4
92.1

229.7
240.9
289.4
358.6
92.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

423.4
396.0
637.0
381.8
219.9

421.7
397.9
632.3
381.2
221.2

424.1
395.6
636.0
383.1
220.8

424.0
396.2
637.5
382.0
221.5

422.2
395.2
635.2
383.2
221.8

422.9
394.5
637.8
384.5
222.6

422.5
395.3
640.0
388.7
225.0

423.8
393.5
633.6
390.4
220.7

420.8
393.1
632.3
390.2
225.7

422.1
399.7
641.4
389.9
223.0

419.4
397.4
642.7
387.3
222.8

420.2
398.3
644.3
390.6
222.5

424.5
397.4
638.6
387.7
223.5

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

395.9
76.7
150.9
98.5
75.9

394.5
75.7
151.9
100.1
74.1

397.0
77.0
152.7
99.4
74.7

400.5
77.5
152.5
99.2
75.0

400.6
77.2
152.8
98.7
74.8

399.6
77.1
153.8
99.2
75.2

401.4
75.8
150.8
99.4
76.0

401.5
76.4
150.2
102.5
76.9

399.8
77.8
150.7
100.2
76.5

400.2
76.5
149.7
102.9
76.7

401.8
76.0
150.7
103.3
76.7

402.4
77.9
152.9
106.6
77.8

402.3
77.0
152.1
105.8
77.4

568.1
166.2
1,383.3
559.1
70.4

565.5
165.4
1,381.9
559.6
70.9

568.7
165.5
1,380.4
563.3
71.0

569.1
165.3
1,379.3
565.7
71.0

569.7
165.0
1,376.5
569.6
71.3

567.4
164.9
1,377.8
572.6
71.0

569.1
169.0
1,377.2
573.7
70.9

565.9
168.9
1,364.6
556.0
70.6

563.9
168.4
1,362.6
565.7
70.5

567.4
167.5
1,365.5
572.2
70.6

568.7
167.2
1,370.3
575.0
70.2

567.9
168.2
1,365.9
576.2
70.1

565.7
168.7
1,364.5
579.4
70.3

752.1
270.9
241.4
722.2
61.1

746.8
268.5
232.8
714.6
60.9

754.4
268.8
234.7
721.6
61.2

755.2
269.4
235.3
723.3
61.4

752.9
269.4
235.6
723.2
61.3

756.3
269.5
236.6
727.3
61.2

758.0
269.3
235.1
725.4
59.7

757.3
270.4
234.7
722.0
58.7

762.2
270.7
232.2
723.2
59.6

749.0
270.6
236.0
722.1
61.7

750.3
272.4
236.0
719.2
61.7

755.1
272.4
240.4
718.5
61.7

756.7
272.7
237.6
718.7
61.8

294.0
70.7
387.2
1,464.6
164.3

289.8
70.5
388.8
1,461.1
164.9

290.2
71.1
390.8
1,467.5
166.0

291.3
71.1
411.4
1,470.9
167.1

291.2
71.3
392.3
1,473.7
167.2

291.4
71.7
392.1
1,474.1
166.5

302.0
70.5
390.3
1,472.5
167.1

297.0
70.3
387.7
1,480.3
166.0

297.3
70.0
387.5
1,487.7
166.5

295.0
69.6
391.7
1,483.7
168.1

295.2
70.0
397.6
1,491.3
167.7

306.7
71.5
396.7
1,492.5
168.0

294.9
70.3
396.1
1,492.6
168.2

44.9
593.5
445.1
136.3
376.2
57.8

44.6
593.4
444.3
137.1
382.8
57.7

45.0
595.6
445.0
136.9
374.5
57.6

44.9
595.5
448.1
138.7
376.8
57.8

45.1
596.5
446.4
138.0
374.8
58.0

45.0
596.4
448.4
149.9
377.4
57.7

44.9
597.9
448.0
139.8
382.9
58.0

44.5
598.1
450.4
136.7
383.5
57.4

44.2
598.1
449.9
139.6
384.7
59.0

45.5
595.3
450.6
138.2
383.4
59.6

44.8
595.8
450.8
138.0
381.9
58.3

45.1
597.1
450.7
138.3
385.6
59.5

45.7
596.7
453.3
137.9
384.3
59.0

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

1996

1997

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

p

Dec.

Jan."

Total private

33.8

34.5

34.5

34.3

34.2

34.7

34.2

34.4

34.7

34.3

34.6

34.8

34.1

Goods-producing

39.7

41.1

40.8

41.0

40.9

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.0

41.0

41.1

41.3

40.8

Mining

44.1

45.3

45.7

45.0

45.2

45.9

44.9

44.8

45.4

45.4

44.8

45.8

44.4

Construction

38.2

39.7

38.7

38.9

38.0

38.7

38.7

38.7

38.6

38.8

38.9

38.8

37.8

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

40.0
4.1

41.4
4.3

41.3
4.3

41.5
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.6
4.4

41.7
4.5

41.7
4.5

41.7
4.4

41.7
4.5

42.0
4.6

41.7
4.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

40.9
4.4
39.1
35.7
42.1
43.2
44.3
41.0
42.1
40.3
42.4
43.3
40.2
37.7

42.2
4.6
40.6
39.1
43.5
44.1
44.9
42.0
43.0
41.6
43.1
43.7
41.8
39.5

42.0
4.5
40.6
39.4
43.2
43.9
44.5
42.0
43.0
41.4
42.2
42.1
41.7
39.7

42.4
4.9
40.8
39.2
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.3
43.2
40.9
44.6
46.0
41.4
39.6

42.5
5.1
41.0
39.7
43.2
44.2
44.4
42.6
43.0
41.3
44.5
46.5
41.6
39.9

42.6
5.0
41.2
39.5
43.5
44.2
44.5
42.6
43.3
41.6
44.4
45.7
41.9
39.7

42.3
4.7
41.1
39.7
43.2
44.0
44.3
42.4
43.1
41.2
43.9
45.5
41.4
39.7

42.5
4.8
40.9
39.5
43.2
44.5
44.2
42.5
42.8
41.7
44.7
46.4
41.7
39.8

42.5
4.8
40.9
39.5
43.2
44.5
44.4
42.4
43.0
41.6
44.3
45.2
41.9
39.8

42.4
4.7
40.9
39.5
43.3
44.4
44.6
42.4
42.9
41.5
43.9
44.7
41.7
39.8

42.4
4.7
41.0
39.8
43.2
44.1
44.7
42.3
43.0
41.4
44.1
44.6
41.8
40.0

42.8
4.9
40.9
40.3
43.5
44.6
44.9
42.6
43.3
41.9
44.6
45.1
42.0
40.4

42.4
4.9
40.2
39.9
42.1
44.5
45.2
42.1
43.1
41.3
44.8
45.8
41.6
39.9

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

38.7
3.8
39.9
36.4
36.1
33.5
41.5
37.2
42.5

40.5
4.0
41.2
39.8
40.5
36.8
43.1
38.2
43.2
2

40.5
4.0
41.1
40.4
40.8
36.9
43.1
38.2
43.1

40.4
4.2
41.1
40.4
40.3
36.5
43.4
38.1
42.9

40.6
4.0
41.2
39.5
40.6
37.2
43.4
38.3
43.2

40.7
4.2
41.0
39.4
40.9
37.6
43.5
38.1
43.4

40.5
4.1
40.8
39.4
40.8
37.1
43.4
38.2
43.3

40.6
4.0
40.6
39.8
40.9
37.4
43.3
38.4
43.3

40.7
4.1
41.0
40.3
40.9
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1

40.6
4.1
41.1
39.9
40.9
37.4
43.4
38.2
43.2

40.7
4.1
41.2
40.6
41.3
37.4
43.6
38.2
43.3

41.0
4.3
41.5
41.8
41.6
37.5
43.7
38.4
43.6

40.6
4.3
41.0
39.2
41.1
37.2
43.4
38.1
43.6

40.3
34.8

41.3
37.6

41.3
37.8

41.4
37.6

41.7
38.3

41.5
38.5

41.5
38.3

41.7
38.9

41.6
38.8

41.5
38.4

41.2
39.0

41.8
38.9

41.1
37.8

32.2

32.7

32.8

32.5

32.5

33.0

32.5

32.6

33.0

32.6

32.8

33.0

32.4

Transportation and public utilities

38.8

39.8

39.9

39.4

39.2

40.0

39.4

39.7

40.1

39.6

39.9

40.0

39.4

Wholesale trade

37.8

38.3

38.3

38.1

38.0

38.7

38.0

38.3

38.5

38.1

38.3

38.6

38.0

Retail trade

28.3

28.8

28.9

28.6

28.8

29.0

28.6

28.8

28.9

28.7

29.0

28.9

28.6

Service-producing

(2)

<)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate

O

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

<)

<2)

Services

O

(2)

(2)

(2)

<2)

<2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and




irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

(1982 = 100)
1996

1997

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.p

Total private

131.7

135.5

135.5

135.2

135.3

137.7

136.1

136.9

138.0

137.1

138.2

139.3

137.0

Goods-producing

106.0

110.8

109.5

110.0

109.9

110.7

110.2

110.6

110.3

110.5

110.9

111.7

110.4

52.7

54.9

55.7

54.6

55.2

56.0

54.2

54.3

54.7

54.7

53.9

55.1

53.7

Construction

140.7

150.5

145.6

146.8

143.9

147.1

147.8

148.0

147.9

149.0

150.5

151.3

147.8

Manufacturing

102.0

105.9

105.2

105.7

106.2

106.5

105.8

106.3

105.9

105.9

106.1

106.9

106.2

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

104.1
127.1
111.4
104.9
90.4
72.8
110.2
101.2
105.0
116.6
158.2
70.8
97.2

107.4
133.1
121.7
109.7
91.9
73.8
112.9
103.2
108.7
118.6
159.9
73.6
102.2

106.3
133.1
122.0
108.9
91.5
73.1
113.0
103.2
108.1
113.2
147.9
73.6
102.4

107.7
134.8
120.8
108.9
91.0
72.4
113.5
103.6
106.8
122.9
167.4
72.9
101.4

108.4
135.9
123.9
108.6
91.8
73.3
114.5
103.2
107.8
122.4
170.6
73.6
102.1

108.9
137.2
122.6
109.7
92.5
73.5
115.2
103.9
108.3
123.8
168.7
74.0
102.0

108.0
136.7
124.2
108.6
90.9
72.8
115.0
103.4
107.8
121.4
165.1
72.6
101.3

108.9
136.9
122.9
109.2
92.9
72.6
115.8
102.8
108.7
125.0
172.9
73.5
101.1

108.3
136.2
122.9
109.2
92.6
72.5
115.3
102.7
108.0
122.3
164.5
74.0
101.1

108.2
137.1
122.6
109.9
92.4
72.5
115.5
102.8
107.4
121.4
161.8
73.6
101.1

108.4
137.9
123.9
109.2
91.6
72.6
115.4
103.2
107.2
122.7
161.7
73.6
102.0

109.4
137.3
125.7
110.4
92.6
72.5
116.1
104.2
108.2
124.3
164.1
74.2
103.8

108.7
134.5
124.2
106.4
92.3
73.4
115.0
104.2
106.7
125.9
167.6
73.5
104.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

99.3
111.0
55.9
80.8
70.1
105.0
120.5
100.2
73.9
136.5
41.2

103.9
114.8
63.1
91.7
77.5
108.6
123.4
101.3
73.6
139.6
44.5

103.7
114.7
64.0
92.0
76.7
108.4
123.6
100.9
74.6
139.2
44.1

102.9
114.1
64.0
90.1
75.5
108.5
122.7
100.1
72.8
139.7
43.9

103.3
114.6
60.7
90.9
76.4
108.5
123.2
100.4
72.9
141.1
44.1

103.3
112.3
62.5
91.4
76.7
108.4
122.7
100.6
76.7
141.0
44.4

102.6
111.3
60.5
91.2
76.0
107.7
123.0
100.0
75.8
141.2
43.5

102.6
110.6
57.2
91.1
75.3
107.9
123.6
99.8
75.8
142.8
43.0

102.6
111.8
61.9
90.9
74.9
108.8
123.0
99.2
75.1
142.1
42.9

102.7
112.4
63.2
91.3
74.8
108.8
122.8
99.2
73.4
141.5
42.5

102.8
113.2
66.4
91.3
74.3
109.3
122.8
99.4
74.8
140.9
42.5

103.5
114.6
66.3
92.3
74.1
109.3
123.2
99.6
75.5
142.8
43.6

102.6
113.7
60.2
91.2
72.9
109.0
121.9
99.9
79.2
140.2
41.8

143.2

146.6

147.2

146.6

146.7

149.8

147.7

148.7

150.4

149.0

150.5

151.7

148.9

Transportation and public utilities

124.5

128.4

129.1

127.6

127.2

130.1

128.3

129.4

130.8

129.2

130.4

130.6

129.2

Wholesale trade

122.0

124.0

124.3

123.7

123.7

126.0

123.9

125.3

126.3

125.4

126.3

127.2

125.3

Retail trade

129.9

133.1

133.7

132.7

134.1

135.5

134.1

135.0

135.7

135.5

137.1

137.1

135.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate

122.2

124.4

125.4

124.2

124.0

128.9

125.1

126.3

129.6

125.0

127.6

130.7

125.4

Services

170.3

174.5

175.2

175.1

174.7

178.7

176.4

177.5

179.8

178.2

179.4

181.6

177.7

Mining

Service-producing

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.




p

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Sen/ices
Government

Nov. 1996
to
Dec. 1996r

Dec. 1996
to
Jan. 1997p

Dec.
1996r

Jan.
1997p

221,063

221,708

219,260

4.4

0.3

-1.1

183,998

185,408

183,153

3.3

.8

-1.2

1,327
11,107
39,607
23,523
16,084
13,223
13,246
32,960
13,181
59,347

1,345
11,135
39,850
23,694
16,156
13,203
13,358
32,956
13,505
60,056

1,308
10,876
39,649
23,588
16,061
13,116
13,164
32,643
13,027
59,371

.3
4.6
2.3
3.0
1.4
2.7
2.3
3.4
2.8
4.2

1.3
.3
.6
.7
.4
-.1
.8
.0
2.5
1.2

-2.7
-2.3
-.5
-.4
-.6
-.7
-1.5
-1.0
-3.5
-1.1

37,065

36,300

36,107

10.5

-2.1

-.5

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the mbnth, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




Jan. 1996
to
Jan. 1997p

Nov.
1996r

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2414, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: http://stats.bls.gov/special.requests/opt/tableb10

1996

1997

Industry
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

p

Dec.

Jan.p

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing

$11.62 $11.65 $11.68 $11.72 $11.74 $11.83 $11.81 $11.87 $11.91 $11.90 $11.99 $12.05 $12.06
13.30

13.26

13.25

13.40

13.38

13.45

13.48

13.56

13.56

13.57

13.62

13.70

13.75

15.48
15.25
12.63
12.00

15.49
15.23
12.56
11.93

15.46
15.24
12.55
11.91

15.44
15.28
12.74
12.09

15.45
15.31
12.73
12.06

15.59
15.40
12.77
12.12

15.62
15.46
12.79
12.15

15.63
15.49
12.89
12.22

15.67
15.53
12.87
12.21

15.65
15.55
12.88
12.21

15.76
15.55
12.94
12.27

15.89
15.67
13.00
12.30

16.03
15.71
13.06
12.36

11.06

11.11

11.16

11.15

11.18

11.29

11.25

11.30

11.36

11.35

11.45

11.50

11.50

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

14.39
12.58
7.83
12.55
11.59

14.43
12.63
7.85
12.60
11.62

14.47
12.70
7.88
12.68
11.67

14.49
12.71
7.90
12.64
11.65

14.50
12.71
7.93
12.76
11.69

14.55
12.91
8.00
12.86
11.79

14.52
12.81
7.96
12.77
11.78

14.61
12.88
8.01
12.85
11.82

14.58
12.99
8.01
12.92
11.89

14.50
12.91
8.09
12.86
11.90

14.59
13.05
8.13
13.02
12.02

14.62
13.18
8.15
13.02
12.07

14.76
13.08
8.17
12.99
12.07

Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

7.41
8.48
7.05

7.42
8.44
7.07

7.40
8.40
7.07

7.40
8.46
7.04

7.39
8.42
7.04

7.44
8.46
7.10

7.41
8.46
7.06

7.45
8.51
7.09

7.45
8.48
7.10

7.42
8.46
7.08

7.45
8.46
7.12

7.47
8.49
7.14

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing

O

(44)
()

Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)

392.76 401.93 402.96 402.00 401.51 410.50 403.90 408.33 413.28 408.17 414.85 419.34 411.25

Goods-producing

528.01 544.99 540.60 549.40 547.24 552.79 552.68 557.32 555.96 556.37 559.78 565.81 561.00

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

682.67 701.70 706.52 694.80 698.34 715.58 701.34 700.22 711.42 710.51 706.05 727.76 711.73
582.55 604.63 589.79 594.39 581.78 595.98 598.30 599.46 599.46 603.34 604.90 608.00 593.84
505.20 519.98 518.31 528.71 530.84 533.79 532.06 537.51 536.68 537.10 539.60 546.00 544.60

Service-producing

356.13 363.30 366.05 362.38 363.35 372.57 365.63 368.38 374.88 370.01 375.56 379.50 372.60

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

558.33 574.31 577.35 570.91 568.40 582.00 572.09 580.02 584.66 574.20 582.14 584.80 581.54
475.52 483.73 486.41 484.25 482.98 499.62 486.78 493.30 500.12 491.87 499.82 508.75 497.04
221.59 226.08 227.73 225.94 228.38 232.00 227.66 230.69 231.49 232.18 235.77 235.54 233.66

(55)
()

(5)
(5)

(55)
()

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)

(5)
(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)
(5)

250.48 255.84 255.36 253.79 252.68 258.18 253.55 256.17 258.46 254.47 257.83 259.98
336.74 346.91 342.59 346.84 344.39 347.67 346.94 349.64 347.69 346.86 347.91 350.78
227.12 231.25 231.97 228.78 228.67 234.32 229.52 231.10 234.45 230.68 233.41 235.28

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




(5)
(5)

4

(5)
(5)
04

()
(4)

Not available.
These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to
revision.
5

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

118,936 116,176 121,578 121,552 118,982

Total

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

-

-

-

Dec.
1996p
-

Mining

570

558

571

564

553

418

409

428

422

39.9
6.9
11.5

39.7
7.0
11.6

40.2
6.9
11.6

40.0
6.9
11.6

84.4
79.3

83.5
78.5

80.0
74.6

78.9
73.6

-

215.2
77.5
134.3

212.4
76.8
132.0

224.3
76.0
145.2

223.3
76.1
144.1

-

78.5
30.5

72.9
27.3

83.8
32.5

80.0
31.6

-

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

50.2
8.3
14.6

50.0
8.3
14.7

51.9
8.4
15.1

51.6
8.3
15.1

51.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

102.4
96.1

101.2
95.0

97.8
91.4

96.5
90.2

95.9

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

313.2
145.7
162.4

308.2
143.2
159.9

311.2
134.9
172.3

309.7
134.5
171.2

305.9

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

103.9
39.4
32.9
13.9

98.4
36.2
30.7
14.1

110.2
41.3
36.6
13.7

106.1
40.4
34.2
13.1

99.7

5,634

5,423

5,063

3,947

3,616

4,401

4,194

1,198.2 1,141.8 1,263.6 1,244.8 1,192.4
598.0 574.7 632.2 621.9
28.0
26.4
28.2
27.0
573.2 540.7 603.2 594.9
-

845.7
404.4
11.3
430.0

790.5
380.8
10.8
398.9

900.7
432.5
11.7
456.5

881.0
421.1
11.4
448.5

579.6
150.7
428.9

493.8
115.8
378.0

671.1
204.0
467.1

598.0
162.4
435.6

3,227.7 3,032.0 3,572.6 3,456.7 3,234.4 2,521.8 2,331.2 2,829.5
540.8 529.1 572.7
733.5 721.2 774.6 769.8
145.4 129.0 160.4
175.9 159.3 193.7 184.5
491.7 470.8 520.5
623.5 603.3 659.0 658.2
361.7 328.2 420.6
422.2 388.1 486.3 470.6
177.6 167.8 197.2
234.7 224.8 257.5 250.5
169.2 145.8 198.2
213.5 188.6 245.1 231.5

2,715.0
567.1
150.6
519.8
404.6
190.2
184.7

5,131

Construction

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

15
152
153
154
16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Durable goods

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings




705.4
194.2
511.2

4,789

615.4
156.3
459.1

797.3
248.7
548.6

721.7
206.1
515.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

636.5
-

-

-

-

412
-

-

-

-

-

3,838
-

-

-

18,389 18,194 18,308 18,298 18,153 12,722 12,554 12,653 12,637 12,518

Manufacturing

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

-

99,226 96,908 101,593 101,654 99,503 81,321 79,050 83,358 83,374 81,255

Total private

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

Jan.
1997p

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

10,695 10,604 10,721 10,738 10,663

7,332

7,253

7,346

7,358

7,299

756.2

625.4
67.3
158.3
124.9
32.0
221.9
84.7
60.5
23.9
26.1
42.6
65.2
52.3
70.1

606.7
63.2
155.5
122.5
31.6
217.4
82.6
60.0
23.5
26.2
41.9
59.7
49.7
69.0

638.6
62.7
159.8
126.6
31.8
231.7
88.7
64.1
23.5
26.7
43.1
70.1
55.7
71.2

634.0
61.5
159.7
126.4
31.9
229.4
88.3
63.5
23.4
26.5
43.2
69.2
55.1
71.0

620.9

401.7
235.9
109.0
76.3
17.4
23.6

397.6
233.4
107.9
75.4
17.3
23.8

398.4
234.0
108.7
75.5
16.1
23.6

400.2
234.9
109.3
75.7
16.4
23.7

396.8

762.0
83.0
183.0
144.9
36.5
278.2
110.1
75.8
27.9
29.1
50.2
81.5
62.2
86.1
508.3
282.5
127.8
90.8
21.3
31.0

741.8
78.5
180.3
142.6
36.1
273.2
107.6
75.1
27.6
29.2
49.4
75.5
59.3
84.9
503.3
279.4
126.4
89.7
21.2
31.2

774,2
78.0
183.5
146.0
35.9
287.9
114.4
80.0
27.6
28.7
50.4
87.1
66.3
87.3
503.6
278.3
126.3
89.9
19.5
30.7

770.1
76.7
183.7
145.9
36.1
285.8
113.8
79.3
27.8
28.5
50.7
86.1
65.7
87.1
505.1
279.1
126.7
90.0
19.9
30.8

-

500.8
-

-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

252
253
254
259

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

62.2
42.2
83.9
37.5

62.3
41.1
83.6
36.9

60.4
43.3
84.9
36.7

60.6
43.5
85.1
36.8

Jan.
1997p

-

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

528.1
15.4
71.8
29.5
42.3
61.5
17.3
33.1
40.2
200.1
16.9
67.6
98.4
75.8
19.6
2.5
24.0

511.6
15.3
70.3
28.7
41.6
61.4
17.4
32.4
39.7
188.0
16.0
64.9
89.9
75.9
19.5
2.5
23.8

541.7
15.3
70.1
27.3
42.8
60.9
17.4
33.5
38.7
216.3
17.7
71.7
109.5
76.0
19.3
2.4
24.6

533.2
15.5
70.0
27.6
42.4
59.7
17.5
33.4
38.6
209.0
17.2
70.5
103.9
76.1
19.4
2.4
24.4

514.9

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

711.8
241.6
172.0
27.6
128.8
82.5
4.1
26.4
41.0
22.8
167.2
22.2
22.1
73.9
88.8
24.8

710.2
239.8
170.6
27.6
128.6
81.7
4.1
26.7
40.9
22.8
167.3
22.3
22.1
74.0
89.2
25.0

704.2
234.4
165.0
26.9
126.3
80.0
4.0
25.6
40.5
22.3
167.3
22.9
21.5
72.5
91.2
25.6

705.2
234.9
165.0
27.0
127.0
80.6
4.1
25.4
40.4
22.2
166.8
22.8
21.4
72.3
91.3
25.1

702.2
234.4

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469




-

-

-

-

-

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

46.4
33.2
61.5
24.7

46.3
32.5
61.3
24.1

44.6
34.4
61.3
24.1

45.0
34.4
61.9
24.0

409.2
12.4
60.4
26.6
33.8
47.3
13.1
25.5
31.9
151.6
10.7
50.4
76.9
57.7
15.2
2.0

393.7
12.1
59.0
25.8
33.2
47.4
13.1
24.8
31.7
139.9
10.0
47.9
68.5
57.9
15.1
2.1

422.7
12.2
59.0
24.6
34.4
47.4
13.0
26.3
30.9
166.1
11.1
54.4
87.1
58.0
15.2
2.0

414.6
12.3
58.8
24.8
34.0
46.3
13.2
26.2
30.9
159.2
10.8
53.2
81.7
57.9
15.3
2.0

-

554.0
184.8
131.9
20.8
105.6
68.4
3.2
21.5
31.4
18.0
127.0
17.2
16.1
56.1
72.6
20.5

-

552.8
183.2
130.8
20.7
105.5
67.7
3.2
21.8
31.4
18.3
127.2
17.2
16.0
56.4
72.9
20.6

-

398.6
-

—

-

549.1
180.2
127.7
20.3
103.4
66.2
3.2
20.8
31.3
18.0
127.4
17.9
16.1
54.6
74.6
21.0

Jan.
1997p

551.0
180.5
127.7
20.3
104.1
66.8
3.2
20.8
31.2
17.9
127.7
17.8
16.0
55.1
74.7
20.7

547.7
179.6
-

-

1,446.5 1,440.6 1,465.1 1,466.2 1,457.5 1,086.7 1,080.6 1,102.7 1,103.8 1,095.5
33.3
33.4
33.8
33.6
38.7
39.6
38.9
39.4
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.6
31.7
31.9
32.2
32.0
97.6
97.1
95.5
95.7
127.4 126.8 128.2 128.7
34.6
34.7
34.2
34.1
44.6
44.7
44.4
44.5
55.1
54.8
53.4
53.1
72.1
71.9
70.4
70.8
42.7
42.3
39.8
40.3
59.0
55.8
58.6
56.3
16.6
16.2
16.1
16.2
22.6
22.3
22.1
22.3
15.1
15.1
12.8
13.2
21.8
21.8
19.2
19.6
317.0 312.6 327.9 328.0
433.7 429.2 446.6 445.2
57.4
56.9
55.1
55.4
77.7
77.5
75.4
75.2
57.3
58.4
54.0
55.5
77.0
78.5
74.7
73.1
74.3
73.7
74.0
74.6
103.2 102.7 102.3 102.3
90.4
90.0
84.8
84.0
111.6 110.6 116.7 117.1
21.2
21.5
20.8
20.9
30.0
29.4
30.3
29.3
78.4
77.8
77.4
78.3
99.7
99.2
98.7
99.2
41.6
41.1
41.7
42.0
51.1
50.6
51.4
51.0
36.8
36.7
35.7
36.3
48.6
47.7
48.6
47.8
205.0 204.8 204.3 204.2
256.1 256.5 255.3 256.1
23.7
23.7
23.6
23.4
31.0
30.8
30.6
30.7
98.9
99.1
100.4 100.0
119.4 119.3 118.5 119.1
—
73.6
73.5
72.7
72.8
95.5
95.3
95.3
95.0

(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
See footnotes at end of table.




1987
SIC
Code

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

130.8
80.5
50.3
49.4
25.7
254.2
25.2
57.5

Jan.
1996

130.4
80.6
49.8
49.3
25.6
254.3
25.2
57.7

Nov.
1996

138.2
85.6
52.6
46.4
24.4
253.7
25.2
57.0

Dec.
1996p

139.1
86.1
53.0
45.2
24.3
254.5
25.3
57.3

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

102.5
63.3
39.2
27.4
11.4
186.9
19.1
43.5

-

Jan.
1996

102.0
63.4
38.6
27.3
11.3
187.4
19.0
43.7

Nov.
1996

109.5
68.0
41.5
24.5
9.9
185.9
18.8
43.1

Dec.
1996p

110.2
68.5
41.7
23.1
9.9
186.3
18.8
43.4

Jan.
1997p

-

2,086.7 2,086.1 2,083.9 2,094.5 2,094.7 1,308.3 1,307.4 1,298.7 1,308.1 1,311.5
53.1
52.9
53.8
53.9
84.1
83.9
86.7
86.3
14.2
14.3
14.5
14.5
25.1
25.3
26.1
25.8
38.6
38.9
39.4
39.3
59.0
58.6
60.2
60.9
72.4
69.4
71.8
73.3
96.5 100.4
99.7
98.0
52.7
52.2
51.4
52.1
73.6
72.7
71.8
72.1
148.0 147.3 146.0 147.1
226.2 226.3 225.5 226.8
53.6
54.0
54.8
54.5
79.3
79.1
79.5
80.1
9.6
9.6
10.0
10.1
16.3
16.2
16.7
16.7
28.7
28.5
27.8
27.5
42.7
42.5
40.5
40.8
23.3
22.9
23.4
23.1
41.1
40.4
41.0
40.8
19.9
20.0
20.4
20.3
28.9
28.8
29.5
29.5
244.5
245.5
245.6
245.7
345.0 344.1 344.4 345.6
25.7
25.9
25.3
25.3
41.8
41.6
40.9
41.0
11.1
11.1
11.4
11.5
17.3
17.2
17.5
17.6
125.0
124.3
124.9
124.7
163.7 163.2 163.7 164.3
36.3
36.8
36.4
36.4
52.6
52.1
51.9
51.8
16.7
17.1
17.2
17.4
24.3
24.5
24.8
25.0
96.7
96.1
99.9
101.0
177.4 177.0 171.6 172.3
9.7
9.6
10.2
10.2
14.6
14.5
15.3
15.3
12.2
12.0
13.1
13.2
21.6
21.5
23.7
23.8
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.6
25.7
25.7
25.5
25.4
164.1 163.4 162.0 162.6
254.6 253.9 253.3 253.6
16.9
16.8
16.6
16.6
29.5
29.5
29.3
29.1
31.0
31.0
31.1
31.1
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.3
25.8
25.8
26.1
26.0
23.7
23.5
23.2
23.4
35.5
35.5
34.7
35.0
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.4
17.3
17.1
17.3
17.5
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.9
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
357.1 357.3 360.3 361.1 360.2 126.2 126.8 125.2 126.2
59.1
58.1
55.7
55.6
195.1 195.2 198.6 199.0
57.2
203.7
139.9
338.0
22.3
270.2

56.9
202.9
139.4
338.6
22.4
270.7

55.9
208.4
143.0
340.0
22.9
271.0

55.9
208.9
143.1
341.7
22.9
272.4

-

21.4
146.0
106.1
251.7
17.6
206.6

21.3
145.2
105.4
252.0
17.8
206.6

22.4
149.4
108.4
253.2
17.9
206.7

22.3
149.7
108.6
254.8
18.1
207.8

—

1,651.6 1,646.2 1,652.1 1,651.7 1,644.4 1,056.8 1,052.9 1,049.1 1,046.2 1,043.5
56.2
56.0
56.9
56.3
82.6
82.3
82.5
81.7
28.4
28.3
29.2
28.5
39.9
40.4
39.7
39.9
27.8
27.7
27.7
27.8
42.7
41.9
42.8
41.8
112.7 112.3 110.7 110.8
159.7 159.0 158.3 157.9
60.2
62.0
60.1
62.2
77.1
77.0
79.0
79.4
35.3
35.5
35.2
35.1
59.8
60.3
59.3
59.4
93.8
96.8
96.2
97.0
120.4 119.6 121.4 119.0
22.7
24.9
25.0
25.5
28.6
29.4
30.5
29.7
13.2
13.2
13.6
13.9
16.5
16.0
16.5
16.2
20.4
21.8
21.8
22.4
27.5
28.3
28.8
29.6

(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

177.4
21.9
62.2
17.1
19.4
85.3
56.4
265.3
113.6
606.4
24.8
249.5
140.8
155.4
26.9
70.1

Jan.
1996

176.2
21.8
62.3
16.7
19.3
82.4
54.4
263.0
113.6
608.9
24.6
251.4
141.4
154.8
26.4
70.3

Nov.
1996

176.1
21.4
62.2
17.2
19.2
84.8
56.7
263.1
113.3
610.2
24.5
258.0
140.5
155.7
26.9
71.7

Dec.
1996p

176.3
21.5
62.2
17.3
19.1
83.1
55.5
264.7
113.2
612.2
24.5
258.2
141.8
155.9
27.1
71.8

Jan.
1997p

-

61.4.1
-

127.4
16.9
41.0
12.8
15.0
58.4
36.1
129.9
59.7
363.2
17.2
110.4
93.0
111.9
21.0
55.1

Jan.
1996

125.9
16.7
40.6
12.5
14.6
56.0
34.5
128.5
59.1
365.5
17.1
112.3
93.5
111.6
20.5
55.4

Nov.
1996

126.0
16.5
40.4
13.2
14.6
56.3
34.6
124.1
56.5
365.1
17.4
115.5
94.1
114.1
20.9
57.6

Dec.
1996p

126.4
16.6
40.4
13.4
14.5
54.1
33.1
125.1
56.7
365.9
17.3
115.7
94.8
113.9
21.0
57.4

Jan.
1997p

-

1,780.0 1,751.5 1,775.2 1,792.1 1,780.3 1,202.1 1,180.5 1,199.0 1,213.6 1,203.4
975.4 949.2 951.6 965.0 952.2 770.6 750.7 750.6 761.6 749.6
283.3 267.2 266.6 276.1
369.2 347.6 349.0 360.2
30.2
30.0
30.3
30.8
37.7
38.4
37.4
37.8
412.2 408.6 413.1 414.5
512.9 508.6 514.4 516.3
24.5
24.8
28.5
29.3
31.0
35.2
31.2
36.1
447.2 446.9 470.8 473.7 477.3 207.6 206.6 227.5 230.9
91.9 101.9 103.9
93.9
241.0 240.7 251.9 253.9
51.2
50.8
45.9
46.8
98.0
93.5
93.8
98.2
75.8
74.8
67.9
67.8
112.7 112.4 120.7 121.8
115.2
115.6
120.2
120.9
155.8 155.0 150.1 150.3
70.5
69.8
75.1
76.1
95.9
95.2
102.3 101.4
44.7
45.8
44.8
45.1
54.4
53.6
54.9
53.5
26.6
26.4
26.7
27.1
35.1
36.4
34.9
35.9
25.0
25.0
25.7
26.0
93.5
94.7
93.4
93.5
16.4
16.4
16.3
16.1
67.0
66.4
67.1
67.0
38.3
38.1
35.2
35.9
52.9
52.9
50.3
50.9
18.2
18.3
16.6
17.0
21.8
22.0
20.0
20.3
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

830.4
151.9
285.5
42.5
63.2
70.3
264.8
101.7
94.3
36.0
84.6
7.6

830.2
153.0
284.7
42.4
63.5
69.8
264.9
101.4
94.2
35.6
84.7
7.3

831.2
151.9
287.3
41.7
63.7
72.1
266.4
102.7
92.2
34.6
83.9
7.1

833.1
151.8
288.0
41.7
63.7
72.4
267.1
102.7
92.6
34.7
84.3
7.2

829.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

389.6
50.4
37.6
14.6
119.4
41.8
77.6
31.8
24.9
14.4
148.5
63.6

382.6
48.6
36.0
14.7
116.3
40.3
76.0
31.5
24.2
13.9
147.3
63.8

390.1
49.7
36.8
15.3
114.7
42.0
72.7
32.6
25.6
15.1
152.2
64.4

387.0
49.2
36.4
15.2
114.5
41.0
73.5
32.7
24.6
14.2
150.8
65.0

383.0




Dec.
1995

-

-

412.8
45.7
146.2
27.8
31.3
31.8
153.0
63.7
58.8
23.6
38.2
6.1

411.4
45.9
145.5
27.4
31.6
31.7
152.6
63.5
58.5
23.5
38.1
5.8

412.0
42.4
146.6
27.3
32.1
31.5
155.8
66.3
56.5
22.6
38.8
5.8

413.7
42.3
147.3
27.4
32.1
31.7
156.6
65.9
57.2
22.7
38.9
5.9

411.2

274.8
34.9
25.9
11.8
84.7
27.6
57.1
21.7
17.4
9.9
104.3
42.6

269.2
33.3
24.4
11.8
82.1
26.6
55.5
21.7
16.9
9.5
103.4
42.5

276.1
34.6
25.2
12.0
80.8
28.4
52.4
22.1
18.0
10.6
108.6
42.7

272.3
34.1
24.7
11.9
79.8
27.2
52.6
22.1
17.2
9.9
107.2
43.1

269.9

-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Cigarettes

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
21
211

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

7,694 7,590 7,587 7,560 7,490 5,390 5,301 5,307 5,279 5,219
1,659.3 1,624.9 1,652.6 1,637.7 1,616.5 1,221.6 1,192.8 1,226.4 1,211.0 1,191.0
404.9 399.5 397.3 395.9
474.5 468.6 465.8 464.5
118.3 117.2 117.1 116.6
141.1 140.1 139.3 138.9
73.4
71.8
73.5
73.0
94.0
94.2
94.2
92.5
213.6 210.5 206.7 205.9
239.2 236.0 232.3 231.6
95.2
94.7
94.5
95.2
147.5 146.0 143.3 143.8
32.7
32.3
32.6
33.3
40.1
40.0
40.8
39.5
35.7
36.3
35.5
35.7
63.5
63.1
65.5
64.8
175.8 166.0 179.9 169.7
214.1 203.7 216.3 206.6
15.9
15.9
16.8
16.6
20.0
20.1
21.0
20.6
44.6
51.0
42.5
46.1
55.9
62.4
58.3
54.7
36.6
35.8
38.8
39.5
43.1
41.4
44.6
45.2
90.2
89.7
89.0
90.0
127.1 126.1 126.1 126.6
11.8
11.8
12.4
12.2
18.8
18.9
19.3
19.1
27.1
27.2
27.1
27.0
42.2
42.0
42.8
43.0
141.2 135.9 140.0 138.7
209.1 202.8 206.4 205.5
89.4
88.6
89.8
91.6
147.9 144.0 146.2 146.1
61.2
109.2
6.9
5.0
10.5
59.3
30.7
173.8
34.9
92.0
173.3
44.0
28.1

58.8
102.1
5.9
4.6
9.7
55.2
30.2
171.9
35.0
91.5
173.5
43.2
28.2

60.2
110.8
6.9
4.5
10.8
61.9
31.0
174.9
34.4
92.9
178.0
42.8
28.6

59.4
110.0
6.9
4.5
10.0
62.0
31.0
174.9
34.1
93.3
174.8
43.7
28.7

-

-

42.1
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

648.1
77.7
69.2
15.9
22.0
186.5
21.2
40.7
57.4
20.7
25.7
71.4
33.9
23.6
62.2
92.5
70.3
15.3
50.7

636.5
76.6
67.8
15.8
21.4
180.0
21.1
39.8
54.8
18.3
25.4
70.7
33.5
23.6
61.8
91.9
69.8
15.2
50.5

630.3
73.3
66.3
15.7
20.4
180.9
20.6
40.0
56.4
20.7
22.9
69.8
32.7
22.8
61.3
92.1
68.9
16.1
50.5

628.5
73.1
66.0
15.7
20.4
179.9
20.5
40.1
55.8
20.2
22.9
69.0
32.0
22.7
61.5
93.2
69.7
16.4
49.7

625.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

880.4
34.5
236.6
51.1
72.6
38.8
257.1
27.0
42.8
29.4
157.9

857.7
33.4
233.2
49.6
73.7
37.6
247.4
26.0
42.3
27.7
151.4

833.9
31.8
219.3
45.1
67.9
37.0
244.8
25.0
40.5
30.0
149.3

820.4
31.7
218.4
45.0
68.1
37.5
237.5
25.3
39.5
27.7
145.0

804.3




Dec.
1995

-

-

-

-

-

-

49.6
86.7
5.4
4.0
9.4
47.7
21.2
81.3
22.9
36.2
125.3
34.2
21.1

47.3
79.7
4.4
3.6
8.6
43.8
21.0
80.3
23.0
36.3
126.7
33.6
21.0

50.2
89.5
5.4
3.4
9.8
51.1
22.0
83.2
22.0
38.1
130.3

49.3
88.5
5.3
3.4
8.9
51.2
21.8
83.8
21.8
38.6
127.2

33.6
21.3

34.5
21.4

33.5

-

-

-

547.0
68.6
58.0
13.7
18.4
159.1
18.4
35.7
48.6
17.9
21.2
58.2
27.9
18.8
50.4
81.7
62.9
13.0
38.9

535.6
67.6
56.8
13.7
17.8
153.3
18.4
35.0
46.8
15.4
20.7
57.3
27.3
18.6
49.4
81.0
62.3
12.9
38.7

534.6
64.9
55.7
13.5
16.9
155.4
18.0
34.9
48.5
18.3
18.9
56.9
26.7
18.2
50.1
81.9
61.7
13.9
39.3

533.7
64.9
55.6
13.5
16.9
154.5
17.9
35.0
47.8
17.9
19.0
56.5
26.3
18.2
50.5
82.9
62.5
14.1
38.4

530.9

724.2
27.9
199.3
42.7
61.9
33.5
210.4
21.3
34.4
22.6
132.1

703.2
26.9
196.6
41.4
63.3
32.3
202.3
20.3
34.1
21.3
126.6

682.4
25.8
186.1
38.0
58.9
32.0
199.0
19.5
32.0
23.6
123.9

671.4
25.7
185.3
38.5
58.6
32.2
192.7
19.8
30.9
21.7
120.3

658.2

-

-

-

-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

34.0
26.0
8.0
32.8
13.7
26.9
168.1
15.6
45.6
44.0

31.7
24.8
6.9
28.9
11.1
28.3
168.4
14.7
47.2
43.3

31.1
24.2
6.9
28.0
11.1
27.7
166.6
14.7
46.5
42.7

519.2
124.6
39.3
171.3
99.2
16.1
38.2
174.4
23.5
29.6
18.6

516.4
124.7
39.0
169.6
98.9
16.0
37.3
173.5
23.2
29.2
18.5

514.1
122.7
38.1
170.5
99.0
15.5
38.7
173.2
24.1
29.5
18.5

513.9
123.2
38.4
170.4
99.3
15.5
38.5
172.3
23.7
29.3
18.6

512.3

1,545.6 1,530.5 1,531.4 1,535.9 1,524.4
446.9 440.1 441.6 443.5
130.4 130.1 130.3 130.3
124.0 123.3 120.8 122.5
83.2
84.4
82.3
84.9
39.3
38.9
38.5
39.1
85.6
86.1
83.9
83.3
565.3 561.1 562.6 563.1
368.7 366.8 365.1 366.1
175.0 173.6 176.4 176.3
44.5
44.1
45.3
45.0
67.5
67.3
67.7
69.6
51.6
51.8
53.5
54.3

848.7
154.9
42.4
65.3
33.7
31.6
39.9
408.0
265.2
125.8
31.1
53.6
38.5

837.1
151.2
41.9
66.4
35.0
31.4
40.7
402.1
262.1
124.1
31.5
52.2
37.6

836.8
150.2
43.1
63.4
33.0
30.4
39.9
402.4
260.3
125.3
30.9
52.1
35.8

839.5
150.5
43.6
64.5
33.3
31.2
40.2
402.8
261.0
125.4
30.8
52.4
35.6

827.6

1,024.1 1,021.9 1,014.8 1,013.6 1,011.6
116.8 116.4 115.2 115.0
70.0
70.9
70.1
71.3
155.2 155.5 153.7 153.2
75.1
74.8
75.1
74.6
45.5
45.1
46.8
47.2
255.7 255.4 252.9 253.0
206.2 205.9 202.6 202.9
150.3 149.7 149.7 147.7
41.2
41.1
42.7
42.8
39.8
39.6
40.1
40.3
67.0
68.7
66.9
67.2
57.2
57.3
55.3
55.4
147.3 146.9 144.5 144.6
26.0
26.0
25.8
26.0
118.8 118.5 115.9 116.0
52.2
50.8
52.1
52.1
90.7
90.7
90.6
91.3
-

576.0
53.1
34.9
102.9
46.5
35.6
128.8
108.0
92.6
24.4
23.2
45.0
29.1
84.5
15.6
66.9
30.5
54.5

574.4
53.0
34.8
103.2
46.6
35.7
127.2
106.6
92.3
24.1
23.1
45.1
29.3
84.3
15.4
66.9
30.8
54.3

561.0
53.1
35.0
101.6
46.6
35.1
116.8
96.1
91.7
22.9
22.3
46.5
30.3
82.1
15.8
64.4
30.8
54.6

558.4
53.1
35.0
101.6
46.6
35.0
116.5
95.7
89.5
22.7
22.0
44.8
30.1
82.0
15.9
64.1
30.9
54.7

559.0

87.5
62.7
17.5

86.0
62.9
15.7

90.4
61.8
21.2

87.4
61.9
18.2

85.5

752.8
58.1
5.1
52.0
21.3
84.6
553.0

745.4
57.0
4.9
51.5
21.2
84.2
547.8

756.0
56.2
4.4
52.5
21.3
85.3
557.6

756.1
55.9
4.3
52.5
21.2
85.6
557.8

749.4

43.4
32.0
11.4
41.3
17.0
34.3
213.8
19.3
55.8
57.3

42.1
30.8
11.3
39.8
16.1
33.5
208.7
19.1
53.8
55.7

40.2
30.0
10.2
35.0
13.1
35.0
209.6
18.6
55.7
54.5

39.4
29.2
10.2
33.9
12.9
34.3
207.0
18.6
54.9
53.6

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

685.4
161.2
51.2
220.1
132.0
18.3
47.0
240.5
47.8
38.9
24.0

681.6
161.0
50.8
218.2
131.7
18.2
46.0
239.2
47.5
38.2
23.9

675.3
158.2
50.1
219.4
132.0
17.6
47.5
235.5
45.7
38.2
23.8

675.2
158.7
50.1
219.5
132.6
17.6
47.2
234.8
45.2
38.0
23.8

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

137.8
99.7
24.4

135.8
99.7
22.4

138.6
96.3
28.5

134.9
96.1
25.1

132.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

969.0
80.7
6.3
68.2
27.5
109.7
704.1

959.7
78.3
6.1
67.9
27.3
109.2
698.2

974.3
76.7
5.4
68.5
27.5
110.8
712.9

976.0
77.2
5.4
68.5
27.5
111.3
713.6

968.1




Jan.
1996

35.3
27.3
8.0
34.3
14.6
28.1
173.5
15.4
47.4
46.0

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

See footnotes at end of table.

Dec.
1995

-

672.7
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

5,176

5,394

5,397

5,294

4,040

3,925

4,110

4,123

4,020

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

445.4
207.3
33.5
24.4
150.6

476.9
219.4
34.9
28.3
159.6

478.9
221.0
35.4
28.0
160.2

476.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier sen/ices, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nec
Water transportation services

44
444
449

168.8
13.1
116.1

164.8
13.2
113.5

169.3
14.0
117.8

168.1
13.8
117.3

166.8

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

819.2
656.8
495.2
115.2

819.7
657.4
497.8
113.9

869.5
692.8
521.1
124.1

879.5
701.1
526.9
124.8

876.1

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

14.4

14.1

13.7

13.7

13.7




5,302

6,290

-

451.5
208.6
33.9
24.6
153.1

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

71.7

6,405

-

41
411
412
413
415

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

73.3
10.9
35.9
17.8
11.2
8.2
6.2

6,399

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

Wholesale trade

71.7
10.5
35.8
17.5
11.2
7.7
6.5

6,188

-

224.0

49
491
492
493
495

76.1
11.0
37.9
19.4
12.5
7.8
7.2

6,310

-

228.0
202.6

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

78.3
10.8
39.7
20.0
12.8
8.0
7.6

93.1

230.6
204.9

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Jan.
1997p

94.4
13.1
44.8
23.0
13.9
10.6
10.0

230.4
204.4

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services

Dec.
1996p

93.4
12.7
44.7
22.7
13.8
10.5
10.3

235.7
209.1

Communications and public utilities

Nov.
1996

98.1
13.4
47.2
24.9
15.2
10.5
11.2

40
4011

47
472
4724
473

Jan.
1996

100.7
13.2
49.1
25.5
15.5
10.7
11.5

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

Dec.
1995

-

-

416.3
190.1
-

22.2

438.4
200.0
-

25.7
-

-

-

435.8
198.7
-

-

22.4

-

409.6
188.3

25.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100.1

103.5

103.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

11.2

11.2

-

363.2
176.9
140.7
145.3

362.9
176.6
140.0
146.1

448.5
212.0
167.9
187.3

447.8

2,270

2,263

2,289

2,282

2,270

-

11.4
337.7
166.2
131.8
135.9
-

1,362.1 1,361.9 1,403.5 1,398.1 1,391.5 1,058.7
702.8
931.6 931.1 956.0 950.1
615.0
819.6 818.6 827.9 820.0
202.3
240.0 239.5 246.9 248.1
115.0 114.1 117.7 118.1
125.0 125.4 129.2 130.0
141.1
167.3 168.6 179.3 178.8
883.4
380.6
145.3
160.6
163.5

-

~

-

448.7
212.1
168.4
187.1

885.5
380.8
145.6
161.5
164.1

-

-

424.5
205.0
163.4
176.5

901.4
392.1
149.8
163.3
163.8

-

-

422.5
202.9
161.3
176.1

907.9
396.7
150.5
165.0
163.3

-

-

102.6

-

-

-

1,927.7 1,826.1 1,901.2 1,905.8 1,815.2 1,682.6 1,583.4 1,654.6 1,657.7
1,556.3 1,459.5 1,520.6 1,525.3
1,777.5 1,677.4 1,741.6 1,747.5
122.3 120.4 130.0 128.5
145.7 144.3 155.2 154.0
-

-

-

878.8
-

-

338.4
167.3
133.7
135.8
-

-

-

1,053.8 1,104.2 1,097.7
697.4 735.7 729.3
609.6 634.8 625.6
201.7 205.9 206.6
-

-

703.3
302.3
113.1
125.8
135.8

701.7
303.3
112.8
124.6
134.8

5,211

5,391

5,378

3,035
401.5

3,105
412.0

3,106
412.2

6,609

3,801
495.5
132.3
288.5
157.5
72.6
84.9

3,792
493.1
131.5
287.3
155.9
72.2
83.7

3,888
504.9
136.7
291.6
163.4
76.2
87.2

3,895
505.7
137.4
291.8
164.8
77.2
87.6

3,879

3,047
404.2

-

-

712.3
307.5
116.6
126.0
137.1

6,659

-

-

-

718.7
310.8
117.2
127.1
138.4

6,664

-

-

150.4

6,455

-

-

151.0

6,499

-

-

142.5

5,256

-

11.4

-

-

-

-

-

5,328
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

126.4
-

125.0
-

—

130.3
—

131.2
-

—

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nec
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

241.6
123.3
38.6
837.9
197.6
311.1
182.4
144.6
500.0
214.4
49.4
236.2
288.4
101.3
114.6
793.1
83.7
117.1
322.4
150.7
342.4
133.3

238.7
122.9
38.4
844.5
200.0
313.7
184.4
144.9
498.6
214.7
48.9
235.0
287.6
100.8
114.3
792.3
83.4
116.4
322.1
150.9
336.1
131.8

253.2
127.1
41.2
870.4
208.1
323.1
189.6
149.2
505.8
221.0
46.7
238.1
295.0
103.5
116.4
809.0
86.8
118.6
328.4
152.4
337.0
132.1

251.8
126.5
41.3
873.3
208.4
325.7
189.2
149.4
506.8
220.7
47.0
239.1
297.4
103.6
118.1
811.6
87.0
117.7
330.0
153.4
334.0
131.3

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,698
264.9
151.1
202.8
225.6
904.5
279.8
63.2
107.0
109.8
144.8
161.3
65.8
95.5
154.1
99.4
54.7
529.7
155.8

2,663
263.8
150.5
200.2
221.4
890.8
277.8
61.8
104.1
108.0
143.9
161.4
65.4
96.0
152.4
99.0
53.4
521.0
156.1

2,776
269.2
155.5
209.0
240.6
923.1
278.9
62.0
120.4
111.0
143.2
163.9
66.2
97.7
157.1
101.6
55.5
558.5
168.8

2,764
269.1
155.6
211.9
238.9
919.5
278.8
62.3
117.6
107.8
144.2
163.7
65.6
98.1
156.9
101.3
55.6
551.7
166.0

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

199.2

-

-

665.1

Jan.
1996

196.0
-

669.1

Nov.
1996

209.1
-

690.7

Dec.
1996p

207.4

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

690.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

150.6
116.8
392.3
-

232.4

152.1
117.2
389.8
-

231.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

631.8

631.4

154.7
120.1
382.4
-

239.3
-

646.8

154.4
120.2
382.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

241.3
-

648.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,730
-

279.2
-

2,209
219.9
-

167.4
179.3
760.0

272.8
-

2,176
219.0
-

165.8
175.9
747.2

274.5
-

2,286
225.6
-

174.3
194.8
779.8

271.3
-

2,272
226.0
-

176.7
192.5
775.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

89.4
108.6
133.7

-

87.1
107.3
133.3

-

90.1
105.2
135.2

86.5
105.6
135.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

125.5

123.8

127.0

127.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

425.1
-

416.8

454.4

-

446.5
-

-

21,923 20,919 22,207 22,536 21,546 19,338 18,354 19,568 19,886 18,906

Retail trade

871.2
511.7
67.0
164.5
91.0

838.1
502.0
65.1
160.1
75.1

936.1
554.6
71.3
170.5
98.4

934.9
550.9
70.7
172.2
100.1

890.1

726.2
434.3
52.1
135.5
74.3

689.8
420.2
50.3
131.3
59.1

781.4
471.1
55.5
141.7
80.3

779.1
466.1
55.1
143.0
82.4

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,956.9 2,697.6 2,986.0 3,072.0 2,778.8 2,768.1 2,512.0 2,794.1 2,877.5
2,593.4 2,372.2 2,635.0 2,701.4 2,456.2 2,448.2 2,230.5 2,489.4 2,553.6
128.2 112.8 124.0 131.2
145.4 130.5 143.5 151.2
191.7 168.7 180.7 192.7
218.1 194.9 207.5 219.4
-

-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,461.1 3,381.1 3,494.8 3,525.0 3,451.6 3,149.4 3,064.4 3,164.4 3,199.5
2,791.4 2,746.0 2,784.5 2,798.6
3,047.4 3,005.3 3,052.7 3,062.0
52.6
55.3
45.6
51.9
13.3
15.8
15.7
12.0
171.7 163.1 180.4 183.6
195.1 186.3 204.8 208.1
-

-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,208.2 2,195.9 2,305.8 2,299.5 2,290.0 1,837.9 1,828.1 1,928.7 1,921.8
1,005.4 1,004.3 1,043.0 1,040.1 1,040.8 839.8 838.9 871.9 869.7

-




-

-

-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

1987
SIC
Code

553
554
559

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

329.0
581.2
7.8

302.2
559.8
7.3

297.6
557.1
7.3

330.3
583.4
7.7

1,206.8 1,109.6 1,155.4 1,202.8 1,113.6
81.6
86.1
83.8
90.7
357.9 333.7 338.0 348.9
354.7 315.3 334.3 352.3
211.5 200.0 210.9 216.8
-

995.9
74.3
294.7
304.6
165.9

908.3
67.5
271.6
271.3
155.2

963.7 1,007.9
65.7
70.3
282.9 292.7
293.7 311.2
166.7 171.7

955.7 1,028.8 1,057.4 1,023.9
491.4 543.9 553.2
292.8 321.5 325.9
74.2
73.8
76.3
388.0 411.1 430.0
175.1 189.2 196.8
81.8
90.9
81.1
-

803.4
408.2

776.5
397.3

843.8
441.9

379.0
651.6
8.8

374.4
646.5
8.8

408.4
674.1
9.3

407.6
673.2
9.3

-

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

2,845.6 2,657.5 2,837.9 2,940.6 2,764.6 2,398.6 2,216.6 2,373.7 2,471.5
59
515.0 508.0 509.1 518.9
615.6 608.3 616.5 628.7
591
114.6 110.7 117.3 118.8
592
96.1
94.2
87.8
86.4
104.5 102.8 113.3 114.8
593
908.3 790.1 867.9 938.9
1,066.3 944.3 1,026.5 1,099.2
594
192.4 181.1 189.6 195.6
5941
127.7 124.1 127.7 135.4
5942
87.8
86.5
84.1
84.5
5943
5944
148.1 141.4 140.1 149.0
234.1 205.0 223.8 233.6
5947
56.0
56.1
54.8
57.0
5949
302.7 277.4 310.6 313.9
352.8 327.9 364.8 367.3
596
225.6 203.2 241.6 243.8
5961
67.2
67.2
70.3
69.4
5962
89.4
87.3
86.7
87.2
104.2 104.4 105.0 107.3
598
404.1 377.3 408.5 417.4
487.6 459.1 494.5 504.5
599
5992,3,4
153.5 140.7 149.4 157.7
57.4
57.0
52.3
53.2
69.0
68.7
63.5
64.6
5995
217.9 204.9 223.9 223.8
5999
269.5 254.9 276.4 277.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

984.0
503.1
296.8
78.6
402.3
180.1
89.0

-

64.4
330.8
151.8
69.1

-

-

62.2
317.0
146.6
61.8

60.1
341.8
159.7
66.6

6,866

6,840

7,017

7,033

7,012

3,265

3,268

3,356

3,370

3,374

5,004
-

4,974
-

5,113
-

60.8
361.2
167.0
76.5

5,125
-

2,020.3 2,018.1 2,032.0 2,035.4 2,035.6 1,453.0 1,449.7 1,461.6 1,465.5
1,466.1 1,463.2 1,477.2 1,481.3 1,482.2 1,040.5 1,036.3 1,047.8 1,051.8
423.4 422.6 430.3 432.6
589.6 589.6 601.7 604.3
617.1 613.7 617.5 619.2
876.5 873.6 875.5 877.0
267.1 265.9 257.9 256.4 255.4
145.7 144.5 142.3 141.1
121.4 121.4 115.6 115.3
126.9 126.7 131.3 131.7
159.4 159.5 165.1 165.6
-

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

484.5
148.3
97.4
215.9

489.2
148.8
98.2
219.5

529.0
159.8
107.1
238.2

534.9
161.2
107.6
241.5

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

526.8
401.9

527.2
401.5

551.1
419.9

554.7
422.3

622,3
628

24.1
100.8

24.2
101.5

24.8
106.4

24.9
107.5

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

233.6
105.9

233.1
108.1

244.0
112.5

245.4
113.7

538.6
-

244.5
555.1
-

-

244.2
—

351.5
108.8

354.6
108.6

378.2
112.4

-

-

-

-

7,389.0 7,083.6 7,462.4 7,503.3 7,233.7 6,658.4 6,358.3 6,717.7 6,756.1

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions




-

873.0
451.0

Jan.
1997p

381.7
113.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,106
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

65.5
—

-

66.2
-

-

69.9
-

70.3
-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

1987
SIC
Code

63,64

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995
2,247

Jan.
1996
2,248

Nov.
1996
2,259

Dec.
1996p
2,262

Jan.
1997p
2,257

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

-

-

-

Dec.
1996p

-

63
631
632
6324
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

704.4

704.9

712.4

713.5

712.0

-

-

-

-

65
651
653
655

1,354
575.9
642.0
106.1

1,324
558.7
632.4
102.5

1,402
590.8
666.2
113.2

1,401
594.7
665.7
108.3

1,381

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

-

1,542.6 1,543.1 1,546.6 1,548.6 1,544.9 1,104.3 1,101.1 1,106.8 1,108.6
381.6 375.8 362.3 361.2
568.7 565.4 544.2 542.9
259.3 261.1 272.9 274.0
314.7 316.9 332.7 334.8
211.4 213.2 225.3 225.9
253.0 255.3 271.2 272.8
358.0 358.7 361.4 362.7
529.6 530.5 532.0 532.2
72.0
67.2
71.5
66.8
-

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33,538 32,965 34,793 34,736 34,277 29,334 28,756 30,410 30,335 29,853

Services

474.2
144.9
290.0

-

70
701

1,580.3 1,552.7 1,629.4 1,630.4 1,601.3
1,346.5 1,320.2 1,382.9 1,385.1
1,537.3 1,510.4 1,577.5 1,580.9
-

-

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,152.7 1,213.0 1,157.8 1,174.7 1,232.6
435.4 430.4 438.1 437.4
85.7
88.0
70.4
80.5
395.3 389.5 399.9 402.0
95.2
93.8
90.7
91.9
132.5 215.2 121.4 137.7
-

-

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

7,024.6
244.3
165.1
121.5
289.4
72.1
888.8
80.7
808.1
227.3
39.2
42.7
145.4
2,586.7
301.5
2,285.2
1,139.3
256.9
195.2
132.9
235.3
60.3
49.9
1,527.3
550.9
49.0
77.4

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,041.3 1,038.0 1,118.8 1,125.2 1,119.7
187.3 186.5 206.3 205.5
118.0 118.2 134.5 133.8
66.3
63.7
64.5
65.0
578.7 577.3 631.3 636.2
205.7 206.3 224.8 226.2
238.7 237.7 259.3 261.8
-

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels




543.7
166.2
330.7

500.4
165.0
289.7

6,760.5
244.0
164.8
119.8
287.9
72.9
870.9
80.3
790.6
220.5
38.1
40.5
141.9
2,368.8
278.7
2,090.1
1,139.1
258.0
195.9
133.0
232.4
61.0
49.8
1,509.5
548.3
48.3
70.6

623.1
172.4
403.2

7,402.5
256.4
174.7
121.9
316.0
78.6
887.0
83.6
803.4
233.4
41.0
44.8
147.6
2,772.9
318.1
2,454.8
1,252.4
284.1
216.0
145.6
252.4
69.0
52.3
1,562.5
553.5
51.1
74.5

570.7
172.3
350.8

7,381.5
256.9
175.3
121.3
316.7
78.1
881.1
81.5
799.6
231.0
41.0
44.5
145.5
2,741.0
318.5
2,422.5
1,266.9
287.9
217.6
146.9
256.0
69.5
52.7
1,566.6
549.8
51.1
74.1

526.4
-

451.7
139.2
274.3

411.0
137.7
236.1

525.8
144.6
342.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

383.9
-

353.8
-

111.4

379.4
-

348.7
-

188.4

384.9
-

356.6
-

101.2

384.2
-

359.1
-

115.3

7,197.5 6,266.5 5,998.0 6,584.5 6,561.1
178.7 178.1 186.5 186.8
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

862.7
-

60.1
798.4
64.4
734.0
182.8
31.4
36.4
115.0

60.7
779.2
63.3
715.9
176.4
30.2
34.3
111.9

66.1
793.6
66.7
726.9
187.8
32.4
37.9
117.5

65.7
787.4
64.8
722.6
185.0
32.4
37.5
115.1

-

2,589.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,286.6 2,223.0 2,029.7 2,387.0 2,353.0
1,276.9 918.3 916.1 999.1 1,012.1
216.8 217.5 238.6 242.9
-

-

99.2
-

-

98.1
-

-

103.6
-

-

104.3
-

50.6
50.4
45.7
45.9
38.3
37.9
39.8
40.8
1,340.4 1,319.6 1,365.4 1,370.2
513.7 510.9 513.1 509.5
43.3
43.2
40.9
41.4
-

858.0
153.0
98.0
57.5
467.8
170.1
190.9

-

853.5
152.1
98.2
56.2
466.2
170.2
191.1

-

~

919.7
170.2
113.1
56.6
507.9
185.0
208.2

924.5
169.2
112.3
58.4
511.9
186.4
210.2

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

754
7542

210.3
118.1

210.5
118.7

216.7
119.7

217.2
120.0

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

357.8
108.8

353.1
108.1

368.4
114.5

368.5
115.1

363.7

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

508.3
221.8
116.2
149.3

508.0
222.4
114.6
150.3

527.2
243.2
110.2
150.9

539.6
245.9
113.9
156.6

531.5

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

-

-

-

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

179.7
103.7

179.0
104.0

185.0
105.1

185.0
105.2

291.8

287.6

300.7

300.9

-

454.6
207.3

-

-

424.1
187.1

425.1
188.1
-

-

121.6

-

-

-

441.7
205.1

-

-

122.9

123.1

-

127.7

-

1,319.2 1,274.5 1,390.4 1,397.9 1,348.3 1,143.3 1,099.7 1,199.8 1,208.8
76.9
76.6
79.2
80.2
85.3
85.0
88.5
89.8
823.7 793.9 867.7 880.8
949.6 919.4 1,006.3 1,018.3
140.8 140.2 148.8 150.0
157.3 157.1 167.2 168.6
250.7 215.3 278.6 275.2
290.2 254.2 321.8 318.4
-

-

8,572.1 8,584.6
1,387.9 1,396.6
558.4 559.6
377.2 376.5

-

9,425.8
1,641.4
612.7
428.6
165.9
1,719.0
1,270.6
216.3
232.1
3,818.0
3,517.0
89.8
211.2
199.1
651.3

9,397.1
1,632.5
609.9
430.1
166.5
1,711.4
1,263.5
216.4
231.5
3,817.7
3,519.0
89.1
209.6
200.0
640.0

922.4

919.3

9,674.3 9,693.5 9,692.7 8,352.1 8,324.0
1,694.7 1,705.2 1,708.2 1,341.1 1,334.8
536.5 534.4
636.7 638.9
354.5 355.8
454.0 453.7
176.8 175.5
1,761.8 1,763.2 1,757.3 1,550.0 1,540.6
1,302.7 1,304.3
195.0 194.7
220.7 221.0
238.4 237.9
3,873.6 3,878.9 3,885.6 3,493.6 3,492.4
3,572.6 3,578.8
88.1
89.0
212.0 212.0
216.7 218.0
670.0 667.1 661.5 602.4 591.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nec
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

Legal services

81

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,085.5 1,929.8 2,182.8 2,132.5 1,985.4
586.8 578.6 589.5 588.3
1,260.3 1,120.7 1,337.9 1,291.7
87.9
89.4
79.2
81.5
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,372.9 2,347.3 2,430.0 2,425.8 2,413.9 2,055.8 2,030.5 2,110.9 2,106.3
550.9 542.7 562.9 562.9
636.0 627.5 648.4 648.3
254.4 253.2 261.6 260.5
299.4 297.2 305.2 304.4
581.1 570.7 594.8 590.2 587.6 513.4 503.1 527.5 522.9
648.8 647.8 673.4 675.1 674.4 562.6 561.3 582.4 584.6
174.5 170.2 176.5 175.4
207.6 204.1 208.2 207.8
-

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,124.7 2,099.3 2,140.7 2,141.6 2,116.9
106.8 106.2 105.1 104.9
59.6
59.3
57.0
57.1
139.9 132.3 133.6 135.4
417.7 402.5 435.5 437.2
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

2,807.5 2,805.9 2,931.8 2,936.2 2,936.7 2,154.3 2,147.2 2,241.7 2,239.7
822.4 813.0 859.5 856.1 853.6 678.1 668.0 706.0 701.6
532.3 524.9 550.1 546.2
639.1 632.4 663.0 659.7
101.7 100.1 108.7 108.7
130.2 128.4 139.2 139.4
46.7
47.2
43.0
44.1
57.0
57.3
52.2
53.1
399.8 411.3 403.2 406.8
555.6 571.3 571.0 576.3




Jan.
1997p

79.1

75.0

939.0

83.7

940.1

84.1

938.1

79.3

735.0

733.5

-

-

1,584.6 1,586.0
-

198.7
-

-

198.9
-

3,546.7 3,551.1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

620.0

616.0

-

747.2

748.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

40.9
-

40.7
-

42.5
-

42.7
-

-

-

~

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nec

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
Federal Government4

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996"

568.5
220.5
121.3
132.7
861.0
303.0
296.7
35.3

562.6
219.7
118.8
129.4
859.0
302.7
299.3
35.5

567.5
209.8
127.3
135.8
933.8
331.3
325.3
37.1

566.0
210.4
125.4
136.0
937.8
332.6
327.4
37.2

45.0

43.9

45.9

46.1

Jan.
1997p

-

931.6
-

46.0

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

439.2
159.8
99.7
102.8
637.2
218.0
221.7
22.7

432.8
159.0
96.9
99.8
635.1
217.4
224.0
23.3

432.9
145.2
105.0
105.6
699.6
243.6
244.6
24.0

430.6
145.2
103.1
105.7
700.7
244.1
245.0
24.3

35.7

34.7

36.5

36.6

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,704

-

-

-

-

-

2,819

2,761

2,719

2,758

2,757.7 2,700.0 2,659.1
756.4 750.5 717.0
894.4 854.1 860.5
1,106.9 1,095.4 1,081.6
32.4
31.3
32.6
28.9
28.4
28.3

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,924.3 1,906.6 1,858.8 1,854.8 1,843.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

3731

60.6
29.2

59.8
28.7

51.4
23.9

51.2
23.7

806

20.1
374.0
231.5

20.0
371.7
231.2

19.0
363.7
223.5

18.9
362.4
222.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

State government
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
State government, except education

4,722 4,559 4,784 4,730 4,584
392.3 390.6 378.2 376.9
2,052.4 1,890.0 2,124.8 2,077.7 1,927.5

Local government
Transportation and public utilities
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
Local government, except education

12,169 11,948 12,482 12,410 12,191
453.0 450.5 448.3 449.1
684.9 684.8 697.8 699.4
6,984.6 6,794.8 7,157.2 7,145.8 6,961.7

1,790.8 1,793.0 1,798.1 1,794.1
2,669.2 2,668.5 2,659.2 2,652.6 2,656.9

3,620.4 3,592.8 3,721.3 3,665.4
5,184.7 5,152.7 5,324.6 5,263.8 5,229.6

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and




Jan.
1996

19,710 19,268 19,985 19,898 19,479

Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

Dec.
1995

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

(In thousands)
Oct.
1996

Nov.
1996

58,131

58,758

59,172

46,783

47,505

47,758

48,016

6,660

6,638

6,607

6,604

6,595

80

79

77

77

77

590

587

620

622

619

5,990

5,972

5,910

5,905

5,899

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,813
129
157
104
100
317
447
684
356
344
177

2,820
129
158
103
100
318
449
688
356
343
177

2,822
134
157
102
101
321
449
683
362
341
173

2,826
135
157
102
100
323
451
681
362
341
175

2,836
134
158
102
101
325
453
683
366
340
174

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,177
576
13
309
684
164
688
327
25
332
59

3,152
559
13
308
676
164
694
326
24
331
58

3,088
572
14
295
629
164
685
322
24
331
52

3,079
560
14
296
627
163
688
322
24
332
52

3,063
547
14
296
623
163
692
321
24
332
51

50,725

51,087

51,524

52,154

52,577

Transportation and public utilities

1,858

1,869

1,931

1,929

1,939

Wholesale trade

2,001

2,012

2,056

2,070

2,076

11,248

11,477

11,468

11,531

11,797

4,311

4,325

4,414

4,413

4,426

Oct.
1995

Nov.
1995

57,385

57,725

Total private

46,549

Goods-producing

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Sept.
1996

Services

20,471

20,462

21,029

21,211

21,183

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,836
1,172
2,402
7,262

10,942
1,170
2,419
7,353

10,626
1,157
2,319
7,150

11,000
1,148
2,407
7,445

11,156
1,152
2,428
7,576

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

1,826.9
449.0
166.5
215.1
153.5
74.8

1,845.1
452.5
166.4
222.9
155.4
75.8

1,845.1
454.5
166.6
222.8
155.8
75.6

250.6
120.1

257.9
120.8

253.4
120.5

9.6
2.5

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

1,843.8
1,261.3
309.4

1,914.2
1,324.1
314.2

1,916.8
1,324.8
315.5

12.4
5.2
2.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,084.7
132.0
93.3
296.0
35.5

1,102.5
137.8
93.4
302.1
35.8

1,103.0
137.5
92.7
302.4
36.0

12,680.1
175.5
264.8
3,830.2
125.0
909.7
1,170.6
791.5
604.5
109.7
991.8
933.6
850.5
147.2
154.1
159.2
142.8
243.0

12,982.9
178.4
267.1
3,917.8
127.4
927.4
1,196.2
815.3
618.6
114.6
1,005.4
937.2
877.3
149.3
157.6
165.0
146.5
246.1

13,003.2
179.2
265.2
3,924.8
127.1
926.8
1,202.0
819.4
615.9
114.0
1,009.7
940.7
880.2
149.2
156.7
162.6
144.9
246.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

1,904.1
151.6
207.5
1,007.9

1,915.4
155.9
214.1
1,017.4

1,930.1
156.7
213.2
1,020.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,584.7
181.5
84.2
594.4
244.8
132.7
195.5
84.6

1,604.5
182.0
83.1
595.2
247.8
135.5
197.7
87.1

1,609.2
182.2
83.2
594.9
246.6
135.2
199.4
86.9

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

373.7
52.7
285.8

379.1
54.5
291.1

380.9
54.5
292.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

640.7
2,443.9

629.7
2,452.6

630.0
2,458.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,169.7
146.1
605.0
151.0
110.5
490.4
165.5
168.8
955.6
726.7
146.5
216.6
148.9
1,024.0
410.1

6,290.8
150.1
620.6
153.5
111.8
502.6
166.9
170.9
964.8
744.3
151.4
220.6
152.5
1,046.6
417.0

6,360.4
150.7
628.9
155.0
112.2
506.6
168.9
171.4
972.8
752.1
152.8
224.8
153.3
1,056.4
423.9

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura




Dec.
1995

(O1)

(1)

2.6

3.5

(2)

9.6
2.4

9.4
2.4

11.0
5.8

12.9
6.2

11.4
5.8

12.5
5.2
2.3

12.6
5.1
2.3

121.2
85.2
20.4

127.4
91.0
20.2

125.7
90.3
20.2

3.4

44.9
5.5
3.6
13.4
.7

47.9
5.9
3.4
14.3
.8

47.9
5.9
3.5
14.4
.8

500.7
8.7
13.2
116.4
6.0
42.7
49.9
42.8
28.1
3.6
44.1
28.5
28.5
5.5
7.5
6.3
8.1
11.2

544.5
8.8
13.8
127.6
6.3
47.3
53.9
47.3
31.4
4.4
46.0
30.5
33.2
6.1
8.6
8.0
9.5
12.4

529.7
8.6
13.2
126.9
5.9
44.9
52.9
46.1
29.0
4.2
46.0
29.8
32.6
6.0
7.9
7.7
8.4
11.9

106.7
6.0
11.6
54.9

115.7
6.8
12.8
60.3

113.1
6.9
12.4
59.3

.8

51.3
5.5
2.9
20.7
8.0
4.3
5.1
2.6

55.0
6.1
3.1
21.1
9.2
4.5
5.1
3.1

52.9
6.0
3.0
20.2
8.8
4.2
4.9
3.0

.1
.2

19.3
2.4
13.3

21.7
2.5
15.9

21.6
2.5
15.7

.1
.9

8.9
115.2

9.2
117.4

9.0
115.9

7.3

308.7
7.0
33.2
10.7
3.9
25.0
8.0
8.4
37.3
37.7
9.5
10.8
5.4
46.0
23.7

315.1
7.0
34.3
11.3
3.8
26.2
7.7
8.7
37.5
37.8
9.8
11.0
5.5
46.9
24.6

315.1
7.0
34.4
11.3
3.7
26.4
7.7
8.7
37.3
38.0
9.9
11.0
5.4
46.8
24.8

O
(1)

(1)

2.4
.9
1.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.2
.4
.1
.3
1.9

(2)

7.3

()

>

2.2
.9
1.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.2
1.1
.4
.1
.4
1.6

.2

()
3.6
(2)
.3
(22)
(2)
()
(2)
.4
(2)

(2)

(2)

6.8

()

6.8

( }
(?
1>

>

()
>
>

(
(

o
(2)
.1
.2

7.3
.2

(22)

()
3.9
(2)

.3

O
O
O2

()
(2)

2.2
.9
1.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.3
1.6

13.3

(2)

.1
.9

.1
.8
7.0

28.2
10.5
.5
6.2

( }
!1

o
(2)

(2)

.8

(1)

}

O

.2

(1)

.8

.8

(<

.1

(1>)

13.4

(

(1>)
(1)
(2)

(22)

3.4

{i }

(

(2)

2.6

( }
!1

.7

(2)

(

28.3
10.4
.5
6.1

14.4

(11)
()

2.6

91.2
23.4
5.3
17.2
8.7
4.8

(1)

29.1
10.4
.6
6.0

Dec.
1996P

91.7
23.7
5.5
17.3
8.8
4.8

.8

(1)

Nov.
1996

87.5
23.2
5.4
15.6
8.0
4.5

11.1
3.4

11.1
3.4

11.0
3.3

Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

.5

(2)
(22)

.1

()
3.9
(2)
.3
(2)
V2
()
(2)
.5
(2)

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

386.9
53.1
38.1
27.0
18.1
10.5

379.9
51.0
38.1
27.3
17.6
10.6

379.7
51.1
37.9
27.0
17.7
10.5

89.1
29.7
3.6
13.1
6.4
2.4

89.0
29.3
3.4
13.9
6.4
2.3

89.0
29.2
3.5
13.8
6.5
2.3

428.1
113.0
34.1
58.2
37.0
17.9

431.2
112.9
34.2
59.8
36.6
17.9

435.1
114.4
34.7
60.0
37.4
18.2

10.1
1.9

12.1
1.9

10.2
1.9

21.4
11.7

21.7
11.3

21.5
11.3

54.0
30.0

54.9
30.3

54.7
30.4

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

195.3
151.1
27.7

200.3
156.0
28.3

199.9
155.5
28.2

87.5
60.9
13.8

89.7
63.3
13.5

90.5
63.9
13.5

468.5
323.7
71.0

483.8
341.9
71.0

488.9
347.0
71.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

258.4
33.9
27.6
35.2
7.7

255.1
34.4
27.7
34.0
8.1

255.4
34.2
27.0
34.0
8.2

66.5
9.4
6.2
20.6
1.9

66.9
9.3
6.1
20.8
1.9

67.1
9.2
6.1
20.8
1.9

248.7
35.6
19.4
70.5
7.6

254.9
37.9
19.3
72.1
7.6

256.2
38.1
19.3
72.6
7.7

1,796.0
9.4
28.2
633.0
24.5
106.3
204.0
93.5
41.5
9.1
113.7
73.8
235.0
16.2
21.4
20.8
15.5
30.5

1,829.9
9.3
28.8
639.6
25.5
109.9
207.7
97.0
43.0
9.6
113.5
75.6
244.1
17.0
22.4
21.0
16.2
30.6

1,825.9
9.5
28.5
639.0
24.9
109.2
208.0
97.3
42.7
9.8
114.1
75.0
244.3
17.1
22.2
20.4
16.0
30.8

635.5
9.3
13.1
206.3
5.5
60.2
43.7
41.6
25.6
4.7
38.1
73.5
24.1
5.3
5.7
12.0
5.4
10.4

648.5
9.6
13.4
207.0
5.8
60.7
44.1
42.3
25.8
4.9
37.7
73.7
24.5
5.3
5.5
12.2
6.0
10.3

647.9
9.6
13.2
207.2
5.7
61.1
44.2
42.6
25.8
5.0
38.3
73.6
24.5
5.2
5.5
12.0
5.9
10.1

3,046.2
43.0
66.6
878.0
32.5
212.4
303.4
212.8
136.7
29.8
238.4
207.3
176.5
36.6
40.9
40.2
38.5
59.2

3,070.3
43.6
65.3
889.9
32.9
214.3
304.4
216.3
137.0
30.7
238.9
205.2
179.5
36.3
40.9
41.5
39.0
59.6

3,110.4
44.0
65.2
900.1
33.1
218.1
309.9
220.2
138.7
30.7
241.2
207.7
182.1
36.6
41.2
41.5
39.1
60.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

193.3
29.8
25.2
88.1

197.0
29.6
25.9
90.5

197.2
29.6
26.0
90.8

122.1
3.1
10.9
86.0

120.4
3.4
10.7
84.3

120.2
3.3
10.7
84.0

485.1
34.6
47.5
252.9

477.9
35.4
48.5
249.7

486.1
35.4
48.2
253.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

279.5
40.8
19.4
90.3
40.6
27.3
27.3
18.4

277.2
40.5
19.2
91.9
39.9
24.5
26.6
18.5

277.9
40.6
19.3
92.6
40.1
24.4
26.6
18.5

72.6
7.4
3.4
25.2
16.6
6.0
8.8
3.6

73.4
7.4
3.1
25.7
16.4
6.2
8.9
3.7

73.5
7.4
3.1
25.6
16.4
6.2
8.9
3.7

351.3
41.0
22.2
126.6
51.5
28.5
44.4
16.7

354.2
40.6
21.2
124.0
52.2
28.7
42.1
16.0

359.6
40.8
21.4
125.0
52.5
28.9
43.1
16.4

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

61.1
6.1
44.3

57.7
6.4
41.4

57.6
6.0
41.6

16.1
1.7
13.6

16.4
1.8
14.0

16.4
1.8
13.9

86.2
14.2
61.8

87.0
14.5
61.5

88.2
14.7
62.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

13.0
93.8

12.9
94.1

13.1
94.3

19.9
114.8

19.5
118.2

19.4
117.7

52.9
489.7

53.0
484.9

53.2
494.6

483.8
13.7
41.6
6.5
5.5
35.3
20.9
26.7
76.1
50.9
10.9
20.2
5.0
86.4
30.1

481.4
14.1
42.4
6.4
5.4
35.8
20.7
25.9
75.4
50.9
11.4
20.4
5.0
85.4
30.0

482.4
14.1
42.4
6.3
5.5
35.9
21.0
25.8
75.6
51.1
11.4
20.5
5.0
85.9
30.1

310.8
3.8
29.5
6.7
2.2
34.7
8.8
4.6
79.5
38.1
6.7
5.4
3.6
44.3
15.0

316.3
3.9
30.5
6.4
2.3
35.1
8.6
4.5
82.0
38.3
6.8
5.4
3.6
44.4
15.0

322.1
4.0
31.6
6.6
2.3
35.7
8.8
4.6
83.0
38.9
6.9
5.5
3.7
45.0
15.4

1,613.4
41.7
173.3
43.2
24.8
121.3
46.2
40.2
252.1
182.7
35.0
55.0
33.5
254.5
109.6

1,631.2
42.9
176.7
44.4
25.3
123.2
46.5
40.9
248.5
184.7
35.4
55.6
34.9
261.5
108.6

1,664.7
43.4
181.0
45.2
25.7
125.2
47.6
41.5
253.7
188.4
36.0
57.3
35.4
264.9
112.3

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
:
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

77.5
30.7
4.4
9.1
8.5
2.1

79.6
31.9
4.5
9.5
8.7
2.2

79.8
32.1
4.5
9.6
8.6
2.2

403.5
126.5
42.2
58.4
39.1
12.7

414.1
130.6
42.5
61.4
41.0
13.4

413.0
130.8
42.6
61.9
40.5
13.2

343.3
69.5
38.7
33.7
36.4
22.1

348.5
69.7
38.2
33.7
36.3
22.0

346.2
70.1
38.1
33.3
36.4
21.8

Alaska
Anchorage

11.6
7.1

11.5
6.9

11.5
7.0

59.6
33.0

61.3
33.6

61.4
33.7

73.3
28.1

73.9
28.2

73.3
28.0

107.8
87.8
11.9

111.0
91.6
12.5

112.3
92.8
12.6

534.3
375.0
93.2

559.4
396.4
95.4

561.0
397.6
94.1

316.8
172.4
69.1

330.1
178.7
71.0

325.9
172.6
73.1

42.0
4.4
3.0
16.7
1.4

42.8
4.5
3.0
17.1
1.2

42.9
4.5
3.0
17.0
1.2

238.7
25.3
22.9
81.8
8.2

247.1
26.7
22.9
85.2
8.2

246.1
26.5
22.9
85.0
8.2

182.0
17.9
9.8
57.8
8.0

184.4
19.1
10.2
58.6
8.0

184.0
19.1
10.1
58.6
8.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

736.6
6.1
13.6
224.5
4.4
52.4
84.8
29.5
41.0
6.2
55.2
95.3
28.6
7.3
9.5
8.3
5.4
12.3

733.9
5.9
12.9
223.7
4.4
53.0
84.8
29.5
41.0
6.4
55.5
94.2
27.9
7.3
9.3
8.3
5.7
12.3

735.6
6.0
12.9
224.2
4.4
53.1
85.0
29.8
41.1
6.4
55.6
94.7
28.0
7.3
9.4
8.3
5.7
12.5

3,815.5
40.3
65.8
1,231.5
28.4
263.3
352.8
204.5
164.1
30.5
315.0
327.7
270.3
45.0
42.5
38.8
37.4
73.8

3,971.8
41.5
68.8
1,286.2
29.2
269.5
366.4
211.0
170.7
31.1
321.1
330.0
280.3
45.2
43.9
39.8
38.6
74.8

3,976.2
41.9
68.6
1,282.6
29.4
270.0
367.1
211.7
170.1
30.9
322.3
331.4
281.3
45.3
43.7
39.7
38.1
74.7

2,120.5
48.3
63.7
534.5
23.7
170.0
131.1
165.7
167.2
25.7
187.0
126.9
87.4
30.1
26.2
32.7
32.2
43.7

2,155.7
49.3
63.6
537.7
23.3
170.5
134.0
170.8
169.4
27.4
192.4
127.4
87.6
31.0
26.6
34.1
31.1
44.5

2,149.3
49.1
63.1
538.6
23.7
168.2
134.0
170.6
168.2
26.9
191.9
127.9
87.3
30.6
26.4
32.9
31.4
44.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

115.7
5.4
9.8
77.6

116.0
5.6
10.0
77.8

117.1
5.6
10.1
78.3

555.7
46.0
68.6
298.4

561.5
48.0
70.9
303.8

571.5
48.7
70.5
304.3

311.1
26.7
33.9
142.7

313.5
27.1
35.3
144.2

311.6
27.2
35.3
143.5

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

132.4
9.9
3.5
72.8
13.6
3.4
22.2
4.1

129.8
9.7
3.6
69.7
14.2
3.6
23.3
4.1

129.8
9.7
3.5
69.2
14.2
3.6
23.7
4.2

471.1
56.5
23.1
160.8
84.4
32.3
69.9
27.1

482.0
57.1
23.1
161.7
84.3
32.9
74.3
29.4

483.5
57.1
23.1
161.9
83.5
33.1
74.9
28.7

225.8
20.4
9.7
98.0
30.1
30.9
17.8
12.1

232.1
20.6
9.8
101.1
31.6
35.1
17.4
12.3

231.2
20.6
9.8
100.4
31.1
34.8
17.3
12.4

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

42.0
1.7
37.5

43.0
1.5
38.5

43.4
1.6
38.7

98.2
11.8
79.7

101.8
12.6
83.4

102.3
12.7
83.7

50.7
14.8
35.4

51.4
15.2
36.2

51.3
15.2
36.2

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

29.9
133.6

29.6
132.4

29.7
132.7

268.1
885.5

268.8
908.6

268.5
908.1

247.9
610.5

236.6
596.1

237.1
593.9

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

379.2
6.7
42.7
8.6
4.4
48.1
7.7
5.6
67.7
42.4
5.3
10.6
5.3
68.5
26.5

388.4
6.8
44.0
8.6
4.5
48.0
7.5
5.6
69.4
42.3
5.6
10.6
5.6
71.3
26.5

390.7
6.8
44.2
8.7
4.5
48.3
7.7
5.7
69.3
42.3
5.6
10.7
5.6
71.8
26.8

2,112.8
49.5
202.5
51.5
30.8
159.1
44.9
58.4
306.9
292.3
50.5
88.5
37.4
389.2
154.9

2,176.8
51.1
207.5
52.1
31.1
166.9
46.0
60.2
315.8
305.6
53.7
91.0
38.9
397.6
159.9

2,197.7
51.1
209.9
52.5
31.1
166.9
46.0
60.0
317.2
308.5
54.1
92.8
39.0
401.5
161.6

954.0
23.7
82.0
23.7
38.9
66.5
25.4
24.9
135.7
82.2
28.4
26.0
58.5
134.7
50.3

974.3
24.3
85.0
24.2
39.4
67.0
26.0
25.1
135.9
84.3
28.5
26.5
58.8
139.0
52.4

980.4
24.3
85.3
24.3
39.4
67.8
26.2
25.1
136.4
84.5
28.7
26.9
59.0
140.0
52.9

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff




(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

3,516.0
59.1
71.6
1,881.8
192.3
111.9
144.0
130.0

3,603.5
60.0
74.8
1,942.5
193.8
115.2
146.7
135.1

3,614.2
60.1
74.8
1,950.8
194.3
115.4
146.3
134.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

538.3
413.7

526.0
402.1

Idaho
Boise City

486.8
184.0

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

7.7

()
1

1.6
.6

()
1

Dec.
1996P

163.4
3.9
2.7
86.7
10.6
5.0
6.3
8.1

161.6
4.1
2.7
85.8
10.7
5.1
6.5
7.8

26.1
20.2

21.0
15.4

22.9
17.1

2.9

30.6
13.2

34.7
14.1

33.0
13.7

12.9

213.8
2.6
2.8
140.2
8.1
4.0
2.8
6.8
6.4
4.4

227.7
2.6
3.2
153.5
8.7
3.9
2.9
7.5
7.0
4.5

218.8
2.5
3.0
146.9
8.1
3.8
2.7
6.8
6.6
4.3

126.0
2.9
4.6
8.8
12.7
16.8
42.5
1.5
3.4
2.4
6.7
2.9

135.6
3.5
4.6
9.0
13.4
17.8
44.1
1.7
3.9
2.5
7.0
3.1

131.1
3.4
4.6
9.0
13.4
17.2
43.8
1.6
3.7
2.4
6.8
2.9

2.0

54.2
5.8
10.3
1.6
1.8
3.3
2.6

60.6
6.1
11.9
1.8
2.0
3.3
3.0

56.4
5.9
10.0
1.6
1.6
3.1
2.8

8.1

57.4
1.8
4.3
13.9

55.8
1.7
4.0
13.5

1

1.6
.6

Nov.
1996

159.6
4.0
2.8
85.8
10.4
4.8
5.9
6.8

7.4

7.5

1

1

Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

()
1.6
.6

1

()
1.2
(1)

()
1.1
(1)

()
1.1
(1)

531.4
405.8

(1)

(M

(M

510.8
191.9

507.4
192.1

(1)

5,692.7
77.4
96.9
3,969.6
171.9
56.1
43.1
161.4
176.3
112.4

5,781.1
77.4
97.5
4,031.7
174.0
56.9
43.0
167.1
176.3
112.2

5,779.2
77.3
96.8
4,030.1
173.4
57.0
43.2
166.4
176.7
112.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,824.7
64.7
116.3
151.3
263.7
258.2
806.5
56.4
83.7
59.9
134.9
72.0

2,845.1
67.9
119.9
149.8
266.7
264.4
812.4
56.5
90.1
62.2
132.8
73.1

2,832.6
67.3
119.6
149.8
266.7
264.0
812.9
56.7
88.5
61.2
133.5
73.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,381.6
109.8
267.1
50.4
65.7
64.7
69.8

1,407.7
111.2
267.1
50.1
67.4
64.1
70.6

1,407.5
111.0
266.3
49.9
66.2
64.3
70.2

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,227.5
44.8
99.6
261.5

1,261.4
45.6
100.8
269.5

1,252.6
45.4
100.1
268.4

1.4

52.7
1.7
3.8
12.8

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,674.2
262.7
534.7
43.4

1,700.8
269.4
547.0
45.0

1,701.3
269.8
545.1
44.8

24.6
.2
.6
.4

24.7
.2
.6
.4

24.5
.2
.5
.4

73.2
11.8
26.8
3.0

78.1
12.6
27.2
3.4

75.6
12.4
26.7
3.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,806.1
54.2
274.4
67.1
149.3
83.3
67.5
605.2
165.8

1,819.8
53.4
279.8
69.0
153.0
82.8
67.3
601.5
169.0

1,821.9
53.6
279.1
69.1
153.8
83.9
67.1
602.1
168.7

46.8
.1
.8
5.3
11.8
1.5
.2
14.0
2.5

48.2
.1
.9
6.1
12.7
1.5
.2
14.1
2.5

48.3
.1
.9
6.1
13.0
1.5
2
14.2
2.5

109.9
3.6
28.0
2.8
8.1
9.7
3.5
29.8
8.6

113.2
3.4
30.6
2.8
8.4
9.5
3.3
28.5
9.1

113.9
3.5
30.1
2.9
8.2
10.4
3.3
28.4
9.0

550.5
42.6
135.8

553.7
42.0
139.0

551.5
42.0
138.2

.1

22.5
1.6
5.6

24.4
1.6
6.7

23.1
1.5
6.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




2.7

(1)
( }
!1

( !1 )
1.8

( }

()

()

.8

O
(

()
()

.2

>
(o1)

2.1

()
>
>
1>
()

1.3

.8

(M
1.4

6.6

()
1.3

O
(1)

.2

>
(o1)

2.1

1
(!>
)

.1

()

.2

()

1.4

O
(1)

.1

2

.8

(O
(>
}
(
1>
8.0

(

>

O
(

()
8.1

1.8

1

(O
( >
(>
1>

(
(
(

()

>
>
(1>)

O
(

1

2

(
(
(

1

1

( )

3
<

1

1.2

()

6.7

6.5

O1

>
(o1)

1.8

!
(1)
(
(>
(>
>
(1)

O
o1

()

1

( }

!
O1
()

(1)

13.2

13.1

( )

()

3.1

2

()

(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

588.4
8.2
11.7
214.9
42.2
21.6
20.1
17.1

593.1
8.8
12.1
219.0
42.3
22.2
20.4
17.0

593.9
8.8
12.1
220.1
42.4
22.3
20.1
17.0

219.4
3.1
1.9
152.3
5.7
3.7
5.2
9.6

226.9
3.1
1.9
157.8
5.9
3.5
5.4
9.5

227.9
3.1
2.0
159.0
5.9
3.5
5.4
9.3

912.5
14.4
17.1
518.8
43.3
25.6
34.2
34.2

939.9
14.5
18.1
534.1
42.8
25.9
34.7
35.3

953.5
14.5
18.1
542.0
43.3
25.9
34.9
35.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.9
12.8

16.2
12.6

16.2
12.5

41.1
33.6

40.6
33.2

40.8
33.3

138.0
103.9

135.2
101.3

136.7
102.1

Idaho
Boise City

72.1
32.8

74.7
34.5

74.3
34.5

23.3
8.7

24.0
8.7

23.8
8.7

125.8
44.5

130.1
46.0

131.0
46.8

Illinois
.
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

972.8
8.6
12.1
662.0
30.2
11.9
7.5
26.3
55.1
4.4

981.2
8.7
11.5
660.9
30.2
13.0
7.4
31.5
54.5
4.4

981.1
8.7
11.4
660.9
30.3
13.1
7.5
31.4
54.6
4.4

332.0
3.1
2.7
246.1
9.1
5.2
2.0
9.7
9.3
6.2

331.4
2.9
2.6
240.6
9.0
5.1
2.0
9.3
9.2
5.9

333.0
2.9
2.6
241.5
9.1
5.2
2.0
9.3
9.3
5.9

1,365.3
18.0
21.7
949.8
48.8
13.1
11.3
41.3
36.9
24.6

1,376.2
17.9
22.0
964.0
48.2
12.8
11.1
41.1
37.1
24.4

1,390.4
17.9
22.1
974.7
48.5
12.9
11.3
41.4
37.5
24.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

683.7
10.2
56.0
31.8
73.6
52.6
126.3
22.9
21.8
11.0
23.0
12.5

678.2
10.8
57.4
30.5
74.0
51.2
128.5
22.6
21.3
10.9
22.8
11.8

677.7
10.8
57.2
30.9
74.1
51.4
128.6
22.6
21.4
10.9
22.8
11.9

140.6
1.8
3.4
7.2
13.3
15.8
48.1
1.2
2.2
5.5
5.7
3.9

140.3
1.9
3.3
7.2
12.7
15.3
47.8
1.1
2.1
4.6
5.7
4.4

140.0
1.9
3.3
7.2
12.7
15.6
47.8
1.1
2.2
4.6
5.8
4.5

695.2
15.4
23.1
39.1
63.7
64.3
212.7
12.2
18.0
14.2
34.7
22.2

699.5
15.3
23.8
37.2
63.2
64.3
210.9
12.4
17.7
13.5
34.3
21.9

701.1
15.3
23.7
37.6
63.3
64.9
211.4
12.4
17.9
13.4
34.9
22.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

250.6
21.2
25.7
12.0
5.3
12.8
14.8

251.7
21.4
24.9
11.8
5.4
12.7
14.6

251.6
21.4
24.7
11.7
5.4
12.8
14.7

62.7
7.2
13.2
2.0
2.0
4.0
2.0

63.6
7.2
13.2
2.0
1.9
3.9
2.1

63.8
7.2
13.1
1.9
1.9
3.9
2.2

349.3
25.9
72.8
12.6
13.2
16.4
17.0

352.6
25.2
71.8
12,6
13.3
16.1
16.8

355.5
25.6
72.7
12.6
13.5
16.4
17.0

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

193.9
5.2
10.2
58.3

198.6
5.2
9.8
63.3

199.3
5.3
10.0
63.8

68.7
1.1
6.2
10.2

70.5
1.1
6.3
10.0

70.8
1.1
6.3
10.1

306.9
11.6
22.5
62.8

315.1
11.7
22.7
64.1

316.3
11.7
22.9
64.3

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

316.5
44.5
91.0
7.1

310.6
43.9
89.8
7.0

310.1
44.2
88.6
7.0

93.3
10.5
37.2
2.2

95.1
10.6
38.6
2.2

95.1
10.6
37.9
2.2

410.3
60.0
133.9
10.8

417.0
60.8
136.4
11.3

419.7
61.4
137.1
11.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

189.8
3.3
24.4
5.8
15.7
11.2
8.4
47.1
20.5

190.0
3.4
24.3
6.6
15.7
11.4
8.1
46.7
20.5

189.3
3.3
24.4
6.6
15.8
11.5
7.9
46.3
20.3

108.3
3.0
13.1
6.7
8.8
4.5
3.8
42.4
8.1

109.0
2.9
12.6
7.0
9.1
4.4
3.8
42.0
8.1

109.0
2.8
12.6
7.0
9.3
4.5
3.8
42.2
8.2

434.2
12.3
65.6
17.6
39.0
18.8
17.5
152.3
39.4

436.0
12.2
65.8
17.2
39.6
17.6
17.4
149.4
39.5

440.3
12.4
66.5
17.2
39.9
17.7
17.5
150.5
39.7

91.7
8.4
13.5

89.2
7.6
13.5

88.7
7.7
13.2

22.5
1.8
6.1

22.6
2.0
6.3

22.6
2.0
6.2

142.5
11.2
43.4

144.2
11.2
44.9

144.0
11.1
44.6

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

176.7
2.2
2.1
118.9
6.8
7.2
8.3
4.3

178.1
2.2
2.0
119.6
6.6
7.7
8.3
4.5

179.2
2.3
2.1
119.7
6.5
7.7
8.2
4.5

864.1
14.5
13.0
533.1
44.1
28.3
33.0
37.1

898.2
14.7
14.2
560.9
44.6
29.6
34.0
38.8

895.4
14.6
14.1
559.9
44.5
29.6
33.7
38.5

587.6
12.7
23.0
256.4
39.2
20.7
36.1
20.9

596.4
12.8
23.8
262.8
40.4
21.3
36.5
21.9

595.3
12.7
23.7
262.7
40.4
21.3
36.4
21.7

Hawaii
Honolulu

37.3
30.6

35.9
29.6

35.9
29.6

166.0
121.4

166.5
120.9

166.8
121.0

112.9
91.2

110.6
89.1

112.1
90.2

Idaho
Boise City

24.2
11.5

25.4
11.9

25.5
11.9

110.9
44.5

118.5
46.8

117.8
46.7

97.2
28.8

100.3
29.9

99.1
29.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

383.3
13.7
3.3
300.9
8.0
2.9
1.7
7.7
7.0
7.7

388.2
13.5
3.2
306.0
8.0
2.9
1.7
8.0
7.2
7.9

389.7
13.6
3.2
307.9
8.0
2.8
1.7
8.0
7.2
7.9

1,594.5
17.3
19.6
1,179.6
41.8
13.1
10.9
50.9
45.0
31.2

1,632.8
17.7
19.7
1,210.8
43.5
13.2
11.0
51.1
44.5
31.4

1,631.9
17.7
19.5
1,210.2
43.6
13.2
11.1
51.0
44.6
31.3

817.9
14.1
34.7
489.2
25.9
5.9
6.9
18.7
16.6
33.9

830.4
14.1
35.3
494.1
26.4
6.0
6.9
18.6
16.8
33.7

821.4
14.0
35.0
486.2
25.8
6.0
6.9
18.5
16.9
33.7

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

132.7
2.4
•2.6
7.3
14.0
9.3
57.3
1.5
3.7
1.8
6.1
2.3

134.2
2.4
2.7
7.3
14.4
9.6
60.0
1.4
3.8
1.7
6.2
2.3

134.4
2.4
2.7
7.4
14.5
9.7
59.9
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.2
2.3

637.8
11.7
18.3
41.6
60.0
62.6
206.3
9.3
16.4
14.4
44.1
16.9

646.4
11.6
20.0
42.1
60.8
68.1
210.0
9.4
16.7
14.6
43.7
16.8

643.0
11.6
20.0
41.9
60.7
67.8
210.3
9.4
16.5
14.6
43.6
16.8

402.2
20.3
8.3
14.3
26.4
36.8
112.5
7.8
18.2
10.6
14.6
11.1

404.2
22.4
8.1
15.2
28.2
38.1
110.3
7.9
24.6
14.4
13.1
12.6

398.7
21.9
8.1
14.5
28.0
37.4
110.3
8.1
23.1
13.6
13.4
12.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

77.3
5.6
36.4
1.7
1.7
2.6
3.1

77.9
5.6
36.7
1.6
1.8
2.8
3.0

78.3
5.6
36.9
1.6
1.8
2.8
3.0

349.2
32.0
74.8
16.9
13.4
18.5
17.1

363.1
33.4
74.5
16.6
14.5
18.0
17.5

364.1
33.2
74.5
16.8
13.9
18.0
17.2

236.2
12.1
33.9
3.6
28.3
7.1
13.2

236.1
12.3
34.1
3.7
28.5
7.3
13.6

235.8
12.1
34.4
3.7
28.1
7.3
13.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

58.2
1.9
6.5
11.2

59.4
1.8
6.7
11.2

59.5
1.8
6.6
11.1

294.4
9.8
25.9
71.2

297.9
10.1
26.4
70.1

297.0
10.0
26.2
69.9

244.6
13.5
24.5
33.6

254.5
13.9
24.6
35.5

245.8
13.8
24.1
34.3

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

65.7
9.5
27.9
1.8

66.9
9.6
29.0
1.8

67.3
9.7
29.3
1.8

397.6
66.9
149.3
11.7

413.8
71.3
157.5
12.4

414.4
71.1
157.2
12.3

293.0
59.3
68.0
6.4

294.6
60.4
67.9
6.5

294.6
60.2
67.8
6.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

80.5
2.2
15.6
2.1
5.7
2.6
4.4
30.4
6.4

81.0
2.2
16.0
2.2
5.8
2.7
4.5
30.4
6.5

81.0
2.2
16.0
2.2
5.8
2.7
4.6
30.4
6.6

475.5
15.7
69.6
13.7
36.6
22.0
16.6
185.6
48.2

480,4
15.8
69.5
14.0
37.8
22.5
16.9
187.6
50.2

480.1
15.9
69.6
13.9
37.9
22.4
16.8
186.9
50.0

361.1
14.0
57.3
13.1
23.6
13.0
13.1
103.6
32.1

362.0
13.4
60.1
13.1
23.9
13.2
13.1
102.8
32.6

360.0
13.4
59.0
13.2
23.9
13.2
13.0
103.2
32.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

26.0
1.9
11.6

26.4
1.8
12.1

26.7
1.9
12.2

148.2
12.9
37.6

149.7
12.9
36.8

150.0
12.9
37.0

97.0
4.8
18.0

97.1
4.9
18.7

96.3
4.9
18.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah




(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,206.9
1,139.6
406.2
813.9

2,213.0
1,145.5
405.4
813.6

2,218.6
1,145.7
406.1
818.3

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,032.0
51.4
1,845.8
92.4
51.7
146.9
108.7
64.6
41.6
246.1
218.7

3,069.2
53.8
1,860.6
92.3
53.1
148.0
109.1
65.1
42.5
252.1
222.6

3,072.0
53.0
1,865.4
91.8
53.5
148.7
109.1
65.3
42.5
250.4
223.4

(1)

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint.
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,343.0
258.6
71.2
2,062.1
184.9
522.6
59.7
208.5
230.3
175.8

4,405.9
261.1
72.1
2,099.2
181.0
539.7
60.3
208.4
231.5
178.0

4,408.9
261.9
71.6
2,106.4
181.7
540.0
60.3
208.1
231.6
177.6

(11)
()
(1)

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,406.9
106.4
1,566.0
69.0
84.3

2,470.3
110.8
1,597.3
71.1
85.6

2,464.2
110.1
1,593.7
71.3
85.8

(2)
O
(1)

Mississippi
Jackson

1,085.6
213.9

1,081.2
212.4

1,081.4
212.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,562.2
877.7
1,270.9
154.0

2,598.6
900.9
1,276.1
157.0

2,601.2
902.7
1,281.2
156.8

Montana

354.4

363.7

359.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

824.6
138.9
377.6

845.6
142.8
380.8

843.8
141.5
380.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

821.4
572.2
171.5

877.4
616.9
178.4

877.2
618.9
177.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

552.1
95.6
86.3
111.2

555.7
93.7
87.8
110.5

557.0
94.8
87.4
109.9

3,651.7
167.5
629.0
458.8
240.7
584.6
348.6
944.0
198.2
58.0

3,687.2
172.7
631.8
465.6
244.6
589.1
358.0
946.0
198.2
58.1

3,690.1
171.1
630.1
467.0
242.8
590.6
356.3
947.8
198.1
57.9

707.2
330.9
51.3
71.2

722.4
337.5
52.2
71.1

725.6
338.4
52.6
71.3

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe




Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

1.2
.2

(1)

(

1.4
.5

}

.1
.1
.2
7.4

.8

(21>)
()
(2)

(11)
()
(1)

(2)
(11)

(2)

8.1
5.0

1.2

(1)
(1)

(( 1)
(1>)

.6

2.1

>

O

(1)
(1)

.5
.8
.2

16.8

()

89.0
4.5
58.0
2.3
3.8

80.6
4.1
55.2
2.2
3.6

4.3

46.2
9.6

51.1
10.9

50.8
10.9

5.0

<
>
(1)

109.4
41.7
60.3
6.8

115.2
45.0
65.2
6.6

115.4
44.3
65.4
6.5

4.9

15.3

17.6

15.4

1.2

33.6
5.6
16.0

36.6
5.9
17.0

34.9
5.7
16.6

14.5
2.0
.6

68.6
53.6
10.8

77.6
61.7
11.3

76.8
61.7
10.9

(( 1)
(1>)

.4

20.0
4.0
3.0
3.2

21.2
4.5
3.2
3.1

20.5
4.4
3.2
3.0

( )

1.9

124.8
6.4
21.7
19.2
3.6
19.1
17.2
31.3
4.5
1.6

129.1
7.1
22.2
21.3
3.9
19.6
17.9
29.9
4.4
2.0

125.5
6.9
21.3
21.0
3.8
19.4
17.4
30.2
4.3
1.8

48.4
23.3
3.4
3.7

48.1
23.4
3.4
3.6

47.4
23.1
3.4
3.5

(21)
(1)
(2)

(3
>

.2

(1)

78.4
3.5
52.4
2.1
3.8

.7

()

15.7

1

7.6
5.0

7.8

1

(1)
.8

169.2
8.4
2.2
74.4
6.5
22.7
2.2
7.5
6.8
8.6

1.2

( }
(!

.5

178.3
8.9
2.3
77.6
6.7
24.1
2.3
7.9
7.1
8.9

(11)
()
(1)
(31>)
(11)
(1)
()

14.6
2.0
.6

2.1

(3 >
1>

155.7
7.9
2.0
69.0
6.0
21.0
2.1
7.3
6.8
8.5

.1
.1
.2

5.3

13.4
1.9
.6
.4

94.3
2.4
52.5
3.1
1.8
5.8
4.8
2.5
1.4
7.1
7.6

()

4.7

>

5.3

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

.7

(1)

1
(!>
)

98.0
2.4
54.1
3.2
1.8
6.0
4.8
2.6
1.6
7.6
8.0

5.0

(

(

90.6
2.2
51.2
3.1
1.7
5.5
4.6
2.3
1.4
6.7
6.6

.5

(

4.8

(

8.1

()

(1)

1.4

(1)

.1
.1
.2

()

4.9

128.8
61.7
11.9
54.7

(

(o }
1
7.6
5.1

130.9
62.7
12.1
55.0

(21V)
()
(2)

< >

O1

(( 1)
(1>)

.5

o

<}

()
()

1.4

O
(1)

(1)

Dec.
1996P

127.7
61.0
11.8
53.7

(1)

{

(M
(M
(M

2

(1)

Nov.
1996

1.1
.2

1.1
.2

()

(o
(21>)
(2)

()

(11)

Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

(O1)
(1)
(1)

.5
.8
.2

17.0

O
(1)

(1)

(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

175.0
102.0
32.0
36.1

174.1
100.8
31.8
36.4

174.1
100.9
32.0
36.4

106.5
56.7
20.1
34.8

106.0
56.4
19.4
34.4

105.7
56.5
19.4
34.0

547.1
274.3
68.2
203.1

542.4
271.6
66.6
201.5

549.0
275.6
66.9
205.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

448.3
2.3
222.6
10.6
13.6
36.0
27.6
14.9
7.7
39.7
40.7

443.0
2.1
218.9
10.5
13.5
34.4
28.2
14.2
7.6
40.4
41.3

443.1
2.1
219.2
10.5
13.6
34.4
28.0
14.2
7.7
40.2
41.3

131.1
2.7
81.4
4.9
1.9
4.6
5.7
2.4
1.2
9.9
9.6

130.7
2.6
81.0
4.9
1.9
4.7
5.8
2.4
1.2
10.1
9.5

131.6
2.6
81.4
4.8
1.9
4.7
5.8
2.3
1.2
10.0
9.6

711.1
18.1
415.5
31.9
12.8
36.2
23.7
16.5
10.9
58.2
49.9

711.9
18.9
410.6
30.8
13.0
36.7
23.4
16.5
11.3
59.7
49.0

721.6
18.7
418.0
30.8
13.1
37.4
23.6
16.8
11.6
60.0
49.8

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

980.9
53.1
21.3
450.3
48.5
152.4
13.2
50.0
31.3
40.2

962.4
52.9
21.0
445.8
43.9
154.7
13.0
49.0
30.1
40.4

966.3
53.8
21.0
449.1
44.3
155.6
13.0
49.1
30.3
40.2

167.7
5.4
3.0
91.6
5.4
18.7
3.6
6.7
6.1
7.4

169.1
5.5
2.9
92.1
5.4
19.3
3.6
6.7
6.0
7.1

170.2
5.4
2.9
93.3
5.4
19.4
3.6
6.7
6.0
7.1

1,045.7
52.0
15.9
505.4
45.7
130.1
15.2
46.3
51.5
46.8

1,053.7
52.1
16.2
509.6
45.6
134.3
15.4
46.3
51.3
47.6

1,070.2
52.6
16.2
517.5
46.4
135.9
15.6
46.4
52.1
47.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

425.2
8.2
274.2
9.5
15.4

430.0
7.7
274.3
10.4
15.2

429.3
7.8
273.8
10.1
15.4

118.2
5.9
84.8
2.1
2.8

122.2
6.7
87.4
2.0
2.8

122.3
6.6
87.5
2.1
2.8

593.4
28.3
379.5
15.0
25.9

603.4
29.4
383.7
15.0
26.5

609.2
29.5
388.6
15.3
26.6

Mississippi
Jackson

252.0
20.9

239.5
20.6

239.8
20.5

49.4
14.1

49.1
13.9

48.7
13.8

233.2
51.9

229.7
50.3

230.2
50.8

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

424.0
107.3
202.5
23.3

414.4
108.7
196.0
24.3

414.0
108.9
196.4
24.2

162.7
68.3
81.2
9.4

167.6
71.5
81.5
9.8

166.6
71.3
81.8
9.4

618.7
218.6
306.5
45.1

625.0
220.2
304.8
45.2

628.7
222.9
309.5
45.2

Montana

23.4

23.8

23.5

21.3

21.1

21.0

98.4

99.1

98.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

112.1
16.9
37.9

114.4
16.9
37.5

114.4
16.9
37.6

49.9
7.6
26.1

50.3
7.5
26.2

50.9
7.6
26.4

211.3
30.4
95.8

212.2
30.3
95.9

213.7
30.6
95.9

38.1
20.9
12.6

39.8
22.1
13.2

39.7
22.1
13.2

41.9
29.0
11.4

43.6
30.2
11.8

43.5
30.1
11.8

167.2
117.6
39.0

178.7
126.5
41.5

180.8
127.5
42.1

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

102.7
12.7
26.8
19.4

101.1
12.8
26.9
18.0

101.4
12.9
26.9
18.0

20.4
5.9
2.3
4.2

20.8
6.5
2.3
4.3

21.1
6.6
2.3
4.4

144.7
24.2
21.6
28.0

147.3
24.4
22.3
28.5

149.0
24.8
22.3
28.0

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

493.5
6.4
107.7
56.7
29.4
92.5
22.1
139.7
21.3
13.3

488.7
5.7
106.0
55.7
30.0
91.5
21.6
139.5
20.8
13.4

485.8
5.7
105.2
55.6
28.8
92.4
21.7
139.2
20.7
13.2

253.5
7.1
29.8
22.2
29.6
48.0
20.2
82.8
7.4
2.8

251.3
7.0
29.6
22.4
30.2
46.9
20.4
81.3
7.7
2.8

251.5
6.9
29.8
22.0
30.1
46.6
20.4
81.4
7.7
2.8

881.7
33.3
181.6
127.5
59.6
141.5
96.7
192.8
33.2
11.6

883.5
34.7
179.9
129.6
59.7
139.8
98.8
191.9
33.1
11.2

896.9
34.5
181.3
131.3
59.6
141.6
99.5
194.3
34.0
11.4

46.0
30.2
2.6
2.0

46.9
30.4
2.7
2.0

46.3
30.4
2.6
2.1

32.0
14.4
1.8
1.2

31.7
14.3
1.8
1.2

31.8
14.4
1.8
1.2

170.3
80.7
11.2
16.2

175.5
83.6
11.5
16.2

177.1
83.8
11.7
16.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

127.5
70.3
34.6
48.2

127.6
69.6
33.9
47.3

127.5
70.4
33.9
47.4

689.6
362.8
147.5
261.8

702.3
374.0
153.3
265.4

699.0
371.2
152.8
266.7

432.3
212.3
92.0
176.2

428.6
210.2
88.3
173.6

433.4
209.2
89.2
173.9

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

203.2
2.8
147.9
2.9
1.4
4.9
3.9
1.9
2.0
13.3
15.5

204.6
3,1
149.1
2.9
1.3
4.8
3.9
1.9
1.9
13.2
15.9

205.2
3.0
149.8
2.8
1.3
4.9
3.9
1.9
1.9
13.3
16.1

1,043.6
16.0
707.5
23.1
13.1
42.1
28.6
16.7
13.4
73.8
64.1

1,074.6
17.0
726.3
24.1
14.0
43.9
28.4
17.6
13.9
75.8
66.4

1,070.6
16.4
724.2
23.8
14.1
43.9
28.5
17.6
13.7
74.9
66.4

402.7
7.3
219.2
15.9
7.2
17.6
14.6
9.9
4.9
44.4
32.1

405.0
7.7
220.1
15.9
7.6
17.5
14.6
9.9
4.9
45.2
32.3

404.2
7.8
219.8
16.0
7.7
17.6
14.5
10.0
4.9
44.8
32.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

195.6
9.6
2.6
108.6
6.2
21.2
1.8
10.9
12.6
6.4

197.4
9.5
2.5
112.4
6.2
21.7
1.8
10.8
12.8
6.3

198.7
9.6
2.5
112.4
6.2
21.9
1.8
10.8
12.9
6.3

1,132.8
59.3
17.4
605.8
47.6
126.2
13.7
51.7
53.3
43.7

1,167.5
59.6
18.0
626.1
48.1
130.4
13.8
52.3
54.5
44.6

1,167.4
60.0
17.5
628.6
47.7
130.0
13.7
52.1
54.2
44.5

657.1
71.2
9.0
230.6
25.4
53.1
10.1
35.5
68.8
22.8

669.4
72.6
9.2
234.9
25.1
55.2
10.5
35.6
69.7
23.1

659.0
72.1
9.2
230.4
25.2
54.5
10.4
35.5
69.3
22.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

139.9
3.4
111.5
2.1
2.6

142.3
3.3
111.8
2.2
2.6

142.9
3.4
112.0
2.2
2.6

654.1
29.5
442.1
30.7
20.6

673.8
30.1
455.4
31.6
21.3

676.1
30.4
455.1
31.9
21.4

390.1
22.5
221.1
7.5
13.2

401.5
24.1
226.1
7.6
13.4

396.2
23.3
221.0
7.5
13.4

39.8
15.0

39.4
15.1

39.6
15.3

236.5
56.4

241.4
54.5

240.8
54.3

223.6
45.3

226.3
46.4

227.2
46.6

148.0
63.1
77.7
6.6

150.8
63.0
77.9
6.8

151.3
63.4
77.9
6.7

689.6
246.6
386.3
43.9

708.5
257.7
395.3
45.0

708.6
258.1
395.3
45.2

405.0
132.1
156.4
18.9

412.1
134.8
155.4
19.3

411.6
133.8
154.9
19.6

Montana

15.7

16.0

16.1

97.3

101.2

101.9

77.7

79.6

78.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

52.7
8.9
32.5

52.6
9.4
31.7

52.6
9.5
31.9

211.4
34.6
118.7

222.6
35.5
121.6

222.5
35.5
121.5

152.4
34.9
50.6

155.7
37.3
50.9

153.6
35.7
50.6

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

37.3
27.8
7.9

38.9
28.9
8.1

39.0
29.0
8.2

354.4
259.6
67.2

374.7
277.9
67.9

375.0
278.9
67.2

100.5
61.8
22.0

109.5
67.6
24.0

107.9
67.6
23.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

29.2
7.6
3.2
6.0

29.1
6.7
3.5
6.1

29.4
6.7
3.6
6.1

155.2
30.3
21.5
27.9

155.4
28.2
21.7
27.8

154.2
28.3
21.2
27.5

79.5
10.9
7.9
22.5

80.2
10.6
7.9
22.7

81.0
11.1
7.9
22.9

227.7
5.9
34.5
21.6
23.0
42.8
17.7
67.6
10.5
3.4

229.2
6.0
34.7
22.4
23.5
43.6
18.0
67.1
10.7
3.4

229.6
6.0
34.8
22.4
23.7
43.3
18.0
67.3
10.8
3.4

1,092.3
79.8
181.6
133.0
55.0
160.6
111.9
284.3
69.2
12.0

1,127.5
83.6
187.1
135.8
57.1
167.3
118.4
291.5
69.5
12.2

1,125.3
82.6
187.3
136.2
56.7
167.6
116.6
290.8
68.9
12.1

576.1
28.6
72.1
78.6
40.5
79.6
62.8
144.7
52.1
13.1

575.8
28.6
72.3
78.4
40.2
79.9
62.9
144.0
52.0
12.9

573.6
28.5
70.4
78.5
40.1
79.2
62.7
143.8
51.7
13.0

29.9
15.7
1.9
3.1

30.7
16.1
1.9
3.1

30.8
16.2
1.9
3.2

197.1
104.8
10.9
20.9

202.5
106.8
11.2
21.0

204.8
107.0
11.5
21.1

167.8
61.8
19.5
24.1

170.2
62.9
19.7
24.0

170.4
63.5
19.7
24.0

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

7,995.1
434.5
112.8
547.9
107.5
42.2
49.0
1,116.0
3,882.3
3,377.1
118.4
532.0
101.0
335.2
130.3
384.7

8,042.7
433.2
113.9
543.7
107.7
43.4
49.3
1,123.6
3,895.4
3,390.3
117.8
534.2
102.3
338.1
129.7
382.8

8,051.9
431.5
113.7
543.3
107.8
43.9
49.2
1,127.3
3,909.2
3,404.1
118.0
533.3
102.8
337.0
128.5
382.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salern-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,519.4
102.2
724.1
611.9
567.2

3,583.6
104.1
731.4
617.3
577.7

3,589.0
103.9
731.7
618.4
577.8

306.7
46.5
92.2
49.1

315.5
48.1
94.9
50.3

314.7
47.9
94.6
49.8

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,342.3
318.1
177.2
820.4
1,124.4
801.0
476.5
113.9
78.1
79.7
50.9
315.2
247.3

5,378.2
316.6
177.7
825.8
1,126.2
809.0
473.9
115.4
78.1
80.6
48.1
314.7
246.2

5,389.3
317.5
178.0
828.6
1,129.3
809.8
474.7
115.8
78.1
80.2
47.8
316.7
246.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,343.2
24.0
37.2
484.9
359.5

1,372.9
24.2
39.0
499.3
366.4

1,378.3
24.1
38.6
502.1
368.5

31.9
1.2
.1
6.9
7.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,452.2
132.3
65.8
866.3
125.0

1,522.4
136.4
68.4
904.7
131.4

1,514.3
135.9
68.2
906.2
129.7

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,307.6
261.4
57.1
130.6
341.9
87.2
205.4
2,205.1
682.1
1,067.2
160.7
273.6
46.2
64.7
52.9
161.7

5,348.3
264.7
58.3
131.8
349.5
87.1
210.7
2,215.6
681.3
1,072.4
164.4
279.8
46.5
67.4
54.4
162.6

5,348.1
264.0
58.3
130.8
349.0
86.5
211.0
2,223.0
682.4
1,071.1
164.5
277.3
46.2
66.5
54.6
162.2

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks




Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

246.6
14.1
4.1
19.1
4.3
1.4
1.9
44.3
111.9
89.5
4.1
16.5
3.2
12.2
3.4
17.3

266.5
15.7
4.4
20.6
4.2
1.6
2.3
46.4
117.6
92.9
4.1
17.8
4.0
13.4
3.6
18.4

255.5
14.3
4.1
18.9
4.1
1.5
2.1
45.4
116.0
92.0
4.0
16.7
4.0
12.3
3.1
17.9

3.8

177.1
5.4
39.2
27.3
28.6

186.8
5.6
40.1
27.7
29.1

185.8
5.6
40.1
27.7
28.8

4.0

12.4
2.0
4.7
1.8

15.3
2.6
5.7
2.2

13.7
2.2
5.3
1.9

13.8
.3
.6
.8
1.1
.7
.4

.5
.2
.6

208.3
12.0
8.0
36.3
42.1
31.6
17.0
6.0
3.4
2.5
1.5
12.7
9.3

223.3
13.0
8.7
38.3
45.6'
33.5
18.3
6.2
3.7
2.7
1.4
14.0
10.2

214.4
12.6
8.2
37.2
44.0
32.1
18.0
5.9
3.6
2.5
1.5
13.5
9.7

30.7
1.1
.1
6.8
7.3

30.7
1.1
.1
6.7
7.3

48.9
.8
1.2
17.7
13.9

50.6
.9
1.3
18.8
13.9

50.8
.9
1.3
18.8
13.9

1.7
.2
.1
1.0
.2

2.0
.2
.1
1.3
.2

1.9
.2
.1
1.3
.2

68.2
5.8
2.8
46.6
6.3

79.6
6.4
3.0
54.5
6.6

76.3
6.2
2.9
53.9
6.5

19.0

19.2

18.8

196.3
10.0
2.6
4.3
12.2
4.4
11.3
77.7
10.9
47.7
6.1
9.9
1.3
2.1
1.9
7.3

209.1
11.0
2.9
4.5
14.2
4.5
12.1
81.3
10.8
50.9
6.4
11.8
1.4
2.2
2.4
7.5

199.8
10.6
2.6
4.3
13.4
4.1
12.1
79.9
10.8
48.8
6.1
10.6
1.3
2.1
2.2
7.3

4.6
.5

4.6
.5

(
(>
5

(
(

O
O
(

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O
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(1>)
(1)

.3
.6

o
o1

(
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(
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{

>
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(1>)
(1)

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(1)
.3
.5

(O

(11)
({ )
(1>)

3.7

(1)
( }
(1)

3.9

(!)

.4
.2
.6

o

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(O
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.4

<!>
(1)

(<
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.5
.2
.6

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.4

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3.6
.6

(O }
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4.1

13.9
.4
.6
.8
1.1
.6
.4

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.4

.5

(( ;))
(!1)

O
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.3

( 11)

(

O
O1

(1)

3.8

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14.1
.3
.6
.7
1.1
.7
.4

()
(1>)

(
(>
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(1)
(1>)

1

(O

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(1)

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4.4
.5

Nov.
1996

(1)
( 1>
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(1)
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O

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(1)

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3.7
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(1>)

.5

(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

943.2
40.4
25.5
91.7
17.8
9.4
9.0
113.9
323.8
268.7
12.2
127.7
12.4
49.3
21.5
41.0

931.2
39.8
25.1
89.5
17.9
9.2
8.7
111.3
320.8
268.6
12.2
127.8
12.3
49.9
19.9
38.2

924.9
39.3
25.0
90.0
17.9
9.4
8.8
110.7
316.1
264.0
12.3
127.6
12.3
49.3
18.9
38.0

410.8
16.4
4.5
26.1
4.1
1.4
1.3
51.6
234.3
208.0
6.7
17.4
5.9
18.7
4.3
19.6

409.7
16.8
4.5
25.8
4.3
1.4
1.3
50.3
232.3
205.9
6.5
17.5
6.2
18.4
4.4
19.4

410.4
16.8
4.5
25.7
4.3
1.4
1.3
50.4
232.9
206.6
6.4
17.5
6.2
18.4
4.4
19.4

1,682.2
94.9
24.2
136.3
22.0
10.8
11.1
298.0
701.3
583.2
33.0
114.0
23.9
80.1
27.9
90.0

1,681.9
94.8
24.5
133.8
21.2
11.7
11.1
299.2
697.5
580.7
32.2
113.8
23.9
80.3
27.2
88.7

1,702.1
96.0
24.7
135.4
21.4
11.9
11.2
304.0
707.9
588.7
32.7
115.3
24.4
81.2
27.6
90.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapei Hill

854.5
20.2
149.6
166.3
86.1

842.5
20.2
146.2
165.0
87.4

841.2
20.2
146.0
165.1
87.3

165.2
4.7
54.8
32.3
23.2

166.7
4.7
53.5
32.3
23.1

168.0
4.8
53.5
32.6
23.0

828.9
25.1
179.4
140.1
121.3

827.9
25.1
178.0
141.1
119.8

837.2
25.1
179.1
141.3
120.2

21.1
2.4
7.2
3.9

22.0
2.5
7.8
4.1

21.9
2.5
7.6
3.9

18.7
3.2
5.5
2.6

18.7
3.2
5.6
2.7

18.7
3.1
5.6
2.8

81.6
12.1
27.1
13.7

83.0
12.2
27.4
13.9

83.4
12.3
27.6
14.0

1,105.1
66.1
46.6
142.4
229.3
92.9
101.4
21.7
20.7
22.3
14.3
60.3
60.0

1,084.9
63.0
45.9
141.8
223.6
91.4
99.3
21.5
19.9
22.9
11.3
58.8
59.1

1,089.2
63.9
46.1
142.5
223.7
91.7
99.4
21.7
19.7
22.8
11.3
60.9
59.6

232.1
14.5
5.5
43.7
45.7
35.0
18.7
4.4
2.9
4.1
2.9
15.0
9.8

233.8
14.0
5.6
44.4
44.7
35.4
18.1
4.4
2.9
4.2
2.8
14.7
9.5

233.5
14.0
5.6
44.3
44.9
35.2
18.2
4.5
2.9
4.1
2.7
14.8
9.6

1,327.6
79.4
44.7
218.4
271.5
219.1
113.5
31.4
18.9
18.2
10.8
80.0
64.3

1,334.3
79.8
44.2
216.5
271.8
218.6
113.1
31.7
18.8
18.5
10.7
78.1
64.3

1,351.9
80.9
45.1
219.5
276.2
220.4
114.4
32.0
19.0
18.4
10.6
79.3
64.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

170.6
2.0
3.7
52.4
53.6

173.5
2.0
3.9
52.7
55.3

174.0
1.9
3.8
52.8
55.3

74.7
2.1
1.9
21.5
28.0

77.1
2.0
2.0
23.7
27.9

77.1
2.0
2.0
23.8
28.0

321.4
6.3
9.0
118.9
86.2

326.3
6.4
9.3
120.1
87.1

329.0
6.4
9.2
121.8
88.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

225.6
19.4
9.0
137.9
15.8

233.1
20.3
9.0
138.8
17.8

232.1
20.1
8.9
139.0
16.5

73.2
4.8
3.1
49.5
3.6

74.5
4.9
3.2
49.4
3.6

74.4
4.9
3.0
50.0
3.6

373.5
35.1
20.9
220.7
28.7

385.7
35.9
22.1
230.9
29.4

388.7
36.0
22.4
234.5
29.7

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

932.2
57.5
10.4
35.1
46.6
12.7
55.7
307.5
61.2
131.7
43.8
56.6
11.1
8.5
12.9
47.8

928.5
58.1
10.6
34.3
46.2
12.5
55.8
302.2
59.8
133.0
44.3
57.5
10.7
8.8
12.8
48.4

926.7
58.0
10.5
34.3
46.1
12.3
55.7
301.1
60.0
132.9
44.7
57.0
10.7
8.7
13.0
48.4

274.9
14.5
4.2
4.5
23.7
4.7
7.2
103.2
32.8
67.2
7.1
15.5
1.9
2.0
1.9
7.6

275.0
14.8
4.2
4.5
24.4
4.7
7.2
104.5
33.0
66.9
7.2
15.2
1.9
2.0
1.9
6.7

275.1
14.6
4.2
4.5
24.4
4.7
7.2
104.2
32.9
66.9
7.2
15.3
1.9
2.0
1.9
6.8

1,238.8
55.1
15.3
29.6
77.4
20.8
52.3
507.7
118.9
271.1
38.8
66.8
12.0
12.5
12.9
40.8

1,245.8
55.3
15.5
30.2
78.6
21.2
54.2
504.9
116.3
270.4
38.8
67.1
12.3
12.7
13.2
41.1

1,260.1
55.6
15.7
30.2
79.0
20.9
54.9
510.8
118.0
273.1
38.9
67.0
12.3
12.4
13.4
40.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massiilon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren




(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

722.2
25.8
3.9
28.0
4.1
1.4
1.9
79.1
505.1
473.1
5.6
23.1
5.0
18.1
7.8
25.9

721.4
25.8
3.9
27.9
4.0
1.3
1.9
78.5
504.4
473.0
5.5
22.8
5.1
18.2
7.6
25.2

724.3
25.9
3.9
27.9
4.1
1.3
1.9
79.2
506.3
474.8
5.5
22.9
5.1
18.2
7.6
25.2

2,585.6
132.2
28.4
158.4
31.9
10.3
13.8
346.8
1,385.1
1,217.5
30.0
152.1
29.8
95.7
35.3
132.0

2,643.5
132.6
29.0
158.3
33.0
10.6
14.2
354.7
1,412.9
1,242.4
30.4
154.2
30.4
97.0
37.0
134.3

2,649.4
131.6
29.0
157.9
32.9
10.8
14.1
354.5
1,421.1
1,251.4
30.1
153.2
30.3
96.7
36.9
133.6

1,399.9
110.3
22.2
88.3
23.2
7.4
9.9
182.3
620.8
536.7
26.8
80.6
20.7
61.0
30.0
59.1

1,383.7
107.2
22.4
87.7
23.1
7.5
9.8
183.1
609.8
526.6
26.8
79.7
20.4
60.9
30.0
58.7

1,380.9
107.1
22.5
87.5
23.1
7.5
9.8
183.1
608.9
526.3
26.8
79.6
20.4
60.9
30.0
57.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

146.6
2.9
46.5
30.2
26.3

155.6
3.1
48.3
31.8
26.8

156.5
3.1
48.2
31.9
26.9

771.2
28.6
168.7
148.8
163.3

807.4
30.1
172.7
152.5
168.8

803.8
30.1
172.1
152.8
168.3

572.2
15.3
85.9
66.9
118.4

592.9
15.3
92.6
66.9
122.7

592.7
15.0
92.7
67.0
123.3

13.9
2.2
5.5
1.5

14.2
2.3
5.5
1.5

14.3
2.3
5.5
1.5

82.6
14.8
27.3
12.7

86.2
15.2
28.2
13.3

86.3
15.3
28.4
13.2

72.5
9.8
14.9
12.9

72.0
10.1
14.7
12.6

72.4
10.2
14.6
12.5

273.6
12.4
5.3
50.9
70.0
65.2
16.6
4.2
2.2
2.8
1.6
10.6
9.7

278.6
12.1
5.3
52.0
70.1
67.2
17.1
4.1
2.2
2.7
1.6
11.1
9.5

279.6
12.2
5.2
52.1
70.0
67.5
17.1
4.1
2.2
2.7
1.6
11.0
9.5

1,410.3
84.7
47.3
223.8
320.8
220.4
134.1
25.7
19.6
19.3
13.2
88.3
62.1

1,433.2
84.7
47.8
225.4
325.8
225.7
136.1
26.5
20.1
19.3
13.5
89.1
61.9

1,431.3
84.3
47.7
225.6
325.5
224.8
135.9
26.7
20.0
19.3
13.4
88.6
61.9

771.2
48.7
19.2
104.2
143.9
136.1
74.8
20.5
10.4
10.5
6.2
48.1
31.5

776.2
49.6
19.6
106.6
143.5
136.6
71.5
21.0
10.5
10.3
6.3
48.7
31.1

775.6
49.3
19.5
106.6
143.9
137.4
71.3
20.9
10.7
10.4
6.2
48.4
30.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

66.3
1.0
1.7
26.6
20.1

67.3
1.0
1.9
28.0
20.7

67.8
1.0
1.9
28.5
20.7

354.1
6.6
7.7
137.5
107.5

371.4
6.5
8.1
147.0
111.3

371.8
6.5
8.0
146.8
112.2

275.3
4.0
11.9
103.4
42.6

276.0
4.3
12.4
102.2
42.9

277.1
4.3
12.3
102.9
43.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

88.7
6.9
3.0
63.4
6.5

92.2
7.0
3.0
66.9
6.6

92.9
7.1
3.0
67.6
6.6

376.1
34.8
16.5
235.7
30.1

406.2
35.8
17.5
254.1
31.9

406.6
35.7
17.5
254.7
31.7

245.2
25.3
10.4
111.5
33.8

249.1
25.9
10.5
108.8
35.3

241.4
25.7
10.4
105.2
34.9

304.8
13.8
1.9
5.7
24.1
4.2
9.0
152.5
55.7
60.5
9.0
13.6
1.5
1.7
2.3
4.9

308.7
13.2
1.9
5.6
24.9
4.5
9.3
154.7
55.5
59.9
9.1
14.6
1.6
1.5
2.3
4.8

310.0
13.2
1.9
5.5
25.0
4.5
9.1
155.7
55.5
60.0
9.0
14.6
1.6
1.5
2.3
4.8

1,603.0
79.9
14.5
35.9
86.4
26.2
50.5
749.6
276.5
359.2
36.3
74.8
12.9
12.8
13.8
38.1

1,626.3
81.1
15.2
36.7
89.3
25.6
52.7
764.9
281.3
363.3
39.0
77.7
13.2
13.2
14.5
37.0

1,622.4
81.0
15.4
36.1
89.1
25.8
52.4
765.4
279.4
362.4
38.7
77.0
13.1
13.2
14.6
36.9

738.6
30.6
8.2
15.5
71.5
14.2
19.0
306.9
126.1
126.2
19.6
35.8
5.5
25.1
7.2
14.8

735.7
31.2
8.0
16.0
71.9
14.1
19.0
303.1
124.6
124.3
19.6
35.3
5.4
27.0
7.3
16.6

735.2
31.0
8.0
15.9
72.0
14.2
19.2
305.9
125.8
123.2
19.9
35.3
5.3
26.6
7.2
16.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

448.4
504.3

452.9
509.9

452.1
509.6

1,667.1
211.8
268.2
448.6

1,706.7
215.2
274.9
460.1

1,698.0
214.9
275.1
460.0

349.6
45.6
97.6

357.7
45.2
100.0

354.6
44.8
100.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,564.8
218.4
195.6
314.1
540.6
611.0

2,609.5
218.2
195.5
313.9
544.0
615.5

2,614.7
218.3
196.8
314.1
545.2
616.6

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christ!
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,220.7
53.2
92.2
536.0
153.3
71.4
94.6
65.1
147.1
1,641.2
236.1
667.5
87.9
1,794.1
95.6
55.6
84.6
109.7
128.8
97.4
41.6
635.6
41.2
50.0
72.6
34.1
93.9
58.6

8,399.7
53.9
94.8
548.5
152.9
72.8
96.6
68.1
151.1
1,692.9
236.0
686.6
87.2
1,830.5
97.1
56.3
85.3
112.4
131.1
99.7
41.1
647.1
42.0
50.5
72.3
33.5
95.0
58.9

8,420.8
54.1
95.3
547.7
153.6
72.6
97.1
67.8
151.6
1,701.6
236.4
689.3
87.4
1,839.8
97.2
57.0
85.5
112.2
132.7
100.1
41.2
649.3
41.9
50.4
72.7
33.6
94.4
59.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

944.0
128.9
635.2

984.8
136.2
663.9

990.8
136.1
666.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

277.4
30.7
97.0

278.6
30.1
98.6

281.7
30.7
98.5

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,112.8
37.4
77.3
45.1
98.3
634.9
947.2
508.4
139.3

3,172.5
37.3
80.6
45.5
98.3
636.5
971.8
517.3
139.7

3,179.5
36.9
80.4
45.6
98.3
638.2
975.6
519.3
140.0

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,379.6
1,207.9
179.9
220.4

2,465.9
1,267.3
183.6
225.7

2,458.1
1,272.3
182.7
225.5

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls




Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

14.1
15.4

1.9

86.8
12.8
13.4
26.9

90.5
13.2
14.1
27.8

90.3
13.1
14.1
27.8

2.2

13.5
2.8
4.5

14.9
2.7
4.8

13.7
2.5
4.5

4.5

( )

!>
(M

109.4
8.8
9.6
16.9
22.7
27.8

120.3
9.5
9.6
17.2
23.9
28.5

118.8
9.5
9.5
17.0
23.9
28.4

153.8
1.3
.7
1.1
.8
1.4
1
( )
.6
2.4
11.3
(1)
4.4
.8
66.0
1
( )
3.0
3.3
.1
1.1
12.2
.4
1.9
1
( )
(1)
1.4
1.3
1
( )
1.3

153.8
1.4
.7
1.1
.8
1.4
1
( )
.6
2.4
11.3
(1)
4.4
.8
65.9
1
( )
3.1
3.3
.1
1.2
12.2
.4
1.9
1
( )
(1)
1.4
1.3
1
( )
1.3

422.1
2.1
4.3
25.1
14.2
8.2
3.0
2.6
11.8
69.3
10.2
29.2
5.4
121.6
4.0
2.1
3.8
4.0
5.9
5.3
1.9
32.2
1.7
2.2
2.5
2.3
4.1
2.1

440.1
2.2
4.8
26.8
14.3
8.3
3.4
2.8
12.4
75.5
10.0
31.6
5.1
124.7
4.1
2.1
3.9
4.3
6.4
5.2
1.7
34.5
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.4
4.3
2.2

438.6
2.2
4.9
26.8
14.6
8.1
3.5
2.7
12.4
75.3
10.0
31.5
5.0
123.2
4.0
2.1
4.0
4.3
6.5
5.1
1.7
34.7
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.3
4.3
2.2

7.9

56.7
10.1
35.6

64.1
9.7
41.7

64.4
9.3
40.3

2.0

<
>
( )
1

(

1

( )
4.5

4.5

O
(1)
.5

(

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( )

1

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(1)

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( )
1

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.5

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156.1
1.3
.8
1.0
.8
1.4
(1)
.7
2.5
11.8
(1)
4.4
.9
64.5
1
( )
2.9
3.3
.2
1.1
11.8
.5
1.8
1
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(1)
1.4
1.4
(1)
1.3
8.4
3.2

(1)
3.0

.4

.7

.6

(1)

12.2
1.3
4.5

14.0
1.5
4.9

13.1
1.4
4.6

10.1
(1)
1
( )

10.1
(1)
1
( )

>
( )

(1)

171.2
1.5
4.0
2.2
6.1
37.3
51.3
29.8
7.5

175.1
1.7
4.1
2.3
5.9
38.1
51.7
31.0
7.7

173.9
1.6
4.1
2.3
6.0
38.3
51.3
31.1
7.7

120.3
58.9
9.3
12.5

127.5
65.6
10.6
11.9

123.3
64.8
9.6
11.7

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( )
10.6

(!)
o
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.7
(1)

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.5
.8

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3.4
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3.3
.7
(1)
.2

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.8
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3.0

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7.9
(1)

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(1)
(1)
(1)

2.2

2.3
1

Dec.
1996P

14.7
16.1

O

!>
( )

Nov.
1996

13.7
14.7

.1
.2

1.9

(

Dec.
1995

.1
.2

.2
.2

(1)
(M
(1)

Dec.
1996P

3.3
.8
(1)

.2

.2

(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

84.0
106.3

83.3
105.0

82.5
104.5

15.5
17.7

15.6
17.4

15.8
17.5

99.7
119.5

99.4
119.0

100.1
120.3

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

375.7
20.9
26.1
127.3

364.6
20.8
25.7
125.6

364.4
20.9
25.7
125.7

72.1
11.3
12.2
18.2

74.0
11.5
12.3
19.4

74.2
11.6
12.4
19.5

392.2
54.3
62.6
110.4

406.6
55.2
63.8
113.4

409.2
55.7
64.8
114.6

46.7
4.5
13.1

48.9
4.2
12.8

49.0
4.2
12.8

16.5
2.1
6.2

16.3
2.1
6.1

16.5
2.1
6.3

89.9
13.7
26.6

90.9
13.7
26.8

90.5
13.6
26.9

538.2
44.9
54.7
49.7
64.4
100.6

527.9
44.3
54.5
49.1
63.5
98.8

528.3
44.3
54.5
49.3
63.1
98.8

138.1
7.9
7.4
13.1
58.0
32.2

139.0
7.9
7.2
13.2
59.0
31.4

139.2
7.9
8.2
13.4
59.2
31.4

618.1
52.1
44.5
82.5
143.7
150.8

631.7
51.5
43.1
82.4
144.6
151.6

639.4
51.6
43.4
82.5
146.4
152.5

1,039.8
3.3
9.7
71.1
23.6
16.3
13.9
3.6
13.6
232.9
47.3
105.5
8.0
189.3
10.2
1.6
18.0
7.5
13.5
6.8
5.4
49.1
10.5
5.7
12.1
3.1
17.1
8.3

1,048.1
3.1
9.2
71.7
24.0
16.4
13.9
3.9
13.7
237.0
46.1
106.3
7.7
193.6
10.3
1.7
18.3
7.6
12.8
7.1
5.1
49.7
10.1
5.6
10.8
3.2
16.8
8.0

1,050.3
3.1
9.2
71.5
23.8
16.4
13.9
3.9
13.8
237.1
46.4
106.4
7.7
194.3
10.1
1.7
18.3
7.6
13.0
7.2
5.1
49.8
10.1
5.5
10.9
3.2
16.7
8.2

486.8
2.7
5.8
16.8
8.5
3.1
4.2
1.3
6.8
106.8
12.8
63.9
4.3
126.1
3.3
7.9
4.0
6.0
4.5
4.0
2.4
29.3
1.6
2.2
3.3
1.4
3.8
2.9

495.2
2.7
6.0
17.4
8.3
3.1
4.1
1.4
6.8
112.7
12.7
61.8
4.4
126.3
3.4
8.0
3.9
6.1
4.9
4.2
2.5
29.8
1.5
2.1
3.4
1.4
3.7
2.8

500.7
2.7
6.1
17.5
8.3
3.2
4.1
1.4
6.9
114.3
12.7
62.6
4.3
127.6
3.5
8.1
3.9
6.2
4.9
4.2
2.5
30.0
1.5
2.2
3.4
1.4
3.7
2.8

2,025.8
14.3
26.0
117.8
36.3
13.8
24.5
14.3
35.1
421.1
56.5
173.9
19.1
426.0
23.6
15.8
21.5
31.7
36.8
26.6
10.2
160.1
9.5
13.1
18.4
9.3
22.4
13.8

2,045.9
14.5
26.9
121.7
35.6
14.0
25.1
14.6
35.6
433.0
55.3
176.9
19.0
432.0
23.9
15.6
21.7
33.4
36.9
26.6
9.8
159.5
9.6
13.3
18.2
9.1
22.3
14.0

2,069.1
14.7
27.2
122.7
36.2
14.1
25.3
14.6
35.9
438.7
55.7
178.9
19.2
438.9
24.1
15.9
21.9
33.7
37.7
26.7
9.8
161.1
9.5
13.3
18.5
9.3
22.5
14.1

127.2
17.7
80.4

133.4
18.8
83.2

133.7
19.0
83.5

53.0
2.3
41.1

55.3
2.3
42.9

56.0
2.3
43.3

234.1
29.1
161.2

241.2
30.7
166.2

244.4
30.8
169.2

45.9
3.3
17.5

46.6
3.8
18.2

46.6
3.9
18.1

12.1
1.0
4.4

11.9
.9
4.7

12.0
1.0
4.7

66.0
6.9
23.0

65.8
6.5
22.4

66.8
6.6
22.9

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

399.2
10.2
7.6
16.4
26.7
66.2
39.1
60.6
19.4

396.9
9.7
7.5
15.9
25.4
65.5
39.6
61.5
18.9

396.5
9.7
7.4
16.0
25.2
65.4
39.5
61.5
18.9

160.2
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.7
30.1
57.2
26.2
8.6

165.2
1.2
2.3
1.1
3.6
31.5
59.9
26.7
8.3

164.9
1.2
2.3
1.1
3.7
31.3
60.0
26.9
8.3

723.7
10.1
16.0
9.7
22.3
156.1
216.3
123.6
37.8

738.6
10.2
16.9
9.9
21.5
156.3
217.0
125.8
37.8

746.6
10.2
16.9
10.0
21.5
156.9
222.0
128.0
37.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

329.7
186.2
21.4
22.3

351.7
204.7
22.1
24.4

350.8
207.1
22.0
25.0

123.2
73.5
8.0
10.1

122.8
75.9
8.4
10.2

123.7
76.4
8.3
10.1

600.0
298.7
47.7
57.1

607.6
307.7
47.4
58.2

610.9
310.9
47.4
58.5

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
,.
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington




(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

24.4
26.2

24.9
26.5

24.8
26.4

148.6
153.8

152.1
159.5

151.6
159.1

62.3
65.9

62.8
66.2

63.1
66.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

70.1
8.2
19.2
15.6

72.0
8.1
19.8
15.7

72.3
8.2
19.8
15.7

368.5
55.5
63.6
92.8

386.2
57.3
66.7
98.1

385.0
57.4
66.9
98.0

299.8
48.8
71.1
57.4

310.8
49.1
72.5
60.1

300.7
48.0
71.4
58.7

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

19.3
1.7
10.0

20.1
1.7
10.7

20.2
1.6
10.8

89.4
13.3
27.7

91.2
13.3
29.1

90.9
13.3
29.1

72.0
7.5
9.5

73.2
7.5
9.7

71.6
7.5
9.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

111.8
13.5
5.9
11.5
26.7
35.2

113.6
13.8
5.8
12.0
27.3
35.4

113.8
13.8
5.9
12.0
27.3
35.6

649.8
56.1
42.9
83.7
145.3
186.6

667.9
55.8
43.1
83.3
146.8
190.3

666.3
55.7
43.1
83.3
146.6
190.5

394.9
35.1
30.6
56.2
79.8
77.8

404.6
35.4
32.2
56.2
78.9
79.5

404.4
35.5
32.2
56.1
78.7
79.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

441.4
1.9
4.5
28.1
4.7
1.8
3.5
2.4
6.3
131.5
8.7
29.3
5.3
94.7
3.9
2.0
2.8
4.9
4.4
3.4
1.7
43.7
2.0
1.8
3.7
1.6
5.6
2.2

446.6
2.0
4.7
29.0
4.9
1.8
3.6
2.5
6.5
131.5
8.9
30.9
5.3
94.8
3.9
2.0
2.9
5.1
4.5
3.5
1.7
44.1
2.0
1.9
3.7
1.6
5.6
2.2

447.5
2.0
4.7
29.1
4.9
1.8
3.6
2.5
6.5
131.6
8.9
31.1
5.3
94.8
3.9
2.1
2.9
5.1
4.5
3.5
1.7
44.3
2.0
1.9
3.7
1.6
5.7
2.2

2,167.3
17.7
22.9
145.9
39.8
13.1
23.7
12.8
39.8
473.1
50.5
172.2
18.0
525.1
23.9
9.8
19.8
30.5
27.2
22.3
11.0
187.0
10.6
13.2
20.1
8.8
25.8
15.3

2,256.3
18.1
25.2
148.8
39.3
13.6
23.9
13.4
43.6
494.4
51.4
182.4
17.4
541.4
24.6
9.8
19.8
31.3
28.4
23.3
11.4
193.4
11.5
13.4
21.0
8.6
27.4
15.5

2,251.3
18.0
25.3
148.6
39.3
13.4
24.1
13.3
43.6
495.2
51.3
181.8
17.6
543.6
24.6
9.8
19.8
31.1
28.7
23.6
11.5
193.2
11.5
13.3
21.0
8.6
26.6
15.5

1,481.4
9.9
18.2
130.2
25.4
13.7
21.8
27.4
31.2
194.7
50.1
89.1
26.9
246.8
26.7
13.5
11.4
24.9
35.4
17.2
8.5
132.4
5.3
11.8
11.1
6.2
15.1
12.7

1,513.7
10.0
17.3
132.0
25.7
14.2
22.6
28.9
30.1
197.5
51.6
92.3
27.5
251.7
26.9
14.1
11.5
24.5
36.1
17.6
8.5
134.2
5.5
11.8
11.5
5.9
14.9
12.9

1,509.5
10.0
17.2
130.4
25.7
14.2
22.6
28.8
30.1
198.1
51.4
92.6
27.5
251.5
27.0
14.2
11.4
24.1
36.2
17.6
8.5
134.3
5.5
11.8
11.5
5.9
14.9
12.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

49.8
3.2
41.5

53.0
3.7
42.4

53.2
3.7
42.7

249.9
48.9
165.7

259.7
52.8
175.8

262.3
52.9
176.8

164.9
17.6
106.5

170.2
18.2
108.7

168.9
18.1
107.4

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.2
2.5
4.7

12.4
2.4
4.6

12.5
2.4
4.6

81.6
8.4
27.4

79.4
8.0
26.9

82.3
8.4
27.0

47.0
7.3
15.5

47.8
7.0
16.9

47.8
7.0
16.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

161.4
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.1
28.3
54.1
42.0
9.5

162.3
1.2
4.0
1.5
4.6
28.7
54.1
42.6
9.7

162.9
1.2
4.0
1.5
4.6
29.2
54.1
42.9
9.6

884.0
7.6
18.6
8.4
22.8
178.5
352.5
127.4
39.2

915.3
7.7
19.3
8.7
24.4
180.1
371.6
128.6
39.9

918.9
7.4
19.2
8.7
24.3
180.6
373.0
129.0
40.2

602.5
5.5
24.7
5.9
12.6
138.4
176.1
98.1
17.3

609.0
5.6
26.5
6.1
12.9
136.3
177.3
100.3
17.4

605.7
5.6
26.5
6.0
13.0
136.5
175.2
99.1
17.5

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

122.2
74.2
10.1
11.3

125.3
76.6
10.3
11.4

125.7
77.3
10.3
11.4

632.1
340.4
53.2
59.9

662.5
352.6
54.1
62.0

663.5
356.5
54.9
61.2

448.8
175.3
30.2
47.0

465.1
183.4
30.7
47.4

456.9
178.5
30.2
47.4




(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Dec.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

698.0
126.9
120.0
68.7
63.9

705.8
129.4
122.4
68.9
64.1

703.7
129.2
121.8
69.0
64.0

2,581.4
189.5
66.9
130.1
70.0
49.3
67.1
261.3
810.2
80.2
59.5
62.5

2,637.0
193.7
68.5
134.6
71.2
48.5
68.2
272.0
821.5
82.1
61.5
64.0

2,629.1
192.8
68.1
134.3
71.3
48.6
67.6
270.3
823.3
81.7
61.9
64.1

Wyoming
Casper

219.7
30.8

220.5
30.2

219.9
30.0

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

937.3
62.2
70.6
73.6
586.4

942.9
64.5
70.5
73.1
590.6

956.1
66.7
71.0
74.0
598.8

40.0

41.5

41.2

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

25.9
1.7
1.4
.3
1.4
2.1

(11 )

()
(1)
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
()
(1)
(1)

24.9
2.0
1.7
.3
1.5

1.0

(1>)
.5

()

37.2
8.1
6.5
4.8
2.3

35.1
7.6
6.0
4.7
2.2

2.2

99.2
9.3
2.4
6.7
2.9
2.1
2.4
11.8
28.1
2.9
2.3
2.4

114.5
11.3
3.0
7.5
3.4
2.5
2.9
13.3
29.9
3.1
2.6
2.7

107.2
10.5
2.6
7.2
3.4
2.3
2.7
12.7
28.7
2.9
2.5
2.6

16.4
1.9

13.9
1.6

14.2
1.7

13.6
1.6

.9

48.4
3.7
4.0
3.9
34.7

49.9
3.9
4.2
3.8
35.8

51.8
4.3
4.2
4.3
36.7

1.5

2.5

2.0

()
O
(1)
(11)
()
(1)
(11)
()
(O1)

.9

(O
1>

(

(O
1>

()

.5

1

()

()
1

Dec.
1996P

32.0
6.7
6.0
4.3
1.9

O1

16.5
1.9

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

24.5
2.0
1.6
.3
1.5

2.6

(11)
()
(11)
(1)
(1 )
()
(11)
( )
(1)
(o1)

17.0
2.1

1

Dec.
1996P

()

.5

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Dec.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

82.6
9.8
18.1
13.3
6.6

81.5
9.9
18.1
13.0
6.0

80.6
9.9
17.8
12.9
6.0

40.2
9.2
7.1
3.0
3.3

39.4
9.3
6.8
3.2
3.2

39.2
9.3
6.8
3.1
3.1

163.7
32.2
31.9
17.2
16.2

165.2
32.8
31.8
16.9
16.2

165.7
32.8
32.1
17.3
16.3

598.6
58.3
11.3
27.7
21.5
11.1
11.0
28.0
177.8
24.8
25.1
17.4

598.7
58.1
11.4
28.0
21.6
10.7
11.2
28.2
176.1
25.0
25.6
17.9

597.8
58.1
11.3
28.0
21.8
10.7
11.2
28.0
176.5
25.0
25.7
17.9

120.7
7.3
3.4
9.0
2.6
1.8
3.0
8.6
39.3
3.0
1.9
3.7

121.6
7.8
3.3
9.4
2.7
1.7
3.0
8.7
38.8
3.4
2.0
3.9

122.2
7.9
3.3
9.4
2.7
1.7
2.9
8.8
39.2
3.4
2.0
3.8

603.7
41.7
18.7
30.9
16.8
14.1
20.3
60.7
180.0
17.0
10.6
15.5

611.2
43.0
18.9
31.8
17.3
14.0
20.5
62.9
179.7
17.5
10.8
16.1

613.7
42.6
19.1
31.8
17.3
14.1
20.6
63.2
181.6
17.4
11.0
16.2

10.1
1.7

10.6
1.6

10.5
1.6

13.7
1.6

13.6
1.6

13.7
1.6

52.4
9.0

51.5
8.8

52.1
8.8

153.2
14.8
19.5
11.1
70.5

152.6
15.5
20.2
10.8
69.3

152.1
15.5
19.9
10.7
69.5

23.8
.8
.7
2.1
18.4

21.1
.7
.5
1.4
17.4

22.1
.7
.5
1.4
18.3

191.7
14.2
11.8
14.5
125.2

186.6
14.9
11.6
13.9
119.6

196.4
16.2
12.3
14.7
125.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.3

9.0

9.1

9.2

(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Dec.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

1

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.

2




Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

27.2
7.1
3.7
2.4
2.8

26.6
7.0
3.6
2.5
2.7

26.7
7.0
3.6
2.5
2.7

187.3
37.5
31.1
17.5
21.6

190.5
37.5
32.5
17.5
22.3

191.1
37.6
32.6
17.6
22.3

139.1
22.7
20.7
10.7
10.1

140.5
22.8
21.4
10.7
9.9

140.8
23.0
21.3
10.6
9.9

136.3
9.8
2.5
9.8
2.0
1.6
2.4
20.8
56.8
2.2
1.9
4.6

137.0
9.9
2.6
9.6
2.1
1.4
2.4
20.9
57.7
2.1
1.8
4.6

137.7
10.0
2.6
9.7
2.1
1.5
2.4
20.9
58.1
2.2
1.8
4.6

637.5
41.0
16.4
30.4
15.8
11.5
18.0
61.7
239.5
20.8
11.3
11.7

655.8
40.8
16.8
31.9
15.1
10.6
17.9
63.0
249.4
21.3
12.2
11.4

656.6
41.1
16.9
32.1
15.2
10.8
17.9
62.6
249.0
21.4
12.3
11.5

383.4
22.1
12.3
15.7
8.5
7.2
10.0
69.8
88.7
9.5
6.3
7.4

395.6
22.9
12.6
16.3
8.9
7.6
10.3
74.9
90.0
9.7
6.6
7.5

391.6
22.6
12.3
16.1
8.9
7.5
9.9
74.1
90.3
9.5
6.6
7.4

7.9
1.1

7.9
1.1

7.9
1.1

45.4
8.0

44.9
8.0

45.2
7.9

59.3
5.7

61.3
5.5

60.5
5.5

43.1
1.7
2.2
2.1
33.6

42.9
1.6
2.4
2.3
33.4

42.7
1.7
2.4
2.3
33.3

172.8
10.8
11.7
14.9
118.1

175.1
11.0
10.5
15.2
122.1

176.8
11.4
10.6
15.1
123.2

303.3
16.2
20.7
25.0
185.4

313.8
16.9
21.1
25.7
192.5

313.3
16.9
21.1
25.5
192.1

1.7

1.7

1.7

8.9

9.9

10.0

14.1

13.8

13.8

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks.

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Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Total private

34.5

33.4

34.5

34.9

33.9

-

-

-

-

-

Goods-producing

41.2

39.2

41.4

41.8

40.4

-

-

-

-

-

45.0

43.8

45.5

46.1

44.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

44.5
43.9
45.7

44.4
43.9
47.6

43.5
42.8
44.5

44.9
45.4
45.4

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.1
45.3

44.7
45.1

46.0
46.0

46.7
46.7

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

44.9
42.5
46.2

43.8
41.6
45.0

45.2
41.7
47.1

46.0
43.7
47.3

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

45.3
46.4

42.5
40.4

46.7
48.2

46.6
48.7

38.1

36.7

38.8

38.5

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

38.0
36.4
39.1
39.5

36.6
34.7
38.7
38.4

38.0
36.7
39.2
39.3

38.1
36.2
38.5
39.8

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

41.2
40.1
41.6

39.8
38.2
40.3

42.4
41.7
42.7

41.5
40.8
41.8

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.4
39.8
35.3
40.1
33.7
35.4
32.0

36.0
37.7
34.3
38.0
33.2
34.0
30.9

38.1
39.2
36.6
39.7
35.1
36.0
34.7

38.0
39.6
36.8
40.6
35.4
35.5
33.6

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

42.0
42.8
40.4
38.9
41.3
41.6
40.3
40.9
40.1
40.1
42.6
44.6
38.8
38.7
38.8
40.9

39.8
40.9
38.6
39.5
39.8
40.5
37.4
38.5
38.5
35.9
40.9
43.7
37.2
35.3
35.8
39.0

42.1
42.9
41.0
41.0
42.3
42.5
41.5
41.3
41.4
40.0
42.5
44.0
38.8
38.4
38.5
41.3
40.4
39.2
39.5
38.1
39.9
38.8
42.0
41.2
43.2
41.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures




25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.7
40.1
40.1
39.8
42.4
38.5
41.9
40.9
42.0
40.6

35.8
34.2
33.3
33.5
38.4
36.4
36.1
38.4
39.6
37.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

36.3

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

—

-

-

42.8
43.7
41.1
39.4
42.6
42.6
42.4
41.7
41.1
40.9
44.1
44.7
39.6
38.2
38.2
41.4

41.5
42.2
39.4

4.7
5.1
4.1
5.0
4.8
5.1
3.4
4.1
2.9
4.2
5.1
6.0
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.2

4.0
4.3
3.4
4.8
4.3
4.6
3.1
3.0
2.2
2.1
4.5
6.2
2.7
2.0
2.1
2.9

4.8
5.1
4.4
5.4
5.3
5.6
3.9
4.4
3.7
4.3
5.1
6.2
3.3
2.4
2.2
3.9

5.1
5.5
4.4
5.0
5.4
5.8
4.1
4.5
3.5
4.9
5.9
6.4
3.6
2.5
2.4
3.7

41.6
40.5
41.0
39.8
41.4
40.3
44.3
41.5
43.2
43.2

39.5

3.5
3.2
2.8
3.6
4.7
2.7
4.1
3.8
4.1
3.2

2.3
1.9
1.7
1.8
3.7
2.6
2.4
2.6
3.1
2.6

3.4
2.7
2.9
2.0
3.2
2.8
3.8
5.0
4.7
4.4

3.9
3.3
3.0
3.3
4.1
3.6
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.6

—

-

-

I
!

-

4.4
4.7
-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Goods-producing
Mining

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

13.27

13.63

13.73

13.69

544.66

520.18

564.28

573.91

553.08

15.54

15.63

15.66

15.93

16.18

699.30

684.59

712.53

734.37

716.77

754.72
793.71
696.01

754.36
814.35
732.09

773.43
817.91
728.02

796.98
838.54
730.49

-

846.08
860.70

843.94
860.96

864.34
878.60

891.04
906.45

-

663.17
827.48
565.03

646.05
802.05
550.35

669.86
826.08
585.92

700.12
906.78
588.89

-

611.10
589.74

578.43
511.87

651.00
640.58

647.27
646.25

-

559.31

604.89

602.14

10
101
102

16.96
18.08
15.23

16.99
18.55
15.38

17.78
19.11
16.36

17.75
18.47
16.09

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

18.76
19.00

18.88
19.09

18.79
19.10

19.08
19.41

_

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

14.77
19.47
12.23

14.75
19.28
12.23

14.82
19.81
12.44

15.22
20.75
12.45

_

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

13.49
12.71

13.61
12.67

13.94
13.29

13.89
13.27

_

Construction

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

569.55

15.13

15.24

15.59

15.64

15.69

576.45

_

553.66
487.40
548.96
616.20

536.56
469.84
549.15
600.19

562.02
496.55
557.82
625.66

569.21
496.30
545.93
637.20

586.28
560.60
595.71

575.91
546.64
584.75

645.33
636.76
649.04

612.54
594.05
619.89

581.57
637.20
497.73
680.10
515.61
526.75
424.32

562.32
602.45
488.09
639.54
516.26
505.92
411.59

607.31
637.39
518.26
686.81
551.07
564.12
475.39

610.66
651.02
524.40
708.88
563.92
557.71
460.66

529.20
562.39
415.72
453.19
434.48
453.86
362.70
419.23
415.84
392.58
380.42
552.15
303.42
405.96
416.32
403.68

503.87
539.06
396.81
452.28
420.29
442.26
341.46
395.78
400.79
345.72
366.46
546.69
292.39
366.77
376.97
384.15

544.35
578.72
433.37
490.36
451.34
470.05
380.97
439.43
445.88
408.80
393.98
569.80
317.38
412.42
420.42
415.48

559.82
596.51
436.07
472.01
459.65
477.12
392.20
444.94
438.95
423.32
413.66
582.44
327.89
410.27
418.29
420.21

542.41
575.61
417.25

407.00
380.55
358.90
409.54
391.78
381.92
457.97
424.54
459.90
408.03

358.00
323.19
299.37
339.36
350.21
363.64
384.47
405.12
434.41
388.31

415.31
380.24
366.56
400.05
365.09
396.54
468.72
461.44
479.52
431.81

433.06
399.74
382.53
427.45
379.22
425.57
506.35
476.84
475.63
453.17

410.41

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

14.57
13.39
14.04
15.60

14.66
13.54
14.19
15.63

14.79
13.53
14.23
15.92

14.94
13.71
14.18
16.01

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

14.23
13.98
14.32

14.47
14.31
14.51

15.22
15.27
15.20

14.76
14.56
14.83

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

15.55
16.01
14.10
16.96
15.30
14.88
13.26

15.62
15.98
14.23
16.83
15.55
14.88
13.32

15.94
16.26
14.16
17.30
15.70
15.67
13.70

16.07
16.44
14.25
17.46
15.93
15.71
13.71

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

12.60
13.14
10.29
11.65
10.52
10.91
9.00
10.25
10.37
9.79
8.93
12.38
7.82
10.49
10.73
9.87

12.66
13.18
10.28
11.45
10.56
10.92
9.13
10.28
10.41
9.63
8.96
12.51
7.86
10.39
10.53
9.85

12.93
13.49
10.57
11.96
10.67
11.06
9.18
10.64
10.77
10.22
9.27
12.95
8.18
10.74
10.92
10.06

13.08
13.65
10.61
11.98
10.79
11.20
9.25
10.67
10.68
10.35
9.38
13.03
8.28
10.74
10.95
10.15

13.07
13.64
10.59

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

10.00
9.49
8.95
10.29
9.24
9.92
10.93
10.38
10.95
10.05

10.00
9.45
8.99
10.13
9.12
9.99
10.65
10.55
10.97
10.30

10.28
9.70
9.28
10.50
9.15
10.22
11.16
11.20
11.10
10.38

10.41
9.87
9.33
10.74
9.16
10.56
11.43
11.49
11.01
10.49

10.39




Nov.
1996

13.22

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Jan.
1996

$11.61 $11.71 $12.01 $12.06 $12.12 $400.55 $391.11 $414.35 $420.89 $410.87

Total private

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Dec.
1995

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Average overtime hours
Jan.
1997p

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

42.6
44.3
43.4
45.1
42.1
43.0
43.9
41.4
41.2
42.2
44.5
42.8
40.3
43.4
41.8
46.1

40.9
44.9
42.7
43.9
41.8
39.5
45.2
39.4
39.8
40.1
39.7
40.8
38.3
41.8
40.7
40.6

43.5
45.6
43.3
44.3
42.6
41.7
44.9
42.1
41.7
44.5
45.9
43.8
44.0
43.2
43.3
46.1

43.2
47.2
43.1
44.4
42.1
42.5
45.1
42.3
41.6
43.2
44.6
43.3
41.9
44.1
44.3
47.6

40.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

44.4
44.6
45.0
44.9
44.1
44.3
43.5
43.3
43.7
43.5
45.2
45.7
47.8
44.1
43.3
42.8

43.4
44.3
45.0
41.8
42.8
43.4
40.2
41.0
43.5
43.0
43.5
44.3
45.4
42.0
42.2
41.1

44.5
45.1
45.7
44.1
45.1
45.6
45.0
43.6
43.4
42.5
44.8
44.9
46.6
44.4
42.9
43.1

45.3
45.4
45.8
45.5
46.6
47.3
44.9
44.0
43.8
43.0
45.5
46.2
46.7
44.9
44.1
44.0

44.6
45.1

43.2
42.7
43.4
43.1
43.1
42.9
43.6
43.5
42.9
43.0
44.2
41.3
44.5
42.0
42.0
43.6
43.0
44.3
44.7
43.8
46.3
42.3
41.8
41.3
42.5
42.3
42.0
42.7
43.1
41.6

40.9
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.8
40.9
39.8
41.7
37.4
40.4
41.5
37.7
42.2
39.8
39.6
42.3
41.4
43.4
42.6
42.8
43.8
40.5
39.8
39.1
40.9
41.1
42.1
40.4
39.7
38.3

42.9
43.4
43.8
43.3
43.6
42.8
42.4
43.2
43.4
42.7
44.0
41.7
43.9
41.9
41.0
43.8
42.9
44.8
43.9
44.5
44.3
42.6
42.2
41.8
42.8
41.6
42.2
42.4
42.5
40.9

43.7
43.8
44.3
44.1
43.4
43.9
45.2
47.2
43.1
43.2
44.2
40.8
45.6
42.5
41.5
44.8
43.5
46.2
44.7
45.2
45.4
42.9
43.0
42.7
43.5
41.8
42.8
43.1
43.9
41.5

42.1

Fabricated metal products
34
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
3411
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
Hardware, nec
3429
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3432
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
Fabricated structural metal
3441
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
3446
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
Metal forgings and stampings
346
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
3465
Metal stampings, nec
3469
Metal services, nec
347
Plating and polishing
3471
Metal coating and allied services
3479
Ordnance and accessories, nec
348
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
3483
Misc. fabricated metal products
349
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
3494
Misc. fabricated wire products
3496




-

-

-

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

5.2
6.5
4.5
5.7
3.5
4.5
4.3
4.7
4.3
6.0
6.4
5.5
5.8
5.0
3.4
5.6

4.6
7.6
4.6
5.7
3.8
3.5
6.0
3.6
3.9
5.2
4.2
5.0
4.8
4.4
3.4
3.4

5.9
7.2
5.2
6.1
4.6
3.9
4.8
5.0
4.6
7.3
7.9
6.3
7.6
5.6
4.5
5.9

5.7
8.0
4.9
6.3
3.9
4.6
5.1
5.0
4.6
6.5
7.2
5.7
6.5
5.8
4.7
5.3

6.2
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.8
7.1
4.6
6.1
6.2
6.9
7.1
7.7
6.6
5.3
5.0

6.1
6.4
6.8
5.4
6.0
6.5
6.4
4.4
5.8
5.9
6.5
7.3
7.9
5.7
4.9
4.9

6.5
6.6
7.0
6.2
6.3
7.0
5.1
5.0
6.0
6.1
7.4
8.2
7.8
7.1
5.0
5.2

6.6
6.2
6.3
7.5
7.0
7.9
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.7
7.7
8.7
7.0
7.3
5.6
5.7

5.2
5.6
5.7
4.5
4.1
4.6
4.9
4.2
4.2
5.1
6.0
3.1
6.4
4.5
3.7
5.4
5.0
5.9
6.4
5.9
7.7
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.8
4.1
3.2
4.8
4.3
4.0

4.3
5.0
5.1
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.0
4.0
2.6
4.0
4.9
2.6
5.3
3.5
2.7
5.2
4.5
6.1
5.5
5.6
6.4
3.7
3.8
3.5
4.3
3.7
3.1
3.9
3.6
3.0

5.1
6.3
6.2
4.7
4.8
4.3
4.7
4.1
6.1
5.0
6.2
4.2
5.5
4.3
3.6
5.6
4.8
6.5
5.8
6.1
6.2
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.3
3.5
3.7
4.5
4.8
4.1

5.5
5.7
5.7
5.1
4.8
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.8
5.2
6.4
3.9
6.3
4.4
4.0
6.3
5.2
7.6
6.5
7.0
7.2
4.9
5.5
5.2
6.0
3.8
3.8
4.9
5.0
4.2

Jan.
1997p

-

_
-

_
-

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nec
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nec
347
Metal services, nec
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nec
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

$12.53 $12.60 $12.95 $12.95 $13.04 $533.78 $515.34 $563.33 $559.44 $530.73
779.68 793.83 834.02 859.51
17.60 17.68 18.29 18.21
616.28 602.92 635.64 635.73
14.20 14.12 14.68 14.75
658.01 645.33 676.02 685.54
14.59 14.70 15.26 15.44
583.93 570.15 606.62 598.66
13.87 13.64 14.24 14.22
474.29 443.59 490.39 503.63
11.03 11.23 11.76 11.85
725.67 758.46 788.44 772.56
16.53 16.78 17.56 17.13
458.30 438.92 479.94 485.18
11.07 11.14 11.40 11.47
451.96 433.02 464.96 468.00
10.97 10.88 11.15 11.25
504.29 478.79 550.47 528.77
11.95 11.94 12.37 12.24
490.84 447.02 540.70 523.16
11.03 11.26 11.78 11.73
469.09 443.09 478.30 475.43
10.96 10.86 10.92 10.98
504.15 481.43 579.48 542.19
12.51 12.57 13.17 12.94
568.11 547.16 579.31 593.15
13.09 13.09 13.41 13.45
480.28 477.00 494.05 512.99
11.49 11.72 11.41 11.58
710.40 623.21 717.78 739.70
15.41 15.35 15.57 15.54
14.70
17.35
18.68
13.92
13.36
14.10
16.18
12.20
15.97
15.78
13.88
13.80
15.77
14.15
11.69
11.01

14.85
17.66
19.08
13.90
13.42
14.16
17.58
12.20
15.75
15.37
14.03
13.85
16.92
14.13
11.67
10.93

15.19
18.11
19.69
14.11
13.62
14.48
16.31
12.38
16.80
17.18
14.34
14.29
16.73
14.38
11.95
11.37

15.16
17.95
19.41
14.44
13.71
14.53
16.45
12.69
16.46
16.70
14.46
14.42
16.62
14.67
12.07
11.41

15.19
17.78

12.39
16.04
16.97
12.35
11.40
12.51
11.12
10.48
11.11
11.64
11.55
9.85
13.02
11.86
10.97
12.22
11.52
13.00
14.54
13.98
16.58
11.61
10.40
10.31
10.55
14.15
14.90
11.75
12.03
10.44

12.35
15.92
16.86
12.17
11.48
12.13
10.98
10.61
11.08
11.54
11.37
9.85
12.88
11.78
10.78
12.34
11.65
13.10
14.52
13.95
16.56
11.63
10.37
10.30
10.47
14.32
15.05
11.70
12.01
10.31

12.58
16.05
16.93
12.60
11.77
12.59
11.58
11.15
11.82
11.88
11.99
10.18
13.11
12.08
11.24
12.52
11.89
13.19
14.66
14.19
16.71
11.95
10.58
10.37
10.91
14.50
15.68
12.01
12.19
10.70

12.76
16.22
17.10
12.64
11.78
12.64
11.57
11.26
11.74
12.06
12.03
10.23
13.35
12.30
11.65
12.75
12.06
13.47
14.93
14.26
17.12
12.06
10.73
10.63
10.88
14.71
15.68
12.21
12.39
10.86

12.73

-

-

652.68
773.81
840.60
625.01
589.18
624.63
703.83
528.26
697.89
686.43
627.38
630.66
753.81
624.02
506.18
471.23

644.49
782.34
858.60
581.02
574.38
614.54
706.72
500.20
685.13
660.91
610.31
613.56
768.17
593.46
492.47
449.22

675.96
816.76
899.83
622.25
614.26
660.29
733.95
539.77
729.12
730.15
642.43
641.62
779.62
638.47
512.66
490.05

686.75
814.93
888.98
657.02
638.89
687.27
738.61
558.36
720.95
718.10
657.93
666.20
776.15
658.68
532.29
502.04

677.47
801.88

535.25
684.91
736.50
532.29
491.34
536.68
484.83
455.88
476.62
500.52
510.51
406.81
579.39
498.12
460.74
532.79
495.36
575.90
649.94
612.32
767.65
491.10
434.72
425.80
448.38
598.55
625.80
501.73
518.49
434.30

505.12
643.17
687.89
496.54
468.38
496.12
437.00
442.44
414.39
466.22
471.86
371.35
543.54
468.84
426.89
521.98
482.31
568.54
618.55
597.06
725.33
471.02
412.73
402.73
428.22
588.55
633.61
472.68
476.80
394.87

539.68
696.57
741.53
545.58
513.17
538.85
490.99
481.68
512.99
507.28
527.56
424.51
575.53
506.15
460.84
548.38
510.08
590.91
643.57
631.46
740.25
509.07
446.48
433.47
466.95
603.20
661.70
509.22
518.08
437.63

557.61
710.44
757.53
557.42
511.25
554.90
522.96
531.47
505.99
520.99
531.73
417.38
608.76
522.75
483.48
571.20
524.61
622.31
667.37
644.55
777.25
517.37
461.39
453.90
473.28
614.88
671.10
526.25
543.92
450.69

535.93

-

-

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

44.1
45.8
43.2
46.8
42.4
42.5
45.1
43.4
44.1
49.0
44.2
44.0
44.3
45.3
47.1
44.4
44.0
39.5
43.8
41.9
43.9
43.1
44.2
44.3
45.9
44.0
43.8
42.6
43.6
43.5
44.2

42.3
43.4
40.2
44.6
42.3
41.9
43.5
42.9
42.2
47.7
41.5
41.0
43.1
43.6
45.8
43.0
42.6
39.5
41.7
38.2
41.5
41.7
41.7
41.9
42.6
43.9
40.8
41.5
39.8
41.6
41.7

43.3
44.6
43.0
45.2
42.5
42.9
44.8
43.5
43.9
50.3
43.4
41.3
43.7
44.1
45.0
43.8
43.3
41.3
42.9
42.3
41.7
42.6
43.1
42.4
43.3
43.0
43.8
43.5
41.7
42.0
42.1

44.5
45.8
44.7
46.2
43.6
44.0
45.8
44.3
44.5
51.8
44.6
43.1
45.1
44.9
46.6
45.4
44.2
42.7
44.1
42.9
43.1
44.2
44.8
44.3
45.1
44.0
44.9
46.2
43.4
43.2
43.7

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

43.1
44.4
44.4
43.5
45.7
43.2

41.5
41.2
41.6
42.0
41.8
41.9

40.8
42.7
42.6
43.1
42.4
42.9

41.8
44.3
44.8
43.8
42.8
43.6

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

42.3
41.7
41.0
42.5
42.2
42.2
41.9
41.2
40.5
39.4
41.6
41.9
43.4
41.2
42.7
40.8
40.3
41.5
44.2
46.7
42.0
39.8
40.7
42.4
43.4
45.4
42.7

40.4
40.1
40.5
39.7
40.4
40.5
39.6
38.9
41.0
37.4
38.3
39.9
43.3
39.3
40.6
37.8
37.5
38.1
42.0
44.5
40.6
40.1
40.7
40.5
41.0
40.2
41.5

42.1
42.1
41.6
42.7
41.6
41.1
41.5
42.1
41.2
42.9
43.0
43.0
44.8
42.5
43.6
40.7
41.3
41.6
42.8
44.0
41.6
40.7
40.5
42.3
42.6
44.5
42.3

43.0
42.8
42.5
43.0
42.8
43.0
41.8
42.7
41.9
42.5
41.8
43.4
45.7
42.2
43.7
41.8
40.8
39.6
44.3
45.3
42.6
36.4
42.0
43.7
43.6
44.8
43.8

Jan.
1997p
43.3
-

-

-

-

-

-

41.4
-

-

-

-

-

-

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
4.2
4.4
6.0
5.0
5.5
9.0
5.8
4.8
6.4
6.5
7.6
6.9
5.4
3.8
5.5
3.7
5.5
5.3
5.7
5.9
6.7
5.2
5.0
5.9
5.0
4.3
4.4

4.8
3.9
3.2
4.2
4.2
3.8
5.3
5.1
4.3
8.1
4.7
3.4
5.8
5.8
7.3
6.2
4.9
3.0
4.7
2.5
4.6
4.3
4.8
4.3
5.9
4.6
3.7
4.8
5.1
3.2
2.1

5.2
5.8
5.9
5.8
4.6
5.0
6.1
4.9
5.4
10.3
6.0
3.8
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.6
4.8
4.4
4.9
3.6
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.2
5.6
4.8
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.0
1.8

5.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
5.7
6.1
6.8
6.0
5.9
10.6
6.2
5.0
6.9
6.7
7.2
7.5
5.4
4.9
5.6
3.9
4.9
6.0
5.9
6.3
6.9
6.1
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.9
3.3

4.8
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.6

5.4
4.4
4.6
5.2
5.6
5.2

3.6
4.4
4.4
5.4
5.4
5.4

3.9
5.1
5.2
5.9
5.9
5.8

4.6
4.5
3.5
5.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
3.1
1.9
3.5
3.2
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.4
3.3
4.1
3.9
4.6
5.4
5.0
3.4
5.4
4.8
5.8
7.1
5.5

3.8
3.6
2.7
4.5
3.6
3.9
3.1
2.2
1.6
1.9
2.8
3.3
3.9
3.2
2.6
2.0
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.6
4.4
3.2
5.2
3.8
4.7
4.9
5.0

4.3
4.4
3.4
5.5
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.4
1.5
3.2
4.2
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.3
3.6
4.8
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.9
6.2
4.5

4.8
4.8
3.6
6.0
3.9
3.6
4.2
3.8
2.2
2.8
3.9
5.0
5.7
4.6
3.7
4.2
4.6
3.9
5.0
5.4
4.8
3.5
4.9
4.6
5.6
6.6
5.7

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

$13.47 $13.45 $13.81 $13.99 $13.94 $594.03 $568.93 $597.97 $622.56 $603.60
757.53 699.17 739.47 787.76
16.54 16.11 16.58 17.20
790.99 705.91 815.71 868.07
18.31 17.56 18.97 19.42
745.99 697.54 711.45 758.14
15.94 15.64 15.74 16.41
549.93 547.36 590.33 615.63
12.97 12.94 13.89 14.12
589.90 585.76 632.35 670.12
13.88 13.98 14.74 15.23
583.14 566.37 594.05 614.64
12.93 13.02 13.26 13.42
583.73 587.30 590.73 611.78
13.45 13.69 13.58 13.81
618.72 581.94 637.87 645.70
14.03 13.79 14.53 14.51
605.64 597.20 652.39 676.51
12.36 12.52 12.97 13.06
566.64 532.03 578.52 598.09
12.82 12.82 13.33 13.41
532.84 486.26 509.23 542.63
12.11 11.86 12.33 12.59
631.72 615.47 638.89 667.03
14.26 14.28 14.62 14.79
649.15 624.35 638.57 660.03
14.33 14.32 14.48 14.70
687.66 672.80 686.25 715.78
14.60 14.69 15.25 15.36
658.90 640.27 667.07 700.07
14.84 14.89 15.23 15.42
553.52 535.91 557.27 575.04
12.58 12.58 12.87 13.01
471.63 480.72 507.99 526.06
11.94 12.17 12.30 12.32
609.70 580.05 610.90 633.28
13.92 13.91 14.24 14.36
500.71 458.40 523.25 535.82
11.95 12.00 12.37 12.49
688.35 641.18 635.09 660.72
15.68 15.45 15.23 15.33
594.35 574.63 598.10 624.10
13.79 13.78 14.04 14.12
582.11 552.94 585.73 611.97
13.17 13.26 13.59 13.66
630.83 592.05 615.65 641.02
14.24 14.13 14.52 14.47
650.40 608.75 636.08 671.54
14.17 14.29 14.69 14.89
585.64 596.60 604.58 617.76
13.31 13.59 14.06 14.04
477.86 449.62 499.32 510.51
10.91 11.02 11.40 11.37
667.13
609.18 593.87 628.58
14.30 14.31 14.45 14.44
558.95 520.58 546.27 571.58
12.82 13.08 13.10 13.17
620.78
594.65 560.77 593.04
13.67 13.48 14.12 14.37
661.23 622.16 651.29 689.59
14.96 14.92 15.47 15.78

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

14.07
12.40
12.60
13.03
13.87
12.78

13.67
12.26
12.52
13.03
14.20
12.75

13.34
12.44
12.69
13.32
14.03
13.11

13.43
12.65
12.88
13.50
14.47
13.26

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

11.93
11.61
10.74
12.47
11.33
10.72
12.70
11.76
13.45
13.79
9.36
11.91
13.05
11.93
11.08
8.67
10.91
11.18
12.42
13.94
11.76
13.52
14.97
9.95
13.31
14.73
13.74

11.95
11.69
10.81
12.63
11.30
10.71
12.54
11.79
13.45
13.60
9.43
11.97
13.34
11.95
11.01
8.61
10.82
10.96
12.26
13.65
11.90
13.52
15.19
9.98
13.10
14.33
13.59

12.35
12.25
11.26
13.24
11.72
11.00
12.99
12.20
13.71
14.08
9.83
12.50
15.08
12.63
11.44
8.79
10.36
10.45
13.38
14.42
12.12
13.60
15.72
10.24
13.44
14.92
13.57

12.52
12.38
11.49
13.29
11.91
11.21
13.25
12.27
13.99
14.22
9.97
12.68
15.35
12.66
11.35
8.94
10.32
10.29
13.75
15.01
12.25
14.41
15.79
10.42
13.66
15.15
13.85

-

12.48
-

606.42
550.56
559.44
566.81
633.86
552.10

567.31
505.11
520.83
547.26
593.56
534.23

544.27
531.19
540.59
574.09
594.87
562.42

561.37
560.40
577.02
591.30
619.32
578.14

504.64
484.14
440.34
529.98
478.13
452.38
532.13
484.51
544.73
543.33
389.38
499.03
566.37
491.52
473.12
353.74
439.67
463.97
548.96
651.00
493.92
538.10
609.28
421.88
577.65
668.74
586.70

482.78
468.77
437.81
501.41
456.52
433.76
496.58
458.63
551.45
508.64
361.17
477.60
577.62
469.64
447.01
325.46
405.75
417.58
514.92
607.43
483.14
542.15
618.23
404.19
537.10
576.07
563.99

519.94
515.73
468.42
565.35
487.55
452.10
539.09
513.62
564.85
604.03
422.69
537.50
675.58
536.78
498.78
357.75
427.87
434.72
572.66
634.48
504.19
553.52
636.66
433.15
572.54
663.94
574.01

538.36
529.86
488.33
571.47
509.75
482.03
553.85
523.93
586.18
604.35
416.75
550.31
701.50
534.25
496.00
373.69
421.06
407.48
609.13
679.95
521.85
524.52
663.18
455.35
595.58
678.72
606.63

-

516.67
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

43.9
45.5
45.6
44.7
45.9
40.9
39.3
34.0
46.2
41.8
42.7
43.5
41.3
44.8
43.9
44.5
39.7
38.0

42.3
43.4
43.2
41.7
43.9
40.9
40.8
40.0
41.8
41.2
39.8
40.3
38.8
43.5
41.8
42.7
39.2
37.9

44.5
45.2
45.7
43.3
45.5
40.8
44.6
43.7
45.2
45.3
42.3
44.0
39.8
44.4
43.9
44.4
38.5
37.8

45.6
46.5
47.1
45.1
46.8
42.8
45.7
44.4
47.2
46.4
42.7
44.4
39.9
43.7
44.2
44.9
39.6
37.8

44.4
45.4

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

42.1
42.5
43.1
43.2
44.8
42.3
41.3
41.3
40.5
39.9
42.7
42.1

40.4
40.9
40.9
41.7
40.8
40.5
39.6
38.9
39.1
37.9
43.1
38.3

42.2
43.6
42.4
42.3
42.9
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.4
41.0
43.5
41.7

43.0
45.1
43.7
43.8
43.7
43.4
42.0
42.0
41.9
41.8
43.4
42.0

41.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

40.1
39.1
38.4
42.8
39.7
38.3
40.4
39.4
40.1
39.6
40.6
40.4

37.6
35.7
34.6
40.1
37.2
35.9
37.9
37.2
35.4
35.7
38.5
39.2

40.7
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.8
38.9
41.8
41.0
40.4
40.3
40.4
41.0

40.9
40.1
39.9
41.8
41.1
38.8
42.4
41.8
41.5
41.3
40.7
41.4

39.5

40.8

38.4

41.2

41.3
40.3
43.0
41.5
38.4
42.0
40.9
42.6
41.1
44.4
39.2
39.0
45.5
46.3
43.5

39.3
38.9
42.0
41.0
36.5
41.4
40.6
42.3
40.2
44.8
37.7
39.5
43.2
42.6
43.4

41.8
41.3
43.9
42.7
39.3
41.5
40.7
43.1
40.5
43.3
40.4
39.0
47.1
47.2
44.6

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996"

6.3
7.1
7.3
6.5
7.5
3.5
5.4
4.1
6.8
6.1
4.4
4.9
3.7
4.7
4.8
5.3
2.4
1.5

5.1
5.7
5.1
5.4
6.5
3.1
4.6
3.8
5.0
5.4
3.9
4.6
2.8
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.7
1.8

6.5
6.8
7.2
5.7
7.1
3.2
7.9
8.3
8.0
7.2
4.3
5.2
3.0
4.8
4.3
4.2
2.7
1.7

7.2
7.8
8.1
6.2
8.1
4.5
8.0
8.2
7.7
7.9
4.6
5.5
3.0
4.7
4.7
4.9
2.9
1.7

4.0
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.5
2.2
7.2
3.4

3.5
3.0
3.3
3.9
3.3
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.8
1.4
8.3
2.1

4.1
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.7
2.8
8.8
2.9

4.5
4.8
4.2
4.8
4.7
3.4
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.0
8.3
2.7

-

3.3
3.2
3.3
4.0
3.1
2.2
3.5
2.6
2.5
2.1
3.7
3.8

2.6
1.4
1.1
3.4
2.6
1.8
3.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
3.2
3.3

3.7
4.0
4.3
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.4

3.6
3.8
4.2
2.7
2.9
2.3
3.3
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.9
4.2

41.6

40.5

4.1

3.5

4.4

4.5

42.1
40.8
43.3
41.8
39.1
41.8
41.1
42.8
42.8
44.3
41.4
42.1
47.4
46.6
44.9

40.7

4.7
4.4
5.6
5.3
3.4
4.8
4.4
5.1
4.4
6.2
3.0
3.4
7.2
7.4
6.8

4.3
4.2
5.1
5.5
3.2
4.7
4.0
5.4
4.4
9.1
3.1
3.1
6.6
5.7
7.1

5.2
5.0
6.2
6.1
4.0
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.4
5.1
4.0
4.0
8.4
8.7
6.9

5.1
4.4
5.6
5.5
3.3
5.0
4.8
5.2
5.4
6.9
3.8
5.0
8.2
7.2
7.2

-

-

-

-

-

—

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.1
-

-

-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

12.89
16.65
12.77
11.48
12.25
14.33
11.84
11.41
10.99
9.39
15.52
9.41

12.99
16.65
12.86
11.60
12.51
14.53
11.91
11.67
10.95
9.53
15.64
9.52

13.33
16.94
13.32
11.81
12.89
15.27
12.23
11.55
11.40
10.09
15.98
9.51

13.41
17.04
13.40
11.80
13.02
15.29
12.35
11.66
11.50
10.05
15.94
9.44

13.45

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

10.28
10.50
10.61
10.56
9.63
9.30
9.78
11.08
8.98
7.85
10.76
11.24

10.32
10.42
10.48
10.88
9.80
9.16
10.10
10.78
9.10
8.03
10.72
11.18

10.54
10.89
11.02
10.45
10.01
9.35
10.34
10.93
9.17
8.09
10.97
11.48

10.62
11.02
11.20
10.61
9.96
9.33
10.26
10.92
9.27
8.20
11.15
11.56

10.59

11.84

11.92

12.12

12.25

11.18
9.04
9.63
10.52
8.12
12.55
11.27
13.24
10.84
14.22
11.54
10.17
14.09
12.36
11.06

11.09
9.03
9.67
10.45
8.09
12.60
11.35
13.34
10.88
14.32
11.75
10.09
13.54
12.07
11.12

11.41
9.29
10.01
10.56
8.36
13.01
11.56
13.74
10.77
14.24
11.29
10.12
14.44
12.57
11.30

11.48
9.28
10.01
10.64
8.30
13.01
11.65
13.65
10.99
14.67
11.99
10.03
14.45
12.37
11.24

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

$16.92 $16.92 $17.38 $17.62 $17.53 $742.79 $715.72 $773.41 $803.47 $778.33
17.60 17.48 17.93 18.20 18.10 800.80 758.63 810.44 846.30 821.74
938.45 884.30 971.58 1,014.06
20.58 20.47 21.26 21.53
660.22 629.67 677.21 703.11
14.77 15.10 15.64 15.59
755.51 720.40 750.75 783.43
16.46 16.41 16.50 16.74
435.59 437.22 450.43 478.50
10.65 10.69 11.04 11.18
701.51 747.46 834.91 860.53
17.85 18.32 18.72 18.83

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

$17.67 $17.61 $18.56 $18.42
15.55 15.99 16.52 16.68
12.81 12.82 12.80 12.87
14.22 14.28 14.08 14.08
10.31 10.30 10.62 10.76
15.17 15.37 16.80 16.94
18.08 18.01 19.00 19.24

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

$11.35 $11.43 $11.43 $11.54
11.28 11.35 11.24 11.32

-

-

-

-

-

$816.35 $736.10 $838.91 $869.42
649.99 658.79 748.36 773.95
546.99 510.24 541.44 549.55
618.57 575.48 619.52 625.15
425.80 399.64 422.68 429.32
679.62 668.60 745.92 740.28
793.71 752.82 834.10 850.41
-

-

-

-

$450.60 $448.06 $440.06 $456.98
428.64 430.17 424.87 427.90

-

542.67
707.63
550.39
495.94
548.80
606.16
488.99
471.23
445.10
374.66
662.70
396.16

524.80
680.99
525.97
483.72
510.41
588.47
471.64
453.96
428.15
361.19
674.08
364.62

562.53
738.58
564.77
499.56
552.98
632.18
508.77
477.02
471.96
413.69
695.13
396.57

576.63
768.50
585.58
516.84
568.97
663.59
518.70
489.72
481.85
420.09
691.80
396.48

560.87

412.23
410.55
407.42
451.97
382.31
356.19
395.11
43Q.55
360.10
310.86
436.86
454.10

388.03
371.99
362.61
436.29
364.56
328.84
382.79
401.02
322.14
286.67
412.72
438.26

428.98
446.49
450.72
430.54
408.41
363.72
432.21
448.13
370.47
326.03
443.19
470.68

434.36
441.90
446.88
443.50
409.36
362.00
435.02
456.46
384.71
338.66
453.81
478.58

418.31

12.23

483.07

457.73

499.34

509.60

495.32

11.41

461.73
364.31
414.09
436.58
311.81
527.10
460.94
564.02
445.52
631.37
452.37
396.63
641.10
572.27
481.11

435.84
351.27
406.14
428.45
295.29
521.64
460.81
564.28
437.38
641.54
442.98
398.56
584.93
514.18
482.61

476.94
383.68
439.44
450.91
328.55
539.92
470.49
592.19
436.19
616.59
456.12
394.68
680.12
593.30
503.98

483.31
378.62
433.43
444.75
324.53
543.82
478.82
584.22
470.37
649.88
496.39
422.26
684.93
576.44
504.68

464.39

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

205
2051

40.0
39.9

37.1
38.0

41.7
40.7

41.1
40.6

4.5
4.8

3.6
4.1

5.4
5.3

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.1
42.4
55.9
47.1
42.0
40.3
46.5
42.5
48.4
40.0
39.9

35.4
38.7
49.6
38.2
42.9
37.0
45.3
39.6
43.7
37.7
36.5

43.5
42.6
60.6
52.5
41.5
40.2
46.4
43.4
51.0
40.4
39.4

42.1
43.1
58.4
49.1
43.1
41.6
45.7
44.3
50.6
41.6
39.4

3.9
4.8
10.1
3.8
3.6
7.7
4.3
6.4
4.1
4.0

2.7
4.2
14.1
6.9
4.5
3.5
7.3
4.1
6.6
3.2
3.2

5.5
5.4
21.2
17.0
4.1
3.4
7.6
5.3
9.8
3.9
4.4

Tobacco products ,
Cigarettes

21

39.1
38.3

35.8
37.2

41.2
41.3

42.1
42.3

39.0

211

3.7
4.2

4.3
5.8

4.4
5.1

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics .
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ....
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

40.6
42.0
41.1
39.1
38.5
38.7
39.5
37.0
39.8
33.7
39.9
42.3
43.2
40.9
43.7
40.3
40.7
37.7
41.6

36.0
38.1
36.1
39.6
33.1
33.2
34.8
29.8
34.4
26.7
36.9
36.3
36.0
36.1
38.2
36.6
37.3
34.0
38.9

41.6
42.7
41.6
40.6
40.3
40.8
41.0
39.0
41.2
40.1
42.3
43.4
44.5
42.4
42.5
41.4
41.7
38.9
41.2

41.9
42.7
42.0
42.4
39.5
40.1
39.7
38.7
40.0
38.1
42.6
44.2
45.5
42.6
43.7
41.8
42.2
38.9
42.7

40.9

4.2
5.9
4.3
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.0
1.6
3.5
5.0
5.2
4.7
5.6
4.0
4.1
3.4
4.2

3.0
4.5
2.9
4.6

4.7

3.4

5.0
4.8
3.2
3.9
4.6
3.4
3.9
2.7
4.6
6.0
6.4
5.4
5.2
4.3
4.5
3.3
4.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts ..
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses ....
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses .
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.3
36.7
36.2
35.0
36.4
35.5
36.5
35.0
36.3
34.7
37.1
34.9
34.3
37.1
37.8
36.4
37.3
39.8
38.5
39.1
41.5

33.3
30.4
32.8
31.0
33.8
31.9
32.6
28.6
33.5
31.0
33.3
32.1
31.6
33.9
32.9
32.0
32.0
35.4
31.8
32.9
38.8

37.7
36.6
37.4
36.5
36.7
37.5
36.6
35.9
38.0
34.6
36.7
37.8
37.8
37.9
37.4
37.0
38.7
39.1
38.0
39.3
38.9

38.0
37.5
37.4
35.9
36.5
38.3
36.6
34.7
38.2
35.0
36.9
37.3
36.8
39.2
38.0
37.0
39.0
40.0
38.5
40.2
40.4

37.0

1.9
1.4
1.3

1.5

2.2

.8

1.6
1.6

1.6

1.0

1.1
1.1

1.7

.6
.9
1.4

.8

.8

1.1

1.7
1.5
1.9

1.3
1.3

1.1
.8

.9
.7

1.9
1.5
1.9
2.5

2.3
2.6
2.3

1.8
2.1

Paper and allied products .
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

43.7
45.9
45.7

41.7
44.9
44.5

44.1
46.2
44.3

44.5
46.5
45.4

43.5




18.1

1.2

1.6

1.9
1.9
1.4
2.0
1.2
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.7
3.1
3.3
2.1

.9

1.6

1.9
.9
2.4
.7

6.1

1.5
1.3
1.5
1.8

2.1

3.7
2.5
2.6
1.9
3.2

3.3
2.3
3.4
3.8

3.1

3.9
2.9

5.4
6.4
7.0

4.8
6.2
6.9

5.9
7.0
7.6

1.8

2.2

Dec.
1996p

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

-

12.14
12.12
12.31
17.67
12.49
11.09
12.29
16.06
21.16
13.47
10.60

-

11.78
11.76
12.02
16.52
12.79
10.41
11.75
15.78
20.95
12.90
10.09

11.82
12.11
12.13
18.61
12.10
11.01
12.18
16.41
22.47
13.26
10.34

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$483.60 $448.17 $504.99 $503.06
488.38 464.74 499.80 499.38

$12.09 $12.08 $12.11 $12.24
12.24 12.23 12.28 12.30
11.81
11.70
11.15
16.83
12.26
10.60
11.83
15.99
21.29
12.97
10.31

Dec.
1995

-

-

473.58
496.08
623.29
792.69
514.92
427.18
550.10
679.58
1,030.44
518.80
411.37

417.01 514.17 511.09
455.11 515.89 522.37
596.19 735.08 718.90
631.06 977.03 867.60
548.69 502.15 538.32
385.17 442.60 461.34
532.28 565.15 561.65
624.89 712.19 711.46
915.52 1,145.97 1,070.70
486.33 535.70 560.35
368.29 407.40 417.64

Jan.
1997p

-

-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

17.84
23.98

18.51
23.96

18.88
24.78

18.92 $18.92
25.23
-

697.54
918.43

662.66 777.86 796.53 $737.88
891.31 1,023.41 1,067.23
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

9.57
9.96
10.59
9.71
8.78
8.74
8.00
8.63
8.20
8.99
9.60
9.70
9.47
10.17
9.68
9.30
9.27
9.56
10.99

9.56
9.91
10.38
9.98
8.97
8.79
8.11
8.61
8.24
9.25
9.74
9.58
9.32
10.28
9.49
9.33
9.30
9.70
11.04

9.76
10.10
10.76
10.12
9.16
8.86
8.52
8.84
8.31
8.72
9.70
10.02
9.98
10.37
9.92
9.55
9.50
9.84
11.26

9.90
10.27
10.84
10.21
9.20
9.04
8.43
8.94
8.56
8.97
9.93
10.14
10.10
10.47
10.08
9.58
9.54
9.87
11.45

9.90

388.54
418.32
435.25
379.66
338.03
338.24
316.00
319.31
326.36
302.96
383.04
410.31
409.10
415.95
423.02
374.79
377.29
360.41
457.18

344.16
377.57
374.72
395.21
296.91
291.83
282.23
256.58
283.46
246.98
359.41
347.75
335.52
371.11
362.52
341.48
346.89
329.80
429.46

406.02
431.27
447.62
410.87
369.15
361.49
349.32
344.76
342.37
349.67
410.31
434.87
444.11
439.69
421.60
395.37
396.15
382.78
463.91

414.81
438.53
455.28
432.90
363.40
362.50
334.67
345.98
342.40
341.76
423.02
448.19
459.55
446.02
440.50
400.44
402.59
383.94
488.92

404.91

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

7.82
8.15
7.28
7.19
7.32
7.15
7.48
6.57
8.25
8.10
7.32
7.39
7.13
8.19
6.94
6.85
7.25
9.02
7.76
8.25
11.46

7.87
8.19
7.30
7.18
7.22
7.29
7.50
6.77
8.16
8.07
7.33
7.46
7.30
7.93
6.94
6.91
7.23
9.12
7.53
8.15
11.69

8.01
8.30
7.50
7.42
7.60
7.39
7.60
6.68
8.41
7.78
7.49
7.78
7.56
8.55
7.37
7.23
7.67
9.10
7.47
8.59
11.19

8.14
8.37
7.62
7.54
7.67
7.56
7.68
6.84
8.44
7.98
7.55
7.76
7.56
8.40
7.23
7.14
7.66
9.38
7.60
8.49
11.89

8.12

291.69
299.11
263.54
251.65
266.45
253.83
273.02
229.95
299.48
281.07
271.57
257.91
244.56
303.85
262.33
249.34
270.43
359.00
298.76
322.58
475.59

262.07
248.98
239.44
222.58
244.04
232.55
244.50
193.62
273.36
250.17
244.09
239.47
230.68
268.83
228.33
221.12
231.36
322.85
239.45
268.14
453.57

301.98
303.78
280.50
270.83
278.92
277.13
278.16
239.81
319.58
269.19
274.88
294.08
285.77
324.05
275.64
267.51
296.83
355.81
283.86
337.59
435.29

309.32
313.88
284.99
270.69
279.96
289.55
281.09
237.35
322.41
279.30
278.60
289.45
278.21
329.28
274.74
264.18
298.74
375.20
292.60
341.30
480.36

300.44

665.72
873.27
871.23

646.85

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills




26
262
263

14.51
18.38
18.26

14.59
18.29
18.33

14.87
18.75
18.86

14.96
18.78
19.19

-

-

14.87
-

634.09
843.64
834.48

608.40
821.22
815.69

655.77
866.25
835.50

-

-

-

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

5.9
6.3
4.3
6.3
4.8
4.4
5.0
4.8

6.0
6.4
5.0
6.2
5.1
4.5
5.3
5.2

3.2
1.4
3.2
3.8
2.5
5.2
2.3
3.8
3.6
3.8
4.5
2.9
3.5

2.5
1.0
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.8
1.4
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.9
2.0
3.0

3.6
1.7
2.9
3.2
1.8
4.6
2.7
4.3
4.3
3.9
4.4
3.2
4.4

3.6
1.6
3.3
3.9
2.6
5.3
2.5
4.2
4.1
3.9
5.4
3.4
4.4

5.0
6.0
6.4
5.6
6.3
5.2
4.3
4.0
3.6
4.1
3.1
3.7
3.5
6.5
6.9
6.4
6.3
4.9

4.8
5.7
5.9
5.6
6.3
5.1
4.0
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.7
6.3
6.8
6.2
6.2
4.9

5.2
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.1
5.0
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.3
4.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.3
5.2

5.3
6.1
6.1
5.5
5.8
5.3
5.4
5.3
3.8
4.8
3.5
3.5
4.1
6.5
8.0
6.1
5.9
5.4

5.7
5.6
6.1

5.9
6.0
6.1

6.3
5.5
9.0

5.7
5.3
7.3

4.4
5.7
2.4
4.3
3.8
4.2
4.3

3.8
4.9
1.0
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.7

4.4
6.1
1.8
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.2

4.7
6.1
.5
5.3
5.8
5.4
4.5

-

1.9
5.3
1.0
.9
1.1
3.6
1.2

1.7
5.0
1.2
.6
2.2
1.4
1.1

2.4
6.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
2.5
2.6

2.3
6.2
1.6
1.6
1.1
3.0
.8

33.1

32.2

-

-

-

-

-

40.0

39.1

-

-

-

-

-

40.2
40.9
39.2
40.3
40.1
41.2
40.7
39.0

44.1
44.5
43.1
44.1
42.5
44.2
41.9
42.9

44.6
44.9
43.8
44.5
42.6
43.5
42.5
43.2

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.5
33.4
36.9
39.9
38.5
41.4
37.2
39.9
39.6
40.3
42.6
39.9
38.6

36.7
32.0
36.2
37.2
38.1
36.2
35.1
38.2
37.9
38.8
40.3
37.3
36.9

38.7
33.7
36.9
39.0
37.4
40.8
35.8
40.3
40.2
39.9
41.8
40.0
39.5

39.0
34.0
37.9
39.3
37.1
41.7
35.7
40.5
40.4
40.1
43.1
40.9
39.6

37.7

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.9
45.8
46.4
44.6
45.9
45.9
42.7
42.6
42.4
43.9
40.9
42.3
43.3
45.3
45.9
45.2
44.8
44.2

42.4
45.4
45.8
42.7
44.9
42.5
40.7
40.4
39.6
41.9
38.4
38.9
41.5
45.2
44.9
45.3
44.8
42.5

43.7
47.1
47.1
44.4
45.3
44.9
42.0
42.0
41.7
41.7
41.6
41.8
42.6
45.1
45.0
45.1
45.5
43.8

44.4
46.9
47.1
45.2
46.4
45.3
42.5
42.3
43.3
44.4
42.8
43.0
43.7
45.7
48.1
45.2
45.1
44.7

43.6

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.2
43.2
43.3

43.1
43.6
41.8

44.0
44.2
44.0

43.9
44.6
41.9

46.7

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

42.2
44.5
40.2
42.3
42.8
42.4
41.9

40.3
44.1
37.8
41.7
42.3
39.8
39.9

41.6
42.8
41.6
42.5
43.3
42.7
41.3

42.6
45.0
40.7
43.4
43.8
43.9
42.1

41.3

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

38.1
41.6
37.1
37.4
38.0
40.4
36.7

34.6
38.9
33.2
33.4
33.5
34.6
33.9

39.3
42.9
38.1
38.0
38.8
40.1
39.5

39.3
43.1
38.0
37.6
38.8
41.6
37.9

37.5

32.7

31.9

32.6

39.6

38.5

39.9




Nov.
1996

4.2
4.4
3.8
4.6
4.0
3.2
4.2
2.9

43.4
43.7
42.8
43.4
42.0
42.3
42.3
41.4

Transportation and public utilities

Jan.
1996

4.9
5.2
4.0
5.1
4.7
3.9
4.8
3.6

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Service-producing

Dec.
1995

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—
-

-

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$12.13 $12.25 $12.50 $12.62
12.08 12.19 12.53 12.62
11.86 12.25 12.35 12.56
13.06 12.91 13.27 13.36
12.71 12.71 13.09 13.11
14.90 14.71 15.68 15.18
11.50 11.66 11.70 11.93
11.70 11.74 11.87 11.90

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$526.44 $492.45 $551.25 $562.85
527.90 498.57 557.59 566.64
507.61 480.20 532.29 550.13
566.80 520.27 585.21 594.52
533.82 509.67 556.33 558.49
630.27 606.05 693.06 660.33
486.45 474.56 490.23 507.03
484.38 457.86 509.22 514.08

-

Jan.
1997p

-

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

12.49
12.29
13.47
11.92
11.59
12.25
11.76
12.70
12.80
12.39
13.32
9.71
15.55

12.48
12.40
13.30
11.71
11.37
12.10
11.84
12.63
12.79
12.17
13.47
9.78
15.74

12.82
12.69
14.00
12.23
11.71
12.76
12.39
13.03
13.25
12.36
13.69
10.08
15.74

12.91 $12.91
12.69
14.20
12.27
11.77
12.74
12.56
13.15
13.37
12.55
13.81
10.05
15.89
-

480.87
410.49
497.04
475.61
446.22
507.15
437.47
506.73
506.88
499.32
567.43
387.43
600.23

458.02
396.80
481.46
435.61
433.20
438.02
415.58
482.47
484.74
472.20
542.84
364.79
580.81

496.13
427.65
516.60
476.97
437.95
520.61
443.56
525.11
532.65
493.16
572.24
403.20
621.73

503.49 $486.71
431.46
538.18
482.21
436.67
531.26
448.39
532.58
540.15
503.26
595.21
411.05
629.24
-

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

16.06
17.86
18.17
16.61
18.41
14.34
15.49
15.25
13.28
16.52
12.24
11.97
13.48
19.55
19.31
19.71
16.19
14.72

16.10
17.73
18.04
16.73
18.27
14.41
15.45
15.13
13.21
15.99
12.37
12.04
13.45
19.58
19.99
19.60
15.87
14.99

16.41
18.18
18.54
17.14
18.90
14.93
16.37
16.24
13.04
16.95
12.36
11.45
13.86
19.59
19.48
19.73
16.58
15.04

16.50
18.33
18.69
17.29
19.13
14.98
16.16
15.98
13.36
16.73
12.73
11.90
13.93
19.79
19.72
19.90
16.59
15.08

16.38

705.03
817.99
843.09
740.81
845.02
658.21
661.42
649.65
563.07
725.23
500.62
506.33
583.68
885.62
886.33
890.89
725.31
650.62

682.64
804.94
826.23
714.37
820.32
612.43
628.82
611.25
523.12
669.98
475.01
468.36
558.18
885.02
897.55
887.88
710.98
637.08

717.12
856.28
873.23
761.02
856.17
670.36
687.54
682.08
543.77
706.82
514.18
478.61
590.44
883.51
876.60
889.82
754.39
658.75

732.60
859.68
880.30
781.51
887.63
678.59
686.80
675.95
578.49
742.81
544.84
511.70
608.74
904.40
948.53
899.48
748.21
674.08

714.17

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

19.43
21.55
13.92

19.40
21.24
14.11

19.59
21.70
15.08

20.25
22.39
14.69

20.46

839.38
930.96
602.74

836.14
926.06
589.80

861.96
959.14
663.52

888.98
998.59
615.51

955.48

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

11.15
18.11
8.93
11.35
11.52
10.57
10.46

11.12
17.45
8.77
11.38
11.58
10.66
10.46

11.33
18.10
9.40
11.53
11.82
10.89
10.69

11.51
18.45
9.39
11.74
12.01
11.03
10.83

11.47

470.53
805.90
358.99
480.11
493.06
448.17
438.27

448.14
769.55
331.51
474.55
489.83
424.27
417.35

471.33
774.68
391.04
490.03
511.81
465.00
441.50

490.33
830.25
382.17
509.52
526.04
484.22
455.94

473.71

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

8.34
11.40
7.82
8.36
7.19
8.32
7.33

8.51
11.36
8.03
8.68
7.21
8.40
7.69

8.74
11.44
8.37
9.25
7.28
8.54
7.78

8.86
11.67
8.46
9.47
7.28
8.56
7.74

8.89

317.75
474.24
290.12
312.66
273.22
336.13
269.01

294.45
441.90
266.60
289.91
241.54
290.64
260.69

343.48
490.78
318.90
351.50
282.46
342.45
307.31

348.20
502.98
321.48
356.07
282.46
356.10
293.35

333.38

11.08

11.20

11.46

11.51 $11.61

362.32

357.28

373.60

380.98 $373.84

14.44

14.45

14.62

14.67

571.82

556.33

583.34

586.80

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities




-

-

-

-

-

14.76

-

-

-

-

-

577.12

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Dec.
1995

47.6

Jan.
1996

47.4

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1997p

—
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.3
37.6
36.7

31.9
37.1
36.0

33.8
38.4
39.8

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.5
39.4
40.4

36.9
36.8
38.3

39.4
39.3
40.4

39.5
39.4
40.2

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

37.6

36.2

38.4

39.0

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

44.6

44.5

44.6

46.1

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.0
36.3
36.4
39.8

36.9
36.4
36.3
37.7

38.1
37.1
36.7
39.1

39.0
38.0
37.6
40.1

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.0
41.7
42.0
34.5
39.9

40.0
41.5
41.9
34.8
40.0

40.1
41.8
42.3
34.9
39.3

40.5
42.1
42.5
35.8
39.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.6
42.2
43.0
43.6
42.6

42.0
42.1
42.7
41.9
41.8

42.5
41.9
43.9
43.0
42.7

42.1
41.3
42.9
42.9
42.6

38.3

37.6

38.3

38.7

—

-

-

-

<

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

37.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

38.9
38.3
38.0
39.6
38.8
38.1
41.4
38.8
38.9
39.2
37.9

38.3
37.8
37.0
38.5
38.4
37.7
40.4
38.6
38.2
38.7
37.1

39.0
37.8
37.4
40.1
39.1
39.2
41.3
39.4
39.0
39.2
37.8

39.5
38.2
38.0
40.0
40.1
39.8
42.3
39.9
39.6
39.6
38.3

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

37.4
37.1
36.6
37.2
38.4
34.2
39.9
37.9
37.4
36.2

36.7
36.6
35.9
36.0
37.5
33.5
39.2
37.7
36.6
35.7

37.4
36.0
36.7
37.5
38.3
36.5
40.2
37.8
37.5
36.0

37.5
36.4
36.8
37.4
38.7
34.5
40.6
38.0
38.2
36.0

29.0

27.5

28.7

29.3

27.9

35.0
36.4
36.2
32.0
31.3

34.5
36.0
35.8
30.9
30.5

34.4
35.6
35.8
31.4
31.6

34.6
35.9
35.8
31.4
32.0

-

-




-

-

—

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

52
521
523
525
526

Jan.
1997p

-

41
411
413

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

Dec.
1996p

48.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

Retail trade

Nov.
1996

Jan.
1996

48.4

34.4
38.7
38.7

Wholesale trade

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$17.62 $17.18 $18.31 $18.16

-

-

19.24

-

695.60

659.56

746.11

750.36

-

20.71

20.85

-

921.88

897.57

923.67

961.19

-

12.76
12.68
12.98
13.30

12.73
12.58
12.85
13.31

12.86
12.61
12.91
13.50

479.18
450.12
461.55
527.75

470.84
461.55
471.17
501.41

485.01
466.72
471.60
520.42

501.54
479.18
485.42
541.35

-

15.81
16.42
16.76
15.72
12.52

16.24
16.80
17.22
16.34
13.06

16.42
17.04
17.47
16.46
13.02

632.40
687.22
708.54
539.24
489.97

632.40
681.43
702.24
547.06
500.80

651.22
702.24
728.41
570.27
513.26

665.01
717.38
742.48
589.27
507.78

-

18.06
19.03
17.80
21.65
13.28

17.92
18.89
17.80
21.11
13.39

18.79
19.80
17.92
22.97
14.06

18.71
19.71
18.02
22.72
14.02

769.36
803.07
765.40
943.94
565.73

752.64
795.27
760.06
884.51
559.70

798.58
829.62
786.69
987.71
600.36

787.69
814.02
773.06
974.69
597.25

-

12.61

12.65

13.03

13.19 $13.15

482.96

475.64

499.05

510.45 $497.07

13.10
11.52
11.38
11.89
15.69
14.03
12.81
13.77
12.32
13.23
10.29

13.15
11.62
11.42
11.83
15.84
14.06
12.84
13.71
12.32
13.20
10.32

13.64
11.82
11.83
12.33
16.32
15.30
13.28
14.70
12.81
13.67
10.63

13.73
11.87
12.10
12.34
16.36
15.47
13.38
14.81
12.84
13.76
10.71

509.59
441.22
432.44
470.84
608.77
534.54
530.33
534.28
479.25
518.62
389.99

503.65
439.24
422.54
455.46
608.26
530.06
518.74
529.21
470.62
510.84
382.87

531.96
446.80
442.44
494.43
638.11
599.76
548.46
579.18
499.59
535.86
401.81

542.34
453.43
459.80
493.60
656.04
615.71
565.97
590.92
508.46
544.90
410.19

445.43
450.39
561.44
434.12
465.41
306.43
539.05
432.44
512.38
356.93

437.46
439.57
542.81
426.60
456.75
300.16
529.20
426.76
493.37
356.29

455.16
449.28
579.86
443.25
474.15
339.09
555.97
437.72
528.38
365.76

465.38
453.54
588.06
460.39
486.85
323.61
564.75
448.02
558.10
373.32

226.20

216.98

233.33

238.50

325.15
353.08
359.10
251.20
256.66

321.54
350.28
350.84
244.73
260.17

332.99
360.98
366.95
249.32
276.18

335.27
364.74
368.02
253.71
268.80

13.06
13.26
10.47

12.95
13.15
10.58

13.19
13.39
10.76

13.17
13.37
10.77

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

18.50

18.22

19.43

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.67

20.17

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

12.61
12.40
12.68
13.26

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

15.81
16.48
16.87
15.63
12.28

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




52
521
523
525
526

-

520.22
526.78
432.95

42
421
422

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

_

519.69
526.23
434.70

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

$838.71 $814.33 $886.20 $871.68

-

Jan.
1997p

477.86
483.92
405.21

10.81
11.43
13.79

Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

Dec.
1996p

515.87
522.44
422.99

10.88
11.50
13.89

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

Nov.
1996

371.86
442.34
533.67

10.65
11.40
12.22

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies

Jan.
1996

367.74
441.60
552.82

10.62
11.39
12.13

Wholesale trade

Dec.
1995

339.74
422.94
439.92

41
411
413

49
491
492
493
495

Jan.
1997p

353.65
428.26
445.17

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

11.91
12.14
15.34
11.67
12.12
8.96
13.51
11.41
13.70
9.86

11.92
12.01
15.12
11.85
12.18
8.96
13.50
11.32
13.48
9.98

12.17
12.48
15.80
11.82
12.38
9.29
13.83
11.58
14.09
10.16

12.41
12.46
15.98
12.31
12.58
9.38
13.91
11.79
14.61
10.37

7.80

7.89

8.13

8.14

9.29
9.70
9.92
7.85
8.20

9.32
9.73
9.80
7.92
8.53

9.68
10.14
10.25
7.94
8.74

9.69
10.16
10.28
8.08
8.40

-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

8.22
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

229.34
-

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

1987
SIC
Code

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

53
531
533
539

30.6
30.7
28.9
30.2

27.8
28.0
25.5
27.5

29.0
29.1
27.1
29.4

31.2
31.3
28.7
30.8

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.7
29.8
28.5

28.7
29.0
26.3

29.6
29.9
27.8

29.7
29.8
28.5

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

55
551
553
554
559

35.2
36.5
37.1
32.1
34.1

34.5
35.8
36.2
31.7
34.4

35.4
36.8
37.8
31.9
36.2

35.4
37.0
37.4
31.7
36.2

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.0
29.7
25.4
27.7
27.1

24.4
28.0
22.3
24.5
25.5

26.4
28.1
24.5
27.6
26.2

27.5
29.8
25.5
28.8
27.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

33.5
33.6
35.2
33.0
34.0
27.1

31.7
32.0
32.9
31.1
30.8
25.3

32.8
33.1
34.4
32.1
32.1
25.3

33.8
33.6
35.7
33.7
34.7
25.8

Eating and drinking places4

58

24.9

23.5

25.0

25.3

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

30.8
28.7
31.4
29.6
34.5
40.0
31.9
33.7
32.1

29.0
28.2
30.3
26.9
32.1
41.1
29.9
33.7
30.4

29.4
28.8
30.9
27.3
33.2
39.3
30.1
33.2
30.3

30.8
29.0
30.9
29.8
34.4
39.9
31.3
33.4
31.2

35.7

35.5

35.8

36.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.0
34.9
35.2
34.7
35.6

34.8
34.6
34.7
34.6
35.4

35.0
34.7
35.1
34.4
35.8

36.1
35.9
36.5
35.5
36.3

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

38.0
38.7

37.6
38.1

37.8
38.4

39.5
40.3

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

36.4

36.4

36.9

38.3

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.1
37.4
39.3
39.3
38.3

37.6
37.2
38.7
38.9
37.6

38.3
37.7
39.1
39.3
38.6

38.9
38.7
39.8
39.8
38.3

32.3

31.8

32.4

32.8

31.5

34.0

Services
Agricultural services




07

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Jan.
1997p

Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dec.
1996p

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

35.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

—
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

—

-

-

-

32.7

32.0

-

-

-

-

-

32.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996"

Jan.
1997"

$7.56
7.60
7.15
7.31

$7.74
7.77
7.34
7.50

$7.87
7.92
7.12
7.66

$7.91
7.97
7.09
7.68

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

8.24
8.35
7.41

8.36
8.45
7.49

8.52
8.63
7.53

8.50
8.63
7.62

_

Automotive dealers and sen/ice stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

55
551
553
554
559

10.56
13.21
9.01
7.05
11.20

10.36
12.85
8.88
7.06
11.30

11.07
14.00
9.14
7.30
11.99

11.02
13.88
9.16
7.32
12.20

_

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

7.46
8.95
7.08
7.31
7.47

7.72
9.39
7.46
7.62
7.43

7.78
9.28
7.69
7.58
7.62

7.72
9.28
7.58
7.49
7.59

_

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

10.32
10.07
10.08
10.68
10.48
6.14

10.22
9.92
10.15
10.64
10.08
6.46

10.78
10.42
10.43
11.33
10.34
6.55

10.93
10.61
10.85
11.34
10.78
6.71

Eating and drinking places4

58

5.70

5.69

5.92

5.97

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

8.49
9.00
7.23
7.70
9.04
12.07
8.75
11.12
8.97

8.77
9.07
7.36
8.10
9.18
12.32
8.89
11.11
9.13

8.81
9.41
7.40
8.01
9.22
12.17
9.02
11.07
9.27

8.77
9.42
7.51
7.94
9.32
12.30
8.96
11.11
9.20

12.57

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

9.74
9.30
9.13
9.42
9.69

12.62
9.78
9.35
9.19
9.45
9.74

12.98
10.08
9.61
9.39
9.78
9.86
13.12
11.30

13.18
11.41

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

17.92

18.08

18.11

18.14

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

15.17
14.75
14.16
14.53
16.24

15.13
14.62
14.14
14.42
16.26

15.44
14.59
14.43
14.67
16.88

15.39
14.32
14.52
14.77
16.88

11.66

11.73

12.05

12.17

9.31

9.22

9.34

9.52




-

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996"

Jan.
1997"

-

244.73
248.83
211.19

239.93
245.05
196.99

252.19
258.04
209.33

252.45
257.17
217.17

-

371.71
482.17
334.27
226.31
381.92

357.42
460.03
321.46
223.80
388.72

391.88
515.20
345.49
232.87
434.04

390.11
513.56
342.58
232.04
441.64

-

201.42
265.82
179.83
202.49
202.44

188.37
262.92
166.36
186.69
189.47

205.39
260.77
188.41
209.21
199.64

212.30
276.54
193.29
215.71
205.69

-

323.97
317.44
333.94
330.90
310.46
163.44

353.58
344.90
358.79
363.69
331.91
165.72

369.43
356.50
387.35
382.16
374.07
173.12

-

-

345.72
338.35
354.82
352.44
356.32
166.39

-

141.93

133.72

148.00

151.04

261.49
258.30
227.02
227.92
311.88
482.80
279.13
374.74
287.94

254.33
255.77
223.01
217.89
294.68
506.35
265.81
374.41
277.55

259.01
271.01
228.66
218.67
306.10
478.28
271.50
367.52
280.88

270.12
273.18
232.06
236.61
320.61
490.77!
280.45
371.07
287.04

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

448.75

448.01

464.68

478.57 $464.22

340.90
324.57
321.38
326.87
344.96

340.34
323.51
318.89
326.97
344.80

352.80
333.47
329.59
336.43
352.99

365.69
348.23
344.93
350.39
363.00

-

476.77
388.62

495.94
433.92

520.61
459.82

-

-

483.36
396.68

-

652.29

658.11

668.26

694.76

577.98
551.65
556.49
571.03
621.99

568.89
543.86
547.22
560.94
611.38

591.35
550.04
564.21
576.53
651.57

598.67
554.18
577.90
587.85
646.50

376.62

373.01

390.42

397.96

305.37

290.43

317.56

312.26

_

12.68
10.20

07

-

10.13
9.70
9.45
9.87
10.00

12.72
10.25

Agricultural services

-

_

61
614

Services

-

13.04 $13.04

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

Jan.
1996

$231.34 $215.17 $228.23 $246.79
233.32 217.56 230.47 249.46
206.64 187.17 192.95 203.48
220.76 206.25 225.20 236.54

53
531
533
539

5

Dec.
1995

-

_
-

12.21
-

-

-

-

390.72
-

Industry

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

1987
SIC
Code

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

074
078

28.0
34.9

27.7
33.3

28.5
36.3

28.4
34.8

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.0

29.5

30.4

30.7

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.1
27.8
25.5

32.6
25.7
23.5

34.3
27.7
25.8

34.4
28.3
24.9

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.2
36.5

32.2
36.1

33.3
35.8

33.6
36.9

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

37.3
28.5
36.6
27.8
39.0
38.4
39.6
38.9

35.5
27.1
35.1
26.4
37.8
37.5
38.5
37.6

36.5
28.5
36.9
27.8
38.6
37.0
40.2
38.4

37.7
28.8
37.9
28.0
39.3
38.5
39.5
39.5

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.1
37.5
37.9
37.2
37.8
39.7
33.2
33.7
35.7

30.8
37.2
37.4
37.1
38.2
38.7
32.1
33.1
35.0

32.4
37.8
38.3
38.0
38.6
39.7
33.1
34.3
36.2

32.4
38.2
38.7
38.8
38.9
39.5
33.5
34.9
37.1

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.5
35.7
35.7
33.7
37.9
37.5
37.6
29.5
26.3

35.2
35.7
35.7
32.6
37.5
37.2
37.1
29.8
27.5

36.2
36.1
36.0
32.9
38.5
38.6
38.0
31.1
28.7

36.1
36.5
36.6
34.0
38.3
38.4
37.8
30.1
26.6

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.3

37.2

38.2

38.3

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.3
40.0
23.5

30.0
38.8
23.6

30.8
39.4
24.0

30.6
39.6
23.7

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.4
24.7
26.2
17.8
29.0

26.1
24.3
25.6
17.8
26.7

26.5
24.5
26.1
18.6
27.5

26.8
24.5
26.5
18.9
29.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

32.7
32.7
28.1
29.5
32.4
32.0
34.5

32.6
32.3
27.7
29.0
32.6
31.9
34.5

32.7
33.1
28.1
29.7
32.1
31.8
34.4

33.0
33.4
28.8
30.0
32.7
32.2
34.6




Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

-

-

-

-

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

-

-

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

-

-

—

—

—

—
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

Industry

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

074
078

$9.03
9.54

$8.98
9.44

$9.19
9.46

$9.33
9.69

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

8.26

8.15

8.38

8.58

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

7.68
8.87
8.95

7.69
8.52
7.96

7.81
8.73
8.91

7.90
9.07
9.00

Jan.
1997p

-

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

$252.84 $248.75 $261.92 $264.97
332.95 314.35 343.40 337.21

-

-

-

247.80

240.43

254.75

263.41

261.89
246.59
228.23

250.69
218.96
187.06

267.88
241.82
229.88

271.76
256.68
224.10

361.22
587.29

355.49
582.29

379.95
588.19

388.75
614.39

387.92
213.47
360.88
200.44
442.65
409.34
589.64
404.56

372.75
203.52
336.61
191.93
431.30
391.50
570.96
398.18

394.20
221.45
373.06
208.22
458.95
416.62
629.53
414.34

400.37
225.50
385.06
211.12
464.13
416.96
608.70
430.95

286.97
677.63
801.21
716.10
540.16
553.02
309.76
245.34
407.34

279.05
672.58
775.30
711.21
556.96
540.64
298.53
240.31
402.85

304.56
723.11
849.49
761.14
575.53
561.36
314.78
258.62
435.85

308.45
744.52
877.72
778.33
583.89
563.27
319.26
264.54
448.54

-

356.42
345.93
307.02
246.68
424.10
441.38
420.74
223.02
171.74

353.76
348.43
311.30
235.70
420.00
436.36
415.89
224.10
182.05

376.12
354.14
315.72
242.47
447.37
469.76
439.66
242.58
195.73

377.97
360.26
323.18
250.58
447.73
472.32
439.61
239.60
185.40

-

453.47

440.08

471.01

473.39

436.02
807.60
137.71

414.60
755.05
139.00

460.77
808.09
150.96

450.74
796.75
148.84

-

243.14
168.21
226.89
145.43
259.55

238.29
167.18
220.16
144.89
238.16

247.78
172.97
228.11
153.45
246.13

254.06
174.44
234.26
154.79
272.91

-

413.98
418.89
356.31
346.63
286.74
261.44
501.29

415.32
414.73
350.96
339.30
291.44
264.77
505.43

424.77
442.22
369.52
364.12
291.47
270.62
508.78

429.99
449.90
382.46
365.10
296.92
274.67
513.81

-

-

-

_

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

10.88
16.09

11.04
16.13

11.41
16.43

11.57
16.65

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

10.40
7.49
9.86
7.21
11.35
10.66
14.89
10.40

10.50
7.51
9.59
7.27
11.41
10.44
14.83
10.59

10.80
7.77
10.11
7.49
11.89
11.26
15.66
10.79

10.62
7.83
10.16
7.54
11.81
10.83
15.41
10.91

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

8.94
18.07
21.14
19.25
14.29
13.93
9.33
7.28
11.41

9.06
18.08
20.73
19.17
14.58
13.97
9.30
7.26
11.51

9.40
19.13
22.18
20.03
14.91
14.14
9.51
7.54
12.04

9.52
19.49
22.68
20.06
15.01
14.26
9.53
7.58
12.09

-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

10.04
9.69
8.60
7.32
11.19
11.77
11.19
7.56
6.53

10.05
9.76
8.72
7.23
11.20
11.73
11.21
7.52
6.62

10.39
9.81
8.77
7.37
11.62
12.17
11.57
7.80
6.82

10.47
9.87
8.83
7.37
11.69
12.30
11.63
7.96
6.97

-

Miscellaneous repair services

76

11.84

11.83

12.33

12.36

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

14.39
20.19
5.86

13.82
19.46
5.89

14.96
20.51
6.29

14.73
20.12
6.28

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.21
6.81
8.66
8.17
8.95

9.13
6.88
8.60
8.14
8.92

9.35
7.06
8.74
8.25
8.95

9.48
7.12
8.84
8.19
9.22

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

12.66
12.81
12.68
11.75
8.85
8.17
14.53

12.74
12.84
12.67
11.70
8.94
8.30
14.65

12.99
13.36
13.15
12.26
9.08
8.51
14.79

13.03
13.47
13.28
12.17
9.08
8.53
14.85




Dec.
1995

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
Legal services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

808

27.8

27.7

28.3

28.7

81

34.7

34.3

34.6

35.6

Average overtime hours
Jan.
1997p

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

-

-

-

-

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.0
31.2
31.0
29.7
31.9
31.6

30.7
31.1
30.1
28.7
32.0
31.3

31.1
31.1
31.0
29.8
32.0
31.9

31.5
31.6
31.4
29.9
32.5
32.4

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

34.6

34.6

34.7

35.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural sen/ices
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

36.8
38.7
39.1
37.6
36.6
36.0
36.2
39.2
30.2
35.7
35.7
34.6
36.0
35.0

36.4
38.3
38.6
37.9
35.9
36.4
35.7
39.1
29.5
35.6
34.9
33.8
35.1
34.7

36.9
39.2
39.6
37.9
37.4
35.2
36.8
40.3
31.0
36.4
35.7
35.3
35.8
35.1

37.3
39.4
39.8
38.5
37.4
36.1
36.7
40.3
30.1
36.8
36.3
35.7
36.4
36.3

Sen/ices, nec

89

36.8

36.3

35.6

36.1

See footnotes at end of table.




-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Jan.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$11.07 $11.13 $11.23 $11.34
16.36

16.90

17.17

Legal services

81

16.26

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related sen/ices
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

8.44
8.93
8.26
7.22
8.59
10.00

8.53
9.04
8.32
7.31
8.66
10.05

8.66
9.16
8.44
7.45
8.77
10.38

8.75
9.26
8.59
7.52
8.82
10.55

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

16.36

16.38

16.88

17.11

Engineering and management sen/ices
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering sen/ices
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

16.03
17.58
18.26
16.04
12.42
14.24
16.72
19.07
12.57
19.24
14.88
13.42
17.15
13.64

16.01
17.63
18.31
16.04
12.58
14.06
16.83
19.13
12.87
19.22
14.88
13.51
17.18
13.57

16.61
18.22
18.98
16.41
13.12
14.35
17.29
19.68
13.35
20.15
15.67
14.16
17.66
14.60

16.85
18.46
19.22
16.70
13.13
14.59
17.57
19.96
13.75
20.38
15.96
14.36
18.06
14.69

Services, nec

89

15.40

15.39

16.78

16.98

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

4

Jan.
1997p

-

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

$307.75 $308.30 $317.81 $325.46

-

-

564.22

561.15

584.74

611.25

-

261.64
278.62
256.06
214.43
274.02
316.00

261.87
281.14
250.43
209.80
277.12
314.57

269.33
284.88
261.64
222.01
280.64
331.12

275.63
292.62
269.73
224.85
286.65
341.82

-

566.06

566.75

585.74

602.27

-

589.90
680.35
713.97
603.10
454.57
512.64
605.26
747.54
379.61
686.87
531.22
464.33
617.40
477.40

582.76
675.23
706.77
607.92
451.62
511.78
600.83
747.98
379.67
684.23
519.31
456.64
603.02
470.88

612.91
714.22
751.61
621.94
490.69
505.12
636.27
793.10
413.85
733.46
559.42
499.85
632.23
512.46

628.51
727.32
764.96
642.95
491.06
526.70
644.82
804.39
413.88
749.98
579.35
512.65
657.38
533.25

-

566.72

558.66

597.37

612.98

-

_
-

-

Jan.
1997p

_
-

-

-

-

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.
5

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Nov.
1995

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996"

Nov.
1995

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$19.82

$20.01

$20.47

$20.69

$18.84

$18.94

$19.84

$20.15

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

19.88

20.04

20.80

21.01

18.89

18.94

19.84

20.15

preliminary.




Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

$11.93

$12.06

$12.23

$12.34

$12.40

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

12.39
9.79
9.59
11.81
13.74
11.69
12.66
11.29
15.77
12.30
9.88

12.51
9.84
9.69
11.92
13.88
11.73
12.72
11.39
15.94
12.46
9.98

12.73
10.03
9.86
12.12
14.16
11.88
13.03
11.74
16.20
12.71
10.08

12.84
10.07
9.94
12.15
14.13
12.01
13.12
11.86
16.34
12.75
10.18

12.92

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

11.28
10.58
17.04
9.10
7.62
13.67
11.99
15.19
18.23
10.60
8.13

11.39
10.51
17.47
9.18
7.70
13.79
12.06
15.23
18.16
10.62
8.31

11.50
10.73
17.92
9.24
7.79
13.93
12.25
15.49
18.29
10.76
8.48

11.61
10.82
17.91
9.34
7.90
14.02
12.34
15.56
19.02
10.90
8.61

$11.65

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




(22)
()
(22)
()
(22)
()
(22)
()
(22)
()

(22)
()
(22)
()
(22)
(2)
()
(22)
(2)
()

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are
subject to revision.

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Jan.
1996

Dec.
1995

Jan.
1996

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$11.61
7.46

$11.71
7.48

$12.01
7.46

$12.06
7.50

$12.12
0

$400.55 $391.11 $414.35 $420.89 $410.87
257.26 249.75 257.52 261.58
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.54
9.98

15.63
9.98

15.66
9.73

15.93
9.86

$16.18
0

699.30
449.13

684.59
437.16

712.53
442.84

734.37
456.41

$716.77

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.13
9.72

15.24
9.73

15.59
9.69

15.64
9.72

$15.69
0

576.45
370.23

559.31
357.16

604.89
375.94

602.14
374.23

$569.55

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.60
8.09

12.66
8.08

12.93
8.04

13.08
8.14

$13.07

529.20
339.88

503.87
321.76

544.35
338.32

559.82
347.93

$542.41

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.44
9.27

14.45
9.23

14.62
9.09

14.67
9.08

$14.76

(2)

571.82
367.26

556.33
355.26

583.34
362.55

586.80
364.70

$577.12

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.61
8.10

12.65
8.08

13.03
8.10

13.19
8.19

$13.15
0

482.96
310.19

475.64
303.73

499.05
310.16

510.45
317.25

$497.07

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

7.80
5.01

7.89
5.04

8.13
5.05

8.14
5.06

$8.22

226.20
145.28

216.98
138.56

233.33
145.02

238.50
148.23

$229.34

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.57
8.07

12.62
8.06

12.98
8.07

13.04
8.12

$13.04

(2)

448.75
288.21

448.01
286.09

464.68
288.80

478.57
297.43

$464.22

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

11.66
7.49

11.73
7.49

12.05
7.49

12.17
7.57

$12.21
0

376.62
241.89

373.01
238.19

390.42
242.65

397.96
247.33

$390.72
0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




(2)

(2)

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996p

Jan.
1997p

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

42.0
43.2
43.8

42.2
43.2
43.5

42.5
44.0
45.8

$11.38
12.29
12.84

$11.59
12.60
13.84

$11.71
12.66
14.00

$477.96
530.93
562.39

$489.10
544.32
602.04

$497.68
557.04
641.20

Alaska

35.0

38.4

33.5

13.20

12.76

13.85

462.00

489.98

463.98

Arizona

44.2

42.6

43.0

11.21

11.86

11.80

495.48

505.24

507.40

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.3
39.6
43.4
41.4
40.9

41.2
41.1
40.6
40.7
41.6

42.6
41.5
42.1
42.7
40.6

10.29
9.93
10.11
10.84
11.98

10.57
9.78
10.38
11.47
12.13

10.60
9.83
10.37
11.60
12.04

424.98
393.23
438.77
448.78
489.98

435.48
401.96
421.43
466.83
504.61

451.56
407.95
436.58
495.32
488.82

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.7
40.9
41.7
42.4
41.9
41.9
43.2
41.5
40.1
37.7
39.7
40.8
41.6
42.6
38.9
42.1
39.9
42.5

42.0
40.0
41.2
42.2
42.1
42.6
42.5
41.3
40.5
40.6
40.4
41.0
42.2
41.1
39.6
41.6
41.3
42.0

42.6
41.5
41.1
42.7
42.7
42.9
43.1
41.4
41.0
38.1
40.7
41.1
42.4
42.7
40.1
42.6
41.2
42.6

12.70
13.28
11.15
11.96
12.43
15.09
12.69
11.44
13.88
13.43
12.42
13.28
15.68
12.87
14.36
12.82
14.92
12.26

12.97
13.88
11.33
12.13
13.02
15.76
12.92
11.79
13.86
13.43
12.88
14.33
16.00
13.68
14.57
13.12
14.65
12.52

13.07
13.70
11.39
12.27
13.35
15.73
12.91
11.73
13.90
13.40
12.93
14.21
16.17
13.59
14.60
13.21
14.56
12.58

529.59
543.15
464.96
507.10
520.82
632.27
548.21
474.76
556.59
506.31
493.07
541.82
652.29
548.26
558.60
539.72
595.31
521.05

544.74
555.20
466.80
511.89
548.14
671.38
549.10
486.93
561.33
545.26
520.35
587.53
675.20
562.25
576.97
545.79
605.05
525.84

556.78
568.55
468.13
523.93
570.05
674.82
556.42
485.62
569.90
510.54
526.25
584.03
685.61
580.29
585.46
562.75
599.87
535.91

Colorado
Denver

41.8
42.5

41.5
41.7

42.1
42.4

12.59
12.78

12.88
12.65

12.91
13.05

526.26
543.15

534.52
527.51

543.51
553.32

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

43.5
44.4
47.7
43.7
41.7
43.9
40.6
44.3

43.2
43.9
45.2
43.8
42.7
42.3
41.9
44.7

43.5
43.7
44.7
44.4
43.3
43.6
42.6
45.0

13.96
14.53
13.47
14.56
13.22
14.43
13.93
12.94

14.10
14.70
14.85
14.97
13.79
14.42
14.09
13.30

14.22
15.36
14.77
15.06
13.84
14.47
14.08
13.35

607.26
645.13
642.52
636.27
551.27
633.48
565.56
573.24

609.12
645.33
671.22
655.69
588.83
609.97
590.37
594.51

618.57
671.23
660.22
668.66
599.27
630.89
599.81
600.75

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

40.9
41.0
43.1

39.9
38.6
41.8

41.5
39.2
42.6

14.20
12.93
17.19

13.98
12.75
16.85

14.18
12.75
16.97

580.78
530.13
740.89

557.80
492.15
704.33

588.47
499.80
722.92

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

39.9

39.3

39.6

13.74

13.95

13.97

548.11

548.24

553.21

Florida

42.0

42.4

43.5

10.44

10.74

10.83

438.48

455.38

471.11

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

42.8
43.5
47.7

42.6
42.7
51.4

44.0
44.4
49.5

11.01
12.00
13.68

11.37
12.41
14.03

11.47
12.51
14.21

471.23
522.00
652.54

484.36
529.91
721.14

504.68
555.44
703.40

Hawaii
Honolulu

37.3
39.2

39.3
39.2

39.9
41.8

12.95
13.38

12.75
12.81

13.03
13.05

483.04
524.50

501.08
502.15

519.90
545.49

Idaho

38.3

38.8

38.3

11.59

12.24

12.43

443.90

474.91

476.07

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

41.7
39.9
41.2
42.1
41.8
42.5
41.7
40.5
42.1
41.6

42.1
44.2
40.8
42.3
41.6
42.4
41.8
40.9
41.7
41.4

42.2
43.6
41.0
42.4
42.0
42.7
41.8
40.6
41.8
40.7

12.81
16.57
10.69
12.72
14.65
15.22
13.79
15.34
14.72
11.89

13.14
18.18
11.01
13.05
14.84
16.02
14.49
15.97
15.09
11.86

13.20
18.17
11.07
13.11
14.97
15.98
14.52
16.00
15.07
11.85

534.18
661.14
440.43
535.51
612.37
646.85
575.04
621.27
619.71
494.62

553.19
803.56
449.21
552.02
617.34
679.25
605.68
653.17
629.25
491.00

557.04
792.21
453.87
555.86
628.74
682.35
606.94
649.60
629.93
482.30




Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

43.4
37.7
40.0
41.9
41.3
42.8
43.2
52.3
45.0
43.6
43.8
43.9

43.4
39.9
39.9
42.7
41.7
43.6
44.0
49.1
44.6
44.3
42.2
44.5

44.9
40.5
40.0
43.5
41.7
43.0
43.8
50.0
44.9
44.0
43.3
44.5

$14.19
10.47
11.89
13.02
14.96
18.04
15.47
19.07
15.10
15.41
12.23
13.90

$14.39
10.78
12.48
13.85
14.97
19.40
15.58
19.19
14.54
14.56
12.34
14.20

$14.42
10.77
12.55
13.68
15.11
18.85
15.64
19.31
14.55
14.52
12.28
14.22

$615.85
394.72
475.60
545.54
617.85
772.11
668.30
997.36
679.50
671.88
535.67
610.21

$624.53
430.12
497.95
591.40
624.25
845.84
685.52
942.23
648.48
645.01
520.75
631.90

$647.46
436.19
502.00
595.08
630.09
810.55
685.03
965.50
653.30
638.88
531.72
632.79

42.5
41.1
43.7
41.4
40.9

42.2
43.9
42.0
41.2
39.8

42.3
45.5
42.3
43.0
38.9

13.26
16.78
14.07
13.73
10.94

13.34
16.26
13.32
15.11
10.91

13.90
16.50
14.25
14.87
10.94

563.55
689.66
614.86
568.42
447.45

562.95
713.81
559.44
622.53
434.22

587.97
750.75
602.78
639.41
425.57

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.8
40.0
37.6

42.4
40,3
44.3

42.5
40.0
44.5

12.24
14.47
13.11

13.18
14.18
15.50

13.20
14.07
15.62

499.39
578.80
492.94

558.83
571.45
686.65

561.00
562.80
695.09

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.5
43.0
42.5

41.4
43.1
42.5

41.9
42.8
42.7

12.46
13.42
13.98

12.86
13.74
14.15

12.98
13.63
14.31

517.09
577.06
594.15

532.40
592.19
601.38

543.86
583.36
611.04

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

44.7
44.7
44.8
43.3

44.7
45.1
44.4
42.2

45.5
45.8
44.9
43.0

13.52
15.86
14.39
13.80

13.76
16.24
14.45
13.89

14.17
16.58
14.57
14.11

604.34
708.94
644.67
597.54

615.07
732.42
641.58
586.16

644.74
759.36
654.19
606.73

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.6
37.9
38.6

40.5
40.5
40.9

41.3
41.5
39.1

12.68
10.80
11.12

12.88
11.37
11.25

13.00
11.40
11.26

514.81
409.32
429.23

521.64
460.48
460.13

536.90
473.10
440.27

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

42.3
42.4

41.8
42.4

41.9
42.6

13.69
14.48

13.96
14.69

14.06
14.73

579.09
613.95

583.53
622.86

589.11
627.50

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.1
41.4
42.1
42.0

42.2
41.7
43.9
42.6

42.5
42.1
43.2
42.7

12.97
13.81
12.56
12.45

13.19
14.21
12.77
12.99

13.26
14.29
12.76
12.97

546.04
571.73
528.78
522.90

556.62
592.56
560.60
553.37

563.55
601.61
551.23
553.82

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

45.1
44.7
46.6
47.9
42.8
42.6
42.7
44.7
47.4

43.7
46.5
45.4
44.9
42.0
41.3
43.9
44.0
45.4

45.6
47.4
46.8
47.4
44.3
41.9
44.7
44.8
47.4

16.67
16.97
18.02
21.69
14.11
12.36
15.61
17.30
18.84

16.72
17.17
18.38
21.50
14.21
12.50
15.46
18.08
19.57

16.97
17.48
18.05
22.12
14.48
12.96
15.41
18.25
20.08

751.82
758.56
839.73
1038.95
603.91
526.54
666.55
773.31
893.02

730.66
798.40
834.45
965.35
596.82
516.25
678.69
795.52
888.48

773.83
828.55
844.74
1048.49
641.46
543.02
688.83
817.60
951.79

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.6
41.0
41.2
41.8

41.4
42.5
41.3
43.4

41.9
44.4
41.6
43.2

13.07
11.75
13.93
12.24

13.49
11.75
14.60
12.33

13.55
11.73
14.54
12.46

543.71
481.75
573.92
511.63

558.49
499.38
602.98
535.12

567.75
520.81
604.86
538.27

Mississippi
Jackson

41.8
42.4

41.2
41.5

42.2
41.6

9.99
10.91

10.23
11.47

10.33
11.77

417.58
462.58

421.48
476.01

435.93
489.63

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

42.2
43.3
43.4
40.7

41.8
43.8
43.6
39.1

43.1
44.8
45.1
40.7

12.49
14.09
15.19
10.47

12.67
14.32
14.97
10.78

12.92
14.43
15.17
11.06

527.08
610.10
659.25
426.13

529.61
627.22
652.69
421.50

556.85
646.46
684.17
450.14

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

Montana

39.4

39.7

40.1

13.22

12.94

13.16

520.87

513.72

527.72

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.6
41.7
41.9

41.4
44.0
42.2

41.6
45.6
43.2

11.32
12.90
12.40

11.80
13.20
13.34

12.01
13.53
13.69

470.91
537.93
519.56

488.52
580.80
562.95

499.62
616.97
591.41

Nevada
Las Vegas

42.1
43.0

44.6
40.5

44.6
37.2

12.65
13.89

13.54
13.83

13.80
14.39

532.57
597.27

603.88
560.12

615.48
535.31




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

43.3
42.9
44.1
45.8

$12.14
12.13
14.85
12.44

$12.44
12.82
15.22
11.88

$12.57
13.30
14.91
12.32

$518.38
541.00
641.52
508.80

$523.72
525.62
636.20
487.08

$544.28
570.57
657.53
564.26

42.3

42.5

13.98

13.94

14.13

598.34

589.66

600.53

40.6
41.1

41.2
41.5

10.89
11.17

11.11
11.79

11.25
11.76

433.42
451.27

451.07
484.57

463.50
488.04

41.6
41.1
41.6
43.4
38.8
42.9
41.4
39.6
39.4
40.8
43.8
41.9
44.0
40.0
41.1

41.7
41.5
41.5
44.2
39.7
41.9
40.7
39.0
38.7
40.6
43.9
41.5
44.5
40.4
40.9

12.67
13.94
10.27
16.19
11.12
11.82
11.75
11.55
11.25
11.33
14.34
14.98
13.68
11.38
12.41

12.95
14.21
10.26
16.14
11.27
12.06
11.86
11.87
11.65
11.57
14.35
16.00
14.22
11.67
12.25

13.05
14.31
10.27
16.40
11.40
12.28
12.07
12.00
11.82
11.65
14.55
15.51
14.32
11.75
12.21

520.74
565.96
421.07
701.03
461.48
510.62
472.35
449.30
433.13
455.47
616.62
684.59
586.87
458.61
495.16

538.72
584.03
426.82
700.48
437.28
517.37
491.00
470.05
459.01
472.06
628.53
670.40
625.68
466.80
503.48

544.19
593.87
426.21
724.88
452.58
514.53
491.25
468.00
457.43
472.99
638.75
643.67
637.24
474.70
499.39

41.2
41.4
40.7
40.0
42.2

41.7
41.7
41.6
40.8
43.1

41.8
41.9
42.1
40.7
43.4

10.76
10.23
11.39
11.10
11.68

11.12
10.71
11.95
11.37
12.13

11.17
10.70
12.03
11.43
12.23

443.31
423.52
463.57
444.00
492.90

463.70
446.61
497.12
463.90
522.80

466.91
448.33
506.46
465.20
530.78

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.4
43.1

41.8
43.2

41.4
42.2

10.89
10.86

11.04
10.94

11.14
10.98

439.96
468.07

461.47
472.61

461.20
463.36

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.8
43.5
40.5
43.7
43.8
42.7
45.7
46.0
43.8
44.1
43.7
46.0
43.3

43.7
42.9
41.4
43.7
43.3
43.2
44.4
47.7
43.8
44.4
43.7
45.4
43.4

44.2
44.0
41.3
44.4
44.0
43.1
45.7
46.6
44.1
44.9
43.7
45.8
43.2

14.56
12.08
12.79
14.03
14.36
13.61
16.09
16.20
15.45
14.91
16.30
16.56
16.14

14.83
12.51
13.12
14.23
14.63
13.95
15.88
16.65
15.59
15.78
15.46
16.57
16.22

14.99
12.63
13.22
14.42
14.74
14.29
16.23
16.40
15.40
15.96
15.49
16.82
16.49

637.73
525.48
518.00
613.11
628.97
581.15
735.31
745.20
676.71
657.53
712.31
761.76
698.86

648.07
536.68
543.17
621.85
633.48
602.64
705.07
794.21
682.84
700.63
675.60
752.28
703.95

662.56
555.72
545.99
640.25
648.56
615.90
741.71
764.24
679.14
716.60
676.91
770.36
712.37

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

42.8
41.8
42.6

41.8
43.5
41.4

41.7
44.6
42.9

11.61
12.18
12.48

12.06
13.42
12.38

12.27
13.22
12.23

496.91
509.12
531.65

504.11
583.77
512.53

511.66
589.61
524.67

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

39.4
39.6
39.9
39.9
37.2

40.3
41.3
40.5
40.9
38.7

40.9
39.6
41.5
42.3
41.3

13.03
12.75
11.95
13.08
11.63

13.08
12.69
11.85
13.34
11.49

13.21
12.62
11.84
13.38
11.47

513.38
504.90
476.81
521.89
432.64

527.12
524.10
479.93
545.61
444.66

540.29
499.75
491.36
565.97
473.71

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.3
41.5
40.0
43.3
39.0
38.2
40.0
42.2
43.2
42.0
39.8
43.9
41.3
41.4
42.6

42.3
42.4
40.7
43.9
40.5
40.1
41.5
42.3
43.9
43.2
40.6
44.6
41.4
41.5
42.3

42.4
42.9
42.4
43.3
40.4
39.0
41.5
43.2
43.2
43.5
41.1
44.5
42.9
42.4
43.0

13.12
12.70
10.99
13.21
12.32
9.68
12.87
14.18
14.25
13.62
12.01
13.91
11.19
11.56
13.12

13.39
13.04
10.87
13.91
13.18
10.24
13.05
14.46
14.62
14.27
12.17
14.43
11.38
11.17
13.46

13.47
13.16
11.06
13.96
13.24
10.15
13.06
14.52
14.60
14.47
12.24
14.49
11.53
11.24
13.64

541.86
527.05
439.60
571.99
480.48
369.78
514.80
598.40
615.60
572.04
478.00
610.65
462.15
478.58
558.91

566.40
552.90
442.41
610.65
533.79
410.62
541.58
611.66
641.82
616.46
494.10
643.58
471.13
463.56
569.36

571.13
564.56
468.94
604.47
534.90
395.85
541.99
627.26
630.72
629.45
503.06
644.81
494.64
476.58
586.52

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

42.7
44.6
43.2
40.9

42.1
41.0
41.8
41.0

New Jersey

42.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.8
40.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.1
40.6
41.0
43.3
41.5
43.2
40.2
38.9
38.5
40.2
43.0
45.7
42.9
40.3
39.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill




*.

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

41.0
40.8

39.7
40.5

40.9
41.5

$10.92
10.24

$11.14
11.38

$11.15
11.29

$447.72
417.79

$442.26
460.89

$456.04
468.54

South Carolina

42.1

42.1

42.3

10.24

10.33

10.35

431.10

434.89

437.81

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

41.3
40.2
42.6

41.6
40.5
41.7

41.8
40.7
41.7

9.37
9.52
9.90

9.71
9.63
10.06

9.76
9.55
10.09

386.98
382.70
421.74

403.94
390.02
419.50

407.97
388.69
420.75

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.3
39.4
38.9
40.5
40.9
41.9

40.8
41.7
40.4
40.5
42.3
41.4

41.4
42.2
39.9
42.0
43.5
42.1

11.22
11.06
11.65
10.84
11.77
11.58

11.36
10.87
11.94
10.97
11.72
12.04

11.54
11.02
12.01
11.05
12.01
12.13

463.39
435.76
453.19
439.02
481.39
485.20

463.49
453.28
482.38
444.29
495.76
498.46

477.76
465.04
479.20
464.10
522.44
510.67

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.2
44.3
43.7
44.9
42.4

43.5
44.2
43.6
44.9
42.2

44.4
45.8
44.3
45.2
42.6

11.71
11.47
12.10
14.08
9.45

11.89
11.92
12.52
13.82
9.70

11.97
12.08
12.66
13.88
9.79

505.87
508.12
528.77
632.19
400.68

517.22
526.86
545.87
620.52
409.34

531.47
553.26
560.84
627.38
417.05

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.8
40.3

41.4
40.9

40.2
39.8

12.03
12.18

12.36
12.35

12.51
12.44

478.79
490.85

511.70
505.12

502.90
495.11

Vermont
Burlington

41.6
43.4

40.6
43.4

41.5
45.9

12.23
12.63

12.45
12.49

12.71
13.16

508.77
548.14

505.47
542.07

527.47
604.04

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.5
41.4
43.6
43.0
37.6
41.2
45.1
41.8

42.7
42.6
41.5
43.6
40.1
40.3
43.8
40.9

43.4
42.5
40.4
45.5
41.4
40.4
44.1
40.5

11.94
9.92
10.24
11.56
11.45
12.40
15.39
13.32

12.22
10.07
9.94
11.68
11.99
12.49
15.61
13.66

12.41
10.31
9.96
11.95
11.99
12.53
15.97
13.93

507.45
410.69
446.46
497.08
430.52
510.88
694.09
556.78

521.79
428.98
412.51
509.25
480.80
503.35
683.72
558.69

538.59
438.18
402.38
543.73
496.39
506.21
704.28
564.17

Washington

39.7

39.6

40.3

13.30

14.78

15.10

528.01

585.29

608.53

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.7
48.1
42.0
44.4
38.5

42.5
47.2
42.0
43.9
45.0

42.4
47.6
41.3
45.7
40.5

12.75
14.01
14.45
15.91
15.14

13.11
14.13
14.69
16.73
14.51

13.13
14.29
14.78
16.85
13.17

531.68
673.88
606.90
706.40
582.89

557.18
666.94
616.98
734.45
652.95

556.71
680.20
610.41
770.05
533.39

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.3
44.9
48.9
43.2
45.4
41.2
41.2
39.9
41.9
38.5
43.0
43.6

42.8
45.2
45.3
43.8
47.7
41.5
41.9
40.4
42.8
43.1
44.9
44.0

43.3
45.6
44.0
43.1
47.0
42.2
43.0
42.8
43.2
44.0
44.9
44.1

13.04
14.15
13.27
13.97
16.34
13.58
11.38
12.16
14.22
12.88
12.76
12.41

13.39
14.65
12.91
13.89
17.29
14.66
11.48
12.61
14.31
13.88
13.29
13.05

13.51
14.69
13.51
13.77
17.34
14.73
11.63
12.63
14.61
14.21
13.20
12.97

551.59
635.34
648.90
603.50
741.84
559.50
468.86
485.18
595.82
495.88
548.68
541.08

573.09
662.18
584.82
608.38
824.73
608.39
481.01
509.44
612.47
598.23
596.72
574.20

584.98
669.86
594.44
593.49
814.98
621.61
500.09
540.56
631.15
625.24
592.68
571.98

Wyoming

40.7

40.2

40.5

11.08

13.36

13.43

450.96

537.07

543.92

Puerto Rico

40.4

40.8

40.7

7.56

7.99

7.89

305.42

325.99

321.12

Virgin Islands

43.2

44.3

42.7

15.96

18.03

17.58

689.47

798.73

750.67

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks.

(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

NORTHEAST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

39,723 39,718 39,723 39,730 39,733 39,739 39,746 39,754 39,766 39,780 39,788 39,794 39,798
25,369 25,344 25,555 25,669 25,794 25,675 25,723 25,779 25,829 25,827 25,859 25,844 26,120
23,889 23,885 23,986 24,187 24,282 24,255 24,279 24,434 24,452 24,432 24,442 24,413 24,610
1,480 1,459 1,569 1,482 1,512 1,420 1,444 1,345 1,377 1,394 1,417 1,431 1,510
5.8
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.8

New England
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,289 10,292 10,295 10,300 10,304 10,307 10,313 10,318 10,323 10,329 10,333 10,339 10,342
6,956 6,943 6,968 7,044 7,081 7,045 6,953 7,000 7,072 7,059 7,077 7,047 7,113
6,604 6,598 6,620 6,706 6,716 6,702 6,633 6,708 6,739 6,727 6,753 6,705 6,774
352
345
348
338
365
343
320
291
333
324
332
342
339
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.8
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.6
4.9
4.8

Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,434 29,426 29,428 29,430 29,429 29,432 29,433 29,436 29,443 29,451 29,455 29,455 29,456
18,413 18,400 18,587 18,625 18,713 18,630 18,770 18,779 18,758 18,768 18,783 18,797 19,008
17,285 17,287 17,366 17,482 17,566 17,553 17,646 17,725 17,713 17,706 17,690 17,709 17,836
1,128 1,113 1,221 1,143 1,147 1,077 1,124 1,054 1,045 1,062 1,093 1,089 1,171
6.1
6.1
6.6
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.2

SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

70,108 70,174 70,257 70,344 70,423 70,508 70,591 70,680 70,778 70,878 70,963 71,046 71,129
46,118 46,166 46,161 46,116 46,188 46,275 46,572 46,495 46,742 47,040 46,960 47,135 47,096
43,601 43,718 43,718 43,675 43,715 43,904 44,142 44,184 44,360 44,580 44,447 44,700 44,726
2,517 2,448 2,443 2,441 2,474 2,370 2,430 2,311 2,382 2,461 2,513 2,436 2,371
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.2

South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

36,218 36,252 36,292 36,337 36,376 36,419 36,461 36,504 36,555 36,604 36,647 36,689 36,731
23,681 23,705 23,769 23,830 23,957 23,964 24,103 24,071 24,068 24,176 24,142 24,214 24,335
22,467 22,525 22,581 22,643 22,736 22,791 22,883 22,911 22,879 22,997 22,987 23,017 23,155
1,214 1,179 1,188 1,187 1,221 1,174 1,221 1,161 1,190 1,179 1,155 1,197 1,181
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.9

East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,333 12,342 12,355 12,369 12,381 12,393 12,407 12,422 12,436 12,453 12,466 12,478 12,492
7,965 7,906 7,919 7,836 7,786 7,882 8,015 7,954 8,020 8,123 8,103 8,133 8,051
7,533 7,463 7,501 7,405 7,366 7,492 7,596 7,608 7,609 7,612 7,582 7,673 7,590
432
443
418
431
390
411
420
420
346
510
460
461
520
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.0
4.4
5.1
5.7
5.7
5.2
6.3
6.4

West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




21,557 21,580 21,610 21,638 21,666 21,696 21,723 21,754 21,787 21,821 21,850 21,879 21,907
14,472 14,556 14,474 14,450 14,446 14,428 14,453 14,470 14,654 14,742 14,716 14,789 14,710
13,601 13,730 13,637 13,627 13,613 13,622 13,663 13,666 13,872 13,971 13,878 14,009 13,982
871
826
837
823
833
806
790
804
781
772
838
779
729
6.0
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.3
5,
5.7
5.3
5.0

(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1996
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

MIDWEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,712 46,728 46,757 46,791 46,817 46,851 46,879 46,915 46,951 46,992 47,025 47,054
32,240 32,436 32,597 32,675 32,666 32,690 32,757 32,650 32,644 32,690 32,778 32,723
30,756 31,003 31,154 31,202 31,191 31,210 31,234 31,201 31,187 31,248 31,267 31,245
1,484 1,434 1,443
1,475
1,473
1,480 1,523
1,449
1,456 1,442 1,512 1,478
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.5

East North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,907 32,917 32,935 32,958 32,974 32,994 33,013 33,035 33,059 33,086 33,107 33,126
22,260 22,423 22,544 22,607 22,586 22,591 22,607 22,536 22,506 22,561 22,634 22,613
21,143 21,372 21,513 21,554 21,509 21,516 21,529 21,494 21,438 21,521 21,579 21,529
1,117 1,051 1,031 1,052 1,078
1,075
1,078
1,083
1,041 1,055
1,042 1,068
5.0
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.6

West North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,805 13,811 13,822 13,833 13,843 13,857 13,866 13,880 13,892 13,906 13,918 13,928
9,980 10,014 10,053 10,068 10,079 10,099 10,150 10,114 10,137 10,129 10,144 10,110
9,613 9,631 9,641 9,647 9,682 9,694 9,705 9,707 9,749 9,727 9,687 9,715
367
383
412
421
397
405
445
388
402
408
456
395
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.4
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.9

WEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,526 43,578 43,636 43,701 43,760 43,823 43,884 43,948 44,018 44,087 44,151 44,213
29,259 29,310 29,371 29,174 29,387 29,393 29,400 29,409 29,549 29,544 29,684 29,680
27,298 27,344 27,423 27,265 27,442 27,533 27,503 27,545 27,700 27,691 27,791 27,800
1,961 1,966 1,947
1,909 1,945
1,860
1,898
1,864
1,850 1,853
1,894 1,880
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.3

Mountain
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11,938 11,964 11,992 12,021 12,050 12,080 12,108 12,138 12,168 12,199 12,229 12,258
8,301 8,322 8,273 8,249 8,338 8,298 8,272 8,314 8,331 8,325 8,391 8,439
7,879 7,906 7,867 7,853 7,879 7,871 7,825 7,858 7,893 7,904 7,983 8,022
422
417
406
395
459
427
447
438
417
456
421
408
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.3
4.9
5.5
5.1
4.9

Pacific
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

31,588 31,614 31,644 31,680 31,710 31,743 31,776 31,810 31,850 31,888 31,922 31,955
20,958 20,988 21,098 20,925 21,049 21,096 21,129 21,095 21,218 21,219 21,293 21,241
19,418 19,439 19,556 19,412 19,563 19,662 19,678 19,688 19,806 19,787 19,808 19,778
1,549 1,542 1,513 1,487
1,412 1,432 1,486
1,539
1,433
1,451 1,408
1,463
7.4
7.2
7.1
6.7
6.7
7.0
7.3
7.3
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.7

1
These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and




Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington. Data have been revised to incorporate updated
1990 census-based population controls and new seasonal adjustment factors.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to 1990; unadjusted data
back to 1994.

(Numbers in thousands)

State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

2.070.6
1.939.7
130.9
6.3

2,082.6
1,985.4
97.3
4.7

2.071.5
1.968.6
102.9
5.0

2,062.3
1,955.0
107.3
5.2

2,054.6
1,941.8
112.8
5.5

2,047.7
1,933.3
114.4
5.6

2,049.9
1,954.1
95.7
4.7

2,087.5
1,986.7
100.8
4.8

2,090.4
1,996.3
94.1
4.5

2,091.9
1,993.4
98.5
4.7

2,103.8
1,999.3
104.5
5.0

2,115.5
2,010.2
105.4
5.0

305.4
281.4
24.0
7.8

309.1
285.3
23.8
7.7

311.0
287.6
23.3
7.5

313.7
289.0
24.7
7.9

311.8
289.4
22.4
7.2

307.9
286.9
21.0
6.8

310.0
286.7
23.3
7.5

310.8
287.2
23.7
7.6

312.6
289.7
22.9
7.3

312.3
289.5
22.7
7.3

315.4
292.6
22.8
7.2

312.4
289.1
23.3
7.5

2,155.5
2,057.4
98.1
4.6

2,150.2
2,046.4
103.8
4.8

2,157.5
2,051.4
106.1
4.9

2,149.3
2,044.0
105.3
4.9

2.141.6
2.041.7
99.9
4.7

2,149.5
2,038.7
110.8
5.2

2,152.7
2,039.3
113.4
5.3

2,147.8
2,035.8
112.0
5.2

2,157.9
2,041.8
116.0
5.4

2,164.3
2,043.7
120.6
5.6

2,152.3
2,034.1
118.2
5.5

2,182.6
2,067.2
115.4
5.3

1,229.8
1,171.2
58.6
4.8

1,238.4
1,177.0
61.4
5.0

1,236.7
1,176.4
60.3
4.9

1,234.2
1,173.2
61.0
4.9

1,230.0
1,173.2
56.8
4.6

1,231.4
1,174.0
57.3
4.7

1,240.6
1,178.1
62.5
5.0

1,243.6
1,177.2
66.4
5.3

1,245.3
1,179.6
65.6
5.3

1,248.7
1,182.3
66.4
5.3

1,252.9
1,183.7
69.1
5.5

1,249.6
1,184.2
65.4
5.2

15,461.2
14,251.5
1,209.7
7.8

15,488.5
14,307.2
1,181.3
7.6

15,495.8
14,306.3
1,189.5
7.7

15,503.9
14,314.1
1,189.7
7.7

15,435.9
14,276.3
1,159.6
7.5

15,440.7
14,309.6
1,131.1
7.3

15,439.3
14,330.2
1,109.0
7.2

15.467.1
14.354.2
1,112.8
7.2

15,523.0
14,420.6
1,102.4
7.1

15,597.5
14,489.9
1,107.6
7.1

15,580.8
14,497.3
1,083.5
7.0

15,603.8
14,506.6
1,097.2
7.0

2,120.4
2,032.6
87.8
4.1

2,125.7
2,052.6
73.1
3.4

2,149.9
2,070.3
79.5
3.7

2,161.6
2,078.1
83.5
3.9

2,146.1
2,063.7
82.4
3.8

2,159.7
2,071.7
88.0
4.1

2,150.5
2,061.8
88.7
4.1

2,111.0
2,022.9
88.1
4.2

2,089.6
2,004.8
84.8
4.1

2,085.9
2,000.0
85.9
4.1

2,079.3
79.3
3.8

2,078.2
1,999.5
78.6
3.8

1,704.7
1,609.4
95.2
5.6

1.746.1
1.653.2
93.0
5.3

1,747.3
1,657.6
89.7
5.1

1,744.2
1,655.2
89.0
5.1

1,748.9
1,662.6
86.3
4.9

1,742.8
1,658.8
84.0
4.8

1,739.4
1,656.3
83.1
4.8

1,731.8
1,650.0
81.9
4.7

1.733.6
1.652.7
81.0
4.7

1.746.0
1.661.1
84.9
4.9

1,754.1
1,666.4
87.7
5.0

1.753.5
1.664.6
88.9
5.1

381.9
363.6
18.3
4.8

383.5
365.3
18.2
4.7

383.8
368.0
15.7
4.1

383.9
366.5
17.4
4.5

384.9
366.9
18.1
4.7

380.4
362.3
18.1
4.8

383.4
365.5
17.9
4.7

384.3
364.5
19.8
5.1

383.2
362.9
20.4
5.3

382.6
362.7
19.9
5.2

386.3
366.4
19.9
5.2

388.4
367.2
21.2
5.5

280.2
255.3
24.9
8.9

280.8
257.4
23.4
8.3

282.4
259.4
23.0
8.1

277.4
253.0
24.3
8.8

267.0
244.6
22.4
8.4

269.4
245.2
24.2
9.0

263.1
241.8
21.3
8.1

266.5
242.6
23.9
9.0

263.2
239.2
24.0
9.1

267.4
244.2
23.2
8.7

266.5
244.1
22.4
8.4

266.2
246.7
19.5
7.3

6,882.5
6,509.7
372.8
5.4

6,991.8
6,597.6
394.1
5.6

6,974.3
6,580.2
394.1
5.7

6,982.3
6,605.8
376.5
5.4

6,988.1
6,618.4
369.7
5.3

6,989.5
6,620.0
369.5
5.3

6,977.6
6,627.3
350.4
5.0

6,999.7
6,633.3
366.4
5.2

7,007.4
6,648.0
359.5
5.1

7.022.2
6.641.3
380.9
5.4

7,049.4
6,684.8
364.6
5.2

7,064.1
6,704.8
359.3
5.1

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,000.0

Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




(Numbers in thousands)
1996

1995
State

Dec.p

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

3,645.3
3,470.6
174.7
4.8

3,722.8
3,540.6
182.2
4.9

3,722.2
3,555.3
166.9
4.5

3,728.2
3,558.7
169.5
4.5

3,737.9
3,564.7
173.2
4.6

3,744.5
3,570.9
173.6
4.6

3,747.3
3,582.6
164.7
4.4

3,785.8
3,621.4
164.4
4.3

3,775.6
3,607.7
167.8
4.4

3,788.8
3,621.9
166.9
4.4

3,797.8
3,634.3
163.4
4.3

3,818.2
3,644.0
174.1
4.6

3,809.6
3,633.2
176.4
4.6

579.6
545.2
34.4
5.9

584.9
550.8
34.0
5.8

585.9
551.5
34.4
5.9

587.1
552.7
34.4
5.9

588.8
554.5
34.3
5.8

590.5
554.9
35.5
6.0

592.7
556.0
36.7
6.2

590.3
555.1
35.2
6.0

590.3
554.7
35.6
6.0

592.3
560.3
32.0
5.4

593.0
560.5
32.5
5.5

595.3
559.7
35.6
6.0

599.2
563.0
36.2
6.0

604.7
571.8
32.9
5.4

610.9
580.4
30.6
5.0

617.2
587.2
30.0
4.9

616.8
585.4
31.4
5.1

614.4
583.8
30.6
5.0

612.8
582.0
30.9
5.0

609.6
578.2
31.4
5.2

609.7
580.2
29.5
4.8

618.0
587.2
30.8
5.0

623.4
592.1
31.3
5.0

626.9
596.7
30.2
4.8

629.9
598.3
31.6
5.0

636.4
601.9
34.5
5.4

6,109.8
5,786.9
322.9
5.3

6,141.8
5,811.4
330.4
5.4

6,148.3
5,832.0
316.3
5.1

6,150.9
5,837.8
313.0
5.1

6,140.6
5,825.1
315.5
5.1

6,149.8
5,828.8
321.0
5.2

6,157.4
5,829.9
327.5
5.3

6,161.9
5,831.1
330.8
5.4

6,160.8
5,829.9
330.9
5.4

6,143.0
5,820.1
322.9
5.3

6,160.2
5,843.4
316.8
5.1

6,166.2
5,857.2
309.1
5.0

6,187.4
5,871.8
315.7
5.1

3,120.7
2,977.5
143.2
4.6

3,102.5
2,962.7
139.8
4.5

3,131.8
2,992.5
139.4
4.5

3,113.9
2,981.5
132.4
4.3

3,103.8
2,973.7
130.2
4.2

3,092.4
2,964.7
127.7
4.1

3,092.6
2,959.4
133.2
4.3

3,104.6
2,976.8
127.8
4.1

3,093.1
2,965.7
127.4
4.1

3,081.6
2,950.1
131.5
4.3

3,096.3
2,976.2
120.1
3.9

3,082.4
2,971.5
110.8
3.6

3,073.5
2,969.5
104.0
3.4

1,559.6
1,505.9
53.7
3.4

1,559.0
1,506.3
52.7
3.4

1,591.7
1,535.4
56.3
3.5

1,595.2
1,541.8
53.4
3.3

1,610.3
1,554.6
55.6
3.5

1,623.6
1,566.9
56.6
3.5

1,605.4
1,555.9
49.5
3.1

1,595.1
1,542.1
53.0
3.3

1,600.1
1,551.5
48.6
3.0

1,603.5
1,554.2
49.3
3.1

1,579.2
1,526.4
52.8
3.3

1,584.1
1,529.7
54.4
3.4

1,604.8
1,548.2
56.6
3.5

1,333.2
1,278.3
54.9
4.1

1,357.7
1,306.4
51.3
3.8

1,357.2
1,307.0
50.2
3.7

1,354.1
1,303.3
50.8
3.8

1,356.9
1,302.3
54.6
4.0

1,352.3
1,296.6
55.7
4.1

1,348.9
1,296.0
52.8
3.9

1,355.8
1,301.2
54.7
4.0

1,359.2
1,302.9
56.3
4.1

1,361.4
1,306.3
55.0
4.0

1,370.4
1,314.5
55.9
4.1

1,371.6
1,316.6
55.0
4.0

1,372.6
1,316.8
55.8
4.1

1,856.3
1,755.5
100.8
5.4

1,871.7
1,769.2
102.5
5.5

1,853.5
1,758.6
94.8
5.1

1,837.8
1,744.0
93.8
5.1

1,828.6
1,733.1
95.6
5.2

1,827.7
1,734.0
93.8
5.1

1,830.7
1,735.8
94.9
5.2

1,862.8
1,770.1
92.6
5.0

1,854.2
1,770.4
83.8
4.5

1,868.2
1,780.8
87.4
4.7

1,883.1
1,792.6
90.6
4.8

1,879.8
1,785.0
94.8
5.0

1,893.5
1,790.3
103.2
5.5

1,961.9
1,834.1
127.9
6.5

1,982.8
1,851.9
130.9
6.6

1,975.9
1,844.5
131.5
6.7

1,986.9
1,863.1
123.8
6.2

1,986.0
1,861.4
124.6
6.3

1,982.4
1,850.3
132.2
6.7

1,980.0
1,847.4
132.6
6.7

2,003.6
1,867.3
136.4
6.8

1,992.7
1,856.8
135.9
6.8

2,025.2
1,884.8
140.4
6.9

2,020.7
1,874.1
146.6
7.3

2,011.1
1,888.6
122.5
6.1

2,033.9
1,906.7
127.2
6.3

654.0
619.4
34.5
5.3

648.9
615.9
33.0
5.1

651.5
618.1
33.3
5.1

656.1
622.7
33.4
5.1

657.0
622.6
34.4
5.2

655.2
618.7
36.5
5.6

658.1
622.2
36.0
5.5

660.4
623.7
36.7
5.6

667.0
630.6
36.4
5.5

671.9
637.4
34.5
5.1

669.4
635.6
33.8
5.0

666.2
638.4
27.8
4.2

668.8
639.4
29.4
4.4

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996
Dec.p

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

2,719.2
2,580.9
138.3
5.1

2,719.8
2,580.9
138.8
5.1

2,728.3
2,597.9
130.5
4.8

2,720.3
2,586.7
133.6
4.9

2,710.9
2,575.5
135.5
5.0

2,744.5
2,607.4
137.0
5.0

2,762.5
2,630.0
132.5
4.8

2,769.3
2,634.5
134.8
4.9

2,784.2
2,651.5
132.7
4.8

2,803.9
2,667.2
136.6
4.9

2,814.7
2,686.3
128.4
4.6

2,818.7
2,694.2
124.5
4.4

2,798.7
2,675.8
122.9
4.4

3,170.9
3,004.4
166.5
5.2

3,184.5
3,022.1
162.4
5.1

3,187.7
3,028.8
158.9
5.0

3,182.3
3,028.8
153.5
4.8

3,186.2
3,028.5
157.7
4.9

3,189.3
3,033.8
155.5
4.9

3,187.1
3,034.9
152.2
4.8

3,176.4
3,034.4
142.0
4.5

3,166.0
3,039.3
126.8
4.0

3,176.3
3,042.5
133.7
4.2

3,176.6
3,047.3
129.2
4.1

3,177.1
3,051.4
125.8
4.0

3,180.1
3,051.3
128.8
4.1

4,746.1
4,503.5
242.6
5.1

4,825.8
4,587.5
238.3
4.9

4,820.1
4,586.9
233.2
4.8

4,809.7
4,587.5
222.3
4.6

4,812.4
4,590.1
222.3
4.6

4,835.5
4,610.1
225.4
4.7

4,841.0
4,621.1
219.9
4.5

4,832.0
4,600.3
231.7
4.8

4,828.6
4,611.8
216.8
4.5

4,862.2
4,635.8
226.4
4.7

4,880.5
4,645.8
234.7
4.8

4,890.7
4,662.0
228.6
4.7

4,878.8
4,648.4
230.4
4.7

2,598.9
2,499.9
99.0
3.8

2,607.2
2,524.8
82.4
3.2

2,591.8
2,510.8
80.9
3.1

2,601.3
2,511.3
90.0
3.5

2,624.4
2,527.9
96.5
3.7

2,620.1
2,529.4
90.7
3.5

2,615.0
2,519.4
95.7
3.7

2,637.6
2,537.8
99.8
3.8

2,645.4
2,543.3
102.1
3.9

2,635.2
2,533.1
102.2
3.9

2,618.1
2,523.8
94.3
3.6

2,611.5
2,513.1
98.5
3.8

2,615.7
2,524.6
91.1
3.5

1,258.6
1,182.5
76.2
6.1

1,262.2
1,180.9
81.4
6.4

1,260.6
1,181.4
79.2
6.3

1,259.0
1,184.3
74.7
5.9

1,274.8
1,194.5
80.4
6.3

1,273.5
1,193.0
80.5
6.3

1,250.9
1,179.8
71.0
5.7

1,268.9
1,192.3
76.5
6.0

1,262.7
1,185.0
77.7
6.2

1,258.8
1,195.0
63.9
5.1

1,266.2
1,192.8
73.3
5.8

1,261.4
1,191.6
69.8
5.5

1,265.3
1,197.2
68.1
5.4

2,855.6
2,736.9
118.7
4.2

2,798.9
2,701.1
97.7
3.5

2,816.9
2,714.4
102.5
3.6

2,831.9
2,720.8
111.1
3.9

2,833.5
2,711.5
122.0
4.3

2,850.4
2,728.3
122.1
4.3

2,857.1
2,737.7
119.4
4.2

2,856.4
2,729.8
126.5
4.4

2,841.9
2,731.4
110.5
3.9

2,856.1
2,745.7
110.4
3.9

2,877.2
2,759.6
117.5
4.1

2,888.3
2,758.3
130.1
4.5

2,875.4
2,745.3
130.1
4.5

438.8
412.0
26.8
6.1

445.8
420.1
25.7
5.8

448.6
423.2
25.3
5.6

445.9
422.6
23.3
5.2

446.6
421.0
25.6
5.7

447.6
422.7
24.9
5.6

449.4
425.6
23.8
5.3

448,6
424.4
24.2
5.4

449.3
424.4
24.8
5.5

453.4
428.6
24.7
5.5

457.1
434.7
22.3
4.9

454.6
433.6
21.0
4.6

450.9
430.1
20.8
4.6

903.8
879.1
24.7
2.7

906.6
882.9
23.7
2.6

905.6
879.7
25.9
2.9

900.3
876.1
24.2
2.7

903.5
877.7
25.8
2.9

903.5
876.5
27.0
3.0

904.2
877.3
26.9
3.0

907.1
880.8
26.3
2.9

904.6
880.9
23.7
2.6

907.7
885.6
22.0
2.4

912.0
887.1
24.9
2.7

918.2
893.0
25.2
2.7

923.3
901.2
22.0
2.4

815.5
773.9
41.6
5.1

827.3
784.9
42.4
5.1

834.0
792.0
41.9
5.0

835.3
796.1
39.2
4.7

835.1
793.3
41.8
5.0

838.7
793.3
45.4
5.4

839.3
799.5
39.8
4.7

840.5
799.9
40.6
4.8

845.4
801.8
43.7
5.2

857.3
811.0
46.3
5.4

854.5
810.2
44.4
5.2

859.0
815.8
43.1
5.0

865.7
821.0
44.7
5.2

632.2
610.2
22.0
3.5

629.4
608.7
20.7
3.3

631.0
608.5
22.5
3.6

631.4
608.4
23.0
3.6

629.5
607.1
22.4
3.6

628.2
603.3
24.9
4.0

625.8
600.0
25.7
4.1

628.8
604.2
24.6
3.9

625.2
601.7
23.6
3.8

632.2
604.7
27.4
4.3

629.4
601.6
27.8
4.4

633.5
608.6
24.9
3.9

626.6
606.2
20.4
3.3

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




1996

1995
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

4,063.1
3,802.4
260.7
6.4

4,072.1
3,810.7
261.4
6.4

4,075.3
3,813.0
262.3
6.4

4,085.6
3,815.3
270.3
6.6

4,075.7
3,826.1
249.6
6.1

4,081.5
3,830.0
251.5
6.2

4,085.9
3,837.0
248.9
6.1

4,095.0
3,844.6
250.4
6.1

4,100.2
3,844.2
256.1
6.2

4,108.8
3,856.4
252.5
6.1

4,116.0
3,860.1
255.9
6.2

798.3
746.6
51.7
6.5

812.2
759.8
52.4
6.5

812.7
759.2
53.5
6.6

811.0
756.9
54.1
6.7

810.0
755.4
54.6
6.7

810.4
755.3
55.2
6.8

815.2
758.4
56.8
7.0

818.3
760.5
57.8
7.1

819.7
761.5
58.2
7.1

815.8
758.2
57.6
7.1

816.0
758.8
57.2
7.0

818.8
761.1
57.7
7.0

8,477.4
7,942.9
534.5
6.3

8,542.7
8,013.3
529.5
6.2

8,530.6
8,022.2
508.5
6.0

8,580.2
8,023.7
556.5
6.5

8,577.7
8,030.7
547.0
6.4

8,591.6
8,045.0
546.7
6.4

8,570.2
8,029.1
541.1
6.3

8,595.2
8,036.8
558.5
6.5

8,580.5
8,056.0
524.5
6.1

8,583.8
8,074.8
509.0
5.9

8,586.7
8,081.4
505.4
5.9

8,590.1
8,076.3
513.8
6.0

3,662.1
3,494.2
167.9
4.6

3,691.4
3,507.2
184.2
5.0

3,706.7
3,542.9
163.8
4.4

3,713.0
3,550.2
162.9
4.4

3,717.8
3,553.2
164.6
4.4

3,717.5
3,557.9
159.6
4.3

3,703.9
3,548.4
155.5
4.2

3,718.4
3,559.7
158.7
4.3

3,718.7
3,565.2
153.5
4.1

3,723.3
3,566.2
157.1
4.2

3,751.9
3,593.4
158.6
4.2

3,747.9
3,595.4
152.4
4.1

335.0
324.5
10.5
3.1

343.2
332.6
10.6
3.1

345.0
334.7
10.3
3.0

343.8
333.8
10.0
2.9

341.2
330.0
11.1
3.3

341.7
331.1
10.6
3.1

341.8
331.2
10.6
3.1

340.1
330.6
9.5
2.8

339.6
330.5
9.1
2.7

341.3
331.7
9.5
2.8

343.7
335.0
8.7
2.5

344.2
334.8
9.4
2.7

5,638.3
5,354.5
283.8
5.0

5,727.5
5,425.3
302.2
5.3

5,716.9
5,431.1
285.8
5.0

5,715.5
5,426.2
289.3
5.1

5,697.6
5,437.8
259.8
4.6

5,717.5
5,437.1
280.3
4.9

5,728.8
5,446.2
282.6
4.9

5,718.1
5,444.5
273.6
4.8

5,725.2
5,461.3
263.8
4.6

5,730.7
5,453.8
276.8
4.8

5,725.9
5,455.0
270.9
4.7

5,755.0
5,467.6
287.4
5.0

1,548.4
1,481.2
67.2
4.3

1,561.9
1,488.6
73.3
4.7

1,560.7
1,486.6
74.1
4.7

1,559.1
1,489.5
69.6
4.5

1,562.2
1,492.2
70.1
4.5

1,575.0
1,506.6
68.4
4.3

1,592.1
1,523.9
68.2
4.3

1,586.9
1,518.3
68.6
4.3

1,580.9
1,512.1
68.9
4.4

1,586.6
1,517.6
69.0
4.3

1,592.3
1,527.0
65.3
4.1

1,586.6
1,518.8
67.7
4.3

1,656.0
1,575.1
80.9
4.9

1,682.6
1,600.4
82.2
4.9

1,706.5
1,622.9
83.6
4.9

1,736.4
1,648.1
88.3
5.1

1,733.0
1,640.3
92.7
5.3

1,746.4
1,656.0
90.5
5.2

1,726.7
1,639.4
87.3
5.1

1,719.5
1,627.9
91.6
5.3

1,707.1
1,615.3
91.8
5.4

1,725.3
1,638.7
86.7
5.0

1,725.7
1,635.5
90.2
5.2

1,735.4
1,640.4
95.0
5.5

5,843.0
5,495.0
348.0
6.0

5,844.0
5,482.6
361.3
6.2

5,844.2
5,520.1
324.1
5.5

5,870.8
5,540.6
330.2
5.6

5,870.5
5,536.6
333.9
5.7

5,889.8
5,544.2
345.6
5.9

5,896.2
5,593.1
303.1
5.1

5,906.0
5,601.7
304.2
5.2

5,898.9
5,586.5
312.4
5.3

5,877.5
5,583.5
294.0
5.0

5,883.3
5,590.0
293.3
5.0

5,883.7
5,604.1
279.6
4.8

483.1
449.8
33.3
6.9

489.2
458.3
30.9
6.3

487.8
458.9
28.8
5.9

488.2
463.2
25.0
5.1

488.3
463.1
25.1
5.1

487.8
465.2
22.6
4.6

490.0
466.6
23.4
4.8

488.9
465.4
23.5
4.8

492.9
467.2
25.7
5.2

493.0
467.8
25.2
5.1

493.1
471.6
21.5
4.4

495.2
470.9
24.3
4.9

Dec.

Jan.

4,080.4
3,816.7
263.8
6.5

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




(Numbers in thousands)
1996
State
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

1,874.6
1,775.5
99.1
5.3

1,864.6
1,763.3
101.2
5.4

1,850.0
1,763.3
86.7
4.7

1.849.7
1.759.8
89.8
4.9

1,866.0
1,762.9
103.2
5.5

1,861.3
1,761.3
100.0
5.4

1,866.5
1,754.4
112.1
6.0

1,868.0
1,756.8
111.2
6.0

1,860.7
1,751.6
109.1
5.9

1,854.2
1,744.4
109.8
5.9

1,865.8
1,752.3
113.4
6.1

1,872.4
1,757.2
115.2
6.2

385.2
373.9
11.3
2.9

387.1
376.2
10.9
2.8

388.5
377.3
11.2
2.9

389.6
377.9
11.7
3.0

389.5
376.9
12.5
3.2

389.7
378.8
10.9
2.8

388.7
377.9
10.7
2.8

389.4
377.8
11.6
3.0

390.0
378.9
11.0
2.8

389.1
377.8
11.3
2.9

390.8
379.9
11.0
2.8

393.4
382.0
11.4
2.9

2,738.3
2,585.5
152.8
5.6

2,753.7
2,600.7
153.0
5.6

2.748.2
2.599.3
148.8
5.4

2.770.0
2.630.1
139.9
5.0

2,750.8
2,617.3
133.5
4.9

2,744.6
2,614.3
130.3
4.7

2,747.9
2,619.5
128.4
4.7

2,762.9
2,626.6
136.4
4.9

2,752.5
2,631.4
121.1
4.4

2,753.3
2,628.5
124.8
4.5

2,777.3
2,641.5
135.8
4.9

2,784.3
2,642.7
141.6
5.1

9,668.3
9,079.6
588.8
6.1

9.702.4
9.106.5
596.0
6.1

9,727.0
9,145.2
581.8
6.0

9,716.3
9,130.3
586.0
6.0

9,714.2
9,125.0
589.2
6.1

9,698.8
9,126.7
572.1
5.9

9,691.7
9,120.5
571.1
5.9

9.677.1
9.120.2
556.9
5.8

9,680.6
9,135.5
545.1
5.6

9,690.8
9,169.1
521.6
5.4

9,731.4
9,220.8
510.6
5.2

9.757.7
9.215.8
541.9
5.6

975.0
944.4
30.6
3.1

1,006.4
975.3
31.1
3.1

1,008.0
975.9
32.0
3.2

1,005.3
973.2
32.1
3.2

1,009.4
978.4
31.1
3.1

1,014.9
981.4
33.5
3.3

1,014.1
979.1
35.1
3.5

1,006.7
975.2
31.5
3.1

1,010.7
981.0
29.7
2.9

1,012.3
981.5
30.8
3.0

1,018.4
986.4
32.0
3.1

1,020.6
989.6
31.0
3.0

322.2
308.7
13.5
4.2

325.3
311.7
13.7
4.2

324.8
311.6
13.2
4.1

326.0
313.1
12.9
3.9

323.5
310.7
12.7
3.9

323.7
310.9
12.8
4.0

321.9
308.8
13.1
4.1

322.9
309.3
13.6
4.2

325.4
311.4
14.0
4.3

326.5
312.1
14.4
4.4

326.4
311.7
14.7
4.5

327.7
313.1
14.6
4.5

3,517.0
3,362.6
154.4
4.4

3,489.4
3,334.2
155.2
4.4

3,478.8
3,337.1
141.7
4.1

3,467.2
3,329.8
137.4
4.0

3,474.6
3,325.6
149.0
4.3

3,485.3
3,337.2
148.1
4.3

3,478.5
3,325.2
153.3
4.4

3,498.0
3,343.3
154.7
4.4

3,494.5
3,353.3
141.2
4.0

3,480.2
3,333.7
146.5
4.2

3,471.4
3,323.7
147.7
4.3

3,484.7
3,345.9
138.8
4.0

2,823.7
2,647.1
176.6
6.3

2,828.4
2,661.2
167.2
5.9

2,825.1
2,656.7
168.4
6.0

2,845.8
2,671.0
174.8
6.1

2,842.4
2,663.1
179.2
6.3

2,865.6
2,686.9
178.7
6.2

2,888.1
2,711.7
176.3
6.1

2,914.3
2,743.0
171.3
5.9

2,874.0
2,704.4
169.6
5.9

2,867.6
2,694.8
172.8
6.0

2,871.0
2,706.3
164.7
5.7

2,892.9
2,724.5
168.5
5.8

792.8
732.0
60.8
7.7

805.3
737.5
67.8
8.4

802.9
743.3
59.6
7.4

805.3
740.9
64.4
8.0

804.2
742.5
61.7
7.7

809.1
751.2
57.9
7.2

805.8
746.6
59.2
7.3

801.5
747.9
53.6
6.7

800.5
745.4
55.1
6.9

803.9
745.6
58.3
7.2

806.1
747.7
58.3
7.2

807.2
749.4
57.8
7.2

2,858.3
2,752.1
106.2
3.7

2,873.2
2,761.1
112.1
3.9

2,898.0
2,784.4
113.6
3.9

2,919.3
2,812.3
106.9
3.7

2,914.3
2,808.7
105.6
3.6

2,908.1
2,804.0
104.1
3.6

2,908.3
2,808.6
99.7
3.4

2,911.3
2,808.6
102.7
3.5

2,905.4
2,804.2
3.5

2,900.0
2,803.7
96.3
3.3

2,924.3
2,833.8
90.5
3.1

2,922.7
2,831.6
91.1
3.1

256.5
245.2
11.2
4.4

256.1
245.3
10.8
4.2

256.2
245.6
10.6
4.1

257.3
245.3
12.0
4.7

259.5
246.4
13.0
5.0

260.1
248.3
11.8
4.5

257.8
246.9
10.9
4.2

256.6
245.1
11.5
4.5

257.0
244.9
12.1
4.7

257.1
244.9
12.2
4.7

255.8
243.6
12.1
4.7

256.5
244.8
11.7
4.6

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

101.2

Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

75.0
10.0
3.5
8.8
4.7
1.8

5.7
3.8
4.0
5.9
4.4
3.9

4.8
3.1
3.0
4.5
4.2
3.3

3.5
2.2
2.2
3.3
3.0
2.2

23.3
7.3

24.4
7.0

8.2
5.4

7.5
5.3

8.0
5.2

89.7
39.9
11.1

107.7
47.3
12.8

100.5
43.9
12.1

4.2
2.9
3.0

4.9
3.3
3.4

4.6
3.1
3.2

1,238.5
139.8
94.4
301.5
37.1

59.5
3.1
5.3
10.0
2.4

59.6
3.5
4.4
10.6
2.7

62.1
3.6
4.9
10.5
2.7

4.9
2.3
5.5
3.4
6.7

4.8
2.5
4.6
3.5
7.4

5.0
2.6
5.1
3.5
7.2

15,597.4
280.4
401.6
4,424.7
193.3
1,151.3
1,350.2
1,317.2
736.3
183.4
1,235.8
892.8
893.2
193.4
228.4
239.7
234.0
388.3

15,446.2
276.5
403.5
4,382.5
188.7
1,140.2
1,344.9
1,308.6
727.0
178.5
1,226.7
888.7
888.4
190.6
226.0
234.4
228.6
383.4

1,116.3
39.4
61.1
316.6
28.4
55.2
56.2
97.1
43.8
28.9
67.6
36.9
31.7
12.5
10.1
29.7
16.3
28.3

1,060.5
37.9
58.7
328.8
27.0
51.1
48.7
95.7
39.8
19.6
58.6
30.8
30.5
11.5
8.8
26.9
16.2
29.0

963.0
34.4
55.3
294.6
25.5
44.7
41.7
82.5
36.2
24.7
48.8
26.5
26.4
10.4
8.2
26.2
14.9
24.5

7.3
14.2
14.8
7.2
14.9
4.9
4.3
7.6
6.1
16.3
5.5
4.1
3.7
6.5
4.5
12.6
7.2
7.4

6.8
13.5
14.6
7.4
14.0
4.4
3.6
7.3
5.4
10.7
4.7
3.4
3.4
6.0
3.9
11.2
6.9
7.5

6.2
12.5
13.7
6.7
13.5
3.9
3.1
6.3
5.0
13.8
4.0
3.0
3.0
5.5
3.6
11.2
6.5
6.4

2,126.3
164.1
239.6
1,071.6

2,094.4
165.3
242.9
1,053.6

2,098.0
165.4
240.9
1,055.0

81.3
6.0
9.4
37.0

74.7
5.3
9.3
33.0

71.0
4.9
8.6
31.6

3.8
3.7
3.9
3.4

3.6
3.2
3.8
3.1

3.4
2.9
3.6
3.0

1,685.7
215.9
106.2
583.8
264.9
147.1
185.1
115.1

1,741.8
221.9
107.5
597.1
275.9
155.9
193.1
121.3

1,723.9
220.2
106.6
590.6
271.5
154.0
192.6
119.9

87.2
12.8
3.6
33.0
14.1
7.2
6.5
6.7

80.5
11.8
3.4
28.9
13.1
7.9
5.9
6.1

83.0
12.6
3.4
29.9
13.1
8.1
5.9
6.3

5.2
5.9
3.4
5.6
5.3
4.9
3.5
5.8

4.6
5.3
3.1
4.8
4.7
5.1
3.0
5.0

4.8
5.7
3.2
5.1
4.8
5.3
3.1
5.3

382.2
70.8
283.3

389.8
72.8
290.8

388.5
72.5
290.1

16.5
2.8
13.0

20.0
3.4
17.5

17.9
3.0
15.5

4.3
4.0
4.6

5.1
4.6
6.0

4.6
4.2
5.3

277.2
2,553.0

263.9
2,586.8

265.7
2,567.2

23.5
97.3

19.7
87.9

21.0
86.6

8.5
3.8

7.5
3.4

7.9
3.4

6,860.8
184.1
726.1
173.0
100.7
500.9
197.9
196.8
1,037.2
751.3
165.9
231.0
143.4
1,101.4
453.6

7,057.3
190.2
751.7
176.1
103.0
520.3
201.2
199.1
1,062.3
772.9
172.3
238.2
149.6
1,129.1
467.0

7,040.9
188.2
751.1
176.0
102.0
518.1
201.3
196.8
1,057.8
772.4
171.7
239.4
148.1
1,127.5
466.6

345.4
8.3
37.9
6.8
2.8
16.9
11.4
12.0
71.3
30.6
7.2
7.7
4.0
44.9
28.1

352.5
8.0
37.9
6.0
2.9
18.6
12.7
10.2
78.7
28.2
6.4
7.6
4.4
42.3
30.7

313.1
7.1
33.5
5.2
2.5
16.9
10.8
8.9
71.7
24.8
6.1
6.5
4.1
37.0
26.4

5.0
4.5
5.2
3.9
2.8
3.4
5.8
6.1
6.9
4.1
4.3
3.3
2.8
4.1
6.2

5.0
4.2
5.0
3.4
2.8
3.6
6.3
5.1
7.4
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.7
6.6

4.4
3.7
4.5
3.0
2.5
3.3
5.4
4.5
6.8
3.2
3.6
2.7
2.7
3.3
5.7

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

2,074.1
443.6
160.2
257.8
153.6
76.8

2,132.9
457.7
163.3
270.8
159.6
79.6

2,125.4
458.1
163.2
269.2
159.2
79.4

119.1
17.0
6.4
15.3
6.8
3.0

102.8
14.3
5.0
12.3
6.7
2.6

299.4
135.9

309.6
136.0

306.2
135.1

24.5
7.3

2,149.0
1,381.6
375.9

2,187.3
1,416.9
372.8

2,177.2
1,412.4
373.6

1,221.2
134.4
95.3
295.3
36.4

1,248.2
141.2
95.2
303.4
37.3

15,363.0
277.1
413.2
4,383.6
190.7
1,124.6
1,317.4
1,276.1
719.7
177.3
1,219.6
893.4
860.6
191.8
225.8
236.4
227.0
382.5

Dec.
1996P

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii.
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary .
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine ..
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

164.2
2.9
2.0
72.8
11.9
5.3
6.3
6.1

4.5
5.4
3.2
3.8
6.4
5.7
4.9
4.6

4.3
5.3
2.8
3.6
6.2
4.5
4.2
4.5

4.3
5.2
2.7
3.6
5.9
4.3
4.3
4.5

34.6
21.3

30.7
18.2

5.0
4.0

5.8
4.9

5.1
4.2

33.7
8.5

29.9
7.3

36.3
8.4

5.6
4.2

4.8
3.4

5.7
3.9

6,175.7
80.1
93.4
4,120.4
183.2
59.5
52.0
179.6
195.9
106.3

308.4
2.4
2.6
199.2
8.2
4.2
3.1
8.5
8.3
4.5

279.7
1.8
2.7
178.9
6.9
4.7
2.6
8.7
7.4
4.3

304.0
2.0
2.7
194.4
7.8
4.6
3.0
9.2
8.7
4.5

5.1
3.0
2.8
4.9
4.6
7.0
6.1
4.7
4.3
4.2

4.5
2.3
2.9
4.4
3.8
7.9
5.0
4.8
3.8
4.0

4.9
2.5
2.9
4.7
4.3
7.8
5.8
5.1
4.5
4.2

3,080.2
64.5
96.8
152.4
262.2
301.9
807.1
55.8
86.9
64.8
135.1
76.9

3,055.3
63.4
96.1
151.4
260.3
299.5
802.4
55.5
84.9
63.7
134.6
76.3

140.7
1.6
4.1
6.8
10.5
18.8
29.1
2.0
2.5
3.3
5.9
5.1

102.6
1.2
3.6
5.6
7.0
11.9
21.2
1.6
1.9
2.3
4.4
3.8

102.7
1.1
3.7
5.5
7.1
11.9
20.7
1.6
2.0
2.3
4.4
4.1

4.5
2.6
4.3
4.3
4.0
6.2
3.6
3.6
3.1
5.2
4.3
6.6

3.3
1.8
3.7
3.6
2.7
3.9
2.6
2.9
2.2
3.5
3.3
4.9

3.4
1.8
3.9
3.6
2.7
4.0
2.6
2.9
2.4
3.7
3.2
5.3

1,552.3
108.4
252.5
49.8
65.8
65.7
68.8

1,595.4
110.7
256.6
50.0
68.4
65.7
69.6

1,595.3
111.3
257.8
50.0
67.4
66.0
69.8

54.2
2.7
5.9
2.5
1.6
2.5
2.8

51.5
2.8
7.0
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.6

56.8
3.0
7.5
2.3
1.6
2.2
2.9

3.5
2.5
2.3
5.0
2.5
3.8
4.1

3.2
2.5
2.7
4.1
2.5
3.3
3.7

3.6
2.7
2.9
4.6
2.4
3.3
4.1

1,325.8
50.6
88.0
262.2

1,375.0
52.5
91.4
273.1

1,364.3
52.0
90.5
272.1

49.0
1.9
3.4
9.2

54.4
2.2
4.8
9.9

50.1
1.9
4.4
8.9

3.7
3.7
3.9
3.5

4.0
4.1
5.3
3.6

3.7
3.7
4.8
3.3

1,851.2
243.6
525.1
49.1

1,883.5
248.4
534.4
50.3

1,889.8
249.1
535.3
50.4

92.7
5.8
21.0
2.4

91.8
5.9
19.8
2.4

95.4
5.7
21.2
2.3

5.0
2.4
4.0
4.9

4.9
2.4
3.7
4.8

5.0
2.3
4.0
4.6

1,925.5
57.5
275.3
79.6
158.6
85.1
67.0
596.2
175.7

2,006.5
59.4
292.3
84.7
169.0
89.4
70.3
616.8
186.4

1,994.3
59.3
289.1
84.0
168.1
90.2
69.4
612.3
185.3

118.1
3.2
14.6
3.6
8.9
4.5
3.6
35.7
11.2

113.1
3.5
13.8
2.9
8.2
5.2
4.0
32.9
11.3

116.5
3.6
13.8
3.0
8.1
5.7
4.0
32.3
11.6

6.1
5.6
5.3
4.5
5.6
5.3
5.4
6.0
6.4

5.6
5.9
4.7
3.5
4.8
5.8
5.6
5.3
6.1

5.8
6.0
4.8
3.6
4.8
6.3
5.7
5.3
6.3

644.4
52.2
125.4

660.4
52.9
132.7

659.8
53.0
132.6

32.8
2.5
3.4

29.0
2.3
3.1

27.4
2.1
2.6

5.1
4.9
2.7

4.4
4.3
2.3

4.2
4.0
2.0

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

3,668.6
54.4
70.0
1,913.9
199.5
116.2
142.8
127.1

3,825.8
56.3
74.2
2,015.1
202.3
120.6
147.5
134.7

3,833.7
56.5
74.5
2,012.3
203.3
121.3
147.7
134.2

163.3
2.9
2.3
72.3
12.7
6.6
7.0
5.9

163.6
3.0
2.1
73.2
12.5
5.4
6.3
6.0

577.9
421.6

596.5
433.3

597.1
433.1

28.7
16.8

599.3
201.6

627.8
213.6

631.6
214.5

6,098.5
80.2
92.9
4,045.3
180.9
60.1
51.9
180.9
194.3
106.1

6,166.1
80.1
94.3
4,111.0
182.7
59.8
51.6
179.9
194.7
106.5

3,101.3
62.2
95.1
155.6
264.0
303.9
812.8
56.1
82.0
64.1
138.9
77.1

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Maryland
Baltimore

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson

Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Montana
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Nov.
1996

2,702.2
1,263.6

2,821.4
1,320.2

2,781.0
1,302.1

129.6
65.9

124.7
64.1

3,163.1
66.9
1,748.7
127.9
69.5
193.0
153.4
83.5
40.0
279.5
244.9

3,176.3
69.0
1,754.0
127.3
70.7
195.2
153.4
82.7
40.6
282.8
247.8

3,171.2
68.1
1,752.9
126.1
70.9
193.8
152.7
83.2
40.5
280.2
248.0

150.3
5.0
70.1
6.9
4.0
9.7
7.0
7.2
2.4
14.9
10.5

4,730.4
272.5
80.7
2,132.1
202.5
535.1
72.9
222.6
232.6
191.3

4,885.9
280.6
83.5
2,206.7
201.5
562.4
74.6
226.1
238.0
195.2

4,858.3
279.8
82.1
2,201.7
200.9
558.0
74.2
224.1
236.7
194.2

2,588.2
120.4
1,605.0
63.2
92.6

2,617.0
123.7
1,623.5
64.5
93.8

1,257.8
220.1

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

114.4
57.3

4.8
5.2

4.4
4.9

4.1
4.4

112.7
3.6
53.2
5.2
3.0
10.0
5.6
5.3
1.9
10.3
7.7

113.8
3.9
52.7
5.2
2.9
9.1
5.4
5.8
1.9
10.4
7.8

4.8
7.4
4.0
5.4
5.7
5.0
4.6
8.6
6.0
5.3
4.3

3.5
5.2
3.0
4.1
4.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.6
3.6
3.1

3.6
5.8
3.0
4.1
4.1
4.7
3.5
7.0
4.8
3.7
3.1

217.1
7.0
4.2
85.6
10.6
19.9
3.3
9.5
7.4
9.6

205.2
7.3
4.6
84.0
10.8
19.8
3.2
8.8
7.1
7.8

205.3
7.3
4.2
82.9
10.3
18.7
3.2
8.4
7.1
8.2

4.6
2.6
5.2
4.0
5.2
3.7
4.5
4.2
3.2
5.0

4.2
2.6
5.5
3.8
5.4
3.5
4.3
3.9
3.0
4.0

4.2
2.6
5.2
3.8
5.1
3.4
4.3
3.8
3.0
4.2

2,603.4
122.6
1,617.2
64.4
93.4

92.1
6.3
42.3
1.7
3.7

85.3
5.7
41.1
1.5
3.9

84.9
5.3
37.9
1.4
3.9

3.6
5.2
2.6
2.6
4.0

3.3
4.6
2.5
2.3
4.1

3.3
4.3
2.3
2.1
4.2

1,262.8
219.8

1,262.9
220.8

65.1
6.8

61.0
6.1

56.2
5.1

5.2
3.1

4.8
2.8

4.4
2.3

2,859.2
932.4
1,350.0
165.7

2,883.0
956.6
1,353.3
168.6

2,884.2
959.0
1,355.9
168.3

114.5
34.0
53.8
4.7

116.6
33.8
54.9
5.4

125.8
34.0
55.2
6.0

4.0
3.6
4.0
2.8

4.0
3.5
4.1
3.2

4.4
3.5
4.1
3.6

434.3

451.8

446.8

28.5

21.1

22.8

6.6

4.7

5.1

2.4
2.1
2.5

2.3
1.9
2.4

Dec.
1995

Dec.
1996P

894.0
135.9
368.5

917.9
140.3
373.2

913.6
139.8
373.0

23.8
3.0
9.8

22.0
2.9
9.5

21.1
2.6
9.1

2.7
2.2
2.7

812.6
607.9
164.4

859.0
649.1
169.9

862.2
653.6
169.5

39.5
30.1
6.9

40.4
30.5
6.9

42.4
32.1
7.5

4.9
5.0
4.2

4.7
4.7
4.0

4.9
4.9
4.4

629.2
99.6
95.2
119.5

636.0
98.2
97.7
119.6

623.8
97.3
94.9
117.2

21.9
3.1
3.4
3.4

24.3
3.2
3.6
4.0

19.9
2.7
2.7
3.3

3.5
3.1
3.6
2.9

3.8
3.3
3.7
3.3

3.2
2.8
2.8
2.8

4,079.0
164.0
666.2
285.8
608.1
496.6
1,008.9
170.1
64.9

4,117.4
169.5
668.6
289.4
614.5
511.8
1,012.5
170.4
65.3

4,121.1
168.9
668.0
288.3
616.7
509.9
1,015.0
170.3
65.5

248.8
16.9
42.1
25.5
25.7
27.1
59.0
9.3
6.3

239.2
17.0
39.3
24.7
25.2
26.9
56.6
8.9
6.3

242.1
17.9
39.7
25.3
25.3
27.5
56.2
8.8
6.7

6.1
10.3
6.3
8.9
4.2
5.5
5.8
5.5
9.8

5.8
10.1
5.9
8.5
4.1
5.3
5.6
5.2
9.6

5.9
10.6
5.9
8.8
4.1
5.4
5.5
5.2
10.2

793.5
343.6
63.7
73.1

820.3
356.3
66.0
73.5

812.8
354.2
65.2
73.0

47.7
12.7
5.2
2.9

53.9
15.6
5.2
3.1

52.8
15.0
5.4
2.9

6.0
3.7
8.2
4.0

6.6
4.4
8.0
4.3

6.5
4.2
8.3
4.0

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastoma-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio ....
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima .
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid ..
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie ...
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York .

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

496.1
17.0
4.8
25.8
4.1
1.6
3.8
45.0
303.2
282.3
6.0
19.5
15.6
6.6

6.0
4.8
4.7
4.9
3.9
4.3
7.1
4.3
7.3
8.0
4.4
3.9
5.2
5.3

5.7
3.7
3.6
4.6
3.7
3.6
6.0
3.3
7.7
8.5
3.6
3.4
4.2
4.6

5.8
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.5
3.7
6.4
3.3
7.8
8.7
3.6
3.5
4.3
4.6

145.0
3.0
24.9
18.0
12.0

141.0
3.2
23.5
17.0
11.5

4.1
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.2

3.9
2.8
3.4
2.9
2.1

3.8
2.9
3.2
2.7
2.0

10.9
1.8
2.6
1.8

9.0
1.4
1.7
1.4

10.2
1.6
2.0
1.5

3.3
3.8
2.8
2.7

2.6
2.8
1.7
2.0

3.0
3.2
2.1
2.3

5,744.5
364.6
202.4
824.2
1,120.0
807.5
481.7
172.9
77.1
85.2
57.6
318.4
289.4

272.0
17.3
10.8
32.7
55.3
23.6
18.2
6.3
4.5
5.3
3.5
15.1
17.9

273.2
17.5
10.3
31.0
59.7
23.4
20.4
6.1
4.2
5.0
3.7
18.4
17.0

276.3
18.1
10.6
30.6
58.2
23.8
20.3
6.2
4.4
5.1
3.9
14.5
17.3

4.8
4.8
5.4
4.0
5.0
3.0
3.8
3.8
5.9
6.4
6.2
4.8
6.2

4.7
4.8
5.1
3.8
5.3
2.9
4.2
3.5
5.4
5.8
6.4
5.7
5.9

4.8
5.0
5.2
3.7
5.2
2.9
4.2
3.6
5.7
6.0
6.8
4.6
6.0

1,592.7
27.3
42.6
528.4
394.7

1,578.4
27.2
42.2
526.5
394.0

65.3
.9
2.0
16.2
13.5

63.2
.9
2.0
16.9
12.9

63.5
.9
2.0
16.7
12.9

4.2
3.5
4.9
3.2
3.5

4.0
3.2
4.7
3.2
3.3

4.0
3.2
4.8
3.2
3.3

1,639.1
152.9
82.9
963.6
152.8

1,728.5
159.7
86.4
1,014.7
159.5

1,716.8
159.0
86.7
1,012.6
157.4

77.3
7.0
5.3
33.6
7.5

89.9
8.2
6.0
40.3
7.8

93.5
8.4
6.2
40.0
8.8

4.7
4.6
6.4
3.5
4.9

5.2
5.1
6.9
4.0
4.9

5.4
5.3
7.1
3.9
5.6

5,834.8
300.0
61.6
140.7
337.8
106.4
230.9
2,418.5
1,142.8
177.0
311.9
54.4
63.1
56.7
189.3

5,917.8
306.7
63.0
142.7
347.4
105.5
239.6
2,443.0
1,150.2
183.1
316.5
55.2
66.1
58.8
193.0

5,904.8
305.1
63.0
141.1
346.7
104.7
239.2
2,444.9
1,148.5
182.7
314.3
54.8
65.4
59.0
192.1

313.9
15.6
3.6
8.1
11.2
9.1
7.3
128.3
60.0
6.9
24.4
2.3
2.1
3.8
6.8

269.7
13.4
3.1
7.4
9.2
7.6
6.2
118.3
48.5
6.4
18.9
2.4
1.6
3.3
6.8

257.0
12.7
3.0
6.7
8.8
7.3
5.8
109.4
46.9
6.0
19.0
2.3
1.8
3.3
6.3

5.4
5.2
5.9
5.8
3.3
8.6
3.2
5.3
5.3
3.9
7.8
4.3
3.3
6.6
3.6

4.6
4.4
4.9
5.1
2.7
7.2
2.6
4.8
4.2
3.5
6.0
4.4
2.5
5.6
3.5

4.4
4.2
4.7
4.7
2.5
7.0
2.4
4.5
4.1
3.3
6.1
4.2
2.7
5.7
3.3

484.8
562.7

498.4
573.7

495.7
571.4

31.0
37.5

22.3
26.7

23.9
28.4

6.4
6.7

4.5
4.6

4.8
5.0

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

8,453.6
444.9
121.5
565.1
115.9
42.5
59.9
1,347.8
3,797.9
3,183.2
165.5
560.2
357.1
142.4

8,566.8
446.5
123.2
568.3
117.9
44.0
60.4
1,368.8
3,859.7
3,235.0
166.2
568.3
361.8
142.9

8,575.0
445.3
122.7
568.2
117.8
44.3
59.9
1,374.0
3,874.9
3,250.3
166.6
564.2
361.5
141.8

503.9
21.2
5.7
27.8
4.5
1.8
4.3
57.5
276.8
253.1
7.2
22.0
18.6
7.6

488.3
16.7
4.4
25.9
4.3
1.6
3.6
45.6
298.1
276.5
5.9
19.2
15.2
6.5

3,646.2
104.5
711.6
612.0
555.2

3,747.7
107.2
723.7
622.4
570.1

3,739.8
107.2
723.1
622.4
569.5

150.6
3.1
23.4
17.9
12.0

329.1
48.5
94.2
67.1

338.9
49.9
95.9
68.2

339.0
50.1
96.5
68.1

5,626.6
360.0
199.8
810.1
1,097.5
788.4
475.2
168.6
76.2
83.8
57.3
313.5
288.3

5,768.1
364.7
202.7
825.1
1,124.6
811.0
483.7
172.9
77.5
85.8
57.6
322.1
290.4

1,539.8
27.0
40.3
503.9
381.8

Dec.
1996P

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

Vermont
Burlington

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Spokane
Tacoma
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
See footnotes at end of table.




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

1,847.8
242.7
257.9
471.2

1,862.2
244.4
261.2
480.9

1,858.4
244.3
262.1
480.8

92.3
10.8
8.3
15.1

108.0
12.7
9.5
20.3

378.1
43.5
89.5

390.6
44.7
94.2

382.9
44.2
92.8

11.2
1.2
1.7

2,722.4
222.1
229.4
341.7
528.5
614.5

2,815.6
225.6
232.8
349.2
543.6
637.2

2,772.8
223.7
231.0
346.1
537.7
629.8

9,662.7
60.0
112.2
625.8
183.5
104.1
123.3
69.1
173.6
1,729.6
287.0
820.7
126.2
1,998.1
113.3
70.2
101.2
120.9
195.6
120.3
50.5
731.5
48.1
56.9
84.7
42.6
99.8
65.4

9,787.0
59.8
114.7
641.2
180.2
105.3
125.3
71.8
177.5
1,770.2
287.9
835.4
126.4
2,016.8
114.5
67.6
101.9
123.3
194.1
121.2
49.4
736.6
48.9
57.3
84.7
41.4
100.7
65.9

975.6
145.0
629.6

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

98.8
11.2
8.6
17.7

5.0
4.5
3.2
3.2

5.8
5.2
3.6
4.2

5.3
4.6
3.3
3.7

10.6
1.4
1.6

11.5
1.4
1.8

3.0
2.9
1.9

2.7
3.1
1.7

3.0
3.1
1.9

128.2
10.6
10.8
13.7
22.3
16.8

137.9
9.3
9.6
13.4
22.5
20.1

117.6
8.4
8.8
12.4
19.1
17.5

4.7
4.8
4.7
4.0
4.2
2.7

4.9
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.2

4.2
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.8

9,768.2
59.7
114.5
638.3
180.2
104.8
124.5
71.4
176.2
1,772.1
284.6
833.9
126.0
2,019.9
113.9
67.6
101.2
122.4
192.6
121.1
49.3
735.3
48.3
56.8
84.9
41.4
99.5
65.7

548.9
2.8
4.0
17.2
17.3
7.1
14.9
1.7
15.2
72.1
30.3
35.5
9.5
103.7
5.4
10.9
7.4
4.4
40.7
6.6
2.0
30.6
2.2
4.1
4.8
2.3
4.2
2.6

525.1
2.5
4.6
20.9
15.1
7.1
14.8
1.6
15.2
66.3
33.7
30.2
10.6
100.8
5.3
7.9
7.6
4.1
36.5
6.1
1.6
29.2
2.1
4.2
5.3
2.0
4.1
2.7

485.0
2.2
4.1
19.0
14.4
7.1
13.4
1.5
13.7
60.4
29.9
27.0
10.1
95.2
4.9
7.3
6.9
3.7
33.7
5.5
1.5
26.0
2.0
4.0
4.9
1.9
3.7
2.5

5.7
4.6
3.6
2.7
9.5
6.8
12.1
2.5
8.8
4.2
10.6
4.3
7.5
5.2
4.8
15.5
7.3
3.6
20.8
5.5
3.9
4.2
4.6
7.3
5.6
5.5
4.2
4.0

5.4
4.2
4.0
3.3
8.4
6.8
11.8
2.2
8.6
3.7
11.7
3.6
8.4
5.0
4.6
11.7
7.5
3.3
18.8
5.0
3.2
4.0
4.3
7.3
6.2
4.8
4.0
4.1

5.0
3.7
3.6
3.0
8.0
6.7
10.7
2.1
7.8
3.4
10.5
3.2
8.0
4.7
4.3
10.8
6.8
3.1
17.5
4.5
3.0
3.5
4.1
7.0
5.8
4.5
3.7
3.8

1,026.8
155.1
658.7

1,024.7
153.4
657.6

27.6
3.1
16.2

31.3
3.8
18.7

28.1
3.4
16.6

2.8
2.1
2.6

3.1
2.5
2.8

2.7
2.2
2.5

322.2
95.6

328.4
98.5

327.0
97.7

12.5
2.5

14.5
3.0

13.3
2.8

3.9
2.6

4.4
3.0

4.1
2.8

3,477.1
72.5
59.4
106.8
724.0
505.2
130.8

3,461.7
74.7
58.3
105.7
714.3
507.2
129.2

3,444.4
74.3
57.6
105.0
711.9
505.7
128.2

145.4
1.6
4.5
3.4
33.2
16.6
3.4

132.5
1.6
3.6
3.4
31.7
17.1
3.3

135.5
1.8
3.3
3.5
32.1
17.3
3.2

4.2
2.1
7.6
3.1
4.6
3.3
2.6

3.8
2.2
6.3
3.2
4.4
3.4
2.6

3.9
2.4
5.8
3.4
4.5
3.4
2.5

2,824.0
200.1
316.5
1,265.1

2,878.7
201.1
318.6
1,299.8

2,885.6
201.5
318.8
1,307.2

181.4
11.1
18.6
62.9

167.7
10.1
17.2
54.2

177.1
11.4
17.3
53.9

6.4
5.5
5.9
5.0

5.8
5.0
5.4
4.2

6.1
5.6
5.4
4.1

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1996P

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Dec.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
p

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996 p

Dec.
1995

Nov.
1996

Dec.
1996P

794.3
127.1
135.9
76.1
71.6

804.7
130.3
139.0
77.6
72.2

809.1
131.2
139.4
78.1
72.5

61.0
7.0
9.7
4.5
4.3

53.9
6.0
8.3
4.2
3.4

59.8
6.5
9.3
4.7
3.9

7.7
5.5
7.1
6.0
6.0

6.7
4.6
6.0
5.4
4.7

7.4
5.0
6.7
6.0
5.4

2,831.4
215.1
76.1
126.0
79.4
75.3
69.4
249.5
775.8
92.2
61.2
70.2

2,902.1
219.8
77.6
130.6
81.2
74.2
70.0
260.4
789.8
93.9
63.4
71.4

2,884.2
217.9
77.2
129.7
80.9
74.1
69.3
257.8
789.0
93.2
63.4
71.0

91.7
5.6
2.9
3.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.7
21.3
3.8
1.4
2.8

79.0
4.7
2.2
3.1
2.4
2.0
1.5
3.4
22.3
3.0
1.3
1.9

85.6
4.9
2.8
3.1
2.5
2.1
1.8
3.5
21.5
3.1
1.3
2.0

3.2
2.6
3.8
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.2
1.5
2.8
4.1
2.3
4.0

2.7
2.1
2.8
2.4
3.0
2.6
2.2
1.3
2.8
3.2
2.1
2.6

3.0
2.2
3.6
2.4
3.0
2.8
2.6
1.4
2.7
3.3
2.0
2.9

254.5
34.0

255.5
33.1

253.6
32.9

11.5
1.8

10.8
1.7

11.4
1.8

4.5
5.4

4.2
5.2

4.5
5.4

1,278.8
112.3
92.9
108.1
698.0

1,317.4
116.9
95.6
111.3
715.4

1,299.2
117.3
93.6
108.4
708.2

160.2
13.3
12.2
17.4
72.1

154.1
11.9
12.5
18.8
67.0

131.8
10.1
10.4
15.5
57.1

12.5
11.9
13.1
16.1
10.3

11.7
10.2
13.0
16.9
9.4

10.1
8.6
11.2
14.3
8.1

= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

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Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing over
47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during
the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of




information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-




ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

nity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or
she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference week."
Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week,
referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
during the reference week, were available for work, except
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
time (through the current reference week) that persons clasfor three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month sified as unemployed had been looking for work. For perto the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
sons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
a year earlier.
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,
penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who
are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on thenown farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, mater-




Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff\ who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary
jobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4)
Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of
the labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5)
New entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these
five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a
proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the
four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian

workers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers"
and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined
into a single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the laborforce. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4 week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.




Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information
for the employed applies to the job held in the reference
week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the
job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The
unemployed are classified according to their last job. The
occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is
based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class of
worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage
and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a
farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a
wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed
only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on
the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the published figures
relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the
week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each job
and for usual hours.
At work part timefor economic reasons. Sometimes referred
to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack
work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and
are available to work full time to be classified as on part
time for economic reasons.

At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less
than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. This may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34
hours in the reference week, as well as those who are temporarily absent from work. Thefull-time laborforce includes
all employed persons who usually work full time and unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time work or
are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time labor force
consists of employed persons who usually work part time
and unemployed persons who are seeking or are on layoff
from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for full- and parttime workers are calculated using the concepts of the fulland part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data for
"other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the




Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their business's were incorporated)
who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart
because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty
with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one
family. Families are classified either as married-couple fami-

lies or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,
or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families
exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner
or in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining
the family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.

Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job-search
methods.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new
system provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample,
thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they were
waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30 days of
interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the unemployed classification. The only exception was the small subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to start
new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). , Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee
to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant




information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none for
which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons
classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job
within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened
by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work
part time: They must want and be available for full-time
work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons
who usually work full time but worked parttimefor an economic reason during the reference week are assumed to meet
these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To
be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect
to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did
not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job-search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.




Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting thefiguresfor totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had little
effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears
in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue of
this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and

black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than
1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.




• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for

1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of
the new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were
the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to
"transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and
industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in




the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based on
the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792 se-

lected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the SO States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of unemployment level. This translates into a change
of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the
fifty States and for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large States are substantially more reliable than the State design criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates for California, Florida, New
York, and Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4
percent
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes




urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on State population size as well as both national and
State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios
range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in every
3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the
State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in
10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a within-PSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3,000
for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group

quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the
particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area
blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,

the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month, and
so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is common from month to month and 50 percent from year to year
for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial
amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thus providing better estimates of change and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without burdening any specific group of households with an unduly long
period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in use since
1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in The Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the
1990 census-based sample design appears in "Redesign of
the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May
1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Number of sample
areas
68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
1

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood




Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's




that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.

The composite estimateresultsin areductionin the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains inreliabilityare greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates




varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in 'The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in 'The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computedfromthese methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.




Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly
level

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating
standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial..
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, 'Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

+ r120,000,000 -116,150,000
20,000,000 -100,000,000)

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes
in levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.




_
}

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

Hispanic
origin

Total

White

13
19
42
59
82
113

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

Black

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

s x = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962

=131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.

s

y.p = J y p( 1 0 °-p)

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

y,p

=

J 2529.99 ( 3 2)(ioo-32) = 1.0 percent
}
F
V 5,600,000V A

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

b = 4191.84

S x = ^ - ( 0 . 0 0 0 0 9 3 6 6 2 X 6 , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) 2 + ( 4 1 9 1 . 8 4 X 6 , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from




Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, s y p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

b = 2957.13

Sx = J(-Q.0mi7962)(6)mtm)2+(2957A3)(6fm,000)

a = -0.000093662

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

=

ilS (33X100 - 33) = LOpercent

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

1

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

b = 3139.26

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high
correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed
women; thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly




Sx = ^(-0.000125300>(11,600,000f + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.

Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

1860.78
5420.13

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
Unemployment:2

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
S x = 7(-0.000125300Xl1,400,000) 2 + (3139.26X11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics can be found in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These data
are also available in machine-readable format and on the
INTERNET.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the
respondent for use again the following month
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing andreportingerrors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.




It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on
leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who
were hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of

the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-(100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs




(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.

ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the
previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industiy
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1985-95
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1995 is listed as 144,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1994 through March 1995. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years ago. predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1985-95
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Employment

Revision

Added

Required

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015

-131
-400
21
-310
-93

152
149
98
114
131

141
116
99
88
123

3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175

-261
-583
-130
288

85
61
33
83
115
144

63
12
22
107
171
187

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445

Year

1

Average monthly bias
2

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




688
511

3

4

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errorsfor employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available
and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subject
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings were computed using the method of random groups and are expressed
as relative standard errors (standard error divided by the
estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries
with the specified number of employees are presented in
table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying
the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the
estimate of the standard error. The errors presented here
are based on averages observed from sample data over the
March 1994 through March 1995 period.
Standard errorsfor differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Sj 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

=

+

If Si

=

=

S2,

S change

=

V

s

?

+

s

2

is2

~

then:

M

l

~

P

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1995
(Numbers in thousands)
Sample coverage1
Employees
Industry

Benchmarks

Number of
establishments

Number

Percent
of
benchmarks

Total

115,849

329,162

44,856

39

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

576
4,748
18,460

3,605
26,680
59,882

247
950
9,261

43
20
50

6,066
6,316
20,627

2

17,111
26,177
65,892

2,404
1,144
5,043

40
18
24

6,770
32,612

24,699
79,479

2,206
8,275

33
25

2,822
4,777
12,075

6,122
19,515

2,822
4,013
8,491

100
84
70

(3)

)

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many




Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial

s^

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.

S change

times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the true population value.

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of 5,586 reports covering about 58 percent of employment in
Federal establishments.

Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision1

March 1995
benchmark revision

Actual

Absolute

Level

Percent

542

0.5

0

0.3

Total private

511

.5

0

.4

Goods-producing

-19

-.1

-0.3

.8

1
0
-2
3
1

2
0
-1.9
.9
1.0

-1.4
-2.4
-.9
-1.7
-.4

1.8
2.8
1.9
2.5
1.6

-75
-40
10
-46

-1.6
-3.5
1.5
-1.6

-.8
-.6
-1.1

1.4
2.4
1.9
1.6

55

.3

-.1

.7

53

.5

0

.7

6
9
-3
-4
1
3
15
11
-1
0
39
34
6
-7
-4

.8
1.7
-.6
-.6
.4
.2
.7
3.2
-.1
0
2.2
3.5
1.3
-.8
-1.0

-.2
.3
.1
-.4
0
-.1
-.4
-.2
-.7
-.5
1.1
1.6
.9
-.2
0

1.7
1.1
.8
1.0
1.5
.9
1.2
2.4
1.1
1.8
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.5

-.2

.7

-.2
-.6
0
-.2
.1
-.5
-.2
-.3
.2
-.7

.9
4.7
.8
1.3
.7
.9
.8
1.8
1.5
2.6

Total

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods




2

(2)

2

-5
2
10
15
4
-14
-11
1
3
-3

-.3
5.0
1.5
1.6
.6
-.9
-1.1
.7
.3
-2.8

561

.6

0

.3

-.7
-.5
0
-4.7
-.7
6.5

.9
1.3
1.2
1.5
4.0
1.9
4.5
2.9
.8
1.3
.7
1.3
1.6
1.0

-43
-18
0
-20
-12
11
17
-2
-12
-25
-32
5

-13.3
-2.9
-1.1
-2.4
.5

-.2
-.4
-.7
.5
-.2
0
-.8
0
-1.2
.1
.2
-.1

73
55
18

1.2
1.5
.7

-.4
-.6
-.2

22

22

Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1995
benchmark revision

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision1
Absolute

Level

Percent

Actual

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

327
17
120
110
7
-20
-6
32
-3
133
41

1.6
2.0
4.7
4.9
.2
-.9
-.6
2.9
-.3
1.9
1.6

.4
.5
2.2
2.8
-.4
-1.2
-.4
1.1
-.7
.6
.2

.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.9
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.2
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

-120
-79
-31
-25
-9
-25
-25
-8
-16
-5
4
-9
-36

-1.8
-2.4
-1.5
-1.7
-3.2
-5.5
-12.6
-1.5
-7.1
-.2
.3
-1.3
-2.7

-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.5
-4.7
.5
.7
.1
-1.8
.4
.7
-.2
-.5

1.1
1.2
1.5
.8
6.9
2.0
5.4
1.3
4.7
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.6

Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
...
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nec

293
-4
42
4
134
9
58
49
28
-7
14
-96
-32
-28
14
-1
-37
13
-9
90
61
42
5
-2
72
37
11
9
2

.9
-.8
2.6
.3
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.3
2.7
-.7
4.0
-20.0
-2.5
-.3
.9
-.1
-1.0
2.1
-1.0
4.3
2.6
7.3
.8
-2.7
3.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
4.7

.1
2.4
.7
.5
.3
.9
1.4
1.7
-1.1
-1.1
-1.3
-1.9
.5
-.8
-1.4
-.9
-.7
1.0
-.2
1.3
-.6
-2.7
0
1.5
2.6
.5
-1.0
2.3
-.5

.6
2.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
3.9
3.3
2.8
1.5
4.8
4.6
3.0
.9
2.0
1.1
.8
2.9
1.4
3.1
1.9
5.0
1.7
2.8
3.2
1.6
1.9
3.5
1.4

31
0
0
41
22
20
-10
-34
24

2
0
0
.9
1.1
.7
-.1
-.5
.5

0
0
0
.3
.6
.1
-.1
-.2
0

.3
0
0
.6
.9
.6
.3
.4
.4

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1

Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.




3
4

Data relate to 1989-95.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

1

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.

amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Total

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

54,300

Goods-producing

15,500

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

2,200

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

9,600
4,200
3,900

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and Interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods




Actual

Absolute

65,200

Total private

Manufacturing

Mean percent revision

400
900

2,200
400

6,200

0.1
-0.1
0

-.1
-.1
0

.3
.5
.5
.4
.3

.1
.1
.1
.1

.2

.1

.1
.2
.2
.2

.3
.4

.2

11,000
7,500
1,300
1,300

0

1,200

0

1,800
1,500
2,100
2,500

0

-.1
0
0

.4
.1
.1
.3
.1

1,200

0

2,400
1,300
4,000
3,600
1,400

.1

2,000

0

.2

1,300

0

.3

3,400
400
1,300
2,500

-.1

.2
.7
.1

1,200

0

0
0

.1
0

.2
.2
.3
.2

5,900
0
0

.1

.2
.1
.1

1,800
1,700

.1

1,000

-.1

1,700
700

0

.1

0

.5

-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.1

.1

.1

.1
.4

60,400
8,900
7,700
2,400
3,900
5,200

2,000

0

2,400

-.1
-.4

200
1,200

.2
.7

.6
.2
.9
.3

.8

4,800
4,500
1,900

0

.3
.2

0

.2

0

.2

7,400
3,900
5,000

.1

.1
.1
.1

-.1

0

.1

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
2

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

34,300
2,500

.1

16,200

.1
.1

.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.2
.3

15,200
6,300
2,900
1,300
5,900
4,000
13,000

0

0

-.1
-.1

.2
0

.1

8,600

.1

6,800

0

4,100
3,000
2,500

0

-.1

-.1

1,200

0

1,400

0

1,000
1,000

0

I,700
3,100
2,700

-.1

0
0
0

1,000

.1

3,000

0

Services
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nec

30,900
3,200

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

27,700
II,600
10,700
12,700
11,500

.1
.1
.1

6,000
21,200

0

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.




6,100
8,700
13,000
3,000
10,500
9,800
2,400
1,900
1,200
5,900

0

.1
.1
-.1

.1
0

.2
.1
0
0

12,600

-.1
-.1
.4

5,200
2,900

.1

0

2,000

0

3,000

0

1,600
1,100

.1

12,500
7,900
4,200
1,400
700
3,900
4,500
2,300

0

2,600
400

18,000
13,500
2

.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.5
.3
.5
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.2
.3
.9
.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3

0

.1
.3
0

.1
0
0
0

.1
.1

0
0

.1
.1
0

.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.7
.2
.1
.2
.3
.8
.1
.3
.4
.2
.5
.2
.1
.2
.2

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1991
through December 1995.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual aver-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 270 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic
Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMA's,
counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.
The estimation methods are described below for States (and
the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At the
sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared
using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and
annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation
procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for
Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.




age, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.

the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month, of employment and unemployment.




Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and




1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment
and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for
selected labor force series based on the experience through
December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6
months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Establishment data
Beginning in June 1996, with the release of the March
1995 benchmark revisions, BLS utilizes X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of the Census to seasonally
adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and
earnings series. The X-12 ARIMA replaces the X-11 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised
back to 1988.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the

survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and
dividing by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally
adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcu-




lation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-ll
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1996, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1996, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1996-April 1997 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to the
State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and historical revisions are made coincident with the annual benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are designed
to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally adjusted) data
for each individual State. BLS independently develops a
national employment series; State estimates are not forced
to sum to national totals. Because each State series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual State level
errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate
level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure, seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied independently
to the component employment and unemployment levels and
then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal
adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice
a year. Historical revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ
from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State
data.

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State,
and area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, In the January, April, July, and October Issues. Annual averages:
Householddatainthe January lssue;natlonalestabllshmentdatalntheJanuary, March, andJunelssues;Stateandareaestabllshment and labor force data In the May Issue. For additional Information see the listing on the inside front cover of this
publication.
Quarterly averages

Monthly

Topic

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Annual
averages

44-45
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)

Class of worker
Diffusion Index
Discouraged workers

B-9
A-1-3,6,10
A-6
A-6
B-6

D-1,4,8

D-11-14

A-21-25
A-20

D-4
D-4

D-13-14

A-34
B-2,15-18

B-11
Earnings, weekly

A-14,19-20,
28,33

D-19-21

B-2,15,15a,
17-18

B-11

A-15

Educational attainment and school enrollment
Employment by:
A-3-5,7
A-4
B-3-5,7

A-13-17,20
A-15
A-19; B-1214
A-17-19
A-13-16,18

D-1-3,5
D-2

D-11-12,15
D-11-15

D-4
D-2

D-13-14
D-11,13,15

Occupation

A-6
A-4

Sex

A-2-7; B-4

A-13-18,20;
B-13

D-1-5

D-11-15

Full-time workers
Historical data

A-5

A-16,31

D-3

D-13-14

Hours of work

B-8-10

A-21-25; B-2,
15,18

Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries

A-6,10
A-1-3,6

A-26,32
A-35
A-14,20

Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory workers

A-5
B-5,8-9,11

A-34
A-16
B-12,15-18

B-7; C-1-2

B-14,18; C-3

A-3-5,8-9

A-13-16,26,
29-30,32
A-30-33
A-15

D-1-2,6-7

D-11-12,16

D-10
D-2

D-18
D-11-12,
16-18

A-28,33
A-27,33
A-13-16,26,
29,32
A-29-30
A-13-16,2630,32

D-8
D-8
D-2

D-11,16-20

D-9
D-1-2,6-7

D-17
D-11-12,16

State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age
Duration
Hispanic origin

A-12
A-4

Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-10
A-10
A-4

Reason
Sex

A-11
A-2-5,8-9

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era




A-36

172

D-4,8
D-1, 4
D-3

D-13-14

A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15,
17-18,26, 32
19-23
12-13,15-16
35
B-2,15-17;
50; 2
B-2,15,15a,
17; 37-39,
50; 2
7
3-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 1
9-13,17
3, 5, 7-8,1012,14,17-18
B-13; 2-18
8,12-13,30
A-1-2; B-1-2;
1-2
B-15; 19-23,
50; 2
33-34
24,31
36
A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
49-50
1-3

D-22-23

3-8,24,27,29,
33
29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3,5,7-8,24,
28,31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,
29,31,33-35
40-43
46-47

4 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 418 - 559 / 00004

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS

REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Building
Rm. E310
Boston. MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327

REGION H—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia. PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV—ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta. GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago. IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas. TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970

REGIONS VII and VIII—
KANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
Kansas City, MO 64105-2112
Phone: (816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 193766
San Francisco. CA 94119
Phone: (415) 975-4384




IV

ALABAMA

X

ALASKA

IX

ARIZONA

VI

ARKANSAS

IX

CALIFORNIA

VIII COLORADO
I

CONNECTICUT

III

DELAWARE

III

DIST. OF COL.

IV

FLORIDA

IV

GEORGIA

IX

HAWAII

X

IDAHO

V

ILLINOIS

V

INDIANA

VII IOWA
VII KANSAS
IV

KENTUCKY

VI

LOUISANA

I

MAINE

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

Department of Industrial Relations. Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bkjg.. Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor. Research and Analysis
Section. 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St.. Phoenix 85005
Employment Security Department*
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
Employment Development Department. Employment Data and Research Division. 7000
Franklin Blvd.. Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
Department of Labor and Employment. Suite
801. 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division. 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
(
and Labor Market Information. P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201. 500 C St.. NW.. Washington,
DC 20001
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security. Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203. 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE..
Atlanta 30303
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office. Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St.. Honolulu 96813
Department of Employment. 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
Department of Employment Security. (2 South),
401 South State St.. Chicago 60605
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
Department of Employment Services, 1000 E M
Grand Avenue. Des Moines 50319
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St.. Frankfort 40621
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094

Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
Department of Employment and Training,
MARYLAND
Research and Analyst Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
Employment Security Commission, Research
MICHIGAN
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue. Detroit 48202
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
MINNESOTA
and Statistics Division. 5th Fl.. 390 North
Robert St.. St. Paul 55101
Employment
Security Commission, Labor
MISSISSIPPI
Market Information Division. P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
MISSOURI
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry, P O Bo*
1728. Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St.. Concord 03301
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
II
NEW JERSEY
Research. P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, 401 BroadVI NEW MEXICO
way, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
II
NEW YORK
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
Job
Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
VIII NORTH DAKOTA
Bureau of Employment Services. Labor Market
V
OHIO
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd..
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
X
OREGON
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of R e s e a r c h a n d Statistics
3 0 0 Capitol Associates Building
Harrisburg, PA 1 7 1 2 0 - 0 0 3 4
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
II
PUERTO RICO
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
I
RHODE ISLAND
St., Providence 02903

VIII MONTANA

VII NEBRASKA

IV

SOUTH CAROUNA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
Department of Employment Security, Research
IV TENNESSEE
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg.. Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
Ml VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
X
WASHINGTON
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Wood view
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
III WEST VIRGINIA
of Labor and Economic Security, 1 i J California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
V
WISCONSIN
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission, Research
VIII WYOMING
and Analysis Section, P C Box 2760,
Casper 82602

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, DC 20212
Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300




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